WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:07.470 [The United States Public Health Service in Cooperation with Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. Presents] 00:00:07.470 --> 00:00:17.160 [Edward G. Robinson in "Magic Bullets," Jack L. Warner in charge of production. Copyright MCMXL by Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. and the Vitaphone Corporation. All Rights Reserved.] 00:00:17.160 --> 00:00:24.730 [Directed by William Dieterle] 00:00:24.730 --> 00:00:42.620 [The film that follows is an adaptation of "Magic Bullets," a Warner Brothers Production. It is presented under the auspices of the United States Public Health Service in cooperation with your State Health Department.] 00:00:42.620 --> 00:00:55.580 [Grateful acknowledgment is due Warner Brothers for making possible the use of this film in the great nationwide fight against VD (Venereal Disease).] 00:00:55.580 --> 00:01:14.250 [In the last years, medical science has taken gigantic steps forward. Childbed fever, pneumonia, meningitis, blood-poisoning, scarlet fever and many other terrible diseases are now within the control of the physician.] 00:01:14.250 --> 00:01:23.400 [The weapons by means of which these recent victories over death have been achieved are -- chemicals.] 00:01:23.400 --> 00:01:37.890 [The idea of fighting disease with chemicals may be traced back to the little man who was just another doctor in a large hospital in Berlin, Germany, about fifty years ago...] 00:01:37.890 --> 00:01:53.740 [For fifteen years Paul Ehrlich worked developing his famous theory of the way Nature fights disease -- known in science as the "Side Chain Theory," its publication brought him great honor in the scientific world. He received the Nobel Prize.] 00:01:53.740 --> 00:02:12.550 [An Institute was created for him in the city of Frankfurt. There he launched a series of experiments applying his theory to the task of curing disease by chemicals, moulding magic bullets.] 00:02:14.660 --> 00:02:30.580 [Ehrlich:] [You see my dear Miss Marquardt, my opponents don't understand the principles of chemotherapy. To argue with him is like discussing colors with the colorblind. Just finish that letter. 00:02:30.580 --> 00:02:51.750 Marvelous reaction. Beautiful color. Letter to Doctor Frederick Smith, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Dear Dr. Smith...Preston had his breakfast yet?. [Laughter] Beautiful color, beautiful. 00:02:51.750 --> 00:02:53.610 [Cartwright:] The committee is here, Professor. 00:02:53.610 --> 00:02:59.800 [Ehrlich:] Dear Dr. Smith, you got that [last line]? -- How's that? Oh, the committee. What committee? 00:02:59.800 --> 00:03:04.580 [Cartwright:] The [inaudible] committee, Herr Professor, to inspect the institute. 00:03:04.580 --> 00:03:07.290 [Ehrlich:] So, how many heads has the monster? 00:03:07.290 --> 00:03:09.810 [Cartwright:] Four, Herr Professor. 00:03:09.810 --> 00:03:11.570 [Ehrlich:] Show the committee in. 00:03:11.570 --> 00:03:12.890 [Cartwright:] Yes, Herr Professor. 00:03:12.890 --> 00:03:27.890 [Ehrlich:] I mustn't lose my temper. I must remember the committee is a necessary evil. I surely shall forget something. Blow your nose or drop a book, anything. Just help me to remember. 00:03:27.890 --> 00:03:29.570 [Althoff:] Good afternoon, Herr Doctor. 00:03:29.570 --> 00:03:31.130 [Ehrlich:] Good afternoon. 00:03:31.130 --> 00:03:32.460 [Von Behring:] Good afternoon. 00:03:32.460 --> 00:03:34.540 [Althoff:] May I present our new member, Dr. Wolfert. 00:03:34.540 --> 00:03:37.210 [Ehrlich:] We need no introductions; Wolfert and I are old friends. Aren't we Wolfert? 00:03:37.210 --> 00:03:38.950 [Wolfert:] Indeed. 00:03:38.950 --> 00:03:41.210 [Althoff:] Of course you know Herr Mittelmeyer? 