6* "« bVn"! NO.* |^bD SBS No. 1986-1 e37377 NATION^ OF NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE SPECIALIZED BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES January 1986 Reference Services Division National Library of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland, 20894 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service • National Institutes of Health LABORATORY ANIMAL WELFARE SUPPLEMENT II JANUARY 1986 72 SELECTED CITATIONS Compiled by Fritz P. Gluckstein, D.V.M., M.L.S Coordinator for Veterinary Affairs LABORATORY ANIMAL WELFARE This is the second supplement to a selective annotated bibliography on laboratory animal welfare issued in January 1984, SBS No. 1984-1. The first supplement was issued in January 1985, SBS No. 1985-1. The period covered is October 1984 - October 1985. A number of items published in 1982, 1983, and during the first three quarters of 1984 have also been included. Translations of foreign language titles are set in brackets. Parts of annotations that are direct quotations are indicated by quotation marks. SPECIALIZED BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES This is one of a series of Specialized Bibliographies prepared and distributed by the Reference Services Division of the National Library of Medicine. These bibliographies are usually the result of a combination of manual and computerized searching, utilizing databases produced by NLM and others. Specialized Bibliographies are therefore more comprehensive in coverage than those bibliographies produced under NLM's Literature Search series, which are limited to our own databases. The only criterion for inclusion of a published work in a Specialized Bibliography is its relevance to biomedicine. The format, ownership, or location of the materials cited are not considered. CONTENTS JOURNAL ARTICLES I. Historical Aspects II. Ethical and Philosophic Aspects III. Laws, Regulations, Codes, and Guidelines IV. Animal Research Committees V. Animal Experimentation in Specif Disciplines VI. Alternative Methods VII. Other Aspects MONOGRAPHS 1. JOURNAL ARTICLES I. Historical Aspects Key JD, Rodin AE William Osier and Arthur Conan Doyle versus the antivivisectionists: some lessons from history for today. Mayo Clin Proc 1984 Mar;59(3):189-96 "A review of the elements that fostered antivivisectionism in the society of (Doyle and Osier)" and an examination of present-day antivivisection movements. 58 references March BE Bioethical problems: animal welfare, animal rights. Bioscience 1984 Nov;34(10):615-20 A discussion of "... the historic background of human attitudes toward other animals...." 35 references Ritvo H Plus ca change: antivivisection then and now. Bioscience 1984 Nov;34(10):626-33 The writer traces the animal protection movement from its beginnings in the last part of the 18th century to the present. 38 references Trohler U [A brief history of animal experimentation and the controversy it has aroused.] Rev Med Suisse 1985 Sep;105(9):817-29. (in French) A concise tracing of animal experimentation and the controversy surrounding it from ancient times to the present. 38 references 2. II. Ethical and Philosophic Aspects Erichsen S How do I justify my use of animals for experimental purposes? A researcher's view. Can Assoc Lab Anim Sci Newsl 1984 Jun;16(3):58-9 The writer believes the use of animals for experimental purposes to be in accord with nature. Frey RG Vivisection, morals and medicine. J Med Ethics 1983 Jun;9(2):94-7 An exploration of the question whether some human life has a lower value than animal life and a discussion of the use of humans in medical experiments. 2 references Paton W Vivisection, morals, medicine: commentary from a vivisecting professor of pharmacology. J Med Ethics 1983 Jun;9(2):102-4 A reply to Frey. Sprigge TL Vivisection, morals, medicine: commentary from an antivivisectionist philosopher. J Med Ethics 1983 Jun;9(2):98-101 A reply to Frey. Publication of experimental animal research: ethical aspects. (editorial) Vet Q 1984 Apr;7(2):81-3 Guidelines for the publication of ethically objectionable research. Rozemond H, Dobbelaar MJ [The publishing of ethically questionable research. A commentary] Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 1983 Oct 15;108(20):795-9. (in Dutch, English summary) The authors deal with the editor's role in the publication of ethically questionable research. They present two courses of action: refuse a questionable paper or accept it with a view to initiating a discussion. 37 references Schumer W Editorial responsibility in the humane care and use of experimental animals, (editorial) Circ Shock 1985;15(1):1-4 "... guidelines for codes of practice by which the Editorial Board can assess the humane care and treatment of animals in manuscripts submitted for publication in Circulatory Shock." 3 references 3. II. Ethical and Philosophic Aspects (continued) Smith JB Animal welfare and the Australian veterinarian. Aust Vet J 1983 0ct;60(10):299-302 The author deals with philosophic and moral aspects of animal experimentation and urges the Australian veterinary profession to become more involved in anima-1 welfare. 4. III. Laws, Regulations, Codes, and Guidelines Black HS. Doepel FM Legislation, policy, attitudes impacting ARF management. Lab Anim (New York) 1985 Apr;14(3):40-3 A review of historical aspects of animal welfare legislation in Britain and the U.S. followed by a discussion of regulations affecting industrial and NIH intra- and extramural research. 