VALEDICTORY ADDRESS
GRADUATES
JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE,
DELIVERED AT THE
Public Commencement, March 10,1866.





  B. IIOWAKD HAND, M. D.,
        PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY.
T
?
PUBLISHED BY THE CLASS.
         PTIILADELnil A:
COLLIXS, PRINTER, 705 JAYNE STREET.
              1866. 
CORRESPONDENCE.
                          Jefferson Medical College, March 6, 18C6.
Professor B. Howard Rand.
  Dear Sir:  At a meeting held this day by the Graduating Class of Jefferson
Medical College, it was unanimously
  Resolved, That a committee consisting of one from each State represented
by the class be appointed to wait upon Professor Rand, and request a copy of
his Valedictory Address for publication.
                                        A. P. LANKFORD, President.
  W. S. Foster, Secretary.

  We, the undersigned committee appointed under the above resolution, have
the honor to  submit it to your consideration, and hope it will meet with your
approval.
                              A. P. Lankford, Missouri.
                              Ralph M. Townsexd, Pennsylvania.
                              Thomas S. Huxter, Ohio.
                              W.\i. G. Wheeler, Kentucky.
                              K. R. Hctchins, New Hampshire.
                              Fred'k H. Patton, West Virginia.
                              D. T. Price, Mississippi.
                              Geo. S. Culbreth, Delaware.
                              A. Easley, Virginia.
                              A. Fuller, North Carolina.
                              M. W. Clendennin, Illinois.
                              A. G. McCormick, Maryland.
                              F. J. Kennedy, Tennessee.
                              R. W. Long, Indiana.
                              B. Cogshall, Michigan.
                              B. S. Maokie, Louisiana.
                              P. C. Newton, Kansas.
                              W. D. Phillips, Arkansas.
                              Jno. W. Webb, New Jersey.
                              James Gordon, New York.
                              Jxo. McIntosh, Nova Scotia.
                              A. L. Peck, New Brunswick.
                              J. R. Ferguson, Canada West.
                              J\o. E. Burroughs, Texas.
                              Reinhard H. Weber,  Germany.
                              R. J. Gregg, Missouri.
     D. Clark Huffman, Treasurer of Committee.
                                   1615 Summer Street, March 6, 1866.
  Gentlemen :  It gives me pleasure  to comply with your request for a copy
of my Valedictory Address for publication.
  With my best wishes for your future success and happiness,
                                          I am, yours  truly,
                                               B. HOWARD RAND.

