WEBVTT

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[Criminal at Large]

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[Man enters the Scoop Magazine building that has a sign hanging on the door reading 'Reporter Photographer Wanted']

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[Man sits across from Joe Wright, Editor of Scoop Magazine]

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Man: Sir, my name is Sam Snipe! I'm lookin' for a job as a reporter / photographer and I thought, possibly, you might have something to offer.

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Joe: Well, I am looking for a man, but Scoop Magazine hires only the best!

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He's got to be good enough to get the story I want on a female who has the reputation of being the most dangerous criminal in the world!

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Her business is robbery and cold-blooded murder. I want a story and exclusive pictures on her hangout and how she operates.

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Would you like a try on this assignment?

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Sam: Yes, sir! I sure would, but who is this dame?

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Joe: They call her Anne The Awful. Her gang is worse than the famous Ma Barker Gang.

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She's a thief and a killer, she stops at nothing. Scoop must expose this vicious criminal!

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It may be a tough assignment, but if you can get the story we want, you're hired! It's up to you.

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[Sam leaves]

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Joe: Well, if that boy brings back a story on hand, the offer will surprise me. If he does, he's got a job for life.

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Sam: Ann The Awful, gosh how can I find her? Well, this is my big chance - I gotta find her!

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Is she a pistol-packing gun moll, a bubble dancer, or uh, or, or uh a beautiful spy?

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Oh, just my luck! Don't even know where to look.

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Now what does he think I am anyway, a detective? I'll have to keep my eyes open and not miss a lead!

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[Sam comes across the Health Department and a poster on it]

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Sam: Hey, what's this!

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"She's dangerous. Get her before she gets you. An-An-Anopheles Mosquito spreads malaria."

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Say, I wonder if that could be Anne The Awful. Could a little mosquito be that dangerous?

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Eh, sounds like a screwy idea, but I can't afford to pass up a lead!

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[Sam goes to a Health Officer]

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Sam: Morning, sir! I'm Sam Snipe from Scoop Magazine.

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Doctor: Scoop Magazine, eh? What can I do for you?

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Sam: Well, I'm out to get a story on the most dangerous female in the world.

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She's known as Anne The Awful and she's a murderess!

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That's all I know about her, but I saw the poster on the Anopheles Mosquito in your window

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and I had an idea that she might be the one I'm lookin' for.

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Doctor: If you're looking for a dangerous female, you're on the right track.

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[Anopheles Mosquito. Malaria carrier - Murderess]

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Doctor: She's a robber and a killer. She murders millions of people each year.

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It's time people got wise to the Anopheles Mosquito and the Health Department will be glad to help you expose her.

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Sam: Golly, she must be quite a gal! Sounds like she's the one I'm after, tell me more about her.

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[Sick person. Well Person]

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Doctor: You see, she carries malaria from the sick person to the well person.

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Then, the well person gets sick and can't do a full days work.

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Farms and factories don't produce and people lose money.

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The farmer who has malaria may want to work - but can't.

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Doctor: The malaria germs the Anopheles Mosquito give him destroys his blood and keep him weak and run-down.

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Sam: Say, this mosquito must be Anne The Awful! can you give me the dope on her?

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Doctor: Yes, but, eh, I prefer that Mr. Bradford, our expert on insects, give you the information.

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Mr. Bradford, this is Sam Snipe, a reporter from Scoop Magazine.

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Doctor: He wants a good story on the Anopheles Mosquito. Will you give him some assistance?

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Bradford: Why sure, Sam. I'd be glad to help you. Bring your camera and let's go.

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[City Limits. Hurry back!]

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Sam: Why are we going into the country, Mr. Bradford? I thought most gangs operated in the city.

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Bradford: Oh, but Anne and her gang are different.

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Sometimes they operate in the city, but most frequently they commit their crime in the country within one mile of their birthplace.

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[Anopheles quadrimaculatus]

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Bradford: But let's start at the beginning. There are several different clans of Anopheles Mosquitoes.

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In the United States, we are primarily interested in the Anopheles Quadrimaculatus. Called Quad for short.

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They are so named because of the four dark spots on their wings.

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They are also known as the mosquito that stand on their head.

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[Anopheles. Culex]

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In this way, they differ from the common pest mosquitoes.

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Sam: Well, where do they come from? And, uh, how did they get their start?

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Bradford: Like chickens they start out as eggs - bad eggs.

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Sam: Gee, what a rotten start! Uh, can you show me some of those eggs?

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[Sam and Bradford walk into a pond]

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Bradford: This is just the kind of place Anne likes to lay her eggs. No rain-bows or tin cans for her.

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Other mosquitoes like these, but not Anne.

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She prefers a pond of quiet water with plants growing in it and lots of floaties to feed and protect her young as they develop.

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Some other mosquito lay her eggs on the water surface one at a time.

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Groups of these eggs may form patterns on top of the water.

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If we looked at these eggs under a magnifying glass, we see the floats along the side that holds the egg on the surface.

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After about 2 days, the eggs hatch. And out of the tips pop little larvae, commonly known as Wiggle Tails.

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We'll dip for some of these larvae and take a good look at them.

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[Bradford's looking in the water while Sam takes pictures]

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[Brushes. Breathing tube. Malaria Mosquito Wiggler]

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Bradford: Looking at the Malaria Mosquito Wiggler from above, we see the short breathing tube near the tail,

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the feathery hairs on its tail and along the sides of its body, and the brushes like a moustache on its face.

