J.B. Jansen, Bookseller & Stationer No. 158 Nassau-street. 6 1835 250= John Kitzmiller New york John Kitzmiller John Kitzmiller John Kitzmiller P. Groree Letotas L Holnes Poland Trumble County Ohio jelotus Holmed Poland Trumble County Ohio Abborts Corner Stone A book Called Abborts Corner Stone Nov 1835 Notes taken from by Joseph M Smith M. D. Theory & Practice . I shall begin my Lecture with a general outline of the prisible of Patho- logy.. General Anatomy is the study of the human system generally or of particular tissues which use far the most the seat of diseases Pathology is that department of medicine which consists in the general doctrine of diceases. Disease consist in according to Bichat in a derangement of the vital properties living soleds big sensibility and contractibility or that condition of the human body in which those faculties properly it do not perform these function. Etiology is the cause of disease and Symptomotology the evidence of di- cease. The first must take place before the last and the last is the evidence of the for- -mer the first must necessarily lead us into the study of the nature of the diecan(?) The remote or predisposing cause or divided into the predisposing and a citing .. The proximate cause can hardly be defined all causes are find divided into remote and proximate. The proximate cause is that phenomenon of disease which immediately proceeds the disease. The predisposing cause never produces disease without the aid of a proximate cause. The greater remote causes are those that relate the constitutional idyosyncresy or temperament and here ditary disposition the exciting are ex- -teral influences such as poisons variation of temperature and climate foul air excess in eating and drinking &c. some of those acts as exciting and also as remote. Symtoms one particular phenamenan that takes place in either in particular for to or on the whole body are divided into those that the physi an may observe himself about which he asks no question such as the continued heat of the skin the state of the pulse full or weak slow or frequent the appearances of the tongue the effects upon the respiration the attention of [????] cough, hoarse hiccough the Colour of the skin yellow in liver effec tions the taste of the urine sweet or diabetes all change of size as atrophy of any partic ular part of the extremities and those that are communicate such as pain and the sensation of numbness of the feeling of the patient general and defined passion of the patient dreams & anxieties, symptoms are divided in to the pathognomonic diagn -ostic and prognostic the 1st. those that are ess- ential to any particular disease 2nd. those that distinguish one disease from another 3rd. those by which we foresee and anticipate the termination off all diseases. 2 nd Lecture, Symptoms are eath general or local according as the disease is general or local These are also symptoms which accur in a different part then that disease these are which called sympathetic. These are no tissue being diseased but what becomes the point of radiation of sympathetic symptoms. sympathetics are divided Into general and partial. The [former????] ting from the imitation of the accident or wounds is sometime called constitutional irritability. most affection of the stomach cause headach which may be giving as an example of partial sympathy in the hip disease called [morbus coxarris the pain is first infused to the knee in stone of the bladder the pain is felt at the end of the penis & gastric irritation results from the affection of the Kidnies nerves of the same side and not belonging not to the same trunk sometimes sympathies as in injury of the frontal move in which blindness takes place from the optic nerve being affected .. sympathy is div ided into 3 classes Continuous that which take place in the same tissue or argon Contagious that which extends to substances lying in contact with the substance primarily affec- ted and the remote affecting organs in different parts of the body. All sympatheis take place through the medium of the nerves. The great sympathetic is undou btdly the medium by which a disease organ affects another these are 3 modes in which disease terminate namely in health in other diseases and in death. The termin =ation of one disease in another is called the conversion of disease the conversion of diseases is reduced to 4 heads. To what end does disease naturaly tend? That power which tends to keep a body in health is called vis conservation and that power which tense to restore is called vis medicatres naturalness this power is allowed to act and is neither exception nor deficient it is always sufficient to preserve the patient disease do often result from the effects of sympathy may produce another different from the original diseases according to the previous habituas as the habit may by produced by the primary disease In a warmer infflamation effusions and seperation as example vis medicatres nature The changes cold [urating Hagis?] is refferred to the same power in calucis of the bileray ducts on which nausea and vomiting takes place to relax the system the priniple operates in animal and vegetable Creations as well as in man the system has the power of resis ting the power of [deleterious?] agents upon the body as in the resistance against the effects of heat. Then are different susceptibilities in different individuals in resisting morbid action some [1 stems] are so susceptible of morbid agents that then effects become immediately appoints. Poisons almost immediately exhibit themselves smallpox after a limitation indurate syphilis are those arise different in different people owing to there different Susceptibility. These are healthy ani =mals persons and morbid animal poison the section of the rattle snake is called a healthy animal poison the smallpox viris morbid animal poison accor= ding as they are unaccustomed 2 susceptibility or [aid position?] is necess ary before a poison can act 3 after the Constitution has been affected by a local disease action will not stop the constitutional disese for For example after being, in eoculated for the sma pox if tho Constitution has become affected the excision of the part will not affect the constitutioned affection. The system can not have Two diseases in the same (word crossed off) and and at the same time if a constitu tional diseases action is going in the sy- stem while there is a diposition to anot (-her?) the last will not take place until tho ceasing of the former. The mode of dis tingushing diseases. they are said to be idiopathic where they do not arise from another symptomatic arising from another are all general or local fixed or otherwise external as internal adomition depending an age or sex or temperment Contageous able of being caught sporadic find indemic peculiar to a Country epidemic prevalent as to [ca?eted] mild and acute subicute & maglignant & c Lecture 3rd" [Aovt?] 7th" Of the general principles of theorpeutiko Theaupritio is that department of medicine restrict relates to the treatment of diseses there are [2xxxx?] of treating diseases. The first is acute by which we attemper to cut off or arrest the disease in its first stage. The 2nd is the expectant from which much is reliance is placed upon the [vigncediar?] triy matura these are some diseases that all treated by the active mode as most kind of infla =mation others should be allowed to go on learni ng the cause to nature as intermittents & cutaneous disease which run a limited time. In treating diseases we have 3 indictions in view 1st the cause of the disease the disease itself & the effects of disease. The means or substances used to obtain the above intentions are called remedies any subt- -ances able to counteract the effects of former agents are remedies. Heat cold & air & are remedies They may cause the disease and it'll be remedies It is by observing the phenomenon of disease from which We are able to reduce. The indication of cure. In deciding upon diseases we must observe two Circumstances, 1st the particular circumstances of the patient [xxxxxteer?] a female young or old also the particular nature of the disease. In treating disease we must have reference to the particular in= dication of the disease instead of the general principles of cure how far are we to rely upon the indications furnished from remote causes The indications as own from this source is seldom Sufficient but in particular cases the only [dare XXXX?] of treatment as in poison from [Sub. Cr.Keth?] over is sometimes the remote causes of [apxxxxxlxx?] we are must remove this [plethora?] for the cure of the disease 2nd. The indications from the symptoms are much less to be released upon then the indications of the [illegible] Causes for in the care we treat not in disease but the evidence in [some?] case we are compelled to act prompt by to obvite a symptom when of the violent or dangerous Kind 3rd the indications arising from the [proximate?] causes or those arising from the particular nature of the disease are much more worthy of attention. Before laying down the method of the treatment we must consider everything relating to the Patient as habit former diseases, manner of living and the particular symtoms arising from the disease and then compare them with other diseases. The [modus operandi?] of medicine are next to be considered They are varied by Circumstances. They generally act upon the sensibility contractibility of the organs of the system some [medus operatei?] by sympathy y– others into the circulating. The [best view?] of operations is this. I have that excite and those that depress ---- Lecture 4th Nov 10th The means used to elevate the vital [xxx?] ers are stimulants medicine and nutriment those used to depress are called sedatives Blood letting and fastting. The effects of evac uents are to depress the system. I shall next speak of the classifications of diseases nosology -gy is that science by which we understand the classifications of Diecases --- Lecture 5. Nov 11th Instead of adopting any particular nosology, I shall after the manner of dr. Gregory divided diseases in to classes He divides all diseases into 2 great divisions Acute & chronic. The first of these he divides into 4 classes 1st Fepis 2nd [Exanthermatic?] or eruptive fevers 3rd Phlegmasia inflamatory diseases 4th hemorrhages The chronic divion into 5 class. 