6 references Code of practice for the care and use of animals for experimental purposes in Australia. Med J Aust 1984 Dec 8-22;141(12-13):871-6 Guidelines for the use of animals in research, testing, diagnosis, and teaching. Cooper JE Ethics and laboratory animals. Vet Rec 1985 Jun 1;116(22):594-5 The basic principles of an international code for animal experimentation proposed by the WHO/UNESCO Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, (CIOMS). 6 references Hampson JE, Silcock SR Animal protection and toxicity testing regulations. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):183-6 The author proposes humane guidelines for skin and eye irritancy tests in animals. 8 references Overcast TD, Sales BD Regulation of animal experimentation. JAMA 1985 Oct 11:254(14):1944-9 The authors examine "... the nature of the controversy between animal activists and the scientific community over the need and desirability of additional regulation of animal experimentation.' After reviewing current and proposed federal and state legislation, they conclude that such legislation is neither necessary nor desirable. 85 references Purchase IF The future of animals in research and teaching. The European scene Fundam Appl Toxicol 1984 Aug;4(4):519-30 A report on animal welfare legislation and major issues concerning animal experimentation in Europe. 8 references 5. III. Laws, Regulations, Codes, and Guidelines (continued) Rosner, F Is animal experimentation being threatened by animal rights groups? JAMA 1985 Oct 11;254(14):1942-3 A review of current and proposed laboratory animal legislation and a discussion of actions by animal protection groups and the scientific community with regard to animal experimentation. 18 references Schnappauf H [Criteria for the determination of the unavoidable minimal use of animals in university research.] Tierarztl Umschau 1984 Nov 1;39(11):870-9. (in German) The author presents guidelines for animal experimentation at universities in accordance with West German animal welfare legislation. 6 references 6. IV. Animal Research Committees Britt D Ethics, ethical committees and animal experimentation, (editorial) Nature 1984 Oct 11-17;311(5986):503-6 A discussion of local committees for the review of animal experiments in Sweden, the U.S., and Canada. Hutchinson AB Researchers and animal protectionists: creating a new partnership. Lab Anim (New York) 1985 Sep;14(6):37-9 The writer, Director of Communications at a humane society, describes her experience as animal welfare representative on an animal care and use committee. Orlans FB What institutional animal research committees can do to improve humane care. Lab Anim (New York) 1984 Nov/Dec;13(8):24-9 The author deals with the place and function of animal research committees in laboratory animal welfare. 7 references 7. V. Animal Experimentation in Specific Disciplines Andermann G, Erhart M Are local tolerance tests in animals always necessary? Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1983 Jun;5(5):321-33 "The authors think that for ethical and scientific reasons (the Draize test) is obsolete and should be changed or eliminated. They suggest the use of cell cultures or an in vitro technique for ocular safety assessment."- 103 references Crowley MA, Connors DD Critique of "The use of animals in nursing research". ANS 1985 Jul;7(4):23-31 A critique of Cunningham and Mitchell's article on the use of animals in nursing research. Arguments, in opposition to all animal experimentation are presented. 21 references Cunningham SG, Mitchell PH The use of animals in nursing research. ASN 1982 Jul;4(4):72-84 The authors review the history of animal studies in nursing and discuss nursing research topics that lend themselves to animal experimentation. 58 references Hampson JE, Silcock SR Animal protection and toxicity testing regulations. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):183-6 The authors suggest refinements in skin and eye irritation tests in order to improve animal protection and human safety. 8 references Hubbard RC, Young C The LD50--a tradition in need of change, (letter) JAMA 1984 Dec 21;252(23):3249 An appeal for the abolition of the LD50 test. The LD50 (letters) JAMA 1985 Jul 5;254(1):56 Replies to Hubbard and Young and a response by these authors. Jori A Sharp decline in animal use in a pharmacological research institute. (letter) Lancet 1984 Jul 28;2(8396):229 A report on the extent of laboratory animal use at the Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research in Milan 1968-1983. 8. V. Animal Experimentation in Specific Disciplines (continued) Miller NE The value of behavioral research on animals. Am Psychol 1985 Apr;40(4):423-40 A justification of the use of animals in behavioral research. 127 references Sharpe R The Draize test—motivations for change. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):139-43 The author questions the validity of the Draize eye irritation test and discusses efforts toward its replacement. 29 references Stille G [Criteria for the determination of unavoidable minimal animal experimentation in the development of medicaments.] Tierarztl Umschau 1984 Nov 1;39(11):862-70. (in German) A discussion of the use of laboratory animals in the development of pharmaceuticals. Warshauer DM Primacy among the primates: killing chimpanzees to help humans. (letter) JAMA 1985 Jul 19;254(3):356 The writer questions the use of chimpanzees for organ transplants and urges safeguards to ensure survival of higher primates prior to extensive transplantation work. 2 references 9. VI. Alternative Methods Balls M, Horner SA The FRAME interlaboratory programme on in vitro cytotoxicology. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):209-13 A report on the FRAME (Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments) research program "... to determine whether cell cultures can reliably be used to replace live animal procedures in routine tests on the relative acute toxicities of chemicals." 13 references. Goldberg AM The Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1984 Aug;4(4):517-8 A review of the Center's goals and activities. Goldberg AM An approach to the development of in vitro toxicological methods. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):205-8 A review of studies on alternatives to the Draize skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation tests conducted at the Johns Hopkins Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. 7 references Goss LB, Sabourin TD Utilization of alternative species for toxicity testing: an overview. J Appl Toxicol 1985 Aug;5(4):193-219 A review of the use of non-mammalian organisms for bioassays and toxicity, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and neurotoxicity testing. 183 references Reduction of the use of animals in the development and control of biological products. Lancet 1985 Oct 19;2(8460):900-2 A report on a conference by the International Association for Biological Standardisation (IABS) on the use of alternatives to animal experiments in toxicity tests and in testing of vaccines and hormones. Rowan AN The future of animals in research and training. The search for alternatives. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1984 Aug;4(4):508-16 A review of alternatives to animal experimentation and a discussion of the prospects of their use in carcinogen and LD50 testing and in the Draize test. 46 references 10. VI. Alternative Methods (continued) Rowan AN, Goldberg AM Perspectives on alternatives to current animal testing techniques in preclinical toxicology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1985;25:225-47 A review of alternatives to acute and chronic toxicity tests in animals. 152 references Shopsis C, Borenfreund E, Walberg J, Stark DM A battery of potential alternatives to the Draize test: uridine uptake inhibition, morphological cytotoxicity, macrophage chemotaxis and exfoliate cytology. Food Chem Toxicol 1985 Feb;23(2):259-66 Four assays that may serve as replacement for the Draize rabbit eye irritancy test. 14 references Walcroft MJ Primates—requirements by the pharmaceutical industry. J Med Primatol 1983;12(1):1-7 Includes a discussion of alternatives to the use of primates. 3 references Wei he WH Use and misuse of an imprecise concept: alternative methods in animal experiments. Lab Anim (London) 1985 Jan;19(l):19-26 A discussion of Russel and Burch's thoughts on inhumanity and an analysis of the justification and usefulness of the concept of alternative methods. 15 references Wilk W [Possible reductions of animal experiments through so-called alternative methods.] Tierarztl Umschau 1984 Nov 1;39(11):842-52. (in German, brief English abstract) A discussion of presently used as well as contemplated alternative methods. 33 references Will JA An overview of alternatives. Lab Anim (New York) 1985 Jan/Feb;14(l):37-41 The author discusses alternatives to animal experimentation. He advocates their use but not to the exclusion of laboratory animals. 4 references 11. VII. Other Aspects Altner H [Animal welfare and animal experimentation: problems and attempts at their solution.] Naturwissenschaften 1985 Feb;72(2):57-61. (in German, English summary) A discourse on the concept of animal welfare, the distinction between higher and lower animals-, the assessment of animal pain, and the aims and limits of animal experimentation. 10 references Flecknell PA The management of post-operative pain and distress in experimental animals. Anim Technol 1985 Nov;36(2):97-103 A discussion of the recognition of pain and the use of postoperative treatment combining analgesics with nursing care. 5 references Gartner K [On the significance of animal experiment methodology in research.] Tierarztl Umschau 1984 Nov 1;39(11):879-84. (in German) After a brief discussion of legislation affecting animal experimentation during the past 100 years the author describes various databases providing information useful for the planning of animal experiments. He then discusses the applicability of knowledge gained through animal experiments to clinical medicine. Gilmore A The use of animals in research. Can Med Assoc J 1985 Mar l;132(5):564-8, 570-1 Animal experimentation and laboratory animal welfare activities in Canada. Gray C Animal rights versus university research. Can Med Assoc J 1985 Oct 15;133(8):781-3, 786-90 Actions of animal rights activists and responses by biomedical research organizations in Canada and the United States. Hornicke H [Criteria for the determination of the unavoidable minimal use of laboratory animals in education and continuing education.] Tierarztl Umschau 1984 Nov 1;39(11):853-62. (in German) The author presents arguments in favor cf limited animal experimentation in biomedical eduation. 14 references 12. VII. Other Aspects (continued) Iglehart JK The use of animals in research. N Engl J Med 1985 Aug 8;313(6):395-400 A discussion of recent developments in the animal experimentation controversy, new animal welfare legislation, and recent action by the research and animal welfare communities concerning laboratory animals. 