WEBVTT 00:00:00.166 --> 00:00:04.999 Joslin, Best and diabetes. 1963, Length: 00:27:03, Color, Sound. 16 mm to Beta SP 00:00:05.000 --> 00:00:20.833 [...] 00:00:20.833 --> 00:00:24.733 [ Music ] 00:00:24.733 --> 00:00:34.333 [Narrator:] It's rare indeed that these two world-famous men can be brought together in a film. Dr. Joslin died in 1962 at the age of 93. 00:00:34.333 --> 00:00:44.999 But, fortunately, Dr. Best, who with Dr. Banting discovered insulin, is still with us. When one realizes that there are some 1 and 1/2 million 00:00:45.000 --> 00:00:54.200 diabetics in United States, and another like amount yet undiscovered, or when at any time you or a member of your family can be afflicted with 00:00:54.200 --> 00:01:03.700 this disease, then and then only can one comprehend the full value of the contributions of Dr. Joslin, who devoted a lifetime to perfecting the 00:01:03.700 --> 00:01:10.866 treatment of diabetes, and of Dr. Best the co-discoverer of life-giving insulin. 00:01:10.866 --> 00:01:19.699 [Dr. Root:] Whether you boys know Dr. Best--Dr. Charles Best, who's coming here today, is the famous doctor who was the co-discoverer 00:01:19.700 --> 00:01:30.833 with Sir Frederick Banting of insulin 40 years ago. He's coming here to take part and to speak at the Elliott P. Joslin Memorial in Oxford. 00:01:30.833 --> 00:01:33.799 He was a friend of Dr. Joslin's for many years. 00:01:33.800 --> 00:01:37.833 [Howey:] Dr. Joslin was my doctor. He was great. 00:01:37.833 --> 00:01:46.333 I don't know? I know he was an old man and yet, somehow, he wasn't like a lot of other old people. 00:01:46.333 --> 00:01:53.633 [Dr. Root:] Well, he was 93 when he died.[Scott:] Yes, but he was always asking questions 00:01:53.633 --> 00:01:59.333 about our diabetes. Why, he even visited us here at camp just the summer before. 00:01:59.333 --> 00:02:01.666 [ Car horn ] 00:02:01.666 --> 00:02:07.066 [ Music ] 00:02:07.066 --> 00:02:18.332 [Dr. Best:] Dr. Garmin, I know that you and I agree on the tremendous importance of teaching these boys good control of their diabetes. 00:02:18.333 --> 00:02:24.466 As a matter of fact, you should set them a pretty good example; I think. You had diabetes yourself. 00:02:24.466 --> 00:02:31.499 [Dr. Garmin] Well, there are three things Dr. Best. First, the very close care that my mother gave me when I was a child. 00:02:31.500 --> 00:02:39.866 And second, the almost imperceptible transfer of responsibility during my adolescence. 00:02:39.866 --> 00:02:47.966 And finally, the factor common at all times was the close association and friendship with my physician. 00:02:47.966 --> 00:02:53.866 [Dr. Root:] Dr. Best, I would like to have you meet one of Dr. Joslin's former patients; Scott Currier. 00:02:53.866 --> 00:02:57.232 [Dr. Best:] Scott. How did you happen to come to this camp? 00:02:57.233 --> 00:03:04.599 [Scott:] Dr. White. She's at the clinic too.She suggested it to my folks. Dr. Joslin always 00:03:04.600 --> 00:03:09.000 used to tell me how important it was to take care of my own diabetes. 00:03:09.000 --> 00:03:16.733 [Howey:] He told everyone that. That's one reason he started the camp: to teach diabetics how to take care of themselves. 00:03:16.733 --> 00:03:23.999 [Dr. Joslin:] We have had a wonderful group of patients. To all of those who had lived longer with 00:03:24.000 --> 00:03:34.466 their diabetes and they were expected to live if they didn't have it, Ms. Amelia Peabody made a life expectancy medal. 00:03:34.466 --> 00:03:49.899 This was given and now we even took two or three thousand patients. And they have cherished it because it showed how faithfully they had lived. 