1st chronic diseases of the brain and spinal morrow 2nd chronic diseases of the Thorax 3rd Chylopoctic [uisera?] 4th uterine diseases & last constitutional Chronic diseases ..Fevers .. It is difficult to define Fevers It is the greatest importance to study the phenomona of this and all other diseases. The premoniry symptoms of this diseases are restless ness and uneasy sensations together with indis- -position a sense of cold this in the most malig -nant is sometimes wanting pain in some part as the head back hips & sounds calves of the legs but not always acute [anxnce?] of soreness over the whole body. The tongue is attend in its appearances for the most part a crust is [formed?] upon its upper surface in the begining white and cannot be seporated tea some brown yellow and even black sometimes white on the edges and yellow in the middle in some states the tongue is moist as others dry sometimes. [Ceverall?] only in the middl or on its edges The skin during cold stage the skin changes Its colours in the face it become rosy [ser?] after the chill tho heat rises above the natural temperatums in some forms then are continual diminutions of the temperation as in congestive fevers. The skin in same form became coverd with petechia [ribces?] also an increase of sensibility Lecture 6th Nov 12th Of the secretions and exhalations one of the most prominent symptoms are a diminutions of the sec tions. These are the most unvariable symptoms of fevers in fevers the pulse rises up to 130,40 and even in some cases higher then we can count but in some cases there is no increase of the pulse. The pulse varies in volum fuller small sometimes hard at others soft regular these [re?] egular. Respiration is more or less disturbed but generaly increased in frequency. In orifice is often present thirst generally sometimes the patient is delirious. The duration of fevers is various. The shorter terminates in 24 hours hence called Ephemoral some return at stated periods these or intermittens some one increased at certain periods called Remittens and in some there is perceived no exacerbations name a Continued. The peri- odical return of fevers are called paroxysms. The critical days are those 3.5.7.9.11.14.17.20 or 21 Lecture 7th [No?] 13th In my opinion where fevers have become establi -shed in the system nothing can cut it short but still it has a tendency to terminate on certain days either in health or by Death Lecture 8 nov 14th The difference between idiopathic and phlegm and diseases The difference are these 1st in phlegmasia the inflammation is confined one organ not so in idiopathic 2nd [thymobis?] appearances are entirely different 3rd the febrile excitement corresponds with the degree of the local inflammation modified of coursely the peculiar idiocynocracies. They differ 4th in progress and course 5th. These daily phenomina disagree. These are seldom sufficient to establish a difference between idiopathic and purely phlegmasial disease most remote causes act first locally. The proximate causes of fever consist in as peculiar morbid state of the nervous and vascular system which is propigated to the whole body. The condition of the flouids ist in fevers is by all supposed to be in [avitiated?] state and in most cases this condition is produced by the solids you cannot have unhealthy solids and at the same time healthy fluids Leture 9th Nov 16th all kinds of fevers assure one of three forms [big?] simple inflamible and congestion In symple there is first a state of opposess in excitement and collapse In symple fevers from long duration local inflammation may take place 2nd form or inflammation is that form in which there is some local inflammation besides the general excitement of fever 3rd form or congestion is that form of fever in which there is no reaction taking place owing to some [debility?] or by the congestion in the right ventricle of the heart impeded its action and cause great prostration of the system There is a event of temperature which Is lower then natural all the vessels convey ing black blood are in a congestive state. infla mation seldom accurs in this state of disease. Death from febrile disease may take place in various ways 1st some organ of vital imfor- tance may become deranged 2nd. By ex- haustion of the vital powers from long contin ued irritation or continued as [arita clisxx?] 3rd by sudden sensation of vital Phenomina as in cholera & others epidemics 4th from certain alterations in the blood incompitible with the continuance of life. These in different combinations may produce death. All Kinds of fevers are either intermittent on Continue on to the last be long the Bilious remitten Dysentary yellow plague Syno- chus and a particular fever which I shall notice as compound Lecture 10th Nov 17th Causes. The remote cause of fevers we infer only from these effects. We must first settle The question of contagion. In my opinion all Kinds of fevers all not contagion yellow plague Typhus. Billiaus are now and then [communiete?] by human effluvia. We have 2 great sources of diseases contagious as small poxs measles & infection embracing all kinds miasma Leture 11th Nov 18 Also metioration meaning all variations in tempurature. The different Kinds of infection are divided in 2 specles 1st exhaling from [man?] his and 2nd arrising from human filth called Koia and caio miasmata Lecture 12th Nov 19 Koino miasma include noxaus [bapaurs?] arising from cities new countries animal and vegetable decompositions It produces plague yellow fivers intormittens. idio miasma is produced from perspirable matter and from human filth arrising from the miasm. Tyhus in all its varieties this is indisguished from it according in high lattitide and cold cli -mates. Deseares are produced from the combinqtions of the 2 foregoing Patio Koine miasm such as Typhus in its most malig- nant from choleras, [XX] ----- Lecture 13th Nov 21st Koine miasmata may be divided into 2 species proto Koino miasmata and pro Koio miasmata[sometime?] [illegible] Lecture 14th Nov 24th Per Koino miasmata that product infect ius matter that produces yellow fever & plague and is that particular subject of quarantine of poison is imported in ships it will not prevail epidemically but remains confined to those that frequent. The infectious vessels but when of domestic origin it will rage epidemically because the cause is diffused yellow fever appears with in the tropics and the plague more which I consider enough to establish a differ- nece between the yellow fever is arrested by 320 Fahaenheat" In countrys were frost never accurs it is supposed by heavy rains or cool atmosphere Extreme dryness or Extreme wet wet has the same effects in opposing exhala tions. These is no fear after 20 days since exposure Lecture 15th Nov 25th idio miasma may also be divided in 2 species which may not be so well marked at the division of Koino miasma. Protedio miasma it arises in hospital jails &c. from miasma excess in eating and and dri nking and others Kinds of things which predis pose the constitution and most generaly produces Typhus fever. The fevers arising from this Kind of miasm is comparatively mild to those from arising from the other division of which we shall presently speake A Kind of puerperal fever arises from this Kind of in fiction called hospital or jail fever from 10 days to 3 weeks is the time in which this effection can be propagated _ perideo miasm arises from the same cause and imports where ventilating cannot take place affirm ing from the former only in degree when it arises from cloaths it is called [farvitz?]- idio Koino miasmata is divided into 2 species miasma Proto idio Koino miasma and [Vesidco?] [Koie?] Lecture 16th Nov 26th Infections miasms may generally be said to act as predisposing cause but still the predispos= ing may be come exciting cause. When miasma acts as predisposing causes many exciting causes may bring forth the disease as drin king to excess &c to gather with accidental inju ries meturation is that some of diseases arising from morphine changes independent of all miasm some discards arise from the sensible quantities and others from insensible state of the aid which circum stances affords a means of distinction in to those arising from the former called sensible metioration and into epidemic metioration. The first arise from cold heat dryness or moisture &d. The diseases arising from those source are catarrh and all kinds of inflammatory complaints. [Eptemic?] [rnetioration?] means that condition of the [sill?] which give praise to all epidemic diseases independent of infection. Lecture 17th Nov 27 Quotidians generally comes an in the morning The shortest intervel and largest at paroxysm Tertian in the forenoon the longist hot fit the Quartan in the Poll and longist paroxysm we may have particular quotidians effecting half the body cotinatiry Quotidians producing some other diseases as capalepsy protected Quo tidians anticipating comes on 2 hours earler than formly are the relaiding [aseaierse?] of of anticipating. The tertian and Quotidians Are often conected with others diseases. The long intermission the more difficult the Cure. The turtians and Quotidians are the most