00:03:41.210 --> 00:03:48.820 [Ehrlich:] How do you do, Herr Mittelmeyer? Be seated, gentlemen. Have a cigar? 00:03:48.820 --> 00:03:50.120 [Herr Mittelmeyer:] Thank you. 00:03:50.120 --> 00:03:51.180 [Ehrlich:] Excellent cigars. 00:03:51.180 --> 00:03:52.200 [Althoff:] No thank you. 00:03:52.200 --> 00:03:53.050 [Ehrlich:] They're from Havana. 00:03:53.050 --> 00:03:54.970 [Von Behring:] No thank you. 00:03:54.970 --> 00:03:59.130 [Ehrlich:] Well, gentlemen, what is your pleasure? Would you care to look around the institute? 00:03:59.130 --> 00:04:02.500 [Althoff:] First of all, we'd like to ask a few general questions. 00:04:02.500 --> 00:04:03.820 [Ehrlich:] At your service. 00:04:03.820 --> 00:04:09.860 [Althoff:] Is it true, Herr Doctor, that for some years you've been working to find a cure for the disease that afflicts mice? 00:04:09.860 --> 00:04:11.290 [Ehrlich:] Yes, it's true. 00:04:11.290 --> 00:04:12.980 [Von Behring:] Why may I ask? 00:04:12.980 --> 00:04:16.590 [Ehrlich:] It's not because I'm prompted by any special tenderness to them. 00:04:16.590 --> 00:04:24.030 [Mittelmeyer:] Others look for ways to get rid of mice, but Dr. Ehrlich decorates the walls of his rooms with them. 00:04:24.030 --> 00:04:28.800 [Marquardt:] [Blowing nose] 00:04:28.800 --> 00:04:37.410 [Ehrlich:] If the gentlemen would care to look into the microscope. 00:04:37.410 --> 00:04:43.480 The curving, stick-like objects you see are trypanosomes. 00:04:43.480 --> 00:04:50.730 Of course the mouse disease you just mentioned. 00:04:51.500 --> 00:04:58.430 I chose them because their size and signature shape make it easier to identify them in the microscope. 00:04:58.430 --> 00:05:14.480 Maybe one of you gentlemen remembers my staining the tubucle bacillus? Following the same idea of affinity, I compounded an arsenic preparation which when injected into the bloodstream, combines with the microbe and destroys it like a magic bullet. 00:05:14.480 --> 00:05:18.910 [Wolfert:] May I inquire to what practical use you intend to put this discovery? 00:05:18.910 --> 00:05:22.670 [Ehrlich:] Well, I'm trying to find magic bullets for which to fight human diseases. 00:05:22.670 --> 00:05:23.580 [Mittelmeyer:] [Laughter] 00:05:23.580 --> 00:05:25.620 [Marquardt:] [Blowing nose] 00:05:25.620 --> 00:05:28.060 [Von Behring:] How soon do you expect your first success? 00:05:28.060 --> 00:05:34.110 [Ehrlich:] In a reasonably short time. I'd say 10 or 15 years. 00:05:34.110 --> 00:05:35.040 [Von Behring:] Doctor! 00:05:35.040 --> 00:05:36.240 [Althoff:] Really, Herr Doctor! 00:05:36.240 --> 00:05:37.770 [Wolfert:] 10 or 15 years, huh? 00:05:37.770 --> 00:05:42.740 [Ehrlich:] I dare say the disease will still be with us then. Oh, ah, Dr. Kraus? 00:05:42.740 --> 00:05:44.140 [Kraus:] Yes? 00:05:44.140 --> 00:05:53.170 [Ehrlich:] Now I'm going to put you in the hands of Dr. Kraus. He'll show you around. Feel free to ask any questions. The institute is yours, gentlemen. 00:05:53.170 --> 00:05:55.180 [Kraus:] Dr. Morgenroth, gentlemen. 00:05:55.180 --> 00:05:58.660 [Morgenroth:] How do you do? 00:05:58.660 --> 00:06:01.780 [Von Behring:] I see you're working with rabbits, doctor, why? 00:06:01.780 --> 00:06:03.350 [Morgenroth:] Rabbits are better for our purpose. 00:06:03.350 --> 00:06:05.680 [Mittelmeyer:] What is your purpose here, doctor? 00:06:05.680 --> 00:06:07.190 [Morgenroth:] To inject them. 00:06:07.190 --> 00:06:08.960 [Mittelmeyer:] Inject them with what? 00:06:08.960 --> 00:06:11.140 [Morgenroth:] Infectious diseases. 00:06:11.140 --> 00:06:12.960 [Mittelmeyer:] Infectious -- 00:06:12.960 --> 00:06:20.580 [Wolfert:] Mittelmeyer -- there's no danger. 00:06:20.580 --> 00:06:21.970 [Kraus:] Dr. Hata, gentlemen. 00:06:21.970 --> 00:06:22.880 [Hata:] How do you do? 00:06:22.880 --> 00:06:24.600 [Althoff, Von Behring, Mittelmeyer:] How do you do, Doctor. 