  To Messrs. Towxsexd, Easley, Hutciiixs, Wheeler,  Pattox, and others,
Committee. 
VALEDICTORY  ADDRESS.
Gextlemen :—
         " The stormy March has come at last,
          With winds, and clouds, and changing skies,"
Yet amid his  rough gales avc have 'halcyon days,'
when the warm south wind and bright sunshine show
us that the grasp of the tyrant winter is relaxed, and
that it is indeed spring.
  This season, the  theme of joyous song from the
earliest periods, is  to  none more welcome than to
the wearied student of medicine.  Few, unconnected
with the  profession, can realize the mental and bodily
strain of those months of toil which constitute the
winter term.  Away from home and friends, without
opportunity or time for social relaxation, the student
plods  on,  stimulated  by the ever-varied wonders
opened to  his  mental vision, and cheered  by the
prospect  of the honours awaiting him at the close of
his  period of pupilage.  You have gained these; you
have  to-day assumed the toga virilis of science, and
are  now members of the most liberal  of the learned
professions.
  To me  has been assigned the pleasing office of con-
gratulating you upon your success, and of welcoming 
4
you  among us.  Most cordially I do so, and extend
to you  the right  hand of fellowship  as Doctors of
Medicine.  May I not say how doubly grateful the
occasion which gives me opportunity of greeting
again the representatives of our sister States, so long
and  so  sadly  absent; but now, I trust, reunited to
us forever.
         ----" No longer from its brazen portals
         The blast of war's great organ shakes the skies;
         But beautiful as are the songs of the immortals
         The holy melodies of love arise."
  We have led you, gentlemen, to the threshold of
the great gate which opens upon the busy scenes of
the world; henceforth your fortunes are with your-
selves.   Success  or  failure, distinction, mediocrity,
or obscurity will depend upon the energy, the indus-
try,  the judgment, and  the  perseverance you may
exercise; these never fail.  Genius may dazzle and
fortune intoxicate, but the former too often flashes
briefly into darkness, and of the latter it  has been
truly said, cum maxime splendetfrangitur.
  Poverty, humble origin, and want of opportunity
are the blasts which strengthen the young purpose
of great men.   Remember Franklin walking up High
Street,  an  almost penniless stranger,  with a roll of
bread under his arm and feasting on a second.  Think
of La Place, the farmer boy; of Bowditch, the coo-
per's son and  ship-chandler's  apprentice;   of Opie,
the peasant painter; of Kant, the son of a  harness-
maker; of Cook, the famous  sailor,  son  of a  day- 
5
labourer; of Pumford and Davy, humble apprentices;
of Faraday the  son of a smith, and apprentice to a
bookbinder;  of West, who  used for  colours chalk
and  charcoal mixed  with berry juice,  and applied
with a brush of hairs stolen  from the cat,
  The brave man may meet with blows which  stun,
but  cannot crush him;  they rather arouse  to  more
strenuous effort, and  many a one has dated  his true
manhood from his heaviest misfortune.  The crosses
and  struggles of early life yield us points  of com-
parison for those of after years, and we can  then say
with Napoleon, ' Things looked worse at Arcole.'
  But, gentlemen, such counsel may  seem  needless
to you.  In the flush of youth, full of hope  and am-
bition, eager to plunge into  the battle of life, it may
appear that no  effort would be too great to  win the
goal your imagination has  pictured; with  Hotspur
you  cry—
        "By heaven, methinks it were an easy leap,
         To pluck bright honour from the pale-faced moon;
         Or dive into the bottom of the deep,
         Where fathom-line could never touch the ground,
         And pluck up drowned honour by the locks."
So the young soldier,  fired with enthusiasm, seizes
his arms, and rushes forth eager to meet the foe; but
he finds, instead of 'battle's magnificently  stern ar-
ray,' the drudgery of the  drill, the  barracks,  the
guard-mount, the parade, and the long and muddy
march  and  countermarch;  months  pass  away  in
wearisome preparation for the field, and disgust often
supplants ardour. 
6
   Life's offices  are sombre,  monotonous, often dis-
 tasteful, and a stern sense of duty is required to go
