ri/;; 77z wio**! ,)••«•> of mate III /rot ■ nn ,-rv»_. vi*'"! "■>{?. »•*-■'■ "•** .-.'.i-A-, '4. -, • ... -. *•*■ ■*k * < -ft <> V:y U.S. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE v*v. v.i" f'-iJUfi^-- -■'" t HISTORY of United States Army Base Hospital No. 20 Organized at the University of Pennsylvania ® Published at Philadelphia Nineteen Hundred and Twenty Published by permission of the Surgeon-General of the United States Army E. A. WRIGHT COMPANY BROAD A\D HUSTISGDON STREETS PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. PART I. PART VI. ORGANIZATION The Selection of Personnel Officers Nurses Enlisted Men Raising of Funds Auxiliary of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 Expenditure of Funds Purchase of Equipment PART IP ACTIVE DUTY Mobilization Camp Merritt Trip Overseas Opening of Hospital Admission of Patients Discharge of Patients PART IIP PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Surgical Minor Surgical Mkchano-Therapy Medical Epidemic and Contagious Diseases Neurological Ophthalmological Ear, Nose and Throat Urological Roentgenological Dental Laboratory Sanitation PART IV. ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS Headquarters Detachment Office Registrar Office Quartermaster Mess Medical Supply Military Police Dispensary Patients' Clothing Supply Hospital Linen Supply Post Office Post Exchange Chaplains' Report PART V. PERSONNEL Officers Surgical Operating Team No. 62 Surgical Operating Team No. 61 Shock Team No. 116 Emergency Medical Team No. 116 Nurses Reconstruction Aides Civilian Employees Enlisted Men Attached Units MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES The Welfare Committee American Red Cross Y. W. C. A. Theatricals Orchestra Baseball Tennis Basketball Swimming Pool French War Orphans' Fund Medical Society Classes Distinguished Service Crosses Celebrations Social Status Changes Chatel Guyon and Surrounding Towns Chazeron Tournoel Chateau Neuf-les-Bains Riom Camp Hospital No. 44 Puy de Dome Clermont-Ferrand Vichy Leaves and Trips The French People PART VII. HOMEWARD BOUND Closing Hospital Clisson Demobilization Letter, American Red Cross Letter, Surgeon General PART VIII. APPENDIX Red Cross U. S. A. Base Hospitals Weekly Summary of Patients Base Hospital No. 20 Buildings in A. E. F. The American Cemetery Cash Donations Funds Other than Contributions List of Donors of Equipment Personnel of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 Officers Nurses Enlisted Men Reconstruction Aides Civilian Employees The Base Hospital No. 20 Association Administration Wing University of Pennsylvania Hospital ORGANIZATION OF BASE HOSPITAL No. 20 HE vital necessity for preparation in time of peace for the important task which its medical forces would have to play in time of war was fully ap- preciated by those in charge of the Medical Department of the United States Arm)'. When, therefore, the distinguished surgeon, Dr. George \Y. Crile, on his return from the French battle front, proposed the organ- ization of Civilian Base Hospitals as a preparedness measure, his plans received the hearty approval and support of the Surgeon General. Funds for this purpose not being available from Army sources, an arrangement was made whereby the American Red Cross (under the supervision of the Surgeon General's Office) undertook to organize and finance fifty Base Hos- pitals. Colonel Jefferson R. Kean, M. C, U. S. A., was appointed Director-General of Mili- tary Relief of the American Red Cross and enthusiastically proceeded to put Dr. Crile's plan into practical operation. There were two very substantial reasons for organizing and equipping Base Hospitals in time of peace. In the first place, no government not at war has ever been willing to spend the money to provide completely and store the enormous amount of equipment and supplies necessary for the number of Base Hospitals required by a large army. To procure these after war is declared entails delays that result not only in needless deaths and great suffering among the wounded, but also in a lessening of the number of effectives that are returned to the front, thereby seriously impairing the efficiency of the combatant troops. Therefore, it was of prime importance to amass such equipment before it was urgently needed. In the next place, first- class medical and surgical officers and well-trained nurses accustomed to work together make a more efficient professional personnel than a group of physicians and nurses hurriedly col- lected under the stress of existing warfare from all parts of the country. Hence, the medical officers and nurses for each of these Base Hospitals were carefully and deliber- ately selected from various single institutions during peace times, so that a well co-ordinated bod}' of skilled workers would be immediately available whenever required. The far- sighted wisdom of those who conceived and carried out the early organization of these hospitals has been amply justified by subsequent events. When once the Base Hospital project became known, many of the great civil hospitals throughout the country enthusiastically undei took the organization of these units, with the approval of their Boards of Managers, usually with the financial aid of some local Chapter of the American Red Cross. In every instance the civilian institution, known as the "mother" hospital, was of sufficient size to furnish the professional and nursing personnel for the Base Hospital, and at the same time to retain an adequate staff for its own proper con- duct. In this way, it was argued, the civilian population would not be neglected for the Army. So long as a Base Hospital unit was not in active service, it was under the immediate jurisdiction of the American Red Cross. The moment, however, one of these units was mobilized and taken over by the Government it became a part of the Medical Department 7 Lol. Edward Martin, M. C Lt.-Col. John B. Carnett, M. C. fc ^ 1 ET ^ ^M 5fo tf \ ^^S^ **/ Lt.-Col. George M. Piersol, M. C. Lt.-Col. E. L. Eliason, M. C. of the Army or Navy, subject absolutely to the orders of the Surgeon General. They were then completely under military discipline and control, and were responsible only to military authority. When the organization of a Base Hospital was assured, its existence was authorized by the War Department, and the hospital was given a number by which it was known there- after. The Base Hospitals were numbered in the order of their authorization. To the Belle- vue Hospital of New York City was extended the first authorization in January, 1916, and it was designated U. S. A. Base Hospital No 1. As was to be expected from the institution which is the third oldest University in America, having been established in 1740; which founded the first Medical School in America in 1765; which furnished the first Surgeon General of any American army, and which has ever sent her sons to the front in all times of national peril, the University of Pennsylvania promptly made application to establish a Base Hospital, and authority was granted early in 1916 to organize Base Hospital No. 20 at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, with Dr. Edward Martin as its first Director. The University of Pennsylvania Hospital was founded by the late Dr. William Pepper in 1874 and now covers two city blocks between Thirty-fourth and Thirty-sixth Streets on Spruce Street. It has a capacity of 433 beds, and its personnel includes over one hun- dred and fifty physicians and one hundred and thirty-nine nurses. Although Base Hospital No. 20 was the only organization that went into the field as a representative unit from the University of Pennsylvania, there were graduates and undergraduates from all departments in every branch of the service in the war against Germany. The woefully incomplete statis- tics available in June, 1919, contain the records of 8762 sons of Pennsylvania who had served in the Army, Navy or Marine Corps, and of them 193 made the supreme sacrifice for their country. The organization of Base Hospital No. 20 proceeded simultaneously along three main lines: (1) The selection of personnel; (2) the raising of funds, and (3) the purchase of equip- ment. THE SELECTION OF PERSONNEL The personnel demanded for a five-hundred-bed Red Cross Army Base Hospital consisted of 25 commissioned officers, 65 nurses, 50 female volunteer "nurses' aides," 153 enlisted men and 6 civilian employees. OFFICERS The original plans as to the composition of the professional staff of Base Hospital No. 20 had to be modified in accordance with the decision of the University of Pennsylvania au- thorities that the Chiefs of the Departments in the Medical School could render more val- uable war service to their country by remaining in America than by going to France. By reason of this decision, Dr. Edward Martin resigned as Director in April, 1917, and on May 7, 1917, Dr. John B. Carnett was appointed his successor. The tables of organization required that of the twenty-five officers, twenty-two should be medical officers representing the various specialties of medicine and surgery, two should be dentists and one a chaplain. It was further provided that upon mobilization two regular army officers should be assigned to the Base Hospital, one to act as commanding officer and the other as quartermaster. The medical officers were carefully selected by the Director, Dr. Carnett; the Chief of the Medical Service, Dr. George M. Piersol, and the Chief of the Surgical Service, Dr. Eldridge L. Eliason, on the basis of their professional ability, physical fitness and congenial personality. The officers originally selected in almost every instance had not only re- ceived their medical education at the University, but also for many years had been closely identified with the Medical School and hospital of that institution. All these officers were 9 intimately acquainted with one another both professionally and personally, and there could be no doubt of the excellent spirit of teamwork and co-operation in which they would ap- proach their duties as Army officers. The following list of officers comprises the original professional staff that signed the Red Cross muster-in roll at the Director's office on May 23, 1917: Jonx Bkktox Carnett .............123 South 20th Street ......................Director Gi-orge Morkis Piersol ............1913 Spruce Street .........................Chief of Medical Service Eldridge L. Ki.iasox ...............330 South 16th Street ......................Chief of Surgical Service I'.kxjamix F. Baer, Jr. ;...........2039 Chestnut Street .......................Ophthalmologist Floyd E. Kekxe ...................Medical Arts Building .....................Surgical Service Sktii A. Brit mm ..........'........4218 Baltimore Avenue ....................Laryngologist Damon 15. Pfeiffer ................2028 Pine Street ...........................Surgical Service Alkxaxder Randall ..............Medical Arts Building .....................Genito-Urinary Service James Harold Austin .............Rockefeller Institute, New York, N.Y......Medical Service John H. Musser, Jr...............262 South 21st Street ......................Medical Service I )kForkst ]». Willard..............2108 Walnut Street ........................Orthopedic Surgeon Philip F. Williams ...............262 South 21st Street ......................Laboratory Service Jay D. Zulick ....................1321 Spruce Street .........................Roentgenologist Frederick H. Leavitt..............1519 Pine Street .....................■......Neurologist I'.knjamin M. McLntire ...........4833 Baltimore Avenue ....................Medical Service Edmund B. Piper..................6069 Drexel Road .........................Surgical Service Thomson Edwards ................5827 Willows Avenue ......................Surgical Service Richard D. Hopkinson ............Jenkintown, Pa............................Medical Service Alan C. Woods ................. .842 Park Avenue, Baltimore, Md...........Chief of Laboratory William Bates ...................124 South 22d Street ......................Surgical Service Nathan Ralph Goldsmith ........2035 Chestnut Street .......................Surgical Service Edward L. Clemens ..............1542 North 12th Street .....................Medical Service John S. Owens ..................107 North 5th Street, Camden, N. J..........Dentist Frank P. K. Marker ..............Gladwyn, Pa.............................Dentist Rogers Israel .....................Erie, Pa. ..................................Chaplain Several of these officers had held commissions in the Medical Reserve Corps, and when it was abolished by Act of Congress on June 6, 1917, all of the officers were given com- missions in the newly created Medical Section of the Officers' Reserve Corps. It was soon demonstrated that it was a much simpler proposition to organize the profes- sional staff of a Base Hospital than it was to keep that organization intact. Many of the medical officers were ordered to active duty months before the unit as a whole was mobi- lized. Their exceptional abilities were recognized at Fort Oglethorpe, Fort Benjamin Harri- son and at various Base Hospitals to which they were attached, and they were tendered various inducements to sever their connections with Base Hospital No. 20. Of the twenty- five officers comprising the professional personnel of a Base Hospital, it was specified that three of them should be granted commissions as Major, and several as Captain. Practically all of the officers who were ordered to duty early entered active service as First Lieutenants, and it was many months before several of them received the rank which they had been premised and should have received at the beginning. To be a member of a Base Hospital in those days meant little or no chance for in- creased rank, whereas other student officers in the training camps were rapidly promoted. Lieutenants Damon B. Pfeiffer and Edmund B. Piper, at their own urgent request, were released from the Unit, and their places were filled by Lieutenant George M. Laws and Dr. Joseph C. Birdsall. Several other officers requested their release, but were persuaded not to desert Base Hospital Xo. 20. Lieutenants Keene, Austin, Williams and Hopkinson were ordered to report to the Army Medical School at Washington as a preliminary to their being sent to France for duty with the British Army, but at the urgent solicitation of the Director their orders were revoked. 10 Lieutenant Willard was sent overseas in June as a member of an orthopedic commis- sion with the understanding that he would be returned to Base Hospital No. 20 on its arrival in France. He was not seen at Base Hospital No. 20, however, until the closing days of the war, when he was returned as a Consultant in Orthopedic Surgery with his head- quarters at Vichy. Various requests from commanding officers for the transfer of other Base Hospital No. 20 officers were all refused, except in the case of Lieutenant Austin, who was released for special service in connection with the pneumonia epidemic in this country. He was re- placed by Lieutenant George K. Strode. At what seemed to be the eve of departure of the Unit for France, Dr. Seth A. Brumm declined to accept his commission as a First Lieutenant. In the meantime all available Officers at Armory, March, 1918 nose and throat surgeons at the University had entered other branches of the service, and Dr. Brumm's place was filled by Lieutenant Richard J. Payne, of St. Louis, Mo., the only medical officer on the Unit who was not a University of Pennsylvania physician. Many of the Base Hospital No. 20 officers took courses in war surgery pending the mobilization of the entire Unit. Lieutenant Zulick took the course in Roentgenology at Cornell University, and continued there as an instructor until Base Hospital No. 20 was mobilized. Lieutenant Austin took the Laboratory Course at the Rockefeller Institute, and remained there as an instructor until given his release from the Unit. Lieutenant Laws took the Carrel-Dakin course at the same institution. Lieutenants Owens and Bates at- tended the Oral and Plastic Surgery Course at Washington University, St. Louis. Lieu- tenants Keene and Goldsmith participated in the Course on Brain and Nerve Surgery at the College of Physicians in New York. II LlKl TKNANT-COLONEL TlIOS. H. JOHNSON, M. C. CHIEF Nl'RSK, MlSS ElllTH B. IrWIN Major Thomas H. Johnson, M. C, U. S. A., reported for duty as Commanding ( )fficer on September 8, 1917, and Captain Sherman M. Craiger, (J. M. C, U. S. A., as Quartermaster of Base Hospital No. 20 in August, 1917. Their duties were not very arduous prior to the general mobilization of the Unit on November 30, 1917. NURSES One of the many difficult problems confronting the organizers of Base Hospitals was the selection of a sufficient number of properly qualified nurses. This important task for Base Hospital Xo. 20 was delegated to Miss Edith B. Irwin, Chief Nurse, General Surgical Clinic, University Hospital. The long list of well-tried and carefully trained nurses that appears on the rolls of Base Hospital Xo. 20 is sufficient proof of the rare good judgment and skill which she exercised in making her choice. The prompt, widespread and willing response with which her appeal for volunteers was met by the graduate nurses of the University Hospital bespeaks their loyalty and patriotism. The original requirements called for only fifty nurses for each Base Hospital, and this entire number was secured from the graduates of the University Hospital Nurses' Train- ing School, but later when fifteen additional nurses were requested on short notice they were nearly all obtained from other hospitals. Before being enrolled each nurse received a thorough physical examination by Dr. Floyd E. Keene or Dr. Edmund B. Piper, and was inoculated against typhoid and paratyphoid fever and vaccinated against smallpox by Drs. Herbert Fox and Steven Simmons. All these physicians generously donated their services. At her own request on January 2, 1918, Miss Irwin was placed on active duty for several weeks at the Walter Reed Hospital, Takoma Park, D. C, to familiarize herself with the duties of a Chief Xurse of an Army Hospital. 12 # ft *£ mm f t • mm **• ^P m % ^* 1W Nurses and Civilian Employees, New York, February, 1918 ENLISTED MEN To Dr. John H. Musser, Jr., was assigned the selection of 153 enlisted men from among the hundreds of applicants who besieged his office day and night. While in the midst of this duty Dr. Musser was ordered to Fort Oglethorpe and the list was completed by Dr. Philip F. Williams. A campaign for student volunteers under the auspices of the Friars' Senior Society was instituted at the University by Henry S. Hagert, who was then a senior m college. All the enlisted men chosen possessed exceptional ability. They were all vol- unteers and sought service with Base Hospital No. 20 as offering them the quickest means of reaching France. Over eighty per cent of them were college men, and the remainder were proficient in special trades or occupations that were of great value to a hospital organization. Many athletes were included. Competent cooks were scarce, but were finally secured after a prolonged search. Recruiting, June, 1917 Some of the Athletes The men were enlisted by First Lieutenant Floyd E. Keene, M. R. C, who had been ordered to active duty, with the volunteer assistance of Drs. Edwards, Hopkinson, Piper and Williams, who were on the inactive list. Notwithstanding its being their first experience with Army paper work, they were complimented by the Surgeon General's Office for the absolute accuracy of their numerous records. The great majority of the men were recruited during the week of June 4, 1917. A number of the men before they were mobilized took special courses to fit themselves for their future hospital work. The following six men were ordered to active duty in October, 1917, to assist and be trained in office work: Randolph G. Adams Henry S. Hagert Franklin G. Connor George F. Kearney Michael Dorizas Nathaniel A. Pettit RAISING OF FUNDS The United States Government made no of the fifty Base Hospitals organized under the ment was needed as imperatively as person equipment would be provided by the local which each Base Hospital was located, but fu by the Philadelphia Chapter. It therefore be University Base Hospital to make an appeal The magnificent response proved a glowing osity of the friends and alumni of the Univer appropriation to supply the equipment of any direction of the American Red Cross. Equip- nel. The National Red Cross expected the chapter of the Red Cross of the territory in nds for this purpose were not made available came necessary for those interested in the to the public for its equipment and supplies. tribute to the loyalty and unbounded gener- sity of Pennsylvania. 15 I he twvnty-tive thousand dollars' worth of hospital equipment that each I'.ase Hospital was originally required to purchase and store in time of peace was amply provided lor the University Base Hospital by the "Harrison Fund" of thirty thousand dollars. The sincerest thanks of every IVnnsylvanian are due the generous donors of this fund, Mrs. kmily Leland Harrison. Mr. Thomas Skelton Harrison and Mr. George L. Harrison, each of whom contributed ten thousand dollars. Three suitable brass tablets have been erected on the walls of the University Hospital to commemorate their handsome donation. Mr. Geohce L Harrison Memorial Tablet When, after war was declared, the P>ase Hospitals were required to increase their equip- ment extensively, further appeals made to the public met with an unfaltering patriotic sup- port. Colonel Edward Morrell was an early contributor of five thousand dollars through Dr. Edward Martin and Dr. Alfred Stengel. Miss (iertrude Abbott, a Nurses' Aide of Base Hospital No. 20, demonstrated her great interest by making several contributions for a total of fifty-five hundred dollars. The sum of $14,904.10 in cash and $250.00 in hospital supplies, very kindly collected by Dr. John G. Clark from forty-eight of his generous friends, helped enormously in the final purchase of equipment. By Dr. Clark's request the names of these modest donors have not been published. A fund of $3000.00 from one of them was expended by direction in the purchase of a fully equipped ambulance. Mrs. Robert C. H. Brock contributed $5000.00 in cash through Dr. John B. Deaver. The National Office of the American Red Cross at Washington, D. C, contributed a similar sum for emergency use overseas. The Mask and Wig Club of the University of Pennsylvania gave a total of $3(>c)2.84 for the purchase of a fully equipped ambulance and two hundred and fifty special metal bedside tables. Mr. and Mrs. Caleb F. Fox placed $2884.90 in the treasury for the purchase of an ambulance. The employees of the Frankford Arsenal made per- sonal contributions of $2384.68. in addition to the further sum of $543.49, which they ob- tained from a benefit military ball. By their request this total fund of $2928.17 was expended for a much-needed motor truck, sixteen wheel-chairs for patients and several other smaller items of hospital equipment. A member of Base Hospital No. 20's personnel, Nathaniel Allen Pettit, contributed a total of $2743.50. The Thomas W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute Society gave $2000.00 for the purchase of dental equipment and supplies. The Improved Order of Red Men of Pennsylvania displayed a continuing interest in Base Hos- pital No. 20 by the preliminary gift of a Dodge car and three motorcycles, later by a gift of $1100.00 cash for the purchase of an enormous surgical magnet and special X-ray ap- paratus, and after the Unit had gone abroad they made a final cash contribution of $400.00 16 to the Welfare Committee for the purchase of anesthetics. American Red Cross Auxiliary No. 86 raised the sum of $1750.00 for the purchase of a huge steam sterilizer, which subse- quently played a prominent part in the warfare on "cooties" and germs in France. The Schuylkill Navy presented $1527.09, representing the proceeds of a Water Carnival held on the Schuylkill River on July 4, 1917, under the direction of John B. Kelly, a member of the Unit's personnel. Mr. F. M. Kirby, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., gave $1000.00 through Dr. Edward Martin. The last contribution before the Unit left America came from the Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Red Cross, which donated the sum of $2561.15 toward the rental of life-saving suits for the use of the Base Hospital personnel in crossing the ocean. Unfortunately lack of space forbids giving details of all gifts, but a complete list of donors and their cash contributions, amounting to $106,683.91 will be found on pages 228- 230. Cash from other sources amounted to a total of $3518.27, as listed on page 230. Contributions made to the University Hospital Red Cross Auxiliary, to the University Base Hospital Welfare Committee and to Major Alexander Randall were not passed through the Base Hospital Treasury and are not included in the above list. Contributions of $603.25 through Rev. David M. Steele and of $142.87 through Rev. Alexander MacColl were turned over to the Commanding Officer, Major Thomas H. John- son, M. C, who placed them in the Post Exchange Fund, from which they were disbursed in accordance with Army regulations for the benefit of the enlisted men without ever hav- ing passed through the Base Hospital Treasury. In addition to cash contributions, there were donated to Base Hospital No. 20 numer- ous items of hospital and personal equipment (pages 230-232) having an estimated value in excess or $40,000.00. Base Hospital No. 20 is indebted to its Red Cross Auxiliary for an amount of surgical dressings and patients' equipment far in excess of the standard requirements for a five- hundred-bed hospital. AUXILIARY OF U. S. A. BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 The Auxiliary of the University Hospital Unit of the Red Cross, known as No. 122, was organized under the guidance of Mrs. W. W. Arnett at a large and enthusiastic meeting held in the Medical Clinic of the University Hospital on April 11, 1917, within a week after the declaration of war. The seventy women present pledged six thousand dollars to pur- chase supplies and material to equip a five-hundred-bed base hospital. The officers of Auxiliary No. 122 were : President—Mrs. William Woodward Arnett rice-Presidents—Mrs. Edward T. Stotesburv Mrs. George L. Harrison, Jr. Mrs. John Frederick Lewis Mrs. Samuel F. Houston Secretary—Mrs. Caspar Wistar Hacker Treasurer—Mrs. George Harrison Frazier Surgical dressings were placed in charge of Mrs. John G. Clark and Mrs. John B. Leaver, and patients' equipment in charge of Mrs. J. Louis Ketterlinus and Mrs. William C. Bullitt. The University Hospital supplied the Auxiliary with an ideal workroom on the third floor of the Maternity Building. The actual work of making up supplies was begun by the individual members of the Auxiliary on April 15th, and was continued for five days a week during the next ten months. Six sewing machines were in constant service. 17 Mrs. \V. \V. Arxett University Auxiliary Workroom Expedited by the unbounded generosity of Mrs. J. Louis Ketterlinus, who paid for having almost the full supply of pajamas made at a factory, and of Mrs. John Frederick Lewis and Mrs. Samuel F. Houston, who paid for great quantities of surgical dressings, 66 boxes of patients' equipment, containing 22.244 articles, and about 35,000 surgical dressings were com- pleted and packed within three months. The surgical dressings were so beautifully and accurately made under the supervision of Mrs. Clark and Mrs. Deaver that after a first examination at Headquarters all further packages from them were passed without being opened or examined. Not the least arduous task of the Auxiliary was the boxing and packing of both the patients' equipment and surgical dressings. Mrs. John W. Townsend, Mrs. Herbert Fox, Miss Louise Herring and Mrs. E. A. Hancock were most proficient and untiring packers. That the boxes and cases arrived in France in such fine condition is due entirely to the personal efforts of these ladies, who spent many hours of laborious work in the base- ment of the Red Cross Building on the hot days of June and early July of that year. The Auxiliary expanded from the original seventy to two hundred and fifty-six mem- bers. The six thousand dollars promised at the meeting very soon was raised to ten thousand and over, and it was only necessary to state that more money was needed to have a half dozen women instantly offer to make up any necessary sum. The sight of thirty or more zealous workers cheerfully pursuing their labors during each hot summer forenoon, lunch- ing from baskets around one of the large tables, and continuing their labors through the long afternoons afforded ample proof of the untiring devotion of this band of patriotic workers. Enough praise cannot be given the Wool Committee, of which Mrs. T. Mitchell Hastings was Chairman. At the end of the first fiscal year this Committee reported 1269 garments completed, and even after the Red Cross refused to allow any Unit to be supplied except through Red Cross channels, Mrs. Hastings still managed through special channels to send to Base Hospital No. 20 in France an entirely fresh supply of articles for the winter of 1918 and 191(>. Mrs. Hastings not only enrolled the women students of the University and the telephone operators along the Main Line as workers, but also raised about four thou- sand dollars through her own personal efforts to meet the expenses of her work. After the departure of Base Hospital No. 20 for overseas, the Red Cross refused to allow the Auxiliary to send any more boxes of supplies to the Unit, and all further supplies were of necessity turned in to the Red Cross Headquarters. 18 The enthusiasm of the women very naturally died down somewhat, but until the close of the war the Auxiliary remained intact and turned out a continuous supply of Red Cross articles. This was especially true of the Surgical Dressings Department, under the splendid management of Mrs. Clark and Mrs. Deaver. The Auxiliary had the constant and enthusiastic backing and advice of Miss Marion E. Smith, Superintendent of the Hospital, and the Board of Managers encouraged and sup- ported every effort put forth for the Unit. The members of the Auxiliary were animated by a very deep pride in Base Hospital No. 20 and their great ambition to provide it with the finest equipment was more than fulfilled. Their surgical dressings were made of better material and were more carefully constructed than could be found in any American civilian hospital, and were ample to meet all the needs of Base Hospital No. 20 in France for several months, and the numerous items of sheets, pillow cases, towels, pajamas, surgical shirts, bath robes, operating leggings, etc., etc., were in continuous use up to the time the Hospital was closed in February, 1919. EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS It had been the expectation to incorporate in this book a complete itemized list of ex- penditures, but when it was found this would involve over three hundred pages of type- written manuscript the plan had to be abandoned because of lack of space. All accounts are available for inspection by anyone concerned. The cash contributed to the University Base Hospital treasury was carried in four funds: (1) The Hospital Equipment Fund; (2) The Personnel Fund; (3) The Nurses' Fund, and (4) The Foreign Fund. Contributions were credited to the last three funds only by special consent of the donors thereto, and an accounting has been rendered to all the larger contributors to these three funds. All funds, unless otherwise specified by the donor, were placed in the Hospital Equip- ment Fund. The total amount of this fund, $78,894.95, was deposited with the National American Red Cross at Washington, and was reissued by them to Dr. J. B. Carnett to expend as their Disbursing Agent. The expenditures under this fund were all authorized by the National American Red Cross officers, and complete accounts were rendered to them by Dr. Carnett in Red Cross \rouchers 1 to 133. The articles listed in these vouchers were accounted for to the National Red Cross and to the Surgeon General of the Army in a "Packer's List" of over four hundred pages. The Personnel Fund amounted to $6129.99. The largest single item of expenditure was for $2928.00 from funds given for the specific purpose of providing each member of the or- ganization with a life-saving suit during the ocean voyage. Of this item $2561.15 was con- tributed by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Red Cross. The Hon. John C. Bell's gift of $315.00 was for the specific purpose of providing each member of the Unit with a Base Hospital No. 20 pin of special design. Mr. Henry F. Mitchell contributed $305.43 to this fund for the purchase of soap, tea, coffee and food supplies for the nurses. Two thousand dollars of Miss Gertrude Abbott's several contributions were expended in procuring a radium-faced wrist watch, a locker trunk and other minor items for each nurse. From these funds four woolen blankets, a locker trunk and a mess kit were procured for each officer. Many incidental expenses of a miscellaneous character other than for per- sonnel were paid from this fund. The entire fund is accounted for on Vouchers A to Z and from Aa to Dd. The Nurses' Fund amounted to $3030.00 before leaving for France. It was collected by the Nurses themselves from their friends in amounts of $100.00 or less. There was added to the fund in France the sum of $246.00 forwarded to them by Mrs. Mary W. Alli- son. The expenditure of this fund has been under the direction of the Chief Nurse, Miss Edith B. Irwin. 19 The Foreign Fund amounted to 812.200.00 on leaving Philadelphia. Three hundred dol- lars were expended in the five weeks between leaving Philadelphia and arriving in Chatel Guyon. France. There was added to the fund by various contributions sent to hranee the sum of $8250.00. which at varying rates of exchange amounted to 46.219.00 francs. This sum was further increased by bank interest of 8<>4.70 francs and from sale of equip- ment by 1122.00 francs. There was expended in France and while returning to Philadelphia the equivalent of 5Cn0(>.00 francs. The sum of $10,()73.04 was returned to Philadelphia. Expenditures from the Foreign Fund were made for the great variety of needs which arise in connection with a large hospital. These funds supplemented those provided by the Army, but had a much wider range of usefulness and because of the absence of red tape were much more promptly available. The itemized expenditures have been listed on Field Vouchers No. 1 to 45, and have been reported in detail to the larger donors of the fund. PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT The selection, purchase and accounting of the hospital equipment involved an enormous amount of labor. The equipment listed by the Manual of the Medical Department of the U. S. Army and by the American Red Cross was antiquated and entirely inadequate for the needs of a five-hundred-bed hospital. Various committees, appointed by the authorities at Washington, to make up modern standardized lists of equipment for the different hospital departments, were slow in present- ing their reports. After indefinite delay each Base Hospital finally had to act on its own initiative in making up these lists. Uncertainty as to whether Base Hospitals would be quartered in tents, in barracks, or in civilian buildings, and whether or not electricity and steam would be available for hospital purposes rendered the selection of specific items of equipment a rather difficult problem. Many items could no longer be obtained in the open market and had to be substituted or made to order on sixty to ninety days' delivery, with a prospect that the Unit would sail before the order was completed. Goods obtained in distant markets were delayed or lost in transit. Cash in hand had to be secured before orders were given. Changes in officers having charge of Base Hospitals in the Surgeon General's Office and in the Red Cross resulted in frequent changes of policy relative to equipment. These and many other difficulties were overcome by the hearty co-operation of the professional staff of Base Hospital No. 20, who succeeded in compiling a modern, well- balanced list of equipment which met every requirement in every department when later put to the test of actual service in France. All hospital equipment and supplies, whether purchased or donated, were securely packed in strong boxes and stored in the Larkin Building at Twenty-second and Arch Streets, and in the Leas & McX'itty XX'arehouse, 303 X'ine Street, pending shipment overseas. Each box was plainly labeled in green paint with its number, weight, cubic capacity, shipping address and Base Hospital No. 20 insignia. A packer's list of four hundred pages was compiled, giving the number of each box, from whom purchased, where stored, the names, quantity and unit price of every article contained in the box, and the total value, weight and cubic contents of the box. The following are a few items illustrating the great variety of equipment procured for Case Hospital No. 20: 600 beds, 1200 pillows, 1500 blankets, 250 folding chairs, 250 bedside tables, surgical instruments for every kind of operation; complete equipment for four surgical operating rooms; drugs, anesthetics and antiseptics of all kinds; complete equipment of scales, bottles, boxes, labels, capsules, mortar and pestles, etc., for drug store; complete laboratory, dental and N-ray apparatus and supplies; complete dining-room and kitchen equipment, including mechanical dishwasher, potato peeler, dough mixer and meat 20 chopper; office supplies, including 15 typewriters, mimeograph, adding-machine, paper, en- velopes, pens, ink, pencils, etc.; carpenters' and plumbers' tools, grindstone, blacksmith forge and anvil; garage repair shop and extra automobile parts; equipment for barber shop and butcher shop; brooms, mops, scrubbing brushes and soap; gauze dressings and sponges, cotton bandages and slings; pajamas, surgical shirts, pneumonia jackets, bath robes and shoulder wraps; sheets, towels and handkerchiefs; extensive library of surgical, dental and military reference books; flags, bugles, picks, shovels, pins, needles, stretchers, crutches, splints, camera, and human skeleton ; five ambulances, one touring car, one truck and three motorcycles; three steam boilers and a steam engine. XX'hen the difficulties of ocean transportation became acute the Surgeon General's Office issued a list of many items of hospital equipment which were forbidden shipment overseas. Each Base Hospital was permitted to take only three ambulances. Base Hospital No. 20 had five ambulances, one of which, presented by the Mercantile Club, was turned over by the direction of the National American Red Cross to the Naval Hospital at League Island, Philadelphia, and a second excess ambulance, presented by the Mount Airy Red Cross Auxiliary, was delivered to the Army Medical Supply Depot in Philadelphia by direction of the Surgeon General. It became known many months later that the remaining three ambulances as well as one motortruck and three motorcycles were held on the dock in New York as a result of still more stringent regulations going into effect after Base Hospital No. 20 left Philadelphia. The ultimate definite disposition made of these motor vehicles is unknown to the Director, but they were probably sent to Army Camps in the United States. Further items of metal desks, power-driven ice cream freezer and medicine cabinets to the value of $1689.00 were refused transportation and were sold to the Army Medical Supply Depot. One large refrigerator was sold for $400.00 and another for $300.00. A total of thirty-four freight car loads of equipment was shipped to New York, and the greater part of it accompanied the personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 on the ocean voyage to Brest in the U. S. S. Leviathan, and arrived fairly promptly at Chatel Guyon, the hos- pital station in France. Some few items straggled along during the subsequent months. Many items never arrived. Repeated efforts to locate them, both in FYance and America, were unsuccessful. The entire equipment and supplies of Base Hospital No. 20 were turned over to the Medical Department of the U. S. Army without one cent of expense to the Government. In the organization of Base Hospital No. 20 Dr. Carnett worked in close co-operation with and received the untiring support of all the officers assigned to the Section on Base Hospitals in both the Surgeon General's Office and the National Office of the American Red Cross in XX'ashington. To Colonel C. Lincoln Furbush, M. C. particularly is Base Hos- pital No. 20 under a debt of obligation for his whole-hearted assistance, official as well as unofficial, in perfecting its organization and in retaining its medical officers. ""^^^^^m^^^^^^ 21 Part II ACTIVE DUTY N NOVEMBER 24, 1917, there was received from the Headquarters of the Eastern Department the following order quoted in part: "In compliance with telegraphic instructions of the War Department, November 22, 1917, the enlisted personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 (University of Pennsylvania Hos- pital, Philadelphia, Pa.), will be mobilized at the First State Armory, Thirty- third and Lancaster Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa., by Major Thomas H. Johnson, commanding this Hospital, for the purpose of being trained and equipped while awaiting orders for foreign service. The remaining professional personnel, nurses and civilian employees, will be mobilized at a later date." They reported at the First State Armory, Thirty-third and Lancaster Ave- nue, Philadelphia, Pa. Six of the men had already been on duty caring for property and doing the necessary preliminary clerical work. Bv November 30, 1917, the majority of the men had reported at the place which was to be their home and garrison for the next four months. The First Roll Call, Thanksgiving, 1917 Through the courtesy of the Athletic Association of the University of Pennsylvania, the train- ing house, gvmnasium, and Franklin Field were placed at the disposal of the Unit. The train- ing house was used by the mess department, as there were no kitchen or mess facilities in the Armory. The cooks, K. P.'s .and the majority of the N. C. O.'s were also quartered in this building. 23 The Armory The Training House Franklin Field, University ok Pennsylvania Fatigue Detail at the Armory The commanding officer appointed Major Piersol, Summary Court Officer; Captain Edwards, Adjutant; and Captain Bates both Mess Officer and Post Exchange Officer. Routine adminis- tration and instruction were mapped out. The men were outfitted as quickly as possible, but it was some time before the Quartermaster's Department could supply each complete equipment. The headquarters office was in charge of Master Hospital Sergeant Ray Coulman, with Ser- geant Henry S. Hagert, acting as sergeant in charge of the detachment. By the 20th of December all of the officers and men had reported and routine military instruc- tion was well under way. This instruction consisted of drills and setting up exercises held either on Franklin Field or in the big drill room on the first floor of the Armory. Platoon drills and hikes were held in Fairmount Park. Instruction was given in the duties of a soldier, honors, cus- toms and salutes, first aid, sanitation, hygiene, non-coms' school and the many other subjects so necessary for the proper training of an efficient organization. Many of the men were assigned to various hospitals. The University of Pennsylvania, Presby- terian, Polyclinic and Howard Hospitals, all situated in Philadelphia, kindly and patriotically opened their doors for whatever instruction they could give in their operating rooms, laboratories, dis- pensaries and wards. Of the 153 enlisted personnel, 103 had at least five weeks' hospital training in this manner. Here they gained valuable experience, acting as ward masters, orderlies, anesthetists, dispensary assistants and pharmacists. Several teachers at the University of Pennsylvania also arranged for special instruction of officers and men in various subjects pertaining to their future work, such as Military Surgery, Bacteriology, Roentgenology, Hydrotherapy, Dentistry, French Language, Splint-making, etc., etc. The experience of Base Hospital No. 20 amply demonstrated that a large city presented many advantages over a training camp for the mobilization and military and medical training of the personnel of hospital units. At this time the entire unit had all necessary dental work attended to preparatory to over- seas duty. They were also vaccinated against typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and smallpox. From reveille to taps there was never an idle moment—every one had some task or occupation assigned to him, and in a very short time the organization was running like a veteran outfit. A Post Exchange was established shortly after mobilization under the charge of Captain William Bates. Several of the ladies who had been particularly helpful as members of the University Red Cross Auxiliary or of the Welfare Committee or in furthering otherwise the interests of Base Hospital No. 20 were entertained at luncheon—the regular army mess—at the University Students' Training House on December 15, 1917. Each guest, provided with a regulation mess kit. formed into line to receive their rations and "seconds" and even "thirds," and after disposing of of them proceeded to police their mess kits in real army style. Luncheon Party, December IS, 1917 "General" John C. Bell 25 The Christina- holidays were short and sweet. A large tree was dressed and placed in the big drill room, every man received a package containing cigarettes, candv and fruit, and woolen ac- cessory apparel. The entire enlisted personnel were presented with University of Pennsylvania Base Hospital No. 20 pins by the Hon. John C. Bell, a trustee of the University and a former Attorney (.eneral of Pennsylvania, and they in turn elected him an honorary member of the organization. During Christinas week a dance was given. First Review, December 15, 1917 En Route to Mess First Review, December 15, 1917 Memorial Arch, Fairmount Park Boathouse Row, Fairmount Park Schuylkill Dam, Fairmount Park 26 On February 22, 1918, the Unit gave a vaudeville entertainment, followed by a dance in Mercantile Hall, which was well attended and enjoyed by their relatives and friends. On March 1st Master Hospital Sergeant Coulman was ordered away, having been com- missioned a first lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps. His place was taken by Hospital Sergeant Osco Shearer, who joined from the Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, I). C. There being great rivalry among the platoons it was decided to hold a field meet on Tuesday, March 26, 1918, to determine which one was supreme in drill and athletics. This day stands out prominently in the history of Base Hospital No. 20, for just as the meet was drawing to a close a code telegram was received which contained the following instructions for departure: "1. Base Hospital No. 20, now at First State Armory, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania, will proceed to Camp Merritt, New Jersev, so as to arrive there as soon Officers, Unit Field Day, March 26, 1918 Officers and Enlisted Men, March 26, 1918 27 after noon, March 31, 1(>1S. as possible, reporting upon arrival to the commanding officer for transportation overseas. "2. The personnel of this organization consists of 2? officers, 153 enlisted men, (o female nurses, 3 civilian employees and 1 dietitian (female)." Then began a period of great activity. Details were rushed to the Larkin building and to Leas and McXitty's storehouse, where the men worked like Trojans to load the hospital equip- Liei "i en a nt-Colon el Carnett Entraining Larkin Building Waiting to Entrain, Philadelphia, April 1, 1918 28 ment into freight cars within the allotted time. Lt. Philip F. XX'illiams was sent as advance officer to prepare for the arrival at the next destination. A final inspection, packing of kits, short farewells to assembled friends, the boarding of the train at 11 A. M., April 1, 1918, to the accompaniment of band music furnished by Dr. John B. Deaver, and U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 was on the first leg of its journey overseas. The organization arrived in Camp Merritt the same day about 4.00 P. M., and remained there for three weeks awaiting sailing orders. During this period the men participated in daily drills and hikes and indulged in competition in various sports. The Unit Base Ball Team defeated all comers, playing four games. The Unit's champion boxer, I'rivate George XV. Allison, defeated the champion of the camp. The Unit's wrestler, Sergeant Michael M. Dorizas, defeated the camp champion. Several of the Unit men assisted in stage and vaudeville entertainments to amuse the camp on amateur nights. While at Camp Merritt an officer was detailed each day to act as instructor in military drill for the Base Hospital No. 20 nurses who were on duty at Ellis Island. The nurses had been mobilized several weeks previously. From January 15 to February 18, 1918, the nurses who lived at a distance from Phila- delphia one by one received orders to report on Ellis Island No. 3, New York Harbor. Finally the nurse personnel from Philadelphia reported as per orders for mobilization on Ellis Island on February 18, 1918. At this time the personnel consisted of sixty-five nurses, one dietitian and three civilian secre- taries. One secretary resigned to be married after reporting at Ellis Island. The nurses were quartered in large hospital wards, twenty-two in each ward. A chair for each bed and a small table for every two beds comprised the furniture. Clothes were hung on a T bar at the head of the bed. There was one bathroom for each ward and always plenty of hot water. Immigration Station Nurses Boarding Holyoake ELLIS ISLAND, NO. 1 Between two and three hundred nurses were stationed on the island. Meals were served in a small restaurant, with a seating capacity of less than one hundred, on Island No. 2. The day after their arrival they went to New York to be outfitted with street uniforms, gray chambray duty uniforms, long coats, rain coats, shoes and rubber boots. At the end of two days the measurements had all been taken and at the end of one week all were in uniform. Within the first few days papers for XYar Risk Insurance and Allotments were also filled out and a trip to Hoboken was made to have passports completed. At the end of one week they were ready to sail. During this first week at a special "tea party" given in one of the wards, each nurse was presented with a wrist watch, an Army locker trunk, a silk American flag, a P>ase Hospital No. 20 gold emblem clasp pin, knitted goods and wool yarn, all of which had been provided by their Philadelphia friends. 29 iltfjfsfcartem,, Demonstrating Safety Suits, New York Bay, March, 1918 Three weeks after arrival on Ellis Island the Immigration Hospital was taken over by the U. S. Army and the nurses of Base Hospital No. 20 were assigned to duty for five weeks pend- ing the arrival of the nurses who were assigned permanently to Ellis Island. At this time the Chief Nurse of the Unit, Miss Irwin, was appointed Chief Nurse of the Nurses Mobilization Station of Ellis Island, which post she held until sailing orders for Base Hospital No. 20 were received. While the nurses were on Ellis Island the Director, Dr. Carnett, came over from Philadel- phia. He and three of the nurses gave a practical demonstration of the efficiency of a pneu- matic safety suit by donning them and jumping into New York Bay. These suits were provided for every member of the Unit. On April 22, 1918, under orders the nurses left Ellis Island on the small boat Holyoake, reporting at Pier No. 4, Transport No. 22, which proved to be the U. S. S. Leviathan. On April 20th the officers and men at Camp Merritt were ordered to entrain for Hoboken the following day. Barrack bags were packed on April 20th and carried to the station in a terrific down pour of rain. Barrack bags were always a troublesome detail, especially when they had to be carried on shoulder or in hand, for kind friends and relatives had overfilled them in anticipa- tion of every emergency. Then came the rolling of packs and the march out of camp on April 21st to the strains of "Hail Pennsylvania" and "XXVre Going Over." On arrival at Hoboken the inevitable and inexplicable delays incident to embarkation were punctuated by apples and cigar- ettes rained down from windows of nearby buildings. A life suit—rented for the trip from con- tributions for the purpose—was issued to each officer and man, and finally a single file passed along the wharf to the gang-plank of the mighty U. S. S. Leviathan, which less than four months before had been the German-wrecked \Taterland. At the gang-plank each man received a card bearing the number of his bunk, which latter he sought with diligence and shed his pack with great relief. The afternoon wore on to dusk and the harbor lights twinkled out. Ruminating on deck would have been pleasant, but taps sounded an early call to bunks. All the next day and eve- ning found the big boat still at dock loading more men and supplies, but the following cool, clear morning there were the new sights, new sounds and new motions of a ship at sea. The official roster of all officers, nurses, and civilian employees of Base Hospital No. 20 who sailed on U. S. S. Leviathan can be ascertained on pages 233-256. "The voyage was wonderful, free from submarines, free from seasickness, a calm sea and beautiful weather, dances every evening with such handsome officers and interesting things hap- pening every minute." So wrote a nurse. For the enlisted men below decks the trip was "won- derful" in an entirely different way. The atmosphere was not so free, the calm sea and beautiful weather were not so evident, and the self-same officers did not appear so handsome in the role of inspectors. There were in the neighborhood of 10.000 persons aboard. Soldiers were stowed awav in every nook and corner and slept in tiers of bunks three and four deep. Lining up for mess and for an hour's airing on deck, each twice daily, with abandon ship drill once daily, consumed most of the day. The most lasting impression of the ship centers around the men's mess hall with its powerful and rapid food service and its greasy glass floor. No one was permitted on deck after dark. The hardships below decks were borne good naturedly for they were the means to a coveted end—the getting across. The ship's destination was unknown, but rumors and conjectures were all absorbing. The Leviathan crossed alone. However, one foggv morning there appeared four destroyers, which acted as an escort into the beautiful harbor of Brest on May 2, 1918. This was the first entrance into this harbor for the mammoth ship and the Unit's first sight of France. The nurses remained on board the Leviathan, but the officers and men were landed in small boats and marched, under full equipment, a well-recollected three miles uphill on unsteady sea- legs at a rapid pace and without a stop, to Camp Pontanazen, fallaciously designated a "rest" camp. The French under Rochambeau, who aided young America, once assembled in its stone barracks. These barracks, however, were filled and the personnel slept under canvas on "duck- board" floors and cooked and ate in the open air. 31 f«^ U. S. S. Leviatha; fc««1 B. H. 20 and 30 Nurses Debarking, Brest U. S. S. LEVIATHAI^ TU^^^^D Compartment BILLET Room Sec. No.2 Located on. .deck______ Midship Bunk N? 55G Abandon Ship \ 5 ElRll* Mustering Station] No. ___located Ma,l_wi** (over) Assk.nmknt Card Gateway at Camp Pontanazen Private George P. Shepherdson died the morning after arriving at the U. S. A. Camp Hos- pital at Pontanazen. He became ill on board the Leviathan and was removed to the ship's sick bay and from there was transferred to the Camp Hospital, suffering from scarlet fever compli- cated by diphtheria. 1 lis death, being the only fatality, was a severe blow to the entire organi- zation, for "Shep," as he was familiarly known, was very popular because of his earnest and kindly disposition. He was buried with full military honors on May 6th in "Kerfautras" per- manent cemetery, Brest, Finistere; Grave No. 7; Row No. 3; Plot "A." On the morning of May 5th, the officers and men marched to the station at Brest and were rejoined by the nurses, who came directly from the Leviathan, and all entrained for Chatel Guyon, the future French home of Base Hospital No. 20. Two days and nights were spent in continuous travel on a diminutive French train. Six nurses or six officers or eight enlisted men, with their two days' rations and all their personal bag- gage other than trunks or barrack bags, were crowded together in each narrow compartment. Much ingenuity was exercised in devising ways and means to procure sleep. XYhite bread, canned bully beef, beans, tomatoes, and jam constituted the two days' food supply. A General Order prohibited eating or drinking at French restaurants en route. At the larger cities coffee was provided at the car steps by French Red Cross ladies. The train was not supplied with drinking water or any of the usual conveniences found on American passenger cars. At such points as the engine stopped for water there was usually found one lone water tap and if it bore the magic label "potable" there would be a wild scramble of nurses, officers, and men laden with canteens, empty tomato cans, soap, towels and various accessory toilet articles. Shaving was accomplished with the aid of hot water from the engine and trench mirrors fastened to the side of the car. Everyone was generous in pouring water from tomato cans onto each other's hands and tooth brushes. The improvident did not have far to seek for the loan of a towel end. The happy, bustling, informal scene was at times further enlivened by overflying friendly aeroplanes, and at other times was abruptly interrupted by a warning, dinky, little toot from the diminutive engine. At every station there were extended hearty greetings for "Les Americains," and doubly so, as the French caught sight of the nurses, for "Les Femmes," "Les Femmes." The peasant women's little white caps—different for the different provinces—were in evi- dence everywhere. A nurse ad- mired the cap on the head of a sweet-faced girl in mourning. The French girl took off her cap, pinned it with great care on the American nurse and kissed her on both cheeks. The personnel of Base Hospital No. 30 accompanied Base Hospital No. 20 on all stages of the journe) from Camp Merritt to within three miles of Chatel Guyon, where the former branched off at Riom to proceed about ten miles to their own destination at Rovat. En Route to Chatel Guyon Nurses Arriving, Chatel Guyon The special train from Brest passed through Rennes, Angers, Tours, Nevers, and Riom and arrived at Chatel Guyon on May 7, 1918. The Unit was met at the station of Chatel Guyon by the Mayor, Dr. Levadoux, and the Me- decin Chef of the town, by an informal escort of French soldier patients and French villagers, and bv Lieutenant Millet, M. C, U. S. A., attached to the R. R. & C. section of the Chief Sur- 33 ^r-v 0^»^^m^rms LA MA & resj 'A /(jimper J. orient • Guernese srnesev # ^A. rac? (Ang ISUt 'annes rfedjjn* Belle - He &°, I.Noirmcul/e^ IdYeuCj lesSiblesd'Obnf ZMa/o Dinah fennes Lave) ^Nantes Z, ^Arqentan ,s Lvreu* Alenpon ,rS3' I a Roche s Yon ngers, .Saumut 'Creif^ eauxS& yjef'jn^ Sens M A^MBERWEK- „ CLERnONSf Canors - 'K Mont -de -a larsan ^g™ f manors ttX^Montauban oA/bi louipuse Jarbes EtjenpT (I 7"^ <^™*<3T Aunllac v^^vePuf Jf ^fi)u)^Ji f \~~;~ r ) Nj/^^^o )JValence) ^JjUTfy Mende \ Ai t Nih ircassonne\ fiqnon lr/es\ 'par* Oi ,<< ^. ANOORRE" ' irbonne M arseille /raquignan '.S.v ■lOsse erpiqnan Fup/eraj To"' FRANCE Chatel Guyon and Vicinity geon's office, who had previously arranged for the leasing of buildings and for the arrival of Base Hospital No. 20. Chatel Guyon is situated on the edge of the large fertile plain of Limagne, in the foothills of the Puy-de-Dome mountains, and has an altitude of 1220 feet. It enjoys an excellent climate both winter and summer, but is particularly known as a summer health resort. It is served by the PLM railroad by a branch running from Riom six kilometers distant, which is on the main line running from Clermont-Ferrand to Paris. A perfectly pure water supply is piped from a reservoir fed by springs at Malauzat, some twelve kilometers distant. Electric light and power are supplied by hydro-electric plants situated on the Sioule river about twenty-five kilometers northwest of Chatel Guvon at Le Barrage and Le Viaduc des Fades. The modern section of the town is equipped with a modern sewage dis- posal works. Sewage is conducted in underground pipes to a series of septic tanks several kilo- meters beyond the limits of the town. The plumbing of the buildings occupied by Base Hospital No. 20 was rather scanty and im- perfect when judged by American standards. It was installed for use only during the summer season and in some instances pipes were carried along the exterior of buildings, so that much difficulty was later experienced with frozen pipes during the winter weather. Much new plumb- ing was installed by the Americans. The heating plants were designed with a view to the buildings being utilized only in the summer months and were entirely inadequate during the winter. The heating plants had to be supplemented by coal stoves, which were set up in hallways or in patients' rooms, and the stove pipes were carried out through openings cut for them in 35 '5'i .