00:06:24.600 --> 00:06:25.980 [Althoff:] You're not German are you? 00:06:25.980 --> 00:06:29.530 [Hata:] Oh, no. Now, back in your cage, Mittelmeyer. 00:06:29.530 --> 00:06:31.960 [Mittelmeyer:] What? What did you say? 00:06:31.960 --> 00:06:41.010 [Hata:] I said, back to your cage Mittelmeyer. You see all our guinea pigs have names. This is Speigler and this lonely one is Napoleon. [Laughter] 00:06:41.010 --> 00:06:43.710 [Mittelmeyer:} [Napoleon...[laughter] That's good?]. 00:06:43.710 --> 00:06:46.070 [Von Behring:] Dr. Hata, what are you doing here? 00:06:46.070 --> 00:06:49.200 [Hata:] I inject rats, mice, guinea pigs. 00:06:49.200 --> 00:06:50.710 [Von Behring:] Same as Dr. Morgenroth? 00:06:50.710 --> 00:06:56.250 [Hata:] Oh, no. Dr. Morgenroth injects microbes, but I inject chemicals into them. 00:06:56.250 --> 00:06:57.440 [Mittelmeyer:] Why? 00:06:57.440 --> 00:07:02.360 [Hata:] To test the effect of the chemicals on the microbes. 00:07:02.360 --> 00:07:04.380 [Mittelmeyer:] Complicated isn't it? 00:07:04.380 --> 00:07:08.900 [Von Behring:] You assistants seem to be doing all the work here. What does Dr. Erlich do? 00:07:08.900 --> 00:07:11.240 [Hata:] He thinks. 00:07:11.240 --> 00:07:14.540 [Mittelmeyer:] Oh...? 00:07:14.540 --> 00:07:21.970 [Cartwright:] Herr Professor? 00:07:21.970 --> 00:07:24.910 [Ehrlich:] Well, gentlemen, what were your impressions? 00:07:24.910 --> 00:07:30.130 [Althoff:] In going over the books, I was surprised at the large sums expended for test animals and chemicals. 00:07:30.130 --> 00:07:31.150 [Ehrlich:] Were you? 00:07:31.150 --> 00:07:34.980 [Wolfert:] We were also surprised the presence of an Oriental in the laboratory. 00:07:34.980 --> 00:07:39.880 [Ehrlich:] Oriental? Hata? An Oriental. Yes, so he is. 00:07:39.880 --> 00:07:44.230 [Wolfert:] We do not approve of his employment when a man of pure German blood could fill the place. 00:07:44.230 --> 00:07:45.930 [Ehrlich:] What has race to do with science? 00:07:45.930 --> 00:07:49.990 [Wolfert:] Really, Dr. Ehrlich, for an employee of the state, your attitude is very un-German. 00:07:49.990 --> 00:07:52.760 [Ehrlich:] Besides, truth is master, not the state. 00:07:52.760 --> 00:07:55.670 [Wolfert:] Those are queer sentiments for one who depends upon the state for his livelihood. 00:07:55.670 --> 00:07:56.130 [Von Behring:] Quite so. 00:07:56.130 --> 00:07:56.610 [Althoff:] Right. 00:07:56.610 --> 00:08:03.700 [Mittelmeyer:] Yes. 00:08:03.700 --> 00:08:04.430 [Ehrlich:] Cartwright? 00:08:04.430 --> 00:08:05.710 [Cartwright:] Yes, Professor? 00:08:05.710 --> 00:08:07.590 [Ehrlich:] Show these gentlemen out. 00:08:07.590 --> 00:08:17.800 [Cartwright:] Gentlemen. 00:08:17.800 --> 00:08:18.940 [Marquardt:] What did you say to them? 00:08:18.940 --> 00:08:24.500 [Ehrlich:] Oh, I couldn't hold it any longer. I simply couldn't. Gabriel's horn couldn't have stopped me, let alone you blowing your nose. 00:08:24.500 --> 00:08:25.770 [Marquardt:] This may cause trouble. 00:08:25.770 --> 00:08:34.530 [Ehrlich:] Oh, devil take them, the nitwits. Un-German. Oh, the nitwits. I should have told Cartwright to throw them out rather than show them out. 00:08:34.530 --> 00:08:35.780 [Marquardt:] Thank goodness you didn't. 00:08:35.780 --> 00:08:39.430 [Ehrlich:] The state, un-German. Pure... 00:08:39.430 --> 00:08:56.060 [ Background music. Ehrlich examines an article titled, "Cause of Syphilis Discovered" by Fritz Schaudinn.] 00:08:56.060 --> 00:09:08.710 [Ehrlich:] Morgenroth, Kraus, Hata, everybody come here. 00:09:08.710 --> 00:09:13.810 [Kraus:] Herr Professor, you called? 00:09:13.810 --> 00:09:18.160 [Ehrlich:] Gentlemen, it would seem the germ of syphilis has been discovered. 00:09:18.160 --> 00:09:19.070 [Man 1:] Really? 