April 2008 SQUEEZED: How Costs for Insuring Families are Outpacing Income a State-by-state analysis Prepared for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation by researchers at the State Health Access Data Assistance Center, University of Minnesota — Using data from the U.S. Census Bureau (2001–2002 & 2006–2007) and the Medicare Expenditure Panel Survey, conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2000, 2001 & 2005). Embargoed until April 29, 2008 — 12:01 AM (ET) This report is being released in conjunction with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s (RWJF) Cover the Uninsured Week (April 27 – May 3) 2008. Now in its sixth year, the campaign has become the largest nonpartisan mobilization in history seeking solutions for the 47 million Americans who are uninsured. Thousands of people will participate in hundreds of Cover the Uninsured Week community service and education events being held across the nation. As part of the Week in 2008, the Foundation commissioned the State Health Access Data Assistance Center (SHADAC), located at the University of Minnesota School of Public Health, to develop a comprehensive, state-by-state analysis on recent increases in family health insurance coverage costs as compared to income. The Foundation focuses on the pressing health and health care issues facing our country. As the nation’s largest philanthropy devoted exclusively to improving the health and health care of all Americans, the Foundation works with a diverse group of organizations and individuals to identify solutions and achieve comprehensive, meaningful and timely change. For more than 35 years, the Foundation has brought experience, commitment and a rigorous, balanced approach to the problems that affect the health and health care of those it serves. When it comes to helping Americans lead healthier lives and get the care they need, the Foundation expects to make a difference in your lifetime. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation P.O. Box 2316 Route 1 and College Road East Princeton, NJ 08543-2316 Phone: (888) 631-9989 SHADAC helps states monitor rates of health insurance coverage and understand factors associated with uninsurance. SHADAC provides targeted policy analysis and technical assistance to states that are conducting their own health insurance surveys and/or using data from national surveys. Information is available at www.shadac.org. University of Minnesota State Health Access Data Assistance Center 2221 University Avenue, Suite 345 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Phone: (612) 624-4802 Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 1 Table 1 Average Total Family Premium (in 2005 Dollars) Per Enrolled Employee at Private-Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 2001 2005 Change from 2001 – 2005 State Amount SE Amount SE Percent Amount Alabama $8,320 $387.49 $9,420 $251.25 13.2% $1,100 * Alaska $10,101 $383.97 $11,542 $531.86 14.3% $1,441 * Arizona $8,186 $189.27 $10,268 $280.43 25.4% $2,082 *** Arkansas $8,037 $219.12 $9,190 $341.45 14.4% $1,153 ** California $7,898 $111.09 $10,551 $216.40 33.6% $2,653 *** Colorado $8,070 $233.65 $10,850 $246.75 34.5% $2,780 *** Connecticut $9,683 $261.23 $11,717 $198.24 21.0% $2,034 *** Delaware $8,507 $292.63 $10,964 $402.08 28.9% $2,457 *** District of Columbia $9,607 $389.30 $11,623 $309.77 21.0% $2,016 *** Florida $8,409 $185.86 $10,852 $304.65 29.0% $2,443 *** Georgia $8,101 $295.97 $10,262 $362.15 26.7% $2,161 *** Hawaii $8,167 $276.55 $9,392 $190.60 15.0% $1,225 *** Idaho $7,243 $414.11 $10,398 $335.05 43.6% $3,155 *** Illinois $8,462 $230.43 $10,574 $272.01 25.0% $2,112 *** Indiana $8,657 $166.98 $10,678 $270.18 23.3% $2,021 *** Iowa $7,837 $146.06 $9,359 $224.45 19.4% $1,522 *** Kentucky $7,910 $248.13 $10,617 $271.71 34.2% $2,707 *** Louisiana $8,133 $233.83 $10,602 $255.22 30.4% $2,469 *** Maine $8,871 $429.15 $11,289 $507.54 27.3% $2,418 *** Maryland $8,621 $251.50 $10,528 $362.73 22.1% $1,907 *** Massachusetts $9,016 $198.87 $11,435 $191.94 26.8% $2,419 *** Michigan $8,257 $216.12 $11,005 $299.44 33.3% $2,748 *** Minnesota $8,434 $245.10 $10,846 $207.85 28.6% $2,412 *** Mississippi $8,004 $264.05 $9,987 $234.65 24.8% $1,983 *** Missouri $7,332 $393.02 $9,948 $365.00 35.7% $2,616 *** Nevada $7,908 $336.32 $10,011 $326.77 26.6% $2,103 *** New Jersey $8,904 $361.01 $11,403 $513.90 28.1% $2,499 *** New York $9,073 $222.98 $11,280 $232.61 24.3% $2,207 *** North Carolina $7,732 $173.70 $9,657 $351.85 24.9% $1,925 *** Ohio $7,944 $193.04 $10,662 $244.77 34.2% $2,718 *** Oklahoma $7,322 $284.24 $10,985 $337.27 50.0% $3,663 *** Oregon $7,883 $149.99 $10,898 $501.58 38.3% $3,015 *** Pennsylvania $8,036 $242.98 $11,108 $248.36 38.2% $3,072 *** Rhode Island $8,847 $229.71 $11,924 $581.75 34.8% $3,077 *** South Carolina $8,231 $186.71 $10,436 $264.26 26.8% $2,205 *** Tennessee $7,841 $283.68 $10,361 $234.61 32.1% $2,520 *** Texas $8,255 $281.62 $11,533 $187.68 39.7% $3,278 *** Utah $8,460 $344.01 $10,282 $250.31 21.5% $1,822 *** Vermont $8,996 $238.45 $11,420 $473.26 26.9% $2,424 *** Virginia $8,104 $250.86 $10,292 $265.38 27.0% $2,188 *** Washington $8,035 $198.49 $11,018 $317.15 37.1% $2,983 *** Wisconsin $8,332 $112.33 $10,983 $383.83 31.8% $2,651 *** United States $8,281 $35.93 $10,728 $41.42 29.6% $2,447 *** 2002 2005 Change from 2002 – 2005 Kansas $9,012 $205.10 $9,734 $411.83 8.0% $722 Montana $8,370 $251.19 $10,058 $252.97 20.2% $1,688 *** Nebraska $9,140 $259.04 $9,805 $285.40 7.3% $665 New Hampshire $10,500 $210.43 $11,835 $244.94 12.7% $1,335 *** New Mexico $8,467 $331.01 $10,637 $405.77 25.6% $2,170 *** West Virginia $9,706 $227.21 $10,900 $220.88 12.3% $1,194 *** Wyoming $9,279 $347.07 $11,467 $464.47 23.6% $2,188 *** Unavailable 2005 Unavailable North Dakota - - $8,334 $407.11 - - South Dakota - - $10,312 $365.58 - - p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Average Total Family Premium (in Dollars) Per Enrolled Employee at Private- Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 (Table II.D.1). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component Tables. Downloaded from http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/quick_tables.jsp (February 12, 2008) SE = Standard Error Note 1: Adjustment for inflation performed by SHADAC. Both the estimate and standard error for earlier years are multiplied by the Consumer Price Index-Urban (CPI-U). Statistical testing also performed by SHADAC. Note 2: Prior to 2003, smaller states needed extra sampling to produce state representative estimates, which was done on a rotating basis. Therefore, not all states have estimates for each year. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 2 Table 2 Median Income (in 2005 dollars) of Family Health Insurance Policy Holders (18-64 years old) in the United States by State, 2000/2001 – 2005/2006 State 2000/2001 2005/2006 Percentage Change Alabama $37,447 $37,380 -0.18% Alaska $42,503 $44,303 4.23% Arizona $37,447 $41,149 9.89% * Arkansas $33,299 $34,942 4.94% California $43,606 $47,725 9.45% *** Colorado $44,173 $47,225 6.91% Connecticut $48,080 $49,226 2.38% Delaware $39,699 $39,865 0.42% District of Columbia $38,721 $49,225 27.13% *** Florida $39,148 $39,849 1.79% Georgia $38,014 $39,380 3.59% Hawaii $36,359 $38,880 6.93% Idaho $35,737 $38,881 8.80% Illinois $42,220 $44,303 4.93% Indiana $38,971 $39,865 2.29% Iowa $37,208 $37,096 -0.30% Kansas $39,684 $39,880 0.50% Kentucky $35,225 $36,927 4.83% Louisiana $35,761 $36,880 3.13% Maine $36,895 $40,407 9.52% ** Maryland $48,632 $47,983 -1.33% Massachusetts $48,601 $50,194 3.28% Michigan $44,173 $41,803 -5.37% Minnesota $45,905 $46,725 1.79% Mississippi $34,658 $34,458 -0.58% Missouri $38,320 $38,880 1.46% Montana $34,942 $34,208 -2.10% Nebraska $35,792 $38,380 7.23% Nevada $34,658 $38,880 12.18% ** New Hampshire $44,740 $44,303 -0.98% New Jersey $48,356 $52,132 7.81% * New Mexico $34,674 $38,834 12.00% * New York $43,606 $42,803 -1.84% North Carolina $37,478 $38,411 2.49% North Dakota $33,555 $34,458 2.69% Ohio $41,596 $39,380 -5.33% * Oklahoma $36,993 $38,880 5.10% Oregon $42,503 $41,803 -1.65% Pennsylvania $41,400 $42,303 2.18% Rhode Island $43,039 $43,303 0.61% South Carolina $38,581 $35,281 -8.55% * South Dakota $35,241 $34,427 -2.31% Tennessee $35,210 $37,427 6.30% Texas $39,684 $41,076 3.51% Utah $39,148 $40,930 4.55% Vermont $36,313 $39,380 8.45% * Virginia $41,354 $44,787 8.30% Washington $44,699 $47,444 6.14% West Virginia $35,115 $34,458 -1.87% Wisconsin $39,148 $40,834 4.31% Wyoming $37,447 $41,818 11.67% * United States $40,818 $42,068 3.06% * p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2007 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). Note 1: Policy holders are people who are indicated as the family health insurance policy holder. Note 2: Adjustment for inflation performed by SHADAC. The estimates for 2000, 2001 and 2006 are multiplied by the 2005 Consumer Price Index-Urban (CPI-U). Note 3: Two-year averages for 2000-2001 and 2005-2006 were used from the CPS in order to make the state estimates more precise. This standard practice is recommended by the U.S. Census Bureau when making state comparisons. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007) Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 3 Table 3 Percent of Total Premiums Contributed by Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage at Private-Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 2001 2005 Change from 2001 – 2005 Percentage Change in State Percent SE Percent SE Change Percent Alabama 29.3% 1.57% 28.9% 1.23% -1.4% -0.4% Alaska 25.8% 2.60% 24.7% 2.07% -4.3% -1.1% Arizona 23.9% 2.04% 28.0% 1.60% 17.2% 4.1% Arkansas 25.5% 1.87% 27.5% 2.30% 7.8% 2.0% California 24.2% 1.34% 22.7% 1.20% -6.2% -1.5% Colorado 21.9% 1.85% 26.2% 2.43% 19.6% 4.3% Connecticut 24.0% 2.33% 21.1% 1.13% -12.1% -2.9% Delaware 21.3% 1.22% 21.2% 2.48% -0.5% -0.1% District of Columbia 23.0% 0.97% 31.8% 3.35% 38.3% 8.8% * Florida 27.9% 1.79% 32.2% 2.27% 15.4% 4.3% Georgia 27.0% 1.76% 27.6% 0.68% 2.2% 0.6% Hawaii 23.4% 2.36% 23.3% 1.99% -0.4% -0.1% Idaho 31.1% 1.05% 26.2% 1.86% -15.8% -4.9% * Illinois 20.1% 1.22% 21.4% 1.03% 6.5% 1.3% Indiana 18.6% 1.33% 20.5% 1.40% 10.2% 1.9% Iowa 24.3% 1.45% 26.0% 0.76% 7.0% 1.7% Kentucky 26.5% 2.23% 22.1% 0.94% -16.6% -4.4% Louisiana 30.4% 2.06% 29.8% 1.14% -2.0% -0.6% Maine 29.1% 2.09% 29.3% 1.92% 0.7% 0.2% Maryland 27.9% 3.22% 28.6% 2.72% 2.5% 0.7% Massachusetts 22.6% 0.96% 26.6% 1.96% 17.7% 4.0% Michigan 18.8% 1.97% 17.2% 1.22% -8.5% -1.6% Minnesota 23.6% 1.25% 25.2% 0.89% 6.8% 1.6% Mississippi 24.1% 2.83% 28.1% 2.00% 16.6% 4.0% Missouri 27.4% 2.46% 24.6% 1.33% -10.2% -2.8% Nevada 21.2% 2.22% 28.0% 2.93% 32.1% 6.8% New Jersey 20.9% 1.94% 24.0% 1.54% 14.8% 3.1% New York 18.9% 0.98% 23.1% 1.95% 22.2% 4.2% North Carolina 31.7% 3.76% 27.5% 2.53% -13.2% -4.2% Ohio 18.9% 1.18% 20.8% 2.76% 10.1% 1.9% Oklahoma 24.1% 2.93% 26.0% 1.03% 7.9% 1.9% Oregon 26.9% 1.69% 26.0% 2.42% -3.3% -0.9% Pennsylvania 19.4% 1.65% 19.1% 0.54% -1.5% -0.3% Rhode Island 21.2% 1.48% 21.6% 3.65% 1.9% 0.4% South Carolina 19.1% 2.13% 20.2% 2.58% 5.8% 1.1% Tennessee 23.0% 2.26% 26.6% 1.40% 15.7% 3.6% Texas 26.2% 1.48% 24.6% 1.94% -6.1% -1.6% Utah 23.1% 1.50% 25.1% 1.39% 8.7% 2.0% Vermont 24.2% 1.69% 22.3% 1.61% -7.9% -1.9% Virginia 26.5% 1.71% 26.5% 1.38% 0.0% 0.0% Washington 23.8% 2.45% 22.5% 2.57% -5.5% -1.3% Wisconsin 20.2% 1.45% 20.5% 1.21% 1.5% 0.3% United States 23.2% 0.24% 24.1% 0.35% 3.9% 0.9% * 2002 2005 Change from 2002 – 2005 Kansas 22.7% 1.60% 25.1% 1.56% 10.6% 2.4% Montana 25.3% 2.94% 21.3% 2.36% -15.8% -4.0% Nebraska 26.2% 1.12% 26.6% 1.29% 1.5% 0.4% New Hampshire 24.9% 2.34% 24.4% 0.81% -2.0% -0.5% New Mexico 23.5% 2.41% 25.7% 2.66% 9.4% 2.2% West Virginia 19.1% 2.15% 17.8% 1.12% -6.8% -1.3% Wyoming 23.0% 1.84% 19.4% 2.09% -15.7% -3.6% Unavailable 2005 Unavailable North Dakota - - 32.7% 2.85% - - South Dakota - - 32.7% 3.43% - - p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Percent of Total Premiums Contributed by Employees Enrolled in Family Coverage at Private-Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 (Table II.D.3). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component Tables. Downloaded from http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/quick_tables.jsp (February 12, 2008) SE = Standard Error Note: Prior to 2003, smaller states needed extra sampling to produce state representative estimates, which was done on a rotating basis. Therefore, not all states have estimates for each year. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 4 Table 4 Number of Employers that Offer Health Insurance and the Number of Employees that Work at Those Firms Number of Employers Number of Employees That Offer Health Insurance That Work at Firms Offering Health Insurance Change from Change from 2001 – 2005 2001 – 2005 State 2001 2005 Percent Amount 2001 2005 Percent Amount Alabama 47,778 53,917 12.8% 6,139 1,325,823 1,357,918 2.4% 32,095 Alaska 6,720 7,091 5.5% 372 170,250 170,364 0.1% 114 Arizona 57,140 57,908 1.3% 768 1,802,350 1,757,936 -2.5% -44,413 Arkansas 24,279 24,571 1.2% 292 801,119 826,781 3.2% 25,662 California 402,916 413,845 2.7% 10,928 11,605,850 11,355,023 -2.2% -250,827 Colorado 76,506 66,678 -12.8% -9,828 1,836,839 1,647,612 -10.3% -189,227 Connecticut 49,396 53,818 9.0% 4,422 1,464,726 1,373,214 -6.2% -91,512 Delaware 12,368 11,813 -4.5% -555 352,038 331,730 -5.8% -20,308 District of Columbia 12,287 13,533 10.1% 1,246 448,511 397,750 -11.3% -50,761 Florida 195,622 209,474 7.1% 13,852 5,585,105 5,959,169 6.7% 374,063 Georgia 93,603 94,506 1.0% 903 3,011,878 2,790,821 -7.3% -221,057 Hawaii 22,026 24,896 13.0% 2,870 420,915 460,263 9.3% 39,348 Idaho 15,674 16,384 4.5% 711 323,112 388,186 20.1% 65,074 Illinois 170,288 143,661 -15.6% -26,627 4,970,955 