WEBVTT

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[Film leader]

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[Film Associates presents]

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[Seagulls calling
and waves crashing]

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[Smoking & health: a report to youth]

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[Narrator:] Have you ever
wondered about smoking?

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Like everyone-- [Film skips]

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[Up-tempo music]

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[TV spokeswoman:] Want
to be young again?

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To be in love--

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[Couple on the beach]

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[Ad music continues]

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Change to Spray, the new
cigarette for young Americans.

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[Cigarette pack zooms out]

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[Spray-- the cigarette
for young Americans]

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[Narrator:] Perhaps you've
also read the warning

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on cigarette packs now required
by the United States government

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on all commercially
produced cigarettes.

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[Caution: cigarette smoking
may be hazardous to you health]

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You hear much talk these
days about cigarettes

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and their effects on health.

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Parents are talking,
but so are others.

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The United States surgeon
general, for instance,

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issued a report that
caused much national alarm.

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It caused people of all
ages to think seriously

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about their habit of smoking
and about their health.

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Young people, people
in high schools,

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have most to lose because
they have most of the health.

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[Music, "Feelin' Groovy" Simon & Garfunkel]
"And you got no rhymes for me?

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Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy

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[Narrator:] But obviously,
nobody falls over dead

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when he smokes a cigarette.

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You know lots of
people who smoke.

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You yourself may even smoke.

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Some people who don't smoke
have gotten lung cancer.

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Although this is not common,
it does add to the confusion.

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Well, what are the facts?

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Just what do we know about
smoking and its hazards

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to health?

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[Teens tossing a football]

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What effect does smoking
have on the body?

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[Animation with lungs
being highlighted]

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Air first comes through the
mouth or nose into the trachea.

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Here it is divided into
two bronchial tubes which

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carry the air into the lungs.

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The diaphragm is a sheet of
muscles just beneath the lungs

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that serves as a sort
of pump or bellows.

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The air is pumped into the
lungs by the downward movement

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of the muscles.

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It works automatically.

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We never have to think about it.

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Inside, on the walls of
the trachea, are the cilia.

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They are microscopic in size.

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But if we enlarge them
thousands of times,

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we would see that they
look very much like wheat

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waving in a field.

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Their purpose is to clean the
air, sweeping dust, pollen,

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and bacteria back
into the throat

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so they can eventually
be brought to the mouth.

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This is what happens when
a person clears his throat.

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This cleaning process is
aided by a very thin layer

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of mucus, which is constantly
carried forward by the cilia.

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Here you can see the
foreign particles

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falling onto the mucus
and being swept forward,

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much like debris swept by
ocean waves towards the beach.

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[Ocean waves washing inland]

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[Detailed drawing of lungs]

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Deep inside each of the lungs is
where air gets into the blood.

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The lung is not hollow as many
people think, but contains

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small pouches called alveoli.

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[Ticking sound]

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The wall of each alveolus
serves as a special membrane

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through which oxygen
enters the blood and carbon

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dioxide leaves it.

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The total outside
dimension of the lung

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is not the important factor.

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It is the vast membrane
area of all the walls

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of all the alveoli that
gives us the necessary space

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to properly exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Scientists have calculated that
if alveoli in a healthy lung

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were broken apart and
placed side by side,

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they would cover an area equal
to the size of this regulation

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tennis court.

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If a group of
alveoli in the lungs

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were removed or
destroyed,

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[Alerting sound effect]

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the amount of membrane area
available to the lung

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would be immediately reduced.

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You have seen how each part
of the respiratory system

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does its own individual job.

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[Heart beating sounds]

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But let's go back to
our original question.

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Is smoking actually harmful?

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[Traffic sounds]

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Smoke, like a number of
other things, is an irritant.

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All irritants that enter our
breeding system are harmful.

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[Jet engine]

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[Rubbish can fire]

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[Incinerator stacks
spewing smoke]

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[Man lighting-up]

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But smoking is by
far the most harmful.

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It not only tends
to put the greatest

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number of foreign particles
in our lungs at any one time,

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but these smoke particles
are also smaller.

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And it is more difficult
to prevent them

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from reaching the lungs.

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To prove this to yourself in
a simple experiment, try this.

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Light a cigarette and place
a thickness of tissue paper

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over the other end.

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The dark spot you see was caused
by millions of tiny particles

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contained in the smoke.

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There is no way to keep
these irritating particles

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from getting to the
lungs, even with a filter.

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[Tissue paper passed around]

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What do these irritants
do to our breathing?

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Since the trachea
and the bronchi

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are the first parts
of the system that

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receive the irritant
or smoke, they

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are the first parts
that are damaged.

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Remember the cilia
fibers and their job

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of keeping the trachea clean?

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As these excessive gases
and particles increased,

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the action of the cilia
fibers slows down.

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Over a period of time, they
gradually wither and die.

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[Winding down sound fades out]

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[Glass breaking]

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[Light wind chime tinkle]

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Meanwhile, the
bronchial tubes are

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receiving those
foreign particles

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that the cilia couldn't stop.