frequent. Intermittens change into Remittens Tertians and quartians in quotid ians Remittens sometimes become intermittent Quartians accur in the autumn and [begin?] ing of winter and are the most difficult of [Cure?] Lecture 18th Nov 28 Prognosis of intermittens. In notheran clim ates they generally result favorably In temperate they are sometimes dangerous, The danger to be apprehended is from viseral congestion particulary of the spleen and liver. Dropsy is sometimes the result of long continued intermittens. The cause of the enlargement of the abdominal viscera is owing to the frequent congestion during the cold stage. Relapses are more frequent in this kind then in any other fever which takes place on the .7.14 or 21 st days. [Then?] these is a tendency to relapses you may observe on the edges of the gums [asema?] Kable red appearance. Treatment in intermi ttens there are 2 general indications 1st To shorten the paroxysm to prevent a return of the paroxysm and to prevent a relapses. The treatment during the paroxysm may be div ided in to that to be used in the cold Hot & sweating stage 1 t to counteracts the cold stage and induce the hotly [pediluvium?] bottles of warm water to the feet warm drinks and plenty of clothing. During the hot stage the act ion of the heart or arteries are to be modified Blood letting is not employed but in autum nal intermittens the is sometimes a phlogistic diathesis other bloodletting is to used. The treatment in this stage should be tepid drinks to induce the sweating stage such as 1/4 gr of antimony soda powders or sometimes used [spir?] of minderinds acetic acid & [carbamnonic?] finds recomends as Bloodletting of ii dovers powders is the best form to administer opiium Diet should be a simple fluid nothing should be don during the sweating stage but avoidi ng all injurious food &d 2nd. The treatment during the intermission may be divided into that to be used immediately before the expected paroxysm and that through the whole intermission. That to be used immediately before the paroxism consists in stimulants sedatives & Emetics which are by exciting the heart & arteries--- Lecture 19th Dec 1st The most common remidy for preventing intermittens is opiium given one hour before the expected paroxism. Dovers powder may be used for the same purpose medicine [posessing?] tonic power are used during the whole in [termssian?] which should not be given only in a state of perfect appyrexia. Bark should [be?] always given in the intermission from [Zss?] to [Zy?] in Quotidians it should be given during the whole paroxism not so in [tertias?] & [Quarciars?]. Quinine should given 1 gr every 2 hours--- Lecture 20th Dec 2 The best remedy belonging metalic substan ces is arsenic known by the name of Foulers solution_ This medicine is apt to accumu late in the system. In Quotidians it should be given at stated periods during the whole intermission and the same of tertians & Qua dians. The evidence that arsenic has effected the system is swollen cheeks. Sulp. Jinci Copper & Iron have been used in agues and also the prussiate of iron. To prevent relapses you can [occasionaly?] give tonic medicine of enlargement of any of the visceral [agars?] has taken place you may give small doses of [calomel?] combined with tonics. Remittens are character ised by periodical remissions and exasbasiour of fever. In its most violent form it is called Bilious Remitten. It rises from Proto Koino miasoma. In the advanced stage this fever assumes all the characterised form of typhus It accurs in summer or autumn Lecture 21st Dec 3rd After about 2 hours remission. The disease returns and goes through its former types. The The respiration is oppressed and sometimes the pulse is both hurried and irregular. The ton gue in the typhoid type becomes covered with a black fur and the teeth with [so?der] in order to determine which or the The fever is of a simple form we must inqui er as to the condition of the interal organs. When the Brain is affected there is intolerance of light a loaded state of the eyes pain and delirium. Pain an epigastric regain death?] inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. When the respiratory organs all affected the is pain difficulty of Respiration and cough. The congestive form of fever is of rare occurrence and it is the most danger ous. It makes its attack like other forms of fever that is [ragars?] but most generally then is no reaction the tongue covered as in other forms sometimes clean Red & Glassy sometimes scrolled impaired [speech?] and a tendency to [coma?] in the early stage of the disease all these symptoms depend upon an accumu lation of Blood in the veins. Lecture 22nd Dec 4th Treatments of simple & inflammatory fever 1st modify the violence of the cotter[cross out] artiral action and prevent local inflamm ation. The period for bloodletting is in mediate on the accession or the highs of state [cross out] the exacerbations of the disease in the inflammatory state if general bloodletting will not Answer you can have [recorse to laed?] Bloodletting Emeticts are among the most powerful means for reducing the power of the heart and arteries and may be [complyed?] at any time when there is foulness of the tongue and others symptoms of derang ed stomach cathartics all necessary to evac uate the contents of the congestive organs canal. The best of all is calomel Lecture 23nd Dec 5th Diaphoretics are sometimes used where there is no gastric irritatons the best are antimony & Ipicacuana If the exacerbations return regul arly with violent and other symptoms corres pondency gives calomal in frequent doses combined with other laxatives and must be [pursued?] in till the disease yealds salivation does no good. When Remittens fever has assum ed the low typhoid Kind calomel should be administered with caution besides all other cathartics medicine. Cold water is an ex cellent remedy in intermittens and should be used when an exacerbation is of [xxxxx?] es to its hights Lecture 24th Dec 8th In order accomplich the [relief?] of particular organ from inflammation or congestion the practitioner should have recourse to coun terirritants as blisters. The time to employ Blisters must be regulated by the condition of the vascular and nervous system. In general opii is an [indispeneiple?] in first stage of Remittens fever. The Dovers powders are the best forms to use it when necessary. The tongue becoming moist & red on the edge the con tinuance [nuied?] the bowls easily moved. The skin moist and the [senses?] more active are indictions of a favorable resoultions The The food should be of the lightest Kind a handy water thin juice arrow root. Sometimes this Fever in its latter stage runs into the low Typhoid Type. There you must imploy such remides as are recmmended in Typhus Fever treatment of the congestion fever the principle indications is to leave this venous circulation. The great [aebility?] observed 3 in the beginning of the disease is only apparent To release the venous system venecestion is absolutely necessary. If the pulse is feeble the temperature greatly diminished and all the organs of the body extremely effected bleeding should not have recourse too immediately but apply some stimulants to the body and endeavors to [souse?] the system if the pulse is not excited by bleeding you must stop immediately so you must narrowly examine the pulse. When you first [opri thi?] vain the blood only seen down on the arm Lecture 25th Dec 9th If after taking 2 or 3 ozes blood. The pulse does not [pair?] you must stop and apply stimulants for a short time then you must have recourse to the lanced again. You must give calomal and its effects are sometimes remarkable restraining all The deranged functions to the natural conditions If the congestive state is removed it either but the simple or inflammartory form or else its term minates in health of it assume the 1st or 2nd yours remides must be accordingly Lecture 26th Dec 11 The only difference between intermitten & remitten fever and dysentery is an inflammation of the mucous membran of the intestines in the latter all being produced by the same miasma Proto Koino miasma dysentery often asumes a a tertian type. The symptoms are langour chill iness loss of [apitete?] nausea and sometime vo(m) iting constipation flatulency the bowels follow by griping pains with frequent desire to evac uate the bowels which is small in quanity resin ling the washing of meat. The tongue coverd with a whitish or yellow fur. Sometime any or [claneing?] pulse frequent with spasms [apthae?] in the mouth and petechiea on the skin and bowls tumified in the worst Kind stage of the disease. It sometime [terries?] in a few days or puts on a chronis form sometimes instead of fever the disease begings with effections of the bowls. Lecture 27th Dec 12th Dysentary Treatment in asehetes anasarca and pulmonary affections odema of the feet is a common thing. In chronic dysentary The intestines are relaxed and ulcerated Which causes a continual discharge 5 The appitide is not always impaired Treatment you must moderate the action of the heart and arteries reduce abdomi al inflammation and hepatic engorgement if the disease is violent you must use the lancet early in the disease. Emetics do great service in the disease restoring the hel[cross out] healthy action of the skin and equalising the circulation. Ia pair baruish 1 Gallon Flaxseed oil 1 " Spirits of Turpentin ½ (a?) Umber ½ " Litharge ½ " Sugar of [Le a o6?] ½ " Re do ditto ½ " Gum Shallac The shallac must not be added untill the ofter Ingrediants are dissolved. The turpentine is a add when the whole is nearly [Cole?] Bite of an adder The poison of this reptile is [loageds?] in capsules, at the roots of two moveable fangs in the uper jaws. Effects on the human subject are acute pain and a burning sensation in the part effected which soon begins to swell. The pain heat, swelling, redness tenderness quickly extends to a considerable distance Dejection of Spirits syncopi a frequent, small irregular pulse breathing, difficulty headach confusion of vision vertigo, nausea and a convul sion vomiting of billous matter, atden with pain at the naval & Treatment Consist of local and constitutional by the former we endeavor to pru- enr the absorption of the venom by the latter we strir to avert the ill effect of the venom which take place. The most prompt cure is the excision of the bitten part bitten. A [li???????], compared 7 of half an ounce of terpentine the same quantity of Ammonia and the same of olive oil, Cathartic cilysters were exhi bited as soon as the patients began to purge and the arsenic was [????? ??]