4,311,001 -13.3% -659,954 Indiana 72,215 71,818 -0.5% -397 2,291,516 2,090,469 -8.8% -201,047 Iowa 41,287 38,210 -7.5% -3,077 1,165,348 1,034,761 -11.2% -130,587 Kentucky 44,478 45,375 2.0% 897 1,248,876 1,238,061 -0.9% -10,815 Louisiana 45,990 45,093 -2.0% -897 1,279,785 1,188,298 -7.1% -91,487 Maine 18,788 19,039 1.3% 251 431,014 425,725 -1.2% -5,289 Maryland 71,409 76,973 7.8% 5,563 1,927,011 1,804,480 -6.4% -122,531 Massachusetts 101,576 94,554 -6.9% -7,022 2,912,771 2,608,625 -10.4% -304,146 Michigan 134,227 119,090 -11.3% -15,137 3,635,604 3,264,689 -10.2% -370,915 Minnesota 73,807 70,892 -3.9% -2,915 2,159,399 2,040,671 -5.5% -118,729 Mississippi 22,757 23,448 3.0% 692 677,662 680,744 0.5% 3,082 Missouri 73,243 65,812 -10.1% -7,431 2,120,369 1,992,303 -6.0% -128,066 Nevada 21,134 25,451 20.4% 4,317 828,693 922,452 11.3% 93,760 New Jersey 132,125 139,101 5.3% 6,976 3,367,111 3,139,152 -6.8% -227,959 New York 259,939 254,417 -2.1% -5,522 6,814,082 6,153,508 -9.7% -660,573 North Carolina 99,923 104,216 4.3% 4,293 3,068,037 2,942,360 -4.1% -125,677 Ohio 157,694 149,614 -5.1% -8,080 4,725,820 4,208,849 -10.9% -516,971 Oklahoma 36,392 37,808 3.9% 1,416 998,257 934,593 -6.4% -63,664 Oregon 49,540 50,636 2.2% 1,096 1,162,196 1,164,010 0.2% 1,814 Pennsylvania 170,427 168,465 -1.2% -1,962 4,750,363 4,336,858 -8.7% -413,506 Rhode Island 15,804 15,368 -2.8% -437 391,313 389,252 -0.5% -2,061 South Carolina 40,696 45,983 13.0% 5,287 1,296,425 1,310,068 1.1% 13,642 Tennessee 66,700 58,575 -12.2% -8,125 2,266,261 1,969,458 -13.1% -296,803 Texas 201,998 202,573 0.3% 575 6,710,716 6,906,085 2.9% 195,369 Utah 25,321 23,093 -8.8% -2,228 755,195 773,800 2.5% 18,605 Vermont 10,713 10,681 -0.3% -31 214,641 223,304 4.0% 8,663 Virginia 93,030 91,514 -1.6% -1,516 2,532,253 2,663,788 5.2% 131,535 Washington 74,396 77,180 3.7% 2,784 1,910,959 2,030,454 6.3% 119,495 Wisconsin 75,475 77,357 2.5% 1,882 2,208,293 2,181,009 -1.2% -27,284 United States 3,582,469 3,552,243 -0.8% -30,226 101,666,185 97,535,854 -4.1% -4,130,331 Change from Change from 2001 – 2005 2001 – 2005 2001 2005 Percent Amount 2001 2005 Percent Amount Kansas 36,937 36,069 -2.4% -869 957,823 936,928 -2.2% -20,896 Montana 14,652 12,643 -13.7% -2,009 220,195 232,606 5.6% 12,411 Nebraska 21,591 21,530 -0.3% -61 618,700 639,980 3.4% 21,280 New Hampshire 21,733 19,402 -10.7% -2,332 484,136 479,835 -0.9% -4,301 New Mexico 17,201 19,943 15.9% 2,743 405,845 439,409 8.3% 33,564 West Virginia 18,537 16,191 -12.7% -2,345 450,137 434,047 -3.6% -16,090 Wyoming 7,991 6,852 -14.3% -1,139 129,804 127,433 -1.8% -2,371 Unavailable 2005 Unavailable 2005 Unavailable North Dakota - 11,117 - - - 219,110 - - South Dakota - 12,103 - - - 257,812 - - Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Generated using Tables II.A.1, II.A.2, II.B.1, II.B.2 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component Tables. Downloaded from http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/quick_tables.jsp (February 12, 2008) Note 1:The significance of changes should be tested using percent of employers and employees tables. Note 2: Prior to 2003, smaller states needed extra sampling to produce state representative estimates, which was done on a rotating basis. Therefore, not all states have estimates for each year. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 5 Table 5 Percent and Number of Individuals (under 65 years old) with Private Coverage in the United States, by State, 2000/2001 – 2005/2006 Change from 2000/2001 2005/2006 2000/2001 – 2005/2006 Percentage Change in State Percent SE Number Percent SE Number Change Percent Alabama 71.2% 1.14% 2,744,930 65.2% 1.49% 2,571,420 -8.4% -6.0% ** Alaska 68.8% 1.18% 406,381 66.8% 1.25% 410,099 -2.9% -2.0% Arizona 68.4% 1.30% 3,188,424 58.5% 1.38% 3,180,298 -14.4% -9.9% *** Arkansas 66.3% 1.41% 1,498,185 60.6% 1.46% 1,464,942 -8.5% -5.6% ** California 65.1% 0.58% 20,139,994 62.6% 0.54% 20,181,791 -3.9% -2.5% ** Colorado 77.4% 0.94% 3,067,657 72.5% 0.99% 3,093,197 -6.4% -5.0% *** Connecticut 79.7% 0.95% 2,303,128 75.4% 0.93% 2,277,761 -5.4% -4.3% ** Delaware 79.4% 1.16% 544,708 72.9% 1.13% 538,586 -8.1% -6.4% *** District of Columbia 67.1% 1.41% 326,742 62.7% 1.44% 308,505 -6.6% -4.4% * Florida 67.6% 0.73% 9,133,655 63.1% 0.75% 9,537,990 -6.5% -4.4% *** Georgia 71.7% 1.20% 5,335,590 65.3% 1.03% 5,486,955 -8.9% -6.4% *** Hawaii 78.2% 1.18% 823,133 78.3% 0.99% 855,402 0.2% 0.2% Idaho 70.1% 1.30% 811,061 68.9% 1.39% 890,273 -1.6% -1.2% Illinois 74.5% 0.75% 8,145,565 71.6% 0.87% 7,988,585 -4.0% -2.9% * Indiana 79.6% 0.95% 4,154,695 72.4% 1.13% 4,042,157 -9.1% -7.3% *** Iowa 