00:03:49.900 --> 00:04:04.000 But so many of them obtained it that later we had another medal for patients. And this was given to those who after 25 years of the disease; 00:04:04.000 --> 00:04:16.233 had perfect blood vessels, perfect eyesight, and perfect kidneys, and were generally sound in health. 00:04:16.233 --> 00:04:33.499 Of these, we have had now some 98 patients. Not one who has obtained this medal of perfection, ever was able to obtain it unless he 00:04:33.500 --> 00:04:41.100 had followed treatment meticulously just as [inaudible] and Alan prescribed. 00:04:41.100 --> 00:04:45.866 [Dr. Best:] Scott, what do you mean when you say take care of yourself? 00:04:45.866 --> 00:04:51.099 [Howey:] Well, I think I can show you better. Come on over to the clinic, we'll show you. 00:04:51.100 --> 00:05:00.033 Hey, tell Stevie to come here a minute. Steve is the youngest boy in camp who takes his own insulin injection, Dr. Best. 00:05:00.033 --> 00:05:03.799 He's only seven and already he's learned to take care of himself this way. 00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:07.600 [Camp staffer:] Okay, boys.[Steve:] What you want? I got to take my shot! 00:05:07.600 --> 00:05:31.366 [Howey:] Hey, Steve, how about giving Dr. Best a performance? 00:05:31.366 --> 00:05:36.999 [Steve:] Well, that's that. Me and Art have to go and eat. 00:05:37.000 --> 00:05:46.666 [Howey:] He's a cute kid but, boy, he can be a pill. Now we'll never hear the end of it: "I shot myself for Dr. Best." 00:05:46.666 --> 00:05:52.199 [Scott:] Years ago when doctors didn't know what they know now, the kids just didn't get very tall. 00:05:52.200 --> 00:05:56.200 [Howey:] Sure, I know that. They used to call them diabetic dwarfs. 00:05:56.200 --> 00:06:04.600 [Scott:] It was because they didn't get enough protein in their diet. Now we know we must take care of our height, our weight, as well as our diet. 00:06:04.600 --> 00:06:10.666 [Dr. Best:] You mean that you weigh and measure your food and know how to prepare it? 00:06:10.666 --> 00:06:19.299 [Scott:] Here, let me show you in the diet kitchen. I have a diet of so much fat, protein, and carbohydrate and I use one of these scales 00:06:19.300 --> 00:06:25.533 to measure it. I check myself about once a week now but I've been doing it for so long, 00:06:25.533 --> 00:06:31.399 I think my estimates are perfectly all right; at least the doctor and the dietitian think so. 00:06:31.400 --> 00:06:40.700 [Dr. Best:] Do you find, Scott, that it takes a lot of time to weigh your food and take your insulin shots? Do you find it hard to do? 00:06:40.700 --> 00:06:47.400 [Scott:] Well, at first it was sort of a hard thing and then I became used to it. And now it's nothing at all. 00:06:47.400 --> 00:06:51.000 [Howey:] It's really not even as hard as seventh-grade math. 00:06:51.000 --> 00:07:00.300 [Scott:] Hi, Betty. I was just showing Dr. Best how we weigh and measure our food; the kind of thing that Dr. Joslin used to teach us. 00:07:00.300 --> 00:07:06.100 [Betty:] He was always interested in the children knowing how to do these things. Howey, where's Beetle. 00:07:06.100 --> 00:07:10.400 [Howey:] I think he's down by the lake.[Betty:] Well, when you see him, would you give 00:07:10.400 --> 00:07:16.133 this to him? [Howey:] Wow! Sure! This is for Beetle Daws. 00:07:16.133 --> 00:07:21.899 He's bugs about bugs.[Scott:] You know, the camp is for fun too. 00:07:21.900 --> 00:07:27.300 We do everything they do at any camp. You don't have to feel you're sitting on a bench if you're diabetic. 00:07:27.300 --> 00:08:11.133 [ Music and clapping ] 00:08:11.133 --> 00:08:17.399 [Dr. Best:] You know boys with all this activity around the camp, makes me think of another one of Dr. Joslin's great interests. 