00:09:19.070 --> 00:09:19.960 [Man 2:] What do you mean? 00:09:19.960 --> 00:09:21.520 [Kraus:] By whom? 00:09:21.520 --> 00:09:33.370 [Ehrlich:] A one, ah, Fritz Schaudinn, the German Medical Weekly sent me these proofs for approval. Listen - the spirochete pallida is a protozoan and it's a fine, sticky convoluted filament with six to 14 turns. 00:09:33.370 --> 00:09:42.700 It is decidedly motile with forward, turning, and bending movements. Does that description put you in mind of anything else? 00:09:42.700 --> 00:09:50.290 It's decidedly motile with forward... turning... and bending movements. 00:09:50.290 --> 00:09:51.950 [Man 3:] Why, that's just like the trypanosome. 00:09:51.950 --> 00:09:53.680 [Ehrlich:] Right. 00:09:53.680 --> 00:09:57.380 [Kraus:] If the germ has been discovered, it's cause to hope for a cure. 00:09:57.380 --> 00:10:06.180 [Ehrlich:] Yes, there is hope. First let's see if Schaudinn is right. Hata... 00:10:06.180 --> 00:10:06.940 [Hata:] Yes, Professor? 00:10:06.940 --> 00:10:10.830 [Ehrlich:] Go to the clinic and arrange for some fresh material. I want to see it with my own eyes. 00:10:10.830 --> 00:10:13.440 [Hata:] Yes, sir. 00:10:13.440 --> 00:10:15.710 [Background music] 00:10:15.710 --> 00:10:24.280 [Ehrlich:] Yes, it's true. It's true. 00:10:24.280 --> 00:10:29.890 The cause of man's most vicious disease before our eyes. 00:10:29.890 --> 00:10:33.660 Spirochete pallida. 00:10:33.660 --> 00:10:42.040 Delicate things they are. So small and yet so deadly. 00:10:42.040 --> 00:10:48.740 Hardly more than a motion and that motion is a dance of death. 00:10:48.740 --> 00:10:59.720 [ Background music. Ehrlich moves aside and another man peers through the microscope. ] 00:10:59.720 --> 00:11:03.060 [Ehrlich:] Well, what do you think? 00:11:03.060 --> 00:11:11.170 [Morgenroth:] I think the spirochete, except for its size, is similar to the trypanosomes. 00:11:11.170 --> 00:11:28.500 [Ehrlich:] And arsenic destroys the trypanosomes in the living bodies of mice. Perhaps... I hardly dare say it, but it's possible that one day an arsenical combination will destroy the spirochetes in the living bodies of men. 00:11:28.500 --> 00:11:37.070 [Hata:] Herr Professor? Today we are ready to show you the results of the first test. Here, they're all crazy. 00:11:37.070 --> 00:11:44.890 [Ehrlich:] Yes, but they lived; that's the important thing. The germ has been destroyed in their bodies; that indicates we're on the right track. 00:11:44.890 --> 00:11:58.760 Morgenroth, I want you to draw a chart for me. I want you to record the progress of our work. Um... a chart, a chart like this. 00:11:58.760 --> 00:12:09.240 We have two factors to reckon with; the poisonous effects of our preparation on the microbe... 00:12:09.240 --> 00:12:13.470 and the poisonous effects on the cells of the body. 00:12:13.470 --> 00:12:18.390 Now, the preparation we've just tested, we call that number one. 00:12:18.390 --> 00:12:29.480 That is approximately 100 percent successful against the microbe, but also it's approximately 100 percent poisonous to the cells of the body because the mice all went crazy. 00:12:29.480 --> 00:12:42.120 What we have to do is to keep our preparation 100 percent successful against the microbe while reducing its poisonous effects on the body... to zero. 00:12:42.120 --> 00:12:49.250 When we have done that, then we shall have been successful in our search for a magic bullet. 00:12:49.250 --> 00:12:59.070 We'll take... oh heaven knows how many... 100 preparations before we find it, but we shan't stop until we do. 00:12:59.070 --> 00:13:02.380 [ Background music ] 00:13:02.380 --> 00:13:17.460 [Paper titled Test Chart is shown. Jagged line is the poisonous effect on the Microbe. Dotted line is the poisonous effect on the Cells of the Body. Both lines start at 100 percent successfull. Jagged line remains close to 100 percent with increasing test cases. Dotted line gradually drops with increasing test cases.] 