4 references Korner PI Medicine and the animal liberation movement, (editorial) Med J Aust 1984 Dec 8-22;141(12-13):773-5 The controversy surrounding animal experimentation in Australia. 3 references Lederer J [Ethics of animal experimentation.] Arch Belg 1984;42(3-4):169-90. (in French, English summary) The author presents arguments against and in favor of animal experimentation. He argues that cell culture and bacteria cannot replace laboratory animals and advocates ethical guidelines for animal experimentation, training of personnel, and the breeding and sale of laboratory animals. 57 references Loew FM Using animals in research: what's going on here? Once dismissed as ill-informed, misguided misanthropes, animal-rights advocates seem to have the public's ear. Chron Higher Educ 1985 Sep 18;31(3):80 The writer, Dean of Tufts University's School of Veterinary Medicine, traces the development of laboratory animal welfare legislation in the U.S. and discusses the controversy between animal rights activists and scientists. He calls for increased financial support for laboratory animal facilities and animal care-and-use programs. Lorenz W West Germany: science and animal protection. Lancet. 1985 Jan 26;1(8422):212-213 A report on the controversy between animal protection activists and the scientific community. 19 references Morton DB. Griffiths PH Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet Rec 1985 Apr 20;116(16):431-6 The more common signs of pain, distress, and discomfort in the rat, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, cat, and monkey. 3 references 13. VII. Other Aspects (continued) Moss TH The modern politics of laboratory animal use. Bioscience 1984 Nov;34(10):621-5 The author discusses the conflict between the scientific community and animal welfare groups. He presents evidence that increasing acceptance by scientists of broad public concern for animals is leading to a solution of this conflict. 15 references Position of the American Heart Association on research animal use. Circulation 1985 Apr;71(4):849A-50A A statement in support of animal experimentation. Russell JC, Secord DC Holy dogs and the laboratory: some Canadian experiences with animal research. Perspect Biol Med 1985 Spring;28(3):374-81 The authors relate their experiences with animal experimentation at the University of Alberta and discuss the animal welfare movement in Canada. 18 references Stevens C Mistreatment of laboratory animals endangers biomedical research. Nature 1984 Sep 27-0ct 3;331(5984):295-7 The President of the Animal Welfare Institute in Washington, D.C., critizes animal experimentation in the United States and calls for more animal welfare legislation. Kline DL Protecting experimental animals, (letter) Nature 1984 Nov 15-21;312(5991):191 A reply to Stevens. Visvanathan KV Laboratory animals, (letter) Nature 1985 Jan 17-23;313(599):176 A response to Kline. Trull FL, Kalikow NA Animal rights movement: a threat to biomedical research? Cancer Invest 1984;2(6):497-82 Representatives of the Association for Biomedical Research discuss the animal rights movement. 2 references 14. VII. Other Aspects (continued) Uvarov 0 Research with animals: requirement, responsibility, welfare. Lab Anim (London) 1985 Jan;19(l):51-75 The purpose of the article "... is to review changing attitudes to the use of animals in research, leading to laws to project them, and to describe the extent to which the welfare of animals has been developed." 71 references Will JA Animals in research and teaching: to be or not to be. J Vet Med Educ 1984 Fall;11(1):5-7 The use of animals in research and teaching is being challenged by animal welfare activists as well as by scientists. To meet this challenge the author proposes steps toward "... both institutional and personal commitment to thoughtful and responsible minimal use." 4 references Wright EM, Marcel la KL, Woodson JF Animal pain: evaluation and control. Lab Anim (New York) 1985 May/Jun:14(4):20-36 The article deals with the recognition of pain and discusses analgesic agents and tranquilizers. 52 references Zola JC, Sechzer JA, Sieber JE, Griffin A Animal experimentation: issues for the 1980s. Sci Technol Hum Values 1984 Spring; 9(2):40-50. The authors deal with the issues of animal experimentation. They discuss values such as animal well-being, human well-being, scientific freedom and scientific responsibility. 34 references 15. MONOGRAPHS Clark, Stephen R.L. The moral status of animals. New York, Oxford University Press, 1984. 221 pp. An amply referenced, philosophic discourse on the moral status of animals concluding that "... there is no other honest course than the immediate rejection of all flesh-foods and most bio-medical research." National symposium on imperatives in research animal use: scientific need and animal welfare. Bethesda, Maryland, National Institutes of Health, 1985. 345 pp. (NIH Publication No. 85-2746) Papers presented at a National Institutes of Health symposium on humane and appropriate use of animals in biomedical research. Weber, E., ed. [Alternative methods in animal experimentation.] Bonn, West Germany, Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie, 1983. 128 pp. (in German) Reports on the use of alternate research methods in various disciplines including pharmacology, toxicology, and immunology. *U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1986-491-292:41023 NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NLfl D0bfl3375 D NLM006833750