WEBVTT

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Prior to the beginning of work,
a complete construction.

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[music]

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There are two basic conditions
that make rat life possible.

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One is the availability of food.

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The other is the availability of harborage.

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The rat always tries to find
a nesting place close to its food supply.

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The rat tends to confine its movements
to a limited home range

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around the feeding and harborage areas.

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Cutting off the food supply
reduces the rat population,

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since rats must spend
more and more of their time

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searching their home range for food

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and even extending
their search to adjoining areas.

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When food supplies are restricted,

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fierce competition develops
for whatever food can be found.

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In these struggles, some rats are killed.

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The survivors then fight
for the opportunity to feed on the dead.

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Others abandoned
their customary home range

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in a desperate search for new food sources.

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In doing so, they expose themselves
to increased risks and accidents.

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The mortality rate rises considerably.

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When rats risk seeking food at sources
already controlled by other rat colonies,

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the scavenging rat

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is often treated as an enemy
and driven off or killed.

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Cleaning up rubbish and rat harborage
cuts down the rat population.

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Routed from their nesting places,
many rats are killed.

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Rats that escape,
expose themselves in unfamiliar territory.

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A rat deprived

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of its customary food or harborage
or of both has little chance of survival.

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[silence]

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On the other hand, killing rats
without disturbing their food or harborage

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merely lessens competition.

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Within a short time,

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the rat population will reach
its previous proportion.

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Control of the rat, therefore,
can be permanent only if based

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on the removal of the two fundamentals
of rat life, food and harborage.

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[silence]

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Rats can only be eliminated permanently
by thorough sanitation.

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Sanitation involves
good housekeeping

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outside premises
as well as inside.

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The first step in a sanitation program
is an attack on garbage and litter.

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Such refuse and litter must be cleaned up.

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To do so deprives
the rat of both food and harborage.

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Sanitation includes removal
of bits of food and nesting materials

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collected by the rats.

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Garbage cans should be made
of heavy gauge metal

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galvanized to prevent rusting.

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The cover should be close fitting
and must be applied tightly

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so that rats and domestic animals
will be unable to dislodge them.

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A wide rim should protect the bottom.

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The bottom should be made
of double thickness.

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The can should be placed
on a concrete slab

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at least four inches thick.

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Such cans make
garbage inaccessible to rats.

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They are an excellent step
along the road to rat control.

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Sanitation, if it were complete enough,
might by itself achieve rat control.

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The nearer this goal is approached,
the more effective is the control.

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Storage of garbage
is a necessary part of community living,

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yet this important function is
usually neglected.

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Open garbage containers found
almost everywhere

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provide the rats basic needs for existence.

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Where a considerable quantity of garbage
must be stored,

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a rat-proof garbage house should be provided.

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It should be of the walk-in type
and must be both rat-proof and fly-proof.

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The door should be self-closing.

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The garbage cans should be
rat proof with tight fitting covers.

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Frequent and regular washing
will keep the garbage house

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clean and free from unpleasant odors.

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[silence]

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An adequate garbage house,

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properly serviced is an effective means
of reducing rat infestation.

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Garbage houses may be inside
as well as outside buildings.

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Shifting of garbage from one container

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to another provides
opportunities for spillage.

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Such spillage reduces
the effects of good storage

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and adds to the rat's food supply.

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Wherever possible,
garbage cans should be carried directly

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to the garbage trucks,
thus accidental spillage is avoided.

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Garbage in transit or otherwise,
must be made inaccessible to rats.

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The garbage truck, therefore,
should be spill proof and easy to load.

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Where modern garbage trucks are not available,
a dump truck may be used temporarily.

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However, the truck should be

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water tight with an incline at the rear
to prevent liquids from running out.

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A canvas cover should be used at all times
to protect full and partial loads

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from spilling
and being blown from the truck.

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A device which eliminates
the individual garbage can,

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as well as the need
for emptying it into a truck

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is a gadget called
a movable garbage storage and carrier box.

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When  properly located
and intelligently used,

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it eliminates storage of garbage
on the premises as a source of rat food.

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At regularly scheduled intervals,
the storage box is inspected.

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When full, especially designed truck comes
to pick it up.

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The box is hoisted onto the truck
by a hydraulic lift.

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The entire operation
can be handled if necessary by one man.

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The truck then carries the box to
the garbage disposal site

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where it will be emptied, washed,
and treated with deodorant and insecticide

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before being returned
to its original location on the premises.

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Good storage and transportation practices

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are ineffective unless followed
by proper garbage disposal.

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For instance, garbage dumping on hog farms

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provides ideal conditions for rat life
and creates serious health hazards.

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Unloading of garbage into open city dumps

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is an insanitary practice
and supports a large rat population.

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Such practices are not compatible
with modern ideas of sanitation

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and must be eliminated.