. The formula used by Mr Ireland is as [viz .V Y ij?] of liquor arsenicalis. ten drops tincture opii in Ziss of peppermints water. The draught was repeated every half hour for four hours in Succession to the above former la was added Zss of lemon juices Lact Cooper Pine grove Nov 16th 1836 Hydrops & Hydnps In general Symptoms It aching cough, short, and difacult breathing, dysphony chokeing sensations high fever frequent pulse, hot, and dry skin urine small in quantity 9 There is a sweet Copal Varnish Is made as vej Res 2th Gum Copal. dissolved [take?] a Copper or [Brg Ritte?] with a lid freequently Stired at first the the Gum well look frothey when entirly dissolved it will drop from the rod daus let it get to hot. Can easaly be perceived seeing it smoke to much commence with a slow fire when dissolved add to each 2 to Gum one Quart of oil linseed pretty hot stir it when pose a in with [ch?] Quan tiy it are a Glab and where [thu it is good?] it draws about 18 inches like [Kind?] then put it our [?t?] fire a [????] to clear it. the oil must be boiled with a little [xxlonger?] fist about ¼ to of the lich get to the [XX] when the oil Gum is mixed and stood a little while then add to each 2 to of Gum about 32ts of Spirits of Turpentine 13 Copal Varnish 2" Gum Capol – [and?] 2t linseed oil. 2 g litarge well boiled 1/4 to [b.v] Turpentine. 22ts of Tu pentine to g to of Gum 2 to Gum Copal ¼ " [b?] Turpentine add and dissolve thus add the oil bailing hot a moderate boil them let the Gum & Turpentine stance until cooler then add the Turpentine John B Beck matiria medical medical jurisprudence. Lecture 1st Nov 4 materia medica is that broch of medical science by which we know the properties medical agents used in the cure of diseases It is divided into 3 great divisions chemistry pharmacy and Theraputics. The classification is founded upon the effect produced upon the living system The classifications of murry is founded upon a manner boule basis therefore shall give on after this 1 st those agents acting on the congestive organs 2 nd Those that acts upon the circulations 3 rd Those that acts upon the nervus system 4 th Those that acts upon the muscular system 5 th Those that acts upon cutaneous surface 6 th those acting on the respiration 7 th Those acting on the urinary system 8 th Those acting on the general organs In the first place the physical quanitus as taste smell are to be noticed in the 3nd the chemical qua lities by this we shall be unable to separate vegitables substances nominent matter also by this we shall learn the relations one substance has to anther so that we may be enable to gives Substance that shall not [xx] compare each other. Besides we are to notice their medi al qualities by which we are to know the effects upon the living system which is to us this most usefull and important. Lecture 2nd Nov 5 Before treating of the general effects of medicine upon the living system. I think proper to give you some arrangement and definition of terms. The human body is composed of solids and fluids the last predominating as 6 to 1. The solads may be reviewed 2 ways In the first place the body consists of different organs and each organ of different [eleroder ty?] principles. All the substances constituting the body may be reduced to the followings orders 1 st cerous system comprising Bones 2 nd The muscular Dito muscles 3 rd The fibrous " " " Tendons 4 th Cartilaginous " " Cartilage 5 th Cellular " " cellular membranes 6 th Nervious " " Nerves 7 th Glandular " all glandularbodies 8 th Cerivus " the arachnoid Peritoneums 9th Vascular Artiers veins absorbents & 10th Tegamentury the skin and all secreting surfences that have an extremal opening to which medicine for the most part are applied. The muscular is an anged under this devision and is divided into 2 divisions. The gastro pulmonary and geneto urinary. The first lines the digestive and respiratory organs and the second and the parts subservient to generation. Every portions of the mucous membrane has 2 surface and adhering to the neighboring parts and the free and open coverd with villi papili &. The mucous membrane has 2 Kinds of sympathy that exerted upon itself as when one part is irritated an other portion of the same argon is also exciter and that the sympathy it exercises upon other organs as upon the heart and eateries, The effect of medicine may be arrange in 2 Classes Physiological & Therapeutictes the [1st?] is that influence which medicine may [cross out] has upon where in perfect health like a [cmetic?]. The first may again be reducd Into primary and local & secondary –local has that effect upon the surfaces in [commer iate?] contacts. Secondary when by contacts excites some influence upon foreign parts me dicine acts upon the blood vessles of the part in contacts with upon the nerves and both conjointly & some upon the mouths absorbents The secondary effects are the result of the local impression Calomal is an example of this when taken into the stomach it primarily effects that organ & secondarily produce an effect equally throughout the mucous membrane from the mouth to the anus sometime to the vascular system as digitalis some on the Glands as Iodine. All substances produce effects upon the surfaces to which the are aplied in accordance to the nature of the substances taken and the pecular sensibility of the part. Why substances act & of the manner eve cannot tell. Parts are only effected 2 ways either by the nerves or blood vessels. The action produced by the ner vious system is sympathy differing in effects some primary or continued sympathy Others by contagious &c. Medicin act first on the stomach [whis?] communicate to the brane and [thence?] generally over the which system this is the case with [opiums???] Lecture 3nd Nov 6th Can any medical substance into the circu lation. If substance enter into the circulat(ion) it must impregnate some of the secretion If it is found that substances taken in the Stomach are after wards in the chyle [blood?] and findally in the [solads?] themselves we must conclude that substances do enter the circulation Indigo has been detected in the chyle being injected in the jejunum of a dog. That substance enter into the blood is better established than they enter the [chefe?] musk has been detected in the blood by the smell. The experiments made on animals and from [alonogeue?] say they will take place upon and That substance [taken?] in the stomach are sometime detected in the urine has been [eftablache or?] without any doubt such as [tormen?] prussiate of [from?] and potassium The urine of those who have taken large qunities of [barlisain?] have the smell of [myrrh?]. Foreign substances have been detected in the bones as prusian blue madder. The bones of the foetes have been [coulaured?] by feeding the mother upon madder. There are them the means [xxx?] by which medicine act either by sympathy Transmition or absortion. medicin(e) do not always act the same in the same manner but they are at [allxxx?] by a great many [circumstances?] such as age. In infancy vom iting is excited without difficulty cathartics operate much easier in youth than in old age and as we advance in age from the excitement the sensibility of the almantary canal becomes impaired. The different effects of blood lettingline in youth and old age is very [apparist?]. Children will not bear as much bloodleting as the aged they frequently faint from small extractions 2nd [sex?] alters and modifies the effects of medicin(e) are more easy made upon a female then upon a male half the quanties of muscary for a male is sufficient for a female 3rd the general habits And particular constitutions modify, the effects of medical agents country and climate modify greatly the effects of medicine remedies bloodletting is better born in Cold than in hot Climates have been obtained. I shall now speak of thoes agents which act more decitly open the digestive apparatis. The 1st are Emetics or there which produce vomiting. The organs acted upon by this Class of medicine are 1st the stomach which is a m- uscular bag which is in a shape of a bagpipe having two communications the one called the [Caidiove?] orifice the other pylorus. It is also divided with great and the small ends. It has 3 [Coutes?] the peritoneal the muscular and the villious. The 2nd last one than which we must more particulary consider. The contractions of the stomach do not always general but particular parts contract succ- essively which gives rain to that motion called ver muscular. Next the duodenum which is the is the upon portion of the canal and is joined to the Pyloris orifice of the stomach. It is about two fingers in length from which its name has been arrived Next the liver its situation is in the right hypoch- ondriac region to use is to Secrete the bile and is joined to the duodenum by the ductes [commend?] Lecture 5 Nov 10th of the effects of medicine upon the systems of [Emetics?]