00:13:17.460 --> 00:13:50.070 [Dr. Ehrlich mixes, pours, and heats chemical solutions in his lab.] 00:13:50.070 --> 00:14:01.830 [Althoff:] 120,000 marks for test animals; 94,000 marks for chemicals; 61,000 marks for salaries; 33,000 marks for equipment; no practical results. 00:14:01.830 --> 00:14:06.700 [Wolfert:] I move the debate be closed and let the question of their appropriation proposal be put to a vote. 00:14:06.700 --> 00:14:08.130 [Group:] Aye. 00:14:08.130 --> 00:14:15.820 [Althoff:] All those in favor of cutting the appropriation for the Paul Ehrlich Institute by 50 percent signify by raising their right hand. 00:14:15.820 --> 00:14:18.310 Those opposed? 00:14:18.310 --> 00:14:21.060 Herr Mittelmeyer, are you for or against? 00:14:21.060 --> 00:14:24.420 [Mittelmeyer:] Well, on the one hand, there is science but -- 00:14:24.420 --> 00:14:26.600 [Althoff:] -- are you for or against? 00:14:26.600 --> 00:14:29.310 [Mittelmeyer:] I'm for... the reduction. 00:14:29.310 --> 00:14:31.410 [ Background music ] 00:14:31.410 --> 00:14:42.410 [Handwritten letter reads, "Regret to inform you that Budget Committee has cut appropriation for coming year fifty percent. Althoff"] 00:14:42.410 --> 00:14:48.450 [Ehrlich:] Only today we made a great step forward. I wish now we hadn't. 00:14:48.450 --> 00:14:51.350 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] This can't happen, Paul, it absolutely cannot. 00:14:51.350 --> 00:14:53.110 [Ehrlich:] It has. 00:14:53.110 --> 00:14:55.850 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] But, there must be something we can do, there must be. 00:14:55.850 --> 00:15:00.590 [Ehrlich:] I'd like to know what. 00:15:00.590 --> 00:15:02.560 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] We should go to see Frau Speyer. 00:15:02.560 --> 00:15:03.890 [Ehrlich:] What about? 00:15:03.890 --> 00:15:07.060 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] Well, I shall try to get the money you need from her. 00:15:07.060 --> 00:15:12.240 [Ehrlich:] People like Frau Speyer don't give money away. That's why they have money, because they don't give it away. 00:15:12.240 --> 00:15:16.190 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] No harm trying. 00:15:16.190 --> 00:15:31.050 [Speyer:] So you turn to me like everyone else who wants money you turn to Franziska Speyer. Ever since I said I wanted to do something in honor of my husband, it has been one person after another. 00:15:31.050 --> 00:15:35.800 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] My husband is doing a great work, Frau Speyer. It must go on. 00:15:35.800 --> 00:15:47.020 [Speyer:] You are a good wife, but I was a good wife too. My husband's estate mustn't be thrown away. It must go where it can do the greatest public good. 00:15:47.020 --> 00:15:51.280 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] No one will ever forget the name of Speyer if you will help my husband. 00:15:51.280 --> 00:16:03.150 [Speyer:] I've got to find out for myself. You bring Paul Ehrlich to dinner next week, say Thursday, and let me make up my mind about him. 00:16:03.150 --> 00:16:11.280 [ Background conversations and music. A large group is seated at an elegant dining table. ] 00:16:11.280 --> 00:16:15.970 [Man 4:] No one can really like it... or even pretend to. 00:16:15.970 --> 00:16:19.280 [Man 5:] Dr. Ehrlich, what are you experimenting on now, may I ask? 00:16:19.280 --> 00:16:20.400 [Ehrlich:] Syphilis. 00:16:20.400 --> 00:16:26.390 [ Dramatic background music. Diners' faces display shock and amazement.] 00:16:26.390 --> 00:16:27.760 [Woman:] I beg your pardon? 00:16:27.760 --> 00:16:29.680 [Speyer:] Herr Doctor, did you say? 00:16:29.680 --> 00:16:32.340 [Ehrlich:] Yes, Frau Speyer. 