Hello.

My name is jean Lloyd and I'd like to show you 

some of the problems associated with sulfur 

residues and swine.

And then to tell you about some of the solutions as I view 

them 

so far amid residues do present large 

problems for the pork producer.

Records from the meat and poultry inspection program of the 

U.S.D.A

Show that during 1976 there 

were 433 violations involving 

drugs and pesticides and swine.

With 409 or 

94.5% being so far inamed's 

And other species,

there were 1410 total violations with 

733 or 

52% being so fun amid 

predominantly in poultry.

The FADA has established an allowable 

limit in tissues of 

0.1 parts per million 

and by tissues we're talking about 

muscle,

liver,

kidney,

eggs,

milk and in chickens 

skin.

The FADA has also established a human 

safety factor of at least 2000.

This means that 200 parts per million 

can be fed to 

Both rats and dogs for 

90 days without causing problems.

Some sources of swine soften amid 

residues are First 

feed contamination.

Second,

water contamination.

Third,

excreta And four 

lowered water intake.

Number five is a theoretical problem in Pigs.

Are they different are their hang ups and pigs?

Some causes of tissue residues are 

ignorance of aeration,

some farmers don't know they're actually feeding so 

far.

Inamed's Number two mistake by the 

farmer or the feed mill 

three disregard for withdrawal times.

This is probably the most common cause of 

residues Number four 

contaminated equipment and this is probably the 

most problematical cause of residues.

Number five contaminated water 

six contaminated feed ingredients.

This includes corn,

soybean meal or pre mixes.

Number seven dirty feeding floors,

Number eight Hogs following cattle being 

treated with so far.

Inamed's 

Number nine unapproved use.

This is true of many other drugs.

In addition to soften the mids.

Now,

some producers don't read the label 

and it's true that a label must accompany each 

delivery of feed.

Even bulk feed This 

feed contains 

.04,

or 440 parts per million sulfur 

magazine.

Looking on the back of the label,

we see that there is a five day withdrawal period 

for this feed.

Another feed uh,

also contains 

.044% or 

440 parts per million.

And if we look on the back of this label,

we'll see that there is a seven day withdrawal period.

Only sulfur meth,

a zine and sulfur are approved for 

use in swine rations along with 

antibiotics and at the level of 100 

g per ton or 110 

parts per million.

Now,

veterinarians can prescribe any 

drug which they can legally purchase 

And in order to increase the 

efficacy.

Some veterinarians have prescribed levels 

of 800-1000 g 

per ton or a continuous use in swine 

rations £20 of 

a normal cell phone amid containing rationing 

mixed in one ton of so called clean 

relation will give 1.1 part 

per million in the finished rations 

Contaminated equipment and mixing some 

therapeutic rations in clean rations 

will easily result in levels of 

2-10 parts per million.

And I postulate that so phenomenal levels of less 

than five parts per million will cause 

residue problems without withdrawal.

This chart shows how sulfur methods seen 

decreases in swine tissues after 

withdrawal.

We see that at zero days 

without any withdrawal,

all tissues are above 

tolerance limits of 1/10 of a part per million 

at five days to critical tissues,

liver and kidney still are 

above tolerance limits And it 

takes seven days for all tissues 

to be reduced to .1 part per million 

dosages also influence influence withdrawal 

periods.

And we see that at the level of 

100 g per ton or 

110 parts per million,

That we need a 5-7 day withdrawal 

period.

If we increase this dosage to 

330 parts per million or 10 mg 

per kilogram of body weight,

we see it takes 8 to 9 days 

withdrawal At at 

Therapeutic levels.

That is 100 or 1000 

g per ton or 1100 

parts per million.

We increase the withdrawal time to 10 to 

11 days.

And if we increase the 

dosage to full therapeutic 

levels,

one grain per pound of body weight or 

66 mg per kilogram.

We find that it takes 10 to 

13 or more days 

except for the failure to withdraw.

I feel that farm grinder mixers 

are the greatest cause of 

problems.

Here we see a typical mixer 

used on the farm 

and in this shot we see feed left in an 

intake order.

This is a picture of the premix intake 

where micro ingredients are added and we 

see that they are bridged on the sides.

Here we see feed left in the conveyor auger of the 

grinder mixer 

and here we see ingredients have accumulated under 

the lid of the grinder mixer to be left 

there to contaminate the next batch of feed.