. When [Emetics?] are first taken into the stomach no immediate effects are produced in about 1/4 of an hour slight nausea and head ach &c. which increase until vomi ting is produced after the Emetic has sub sided the pulse will slow and fuller then wilst vomiting is going but not so full as natural. When an Emetics is taken it comes in contact with the mucous membrane of the stomach and produces particulatar ac tion in which are increase flow of blood take place to the part with an increase with all its secretions. It may be compaired to the excitement produced by aerid subst ance upon the salivary glands. An action in the liver is also excited owing to exciting agents producing an effect on the extremity of its secreting ducts. An action is by the same mean excited in the pancreas. The matter discharged differs according to the different secretions of the different organ called into ac tion. An effect is produced by Emetics upon the brain and nerves as vertigo nausea and accusingly fainting. Emetics produce upon the Lymphatics so as increase the absorption The absorption is according the degree of nausea Lecture 6th Nov 11th In old age Emetics may be injurious from the general tendency to congestion to the brain sex also modify the operation of an Emetics ½ a dose being sufficient for a female Emetics ought not be used in advanced stage of pregnancy. [Emetics?] to a certain degree effects there medicin a fre- quent refutation instead of lessening the sensi bility of the stomach increases It a vast degr ee. Deceases modifies to the greatest degree of effects of medicine. Where there is any organic deseases of the vascular system Emetics are dangerous remedies. In extreme cases of [dibility?] Emetics should not be used. General rules to be observed in giving Emetics should be giving in an empty stomach. They should let dissolved in small quanitys of water nothing should be giving until nausea is produced then disturb the stomach to aid the mechalie as action. In plethoric patients blood should be drawn before an Emetics is given… Lecture 7 Nov 12th A consideration of individual Emetics but before going in minute description we show attempt to define the communal principal of all vegetables. All substances belonging to the vegetable Kingdom may be considered as consisti ng of 2 Divisions of the principals. The ultimate Elements consist of hydrogen oxygen carbon & nitrogen the different combinations constitute there proximate cause principles is always acid when the oxygen is in excess. Carbon resinous or [abeoholies?] when hydrogen predom inates when all these elements are equally combin ed they are neither acid resinous nor alcohol ic when nitrogen is founded in combination vegetable are [alkaline?] Gum is found in all young vegetables when dissolved in water it is called [mucilage?] this is [insoluble?] in alcohol & Eather is founded in all parts of the vegetable & is obtained by [exuastion?] Resin is obtained by [firtes?] an essentials oil not soluble in water. Resin containing being our acid and is caller [Balsumse?] Gum. Resin are made up of gum and risen and one practically solible in both water and alcohol diluted with with water. This is the basins of all vegetable extract The bitterness of some plants depend not upon a particular principles but on a particular Subs tance as [quinine?] in Cortex Pura & Striceim in nux vomica. Tanner's is the astringe principles and is solible both in hot & cold water forms a black Mass with salts of Iron and [thaus?] down an insoluble preacippitate with gelation [Fieulaxists?] in the seeds of grain and is the same as common starch camphor exudes from par ticular vegetables. There is also particular fixed voatile oiles vegitable acids & vegitable alkali nes the fixed oiles & vegitable alkiline from soaps Lecture 1st on Jurisprudence By Jurisprudence is meant that science conserv ing the evidence of medical men before Courts of Justice. The first general Class is that in which human life is condensed. Foeticide or the destruction of Foetus. There are 2 questions which you might he asked and on which you must be prepaid to give an answer wether an abortion has actually taken place and what might be the cause. The embryo is in a state of vitality from the first in stand of Conception in the evidences whether an abortion has taken place are to be drawn from an examination of its reputed mother and from the substances which this have may been discharged. In the 2 first months of pregnency no evidences can be draw by an examination of the mother after this time You can be more certain the external parts be tumified and of a dark red colour and and relaxed vagina preternaturally large and relaxed neck of uterus indistined the mouth dilated and edges flabby. There is also a lochiac discharge for some time after deliv ery which is the first instance red and after[xxxx?] changes to white or yellow. You must next notice the abdomen whether flaccid also white lines may be seen running from the loins toward the nail. Also observe the enlargement of the breasts which takes place in about 3th on after conception and are also painful to the [tuch?] with a cretion of [milk?] having an [xxxeteo?] of 1 or 1½ inches in diameter around the nipple of a dark brow colour use should make our examination in Eight & ten days … Lecture 8th Nov 16 of individual emetics agents. Ipecacu anha is a native of Brazil. The sort of which is the pastured is 3, 4 inches in length In churning this sort the largest streaks with A Kind of resians fracture these are the best This plant contains a peculiar principle called Emetics It is solible partly in water and part ly in alcohol. Beside the general affects of emetics is has a peculiar mildness in its operations its action is particularly exerted upon the mucous membranes exciting an co pious secretion in some [frarsdous?] the occur of this substance produces some of the most distressing symptoms. The dose in powder is from 13 to 20 grains. the dose of the wine a teaspoonful. 1/16 of a gr of the emetic produces vomiting. Tart antimony and potass or Tart Emetic. This is not found in a native state. This substance in prepaired by the action of water upon [protopic?] of antimo ny and super tartred of Patass start Emetics is in soluble in alcohol not perfect, in water Tincture. Decoction & bitter in effection should not be given in combination with this substance acts with power find effects & with certainty. This substance is not to easily thrown of the stomach as Ipecacuanha its operations is not confined to the stomach but acts upon the liver and increases the quanity of the bile Its effects upon the surface and upon the whole system is more power full than Ipecacuanha___ Lecture 8th Nov 17th The ordering way of using tart Emetics by dissolving 2 or 3 grains in disstilled water and given in divided doses. It is sometimes giving [????] Called the vinum antimony sherry [wine?] is the best Kind [Sulp Ziuei?] is found [greenery?] in a native State. There are 2 modes for Pre paring this substances the first is by expairing the [Sulphurett of Zink?] to the action of the heat the common method is by combining Zink and Sulphur e acid. this salt has no smell but a Styptic tart insolible in alcohol as an Emetic this substance acts powerfully and effectually and is usefull when you wish suddenly to evacuate the constents of the stomach and it also acts upon the mucous membrane it is usefull in cares in poisons & croup Dose 10 to 20 grs sulp Copper is also prepaired from the sulple urett in the same manner as the preciding It has no smell but a harsh styptic taste solible both in hot and cold water but in alcohol. This article is the most study and most powerful Emetics we possess and is usefull in parlaysis of the sto mach its dose is from 5 to 10 grains___ Corphaliea Ipecacuanha or American Ipe cac. The part used is the root and may be obtained in all seasons of the year the taste sweetish its virtues resembles in some [measor?] the common Ipaeca only it is liable to produce catharsis If given in large quanitys and produces vomiting. There constitutes the difference dose from 10 to 13 [Spira Ftifolata?] on Indian Tobacco. The root of the plant is perennial and the only part used is the bark of the root it is destitute of smell it as a bitterish taste its effects are like the American Ipecacus & are 30 grains [Anthemus nobilos or Chamimils?]