82.3% 0.90% 2,025,356 75.4% 1.00% 1,908,711 -8.4% -6.9% *** Kansas 78.7% 1.02% 1,772,126 74.3% 1.21% 1,745,121 -5.5% -4.4% ** Kentucky 72.3% 1.18% 2,545,263 66.2% 1.28% 2,382,858 -8.4% -6.1% *** Louisiana 65.0% 1.47% 2,510,823 59.5% 1.72% 2,128,673 -8.5% -5.5% * Maine 72.5% 1.10% 778,530 67.7% 1.09% 771,337 -6.5% -4.7% ** Maryland 80.8% 1.00% 3,761,397 74.2% 0.97% 3,666,676 -8.2% -6.6% *** Massachusetts 75.6% 0.97% 4,164,159 73.1% 1.14% 4,047,402 -3.4% -2.6% Michigan 77.4% 0.79% 6,734,224 71.8% 0.93% 6,306,251 -7.2% -5.6% *** Minnesota 82.9% 0.83% 3,692,692 78.0% 0.87% 3,505,780 -5.9% -4.9% *** Mississippi 63.3% 1.53% 1,562,358 57.5% 1.65% 1,456,238 -9.2% -5.8% ** Missouri 77.0% 1.07% 3,760,987 70.5% 1.13% 3,530,152 -8.5% -6.6% *** Montana 70.3% 1.38% 539,042 67.7% 1.50% 545,932 -3.7% -2.6% Nebraska 80.3% 1.02% 1,192,191 76.5% 1.13% 1,186,380 -4.7% -3.8% * Nevada 74.7% 1.01% 1,389,761 70.2% 1.19% 1,530,970 -6.0% -4.5% ** New Hampshire 82.1% 0.90% 881,795 79.6% 0.89% 904,412 -3.0% -2.5% * New Jersey 76.8% 0.81% 5,571,143 74.1% 0.98% 5,637,172 -3.4% -2.6% * New Mexico 56.4% 1.42% 888,521 55.8% 1.56% 941,615 -1.1% -0.6% New York 66.0% 0.64% 10,819,480 64.5% 0.77% 10,677,837 -2.3% -1.5% North Carolina 71.3% 0.98% 5,053,691 65.4% 1.10% 5,005,984 -8.3% -5.9% *** North Dakota 79.8% 1.06% 427,866 76.4% 1.18% 414,246 -4.2% -3.3% * Ohio 76.7% 0.78% 7,476,627 71.9% 0.91% 7,132,839 -6.2% -4.8% *** Oklahoma 66.8% 1.29% 1,963,016 63.0% 1.36% 1,908,324 -5.7% -3.8% * Oregon 72.4% 1.12% 2,209,592 67.3% 1.35% 2,157,256 -7.0% -5.0% ** Pennsylvania 79.1% 0.71% 8,260,053 74.2% 0.84% 7,820,163 -6.2% -4.9% *** Rhode Island 76.3% 1.05% 667,451 68.8% 1.17% 637,892 -9.8% -7.5% *** South Carolina 72.3% 1.25% 2,520,752 64.4% 1.29% 2,374,092 -10.8% -7.8% *** South Dakota 80.9% 0.97% 509,517 73.6% 1.25% 487,609 -9.1% -7.3% *** Tennessee 68.4% 1.30% 3,440,837 66.1% 1.32% 3,366,488 -3.4% -2.3% Texas 64.1% 0.73% 12,051,091 59.3% 0.69% 12,172,118 -7.5% -4.8% *** Utah 76.9% 1.15% 1,596,742 70.4% 1.37% 1,637,659 -8.5% -6.5% *** Vermont 71.6% 1.16% 380,582 65.9% 1.23% 360,417 -7.9% -5.7% *** Virginia 80.4% 0.93% 5,010,344 75.7% 0.93% 5,074,218 -5.8% -4.7% *** Washington 72.0% 1.06% 3,746,117 72.8% 1.07% 4,062,878 1.1% 0.8% West Virginia 65.5% 1.23% 978,683 61.1% 1.42% 952,928 -6.7% -4.4% * Wisconsin 81.0% 0.88% 3,757,988 75.5% 1.01% 3,622,425 -6.8% -5.5% *** Wyoming 73.3% 1.20% 314,394 71.5% 1.32% 319,174 -2.5% -1.8% United States 71.9% 0.16% 177,579,032 67.5% 0.17% 175,208,185 -6.1% -4.4% *** p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2007 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). SE = Standard Error Note 1: Individuals with private coverage report private coverage only. Individuals who report both private and public coverage are categorized as having public health insurance coverage. Note 2: The 2001 and 2002 CPS are edited to be consistent with changes to the health insurance edit that the Census Bureau imposed on the CPS from 2005 forward. Note 3: Two-year averages for 2000-2001 and 2005-2006 were used from the CPS in order to make the state estimates more precise. This standard practice is recommended by the U.S. Census Bureau when making state comparisons. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007) Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 6 Table 6 Percent and Number of Individuals (under 65 years old) Without Health Insurance Coverage in the United States, by State, 2000/2001-2005/2006 Change from 2000/2001 2005/2006 2000/2001 – 2005/2006 Percentage Change in State Percent SE Number Percent SE Number Change Percent Alabama 14.6% 0.80% 562,505 16.9% 1.10% 668,303 16.2% 2.4% Alaska 18.1% 0.94% 106,531 18.0% 0.91% 110,391 -0.4% -0.1% Arizona 19.0% 1.05% 885,121 22.7% 1.10% 1,235,130 19.7% 3.7% * Arkansas 17.5% 1.05% 395,085 20.7% 1.08% 500,965 18.6% 3.3% * California 20.6% 0.46% 6,382,417 20.7% 0.42% 6,662,784 0.2% 0.0% Colorado 16.2% 0.81% 641,811 18.5% 0.82% 791,782 14.5% 2.4% * Connecticut 11.3% 0.71% 325,416 11.6% 0.65% 350,033 2.9% 0.3% Delaware 10.3% 0.81% 71,014 13.8% 0.84% 102,212 33.8% 3.5% ** District of Columbia 14.8% 0.91% 72,232 13.5% 0.89% 66,263 -9.0% -1.3% Florida 20.5% 0.61% 2,768,239 24.4% 0.64% 3,685,677 19.2% 3.9% *** Georgia 16.8% 0.93% 1,250,428 19.6% 0.80% 1,644,815 16.7% 2.8% * Hawaii 10.5% 0.80% 110,754 9.8% 0.71% 107,333 -6.5% -0.7% Idaho 17.4% 1.01% 201,612 17.0% 1.06% 219,380 -2.5% -0.4% Illinois 15.1% 0.56% 1,645,478 15.5% 0.63% 1,730,854 3.0% 0.5% Indiana 13.0% 0.77% 676,094 14.1% 0.82% 784,111 8.4% 1.1% Iowa 9.2% 0.65% 226,077 10.8% 0.64% 272,672 17.2% 1.6% Kansas 12.7% 0.79% 286,202 12.9% 