Looking down through the top of the mixer,

we saw what we considered to be about 20 

lbs of feed left to 

contaminate the next batch of feed.

This is another brand of a grinder mixer.

And here we see feed left in an intake 

auger and 

again micro ingredients bridged on the 

side of the hopper 

and feed again in a conveyor order.

He'd left in a discharge order.

And you'll note here that this particular 

grinder mixer does have a cleaning ports 

where this bottom of this mixer can be cleaned 

up a 

third type of a grinder mixer 

and we see feed left in the intake auger 

and there's another problem here,

Not only is there feed left,

there's a mold problem,

potential mold problem with this 

particular case.

Here we see contaminated premix 

hopper and so far no meds,

like some other drugs,

notably not Raffarin's are 

electrostatic and do tend to accumulate on 

equipment.

Another problem area,

looking through the top of this mixer 

portion of the grinder mixer,

we saw what we estimated to be 

£60 of feed left to 

contaminate the next batch.

Now this is an excellent way to clean out augers in my 

estimation and I might add that the 

waste is recoverable to add to the next batch 

of of medicated feed.

Poor housekeeping was evident in this farm.

Uh and here we see a bulk tank that 

was contaminated 

and we did not know whether contamination was 

due to bridging in the 

bin or due to the fact that the 

feed company delivered contaminated feed.

Here,

we see three possible problem areas.

We see a bulk tank,

we see the auger elevator 

and the feed wagon.

This is an ideal situation where we have 

to bulk bends,

one that contains medicated 

feed and one that contains non 

medicated feed 

with a posted warning.

A feed company bulk trucks pose only a 

slight problem.

This picture shows a conveyor 

that dumps feed into an auger 

in emptying this truck.

The algerian.

This truck contained a very small amount of feed 

The Auger and another truck that we investigated 

must have contained 2-5 lbs of feed.

Now this level still is very low When you 

consider that these trucks 

do contain a large 

quantity of feed.

Most bulk trucks contain a 

clean out ports Is illustrated here 

contaminated feeders pose a big problem.

This so called clean feeder actually did 

contain some feed.

This that type of water is 

used for medicating drinking water and 

heard medication.

And they should be this.

Any water similar to this should be completely 

cleaned out and rinsed before 

using non medicated water.

Pigs have a habit of washing down their food and will 

contaminate this type of water and the 

surrounding floor.

Note the food in the bottom of this water.

Another type of water that incidentally can 

be readily cleaned out.

This is a nipple water air watering device 

that affects the 

lowest contamination,

frequent cleaning of feed floors 

will reduce the residue problems.

Analysis of this manure pile showed that it 

did contain so far.

Inamed's 

well concrete serve as a reservoir.

We don't know but we're checking 

in this picture.

We see dr trey bush of the U.

S.

D.

A.

And Dr Thompson and Iowa practitioner 

sampling concrete 

in summary to prevent residues 

of Silvana meds and other drugs as 

well.

We should first read the feed 

tag.

Each tag should indicate that that feed 

contains the cell phone amid and the level 

of the cell phone.

Ahmed It should also 

have a warning relative to the use 

of that feed and it 

should indicate what withdrawal period is necessary 

when this feed is being used as we said 

before.

Common withdrawal periods range from 5 to 7 

days.

And if therapeutic levels of cell phone um IDs 

are used Then we should be using 

withdrawal period of 10-13 days.

Secondly we should clean the feeders 

and the equipment.

We see here that this bulk 

feed truck does have a ports 

and can be cleaned out 

in this shot.

We see that the grinder 

mixer as support and can be cleaned out.

These should be cleaned out physically 

mechanically followed by the use of the 

large shop vacuum sweeper.

Of course we should withdraw water medications and 

injectables and 

injectables amount to 

about 20% of 

the actionable 

residues of drugs in edible 

tissues.

Of course we talked about cleaning feed floors.

We see here 

a feed floor that has been clean and this should be 

especially done at the time.

Animals are being marketed and being withdrawn from 

self inamed's 

And of course as we said before we should withdraw 

therapeutic diets longer,

probably 10-13 days.

Lastly but not least we should refrain from the 

unapproved usage of drugs.

In conclusion,

in order to solve or at least reduce 

the problems associated with drug 

residues.

It's going to take the 

cooperation of the feed company,

the farmer,

the U.

S.

D.

A.

And the practicing veterinarian