 through with them.   No man can succeed who does
 not make labour a pleasure, and feel in the satisfaction
 of having done his work well, the recompense for the
 effort it has cost.
   Young styles  Pesolve 'that column of true majesty
 in man;' but gruff Dr. Johnson, borrowing an Italian
 proverb, remarks that 'hell is paved with good inten-
 tions.'  Mere plans for  future work are idle; now is
 the time; make  no excuses for indolence or pleasure,
 but  from the first hour of your  professional career
 enter upon  your duties with zeal and faithfulness,
 and  so pursue them to the end.
   What are those duties ?
   1. To yourselves—Avoid sloth and procrastination.
 At first you will not be overwhelmed with patients
 or with fees; still you may spend your hours, not in
 card-playing, dissipation, or, worse still, politics, but
 in the study of the more exact portions of your pro-
 fession, which the  necessarily condensed  character
 of your teaching heretofore has touched but lightly.
 You may have a large  practice among the poor, to
 whose call you will  be always ready to respond; and
 although you will find  it laborious, sometimes dis-
 gusting and often disheartening, yet you will  have
your reward in the consciousness of doing good, and
you  will gain familiarity with disease and ease by
the bedside.  I knew a young medical man once who
forfeited the confidence  of an influential  patient by, 
7
in  his  embarrassment, feeling  her pulse with  his
thumb.
   The oft-quoted lines  ' Procrastination is the thief
of time,'  and ' dimidium facti qui cwpit habetj  are
hackneyed because so true; yet the struggle against
this vice  is life-long.   Resolve at once to do each
day's work,  no matter how distasteful before that
day has  closed; and  with each  triumph over  the
temptation to yield to the insidious word "to-morrow"
will you find it easier to conquer again.
  Bear in mind the words of  Stephen Montague:
'Ambition is a lottery where, however uneven  the
chances, there are some prizes; but in dissipation
every one draws a blank.'
  Medicine is a progressive science, and if you fail
to keep yourselves acquainted with its improvement,
you not only  grossly violate your obligations to those
who may be placed under your care, but you will
find yourself driven to the wall by some more faithful
student.  Were it not for the routine practice of the
older, and therefore  more experienced medical men,
the young practitioner would have but  little hope of
success in entering into competition with them; their
experience sometimes succumbs to his fresher know-
ledge.
  2. To the sick—You  owe all the skill, gentleness,
assiduity,  and patience  of which you are possessed.
If a patient suffer by your neglect, or ignorance, or
rudeness,  or  petulance, you are criminal.  There is 
8
no school in life  so hard as that of the practice  of
medicine, but it brings its reward.
          " Patience, trial, self-denial,
            These, though hard, are good for man."
  Should the patient  be irritable, unreasonable, and
unmanageable,  reflect that  pain, or fever, or appre-
hension prompt the words.   Should the friends seem
exacting or  show  want of confidence or over-anxiety,
think how precious is that life to them, and what a
fearful void would its loss leave in that household.
Be ever mindful of the great responsibilities of your
calling.  Limb and life will be intrusted to your
care;, see that the trust be not misplaced.
  3.  To your  professional brethren—The Code  of
Ethics adopted by our profession is sadly misunder-
stood by the public.  It is simply an expression  of
that  conduct which should  always  mark the gentle-
man, and characterize a liberal  pursuit.  It draws
the line between a profession and a trade, and  he
who  is not willing to be  guided by its  precepts
has no place in our ranks;  he  had  better seek some
more easy  and profitable,  though less honourable
vocation.  Let him throw off at once the garb of the
physician and flaunt  in that of the quack.  If bold,
unscrupulous,  and enterprising enough,  he  may
acquire riches, dwell  in a  costly house with luxury
about him, the  envy of the  vulgar and the scorn  of
the refined.
  4.  To the public—You are enjoined by the same
Code 'to be ever  vigilant  for the  welfare  of the 
                        9