00:08:17.400 --> 00:08:23.100 He was always trying to find out the influence of exercise on diabetes. 00:08:23.100 --> 00:08:30.733 [Dr. Joslin:] Now, [inaudible] found this. And this puzzled him and embarrassed him. 00:08:30.733 --> 00:08:42.999 He found that the patients to whom he gave a diet--the same diet that he had in the hospital--and sent them home, that they did better when they 00:08:43.000 --> 00:08:53.533 were away from him at home on their farms than when he had them in a hospital. And it finally dawned upon him 00:08:53.533 --> 00:09:00.499 that exercise was the reason for it.[Dr. Best:] Thank you, Scott. 00:09:00.500 --> 00:09:06.200 Thank you, too, for acting as the host at the camp for us today. 00:09:06.200 --> 00:09:15.100 [Howey:] There's a girls' camp, the Clara Barton camp, that has a program just like ours. Boy, won't they flip when they find out that you've been here and not there. 00:09:15.100 --> 00:09:22.266 [Dr. Best:] Well, as matter of fact, I'm going over to the Clara Barton camp tomorrow after the dedication. 00:09:22.266 --> 00:09:28.199 Are you boys going to be at the dedication?[Scott:] You bet! I wouldn't miss that for anything. [Howey:] Me too. 00:09:28.200 --> 00:09:38.000 [ Music ] 00:09:38.000 --> 00:09:46.300 [Dr. Root:] We are meant today to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the founding of Oxford, Massachusetts. 00:09:46.300 --> 00:09:54.566 In this city were born two persons who achieved distinction by their service to humanity. 00:09:54.566 --> 00:10:05.999 Clara Barton. Born in Oxford in 1821. She brought about the formation of the United States branch of the International Red Cross. 00:10:06.000 --> 00:10:16.266 Dr. Elliott P. Joslin, born here in 1869, became a professor of medicine, a distinguished physician and known the world over for his teachings 00:10:16.266 --> 00:10:21.666 in diabetes. But my real privilege today is the introduction of Dr. Charles H. Best. 00:10:21.666 --> 00:10:29.866 [Dr. Best:] Thank you Dr. Root. I enjoyed every time I ever met Dr. Elliott P. Joslin. 00:10:29.866 --> 00:10:35.699 And I'm delighted to have this opportunity to pay a tribute to his memory. 00:10:35.700 --> 00:11:05.000 [ Music ] 00:11:05.000 --> 00:11:13.066 [Susie:] Dr. Best, many of us knew Dr. Joslin rather well too. And your speech at Oxford really meant a lot to us. Some of the things you said 00:11:13.066 --> 00:11:18.032 were just the way we felt about him. [Dr. Best:] Thank you, Susie. Dr. Joslin knew 00:11:18.033 --> 00:11:24.066 how to say things wonderfully well.I've enjoyed having the tour of the Clara Barton 00:11:24.066 --> 00:11:29.732 camp with you three girls. And I'm amazed at how many things you've learned to do well. 00:11:29.733 --> 00:11:36.933 [Cathy:] We've been wondering just what did happen to the children in the days before insulin? What was it like? 00:11:36.933 --> 00:11:45.966 [Dr. Best:] Well, Cathy, there were thousands of years after diabetes was discovered when there wasn't much you could do for children. 00:11:45.966 --> 00:11:55.232 You fed them as little as possible and they lived for a time. Then in 1921 and 22, when we had insulin, 00:11:55.233 --> 00:11:59.866 the first children did very well. But we didn't have much insulin. 00:11:59.866 --> 00:12:09.999 And with one or two of the children, we ran out of insulin and we lost a little girl. One little girl and one boy. 00:12:10.000 --> 00:12:14.133 [Susie:] You know, Dr. Best, that Dr. Joslin took care of my mother? 00:12:14.133 --> 00:12:17.333 [Dr. Best:] Yeah.[Susie:] In fact he warned her that I had a good 00:12:17.333 --> 00:12:23.899 chance of becoming a diabetic.