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[Light wind chime tinkle]

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They, in turn, become inflamed,
representing an early stage

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of chronic bronchitis, or as
it is sometimes more popularly

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called, smoker's cough.

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[Coughing]

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[Light traffic, various people
holding cigarettes]

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Although it takes
years for the lungs

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to become permanently
damaged, this

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is definitely the beginning.

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Also, nicotine and
other impurities

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are now entering the
bloodstream by way of the lungs.

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And these, like
all other poisons,

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will cause harm to the body.

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What effect does
all of this actually

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have on a person's life?

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The first effects
a smoker notices

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are relatively
minor, nothing more

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than a slight cough
or raw throat.

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[Man shuffling through
record albums]

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[Alarm clock buzzing]

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He will also probably
experience heavy coughing

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upon awakening in the morning.

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This is his body's effort
to remove the mucus built up

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overnight in the
trachea and bronchi,

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a job usually done
automatically by the cilia,

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but now impossible due to
their damage from smoking.

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Later, if he
continues to smoke, he

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may notice an actual
decrease in physical stamina.

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This doesn't mean that he
can't join in athletics.

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You probably know
many smokers who do.

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But most athletes
agree that smoking

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does impair endurance
and the ability

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to excel in top competition.

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[Water splashing]

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An outstanding swimmer
will still be good,

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but he can lose
the expert breath

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control needed to shave off
those extra winning seconds.

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[Splashing]

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He may let the team down.

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[Woman running
to catch a cab]

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Although this effect first
becomes evident with athletes,

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it is not limited to them.

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Others notice it too, especially
as their smoking increases.

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These are early symptoms in
the lives of most smokers,

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only the beginning.

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[Footsteps]

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Bronchitis is
beginning to set in.

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Chronic bronchitis is much
more common and dangerous

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than is generally known.

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As people continue to smoke,
the constant irritation

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causes permanent damage to
body tissues, particularly

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the lungs.

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If we could see them,
they would appear

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to be literally sprinkled
with tobacco stains,

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much the same as the dark
spot in the tissue made

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by the cigarette in
our earlier experiment.

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The even more
crippling condition

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called emphysema is the
result of the breakdown

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in the alveoli.

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When this happens,
there are fewer walls

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left for this exchange.
[Bubble pops]

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Remember our tennis court?

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Breathing capacity
has now been cut.

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[Bubble pops]

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As more and more of
the lung is destroyed,

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the smoker gets short of breath
even with smaller amounts

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of exertion.

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Now normal daily activities
can become major problems.

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[Heartbeat sound]

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The person is forced
to seek medical advice.

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If he seeks it soon enough
and follows it carefully

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his condition can
sometimes be stopped

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from growing worse,
but unfortunately not

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completely healed.

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[Heartbeat sound]

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Much of the harm already done
to the body is now permanent.

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And he must learn
to live with it.

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[Heartbeat sound]

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If he fails to quit smoking
and to follow medical advice,

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he will push this condition
until he can no longer remain

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on his feet.

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The almost inevitable
result is death.

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[Physician:] As a physician with
the Public Health Service,

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I work with patients with
bronchitis and emphysema.

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In advanced stages
of the diseases,

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we see them in
intensive care units.

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They need mechanical aids
and oxygen to even survive.

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[Physician's footsteps]

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One usually thinks of bronchitis
and emphysema in relation

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to old people.

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And to a great
extent, this is true.

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However, we're seeing younger
people with bronchitis

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and emphysema so
severe that they

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do require hospitalization.

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I've seen hundreds
of these patients.

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And I don't really have
to ask whether they've

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been heavy smokers or not.

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The answer is always the same.

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They have been.

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[Indiscriminate chatter]

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[Elevator opens, then dings]

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[Aids roll out a gurney]

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[Narrator:] This man
has lung cancer.

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Is it because he
was a heavy smoker?

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Probably.

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Statistics indicate an extremely
high causal relationship

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between lung cancer and smoking.

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[Surgical suite doors open]

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[River water flowing]

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What is the answer?

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Science has demonstrated
a definite relationship

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between smoking
and lung disease.

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The evidence is overwhelming.

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No doubt, some of you who
smoke don't intend to stop.

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Will you get lung disease?

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Chances are that you will.

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[Teens climbing on river rocks]

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Are you willing to
take that chance?

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[Boys swimming]

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[Group sitting on rocks]

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[Music, "59th Stret Bridge Song" by Simon and Garfunkel]

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[Smoking & health: a report to youth]

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[Credits]

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[Singing] Slow down,
you move too fast,

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you got to make
the morning last.

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Just kickin down the
cobblestones, looking for fun

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and feeling groovy.

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Ba da da da da da
feeling groovy.

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Hello, lamp post,
what you knowing?

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I come to watch your
flowers growing.

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Ain't you got no
rhymes for me?

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Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy

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Ba da da da da da
da feeling groovy.

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[Fade to black]

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[End trailer]