= S2=£s.5£8w£.Sj "~ c o m S — ^ H fi £ s 0 u J < w L> H 3£ < < ,o H the window panes. Although the buildings occupied by Base Hospital No. 20 were from three to five stories in height, only one of them, the du Pare, was equipped with an elevator which would functionate. Ihese buildings were taken over unfurnished, and in each a number of rooms were re- served by the proprietors in which they placed the furniture and furnishings used in peace times. These reserved rooms and the wine cellars offered an irresistible field for exploration by the in- quisitive and thirst)- patients. They were a frequent source of trouble and formed the basis for many claims for indemnity by the owners of the property. The dust of travel had hardly been washed from faces and brushed from clothes before Col. Johnson and Major Carnett had worked wonders in the way of organization and arrangement of quarters, and the quartermaster and the mess department had dealt successfully with the diffi- cult problem of providing meals. The nurses after a few days in the Hotel du Pare were established in the Hotel Interna- tional, one of the newest and most pleasantly situated hospital buildings. The officers were quar- tered first on one of the floors of the du Pare and then permanently in the Hotel des Princes. The enlisted men at first quartered in the Hotels Regma and Hermitage, after a short time were transferred to their permanent barracks, the X'illas Florence, Trianon and Palais Royal. As soon as the nurses and officers moved from the du Pare Motel the enlisted men were put on duty cleaning it. This was no mean undertaking, as was at once evident in this hotel and later found true in all the other thirty-two buildings taken over by the Hospital. Several of them had been used by the French for military hospitals and had just been vacated by Algerian pa- tients who left the premises in the foulest condition imaginable. After the men had cleaned the premises to suit the male mind, the nurses literally got down on their hands and knees and with rag and brush, broom and mop, recleaned floors, walls, woodwork and ceiling. As part of the Hospital equipment was arriving daily, the unpacking was begun and the Flotel du Pare rapidly equipped for patients and was ready to receive 200 within ten days. The nurses marked all the linen, using a power-driven marking machine, stocked the linen rooms, and helped equip the wards and operating rooms. Fatigue Details Hotels du Parc and des Princes 37 Hotel International Officers—May, 1918 While the wards were being equipped, paint brushes and carpenters' tools were working overtime to finish up the two handsomely equipped, white-painted operating rooms, the dental offices, the laboratories, the X-Ray rooms, the drug store, dispensaries, and the administrative offices. The French people marveled at the transformation in their buildings. Base Hospital No. 20 formally opened its doors to receive patients on Decoration Day, May M), 1(H8. Patriotic airs were sung by the nurses and detachment, addresses were delivered by Lieutenant Colonel Johnson, Major Carnett and Chaplain Israel; and as "To the Colors" was sounded the American flag was raised over the Hotel du Pare. One patient had been admitted the preceding day and a few others were admitted from neigh- boring Aviation and Artillery lamps prior to the arrival of the first Hospital Train with three hundred and fifty-nine patients on June 8, 1918. With but few exceptions all patients thereafter were brought to Chatel (luyon on Special Hospital Trains. Patients were assigned, according to their predominant affection, to the Medical, Surgical, Ophthalmological, Laryngological and Urological Services, and were distributed to the various hospital wards or sections designated for each of these specialties. Following1 the admission of the first train load of patients, the history of Base Hospital No. 20 can best be presented by a discussion of its individual departments and activities. Xurses Marking Laundry 38 Singing "Star Spangled Banner" Raising American Flag Prayer by Chaplain Israel Address by Lieutenant-Colonel Johnson FLAG RAISING, MAY 30, 1918 ADMISSION OF PATIENTS The metliod adapted for unloading the first Hospital Train on fune 8. 1918, was maintained with but slight modifications. Upon the receipt of telegraphic notice of the impending arrival ot a Hospital Train, each ward surgeon was required to submit to the Chiefs of the Surgical and Medical Services the number of vacant beds in his wards as well as the-number of patients who could be transferred to convalescent buildings if the necessity demanded. From this data the Chiefs ot Surgical and Medical Services made provision for the number and variety of cases which the incoming train was reported to contain, and a chart was prepared stating the exact number of beds available in each ward. This chart also contained the listed hospital buildings or sections, and the character of cases received by it. The Commanding Officer and the two Chiefs of Ser- vice, with several enlisted men as aides, boarded the Hospital Train at Riom, the first town beyond I hatel Guyon, and each patient was tagged with the section to which he was to go. U. S. Army Hospital Train, June 8, 1918 • ■ *f* > Interior of Cars of U. S. Army Hospital Train An accurate check of the patients was made on the chart at the station. Sections of the station plattorm under the large overhanging roof were placarded with numbers corresponding to the sections or hospital buildings. Stretcher bearers, immediately upon the arrival of the train unloaded the patients and carried them to the section indicated on their tag. Here a second set of stretcher bearers loaded them into an ambulance or truck bound for the section, the very sick 40 cases being cared for first. At each section of hospital buildings, a third set of stretcher bearers were stationed to unload the patients from the ambulances and carry them to the ward. In this way there was no confusion in the assignment of patients to the different wards and a train of over four hundred wounded could be unloaded and the patients placed in beds within an hour and a half. Each surgeon was required to be in his ward to receive his patients; so that every wound could be dressed by the ward surgeon Is soon after arrival as possible. The wisdom of this plan was well demonstrated in many instances and was the means of saving life and limb in sev- eral cases, and resulted in greater comfort to all, for it frequently happened that the wounds had not been dressed for from two to four days. The first train of patients, consisting of 359 cases, arrived on Hospital Train No. 54 on June 8th. They had all been evacuated from Base Hospitals nearer the front and none of them was acutely sick. At that time both the medical and surgical cases were put in the main building, Section No. 4 (the du Pare Hotel). From then on the medical and surgical work of P.ase Hospital No. 20 hecame progressively more active, and one building after another was opened up for the increas- ing number of patients. On July 6th a second train of patients, numbering 357, was brought in by U. S. Hospital Train No. 56. There were more surgical cases in this second train and many of them were quite ill. On July 17th, Hospital Train No. 53, carrying 411 patients, arrived. These were the most acute battle casualties that had been received up until that time. Many of the patients were gassed, mostly with mustard, some by phosgene and chlorine. There was also a large number of acute surgical cases—many that had not been operated on. On their arrival at Base Hospital No. 20 it was necessary to locate the foreign bodies and also perform debridements on a number of the wounded. This train load of patients came from the Chateau-Thierry front and were among the early casualties of the second battle of Chateau-Thierry. On July 25th, Hospital Train No. 54 brought the largest train load of most seriously wounded patients that arrived at any time during the summer of 1918. There were 587 cases, all from the Chateau-Thierry front, and the majority of them were surgical, suffering from various types of gun-shot wounds. Many of these patients had had primary operations done upon them in the Evacuation Hospitals around Paris, but even so, a considerable number had to be oper- ated on immediately after their arrival at Base Hospital No. 20. Ambulance Patients Arriving at Night 41 Unloading U. S. A. Hospital Train at Chatel (ii von Station Transfer of Patients by Ambulance to the Hospital Buildings On August 5th, Hospital Train No. 59 brought 227 patients. On August 11th the same train returned with 460 cases. Most of these patients were serious surgical cases and had been wounded in the fighting around Soissons and Fismes. On August 24th, 364 patients were brought in on Hospital Train No. 52. These cases were mostly surgical, having shrapnel, machine-gun and bullet wounds, but were not nearly so serious as those that had come in on the preceding trains. On September 6th, Hospital Train No. 64 brought in 299 patients from the Base Hospitals around Toul. These patients were nearly all walking cases and were in no way serious. Many of them were convalescent from slight medical conditions and others were suffering from various deformities and orthopedic troubles, such as flat foot. Evidently at this time there was a move- ment to evacuate the hospitals nearer the front back of the Toul sector. On September 15th, Hospital Train No. 56 brought down 390 patients. These came from Base Hospital No. 116, and were moderately severe battle casualties, that had been sustained in the St. Mihiel salient. On September 27th a French Hospital Train arrived with 260 slightly injured and sick, evacuated from the hospitals around Langres. They had originally come from the St. Mihiel salient and were not serious. Another French train arrived on October 2nd with 380 slightly injured and convalescent sitting patients. These patients had been brought from the Verdun region. U. S. A. Hospital Train No. 56 again arrived on October 6th with 294 more patients. These patients were more seriously injured and more acutely ill than any that had been received for a month. They also came from the Verdun sector. The following day a French train brought 301 patients, many of them moderately severe surgical cases that had been hurt in the Argonne. On October 10th, another French train brought 192 patients, mostly surgical, but with also a fair number of medical cases, especially cases of influenza and bronchitis. These patients also came from the Argonne. On October 15th, 385 slightly injured and convalescent medical sitting patients were brought in by a French train. They had also been wounded in the fighting north of the Argonne. U. S. A. Hospital Train No. 54 arrived on October 23rd with 302 patients. One-third of these were moderately severe surgical cases, the majority were suffering with or convalescent from influenza, and various acute infections of the respiratory tract, and a few were gassed. On November 1st, French Flospital Train No. 31, arrived with 255 patients from Souilly on the Argonne front; 49 were convalescent surgical and the remainder medical, including 1 of diph- theria, 1 of measles and 17 measles contacts. All of the contagious cases and contacts were iso- lated at once. On November 5th, French Hospital Train No. 39, delivered 439 patients from X'illers d'Ar- court A. R. C. E. H. No. 110 and E. H. No. 14. On November 12th, French Hospital Train No. 31, brought 390 patients from Evacuation Hos- pital No. 6. In its process of complete evacuation of patients, Base Hospital No. 95 sent from Mont-Dore 103 patients on December 5th and 156 on December 6th. On December 15th, American Hospital Train No. 54 delivered 460 patients from Rimecourt, of whom 64 were medical and the remainder were battle casualties. There was a larger per- centage of permanently crippled patients among them than from any other train. On December 20th, American Hospital Train No. 60 brought 501 patients from Toul of whom 27 were surgical. The remaining patients were medical, and for the most part were afflicted with diseases incident to exposure, such as influenza, bronchitis, rheumatism and con- valescent from pneumonia. A weekly summary of admissions, discharges, deaths and remaining in hospital of patients of Base Hospital No. 20 at Chatel Guyon, France, will be found on page 225. The maximum number of patients in the Hospital on any one day was 2253 on October 10, 1918. The num- ber of patients remaining in Hospital December 31, 1918, was 1079. 43 1'iom May 7, 1918 (the date of the arrival of I'.ase Hospital Xo. 20 in Chatel Guyon, France) to January 20, 1919 (the date the Hospital ceased to functionate), there were ad- mitted to Base Hospital Xo. 20 a total of 8703 patients. Of this number only 05 patients died. These statistics do not include 10(> admissions from the command to and from hospital and quarters prior to the arrival of this Unit in Chatel Guyon, France, on May 7, 1918. Rase Hospital Xo. 20 functionated throughout its career essentially as a base hospital. It cared for practically all of its patients throughout the period of their hospital treatment until they were either ready to return to duty, to convalescent camps or, as "D" cases, to the States. This was true for all cases except the few that were transferred to hospitals for special treatment. In this respect P.ase Hospital Xo. 20 differed from many other base hospitals which acted more as evacuation organizations where a thousand or more cases were frequently received within a twenty-four hour period, but were, in a day or so, in turn evacuated to those base hos- pitals functionating as real bases. DISCHARGE OF PATIENTS The discharge of patients was accomplished in two important ways, depending upon their physical condition. The Disability Board played an important part in this phase of the Hospital's life. The Board was composed of three medical officers. The first Board was appointed on June 14, 1918, in conformity with G. O. No. 41, A. E. F. and was composed of Major Pier- sol, Captain Bates and Lieutenant Strode. Frequent changes had to be made in the personnel of the Board because of so many officers being sent on detached duty. The majority of Base Hospital Xo. 20 medical officers served on the Board at one time or another. Individual patients were examined and classified by the Board into four groups, namely, classes "A," "P.," "C" and "D." Class "A" men were returned to duty at a Replacement Divi- sion, Classes "B" and "C" were evacuated according to order, while Class "D" men, being totally unfit for further service, were sent to Base Hospital No. 8, Savenay, or as it was later called "Hospital Center, Savenay" whence they would be sent back to America. As the various Class "A" patients were ready to be discharged, the point to which they were to be sent would be determined by the arm of service to which they belonged. For in- stance, troops belonging to the Field Artillery would go to the Field Artillery Replacement Regi- ment at La Corneau, a city not far from Bordeaux, while soldiers belonging to the Corps of Engineers would be sent to the Replacement Division for that branch at Angers. Orders were prepared in Headquarters Office sending these soldiers out, as was authorized bv various Gen- eral Orders and Special Circulars. These Replacement Divisions were constantly becoming filled up and for one reason or another would close, necessitating a change of destination for the evacuables. This was especially noticeable in the Replacement Depots for soldiers belonging to the Infantry. Notices were sent out to the various ward masters the night before the day of evacuation to get the patients ready for discharge. The following afternoon these men were assembled in front of Headquarters Office and checked up. Then Chaplain Israel addressed words of cheer and advice to them, after which they were marched down to the Quartermaster's Office to receive rations for their journey of from one to three days. Thence they marched to the station and boarded the French civilian train which left Chatel Guyon at 3.45 in the afternoon, taking them over to Riom, the small junction town south of Chatel Guyon. At this point the patients changed trains and were taken to the destination noted on their order of transport. A Military Policeman always accompanied the patients as far as Riom to prevent straggling. Except when orders temporarily stopped evacuations, patients were sent forward almost even- day of each week except Sunday. Class "B" and "C" patients were sent forward in a similar manner, but to different destinations. 44 Classification by Disability Board Chaplain Israel Delivering Address Assembly for Departure Marching Toward Commissary and Station Exterior Commissarv, Awaiting Travel Rations Interior Commissary, Drawing Travel Rations INCIDENTS IN DISCHARGE OF CLASS "A" PATIENTS Chatel Guyon Station—Awaiting Train Boarding French Train INCIDENTS IN DISCHARGE OF CLASS "A" PATIENTS . Class "D" patients constituted the permanently crippled and the seriously diseased and were always transported on American Hospital Trains. The visits by "D" trains were few and far between and uncertain as to time of arrival. Telegraphic notice of the approach of a hospital train for outgoing "D" patients caused more activity than the news of an incoming train. Each patient had to have a Disability Board Report, a Field Medical Card, and Clinical Record attached to his person. The latter two had to be closed and signed by the surgeon in attendance. Travel orders had to be made out. The top sergeant assigned his stretcher details to the various buildings. Many of the patients were suffering from wounds barely healed. Special splints suit- able for transportation had to be applied to legs and arms in many instances. The care taken in the moving of these patients was not exceeded by that taken in removing the wounded from incoming trains. At the gate of the station the patients were checked out and their records were pinned to them before they were carried into the train. It required skill indeed to move a patient whose leg or arm was in a huge wire splint from a stretcher to one of the comfortable beds on the train. It was here that the Chaplain and the Red Cross workers showed themselves true "angels of mercy" for with the care of a father or mother and the tenderness born of a flawless patriotism they would go around comforting and cheering the patients and distributing cigarettes and candy. The Commander of the Hospital Train receipted for the patients and their records and was given a copy of the order sending them out. The American Hospital Train, with its staff ot Medical Officers, Nurses and Medical Corps Men, was the last word in comfortable travel for the patients. The last patient was discharged from the Hospital on January 20, 1919, and the Chief Sur- geon, A. E. F., was notified that the Hospital ceased to functionate as such on that date. Loading of Class "D" Patients 47 Part III PROFESSIONAL SERVICES HE activities of the various professional and executive departments of Base Hospital No. 20, although described separately, were closely correlated. Each department functionated in the heartiest sort of co-operation with every other department. Each succeeding Commanding Officer devoted much attention to securing proper co-ordination of the work throughout the hos- pital. In this he was greatly aided by reports from the heads of the in- dividual departments supplemented by the observations made by the Com- manding Officer himself, by the Officer of the Day, by the Sanitary Officer and by the Chief Nurse, each of whom made individual and complete rounds of the hospital daily. At the daily Officers' Meetings, at which attendance was obligatory, the affairs of the hos- pital were fully discussed and many suggestions for improvements were adopted. The Medical Society meetings proved a powerful tonic for the professional work of the hospital. Throughout their service the entire personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 never lost sight of the fact that their patients were primarily human beings and not merely hospital ma- terial. Officers and nurses rendered whole-hearted, conscientious service. Enlisted men who previously had never had any experience in treating the sick speedily developed a gentleness of manner and deftness of touch in handling patients that were truly astonish- ing. Their services were rendered with unfailing cheerfulness in whatever direction would tend to add to the ease and comfort of their patients. SURGICAL Two weeks after the arrival of Base Hospital No. 20 at its permanent station it was Lt.-Col. E. L. Eliason, M. C. 49 Hotel du Parc Anaesthetizing Room Personnel Du Parc Piazza in Pre-YVar Times American Steam Boiler MAIN SURGICAL HOSPITAL BUILDING Operating Room "A" Operating Room "B" Class Instruction in Anaesthesia Operation in Progress Giant Magnet, Hawley Table and Pulmotor Suspension and Carrel-Dakin Treatment of Infected Fracture A Surgical Dressing Patient's Room HOTEL DU PARC prepared to care for 200 patients, and only a month after arrival it was prepared to receive 500 patient-. Major E. L. Eliason was in charge of the Surgical Service. The Hotel du Bare was selected as the chief surgical building, because of its large bed capacity. 375. the presence of a freight and passenger elevator and the arrangement ot rooms at one end suitable for an operating suite. Later, as expansion became necessary, other hotels were equipped as surgical wards until eleven hotels, during the busiest period, were occupied bv surgical patients. The Hotel du Parc was retained for the more serious cases, such as abdominal lesions, fractures of the long bones and recent operative patients. In the du Parc were also the operating and recovery rooms, the sterilizers, the X-ray depart- ment, the drug store, the Chief Nurse's Office and the main mess halls. The less serious, non-ambulatory cases, were cared for in the Splendid, Nouvel and Regence Hotels, because of the favorable messing facilities. Ambulatory, slightly wounded and convalescing pa- tients were quartered in the Castel-Regina, Castel Guy, De France, Elizabeth, Bon-Acceuil, Medeah and Thermes. One floor of the Nouvel was occupied by the Dental Department and the various dispensaries to which many of the ambulatory surgical, medical and genito- urinary cases came for dressing and treatment. In this hotel were also the Eye, the Ear, Nose and Throat and the Genito-Urinary Departments. XXhen the hospital first received patients, the officer patients were given a ward in the du Parc Hotel. Later they were moved into the Excelsior Hotel, which they occupied ex- clusively, having their own mess, dining and recreation rooms. The total capacity of these twelve hotels was approximately 1415 beds. Surgical wards in all the hotels were made up of numerous rooms, many of wdiich communicated. No room was large enough to accommodate more than five patients and allow the requisite space between beds. These small rooms, probably, were one of the factors that were responsible for the very small number of infectious cases which developed within this hospital. The operating suite consisted of an anesthetizing room, two operating rooms, two steriliz- ing rooms and two recovery rooms, all communicating. One operating room, with its steril- izing room, was intended for clean operative cases, and the other for infected operative cases. Each operating room had its complete surgical and sterilizing equipment, brought over with the hospital from the States. Steam for the sterilizers was furnished from a 15-horsepower boiler, also brought over by the hospital. The capacity of this sterilizing plant was sufficient to furnish the entire hospital with sterile goods and water. Sufficient operating equipment and instruments were brought over from the States to supply four tables working simultaneously, and, in addition, to equip fully the two operating teams sent to the front. The supply of instruments included all that could be desired for the per- formance of any operation, either general or special. This included, among other special apparatus, a giant magnet, a Hawley fracture table, and a motor-driven apparatus for intra-tracheal anesthesia. The entire hospital was lighted by an alternating electric current, and, as a direct cur- rent was available, the operating rooms were wired for this also. The X-Ray Department occupied rooms adjacent to the operating suite. The original professional personnel was as follows: Major Eldridge L. Eliason, Chief of Service ; Captains Floyd F. Keene, George M. Laws, XX'illiam Bates and Thomson Edwards, and Lieutenants Nathan R. Goldsmith and Edward J. Clemens. After the expansion of the hospital from the original 500 to a 2500-bed basis, and fol- lowing the departure of several of the above personnel for detached duty on surgical teams at the front, various changes and additions were necessary. Before casual officers were sent in to fill the vacancies, the surgical patients had increased to such numbers that officers from all other departments of the hospital had to be called upon to assist at the operations and in the care of the wounded. At that time there remained only eleven medical officers to care for more than 1600 patients. 52 Major F. E. Keene, M. C. Major Geo. M. Laws, M. R. C Major Thomson Edwards, M. R. C. Major Wm. Hates. M. C. Captain N. R. Goldsmith, M. C. Lieutenant E. L. Clemens, M. C. fTB¥ iTii II If II Mi n rs ■■ ii u H Personnel and Patients, Regence Hotel Personnel, Hotel Nouvei. Castel Regina Hotel Regence Nouvel Splendid, Front *c c ft ghmfyi tf\i »«*: Peksoxnel and Patients—Bon-Acceuil Patients—Le Castel Guy Hotel Bon-Acceuil Hotel Castel Guv Hotel Medeah Personnel, Villa Elizabeth Hotel Thermes Hotel de France Hotel Excelsk Captain Ryan's Room Dining Room, Christmas Personnel Convalescent Officer Patients OFFICER PATIENTS' HOSPITAL At various times later the following casual medical officers were assigned to duty on the surgical service: Captain John E. Kelly, Chief of Surgical Service in the absence of Major Eliason, who was on detached duty in charge of Operating Team No. 61 ; Captain Russell XV. Ulrich, Lieutenant Fred L. Gibbs, Lieutenant John B. Dinsmore, Captain George B. Booth, Lieutenant Philip H. Nevitt, Lieutenant George F. Crothers, Lieutenant XX'orster H. House, Lieutenant Howard W. Gibbs, Lieutenant William E. Carroll and Major XYm. H. Speer, in their chronological order. Each ward was in charge of a ward surgeon who made rounds every morning, dressing daily those cases needing his attention and supervising a "dressing" nurse as she attended to the less serious and nearly healed wounds. At the admission of patients, who usually arrived in large numbers, the ward surgeon was always present to examine every patient and dress every wound. Patients who were able to be out of bed were all dressed in the ward surgical dressing room until such time as their wounds and their ability to walk permitted them to be sent to the minor surgical department, commonly termed "Dispensary," for treatment. This ex- pedient reduced the work in the ward immensely and permitted more intensive care of those cases having extensive wounds. Each morning at eleven o'clock the patients for dispensary treatment were checked out to report at the dispensary at a certain hour, which hour waft different for each ward, thereby preventing overcrowding of the department at any one time. They were again checked in at the dispensary. Under this system it was definitely known that patients reported for treatment as ordered. Whenever a condition developed in a surgical patient that came within the realm of medicine or the specialties, a consultation blank was made out and sent to the chief of that service, who, after examination, wrote his report on the history, with suggestions for treat- ment, or a transfer of the patient was made to the proper ward. The ward surgeon again made rounds on all his patients at seven o'clock in the evening, receiving the report of the day nurse before she was relieved from duty by the night nurse. Major Eliason wras a very energetic and efficient Chief of the Surgical Service. He acted in the capacity of supervisor and consultant. Every morning at nine o'clock he held an office hour in the anesthetizing room, where he saw all ambulatory cases upon whom a surgical opinion was desired. He then made rounds with the ward surgeons of the various wards, with whom he consulted in regard to the care and treatment of their patients. When operations were deemed necessary, they were performed by the ward surgeon or by the Chief of the Service, assisted by the ward surgeon. The types of operations were not varied. But few primary closures of wounds were performed, due to the fact that practically all wounds were many days old on their arrival at the hospital. More sec- ondary closures were attempted, after routine culture to determine the bacterial content. In many large wounds the healing time and the subsequent scar formation were greatly reduced by the application of adhesive tension dressings and the daily application of sunlight treat- ment. The opening of abscesses, the removal of necrotic bone fragments and the removal of an offending piece of shrapnel or bullet, and an occasional amputation comprised the remaining types of war wound surgery. Head and face cases, patients requiring recon- struction operation on divided nerves, and orthopedic patients were by order sent to their appropriate hospital centers for treatment. The remainder of the operations performed were undertaken for appendicitis, hernias, hemorrhoids, varicoceles, lymphadenitis, etc. All fractures of the long bones and all ab- dominal operations were kept in XX'ard A of the du Parc Hotel, which was on the same floor with the operating rooms and the X-Ray Department. This was done to minimize the moving of these patients. After a few months had elapsed, an orthopedic consultant, Captain de Forest XX illard, came over from Vichy at stated periods and gave the surgeons the benefit of his advice and suggestions on the treatment of the orthopedic patients. 57 As soon as a patient's condition warranted it, he was transferred to a convalescent ward. When he had reached the stage for classification he was passed upon by the Classification Hoard, and then transferred to the States, to another hospital, to a convalescent camp, or returned to duty. The classification was always kept up-to-date and lists of the patients in each were kept both in the wards and in the Registrar's office. This facilitated immensely the evacuation of patients of any given class on short notice. Convalescents were of great assistance in helping to care for other more helpless patients and also in the routine ward work. But for their cheerful assistance the regular hospital personnel would many times have been inadequate to carry on the work properly. In the equipment brought from the States were two Gwathmey gas-oxygen machines and a supply of filled tanks. Nitrous oxide-oxygen was the anesthetic of choice. For short operations requiring not more than 15 minutes, the Depage method of anesthesia was often employed. Ether alone was used only on selected cases or when there was a shortage of gas. Novocain as a local anesthetic was frequently used with much success. For infected wounds the Carrel-Dakin treatment was used almost exclusively. This was alternated very often, in wide open wounds, with direct sunlight treatment. It was soon found that sunlight was a very great aid to slow healing wounds with sluggish epitheliali- zation. The mortality among the patients on the surgical service was low. In the total number of surgical admissions, 3775, there were only 40 deaths. Of these, six were due to an inter- current pneumonia in no way caused by the relatively slight wounds of the extremities; and two to pneumonia secondary to wounds of the lung. There were four deaths from menin- gitis, secondary to wounds involving the meninges ; one, secondary to a chest wound, and one of primary infectious cerebro-spinal type. Gas bacillus infection killed four, cranial and vertebral injuries caused six deaths, and six died from sepsis secondary to their wounds. Peritonitis was the cause of three deaths, one of which was due to acute appendicitis occurring in a patient very ill with pneumonia, the other two being secondary to wounds. (hie died of acute tuberculosis; one of edema of the larynx, secondary to a throat infection; one from abscess of the lung; one from shock and four from anemia plus infection from multiple serious wounds. SURGICAL SUMMARY Total Duplications Number diagnoses of patients Abdomen ................................. 230 22 208 Chest ..................................... 45 6 39 Soft Parts................................. 2940 91 2849 Orthopedic ................................ 123 14 109 Miscellaneous ............................. 175 28 147 Fractures—Total 540 Clavicle ................................... 14 1 13 Femur ................................... 44 3 41 Fibula .................................... 57 18 39 Humerus ................................. 67 13 54 Jaws ...................................... 21 3 18 Radius .................................... 35 7 28 Scapula ................................... 15 5 10 Skull ...................................... 21 4 17 Spine ..................................... 15 2 13 Tibia ..................................... 68 8 60 Ulna ...................................... 36 10 26 Miscellaneous ............................. 147 20 127 Joint Injuries—Total 249 Ankle ........................*............. 104 5 99 Elbow .................................... 11 2 9 Knee ...................................... 102 5 97 Shoulder.................................. 32 0 32 58 The table gives a total of broken bones only. Cases of fracture of both bones of leg or forearm are listed as two fractures. "Miscellaneous" includes carpus, tarsus, hand, foot, pel- vis, ribs, etc. Articular and intra-articular fractures are listed under Joint Injuries. Included in the above and appearing in the neuro-surgical report were 130 peripheral nerve injuries. The total, 4035, represents the number of cases having a surgical condi- tion. Those in excess of 3775 were primarily diagnosed under the specialties, but appear in this list as secondarily surgical as they also had various wounds of the soft parts, bones, etc. Hotel Splendih Personnel Surgical Dispensary MINOR SURGICAL For the first few days after Base Hospital No. 20 received patients, the surgical cases were all dressed in the wards. But as more trains began to come in, and the number of patients to increase, it became necessary to have a surgical dispensary for the care of am- bulatory cases As a central location two rooms on the first floor of the Nouvel Hotel were chosen, one to serve as a waiting room, the other as a dressing room. In the first were placed seats for the men to await their turn; in the other, dressing tables, instruments, instrument sterilizer, containers for dressing and bandages, benches for the patients and a table for the necessary writing. The room was large enough to accommodate eight to ten patients at a time. This branch of the surgical service was organized by Captain XXilliam Bates and was then placed, in charge of Lieutenant E. D. Clemens. The records were kept at first by members of the staff, but later as work increased by a convalescent patient, so as to allow the staff to give their entire attention to the care of the patients. The dispensary opened for work June 18th. In the remaining thirteen days of that month, 426 dressings were done, of all sorts, from simple wounds of the scalp to compound fractures of arms and legs. An occasional abscess was opened and frequently small shell fragments were removed, when only local anesthesia was required. The progressive improvement of many of these patients, to those accustomed to the dis- pensary work of civil life, was remarkable. Healing was very rapid in most cases. In July 2417 dressings were applied. During the next month the work was nearly dou- bled, 4134 dressings being applied. August 15th, Private, first-class, David Davis, Jr., joined the force, and the nurses were then taken for the increased work in the hospital wards. By September there had been some additions to the staff of the Hospital, and the dis- pensary work was given to Lieutenant John B. Dinsmore, who took charge September 12th. In this month 3399 dressings were done. October was the banner month of the dispensary, 5954 dressings being applied. By November the number of patients in the Hospital had become less, and only 2799 dressings were done. Another change in the staff was made during this month, Lieutenant XX\ E. Carroll taking charge November 28th. Private, first class, Huntley E. Cox was added to the force November 24th to care for the records and assist in the care of the rooms. 59 During December there were only 1870 dressings, and as the miniber of patients rapidly diminished, the dispensary was closed January 15th. and all further dressings were done in the surgical wards. MECHANO-THERAPY between October 31st and November 3, 1918. Miss Catherine Gilbert. Miss Jessie W. Hall. Miss Ann Hansen, and Miss Marion H. Bentley. Reconstruction Aides, reported at Base Hospital Xo. 20 from Base Hospital No. 9, Chateauroux, and were assigned to duty m the Surgical Department. A room was fitted up for their work on the Dispensary floor ot the Hotel Nouvel. In it were placed four couch tables, four small tables, desk, chairs and other necessary apparatus, including an electric vibrator and battery. Reconstruction Aides Mechano-Therapy Clinic Three days after their arrival they treated twenty ambulatory patients in this room in the morning. The work gradually increased until some mornings in the neighborhood of fifty patients were treated. In the afternoons, the Aides visited the various wards in the different hospitals, giving treatments to the patients who were unable to go to the dispensary. In this manner 3127 treatments were given in ten weeks. These treatments included stiff joints, paralysis, trench and flat foot and various orthopedic conditions. MEDICAL The first patient admitted to Base Hospital No. 20 was a medical patient, a Lieutenant in the Medical Corps, who entered the Hotel du Parc the 29th of May, 1918, suffering with influenza. After that a constant stream of medical cases flowed through the wards of Base Hospital No. 20 until the Hospital was officially closed at 8 A. M., January 20, 1919, with the discharge of the last six patients, some of whom were medical cases. At times the service was extremely light and then again there were periods of marked activity, but on the whole the work was both active and interesting the greater part of the time. There were some periods when the stress of work was so great that little opportunity was afforded for thor- ough study of the cases. Fortunately, these periods were brief, and, as a rule, plenty of time and opportunity were given the members of the medical staff to go over their cases care- fully. The medical staff originally was composed of Major Piersol, Chief of the Medical Service; Captain Musser and Lieutenants Strode, Hopkinson and Mclntire. This staff was added to at times and reduced in number at others. Only one of these officers Lieuten- ant Hopkinson, served on the medical staff during the entire life of the organization He did nothing but medical work during the entire stay at Chatel Guyon, and was steadily on duty all the time except for two days. In length of service, Lieutenant Mclntire comes next. He was on detached duty only a short time after work commenced, and was trans- ferred to the surgical service for a brief period during the busy spell in the latter part 60 Lt.-Col George M. Piersol, M. C. Major John H. Musser, Jr., M. C. Capt. R. D. Hopkinson, M. C. Capt. Geo. K. Strode, M. C. Capt. IS. M. M< Intire, M. C. of July and early August, when there were in the entire hospital only eleven medical officers for duty, two of whom took entire charge of the medical cases. Major Piersol acted as head of the service until Captain Musser was returned to the organization in the early part of September, after an absence of nearly eight weeks. From July 28th until September 8th, Major Piersol was also in command of the Hospi- tal and during this time carried on the multiplicity of details of administration such a posi- tion demands, as well as attended to his medical duties. XYhatever success the medical ser- vice may have had in its work during the months the Hospital functionated, a large part of this must be credited to Major Piersol, who inaugurated the system that was continu- ously followed, who gave example to the younger officers of conscientious, careful work and whose splendid medical judgment was always at the service of his associates. 61 Captain Musser, upon returning from the front, relieved Major Piersol as Chief of Medical Service, and very capably filled the position until the close of the Hospital. Lieutenant Strode was engaged only in medical work, but was sent out in charge of Medical Emergency Team No. 1 Id the middle of September, returning to the Hospital the latter part of November. In addition to these live officers who came over with the original unit, various casual officers were assigned to the service. Lieutenant Fine- berg worked for nearly three months on the medical side until detached, as did Lieuten- ant Leonard. During particularly active times other officers were temporarily attached, in- cluding Lieutenant Hall, Lieutenant Carroll and Captain Atkinson. Medical officer pa- tients in the Hospital helped the service at various times, notable among these volunteer officers for his careful, conscientious work was Lieutenant XYackenfeld, who ran one of the wards for some weeks. Major Bjerring was also attached to the Hospital as a tuberculosis consultant. The medical department was originally assigned to Wards C and D (4th and 5th floors) of the du Parc, but with the rapid extension of the work other buildings had to be opened for the care of the medically sick patients. Sections 10 and 11, the two Thermalias, were opened in June, for the acutely ill patients. These buildings held respectively 55 and 102 beds. In rapid succession other buildings were opened, section No. 1, the Front Hermitage, with a capacity of 100, was used as a building for convalescent patients, as were sections No. 19 and No. 20, the Bruyeres, with similar capacity. Section No. 6, the Nouvel, Ward A, was opened as a tuberculosis ward, when Major Bjerring was sent to Base Hospital No. 20. This large, bright room, capable of holding 76 patients, had been used as a sun parlor be- fore the war and made an ideal ward for its purpose. Section No. 7, the Splendid, Ward A, was also used as a ward for the care of the acutely ill. It had 45 beds. Section No. 12, the Chrysanthemes, with 84 beds, was used for convalescent patients who were not sufficiently far advanced upon the road to recovery to be assigned to the purely convalescent wards. The wing of this building made an ideal isolation ward, as only on the main floor was there any connection with the main building. The four floors and the cut-up arrange- ment of the rooms made it possible to handle safely four or five types of contagious diseases without fear of cross infection. For the pneumonia ward, during the very slight, and at no time troublesome epidemic, unlike the severe epidemic that was rife elsewhere in the A. E. F., four rooms were found ample in Section No. 6, Ward B. These rooms were isolated and it was possible to use one room as an observation room and the other three rooms for the cases according to their type. It was possible to expand to adjoining rooms, but at no time were there more than three types of pneumonia present. Section No. 2, the rear Hermitage, with a bed capacity of 76, became a medical ward when it was vacated as the patient officers' ward in September. Section No. 16, the Regence, was used in part as a medical ward. At one period when several train loads of gassed patients arrived in rapid succession, they over- flowed from the purely medical wards into practically every other building and ward in the Hospital. During the period the Hospital was running there were treated 3816 medical cases. Of these cases eighteen patients died, being only 0.046% of deaths in the entire service; 3239 cases were returned to duty, while 559 were transferred to other hospitals or considered unfit for further active front line service. Of the deaths, two were the result of gassing and broncho-pneumonia, one of gassing and lobar pneumonia, one of tuberculosis associated with lobar pneumonia, two of influenza, two of tuberculosis, three of lobar pneumonia, two of pneumococcic meningitis, three of meningococcic meningitis, one of typhoid fever and one of acute ulcerative colitis. As would be expected in a war hospital, the very great majority of cases were the result of war casualties ; that is, the so-called gas cases whose injuries were internal and the re- sult of the inhalation of poisonous gases. There were in all 1415 of these cases. The re- mainder of the cases were the acute disorders encountered in any general hospital devoted to 62 the care of the young adult in whom degenerative processes had not yet appeared. The greatest number of these suffered with pulmonary affections; 598 cases of influenza, 400 of bronchitis, and as Base Hospital No. 20 was a tuberculosis observation center, 189 cases of tuberculosis were observed. The enteric cases came next in number, 353. Acute rheumatic fever was the cause of 172 patients being in the Hospital. A tabulated list of the various other diseases occurring in the Hospital will be found at the end of this article. The contag- ious diseases treated, consisted of meningitis, three cases; diphtheria, twenty; mumps, six- teen ; measles, two; and ten of scarlet fever. Hotel Bruyeres Personnel, Medical Ward, Splendid Personnel, Bruyeres Personnel, Pneumonia Ward First Patient at Rear Thermalia First Patient at Front Thermalia 63 Rear Thermalia Front Thermalia Tuberculosis Observation Ward Personnel, Tuberculosis Wai Medical Ward, Hotel Splendid Dining Room, Xmas, Rear Thermalia ""•fiii Front Hermitage Rear Hermitage > At the recpiest of Lieutenant Colonel Webb, Base Hospital No. 20 was designated one ot' the three base hospitals to which suspected cases of tuberculosis might be referred for obser- vation. This was found necessary on account of the large number of soldiers returned to the United States as tuberculous, wdio did not have the disease. The necessity of such observa- tion centers may be appreciated when it is said that the majority of these suspected cases were found not to have tuberculosis. These patients were kept in a separate ward, careful physical examinations were repeatedly made, stereoscopic Roentgenograms of each patient were taken by Captain Zulick, mouth temperatures were observed twice each afternoon and daily sputum examinations were made, as well as pulmonary, urine and blood examinations. By these studies, made carefully and thoroughly, many a soldier was returned to duty who might otherwise have been returned to the United States labeled tuberculous, with all the stigmata that are attached to the term. The rather large number of "disordered action of the heart" cases seen by the medical officers made it advisable to treat these soldiers by gradually increased exercise. Setting up exercises were prescribed by a supervising medical officer and were conducted by Corporal Edward Schwarz, who had been a gymnasium director in civil life. The patients thought capable of hiking were sent out each afternoon. This exercise class was subsequently en- larged by the addition of all convalescent patients able to participate in it. In this way the convalescent soldiers were more rapidly made ready for duty, and likewise were profit- ably employed a part of the day. During the fall influenza epidemic, Base Hospital No. 20 suffered but very slightly, due to the hearty co-operation of the nurses, ward masters, and patients, who were instructed in methods of prophylaxis by circulars, notices and talks. Classification of Medical Cases Diagnosis Transfer Duty Gas, Inhalation of Deleterious .............. 37 1375 Influenza ................................. 67 529 Bronchitis ................................. 38 362 Tuberculosis .............................. 169 17 Pneumonia, Lobar ......................... 25 47 Pneumonia, Broncho....................... 7 33 Pleurisy .................................. 19 37 Asthma ................................... 5 3 Tonsilitis ................................. 2 17 Entero-Colitis, Acute ....................... 17 336 I )ysentery, Specific ........................ 5 28 Constipation .............................. 0 12 Gastritis, Acute ............................ 2 21 Gastric Dilation ........................... 0 1 Gastric Ulcer .............................. 2 2 Duodenal Ulcer ........................... 1 1 Intestinal Toxemia ......................... 0 5 Intestinal Parasites ........................ 0 1 Colitis, Acute Ulcerative ................... 0 0 Rheumatic Fever, Acute.................... 49 123 Rheumatism, Muscular ..................... 4 34 Myocarditis ............................... 0 2 Valvular Heart Disease .................... 30 14 D. A. H................................... 15 39 X. Y. D................................... 4 6 F. U. O. .................................. 0 17 Exhaustion ................................ 1 57 Anemia, Pernicious ........................ 0 Anemia, Secondary ........................ 1 0 Meningitis, Meningococcic ................. 0 0 Meningitis, Pneumococcic .................. 0 0 ied Total 3 1415 2 598 0 400 3 189 3 75 0 40 0 56 0 8 0 19 0 353 0 33 0 12 0 23 0 1 0 4 0 2 0 5 0 1 1 1 0 172 0 38 0 2 0 44 0 54 0 10 0 17 0 58 0 1 0 1 3 3 2 5 66 Died Total 0 20 0 3 0 4 0 16 0 2 0 10 1 j 0 2 0 5 0 23 0 2 0 19 0 15 0 1 0 3 0 32 0 5 0 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Classification of Medical Cases—Continued Diagnosis Transfer Duty Diphtheria ................................ 2 18 Diphtheria, Carrier ........................ 2 1 Malaria.................................... 0 4 Mumps ................................... 1 15 Measles ................................... 0 2 Scarlet Fever .............................. 1 9 Typhoid Fever ............................ 0 4 Paratyphoid Fever......................... 1 1 Trench Fever .............................. 0 5 Nephritis .................................. 18 5 Cholecystitis .............................. 0 2 Jaundice, Acute Catarrhal .................. 11 8 Hyperthyroidism .......................... 9 6 Chlorosis .................................. 0 1 Arterio-Sclerosis ........................... 1 2 Psycho-Neurosis ........................... 6 26 Neuritis ................................... 0 5 Diabetes Mellitus.......................... 2 0 Hodgkins Disease ......................... 1 0 Poison, Ptomaine .......................... 0 3 Poison, Lead, Chronic ...................... 0 1 Cerebral Apoplexy......................... 1 0 Brain Tumor.............................. 1 0 Sunstroke................................. 0 1 Herpes Zoster............................. 1 0 Urticaria .................................. 0 1 GRAND TOTAL..................... 559 3239 18 3816 In the above classification of medical diseases there are 68 duplications ; that is, patients with two major diagnoses. These duplications were found necessary, as patients would de- velop in the hospital conditions not related to their original admission diagnosis. Two patients went A. XXr. O. L. and never returned to the hospital. They are listed as having returned to duty. EPIDEMIC AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASES Throughout this organization's existence as a hospital, fortunately, no serious or ex- tensive epidemic developed. Two small epidemics occurred, one of diphtheria and one of scarlet fever. On July 20th two isolated cases of diphtheria were reported. On the 15th of August another case developed, followed by three more on August 19th. One of these three patients was Lieutenant Mclntire, who was the ward surgeon in charge of XX'ard 7, from which the other two cases of diphtheria came. Up to September 4th eight more cases oc- curred among a group of patients that were crowded together in XX'ard A, Section 7. The epidemic was undoubtedly purely a local affair and never spread to any other part of the Hospital. After November 1, 1918, there were eight more cases of diphtheria. One case was brought in on a hospital train, and the remaining seven developed as scattered cases among the hospital patients. Two of the patients were German prisoners of war. None of these patients died. Three were sent out as convalescents under proper contagious precautions on a hospital train January 14, 1919, as a preliminary to closing the Hospital, after only one negative culture and complete disappearance of clinical throat symptoms. The first case of scarlet fever developed on the 6th of July. Another isolated case oc- curred on July 20th, a third on August 9th. They all came from different parts of the Hos- pital. On August 15th three cases of scarlet fever were discovered in Section 7, XX'ard A. 67 On August 17th a nurse who had been isolated in that ward developed scarlet fever. Between August l()th and 23d five more cases of scarlet fever were taken out of the same ward. l-rom that time on no further cases developed. These patients with scarlet fever were in the same group among which diphtheria de- veloped, and they had all been brought into the ward at the same time. The scarlet fever was also a matter of ward infection, and the disease was undoubtedly introduced by some patient admitted from another hospital. One case of measles and seventeen contacts were admitted from French Train No. 31, P. L. M., on November 1, 1918. The patients with measles recovered. The seventeen con- tacts were isolated for three weeks. Xo other cases of measles developed. Five isolated cases of mumps developed. Two of these were enlisted men of the organiza- tion. Xo spread of the disease occurred, and it never became epidemic. From May to November four cases of meningitis were observed. The first case, ad- mitted from another hospital, was proved to have the epidemic form of cerebro-spinal men- ingitis ; the next three cases were proved not to be epidemic in their origin, whereas the last one, recognized on October 20th, did show meningococci in the spinal fluid. All cases of meningitis were promptly isolated, all contacts were cultured so as to detect the presence of carriers. In no instance did the infection spread in any way. Three cases of suspected typhoid were observed. In one of them the existence of the disease was proved by autopsy. The other two had definite clinical signs, but bacterio- logical findings were not conclusive. Two cases of paratyphoid were also diagnosed. All of these cases developed in outside organizations before admission to the Hospital. During the latter part of September influenza and pneumonia became prevalent in vari- ous isolated areas in France. A large number of convalescent influenza cases were brought to Base Hospital No. 20 on the various hospital trains, but by careful segregation of these patients no serious outbreak of the disease occurred. On the 22d of ()ctober a thorough census of the entire Hospital showed the presence of only thirty-five active positive cases of influenza. As a result of influenza, exposure, overcrowding and fatigue, pneumonia became common throughout Eranee early in ()ctober. Fortunately there were only about ten cases of pneumonia at Base Hospital Xo. 20 up until the latter part of October. On October 14th G. O. Xo. 23 was gotten out with the view of properly isolating cases of pneumonia and preventing its spread. A copy of this order, which shows the precautions taken, is attached, as is also a small circular issued for purposes of education against pneumonia, and the rules governing ventilation of the wards. Notwithstanding the prevalence in France of epidemics of various forms of respiratory disease and notwithstanding many patients having been admitted with respiratory infection, nothing resembling an epidemic developed in the Hospital. This freedom from an epidemic is ascribed to two factors: (1) Efficient, practical precautions taken, as prophylactic meas- ures (see memoranda attached), and (2) the semi-isolation of all patients due to the small size of rooms available for hospital beds. Following a visit of the Chief Medical Consultant, A. E. F., early in June, Base Hospital Xo. 20 was designated one of the three centers for the study and observation of doubtful cases of tuberculosis. During the summer very few cases of this nature were admitted to the Hospital. From September on, however, a number of cases of suspected tuberculosis were sent to Base Hospital Xo. 20. These cases were chiefly from Vichy and the hospitals in the neighborhood of Chaumont, Bazoilles, Vittel, etc. During the month of October there was an average of seventy-five cases of tuberculosis being observed. During the latter part of August, following the rapid Allied advance above Chateau Thierry, an enormous number of severe cases of diarrhea developed throughout the Ameri- can Armv. Nothing but the wholesale immunization against typhoid and paratyphoid that had been practiced prevented a disastrous epidemic, for it was shown that many varieties 68 of organism, including those of the typhoid and dysentery groups, were responsible for many of these diarrheas. The trains arriving at Base Hospital No. 20 during the latter part of August and September brought large numbers of these cases of diarrhea. They were segregated as far as possible and carefully studied. In a few the organisms of bacillary dys- entery (Types of Shiga, Flexner and the Y bacillus) were isolated. Fortunately no spread of the disease occurred among the personnel or patients of the Hospital. Only one case of venereal disease developed among the entire personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 during the eleven months spent in France. A casual enlisted man with previous history of syphilis developed a mild chancroid while absent without leave. General Order No. 23 U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20, American E. F., October 14. 1918. Precautions to be Observed with Pneumonia and Influenza 1. Pneumonia, generally due to Streptococcus hemolyticus, and a virulent type of influenza have appeared in different parts of France. In order to prevent these diseases becoming epidemic in this organization and to check their spread whenever they do appear, pneumonia and influenza will be regarded as contagious diseases by the personnel of this Hospital. The following rules will govern their management: (a) Throughout the Hospital and wherever personnel are quartered beds will be arranged so that the heads of the occupants will not be in apposition. XX'herever possible beds will be placed head to foot. (b) All cases of acute respiratory disease (from coryza to pneumonia) will be segregated and confined to bed until all symptoms have completely abated. (c) As far as possible, patients with acute respiratory diseases will be separated from each other, either by separate rooms or by placing screens, sheets, or shelter halves between beds. (d) Every case of pneumonia and influenza will be isolated and the same precautions will be enforced as with other contagious diseases, in regard to linen, bedding, utensils, etc. (e) Medical officers, nurses, orderlies, and alt others while in attendance upon cases of pneu- monia and influenza will wear caps and gowns and also gauze masks over the nose and mouth. Particular attention will be paid to the latter precaution. Before going from one ward or group of patients to another, caps and gowns will be changed. (/.) Medical officers, nurses and others in attendance will wash their hands after handling patients in any ward and between the examination of each patient, when dealing with different types of respiratory infections. (g) All attendants on pneumonia and influenza and other respiratory infections will spray their noses and throats three times a day, preferably with a spray of camphor and menthol in liquid petrolatum. (h) Visitors will not be allowed to visit cases of acute respiratory infections, except in emergencies or when absolutely necessary. (/) Pneumonia, influenza and other respiratory diseases are spread by careless expectoration and coughing. XX'ard surgeons and nurses will enforce effective regulations to prevent infection by this means and will constantly strive to educate those under them as to the dangers of care- less expectoration. (/) All members of this command and patients will observe the precaution of holding a handkerchief or piece of gauze over the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing. (k) Every case of pneumonia and influenza occurring in this Hospital will be reported at once to these headquarters by memorandum from the attending medical officer, giving date, name, ward, source of admission, number of contacts and where latter may be found. 2. Disregard of the provisions of this order, particularly carelessness in the isolation of in- fluenza and pneumonia, failure to wear masks and gowns, and the cleansing of the hands, will call for disciplinary action. By order of Major Piersol. (Signed) Samuel G. Stem, First Lieut. San. C, Adjutant. 69 U. S. A. Base Hospital Xo. 20. American E. E. October 25. 1918. MEMORANDUM TO: All Ward Surgeons and Head Xurscs. With the object of lessening the occurrence of infections of the respiratory tract among patients in this Hospital, the following rules will be observed: 1. In every ward or room occupied by patients the windows will be kept open at least ten minutes out of every hour during the day, and an adequate number of windows will be kept open during the night to insure good ventilation and fresh air. 2. All convalescent patients who are able to be out will be properly clothed and sent out of doors for at least one hour every morning and afternoon, unless it is actually raining or snowing. 3. In wards occupied only by convalescent patients the windows will be kept open while patients are away from their wards. 4. Before sweeping floors of wards, rooms, halls, stairways, etc., sufficient water will be sprinkled about to allay all dust. I>y order of Major Piersol. (Signed) Samuel G. Stem, First Lieutenant San. C, Adjutant. PXEUMOXIA A Medical Creed for Everv Officer, Nurse and Enlisted Man of Dase Hospital No. 20 studv it!!! learn it!!! live bv it!!! and hide not the light of your wisdom under a bushel Teach what you know by personal example and by word of mouth. Don't be afraid of boring your friends and associates. Be a fanatic on the subject of colds, grippe, pneu- monia and meningitis, from now on until May. By becoming a nuisance in the command you may easily be voted the best friend of every one in it. 1. Pneumonia is now causing more deaths than all other diseases in the A. E. F. put together. Together will influenza, colds and meningitis, it causes more days' loss than all other diseases and injuries combined. Diseases always cause more loss of life and of days of service than do battle casualties in every army. 2. Pneumonia is preventable because it is spread from sick to well, just the way you catch colds, by breathing in others' mouth and nose spray. 3. Pneumonia is preventable because among people who are well cared for the natural resistance against the infection is high. Therefore get lots of rest and fresh air; eat plenty of good food regularly. 4. There are always cases of respiratory infections in every organization, however care- fully selected. 5. The maintenance of the natural and remarkable bodily resistance to pneumonia and meningitis at its highest point, and the instant segregation of every case of cough and cold can at least be undertaken with confidence. 