. The part used is the flower they are of 2 Kinds the sing le on double flower the latter is the effects of cultivations The former is the best. This flower has a fragant smell and bitter taste when used an effusion is made in in warm water. Scilla maritima or Syuill grown in the coast of Spain it has a bulous extreme which is the part used. there are 2 varities the white and red. They do not differ in there medical qualities. They have no Smell but a bitterish neuseas taste this ar ticle may be dissolved in water alcohol or vinegar. Its active property has a peculiar proper ty called seillative some of its effects has strengthening. It excites the [oresctiars?] of the Bronchiae diseases unaccompanied by in flammation will be found an excellent aticle____ Lecture 10th Nov 18 This article is uncerteant in its operation in large doses it sometimes acts as an noseotic poison 24 grains has proved fatto dose 1 to ijz vinegar of squill. Sinopis or mustard is sometimes used as an Emetic there are two Kinds Albra and nigrus. The parts used are the seeds as an Emetics they powerfully are used when others fail brune the seeds and give and a teaspoonfuls. Lobelia Inflata or Ind ian Tobacco is found in the united States the time for gathering it is when in flowers. Both water & alcohol extracts its actives property it is powerful and acts promptly It produces a decided effect upon the bronchia 2nd decided effects upon the [ar rears?] system and is more opt to evacuations from the bowels then [an arising?] Emetics. Besides an Emetics it has combined a narcotic & Antis patmodics effects It may be given in Substance or in tincture doses 1 z or a teaspoonful. The Practical exhiltion of Emetics By fiver is meant a disease of the whole system Charac terized by its own partial symptoms. In all cases or Kinds of fivers Emetics are full Lecture 11th Nov 19th The indications are to make an impression upon the mucous membrane of the biliary organs equliso the circulation and relaxed the system The 2 last may be done better by bloodletting. The indication of making an in prossion on the mucous membrane are loss of appetite & When such sympathics are present emetics may safely be given for the symptoms are evidence of functional derangement only but in signs of [amitations?] and inflammation and tenderness on the pressure of the hypogastric region they would be hurtfull. In intermittens emetics should be given during the hot stage in nauseating doses. They are inadmissible in the in the cold and sweating stage the best time is between the paroxism followed by opiates. In remittens Emetics should be given when the stomach & liver are effected they should Be given in the early stage of the disease as Preliminarly to other medicine Lecture 12th Nov 20 In the mild remittens they may be given also at all times unless in care in great [xxx ity?] In Bilious Remittens they should be given(crossed out) used with great caution particularly if there is great irritation and tendency to inflamma tion in simple Typhus a regard must be had to its different stages and Emetics should be given in the first stage or cold stage In inflammations Typhus Emetics should be used with greater Caution__ Lecture 13th Nov 21st In inflammatory Typhus we should always deplete the system before giving an Emetic and in such cases there should be some gastrics irritations. In Congestive Typhus the great object is to bring about reaction for which bloodletting is sometimes used together with the warm both its a general rule emetics are inadmissible in The 1st stages of congestion fibrus. From what have been said there general deduction may be infered. That such Emetics that act upon the mucous membrane of the liver & relax th(e) system generally should be chosen. The first stage of fevers is with. [Few?] exceptions the last to give Emetics. In inflammation the object is to reduce the general as well as the local excitement Emetics may be used when inflam mation is moderated and in proportion as the inflammation runs high Emetics are objectionable In inflammation of the mucous membrane Emetics should not be given Lecture 14th Nov22nd Cathartics are those mdicine that increase the evacuations from the intestines as given in particular doses to produces purging. The organs [xxxmedely?] acted upon by these agents Are the intestines Liver & Pancreas. By the muscular Coati of the intestines a peculiar action is produced ed called the peristalis by which the contents of the intestines are propeld downwards. In the large intestines this nation is much more less then in the small which is obviated by the exertion of abdominas muscles after tak- ing a cathartic the first effects is produced which generally produces a digest for food sometime nauseas and even vomiting. If the medicine is retained increased heat and [sive lling?] ensues and after sometime colic pain are produced in the bowels and generally a discharge from the bowels take place after ope ration of the Cathartics the patient is less with las(s)itude and tendency to sleep. Cathartics differ in the extend of these operations some acting on the whole length of the canal and other limited to particular parts. The evacu ations are called by the medicine or the food Hematoxylin makes these blood red Senna [agreen cast?] the secretions of the portion of the mucous membrane lining the mouth instead of living increased or diminished but in a morbid state the secretions may be [xxxx rd?]. The effects upon the vascular system is to cause the pulse to be small and frequent aft- er the effects have ceased the pulse lessens in frequency and returns to its natural state age modifies the effects of Cathartics in youth they operate more readily___ Lecture 15th Nov 26 As a general rule Cathartics should be gin en on an empty stomach hence the best time is in the morning. As soon as the Cathar tics begins to operate give some warm diluents as Barly water to gain the full effects of Cathartics medicine the patient should be kept on di luents for at least 24 hours. you should always examine the Evacuation Castor oil is obtain ed from the resen communis seeds which is a native of the indians and is extentively cultiva ted in Europe and united states. It is obtained by boiling or expressing. It has no smell but a bitterish taste it is solible in alcohol & Eathers its operation is in a great measure limited merly empting the existing contents of the stom ach and intestines It seldom produces debility to the system and operates often in 2 or 3 hours and seldom exceeds 4 hours it is less apt to leave the system in a eastern state than many other Dose 1 oz... magnesia is an alkaline Earth which is used in medicine 2 states the carbon & oxide exposed to the atmosphere it is in affected with acids it [effervesces?] and by the action of heat is decomposed which constitutes the oxide or sulph magnesia which must not to exposed to the air. It is void of taste smell and colour to disguish better the 2nd you must add sulphacia and if [effervesane?] takes place it is the carbon and if chalk is mixed the same test will detect it. This article is a mild laxative and owes its activity to meeting an acid in the stomach... Lecture 17th Nov 27 Jurisprudence Diuretics have been used To obtain to abortion. The distilled ails of juniper fails to produce this effect Cantharades have in some cases succeeded but thes are no medi cines certain in producing abortions Emenugogues such as sauin(sarin?) murcerg(mercury?) Ergot have been used blows an injuries on the back [loaur?] and abdomen have sometime produced abortion. Instoments have been introduced into the womb breaking the membranes thereby producing abortions The life of the mother is always endangered in attempts of this Kind. Any disease or [intxxx?] of the genital system may bring on abortion Infanticili means the distraction of the child after it is bain . The questions presenting themselves are was the child born alive or was it born dead or was its death produced by criminals means. If the blood has circulated and the child respires would be sufficients proof that the child was born alive. But before I proceed to prove this I must first describe the circulation of the foetes. The foetes carries blood from the placenta by the [breans?] of the umbillica artery which enters the liver by the fissure which divides it into two lobes Part distributed to the liver and part of enters directly the vena cava by means of the ductous venosus. The foramen ovle is the hole through the system dividing the two auricles and has a value attached to ¾ of its circumference the ductus arterious passes across the pulmonic artery to the aorta Lecture 18th Nov 30 th Sulphur is found native and in combination when nature it is bright yellow streaks It is gen erally obtained from Pyretic by sublimation sublimed sulphur is used in medicine it is yell ow has no taste or smell except when heated it is a gentle laxative & produces its effects on the lower intestines dose from the ℥1/2 to ij℥ c-- manna is obtained from the fraxinus ornus or ash tree growing in Sicily whitish pale colour with a sweetish taste solible in alcohol besides sugar a substance called manna has been discovered as belonging to Sulphur it must be given in large doses which is apt to derange the stomach on this on this [accam?] it is generally used in combination with other Cathartics dose from 1 to 2 drams_ Cassia Senna is found in India Russia brasills a mild laxative and must be taken In considerable doses from 4 to 6℥. Tar Potass- or Cream Tatar is obtained from the casks_ containing wine and irregular crystals taste sharp and acrid and solible both in hot & cold water mild laxative and to produce much effects given in doses from ½ to 1 ℥ dissolves in water and sweeten with sugar cassia maralan dica is found in the most parts of the united states its operations resemble the foreign Senna differing only in strength. Rhubarb or Rhei Palmatum indiginous in tartary gathered in spring and autumn peculiar aromatic odour and slightly bitter taste partly solible in both water and alcohol a peculiar priciple has been detected called rubarbaren action in common doses mild in large doses produ ces some griping has no exciting effects besides cathartic effects it is tonic and astringent dose from x to xxx to llll.... Lecture 19th Dec 1st aloes Socotarina is the juice of a plant grow ing in in Barbadoes of a red brown colour pleas ant and aromatic odour solible in dilutes alcohol partly in boiling water It is slow in producing its effects 18 or 20 hours it does not derange the stomach but rather strengthens it It exerts an influence over the biliary organs increasing its secretions. In action is peculiar or the large intestines particularly the rectum the best form is fills V to X granis. [Pallop Conea loulus?] grows in mexico, The parts used are the roots of a pale brown yellow colour it has a peculiar smell and a sweetish taste solible in diluted alcohol produces watery stolls griping and nausea. It debilitates the System operating through the whole intestines alcohol dose XX to XXX. Generally, given in combination with calomel May Aple or podophiylum peltatum is found in all ports of the united states the root is only used the root is of a brown colour on the outside it is of an acrid and bitter taste In it effects it resemble jalaps differing in prompting Dose XX to XXXX gr scammony convaluous native of China, root perennial a gum resin is obtain from the root by exudation this are 2 Kinds allep and Smyrna latter acrid taste and hearig smell solible in diluted alcohol a very action cathartic resembling Jalap It is seldom given except in combination with pallop Dose from 10 to XX gr or half of each colocynthides cucuncus native of turkey a very powerful drastic purgative. it produces sometime from the rectum a bloody discharge generally given in combination if alones from 2 .6.8 gr Gamboge statag matis native of ceylon orange yellow colour no smell and but little taste a drastic cathartic produces much griping the most speedy cathartic of all dose from 2. 