[Dr. Best:] Yes, we know Susie that diabetes does run in families 00:12:23.900 --> 00:12:32.333 and it's passed down from the mother or the father to some of the children. Linda, someone told me that you've been in the 00:12:32.333 --> 00:12:36.366 camp here for seven summers. You'd come for seven summers. 00:12:36.366 --> 00:12:39.299 [Linda:] Yes, I've been coming to Clara Barton for seven summers now. 00:12:39.300 --> 00:12:44.066 [Dr. Best:] And what are your parents think about your coming? Do you think that they're very pleased? 00:12:44.066 --> 00:12:48.066 Have you learned something that gives them satisfaction? 00:12:48.066 --> 00:12:50.499 [Linda:] Yes. They're pleased that I've come to camp. 00:12:50.500 --> 00:12:57.666 Because by coming to camp, I've learned to take care of myself by adjusting my diet and my insulin. Taking the right amount of exercise so I 00:12:57.666 --> 00:13:00.832 can control my diabetes by myself.[Dr. Best:] Yeah. 00:13:00.833 --> 00:13:04.799 [Linda:] Which puts them at ease. Because when I go away from home, they won't have to worry about me. 00:13:04.800 --> 00:13:09.800 [Dr. Best:] Well, I think you're right, Linda. This is a wonderful camp. 00:13:09.800 --> 00:13:19.966 I've been to a lot of other camps. And after thinking about them, I feel that they do a great deal not only for the children but for the parents. 00:13:19.966 --> 00:13:30.632 Well, girls, Dr. Joslin was very much interested in these diabetic camps too. He used to talk about them when I saw him in Boston. 00:13:30.633 --> 00:13:37.899 And I remember he mentioned them when came to Toronto to see the opening of our research institute. 00:13:37.900 --> 00:13:48.066 Dr. Joslin was interested in investigation, you know, research. And he was interested in the camps. And he told us at that time 00:13:48.066 --> 00:13:55.832 that he hoped someday he'd have a wonderful clinic where he could do all or many things that he had in his mind to do for diabetics. 00:13:55.833 --> 00:14:03.499 Well, as you know, that clinic really has come into being and I hope to go there again tomorrow. 00:14:03.500 --> 00:14:18.733 [Dr. Joslin:] To predict the future diabetic: we hope to erect in Boston a hospital teaching clinic in which ambulatory diabetics can return at much 00:14:18.733 --> 00:14:35.233 less than regular hospital costs--fully a third less--receive instruction, encouragement, and such development of character that life and health 00:14:35.233 --> 00:14:43.433 hither to unrecorded for diabetics will be obtained. 00:14:43.433 --> 00:14:57.599 [ Music ] 00:14:57.600 --> 00:15:07.900 [Dr. Best:] It's nearly 10 years ago now since Dr. Joslin came to Toronto to take part in the opening of the institute which they named after me. 00:15:07.900 --> 00:15:14.666 Two years later, the cornerstone of this Joslin clinic was laid. 00:15:14.666 --> 00:15:23.332 and here we are now in the completed clinic which Dr. Joslin had so much desired. 00:15:23.333 --> 00:15:34.966 [Dr. Root:] Yes, Dr. Best. This clinic has fulfilled not only the ideals which he expressed there in founding your institute, but also the hopes which 00:15:34.966 --> 00:15:39.299 you know he had as long ago as 1922 when you first came to Boston. 00:15:39.300 --> 00:15:50.566 And here are the opportunities for training patients an adequate and proper diet is more important today in the treatment of diabetes than 00:15:50.566 --> 00:16:01.032 ever before. And here we emphasize the doctors teaching patients how to measure and evaluate food. 00:16:01.033 --> 00:16:12.399 When a child develops diabetes, it helps tremendously if the child and her mother can together in the same room be treated and the 00:16:12.400 --> 00:16:23.833 mother learn firsthand the best methods for the care of that child. Perhaps the most important single thing for a diabetic patient to learn is how to 00:16:23.833 --> 00:16:31.499 test the urine for sugar and when to do it. One important aspect of our program is the 00:16:31.500 --> 00:16:42.700 doctors' teaching of patients. Mrs. Cohan. You have known the teaching and training in diabetes over many years which Dr. Joslin inculcated. 