[Film leader] [Film Associates presents] [Seagulls callingand waves crashing] [Smoking & health: a report to youth] [Narrator:] Have you everwondered about smoking? Like everyone-- [Film skips] [Up-tempo music] [TV spokeswoman:] Wantto be young again? To be in love-- [Couple on the beach] [Ad music continues] Change to Spray, the newcigarette for young Americans. [Cigarette pack zooms out] [Spray-- the cigarettefor young Americans] [Narrator:] Perhaps you'vealso read the warning on cigarette packs now requiredby the United States government on all commerciallyproduced cigarettes. [Caution: cigarette smokingmay be hazardous to you health] You hear much talk thesedays about cigarettes and their effects on health. Parents are talking,but so are others. The United States surgeongeneral, for instance, issued a report thatcaused much national alarm. It caused people of allages to think seriously about their habit of smokingand about their health. Young people, peoplein high schools, have most to lose becausethey have most of the health. [Music, "Feelin' Groovy" Simon & Garfunkel]"And you got no rhymes for me? Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy [Narrator:] But obviously,nobody falls over dead when he smokes a cigarette. You know lots ofpeople who smoke. You yourself may even smoke. Some people who don't smokehave gotten lung cancer. Although this is not common,it does add to the confusion. Well, what are the facts? Just what do we know aboutsmoking and its hazards to health? [Teens tossing a football] What effect does smokinghave on the body? [Animation with lungsbeing highlighted] Air first comes through themouth or nose into the trachea. Here it is divided intotwo bronchial tubes which carry the air into the lungs. The diaphragm is a sheet ofmuscles just beneath the lungs that serves as a sortof pump or bellows. The air is pumped into thelungs by the downward movement of the muscles. It works automatically. We never have to think about it. Inside, on the walls ofthe trachea, are the cilia. They are microscopic in size. But if we enlarge themthousands of times, we would see that theylook very much like wheat waving in a field. Their purpose is to clean theair, sweeping dust, pollen, and bacteria backinto the throat so they can eventuallybe brought to the mouth. This is what happens whena person clears his throat. This cleaning process isaided by a very thin layer of mucus, which is constantlycarried forward by the cilia. Here you can see theforeign particles falling onto the mucusand being swept forward, much like debris swept byocean waves towards the beach. [Ocean waves washing inland] [Detailed drawing of lungs] Deep inside each of the lungs iswhere air gets into the blood. The lung is not hollow as manypeople think, but contains small pouches called alveoli. [Ticking sound] The wall of each alveolusserves as a special membrane through which oxygenenters the blood and carbon dioxide leaves it. The total outsidedimension of the lung is not the important factor. It is the vast membranearea of all the walls of all the alveoli thatgives us the necessary space to properly exchangeoxygen and carbon dioxide. Scientists have calculated thatif alveoli in a healthy lung were broken apart andplaced side by side, they would cover an area equalto the size of this regulation tennis court. If a group ofalveoli in the lungs were removed ordestroyed, [Alerting sound effect] the amount of membrane areaavailable to the lung would be immediately reduced. You have seen how each partof the respiratory system does its own individual job. [Heart beating sounds] But let's go back toour original question. Is smoking actually harmful? [Traffic sounds] Smoke, like a number ofother things, is an irritant. All irritants that enter ourbreeding system are harmful. [Jet engine] [Rubbish can fire] [Incinerator stacksspewing smoke] [Man lighting-up] But smoking is byfar the most harmful. It not only tendsto put the greatest number of foreign particlesin our lungs at any one time, but these smoke particlesare also smaller. And it is more difficultto prevent them from reaching the lungs. To prove this to yourself ina simple experiment, try this. Light a cigarette and placea thickness of tissue paper over the other end. The dark spot you see was causedby millions of tiny particles contained in the smoke. There is no way to keepthese irritating particles from getting to thelungs, even with a filter. [Tissue paper passed around] What do these irritantsdo to our breathing? Since the tracheaand the bronchi are the first partsof the system that receive the irritantor smoke, they are the first partsthat are damaged. Remember the ciliafibers and their job of keeping the trachea clean? As these excessive gasesand particles increased, the action of the ciliafibers slows down. Over a period of time, theygradually wither and die. [Winding down sound fades out] [Glass