THE 
ANATOMY OF THE ARTERIES 
OF THE HUMAN BODY 
WITH ITS APPLICATIONS TO PATHOLOGY AND OPERATIVE SURGERY 
IN 
LITHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS 
WITH 
PRACTICAL COMMENTARIES 
BY RICHARD QUAIN F.R.S. 
\V'^ 
PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON AND SURGEON TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL 
THE DRAWINGS FROM NATURE AND ON STONE BY JOSEPH MACLISE ESQ. SURGEON 
WITH AN OCTAVO VOLUME OF LETTER-PRESS 
LONDON 
PRINTED FOR TAYLOR AND WALTON 
BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 
UPPER GOWER STREET 
MDCCCXLIV CONTENTS OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE I. PAGE 
The large arteries of the Thorax and the Neck, viz.:—the Arch and the Thoracic 
part of the Aorta; the Innominate; Left Carotid; Left Subclavian; 
together with the Left Axillary; Bronchial; CEsophageal, and the origin 
of the Coronary Arteries ....... 9 
PLATE II. 
The Heart, and the large arteries of the Thorax and the Neck, with the 
accompanying veins and nerves . . . . . .10 
Arteries.—The Arch of the Aorta; the Innominate; Right Carotid ; 
Right Subclavian; Left Carotid; Left Subclavian. 
Veins.—The Jugular ; Subclavian; Innominate; Superior Vena Cava. 
Nerves.—The Pneumo-gastric; Phrenic; Brachial plexus. 
PLATE III. 
" The more superficial arteries of the Neck on the right side, viz.:—the end of the 
Common Carotid; the beginning of the External and of the Internal 
Carotid ; the Subclavian beyond the anterior scalenus muscle . .12 
PLATE IV. 
Fig. 1. The end of Left Common Carotid, in connexion with the fascia, and the 
veins and nerves. 
Figs. 2 & 3. Peculiarities of the Veins in connexion with the Common Carotid 
arteries. 
Fig. 4. A peculiarity of the Vagus nerve . . . . . .13 
PLATE V. 
Peculiarities of the commencement of the Aorta—affecting its position, direction, 
and shape ......... 15 
PLATES VI. and VII. 
Peculiarities of the large branches, taking origin from the Arch of the Aorta . 41 
PLATE VIII. 
The External Carotid artery, and its branches. . . . . .87 
PLATE IX. 
The Internal Maxillary artery . . . . . . .88 
PLATE X. 
The Lingual, the Pharyngeal, and the Internal Carotid arteries . . .89 
PLATE XI. 
The External Carotid artery of the right side, with the accompanying veins and 
nerves ......... 91 
PLATE XII. 
Peculiarities of the Common Carotid arteries; of the External Carotid, and 
of the branches of the latter . . . . . .92 
PLATES XIII., XIV., XV. 
Peculiarities of the branches of the External Carotid arteries . . 94—96 
PLATE XVI. 
,/ The Right Common Carotid artery; the Right Subclavian, and its branches . 131 
PLATE XVII. 
Fig. 1. The commencement of the Right Subclavian artery, with its accompanying 
veins and nerves. 
Fig. 2. The end of the Right Subclavian artery, with its accompanying veins and 
nerves . . . . . . . . .132 
PLATE XVIII. 
Fig. 1. The superior Intercostal artery, and the Deep Cervical (ar. prof, cerv.) of 
the left side. 
Fig. 2. The Vertebral artery of the right side—its cervical part . . .133 
PLATE XIX. 
The arteries of the side and the back part of the Head, with those of the back 
part of the Neck and the Shoulder, viz.:—the Superficial Temporal, 
Posterior Auricular, Occipital, Supra-scapular, Posterior Scapular, Dorsalis 
scapulae, &c. ........ 135 
PLATE XX. 
Peculiarities of the Subclavian arteries—affecting the trunk . . .136 
PLATE XXI. 
v/ Peculiarities of the Subclavian arteries—affecting the trunk and the origin of the 
branches ......... 139 
PLATE XXII. 
Peculiarities of the Vertebral arteries . . . . . .141 
PLATE XXIII. 