00:16:42.700 --> 00:16:49.333 May I ask you how you feel about it?[Mrs. Cohan:] When I first came here 25 years 00:16:49.333 --> 00:16:59.799 ago with my daughter, who was then a child diabetic and myself; I was worried, alarmed, tortured how I was going to care for both herself 00:16:59.800 --> 00:17:07.733 and myself. After being a week at the clinic in the teaching unit, I learned how to take care of us. 00:17:07.733 --> 00:17:19.433 I learned all about diet and food, exercise, the care of the infant to such a great degree that I was completely in confidence. I had the absolute 00:17:19.433 --> 00:17:23.433 confidence that I can go home and take care of all my problems. 00:17:23.433 --> 00:17:29.833 My fears were gone, and I felt that I could do all that was necessary for the best for both of us. 00:17:29.833 --> 00:17:35.399 [Woman speaker 1:] Can you have diabetes without having any apparent symptoms? 00:17:35.400 --> 00:17:43.600 [Dr. Krall:] Why, yes, of course. Very early in diabetes sometimes there are no symptoms and you have to find elevated blood sugars or urine 00:17:43.600 --> 00:17:46.833 sugars.[Male speaker 1:] Is necessary to keep insulin in 00:17:46.833 --> 00:17:49.699 the refrigerator?[Dr. Krall:] The insulin you are storing should be 00:17:49.700 --> 00:17:53.566 kept in the refrigerator. But the insulin that you're using can be kept at room temperature. 00:17:53.566 --> 00:18:01.532 [Woman speaker 2:] If one member of the family has diabetes, should the other members of the same family be checked? 00:18:01.533 --> 00:18:09.299 [Dr. Krall:] Why, certainly. Diabetes has hereditary tendencies and other members of family should be checked particularly those who 00:18:09.300 --> 00:18:13.566 are overweight; if any.[Male speaker 2:] These pills sound exciting. 00:18:13.566 --> 00:18:18.032 Can all diabetics use these pills?[Dr. Krall:] No, I'm afraid not. While many of the 00:18:18.033 --> 00:18:26.133 diabetics who are milder get by with pills perfectly well, most diabetics and certainly more severe ones still require insulin. 00:18:26.133 --> 00:18:35.333 [Dr. Best:] We all agree that one of the most important things in looking after diabetics is to teach them. I know that this has done 00:18:35.333 --> 00:18:41.633 extremely well in the clinic here. I've seen Dr. Joslin, Hugh Howard and many others 00:18:41.633 --> 00:18:52.333 giving a great deal of their time to patient education. Dr. Root, I know that Dr. Joslin has been interested for many, many years in training 00:18:52.333 --> 00:18:58.199 physicians in the various aspects of diabetes.And that they've come to him from all over the world. 00:18:58.200 --> 00:19:02.733 [Dr. Root:] Yes. And today we have a group of doctors from many countries 00:19:02.733 --> 00:19:08.933 in various types of training. In fact, they have a number of questions to ask you, Dr. Best. 00:19:08.933 --> 00:19:17.133 [Doctor 1:] I've always wondered, Dr. Best, how you happen to find insulin and many other researchers have failed? 00:19:17.133 --> 00:19:28.233 [Dr. Best:] I suppose there's an element of good fortune and all successful research. We had several assets really. 00:19:28.233 --> 00:19:34.166 We had good surgery. Fred Banting was an excellent surgeon. 00:19:34.166 --> 00:19:45.832 And then we had the micro methods for doing blood sugar which all our predecessors had lacked. And then we had youth. 