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An efficient means of garbage disposal
is the sanitary landfill.

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For one thing,
it requires a minimum capital investment.

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Also, it allows
the use of wasteland located close

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to the center of the collection area,
thus cutting down time lost in hauling.

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In one type of sanitary landfill,

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the garbage is spread in thin layers
in a trench and compacted.

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This compaction destroys
any rats and rat harborages

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that may be present.

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A two-foot layer of earth

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over the compacted garbage eliminates
the possibility of later rat infestation.

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In addition, the earth covering does away
with fly breeding and reduces

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the possibility of spontaneous combustion.

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An insanitary and unsightly dump
can be turned

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into a healthful and useful area.

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Another method of garbage disposal
is by incineration.

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For large communities,
an incineration plant can be built,

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which requires no separation
of combustible and non-combustible matter.

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In one of the recommended systems,
the refuse is fed into

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a drying grate and proceeds from there
through a burning kiln

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and to a rotating kiln.

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The rotating kiln continually shifts
the burning material

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so that all food and combustible wastes
are consumed.

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This prolonged drying and burning process

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practically eliminates
the need for auxiliary fuel.

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Some incinerators,
particularly those in small communities,

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are not satisfactory because of
incomplete combustion of garbage.

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Frequently, such incinerators are designed
to process combustible wastes only,

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thus requiring

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prior separation of combustible
from non-combustible refuse.

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Since the refuse is not dried in advance

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or agitated in burning,
auxiliary fuel is often necessary.

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The cost of fuel plus higher labor charges

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makes this type of incineration
more expensive than the sanitary landfill.

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Also, partially charred garbage
taken from the incinerator

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and dumped on open ground
will support a large rat population.

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Furthermore, the non-combustible waste
must still be disposed out,

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or it may become a harborage for rats.

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Therefore, even with an incinerator,
the sanitary landfill is necessary.

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Another method of garbage disposal is
by grinding as with a home grinding unit.

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Most grinding units will accept
practically anything with such substances

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as metal, china, and glass.

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These non-grindal wastes must be stored
adequately until they are disposed of.

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Preferably, by the sanitary landfill method.

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With grinding units,
groundable wastes are converted to a mash

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and are discharged directly
into the sewers.

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The important contribution of this method

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is that it eliminates
storage and transport of discarded food.

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Regardless what method is used,

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the fundamental principle is to make
garbage and rubbish unavailable to rats.

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Sanitation requires good housekeeping
outside and inside premises.

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This applies to the home as well as
to business establishments.

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In the home,
food products must be guarded carefully.

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Even water is an unnecessary concession
to rat convenience.

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Kitchen carelessness is an
open invitation to rats

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to help themselves to our groceries.

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Cereals are a favorite rat food.

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Storage of cereals

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in rat-proof or rat-repellent containers
provides permanent protection against rats.

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These and similar procedures of food storage

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are based on making food
inaccessible to rats.

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Objects of sentimental value can

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accumulate in attics, where the rats find
the rubbish to be excellent harborage.

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The best thing to do
is to clean out the attic,

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thus getting rid
of the rats and a fire hazard as well.

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In commercial establishments,
large and small, poor housekeeping

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provides unlimited food and
perfect harborage for rats.

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Good housekeeping in food storage places
is a safeguard against rat infestation.

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The merchandise should be neatly stacked
on rats away from the walls.

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Two-foot aisles about every four feet permit
ready inspection and cleanup.

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An 18-inch space under the racks
permits easy cleaning of the floors.

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Under these conditions,
rat feces and signs of rat habitation

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can easily be detected,
and rat eradication accomplished quickly.

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Proper stacking, constant inspection,
and efficient maintenance

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are necessary steps
in good premise housekeeping.

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The effects of good housekeeping
can be nullified

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if any space such as a cellar
is left untidy and cluttered with rubbish.

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Such places should be cleaned up.

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If any of the materials are needed,
they should be properly stacked.

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Everything of no value
should be removed and destroyed.

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Here is a modern office building
with no food storage at all yet,

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there are rats.

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How can they live here.

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The answer is simple.

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Again, thoughtlessness and lack of sanitation

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have provided them
with the essentials of life.

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This is the answer.

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A rat-proof disposal
can for all lunchtime food scraps,

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both by guarding food
and by disposing of wastes,

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good sanitation procedures force rats
to leave their home ranges and to face

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the perils of an unfamiliar environment.

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[music]

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On the other hand, wherever food is kept,

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there is always
a likelihood of rat infestation.

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To supplement and reinforce
good sanitation measures,

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a technique has been developed.

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The purpose of which is to block off

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all passages by which
rats might gain entry to a building.

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Therefore, in addition to depriving
the rat of food and harborage, one must

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also employ the techniques of rat-proofing.

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[music]

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[silence]

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