community,'  to give freely  all  information likely
to promote public health,  and the ends of justice;
in time  of  pestilence  to  face  the danger and  to
continue your labours for the alleviation of the suf-
fering even at the hazard of your own  lives.   How
soon  may  this  latter office become yours?   The
ghastly phantom of cholera, checked for a time  by
the hand of  winter, is  again rearing its menacing
front beyond the  seas,  and  threatens to begin  its
work of death in our own land.
  We may avert this calamity by measures so well
understood by you, but it will require more  effort
than is now being made.   The  community must  be
aroused  to a  sense of the danger, or death will  be
among us.  If the plague come, you will meet it like
men.  Many of you have faced death on the  battle-
field, but the  swift pestilence which walketh by noon-
day has aspects even more terrible.  In the single
town of Ancona, in Italy, ten physicians fell victims
to  their devotion during  its  last visitation.  Are
there any  of you who  shrink at the thought and
draw back  from  the prospect of the danger?   I
trust not, I believe not.
  To die in  saving  life  is  the  most glorious end
vouchsafed to man, and although for such a hero no
'muffled drum doth beat,' yet  he 'hath his reward.'
Sustained by thoughts like these, you will fearlessly
face the danger, and by your very confidence fortify
yourselves against attack.
  But not only is it your calling to treat disease, but 
10
what is equally as important,  to prevent  it.   It is
a sickening thought, when we look over the weekly
record of causes  of death, to know that more than
one-half were from diseases which might have been
prevented.  Yet the community seems blind to the
value of the great laws of health, and I regret that
the members  of our profession do not, as a rule,
sufficiently insist upon  it.   You may not  in public
have the  opportunity, but in your capacity as ad-
visers  you should impress the importance of these
laws upon those under your care.  For every death
by disease which might have been prevented  some
one is responsible; have a care  that you be not the
culprit.
  If it be the noblest boast of our profession to save
life, it is yet a fearful thing to think  that by neglect
or unskilfulness one that might have been saved was
lost.  In a family under your charge there is a dark-
eyed, fair-haired girl of  gentle aspect, the idol of all
around.  She cares but little for play, shuns the chill
air, and her vivid imagination delights in books.
Her bright intellect attracts attention; it is carefully
cultivated.  She is thinner and paler, but grows  up
more and  more beautiful until, just as  she bursts into
the glory of womanhood,  she  is stricken  down  by
insidious disease, and torn from those loving  hearts
which are saddened forever by her loss.  You do all
in your power to palliate her sufferings, and to pro-
long her  wretched existence.   But if you reflect,
gentlemen, that in her childhood you might by pro- 
11
per training  have eradicated the seeds of that dis-
ease, will you not have a pang of remorse, and will
you not feel that you were, in part, the cause of that
harrowing grief which brings tears of sympathy into
eyes used to scenes of pain and sorrow ?
  Pe-breathed  air is poison; impure water at  times
spreads disease as rapidly as the quick-match ex-
plodes a  piece of fireworks.   Filth,  idleness, and
gluttony  are death's  friends.   Use your influence
then in  advocating those  admirable measures col-
lected under the general title of hygiene, for strength-
ening the body and mind, and keeping away disease
and death.
  We have been but recently called  upon to mourn
the death of a just and good man—an upright judge,
who fell  in  the fulness of manhood,  a victim not so
much to  an overtasked brain as to the wretched air of
the court-room in which he passed so many hours of
his life;  an atmosphere suggestive of the historical
black-assizes.  A short  time ago  a whole section
of our city was poisoned by the  impure water sup-
plied from the DelaAvare, and even now into the very
forebay of our  boasted  Fairmount flows a  sewer
reeking with drainage which I dare not specify.
  Every city will show such cases;  it is a sad com-
mentary  upon popular self-government to think that
such things can be, and that the authorities fail or
refuse to apply the remedy—money spent in preserv-
ing" the  health of the community does not  enrich
favorites or  purchase  votes.  Let us raise our  voices 
12
until they are heard, and  until  the  people become
convinced of these  truths, and at last we shall be
rewarded by seeing the results fbr which we have so
long hoped.
  But, gentlemen, I will  not dwell longer on these
themes.   I  trust that you feel their importance, and
that you fully appreciate the responsibilities of the
career upon which you have this day entered.  Sweet
visions of home and its sacred joys rise before you,
and a few hours will see you scattered to all portions
of our broad country, there to pursue your profession.
May you do  so with honour to yourselves and credit
to the Institution of which you are now the Alumni.
In the words of the great cardinal—
        " Still in thy right hand  carry gentle peace,
         To silence envious tongues; be just and fear not:
         Let all the ends thou aim'st at be thy country's,
         Thy God's, and truth's." 
GRADUATES
JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE OF  PHILADELPHIA,
MARCH,  1866.
At a Public Commencement, held on the 10th of March, 1866, the Degree of Doctor
  of Medicine was conferred on the following gentlemen by the Hon. Edward King,
  LL. D., President of  the  Institution;  after which a Valedictory Address to  the
  Graduates was delivered by Prof. Rand.
Alexander, William J.
AUis, Oscar Huntington
Applegate, Charles H.
Arndt, Zaccheus P.
Bard, Cephas L.
Barrett, Frederick
Bartholomew, William
Beane, George W.
Berntheizel, George W.
Berry, Daniel
Bixler, Jacob R.
Blackwood, Thomas J.
Brehm, Samuel H.
Brother, Ferdinand (M. D
Brown, J. Alpheus
Brown, Nathaniel W.
Bryant, John (M. D.)
Buck, Benj S.
Burlington, Alexander L.
Burke, George W.
Burroughs, John E.
Butcher,  Heury B.
Cabanne, James S.
Cheeseman, George
Christy, James H.
Clendinen, Moses W.
Coffmnn,  Victor H.
Cogshall, Bela, jr.
Conery, William B.
Culbertson, Samuel D.
Culbreth, George S.
  STATE OR COUNTRY.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Indiana.
  Pennsylvania.