00:19:45.833 --> 00:19:49.266 We weren't too much concerned about what happened before we started. 00:19:49.266 --> 00:19:56.232 [Doctor 2:] Dr. Best, you have a long-range picture of the diabetes mellitus problem. Could you tell us what advances you hope will be made 00:19:56.233 --> 00:20:01.766 for the diabetic patient in the next 10 years?[Dr. Best:] Well, of course, no one can be 00:20:01.766 --> 00:20:13.432 completely certain about any research problem--about the solution of any research problem until it's actually accomplish. But I think the indications 00:20:13.433 --> 00:20:19.433 are that we will have synthetic insulin.It won't be any different perhaps in potency than 00:20:19.433 --> 00:20:26.399 the natural insulin. But we're going to need some day more insulin than you can make from natural sources. 00:20:26.400 --> 00:20:35.566 [Doctor 3] I think we all like to be interested, Dr. Best, to know how you went about getting the first insulin and also getting enough of it? 00:20:35.566 --> 00:20:44.332 [Dr. Best:] Well, our first insulin was made from dog pancreas. It was very good material, but of course you can't collect a lot of pancreas from 00:20:44.333 --> 00:20:50.466 dogs. Then we went to beef pancreas. And this proved to be an excellent source. 00:20:50.466 --> 00:20:56.599 We had to change the technique of extraction a bit, use different strengths of alcohol and acid, 00:20:56.600 --> 00:21:01.966 and so on. But the main problem at that time was to get into large-scale production. 00:21:01.966 --> 00:21:11.466 We did some of the preliminary work in the University of Toronto, but we were fortunate to have the cooperation of one of the great family 00:21:11.466 --> 00:21:21.366 companies in the United States the Eli Lily company. And their engineers were expert in doing the sort of thing that needed to be done. 00:21:21.366 --> 00:21:31.732 I remember that I went there nine times in the first year to try to tell them what I knew. And they taught us a very great deal. 00:21:31.733 --> 00:21:42.633 And I think the insulin committee of the University of Toronto was very happy that we selected the Eli Lily company to work with us for the first 00:21:42.633 --> 00:21:49.533 preliminary difficult year in the large-scale production of insulin. 00:21:49.533 --> 00:22:02.233 [Doctor 4:] Dr. Best, in your travel around the world, do you find the society of free people developing programs in the field of diabetes? 00:22:02.233 --> 00:22:12.033 [Dr. Best:] Well, Dr. Joslin and I had the honor of being the first honorary presidents of the International Diabetes Federation. 00:22:12.033 --> 00:22:18.899 And over the years, I've been in a great many countries where societies devoted to the interest of diabetics have been formed. 00:22:18.900 --> 00:22:27.533 In some countries, these societies are doing a wonderful work. And in others, of course, it's slow. 00:22:27.533 --> 00:22:39.833 But the idea of the International Diabetes Federation is to use the knowledge gained in the more active countries and to apply this in the 00:22:39.833 --> 00:22:50.133 effort to help those countries which are not so fortunate. Dr. Lozano, you're finishing your two years here in the clinic and you're going back to 00:22:50.133 --> 00:22:54.466 Mexico. Do you feel that you will be able to apply a lot of 00:22:54.466 --> 00:22:57.732 the new information which you gained while you were here? 00:22:57.733 --> 00:23:08.199 [Dr. Lozano:] Yes, I do. I will work in the Hospital of Nutrition Disease where, like many other places in Mexico, we have a high standard of medicine. 00:23:08.200 --> 00:23:19.233 Of course, there are areas in Latin America as in other parts of the world where getting enough food for the children is a special problem. 