Peculiarities of the Thyroid arteries . . . . . .143 
PLATE XXIV. 
Peculiarities of the Internal Mammary, and of some other branches of the 
Subclavian arteries . . . . . . . .145 
PLATE XXV. 
Peculiarities of the Deep Cervical arteries. Peculiarities of the nerves; the 
veins; the muscles and the bones, in connexion with the Subclavian arteries 147 
PLATE XXVI. 
The Axillary and the Brachial arteries, with their branches . . .211 
PLATE XXVII. 
The Axillary and the Brachial arteries, with the accompanying veins and nerves . 212 
PLATE XXVIII. 
The Axilla, seen from below,—showing the Arteries, the Veins, the Nerves, and 
the Lymphatic glands . . . . . . .213 
PLATE XXIX. 
Fig. 1. The Posterior Circumflex artery. The dorsal branch of the Subscapular. 
Fig. 2. The Anterior Circumflex, and the arteries on the ventral surface of the 
Scapula . . . . . . . . .213 
PLATE XXX. 
Peculiarities of the Axillary artery, and of its branches . . . .214 
PLATE XXXI. ' page 
Peculiarities of the Radial artery—affecting the position of its origin . .216 
PLATE XXXII. 
Peculiarities of the Ulnar artery—affecting the position of its origin, and of its 
course ......... 217 
PLATE XXXIII. 
Peculiarities of the Interosseous artery—affecting the position of its origin . 218 
PLATE XXXIV. 
The Axillary, or the Brachial arteries, divided into two branches,—which re-unite 
or communicate one with the other at the bend of the elbow . . 220 
PLATE XXXV. 
Various examples of “ Vasa Aberrantia,” extending from the Axillary, or 
Brachial arteries, to those of the fore-arm ..... 221 
PLATE XXXVI. 
Figs. 1 & 2. Rare deviations of the Ulnar artery. 
Figs. 3 & 4. Peculiarites of the Brachial artery ..... 223 
PLATE XXXVII. 
Figs. 1 & 2. Deviations of one of the two arteries representing the brachial. All 
the figures illustrate peculiarities of the muscles in the neighbourhood of 
the same artery ........ 224 
PLATE XXXVIII. 
Views of the Anterior arteries of the fore-arm and hand:—their usual arrangement 305 
PLATE XXXIX. 
The deep arteries on the anterior surface of the fore-arm and hand :—their usual 
conformation ........ 306 
PLATE XL. 
Fig. 1. The Arteries on the back part of the fore-arm and hand. 
Fig. 2. The Superficial veins and nerves in front of the elbow joint, and a small 
part of the deep vessels and nerves ...... 307 
PLATE XLI. 
Views of the Superficial veins in front of the elbow joint, in connexion with several 
variations of the arteries ..... . 308 
PLATE XLII. 
Figs. 1 & 2. The Arterial Branches anastomosing about the elbow joint. 
Figs. 3, 4, & 5. Peculiarities of the Radial artery ..... 309 
PLATE XLIII. 
Peculiar forms of the Radial, Ulnar, and Interosseous arteries in the fore-arm and 
hand ......... 311 
PLATE XLIV. 
The Interosseous joins in different cases with the other two arteries of the fore-arm, 
and compensates for their small size . . . . . .312 
PLATE XLV. 
Fig. 1. A rare form of Median artery. 
Fig. 2. A peculiar muscle connected with the Ulnar artery. 
Figs. 3 to 6. Various states of the Superficial volar and Palmar arteries . . 313 
PLATE XLVI. 
Various conditions of the arteries of the hand . . . . .315 
PLATE XLVII. 
The Thoracic aorta and the Intercostal arteries, with the Intercostal veins, Vena 
Azygos, the Thoracic duct, &c., seen in connexion with the parietes of the 
thorax ......... 338 
PLATE XLVIII. 
The entire of the Aorta, with the branches springing from it. The Heart and 
the Vessels connected with it. The Coronary arteries . . . 339 
PLATE XLIX. 
The Abdomen opened, and the Cseliac axis with its branches, viz., Coronary (of 
Stomach), Hepatic, and Splenic ...... 340 
PLATE L. 