00:16:32.340 --> 00:16:34.170 [Speyer:] He said syphilis. 00:16:34.170 --> 00:16:36.340 [Man 6:] Well, I declare. 00:16:36.340 --> 00:16:50.250 [Ehrlich:] Syphilis is an infectious disease and like all other infectious diseases, it's caused by microbes. People might get it in very innocent ways; from a public drinking cup, from a table. 00:16:50.250 --> 00:16:53.400 [Man 7:] What are you doing about it, Herr Doctor? 00:16:53.400 --> 00:16:55.460 [Ehrlich:] Well, I'm trying to find a cure. 00:16:55.460 --> 00:16:57.860 [Man 8:] Does that mean you're developing a serum? 00:16:57.860 --> 00:17:01.000 [Ehrlich:] No. I'm working on a new principle. 00:17:01.000 --> 00:17:03.790 [Speyer:] What is this new principle? 00:17:03.790 --> 00:17:07.220 [Ehrlich:] Be careful, Frau Speyer, or I should tell you about it. 00:17:07.220 --> 00:17:10.610 [Speyer:] Please do, doctor. We're most interested. 00:17:10.610 --> 00:17:20.700 [Ehrlich:] Well... nobody has ever seen a molecule, but let's imagine that they look like this. 00:17:20.700 --> 00:17:24.110 [Hedwig Ehrlich:] Paul?... Not on Frau Speyer's tablecloth. 00:17:24.110 --> 00:17:28.720 [Speyer:] Leave him alone. How am I going to understand otherwise? 00:17:28.720 --> 00:17:41.360 [Ehrlich:] Now if we imagine the molecules composing of microbes look like this keyhole, we can readily see that any chemical molecule that is going to combine with it must be shaped like a key that would fit into it. 00:17:41.360 --> 00:17:46.440 Now this is the basis of my theory of affinity. 00:17:46.440 --> 00:17:59.790 So, after many years I've discovered that arsenic was the key which fit in the molecules of which these microbes are composed, but it also fits the molecules of which the brain and the nerves are composed. 00:17:59.790 --> 00:18:09.520 Now, if we were to shape our key so that it fits only the microbe, since there are thousands of chemical combinations it will take thousands of experiments. 00:18:09.520 --> 00:18:17.570 [Speyer:] That's really fascinating. In fact, the most fascinating thing I've ever heard. 00:18:17.570 --> 00:18:23.640 [ Background music ] 00:18:23.640 --> 00:18:37.880 [A hand writes out a bank draft to Paul Ehrlich for two million marks, signed by Franziska Speyer.] 00:18:37.880 --> 00:18:40.770 [Background music] 00:18:40.770 --> 00:19:14.940 [Ehrlich and his assistants are shown working in the lab, surrounded by chemicals, test tubes, notes, and charts.] 00:19:14.940 --> 00:19:39.570 [Multiple test cases; scientists handling jars and bottles. Test Chart with jagged line (poisonous effect on the Microbe) plateauing near 100 percent successful and dotted line (the poisonous effect on the Cells of the Body) plateauing nearer to 0 percent.] 00:19:39.570 --> 00:19:45.660 [Hata:] Today we are ready to show you the results of the 606th test. A complete recovery. 00:19:45.660 --> 00:19:49.910 [Chimpanzee sounds.] 00:19:49.910 --> 00:19:51.060 [Hata:] It's unbelievable. 00:19:51.060 --> 00:19:51.730 [Man 9:] It's wonderful. 00:19:51.730 --> 00:19:52.620 [Man 10:] It's miraculous. 00:19:52.620 --> 00:19:54.390 [Hata:] He shows no ill effects at all. 00:19:54.390 --> 00:19:58.370 [Kraus:] Think about the first test with the mice and now at last, complete recovery. 00:19:58.370 --> 00:20:09.190 [Ehrlich:] I'm starting to believe the realization and the dream. It's too wonderful to be true. So, we've come to the end of the road. 00:20:09.190 --> 00:20:15.550 The road full of twists and turns. 00:20:15.550 --> 00:20:21.180 Six hundred and six... 00:20:21.180 --> 00:20:28.740 ...when we began, I remember that I said that it might take 100 experiments, but I thought I was exaggerating. 