  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Illinois.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
)  New Jersey.
  Ohio.
  Pennsylvania.
  Missouri.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Texas.
  Pennsylvania.

  Missouri.
  Pennsylvania.
  Pennsylvania.
  Illinois.
  Iowa.
  Michigan,
 Kentucky.
 Pennsylvania.
 Delaware.
Daingerfield, Joseph Faunt Kentucky.
  Le Boi
Dare. George S.          Pennsylvania.
Dick, John W.            Pennsylvania.
         SUBJECT OF THESIS.
 Spotted Fever.
 Tetanus.
 Duties of Practitioners.
 Gonorrhoea.

 Gunshot Wounds.
 Endocarditis.
 Irritation and Sympathy.
 Gastritis.
 Professional Adaptation.
 Pneumonia.
 Symptoms of Inflammation.
 Menstruation.
 The Repair of Tissues.
 Diphtheria.
 Dysentery.
 Pain.
 Spotted Fever.
 Gonorrhoea.
 Inflammation.
 Gunshot Wounds.
 Congestive Fever.
 Gunshot Wounds.

 Lupus.
 Diphtheria.
 Typhoid Fever.
 Toxicology.
 Typhus Fever.
 Eclampsia Puerperalis.
 Hunterian Ligation to prevent Destruc-
 Erysipelas.         [tive Inflammation.
 The Study of Medicine.

 Auscultation in Pulmonary Diseases.

Erysipelas.
 History and Progress of Medicine. 
14
         NAME.
Dodge, Samuel D.
Donnelly, John F.
Dundore, Adam J.
Easley, Andrew
Ellison, L. Frank
Ewing, James B.
Ewing, John
Ferguson, James B.
Fitzgerald, J.  A.
Flood, James Ramsay
Foster, William S.
Fritts, Thomas J. (M.D.)
Fuller, Alson

Gelwix, James Montgomery
Gibson, William, jr.
Gillespie, James L. (M.D.)
Gilpin, Fletcher
Gordon, James
Graham, George S.
Gregg, James  S.
Gregg, Robert J.
Griffin, Tyler
Griggs, William O.
Guerrant, Richard P.
Cuss, Isaac

Hamilton, Alexander P.
Harmon, Byron R.
Hassler,  William A.
Hill, John (M. D.)
Hockaday, William L.
Hodgens, Samuel G.
Hoffman, Walter J.
Hollenbach, Theodore F.
Hornor, Joseph H.
Huffman, D. Clark
Hunter, Thomas S.
Huston, Joseph H.
Hutchins, Edward R.
Hyndman, Samuel E.
Jackson, William M.
Kennedy, Thomas J.
Kennedy, Robert S.
King, George A.
Klingensmith,  Theodore P,
Knight, John
Knipe, Septimus A.
Koch, Frederick W.