00:23:19.233 --> 00:23:25.066 [Dr. Root:] And finally, now, his best hope: his deepest hope: 00:23:25.066 --> 00:23:36.832 a new laboratory for research. One of Dr. Joslin's most absorbing interest in the last 20 years has been the study and prevention 00:23:36.833 --> 00:23:40.533 of blood vessel disease. Dr. Reese, you are conducting research in this field. 00:23:40.533 --> 00:23:45.433 Tell us about it.[Dr. Reese:] Our research has been directed at 00:23:45.433 --> 00:23:55.066 the relationship between the control of diabetes and the progression of small blood vessel disease. 00:23:55.066 --> 00:24:00.499 Studies today clearly indicate that good control retards the progression of small blood vessel disease in diabetes. 00:24:00.500 --> 00:24:10.933 Another aspect of our research focuses upon the blood vessels of children who have a high index or chance of developing diabetes. 00:24:10.933 --> 00:24:19.133 With this camera, we can pick up abnormalities a blood vessel before there's any evidence of diabetes by the usual clinical criteria. 00:24:19.133 --> 00:24:33.266 [Dr. Best:] I suppose, Dr. Root, that this clinic has a very special meaning for you personally. You are Dr. Joslin's first associate, 00:24:33.266 --> 00:24:37.832 and I believe that you gave the first dose of insulin that was administered in New England. 00:24:37.833 --> 00:24:43.766 [Dr. Root:] Yes, Charlie. But let me say this...eEven before the discovery of insulin, 00:24:43.766 --> 00:24:52.132 Dr. Joslin had demonstrated that devotion to the care of the patient. That keen interest in learning and in teaching. 00:24:52.133 --> 00:25:05.666 When we learned that you and Dr. Banting had each given yourselves a dose of insulin, although neither of you had diabetes 00:25:05.666 --> 00:25:10.032 [Dr. Best:] Right.[Dr. Root:] I should not have been so terrified as I 00:25:10.033 --> 00:25:21.333 was on that day on August 7, 1922 when there stood before me this frail nurse. The diabetes which had reduced her weight from 135 pounds 00:25:21.333 --> 00:25:24.433 to 65 pounds. How much insulin should I give her? 00:25:24.433 --> 00:25:27.799 [Dr. Best:] How much did you actually give her?[Dr. Root:] I have to admit, Charlie, I gave her one unit and my heart beat. 00:25:27.800 --> 00:25:33.200 [Dr. Best:] Yeah. 00:25:33.200 --> 00:25:39.533 [Dr. Root:] And there, there she is. The nurse who learned to give insulin. 00:25:39.533 --> 00:25:42.633 She was then the lovely Ms. Peterson. And now Mrs. Simons. 00:25:42.633 --> 00:25:47.333 Mrs. Simons, what do you remember of that period in 1922? 00:25:47.333 --> 00:25:55.899 [Mrs. Simons:] I remember particularly the children because they started to grow and thrive and live happily. 00:25:55.900 --> 00:26:07.233 [Dr. Root:] And in those next months, she was the nurse first instructed to teach the administration of insulin among the nurses 00:26:07.233 --> 00:26:10.299 [Dr. Best:] Yes.[Dr. Root:] of the Deacons Hospital. 00:26:10.300 --> 00:26:19.066 [Dr. Best:] Dr. Elliott Proctor Joslin was one of the greatest men whom I've ever known. I heard his name when I was seven years old. 00:26:19.066 --> 00:26:30.332 I met him in Toronto in 1922 and I was in very close touch with him throughout the rest of his life. I'm sure that I speak for everyone who's 00:26:30.333 --> 00:26:34.799 taken a part in making this record. We all feel highly honored. 00:26:34.800 --> 00:26:45.633 [Narrator:] And so, since 1922, with the discovery of insulin by doctors Banting and Best and the leadership of Dr. Elliott P Joslin 00:26:45.633 --> 00:26:56.733 in development of a program of patient care, there has evolved a new life; a normal life for millions of diabetics and their families. 00:26:56.733 --> 00:27:03.799 [ All singing ]