6. Tired, driven, anxious men and women; cold, wet, hungry men and women, get and give pneumonia easily. Let not mere circumstance determine the sick rate among us. Only a morbid craving for notoriety is satisfied by reporting the highest mortality from pneumonia in the A. E. F. Let our report show results from prevention rather than a confession of helplessness in the face of a serious and immediate danger. Modified Extract from XX'eekly Bulletin No. 26, C S. O. 70 NEUROLOGICAL The Neuro-Psychiatric Department of Base Hospital Xo. 20 was under the charge of Lieutenant Frederick H. Leavitt. This department was in the nature of a consulting service. No particular ward or section was given over to these types of cases, the patients being scattered among the medical, surgical or urological wards, depending upon the nature of their principal disability. Here they were visited and treated by the neurologists of the Hospital. Captain Fredrick H. Leavitt, M. C. The first convoy of patients arriving June 8, 1918, brought some twenty cases of war neuroses, and numerous peripheral nerve injuries, four cases of gun-shot wound of the spinal cord, three penetrating wounds of the skull, and several mental cases. As time went on and the special hospitals of the A. E. F. for the care of war neuroses and of mental dis- eases became functioning units, the relative proportion of mental and functional nervous dis- orders coming to Base No. 20 decreased, while the number of organic diseases and gun-shot wrounds of the central and peripheral nervous system increased. Many of the cases were of unusual interest, and several were presented at the weekly meeting of the Base Hospital No. 20 Clinical Society. A case of haematomyelia with classical symptoms was of unusual interest, the lesion being caused by concussion. From July 30, 1918, until November 26, 1918, the Hospital was without the services of a resident neurologist, that officer having been ordered on special duty first to the French Ambulance 8/5, then to Base Hospital No. 117, and later to Neurological Field Hospitals No. 1 and No. 3 of the First Field Army. During this interval the neurological needs of the Hospital were attended to by Lieutenant Colonel Daniel J. McCarthy, the neuro- logical consultant of the Vichy group of hospitals, who visited Base No. 20 every Tuesday. On November 26th Lieutenant Leavitt returned and remained until the closing of the Hos- pital in January, 1919. After the last patient had been evacuated from the Hospital a tabulation of the various types of the mental and nervous cases admitted to the Hospital was attempted from a sur- 71 vey of the Hospital record files. In several respects this proved not wholly satisfactory. l>y an Army General Order issued in July the mental cases were ordered diagnosed "Mental, observation for" and to be sent promptly to Base Hospital No. 8, and thus the individuality of many of these was lost. Likewise, the "Psycho-Neuroses" were ordered to be sent to Base Hospital No. 117 undiagnosed as to type, under a similar G. O. In many cases in which the neurological condition was secondary or of minor importance, it was not recorded upon the diagnoses record file. Because of this many cases were unaccounted for. The following types of cases were listed upon the files: MENTAL ................... 24 MISCELLANEOUS ...........66 ()bservation for ................... 13 Hemiplegia from G. S. VY. skull..... 3 Mental deficiency ................. 7 Hemiplegia (thrombotic) .......... 3 Constitutional Inferior............. 1 Cerebral hemorrhage .............. 1 . Dementia Praecox ................. 2 Cerebrospinal Lues ............... 2 Paranoia .......................... 1 Graves Disease ................... 5 Neuralgia, Intercostal.............. 1 Neuralgia. Facial.................. 2 G. S. XX'. transverse lesion spinal cord 6 Miscellaneous ..................... 6 PSYCHO-NEUROSES .......153 Concussion neuroses and syndrome. . 47 Neuritis Auditory ................. 1 Exhaustion neuroses and syndrome. . 16 Gastric Neurosis.................. 1 Neurasthenia ..................... 19 Epidemic Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. 3 Hysteria .......................... 10 Epilepsy.......................... 4 Psychasthenia .................... 3 Abscess, Brain.................... 3 Effort Syndrome .................. 1 Sciatica ........................... 5 XX'ar Neuroses .................... 14 Tic Convulsive.................... 1 Psycho-Neuroses (Miscellaneous)... 42 Chorea of Sydenham .............. 1 Alcoholic Neurosis ................ 1 Undiagnosed ...................... 18 The gun-shot lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system considerably exceeded the non-traumatic. The total number of surgical admissions to the Hospital was 3775, of which 2498 were "in action" battle casualties. Among this latter class were 33 cranio- cerebral injuries, 26 of the spinal cord, and 130 peripheral nerve injuries. Of this latter class the greater percentage were in cases in which extensive "debridement" had been prac- ticed. The nerves most frequently sectioned were the musculo spiral (18), radial (17), peroneal (16), median (14), ulnar (13), and sciatic (9), out of a total of 130 cases with thirty different nerves involved. The Neurological Department is greatly indebted to Lieutenant Colonel D. J. McCarthy for his help and suggestions, also to Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Carnett for the very complete neurological equipment, and to all the officers of Base Hospital No. 20 for their kindly co- operation in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL The Eye Department was under the charge of Captain B. F. Baer, Jr. It was located in the Hotel Nouvel and consisted of a ward of forty beds, an out-patient dispensary, a dark room and an operating room, which was used conjointly with the Nose and Throat De- partment. The equipment, largely due to the generosity of Colonel G. E. de Schweinitz, was complete, from giant magnet to ophthalmic tabloids. From the first hospital train which arrived on June 8, 1918, twenty-five patients were sent to the eve service. These included traumatic and inflammatory cases and that special tvpe of inflammatory affection known as "gassed eyes." As additional trains arrived only those cases of "gassed eyes" of unusual severity or presenting corneal complications were sent to the eye ward, and the less serious ones were treated in the general wards until they became ambulatory patients, when they were treated in the out-patient dispensary. 72 Major B. F. Baer, Jr., M. C. The out-patient dispensary service had an average daily attendance of thirty-five patients, consisting of ambulant cases from other wards and inflammatory and accident cases from nearby camps. Treatment Room Sterilizing Room EYE DEPARTMENT Refraction work amounted to an average of five cases per day and was limited to those men whose work necessitated much use of their eyes at the near point—low errors of re- fraction among the general enlisted men being excluded. All officers and nurses com- plaining of symptoms of eye strain were examined for refractive error and proper glasses ordered. By requisition on the optical center in Paris glasses were furnished free to officers, nurses and enlisted men of the A. E. F. The eye ward was reserved for traumatic cases, severely inflamed eyes, and gassed eves showing corneal complications. 73 1 he traumatic cases, including the battle casualties and the accidental cases from sur- rounding training areas, ran the gamut from slight corneal abrasions to completely ex- enterated orbits. The ocular injuries inflicted in battle action were, generally speaking, destructive, and often with the destruction of the eye there existed a great loss of the lid tissue ami surrounding skin area. The inflammatory cases were such as are encountered in ordinary civil practice, and often required the same general searching examination for possible etiological factors. The promptness with which they ordinarily yielded to treatment and the insignificant perma- nent alterations generally left as an aftermath spoke highly for the splendid physical con- dition of the American soldiers. Enemy gas, notably the so-called mustard gas, in addition to its effects upon the respira- tory apparatus and superficial burns on the moist areas (notably scrotum, axillae, the sweat- bathed head and neck), produced in the eves a general conjunctival hyperemia and edema, most marked on either side of the cornea in the exposed inter-palpebral space. In the course of a few weeks or a month the eyes apparently returned to normal, except for a persistent exaggerated photophobia. Very rarely superficial exfoliation of the corneal epithelium with deeper ulceration was noted. The treatment for these gassed eyes con- sisted in the use of frequent sodium bicarbonate irrigations. In the presence of corneal ulceration, treatment appropriate for keratitis was used. Operative work in the Base Hospital divided itself into two groups—accident cases from adjacent camps and battle casualties. The former group consisted of the same types of cases as occur in the ocular accidents of any industrial center. The battle casualties, by the time they reached the Base, required either enucleation or only palliative treatment. Had it been permissible to keep these patients for any definite periods at the Base, much plastic work about the face and orbits could have been undertaken. Some plastic operations were done on patients whose physical condition, due to other battle wounds, did not allow of their immediate transportation to the United States. An interesting feature noted in this work was the beneficial effect of direct sunlight on skin grafted surfaces. XXHierever Thiersch grafts were employed, the grafted area was protected by means of gauze-covered cages, no dressings being placed in immediate contact with the grafts. Twice daily for intervals of five minutes the grafts were exposed to the direct rays of the sun and seemed to thrive on this treatment. There was not the usual amount of infection ordinarily seen in grafting, and the grafts took more quickly. Captain Baer was sent to the front on August 28th for temporary duty with a Mobile Hospital, and was later detached to act as Consultant Ophthalmologist to the Hospital Center at Mars-sur-Allier. The eye service was then successively in charge of Captain Alan C. XX'oods, Captain C. XX'. McKee and Lieutenant George M. Hall. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT The Ear, Nose and Throat Department, under charge of Captain Richard J. Payne, in- cluded the entire third floor of the Nouvel Hotel and was designated as Section 6, XX'ard C. The capacity was forty-eight beds, no room having over four beds, excepting in a few emergencies, when it was necessary to place cots in the wards to care for extra patients when trains were arriving rapidly. There were bathtubs, toilets and wash basins, with plenty of hot and cold water. The dispensary occupied a room 18 by 20, with an adjacent small room used as a dark room for transillumination. The equipment was excellent—white-enameled glass-top tables, chairs, stools, instrument cases. Barany turning chair, and medicine chest. On the arrival of a train the dispensary served as a receiving ward; the patient gave all necessary data to the ward master and passed on to the ward surgeon for examination and treatment; then received a bath and fresh pajamas from the orderly, and finally was served with light food by the nurses. 74 Major Richard J. Payne, M. C. The dispensary started each morning at eight o'clock and continued until twelve-thirty. The afternoon was reserved for operative work, for visiting bed patients in other wards and for appointments with patients requiring considerable time for examination. The morning dispensary patients comprised those from the department, ambulatory ones from other wards, and soldiers from camps in the environs of the Hospital. Operating Room Treatment Room NOSE AND THROAT DEPARTMENT The operating room was used conjointly and exclusively by the Eye, and the Ear, Nose and Throat Departments. It occupied a room 18 by 15 feet, with walls painted in white and the floors thoroughly waxed. Two small adjoining rooms served as sterilizing and wash rooms. The equipment con- sisted of a complete operating set, instrument case, enameled operating table, instrument tables, stools and extension lights. 75 1 he following is an approximate classification of cases treated and operated upon in this department: Mastoid (simple).................... 15 Mastoid (radical) .................... 2 Mastoid (post operative from other hos- pitals) ........................... 35 Antrum operations.................. 25 Ethmoidal sinus (operated)........... 16 Submucous resection ................ 45 Peritonsillar abscess................. 20 Tracheotomy ........................ 3 Polypi, nasal (operated) ............. 20 Plastic, ear ......................... 3 Plastic, mouth ...................... 1 Plastic, nose ........................ 4 Removal turbinates.................. 10 Vincent's angina, tonsillar ........... 50 Tonsillectomy....................... 74 Polypi, middle ear (operated)........ 8 Otitis media, suppurative ............ 150 Adenoids (operated).................. 25 Tonsilitis ........................... 200 Cases of laryngitis, rhinitis or pharyngitis following gas inhalation, when entered on the records with diagnosis of "Gas Inhalation Deleterious," were not recorded separately, but were all included as part of gas poisoning. Cases of this type made up the large majority of those treated in this department. UROLOGICAL The personnel of the Urological and Dermatological Departments of Base Hospital No. 20 consisted of Captain Alexander Randall, Lieutenant Joseph C. Birdsall, Sergeant Charles Deibert and Privates, first class, Dale Logan and Samuel B. Harvey. * ^Kd' ". ;%v ^Mtafe ^K^H ■K^**iili'ftte?il^i 'J*W /0 ^"' Major Alexander Randall. M. C. Captain Joseph C. Birdsall, M. C. 76 The department began its career a few weeks after the mobilization of Base Hospital No. 20 at the First Cavalry Armory, in Philadelphia, November 30, 1917. During the four months that the unit occupied quarters at the Armory awaiting orders the enlisted men of the department received their instruction and gained much practical ex- perience at the Urological Department of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. A first-aid station was established January 1, 1918, at the Armory, and from the very first great stress was placed upon strict sanitation of the station and thoroughness in the administration of the prophylaxis. Emphasis was placed on venereal prophylaxis being as much a major operation as catheterization and was entitled to professional consideration. The prophylaxis station was always established in a respectable, clean and well-appointed location. Apparatus, in addition to the technical equipment, was provided to furnish the means of conducting prophylactic treatments with dignity and with as much formality as an operation in any other branch of the service. Upon arrival in Chatel Guyon, the Urological Department was established in the Nouvel Hotel, known as Section No. 6. The first-aid station was readily accessible on the first floor, while in the adjoining room the daily clinics were held for the urological and dermatological patients. On July 6, 1918, Captain Alexander Randall was detached for duty as a divis- ional consultant, and Lieutenant Joseph C. Birdsall took charge of the service. The wards of this department, known as D and E, were on the fourth and fifth floors of the Nouvel, with a capacity of seventy beds. As no nurses were assigned to this depart- ment, the cares and wants of the patients were carefully administered to by the enlisted personnel of the department, who were quartered in XX'ard D. All of the patients for this department came on the same hospital trains which brought the wounded and the sick. Operations, cystoscopic and urethroscopic examinations were performed in the operating rooms of the Hotel du Parc. A typical morning's work consisted in the diagnosis and treatment of various skin dis- eases, intravenous injections of novarsenobenzol Billon and the carrying out of the routine treatment of patients suffering from Neisserian infection in its many stages. Sergeant Deibert's Station The Urological Staff UROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT 77 1 he tollowing charts show the total number of patients classified according to diagnosis UROLOGICAL SUMMARY Total cases (A) Gonorrhea 1. Urethritis. Acute ....... 35 2. Urethritis. Chronic.......^2 3. Epididymitis ............. 16 4. Prostatitis.............. 2 5. Seminal Vesiculitis ...... 1 Dupli- cations 10 3 6 0 0 Total cases (D) l>I.ADDER Calculus ........ Cvstitis ........ Dupli- cations 0 1 3 TOTALS ...... ... 86 19 (B) Syphilis 1. Primary ............. ... 37 3 2. Secondary........... 3. Tertiary ............. 44 ... 19 5 3 TOTALS 100 (C) Testicles 1. Injury, etc.............. 5 2. Orchitis ................ 2 TOTALS ......... 7 11 1 0 TOTALS ..... (E) Kidney 1. Calculus ............ 2. Tuberculosis ........ 3. Pyelonephritis .......... 1 4. Unclassified ........ TOTALS ........ (F) Miscellaneous, 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 68 12 GRAND TOTALS. 268 44 1 The number of prophylactic treatments given from January 1, 1918, to January 24, 1919, totaled 855. Not one case of venereal infection developed in the total number of those who reported for prophylaxis. DERMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY Total Cases Duplications Ecthyma .............. 10 0 Eczema............... 9 1 Erythema (Pediculosis) . 6 1 Impetigo Contagiosa.... 2 0 Psoriasis .............. 3 0 Scabies ............... 33 8 Urticaria .............. 3 1 Miscellaneous ......... 47 1 GRAND TOTALS.. 113 12 ROENTGENOLOGICAL Base Hospital No. 20 was fortunate in having the equipment of its Department of Roent- genology shipped to France on the same boat that carried the personnel of the unit. All of the apparatus reached Chatel Guyon within two weeks after the arrival of the unit, and it was installed and in running order a few days prior to the arrival of the first hospital train. Captain Jay Donald Zulick was in charge of this department. The technician, Sergeant Andrew Diedreck, repaired some apparatus which was broken in transit and which seemed hopelessly damaged and made the complete installation. The equipment was of the modern standard type, selected with great care by the Di- rector of the Unit, with the assistance of Dr. Henry K. Pancoast, Professor of Roentgen- ology at the University of Pennsylvania. Some of the equipment which could have been 78 Major Jay D. Zulick, M. C. used to advantage in gastro-intestinal work was lacking, but, knowing beforehand that such work would be relatively small in amount, it was deemed advisable not to purchase this ap- paratus, which for most of the time would merely have occupied space that was put to other and better use. Otherwise the equipment was ample in every respect. The department wishes here to express its appreciation to Dr. Pancoast for his most valuable advice and assistance. On June 10th the first patient presented himself for examination, and from that date until January 15, 2072 radiographic and fluoroscopic examinations were made. In the radiographic examinations there were made about five thousand five hundred (5500) exposures. Following is a classification of all the examinations: 79 Bed-Side X-Ray Ai»p\r.\tis FLUOROSCOPIC EXAJUINATK )NS Foreign Bodies ..................... 162 Chest 20 Total ........................... 182 RADIOGRAPHIC AND FLUORO- SC( )PIC EXAMINATIONS Gastro-intestinal ..................... 36 Total ............................ 36 A Corner of X-Ray Laboratory RADK )GRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS Head (exclusive of sinuses and jaws)... 75 Sinuses ............................. 19 Jaw................................. 34 Teeth............................... 121 Chest............................... 574 Xertebrae.......................... 71 Ribs ................................ 10 Upper Extremities ................... 390 Lower Extremities................... 529 Gall Bladder....................... 4 Urinary Tract....................... 15 Eye (for foreign body localization) .... 12 Total ............................1854 Examinations were made of o94 soldiers who were wounded in action, and an analysis of these cases with regard to the missile causing the wound resulted as follows : Shells ............................... 455 Pistol Bullets ....................... 4 Machine-gun Bullets................. 180 Grenades ........................... 14 Rifle Bullets......................... 38 Aeroplane Bombs.................... 3 In addition to the above, there was one case of indirect gun-shot wound sustained in action ; a fracture of the leg that resulted from a blow by a stone that was hurled through the air by the explosion of a shell. Forty soldiers who had gun-shot wounds not sustained in action were examined. These wounds were made either by rifle or pistol bullet and in some cases were accidentally in- flicted by comrades, but in most instances by the man himself, with or without malicious intent not being determined at the time of the examination. There seemed to be, how- ever, a predilection for the toes as a site for these wounds. There were ninety-eight cases whose injuries were not the result of gunshot wounds and were not sustained in battle, with the exception of one case of Potts fracture that resulted from a fall in a shell hole. These injuries ranged in severity from a sprained ankle to a com- pound, comminuted, depressed fracture of the skull. The causes of these injuries included kicks from automobile cranks, falls from aeroplanes, automobile and motorcycle collisions, blows on the head with wine and beer bottles, accidents in athletic contests and other accidents that are common to males engaged in strenuous occupations. In all cases examined, including joint fractures, there were found 660 fractures, and of this number 523 resulted from gun-shot wounds and 137 from other causes. 80 Following is the anatomical tabulation of these fractures: Other than Other than Site of Fracture Gunshot Gunshot Site of Fracture Gunshot Gunshot Carpus .................. 15 2 Rib ..................... 4 2 Clavicle ................ 7 7 Pubis ................... 2 0 Femur .................. 47 5 Sacrum ................. 5 2 Fibula .................. 34 37 Scapula ................. 17 0 Humerus ............... 68 3 Sesamoid (foot) ......... 2 1 Jaw .................... 12 4 Sesamoid (hand) ........ 0 1 Malar .................. 4 0 Skull................... 13 4 Metacarpal .............. 34 9 Tarsus.................. 21 5 Metatarsal .............. 20 3 Tibia ................... 55 25 Ilium ................... 7 0 Ulna ...............___ 33 7 Patella................. 8 2 Vertebra (cervical) ...... 4 0 Phalanx (foot) .......... 25 6 Vertebra (dorsal) ........ 2 0 Phalanx (hand) ......... 29 6 Vertebra (lumbar) ....... 1 0 Radius ................. 54 6 There were four gunshot dislocations; one each of the head of the radius, metatarso- phalangeal, metacarpo-phalangeal, and inter-phalangeal of the foot. Relatively fewr cases of necrosis or true osteomyletis of a bone came under observation in spite of the prevalence of infection in nearly all of the compound fractures. There were cases in which detached bone fragments continued to slough, but this process generally confined itself to the loose pieces of bone and interfered very little writh the repair of the fracture. One case of syphilis and four of tuberculosis of bone were diagnosed radio- graphically, but on account of the necessity of early evacuation of all transportable cases it was impossible to make further observations on these cases after treatment was begun. No malignant disease of bone was encountered. Shortly after the Hospital was established it was designated as one for the observation of pulmonary tuberculosis suspects. These cases and the convalescent influenza patients made the number of chest examinations relatively large. No attempt has been made to analyze completely the results of these examinations, as no radiographic diagnoses were made unless the nature of the lesions found wras entirely apparent, such as empyema or a hemothorax following a gun-shot wound. The usual method of procedure was to report to the clinician, who availed himself of the opportunity to study the plates with the roent- genologist, the nature, location and extent of anything considered abnormal, and he, after correlating the data from all sources, was better able to arrive at a satisfactory diagnosis. It was thought that by employing this method the chances of error in returning to duty men who actually had tuberculosis, and sending men to a base port for transportation home who were non-tuberculous, were reduced to a minimum. Observations to the effect that the pulmonary type of influenza presented a radiographic picture that was heretofore considered characteristic of tuberculosis agreed substantially with those made in other hospitals; and on account of these observations it was considered dangerous, besides being unfair to the patient, to assume that there were pathognomic radiographic findings in pulmonary tuber- culosis. There was one case in which the existence of a specific lesion of the lung was sug- gested by the radiographic findings, and which later gave a plus two XX^assermann. The patient was immediately given salvarsan and then discharged before further studies of any kind could be made. Of the thirty-six gastro-intestinal cases there was found one which had undoubted roentgenologic evidences of duodenal ulcer, and one who, although he had every clinical and laboratory evidence of ulcer of the duodenum, showed no sign of it fluoroscopically or radio- graphically. There were ten cases of intestinal stasis, two of gastro-enteroptosis, six of ap- 81 pendicitis. and one case of an excitable French officer who could be assured that he did not have gastric carcinoma. Two cases of dysentery were examined in which no lesion was demonstrated. It will be seen that in sixteen cases a negative diagnosis was made. This seems a large number, but it must be borne in mind that with the equipment it was not possible to make as thorough a study of the gastro-intestinal tract as could have been desired, and, furthermore, that a "pain in the belly" is one of the old standard complaints of the malinger- ing soldier. In none of the examinations of the biliary and urinary tracts was there evidence of cal- culus. One of the gall bladder cases showed a distinct enlargement of that organ. The work for the Dental Department consisted for the most part in examinations for the detection of root abscesses, and then later examination, after treatment had been started, to determine whether or not the root canals of the diseased teeth had been completely filled. It was also possible by repeated examinations to be of assistance to the oral surgeon in his treatment of jaw fractures. Situated so far from the front, it is not surprising that foreign body localization consti- tuted but a small portion of the work. After trying out a few devices the Strohl method was found the most feasible. It was easily and quickly done, and the proof of its efficiency lay in the fact that it was entirely satisfactory to the surgeons. Occasionally the surgeon, aided and directed by the roentgenologist, extracted foreign bodies under the fluoroscope. More rarely fluoroscopic reduction of fractures was made, but on account of the danger of this method its employment was reserved for only three cases that proved refractory to other means of treatment. DENTAL The Dental Department, in charge of Captain John S. Owens, D. C, occupied six rooms on the ground floor of the Nouvel Hotel, known as Section No. 5. Four rooms were used for oper- ating purposes, one as a sterilizing and wash room and the other as a laboratory. Captain John S. Owens, D. C. 82 Through the generosity of the trustees of the Thomas XXr. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, of Philadelphia, the major part of the original equipment, consisting of a very complete dental outfit, including three portable chairs, materials and supplies, a very fine laboratory equipment, office furniture, etc., valued at over $2500.00, was donated to U. S. Army Base Hospital No. 20, University of Pennsylvania, for service in France. It seemed only fitting and proper to the Trustees of the Institute in the true spirit of the times to make this generous donation, inasmuch as it was in France that the founder of this museum, Dr. Thomas X\\ Evans, spent most of his life. The Director of the Unit, in recognition of the generosity of the Trustees of the Institute, had made a bronze memorial tablet, which hung upon the walls of the Dental Department in France. The tablet will be presented to the Thomas XX7. Evans Museum and Dental Institute, of Philadelphia. After arrival in France a requisition for two base dental chairs and cabinets, etc., com- pleted the dental equipment, which, under any conditions of field or base hospital service, provided for good and effective dental work at all times. The Dental Department was the first in the Hospital to commence work as a department, beginning operations on the 22d of May, 1918. From May until the end of October the Dental Department not only cared for the patients and personnel of the Unit, but also the officers and enlisted men of the Seventh Aviation Training Center at Aulnat, whose total strength varied from 800 to 1500 men. French soldiers from the French hospitals situated in Chatel Guyon were also taken care of whenever they presented themselves. The appended report shows the scope and amount of work accomplished month by month. An analysis of this report shows a normal and steady increase in the amount of work accomplished from the time the Hospital began to function as a whole until November. Comparing these figures with the total number of patients in the Hospital for the corre- sponding months, the same general curve upwards will be found from May until the end of October, during wrhich month the department had 965 separate sittings. It is interest- ing to note that in the eight months the department was open over 7000 separate sit- tings were given. It will also be seen from the report that the Dental Department func- tionated chiefly as a Base Hospital Department, doing work of a substantial and permanent nature whenever possible. At all times, if permanent dental work was indicated, patients were held over until such work was finished. Also as far as possible the teeth of patients wrere treated and saved, and extractions were made only wrhen absolutely necessary. Of the total number of fillings 75 per cent were of a permanent character. The department from time to time furnished considerable information as to the etiology and treatment of infected conditions of the mucous membrane of the mouth, commonly known as "trench mouth.' From an early date statistics were collected as to the relation between "trench mouth" and the presence or history of syphilis. It was the observation of this depart- ment from the cases treated that present or previous syphilis is a contributory factor in a large percentage, as the mucous membrane of the mouth is thereby lowered in tone, offering greater susceptibility to mouth infection of this type. Different treatments were tried from time to time, and the one finally used with greatest success was the one which was recom- mended by the Army Sanitary School at Langres. This treatment consisted in thorough prophylaxis of the mouth with the use of compressed-air sprays of Dakin's solution, normal saline, etc., and the application of 4 per cent chromic acid. As shown in detail by the attached report, a large number of infected oral conditions were treated by the department. Thirty-nine fracture cases of different types were under the care of the department, the greatest number of cases in any one month occurring in October. For matters of record, photographs of restoration and fracture cases were taken wherever possible to show progress. 83 Work dune by the Dental Department from May 22, 1918. to January 20, 1910, from monthly record sheets: taken FILLINGS Amalgam ....................... Amalgam and oxyphosphate..... (iold inlays ..................... (iold. malleted .................. Gutta-percha .................... Oxyphosphate ................... Root canal ..................... Synthetic porcelain ............. Copper cement .................. CROWN AND BRIDGEWORK Gold shell crowns .............. (iold and porcelain crowns ...... Porcelain crowns ............... Gold bridges ................... Gold and porcelain bridges ...... Crowns reset ................... Bridges reset ................... Crowns repaired ................ I'ridges repaired ................ (.c>ld inlay reset ................ Crowns removed ................ Bridges removed ............... 32 1 12 1 OTHER OPERATIONS Teeth extracted..................................... Roots extracted ...................................... Root canal treatments................................ Pulps extirpated (novocaine) ....................... Pulps devitalized (arsenic) ........................... Pulps capped ........................................ Prophylactic treatments ..............................• Methylene Blue treatments ........................... Chromic Acid treatment ............................. I. C. I. treatment .................................... Salvarsan ............................................ AgN03 treatments .................................. Fowler's Solution .................................... Sequestrum removed (pieces) ........................ Apicoectomy ......................................... Full Dentures ....................................... Partial Dentures ..................................... Cleft palate denture ................................. Plates repaired ....................................... Swaged metal splint (single dental) .................. Splint (Cast interdental) ............................ Splint case (Readjusted) ............................ Splint (Band and wire) .............................. Fracture cases (dental) reduced by band and wire trac- tion............................................. Total number of treatments and sittings given officers and enlisted men ................................ 141 209 IS 42 20 39 15 101 21 49 47 64 7 13 2 67 64 50 109 22 50 60 119 ... 35 2 73 24 46 < 282 72 14 2 10 126 70 61 18 2 7 3 1 4 11 3 8 1 7 64 51 108 34 "2 76 60 "7 24 211 30 27 "\3 113 80 26 17 7 4 5 6 1 4 6 3 1 55 36 163 42 3 76 123 2 13 "i "i C 203 22 20 1 14 109 39 18 52 69 31 122 30 11 "26 109 25 149 118 19 14 "3 61 41 8 6 38 29 93 17 9 18 53 50 463 695 1159 1208 1343 3 10 3 1025 26 24 "7 46 28 16 15 31 20 81 7 5 "30 11 103 10 "\2 5 "2 "i 1 1 831 49 1394 7 234 11 4 24 10 12 1 122 3 110 596 338 264 130 18 23 9 8 2 29 39 14 26 15 25 8 434 244 784 171 20 7 393 444 137 24 70 73 3 16 1 7 49 1 9 3 8 16 330 7104 16 5 30 6 2 24 "34 17 84 Chart of Diseases and Injuries as taken from the monthly reports of the Dental Depart- ment, Base Hospital No. 20, A. E. F.: Abscess, dental ................................. 1 5 20 Ankylosis ................................ 2 Cleft palate ......,......................... Defective fillings ........................... g 12 Dental caries........................................ 47 266 523 Devitalized pulp .................................... 5 19 33 Erosion .................................. Erupting teeth, painful ............................... 1 ... ? Empyema of the antrum ............................. 1 Fracture of the alveolar process .......................... 1 Fracture of the jaws (cases) .......................... 1 1 Fracture of the teeth (cases) .............................. 4 Gingivitis, simple .................................... Gingivitis, ulcerative ................................... Hemorrhage, post-operative ............................... 1 Hypertrophy of the gums .................................... Impacted teeth ...................................... 2 2 1 Necrosis of the jaws ................................. 1 ... 2 Neuralgia ............................................ Pericementitis, acute ................................... 1 1 Periostitis, acute.................'......................... Pulpitis, acute ....................................... 3 7 34 Pulpitis, chronic ..................................... 1 ... 4 Pyorrhea alveolaris.................................. 1 2 2 Salivary deposits .................................... 2 12 41 Stomatitis, acute catarrhal ................................... Stomatitis, syphilitic...................................... 2 Vincent's Angina ...................................... 10 8 Wounds of the mouth, contused........................... 3 Wounds of the mouth, lacerated ....................... 1 3 M 3 X C H 23 18 25 9 11 11 123 4 2 1 2 10 1 37 9 19 52 42 3 182 620 500 467 393 246 107 3169 47 42 19 20 1 30 6 221 1 4 4 7 6 1 2 1 1 21 1 9 1 6 2 4 15 5 2 4 3 18 5 8 8 5 7 33 1 3 4 1 1 1 3 i 1 2 1 9 1 1 1 2 7 1 2 3 5 1 1 1 1 15 1 39 24 33 1 19 1 31 14 204 7 8 6 3 2 24 66 64 1 38 25 47 1 13 308 2 2 13 12 9 9 11 4 76 1 6 3 2 15 1 4 2 2 10 Captain Owens at Work Lieut. F. P. K. Barker, D. C. 85 r>V 'N MEMORY OF. - ' ' dr;thoma^ w.'evans It DENTIST ft DIPLOMAT /* v j T* PHILANTHROPfST & PATRIOT. THROUGH A FORTUNE AMASSFP ' IN FRANCE.HE ESTABLISHFD THE THOMAS W.EVANS MUSEUM £ DENTAL INSTJTUTI > OF PHILADELPHIA. ) THE TRUSTEES 0FTWIS|NSJJTi)?J j i}N TURN,PONATEP fiHE PEtOAl -t tl EQUIPMENT *>F $$: " ? BASEtfOSPJTAD^f f)s UNIVERSITY OF PENNSVLVANI/s k FOB SZKYtCl IN FRANCT. J Bronze Memorial Tablet The Dental Staff Portable Army Dental Chair 1 U 11 tft T ''"ft 'if ^1 ■•■■^^^^^^ ''*'hP' \5 1 .^v *_ —»^m^ l 4- Sergeant, First Class, Ashley E. Howes and Captain Arthir B. McCormick, D. C. Lieutenant Frank P. K. Barker, D. C. Laboratory, Sergeant, First Class, Frank A. L. Sturridge DENTAL DEPARTMENT The original personnel consisted of Captain John S. Owens, Dental Surgeon in Charge; Lieutenant F. P. K. Barker, Sergeant, first class, Ashley E. Howes and Sergeant, first class, Frank A. L. Sturridge. Early in October Lieutenant Barker was relieved from duty and sent to the Army Sani- tary School, Dental Section, as an instructor. Lieutenant A. L. Lawrence, of the Forty-second ("Rainbow") Division, and Lieutenant A. B. McCormick, of the Third Division, then joined the department, after having seen much service at the front, during which time both had been wounded. Lieutenant A. L. Lawrence left in November to establish a dental department at Aulnat, and Lieutenant F. O. Cady, of Base Hospital No. 103, joined the department for temporary duty for the month of December. The services of Sergeant, first class, Ashley E. Howes and Sergeant, first class, Frank A. L. Sturridge assisted greatly in the treatment of cases in the department, as both were graduates from the Thomas YV. Evans Dental Institute, of Philadelphia, University of Penn- sylvania, with the Class of 1917. The Dental Department had the generous co-operation and aid at all times of the other departments of the Hospital, and especially valuable assistance from the Bacteriological Lab- oratory and X-Ray Department. LABORATORY During the period from the completion of the laboratory equipment to the mobilization of the Hospital the officers of the laboratory were on active military duty at various sta- tions in the United States. Captain Alan C. Woods was assigned to duty at the Laboratory School of the Rockefeller Institute and later at the laboratory of the Base Hospital at Camp Sevier, S. C. Captain Philip F. Williams had service at the laboratory of the Army Medical School, the Laboratory School of the Rockefeller Institute, and finally at the laboratory of the Base Hospital at Camp Merritt, N. J. Major A. C. Woods, M. C. Major P. F. Williams. M. C. With the mobilization of the officers of Base Hospital No. 20 at Philadelphia in De- cember, 1917, Captain Woods organized a class among the enlisted men to train them as 87 labin atory technicians. This class, conducted by Captain Woods, with assistance from Cap- tain Williams and Lieutenant Hopkinson, was given instruction in elementary clinical path- ology by lectures, demonstrations and by the performance of the actual technique of the tests. From time to time, as the class was reduced in number, further and more complicated procedures in hematology, bacteriology, including media making, and clinical pathology were introduced. Several men were trained in other laboratories where they acted as volunteer assistants, and two men were sent to the War Demonstration Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for a course in the Carrel-Dakin treatment of infected wounds. Eventually a group of eight men well qualified in theory and technique of laboratory tests were ready to be called upon for assistance as the work overseas developed. Upon arrival in Chatel Guyon, in France, a suite of four rooms was assigned to the lab- oratory for occupation. These rooms, on the ground floor of the Hotel Nouvel, selected for the dispensary and specialty wards building, were divided by a corridor, so the two facing south were selected as stock and preparation rooms, and the two facing north as examining rooms. The lighting was admirable. Adjoining bathrooms gave running water and supply space and excellent facilities for water power and washing. Gas was not available at the station, but the electric power was on both direct and alternating current, furnishing ample heat and power force. Lumber, composing the packing boxes in which the hospital equip- ment was shipped, was turned into tables, cabinets, racks, shelves, stools and tables. This transformation of boxes into furniture occupied the attention of the entire laboratory staff, at hard manual labor, for two weeks or more, but when black table top finish and cherry stain were applied as camouflage and the pieces of equipment set in place, the result was eminently satisfactory, and but few changes or additions were found necessary. One of the most convenient pieces of furniture was a special table for the centrifuge, containing pull racks for the various sized tubes, a balance, rack for the milk head and other appurtenances of the centrifuge. Corporals Buehler and Horko were assigned to duty as laboratory assistants. By ar- rangement with the ward surgeons all specimens for examination were sent to the laboratory at two set hours in the morning and afternoon, and reports on these were sent back by courier to the wards at noon and evening. Requests for special or immediate work and reports on it were made by courier and telephone. A copy of all reports submitted to the ward surgeons was preserved for reference in a large register arranged according to the statistical month- ly report. The laboratory had the heartiest co-operation and support of the ward surgeons, and the extent of the work done reflects their interest in this side of the patients' care and treatment The fortunate location of the laboratory in the dispensary and specialty building enabled the attending surgeons personally to use the facilities of the laboratory in many instances. Naturally the largest number of the tests performed fell under clinical pathology. The fact that this Hospital was selected as a clearing house for suspected tuberculosis for the American Expeditionary Forces caused the number of sputa examined to run high. In anatomic pathology the work was light, since practically all the surgery was that of wounds. For the most part this work consisted in the examination of organs to complete autopsy protocols. Practically all the deaths in the hospital were autopsied. Bacteriology figured largely in the service, and, aside from the routine clinical work of this nature/wound bacteriology came prominently to the front. Smears of wound secre- tions for bacterial count in checking up results of various antiseptics, and wound cultures for determining the nature of infections were practiced extensively for the ward surgeons. The technic and various media recommended by Major B. Jablons for this work were used en- tirely. The necessary animals, guinea pigs, sheep and rabbits, were available for use in serological work. 88 Personnel, Clinical Pathology Room The Wassermanns Bacteriological and Serological Room Preparation Room Storeroom LABORATORY DEPARTMENT tests. tho>e originating at a neighboring base hospital, camp hospital and camp infirmary were performed. The work in chemistrv aside from that necessary in regular clinical tests was limited to the estimation of urea nitrogen in the blood of certain nephritics. In many instances the laboratory was called upon to assist in the control of minor out- breaks of diphtheria. The Seventh Aviation Instruction Center, at Aulnat, was surveyed by culture for meningococcus carriers following the development of a case of epidemic cerebro-spinal meningitis at that post. A survey was made of the medical officers, nurses and ward masters in this Hospital for possible carriers of hemolytic streptococcus. Routine examinations were made of the water and milk used, and such examinations of other foodstuff's as the occasion demanded. LABORATORY SUMMARY I. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY Blood: Erythrocyte counts .............................................. 124 Leucocyte counts................................................ 421 Differential leucocyte counts.................................... .. HI Hemoglobin estimations........................................... 115 Malaria examinations ............................................ 38 Positive examinations ............................... 5 Urine: Urinalyses, ordinary chemical . ;.................................... 975 Urinalyses, ordinary microscopic................................... 724 Feces: For parasites and ova, examinations................................. 112 Positive examinations ............................... 9 For Entamebae, examinations...................................... 4 Positive examinations .............................. 0 Sputum: For Tubercle Bacilli, specimens..................................... 2055 Positive specimens.................................. 44 For other organisms.............................................. 342 Positive specimens . .................................128 Gastric contents, examinations of...................................... 241 Spinal fluid: Smears for Meningococci.......................................... 34 Positive............................................ 5 Smears for other organisms........................................ 34 Cell counts....................................;.................. 33 Globulin tests .................................................... 33 Venereal Specimens: Smears for Gonococci.............................................. 52 Positive............................................ 23 Examinations for T. Pallidum Dark Field examinations........................................... 41 Positive ............................................ 3 Clinico-pathologic examinations not otherwise listed.................... 292 Total ................................................... 5781 90 LABORATORY SUMMARY—Continued II. ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY Operation specimens, microscopic examinations......................... 14 Autopsies performed ................................................. 46 Histopathologic examinations......................................... 93 Museum specimens prepared.......................................... 10 Photographs of wounds, specimens, etc................................. 110 Total ................................................... III. BACTERIOLOGY (SPECIMENS EXAMINED CULTURALLY) Blood, specimens of.................................................. 28 Urine, specimens of.................................................. 10 Feces, specimens of: For dysentery ................................................... 106 Positive............................................ 17 For typhoid or paratyphoid........................................ 106 Positive............................................ 6 Sputum, specimens of: For pneumococci ................................................. 140 Positive............................................ 80 Typed by Avery's method....................................... 33 For other organisms............................................... 238 Positive........................................... 42 Nasopharynx, specimens from: For B. Diphtheria................................................ 530 Positive............................................ 85 For Meningococci................................................. 201 Positive............................................ 12 Spinal Fluid, specimens of............................................. 21 Positive examinations............................... 4 Pus, exudates, etc. (exclusive of wounds) Aerobic cultivations .............................................. 107 Anaerobic cultivations ........... ................................ 88 Wounds: Aerobic cultivations .............................................. 206 Anaerobic cultivations ............................................ 206 Autopsies, total original cultures from.................................. 34 Milk, total number of specimens of..................................... Water, total number of specimens of................................... 8 Bacteriologic examinations not otherwise listed........................ 22 Total ................................................... IV. SEROLOGY Agglutination tests (with bacteria).................................. 82 Wassermann tests ................................................... 381 Blood.................................................372 Double plus or plus..................................155 Spinal fluid............................................ 9 Double plus or plus.................................. 3 Serologic examinations not otherwise listed............................. 6 Total ................................................... 91 LABORATORY SUMMARY—Continued V. CHEMISTRY I'.lood ............................................................... 6 I rine. special examinations.......................................... 81 I )rugs. foods, beverages, etc........................................... 3 Total ................................................... 90 VI. OPERATIVE PROCEDURES (BY LABORATORY STAFF) Treatments with therapeutic sera............................ Treatments with bacterial vaccines................... Schick tests............................................... Animal inoculations...................................... Operative procedures not otherwise listed.................... Total ......................................... Total laboratory examinations not included above............. GRAND TOTAL.............................. SANITATION Major George M. Piersol and Captain Philip F. Williams successively filled the position of Sanitary Officer of Base Hospital No. 20. The reputation which Chatel Guyon developed as the "spotless town" of the A. E. F. was due to the training the detachment of Base Hospital No. 20 received in the Armory and Training House period in Philadelphia. After the detachment arrived at Chatel Guyon the first work was the cleaning up of 700,000 square feet, more or less, of floors, walls and ceilings of the quarters previously occupied by 800 sick Algerian soldiers. Once clean, they were never permitted to relapse into even a slight resemblance of their former condition. Sanitation Detail of German Prisoners An Incinerator In establishing Base Hospital No. 20 at Chatel Guyon many difficulties had to be over- come. The plumbing system of the French hotels gave the plumbers many a hard job. The inaccessible joints and pipes made every drain a problem in itself. The town possessed a very modern septic tank sewage-disposal plant situated about a kilometer from the near- est hospital building. Fortunately, Chatel Guyon being a watering place and the hotels fairly modern, there was no lack of running water or bathing facilities in the wards. 2 6 12 3 11 34 111 884() 92 The water supply from the town system, while regarded as potable, was subjected to repeated bacteriological examination. The bacteriological examination of the milk, bought from local dairies to supply the hospital, demonstrated the necessity of boiling it before use. An inspection of the dairies was made several times, but notwithstanding recommendations made to the owners, habits of generations were not changed, and the boiling of the milk continued. In a few instances large quantities of food had to be condemned. This was due to lack of proper icing of cars in which meat had been shipped. A very small percentage of the canned goods was condemned. The disposal of waste and refuse from wards and kitchens was quite satisfactory. Garbage was sold to local collectors. Tin cans were sold by the carload. Light waste, soiled dress- ings and paper were disposed of in incinerators, constructed by members of the detach- ment. An isolation ward was established soon after arrival. Proper regulations prevented any serious epidemic. The outside policing was done by a sanitary squad, usually from the guard house, and by German prisoners. At the time of the one general inspection the sanitary aspect of the hospital and its sur- roundings, with no extra attention, met with approval. 93 Part IV ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT HEADQUARTERS EADQUARTERS of the Hospital occupied the second floor of the centrally lo- cated Villa Dufaud. There the Commanding Officer, the Adjutant, the Sergeant Major and Headquarters stenographers had their offices. During its history Base Hospital No. 20 had the good fortune to have as commanding officers four unusually efficient, painstaking and conscientious men. To the first. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas H. Johnson, is clue the credit of organ- izing and training the personnel into a military body, and the setting up of an actually functioning and well running hospital. His success as an executive and organizer led to his removal to the Chief Surgeon's Office at Tours to take over the department of Hospitalization in the A. E. F. Regret at losing him was only assuaged by the knowledge that Major George Morris Piersol would succeed him. Major Piersol carried on from July 28, 1918, to November 4, 1918, while Base Hospital No. 20 operated at its greatest capacity, with depleted personnel and at the most serious crisis during the war. His won- derful personality, his unruffled geniality, his kindliness and his earnestness earned him the devo- tion of every officer, nurse and man in the Hospital and united all to the greatest effort. Base Twenty was lucky not to have lost him, as his services had been sought repeatedly for a more im- portant position. Upon the return of Lieutenant Colonel John B. Carnett from an almost continuous absence of five months at the front, Major Piersol was relieved to become Consultant in Medicine of the Fourth Army Corps and thereby realized his ambition to serve at the front. Lieutenant Colonel Carnett, the Director of the Unit, came into his own when on November 4th he became Com- manding Officer. Only those who have been closely associated with Lieutenant Colonel Carnett know the appalling amount of labor he contributed to the making of Base Hospital No. 20, in organizing its personnel, in collecting its funds and in purchasing its equipment. He sacrificed himself to an unrealized degree. It was his forethought and constant thought that made Base Hospital No. 20 so efficient, comfortable and happy. As an evidence of their esteem, the officers of Base Hospital No. 20 presented to Lieutenant Colonel Carnett a handsome gold wrist watch, and the nurses presented him with a traveling bag. His ability as Director and Commanding Of- ficer was recognized by the following Citation: United States Army CITATION Lieutenant Colonel John B. Carnett, m. c, u. s. a., for exceptionally meritorious and conspicuous services at base hospital Number 20, France. American Expeditionary Forces /;/ Testimony Thereof, and as an expression OF APPRECIATION OF THESE SERVICES, I AWARD HIM THIS Citation Awarded on 19 April, 1919. (Signed) JOHN J. PERSHING, Commander-in-Chief. 95 Villa Dckacd. Headquarters Liectenant-Colonel Johnson L I El' TE N A NT-C'OLONEL PIERSOL Headquarters Personnel Major Williams Lieutenant-Colonel Carnett Captain Stem After the armistice was declared the return home became the prevailing thought, but Base Twenty was not ordered away until February 13, 1919. During this difficult period it fell to Lieutenant Colonel Carnett to evacuate the Hospital and its buildings, and to superintend the packing and disposal of its equipment. He led the officers, nurses and men from Chatel Guyon en route home, but the route proved divergent. At Nantes the nurses were separated from the main body and went first to La Battle and then to Brest. The officers and men went to Clisson to await transportation. After a wait of more than four weeks, Lieutenant Colonel Carnett and all but four officers were ordered home, much to his regret in having to leave the detachment. Major Philip F. Williams then became Commanding Officer and under his leadership the remain- ing officers and detachment went to St. Nazaire, sailed aboard the U. S. Transport Freedom, ar- rived at Camp Mills and the main detachment proceeded to Camp Dix where they were dis- charged. .' The Headquarters staff consisted of Captain Thomson Edwards as Adjutant from mobiliza- tion of the Unit to the beginning of July, 1918. when Sergeant Stem, having been commissioned, relieved him, so that Captain Edwards could devote his time to surgical work. Captain Stem continued as adjutant until the Unit was disorganized for discharge at Camp Mills. He was also Commanding Officer of the Detachment and,. Detachment of Patients for this same period, ex- cept for six weeks during August and September after Lieutenant NathaniebA. Pettit, San. C, was commissioned and before he was detached. When Sergeant Stem was Commissioned, Ser- geant Dwyer became Sergeant Major, and because of unusual efficiency and familiarity with Army paper work, was commissioned Second Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps, and was subsequently appointed Assistant Adjutant. The Headquarters stenographers were Sergeant, first-class, Howard L. Phillips, Private, first- class, Howard N. Mills, Miss Clare Rounsvell, and after she was detached, Miss Marie Lau- rambourle. Sergeant, first-class, Michael M. Dorizas was Headquarters interpreter as well as top sergeant until he was detached. Corporal Frederick Koehler, Privates, first class, Charles H. Allen, Vincent Schiavitto and Alexander J'. Collins and Private Ollie M. Heltsley succeeded each other as orderly. It will be noticed that the personnel of Headquarters was relatively small for the large amount of work required of this office. The official correspondence of the entire Hospital passed through this office. The majority of the reports of the Hospital were prepared in and all reports forwarded through Headquarters. There were numerous daily, weekly, and monthly routine reports to be rendered, besides the in- numerable emergency reports and the daily telegraphic Bed Report, the weekly telegraphic Strength Return and Sick and Wounded Report. The Adjutant personally heard and reviewed the cases of all men transferred to Section 8—the disciplinary ward of the Hospital—and pre- pared charges for any offenders to be court-martialed and in addition was held responsible for the German prisoners. Besides correspondence and reports, Headquarters office prepared all the Special and General Orders of the Hospital—a very onerous work. When a patient was reported ready for discharge the present location of his organization had to be ascertained from a lengthy list containing all organizations in the A. E. F., and he was evacuated in accordance therewith if his organization was in the Service of Supply Section. If in the Advance Section, he was sent to a replacement camp for that particular branch of the service as designated from time to time. The routing and destinations ordered in evacuating patients were constantly changing, but the Special Order had always first to be prepared. A copy of this order was given to the soldier or group of soldiers as authority for travel; two were sent to the Quartermaster for the purpose of prepar- ing transportation orders and rations ; one was sent to the patient's ward for the ward master to check the man out of the ward and turn him over to the top sergeant in charge of outgoing pa- tients ; another copy was sent to the Registrar to be used in the preparation of the report of dis- charges from Hospital; still another was sent to the Post Office, where a card system of all pa- tients was kept, so that notation could be made thereon of the patient's destination in order that his mail could be forwarded; and finally a seventh copy was sent to the Commanding Officer of the organization to which the patient was directed to report. 