0.81% 302,304 1.2% 0.2% Kentucky 14.3% 0.87% 504,855 15.7% 0.91% 565,041 9.4% 1.3% Louisiana 20.6% 1.13% 796,218 22.6% 1.32% 812,733 9.9% 2.0% Maine 12.4% 0.76% 132,926 11.2% 0.69% 127,966 -9.2% -1.1% Maryland 12.4% 0.83% 577,599 15.2% 0.73% 749,454 22.4% 2.8% * Massachusetts 9.4% 0.61% 519,682 11.1% 0.77% 617,216 18.1% 1.7% Michigan 10.6% 0.53% 925,839 11.7% 0.59% 1,030,385 10.3% 1.1% Minnesota 8.5% 0.60% 379,194 9.7% 0.58% 437,612 14.4% 1.2% Mississippi 16.6% 1.02% 409,326 21.1% 1.26% 536,567 27.7% 4.6% ** Missouri 11.0% 0.70% 537,168 14.3% 0.78% 715,654 29.8% 3.3% ** Montana 17.3% 1.07% 132,816 18.7% 1.20% 150,620 7.9% 1.4% Nebraska 10.1% 0.68% 149,424 12.8% 0.85% 199,111 27.6% 2.8% * Nevada 18.1% 0.86% 337,239 20.6% 1.03% 450,368 13.8% 2.5% New Hampshire 10.1% 0.66% 108,792 12.0% 0.68% 136,612 18.7% 1.9% New Jersey 14.3% 0.65% 1,039,695 16.7% 0.79% 1,270,768 16.7% 2.4% * New Mexico 25.2% 1.14% 397,669 24.6% 1.27% 415,168 -2.5% -0.6% New York 17.9% 0.48% 2,933,024 15.4% 0.54% 2,545,370 -14.1% -2.5% *** North Carolina 15.6% 0.72% 1,103,537 18.7% 0.86% 1,436,936 20.4% 3.2% ** North Dakota 11.8% 0.78% 63,156 13.3% 0.88% 71,840 12.6% 1.5% Ohio 12.5% 0.59% 1,218,799 12.2% 0.60% 1,209,873 -2.4% -0.3% Oklahoma 21.1% 1.06% 619,585 21.1% 1.05% 638,215 -0.1% 0.0% Oregon 14.0% 0.83% 428,983 19.1% 1.05% 613,101 36.1% 5.1% *** Pennsylvania 9.9% 0.50% 1,033,859 11.3% 0.57% 1,193,490 14.4% 1.4% Rhode Island 8.7% 0.63% 76,192 11.4% 0.75% 105,306 30.3% 2.6% ** South Carolina 13.8% 0.89% 482,319 18.9% 0.97% 695,801 36.6% 5.1% *** South Dakota 11.5% 0.74% 72,648 13.6% 0.86% 89,888 17.5% 2.0% Tennessee 12.1% 0.84% 609,826 15.7% 0.91% 797,376 29.2% 3.5% ** Texas 25.4% 0.62% 4,772,176 26.7% 0.58% 5,485,177 5.3% 1.4% Utah 14.2% 0.89% 296,113 18.3% 1.11% 425,367 28.3% 4.0% ** Vermont 10.1% 0.70% 53,747 12.3% 0.79% 67,132 21.5% 2.2% * Virginia 12.1% 0.72% 752,524 14.4% 0.72% 964,242 19.1% 2.3% * Washington 14.8% 0.79% 771,772 13.9% 0.79% 778,041 -6.0% -0.9% West Virginia 16.0% 0.86% 239,821 17.6% 1.01% 274,106 9.7% 1.5% Wisconsin 8.5% 0.56% 395,467 10.3% 0.64% 493,842 20.8% 1.8% * Wyoming 17.7% 0.93% 75,800 16.6% 1.00% 74,123 -6.1% -1.1% p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2007 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC). SE = Standard Error Note 1: The 2001 and 2002 CPS are edited to be consistent with changes to the health insurance edit that the Census Bureau imposed on the CPS from 2005 forward. Note 2: Two-year averages for 2000-2001 and 2005-2006 were used from the CPS in order to make the state estimates more precise. This standard practice is recommended by the U.S. Census Bureau when making state comparisons. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007) Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 7 Table 7 Percent of Private-Sector Employees at Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 2001 2005 Change from 2001 – 2005 Percentage Change in State Percent SE Percent SE Change Percent Alabama 88.4% 1.41% 90.0% 0.96% 1.81% 1.60% Alaska 77.4% 4.79% 78.5% 2.54% 1.42% 1.10% Arizona 88.3% 0.93% 85.8% 2.07% -2.83% -2.50% Arkansas 82.6% 1.97% 80.6% 1.94% -2.42% -2.00% California 88.3% 1.02% 85.8% 1.19% -2.83% -2.50% Colorado 91.7% 0.98% 88.6% 1.16% -3.38% -3.10% * Connecticut 92.6% 0.82% 92.2% 1.70% -0.43% -0.40% Delaware 92.3% 1.30% 89.0% 1.11% -3.58% -3.30% District of Columbia 95.7% 0.97% 92.6% 0.93% -3.24% -3.10% * Florida 89.5% 1.33% 87.1% 1.51% -2.68% -2.40% Georgia 87.6% 2.26% 87.1% 1.31% -0.57% -0.50% Hawaii 96.9% 1.13% 98.2% 0.47% 1.34% 1.30% Idaho 68.9% 4.59% 78.3% 1.90% 13.64% 9.40% Illinois 90.4% 1.12% 86.1% 1.65% -4.76% -4.30% * Indiana 90.3% 1.31% 86.4% 1.16% -4.32% -3.90% * Iowa 85.9% 1.69% 84.0% 2.14% -2.21% -1.90% Kentucky 88.7% 1.35% 88.1% 1.14% -0.68% -0.60% Louisiana 84.8% 1.70% 82.8% 1.63% -2.36% -2.00% Maine 84.0% 3.16% 86.6% 1.69% 3.10% 2.60% Maryland 91.2% 0.86% 87.5% 1.39% -4.06% -3.70% * Massachusetts 93.1% 0.62% 90.4% 1.90% -2.90% -2.70% Michigan 91.4% 1.13% 86.6% 1.75% -5.25% -4.80% * Minnesota 89.7% 1.26% 89.1% 1.45% -0.67% -0.60% Mississippi 81.3% 2.51% 81.5% 1.43% 0.25% 0.20% Missouri 88.6% 1.44% 87.4% 1.48% -1.35% -1.20% Nevada 90.8% 0.94% 89.4% 1.74% -1.54% -1.40% New Jersey 92.5% 1.32% 89.5% 1.74% -3.24% -3.00% New York 89.5% 1.36% 86.3% 2.56% -3.58% -3.20% North Carolina 88.5% 1.51% 87.3% 1.48% -1.36% -1.20% Ohio 91.7% 0.73% 90.3% 1.50% -1.53% -1.40% Oklahoma 84.9% 1.71% 80.9% 1.67% -4.71% -4.00% Oregon 87.6% 1.98% 85.2% 1.08% -2.74% -2.40% Pennsylvania 92.4% 0.83% 90.0% 1.12% -2.60% -2.40% Rhode Island 92.3% 1.41% 89.4% 1.72% -3.14% -2.90% South Carolina 86.3% 1.84% 86.3% 