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[Malaria Mosquito Wiggler. Common Mosquito Wiggler]

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Bradford: When we look at the mosquito larvae from the side, we see that the malaria mosquito would float just right underneath the water surface.

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Wiggle tails are common mosquitoes that don't carry malaria,

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lie on an angle beneath the water surface and have a long breathing tube through which they take in air.

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[Anopheles larvae shown eating food particles]

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Bradford: When this little fella gets hungry, it turns its head and uses its moustache to brush the food into its mouth.

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It feeds on tiny plants and animals until it gets too big for its britches. Then, out it pops.

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It would cost a lot to keep this youngin' in clothes since it outgrows its suit 3 times in about 1 week.

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Many wiggle tails are killed by fish and insects.

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Those that escape turn into tumblers, which scientists call pupae.

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[Breathing trumpets. Eye spot. Anal paddles]

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Bradford: Tumblers don't eat, but they get air through their breathing trumpets.

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They detect light through their eye spot and can swim away from their enemies by the means of the paddles on their tails.

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After 2 days, the full grown mosquito struggles out of the tumbler shell and leaves the home in the water.

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When Anne emerges, her legs are shaky and her wings are wet.

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So she stands around on the water until she dries and then flies away.

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[Egg. Larva. Pupa. About two weeks. Adult mosquito]

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Bradford: Anne's childhood days are short.

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In about 2 weeks, she has grown from a tiny egg, through the stage of being a larvae, then a pupae,

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to an adult mosquito ready to begin her career of crime.

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Sam: Well, is it only, the uh, only female Anopheles that's considered dangerous?

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Bradford: It takes both to raise a family, but only the female can transmit disease.

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Sam: Well that's strange. Why?

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Bradford: The male doesn't bite. He prefers to suck the nectar from plants.

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But the female, she's bloodthirsty.

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Sam: Then it's the female you have to be on guard against! uh huh!

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Well, well, how do you tell the difference?

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[Papa. Mama]

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Bradford: Well, a female has simple antenna of feelers, while the antenna of the male are quite bushy.

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But you don't have to worry about recognizing the male, he won't bother you.

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Sam: Uh huh. Anne's dangerous because she gives people malaria, but, but how does she do it?

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Bradford: This is tied up with her family life, so lets go on with the story.

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Mating occurs within a few hours after the adult mosquitoes emerge.

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Males may be seen at dusk swarming around a bush, mound, or haystack until the females appear.

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Every year is leap year for them.

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Anne flies into the middle of the swarm and grabs herself a male and away they fly together.

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Time passes and Anne craves blood. Anne is developing eggs and before they can mature she must have a blood meal.

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She has her choice of cattle, horses, or people - people who are careless enough to let her get them.

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Her choice of time, or of attack, is during dusky hours or dark.

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Here's just what she's looking for. A house with a torn screen. It's an easy way for Anne to enter.

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[God Bless our Home]

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Bradford: A young girl is lying in bed, sick with malaria. She's a bit pale, but she has blood and Anne's too hungry to be choosey.

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She lights on the girl's arm at an angle and stands on her head as she places her beak, ready to strike.

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Now, her needle-shaped beak pierces the skin until she finds blood.

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[Saliva. Blood]

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Bradford: She pumps saliva into the blood to keep it from clotting while she drinks.

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She draws up blood until her tummy is full.

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Along with the blood, she swallows a lot of malaria germs, but malaria germs don't bother Anne.

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She's off to her hideout.

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A cave, stable, or some cooled off part of the house will do.

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For Anne is full and wants a place to rest and digest her blood meal.

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Here she is, full grown and stuffed with blood.

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[Bradford and Sam are at a swamp]

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Bradford: After resting, Anne lays her eggs in just such a spot as this and goes out again in the evening in search of more blood.

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This is when she does her dirty work.

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Remember where she got her blood before, from the little girl who had malaria?

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Inside of Anne, the malaria germs she drank with the blood have not been digested - but have been growing and multiplying.

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By now they have worked their way into her saliva.

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Farmer Jones and his family are resting after a hard day's work.

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They're all healthy now, but foolish to be out sitting in the evening, exposing themselves to the Anopheles mosquito.

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They won't stay healthy long with Anne around. She's got what it takes to make them sick.

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[Anne lands on Farmer Jones neck]

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Bradford: Anne bites, and when she does she pumps the malaria germs along with her saliva right into careless farmer Jones.

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In a few weeks he will be sick with chills and fever and won't be able to make that crop he's counting on.

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So Anne goes on, carrying malaria from the sick to the well.

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Sam: Gee, that Anne's some gal! I'd sure hate to run into her on a dark night, but wait 'till I write my story for Scoop Magazine!

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I'll expose her dirty tricks, I'll warn people about her!

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[Sam runs into Joe Wright's office]

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Sam: Boss, I got a great story and wait 'til you see the pictures I took!

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I got that Anne The Awful covered from every angle! I got her in her hideout, action shots of her doing dirty work...

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Joe: Ok, ok, calm down and write it up. If it's good enough we'll use it.

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[Sam's at a typewriter typing with determination]

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Sam: Gee, I just gotta tell people about how she multiplies in pools and ponds and spreads malaria!

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[Printing machine whirls]

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Joe: Boy, this is a great story! When people read Scoop Magazine and find out how the Anopheles Mosquito carries malaria,

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steals energy and time and murders millions of people, they'll take action against this vicious criminal!

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They'll stop this winged menace from spreading her shadow of poverty, sickness, and death over the world!

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[The End. Edition I. MCWA-TE-4-012.0. Office of Malaria Control in War Areas. Atlanta. Georgia.]