97 ()riginally three davs a week were fixed as discharge days, but later patients were discharged every day so that the greatest number oi empty beds might be available at all times for new pa- tient-. This necessitated a tremendous amount of labor by Headquarters in the preparation of the papers and supervision of the details incident to the evacuation of patients. Headquarters office also prepared the travel and leave orders for officers, nurses and soldier personnel of the Hos- pital. All promotions originated with and were forwarded from Headquarters. Claims and com- plaints by the French people were lodged with and handled by Headquarters. The Hospital Center in which Base Hospital No. 20 was placed in October, 1918, had its Headquarters located at Clermont-Ferrand, about twelve miles from Chatel Guyon The insti- tution of Hospital Centers in the A. E. F. as central executive and administrative agents over a group of hospitals situated in a particular town or in close proximity to each other was designed to make for efficiency, to avoid duplications and to conserve motor transportation, food and medical supplies. The Hospital Center at Clermont-Ferrand was inaugurated to function over a group of hos- pitals distant two, twelve and thirty miles respectively, from Clermont-Ferrand. This effort at long distance control entirely defeated the purpose for which Centers were organized and sub- jected the hospitals themselves to numerous handicaps. The component hospitals were robbed of a considerable number of their trained men to make up the personnel at the Clermont-Ferrand Center, for it was only established after Base Hospital No. 20 was a smoothly running institution. Changes at Base Hospital No. 20 were ordered by the Center in ignorance of and with apparent indifference to the conditions at the Hospital, with the result that the burdens of administration at the Hospital were greatly increased. An additional copy of each report always had to be struck off for the files of the Center and much unnecessary labor was imposed upon the office force of Ba-^e Hospital Xo. 20 when reports had to be rewritten because they failed to reach their ultimate destinations after they had been delivered to the Center. All reports were de- layed by transmittal through the Center. The Center did, however, expedite the promotion of non-commissioned officers; for it was vested with power to do this without first obtaining ap- proval from the Chief Surgeon, A. E. F. If the experience of Base Hospital No. 20 can be taken as a criterion, the establishment of a Hospital Center over hospitals not situated in close proximity, not only served no useful purpose, but proved an unsuccessful experiment. The same criticism, however, does not necessarily apply to central administration of a group of hospitals situated close to each other. It would be a mistake to leave the impression that hospital headquarters was entirely en- grossed in the tedious details of Army paper work. It was in fact the point of contact between the little American community at Chatel Guyon and the outside world; it was the link that con- nected the personnel of Base Hospital Xo. 20 with the rest of the A. E. F. All news, information, orders and directions from higher up were transmitted to the various departments at Chatel (iuvon through the medium of Headquarters, and in turn, both the patients and personnel of the hospital had to rely on this same office when they wished to communicate officially with other de- partments of the Army in France. At Headquarters rested the ultimate responsibility for every hospital activity, professional or otherwise. The authority for everything that was done, for every move that was made, and for every change that was instituted primarily emanated from the Headquarters Office. The endless details of administration, personal adjustment, and disci- pline, that are inevitable in a group of several thousands of individuals, sooner or later always claimed the attention and consideration of some member of the headquarters staff. To maintain all the varied departments of the hospital at the highest point of efficiency, to co-ordinate them; to see to it that they co-operated and functioned without friction was the real task that constantly confronted those attached to Headquarters. A task, in the accomplishment of which, tact, fore- thought, and good judgment were even more necessary than a knowledge of Medical Department routine and Army Regulations. 98 DETACHMENT OFFICE The Detachment Office, located on the first floor of the Headquarters Building, the Villa Du- faud was the office of the Detachment Commander and the First Sergeant of the Detachment. Ihe first Sergeants from mobilization of the Unit until discharge in their order of tenure were: Sergeants Henry S. Hagert, ()sco Shearer, Nathaniel A. Pettit, Michael M. Dorizas, de Benneville bell, and Joseph B. Waters. Sergeant Hagert continued in charge of the paper work of the de- tachment office. The personnel of the office changed from time to time, but the men who served the greatest length of time were Corporal James A. Dwver, Corporal Robert E. Spiller, Pri- vate, first-class, Thomas J. Johnson, Private, first-class, Armond L. Koethan, Sergeant, first- class, Herbert S. Casey, Sergeant Franklin G. Conner, Sergeant George Kearney, Private, first- class, Herman L. Rudolph. The force was frequently supplemented ^v convalescent patients, among whom Privates Roberg and Grey did particularly good work. Lieutenant N. A. Pettit, San. C. Detachment Personnel and Office The duties of the detachment office comprised the preparation of Form 47A (a roster of all soldiers, showing gains and losses during the month), the Pay Roll, the Status Slips, the Duty Roster and the Memorandum Orders, Lists, etc., for the use of the First Sergeant; and the cus- todianship of Service and Individual Records for all enlisted men ; and the equipment of the en- listed personnel. When the first patients were received on June 8, 1918, the detachment office took over the duties generally assigned in Base Hospitals in the United States to the Patients' Detachment Office. From this time the office was directly responsible to the Detachment Commander and Adjutant and became in reality a personnel office. In co-operation with the Red Cross Chapter of Chatel Guyon, this office endeavored to adjust the many allotment and insurance tangles in which the patients found themselves. This was a difficult matter in as much as the soldier-patient in hospital was separated from his records and frequently did not know what steps he had already taken. A system of handling these problems was devised, however, that later received the official sanction of the Chief Surgeon's Office and was adopted for the use of all Base Hospitals. Every effort was made to obtain pay for patients in the hospital. Army regulations provided that no man could be paid except upon a pay-roll made up from his service record or a tran- script therefrom. Regulations also provided thai when a soldier was dropped from his organiza- tion and sent to a Base Hospital his service record should be sent not to the Base Hospital but to the Central Records Office from which theoretically a transcript could be obtained bv the Base Hospital. However, the weak link in the procedure was that the soldier's former coinmandino- officer did not send the service record as directed or it was lost in transit or in action. Requests for records were forwarded to the Central Records Office within ten days after each train arrived. Copies of all transcripts and pay cards received and endorsements thereon were made and filed. 99 Finally the unsatisfactory system ni payments upon service records or transcripts only, was changed by telegraphic instructions. C. S. ()., A. E. F. August 30, 1918. directing the payment lo each soldier of 45 francs a month on a casual pay-roll. Such rolls were prepared for September and October, 1918. paying every soldier, except those paid in full, 45 francs. Fifty-five soldiers were paid in full for August. 35 for September and 57 for October. In accordance with (ieneral Order 12o G. H. O. lc>18, providing for the adoption of pay books, 271 soldiers who had pay books or transcripts of service records were paid in full or in part for Xovember, 1918. Although the results appear to be small the amount of work entailed was enormous not only at Chatel Guyon but at every other post in France, and it was apparent that a new system of ob- taining pay data had to be adopted. In order, therefore, that casual and detached soldiers might be paid regularly G. H. Q. devised the Pay Book. This document was to contain the pay record of the soldier and be carried by him at all times. Beginning August 12, 1918. repeated requisitions, letters and telegrams for blank pay books were sent forward, but none were received until December 5, 1918. In the meantime the Chief Quartermaster A. E. F. directed that no pay books should be opened upon the verbal data of the soldier himself. This ruling again defeated payment of the soldiers, as the only written data obtainable was in the soldiers' Service Record and transcripts thereof in the Central Records Office, and these could be secured for scarcely half the patients in the Hospital and by the time the papers did arrive many of the patients had been discharged. A lengthy letter explaining the effect of this ruling was sent to the Chief Quartermaster A. E. F. and upon re-decision authority to pay on verbal statements was granted. Approximately 900 pay books were issued to soldiers in the Hospital between December 5, 1918, and January 1, 1919. While awaiting the requisitioned pay books letters continued to be addressed to Central Rec- ords Office for pay data for patients as the}' arrived. Such a letter written November 1, 1918, gives a resume of conditions as follows: Number of soldiers in Hospital . .1268 100% Soldiers due less than 3 months pay 348 27% Soldiers due 3 months' pay...... 405 32% Soldiers due 4 months' pay...... 258 20% Soldiers clue 5 months' pay...... 125 10% Soldiers due 6 months' pay...... 75 6% Soldiers due 7 months' pay...... 21 2% Soldiers due 8 months' pay...... 14 1% Soldiers due 9 months' pay...... 3 Ya% Soldiers due 10 months' pay..... 0 0% Soldiers due 11 months' pay..... 2 1-6% Soldiers due 12 months' pay..... 3 Ya% Soldiers never paid............ 14 1% Soldiers due three months' pay or more ..............'. . . . 920 73% Soldiers due less than three months' pay ................ 348 27% No answer was received to this letter. Beginning September 30, 1918. a list of all Marines in Hospital was submitted monthly to the Marine Pay Master at Paris, and they were paid regularly from records in his office or from the verbal statement of the Marine. The prompt and efficient manner in which ward masters furnished lists to the Detachment Office greatly assisted the work of paying soldier and marine patients. Members of the Detachment and of attached Units were paid regularly not later than the seventh day of the month subsequent to that for which pay was due. A complete list of the men composing the Detachment with their official assignment in the Hospital and their home addresses will be found on pages 238-256. 100 REGISTRAR OFFICE The organization of the work in the Registrar ()ffice of Base Hospital No. 20 received the personal attention of Lieutenant Colonel Thomas H. Johnson, whose thorough knowledge of Sick and Wounded paper work proved a most valuable asset in establishing the fundamental principles in this Department, leading on to gradual improvement and final smooth running efficiency. In most base hospitals the Registrar was a commissioned officer, but at Base Hospital Xo. 20 it was found expedient to appoint Master Hospital Sergeant Osco Shearer Acting Registrar, thereby releasing a medical officer for professional duties. Shortly after arrival in France Ser- geant Shearer was placed on detached service for several days with the U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 1 (Bellevue) at Vichy to obtain a practical working knowledge of the conduct of a Registrar Office under A. E. F. conditions. Special Form 1 served as the means of transmittal from Ward to Registrar Office of such essential information as the patient's name, serial number, rank, company, organization, diagnosis, etc., and this information was in turn furnished to the Central Records Office and to the Chief Surgeon's Office. With the co-operation of the Commanding Officer a rigid campaign for effi- ciency in these reports was launched and the results obtained by general co-operation were high- ly gratifying. The subject of diagnosis requirements was repeatedly taken up at Officers' Meetings. Clinical paper work was a frequent subject of discussion. Ward masters were frequently assembled and instructed in the importance of accuracy in their voluminous paper work responsibilities, and several memoranda and orders were issued standardizing and governing the preparation of all clinical data. The system adopted made it possible to render reports with exceptional prompt- ness and completeness. The Department was very highly complimented for promptness, accuracy, and efficiency by the S and W Department, Chief Surgeon's Office at Tours. Registrar Personnel and Office Upon receipt of information that a Hospital Train was en route to the hospital, patients were shifted from acute to convalescent wards to make room for the expected arrivals. Two en- listed men, Sergeants Hagert and Dwyer or Corporal Spiller, met the approaching train at Riom, to act as aids to the Chiefs of the Medical and Surgical Services in assigning patients directly to their proper ward before detrainment. Appropriate details were arranged in advance to handle the transportation from train to ward. With the next morning's ward report, each ward master was required to submit an alphabetically arranged list in duplicate, showing all admissions to his ward from that particular train. This list was essential in keeping the consolidated ward report straight, 101 as it also gave the patient's serial number, rank, company, organization and present location in the Hospital. The duplicate list was necessary for the I'ost Office records. Each ward surgeon submitted in bulk diagnosis slips (HI I 20 Form 1) for every admission within 24 to 48 hours after the arrival of the train. These Forms 1 were put in alphabetical order according to the hospitals from which the patients were evacuated and the Daily Report of Casualties and Changes was written up from them. A Registration Card for each new admis- sion was made out, checked and filed in the current file. Transfers of patients from one ward to another were reported with the next morning ward report. The re-clothing, classifying, detraining and death reports and disposition of effects of patients were handled independently of the Registrar Office. Ward surgeons used BII 20 Form No. 2 in making recommendations to the Commanding Officer for the discharge or transfer of patients. The Commanding Officer noted thereon his instructions as to date of discharge. Form No. 2, together with the completed Clinical Record of the case, was forwarded to the Registrar Office for auditing and delivery to the patients who were "transferred' to other hospitals. The Clinical Record of patients "discharged" for return to duty was sent to the Registrar Office with the next morning Ward Report. All discharges or transfers were noted on the Daily Report of Casualties and Changes. The Field Medical Cards of all completed cases were forwarded to the Chief Surgeon at Tours at the end of each month with the S. and W. report for that month, of which it formed a part. The Register Card of the patient transferred was immediately completed and transferred to the permanent file. The Register Card of each patient discharged to duty was treated like- wise, but an exact duplicate was made and these report cards together with a nominal check list of such cases and the Field Medical Cards formed the monthly report of the Sick and Wounded under the new system which was inaugurated June 15, 1918. The Clinical Records were filed in the Registrar Office and were finally turned over to the Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., with other retained records of the Registrar Office after the Hospital was closed on January 20, 1919. Five typewriters almost constantly in operation in the Registrar Office furnish some con- ception of the arduous and monotonous clerical work required. Particular credit for efficient work in the Office is due Master Hospital Sergeant Osco Shear- er in charge, Sergeant, first-class, Ralph Tomlinson and Privates, first-class, William C. Culp, Wil- liam C. Hoss, John Connors, Charles E. Deatelhouser and Arthur R. Williams. THE QUARTERMASTER DEPARTMENT The organization of the Quartermaster's Department at Base Hospital No. 20 began with the appointment of Captain Sherman M. Craiger, O. M. C, as Quartermaster in August, 1917, three months before the other personnel of the unit were called into active service, and seven months before it went overseas. During those three months three enlisted men of the Medical Department were trained to form a nucleus of the office which after- ward came into being when Base Hospital No. 20 became a part of the American Expeditionary Forces. The importance of this period of preliminary training cannot be overestimated, for at the time the Hospital started to function the Quartermaster had to be Subsistence Officer and Property Office'' as well as Disbursing Officer. The early specialization by an enlisted man in each one of these branches simplified the organization of the overseas office. When actual work in France began in May, 1918. the Quartermaster added a fourth department of "Outside Work," made nec- essary bv the assignment of all the mechanics, transportation and general working details to his jurisdiction. Sergeant, first class. Randolph G. Adams was in general charge as office manager; Sergeant George H. Blake took charge of the Subsistence; Sergeants Frederick H. Heuer and Clar- ence Y. Hughes successively had charge of Outside Work. Inside the office Privates, first-class, Foster W. Dotv and Joseph H. Mosser were responsible for the department of Finance, while Privates. firistciice computed on a mathematical basis, lor a detachment of one hundred men for each day the Me^ Officer was allowed to procure from the Quartermaster on the Commanding Of- ficer's sigiinl certificate: Fresh Beef ........................................ 100 pounds Fresh Potatoes ..................................... 80 pounds Fresh Bread ....................................... 100 pounds Sugar ............................................. 20 pounds Coffee, roasted and ground.......................... 8 pounds and man\- other staple articles of food in proportionate amounts. The factor of substitutes was also considered in connection with this type of ration. The Mess Officer was given the privilege of substituting bacon or canned fish in comparatively small quantities in lieu of the proportionate amount of beef, and so on down the list, providing the Quartermaster had the desired substitutes on hand. All of the primary articles of the field ration had their substi- tutes, which allowed for considerable variety to appear in the menus from day to day if man- aged correctly. The cash savings which had accumulated from the mess operated in the States, to the ex- tent of $3,698.34, equaling 21,102.05 francs, found its first use to supplement the field ration, which did not embrace any of the little luxuries of the table and of cooking, such as sufficient butter, jams, eggs, fruits, fresh vegetables, etc. After the kitchen had been policed up and inspected to the satisfaction of the authorities at Camp Pontanazen on May 5th, the detachment retraced their steps of the two days previous as far as the railroad station at Brest, where "Travel Rations" were given out to officers, nurses and enlisted men. Canned corned beef, canned tomatoes, canned baked beans, canned salmon, a little jam and bread formed the rations for the forty-eight-hour railway journey. The first ten days at Chatel Guyon, the permanent post of Base Hospital No. 20, were rather discouraging from the standpoint of the mess. The numerous kitchens were filthy and widely scattered. The outside markets, from which supplies could be purchased, were very meagre, and the few things obtainable were comparatively expensive. As the sources of this open market supply were traced down and the local dealers informed of the future demands to be made on them, markets were created and prices became more reasonable. When the next subdivision of the mess took place at the end of May with the opening of the kitchens in the Hotel des Princes for the officers, and in the Hotel International for the nurses, supplies were all that could be desired. Captain Bates foresaw the future need of more trained personnel in the kitchen and several more men were detailed to the culinary department as assistant cooks, who, after the necessary training, were given the rating of cooks. The first kitchen used, that in the Hotel du Parc, was the one in which the bulk of the work was accomplished during the entire stay at Chatel Guyon, and deserves special mention for its convenience and equipment. It was equipped with an excellent five-foot by fifteen-foot flat-topped coal range, a steam oven for keeping food warm, a steam-fitted automatic dish- washer, steam-heated vats for cooking vegetables or cereals in thirty-gallon quantities, a bake- shop with ovens for bread and pastry, and a butchery where all the meats were handled for the entire Hospital. Adjoining this well-lighted and ventilated kitchen were two big dining- rooms which were equipped with tables and benches to accommodate five hundred persons at one sitting. This kitchen put out more meals than any three of the other nine which were operated when the Hospital was crowded to its maximum of twenty-three hundred patients plus the hospital personnel of three hundred and fifty officers, nurses and men. Bv the time the first train of wounded arrived from the front, the Mess Department was well organized with its offices in the Hotel du Parc. The first three hundred and sixty pa- tients who arrived at a late hour on the evening of June 8th, were promptly fed. 114 Food for the patients confined to their beds was delivered to the wards through the medium of "Le Conte Food Trucks," which had been brought from America with the Unit as part of the medical supplies procured by Lt. Col. Carnett. This is an appropriate place to mention the services rendered by the quantities of kitchen and mess equipment supplied the department from the same source, which included white enam- eled table ware, spacious kitchen utensils, steam boilers to furnish necessary pressure to operate stationary engines, which, in their turn, operated potato-peeling machines, dish-washers, dough- mixer, meat-grinder, grind-stone and other power-driven machinery, all brought from Philadel- phia. All these labor-saving devices could not have been dispensed with except with a greatly increased personnel. The arrival of the first hospital train necessitated the addition of two other features to the Mess Department, that of starting a patient officers' mess and the preparation of special diets for those patients who were critically ill. Three types of diet were decided upon: Regular, or full diet; soft, or light diet, and liquid diet. The mess officer was informed through the diet cards received from the wards by 9. A. M. each morning how many diets of each kind would be required by the wards and by the mess halls for the following three meals. This in- formation was consolidated and the kitchens were called upon to prepare the required quan- tities and varieties. The menus were made out at the mess halls at least forty-eight hours ahead of time, so that supplies could be accumulated to fill them. As the summer passed, train after train arrived, the Hospital as a whole grew larger and larger, and one by one additional hotels were opened up, and consequently, other kitchens, in- cluding those of the Hotels Splendid, Regence, Hermitage, Excelsior, Nouvel, Solitude, and International, all of which were under the management of the central office. The cooking was done entirely by the organization's cooks, and a comparatively few pa- tients, who would lend a hand during their period of convalescence. The dish-washing and the scrubbing of mess halls, kitchens, diet kitchens, and wards were done by a corps of seventy-five French civilian employees, men and women, who were employed, accounted for and paid by the Mess Office. The enormous task of feeding hundreds of people three times a day is not generally realized, especially when they are messed at different places and cannot be handled as a single group. The intertwining, seemingly never-ending mess line passing the mess sergeant of the Hotel du Parc numbered in the neighborhood of twelve hundred hungry soldiers. To serve the wards and the mess line, when the Hospital was running at its capacity, required the peeling of one ton of potatoes each day. Fifteen quarters ot beef were eaten at two meals. Six hundred pounds of sugar were consumed per day. Five thousand doughnuts, or seven hundred pies, would run but one meal. One and a half tons of bread were baked each night. When the sup- ply permitted, four thousand eggs were eaten and used in cooking in the period of twenty- four hours. All of these articles, with many, many others, had to be purchased, transported, recorded and paid for as well as cooked and served. The heads of departments and a very capable office force were kept as busy as the cooks and their assistants. From the time that the organization arrived at Chatel Guyon until its departure, it served to enlisted men, patients, nurses, officer patients and French civilian employes, the grand total of one million ninety-five thousand three hundred and twelve (1,095,312) meals, which cost one million one thousand four hundred and seventy-nine francs and three centimes, plus the value of the rations drawn for the detachment personnel and civilian employees, which amounted in francs to an additional two hundred and ninety-six thousand two hundred and forty francs. These funds had to be accurately accounted for monthly to the exact centime (one-fifth of a cent). The books were closed at the end of each month, a balance struck off, and the accounts audited. Some of the features of the Mess Department which deserve special mention were the dinners on Thanksgiving, Christmas, and New Years, and special work done for parties and 115 dances. ( )n Thanksgiving, for instance, officers, nurses, enlisted men and patients enjoyed the lollowing menu: Roast >ttiffed turkey, mashed ])otatoes, candied sweet potatoes, creamed peas, apple pie. ice cream and cake, bread, butter, jell}' and coffee. Similar menus were also served on Christmas and New Years. After the Armistice was signed, business fell off rapidly and by the time the Unit left Chatel Guyon the kitchens of the Hotels du Parc and International were the only ones operated. The night before the organization left, lunch boxes were packed for all for the train ride of the coming two days. Upon leaving Chatel Guyon with orders to proceed to Nantes, a tiresome two days' train ride was experienced. At Nantes the nurses separated from the officers and the enlisted men, going almost directly to Brest, from which point they sailed for home. The officers and men were sent to Clisson. where two messes were operated, one for the officers and one for the enlisted men. It rained almost continuously, which made it very dis- agreeable, as the kitchen was onlv semi-protected from the elements and the enlisted men had to eat out in the open, mess hall facilities not being available. Supplies were hard to procure at this post, Clisson being thirty-one kilometers from the City ot Nantes, where the nearest large markets were located. As the stay at Clisson was prolonged for weeks and the weather remained so continuously rainy, a semblance of a mess shack was built by the Unit carpenters. Huge canvasses were stretched over heavy frame-work, tent-fashion, and mess tables were installed therein, making the meal hours a little more pleasant. Upon leaving Clisson small lunches were made ready for the railway trip to the Embarka- tion Camp at St. Nazaire. The messing of the organization, April 8 to 13, 1919, was handled by the camp authorities and consisted of the general line of field rations. Fven though terribly crowded for space in the kitchens, as well as in the mess hall, the food on board the U. S. S. Freedom, April 13 to 28, 1919, proved particularly palatable, be- cause it was different from that which had been supplied for the past year. The stock had been brought from the United States and was of excellent quality and variety. The large amounts eaten by the men gave rise to a fear that the surplus would prove insufficient. Four days of very rough weather reduced the mess attendance so materially that much was saved and con- sequently no shortage occurred. The old saying: "It's an ill wind that blows no good" was only too true. Base Hospital No. 20's Mess Officer. Lt. Ralph A. Pendleton, was appointed Mess Officer on board the U. S. S. Freedom. Again the mess was attended to by the camp authorities at Camp Mills, N. Y., and at Camp Dix, N. J., from April 28 to May 7, 1919, as the organization passed through during the ten daws' process of being mustered out of the service. It consisted of good American produce, well cooked and as well eaten. On May 7th the main detachment was given an honorable discharge and the days of pork and beans were at an end, but just a word in defense of them. There was not a single man belonging to the organization who had not gained in weight during his army service. In the last analysis the successful conduct of the Mess Department was due to the hearty co- operation and devotion to duty of the entire personnel under the capable direction of Captain William Bates. Special mention, however, is merited in the case of Ralph A. Pendleton, who received a long-delayed commission as First Lieutenant in the Sanitary Corps by reason of his excellent, enthusiastic and practical supervision of the Mess Department. He was ably assisted by Sergeants Joseph C. Walker, Robert M. Town and Richard A. Jones, Corporal Earl R. Wheat- ley. Private, first class. Challis L. Nolf. and by several convalescent patients, particularly Private Clean. 116 MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPARTMENT To get a proper insight into the workings of the Medical Supply Department it is neces- sary to go back one year prior to the sailing of the Unit from the States. At that time Dr. John I). Carnett was made Director and Purchasing Agent for Red Cross Base Hospital No. 20. He immediately organized not only the personnel, but raised over $108,000 with which to buy equipment. This equipment was purchased on the basis of a 500-bed hospital, and without any authority as to what would or would not be accepted for transportation. Just before sailing, contraband lists necessitated many sales, exchanges and new purchases to suit the new requirements. Though a Headquarters force had been at work since Jul}', it was not until November 30, 1917, that the Unit was called together in Philadelphia. At this time Captain Sherman M. Craiger, O. M. C, was appointed Medical Supply Officer. The work of the Department was very light, for the only duty consisted of equipping the men with the medical belts and keeping supplies for sick call. All the work of crating equip- ment, making of the packer's list, etc., was done by a detail of men in Dr. Carnett's private office. Finally this packer's list was submitted to Red Cross Headquarters in Washington and from there to the Surgeon General's Office. An order came through authorizing the Commanding Officer and Medical Supply Officer to receipt for the equipment and to use the packer's list as an invoice and receipt for the property to the Red Cross. When the orders came to move, all the work that confronted the Medical Supply Depart- ment was the mechanical handling of this vast store of goods from storage houses to freight cars. Thirty-four American box cars were shipped to New York and a month later, when Base Hospital No. 20 sailed on the U. S. S. Leviathan, it was found that many of the supplies were in the hold of the same vessel. On reaching Brest, a special detail under Lieutenant Philip Williams worked day and night under very unfavorable conditions preparing the baggage and much of the freight for further shipment. About three days after the arrival of the personnel at Chatel Guyon, the equipment of the Hospital began to arrive. The Medical Supply Department then began its real functioning in several directions. Sergeant Matthew J. I. Owens, who had charge of the crating under Dr. Carnett in Philadelphia, became Sergeant in charge of the Medical Supply Department, Cap- tain Sherman M. Craiger's time being taken up with quartermaster work. Sergeant, first-class, Hiram B. Eliason and Sergeants Donald R. Kennedy, Ronald J. McCarthy and Irving A. Lud- wig rendered excellent service in this department. Major Carnett supervised the installation of equipment and Major Thomas H. Johnson, the Commanding Officer, personally prepared requisitions to bring the Hospital up to a 1,000-bed capacity. Unfortunately, the Director, Major Carnett, was sent to the front before the first patients arrived, but so thoroughly had the work been started that one month from the time the per- sonnel landed at Chatel Guyon, they received their first train load of three hundred and fifty- nine patients. Not only was there enough equipment, but also enough professional and special surgical instruments to care for them. Every piece of linen was marked for laundering. Enough expendable supplies were on hand to run for two months at least, although as yet not one thing had arrived from Government supplies, which speaks well for the forethought back of the equipment. Soon after this the Medical Supply Department opened warehouses for the storage of re- serve supplies. The first requisition up to 1,000 beds was hardly finished before an additional one up to 1,500 beds was prepared. So rapid was the influx of patients, however, that new requisitions were prepared bringing the equipment up to 2,500 beds, but only 2,175 were received, although the maximum number of patients reached 2253. The difference was taken care of by a very conglomerate mass of supplies and equipment taken over from the French Service de Sante. 117 Captain M. J. I. Owt.xs. San. C. Peksoxnel Office Villa Con*, entration Storerooms MEDICAL SUPPLY DEPARTMENT During the strenuous months, due to transportation difficulties, the shortage of gauze and splints caused considerable anxiety, but eventually gauze was obtained from both Govern- ment and Red Cross sources, and ample Government splints, became available. The possibility of gauze shortage had been seen as early as the beginning of June, so that as soon as sterilization facilities had been installed a Bandage Laundry was started. The supplies from this department alone cared for the minor surgical department throughout the functioning of the Hospital. In addition to this subsidiary department, there was the Linen Department, which func- tioned with very short personnel, and also the Sterilization Department where all clothing, mat- tresses, etc., were cared for at night to relieve the strain on the steam boiler during the day, when it was needed by the Mess Department. The two phases of hospital routine responsible for the major bulk of the clerical work were hospital trains and the requisition of supplies for the various departments, such as X-ray, Laboratory, etc. Due to shortage of personnel in the wards, no regular hours of distribution of expendable supplies could be adhered to. It was made easy for the ward masters to get requisition supplies without undue rules and red tape- December 1, 1918, Lieutenant Owens became Medical Supply Officer for the Hospital Center, and Sergeant, first class, Hiram B. Eliason acted as Supply Officer. Sergeant Eliason's commission was expected in each day's mail, as his recommendation had been forwarded many months before. As it did not arrive, it became necessary to have a change of officers, and Cap- tain William Bates, M. C, was appointed to receipt for the property as of December 1. Immediately after taking office, the property return was made and a new book made up. It was a large depot and had been running under difficulties in regard to personnel. No sooner had affairs been brought up to date, than orders came to evacuate the Hospital. In thir- teen days from the receipt of the order every piece of equipment of the 2200-bed hospital had been shipped out of Chatel Guyon. The paper work involved during this time necessitated a clerical force of twenty-six clerks, nurses and men, working two eight-hour shifts a day. On January 29, 1919, complete clearance of Medical Property was obtained from Div. F. and A. of the Chief Surgeon's Office, A. E. F., and then due to the probability of Captain Bates being detached he was replaced by Captain George 1\. Strode as Medical Supply Officer, but the latter had to sign only for the equipment necessary for the detachment in transportation. MILITARY POLICE In the early days of the Hospital the Military Police consisted of a detail selected to guard hospital property and patrol that section of Chatel Guyon where the hospital buildings were located, and a guard for any soldier serving sentence of court-martial. Sergeant, first class, Michael M. Dorizas was originally the Sergeant of the Patrol. However, as more hospital build- ings were leased and the patients increased and German prisoners arrived, a request was made to the Commanding General, Intermediate Section, S. O. S., for a regular detachment of Military Police, so that all the medical corps men might be released for service in the Hospital. This request was refused on the ground that none were available. In the beginning of August, 1918, it was found necessary to use one building, the Hotel La Campagne, known as Section 8, as a disciplinary ward and to install therein the police headquarters. The top floor of this building was ordinarily sufficient for the Guard House, except when a large influx of German prisoners caused it to be extended. From thenceforth the Hospital had a regular armed police force on duty night and day. All patients who broke hospital regulations, particularly as to intoxication and A. W. O. L., were transferred to Section 8 where they could be watched, so that their con- duct would not retard a proper and speedy recovery. A medical officer twice daily, and other times when necessary, made rounds of the building. The minor surgical cases were dressed in the Nouvel dispensary across the street from Section 8. Serious surgical cases were not ad- mitted to this building. 119 Early German Prisoners Villa Ma Campagxe First German Funeral "V . '*■ j«M r 4> >:~ 4' %|; £_, ,^' .- 4 J fl ■■■**-.> i *'. ':. _— :' „."*.. Original Officers, NoyEMEER, 1918 Casual Officers, November, 1918 Des Princes Officers' Room Officers' Room Kitchen and French Civilians OFFICERS AND OFFICERS' QUARTERS wing changes were made in the officer personnel after November 1, 1('1S: 1()1S. Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Carnett returned from the front and joined for duty as Commanding Officer. Sergeant Dwyer commissioned Second Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps. Major G. M. Piersol relieved of duty and transferred to Fourth Army Corps as Medical Consultant. First Lieutenant M. J. L. Owens, San. C, relieved of duty and transferred to Hospital Center, Clermont-Ferrand. Sergeant Ralph A. Pendleton commissioned First Lieutenant, Sanitary Corps. Lieutenant George K. Strode promoted to Captain. Captains A. A. Atkinson and J. L. Bolt, First Lieutenants E. V. Henry and F. C. Cady, and Second Lieutenant W\ B. Smith joined for temporary duty from Base Hospital No. 93 Second Lieutenant James B Martin, Q. M. C, joined for duty as Assist- ant Quartermaster. First Lieutenants P. H. Nevitt and J. N. Fineberg, Hospital Train No. 41, relieved of duty and transferred to Hospital Train No. 70 at Nevers. Captain B. F. Baer, Jr., promoted to rank of Major, M. C. Lieutenant J. C. Birdsall promoted to rank of Captain, M. C. Sergeant Randolph Adams, promoted to rank of Second Lieutenant, Q. M. C. Captain F. E. Keene, Lieutenant Wr. E. Carroll and Lieutenant N. R. Gold- smith rejoined from detached service with Surgical Operating Team No. 62. Major B. F. Baer, Jr., relieved of duty and transferred to Hospital Center, Mars-sur-Allier. Captain Musser commissioned Major. Second Lieutenant Adams, Q. M. C, relieved of duty and transferred to Base Hospital No. 103, Mt Dore. Major C. L. Bjerring rejoined from detached service at Bordeaux. Captain A. A. Atkinson and Captain J. L. Bolt and Second Lieutenant XV. B. Smith relieved of duty and rejoined Base Hospital No. 93. Major E. L. Eliason, Captains William Bates and Thomson Edwards re- joined from detached service with Operating Team No. 61. Second Lieutenant Austin Williamson joined for duty as Q. M. First Lieutenant George O Robertson relieved of duty as Q. M. and trans- ferred to Headquarters Intermediate Section. Captains G. B. Booth and C XV. McKee relieved and transferred to Camp Hospital No. 52. First Lieutenants Cady and Henry relieved and rejoined Base Hospital No. 93. First Lieutenants Leonard and Dinsmore relieved and transferred to Base Hospital No. 69. 134 Dec. 26, Captain R. W. Ullrich, First Lieutenants G. F. Crothers and Fred L. Gibbs relieved and transferred to Base Hospital No. 69. 28, Captain Keene promoted to rank of Major. Captain G. M. Laws relieved and left en route Angers for the United States. Jan. 2, 1919, Major Wm. H. Speer joined for duty. 3, Bishop Rogers Israel, Chaplain, A. R. C, left to return to the United States. Major Ezra C. Clemens, Chaplain, U. S. A., joined for duty. 4, Major Bjerring relieved and left en route Brest for the United States. 8, Captain Kelley relieved and left en route Brest for the United States. Second Lieutenant C. W. Kramer joined for duty with a Bakery Company. 10, Second Lieutenant James E Martin, Q. M. C, relieved and transferred to Troop Train Meal Service Le Mans. 15, Captain G. B. Booth rejoined for temporary duty to take care of orthopedic patients on board train, en route Perigneux, four days later. 21, Second Lieutenant Kramer. Q. M. C, relieved of duty and transferred to Beaunne. Feb. 2. Lieutenant Randolph G. Ad^ms joined from Base Hospital No. 93, Cannes. 4, Major Speer and Lieutenant Carroll relieved, transferred to Embarkation Center, Le Mans. 6, Lieutenant Hall relieved, transferred to Embarkation Center, Le Mans. 7, Lieutenant Clemens relieved, transferred to Base Hospital No. 101, St. Nazaire. 8, Lieutenant Leavitt relieved; transferred to Hospital Center, Savenay. 9, Lieutenant Williamson, Q M. C, relieved, transferred to Base Hospital No. 93, Cannes. 13, Chaplain Clemens relieved, transferred to Hospital Center, Vichy. 14, Lieutenant Pendleton, San C, left sick in hospital at Royat. 27, First Lieutenant McCormick promoted to rank of Captain, Dental Corps. Mch. 5, Major Eliason promoted to rank of Lieutenant Colonel. Captains Bates, Williams, Zulick and Woods promoted to rank of Major. Lieutenants Goldsmith, Hopkinson, Mclntire and Stem promoted to rank of Captain. 135 SURGICAL OPERATING TEAM NO. 62 Shortly after the arrival of Base Hospital No. 20 in France, orders came from the Chief Surgeon to form two operating teams for work in the hospitals at the front. Each team was to be made up of a surgeon in charge, an assistant, an anesthetist, a senior nurse, a sec- ond nurse and two corps men as orderlies, all accustomed to working together. Surgical Operating Team No. 62, the first team to leave Base Hospital No. 20 for service at the front, left Chatel Guyon for Chaumont (Haute Marne) on June 5, 1(M8. The original personnel of the team was composed of: Major John B. Carnett, M. C. Surgeon in Charge. Captain George M. Laws, M. C, Assistant Surgeon. Lieutenant N. R. Goldsmith, M. C. Anesthetist. Miss Helen Pratt, A. R. N. C. Miss Marie Bergstresser, A. R. N. C. Sf.ko.eant First Class de Bexxeville Bell, M. D. Private Rufus B. Jones, M. D. Arriving at Chaumont June 7th, the team was quartered at Base Hospital No. 15 and spent a busy day procuring identification cards, gas masks and helmets, and receiving gas instruction. The following day Major Carnett and Captain Laws proceeded under orders to Evacuation Hospital No. 1 at Sebastopol on the Lorraine front, north of Toul, for instruc- tion in war surgery. For twelve days they studied the methods of the surgeons stationed there in the performance of operations, treatment of shock and post-operative care of the wounded. On June 16th they headed a surgical team which operated for eighteen hours on patients arriving from the American Division Headquarters at Boucque, which was being bombarded with ten-inch shells. On June 21st Major Carnett and Captain Laws rejoined the remainder of their team at Chaumont. Because of a general shortage of surgical instruments at the front at this time, Major Car- nett proceeded to Base Hospital No. 20 on June 27th and obtained a full supply of in- struments, rubber gloves, operating gowns and dressings from their equipment which had been brought from the States. He returned to Chaumont the following day. On July 5th the team left Chaumont and reported the next day to the Commander of Field Hospitals of the 117th Sanitary Train (Forty-second Division) and were assigned to duty with members of Mobile Hospital No. 2. under command of Captain F. B. St. John, M. C, in a former French wooden barracks hospital at Bussy-le-Chateau, northeast of Chalons-sur- Marne. It was known the Germans were making active preparations for a formidable drive on this front in the near future. Inasmuch as they had made big advances in all their recent previous attacks, and the hospital was only five miles from the front trenches, it was deemed advisable to send all excess hospital equipment and personal baggage to the rear, to provide for a possible wholesale evacuation of the patients and to select a series of hospital sites successively further to the rear. Sergeant Bell volunteered his services to remain with any patients who could not be evacuated in the event of the Germans capturing the hospital. The Germans started their attack at midnight of July 14th, but were disastrously repulsed along this immediate front by the American Forty-second Division and two divisions of French "Blue Devils." When high-explosive shells began dropping on the hospital grounds an immediate evacua- tion of patients from the wards into a huge elephant dugout was commenced, but two patients were killed by six-inch shells making direct hits on their wards before they could be car- ried to safety. The surgical teams continued to operate on incoming patients, although fragments of shells were striking the operating pavilion, but they finally were ordered to quit temporarily when a gas alarm was sounded. The shelling continued, and at the end of two hours orders were given to abandon the hospital. 136 % ' :"-" "': ?5 il .C-.f^| 1 "IS •*Erj.: ^ r*'I* a 3 * \ r fjfc 1 *fc«* fk: / ■^ \'f. i * —I'l^ Ptl ~x - :-l '' * £ ?&£ ■' ' :l'pV'-A>*ifct'*tfj "J Original Members Team No. 62 Ready for Gas Attack -'•"•"4 C J- ■•■«*. -gSflJ ■&*>* , A*'r^vCS«*. fff* L-^ ^ Wk :***H \* [^ S ^^ K^V-'( [j ^B #'•, y **k JL' 1 ^Sk \ - :VTr^' **Sf\ 4 V" ■—fc^^" ^:^r> ^.v* ^ ^^^ 1 m • '*i^{^5!^9B lry - tMkz —- r-,,,«5* ## w^x v.; v. • r- • . ■ •■>—— ~£r^-&*e&itfr .,%*r'3ff^ -***;3"** V ^ ■"•£%.'' > *'> *■■•-■ Abris Entrance Team No. 62 After November 1, 1918 Members' Team No. 562 Hospital at Bcssy Shelled by Germans Mobile Hospital No. 2 at Chateau La Trocsse Subsequently each member of Team No. (>2 received a copy of the following letter from General Pershing, addressed to Mobile Hospital No. 2. to which ream No. <>2 was attached: GENERAL H FADCjFARTFRS, AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES France, 14 August, 1918. From: The Commander-in-Chief. To: Captain Eordyce B. St. John, Commanding Officer, Mobile Hospital No. 2. Subject: Commendation : 1. The Commander-in-Chief was proud to learn from a report from the Office of the Inspector General, A. E. F., of the fine courage shown by you and your personnel under shell fire when stationed with the Forty-second Division at Bussy, France. He congratu- lates Mobile Hospital No. 2, and requests you to inform its members that he is proud to have them in his command. To Major J. B. Carnett, M. C. By direction: General Pershing (Signed) Le Roy Eltinge, F. B. St. John, Capt. M. C. Deputy, Chief of Staff. ()n July 15th, under verbal orders, Mobile Hospital No. 2 proceeded to Yatry to set up its tent hospital, while the remaining personnel and patients were sent to Evacuation Hos- pital No. 4 at Ecury, south of Chalons, where Team No. 62 operated on twelve-hour night shifts until July 18th, when they rejoined Mobile Hospital No. 2 at Yatry, a few kilometers to the south of Ecury. At 5 P. M. on July 21st Mobile Hospital No. 2, accompanied by Team No. 62, left Yatry in ambulances and trucks en route for the Chateau Thierry front. The bitterly cold moon- light ride was interrupted by a three-hour wait under the shelter of the roadside trees to escape observation from German airplanes which were flying overhead, but finally terminated about 10 A. M. at Chateau La Trousse, near Lizy-sur-Ourcq. The hospital filled up with patients who could not be evacuated, and on July 31st several operating teams, including No. 62, and the X-ray and operating pavilions from Mobile Hospital No. 2 were sent to join Evacuation Hospital No. 2 at La Ferte Milon. They accompanied the latter hospital to Crezancy on the Marne, east of Chateau Thierry, on August 4th, and then rejoined Mobile Hospital No. 2 at Coincy, near Fere-en-Tardenois, on August 6th. On August 25th Mobile Hospital No. 2, with Team No. 62, left Coincy for the St. Mihiel front. They awaited orders at Souilly for a few days, and then proceeded to Recourt on August 30th. On September 3rd Captain Laws and Miss Bergstresser left, the latter being ill, returned to Base Hospital No. 20. Captain Laws, as the head of Surgical Team No. 562, made up of casual officers and an orderly from Chaumont, and a nurse, Miss May Grenville, from Base Hospital No. 20, served with Mobile Hospital No. 3 at Sebastopol during the St. Mihiel drive, then with Evacuation Hospital No. 1 at Sebastopol, and rejoined Mobile Hospital No. 3 at Rosieres-en-Haye. W7hen this hospital was destroyed by fire on October 10th, Team No. 5()2 was sent to Base Hospital No. 31 for duty till November 28, 1918, when Captain Laws and Miss Grenville returned to Chatel Guyon. When Captain Laws was detached, Lieutenant Goldsmith was advanced to Assistant Surgeon, and the following day Lieutenant William E. Carroll reported for duty as anesthetist for Team No. 62. On September 21st Sergeant Bell was returned to Base Hos- pital No. 20 as a patient and was replaced by Private, first class, John V. Yost. On September 25th Team No. 62, with Mobile Hospital No. 2, were transferred to the Argonne front, and set up their equipment in a former French barrack hospital at Chateau Salvange, between Froidos and Rarecourt. On September 30th Miss Letitia Gallagher, A. R. N. C, relieved Miss Pratt, who returned to Base Hospital No. 20 to act as Assistant Chief Nurse. 138 Notice of Major Carnett's promotion to the grade of Lieutenant Colonel was received on October 3rd. Captain Floyd E. Keene reported on October 19th to relieve Colonel Carnett as head of the team. Lieutenant Colonel Carnett left for Chatel Guyon November 1st to become Commanding Officer of Base Hospital No. 20. The entire team was ordered to re- turn on November 22nd and arrived at Chatel Guyon on November 24th, after a continuous absence of nearly six months, during which they had seen service on practically all the Amer- ican battle fronts. SURGICAL OPERATING TEAM NO. 61 Surgical Operating Team No. 61 was made up of: Major E. L. Eliason, Surgeon in Charge. Captain F. E. Keene, Assistant Captain William Bates, Anesthetist Miss Florence Williams, A. R. N. C. Miss Sabina Landis, A. R. N. C. Sergeant Joseph Dougherty, M. D. Private George Farabaugh, M. D. On June 8, 1918, orders arrived sending Major Eliason and Captain Keene up to Evacua- tion Hospital No. 1, near Toul, for instruction in war surgery. They spent two weeks there, observing the handling of cases, shock treatment, operations on war wounds, and the dress- ing and care of the patients in the post-operative wards. Near the end of their stay they were pressed into service due to the stress of work resulting from the shelling of Boucq, Division Headquarters, five miles away. With other members drawn from the hospital per- sonnel, they functionated as a team for a twelve-hour shift during one night. At the expira- tion of the two weeks' period they returned to Base Hospital No. 20, where they performed Base Hospital work until called out later. On July 21st orders arrived directing Team No. 61 to report to Lieutenant Colonel Bingham, in Paris, for duty. On reporting, they were sent to American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 1 at Neuilly-sur-Seine, where they spent one night. In the morning they were sent by ambulance to American Red Cross Military Hospital No. 3 (Officers' Hospital). They arrived there, had lunch, and started in the operating room at 2 o'clock, where they worked until 10:30 P. M. They remained at this hospital for ten days, operating and doing ward work on daily twelve-hour shifts, caring for wounded who were coming back to Paris from the Chateau Thierry "push." Wrork was slack, and a transfer was requested and granted. August 2nd brought orders to report to Colonel Stark, of the First Army, at La Ferte- sous-Jouarre. On arriving at La Ferte the team was taken by ambulance up to Chateau Thierry and reported to Evacuation Hospital No. 5. One of Team No. 61 nurses was loaned as operating room nurse. Miss Williams undertook the duty and made such a success of her duties, acting as head nurse for the entire operating tent of ten tables (five teams), that much difficulty was encountered in getting her returned to the team. She was taken sick for a day, and Miss Landis then acted as head nurse. Because of her efficiency it was, in her case also, very difficult to get her returned to the team. The team worked on the night shift, operating from 7 P. M. until 7 A. M., being allowed an hour, from 12 to 1, for a light lunch. After working three full nights the influx of patients became much reduced, and the team had to work only spasmodically and for shorter periods. By this time the team was working together in excellent fashion, and each one did more than his share and consequently contributed to a well-running team. It was then put on the eight-hour shift—that is, eight hours on duty and eight hours off* duty. At this time, August 12th or 13th, they obtained information that Base Hospital No. 20, being over- whelmed with work, had requested their return. On August 16th orders came sending 139 them back to Base Hospital No. 20. much to their delight, for work had slackened to almot nothing and the camp life was not the most pleasant for officers and men. and much less for the nurses. August 28th again brought orders for Team No. ol to proceed to Chalignv, reporting to Field Hospital No. \<<2. Captain Keene being needed at the base as senior surgeon, with Lt.-Col. Kliason Original Members of Surgical Team No. 61 m\ •' '"* ': ,v r- -: • t « - - l jdfS& >b. m •*■ j *IB ' c al Hi* *■ M B^*^| yj^L 4t i £7 m *? W"1 I 3PB1IP ■ j \ 1 -*^ t*C i mm -H*** 'fkw& L J (*' ^V k \ \*' % i i < > >• i P i ^ V H' vJ -^atiil :.;■■■*& £3C Si 3£ Final Members of Scrgical Team No. 61 140 Lieutenant Colonel Carnett and Major Eliason away, was replaced on the team by Captain Thomson Edwards. Miss WTlliams, still sick and below par from her illness at Chateau Thierry, was left at the base and replaced on the team by Miss Mary Hume. The team reported to Field Hospital No. 162, which was located in a French hospital at Chaligny-sur-Moselle, just south of Toul. On September 2nd Evacuation Hospital No. 13 arrived and took over Field Hospital No. 162. Preparations were made at once to functionate as a hospital for the seriously wounded only, coming back from the proposed St. Mihiel sector offensive which was to take place in ten days or so. The stay at Chaligny was enlivened every clear night by the Hun airplanes flying over to drop bombs on the iron smelter situated 400 or 500 yards below the hospital. The team was billeted in French houses, and when the siren sounded the "alert" all lights had to be turned out, and every one would hunt cover in the "abris." It got very monotonous obey- ing "alerts" two and four times in one night, for the multiplicity of falling fragments rather demanded cover for safety. Major Eliason was made Surgical C. O. and was given much valuable aid by the members of his team in organizing the surgical service. They worked here but little in a stay of twenty-six days. At this time Miss Landis contracted a severe sore throat suspicious of diphtheria. She was sent to the Infectious Hospital in the Justice Group at Toul for a few days. The hospital then got orders to pack up. On September 26th Team No. 61 and two others under orders went over to Evacuation Hospital No. 1 to work one night. Miss Landis was sick with the "flu" and was left in the Gas Hospital in the Justice Group of Hospitals, On October 3rd the team was ordered to report to Headquarters at Souilly, Evacuation Hospital No. 6. Leaving Miss Landis, who was still sick with the "flu," they proceeded by ambulance to Souilly, and were sent at once to Evacuation No. 10, situated at Froidos. They arrived at 8 o'clock and went to work at 9 on the night shift. The hospital was crowded to the doors, front and back, with wounded. Every available bit of space on the floor was occu- pied by a loaded stretcher. The team remained with Evacuation No. 10 for the remaining period of the war and for three weeks afterwards. In November Private Farabaugh con- tracted a severe bronchitis and was returned to the Base. Later Captain Edwards contracted pneumonia and was very ill for ten days. In their work at the front they performed about 600 operations and did a great many dressings on post-operative cases, in addition to dress- ing many other severe cases that needed no operation. The team when working at capacity ran three operating tables. This was possible due to the fact that both Sergeant Dougherty and Private Farabaugh were anaesthetists, en- abling Captain Bates to be released to operate or to assist Major Eliason or Captain Edwards in operating. Miss Hume did most excellent work, though burdened by the loss of Miss Landis. The team was verbally commended more than once for its efficient organization and celerity. SHOCK TEAM NO. 116 The following personnel comprised shock team No. 116: Captain John H. Musser, Jr., M. C. (In Charge). Grace MacMillan, A. R. N. C. Mary Kegrice, A. R. N. C. Sergeant Franklin G. Connor, M. D. Private Joseph R. Arnold, M. D. On July 22nd the team received telegraphic instructions to proceed to La Ferte-sous- Jouarre, and arrived there the following day. That evening they were sent to \Terdolet, reporting to the Commanding Officer of Field Hospital No. 27, and were immediately as- signed to the task of handling the severely wounded of the Third Division. For three days the work was extremely heavy and then slackened up as the stream of severely wounded was diverted to other hospitals. The whole hospital was then moved up, July 29th, to Chateau Thierry and assigned to a very handsome chateau which was in fright- 141 tul condition. After twenty-four hours of strenuous work the place was thoroughly cleaned and put in condition to receive patients. The next few days were busy in the extreme, and then followed a period of inactivity which persisted until the team was transferred to an- other assignment. Major J. H. Musser, Jr., M. C. While at Chateau Thierry the team, together with the four operative teams that were also assigned to this hospital, were the recipients of the following personal letter of com- mendation from General Dickman, the Commanding General of the Third Division: My Dear Captain Musser: During the recent attack of the German Army on this Division near Chateau Thierry, and during the subsequent campaign of the Division against the Germans, the Commanding General learned with great pleasure of the splendid care and attention our wounded men were receiving. In a report made to him special mention was made of the work of the doctors at the Third Division Hospital. The building at Thierry selected for use as a hospital was the best one available, but was full of rubbish, dirt and debris. The surgeons and the nurses pitched in, and in a short time this was all cleared away, and the floors, etc., cleaned, and the buildings made ready to receive the wounded. Then when the wounded commenced to arrive the report states how tirelessly and skillfully the surgeons worked through long hours at the operating tables, and in car- ing for the wounded in the various wards, especially the seriously wounded. Those facts were known to the Division Commander at the time, and it was a source of great comfort and satisfaction to him to know that our sick and wounded men were receiving such attention. It is well known now that the main attack of the German Army in its effort to break through our lines and reach Paris was directed against the Third Division. The failure of the German attack and their disastrous repulse was due to the splendid work of our men in the front lines and the support they received from the various services back of the lines, and in this service you played an important part, as above described. The General desires me to thank you for your work and to express his sincere ap- preciation of the service you are rendering your countrymen. (Signed) David L. Stone, Col., Gen. Staff, A. C. S. August 10th Team No. 116 was sent to Field Hospital No. 112, at Cohan, and remained there until the 16th. Very little work was accomplished here, as the hospital was very close to the front line. It was shelled several times and, as at Chateau Thierry, was visited nightly 142 by hostile airplanes. The Corps Surgeon was unwilling to have patients taken care of in such an exposed position, and they were diverted to hospitals further to the rear. One night two airplane bombs fell in the midst of the tents, but fortunately they were "duds." August 17th the team was moved back some kilometers to Field Plospital No. Ill, and there awaited further orders. From here they were again returned to Chateau Thierry, reporting to Evacuation Hospital No. 5 on August 20th. After four days of inactivity the team was sent across the Marne to A. R. C. Hospital No. 111. Here general medical work was engaged in for three days. August 26th was spent in traveling from Chateau Thierry to a little town, Vic-sur-Aisne, back of Soissons, where Field Hospital No. 127, of the Thirty-second Division, was set up, awaiting the commencement of activities, which started in two days. This hospital, as the other field hospitals to which the team was attached, received only the severely wounded, and at the same time acted as a triage station. The amount of work that one of these small organizations did in time of stress may be judged from the number of patients that were admitted in three days—namely, 216—and the severity of their patients' wounds may be better appreciated when it is known that of these 216, 86 died. Of all the patients admitted there were probably not more than twenty-five who were not more or less severely shocked, and the team, for the second time since leaving Field Hospital No. 27, was called on to perform its proper function as a shock team, put in the field for the purpose of treating and combatting the shock and hemorrhage from which died the large majority of wounded soldiers who were not killed immediately. For several days after the period of immediate stress had passed wounded soldiers who had not been picked up until the fighting had ceased were still being admitted to the.hospital. September 4th the division was sent back to a rest area, and the team spent the next four days in the forest of Pierre-Fonds with nothing to disturb them except the nightly air at- tacks and the almost continuous rain. On September 9th the team was ordered to report to Evacuation Hospital No. 5, then at Villers-Cotteret, and were immediately given orders to return to their base, returning September 11th to active duty at their original station, Base Hospital No. 20. This brief sketch of the work of Shock Team No. 116 calls for a word of commendation for the splendid work of nurses and the enlisted men on the team. Working under the most unfavorable conditions imaginable, in a most depressing atmosphere, where soldiers with horrible wounds were dying with an appalling frequency, because every soldier that died in the field hospitals died in the shock ward, the entire team did all that was humanly possible, without a word of complaint, cheerfully and without thought of selves. EMERGENCY MEDICAL TEAM NO. 116 The personnel of Emergency Medical Team No. 116 consisted of: Lieutenant George K. Strode, M. C, Commanding Miss Elizabeth J. Coombs, A. R. N. C. Corporal Robert F. McMurtrie, M.D. By orders from General Headquarters Lieutenant Strode was detailed to the Central Medical Department Laboratory for special instruction in shock and hemorrhage from Sep- tember 16th to 18th. By authority from H. A. E. F. the team left Chatel Guyon September 24th and pro- ceeded via Paris and Bar le Due to Evacuation Hospital No. 6 at Souilly, arriving during what afterward proved to be the longest and most intense bombardment of the war—the eleven-hour barrage of September 26th. The Americans opened their Argonne-Meuse drive the same day, and Team No. 116 im- mediately took charge of the Shock Ward of Evacuation Hospital No. 6 and during the first week worked night and day without relief. A second team was then assigned to duty and thereafter Team No. 116 alternated on night and day duty. 143 Souilly was an important center situated about twenty kilometers south of Verdun. It was the Pirst Army Headquarters and was a railhead, in addition to being located on the main highway over which man}' of the supplies were carried to the American armies at the front. It was within easy reach of the Hun airplanes, and they flew overhead both day and night, but fortunately the hospital was never struck by a bomb. While ream No. 116 was at the front nearly 40.000 patients were triaged at Evacuation Hospital No. 6. Only the seriously wounded were sent to the Shock Ward for treatment of their shock and hemorrhage. Each patient required a great amount of individual care, and team No. 116 was kept continuously busy up to November 11th. Thereafter work was slack and the opportunity was seized of viewing the battle front around Verdun, Varennes and Clermont. Emergency Medical Team No. 116 On November 26th, when orders arrived relieving them from duty at Evacuation Hospital No. C. Team No. 116 proceeded to Paris, where they arrived on Thanksgiving Day and had the pleasure of seeing King George and President Poincare drive by with an escort of French troops. Two days later the team returned to Base Hospital No. 20 at Chatel Guyon. The members of Emergency Medical Team No. 116 are included in the following com- mendation, which was extended to Evacuation Hospital No. 6 on November 30, 1918, by the Chief Surgeon of the First Army. A. E. F.: Official: Ralph B. Lister, Colonel, Infantry, Assistant G-3. OFFICE OF CHIEF SURGEON, HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY November 30, 1918. From: Chief Surgeon, First Army, American E. F. To: Commanding Officer, Evacuation Hospital No. 6, American E. F. Subject: Commendation for Excellent Service. 