Landon, Hannibal (M.D.)
Lankford, Alvin P.
Leech, Thomas F.
Levan, Daniel  Henry
Lindley,  Henry S.
Long, Robert W.
STATE OR COUNTRY.        SUBJECT OF THESIS.
Arkansas.        The Ear.
Pennsylvania.     Syphilis in Infants.
Pennsylvania.     Morbilli.
Virginia.         Medical Ethics.
Delaware.        Croup.
Pennsylvania.    Treatment of Inflammation.
Pennsylvania.    Scarlatina.
Canada West.    Physiology of Digestion.
Indiana.          Inflammation.
Canada West.    Opium. Magnum Dei Donum.
Pennsylvania.    Puerperal Fever.
Indiana.          Pathological Conditions of the Blood.
North Carolina.   Diphtheria.
Pennsylvania.    Menstruation.
Pennsylvania.    Pertussis.
West Virginia.    Colic.
Pennsylvania.    Tonsillitis.
New York.       Vis Medicatrix Naturae.
Pennsylvania.    Coxalgia.
Indiana.          Hospital Gangrene.
Missouri.         Neuralgia.
Kentucky.       Oleum Morrhuse.
Pennsylvania.    The Principles of Surgery.
Kentucky.       Asiatic Cholera.
Pennsylvania.    Spotted Fever.
Kentucky.       Intermittent Fever.
Pennsylvania.    Incompatibles.
Pennsylvania.    Adute Dysentery.
Ohio.            Diphtheria.
Kentucky.        Wounds-.
Pennsylvania.    Nutrition.
Pennsylvania.    Zinc.
Pennsylvania.    The Young Obstetrician.
New Jersey.      Anaesthetics.
Pennsylvania.    Physiological Effects of Motion.
Ohio.            Relations of Chemistry to Medicine.
Pennsylvania.    Erysipelas.
New Hampshire.  Dengue.
Ohio.            Urine.
Pennsylvania.    Menstruation.

Tennessee.       Soteria Doctrina.
Pennsylvania.    Alcohol.
Pennsylvania.    Hospital Gangrene.
Pennsylvania.    Dyspepsia.
Pennsylvania.    Diagnosis.
Pennsylvania.    Hernia.
Michigan.        Scrofula or Struma.

Ohio.            Erysipelas.
Missouri.         Septenary Periods.
Indiana.          The Military  Surgeon.
Pennsylvania.    Anaesthetics.
Pennsylvania.    Dysentery.
ludiana.          Medical Diagnosis. 
15
         NAME.
Loughridge, Samuel 0
Lynde, Uri Colvin (M. D.) New York
Mackie, Benjamin S.
Macpherson, William
Madden, Edmund H.
Magee,  T. James
Mason,  Jos. Ritner (M.D.
Matlack, Richard B.
Matter, George F.
Maxwell, James A.
May, James Rundlet
McCormick, A. Y.
McDowell, James W.

McKlroy, James F.
Mcintosh, John
McMunn, John C.
McQuesten, E. Forrest
McVicker, James P.
Mengle, Isaac L.
Meredith, William  H.
Moore, Isaac H.
Mueller, Henry
Munn, Charles W.
Murray, Ransom N.
Musser, John  Henry

Napheys, George H.
Newberry, Thomas L.
Newell, Wm.  M. (M. D.)
Newton, P. C.

O'Leary, Arthur
Orvis, Charles
Owens, Benjamin F.

Patterson, Edwin S.
Patton,  Frederick H.
Peck, Alexander L.
Perkins, Finis M.
Perry, Matthias Rizer
Peterson, Henry B.
Pevton, John C
Phillips, William D.
Price, Daniel T.
Rahauser, George G.
Rebman, Lawrence S.
Reed, Jacob, jr.
Reed, Jesse J.
Rhoads, George W.
Righter, Washington
Roberts, Hiram S.
Kodgers, David C. C.
Ross,  James Brice
Russell, Ephraim P.
Russell, Ezra R.
STATE OR COUNTRY.         SUBJECT OF THESIS.
Ohio.            Dyspepsia.
                 Acute Peritonitis.

Louisiana.        Pneumonia.
Pennsylvania.     Malarial  Diseases.
New Jersey.      Resina Flava.
Pennsylvania.     Signs of  Pregnancy.
Pennsylvania.     Medical Diagnosis.
Tennessee.        Remittent Fever.
Pennsylvania.     Acute Dysentery.
Pennsylvania.     Enteric Fever.
New Hampshire.  Primary Syphilis.
Maryland.        Bismuthi Subnitras.
Illinois.          Luxation of the Hip-jointand the Agents
                   which oppose its Reduction.
Kentucky.        Cheerfulness.
Nova Scotia.      Scarlatina.
Pennsylvania.     Diphtheria.
New Hampshire.  Indigestion.
Pennsylvania.     Scirrhus of the  Mamma.
Pennsylvania.     Etiology of Disease.
Pennsylvania.     Dysentery.
Pennsylvania.     The Tongue Symptomatic of Disease.
Ohio.            Moschus.
Pennsylvania.     Diabetes  Mellitus.
Michigan.        Pneumonia.
Pennsylvania.     Iodine.