3 to 4 grains croton oil elutheria is obtained from seeds belong ing to a particular tree called tiglium it is a powerful Cathartic producing watery stools. It is opt to effect the stomach besides producing griping pains. The mode of giving It is in pills made from the oil with break or soap cask pill containing from ¼ to 2 drops 1 pill dose.... Lecture 20th Dec 2nd elaterium [mo?modica] or wild Cucumber resembling our common Cucumber and is A drastic purgative the best is obtained by incising them and drying the juice of agr cen grey colour with a bitter and [aeriatore?] eletin is the active principles a hydragogue cathartic is violent and apt to produce sickness dose from the to to to gram natral salts sulpas sada or glauber Salts is sometimes found native bitter nauseates solible in 3 parts in cold & 2 parts in boiling water in solible in alcohol mild in its operation dose from 1 to 2 oz. sulphus mag epsom salt it is also found in native bitter nauseates taste solible in water insolible in alcohol dose from 1 to 2 oz. Tartras potass (et?) soda rochelle Salts bitter taste solible in water and similar to the others salts in its operation dose from 1 to 2 oz. tartar potasae solible in water dose from 1 to 2 oz sulphus Potass or vitriolated tarter solluble in 16 parts cold water and 5 parts in boiling this is seldom given in combination with other cathartics as Rhei Phosphos soda or tasteless salt is obtains from calcined bones mild in its operation producing no irritation dose 1oz___ lecture 21st Dec 3rd murcery submuriate or calomel someti mes is found native but seldom has no taste nor smell and when perfectly pun is insolible in water. It is not effected by atmosphere and if exposed for a long time to light it becomes black It peculiarly effects the mucous membrane of the intes tines and effects the liver producing an in creased secretion of bile slow in its operati on it sometimes produces irises which is owing to the sympathy between the stomach and liver dose from 5 to 20 gram Blpill is compared of conserve of rose and mercury dose 5 grs effect similar to Calomel lecture 22nd Dec 4th in the foetal state the lungs are small and weigh less then when after respiration on the oth er hand the liver is much larger in the foetal state will be of a dark brown colour and of greater consistence then after respiration and sink in water In the foetal state the diaphragm is much arched owing to the great size of the liver and the smallness of the lungs. Lecture 23rd Dec 7th the practical application of cathartics in Fevers 1st to obviate the [costiveness?] 2nd to pro mote these secretions in mucous lining of the capial 3rd promoting the secretion of the liver and finely having the same effects upon the whole abdominals viscera [Broutia?] theory of the use of cathartics is with our function Lecture 24th Dec 8th the proper time for giving cathartics in in termitting fever is doring the intermission and [anticodons?] to the use of tonics. In using purgative medicine in Remitten for we must pressure in the use until we [make?] a decide effect we must empty the whole length of the intestine canal and for this purpose Calomel Pallop & Rhei are the best the priciples upon Cathartics as inticated use 1st an overloaded state of the stomach and in testinal canal which increase the general irritability hence the local inflammation or irritations is exasperated. 2nd a deranged constitution of the mucous lining also increa es the general and local irritations for the obviation of which Cathartics medicine are useful. In inflammation of the head there is no doubt of the efficacy of Cathartics Lecture 25th Dec 9th in acute inflammation of the mucous membrane which is very rare the more common being subdued or chronic which may arise from poisons or symptomatic of others as yellow fever but sometimes idiopathic of the foeses are allowed accumulate in the large intestine it would effect this membrane both by distention and by sym pathy but this must not be obviated by me curia substances except calomel. Injection on usefull when Calomel comes in contact with the inflamed surfiace instead of [irriating?] it commonly allays inflammation. Calomel may be used in all inflammations disease of the alimentary canal. The [tungue?] appear ing red on the end & edges it is significant of inflammation. In inflammation the mucous membrane of the alimentary or intestines. calomal may be used in inflammatio(n) of the liver calomal may be used__ Lecture 26th Dec 12th The ductus arteriosus will undergo con traction in the mediately after birth as the same time the pulmonary vessels increase you must examine the lungs by the hyp- ostatic test. If the lungs have been inflamed its weights will be [1/35?] of the body if not [1/70?] The death of the child may take place from omition or commuition of certain thing poisons are those medicines or substances which when taken internally or Applied externally deranges the health when you are called to see a suppoised care of poison you are to examine the beginning (word crossed out) of the case examine the Substances vomited and if the patient be dead you must examine its effects upon the stomach.__ Colica Pictanum shooting pains strong convulsions spasms in the intestines & abdom inal mussles with a tendncy to a paralyices of the extremeties vomiting of acrid bile Colic is a pane full disten- tion of all the region of the abdo- men with a twisting sound the navel Spermatic Contraction of the abdominal mussles vomiting costiveness_ Coldness of the Extremities inflatulent Colia pain soreness griping of the bowels as ambling noise distention of the Stomach and an inclanation to throw up Protect persons completly aganst Scarlet fevers R take three grais of the extract of Belladonna, to be dissolved in an ounce of cinnamon waters and given doses of from two to three drops to children under one year old, and one drop for every year above this age practiced by doct –Hareff of Berlin pine Grove November 17th 1836 Cure for Consumption. Take three quarts of pure Spring water, one quart of bran of wheat, half pint of tar, half honey, simmer thru for 2 or 3 hours in a Stone pot one a slow fire. Let the compound cool suf- ficiently to admit yeast to work through it, [then?] put in half a pint goods and let it and for thirty six hours. Take half a win(e) glass three times a day a few minutes before meal. If this appear too much take less quantity to the use of this subscriber confidenly ascribes his rescue from an early grave to which he was evidently fast hastening by consumption brought on by [mxasels?]. R Gilbert New York July 24th 1837 application [& or "to"?] Blistered Surfeitis [cross out] surfaces. Su B Boadic orders the following preparation when a blister become troublesome prepared chalk, olive oil of each five grains, Rose water 2 ounces mix On the Conjoint Exhibition of the eupasarium Perfoliatum, and Super tartar of potass in Tinea Capitis ten grains of the former and Twenty of the later. [Rx Cure?] for humer in the feet Folt of Nitre- 2 ℥ floud of Sulphur 2" Sup Tartrass Potassa 2” Allum 2 Mix and add one quart of molasses. take an tea Spoon every morning and evening for 18 days then omit for 9 days. then commence a paint as above mentioned. this [Rect?] was handed to me by Mr Morgan Lewis Pine grove November 9th 1839 R) For Gonorrhoea in the early stage Balsam Copabias 1 ℥ Spirts Nitre Dule 1 ℥ Liqour Potassia 4 ℥ Pub Gum Arabic ij ℥ Aqua VI ℥ mixer Of this a Tablespoonfull may be taken Three time a days_____ R) For Chronic Diarrhea Massa Hydrargyic IV grain Gum Opium I grain This dose is to be given morning and Evening when Ptyalism is produced The murcury must be suspended and the opii continued. The System must be supported with arrowroots R) For Chilblains Calomel XX grain Sugar Lead 1 ℈ Spermacity salve 1 ℥ R) For Inflammation of the Ancle Gum of ammonia Dissolved in wine Tincture of Squills formed to Plaster to be applied Spread on a rags also for inflammation of the joints with effusions R) Hospital Treatment of Anasarca Pillea Hydragyic Squill & Digitalis Ptyalism. Then Compound decotion of senna R) For Gonorrhea Balsam Copiabia j ℥ Spirt. Niter Dulu j" Sprt. Camphor ij" drams Tincture opii ij" drams Dose Teaspoonful four times daily Doct A H Stevens R) year the cure of ring warm Corrosive Sublimate 4 grain Colonge water IV ℥ A dose Sulphate magnesia Law diet &.. Opodeldoc rx White soap 2 1/2 lb Alcohol 3 gallon digest with a moderate heat it until the soap is disolved then add camphor 2 lb oil lavender rosemary aa 6 ℥ opii ℥ iv sprits lime pt 1 comphora ℥ iv put in a morter add water beat to a Jelly let stand 24 hours coverd then put in a Bottle take ℥ j of each and add one ance oil peppermint. Then add slowly half an ance nitre's acid for every lb of the above add 2 ances of the oil of Sassafras. Capsicum gargle R) 2 table spoonfulls of small redpeper or 3 tea