1. It is a great pleasure at the end of the Argonne-Meuse offensive, the last battle of the war, to indicate to you and your command the high appreciation in which the arduous and splendid service of the unit in several campaigns is held. 2. The cheerful and loyal co-operation of officers, nurses and men has been productive of a standard of efficiency that should be the pride of all connected with the unit. 144 3. With a courage and self-sacrifice that adds luster to the crown of American woman- hood, the nurses have attended to the sick and wounded during air raids with a disregard for danger that was sublime, and at all times by their tenderness and cheerfulness have alle- viated the distress of thousands of wounded. 4. As a mark of appreciation for most excellent service Evacuation Hospital No. 6 has been designated by high authority for a place of honor in the territory occupied by the Third Army, American E. F. (Signed) A. N. Stark, Colonel, Med. Corps, U. S. A. NURSES The U. S. S. Leviathan reached port on May 2. 1918, and the nurses were debarked on the 5th, in time to take the train with the other members of Base Hospital No. 20 for their then unknown next destination. After a ride in the day coaches of a French train for forty- eight hours, during which they had no beds, and only what messing equipment was loaned them by the officers and men, they arrived at Chatel Guyon, where they were first quartered on one floor of the Hotel du Parc. Within a few days they were transferred to the International Hotel, which continued as their quarters for the remainder of their stay in Chatel Guyon. This hotel was modern in construction and was especially adapted for use as a nurses' home. It was situated apart from the other buildings of the hospital, on high ground and with open country on two sides of it. Its rooms comfortably accommodated the sixty-eight personnel. It had bath- tubs, toilet facilities, hot and cold water in every room, a well-equipped kitchen and rooms on the first floor that were readily converted into dining room, reading room, tea room and reception hall. The bedrooms were furnished and equipped with linen and electric stoves, all possible because of the comprehensive equipment brought over at the Director's sugges- tion. Coal stoves were furnished by the Q. M. Electric hot points, electric stoves and elec- tric irons for clothing were available in the French market. Rugs, recreation chairs, tables, settees, piano, Yictrola, curtains, etc., were furnished by the American Red Cross. A few days after arriving, and pursuant to A. E. F. Special Order No. 1 of Base Hospital No. 20, the following members of the Army Reserve Nurse Corps on May 10, 1918, proceeded to Camp Hospital No. 44 at Riom for temporary duty: Misses Edith Davies, Sabina Kehr, Mary Walbert, Mary Stewart, Marie Goff and Evelyn Bretzler. Two of them returned to Base Hospital No. 20 on June 11th and two more on July 26th. Miss Davies was appointed Chief Nurse and remained with Miss Kehr at Camp Hospital No. 44 until it closed on De- cember 12, 1918. On June 2nd the following detachment of twenty nurses proceeded to Base Hospital No. 18 at Bazoilles-sur-Meuse, Department Yosges, in charge of Miss Louise Bidaux: Misses Viola Brothers, Elizabeth Clingman, Nell Howard, Martha Buck-waiter, Elizabeth Weaver, Elizabeth Findley, Elizabeth Schmoyer, Clara Stephen, Mignonne Kreger, Laura Nell, Emma Morrison, Jessie Laidlaw, Bertha Wold, Anna Hoover, Nelle A. Whittemore, Nettie Parkinson, Anna Bartek, Mary Lyster and Lake Johnson. They remained on duty there until their return to Base Hospital No. 20 on July 19, 1918. A second detail of six nurses also left on June 2, 1918, for duty at Base Hospital No. 66 at Neuf Chateau, Department Yosges. This group consisted of Miss Dell Jackson, in charge, and Misses Hazel W nite, Lucy Kullander, Emma Amack and Lucile Conant and Mrs. Lillian Foster. They returned to Chatel Guyon on July 17, 1918. On June 4, 1918, the following fifteen nurses, A. R. N. C, were sent for duty at Base Hospital No. 15 at Chaumont: Miss May Grenville, in charge, and Misses Minnie Collins, Mildred Fairlamb, Susie Higgins, Mary Kegrice, Grace MacMillan, Grace McConaughey, Ella MacFetridge, Anna Newman, Edna Rockey, Emily Shaw, Mary Walsh, Sabina Landis, Mary Hume and Esther Laubenstein. They returned to their "proper station" at Chatel Guyon on June 13, 1918. 145 Chief Nirse, Miss Edith B. Irwin, A. N. C. Nursing Personnel, June 8, 1918 The nurses of Base Hospital No. 20 did excellent work. They faithfully carried out the principles and practices taught them at home. No matter what time of night a Hospital Train arrived, the day nurses would come back on duty, waiting for the patients. They would then give the bed patients baths and hot drinks, while others were helping dress their wounds. Every wound was dressed as soon as the ward surgeon could accomplish it. This meant that every wound was dressed within three hours after the patient's arrival. This could not have been possible without the active co-operation of the day shift of nurses. During the summer various nurses were ordered away with operating, gas or shock teams, but all were returned eventually. On October 19, 1918, Misses Edna Rockey, Bertha Wold and Jessie Laidlaw, having asked for transfer, were permanently detached and sent to Hospital Train No. 56 for duty. During their stay at Base Hospital No. 20 the nurses had very little sickness among their numbers. One case of scarlet fever, one of pneumonia, one appendicitis operation, one case of catarrhal jaundice and one of alcohol burns of neck, shoulder and arms constituted the serious ones. These all recovered. In January two nurses, Misses Anna Hoover and Anna Newman, were sent to Base Hospital No. 8 for return to the States, because of their poor health, being classed as C patients. During their stay in France, despite the enormous amount of work accomplished by them, the Chief Nurse so arranged it that every nurse had a leave of seven days or more. In addition to this, after the hospital ceased to functionate, many of the nurses then remain- ing were given three days' leave to visit Paris and the front. Many times during their stay at Chatel Guyon^ when work had its lulls, the nurses gave dances or parties of various kinds. These parties were held in the du Parc mess hall or in the nurses' dining room. They were always well attended by the officers of Base Hospital No. 20, the convalescent patient-officers, the medical officers from Camp Hospital No. 44 and the ax'iation officers from Aulnat. The room would be decorated with wild flowers, when obtainable, and flags, pennants and bunting brought from the States by the hospital. The Chief Nurse filled her position most admirably and with rare executive ability and fairness. The nurses presented Miss Irwin with a traveler's clock at Christmas, 1918, as an evidence of their friendship for her. The nursing personnel was most efficient and un- tiring in their duties and care of their patients. No casual nurses were ever assigned to duty at Base Hospital No. 20. The original sixty-five nurses did all the nursing at Base Hospital No. 20, as well as at Camp Hospital 146 Hotel International Afternoon Tea Dining Room Corner of Sitting Root A Bedroom Kitchen NURSES' QUARTERS, INTERNATIONAL HOTEL No. 44, and, in addition, many of them saw service with various surgical and medical teams at the front. After the armistice was signed and the work at Base Plospital No. 20 diminished, many of the nurses volunteered for longer duty in France and Germany. Three of this number, the Misses Mary Walsh, Anna Daley and Ella MacFetridge, were ordered to duty at Aix-les- Bains, pending their return to New York City in July, 1919. On January 13, 1919, the following fifteen nurses who volunteered for longer duty were sent to Treves, Germany, to report to the Commanding General of the Third Army and were reassigned to various hospitals in the region of Coblentz, Germany, for duty with the Army of Occupation: Miss Elizabeth Weaver, in charge, and the Misses Elizabeth Findlay, Eliza- beth Schmoyer, Mary Kegrice, Grace MacMillan, Minnie Collins, Clara Stephen, Elizabeth Clingman, Martha Buckwalter, Helen Bidaux, Evelyn Bretzler, Mildred Fairlamb, Emily Shaw, Laura Nell and Emma Amack. Some of them returned to the United States in July, 1919, and the remainder returned later. On January 23, 1919, the following twenty nurses departed for the Hospital Center at Beau Desert: Miss Rose Bidaux, in charge, and the Misses Louise Bidaux, Grace Heatley, Esther Laubenstein, Nell Howard, Mary Hume, Hazel White, Lucy Kullander, Anna Crouch, Nellie Ferry, Catherine O'Donnel, Grace McConnaughy, Emma Morrison, Catherine Quig- ley, Mary Stewart, Sabina Landis, Nelle A. Whittemore, May Grenville, Marie Goff and Lake Johnson. They were reassigned to duty in various field and base hospitals in the vicinity of Bordeaux until they proceeded to Brest for return to the United States on the U. S. S. Kaiserin Augusta Yictoria, which arrived in New York on April 17, 1919. After the departure of the above-mentioned nurses there remained at Base Hospital No. 20 the following twenty-one nurses, A. R. N. C, in addition to Miss Edith B. Irwin, A. N. C, the Chief Nurse : Misses Yiola Brothers, Marie Bergstresser, Anna Bartek, Elizabeth Coombs, Lucile Conant, Edith Davies, Letitia Gallagher, Anna Hawkins, Susie Higgins, Dell Jack- son, Sabina Kehr, Mignonne Kreger, Margaret .Louther, Mary Lyster, M. Louise Miller, Helen Pratt, Nettie Parkinson, Clara Street, Mary Wralbert and Florence Williams and Mrs. Lillian Foster. These twenty-two nurses continued their professional duties until the last patient was discharged on January 20, 1919, and then rendered valuable assistance in clearing out equip- ment and in closing up the paper work of Base Hospital No. 20. On February 13, 1919, these twenty-two nurses and Mrs. Floyd E. Keene proceeded with the officers and men as far as Nantes, xvhere the latter switched off to Clisson and the former continued to La Baule. A week later they went to Kerhuon and a few days later embarked on the U. S. S. Agamemnon at Brest and arrived in Hoboken on March 11, 1919, and were honorably dis- charged from the service in from one to two weeks later. RECONSTRUCTION AIDES On October 31, 1918, three Reconstruction Aides—Misses Catherine Gilbert, Jessie W. Hall and Ann Hansen—were sent to Base Hospital No. 20 for duty, and another one. Miss Marion H. Bentley, joined on November 6th. A report of their work during their several weeks of duty appears elsewhere. They were all detached February 7, 1919. CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES The three original civilian employees were permanently detached from Base Hospital No. 20 in the late summer of 1918. Miss Grace Risser was transferred to Red Cross Service for duty at Chatel Guyon, Miss Clare Rounsevell xvas assigned to duty in the Chief Sur- geon's Office at Tours, and Miss Dorothy Ren wick xvas sent to the Hospital Center, Cler- mont-Ferrand. 149 ENLISTED MEN Base Hospital Xo. 20 arrived at Chatel Guyon, France, with 148 men, although the original enlisted strength xvas 153. the following men not arriving with the organization: Sergeant Joseph II. Berry remained at an Officers' Training Camp at Camp Gordon; Sergeant Caleb F. Fox, Jr., xvas left behind injured in a hospital at Hoboken, N. J.; Private Russell F. Mitchell developed mumps on board ship in harbor and xvas sent to a hospital at Hoboken, X. J.; Private, first class. George P. Shephardsoii, xvho developed scarlet fever and diphtheria on board the U. S. S. Leviathan, died the day after landing in France at a U. S. A. Camp Hospital in Pontanezen Barracks at Brest. His was the only fatality among the entire per- sonnel of this unit. Private Lewis B. Christoff became sick on board ship and was trans- ferred to the same hospital at Brest. Three of the above men rejoined the organization, Mitchell joining on July 2nd, Christoff on July 14th and Fox on July 21st. The first man to be detached from the organization xvas Private Merrick Wr. Hellyar, xvho was transferred to the Aviation Section, Signal Corps at Aulnat, on June 5th. There were no further changes until July 11th, when ten men were ordered to the Tank Corps at Langres. These ten men consisted of three casuals and seven of the original detachment— namely. Sergeant Charles Reisert, Lance Corporal Frederick E. Brenner, Privates Melvin L. Katz, Herman L. Ludes, Wilford F. Macken and Russell F. Renshaw. Ludes requested transfer back to Base Hospital No. 20 and rejoined in November. The other men remained with the Tank Corps. Brenner. Macken and Reisert went over the top with the tanks in both the St. Mihiel and Argonne drives, Macken being slightly gassed. Renshaw, being a dental mechanic, was sent to school as a preliminary to a commission. Most of the original organization remained intact, although Sergeant George XV. Kearney, Private, first class, Clayton W'elles and Private, first class, Rees H. Barkalow xvere transferred to the Chief Surgeon's office to assist in the R. R. & C. Department, and the two latter were made Sergeants. The general order which prohibited any promotion after November 11th, 1918, resulted in many of the detachment being deprived of commissions which were pending. Sergeant Kearney xvas recommended for a commission in the Sanitary Corps, but the order of No- vember 11 th prevented his being commissioned. His application for immediate return to the States was granted. Sergeant John B. Kelly and Lance Corporal John G. Love were transferred to the Evac- uation Ambulance Company at Tours. Their course of study at this school, which would have entitled them to commissions, xvas not completed before the fatal 11th of November. They xvere detached from Base Hospital No. 20 and were both promoted to the grade of Hospital Sergeant. Sergeants Ronald J. McCarthy and Irving A. Ludwig were sent to Cosne to take a course to qualify for Medical Supply Officers, but the armistice was signed before their studies were finished. Both of them were detached and transferred to the Med- ical Supply Depots at St. Nazaire and Bordeaux, respectively, but they finally rejoined Base Hospital No. 20 at Clisson for the homeward trip. Corporal Russell F. Mitchell also took the above-mentioned course and was absent from the Unit for several months. Upon the organization of the Hospital Center at Clermont-Ferrand, the 1st of October, manv of the men holding important positions at Base Hospital No. 20 were assigned to duty at that Center. Among them xvere Privates, first class, Foster AW Doty, Samuel W. Aiman, foseph H. Mosser, Robert E. Shields, Wentxvorth D. Yedder, and two of the best cooks, Hovannej Jskalian and Frank McKeoxvn. Of the aboxe men Doty was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the Quartermaster Corps, and Mosser and Yedder were made Sergeants in the Quartermaster Corps. About this same period so many other good men were being ordered away bv the Chief Surgeon's office, without reference to the Commanding Officer, that it looked for a time as if the hospital machinery would be completely disorganized. 150 ?^#r«'/**; ;»>?>• * •.*fe.r ' '< Sergeants, Hospital and First Class Sergeants Corporals /AN-/'' ■' » * i i Original Members of Meiucal Detachment ■;'''■?.*'-" *i A> ,-••> w \ , » « fV»';f i , f « t I *"-fii ,C- „ *y&**'; «>.'■' i t it * i f f. ('o.mplete Medical Detachment, December, 1918 Medical Detach mknt at Mis- Platoon Drill, After the Armistice Detachment Marching Christmas Dinner, Medical Detachment Room-Mates Evening Relaxation Lodgers at Palais Royal (Barracks Xo. 2) Villa Palais Royal Quarters, Ward Master, Front Hermitage Personnel Quartered in Front Hermitage Quarters, Ward Master, Bruyeres Fortunatel}". hoxvever, the men of Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvere of such exceptional ability that it xvas possible to fill the vacancies without slipping a cog. Early in ( )ctober Sergeant Michael M. Dorizas was transferred to Lyons to act as liaison officer for Colonel Morrow in organizing a nexv Hospital Center at that point. Dorizas was recommended for a commission as Captain in the Sanitary Corps, but his papers unfortu- nately failed to reach Washington before November 11th. He rejoined at Clisson, but was again detached for duty with the Peace Commission at Paris. A number of others of the original Unit men xvere recommended for commissions and took courses to fit them for commissions, but the ruling of November 11th prevented their commissions coming through. Among them were Sergeants Henry S. Hagert and Hiram B. Eliason, both of xvhom passed satisfactory examinations and xvere recommended for com- missions as First Lieutenants in the Sanitary Corps, but their papers reached Washington two days too late. Sergeants Joseph B. W'aters and Frederick A. Heuer and Private, first class. Joseph R. Arnold were sent to the Evacuation Ambulance School at Tours and passed satisfactory examinations, but the signing of the armistice prevented their receiving com- missions. Sergeant, first class, de Benneville Bell's recommendation for a commission in the Sanitary Corps encountered the same insuperable obstacle. 156 Sergeant, first class, Randolph G. Adams was recommended for a commission in July, 1918, but his papers were mislaid in the War Department and he was not commissioned until November. He was then assigned to Base Hospital No. 93, at Mont Dore, and later xvent to Cannes with that organization, but on February 2, 1919, returned to Base Hospital No. 20. The first member of the original enlisted personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 to receive a commission was Sergeant Joseph Howard Berry, xvho was detached at Philadelphia to at- tend the R. O. T. C. in Camp Dix, New Jersey. After a three months' course he was com- missioned Second Lieutenant, U. S. Infantry and was then permanently detached. The following men were commissioned in France: Samuel G. Stem............Commissioned First Lieutenant, San. C, in June, 1918. Promoted to Captain, San. C, in March, 1919. Matthew J. I. Owens.......Commissioned First Lieutenant, San. C, in July, 1918. Promoted to Captain, San. C, May 3, 1919. Nathaniel A. Pettit.........Commissioned First Lieutenant, San. C, in August, 1918. James A. Dxvyer...........Commissioned Second Lieutenant, San. C, in October, 1918. Foster W. Doty............Commissioned Second Lieutenant, Q. M. C, in October, 1918. Ralph A. Pendleton........Commissioned First Lieutenant, San. C. in November, 1918. Randolph G. Adams........Commissioned Second Lieutenant, Q. M. C, in November, 1918. Shortly after the opening of the Hospital and the increase from 500 to 2200 beds it be- came apparent that the original enlisted strength calculated upon a 500-bed basis would be entirely inadequate to care for the increase in bed capacity. After several urgent requisi- tions for additional personnel, fifty men joined on July 6, 1918, but on July 9 twenty of them xvere ordered away, and on July 15 twenty-four more xvere ordered away, so that the net gain was only six men. After repeated requisitions forty-six men joined on August 14, but ten of them were ordered away again on August 19. These ten men rejoined on January 11, 1919. Twenty-seven men belonging to Hospital Train No. 41 joined on September 12, and left on November 22. Fifty-three men joined September 25. A total of 185 men joined the organization in France. This total does not, however, include men other than Medical De- partment enlisted personnel who were attached at various times for temporary duty. ATTACHED UNITS Labor Battalions : After the arrival of four or five hospital trains at Base Hospital No. 20 with their large number of patients, it was found necessary to procure assistance to do the labor work around the hospital. A big supply of coal had just arrived for distribution to the buildings com- prising the hospital. A request was made of the Chief Quartermaster, Intermediate Section, for additional labor, and a detachment of ten colored soldiers of the 313th Labor Battalion was sent to help during the emergency. These men proved willing and very energetic workers and were a well-disciplined detachment of men. On September 7th ten more men of the same detachment joined. Their work consisted in moving coal from the station to the different buildings and in working for the Quartermaster on the motor trucks. Unfortu- nately, they were ordered away for other duty on October 11, 1918. They xvere replaced by Administrative Labor Battalion No. 187, which consisted of three U. S. non-commissioned officers and forty-five French civilians who were unfit for military dutv. They proved to be undisciplined and troublesome and of slight value as laborers. Their departure on February 3, 1919, caused no regret. Engineers: Earlv in July Lieutenant Curran Rogers, C)rps of Engineers, inspected all of the buildings comprising Base Hospital No. 20 at the request of the Chief Surgeon xvith a view to repair- ing the sanitary fixtures and installing additional ones. After making his report to the Chief Engineer, S. O. S., a detachment of fourteen engineers of Company D, Thirty-third 157 Engineers, arrived on August 27th. These men brought with them material, washstands, etc., to be placed in the many buildings. They also repaired the various antiquated plumbing fixtures, which had not been used since before the war. Shower baths were installed in several of the buildings, and everything xvas done to promote hygienic conditions for the patients. Their work xvas completed and they xvere ordered back to their original stations on December 17. 1918. Signal Corps : An urgent request through the Chief Surgeon resulted in the decision to install tele- phones in every building occupied by Base Hospital Xo. 20. The installation was com- menced on August 18th and xvas not completed until one month later. Three men from the Signal Office at Clermont did the work, and it proved most satisfactory and a great time saver, as previously all messages had to be sent by courier. Txvo Signal Corps men were sent to operate the switchboard. Laundry Unit: The laundry work of the hospital at first xvas done at a laundry operated by French civilians in the small town of Mozat, about three miles distant. Their work xvas satisfac- tory, but it was recommended in July, 1918, that the laundry be taken over by the U. S. Government, in the interest of economy, and run under the supervision of the Quartermaster Corps. Although a recommendation was approved, the laundry xvas not taken over until the latter part of October, xvhen a detachment of the 318th Mobile Laundry Unit was sent to Base Hospital Xo. 20 to run it. They remained until this Hospital ceased to function in the latter part of January, 1919, xvhen they were removed, and the laundry was returned to the French. Bakery Company: From the arrival of Base Hospital Xo. 20 in France until January 1, 191(C all the bread consumed in the Hospital and by the detachment had to be hauled from the O. and T. Center at Clermont-Ferrand by motor truck. This xvas unsatisfactory and unsanitary, as the bread had to be handled several times by different men and hauled in open trucks, imper- fectly protected from the dust on the road. During the first two weeks after Base Hospital Xo. 20 arrived in Chatel Guyon a request xvas made for a Bakery Company to be assigned, but none arrived until after the closing of the Bakery Center at Clermont-Ferrand, about January 1, 1919, when a detachment from Bakery Company No. 2, in charge of Sergeant Kaymer, was assigned for duty. A bake shop was fitted up for them in the Garage Saby. After reporting to Chatel Guyon, the detachment baked the bread for that station and also supplied Base Hospital No. 30 at Royat until the bakery there was able to take care of their needs. They commenced baking on January 4, 1919, and produced a daily average of f 85 pounds of bread. The equipment consisted of one full unit as laid down in Special Regulations No. 04 for Bakery Companies, 1919, W. D. The sponge process xvas employed, yeast being used for the necessary fermentation. It was necessary to use various grades of flour, mostly pastry flour, but the results were satisfactory. Bakery Company No. 2 xvas ordered to the Hospital Center at Mars on February 8, 1919, and the Quartermaster Department thereafter was obliged to procure bread from other sources. Motor Transport Corps: Although Base Hospital No. 20's transportation department, consisting of members of the Medical Detachment, had always done their work in a perfectly efficient manner, the Motor Transportation Officer at Clermont-Feerrand thought it inadvisable for members of the Medical Department to drive other than Medical Department vehicles, hence early in January, 1919, seven members of the Motor Transport Corps were sent from Clermont- Ferrand to drive the trucks and motorcycles during the final few weeks in Chatel Guyon. Their xvork did not prove as satisfactory as that of the Base Hospital Xo. 20 men. 158 Bakery Personnel French Labor Battalion Bakery and Carpenter Shop French Laundry, German Machinery, American Personnel Villa Solitude Interior of Bakery Interior of Laundry The Hospital in choosing its personnel had taken the precaution to secure several motor mechanics and chauffeurs. The original hospital equipment contained a sufficient supply of machine tools, including a blacksmithing outfit, with hand forge, anvil, etc., to suffice for most of the repairing necessary for motor use. The motor transportation of the Hospital was at first under the care and jurisdiction of the Quartermaster. The fact that Base Hospital Xo. 20 was located in buildings along a stretch of road nearly a mile in length, and the fact that Chatel Guyon is in the hill country of Auvergne, increased the problems of this department. In addition, bread and beef had to be trucked daily from Clermont-Ferrand and salvage trucked back to the depot. The initial alloxvance of txvo trucks and three ambulances was quite inadequate to meet the peculiarly difficult situation at Chatel Guyon, when taken in conjunction xvith the difficulty of obtain- ing the necessary spare parts to keep the machines running. The organization of a sub-depot at Clermont xvith a Motor Transport Officer, eased the situation by providing more trucks and a supply of spare parts. But it presented the unfc-Hmate situation of transportation being supplied by an officer in Clermont who issued orders frem Clermont, while the use of that transportation was directed by an officer in Chatel Guyon, whose orders came from the headquarters in Chatel Guyon. The question of motor transportation in such a place as Chatel Guyon was not susceptible to rigid rules and regulations laid down by some one unfamiliar xvith the local difficulties of Base Hospital No. 20's situation. Frenci" Civilian Employees: . May 17, 1918, a request was made to the Chief Surgeon, A. E. F., for authority to hire twelve civilian employees to act as cooks, cleaners, etc., which request was granted. On June 13th authority to hire forty additional civilian employees was granted. On October 9, 1918, another request to hire twenty-five additional civilian employees was approved. This made authorization for a total of seventy-seven civilian employees. At that time the Hos- pital had 2197 patients and xvas running seven separate messes. These civilian employees, men and women in about equal numbers, were chiefly employed in the kitchens of the Hospital, but a few did cleaning in the wards. They were all discharged on January 24, 1919, with the exception of Mis^ Marie Laurambourle, xvho xvas the Head- quarter's stenographer and interpreter and whose services xvere particularly valuable. She remained until February 12, 1919. 160 Part VI /irV-.f.'vc.-- MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES HE town of Chatel Guyon during wartime and especially outside of the summer "season"' xvas devoid of amusements. The personnel of l'ase Hospital Xo. 20 xvere largely dependent on their own resources to furnish recreation for them- selves and their patients. It therefore seemed advisable to encourage hikes, pic- nics, athletic contests, dances, theatricals, parties, etc., whenever they could be held xvithout detriment to the welfare of the patients. Frequently scheduled re- creations xvere cancelled on receiving telegraphic notice of the impending ar- rival of a hospital train or because of stress of other hospital work. Usually, hoxvever, it xvas possible for a convalescent patient to find some form of enter- tainment suitable to his requirements, even if it were nothing more strenuous than sitting on a bench in the nearby charming park, or visiting the reading rooms and amusement hall of the Red Cross hut. The Welfare Commmittee in America continuously labored in the in- terest of th^ Unit's personnel and their families. A Roadside Picnic En Route to Touknoel Delightful walks and drives abounded in every direction from Chatel Guyon. The sur- rounding country xvas a checkerboard of tiny gardens, farms and vineyards, whose tillers lived in quaint unsanitary villages composed of houses xvith xvhite stone walls and red tiled roofs. The mountains, volcanic in origin, afforded successive views of defunct craters, rocky barrens, spruce and oak foliage, gorgeous yellow floxvers, an abundance of holly, and numerous waterfalls. In On Tower of Tournoel Picnic in Valley of the Prades 162 Patch-Work Gardens Mountain Scene Corniche Road Water Falls of Le Bout la Monde and San Souci Valleys French Street Market Wine Cellars at Vzsac Mistletoe in Apple Tree Mistletoe in Lo.xibardy Poplars Holly Background Le Bout la Monde Le Bout la Monde Table de Orientation r»iviov Hotel du Par; Twins. Andre and Pierre Source Louise Source Marguerite Hotel Conti nental A Corner of Park CHATEL GUYON PARK RlXER S.XRDON the valleys wild flowers flourished in great variety and profusion. The red poppy grew every- where. Mistletoe thrived in the apple orchards and in the Lombardv poplars which lined the public roads. Crucifixes xvere encountered at every turn. Chazeron and Tournoel were nearby chateaus. once powerful fortresses, but now in ruins. The mountain scenery along the winding Sioule River, about 30 kilometers distant, xvas particularly magnificent. The ruins of Chateau kocher, and Chateau Chauvigny overlook this river. The highest railroad bridge in Europe crosses over it, and an immense dam diverts its xvaters into an electric generating plant, which supplies the current at Chatel Guyon. The seeker after town life found many points of interest in nearby Riom, Clermont-Ferrand and Yichy, and xvhen on leave, at more distant places such as Paris, Marseilles, Xice, Ximes and Monte Carlo. THE WELFARE COMMITTEE In the early part of February, 1918, Mrs. Edward Martin, as Chairman, organized the Wel- fare Committee of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 xvith the folloxving personnel: Mrs. Edward Martin, Chairman Mrs. John Frederick Lexxis Mrs. John G. Clark, Vice-Chairman Mrs. Caleb F. Fox Mrs. J. William White, Treasurer Mrs. George Morris Piersol Miss Marion E. Smith, Secretary Mrs. J. B. Carnett Folloxving the resignation of Miss Marion E. Smith, Mrs. George Morris Piersol xvas ap- pointed Secretary, filling the office during the remaining time. Upon resignation of Mrs. J. William White in December, 1918, Mrs. Piersol also acted as Treasurer. The future activities of the Welfare Committee were outlined in the folloxving letter: 123 South 20th Street, Philadelphia, Pa. February 18, 1918. From: Director U. S. Army Base Hospital No. 20. To: Major Thomas H. Johnson, Commanding Officer, U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20, 32d St. and Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Subject: Welfare Committee of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20. 1. A "Welfare Committee for U. S. Army Base Hospital No. 20" has been organized under the Chairmanship of Mrs. Edxvard Martin. 2. This Committee will be the official American representative of our Unit while we are over- seas. 3. The Committee has undertaken to further the interests of our Unit in every possible way. 4. A central bureau has been established by this Committee in the University of Pennsylvania Hospital. All communications should be addressed to Mrs. Edward Martin, Chairman, Welfare Committee Base Hospital No. 20, University Hospital, 3400 Spruce Street, Phil- adelphia. Telephone communication may be obtained by calling Preston 4748 and asking for the Welfare Committee of Base Hospital No. 20. Any information that is available pertaining to the Unit may be obtained from this bureau at any time. 5. The Committee will serve as a bond of communication between our personnel "over there" and our families and friends here "at home." 6. Information as to the arrival of the Unit abroad will be cabled the Committee as soon as per- mitted by military regulations, and arrangements have already been made by the Commit- tee to transmit a copy of this message to each of the "next of kin" of our entire personnel. 7. A Community Letter will be sent from our Unit to this Committee at two weeks' intervals, and in addition to a general description of the Unit's affairs will contain specific informa- tion as to illness of any of the personnel. 8. An abstract or complete copy of each letter will be forwarded promptly by the Committee to the "next of kin" of each member of our personnel and to such other individuals as this privilege may be granted on th:ir making application to the Committee. 9. Copies of all communications from the Unit will be kept on file at the office of the bureau where they may be seen on personal application. 166 10. The Committee will make known the needs of the Unit from time to time, and will co-operate with any individual or organization desiring to extend material assistance to any phase of the I nit's xvork or recreation. 11. The Committee will transmit funds to the Unit as a whole or to any of its personnel. 12. Permission to use the name of the U. S. Army Base Hospital No. 20 of the University of Pennsylvania in soliciting funds or holding entertainments may be obtained only from the Welfare Committee. 13. The Committee has undertaken to keep the Unit supplied with reading material. Assistance from our friends might be extended to them in this direction, as well as in many others. 14. Request copy of this letter be posted on bulletin board at Armory with suggestion that each member of our personnel communicate its contents to his relatives and friends. (Signed) John B. Carnett, Major M. R. C, U. S. A. The Welfare Committee of I Case Hospital No. 20 functioned actively in America during the entire time Base Hospital No. 20 was in France. The Committee kept the Unit supplied with current magazines and medical journals. Before the transportation of packages was forbidden the Committee xvas very helpful in procuring and forxvarding special drugs and equipment for the use of the Unit. They received the "Community Letters" written in France, made mimeo- graph copies and forwarded them to each of the families of the Unit. They also served as the source of all news pertaining to the Unit. The \\ elfare Committee took a very active interest in securing payments of arrrears in allot- ment to the families of the Unit's personnel. The Committee also acted as the financial sponsor for the Unit. They received subscrip- tions for the Unit, conducted the collection of funds for the benefit of the Unit at intercollegiate athletic contests held on Franklin Field, and in the fall of 1918 by a special drive collected three thousand dollars for the patients and personnel of the Unit. By the time this sum reached France the Hospital xvas closing, and at the suggestion of the Committee the fund xvas expended for food and comforts for the personnel, mainly the enlisted men, during the twelve xveary weeks of their trip from Chatel Guyon to Philadelphia. The Committee's activities added greatly to the comfort and efficiency of the Unit personnel m France, and softened the hardships of war for their relatives in America. AMERICAN RED CROSS Captain John X. Ware, American Red Cross Representative, reported for duty at Base Hos- pital Xo. 20 on June 2, 1918. As no patients had arrived he devoted his attention to the com- fort of the Unit personnel. A sitting-room in the Nurses' Home was provided xvith curtains and a set of willow furni- ture xvas leased from the proprietors of the du Parc Hotel. Chairs and tables were leased, and a xveekly supply of magazines was furnished for the Officers' Quarters. Reading-rooms for the enlisted men were fitted up in the Villa Florence and Palais Royal by leasing thirty-six chairs and nine tables. They xvere kept supplied with reading material until the rooms had to be given up for hospital use to provide for the constantly arriving patients. A living-room was equipped for the officer patients at an expenditure of about three thousand francs for the purchase of chairs, tables and piano. This room was kept supplied xvith daily news- papers, magazines and writing materials. When the Red Cross Hut was leased and opened on July 10, 1918, the Misses Abbie and Edith McCammon and Miss Margaret Sullivan reported for duty as "workers," and later Miss Grace Risser xvas added to the staff as dietitian. The Hut xvas adapted to the needs of the pa- tients and enlisted personnel. It contained a library and reading room, writing room, sales can- teen, barber shop, and a large hall. In the latter moving pictures were presented five evenings each week. The same hall xvas frequently used in the afternoons for special entertainments got- ten up by the soldiers themselves under the direction of A. R. C. representatives. The Chaplain used the Hall on Sunday evenings for services and lectures. 167 Eater a kitchen was equipped to supply to the soldiers twice xveekly without expense cookies, doughnuts, jam-sandwiches, cocoa and coffee. Maseballs and bats; tennis nets, balls and rac- quets; and band instruments xvere furnished for the Unit personnel. About the middle of August the Red Cross took up the work of furnishing special diets to the convalescent patients. This particular branch of the service met with the approval ot the entire medical staff and the nurses. The demand for diets increased from day to day. At the time activities ceased it xvas furnishing an average of 175 diets each day. In extending aid to the sick and wounded patients, the cash expenditures netted each month as follows: For June .......................................... 515.30 francs I-"or lulv ......................................... 2137.75 francs For August ....................................... 9156.60 francs For September................................ ... 6600.45 francs For ()ctober ......................................13,875.50 francs For November ..................................... 9101.40 francs For December.....................................12.773.10 francs For January 1st to 16th ........................... 3667.95 francs making a total of.............................................57.828.05 francs Hi J A. R. C. Reading Room A. R. C. Cantekn The expenditures listed above do not include the tobacco, chocolate, Red Cross bags or any of the toilet articles furnished to patients in the Hospital, as these latter supplies were shipped from the Red Cross xvarehouses in Paris. The humane side of the Red Cross xvork in the Hospital meant much to the patients. The searchers and other personnel visited the Hospital daily, looking after the personal needs of the patients, xvriting letters for the men unable to do so for themselves, assisting them in getting their mail forxvarded to the Hospital, reporting to General Headquarters, through the Detach- ment Office, non-payment of allotments to their families, non-receipt of their pay, assisting them through the Home Communication Bureau of the Red Cross to get in touch with their families, and having telegrams censored and sent for them—in other xvords, trying to fill the place of xvife, mother and sister. The increased activities made it necessary to call for more helpers, and December 31st found the personnel consisting of: Captain John N. Ware, A. R. C. Miss A. L. Walsh Miss Margaret Sullivan Mrs. C. H. Lexvis Mrs. Ella May M'inert Mrs. Mary Moore Clark Miss Sarah I. Kennedy Michael Milaba 168 The Red Cross furnished the turkeys for the Thanksgiving dinner which included the entire American forces at Base Hospital No. 20, consisting of officers, nurses, enlisted men and patients. This required thirteen hundred kilos of dressed turkeys and six hundred kilos of chicken, costing 12,800 francs. In the afternoon there xvas a special entertainment at the Hut—boxing bouts, singing and dancing. The Christmas program xvas carried out by having a Christmas tree in every ward of the different hospitals—the trees were furnished by the Commanding Officer, Lieu- tenant Colonel Carnett, and the decorations xvere furnished by the Red Cross. The whole per- sonnel of the Hospital assisted in getting the Christmas socks ready for distribution, and special credit is due to the nurses for their co-operation. Each soldier received a pair of socks, contain- ing candy, oranges, nuts, cigarettes, handkerchiefs, cookies, matches and Red Cross Christmas cards. Christmas evening an entertainment xvas given by the enlisted men, the local theatre xvas rented by the Red Cross for this purpose. Another part of the work consisted in the women personnel meeting all trains,—greeting the incoming patients xvith a smile, and presenting chocolate and tobacco with that touch of sym- pathy xvhich only a woman can give. Then, too, when the soldiers xvere discharged from the Hos- pital and sent back to duty, the Red Cross representatives accompanied them to the train to say good-by and distribute tobacco and other little necessary comforts. What a comfort it must have been for the mother and family of each soldier to know that their boy had a woman's thoughtful attention even to his last hours—attending the funeral and placing flowers on the xvhite cross marking his grave. This one duty was never forgotten. Red Cross Hut Miss Emma Carson, V. W. C. A. THE Y. W. C. A. The American Young Women's Christian Association in France xvas represented at Base Hos- pital No. 20 bv Miss Emma Carson, xvho proved a very welcome addition to the official family. Her activities were mainly confined to the nurses. Unfortunately she did not arrive until two weeks before the armistice was signed, and various contemplated plans were abandoned because of the daily expectation of the departure of the Unit. As it was, she served tea every afternoon in the Nurses' Home, and was particularly helpful in looking after the interests of the sick nurses. THEATRICALS What the members of Base Hospital Xo. 20 accomplished medically during their successful ministrations in the World's War must not wholly overshadow their ability as mirth and music makers. From the day xvhen some 150 men xvere called from civilian life until these same men departed from France, an hour did not pass without a bit of innocent fun or a song from some individual. It soon became apparent on those bright November days of 1917, when the men re- 169 spcnded i<> the call for mobilization, that there xvas an abundance of theatrical talent in the organi- zation. The Unit immediately became one wholesome family. The most amusing incidents ot the mobilization xvere those of certain men previously of stage-life accustoming themselves to mops and brooms. The comedy that truly born entertainers put into these little exigencies proved that laughter would constantly displace heartaches. Base Hospital Xo. 20 men more than sub- stantiated the lastingly popular phrase of Shakespeare that "All the World's a Stage." Many a wounded soldier carried a captivating tune or a dramatic line back to his parents' fireside trom Chatel Guyon. that noted watering-place of France. Among the first soldiers to display their finished entertaining qualities xvere Sergeants Ralph Tomlinson and John W. Lott, the former by his gifted musical voice and the latter by his incom- parable humor. A committee xvas formed while still in training at Philadelphia to put on a play. The "Re- Taming of the Shrew," after short rehearsals on txvo afternoons, was produced under the direc- tion of Sergeant Kearney, at the Mercantile Hall, Philadelphia, one evening in February, a month or so prior to the sailing of the Unit for foreign service in France. A cast xvas hurriedly snatched from the personnel and costumes xvere procured on the double quick. The affair in ever}- respect proved successful. The cast for the "Re-Taming of the Shrexv" folloxvs as played at that time: Characters By Whom Kathryn ...........................................Sergeant John W. Lott Mariana...........................................Private, first class, Robert E. Shields Viola .............................................Private, first class, Thomas J. Johnston Desdeniona ........................................Sergeant Franklin Connor Lady Macbeth.....................................Sergeant Joseph Spiegel Petruchio..........................................Sergeant Benjamin James Angelo............................................Private, first class, William Culp Duke illyria .......................................Sergeant Frederick Heuer Macbeth...........................................Sergeant William Howard (irumio............................................Corporal Russell Mitchell The Butler ........................................Private Wilfred Mackin Hawaiian Romance "Breizien" ...........................Private, first class, Howard Mills "Jalgean" ...........................Private, first class, Donald Kennedy Natives in stringed band: Sergeant, first class, Herbert Casey, Sergeant Joseph Mosser, Ser- geant Reese Barkalow, Sergeant Richard Jones, Corporal Russell Mitchell, Private, first class, John Weldon, Private, first class, Frank Gardiner, Private, first class, David Thomas, Private, first class. Henry Paul Kelley, and Private Rufus Jones. Sergeant Frank Sturridge, I'rivate, first class. Henry Miller and Private, first class, Arthur Williams later became members of the Jazz band. Captain Alexander Randall was authorized later to give general direction for a musicale and dance which xvas billed as "The Follies of Base Xo. 20." Howard Mills' talent for classical dancing xvas displayed in a Haxvaiian setting for xvhich the Base No. 20 Jazz Band, then newly organized, played accompaniment. In connection xvith "The Follies of Base No. 20," Major Eldridge L. Eliason, Sergeant, first class. Henry Hagert, and Sergeant Frank Sturridge gave a gymnastic exhibition. Sergeant Ralph Tomlinson directed the musical programme and rendered classical solos. A quartette of vocalists originated at this time in xvhich sang Privates, first class, William Thaxter, John Wrel- don. Albert E. Barlett and Victor Chestnut. The "Follies" received very favorable comment from the theatrical critics. An appreciable sum of money xvas raised toward the xvelfare of the enlisted men of the Unit. 170 During the stay in Philadelphia the members of Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvere extensively en- tertained at the Philomusian Club on Walnut Street, xvhere many Sunday evening dinners and musicales were held in honor of the medical soldiers. Out of appreciation for the entertainment extended by the women of the Club, the men of the Unit gave a dance in their honor in the club ballroom. On the morning of the departure of the Unit from West Philadelphia Station, the first day of April, 1918, a brass band surrounded by hundreds of faithful relatives and friends cheered the medical corps boys as they boarded the train for Camp Merritt. While at Camp Merritt Sergeants Tomlinson, Lott and Dorizas, together xvith many other musical and athletic men, took active parts in the Y. M. C. A. entertainments. Shortly after reaching France the men of Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvere capably receiving at Chatel Guyon sick and xvounded Americans from the frontier battlefields. Almost with the same despatch brave Yanks xvere discarding canes and crutches in anxiety to visit the spacious dining- room of the Hotel du Parc xvhere the first entertainments were given. Following the departure of Captain Randall to other fields, Lieutenant Frederick Leavitt took up the supervision of enter- tainments. At the premiere performance at the du Parc Sergeants Tomlinson and Lott sang, danced, monologued and performed most entertainingly for the patients of the nexvly-created hospital. Each evening the French civilians,—men, women and children,—gathered around the barracks of the enlisted men to feast on the syncopation of the popular American Rag or to hear the soft, clear voice of a tenor or a baritone, and at the entertainments for the wounded they clamored for admittance to the du Parc show room. Each night's entertainment brought out new faces, nexv talent and new ideas of entertainment. A production of unsurpassable class was given at the end of the great xvar. Convalescent soldiers assisted in giving these performances. Tomlin- son searched out many a talented tenor and dancer from the hospital wards. Among the earlier patients at Base Hospital No. 20 was Joseph Greene, a first class musician connected xvith the headquarters company of the 28th Infantry. One of the great fun-making acts of the A. E. F. was the comedy. "Wounded and Wooed," put on by Greene and Lott, in xvhich the former xvent on as a black-faced blesse xvith the latter an ebony-hued nurse. The act went big at all shows, several of which were given at Vichy and Royat, the homes of other base hospitals. There xvere txvo other acts in xvhich the Greene-Lott combination rocked the xvalls of the du Parc xvith laughter. Sergeant Lott, in his very befitting black-face, took the part of a recruit in one quickly embodied sketch, and in another he went through an axvkward attempt at posting guard. While Sergeant Pierce V. Chaffin of the 30th Engineers xvas a patient for some time in Base Hospital No. 20 he delighted his felloxv-soldiers xvith his "Memphis Blues" and other southern melodies. Although recovering from gas poisoning, Adolph Seerth, Co. M. of the famous 28th Infantry, and well known in Philadelphia, left many a heart lighter xvith back-home songs familiar to the multitude. From time to time it xvas possible to put on a take-off from most any big act of the American vaudeville stage. The buck-and-xving dancer, the cloxvn, the Jexvish comedian, the circus barker, or the Italian street singer, were all in evidence. Occasionally an act of French or other for- eign production would be sandxviched into an evening's performance. Those patients who car- ried musical instruments through trench and barrack life generally favored upon suggestion. The addition of Samuel Cohen to the Unit proved a big theatrical asset. He frequently appeared in the same minstrel acts xvith Lott and Greene. The theatrical board worked up a climax xvhich was most befitting to the conclusion of affairs at Chatel Guyon. The dining-room of the Hotel du Parc proved too small to accommodate the crowds that visited performances. For a while entertainments were held in connection with the moving picture shews arranged by Bishop Israel, Captain Ware and Mrs. Ella May Minert at the Red Cross room located in an accessible section of the village. Bishop Israel shared in the toil of providing amusement. 171 Thanksgiving Day and Night xvere celebrated in good old American fashion. For the Christ- mas productions a large and attractive theatre—The Casino—situated in the heart of the famous resort xvas rented. The theatre had been closed for many months. One performance was announced tYr the latter part of Christmas afternoon for patients and another for the evening hours at xvhich the members of the Unit and allied guests were to attend. The entertainments were complete xvith mirth, popular music and classical dancing in xvhich several members of the Unit took feminine parts with the ease and grace of trained performers. The majority of the boys xvere unrecognizable to their associates in one particular setting: "Along tame Another Little Girl," re-arranged from a Dillingham production knoxvn as "Jack ( /Lan- tern." Sergeant Tomlinson, after great effort, obtained Ivan Caryll's delightful musical num- ber of the original Dillingham show from the States. Tomlinson attired in an immaculate sports attire led the singing and dancing, in xvhich, in turn, he danced with Sergeant, first class. Case}', Sergeant Ben James, Corporal Parker McConnel, Sergeant Joseph Spiegel, Sergeant Robert McMurtrie, Sergeant John Lott, Private, first class, Howard Mills and Private Willliam Mar- Christmas Night Performers Sergeant John Lott shall, all of xvhom assumed female parts. It was in this act that the talent of Mills and Lott showed prominently. Lott in his harem costume was particularly amusing, and Mills represented a vampire of captivating type. Sergeant Hoxvard L. Phillips in his talented manner furnished the music at the piano. Henry Siers. of the U. S. Marine Corps, opened the show with a song and dance act, some- what of the Nat Wills tramp nature. The Indianola number led by Joe Greene and a chorus of howling and dancing made-up Indians went over well, and the actors were called for repeated encores. Greene and Cohen appeared on the programme in a nifty, nonsense specialty in xvhich both xvorked black-faced. Cohen coming from the audience, after a pre-arranged set-to xvith I'rovost 172 Sergeant Evan Davies. This kept even the officers in doubt until the little comedian ascended to the runway and joined Greene in a very entertaining song and dance act. Their dance xvent over big, by reason of the fact that Cohen changed to Mammy Jinny attire, and to the tune of Dixie Military Ball danced a Darktown Jazz with his partner. Private Mills carried the crowd along with his classical dancing act, in which he appeared with Sergeant, first class, Joe Thomas, who accompanied on the ukulele. Mills fairly carried the throng to Honolulu with his execution of the native "cootch," attired in native garb. Sergeant John Lott, in the role of an extemporaneous monologist and attired in baby's ap- parel, made the most of a wonderful opportunity to haze the officers and nurses seated in the front rows and in the artistic boxes. The next big number of the holiday show was called "Rosenbaum's Christmas," participated in by Lott, Mills and Joe Spiegel. The affair ended with a Gazzotsky Dance, in which Greene and Cohen executed some difficult steps, and concluded with a thunderous fake fall by Greene. Mrs. Ella May Minert presented a striking spectacle in herself. Attired in evening dress, tout blanche, she sang in her well-trained voice and was recalled for most every number. The Jazz Band at this entertainment filled all spare moments and Horace J. Emerson, at- tached patient, "ragged" the piano on opening spells. The entertainment was such a success that Lieutenant Colonel J. I). Carnett had it reproduced during Noel week and the same show was given for the patients in hospitals in Vichy. The programme as arranged for Holiday show: BIG CHRISTMAS SHOW December 25, 1918 Directed by Sergeant Ralph Tomlinson CASINO THEATRE, CHATEL GUYON, FRANCE By Members and Patients of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 1. INDIANOLA—Entire Company. 2. Henry Siers—Song and Dance. Base Xo. 20 Jazz Band. 3. ALOXG CAME AXOTHER LITTLE GIRL—Ralph Tomlinson and Chorus. Herbert Casey Parker McConnell Benjamin James Howard Mills John Lott Joseph Spiegel Robert McMurtrie William Marshall 4. Joe Greene and Sam Cohen SPECIALTY. Base Xo. 20 Jazz Band. 5. Howard Mills and James Thomas in HAWAIIAN SONGS AND DANCES. 6. John Lott—IMPERSONATIONS. Base No. 20 Jazz Band. 7. ROSENBAUM'S CHRISTMAS. Joe Greene Howard Mills Sam Cohen Joe Spiegel John Lott Finale: Base Xo. 20 Jazz Band. THEATRE AXD COSTIAIES SECURED THROUGH COURTESY OF AMERICAX RED CROSS Shortly after the Unit arrived in the Embarkation Area, they staged an excellent shoxv at the Red Cross hut in Clisson. Subsequently the troupe entertained American troops awaiting homeward transportation at Tiffauges, Torfou, Getigne and Cugand. The "theatres" at nearly all these places were improvised. At Torfou, for instance, the show xvas given in the market 173 house ; the stage consisted of planks laid loosely on trestles; exit steps xvere piled-up soap boxes; the foot-lights xvere candles in tin cans; and the curtains xvere shelter-halves. Cattle had been moved out an hour previously to make room for the barnstormers. Just prior to leaving Clisson the troupe exchanged their hard billets for a week of luxury in the leading hotel in Xantes—at the expense of the Red Cross—xvhile the folloxving cast pre- sented "The hollies of Base Hospital Xo. 20" at the American camps in and near the city: took John W. Johnson at the Piano. Vocal Solo........................... ................Private, first-class, Leban Schlosser Oriental and Other Dances ............ .................. Private, first-class. Howard Mills Child Impersonations .............................................Sergeant John W. L< >tt Flack-face Monologue................................... Private, first-class Samuel Cohen Specialty, "Along Came Another Little Girl".....Sergeants Herbert Casey, Hiram 15. Eliason, Benjamin James, Joseph Spiegel, Privates, first-class, Hoxvard Mills and Thomas Johnson Sketch, "Jackey's Return From France".........................Sergeants Benjamin James, John W. Lott, Joseph Spiegel, Privates, first-class. Hoxvard Mills and Samuel Cohen Sheet Iron Quartet....................................................I 'rivates, first-class, Victor I. Chestnut, Albert F. Barlett. Walter Aldridge, and Private Henry J. Carroll Sketch. "Wounded and Wooed"............Sergeants John W. Lott and Robert F. McMurtrie ORCHESTRA Early in the existence of Base Hospital No. 20 the enlisted men, musically inclined, organized an orchestra. This was done primarily to furnish music for a dance for the officers and nurses xvhen their expected music disappointed them. The piano was an antiquated one, out of tune, and the drum xvas made from a banjo head. The other instruments were brought from the The Orchestra States by the men themselves. Sheet music xvas not obtainable, but this made little difference, except that it curtailed the program somexvhat. Later the Red Cross furnished a drum set. The orchestra assisted Friday evenings at the weekly entertainments given for the benefit of the patients. They also xvere most obliging and accommodating in furnishing the music for numerous dances held bv the officers and nurses. Personnel: Mandolins— Richard Jones Frank Gardiner Banj Frank Sturridge Joe Mosser Arthur Williams Ukuleles— Russell Mitchell Rufus Jones Herbert Casey Piano— Paul Kelley Drums— David Thomas 174 BASEBALL The record of Base Flospital No. 20's baseball team is one that can be regarded with satis- faction. Despite considerable difficulty and inconvenience the team played xvonderfully xvell and pulled through the entire schedule with but one defeat. Army regulations, the excitement of the xvar and hospital work all detracted from the interest of baseball. Never was there any practice, which is so essential, indulged in except during the last txvo weeks, and that went for naught as rain twice interfered at Vichy with the final game. The players were first assembled at Camp Merritt under the leadership of Private John S. Scott. The success of the team xvas due in a large measure to his playing and supervision. There was an abundance of good baseball material in the organization, including several well- known college and preparatory school stars. Among them were Durbin of Swarthmore, Scott and Weldon of Lafayette, Welles of Exeter, Miller, Ouigley and Bell of Pennsylvania. The games played at Camp Merritt were all xvith weak opponents, which resulted in large, one-sided scores. Unfortunately, arrangements could not be made to meet some of the high- calibre teams around Xexv York. After leaving Camp Merritt baseball was forgotten until the work of getting the Hospital started at Chatel Guyon xvas finished. The hilly country around Chatel Guyon was not suited for baseball, but after long inactivity the team journeyed to Clermont and in the initial game in France showed good form, winning easily 7-1. The same Aviation team was beaten in the second game 8-1 ; and in the third and fourth the Artillery team was the victim by 5-0 and 8-2 scores. Welles pitched steady ball in all,these games, despite ragged support at times. Baseball Team Returning from Ball Game Then came the natural rivals, Base Hospital Xo. 30—a game which aroused considerable en- thusiasm, xvith the patients of both hospitals joining in. The men from Base Hospital Xo. 20 who took the trip xvith the team to Michelin Field in Clermont-Ferrand xvere treated to one of the most exciting diamond fights that they had witnessed. With Hawkins of Base Hospital No. 30 and Welles of the Base Xo. 20 aggregation both pitching steady ball, the game grexv intense with our rivals always in the lead with one run. The climax came in the ninth inning when I fawkins on his mound position "blew" and Xo. 20 pushed four runs across the plate, xvinning the game xvith a 6-3 score. The three runs scored by Base No. 30 players xvere the results of eriors behind Welles. The second game with No. 30 was played two weeks later on their diamond in Clermont- Ferrand, and this match brought to light the heavy hitting qualities of No. 20. Base No. 30 started with five runs in the first inning and by the end of the third inning had an 8-to-l lead. An avalanche of hits and runs was started by Base Xo. 20 and the game ended with the latter again being victors by 17-8. "Bill" Durbin pitched a fairly good game in the absence of Welles. Miller made txvo spec- tacular running catches in the field. The team was weakened by the loss of "Bert" Bell and "Clavt" Welles, xvho had left the Unit on detached service. 175 The only defeat of the season suffered by the Xo. 20 diamond artists xvas at Vichy, xvhere they l"st the game 1-0 in a nicelx-played seven-inning struggle. After a lay-off of three xveeks the T.ase Xo. 20 batters were unable to see Thomas' southpaw curves. It was a pitcher's duel be- tween Thomas and Durbin; both allowed but 2 hits in the 7 innings, and xvere given almost er- rorless fielding support. A xvell-timed and placed hit scored the only run of the game, and although Xo. 20 had numerous men on bases the tying run xvas never scored. The season ended xvith the taste of this defeat still fresh as the team held batting practice and xvas out for revenge for this one defeat of the season. Rain interfered on the two occa- sions the return game was scheduled to be played. The season opened again on March 7, 1919, xxith the Unit in the Embarkation Area at Clisson. Here they played the first game with a Trench Mortar battery and defeated them at Getinge, near Clisson, xvith a score of 8-3. Base Hospitals Xo. 30 and No. 20 again came to bat on Sunday, March 16th, in a one-sided game, resulting in defeat for Base Hospital Xo 30 of 13 to 1. A combination team was formed at Clisson consisting of the picked members of several organizations billeted there. Among the men selected from Base Xo. 20 xvere Durbin, Scott and Weldon. Several games were scheduled to be played by this team against a similar combination team from Xantes, but owing to the rain only one game was played, on Saturday, April 5th. The Xantes team xvas late in arriving and the game only xvent for four innings, but by that time the Clisson team laid up a score of 13 to 2. Indoor baseball became very popular and games were scheduled and played for each billet, but a final decision xvas never given as to which billet had the best team. TENNIS There xvere three tennis courts within one hundred yards of the officers' and men's quarters. One of these xvas rented by the U. S. Army as part of the premises of the Hotel Splendid. Early in the summer the game was taken up by officers, nurses and men. A few of the Unit men had brought rackets from the States and some rackets and tennis supplies were in the hos- pital equipment. These were supplemented by additional gifts from the Red Cross and the Unit athletic fund. International Tennis Players Officer Tennis Squad Allotted time xvas given the officers, nurses and men during xvhich they had the use of the courts. X«>t infrequently the officers and nurses played together. International competition was available due to the presence among the summer visitors of several good French players of both sexes. Frequently, many wishing to play had to accommodate themselves on the public court a few yards distant. 176 BASKETBALL Although Ease Hospital Xo. 20 had enrolled with it many stars in collegiate football and basketball their army duties and hospital work occupied their time so fully that they xvere pre- vented from forming teams in France. This state of affairs xvas alxvays a source of regret to the entire organization. During the period of mobilization in Philadelphia during the xvinter of 1917-1918 the Unit's Basketball team successfully overcame several local teams. SWIMMING POOL Explorers in the valley of the Sans Souci early discovered a cement reservoir about five hundred yards distant from Chatel Guyon. This reservoir supplied the railroad and had a diam- eter of fifty yards and a depth of seven feet. A constant stream of clear, cold xvater flowed into the reservoir from the adjacent Sans Souci Springs. Policing the Pool The Bathers Winter Scene THE SWIMMING POOL Base Hospital No. 20 was given permission to use it as a swimming pool. Different hours were assigned for nurses, officers, enlisted men and patients. Swimming proved a most popular pastime during the hot summer months. FRENCH WAR ORPHANS' FUND The French War Orphans' Fund was initiated by the "Stars and Stripes" as a special Thanksgiving, 1918, donation. The idea was weil received at Base Hospital No. 20 and a com- mittee appointed to canvass and receive donations. Chaplain Rogers Israel was the treasurer. The fund of 7,500 francs turned in represented a collection from the 350 officers, nurses and enlisted men and attached units of Base Hospital Xo. 20. Patients in the Hospital were not permitted to contribute. Base Hospital Xo. 20 prides itself on the adoption of its fifteen French War Orphans. 177 THE MEDICAL SOCIETY Soon after the Hospital opened a medical society xvas started among the Medical Officers for the purpose of holding bi-monthly scientific meetings to discuss Medical and Medico - Military problems. The two nearby hospital Medical Staffs were invited to become members of this organization, but only one of them, Base Hospital Xo. 30, accepted the invitation. The first meeting was held in the Roentgen-ray laboratory xvith Major Piersol presiding and Lieutenant Leavitt acting as secretary. Papers were read by Captains Musser and I Cites and Lieutenants Payne, Strode, Randall and Leavitt, and a demonstration of some Roentgen plates xvas given by Captain Zulick. The next meeting on July 10, 1918, took place in the dining room of the Officers' Quarters and xvas attended by the members of Base Hospitals No. 20 and Xo. 30. Papers xvere read by Major Eliason, and Lieutenants Birdsall and Leavitt. The third meeting xvas held August 14. 1918, at which time Major Piersol, Captain Edwards and Captain Woods presented three interesting subjects. Meetings of this organization xvere then suspended oxving to the ordering to the front of the larger part of the Medical Officers, the staff being reduced to eleven. About the middle of September, some of the original officers having returned and some ten casual medical officers being attached to the unit for duty, regular meetings of the medical staff xvere resumed for the purpose of giving instructions in the management and treatment of sick and xvounded soldiers, of reporting and discussing' unusual cases, of having talks by the officers upon phases of military surgery observed elsewhere and of presenting studies upon cases or groups of cases. These meetings were held every Wednesday night, all medical officers being required to attend, and xvere continued every week as long as the organization held together. Major Piersol xvas elected president and xvhen he xvas detached from the Unit, Lieutenant Colonel Carnett took his place. Captain Musser was responsible for the preparation of the xveekly program. Each officer xvas required to present some subject when called upon to do it. and every officer at one time or another did so. These weekly meetings xvere of great value and of interest to all the officers. They were thus enabled to know what the several departments xvere doing, to learn how they were treating their cases and to hear from the officers xvho had worked in field and evacuation hospitals just what kind of xvork xvas done there and how it xvas done. The meetings were very broadening and xvell worth xvhile. The hospital xvork xvas more closely collaborated than it xvould have been without these meetings to bind together the officers so that they could work with better and closer knowledge of xvhat the other departments were doing. In addition to adding to the scien- tific xvork of the organization the Hospital xvas materially benefited by the meetings, as each officer xvas obliged to make a report upon some phase of his duties xvhen requested to do so. This obligation xvas conducive to a more careful study of the cases than might possibly have oc- curred otherxvise, as no officer wished to present a poorly worked-up contribution to the mem- bers of the society. Officers' Medical Society French History Class 178 CLASSES After the signing of the armistice and the xvork at Base Hospital No. 20 began to diminish. Major Eliason arranged for a course in anesthesia for twenty nurses xvho desired to avail them- selves of the opportunity to learn something of general anesthesia. Lieutenant Goldsmith de- livered a series of lectures on the subject. The class xvas also given practical instruction in ether, Depage and gas-oxygen anesthesia on the operating days. Unfortunately this continued only for a week or ten days xvhen all the patients xvere evacuated and operating ceased. A course in French History xvas arranged by Captain George K. Strode. Meetings xvere held xveekly in the nurses' home and a given period of French History was assigned to an officer who prepared a suitable paper. Captain G. K. Strode, Lieutenant F. H. Leavitt, Captain Philip F. Williams and Captain J. C. Birdsall presented on succeeding weeks very excellent re- sumes of periods of the history of France from its early beginning down through Napoleon's life time. The history class xvas a popular one and it was with regret that it too xvas early brought to a close by the Unit's departure from Chatel Guyon. A third lecture course open to the nurses dealt with medical and surgical care of patients in the front areas. Major E. L. Eliason gave the first talk on the "Care of the Wounded in Evacuation Hospitals." Major William H. Speer, who xvas assigned to Base Hospital No. 20 in December for duty, followed xvith a talk on "Field Hospitals and Their Functions." The third, and as it proved, the final talk, because of the departure of the Hospital, was given by Major J. H. Musser on "The Treatment of Shock in the Front Area Hospitals." These ad- dresses were very instructive and interesting, especially for the nurses who had not had the opportunity to go to the front with surgical or medical teams. Plans for classes in elementary and advanced subjects for the enlisted men were being pre- pared xvhen orders arrived to leave Chatel Guyon. DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSSES Base Hospital Xo. 20 had the honor of presenting three Distinguished Service Crosses : This was done on txvo different occasions, on December 4, 1918. to Richard J. Ryan, Captain, 165th Infantry, Cross Xo. 360; and to John Nayazyna, Gunnery Sergeant, 6th Regiment, U. S. M. C, Cross No. 97; and on January 10, 1919/to Dana F. Trimble, Sergeant, Co. B, 1st Engineers, Cross Xo. 571. At both these presentations everything was done to make the ceremonies as impressive as possible. The officers and nurses xvere in formation, the enlisted personnel were lined up, the Detachment Commander, Lieutenant Stem, presented the men to be honored to the Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Carnett: the Senior Officer of the organization, Major Eliason, read the citations, the Commanding Officer fastened the Crosses on the left breast of the officer and men xvho had served their country xvith distinction ; the officer and men remaining xvith the Commanding Officer while troops passed in reviexv. Captain Richard J. Ryan was cited, due to extraordinary heroism shoxvn on July 28. 1918. in an attack across River Ourcq, near Villers-sur-Fere, France, in which he led his company for- ward in face of extremely heavy artillery and machine gun fire, and, although three times, xvounded, refused to be evacuated, remaining xvith his company until it xvas xvithdrawn. Gunnery Sergeant John Nayazyna received his Cross due to the same heroic spirit shoxvn at a critical time in an assault against Tigny, France, on July 19, 1918. xvhen he fearlessly set such an example of personal bravery and determination by moving up and doxvn his lines to steady his men and thereby so encouraged and inspired them that they xvent forward against heavy odds and gained and held their objective. Sergeant Dana F. Trimble received his decoration due to his valorous conduct near Soissons, France, July 20, 1918, xvhen he volunteered and obtained consent of his Company Commander to recover xvounded from an exposed area in front of the lines. He "carried on" in face of a violent bombardment and stopped only xvhen he himself had been severely wounded. 179 lleutenant-colonfe carnett plnning crosses on captain rvan and Sergeant Nayazyna LlEUTEANT-CoLONEL CARNETT PlNNING CkOSS ON SERGEANT TRIMBLE Officers Saluting "To the Colors" Detachment Passing in Review PRESENTATION OF DISTINGUISHED SERVICE CROSSES CELEBRATIONS I H.ioration Day. The first celebration of any kind held by l.ase Hospital Xo. 20 in France has been described ebexvhere (p. -vS) in connection xvith the formal opening of the Hospital mii Mav 30. FM8. Aviation Camp at Aulnat Aulnat Aviation Field Japanese Wrestling Match, May 30, 1918 Pie-Eating Contest, Aviation Camp Flowers Presented by French, July 14, 1918 Thanksgiving Dinner, Ward A, nu Parc In the afternoon of the same day the personnel of Base Hospital Xo. 20 attended the Franco- American field sports at the American Aviation Camp at Aulnat. Several members of the Unit participated in the various athletic contests. Aviators gave exhibitions of fancy flving. Officers and nurses xvere entertained at dinner and an evening dance by the Aviators. Ever thereafter the Xurses' Home of I!ase Hospital Xo. 20 seemed to exert a peculiar fascination over the Aviation Officers. Independence Day. Eess formal xvere the exercises held to commemorate Independence Day. In the morning a reception for all sick and visiting French officers at Chatel Guyon xvas given at the Hotel du Parc by the Officers of Base Hospital Xo. 20. Early in the afternoon 162 the French officers entertained the American officers at the Hospital Temporaire, Xo. 69. Here an address of welcome and congratulations was given by the French Commanding Officer which was acknowledged and returned by Lieutenant Colonel Johnson. Again at 5 P. M. the officers were the guests at a public reception held at the Casino, at xvhich addresses xvere made by both the Mayor of Chatel Guyon and Lieutenant Colonel Johnson. Bastille Day. Somewhat similar was the celebration of the Fall of the Bastille on July 14th. An informal reception and supper was tendered to the French Officers, the Mayor and several of the citizens of Chatel Guyon. This was held out-doors in the small garden of the Offi- cers' Quarters, the Hotel des Princes. All Saints Day. The next celebration xvas held on November 1st in commemoration of All Saints Day. Exercises xvere held and addresses made in French by Major Piersol and the Mayor of Chatel Guyon at both the American and French cemeteries. Armistice Day. During the day of November 10th many rumors reached Chatel Guyon that the armistice had been signed. The French believed it to be true and an impromptu cele- bration started. The whole town was decorated with flags of all the Allies, those of France and the United States predominating. In the evening the real celebration started. About twenty-five American convalescent sol- diers started to parade. Before they had gone a quarter of a mile their number had reached sev- eral hundred Americans and an equal number of French men, women and children. As they xvent by each hospital building there was a general turnout of every American blesse that could xvalk. By the time they reached the main street there xvere over a thousand in line, the xvhole parade being led by a squad of Americans on crutches, who set the pace as if none of their legs was miss- ing or injured. They xvere everywhere met xvith cheers from the crowd xvhich lined the side- xvalks. Following the crutch squad came an impromptu drum corps xvho set the cadence. Real drums being lacking, one bright soul raided the mess department and procured four large hard-tack tins. Each tin xvas carried betxveen two soldiers, the drummer marching behind and beating the tin xvith sticks. Then followed practically every American and French soldier in Chatel Guyon who xvas alloxved out of bed. The next morning the official news of the armistice was received and the Mayor of the town ordered all the church bells to be rung. The toxvn was officially decorated and an arch erected across the Avenue Baraduc. Lights xvere strung across the streets and in the trees; flags and bunting xvere everywhere. That night another parade xvas organized, but this one marched to real band music. There xvere no band instruments at Base Hospital No. 20, but plenty of musicians, xvbile at the French Hospital there was a whole set of instruments but no musicians. The Americans soon procured the instruments and started out to lead the parade. The band did splendidly on tunes such as "Over There" and the "Madelon," but their intentions xvere better than their execution xvhen they attempted the "Marseillaise" and the "Star Spangled Banner" in front of the residence of the Mayor. But the croxvd sang just as fervently as if Sousa himself had been leading them. The Mayor came out on a balcony and made a short patriotic speech which the Americans ap- plauded whenever he paused, as if they understood it. The parade then continued amid colored lights and cheering and much hilarity until Taps, when the M. P.'s saw that all the Americans xvere tucked into bed. Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving Day marked the most spontaneous and care-free of all the various festivities held by Base Hospital No. 20. It marked not only a Thanksgiving for peace and victory, but a reunion of the hospital staff, many of whom had been detached for months. Informal exercises were held in the morning, and in the evening nurses and officers gathered for a Thanksgiving dinner, at which xvas announced the engagement of Major F. E. Keene to Mile. Marthe Bussiere. Miss Williams and Miss Heatley distinguished themselves as 183 American Cemetery—Mayor oe Chatel (Juyon Speakini French Cemetery—Major Piersol Speaking American Cemetery—Major Piersol Delivering Address ALL SAINTS DAY, NOVEMBER 1, 1918 Hallowe'en Dance 1 A *• ■jLdMbfer1 mw mm B§ ; i Lid Pel Community Xmas Tree Xmas Grab-Bag Party Interior of Catholic Chapel Santa Claus in Nurses' Ineirmary ;av American Santa Claus and French Kiddies A Ward Christmas Tree Collecting; Christmas Trees Christmas Tree in Thermalia Christmas Tree. Ward C. Splendid CHRISTMAS, 1918 Christmas Eve Dam e after-dinner speakers. The men and patients had their elaborate Thanksgiving dinner during the day. Christmas Day. It xvas the desire of all that Christmas should be celebrated as nearly as possible in the true American manner. With this in view everyone helped. All the hospital buildings were decorated xvith holly and mistletoe and each xvard had a trimmed tree. On Christmas Eve the nurses gave a dance, in the du Parc, for their own and visiting officers. A decorated and illuminated tree stood in one corner. During the evening a "grab bag" xvas brought in and every one was fortunate in getting one or more presents. Before dawn on Christmas morning a group of nurses made the rounds of the hospital build- ings singing Christmas carols. On Christmas morning, Santa Claus, Sergeant John W. Lott, made the rounds, presenting gifts to all patients and men of the Hospital. These gifts of candy, fruit, nuts, etc., in socks, were presented by the Red Cross. The enlisted personnel and patients were given a turkey dinner at mid-day and attended the theatrical play by the enlisted men at the Casino. In the late afternoon, as it grew dark, the juvenile population of Chatel Guyon, under the age of ten years, xvere the guests of Base Hospital Xo. 20 at a tree celebration. For this pur- pose, a large spruce tree in the park, just beside the du Parc hotel, xvas equipped with colored electric lights. After some singing by the French children and the American nurses, and a short speech by the Cure, each child xvas presented with a package of candy, furnished by the Red Cross. Santa Claus presided here also, much to the delight of the kiddies, xvho had been told that the war had stopped Santa's visits prior to this time. On Christmas night the officers and nurses had a turkey dinner in the du Parc, after which many of them attended the play given by the enlisted men at the Casino. SOCIAL STATUS CHANGES With the signing of the armistice battle casualties ceased, but there developed a note worth)' increase in the number of D. A. H. cases at Base Hospital No. 20. The physicians and surgeons seemed unable to control the situation and referred the patients to the Chaplains for remedial treatment. Major Floyd E. Keene of the Unit and Mile. Marthe Bussiere of Chatel Guyon were the first victims. Public notice of their affection xvas given at the Thanksgiving dinner. Mile. Bussiere was presented xvith a huge bunch of American beauty roses and, for the control of her husband- to-be, a riding crop, xvhich had seen service at the front. Chaplain Preusser and Mayor Leva- doux applied the appropriate balm on January 27, 1919, and the happy couple proceeded to Vichy to convalesce. On December 5, 1918, at a goose dinner given by the nurses, Captain George K. Strode and Miss Elizabeth Coombs announced their intention of continuing for life the partnership be- gun as members of Medical Emergency Team No. 116. Their marriage took place in Hanover, Penna., on May 22, 1919. Captain Joseph C. Birdsall and Miss Anna Newman, both of the Unit, had the marital knot doubly tied on Nexv Year's Day by visits to Dr. Levadoux at the Mairie and to Chaplain Israel at the Protestant Chapel. At a dinner in the Nurses' Home on February 5, 1919, Major William Bates and Miss Marie A. Bergstresser, both of the Unit, xvere the recipients of heartiest felicitations on the announce- ment of their engagement, which terminated at a church in Harrisburg, Penna., on June 7, 1919. Lieutenant Colonel Sylvester Bonnaffon of the Regular Army and Miss Letitia Gallagher of the Unit had been sweethearts in pre-war days in Philadelphia. They were married at Chatei Guvon, France, on February 1, 1919, and after a xvedding breakfast at the Nurses' Home de- parted for Vichy. 187 . Oh .. ; t. ■■Sggr-*V Miss Nell Howard of the Unit was married to Lieutenant Selby E. Coffman at Bordeaux, France, on April 4, 1919. Sergeant Jerome V. Fite and Miss Hazel E. White of the Unit exhibited their first symptoms in France, but were not married until July 26, 1919, in Portland, Oregon. It is urgently recommended to the attention of the Surgeon General of the U. S. Army that in the event of any future foreign xvars the appointment of a Marital Officer, trained in inter- national marriage laxvs, is every bit as important as that of a Mess Officer for each Base Hospital. The crop of Unit babies, if not prodigious, xvas most satisfactory in quality. The first arrival was Marie Dwyer, c/o Lt., then Corporal James A. Dwyer on January 8, 1918, xvhile the Unit was hibernating at the First State Armory in Philadelphia. The following were the unconscious causes of impromptu and considerably delayed-in-the-mail celebrations at Chatel Guyon: Barbara Jean Zli.ick, Born May 7, 1918. William Bemext Stem, Born May 13, 1918. Thomson Edxvards, Jr., Born October 22, 1918. Axx Rodgers Baer, Born November 11, 1918. Alan Churchill Woods, Jr., Born July 1, 1918. Abbie Dale Hopkinson, Born November 14, 1918. George Malcolm Laxvs, Jr., Born January 4, 1919. At last reports they xvere all "Doing nicely, thank you." CHATEL GUYON AND SURROUNDING TOWNS Chatel Guyon, the home of Base Hospital No. 20 during its stay in France, is a village of some 2,000 inhabitants. The village takes its name from a Chateau Castrum Guidonis, later Chatel Guion, built by Guy II, Duke of Auvergne, in 1195, on top of a hill called Calvary, about which the present toxvn is centered. King Phillipe Auguste took possession of this fort- ress in 1213 and presented it to the family of Autier de Villemonte in appreciation of the favors they had rendered him in his struggle against Flenry IV. The house of Villemonte xvas suc- ceeded by that of Chazeron, xvhose ancient castle still stands on a mountain not far from Chatel Guyon. Later this castle passed into the hands of the house of Monestay, in whose possession it remained until 1789. The village is divided into txvo distinct parts, the one being built about Calvary and the other, of more recent construction, comprising the immediate vicinity of the park, with, its springs, bathing establishments and hotels. The former, xvith its narroxv, xvinding streets, low, stone houses and red-tiled roofs is typical of the quaint, insanitary villages throughout the Au- vergne. The hill, known as Calvary because of the large cross placed on its summit in 1885 to commemorate a religious fete, dominates the entire toxvn and surrounding country, and from it one can see mile after mile of mountains and plains dotted over xvith villages and patchwork farms. At the base of Calvary is the parish church built in 1847, and legend has it that the ruins of the Castle of Guy II were used in its construction. The main avenue of the village, called Avenue Baraduc, leads from the railway station to the park and contains many of the best shops and several of the larger hotels. The station is a beautiful structure of xvhite stone and is un- usually large for so small a village; it xvas ideally adapted to the reception of hospital trains and the evacuation of convalescent troops. To the right of Avenue Baraduc lies the village proper, xvith its labyrinth of streets and by-xvays clustered xvith the houses of the villagers; to the left are densely wooded hills and the park xvhich contains the bathing establishments and is the center of attraction and amusement during the season. Because of the medicinal properties ascribed to its waters, Chatel Guyon is xvell knoxvn throughout France, and its fame has extended even to foreign countries, so that in pre-xvar days it attracted visitors from all parts of the world. From the remains of ruins found from time to time, it is evident that these xvaters xvere used by the Romans during their invasion. Apparently forgotten in the middle ages, the xvaters again came into favor during the eighteenth century, 189 2 O > o w < u Palace Hotel, Belgian Refugees' Quarters La Restauration ^3mm •>»- (Bi£ iaiSN BP^? * f-^l «"*-ri"^1rr^i .11 H Hotel Continental French Hospital Cafe Brazil Hotel D'Europe CHATEL GUYON Hotels du Parc, des Princes. Dueaud Sergeant Dorizas and His Pets Community Washtub Community Washtub House on Axenue Baraduc Delivering French Bread xvhen only one spring xvas known. Four other springs xvere discovered in 1777 and popular- ized through the xvritings of Dr. Deval (1817-1857). In 1817, the town of Chatel Guyon built a small bathing establishment xvhich was later purchased by the Brosson brothers who, about 1840, added a second bath establishment. At the base of the pine-covered hill, Chalusset, with its shaded, xvinding promenades, is the park containing the two bathing establishments, the mineral springs, the Casino, many small shops and the tennis courts. Through the park runs what in America would be called a brook, but in France is dignified by the name of the River Sardon, a rapidly flowing stream of crystal clear water. The natural beauty of the park has been enhanced by tasteful gardening and the American convalescent soldiers found it a delightful spot for both rest and recreation. Chatel Guyon boasts of thirty-three springs, yielding over 1,200,000 gallons of water a day, the temperature varying from 75 to 100 degrees F. Of these springs, five—Marguerite, Louise, Germaine, Yvonne, and Deval—are used for drinking purposes and to each is accredited prop- erties applicable to the treatment of different affections of the gastro-intestinal tract. Each spring opens into a stone basin, picturesquely housed in a small grotto or rustic arbor. The xvater from the other springs, xvith the exception of the xvell-known Gubler, which is used for bottling, is collected in large reservoirs, and used for bathing purposes. The medicinal value of Chatel Guyon waters is ascribed to their high content of free carbonic acid, magnesium and sodium chloride. The nexver and larger bathing establishment—Nouveaux Thermes—is a handsome structure of xvhite stone covering about 20,000 square feet, and contains 130 tiled cabinets, xvith sunken porcelain bath tubs. A special feature of these baths is that they are given xvith running water at its natural temperature of about 93 degrees F., so that on the average txvo hundred gallons of xvater is used for one bath. In a second pavilion, Etablissement Henry, are appliances for giving various forms of treatment supplementing the baths, such as massage, electricity, and hydro-therapy. As a place of amusement and relaxation, the Casino of the style of Louis NV was built near the Xouveaux Thermes, and includes a theatre, of 500 seating capacity, a restaurant, card room, xvriting rooms and a large lecture room. During the summer seasons, a varied musical, operatic and theatrical programme is presented, composed of prominent local as xvell as imported talent. A total of about thirty thousand visitors came to Chatel Guyon each summer season before the xvar began. In recent years hotels have been built to accommodate about one thousand guests. The best hotels are situated in the immediate vicinity of the park. Since the war began only a few hotels, including the big Continental, have been open to guests, the remainder having been taken over by the French and later by the American governments for hospitals or for hous- ing French and I Belgian refugees. Base Hospital No. 20 acquired over thirty hotels and villas for its patients and personnel, and still others were retained by the French for their sick and xvounded and for Belgian refugees. CHAZERON The feudal chateau of Chazeron stands behind Chatel Guyon on a commanding eminence over 2,000 feet high. The chateau shows distinctly three types of architecture:—the donjon tower of the thirteenth century, the white-faced towers of the main building of the fifteenth century and the lateral xvings of the style of Louis XIV. To the hiker who climbs the hill and rounds the last sloping turn a beautiful picture presents itself. Behind a fine iron grille and gate lies a large grass-covered courtyard xvith an ancient xvell in the center. Beyond the well may be seen a wide flight of dark stone steps surmounted by a turreted square donjon tower. The courtyard is flanked on either side by lateral xvings adjoining the white-faced walls of the earlier structure. To the west of the toxyer are the remains of the old moat. The whole chateau is set in a grove of dense pine xvoods. Little is left of the furnishings, but the chapel is xvell preserved and has an 193 interesting rood screen xvith the arms of the Chazeron family carved in wood above it. Rickety -tairs lead to the top of the donjon toxver from xvhich a wonderful view is obtained of the valley in the foreground and of the territory around Tournoel, Manzat and the Lake of Tazenat in the distance. Chateau Chazeron Chateau Tournoel TOURNOEL The imposing ruins of Chateau Tournoel, of feudal days, stands on the spur of the mountain, Puy de Banniere, about an hour's walk from Chatel Guyon. It dates from the eleventh century xvhen it belonged to Guy II, Count of Auvergne. Since then through conquest or gift it has been in the possession of Guy de Dampierre, the families of Maumont, de la Roche. d'Albon de Saint Andre, de Montvallet, and at present the Count of Chabrol. The structure has suffered from the ravages of time as xvell as battle. To the right of the main door or gate are the remains of the Tower Miche, so-called by the natives from its appearance of having been built of loaves of bread. This tower was destroyed by order of Cardinal Richelieu. On entering the chateau, "50 centimes please," the caretaker exhi- bits the Salle d'Armes, the meeting place of the seigneurs men-at-arms, the boudoir of the chate- laine then around the base of the donjon, where one looks into a side window of the dungeon, to the Salle a Bains, where there are remains of a stone bath and gardens. Thence upward a finely carved stairway to the toxver leads at one landing or another to the old Hall of Justice, the reception rooms and the chapel. From the turreted roof of the donjon tower is obtained a remarkable viexv of the valley of the Allier river dotted with towns and villages spread out in magnificent panorama. From the toxver can be made out, 80 feet below, the ancient ramparts outside the present wall, xvhich is broken down towards the western side facing the mountain. In the wine cellar still stands, though empty, a cask capable of holding 13,000 liters of wine. The chateau xvas besieged during the war between Philip Augustus and Henry Plantagenet in 1213, and twice during the war of the League against the King in 1590 and 1594, and finally by Gaston of Orleans at the order of Cardinal Richelieu in 1632, and was then so damaged that it xvas no longer considered impregnable and from that time figured simply as a family holding. Perched on the side of the hill about a stone's throw from the chateau is a little hotel whose cuisine had much to do with the pleasure of the excursions to Tournoel. CHATEAU NEUF LES BAINS This little thermal station, eighteen miles northwest of Chatel Guyon on the banks of the Sioule river, formed the objective point of many of the truck or ambulance picnics. The entire post xvas given an opportunity to visit it, and all xvere delighted xvith the wonderful scenery and poetic charm of the little resort. The route generally followed the xvinding turns of the Manzat 194 River Sioile at Chateau-Neue River Sioule Chasm Chateau Blot-Roche River Sioule Rocks Along River Sioule Chateau Chouvig.w Sight-Seeing Truck K«f^$13NI Mi |«^L»!i ^ammrnmi • ^ ^^^fF Bikini r- MR Slftj 'h B^^.'fV Hi Irwin Carnett Laws River Sioule Loop Shrine at Chateai-Neue J**L ______J Lake Tazenat road, through the hills xvest of Chazeron, past the extinct volcano, Chalard, xvith a distant view of the crater of Lake Tazenat, and on over the mountain range bordering the Sioule river. Half way down the hill the locally famous double loop made by the river at this point came into view. I pon the hill to the left as the town was approached stood the remains of the chateau from xvhich the name of the resort is-derived. Crossing the river at the edge of the town by a fine arched stone bridge, with at least one fisherman hanging over its edge, the statue of the Virgin was encountered on a small eminence to the right of the road. An inscription on the base of the statue testifies to the gratitude of a local traveler on having been safely returned from an Arctic exploration in the last century. Further on the hotels of the resort were passed. Then the road folloxved the rushing stream between the towering hills. Finally climbing up over the river and along the right bank the road reached a turn under the ruins of the Chateau Blot- Roche. A hard climb up the east side of the mountain led to the moat and ramparts of the old chateau. This chateau was built in the eleventh century by the Bourbons and was for a long time in the powerful family of Chouvigny de Blot, who also owned another chateau just north of Menat, the nearby toxvn. From the ruins of the chateau a most magnificent view xvas obtained of the many villages on the sides of distant hills and of the valley of the Sioule River which curves about the base of the mountain and on under the two bridges, Roman and modern, of Menat. Clock Tower St. Amable Church Satnte Chapelle RIOM Three miles from Chatel Guyon, the second city of Auvergne, Riom has much of interest to the visitor. The town, dating from early Roman days, is built of the dark Volvic lava, hence the local name "black city of Auvergne.'' It stands on a slight rise in the plain of Limagne. A xvide boulevard with double rows of trees surrounds the city proper. It xvas a Roman camp in the days of Julius Caesar, and later a center in the development of Christianity in Gaul. Philip Augustus made it an army center when he besieged the local strongholds in the thirteenth cen- tury. But the real development of Riom began under Jean, Duke of Auvergne-Berry, the paired duchy given him by his father. At this time many of the older buildings still standing were built, and xvith the establishment of a senate and court, the population of the town increased. The aid of the town xvas invoked about this time by Joan of Arc. and her letter of appeal is still 197 French Cemetery Railroad Station RIOM preserved in the city hall. The Palace of Justice xvhich houses the laxv Courts of Puy de Dome is an outgrowth of the Grand Days of Louis XIV. This building is a fine type of Roman Auverg- nian architecture and contains many fine tapestries representing the adventures of Glysses. The chapel to the east of the palace is built on the site of the chateau of Duke John, and is a finely con- structed building. The statue in the garden of the chapel is of Michel l'Hopital, a man of state, born near Riom, who was chancellor of France for Catherine de Medicis. It xvas his ad- vice xvhich averted for some years the religious xvars between the Pluguenots and Roman Cath- olics. The Clocktower. the House of Consuls and the House of the Annunciation are fine types of fifteenth century architecture. The church of St. Amable is built on the site of a seventh cen- tury abbev. The church of Xotre-Dame-du-Marthuret has many fine paintings and a most re- markable figure of the Virgin, called the Virgin of the Birds. One of the most interesting festi- vals of the church occurs in June when a wreath containing twenty-two pounds of wax is carried in a procession of the "brayauds" to the abbey at Mozat. There are about 7,000 inhabitants in Riom. CAMP HOSPITAL NO. 44 U. S. A. Camp Hospital Xo. 44 occupied Chateau de Mirabelle about half a mile beyond Riom, on the old Roman road leading to Clermont-Ferrand. It was leased as a Post Flospital for the Seventh Aviation Instruction Centre at Aulnat and xvas opened on April 24, 1918. the day Base Hospital Xo. 20 sailed from the United States. The Chateau is believed to have been originally a monastery. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries it belonged to the family Rollet, whose last descendant in 1760 married the Governor of Auvergne, Count de Chaverat. It was he who improved and embellished the chateau and its surroundings, remodeling the buildings on the Louis XVI style. The very xvarmest professional and personal relations xvere maintained between Camp Hospi- tal Xo. 44 and Base Hospital Xo. 20, throughout their stay in France. The original personnel of Camp Hospital Xo. 44 consisted of Lieutenant W. F. Blackshire, as Commanding Officer, Lieu- tenant F. M. Marshall and six enlisted men. On May 10, 1918, a fexv days after the arrival of Base Hospital Xo. 20 at Chatel Guyon, the folloxving six nurses were detailed for duty at Mira- belle: Miss Edith Davies, as head nurse; Miss Sabina Kehr, Miss Mary Walbert, Miss Mary Stexvart, Miss Marie Gotf and Miss Evelyn Bretzler. Shortly afterwards Lieutenant Benjamin M. Mclntire. of Base Hospital Xo. 20 relieved Lieutenant Marshall. After seven weeks of service with acute diseases and injuries four of the nurses and Lieutenant Mclntire xvere returned to- Base Xo. 20. xvhere their services were required owing to its increase from a 500 to a 2260 bed hospital. This left at Camp Hospital No. 44. only the Misses Davies and Kehr, xvho served throughout the duration of the Camp Hospital except for the month of July when Miss Elizabeth 198 Chateau Mirabel Nurses from Base Hospital No. 20 Personnel CAMP HOSPITAL NO. 44 Coombs and Miss Anna Newman relieved them. Thereafter the Hospital staff consisted of three medical officers, one sanitary officer, two nurses,and twenty-nine enlisted personnel. During the months of May and June the number of cases in the Hospital ran from 50 to 85 daily, acute medical and minor surgical conditions. All fractures and all abdominal and chest surgery were sent to Base Hospital No. 20, which xvas better equipped to do this work. By July 1st the capacity had been increased to 160 beds, 15 per cent, reserved for aviation cases, the remaining beds for convalescents from Base Hospitals No. 20 and No. 30. During the seven months that Camp Hospital Xo. 44 was in operation there xvere admitted 715 patients, consisting of minor surgical 75, battle casualties 280, medical cases 300, and 60 G. U. cases. There were 18 deaths. The successful service of Camp Hospital No. 44 was due mainly to the organizing ability, magnetism and efficiency of its Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Blackshire. 199 PUY DE DOME Dominating the other peaks in the chain of mountains to the south of Chatel Guyon, Puy de Dome raises its cone-shaped, observatory-crested peak 1.4(>8 meters above sea level. This beau- tiful mass has a volcanic origin in common xvith the other mountains in central France. The mountain shews even from a great distance the circular ascending road of the trolley line. 1 he -ides are scarred xvith crevices, overgroxvn by grass and shrubbery. The ascent on foot occupies at least txvo hours. From the culminating point, xvhen the air is clear, there is spread an im- mense and magnificent view of the other mountains in the chain of Pins. Beyond the plains to the ea--t and north may be seen the mountain ranges bordering the plains. From the summit may be counted at least seventy extinct volcanoes. Upon the summit of Puy de Dome in 1648. Perier, at the request of his brother-in-law, Pascal, made some meteorological observations. At this time there xvere discovered some ruins supposed to be a demolished chapel to St. Barnabas, xvhich tradition had said xvas built there. In 1876. xvhen excavations xvere begun for the present observatory, more stones xvere upturned, and from an inscription on one of them it xvas found that the ruins xvere those of a temple to Mercury erected by Caesar Augustus. Further investigation revealed that Pliny had mentioned the existence of this temple as xvell as a statue to Mercury, designed by a Greek sculptor, from Marseilles. The temple is believed to have been destroyed by the raiding bands of a German chief, Chrocus, in 294 A. D. The spectacle of Puy de Dome seen through the summer looming up on the horizon, xvas accentuated during the winter when its snoxv clad slopes were outlined against the darker skies. CLERMONT-FERRAND Clermont xvas Headquarters for the Hospital Center for the group of hospitals to which Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvas assigned in October 1918. It xvas also the shopping center for Base Hos- pital Xo. 20, and the bi-xveekly bus carried a full allowance of officers, nurses and men to visit some curiosity there and spend "beaucoup" francs before starting home. In time the Cafe de Paris became as usual a word as Broad Street Station, and to refer to Tony Chalus bank would always start a warm discussion of the French monetary and banking system. The Place de Jaude and the neighboring shops xvere soon passed up for the more unusual places of interest as the splendid cathedral, the churches, the park, and the odd centuries-old houses. Clermont, as XTeme- tum, xvas a famous city and stronghold in the days xvhen Caesar met defeat at the hands of the Gauls under Vercingetorix at Gergovia, just to the south. Today there is a splendid statue erected to the honor of the Gaulic victor in the Place de Jaude. During the time of Augustus many fine buildings xvere erected in Clermont, and the name xvas changed to Augustonemetum The name Clermont xvas first used in the early txvelfth century. Clermont xvas a stronghold of the Christians during the early centuries. St. Austromoine, the founder of Christianity in France, preached there, and Gregory of Tours, one of the strongest figures in the Catholic church in France in the early days, xvas born at Clermont. The city xvas repeatedly besieged, sacked and once burned during the xvars of the feudal days. It was the capital of the province of Au- vergne, and there xvere held the Grand Days of Auvergne, xvhen in the summary court of the king, discipline and punishment xvere handed to the laxvless seigneurs of the province. In 1731, jealous of the commercial supremacy of the neighboring toxvn Ferrand, the Clermont city admin- istration annexed Ferrand and added the surname to the city title. Today the inhabitants num- ber 60,000. The city is the capital of the Department of Puy de Dome, and the seat of several government bureaus for the center of France. VICHY Vichy, the most widely knoxvn French thermal resort, is located on the sluggish river Allier in the Department of Allier about 25 miles from Chatel Guyon. By utilizing its large hotels it 200 American Pkisoxeks Returning From (Ifrmany, Vichy Armistice Day, Vichy Le Puy de Dome Consulting Staff Clermont-Ferrand became one of the largest American hospital cen-ers in France xvith approximately 13,000 beds. U. S. A. Base Hospitals Xo. 1, 1(>. 7(C 109 and 115 xvere located there. Vichy was the headquarters during the final xveeks of the war and folloxving the armistice for a corps of consultants consisting of Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Sailer. Internist; Lieutenant Colonel Daniel J. McCarthy. Psychiatrist; Major De Forest P. Willard, Orthopaedist; and Major Robert H. Ivy, Facio-maxillary Surgeon. These consultants were all graduates and teachers of the University of Pennsylvania. They visited the neighboring hospitals and made a weekly trip to Base I lospital Xo. 20. About a xveek after Base Hospital Xo. 20 arrived in France Captains Musser, Laws and Baer and Lieutenants Goldsmith and Clemens xvere detailed to Base Hospital Xo. 1 at \ ichy, for temporary duty, but returned in two xveeks xvhen the arrival of patients at Chatel (upon re- quired their services. The majority of the personnel of Base Hospital Xo. 20 had an opportunty to visit Vichy. During August, xvhen the season xvas at its height, the town presented a gay appearance. The beautiful casino containing theatres, lounging rooms, gaming rooms (closed during the xvar), etc., surrounded by terraces and set in a beautiful park, xvas particularly attractive at night when brilliantly illuminated and filled xvith smartly dressed people. Many French people consider the "cure" at Vichy a matter of necessity for several xveeks each year. The gayness of the town during the war, naturally surprising to Americans, was therefore not due primarily to pleasure seeking but rather to health seeking. Visitors were also attracted by the magnificent brick and stone thermal baths ; drinking fountains, xvhere the warm Vichy xvater was dispensed ; splendid large hotels; some fine villas; a golf club and smart shops. LEAVES AND TRIPS It was the policy of the United States Army to grant leaves of absence of one xveek's dura- tion in each four months to officers, nurses and enlisted men alike. The (Ieneral Order di- recting this policy xvas the authority for one of the greatest of the American Army's minor activities. Six regions xvere designated as leave areas. These included some of the most famous re- sorts in Europe. St. Malo, Aix-les-Bains, Nice, Menton, Grenoble and La Bourboule made up the list. It xvas appreciated by leave takers that the longest way round was the shortest xvay home. Leaves to Xice xvere prefaced xvith a day in Paris, or it was felt expedient to strike for the Atlantic shore-Jine before visiting the blue Mediterranean. In short, it was possible on one's leave to go anywhere in France from the Alps to the Channel, from the Pyrenees to the battle-torn north. Bv adhering strictly to regulations it xvas possible for nurses and enlisted men to spend their leaves at an area without expense to themselves, for splendid hotels with comfortable quar- ters and excellent meals xvere provided for their exclusive use. For various reasons, largely for the freedom that ensued, most of the leave takers paid their own expenses and journeyed xvherever they chose and the M. Ps. permitted. Nice xvas undoubtedly the "Mecca" and whatever might be the route traveled the trail inevitably led to that resort. Perhaps the most popular route led from Clermont-Ferrand to Nimes where xvere located the most fascinating of Roman ruins. Those xvho have stopped there will never forget the beautiful symmetry of the gardens, the historical Temple de Xemaususm, the sentinel-like Tour Magne, the charming Pantheon and the magnificent Arena. Leaving Ximes the route carried on by the Chateau du Roi Rene at Tarascon to Aries xvhere even more numerous ruins of the Roman period are standing than at Nimes; but Aries lacks in the charm of Nimes though the theatre and the cloister of the church St. Trophime alone amply repaid one for the visit. After Aries came Marseilles, the greatest port of France. The ride from Marseilles to Xice and the auto trips from there to Menton and Grasse were enchanting. Monte Carlo xvith its gambling palace; Monaco xvith its Prince and his oceanographic museum; Menton, and the xvalk into Italy; Grasse and its per- 202 Ruined Cathedral, Chateau Thierry A KEN A AT XlMES Gateway at Verdun Casino at Monte Carlo Ruins of Verdun mtem\AmmlRPs Jm\mm* 8 \Wm B^ty-jJfe^ f * ^^^ ■ 11 " i ^*vJl; «w ' 1 "^ War Trophies, Paris Nice tume industry, all proved glittering attractions. From Xice the return trip usually led through the Alps to Grenoble, perhaps Aix-les-Bains, Lvons and home. But such a trip, hard as it xvas with late trains, standing room only and no diners, xvas nothing to many brave hearts, particu- larly among the nurses. One party of six not only made the circuit above mentioned, but first went to the Atlantic seaboard at Bordeaux and doxvn the coast to Bayonne, then through the Pyrenees to Toulouse, on to Carcassonne, the famous xvalled city, and thence to Ximes xvhere the beaten path xvas struck. Still others after finishing up Xice xvould strike for Paris and then visit the battle front at Chateau Thierry and the Argonne. Til addition to the trips on leaves, many members of the Unit had an opportunity of visiting many regions of France xvhile performing their official duties. At more or less frequent inter- vals individuals xvent to Vichy; to Chateau Xeuf-les-Bains on the River Sioule, xvhich floxvs through the most beautiful valley of all Auvergne; to Clermont-Ferrand, our shopping district, and to Royat xvith its chocolate factory, jexvel industry and U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 30. At times duty xvould take some even further afield; some of the enlisted men made the trip to Bordeaux for the purpose of driving back trucks; two of the officers made a famous automo- bile run to Tours and Paris, passing through such famous towns as La Chate, Loches, Blois, Or- leans, Versailles and dartres; still others took trips to Dijon and Langres for the purpose of attending school, and the various Surgical and Medical Teams in the course of their duties visited all the American battle fronts. The sojourn in Chatel Guyon xvas not narroxv nor confining in the least. In addition to having a beautifully secluded and quiet spot in xvhich to live, opportunity xvas afforded to roam far and near, to see France first-hand and to get acquainted xvith French people and French ways. THE FRENCH PEOPLE The censorship on mail had scarcely been lifted, following the Armistice, before some mem- bers of the x\. E. F. began a criticism of the French. As more and more troops returned to America, louder and more insistent grexv this criticism, until finally a fair proportion of the American people xvere left xvith many misconceptions in regard to our French allies. That disagreements and disputes sometimes arose between the American troops and the French is undeniable and xvas to be expected. Frequently such misunderstandings were the fault of the French, too often Gallic cupidity xvas the underlying cause, but in all fairness it must also be conceded that the American "dough-boy" xvas not alxvays blameless. Differences of opinion be- txveen the Americans and the foreigners, among xvhom they suddenly found themselves, xvere inevitable and unavoidable. The reasons xvhy such xvas the case are not difficult to find. Fundamental racial differences in habits, customs, training, and tradition between the Anglo- Saxon and the Latin, coupled xvith the inability of the French and Americans to understand each other's language,—for the peasantry of France knew little English and the Americans less French—made insurmountable barriers to complete mutual understanding. Furthermore, the "dough-boy" coming from a land of plenty, little touched by xvar, found it hard to adjust him- self to the deficiencies and restrictions of a xvar-xveary country that had borne the brunt of the conflict for almost four years. The American soldier was xvell paid, extravagant, and unaccus- tomed to bargaining; the French peasant, on the other hand, xvas poor, thrifty, and by nature a sharp trader. Add to this the fact that the average French conception of Americans xvas based upon years of experience xvith the host of tourists who annually invaded their land cheerfully to squander millions and it is small xvonder that many of the people of France regarded the advent of the American Army as a golden opportunity to recoup their losses sustained during more than three years of xvar. Undeniably there were not a few who proceeded to take advantage of it. In this respect, hoxvever. they differed but little from our own patriotic manufacturers and merchants xvho xvere prompt to capitalize the needs of the new Army and unhesitatingly exploited the officers and men of every cantonment and army post in the land. 204 ihese facts, in reference to the situation that existed between the American soldiers and the French, are dwelt upon here, first, in the hope of showing that any sweeping indictment of the b rench people is wholly unwarranted and, second, because they form a necessary background to any intelligent consideration of the relationships that obtained between American formations and the French among whom they lived. It will always be a source of satisfaction to those xvho were in charge of Base Hospital Xo. 20 that the stay of that organization in Chatel Guyon was free from all serious disagreements with the citizens of that locality. Controversies and disputes there were from time to time, but they never attained much importance and never engendered ill feeling. To be sure, the xvell stocked wine cellars, left in some of the hotels used as hospitals, at times proved too great a temptation to the thirsty palate of convalescent soldiers. Occasionally convenient fruit trees and gardens xvere raided by thoughtless groups of Americans. More than once Headquarters had to investigate claims of extortion lodged against shopkeepers and cafe proprietors and arbitrate other minor disputes. As a rule, these difficulties were promptly and amicably adjusted, usually through the good judgment and tact of the Headquarters Interpreter, "Mike" Dorizas, fondly called "Le gros Sergent Michel" by the villagers, who were unanimous in their devotion to and affection for him. From the beginning most cordial relations existed between the officers of Base Hospital Xo. 20 and the authorities of Chatel Guyon, both military and civil, and the military authorities of the 13th French Military District, in which Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvas situated. The Mayor of Chatel Guyon, Doctor Levadoux, was unfailing in his courteous co-operation with the officers in charge of Base Hospital No. 20. He issued "fair price lists," did all in his power to prevent the townspeople from taking advantage of the Americans, and heartily seconded all efforts to keep the toxvn orderly and decent. Shortly after the Armistice the Mayor forwarded an official letter, of which the following is a copy, to Lieutenant Colonels Johnson, Piersol, and Carnett, as indicative of the kindly feelings xvhich existed between the citizens of Chatel Guyon and the members of Base Hospital XTo. 20. (Translation) Mairie REPUBLKJUE FRANCAISE De Chatel-Guyox Chatel-Guyon, December 23, 1918. (Puy-de-Dome) From : The Mayor of Chatel-Guyon To: Lieutenant Colonel Carnett Dear Colonel: I have the honor to forward to you herewith an extract of the deliberations taken by my Council at their sitting of November 13th. The title of citizen of Chatel-Guyon xvhich is conferred on you unanimously and xvith enthu- siasm is a slight token of our deep gratefulness for the precious help you have brought to us xvith so much disinterestedness, for your cordiality and kindness shoxvn in your relations xvith the popu- lation of this town, and at the same time in homage to your honorable President, to your great and noble country. I therefore sincerely hope that you will make us the very great honor to accept the title of citizen of Chatel-Guyon. Very respectfully yours, (Signed) DR. LEVADOUX, Mayor. 205 ( Translation) Mairie De RFPUBLKJUE FK.WCAISF Cll ATE I.