2.14% 0.00% 0.00% Tennessee 89.0% 2.11% 87.5% 1.31% -1.69% -1.50% Texas 84.4% 1.90% 84.7% 1.29% 0.36% 0.30% Utah 87.7% 2.65% 82.7% 1.91% -5.70% -5.00% Vermont 85.9% 2.42% 86.1% 1.82% 0.23% 0.20% Virginia 91.8% 1.35% 88.0% 1.11% -4.14% -3.80% * Washington 86.1% 1.56% 86.5% 1.05% 0.46% 0.40% Wisconsin 88.9% 1.19% 89.4% 1.07% 0.56% 0.50% United States 88.8% 0.29% 86.9% 0.52% -2.14% -1.90% ** Change from 2002 – 2005 Percentage Change in 2002 2005 Change Percent Kansas 88.1% 1.09% 86.2% 2.03% -2.16% -1.90% Montana 72.7% 2.11% 71.3% 3.52% -1.93% -1.40% Nebraska 84.5% 1.75% 84.5% 1.50% 0.00% 0.00% New Hampshire 90.9% 1.17% 90.9% 1.01% 0.00% 0.00% New Mexico 77.9% 2.37% 79.9% 1.50% 2.57% 2.00% West Virginia 83.2% 1.22% 83.7% 1.86% 0.60% 0.50% Wyoming 74.2% 1.60% 71.2% 2.64% -4.04% -3.00% Unavailable 2005 Unavailable North Dakota - - 82.0% 1.47% - - South Dakota - - 83.6% 1.69% - - p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Percent of Private-Sector Employees in Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 (Table II.B.2). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component Tables. Downloaded from http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/quick_tables.jsp (February 12, 2008) SE = Standard Error Note: Prior to 2003, smaller states needed extra sampling to produce state representative estimates, which was done on a rotating basis. Therefore, not all states have estimates for each year. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 8 Table 8 Percent of Private-Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 2001 2005 Change from 2001 – 2005 Percentage Change in State Percent SE Percent SE Change Percent Alabama 56.6% 2.25% 59.8% 2.28% 5.65% 3.20% Alaska 45.7% 3.55% 42.4% 2.96% -7.22% -3.30% Arizona 58.9% 1.96% 55.0% 1.48% -6.62% -3.90% Arkansas 44.0% 2.06% 40.8% 2.44% -7.27% -3.20% California 57.3% 1.41% 59.8% 1.61% 4.36% 2.50% Colorado 66.5% 2.45% 54.1% 1.65% -18.65% -12.40% *** Connecticut 67.2% 1.78% 63.8% 2.97% -5.06% -3.40% Delaware 65.3% 2.12% 57.6% 2.26% -11.79% -7.70% * District of Columbia 74.2% 1.57% 74.3% 1.57% 0.13% 0.10% Florida 56.7% 1.96% 51.2% 2.27% -9.70% -5.50% Georgia 51.7% 2.52% 52.3% 2.72% 1.16% 0.60% Hawaii 81.8% 3.82% 89.6% 1.63% 9.54% 7.80% Idaho 43.9% 2.22% 43.8% 1.70% -0.23% -0.10% Illinois 62.1% 1.88% 53.3% 2.15% -14.17% -8.80% ** Indiana 58.1% 1.66% 55.9% 1.84% -3.79% -2.20% Iowa 50.7% 2.35% 47.9% 1.49% -5.52% -2.80% Kentucky 56.5% 2.58% 57.1% 2.60% 1.06% 0.60% Louisiana 51.9% 2.48% 52.6% 1.56% 1.35% 0.70% Maine 55.2% 2.23% 55.6% 2.96% 0.72% 0.40% Maryland 62.0% 1.89% 64.1% 2.88% 3.39% 2.10% Massachusetts 66.6% 1.35% 63.3% 2.16% -4.95% -3.30% Michigan 67.6% 2.62% 59.9% 2.25% -11.39% -7.70% * Minnesota 61.1% 2.01% 54.3% 2.61% -11.13% -6.80% * Mississippi 45.6% 2.29% 45.3% 1.75% -0.66% -0.30% Missouri 57.1% 2.32% 50.6% 2.12% -11.38% -6.50% * Nevada 56.7% 2.27% 52.8% 3.59% -6.88% -3.90% New Jersey 65.7% 2.56% 69.3% 3.05% 5.48% 3.60% New York 61.1% 1.69% 60.1% 1.88% -1.64% -1.00% North Carolina 57.2% 2.01% 56.7% 1.61% -0.87% -0.50% Ohio 64.3% 2.24% 62.8% 1.47% -2.33% -1.50% Oklahoma 50.9% 0.82% 48.3% 2.84% -5.11% -2.60% Oregon 57.6% 2.45% 56.7% 1.80% -1.56% -0.90% Pennsylvania 66.0% 2.13% 61.5% 2.52% -6.82% -4.50% Rhode Island 62.0% 3.53% 59.5% 3.95% -4.03% -2.50% South Carolina 48.8% 1.77% 53.2% 2.14% 9.02% 4.40% Tennessee 57.2% 3.30% 54.7% 2.57% -4.37% -2.50% Texas 49.4% 1.50% 50.1% 1.42% 1.42% 0.70% Utah 53.5% 4.25% 44.1% 2.18% -17.57% -9.40% * Vermont 57.4% 1.30% 56.8% 1.66% -1.05% -0.60% Virginia 62.3% 2.34% 56.7% 2.08% -8.99% -5.60% Washington 52.8% 2.63% 53.8% 1.78% 1.89% 1.00% Wisconsin 60.8% 0.96% 59.3% 2.50% -2.47% -1.50% United States 58.3% 0.3% 56.3% 0.5% -3.43% -2.00% *** Change from 2002 – 2005 Percentage Change in 2002 2005 Change Percent Kansas 53.6% 2.44% 50.8% 1.90% -5.22% -2.80% Montana 46.9% 3.49% 39.2% 2.85% -16.42% -7.70% Nebraska 43.6% 3.07% 45.2% 2.22% 3.67% 1.60% New Hampshire 67.0% 2.00% 62.0% 2.87% -7.46% -5.00% New Mexico 47.1% 3.40% 51.2% 1.52% 8.70% 4.10% West Virginia 55.2% 1.73% 48.8% 2.80% -11.59% -6.40% Wyoming 47.4% 2.30% 38.6% 1.94% -18.57% -8.80% ** Unavailable 2005 Unavailable North Dakota - - 49.1% 1.32% - - South Dakota - - 48.1% 3.20% - - p<0.05=*, p<0.01=**, p<0.001=*** Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Percent of Private-Sector Establishments that Offer Health Insurance: United States, 2001 – 2005 (Table II.A.2). Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Insurance Component Tables. Downloaded from http://www.meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/quick_tables.jsp (February 12, 2008) SE = Standard Error Note: Prior to 2003, smaller states needed extra sampling to produce state representative estimates, which was done on a rotating basis. Therefore, not all states have estimates for each year. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 9 Methods and Resources The U.S. health care system is based primarily on employer-sponsored coverage, with 76.5 percent of nonelderly insured individuals receiving coverage from their own or a family member’s employer (U.S. Census Bureau 2007). In this report, we use data from ongoing federal surveys of individuals and employers to examine trends in employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, premiums and offer rates across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We use trend data from 2001 – 2005 on employer-sponsored health insurance offer rates from the federal Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to provide national- and state-level detail not available from other data sources. MEPS-IC data are collected and distributed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). MEPS-IC The MEPS-IC is a valuable data source for ongoing monitoring of employer-sponsored health coverage at both the state and national levels. National estimates are available for all years. Prior to 2003, extra sampling to produce representative estimates for states was only provided to smaller states on a rotating basis. Therefore, this report presents the change from 2001 – 2005 for 42 states, the change from 2002 – 2005 for seven states, and reports only the 2005 levels for two states. The MEPS-IC survey on employer health insurance coverage is an important tool to understand trends in employer-sponsored insurance. Since the role of employers offering health insurance coverage is the foundation of the U.S. health care system, the trends in offer and take-up rates will be critical to monitor at the state level over time. The key findings highlighted in the press releases are not dissimilar to the Kaiser Family Foundation/HRET employer health benefits annual survey findings over the same period for the country as a whole; however, the MEPS-IC data provide much richer detail at the state level on employer coverage. CPS The Current Population Survey (CPS) is a monthly survey that the Census Bureau conducts for the Bureau of Labor Statistics to provide data on labor force participation and unemployment. As the official source of government statistics on employment status and income, data on health insurance coverage is collected through the Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC), which was initially added to the CPS in March of each year and was expanded to February through April beginning in 2001. The CPS ASEC is both nationally and state representative and has included approximately 78,000 households per year since 2000 (U.S. Census Bureau 2002; Davern et al. 2003). The reference period for health insurance coverage in the ASEC is the previous calendar year, so the 2007 CPS data ask questions about coverage during calendar year 2006. The ASEC data were collected through a combination of telephone and in-person interviews using computer-assisted instruments (U.S. Census Bureau 2002). The 2001, 2002, 2006 and 2007 ASEC data are used in these analyses, and estimates are reported as two-year averages to ensure there is enough sample size to make stable state estimates. All rates cited in this report are based on weighted estimates. The complex survey design is corrected for using StataSE version 10 software. The sample for our health insurance tables is limited to individuals under 65 years old. The sample for our income tables is limited to individuals between the years of 18 and 64 who were recorded as being family health insurance policy holders. All reported differences are significant at p<0.05. References Davern, M., T.J. Beebe, L.A. Blewett, and K.T. Call, 2003. “Recent Changes to the Current Population Survey: Sample Expansion, Health Insurance Verification, and State Health Insurance Coverage Estimates.” Public Opinion Quarterly 67 (4): 603-626. U.S. Census Bureau, 2002. “Current Population Survey: Design and Methodology.” Technical Paper #63RV. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. Census Bureau, 2007. “Income, Poverty and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2006.” Current Population Reports no. P60-233. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau. Embargoed until April 29, 2008 – 12:01 AM (ET) Page 10 P.O. Box 2316 | Route 1 and College Road East | Princeton, NJ 08543-2316 | 888.631.9989 | www.rwjf.org