spoonfulls of Common Cayenne pepper and two tea spoonfulls of fine salt beat thin into a paste pour upon them ½ a pint of boiling water strain add half pint vinagar when cold table spoonful every half hour for an add throat Gargle R) Bitter Almonds ℥i rain water ℥ iii strain the Liquor then add sprs kind ℥ i ox in murcury gr v am infallable Cure for tetter R)B Doct Root a Strong Solution is highly Recommended in Cases of Tinea Capitis One Spoonfull of ginger " Cream tartar " pint of saty Halt pt molasses 8 qrt agu fontana Mixed cold Together let stand a few hours until it began to ferment then strane and put in Bottles corked tight and stand in cold place and in 8 hours fit for use if well prepared Balsam Sulphur R) 1 pt Flaxseed oil ½ pt Turpentine oil 2 oz Brimstone flaxseed oil & brimstone boil until raises then put the Turpentine in R) A good [mode?] of exhibiting the pint [6?] root. Take a propper quantity of the root and pour upon it from haft pint to the half [cross out] gills of boiling coffee and let it stand, closely covered, un- till it becomes sufficiently cool to drink. half of this must be poured off, sweetened, and half of milk or cream added to it when thus prepared the child is to drink it as its breakfast as if it whose coffee alone, it may take with it Bread and butter &c as in ordinary. the other half is taking in the evening, in the same manner after warming it, this quantity is to be repeated for thru or four day afterwards gin some cathortic of the underway Kids &--- Doct Dewces Mode of preparing unguentum Hyd rargyri in five minutes R) Take an [xxxxraw?] linseed oil which been long exposed to the air and half an ounce of [tallow?] to every pound of mercury first. divide the mercury by triturating it with the oil for one minute, then add The tallows and triturates for one minute, lastly, add the proppr proportion of suet and lard to make on ointment, and sub the whole for three minutes A mercurial ointment inodorous of a fine deep blue coloury and perfectly bland yet active may thus be prepared in five minutes." Black drops, R) Take half a pound of opii sliced, three pints of good verjuice (juice of wild [serab?]) and one & a half ounce of nutmeg and half an ounce of saffrons. Boill them to a proper thickness. then add a quarter of a pound of sugar, and two spoonfulls of yeast. Let the whole in a warm place near the fire for six or eight weeks, then places it in the open air until it becomes a [syrup?] costly decent, filters and bottle up adding a little sugar to each bottle, One drop of this preparation is equal to three of tincture opii of the [Londen?] phamacopoeia ___ Tinctura opiis Tinctum opii Take of opii powdered, two ounces Diluted alcohols, two pints. Digests for ten days and filters Anodyne Liniments Take a soap in shvings, four ounces; Camphors in powder. one ounce; oil of rosemary, half an ounce; Alcohol, two pint Digest the soap and opii in the alcohol three days. then filter and add the cam Phor & oil of rosemary and dissolve Holmes's Liniments R) Take Camphors, too drams, one ounce of Spirits of ether, Spr of ammonium, tinctum of opii one or two drams. Alcohol to fill four ounce phials.. Infalible for Rheumaticer affections if properly used Dr. A Holmes March 10th 1836 Pennsylvania Rob La Tartar or swaims Paneceas R) Liquem bitu bveans two ponds Rad sarsaparellas two ponds Sassafrass ¼ ponds Glycyhize ½ ponds Rosa et sermas 2 ounces Boil 2 gallons of water [ ??? to 2 gallons](cross out) For 4 or 5 hours add [Husanna?] sugar 2 or 4 & now add to the whole ℥ 4 of Gum arabic, Boil this down to a syrup add oil mints green 2 ounces for to give a colour___ solution of sulphur ℥ivt[?] & Magnesia Ginger Beer July 28th 1886 A popular beverage in England, and lately introduced amongst us is made as follows Take of Lump sugar, half a pound; Cream Tartar & Brused Ginger, each half an ounce, Boiling Water one Gallon [form?] for twenty-four hours with yeast. Ginger Beer Powder White sugar, one dram and two [scruples?], Ginger, five grains; Subcarbanate of soda, twenty-six grains. In each blue paper Tartaric acid, thirty grains, in each white paper_ These proportions are directed for half a pint of water Pine Grove July 28th 1836 Infusum Lini Infusion of linseed Take of Linseed bruised an ounce liqourice root, sliced, half an ounce Boiling water, two pints macerate for four hours near the fire, in close vessels, and strain much used in [Gonorahoea, strang- ly?], and in pectoral complaints Gunshot-Wounds R) Pine Grove Nov 16th 1836 Oil of roses and turpentine with the whites of eggs. This treat- ment was practiced by sir A. Cooper (the sentence is cross out with my best guess)[on the nights where it's not expected?] Pine Grove yr 1836 Gargle and taken intertally in for scarlet fever R) Take two tablespoonful small red pepper, or the three Tea spoonfulls of common cayenne pepper two teaspoonfulls of fine salt beat them into a paste and pour upon them half a pint of boiling water, this is to be strained, and half a pint good vinegar added to it, of this liquor, when cold, a tablespoonfull is to be taken every half hour by an adult, and the throat should be frequently (a letter "b" cross out) gargled with it used in Malignant By Doctor [Stiphi?] [Decrtatinus?] of the(Guest India?) Ret) to [britn?] harness maintaing Rotten Stone ½ ℥ Sulphuric acids 1 ℥ Alcohol 2 ℥ Water 8 ℥ Mix [for?] use___ Doct J. Trion method To stop [smy cross out] synovial fluid give to an adult one table Spoon of Hemp Seed every six hours until stopt_ To Cure Sweating and Itching of the scrotum take Citron ointment and rub the parts for three days_ the take Alum and castile soap with a little warm water twist a day [word "and" cross out] [words "also take" cross out] then take 1 dram of Gum Arabic and 24 grains of Red [preXXpitob?] finely [rubed?] into a inpalpable powder and [tar?] in a fine linen cloth and powder the scrotum after washing with the Alum and Soap_ this powdering and washing for 2 days the again rub with Citron ointments so altonately rely until covered_ pine grove Febry 7 th 1840 Receipt to Blacken Hair Litharge. Equal Lime. unslacked quantity Magnesia. slack the lime and pulverise all together immedi- ately and cork it tight or it will loose its stengthes, for use take a [1/2 or half?] a cup full for the front Hair mix with warm Rain water like a batter rub it thoroughly on your Hair before going to Bed, with a peri of flannel Soft Pr. Soaps 1 ½ " Soda 4. soaps 3. Table Spoonfull [spr. Turpent?] 14 [fell or well?] water Boil for an hour Receipt for Making cough Mixture ¼ [pt?] Rock candy 1 oz [Liqurice] Boil ½ [C?] white Sugar ½ [pt?] flaxseed Boil in cloth a handful horehound 1 Lemon grated [word "Boil" cross out] l 1 qt Water boil to pt then filter take from ½ wine glass full or more every 4 or 5 hours sulphate of coppers or blue vitral 10 grains pulverised [t?] 1 Tea Sponfull ["q" or "of"?] [Hair?] [or?] mild spurge its [himself?] prevent Hair if coming out ½ pt Castor oil ½ " Alcohol ½ to ¾ oz Tinctum Cantharides ¼ oz or ½ oil of Bergamot If preferd any other flavor may be given [a o e?] a day to [taste or take?] R) Brown Mixture Pulv. Liquorise ʒlss Gum Arabic ℥lss Liqor notei ℥iv Mix and add Spirits Nitre ℥ij Wine Antomoni ℥ij Tinct opii ℥j Dose one table spoonfull three ["times" cross out] or four times a day___ Liquorise 1½ ℥ Gum Arabic 1½ " Tarter 32 ℥ Mix and add Spirits Nitre [dular?] 2 0Z Ant llin 2 .- Tinct opii 1 " To Cure Consumption R) Sulphate of copper ½ grain Gum Ammoniac_ 5 ditto twist a day until [until cross out] Expect or a(c)tion it more free then only once a day until Cured_ also apply a [begundy fritch folases?] to the breast__ Pine Grove Febry 4th 1840 (The next paragraph shows a scribble) sulphute of [xxx?] Blur vitrue 10 grains [pub???] [t?] 1 Tea spoonfull q [Nonny?] & milds used for [shaping tonsils?] East India Medicine or spiritus Vitae was the [mea?] of Saveing Miss Ann Dicken life the time she labourd in a hydrophobia. It is to be ap plied in the following manner freely to the hands,, throat, feet, head, and to the joints put had and to the foints of her limbs is to be [applied?] every half [,C] hour untill it has the desired effects pine grove Nov 21st 1838 [R et' for ringboar?] Take one gr of Spirits of Ammonia 1 “ Camphor_ 1 “ Spr Turpentin(e) 1 “ spike oil mix all together oust or 2 [dinis?] a day a Week Recipe for making Cologne 6 lavinder ℥j 6 Lemon ℥ij 6 Bergamot ℥j 6 Rosmary ℥ij 6 Cinnamon min 8 6 Cloves min 8. [Tinct Musk?] min 10. Alcohol Pint 1 [Raleronie?] St Park Franklin Co. _________ Pine grove [?????] is (arrow up) Pine grove Skuykill Co. ms B 367 John Kitzmiller To T B Stales Dr February 13th 1839 To medicine _ 159 " " " To lash _ 50 " " " To Gloves 75 __ --------------- 284 284 Recd" Paymt" T B Stales Indelible Ink Take one drachm Lunar Caustic (Nitrate of Silv)er and dissolve in five drachms of pure spring water; add one drachms mucilage Gum Arabic. this is for the ink. for the preparation, put a solution of Gum arabic and five grains of Bicarbinate Soda dissolved in each bottle of it . bicarbonate Soda (written in a very light pencil) [few scribbles and upside down words] Description of the white label: -a lot of scribbles around the label. -upside down words on the right side. -the numbers are in the vertical line on the left side. (Written in a very light pencil, may be difficult to read some words.) [1st white label] Solution of Sulphate of Zink " magnesiu(m) There are perated us in a seaser = Forms the acetate of Zink. [2nd white label] Piles R) opii - X gr Chmflar X gr Sugarloae X gr Lard 1 Z (Written in upside down and a very light pencil, may be difficult to read some words.) (1st white label) This is federal[or "general"?] and as an collxcum [or "column"?] (2nd white label) [Blank]