-G l'YON This thirteenth day of Xovember nineteen hundred and eighteen at 8.30 P. M., the members of the Municipal Council of the toxvn of Chatel-Guyon, met with Dr. Levadotix, Mayor, President. The President opened the meeting and recalled to the Municipal Court that the toxvn ot Chatel-Guyon has had the honor, during the course of the xvar, to extend the town's hospitality to an important medical organization of the American E. F. Our Allies have been able to realize how gladly the population of Chatel-Guyon received them. At the time xvhen the American E. F. is going to leave us, after having proved their bravery and valour on the battle fields, and what a Nation xvho place above everything Justice and Right is able to do, it is our duty to shoxv our Allies of today, our friends alxvays, that their precious help for the defence of right and liberty has not been bestowed on an ungrateful country and that gratitude is not an empty xvord with us. As xve cannot prove our gratitude and friendship to every officer and soldier, I propose that xve confer the title of citizen of Chatel-Guyon on the three Commanding Officers of Base Hospital Xo. 20. By honoring the great chiefs, xve xvish to honor all the men, officers, and soldiers, and also the devoted American nurses who have not hesitated to leave their native country for the pur- pose of coming overseas and to help with tenderness and devotion the glorious xvounded sol- diers and to take the place of their absent families. We hope that they xvill give us the great honor to accept the title of citizens of Chatel-Guyon which we shall be glad to inscribe on the annals of this thermal resort. The Council having heard the statement of their President, approved unanimously and with enthusiasm bis proposition and conferred on Lieutenant Colonels Thomas H. Johnson, George M Piersol and John B. Carnett the title of Citizens of Chatel-Guyon. Made and deliberated at Chatel-Guyon. on the day, month and year as stated above. ( Signed) D( )CT( )R LEVAI )()UX, Mayor. The medical officers attached to the French military hospital at Chatel Guyon also proved a never failing source of help and advice. Foremost among these was M. le Docteur Bruce, "Medi- an Chef" of Chatel Guyon, xvho xvas not only helpful officially, but repeatedly extended the hos- pitality of his home and the use of his library to many American officers. Xo less thoughtful xvas M. le Docteur Baraduc, chief medical officer of the French Army Hospital. He and his charming wife soon became popular with many of the officers and men of Base Hospital No. 20, xvho xvere frequently entertained by them at dinner and tea, Although not an official, M. le Docteur Bonnet, a resident of the town, who had just com- pleted his military service, greatly aided the Sanitary Officers by furnishing full reports on the local sanitary conditions, especially the milk and water supplies. M. le Docteur Matignon, a well- knoxvn physician of Bordeaux, xvho was in Chatel Guyon as a convalescent patient in the French Military Hospital, proved a loyal friend to all the officers xvho xvere fortunate enough to know him. He and his attractive xvife. who xvas an American by birth, took a deep interest in the progress and success of Base Hospital Xo. 20 and never neglected an opportunity to entertain and help its members. One of the notable characters of Chatel Guyon xvas M. Brosson, President of the Water Works. That genial gentleman early became a firm friend of the hospital, and possessing the nearest approach to an ideal dairy in that part of the xvorld, agreed to furnish excellent butter and milk to the hospital at reasonable prices. Frequently he entertained groups of officers for "dejeuner" at his picturesque chateau situated in the country some six kilometers from the hospital. None xvho xvere present xvill ever forget those inimitable occasions when courtesy and good fellowship united to give the American guests a true insight into the hospitality of the French home. 206 Trees Trimmed for Firewood Shoulder Baskets and Wine Keg Typical Peasants Ploughing The Milk Maid "Lady" Oxen and Sled The hospital was particularly fortunate in enjoying the help and co-operation of Mr. Hoxvard Copland, who xvith his wife and their daughter, Mrs. Lancelot Briscoe, lived in Villa Vibert, near the hospital. Mr. Copland and his family are Americans, but having resided on the Continent t'or over twenty years xvere thoroughly familiar xvith the French language and customs and xvere xvell known to the citizens of Chatel Guyon. Mr. Copland acted voluntarily in a liaison capacity and as interpreter; his timely assistance and that of his family frequently averted embarrassing misunderstandings xvith the French and did much towards promoting cordial relations xvith them. Mrs. Copland's and Mrs. Briscoe's hospitality and their visits to the patients xvere welcome and appreciated. Mrs. Briscoe also served as Chaplain Israel's secretary. By rare good fortune Base Hospital Xo. 20 xvas established in one of the most picturesque as well as most interesting portions of France. Not only is Auvergne interesting from the geological and historical view point, but the customs and traditions of the peasants xvho inhabit the irregular slopes of its volcanic hills are xvorthy of consideration. Although in many respects they differ but little from the rural population of other French pro- vinces, the Auvergnians are notorious, even among the French, for their thrift, economy, and ability to drive a shrexvd Dargain. They literally xvaste nothing and have learned the art of frugal living. On the other hand, they do nothing in a hurry. The Americans' request for some- thing to be done "toot sweet," was invariably met xvith a promise for tomorrow or next xveek. With them, as in other Roman Catholic communities, holidays are frequent. Together xvith the rest of provincial France, they close their stores, banks, and shops daily from noon until txvo p. m. in order that dejeuner, the main meal of the day. may be uninterrupted by business cares. A picturesque native costume is worn by both the women and the men, but they rarely appear in it except on state occasions. Under ordinary circumstances the men and boys xvear loose smocks, but the xvomen in spite of nondescript clothing are distinctive in their xvhite caps of a shape peculiar to the locality. Sabots are the familiar and ordinary footwear for all ages. They are a home loving and domestic people xvhose amusements are simple and fexv. They are fond of various card games and checkers and in every restaurant and inn after the luncheon and dinner hour groups gather about the little tables intent upon their games. The Auvergnians are temperate and drunkenness is uncommon among them, although the ordinary wines of the country and a weak beer are used exclusively as beverages in place of water. The inhabitants of this portion of France live for the most part in villages, a custom handed down from feudal days xvhen it xvas unsafe to live in an isolated dwelling. As one gazed out across the valley from some mountain side, these villages, nestled in a ravine or dotted over the plain, xvith their drab-xvalled houses xvith red-tiled roofs, gave a touch of color and quaintness to the panorama. These villages are administrative units presided over by a mayor whose duties are manifold and xvhose poxver is great. The houses are croxvded together on narroxv, tortuous, unpaved, muddy streets. The stables and cow sheds frequently occupy the ground floor of the houses and are always in close prox- imity to the living quarters. Fences, porches, sidexvalks, and sewers are unknown. Compost heaps are proudly displayed at the front door and a man's prosperity is in direct proportion to the size of his manure pile. Few if any houses are provided xvith any kind of conveniences and plumbing fixtures are not- ably absent. Water is carried in by hand from fountain, pump, or hydrant on the street. All laundrx- xvork is done in a community stone xvash trough or pool or in a nearby running stream. Clothing is beaten xvith paddles or pounded on smooth stones and not rubbed or boiled as is the common American practice. Within the houses the rooms, frequently with stone floors, are cold and damp. Little effort is made at proper ventilation and almost no attempt is made to heat them. Beds are invariably provided xvith homespun linen sheets and txvo huge feather mattresses which serve as mattress and cover. Fuel of all kinds is very scarce and is jealously conserved. The ample coal piles of the Americans proved a sore temptation to more than one Auvergnian housewife and finally had to 208 be guarded. The chief fuel of the villagers is fagots secured by trimming limbs from the same tree-trunks year after year, or by cutting brush each year from alternate patches of ground on the mountain sides. The roots of any tree that may have been cut down are carefully dug up and used for fire wood. Grapes, wheat, and vegetables are the chief crops of Auvergne. Corn, Indian maize, as we know it, is a stranger there as in most other parts of Europe. Fruits are groxvn with diffi- culty and are poor in quality. The plowing is done regardless of the time of year or condition of the soil. Burros, oxen, or more often cows with horn yokes are used as draught animals for plowing as well as for all kinds of hauling. Horses are rarely seen and are scarce, since at the outbreak of the war most of these animals xvere requisitioned by the French Army. Farming tools are mostly hand-forged, simple, and few in number. The farm xvork is done almost en- tirely by hand and during the war and since, owing to the shortage in men, is carried on largely by the women. Early in the morning the laborers can be seen leaving the villages for theii little plots of farm land often several kilometers away. Here they toil until the hour for de- jeuner calls them back to their homes. In the afternoon they again return to their diminutive fields, where they xvork until dark. In addition to such farming as is done, some live stock is raised in this mountainous cor- ner of France. The herds are chiefly sheep and cows that may be found grazing on the moun- tain slopes and along the still excellent roads. There are community herds watched over by a single individual aided by well-trained dogs. Usually these attendants represent the extremes of life and are either small boys or girls or decrepit old peasants. In spite of their native shrewdness, deliberate methods, and tendency to procrastinate, the simple folk of Auvergne are not without a certain charm. Proud, independent, industrious, and patriotic they bore their share of the sacrifices and burdens of the great xvar xvith unfailing cheerfulness and patience. Those Americans who had the opportunity to live among them and observe them during those fateful months xvill ever hold them in respect and feel for them a deep and kindly interest. 209 Part VII HOMEWARD BOUND N JANUARY 20, 1919, the last patient was discharged from the hospital at Chatel Guyon and the Chief Surgeon's Office xvas advised that Base Hospital Xo. 20 had ceased to function. Previous to that date a few of the buildings had been emptied of patients, cleaned and closed preparatory to turning them over to their owners or proprietors. Drills and hikes, which had been dis- continued because of arduous hospital duties, xvere resumed, particularly for the indoor men to harden them for the trip home. With the signing of the armistice the restrictions which had existed in the A. E. F. against the use of cameras were removed, and, laboring under great difficulties incident to rainy weather and poor photographic equipment, Sergeant Andrexv Diedreck and Private, first class, Henry Paul Kelley made the great majority of the pictures reproduced in this book. The Unit is indebted for many other reproductions to Captain Frederick H. Leaxitt for pictures taken by himself; to the Philadelphia North American for its courteous per- mission to use the map of France and several pictures taken during the periods of organiza- tion and mobilization, and to Richard T. Dooner, of 1629 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, for an individual photograph of each of the original officers. With the departure of the last patient began the big work of removing hospital equip- ment from the remaining buildings. Wards, operating rooms, laboratories, dispensaries, store houses, etc., xvere dismantled, cleaned and closed. Most of the Quartermaster stores xvere sent by rail to Nevers. The medical property was all inventoried, placed on trucks and either hauled to the Medical Supply Depot at Clermont-Ferrand or loaded on freight cars and shipped under guard to the Medical Supply Depot at Gievres. None of the original equipment and supplies of Base Hospital No. 20 xvas returned to America. The entire equip- ment xvas probably sold to the French and the cash realized therefrom placed to the credit of the Medical Department of the U. S. Army. Only sufficient beds were left in the Hotels des Princes, International and du Parc to accommodate the Unit's personnel. On February 12th these beds xvere removed, and on February 13th the mattresses were packed in trucks, the buildings cleaned and locked, and the personnel boarded a French train consisting of third- class coaches for the officers and nurses and German box cars for the enlisted men, bound for St. Xazaire. Lieutenant Ralph Pendleton had been taken ill and xvas transferred Feb- ruary 12th to the Camp Hospital at Royat as a patient. He rejoined the Unit on February 16th. At Nantes the twenty-txvo nurses and Mrs. F. E. Keene, in charge of Captain George K. Strode, xvere detached and sent to La Baule, where they xvere quartered preparatory to their departure for Brest, where they embarked March 1st on the U. S. S. Agamemnon. The officers and men proceeded to the billeting area at Clisson, about fifteen kilometers from XTantes, in the St. Nazaire Embarkation Area. Clisson xx'as a typical small French town xvith an imposing chateau, winding streets, cows, lace caps "and everything." The men were billeted in vacant houses and stables and slept on floors of stone, wood or dirt. The billets were terribly overcrowded and insanitary. The mess hall xvas a field xvith the rainy sky for a roof. Water taps on the public streets at first afforded opportunity of bathing hands and faces. Later this privilege xvas xvithdrawn and resort had to be made to the river. Drinking water xvas chlorinated in Lyster bags. The officers xvere billeted in private houses. 211 PSEI DO-PUNISHMENT The C. O. Goes Aloft Franco-American Boar«Hunt AFTER THE ARMISTICE Strdents of Hoyle Osteology Hotel\du Parc v LJfl s » :% f'T >* r T ■ ^f' IB ^""""H^. «■ ...... Officers' Baggage "Scramblers" German "Side-Door Pullmans' A Side Door i A ■-"~~ *# ■ 9 dH * * a « '* - •■£ -W t3am»^-~^*mt I iv L* rlji/ |_w qf*n 33 i / & " * 'f* ' 2*: ^ w ~^jt 1*8 J lp i/p ' # | \ r £m _^t—l v^-^^pi maimmm.m--jJ*1 * ■? ~* III 5 - * 1 *> ^—em. . -** fi?L En Route to Clisson Officers' and Nckses' Coaches EN ROUTE TO CLISSON 5eau Desert Hospitals L\ S. S. Agamemnon, New York Harbor, March, 1919 U. S. S. Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Base Hospital No. 20 Nurses Debarking Agamemnon, New York The Lavatory Washing Mess Kits The Mess Hall The Water Supply, Soirce Lyster Sleeping Quarters Some Preferred "Pup" Tents CLISSON SCENES Major P. K. Williams Men's Barracks Barracks and Ten: nts Barrack and I'>.\rber Sik Wind Mills Officers' Me>s Hall AT CLISSON At the Station c>cx*rc X \ Dorizas and His Friends Chateau de Clisson Community Laundry Awaiting Disinfection, St. Nazaire CLISSON SCENES Clisson Cattle Market, Clisson Daily military drills xvere resumed, and shoes xvere "dubbined" morning, noon and night. Rigid inspections of packs, uniforms and "dog tags," of accounts and paper xvork, and of marching and drilling xvere all passed successfully. An over-zealous inspector endeavored to round up all souvenirs, many of xvhich xvere appropriated by those to whom they xxere turned over. Almost continuous rain added to the depression of seeing an expected xvait of a few- days lengthen into xveeks and months. The only bright spots xvere occasional visits to Nantes, to Tiffauges to see "Blue Beard's" Castle, to Les Sables D'Ollonne, and to Paris, when the headquarters at Nantes saxv fit to grant short leaves. The baseball team played several games between showers. While waiting at Clisson Captain Joseph C. Birdsall received orders detaching him on March 21, 1919, for duty at Bordeaux. Captain John S. ()wens on March 25, 1919, re- ceived orders detaching him for duty at Chaumont. ()n March 11, 1919, the following clerks and typists xvere detached for duty at Tours: Privates, first class, Robert E. Shields, Earl G. Houck and Walter Becker; for duty at Nantes Hospital Center, Sergeant Donald Kennedy, Corporal Earl Wheatley, Private, first class, Charles F. Truby and Private Charles E. Deatelhouser; for duty at St. Nazaire, Base Hos- pital No. 101, Sergeant, first class. Robert Town and Privates, first class, William F. Hoss and Henry P. Kelley ; for duty at Bordeaux, Base Hospital No. 203, Sergeant Charles J. Deibert, Cook Herbert L. Jones and Private, first class, John B. Tourish, Jr. On March 23d the folloxving officers xvere relieved of duty and directed to report at Brest for embarkation: Lieutenant Colonel John B. Carnett, Lieutenant Colonel Eldridge L. Eliason, Major John H. Musser, Major Floyd E. Keene, Major William Bates, Major Jay D. Zulick, Major Alan C. Woods, Major Richard T. Payne, Captain Thomson Edwards, Cap- tain Richard D. Hopkinson, Captain Ralph Goldsmith, Captain Benjamin M. Mclntire, Cap- tain Arthur B. McCormick and Second Lieutenant James A. Dwyer. On April 6th they embarked on the U. S. S. Patricia, a converted German liner, making its first trip since pre-xvar days. A German, officially on board as one of the custodians of the Patricia, enlivened the trip by setting fire to the ship. By reason of the Twenty-sixth Division from New England being aboard, the Patricia received a royal welcome xvhen it entered Boston harbor on April 16th. The officers of Base Hospital No. 20 proceeded the same day to Camp Devens, Mass., xvhere they xvere officially inspected and disinfected, and three days later xvere transferred to Camp Dix, N. J. The officers spent Easter Sunday at their respective homes, and dur- ing the xveek beginning April 21, 1919, xvere honorably discharged from the Army at Camp Dix. After the departure of the above officers there were left with the detachment at Clisson Major Philip F. Williams, in command; Captain Samuel G. Stem, Lieutenants Ralph A. Pendleton and Randolph G. Adams, and Chaplain Preusser. The organization, hopeless of 218 U. S. S. Patricia, Boston Harbor, April, 1919 leaving Clisson, settled doxvn to await the coming of additional service stripes. Sergeant Lott reorganized the "Follies of Base Hospital No. 20" and the troupe, after several engage- ments in and near Clisson, left under the direction of the Chaplain for a week's tour of the Nantes Area. Classes in history and English, which had been previously started, xvere in- creased and a regular course of instruction mapped out. An inter-billet series of baseball games xvas played between showers. A large number of sprained ankles resulted, but the victorious KP's saw that the victims xvere fed. Sergeant Dorizas xvas ordered to Paris to assist the Peace Conference experts xvith his intimate knowledge of the Greek question. On Sunday, April 6th, a few hours after Chaplain Preusser had left for his nexv post at Coblenz, orders were received for the Unit to proceed to St. Nazaire. Billets xvere policed, French damage claims paid, and good-byes said to friends at Base Hospital No. 30 xvho xvere left behind. On reaching St. Nazaire the detachment xvent from Camp 1 to Camp 2 in a veritable race for life through the salvage plant, the physical inspection process and a double dose of "decootieizing." A representative squad xvas put through its paces for the benefit of the inspector, xvho found all properly "dubbined" and trained, and the detach- ment office force completed the necessary paper xvork to gain release from the A. E. F. Sergeant, first class, Clayton Welles and Corporal Parker McConnell rejoined from Tours. On Saturday, April 12th, a march through a downpour of rain ended on board the good ship U. S. S. Freedom, bound for America. The folloxving morning, after embarkation of several other organizations, including Base Hospital No. 30, the Freedom sailed down the river, through the locks and out into a three-day storm in the Bay of Biscay. The Freedom 219 x*:-. 40&9fr A** i^p »»W'\ -4 ■ Uniform Inspection Company Front Inspection of Closed Packs He.wy Marchinc Order "Dog Tag" Inspection Drill Inspection Drill Inspection On U. S. S. Freedom CLISSON INSPECTION The U. S. S. Freedom U.S.S. SKEEDOK U. S. S......-.. TROOP BILLET Compartment—y^rr.. Hatch__..^5*!:__ Deck- Bunk Number. JL m- Parade Station near Hatch..^£__Weather Dec In case of any emergency stand fast and keep quiet. iF aband- on ship call is sounded, fall in, on parade station on the weather deck. In actually abandoning ship, troops go over the knotted ropes pro- vided, and are picked up out of the water by boats and rafts. Wear your life preserver at all times. Wear your haversack at all times, with mess kit stowed in it. Keep this card in your pocket. (Read orders on other side) Assignment Card U. S. S. Freedom Docking in New York Camp Mills Camp Mills, Final Assembly Camp Mills Awaiting Train at Camp Mills HiTfrirr^^^'*''" Camp Dix justified her name in her 45-degree rollings. After the detachment got their sea legs, they took part in all phases of ship life. Lieutenant Pendleton acted as Mess ( M'ticer for the troops and Lieutenant Adams as Police Officer. Various details learned much about swabbing decks and assisting the gobs in numerous xvays. Life xvas free and easy on the homeward trip and restrictions xvere fexv. Shows, boxing bouts and movies took place ever}- day. A fexv days out from New York the U. S. S. Leviathan overhauled and passed the Freedom. The thirteen-day sea voyage finally terminated at the Bush Terminals in Brooklyn on April 2Xth. After a tiresome delay the detachment xvas ferried to the trains, and late at night turned in at Camp Mills for a real sleep. The delights of Broadway claimed the majority on pass during the next several days. The 178 enlisted men who returned from France xvere divided into detachments to be sent to camps nearest their respective homes for discharge. Sixteen detachments xvere formed to be sent to as many camps throughout the United States. ()n Sunday, May 4th, the camp rosters xvere called out, and the largest detachment, consisting of the four officers and 130 men for Camp Dix, N. J., left at noon. Three days at Camp Dix xvere required to secure the coveted honorable discharge and red chevron. On May 7, 1919, the majority of the original detachment of Base Hospital No. 20 started for their individual homes after a splendid record of eighteen months in the active serx'ice of their Government. Following the return of U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 to America the following letters were received by the Board of Managers of the University of Pennsylvania Hospital from the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross and from the Surgeon (ieneral of the United States Army : The American Red Cross National Headquarters, Washington, D. C. President, Board of Trustees, UnIX'ERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA HOSPITAL, Philadelphia, Pa. My Dear Sir: The American Red Cross is pleased to forward you the inclosed letter from the Surgeon General, in xvhich he commends the xvork of Base Hospital No. 20. It is a great satisfaction to the American Red Cross to have been able, through the pa- triotic assistance of your institution, to render such service to our Government. The American Red Cross extends its thanks and congratulations to every member of Base Hospital No. 20 and to the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, which was able to put such an excellent unit into the service of this country. The American Red Cross earnestly seconds the xvish of the Surgeon General that you xvill keep this organization intact for any future emergency that may arise, and it is believed that the personnel of Base Hospital No. 20 xvill also xvish to keep the Unit together and to keep alive, for all time, the fine spirit of those xvho, as the original members of this hos- pital, made this record of achievement possible. Very truly yours, C. H. CONNOR, Colonel, Medical Corps, U. S. Army. Asst. Director, Gen. Military Relief. 222 War Department, Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, April 30, 1919. Board of Trustees, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. (Through the American Red Cross National Headquarters) Gentlemen: Red Cross Base Hospital No. 20, accredited to the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, having been returned to this country for demobilization, 1 take this opportunity to express my appreciation of the invaluable services rendered the Nation by this splendid organization. It will always be remembered that the first organizations of the American Army to be sent overseas were six Red Cross base hospitals, and, at the time of the great Allied offen- sive, beginning July 18, 1918, thirty-nine of the forty-five base hospitals on duty in France and England xvere Red Cross hospitals. Their readiness for service and the patriotic devotion to duty, as well as the professional excellence of the personnel of these organizations, have made them the chief reliance of the Medical Service of the forces in France, while those on duty with the British have rendered equally valuable and appreciated aid to the British Army. It is earnestly recommended that effective measures be taken by you to keep the organ- ization of your unit intact and that every effort be made to imbue its future personnel xvith the fine spirit to be expected in the possessors of the glorious heritage of splendid achieve- ment handed down from the Great War by the original personnel of Base Hospital No. 20. In this connection I desire to invite your attention to the excellent work done by Lieu- tenant Colonel John B. Carnett, M. C, as Director of Base Hospital No. 20, and to ask that you convey to him my sincere appreciation of the value of the service he gave to our country in its time of need. Sincerely, M. \Y. IRELAND, Surgeon General, U. S. Army. 223 APPENDIX The folloxving is a list of the U. S. Army Base Hospitals organized under the American Red Cross : N'n. Parent Institution Director Station on Active Duty 1 Bellevue Hospital, New York ...................Dr. George B. Wallace ...Vichy, France 2 Presbyterian Hospital, New York ...............Dr. George Brewer .......Etretat, France 3 Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York..................Dr. Howard Lilienthal ... .Vauclaire, France 4 Lakeside Hospital, Cleveland, O.................Dr. George W. Crile ......Rouen, France 5 Harvard Medical School........................Dr. Harvey Cushing ......Etaples, France 6 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston ........Dr. F. A. Washburn .....Bordeaux, France 7 Boston City Hospital ...........................Dr. J. J. Dowling ........Tours, France 8 New York Graduate Hospital ...................Dr. Samuel Lloyd ........Savenay, France 9 New York Hospital............................Dr. C. L. Gibson .........Chateauroux, France 10 Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia ..............Dr. R. H. Harte .........Le Treport, France 11 St. Joseph, St. Alary and St. Augustana Hospital, Chicago .....................................Dr. N. M. Percy ..........Nantes, France 12 N. W. University Medical School, Chicago ......Dr. F. A. Besley ..........Boulogne, France 13 Presbyterian Hospital, Chicago ..................Dr. Dean D. Lewis .......Limoges, France 14 St. Luke and Michael Reese Hospital, Chicago ...Dr. L. L. McArthur ......Mars-sur-Allier, France 15 Roosevelt Hospital, New York ..................Dr. Charles Peck..........Chaumont, France 16 German Hospital, New York ....................Dr. Fred. Kammerer ......G. H. No. 12, Biltmore, N. C. 17 Harper Hospital, Detroit, Mich.................Dr. Angus McLean ......Dijon, France 18 Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore ..............Dr. J. M. T. Finney ......Bazoilles, France 19 Rochester General Hospital, New York..........Dr. John M. Swan........Vichy, France 20 University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia.Dr. J. B. Carnett .........Chatel Guyon, France 21 Washington Univ. Medical School, St. Louis, Mo.Dr. Fred. T. Murphy .....Rouen, France 22 Milwaukee Co. Hospital, Wisconsin .............Dr. C. A. Evans ..........Beau Desert, France 23 Buffalo General Hospital, New York ............Dr. Marshall Clinton .....Vittel, France 24 Tulane University, New Orleans, La.............Dr. John B. Elliott .......Limoges, France 25 Cincinnati General Hospital, Ohio ...............Dr. Wm. Gillespie ........Allerey, France 26 State University of Minnesota ..................Dr. Arthur A. Law .......Allerey, France 27 University Pittsburgh Medical School, Pa.......Dr. R. T. Miller.........Angers, France 28 Christian Church Hospital, Kansas City, Mo.....Dr. J. F. Binnie ..........Limoges, France 29 State University of Colorado, Boulder...........Dr. J. W. Ammesse .......Tottenham, England 30 University of California, San Francisco .........Dr. E. S. Kilgore .........Royat, France 31 Youngstown Hospital, Ohio .....................Dr. Colin Clark ..........Contrexeville, France 32 City Hospital, Indianapolis ......................Dr. Edmund D. Clark ... .Contrexeville, France 33 Albany Hospital, New York ....................Dr. A. W. Elting .........Portsmouth, England 34 Episcopal Hospital, Philadelphia ................Dr. A. P. A. Ashhurst___Nantes, France 35 Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, Calif. ...Dr. J. J. A. Van Kaathoven.Mars-sur-Allier, France 36 College of Medicine, Detroit ....................Dr. Burt R. Shurly .......Vittel, France 37 King's County Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y.........Dr. Edwin H. Fiske.......Dartford, England 38 Jefferson Medical School, Philadelphia ..........Dr. Wm. M. L. Coplin___Nantes, France 4(1 Good Samaritan Hospital, Lexington, Ky........Dr. David Barrow ........Salisbury Court, England 41 University of Virginia ..........................Dr. Wm. H. Goodwin ....St. Denis, France 42 Univ. of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore ...Dr. A. C. Harrison .......Bazoilles, France 43 Emory University, Atlanta, Ga..................Dr. E. C. Davis ........ .Blois, France 44 Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital, Boston ....Dr. Wm. F. Weseelhoeft ..Pougues, France 45 Medical College of Virginia, Richmond ..........Dr. Stuart McGuire ......Toul, France 46 University of Oregon, Portland .................T'n. Robert C. Yenney ... .Bazoilles, France 47 San Francisco Hospital, Calif...................Dr. Charles Levison ......Beaune, France 48 Metropolitan Hospital, New York ..............Dr. Wm. F. Honan .......Mars-sur-Allier, France 49 State University, Omaha, Neb................... Dr. A. C. Stokes ..........Allerey, France 50 University of Washington, Seattle...............Dr. J. B. Eagleson ........Mesves, France 102 Loyola University, New Orleans, La.............Dr. Joseph A. Danna .....Italy 224 WEEKLY SUMMARY OF PATIENTS Herewith is a weekly summary of admissions, discharges, deaths and patients remaining in hospital at U. S. A. Base Hospital No. 20 in Chatel Guyon, France: Remaining Week Ending Admissions Discharges Deaths in Hospital May 7 to June 10. 1918 .............................. 382 17 0 365 June 17, 1918 ........................................ 6 4 0 367 June 24, 1918 ........................................ 4 34 0 337 July 1,1918......................................... 13 40 346 July 8, 1918......................................... 364 32 0 678 July 15, 1918......................................... 9 80 0 607 July 22, 1918......................................... 415 81 0 942 July 29, 1918......................................... 596 147 1 1390 August 5,1918 ...................................... 4 206 4 1184 August 12, 1918...................................... 695 151 7 1721 August 19, 1918...................................... 10 181 5 1545 August 26, 1918...................................... 402 259 1 1687 September 2, 1918 ................................... 13 268 2 1430 September 9, 1918................................... 312 291 2 1449 September 16, 1918................................... 368 186 0 1651 September 23, 1918................................... 418 241 2 1826 September 30, 1918................................... 240 314 5 1747 October 7, 1918 ..................................... 690 453 1 1983 October 14, 1918 ..................................... 502 529 5 1951 October 21, 1918 ..................................... 375 478 4 1844 October 28, 1918 ..................................... 328 405 3 1764 November 4, 1918 ................................... 267 449 1 1581 November 11, 1918................................... 453 345 7 1682 November 18, 1918................................... 409 386 8 1697 November 25, 1918................................... 24 595 2 1124 December 2, 1918................................... 13 87 2 1048 December 9, 1918 ................................... 302 626 0 724 December 16, 1918................................... 21 166 0 579 December 23, 1918 ................................... 989 179 0 1389 December 30, 1918 ................................... 24 315 1 1097 January 6, 1919 ..................................... 10 120 0 987 January 13, 1919 ..................................... 15 541 0 461 January 20, 1919 ..................................... 9 468 2 None Grand Totals ....................................8703 8638 65 Memorandum: The above statistics do not include admissions and discharges to and from Hos- pital and Quarters before the arrival of Base Hospital No. 20 in Chatel Guyon, France. The total number of such original admissions and discharges from command was 106. 225 500 BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 BUILDINGS IN A. E. The folloxving buildings xvere occupied by Base Hospital No. 20 at Ch Normal Bed Section Hotel Capacity Section No. 1 ..................................Old Hermitage .......... 100/ Section No. 2 ...............%..................New Hermitage .......... 7?\ Section No. 3 ..................................Castel Regina ............ 100 Section No. 31,-j ................................Excelsior ................. 70 Section No. 4 ..................................Du Parc ................. 375) Section No. 5 ..................................Des Princes (Off. Qtrs.) . 100\ Section No. 6 ..................................Nouvel .............. Section No. 7 ..................................Splendid ............. Section No. 8 ..................................Ma Campagne ....... Section No. 9..................................Thermes ............ Section No. 10.................................Thermalia, (Front) Section No. 11 .................................Thermalia, (Rear) Section No. 12 .................................Chrysanthemes ....... Section No. 13 .................................Castel Guy ........... Section No. 14.................................Bon Acceuil ......... Section No. 15 .................................Medeah .............. Section No. 16.................................Regence .............. Section No. 17 .................................De France ........... Section No. 18.................................Villa Elizabeth ......... Section No. 19 .................................Villa Bruyeres (West) Section No. 20.................................Villa Bruyeres (East) Section No. 21 .................................Beau Site ............ Barracks No. 1 ................................Trianon and Florence Barracks No. 2 ................................Palais Royal ......... Quarters French Labor Battalion ..............Villa Solitude ........ Medical Supply Store Room ...................Concentration ........ Headquarters ..................................Villa Dufaud ........ Quartermasters' Office and Commissary ........Des Allies ........... Nurses' Home .................................International ......... Total ...............................................................2500 Garage No. 1 ..................................Castle Regina Garage Garage No. 2 ..................................Crovetto Garage Garage No. 3 ..................................Saby Garage Storage Depot No. 1 ...........................Splendid Garage F. itel Guyon , France: Yearly Rental francs Yearly Bod Cost francs 40.800 233.14 15,000 18,000 150.00 257.14 70,000 60,912 338,612 147.37 121.82 50 4,000 80.00 50 7,000 140.00 125 13,000 104.00 60 9,700 161.66 60 6,500 108.33 60 8,600 143.44 40 4,500 112.50 100 13,000 130.00 125 9,500 76.00 45 2,500 55.55 100 9,000 90.00 70 6,000 85.71 85 8,000 94.00 45 3,000 66.66 45 4,000 88.88 25 3,500 140.00 30 3,000 100.00 65 19,100 293.84 135.44 THE AMERICAN CEMETERY The folloxving American Officers and terv on the outskirts of Chatel Guyon: Soldiers have been laid to rest in the American Ceme- Date c .f Grave Name Number Rank Organization Death No. Kern Thos. D. 1st Lt. Magazine Co., 26th Infantry Aug. 23 1918 56 Carmichael Byron 1st Lt. Co. G, 108th Am. Tr. Nov. 4 ] [918 57 Wenz 12S939 Albert Pvt. Batt. C, 12th F. A. July 28, 1918 1 Sanderson John C. Cpl. Co. B, 18th Infantry July 30, 1918 2 Sutphin 42567 Raymond A. Pvt. Co. D, 16th Infantry Aug. 1, 1918 3 Pol 57280 Ralph Pvt. Co. D, 28th Infantry Aug. 2, 1918 4 Goudie 180172 Clark A. Pvt. Co. A, 29th Engineers Aug. 5, 1918 5 Edwards 95888 John C. Pvt. Co. B, 167th Infantry Aug. 7, 1918 6 Bletzer 1691657 Otto C. Pvt. Co. C, 8th F. Batt., S. C. Aug. 7, 1918 7 Finamore 186105 Riziero Pvt. Co. F, 18th Infantry Aug. 8, 1918 8 Flaherty 2101071 Edward Pvt. Co. G, 58th Infantry Aug. 11, 1918 9 Nevil 125790 Stewart K. Pvt. Co. A. 108th M. G. Battalion Aug. 12, 1918 10 Tavlor 145114 Fred. Wag. Supply Co., 105th F. A. Aug. 8, 1918 11 Crosland 2264224 James W. Pvt. Co. C, 58th Infantry Aug. 12, 1918 12 Kahn 274414 Leo Pvt. Co. G, 127th Infantry Aug. 12, 1918 13 226 THE AMERICAN CEMETERY—Continued Date of Grave Name Number Rank Organization Death No. Cleversey Arthur A. Pvt. Co. L, 101st Infantry Aug. 17, 1918 14 Donahue 96237 Dennis F. Pvt. Co. C, 167th Infantry Aug. 17, 1918 15 Hazeltine 2420055 John B. Cpl 16th Co., 4th M. C Aug. 18, 1918 16 Barrows 558533 Henry H. Pvt. Co. M, 47th Infantry Aug. 20, 1918 17 Strieker 2019954 Alex. J. Wag. Supply Co., 39th Infantry Aug. 26, 1918 18 Walker 54562 Melvin J. Pvt. Co. I, 26th Infantry Aug. 30, 1918 19 Derrig 90116 Stephen Pvt. Co. E, 165th Infantry Sept. 7, 1918 20 Vances Paul Pvt. Co. D, 28th Infantry Sept. 8, 1918 21 Crouse 94387 Harry L. Cook Co. H, 166th Infantry Sept. 18, 1918 22 Meyer 273827 Albert Pvt. Co. D, 127th Infantry Sept. 23, 1918 23 Prescott 181617 Stewart H. Pvt. Co. E, 30th Engineers Sept. 25, 1918 24 Brown 2220239 Winfield F. Pvt. Co. D, 358th Infantry Sept. 29, 1918 25 Devlin 2383808 Charles Pvt. Co. G, 60th Infantry Oct. 6, 1918 26 Burns 1461925 Victor L. Sgt. Co. D, 138th Infantry Oct. 8, 1918 27 Davis 2780886 Lauren E. Pvt. Co. M, 363d Infantry Oct. 8, 1918 28 Knox 4068735 George Pvt. Co. M, 54th Pioneer Infantry Oct. 11, 1918 29 Kaufman 2673972 Mitchell Pvt. Co. C, 166th Infantry Oct. 12, 1918 30 Lutz 737184 Charles Cook Co. M, 11th Infantry Oct. 15, 1918 31 Wright 96846 Gerald D. Pvt. Co. E, 167th Infantry Oct. 15, 1918 32 Brown 808057 Charles L. Pvt. M. D., 59th Infantry Oct. 16, 1918 33 Compton 2250583 Lemuel B. Pvt. Co. A, 344th M. G. Battalion Oct. 20, 1918 34 Hathaway 43363 Edward Cpl. Co. H, 16th Infantry Oct. 26, 1918 35 Michael 1636771 John Pvt. Co. B, 109th Infantry Oct. 31, 1918 36 Miller 745081 Walter J. Pvt. Co. A, 6th Division M. P. Nov. 7, 1918 37 Eckel 2470466 Edw. W. Cpl. Co. L, 320th Infantry Nov. 8, 1918 38 Fulton 1829694 Frank Sgt. Co. E, 320th Infantry Nov. 9, 1918 39 Nicholas 3191303 Michael Pvt. Co. G, 10th Infantry Nov. 9, 1918 40 Stone 3334515 Randall P. Pvt. Co. K, 309th Infantry Nov. 10, 1918 41 Zucchera 2882134 Santo Pvt. Co. F, 319th Infantry Nov. 12, 1918, 42 Brizzi 3775011 Nicolo Pvt. Co. E, 9th Infantry Nov. 12, 1918 43 Toner 957109 Luke Pvt. Co. D, 39th Engineers Nov. 12, 1918 44 Bythewood 3537500 Andrew M. Pvt. Co. L, 813th Pioneer Infantry Nov. 13, 1918 45 Higginbotham 3997276 James L. Pvt. M. G. Co., 305th Infantry Nov. 13, 1918 46 Andre 582943 Wm. J. Cpl. Batt. B, 55th C. A. C. Nov. 17, 1918 47 Harkins 2413439 John Pvt. Co. D, 309th Infantry Nov. 17, 1918 48 Vocedomemia 679286 Frank Pvt. Co. K, 305th Infantry Nov. 19, 1918 49 Robinson 1402084 Grover, C. Pvt. Co. C, 370th Infantry Nov. 20, 1918 50 Lipari 1753920 Samuel Cpl. Co. E, 310th Infantry Nov. 26, 1918 51 Holland 1068395 Roach H. Cpl. 223d A. S. S. C. Nov. 27, 1918 52 Duffy 564646 John Pvt. Batt. A, 16th F. A. Dec. 30, 1918 53 Uddman 2291753 Erik A. Pvt. Co. L, 361st Infantry Jan. 13, 1919 54 Hess 94670 Charles Cpl. Co. I, 166th Infantry Jan. 18, 1919 55 The following three German Prisoners of War occupy graves in one corner of the Cemetery: Johannis Kluge, Lt. 4th Co., 419 German Inf., Died October 26, 1918. Charles Helz, No. 844, Pvt., Co. 11, 147th German Inf., Died November 5, 1918. Ferdinand Ornstein, Pvt., MVCo., 7th German Inf., Died November 7, 1918. In addition to the above, the following four American Aviation Officers died in Base Hos- pital No. 20, but were buried in the U. S. A. Cemetery, Clermont-Ferrand, Department Puy-de- Dome, France: Charles T. Buckley, 1st Lt., ASSC. (unattached), September 26. 1918. Richard F. Day, 2nd Lt., ASSC, 7th A. I. C, September 25, 1918. William C. Henley, 2nd Lt., ASSC, 7th A. I. C, October 11, 1918. Ralph S. Armstrong, 2nd Lt., ASSC, 7th A. I. C, October 11, 1918. Francis A. Berbecot, a French civilian of the 119th Administrative Labor Battalion, died in Base Hospital No. 20 on October 26, 1918, and xvas buried in the French Cemetery at Chatel Guyon. 227 CASH DONATIONS TO UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA U. S. ARMY BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 Mr. George L. Harrison ................ $10,048.00 Mrs. Emilv Leland Harrison ............ 10,000.00 Mr. Thomas Skelton Harrison .......... 10,000.00 ihrough Dr. John G. Clark (48 donors) 14,904.10 .\i iss Gertrude Abbott .................. 5,500.01) Colonel Edward Morrell ................ 5,000.00 M rs. Robert C. H. Brock ............... 5,000.00 National American Red Cross ........... 5,000.Oil The Mask and Wig Club, U. of Pa....... 3.092.X4 Through Welfare Committee ........... 3,150.00 Frankford Arsenal Employees .......... 2,928.17 Mr. and Mrs. Caleb F. Fox.............. 2,884.90 Mr. Nathaniel Allen Pettit .............. 2,743.50 Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of American Red Cross .................. 2,561.15 Thomas W. Evans Museum and Dental Institute Society ...................... 2,000.00 American Red Cross Auxiliary No. 86 ... 1,750.00 The Schuylkill Navy ................... 1,527.09 Improved Order of Red Men of Penna. . 1,100.00 Mr. F. M. Kirby ....................... 1,000,00 Harvey R. Pierce Company ............. 866.70 56th Street Fourth of July Association .. 620.00 Collection Penn-Cornell Football Game .. 600.96 1918 Senior Class West Phila. High School 501.00 M r. George E. Earnshaw ................ 500.00 Mr. Thomas W. Eliason ................ 500.00 Mrs. Anna W. Martin .................. 500.00 Mr. and Mrs. Robert M. Covle .......... 500.00 M r. William Beury ..................... 500.00 Cniv. of Pa. Hospital Nurses' Alumnae Association ........................... 370.50 Mr. Henry F. Mitchell.................. 355.43 Mr. John C. Bell ....................... 315.00 Through Mrs. Josiah Evans Willetts --- 311.54 Wissahickon Red Cross Auxiliary No. 20 300.00 Dr. G. E. de Schweinitz ................. 204.85 Mr. J. G. Rosengarten .................. 250 00 Mr. John H. Minds ..................... 250.00 Mr. F. A. Roberts ...................... 250.00 Mrs. Caroline Bement .................. 250.00 Mrs. Marv W. Allison .................. 246.00 Estate of Owen Moore.................. 200.00 The J. G. Brill Company ................ 200.00 Mrs. Elizabeth T. Leaf .................. 150.00 "R. J. McC" ............................ 150.00 Mr. Wm. H. Heulings, Jr............... 150.00 Mr. and Mrs. Wm. L. McLean .......... 150.00 S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. .. 138.35 Mr. Wm. R. Minds ..................... 135.00 Miss Marv A. Heizmann ................ 100.00 Mrs. Cecelia S. Brill .................... 100.00 Mr. Thomas W. Eliason, Jr............. 100.00 From Erie, Pa., through Bishop Israel .. 100 00 Tohn Morgan Societv ................... 100.00 ••D F. G." ........."..................... 100.00 Mr. James N. Mohr..................... 100.00 Mrs. Eleanor Bement Stem ............ 100 00 Mr. Wm. M. Meigs ..................... 100.00 Mr. Wm. N. Morice .................... 100.00 Mr. Wm. H. Hammett .................. 100 00 Mr. E. A. Van Valkenburg .............. 100 00 Mrs. George Rosengarten ............... 100.00 Dr. Robert L. Gray ..................... 100 00 Mr. S. B. Stinson ....................... 100.00 Mr. Joseph H. Bromlev ................. 100 00 Mrs. Ella Disston Bain ................. 100.00 Mr T. Munroe Dobbins ................ 10000 Mr Arthur E. Newbold ................ 100 00 Miss Ethel F. Ellis ..................... 100 00 Miss Jessie Hoffman ................... 75.00 Class of '88. College Dept., U. of P..... 75.00 Members of Mrs. John G. Clark's Surgical Dressing Committee .................. $72.00 Mrs. John G. Clark ..................... 70.00 Miss Anne Reeves Crouch .............. 58.00 Oswego Club Girls ..................... 57.00 Miss Ellen L. Barnes ................... 52.00 Mr. Minturn T. Wright ................ 50.00 Mrs. Charles H. Thomas .............. 50.00 M r. Alex. Brown Coxe ................. 50.00 Mr. Edward W. Bok ................... 50.00 Mrs. George Lee Thompson ............ 50.00 Dr. William H. Howell ................. 50.00 Mrs. John F. Lewis .................... 50.00 Air. F. H. Bohlen ....................... 50.00 Mr. C. Elmer Smith .................... 50.00 Messrs. J. E. Caldwell & Co............. 50.00 M r. W. L. Glatfeller .................... 50.00 Graduate Nurses of U. of P. Hospital .. 50.00 Emiline R. I. Fowle..................... 50.00 Messrs. J. S. Zulick & Co............... 50.00 Dr. G. E. Pfahler ...................... 50.00 Mr. Thomas P. McCutcheon, Jr......... 50.00 Mr. S. Leslie Mestrezat ................. 50.00 Laura A. Hollar ........................ 50.00 Mr. Joseph J. White .................... 50.00 Mrs. M. F. Posev ...................... 50.00 Mrs. Wm. P. Bement ................... 50.00 Alt. Airy American Red Cross Auxiliary Xo. 8 ................................ 38.00 M. H. Bresette Company ................ 37.00 Mrs. Felice Bidaux ..................... 36.00 John Al. Marie Co...................... 30.10 Through Idaho Nurses ................. 30.00 Miss Sarah Newton .................... 30.00 M iss Juliana Wood..................... 30.00 Dr. Brooke M. Anspach................. 30.00 Franklin National Bank ................. 26.23 Mr. Edward Roberts ................... 25.00 Mr. Joseph H. Grubb ................... 25.00 Mrs. Marv Mcllvain .................... 25.00 •'B. Al. C" ............................. 25.00 Mr. John Gilbert ....................... 25.00 M r. William J. Dickson ................. 25.00 Mr. Miles P. Hoffman .................. 25.00 Mr. C. K. Thomas ...................... 25.00 Mrs. Jay Cooke, Jr..................... 25.00 Mrs. Annie J. Bleim .................... 25.00 Eleanor M. Huff ....................... 25.00 Mr. R. H. Fleming...................... 25.00 Dr. George Fetterolf ................... 25.00 Air. W. M. Crowe ...................... 25.00 Marion S. D. Belknap .................. 25.00 Mr. Wm. P. Bainright ................. 25.00 Mifflinburg, through Miss Edith B. Irwin 25.00 Airs. Mary G. Pepper ................... 25.00 Mrs. Marv Godfrey ..................... 25.00 Air. George H. McFadden .............. 25.00 Mrs. Dilworth Richardson .............. 25.00 Star Council No. 16, D. of A., Allentown, Pa.................................... 25.00 Air. Richard AL Cadwalader ............ 25.00 Air. Robert H. Caverlv .................. 25.00 Air. William H. Nicholson, Jr........... 25.00 Senator Boies Penrose .................. 25.00 Aliss Meta Hare Hutchinson ............ 25.00 Mrs. Ella L. Browning ................. 25.00 Aliss Alary C. Lyster ................... 25.00 Dr. C. B. Penrose ...................... 25.00 Mr. R. A. F. Penrose, Jr............... 25.00 Arr. E. T. Stotesbury.................... 25.00 ATr. Fisher Welles...................... 25.00 Mr. Samuel Robinson ................... 25.00 228 CASH DONATIONS—Continued Mary S. Binkley ........................ $25.00 Mr. Horace E. Smith ................... 25.00 Air. George C. Diefenderfer............. 25.00 Mr. Thomas Shipley .................... 25.00 Marv Dornan .......................... 25.00 Leila L. Kurtz.......................... 25.00 Air. Charles H. Smith .................. 25.00 Mrs. William C. Bullitt ................. 25.00 Mr. Charles T. Robinson ................ 25.00 Mr. Edward Ilsley ...................... 25.00 Airs. William Penn Troth, Jr............ 25.00 Mr. Humbert B. Powell................. 25.00 Mr. William Sketchley, Jr.............. 25.00 Mrs. Davis (New York) ............... 25.00 Airs. William R. Wister ................ 25.00 Miss Minnie Collins .................... 24.00 Mary Vaux Buckley .................... 24.00 Class of 1917 Nurses of University of Pennsylvania Hospital ................ 23.00 Mr. John Boal .......................... 20.00 Mr. Morton O. Stafford . ,............... 20.00 Mrs. Grace L. Wiles .................... 20.00 Mr. Edwin L. Blabon ................... 20.00 Marv Vanuxem ........................ 20.00 Mr. Morgan Owen ..................... 15.00 Mr. M. H. Quigley ...................... 15.00 Mrs. David C. Boyce ................... 15.00 Mr. James Logan Fisher ................ 15.00 Mrs. Charles Burdick .................. 15.00 Miss Elizabeth P. Schofield ............. 15.00 Air. Samuel McMillan .................. 15.00 Miss Mary O. Kegrice .................. 12.00 Aliss Laura Nell ....................... 12.00 Miss Edna Rockey ..................... 12.00 Miss Jean G. Silver..................... 12.00 Aliss Susan E. Hull—friends ............ 12.00 Miss Marie Bergstresser ................ 12.00 Airs. Al. E. Williamson ................. 12.00 Air. James D. Braun .................... 12.00 Air. J. D. Grenville ..................... 12.00 Air. Wm. H. Judd ...................... 12.00 Aliss Marie Goff ........................ 12.00 Dr. H. K. Pancoast ..................... 10.50 Mr. H. A. S. Ingersoll .................. 10.00 Phoebe W. I. McCall ................... 10.00 Air. Henry S. Kline .................... 10.00 Airs. Alarearet Hamill Girvin ........... 10.00 Martha Aid. Biddle ..................... 10 00 Mr. J. Diehl ......... ................. 10.00 "C. G. T." .............................. 10.00 Air. Charles Kline ...................... 10.00 Mr. Hollinshead N. Taylor............... 10.00 "J. Al. E." .............................. 10.00 Air. Alalone Wheless .................... 10.00 Eva J. Dyer ............................ 10.00 Mr. Glenn C. Mead ..................... 10.00 Emma H. English ...................... 10.00 Air. Louis Wolf ........................ 10.00 Mr. S. Wesley Sears .................... 10.00 Margaret C. Fox ....................... 10.00 Airs. Sara S. AlcCalla .................. 10 00 Anna Ingersoll Smith ................... 10 00 Mr. Louis Bergmann ................... 10 00 Mr. Isaiah Scheeline .................... 10 00 Teresa O'Neill Snyder .................. 10 00 Mrs. Louis R. Page..................... 10 00 Airs. C. A. Griscom ..................... 10.00 Airs. Robert D. Heaton ................. 10 00 Air. Richard E. Cochran ................ 10 00 Mrs. Wm. Morris McCawley ............ 10 00 ATrs. Charles A. Braun ................. 10 00 Mr. Harold N. Searles ................. 10 00 Air M. H. Cadwalader, Jr.............. 10.00 Mr. J. Warren Way .................... 10.00 Airs. Charles Hermon Thomas .......... $10.00 Air. A. B. Farquhar .................... 10.00 Marion B. F. Ingersoll .................. 10.00 Name of Donor Missing (about Dec. 1) . 10.00 Mr. Thomas S. Martin ..................- 10.00 Ellen Mary Cassatt ..................... 10.00 Airs. Edgar Scott ...................... 10.00 Mr. W. Paul O'Neill ................... 10.00 Air. George L. Harrison, Jr.............. 10.00 Air. F. W. Alunn ....................... 10.00 Katherine H. N. Page .................. 10.00 Mr. George Stuart Patterson ........... 10.00 Mrs. Percy Smith ...................... 10.00 Mr. George Gowen Hood .............. 10.00 Mrs. Mason Evans ..................... 10.00 Air. A. O. Rehwick ..................... 10.00 Mr. H. B. Ackerly ...................... 10.00 Mr. C. A. Ackerly ...................... 10.00 Mrs. Ella Guthrie Painter ............... 10.00 Miss Anna , Hoover ..................... 10.00 Mr. Milton Herrold .................... 10.00 Mr. Thomas L. Rogers ................. 10.00 Mrs. Charles Paxson ................... 5.00 Ellen Lathrop Hopkins ................. 5.00 Hannah Mel. Biddle .................... 5.00 Miss Helen Trotter ..................... 5.00 Miss Emily C. Philler .................. 5.00 Mr. Henry B. Garber ................... 5.00 Susan H. Braun ........................ 5.00 Mr. W. Howard Myers ................. 5.00 Dr. H. A. Stevens ...................... 5.00 Mrs. Marv Spring Frazier .............. 5.00 "C. I. Al." .............................. 5.00 Air. E. A. Rice ......................... 5.00 Mrs. Bailey ............................ 5.00 Mary E. Walker ........................ 5.00 Dr. Charles S. Tuttle ...................—*«** 5.00- Mrs. James F. Magee ................... 5.00 Mrs. Beatrice Ainsworth ................ 5.00 Mrs. Emma W. Stafford ................ 5.00 Mary Hobson Brown ................... 5.00 Mr. Louis J. Dorp ...................... 5.00 Mrs. J. Lloyd Coates.................... 5.00 Ellen K. Mclnnes ....................... 5.00 Gertrude Gilbert ....................... 5.00 Airs. Charles S. Stiff! ................... 5.00 Al r. S. H. Wilson, Jr. ..:................ 5.00 Mrs. Edward F. Henson ................ 5.00 Airs. Carmen Ryan Houck .............. 5.00 Marv C. Crease......................... 5.00 Mr. A. I. B. Ingersoll ................... 5.00 Airs. H. Weir .......................... 5.00 Miss Clara Streeb ...................... 5 00 Aliss Elizabeth Meigs ................... 5.00 Airs. Anna Rhinlob Roth ................ 5.00 Airs. Eliza Alwine ...................... 5.00 Airs. George L. Weist .................. 5.00 Airs. Alarion L. Pepper ................. 5.00 Miss Mary S. Febiger .................. 5.00 Miss Emily Philler ..................... 5.00 Miss Edith Burt....................... 5.00 Miss Harriet Deaver ..................,. 5.00 Florence A. Plummer ................... 5 00 Edith Wilde Keerer .................... 5 00 Clara Tracy Hampton .................. 5.00 Miss M. Cock .......................... 5 00 Mr. A. J. Smallwood ................... 5 00 Mrs. James Telfer...................... 5.00 Airs. Zantzinger ........................ 5.00 Air. Herbert Clark ..................... 5.00 Mr. Hiram H. Keller ................... 5.00 Mrs. Edgar Heston ..................... 5 00 ^Hss Dorothy Renwick.................. 5.00 Miss Clare Rounsevell .................. 5.00 229 CASH DONATIONS—Continued Miss Anne H. Denniston Mrs. Frank Biles ....... Isabel Bartin Wetherill . . Susan B. Bullitt ........ Mrs. Latto Hammerslex ., Language Fund ......... Miss Sabina Kehr ...... Aliss Edith Davies ..... Francis C. Wright ...... "In His Name" ......... Mrs. J. Shipley Dixon .. Mrs. C. Alarshall Scull . Irene H. Keyser ........ Laura P. Storm ........ Miss Mary AlcCalla .... Mrs. Wm. J. Taylor .... Dr. Philip Rovno ....... Francis Darby Davis Dr. Joseph Birdsall ..... Mary E. Kennedy ...... L. F. Haines ........... $5.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.60 2.50 2.50 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Christine F. C. Piatt ................... Air. T. Harper ........................ Air. Charles Lowie ..................... Mr. Levi Stratton ..................... Dr. Arthur E. Billings .................. Airs. Clara Langstaff ................... Airs. Harry Wilson .................... Aliss Stelwagon ....................... Airs. E. H. Speakman ................... Miss Lake Johnson..................... Aliss Barndollar ........................ Airs. Jackson ........................... Airs. Charles A. Bannard ............... Al rs. Cohen ............................ Aliss Mary Smith ....................... Aliss Edith Smith ....................... Dr. J. Al. Ellzey........................ Special Nurses of University of Pennsyl- vania Hospital ........................ $2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 $106,683.91 FUNDS OTHER THAN CONTRIBUTIONS Sale of Equipment to Army Medical Supply Depot............................. $1,689.00 Sale of Equipment to Post Exchange Base Hospital Xo. 20...................... 506.48 Sale of Refrigerator to Y. W. C. A............................................ 400.00 Sale of Refrigerator to Linden Hall Seminary................................. 300.00 Interests on Bank Deposits to September 1, 1919 .............................. 536.19 Rebates and Refunds from Dealers ........................................... 76.60 Trucking Coal Base Hospital Xo. 20 O. M...................................... 10.00 3,518.27 Cash from Contributors...................................................... 106,683.91 Total Cash ................................................................ $110,202.18 DONORS OF PERSONAL SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT The University of Pennsylvania Hospital Red Cross Auxiliary, xvith Airs. W. XV. Arnett as President, performed enormous labor in raising cash for purchase of raw materials and in ex- pending personal effort in making up for the Base Hospital its supply of hospital linen, hospital garments and surgical dressings for wounds, as xvell as many necessities and comforts for the entire personnel, such as sweaters, helmets, scarfs, wristlets, socks, "house xvives," "comfort bags," soap, sugar, etc., etc. Mrs. John G. Clark's Committee supplied knitted goods and 150 "house xvives" to the enlisted men. Mrs. T. Mitchell Hastings' Committee procured large quantities of woolen yarn, sxveaters, muff- lers, helmets, xvristlets and socks. Mrs. John B. Deaver provided each of the 65 nurses xvith a "comfort kit." Mrs. Edward Martin subscribed to numerous medical and current magazines, and presented a set of Yictrola Records of French Lessons. University of Pennsylvania Faculty Tea Club—Surgical supplies. One anonymous donor through Dr. John G. Clark—Brooms, brushes, mops, xvhite enamel- xvare and hot xvater bags. Mt. Airy Red Cross Auxiliary, Xo. 8—An ambulance. Mercantile Club—An ambulance. Wall & Ochs—Ophthalmic instruments. Daughters of American Revolution—Ten boxes of surgical supplies. The Southeastern Pennsylvania Chapter of the American Red Cross provided storage space for the larger part of the Base Hospital equipment and paid insurance thereon. 230 DONORS OF PERSONAL SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT—Continued Mrs. E. de Schweinitz—Supply of eyeshades. Miss Jane W. Morris—Eye bandages and knitted surgical sponges. Miss Margaret Latta—Knitted surgical sponges. Mrs. D. H. Strickland, of Erie, Pa.—Case of surgical instruments. Mrs. Robert Coyle, Ventnor, N. J.—Surgical dressings. Mrs. Hazleton, Salem, N. J.—Bandages. Mrs. F. H. Straxvbridge—Sixteen hot xvater bottles for nurses. Improved Order of Red Men of Pennsylvania—Touring Car and three motorcycles. Mrs. George D. Foxvle—Forty pounds coffee. Several Donors, through Miss M. I. Collins—Ten pounds coffee, and rubber air cushion. American League Base Ball Club of Philadelphia—Twelve base ball uniforms. Clarke Griffith's Base Ball Committee—Base ball equipment. Mrs. D. Webster Dougherty—Ether. The Philadelphia North American—Txvo knitted army blankets and books of songs. Miss Theresa Murphy—A Mimeograph. From "R. J. A."—Six sets of boxing gloves, eight foot balls, two basket balls. Mrs. Mary M. Allison and Friends—Pilloxys, army blankets, sxveaters, mufflers, socks, helmets, xyristlets, xvash cloths, pipes, tobacco, candy, fruitcakes and crutches. Miss Annie R. Stevenson—Five dozen bath towels and five dozen xvash cloths. Mrs. H. M. W. Anschutz—Books. Miss Eleanor Roedelheim—Xumerous sxveaters, xyristlets, scarfs and large quantities of candies for the 1917 Xmas party. Mrs. C. H. Kline—Pies. Mrs. Somer Smith—Pies. Mrs. B. F. Baer—Fruit cake and knitted socks. Mrs. John H. Musser, Jr.—Scarfs, wristlets and helmets. Mrs. XV. G. McKechney—Sweaters and other knitted goods, ginger cakes, oranges and apples. American Red Cross—Nine "comfort kits." Mrs. J. P. Wickersham Crawford—One knitted blanket. Miss Catherine Dixon—A dozen pillows. E. P. Dolbey & Co.—Two Thermostats for Electrical Incubators. Mr. E. I. Scott—One box toilet equipment. Unknown Donor—Fifty pounds woolen yarn. Students of Drexel Institute—Thirty nurses' sweaters. Mrs. B. M. Anspach—A knitted blanket. Electric Storage Battery Co.—A storage battery. Donor unknown—153 prayer books. Junior War Workers, Lehigh Avenue Baptist Church—One kitted ambulance robe. Miss Carrie J. Hardt—Knitted socks. Mrs. Dorothy D. Groves—One knitted blanket. Mrs. G. M. Piersol—Knitted goods. Miss E. Murphy—Knitted goods. Mrs. William Pratt—Knitted goods. Mrs. Joseph Clark—Knitted goods. Mrs. T. G. Miller—Knitted blanket. The Athletic Association of the University of Pennsylvania donated the use of their Training House, Gymnasium and Athletic Field (Franklin Field) with equipment during the en- tire period of mobilization. Friars' Senior Society University of Pennsylvania assisted in enrolling the enlisted personnel. Hon. John C. Bell and his office force rendered valuable legal assistance in securing passports. Major Edxvard Martin and his colleagues in the Military School of Surgery at the University Hospital gave instruction to the Officers of the Unit. 231 The Managers. Superintendents and Head Nurses of the Hoxvard Hospital, the Polyclinic Hos- pital, the Presbyterian Hospital and the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, as x\'cll as the Resident Physicians, Anesthetists and Pharmacist, of the last named hospital, gen- erously provided instruction to the enlisted men in various branches of hospital work. Professor J. P. W. Crawford of the College Department of the University gave instruction in French. Professor John J. Morris of the Engineering Department of the University instructed the ( )Hicers in the manufacture of splints. Dr. Samuel S. Kneass. extended the courtesies of his laboratory and gave extensive instruction in Bacteriology. The University Medical School opened xvide the doors of its building to the personnel of the Unit. Dr. O. H. Plant gave extensive instructions. Dr. Joseph P>. Nylin taught the latest methods in Hydrotherapy. Dr. Henry K. Pancoast demonstrated the whys and wherefores of the X-Ray. Mr. S. B. Locks of the University Power House tutored the enlisted men. The Thomas W. Evans Institute furnished instruction and performed dental work for the enlisted men. Sergeants Pettit and Bell, Acting Sergeant Pendleton and Privates Fox and Waters contributed the use of their automobiles. The Board of Managers of the University Hospital entertained the Officers and Xurses at a tea. The Management of Keith's Theatre provided free passes to their performances. The Philomusian Club, Mrs. Walter Hancock, Chairman, entertained the out-of-town enlisted men at Sunday dinner. Dr. David M. Steele conducted special religious services at the Church of St. Luke's and the Epiphany, and presented the proceeds of the generous collection to the Hospital Ex- change. Rev. Alexander MacColl conducted special religious services at the Second Presbyterian Church, and devoted a generous collection to the Hospital Exchange. Mr. W. H. Heulings, Jr.—Cigarettes. Dr. John B. Deaver—Farexxell band concert. The splendid activities of the Welfare Committee under Mrs. Edward Martin as Chair- man are detailed on pages 166 and 167. 232 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 The attached lists contain the names of all Officers, Xurses, Enlisted Men, Reconstruction Aides and American Civilian Employees who had active service with U. S. A. Base Hospital Xo. 20. The absence of the notation "Joined" or "Attached" opposite any name indicates the indi- vidual was one of the original members of the organization and xvith the exception of Captain Rogers Israel, Sergeants Joseph Howard Berry and Caleb F. Fox, Jr., and Private, first class, Russell F. Mitchell all sailed for France on Board the U. S. S. Leviathan on April 24, 1918. The absence of the notation "Detached" or "Trans." indicates the individual was on active duty with Base Hospital Xo. 20 until its several detachments landed in the United States from various transports between March 11 and April 28, 1919. In addition to the changes indicated, many of the personnel, especially officers, were away on "detached duty" for varying periods xvithout having been "relieved of duty" at Base Hos- pital No. 20. The official assignments of the enlisted men are given as of date of November 15, 1918. The duties of many of them varied considerably during their period of service with Base Hos- pital Xo. 20. OFFICERS NAME RANK Adams, Randolph G.........2d Lt., Q.ALC. Atkinson, A. A.............Captain, At.C.. . ADDRESS 325 S. 43d St., Philadelphia, Pa. Dorris, Calif. Baer, Benjamin F., Jr........Major, Al.C. Barker, Frank P. K..........Lt., D.C... . Bates, William .............Major, At.C. Birdsall, Joseph C..........Captain, M.C. Bjerring, Constantine L......ATajor, M.C Bolt, James Lewis .........Captain, Al.C. Booth, George B...........Captain, At.C. Cady, Frank C..............Lt., D.C..... Carnett, John Berton .......Lt. Col., At.C. Carroll, William E. Lt., M.C... Clemens, Edward L.........Captain, At.C. .2039 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. . Gladwyne, Alontgomery County, Pa. 124 S. 