Pennsylvania.     Intussusceptio Intestinorum.
Kentucky.        Typhoid Fever.
Illinois.          Evidences of Design in the Organism of
Kansas.          Mountain Fever.               [Man.

New York.        Strabismus.
Illinois.          Pneumonia.
Kentucky.        Scarlatina.

Pennsylvania.     Rubeola.
West Virginia.    Life.
New Brunswick.  The Human Faeces.
Kentucky.        Pneumonia.
Kentucky.        Contagion.
Kentucky.        Air, and its Effects on Health.
Tennessee.        Stricture of the Urethra.
Arkansas.        Epilepsy.
Mississippi.       Chloroform.

Pennsylvania.     Podagra.
Delaware.        Dislocations.
Pennsylvania.     Alkaline Sulphites in Zymotic Diseases.
Pennsylvania.     Scarlatina.
Indiana.          Digestion.
Pennsylvania.     Opium.
Illinois.          Camp Diarrhoea.
Mississippi.       Disease and its Causes.
Kentucky.        Primary Syphilis.
Kentucky.        Cerebro-spinal Meningitis.
Illinois.          Gonorrhoea. 
16
        NAME.           STATE OR COUNTRY.
Sallade, Franklin L.       Pennsylvania.
Sears, Alfred A.           Illinois.
Semans, William R.       Pennsylvania.
Shaeffer, Brett Randolph  Mississippi.
Shurtleff, Benjamin (M.D.) Illinois.
Snodgrass, James H.      Pennsylvania.
Stockton, Thomas C. M.   Pennsylvania.
Thackeray, William T.
Townsend,  Ralph M.
Trout, Henry S.

Warren, John S.
Way, Jacob H.
Weathers, Lucien V.
Webb, John W.
Webb, William H.
Weber, Reinhard H.
Wheeler, William G.
White, James M.
Whitehead, Alfred M.
Wilson, James E.
Wilson, John  C.
Wilson, N.  M.
Wilson, William M.
Witmer, Abraham H.
Worthington,  David J.

Yundt, W. Scott
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.

New Hampshire.
Pennsylvania.
Kentucky.
New Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
Germany.
Kentucky.
West Virginia.
Ohio.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
Kentucky.
Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania.
         SUBJECT OF THESIS.
Enteric Fever.
Nicotiana Tabacum.
Dyspepsia.
Digestion.
Gonorrhoea  distinct  from Non-Specific
Verrucae.                  [Urethritis.
Inflammation.

Hospital Gangrene.
Cinchona.
Hereditary Transmission of Disease.

Anaemia.
Alveolar Abscess.
Peritonitis.
Vexations and Pleasures  of the Physi-
Enteric or Typhoid Fever.       [cian.
Diphtheria
Medical Influence of  the  Mind.
Mercury.
Scarlatina.
Rheumatism.
Idiopathic Erysipelas.
Dysentery.
Man and his Organization.
Bronchitis.
The Circulation.
Pennsylvania.     Gunshot Wounds of the Joints.
Of these there were from-
Pennsylvania
Kentucky .
Illinois
Ohio .
Indiana
New Jersey
Missouri  .
New Hampshire
Michigan  .
Delaware  .
West Virginia
New York .
Tennessee .
Mississippi
81
16
 9
 8
 7
Arkansas  .
Canada West
Texas
Iowa .
Virginia
North Carolina
Louisiana .
Maryland .
Nova Scotia
Kansas
New Brunswick
Germany  .

           Total
165