breaking] [Light wind chime tinkle] Meanwhile, thebronchial tubes are receiving thoseforeign particles that the cilia couldn't stop. [Light wind chime tinkle] They, in turn, become inflamed,representing an early stage of chronic bronchitis, or asit is sometimes more popularly called, smoker's cough. [Coughing] [Light traffic, various peopleholding cigarettes] Although it takesyears for the lungs to become permanentlydamaged, this is definitely the beginning. Also, nicotine andother impurities are now entering thebloodstream by way of the lungs. And these, likeall other poisons, will cause harm to the body. What effect doesall of this actually have on a person's life? The first effectsa smoker notices are relativelyminor, nothing more than a slight coughor raw throat. [Man shuffling throughrecord albums] [Alarm clock buzzing] He will also probablyexperience heavy coughing upon awakening in the morning. This is his body's effortto remove the mucus built up overnight in thetrachea and bronchi, a job usually doneautomatically by the cilia, but now impossible due totheir damage from smoking. Later, if hecontinues to smoke, he may notice an actualdecrease in physical stamina. This doesn't mean that hecan't join in athletics. You probably knowmany smokers who do. But most athletesagree that smoking does impair enduranceand the ability to excel in top competition. [Water splashing] An outstanding swimmerwill still be good, but he can losethe expert breath control needed to shave offthose extra winning seconds. [Splashing] He may let the team down. [Woman runningto catch a cab] Although this effect firstbecomes evident with athletes, it is not limited to them. Others notice it too, especiallyas their smoking increases. These are early symptoms inthe lives of most smokers, only the beginning. [Footsteps] Bronchitis isbeginning to set in. Chronic bronchitis is muchmore common and dangerous than is generally known. As people continue to smoke,the constant irritation causes permanent damage tobody tissues, particularly the lungs. If we could see them,they would appear to be literally sprinkledwith tobacco stains, much the same as the darkspot in the tissue made by the cigarette inour earlier experiment. The even morecrippling condition called emphysema is theresult of the breakdown in the alveoli. When this happens,there are fewer walls left for this exchange.[Bubble pops] Remember our tennis court? Breathing capacityhas now been cut. [Bubble pops] As more and more ofthe lung is destroyed, the smoker gets short of breatheven with smaller amounts of exertion. Now normal daily activitiescan become major problems. [Heartbeat sound] The person is forcedto seek medical advice. If he seeks it soon enoughand follows it carefully his condition cansometimes be stopped from growing worse,but unfortunately not completely healed. [Heartbeat sound] Much of the harm already doneto the body is now permanent. And he must learnto live with it. [Heartbeat sound] If he fails to quit smokingand to follow medical advice, he will push this conditionuntil he can no longer remain on his feet. The almost inevitableresult is death. [Physician:] As a physician withthe Public Health Service, I work with patients withbronchitis and emphysema. In advanced stagesof the diseases, we see them inintensive care units. They need mechanical aidsand oxygen to even survive. [Physician's footsteps] One usually thinks of bronchitisand emphysema in relation to old people. And to a greatextent, this is true. However, we're seeing youngerpeople with bronchitis and emphysema sosevere that they do require hospitalization. I've seen hundredsof these patients. And I don't really haveto ask whether they've been heavy smokers or not. The answer is always the same. They have been. [Indiscriminate chatter] [Elevator opens, then dings] [Aids roll out a gurney] [Narrator:] This manhas lung cancer. Is it because hewas a heavy smoker? Probably. Statistics indicate an extremelyhigh causal relationship between lung cancer and smoking. [Surgical suite doors open] [River water flowing] What is the answer? Science has demonstrateda definite relationship between smokingand lung disease. The evidence is overwhelming. No doubt, some of you whosmoke don't intend to stop. Will you get lung disease? Chances are that you will. [Teens climbing on river rocks] Are you willing totake that chance? [Boys swimming] [Group sitting on rocks] [Music, "59th Stret Bridge Song" by Simon and Garfunkel] [Smoking & health: a report to youth] [Credits] [Singing] Slow down,you move too fast, you got to makethe morning last. Just kickin down thecobblestones, looking for fun and feeling groovy. Ba da da da da dafeeling groovy. Hello, lamp post,what you knowing? I come to watch yourflowers growing. Ain't you got norhymes for me? Doo-it-n-doo-doo, feeling groovy Ba da da da da dada feeling groovy. [Fade to black] [End trailer]