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa. .4610 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. .45 Williams St., Nexv York City .242 E. Alain St., Easley, Pickens Co., S. Car. .506 Adams Ave., Toledo, Ohio , U. S. Public Health Service, 6900 Selmar Ave., St. Louis, Mo. . 123 S. 20th St., Philadelphia, Pa. . LTndercliff Hospital, Meriden, Conn. 1542 N. 12th St. Philadelphia, Pa. SERVICE Commissioned Nov. 23, 1918 Quartermaster Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Medical Detached Nov. 23, 1918 Ophthalmological Detached Nov. 25, 1918 Dental Detached Oct. 17, 1918 Mess Officer Post Exchange Officer Nfedical Supply Officer Surgical Surgical Team No. 61 Urological Detached March 2, 1919 Joined Sept. 28, 1918 Tuberculosis Detached Jan. 4, 1919 Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Medical Detached Dec. 1, 1918 Joined Sept. 1, 1918 Orthopedic Detached Dec. 23, 1918 Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Dental Detached Dec. 24, 1918 Director C. O. Surgical Team No. 62 Commanding Officer Joined Nov. 24, 1918 Medical and Surgical Detached Feb. 4, 1919 Surgical Detached Feb. 7, 1919 233 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 OFFICERS NAME Clemens, Ezra C. RANK ADDRESS Alajor, U.S.A.....Oxvatonna, Minn. Craim-r. Sherman Al.........Alajor, (J.M.C. . .17 Lawton Ave., Hartsdale, Westchester Co., N. Y. Crothers, George F.........Lt., At.C........ Alarcus Hook, Pa. Dinsmorc, John B...........Lt., At.C.........Orenco, Oregon Dotv, Foster W.............2d Lt., Q.A1.C.. .3704 Woolworth Bldg. Nexv York City Dwver, James A............2d Lt., San. C. . .6421 Beechwood St., Philadelphia, Pa. Edwards, Thomson.........Alajor, AI.R.C. . .5827 Willows Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Eliason, Eldridge L..........Lt. Col., At.C.....330 S. 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa. Fineberg, Jacob N..........Lt., At.C.........244 Eighth Ave., Astoria, Queens Co., New \ ork Gibbs, Fred L..............Lt., M.C. Goldsmith, Nathan R........Captain, At.C.....2035 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. .... Lenoir City, Tenn. Hall, Gid At................Lt., M.C. Henry, E. A'................Lt., M.C. . Coleman, Texas Hopkinson, Richard D.......Captain, Al.C.....122 York Road, Jenkintown, Pa. House, AYooster W. .Lt., M.C.........Stokes, N. C. Israel, Rogers .............Captain, A.R.C. . 437 West 6th St., Erie, Pa. Johnson, Thomas H........Colonel, At.C.....Care Surgeon General, U. S. Army, Washington, D. C Keene, Floyd E............Alajor, Al.C......Atedical Arts Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Kelley, John E.............Captain, Al.C.....30 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. Kramer, Charles W.........2d Lt., Q.M.C.... 167 East 67th St. Nexv York City, N. Y. Laxvrence, Austin L.........Lt., D.C. .85 Alain St.. Flushing, N. Y. SERVICE Joined Jan. 3, 1919 Chaplain Detached Feb. 7, 1919 Quartermaster Detached Oct. 3, 1918 Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Surgical Detached Dec. 25, 1918 Joined Aug. 24, 1918 Surgical Detached Dec. 25, 1918 Commissioned Oct., 1918 Detached Oct., 1918 Commissioned Nov. 3, 1918 Assistant Adjutant Adjutant Surgical Surgical Team No. 61 Commissioned AL R. C July 18, 1918 Chief Surgical C O. Surgical Team No. 61 Joined September 13, 1918 Medical Detached Nov. 22, 1918 Joined Aug. 24, 1918 Surgical Detached Dec. 26, 1918 Surgical Surgical Team No. 62 Joined Oct. 4, 1918 Afedical & Ophthalmological Detached Feb. 6, 1919 Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Atedical Detached Dec. 24, 1918 Atedical Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Surgical Detached Dec. 1, 1918 Chaplain Detached Jan. 3, 1919 Commanding Officer Detached July 28, 1918 Surgical Surgical Team No. 61 C. O. Surgical Team No. 62 Joined July, 1918 Surgical Detached Jan. 8, 1919 Joined Jan. 8, 1919 Command of Bakery Co. Detached Jan. 21, 1919 Joined Oct. 18, 1918 Dental Detached Dec. 1, 1918 234 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 OFFICERS NAME Laws, George AL RANK ADDRESS Major, M.R.C....2033 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. Leavitt, Frederic H..........Captain, M.C.....1519 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Leonard, George A..........Captain, M.C.....89 Circuit Ave., Waterbury, Conn. McCampbell, H. H..........Captain, M.C.....614 Walnut St., Knoxville, Tenn. AlcCormick, Arthur B.......Lt., D.C. , Waltham, Mass. Mclntire, Benjamin Al......Captain, M.C.....4833 Baltimore Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. AIcKee, Claude W..........Captain, M.C.....124 Oakland Ave., Greensburg, Pa. Martin, J. E................2d Lt., Q.M.C.. .222 Mary St., Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y. Moline, Charles ............Captain, M.C.....Alain St., Sunderland, Franklin Co., Mass. Alusser, John H., Jr.........Major, M.C......262 S. 21st St., Philadelphia, Pa. Nevitt, Philip H............Lt., M.C. Dallas, Texas Oxvens, John S.............Major, D.C......109 N. 5th St., Camden, N. J. Owens, Matthew J. I........Captain, San. C... 1237 Marlyn Road, Philadelphia, Pa. Payne, Richard J...........Major, Al.C......718 University Club Bldg. St. Louis, Mo. Pendleton, Ralph A.........Lt., San. C.......3016 Falls Creek Blvd. Indianapolis, Ind. Pettit, Nathaniel A. Lt., San. C.......433 E. Sedgwick Ave. Philadelphia, Pa. Piersol, George Alorris......Lt. Col., M.C.....1913 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. Preusser, August Lt..............306 7th Ave., N., St. Cloud, Minn. Randall, Alexander .........Major, M.C......1310 Medical Arts Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Robertson, George O.......Lt, Q.ALC....... SERVICE Surgical Surgical Team No. 62 C O. Surgical Team No. 562 Detached Dec. 28, 1918 Commissioned Al. R. C April 24, 1919 Neurological Detached Feb. 8, 1919 Joined Aug. 24, 1918 Medical Detached Dec. 25, 1918 Joined Oct. 7, 1918 X-Ray Detached Oct. 21, 1918 Joined Oct. 13, 1918 Dental Medical Joined Sept. 30, 1918 Ophthalmological Detached Dec. 23, 1918 Joined Nov. 16, 1918 Assistant Quartermaster Detached Jan. 10, 1919 Joined Sept. 13, 1918 Medical Detached Nov. 22, 1918 Medical C O. Shock Team No. 116 Chief Medical Service Joined Sept. 13, 1918 Surgical Detached Nov. 22, 1918 Chief, Dental Service Detached March 2, 1919 Commissioned Aug., 1918 Medical Supply Department Detached Nov. 6, 1918 Laryngological Commissioned Nov. 12, 1918 Aless Officer Commissioned Aug., 1918 Detachment Commander Detached Oct. 3, 1918 Chief, Medical Service Commanding Officer Detached Nov. 5, 1918 Joined Oct. 23, 1918 Chaplain Detached April 6, 1919 Urological Detached July, 1918 Joined Oct. 3, 1918 Quartermaster Detached Dec. 18, 1918 235 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 OFFICERS NAME RANK ADDRESS SERVICE Smith, W. II................2d Lt., San. C. . . Speer, William H...........Alajor, Al.C......805 West St., Wilmington, Del. Stem, Samuel G.............Captain, San. C.. . 1907 Pine St. Philadelphia, Pa. Joined Nov. 15, 1918 Laboratorv Detached Dec. 1, 1918 Joined Jan. 2, 1919 Surgical Detached Feb. 4, 1919 Commissioned June, 1918 Adjutant Detachment Commander Strode, George K...........Captain, Al.C.....International Health Board, Aledical 61 Broadway, New York C. O. Medical Team No. 116 Ullrich. Russell W..........Captain, Al.C.....182 S. Gratiot Ave., Alt. Clemens, Alichigan Joined Aug. 24, 1918 Surgical Detached Dec. 26, 1918 Williamson, Austin, Jr......Lt., Q.AI.C.......33 E. Afonroe, Jacksonville, Joined Dec. 11, 1918 Duvall County, Fla. Williams, Philip F..........Alajor, Al.C......262 S. 21st St., Philadelphia, Pa. Woods, Alan C.............Alajor, Al C......842 Park Ave., Baltimore, Aid. Zulick, Jay Donald .........Alajor, Al.C......2029 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Quartermaster Detached Feb. 9, 1919 Chief of Laboratory Sanitary Inspector Commanding Officer Chief of Laboratory Ophthalmological X-Ray NURSES NAME ADDRESS Amack, Emma .............1318 State St., Boise, Idaho..................Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Bartek, Anna ..............883 N. Locust St., Hazleton, Pa............... Bergstresser, Alarie.........124 S. 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa...............Alarried June 7, 1919 (Airs. William Bates) Bidaux, Helen .............Saegerstown, Crawford County, Pa............Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Bidaux, Louise .............Saegerstown, Crawford County, Pa............Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Bidaux, Rose ..............Saegerstown, Craxvford County, Pa............Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Bretzler, Evelyn ...........148 W. North St., Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pa......................Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Brothers, Viola ............R. D., Westover, Pa.......................... Buckxvalter, Alartha ........21 S. Hanover St., Pottstown, Pa.............Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Clingman, Elizabeth .......203 Spruce St., Winston-Salem, N. C..........Detached Jan. 13, 1919 (Airs. W. E. Vaughan Lloyd) Collins, Alinnie ............Care Chas. Ingersoll, 1112 Liberty Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa..........................Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Conant, Lucile .............820 First St., West, Weiser, Idaho............ Coombs, Elizabeth J........International Health Board, 61 Broadway, Alarried May 22, 1919 (Airs. George K. Strode) Nexv A'ork, N. Y......................... Crouch, Anna Reeves.......121 Bethlehem Pike, Chestnut Hill, Phila., Pa... Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Daley, Anna ...............1418 N. 20th St., Boise, Ada Co., Idaho.......Detached Jan. 7, 1919 Davies, Edith Af. E.........University Hospital, 3400 Spruce St., Phila., Pa.. 236 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 NURSES NAME ADDRESS Fairlamb, Mildred ..........910 S. 58th St., Philadelphia, Pa.............. Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Ferry, Nellie ..............Upper Lehigh, Luzerne County, Pa.......... Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Findlay, Elizabeth ..........9 Edgar Ave., Toronto, Ontario............. Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Foster, Lillian.............Payette, Idaho ............................. (iallagher, Letitia.......... 3439 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa............ Married Feb. 1, 1919 (Airs. Sylvester Bonaffon, Jr.) Goflf, Marie ................207 Alahanoy Ave., Girardville, Pa............ Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Grenville, Alay .............Thorold, Ontario, Canada....................Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Hawkins, Anna Lydia ......5508 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa........... Heatley, Grace .............New York Ave., Oak Bluffs, Mass............ Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Higgins, Susie Al...........464 Alartin St., Roxboro, Philadelphia, Pa..... Hoover, Anna R............811 Cooper St., Camden, N. J................ Detached Jan. 7, 1919 Howard, Nell ..............117 E. 2d St., Jacksonville, Fla................Married April 4, 1919 (Mrs. Selby E. Coffman) Hume, Alary B.............University Hospital, 3400 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa........................ Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Irwin, Edith B.............218 Chestnut St, Mifflinburg, Pa.............. Jackson, Dell ..............1314 State St, Boise, Idaho..................Alarried June 23, 1919 (Airs. W. R. Neilly) Johnson, Lake .............Romney, Hampshire County, W. Va...........Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Kegrice, Alary 0...........137 East Winter St, New Castle, Pa..........Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Kehr, Sabina ..............317 W. Grove St, Taylor, Pa................. Kreger, Mignon ...........265 Columbia Ave, Carbon Co, Palmerton, Pa.. Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Kullander, Lucy ...........Kensington, Minn...........................Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Laidlaw, Jessie .............2A Gormley Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.. . Detached Oct. 19, 1919 Landis, Rachel Sabina ......Fairfield, Adams County, Pa..................Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Laubenstein, N. Esther .....328 S. 16th St, Harrisburg, Pa................Detached Jan. 22. 1919 Louther, Margaret .........28 W. Main St, Somerset, Pa................ Lyster, Alary ..............4301 Manayunk Ave, Roxboro, Phila, Pa...... McConaughey, Grace .......Rochester Mills, Indiana County, Pa...........Detached Jan. 22, 1919 MacFetridge, Ella ..........Room 354, Pier 2, Hoboken, N. J. (Mrs. James F. Butler) (Care Captain James F. Butler)..........Detached Jan. 7, 1919 MacMillan, Grace ..........Blandburg, Pa...............................Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Miller, AL Louise ..........Elkton, Aid................................. Morrison, Emma L.........256 W. Oley St, Reading, Pa.................Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Nell, Laura ................Boise City, Idaho..........................Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Nexvman, Anna ............4610 Spruce St, Philadelphia, Pa.............Married Jan. 1, 1919 (Airs. J. C. Birdsall) Detached Jan. 7, 1919 O'Donnel, Katherine Cecilia. Care Tos. Clark, "Kates Hall," Chestnut Hill Philadelphia, Pa.........................Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Parkinson, Nettie........... Pratt, Helen ...............136 E. Church St, Urbana, Ohio............. Quigley, Catherine .........6227 Spruce St, Philadelphia, Pa.............Detached Jan. 22, 1919 237 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 NURSES NAAIE ADDRESS Rockey. Edna .............3317 Baring St, Philadelphia, Pa..............Detached Oct. 19, 1919 Schmoyer, Elizabeth........2100 South College Ave, Philadelphia, Pa......Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Shaw, Martha Emily........128 Krams Ave, Alanayunk, Phila, Pa.........Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Stephen, Clara .............108 Bridge St, Niagara Falls, Canada........ Detached Jan. 13, 1919 Stexvart, Alary Elizabeth.....173 Reservoir Place, Trenton, N. J............Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Street, Clara ...............Sexvickley A^alley Hospital, Sexvickley, Pa...... Walbert, Alary .............3401 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa............. Walsh, Alary B.............318 West Ave, Jenkintoxvn, Pa...............Detached Jan. 7, 1919 Weaver, Elizabeth .........Alountville, Lancaster County, Pa..............Detached Jan. 13, 1919 White, Hazel ..............1010 First Ave, North Payette, Idaho.........Detached Jan. 22. 1919 (Mrs. Jerome V. Fite) Alarried July 26, 1919 Whittemore, Nelle A........Keene, Coshocton County. Ohio..............Detached Jan. 22, 1919 Williams, Florence .........326 South Fifth St, Steubenville, Ohio........ (Airs. Clarence Craxvford) Wold, Bertha ...............Austin, Potter County, Pa. Detached Oct. 19, 1919 NAAIE RANK Acetta, Patrick .............Cook .. . . MEN ADDRESS ...357 Walnut St, North Adams, Mass. Adams, David H. A.........Hosp. Sgt........Paoli, Chester Co, Pa. Adams, James F............Pvt, 1/c.........Scotland, 111. Adams, Randolph G.........Sgt, 1/c.........325 S. 43d St, Philadelphia, Pa. Aiman, Samuel W..........Pvt., 1/c.........8132 Germantown Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Aldridge, Walter ...........Pvt, 1/c.........122 S. 4th St, Steubenville, Ohio Allen, Charles H...........Pvt, 1/c.........121 N. Alain St, Aliamisburg, Ohio Allison, George W.........Pvt, 1/c.........Delmar-Morris Apts, Germantown, Phila, Pa. Alnes, Arthur S............Pvt. Thief River Falls, Minn. Ambler, Samuel W.........Cook ...........2017 E. Cornwall St, Philadelphia, Pa. Ambuehl, Caryl E..........Pvt, 1/c.........Farina, Illinois Anderson, Paul C..........Pvt, 1/c. Anderson, Paul J...........Cpl. Andrexvs, Charles B.........Cook ...........First National Bank, Globe, Arizona OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NOV. 15, 1918 Cook Joined Aug. 14, 1918 In charge Surgical Bldg. Military Patrol Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Quartermaster Sergeant Com. 2d Lt, Q.AI.C, Nov, 1918 Alotor Detail Trans. Oct. 16, 1918 Hospital Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Headquarters Orderly Asst. to Ward Master Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Cook Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Orderly, Dental Sec. Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Baker, attached Bakery Co. No. 2, Q.AI.C Cook Joined July 6, 1918 238 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN NAME RANK ADDRESS Arnold, Joseph Rogers.......Pvt, 1/c.........Chevrolet Motor Co, 57th and Broadway, New York City Ashey, Edward ............Pvt, 1/c......... Atkins, John G..............Pvt.............4167 Halldale Ave, Los Angeles, Calif. Austin, Earl J. . ............Pvt, 1/c. Avery, Harry R............Pvt, 1/c. R. F. D. No. 1, Box 21, Albany, Oregon Barkalow, Rees H..........Sgt,R.R.&C Srv. 21 Hudson St, Freehold, N. J. Barlett, Albert F...........Pvt, 1/c.........1328 N. 57th St, Philadelphia, Pa. Barnes, Oliver .............Pvt............. Bass, Buford ...............Pvt............. Bassoff, Herman ...........Pvt............. Bates, Lester ..............Pvt. Baumgardner, Campbell ....Pvt. Becker, Walter B...........Pvt, 1/c. 14 Alapel Ave, Newton, Catawba County, N. C 2256 N. 16th St, Philadelphia, Pa. Becker, William E.........Pvt.............916 W. 35th St, Chicago, Illinois Beggs, Samuel Pvt.............4108 Brown St, Philadelphia, Pa. Bell, de Benneville .........Sgt, 1/c.........229 S. 22d St., Philadelphia, Pa. Bell, Oliver ................Pvt. Berg, Karl .................Pvt, 1/c. Berry, Alex................Pvt..... Berry, Joseph H, Jr.........Sgt..... Berry, Simp ...............Pvt, 1/c. OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NOV. 15, 1918 Bertazzi, Henry E..........Pvt, 1/c.........Orcutt, Calif. Alilitary Patrol Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 191S Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Patient, Co. B, 104th Inf. Joined Jan. 16. 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Alilitary Patrol Trans. Dec, 1918 Clerk, Q.AI. Office Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Orderly Joined Sept. 12. 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Orderly, Officers' Quarters Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Patient, 9th Balloon Co. S. Chauffeur Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Orderly, Isolation Section Trans. April, 1919 Mail Department, attached Trans. Feb. 1, 1919 Patients' Clothing and Effects Department Joined Sept. 25, 1918 1st Sgt. of Det. from Oct. 12, 1918 Trans. Feb. 2, 1919 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Baker, attached Bak. Co. No. 2, Q.AI.C Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Trans. Jan, 1918 Com. 2d Lt, U. S. Inf. Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Alotor Detail Joined Aug. 14. 1918 239 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN X A Al E RAX K ADDRESS Bibb, Fay H............ ............Pvt.............1819 Spruce St.. Hannibal, Alo. Biddle, Thaddeus A.........Pvt.. 1/c.........2024 Broad Ave. Altoona, Pa. Bishop, Jesse W............Pvt............. Blacer, Charles......... Blake, George H........ Boheim, Frank ....... Boneparte, John ............Pvt, 1/c Booker, James G............Pvt, 1/c Boone, Frank L............Pvt, 1/c Boone, Luther .............Pvt, 1/c Bowers, Harry YV..........Pvt, 1/c Pvt.. 1/c.........137 Grove St, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sgt, 1/c.........2333 N. 21st St, Philadelphia, Pa. Pvt.............4<)4 25th St., Milwaukee, Wis. .2840 W. Huntingdon St, Philadelphia, Pa. Boyd, Harold S. Cpl.............4950 Hazel Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Boyle, G. E................cgt.............205 Clifton Ave, Xewark, N. J. Bradbury, William A........Pvt, 1/c.........1744 N. 62d St, Philadelphia, Pa. Bravener, Sturgis C.........Pvt............R. F. D. No. 3, Fredericksburg, Ohio Brenner, Frederick A.......Pvt, 1/c.........117 N. 50th St, Philadelphia, Pa. Broxvn, Irvin C ........Pvt.............R. F. D. No. 2, Shannon City, Iowa Broxvn, Sam ...............Pvt., 1/c.........Ackerman, Choctaw Co, Mississippi Bruce, Robert W....... Buckman, Franklin P. . . Budetti, Jean ..............Pvt., 1/c Pvt.............^03 Lodi St, Elyria, Ohio Cook ...........12 Carroll St, Trenton, N. J. 4155 Ridee Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Buehler, Luther A..........Cpl.............6431 West Chester Road, Philadelphia, Pa. Burgard, Webster C........Pvt.............5329 Cote Brillante Ave, St. Louis, Mo. Burhans, Clifford ..........Pvt............. OFFICIAL ASSIGN M EXT NOW 15. 1918 Orderly Joined "Aug. 14, I'M8 Patients' Clothing and Effects Department Patient, Co. B, Nth M. G. Bn. Joined Dec. 16, PH8 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Butcher Joined Aug. 14, 1918 In charge Quartermaster Office Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Tel. Operator, attached Signal Corps Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Patient, 8th Co, 5th Marines Mil. Pat. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Chauffeur, M. T. C Attached Military Patrol Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Cleaning detail Trans. July, 1918 X-Ray Assistant Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Cook Trans. Alarch, 1919 Barber Laboratory Asst. Mess Department Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Laundryman, Q.M.C Attached 240 XAAIE Butler, John W. PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN RANK ADDRESS ........Pvt, 1/c......... Cake, Clarence .............Cook .Cacoosing Ave, Sinking bprings, Berks Co, Pa. Cameron, Joseph N.........Pvt, 1/c.........1441 N. 56th St, Philadelphia, Pa. Carlin, Charles E...........Cook ........... Carlin, Walter D...........Cook ...........631 Olive St, Coatesville, Pa. Carlson, A. Verner T........Pvt, 1/c.........135 Seventh Ave, Aloline, 111. Carr, George, Jr............Pvt. 4620 Worth St, Philadelphia, Pa. Carrigan, Charles W.........Sgt.............Real Estate Dept, Penna. R. R, Broad St. Station, Philadelphia, Pa. Carroll, Henry J............Pvt.............115 N. 8th St, Fall River, Mass. Casey, Herbert S............Sgt, 1/c. . . . Casey Robert R.............Pvt, 1/c.........Oakes, North Dakota 235 Kent Road, Wynnewood, Pa. Chauncey, Alvin ............Pvt..... Chestnut, Victor I..........Pvt, 1/c. .... 703 Wharton St, Philadelphia, Pa. Christoff, Louis B...........Pvt, 1/c.........Russell Ave, Patton, Pa. Chubb, Charles F...........Pvt, 1/c.........447 W. 3d St, Alt. Carmel, Pa. Cleary, Thomas J...........Cpl............. Clingerman, C. E...........Pvt Clinton, Howard ....... Cohen, Philip ..............Pvt, 1/c Pvt.............858 52d St., Brooklyn, N. Y. .....34 Crawford St, Roxbury, Mass. Cohen, Samuel .......'......Pvt, 1/c.........77 Ave. C, Nexv York, N. A'. Colbert, Arthur E..........Pvt, 1/c.........S. Windham, Conn. Cole, Raymond F...........Pvt.............116 Auburn St, Amesbury, Alass. Collier, Tom ...............Pvt............. OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIEXT NOV. 15, 1918 Patient, M.D, 305th M.G. Bn. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Cook Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Barracks Guard Cook Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Cook Hospital Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Wardmaster, T. B. Ward Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 In charge Hospital Bldg. Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Laundryman, attached 318th Laundry Unit, Q.M.C. Orderly Orderly Orderly Joined Aug. 14. 1918 Patient, Co. G, 30th Inf. Mess Department Joined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng, S. C. Military Patrol Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 12, 1919 Military Patrol Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Toined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11. 1919 Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. 241 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 XAAIE Collins, Alexander P. RANK MEN ADDRESS Sgt, 1/c, A1.D....1124 N. Wahsatch Ave. Colorado Springs, Col. Conners, John .............Pvt, 1/c. .... 284 Summit Ave, Jersey City, N. J. Connor, Franklin G.........Sgt.............1552 E. Alontgomery Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Coulman, Ray H............Alast. Hosp. Sgt.. Personnel Division, Care Surgeon General's Office, Washington, D. C Covell, Ralph ..............Pvt............. 129 N. 53d St, Philadelphia, Pa. Cox, Huntley E.............Pvt, 1/c..... Crawford, Russell S.........Pvt.............Alarova, 111 Cronin, John J..............Pvt............. Crooks, Ivan ...............Sgt. .4253 Ridge Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Crooks, Thomas, Jr.........Pvt, 1/c.........22 E. Central Ave, S. Williamsport, Pa. Cullinan, John J............Pvt., 1/c......... Culp, William Clifford.......Sgt.............Leopard Road, Berwyn, Pa. Datka, Adam ...............Pvt. Davies, Evan E.............Sgt, 1/c. Davis, David, Jr............Pvt, 1/c. 734 Seventh Ave, Milwaukee, Wis. 4028 Powelton Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. 1307 E. Susquehanna Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Davis, Emerson P..........Cook ...........705 Alahoning St, Punxsutaxvney, Pa. .259 Prairie Ave, Springfield Ohio 1609 K St, Sacramento, Calif. Davis, James L.............Pvt, 1/c. . . . Davis, Roscoe C............Pvt, 1/c.. . . Davison, P. B, .............Pvt, 1/c......... Dean, Henry Earl..........Pvt, 1/c.........Cold Spring, Ky. Deatelhouser, Chas E........Pvt.............Cumberland, Aid. Deibert, Charles J...........Sgt.............Chester Y. Al. C A. Chester, Pa. OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15, 1918 Patients' Clothing and Effects Department Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Alarch, 1919 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 In charge of Hospital Bldg. Trans. Alarch 1, 1918 Com. 1st Lt, San. C Engineer Detail Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Orderly, Q.AI. Office Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Aless Department Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Charge of Sanitation and Plumbing Charge Cleaning Detail Undertaker Joined July 14, 1918 Trans. Oct. 17, 1918 Clerk, Registrar Office Trans. Feb. 8, 1919 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 12, 1919 Charge of Disciplinary Ward Surgical Dispensary Cook Hospital Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Hospital Orderlv Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Engineer attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Hospital Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Clerk, Registrar Office Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Genito-Urinary Sgt. Trans. Alarch, 1919 242 NAAIE PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN RANK ADDRESS Dempsey, Leonard J........Pvt............. . 166 Fall Brook Road, Carbondale, Pa. Dettman, Fred W...........Pvt.............Care Walter Hein, Stan- wood, Cedar Co, Ioxva Devine, Richard J..........Pvt.............521 Jackson Ave, Jersey City, N. J. Diamond, Samuel...........Pvt............. Dibble, J. A................Pvt............. Diedreck, Andrexv ..........Sgt.............4637 Richmond St, Philadelphia, Pa. Dixon, Norman V...........Pvt.............6712 Vermont Ave, St. Louis, AIo. Donovan, Jeremiah J.......Pvt.............1330 Hancock St, Brooklyn, N. Y. Dorizas, Alichael Al. Sgt, 1/c.........Logan Hall, U. of Pa, Philadelphia, Pa. Dornbush, Gerrit ...........Pvt.............Westfield, Emmons County, N. D. Doty, Foster W............Sgt, 1/c.........3704 Woolworth Bldg, New York City Dougherty, Joseph F........Sgt, 1/c.........2029 E. Willard St, Philadelphia, Pa. Doyle, Chester J............Pvt, 1/c..........Ashville, Pa. Dunn, Walter F............Pvt, 1/c.........Falls Road, Philadelphia, Pa. Durbin, William Holmes.....Sgt.............231 Narberth Ave, Narberth, Pa. Dxvyer, James A............Sgt, 1/c.........6421 Beechwood St., Ger- mantown, Phila, Pa. Edxvards, George S, Jr.......Cook ...........Alays Landing, N. J. Eleyet, Clayton H..........Pvt., 1/c......... Eliason, Hiram B...........Sgt, 1/c.........330 S 16th St, Philadelphia, Pa. Elsasser, Albert R..........Cpl.............Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. Emerson, Horace J..........Cpl............. OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NOV. 15, 1918 Epting, John ...............Pvt- Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Chauffeur, Al. T. C, attached X-Ray Operator Clerk, Registrar Office Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 1st Sgt. of Det. & Interpreter, Aug. 5, 1918, to Oct. 12, 1918 Trans. Oct. 12, 1918 Mess Department Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Oct, 1918 Com. 2d Lt, Q.ALC, Oct, 1918 (Wardmaster) On D. S. with Surgical Team K. P. (night) Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Wardmaster Trans. Feb. 8, 1919 Motor Detail Headquarters Com. 2d Lt, San. C, Oct, 1918 Cook Baker, attached Bak. Co. No. 2, Q.AI.C. Sgt. in charge of Aledical Supply Dept. Wardmaster Patient, Co. E, 304th Supp. Train Aless Department Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. 243 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT XAME RANK ADDRESS NOV. 15, 1^18 Evert, Edward P...........Cook ........... Cook Toined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Farabaugh, George W.......Hosp. Sgt........1808 Eighth Ave, Anesthetist Altoona, Blair Co, Pa. Trans. Feb. 10, 1919 Filkins, Elmer C............Pvt.............1201 First Ave, Eng. Detail Missouri \Talley, Ioxva Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Fineberg, Jacob ............Sgt.............2127 E. Auburn St, Electrician Philadelphia, Pa. Fjeldahl, Swen .............pvt.............Bowbells, N. D. Carpenter Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Foley, Richard J............Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Foss, John C...............Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Fox, Caleb F, Jr............Sgt.............Ogontz, Pa. Patients' Clothing and Effects Department Freyne, James..............Pvt............. Mess Detail Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Furey, Emmett.............Pvt, 1/c.........782 N. Taney St, Military Patrol Philadelphia, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Fye, Rush .................Bug............. Patient, Co. A, 147th Inf. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Gandy, Charles W, Jr.......Pvt.............1243 E. Chelten Ave, Ger- Cook mantown, Phila, Pa. Ganus, Sterling R...........Pvt.............417 N. Taft St, Orderly Okmulgee, Okla. Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Gardiner, Frank Delos, Jr---Pvt, 1/c.........39 Wesley St, Newton, Mass. Motor Detail Geltzer, Harry .............Pvt............. Laundryman, attached 318th Laundry Unit Geniale, Salvatore ..........Pvt..............1103 Third Ave, Orderly New Kensington, Pa. Sept. 25, 1918 Gibson, William W.........Pvt............. Patient, Hdqrs. Co, 60th Inf. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Giese, James H.............Pvt............. Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Jan. 13, 1919 Ginney, Edwin R............Pvt, 1/c......... .62 Ewing St, Peru, Military Patrol Aliami County, Indiana Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Ginther, William H.........Pvt............. Patient, Co. I, 314th Inf Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Gioannini, Carlo............Pvt.............South Range, Alich. Orderly Joined Aug. 14, 1^18 Trans. Aug. 19, lfl8 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Glassman, Charles..........Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 244 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NAAIE RANK ADDRESS NOV. 15, 1918 Glowacki, Stanyslaw........Pvt.............1064 Twelfth Ave, Orderly Milwaukee, Wis. Joined Aug. 14, 1918 Trans. Aug. 19, 1918 Rejoined Jan. 11, 1919 Golli, James............___Pvt......... Patient, Co. A, 147th Inf. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Goode, Thomas F...........Pvt.............188 Engert Ave, Orderly Brooklyn, N. Y. , Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Gordon, Glenn .............Pvt............. F. A. Attached Orderly Grauer, William C..........Pvt, Inf.........3203 Turner St, Patient, Co. I, 315th Inf. Philadelphia, Pa. Orderly Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Grimes, W. J...............Pvt............. Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Groblewski, Bernard........Pvt, 1/c.........Lance Hill, Plymouth, Barracks Guard Luzerne County, Pa. Grossman, Joseph N........Pvt, 1/c.........321 S. Oak St, Mt. Carmel, Wardmaster Northumberland Co, Pa. Hagert, Henry S............Sgt, 1/c.........320 S. 11th St, Sgt. in charge of Detachment Philadelphia, Pa. Office Haines, Charles C...........Pvt.............R. F. D. No. 1, Alotor Detail ^ Jeannette, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Hall, Horace P.............Pvt, 1/c.........5342 Spruce St, Alilitary Patrol Philadelphia, Pa. Hamra, Emil ...............Pvt, 1/c.........R. F. D. No. 3, Patient, Co. I, 362d Inf. Watsonville, Calif. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Hammel, George H........Pvt.............108 E. Haines St, Orderly Germantown, Phila, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Hanlon, Joseph H...........Pvt, 1/c.........519 E. Center St, Mahanoy Medical Supply Dept. City, Schuylkill County, Pa. Hanna, Joseph .............Cpl.............1619 South St, (Mil. Pat.) on D. S. Philadelphia, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Harden, Walton............Pvt, 1/c......... Barracks Guard Joined July 14, 1918 Trans. Dec. 10, 1918 Harris, Eddid ..............Cpl............. '. Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Harvey, James .............Pvt.............290 Lynn St, Orderly Maiden, Mass. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Harvey, Samuel B..........Pvt, 1/c.........Allegheny Ave. and Janney Urological Assistant St, Philadelphia, Pa. Hawkins, Joseph F..........Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Hebrank, Gilbert ......V. . . Pvt.............302 Darlington St, Plumbing Detail Jeannette, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Hoekstra,^lobert ...........Pvt, 1/c.........Lafayette, Indiana Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Hellyar, Merrick W.........Pvt.............14 Squier St, Cook Palmer, Alass. Trans. June 4, 1918 245 X A M E PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN RANK ADDRESS Helman, Meade Charles.....Pvt.............Fifth Avenue, Grapeville, Pa. Heltsley, Ollie Al...........Pvt. Kirkmansville, Ky Henderson, Otis L,.........Pvt.............114 Harrison Ave. Jeannette, Pa. Henkle, Charles W..........Pvt, 1/c......... OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15. 1918 Hennegan, Joseph P........Pvt.............37 Eliot St, Watertoxvn, Alass. Hennessy, Thomas E.......Pvt.............49 Waterville St., Waterbury, Conn. Henry, Fay D. ...._.........Pvt............. Heplar, Laird ..............Pvt.............314 Spring St, Greensburg, Pa. Herber, Eugene P..........Pvt., 1/c.........910 Tilden Ave, E. Las Vegas, Nexv Alexico Heuer, Frederick A.........Sgt, 1/c.........115 Goxven Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Higgins, Edxvard S.........Pvt.............Youngswood, Pa. Hill, Samuel ...............Pvt.............90 Elm Street, Coronna, Long Island Hinton, James..............Pvt, 1/c......... Hoffner, Warren E..........Pvt, 1/c.........25 N. 39th St, Phila, Pa. Hogan, Jerry A.............Sgt.............5804 Center Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa. Holcombe, Donald B........Pvt.............Postoffice, Asbury Park, Nexv Jersey Holmquist, Frank P........Pvt.............R. F. D. No. 2, Axtell, Kearney Co, Nebraska Hood, Earl A...............Pvt............. Hoops, Ralph ..............Pvt............. Horning, Richard Al........Pvt............. Horko, Carl N...............Cpl.............2530 S. 63d St, Philadelphia, Pa. Hoss, William C............Pvt, 1/c.........1250 E. Columbia Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Hottel, Harry A............Pvt.............63 Jenks Street, Brookville, Pa. Houck, Earl H..............Sgt.............Care Oxvens Bottle Alachin- ery Co, Fairmont, W. Va. Hoxvard, William H........Sgt.............Care C. L. Borie, Rydal, Pa. Patients' Clothing and Effects Department Joined Sept. 23, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderlv Toined" Sept. 12. 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Telephone Instal. Joined Sept. 25, 1818 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 16, 1918 (In charge Hosp. Bldg.) On D. S. at Tours Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Telephone Instal. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Painter Wardmaster Joined Sept. 25, 1918 .Mail Dept, attached Mil. P. E. S. Trans. Feb. 1, 1919 Joined July 12, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Laboratory Assistant Clerk, Registrar Office Trans. Alarch, 1919 Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderly, Operating Room Trans. Alarch, .1919 In charge Officers' Quarters Trans. Feb. 13, 1919 246 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN NAAIE RANK ADDRESS Howell, Harry H...........Pvt............. OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15, 1918 Howes, Ashley E...........Sgt, 1/c. Hubbell, Ora...............Pvt..... Hudson, Herbey D..........Pvt. .. . . 50 Elk Avenue, Nexv Rochelle, N. Y. Hughes, Clarence Virgil .... Sgt.............1304 Arch St, Phila, Pa. Hutchens, Hubert ..........Pvt............. Hynan, John...............Pvt..... Iezzi, Pasquale .............Pvt..... Isaacs, Herbert G...........Pvt.............Ivanhoe, Pa ....221 Fifth Ave, ^//New Kensington, Pa. Jackson, David A...........Pvt.............726 Bluff St, Fulton, Callaway Co, AIo. Jae, John G.................Pvt. Jeannette, Pa. James, Benjamin E..........Sgt, 1/c.........223 Market St, Johnstown, Pa. Johnson, Albert P..........Pvt............. Johnson, John W, Jr........Cook...........89 Chester Ave, Coatesville, Pa. Johnson, William B.........Pvt............. Johnson, William R.........Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Dental Assistant Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 10, 1918 Patient, 78th Co, 6th Marines Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Post Inspector Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Wardmaster Alilitary Patrol Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Cook Toined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Johnston, Thomas J.........Pvt, 1/c.........323 Rochester St, Fulton, Clerk, Det. Office Oswego County, N. Y. Jones, Harry C.............Sgt. Jones, Harry I..............Pvt. Jones, Herbert L...........Cook ...........439 N. 11th St, Lebanon, Pa. Jones, Richard A........ Jones, Rufus B.............Pvt, 1/c Joseph, George ......... Jskalian, Hovannes A.......Cook Justice, Raymond F.........Pvt. Sgt.............158 Sunbury St, Shamokin, Pa. Joined Tuly 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Cook Trans. Feb, 1919 Supervisor, Patients' Mess .931 Grand St, Dayton, (Surgical Orderly) Montgomery County, Ohio On D. S. with Surg. Team Pvt.............1069 Fourth Ave, Xew Kensington, Pa. Kain, Nathan ..............Pvt. Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Cook Trans. Oct, 1918 Military Patrol Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 247 XAME RAXK Kaluznv, Frank ............Pvt, 1/c, Kaphezezis, Denis ..........Pvt..... PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN ADDRESS OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15. 1918 .1265 Second Ave, Xexv Kensington, Pa. Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Patient, Co. E, 304th Eng. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Katz, Alelvin L.............Pvt.............4740 Ingleside Ave, Chicago, Trans. July 11, 1918 Cook Countx', 111. Kearney, George F. Sgt.............2226 N. 16th St, Philadelphia, Pa. In charge Hospital Bldg. Trans. Aug. 25, 1918 Keener, Paul C.............Pvt.............536 George St, Greensburg, Wardmaster Westmoreland County, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Kelley, Henry Paul..... Kelly, Benjamin F..........Pvt Pvt, 1/c.........N. E. Cor. 35th St. and Powelton Ave, Phila, Pa. Kelly, John B...............M. H. Sgt.......3665 Alidvale Ave, East Falls, Philadelphia, Pa. Kemerer, Albert B.........Pvt.............Export, Pa. Kennedy, Donald R.........Sgt, 1/c.........Star Ranch, R. F. D. No. 1, Alamosa, Colorado Kennedy, Louis P..........Pvt, 1/c.........1303 Highland Ave, Louisville, Ky. Kerpinski, Joseph...........Pvt, 1/c......... Kessler, James P...........Pvt............. Ketchen, Frederick E.......Cpl............. Kienzle, William J..........Pvt............. Kimurzoglu, Dionissios .....Pvt.............1009 Second Ave, New Kensington, Pa. King, Earl B...............Pvt............. Kit kebak, Andrew P.........Pvt.............Redelm, Zieback County, South Dakota Kirklin, Tom ...............Pvt............. Kitchen, James W..........Pvt, 1/c......... Kivinski, Louis.............Pvt.............Box 243, Export, Pa. Klinckman, Harry J.........Pvt, 1/c......... Klopp, Thomas H. Pvt.............1531 Wyandotte Ave. Lakewood, Ohio Clerk, Dental Office Orderly, Dental Section Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 (Charge Motor Detail) D. S. at Tours Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Medical Supply Depot Trans. Alarch, 1919 Orderly loined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Baker, attached Bak. Co. No. 2, Q.M.C Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Dec. 7, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Laborer, attached Co. 4, 313th Lab. Bn. Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Patient, Co. 16, 4th M. AT. Joined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Patient, Co. I, 289th Inf. loined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 248 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 NAAIE RANK Knof, Paul J................Pvt..... MEN ADDRESS Knol, Clarence .............Pvt. Koehler, Frederick H........Cpl.............135 N. Oak St, Alt. Carmel, Northumberland Co, Pa. Koethen, Armand L.........Pvt, 1/c.........67 West Sharpnack St, Philadelphia, Pa. Koss, Lewis................Pvt. Kranz, George..............Pvt. Kreuger, William ..........Pvt. Krickbaum, Lloyd Al........Pvt. Kuhns, Gust E..............Pvt. Kuhrt, Walter..............Sgt. La Bounty, Alurray W......Cpl. La Flamme, Arthur.........Pvt. Laney, James ..............Pvt. Lathrop, John F............Pvt. .... R. F. D. No. 7, Box 93 A, Greensburg, Pa. Box 129, R. F. D, Jeannette, Pa. 40 Bellevue Ave, Pontiac, Alichigan 534 Dickson St, Aroungstown, Mahoning County, Ohio OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Laundryman, attached 318th Laundry Unit Charge Alail Service Alilitary Patrol Detachment Office Plumbing Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1911. loined Tulv 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined Tuly 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Baker, attached Bak. Co. No. 2, Q.M.C Joined June 11, 1918 Trans. July 10, 1918 Patient, Vet. Alobile Sec. 2, 32d Division Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 La Van, Lorenzo M.........Cook ...........Hawthorne, Clarion Co, Pa. Cook Lawrence, Millard M.......Pvt, 1/c.........Bissville, Mo. Lebasia, Christ..............Pvt.............108 Fourth Ave, Pittsburgh, Pa. Lehman, Otto R............Pvt......... .........Corunna, De Kalb County, Indiana Lehmkuhl, Herbert J.......Pvt, 1/c.........1731 Pearl St, Denver, Col. Lessig, John J..............Pvt.............R. F. D. No. 5, Box 70, Grand Island, Neb. Lewis, Earl G...............Pvt, 1/c. Loder, Earl ................Pvt..... 819 N. 6th St, Shamokin, Pa. Military Patrol Joined June 11, 1918 Butcher Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Wardmaster Joined July 6, 1918 Barracks Guard Joined June 11, 1918 Military Patrol Toined Tuly 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Logan, Dale Firth..........Pvt, 1/c.........205 E. 4th St, Oil City, Pa. Genito-Urinary Assistant Lohr, John H, Jr............Pvt, 1/c......... Long, Edwin R..............Pvt. Lott, John W...............Sgt.............755 S. 16th St, Phila, Pa. Loughner, Thomas L.......Pvt.............Jeannette, Pa. Toined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15. 1918 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Wardmaster Mess Detail Joined Sept. 25, 1918 249 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT XAA1E RAXK ADDRESS NOV. 15, 1918 Love, John Gray ...........Al. H. Sgt........41 E. Linn St, Clerk, Q.A1. Office Bellefonte, Center Co, Pa. Loxve, Daniel Augustus .....Cpl.............214 E. Barney St, Patient, Co. Al, 313th Inf. Baltimore, Aid. Toined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Loy, William E.............Pvt.............6743 S. Western Ave, Patient, Co. F, 39th Inf. Chicago, 111. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Ludes, Herman J...........Pvt, 1/c.........327 S. Oak St, Trans. Julv 11, 1918 Alt. Carmel, Pa. Rejoined Nov. 26, 1918 Ludxvig, Irving A...........Sgt.............1053 Broadway, Lorain, Ohio Medical Supply Dept. Lutz, Alvin J...............Pvt, 1/c.........1605 N. 19th St, Barracks Guard St. Louis, AIo. Joined June 11, 1918 Lutz, Paul E...............Pvt............. Baker, attached Bak. Co. No. 2, Q.M.C Luzadre, Lloyd ............Pvt.............226 Columbia Ave, Patient, Co. F, 356th Inf. Philadelphia, Pa. Headquarters Clerk Joined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 AlcCarthy, Ronald J.........Sgt.............70 Greenfield Ave, Medical Supply Depot Ardmore, Pa. McClement, Glen H.........Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 McConnell, Samuel P.......Cpl.............37 S. Oak St, Wardmaster Art. Carmel, Pa. Trans. Dec, 1918 AlcCurdy, Harold R.........Pvt, 1/c.........5901 Overbrook Ave, Linen Supply Office Philadelphia, Pa. McCurdy, James A..........Sgt.............5901 Overbrook Ave, Charge Hospital Philadelphia, Pa. Linen Supply AIcDoxvell, Earl ............Pvt, 1/c......... Laborer, attached Co. D, 313d Lab. Bn. AlcElroy, Walter R.........Pvt............. Alilitary Patrol Joined Sept. 25, 1918 AIcHugh, Hugh J...........Pvt, 1/c.........734 N. 38th St, Phila, Pa. Druggist Mclndoe, George A.........Pvt.............121 Urania Ave, Orderly Greensburg, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 VIcIntvre, Walter R.........Pvt.............Chestnut St, Orderly Greensburg, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 AlcKee, L. E...............Pvt............. Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. McKeoxvn, Frank...........Cook ...........Chalfont Hotel, Cook Atlantic City, N. J. Trans. Oct. 23, 1918 AIcAIurtrie, Robert F........Sgt.............2215 Broad Ave, (Wardmaster) On D. S. Altoona, Pa. with Surgical Team Alacken, Wilfred F.........Pvt, 1/c.........2430 N. 28th St, Phila, Pa. Trans. July 11, 1918 Mahn, Albert L............Pvt, 1/c.........De Soto, Alissouri, Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Alarsh, Alfred..............Pvt............. Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Alarshall, James D..........Pvt.............620 George St, Plumbing Detail Greensburg, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 250 NAAIE PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN RANK ADDRESS Marshall, William D........Pvt.............620 George St, Greensburg, Pa. Alartin, Earl C..............Pvt, 1/c......... Martin, Edgar F............Pvt, 1/c......... Martin, Charles J...........Pvt........ Masse, Charles .............Pvt........ ,216 Daniel St, Fitchburg, Worcester County, Alass. .228 Fifth St, Marietta, Ohio Mathexvs, Joseph F.........Pvt.............919 Fifth Ave, New Kensington, Pa. Mavros, Gust...............Pvt. 141 Columbia Ave, Vandegrift, Pa. Alay, Samuel B.............Sgt, 1/c.........Fieldale, Henry Co, Va. Mazzei, Gaetano ............Pvt............. Aleller, E. D...............Pvt............. Alellinger, T. J.............Pvt............. Alerchant, Gale Al...........Pvt............. Alerrell, David N....... Mertz, Louis G, Jr..........Sgt Pvt, 1/c.........304 N. Vine St, Aluncie, Ind. Mery, Edward..............Pvt, 1/c. Miller, F. A................Pvt..... Miller, Henry J............Sgt.............1226 Erie Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Mills, Howard H. Pvt, 1/c.........Care of Wm. R. Sharp R. F. D. No. 4, Lawrence Road, Trenton, N. J, OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NOV. 15, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Joined Julv 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Patient, Co. B, 30th Eng. Mess Dept. Joined Tan. 16, 1919 Trans. Feb. 8, 1919 K. P. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 On D. S. (Orderly) Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Druggist Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Patient, Field Hosp. No. 103 Undertaker Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Wardmaster Trans. Feb. 8, 1919 Charge of Engineers Attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Trans. July 11, 1918 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Charge of Hospital Bldg. Anesthetist Mitchell, Russell F..........Cpl.............Oakdale Road, Glenside, Pa. Clerk, Q.AI. Office Moore, Berry ..............Pvt............. Morgan, Omer P............Pvt. Wheatley, Ky. Mosser, Joseph ............Sgt, 1/c, Q.AI.C.. 142 South Beaver St, York Pa. Mott, Wilbur C.............Cpl............. Mullikin, John F............Sgt.............Trappe, Talbot Co, Md. Nichelson, Alfred H.........Cpl............. Patient, Co. B, 319th Lab. Bn. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Military Patrol Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Clerk, Q.M. Office Trans. Nov, 1918 Charge French Labor Bn. Attached 110th Adm. Lab. Co. Druggist T aborer. attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. 251 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN XAME RANK ADDRESS Xickels. Alarion J...........Pvt, 1/c.........Sexvard, Xebraska OFFICIAL ASSIGXMEXT NOV. 15, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15. I'M8 Xightswenger, George ......Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Nolf, Challis L.............Pvt, 1/c..........10 E. 3d St, Oil City, Pa. Aiess Dept. Norton, Carl Al.............Pvt, 1/c.........Dillon, S. C. Patient, AFD. Reg, 11th Inf. Wardmaster Joined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Nye, Glen..................Pvt, 1/c.........815 W. 8th St, Carpenter Xorth Platte Xeb. Joined July 6, 1918 Oden, Charles B............Pvt............. Toined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 O'Neal, B. A...............Pvt............. Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. O'Neil, Charles B...........Sgt, 1/c.........43 Pearl Ave, Charge of Mechanics Oil City, Pa. Osander, Arthur............Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Osborne, Albert W.........Pvt.............1941 So. Boulevard, Patient, 51st Pion. Inf. New York City, X. Y. Toined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Osborne, Lloyd F..........Pvt.............270 Hayxvard Ave, Laundryman, attached Porchester, N. Y. 318th Laundry Unit Oxvens, Matthexv J. I........Sgt, 1/c.........1237 Alarlyn Road, Charge Aledical Supply Dept. Philadelphia, Pa. Com. 1st Lt, San. C, August, 1918 Trans. Nov, 1918 Packer, Russell J............Sgt.............4') N. 18th St, Wardmaster Harrisburg, Pa. Palmer, Walter.............Sgt, Q.AI.C......R. F. D. No. 3, Laundryman, attached Bangor, Alaine 318th Laundry Unit Patterson, Albert D.........Cpl............. Charge, French Lab. Bn. 110th Adm. Lab. Co. Patton, Joseph A...........Pvt, 1/c.........28 N. Frazier St, Phila, Pa. Motor Detail Patton, Joseph B...........Pvt, 1/c......... Orderly Joined Sent. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Paxson, James B...........Cpl............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Peacock, Donald R.........Cpl............. Night Wardmaster Toined Tuly 14, 1918 Trans. Dec. 10, 1918 Pendleton, Ralph A.........Sgt.............3016 Falls Creek Blvd., Charge, Aiess Dept. Indianapolis, Ind. Com. 1st Lt, San. C, Xovember, 1918 Pettit, Xathaniel A...........Sgt, 1/c.........433 E. Sedgwick Ave, (1st Sgt.) Philadelphia, Pa. Com. 1st Lt, San. C, August, 1918 Trans. Oct. 15, 1918 Phillips, Hoxvard L.........Sgt.............2022 E. 100th St, Hqrs. Sten. and Clerk Cleveland, Ohio 252 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN x.aw^ OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NAME RANK ADDRESS NOV. 15, 1918 Powell, John R.............Mech...........Waltham, Alass. Patient, Co. A, 102d M.G. Bn. Red Cross Hut Joined Jan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Preston, George St. C........Pvt, 1/c......... Toined Tulv 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Prosper, Chester Al.........Pvt, 1/c......... Toined Tuly 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Pruitt, Roland Al...........Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Quigley, William A.........Pvt, 1/c.........Packard Alotor Car Co, Alotor Detail Philadelphia, Pa. Ralston, Angus W..........Pvt, 1/c......... Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Rankin, Jesse B............Wagoner......R. F. D. No. 2, Brookston, Joined July 6, 1918 White County, Indiana Trans. July 15, 1918 Raymer, William A.........Sgt............. Baker, attached Bak. Co. 2, Q.AI.C. Reed, Robert E.............Sgt............. Charge Civilian Lab. Det. 187th Adm. Labor Co, A.S.C Reisert, Charles H..........Sgt.............5638 Carpenter St, Trans. July 11, 1918 Philadelphia, Pa. Renshaxv, Russell A.........Sgt, 1/c.........47 N. Prospect St, Trans. July 11, 1918 Burlington, Vt. Reynolds, Cecil W..........Pvt............. Patient, Al.G. Co, 112th Inf. Joined Tan. 16, 1919 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Richards, Charles H. S......Sgt.............711 N. 43d St, Phila, Pa. Wardmaster Richards, Theophilus P......Cpl............. Wardmaster Trans. Alarch, 1919 Reilly, Edward F............Pvt, 1/c.........79 Classic St, Alilitary Patrol Hoosic Falls, N. Y. Rimbach, William F.........Pvt............. Patient, Al.G Co, 313th Inf. Toined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Robinson, Charles W.......Pvt, 1/c......... Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Rocksman, Arthur C .......Pvt............. Toined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Rohrer, Robert H.......... . Pvt, 1/c.........Salisbury Apts, Orderly, Operating Room Lancaster, Pa. Rudolph, Herman L.........Pvt, 1/c.........591 N. Franklin St, M ilitary Patrol Wilkes-Barre, Detachment Office Luzerne County, Pa. Trans, to Hdq, 3d Army, Coblenz, Germany Schettler, E. H............. Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Schiavitto, A'incent .........Pvt.............710 Florence Ave, Headquarters Orderly Allentown, Pa. Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Schlosser, Laban B.........Pvt, 1/c.........6428 N. 21st St, Phila, Pa. Wardmaster Schwarz, Edward...........Cpl.............1435 Alayfield St, Phila, Pa. Wardmaster Scott, John S...............Pvt, 1/c.........2222 Rittenhouse St, Motor Detail Philadelphia, Pa. 253 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN OFFICIAL ASSIGN M KNT NAAIE RANK ADDRESS NOV. 15, 1918 Seaswrand, Einar W.........Pvt............. Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1918 Shearer, Osco ..............Al. H. Sgt.......Care Enlisted Personnel Registrar Division Office Surgeon Trans. Feb. 5, 1919 General, U. S. A, Washington, D. C Shepherdson, George P......Pvt............. Died May 3, 1918, at U. S. A. Camp Hosp, Pontanazen, Brest, France Shields, Robert E...........Pvt, 1/c.........2518 N. Bouvier St, Clerk, Registrar Office Philadelphia, Pa. Trans. Alarch, 1919 Shipley, Dean ..............Sgt............. Patient, Co. K, 140th Inf. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Smith, Charles R...........Pvt, 1/c.........3604 Powelton Ave, Alotor Detail Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Elmer...............Pvt............. Laundryman, attached 318th Laundry Unit Snell Howard Alorton......Pvt, 1/c.........94 W. Jersey St., Wardmaster Elizabeth, Union Co, N. J. Joined Oct. 19, 1918 Snyder, Floyd F............Pvt............. Toined July 6, 1918 y Trans. July 15, 1918 Spiegel, Joseph J............Sgt.............1101 Green St, Phila, Pa. Wardmaster Spiller, Robert E............Cpl.............4409 Pine St, Phila, Pa. Detachment Office Steinruck, Harry D.........Pvt, 1/c.........4552 Manayunk Ave, Motor Detail Philadelphia, Pa. Stephens, Thomas C........Pvt, 1/c.........5121 Willows Ave, Motor Detail Philadelphia, Pa. Stem, Samuel G............Sgt, 1/c.........1907 Pine St, Headquarters Philadelphia, Pa. Com. 1st Lt, San. C, June, 1918 Captain, Alarch, 1919 Stewart, Augustus T........Sgt, 1/c.........173 Reservoir St, Trenton, Charge of Transportation Mercer County, N. J. Stum, Paul E...............Cook ...........Newville, Pa. Patient, Co. D, 312th M. G. Bn, Cook Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Sturridge Frank A.........Sgt, 1/c.........3800 Locust St, Dental Assistant Philadelphia, Pa. Trans. Jan. 27, 1919 Sutton, George T...........Sgt.............706 Alonroe St, La Grange, Charge of Laborers, attached Fayette County, Texas Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Swaboski, Antony B.........Cook ...........523 E. 5th St, Cook Alt. Carmel, Pa. Swarts, AYilliam ............Pvt, 1/c.........737 S. Franklin St, Telephone Operator Titusville, Pa. Sypes, Robert ..............Pvt, 1/c......... Laborer, attached Co. D, 313th Lab. Bn. Taylor, Carl L..............Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 • Taylor, Russell L...........Pvt............. Orderly Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 254 NAAIE PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 MEN RANK ADDRESS OFFICIAL ASSIGNAIENT NOV. 15, 1918 Thaxter, Wm. H, Jr........Pvt, 1/c. .... Falmouth Road, West Falmouth, Alaine Thebo, Lawrence E.........Cpl.............Willow St, Bear Creek, Wisconsin Thomas, David B...........Pvt, 1/c.........100 W. Sunbury St, Shamokin, Pa. Thxveatt, AArilliam T........Pvt. Tindale, Lester.............Sgt. Wynnton St, Columbus, Ga. Tomlinson, Ralph ..........Sgt, 1/c.........4530 Baker St, Philadelphia, Pa. Tourish, John P, Jr.........Pvt, 1/c.........1624 W. Lehigh Ave, Philadelphia, Pa. Town, Robert Al............Sgt, 1/c.........406 S. Narberth Ave, Narberth, Pa. Toxvson, J. O..............Pvt............. Trimble, Russell Bush ......Cook ...........237 S. Ridge Ave, Idaho Falls, Bouneville Co, Idaho Truby, Charles F...........Cpl.............406 State St, Oil City, A^enango County, Pa. Tuff, Joseph ...............Pvt............. Yargo, John H..............Pvt............. Vedder, Sanford E..........Cook ...........King and Hanover Sts, Pottstown, Pa. Vedder, Wentworth D, Jr.. . . Sgt, 1/c, Q.AI.C. King and Hanover Sts, Pottstown. Pa. Walker, Fred Alay..........Pvt, 1/c.........2258 N. 13ch St, Phila, Pa. Walker, Joseph Coates .....Sgt.............1861 Wynnewood Road, Philadelphia, Pa. Ward, Theodore W.........Cook ...........205 E. Northlake St, Seattle, King Co, Wash. Waterman, William C......Sgt.............110 Hartzell Ave, Niles, Ohio Waters, Joseph B...........Sgt, 1/c.........Little Silver, N. J. Webster, Alilan.............Pvt. Weldon, John A........ ........Sgt............. 534 Curtis St, Watertoxvn, N. Y. Welles, Clayton ............Sgt, 1/c.........Wyalusing, Pa. Wells, Francis L............Pvt............. Alotor Detail Telephone Operator Attached 33d Service Co. Painter Carpenter Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Patient, Co. I, 369th Inf. Joined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 Asst. to Registrar Trans. Feb. 8, 1919 Alotor Detail Trans. Alarch, 1919 Asst. to Aiess Sgt. Trans. Alarch, 1919 Engineer, attached Co. D, 33d Eng. Cook Wardmaster Trans. Alarch, 1919 K. P. Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 9, 1918 Cook (Mess Detail) On D. S. Trans. Nov, 1918 Painter Aiess Department Cook Medical Supply Dept. Joined Sept. 12, 1918 Trans. Nov. 22, 1918 Charge Patients' Clothing and Effects 1st Sgt of Det. from Feb. 2, 1919 Orderly Joined Sept. 25, 1918 Plumbing Detail (Alotor Detail) on D. S. Patient, Co. B, 56th Inf. Toined Dec. 16, 1918 Trans. Jan. 24, 1919 255 PERSONNEL OF BASE HOSPITAL NO. 20 NAME RANK MEN ADDRESS Wheatlv, Earl R............Sgt.............124 W. Alain St., Millville, N. J. White, Harry K............Pvt, 1/c.........67 Queen Lane, German- town, Philadelphia, Pa. Whitford, Harry B.........Cook ...........47 Shaw St, Liverpool, England Wilkins, Grover F..........Pvt............. Williams, Arthur R.........Cpl........ Williams, Jesse.............Pvt........ Williamson, Calvin W.......Pvt........ 1006 Twelfth St., Golden, Jefferson County, Colorado Willis, John Al.............Pvt. Wilson, Willard R..........Pvt. Wright, Alinturn T, Jr......Pvt, 1/c.........Chestnut Ave, Chestnut Hill, Pa. Yost, John \T...............Pvt, 1/c........ .210 Westover Ave, Roanoke, Va. Young, Otis L.......... Youngsberg, Carl J.........Pvt. Zindel, Henry J.............Pvt. Pvt.............735 Alorris St, Topeka, Kansas RECONSTRUCTION AIDES NAAIE ADDRESS Bentley, Alarion H..........19 Wellington Road, Brookline, Alass.. Gilbert, Katharine ..........4641 Lake Park Ave, Chicago, 111.......... Hall, Jessie W..............215 Aliddle St, Rockland, Knox County, Ale. Hansen, Ann ............... OFFICIAL ASSIGNMENT NOV. 15, 1918 Clerk, Mess Office Trans. March. 1919 Orderly Cook Trans. June 22, 1918 Joined July 6, 1918 Trans. July 15, 1 i?-^U »>"■'■'•. V«rc« r >:V i» .a- a . V.-f: a» 'va- --J ■',"<<*A"' :'. / .-a.1* !''■; .f*>;/*£/;* # : At. AA '^jVaLTfi^ffi^l a' 'L,-'.--f-*". •- .•>**■' .-*••>' :».&/ v-srA*^K*R?i*2tt*j 5, • \ ■# ■% N HON* SHtn OF V CIN NLn D0557En 3 *$mm;w$fflmm