WEBVTT 00:03.100 --> 00:59.920 [Music] 01:17.880 --> 01:27.060 [Narrator:] For evacuation of the wounded, sleds are used with bipartite skids. A boxlike body, made of wood and cardboard, is erected on them. 01:28.840 --> 01:48.300 [Music] 01:48.300 --> 01:50.800 [Narrator:] Every sled is equipped with a stretcher. 01:52.360 --> 01:59.460 [Music] 01:59.460 --> 02:05.960 [Narrator:] The stretcher is provided with a woolen blanket, paper blankets, and evacuation paper sacks. 02:06.340 --> 02:21.280 [Music] 02:22.760 --> 02:28.700 [Narrator:] The sleds are driven this way to the sled-loading place, which is located immediately behind the front line. 02:29.480 --> 03:20.800 [Music] 03:22.420 --> 03:30.940 [Narrator:] For rescue of the wounded, and for transport from the front line to the sled-loading place, canoe-like sleds are used. 03:30.940 --> 04:31.940 [Music] 04:33.000 --> 06:05.000 [Explosions, machine-gun fire, and dramatic music] 06:05.760 --> 06:11.720 [Narrator:] While one medical corpsman applies the first dressing, the other one prepares the evacuation. 06:23.180 --> 06:29.480 He puts an under-blanket of several layers of kraft paper on the bottom of the sled as a separating layer. 06:29.480 --> 06:32.460 and spreads over it the evacuation sack made of kraft paper. 06:37.220 --> 06:57.840 [Music] 07:01.580 --> 07:07.500 [Narrator:] Around the evacuation sack, a layer of tar paper is fastened to increase the insulating effect. 07:08.000 --> 08:05.160 [Music] 08:08.460 --> 08:14.440 [Narrator:] The hood protects the head against freezing. 08:14.500 --> 10:15.800 [Music] 10:18.620 --> 10:24.480 [Narrator:] At the sled-loading place, the casualty is transferred to a horse-drawn sled prior to his evacuation. 10:25.800 --> 10:56.560 [Music] 10:57.100 --> 11:04.200 [Narrator:] As additional protection during the evacuation to the aid station, one or several blankets of crepe paper are used. 11:05.560 --> 11:37.300 [Music] 11:42.100 --> 12:04.620 [Shells detonate, followed by lively music] 12:04.640 --> 12:44.160 [Music] 12:45.520 --> 12:55.000 [Narrator:] A paper bag made of kraft paper protects the wounded arm. 12:55.000 --> 13:04.860 The bandage of soft crepe paper primarily intended for dressing purposes can also be used in this instance as a sling. 13:05.880 --> 14:37.780 [Music, punctuated by explosions] 14:38.980 --> 14:47.140 [Narrator:] [Inaudible] is immediately treated by rubbing with snow. The moist skin is then rubbed dry. 15:16.780 --> 15:22.300 When the canoe-shaped sleds are not available in sufficient number for the evacuation of the wounded, 15:22.300 --> 15:30.140 the medical corpsmen quickly construct auxiliary stretchers by the use of a kraft paper sheet and the wounded man's own skis. 15:31.960 --> 19:55.440 [Music] 19:55.640 --> 20:01.140 [Narrator:] The medical corpsmen fasten their own ski sticks to the stretcher in order to have both hands free. 20:03.140 --> 22:20.300 [Music] 22:20.900 --> 22:26.020 [Narrator:] In addition to the serious casualties, one or two of the minor wounded are evacuated in the sled. 22:27.000 --> 22:43.080 [Music] 22:43.620 --> 22:51.140 [Narrator:] The aid station, with a squad for medical service, is located a few miles behind the front line. 22:51.800 --> 24:11.340 [Music] 24:12.380 --> 24:20.660 [Narrator:] The entrance leads through a windbreak into the interior of the medical service tent, which is heated by two tent stoves. 24:20.860 --> 24:29.700 A stretcher placed on two wooden blocks is set up as an operating table. A lamp with an incandescent mantle takes care of the lighting. 24:30.700 --> 24:36.120 [Music] 24:36.440 --> 24:43.880 [Narrator:] The drinking water is kept in a folding water sack made of rubberized material which is suspended on three poles. 24:46.160 --> 25:18.260 [Music] 25:18.680 --> 25:27.080 [Narrator:] The medical officer places a firm parchment-like crepe paper underneath the instruments. The paper has been boiled to sterilize it. 25:30.800 --> 25:35.600 This sulfide-treated paper can be boiled twenty-one times without tearing. 25:42.960 --> 25:47.680 Blood-stained or soiled pieces can be washed, dried, and used again. 25:49.920 --> 26:11.540 [Music] 26:12.340 --> 26:20.840 [Narrator:] In the case of plaster casts, the medical officer uses a warming dressing made of several layers of crepe paper quilted together and hemmed. 26:21.580 --> 27:05.760 [Music] 27:06.200 --> 27:13.420 [Narrator:] A crepe paper cover is rolled around the dressing to prevent bleeding through the bandage, and resultant freezing of the wound. 27:17.120 --> 27:59.800 [Music] 28:00.440 --> 28:09.600 [Narrator:] The blood-weakened casualty is carefully protected against any possible danger of freezing. Two or three bags keep the injured leg warm. 28:13.040 --> 28:51.460 [Music] 28:51.800 --> 29:01.840 [Narrator:] In case of a more distant evacuation, in place of the evacuation protection sack, a sleeping bag is taken, consisting of several layers of crepe paper. 29:02.080 --> 29:08.580 This will increase the warmth on account of the insulating effect of the air space between the paper layers. 29:10.180 --> 30:29.300 [Music] 30:35.760 --> 30:45.220 [Narrator:] If many stretchers are to be used, the kraft paper sheets and a few thin poles can be most useful in the rapid construction of temporary stretchers and beds. 30:47.140 --> 30:53.980 The weight resistance of the kraft paper sheet is two-hundred kilograms. That is four-hundred and forty pounds. 30:57.180 --> 31:06.920 In order to prevent the danger of freezing during evacuation to the distant hospital, some hot water or hot sand-filled bottles are put into the sleeping bags. 31:11.680 --> 32:24.760 [Music]