00:20:28.740 --> 00:20:37.030 I didn't dream there would be more than a score or two and take over a few months at the most. 00:20:37.030 --> 00:20:40.410 You've shown courage and fortitude. 00:20:40.410 --> 00:20:44.100 I'm very proud of you, each one of you. Very. 00:20:44.100 --> 00:20:46.420 [Man 11:] We are proud to have served under you, Herr Doctor. 00:20:46.420 --> 00:20:48.270 [Kraus:] The example you set us. 00:20:48.270 --> 00:21:03.300 [Ehrlich:] Six-oh-six. Sounds magical. A number to conjure with, six-oh-six, the magic number by which devils may be cast out of the bodies of men. 00:21:03.300 --> 00:21:11.170 Maybe. Whereas yet, ours is a theoretical triumph. The last step is yet to be taken. 00:21:11.170 --> 00:21:14.770 [Morgenroth:] If it cures man's nearest relation, surely it should cure man. 00:21:14.770 --> 00:21:23.520 [Ehrlich:] I'm afraid it's not so simple as you think. If we injected humans with unfortunate results, our specific may be damned from its inception. 00:21:23.520 --> 00:21:27.290 [Man 12:] How can you afford it? 00:21:27.290 --> 00:21:43.240 [Ehrlich:] Proceed with the utmost secrecy. Should the unexpected occur in the first human experiment, I want your promises that the outside world will never know. 00:21:43.240 --> 00:21:44.090 [Kraus:] But Herr Professor... 00:21:44.090 --> 00:21:49.430 [Ehrlich:] We'll discuss the details tomorrow. 00:21:49.430 --> 00:21:52.590 [Ehrlich:] Cartwright, my hat and coat. 00:21:52.590 --> 00:21:57.220 [Ehrlich:] Oh, if you want to take the afternoon off, I'll never know. [Laughter] 00:21:57.220 --> 00:22:01.140 [ Background music ] 00:22:01.140 --> 00:22:13.660 [There followed more experiments -- and although Doctor Ehrlich began the testing of human beings with 606 with some misgiving, early trials demonstrated 606's remarkable powers.] 00:22:13.660 --> 00:22:24.140 [Lentz:] Attention. I've asked you here today hoping that out of your number a few would volunteer to undergo a new treatment for the disease that afflicts you. 00:22:24.140 --> 00:22:40.850 This new treatment involves some danger. Neither the hospital nor I personally can guarantee you any results whatsoever. Those who wish to volunteer hold up your hands. 00:22:40.850 --> 00:22:43.090 [Kellner:] Take me, doctor. 00:22:43.090 --> 00:22:45.250 [Lentz:] All right, Kellner. 00:22:45.250 --> 00:22:49.400 [Various men individually:] Take me, doctor. 00:22:49.400 --> 00:23:04.850 [Lentz:] Quiet, please, quiet. You, you... quiet please, quiet, quiet... you. That's all for the present. 00:23:12.680 --> 00:23:15.080 [Ehrlich:] What do you see? 00:23:15.080 --> 00:23:19.100 [Kellner:] Nothing clear, doctor. 00:23:19.100 --> 00:23:22.490 [Ehrlich:]Look out the window. Do you see it? 00:23:22.490 --> 00:23:30.500 [Kellner:] No. Only a blur. It hurts my eyes. 00:23:30.500 --> 00:23:36.460 [Background music] 00:23:36.460 --> 00:23:37.180 [Lentz:] Good morning, nurse. 00:23:37.180 --> 00:23:38.220 [Nurse:] Good morning, Dr. Lentz. 00:23:38.220 --> 00:23:39.200 [Lentz:] How is the patient today? 00:23:39.200 --> 00:23:41.860 [Nurse:] They're progressing very well. 00:23:41.860 --> 00:23:43.100 [Lentz:] Can you see?. 00:23:43.100 --> 00:23:45.630 [Kellner:] About the same. 00:23:45.630 --> 00:23:49.030 [Lentz:] Let me see the chart. 00:23:49.030 --> 00:24:00.470 [Background music. Man lying in bed opens his eyes wide and seems to express surprise.] 00:24:00.470 --> 00:24:02.410 [Lentz:] Good morning Nurse, how are the patients today? 00:24:02.410 --> 00:24:05.080 [Nurse:] Better, Dr. Lentz. Here are their charts. 00:24:05.080 --> 00:24:10.430 [Lentz:] Amazing, no signs of temperature. How is Kellner? 00:24:10.430 --> 00:24:11.910 [Nurse:] He seems to be improving. 00:24:11.910 --> 00:24:17.240 [Lentz:] Splendid. 00:24:17.240 --> 00:24:18.600 [Lentz:] Good Morning, [Kellner?]. 00:24:18.600 --> 00:24:22.430 [Kellner?:] Good morning, doctor. I can almost see you. 00:24:22.430 --> 00:24:32.830 [Lentz:] That's fine. Dr. Ehrlich will certainly be pleased when he comes here tomorrow. 00:24:32.830 --> 00:24:34.700 [Lentz:] [...through here, Dr. Ehrlich.]. 00:24:34.700 --> 00:24:35.760 [Ehrlich:] Where is Kellner? 00:24:35.760 --> 00:24:44.940 [Kellner:] Right here, doctor. 00:24:44.940 --> 00:24:51.260 [Ehrlich:] How do you feel, Kellner? 00:24:51.260 --> 00:25:04.940 [Kellner:] Dr. Ehrlich, I don't know how to thank you enough for being able to see again. Soon I'll be back at work and all that I make shall be yours. 00:25:04.940 --> 00:25:07.500 [Ehrlich:] Your complete recovery is all that I want. 00:25:07.500 --> 00:25:15.780 [Kellner:] Thank you, doctor. 00:25:15.780 --> 00:25:17.690 [Ehrlich:] Most satisfactory. 00:25:17.690 --> 00:25:21.930 [Lentz:] In these last days, my hospital has become a place of miracles. 00:25:21.930 --> 00:25:23.980 [ Background music ] 00:25:23.980 --> 00:25:27.730 [Sign in front of building reads, "Rhine Chemical Industries, Inc."] 00:25:27.730 --> 00:26:07.470 [Background music. Workers are shown producing the medicine in a factory, then boxing and shipping it to hospitals.] 00:26:07.470 --> 00:26:17.270 [Man 13:] Some news Herr Doctor: some 6,000 new orders have come in during the past week from all over the world. I shall have to enlarge my factory and double my staff in order to handle the demand. 00:26:17.270 --> 00:26:18.530 [Ehrlich:] I'm afraid. 00:26:18.530 --> 00:26:20.010 [Man 13:] Afraid? 00:26:20.010 --> 00:26:24.300 [Ehrlich:] There's no danger to the quality of the preparation we suffer in large-scale production? 00:26:24.300 --> 00:26:28.200 [Man 13:] I promise you we will keep the same high quality. 00:26:28.200 --> 00:26:33.950 [Ehrlich:] You won't forget to... [inaudible] samples... 00:26:33.950 --> 00:26:35.050 [Ehrlich collapses] 00:26:35.050 --> 00:26:38.220 [Man 13:] What's the matter? 00:26:38.220 --> 00:26:48.210 [Ehrlich is helped by others] 00:26:48.210 --> 00:26:49.500 [Ehrlich:] I'm all right. 00:26:49.500 --> 00:26:53.500 [Marquardt:] No Doctor, you are far from all right. 00:26:53.500 --> 00:26:56.750 [Background music] 00:26:56.750 --> 00:26:59.180 [Ehrlich:] I think it's all just a little dizziness. 00:26:59.180 --> 00:27:04.370 [Kraus:] No, no... you must stop work at once. Go away for a long rest. Really you must, doctor. 00:27:04.370 --> 00:27:09.060 [Ehrlich:] Yes, I shall go away. 00:27:09.060 --> 00:27:13.120 [Background music. Newspaper article title reads, "Dr. Ehrlich Reported Ill."] 00:27:13.120 --> 00:27:23.570 [Dr. Ehrlich is in bed ill and a group of men approach.] 00:27:23.570 --> 00:27:37.530 [Ehrlich:] There's a few things I want to talk over. 606 worked. We know it. The magic bullet will cure thousands. 00:27:37.530 --> 00:28:02.720 The principle upon which it works [inaudible] disease. Many others I think, but there can be no final victory over diseases of the body unless the diseases of the soul are also overcome. 00:28:02.720 --> 00:28:45.160 They feed upon each other, the diseases of the body, diseases of the soul. In days to come, there will be epidemics of greed, hate, ignorance. We must fight them in night as we fought syphilis in the laboratory. We must fight. Fight... never, never stop fighting. 00:28:45.160 --> 00:29:29.200 [ Background music. Ehrlich's head falls to the side and he closes his eyes. People slowly leave the room.] 00:29:29.200 --> 00:29:42.440 [Ehrlich's wife goes to the door of the bedroom, enters, and slowly closes the door behind her.] 00:29:42.440 --> 00:30:02.290 [Today, a quarter of a century after Paul Ehrlich's death, it is common knowledge that not only syphilis but many other diseases as well can be cured by his principle of chemical therapy. Through it millions of lives have been saved.]