Fig. 1. The branches of the Cseliac axis more fully displayed. 
Figs. 2 & 3- Some branches of the Superior and the Inferior Mesenteric arteries: 
—to show their arrangement as they approach the intestine . .341 
PLATE LI. 
The Superior Mesenteric artery and its branches ..... 343 
PLATE LII. 
The Inferior Mesenteric artery and its branches ..... 343 
PLATE LIII. 
The Abdominal Aorta and the branches arising in its course. The Iliac arteries 344 
PLATE LIV. 
The Abdominal Aorta. Some of its branches more fully displayed than in the 
preceding plate ........ 345 
PLATE LV. 
The Iliac arteries in connexion with the veins ..... 346 
PLATE LVI. 
Peculiarities of the Abdominal Aorta, and of some of its branches . . 365 
PLATE LVII. 
Peculiarities of some of the branches of the Abdominal Aorta, and of the Iliac 
arteries ......... 366 
PLATE LVIII. 
Fig. 1. Unusual conformation of the Iliac arteries. 
Figs. 2 to 10. Examples of peculiar dispositions of the large Veins of the Abdomen 
and Thorax ........ 369 
PLATE LIX pAGE 
The Arteries distributed to the female Pelvic organs . . . 372 
PLATE LX 
The Arteries of the Pelvis of the male ...... 373 
PLATE LXI. 
A view of the Arteries and other structures displayed in a superficial dissection 
of the Perineum ........ 393 
PLATE LXII. 
A deeper dissection of the Perineum. The Pudic artery and the artery of the Bulb 
are shown .... .... 393 
PLATE LXIII. 
Fig. 1. The Uterine and Ovarian branches. 
Fig. 2. The Pudic artery, and the branches of the Pelvic Viscera of the male 
fully dissected out. 
Figs. 3, 4, & 5. Peculiar forms of the Pudic branches . . . 394 
PLATE LXIV. 
Various forms of the Pudic branches seen in the Perineum . . . 397 
PLATE LXV. 
Fig. 1. A peculiarity of one of the Pudic branches. 
Figs. 2 & 3. Enlarged veins of the Prostate Gland and Urinary Bladder. 
Figs. 4 to 7. Variations of the branches taking rise from the External Iliac 
and Internal Iliac arteries ....... 399 
PLATE LXVI. 
Figs. 1, 2, & 3. Various conditions of the Obturator artery. 
Fig. 4. The Epigastric in connexion with a hernia .... 400 
PLATE LXVII. 
The position of the Epigastric artery with reference to different kinds of hernia 
illustrated ••...... 402 
PLATE LXVIII. 
The various relations of the Obturator artery to different kinds of hernia . . 403 
PLATE LXIX. 
The Femoral artery, and its branches ...... 463 
PLATE LXX. 
A view of the Femoral artery, with the veins, nerves, and fascia . . . 463 
PLATE LXXI. 
Fig. 1. The Femoral artery, with nerves and veins more fully shown. 
Fig. 2. Double Femoral artery ....... 464 
PLATE LXXII. 
Figs. 1 & 2. Are supplemental to a former Plate, giving additional illustration 
of the peculiarities of the Epigastric artery, and of the position of the 
Obturator in reference to crural hernia. 
Figs. 3 to 6. Various forms of the Deep Femoral artery .... 465 
PLATE LXXIII. 
Peculiarities of the branches of the Deep Femoral, especially of the External 
Circumflex ......... 466 
PLATE LXXIV. 
The branches of the Deep Femoral further illustrated, and especially the Internal 
Circumflex ......... 468 
PLATE LXXV. 
Various forms of the Veins connected with the Femoral artery . . . 469 
PLATE LXXVI. 
The Arteries on the posterior surface of the Pelvis . . . .471 
PLATE LXXVII. 
The Arteries on the Pelvis more completely exposed than in the foregoing 
Plate; together with the termination of the Internal Circumflex and per- 
forating branches. The Popliteal artery—its upper part . . .471 
PLATE LXXVIII. 
Fig. 1. The Artery, with the veins and nerves of the Popliteal space. 
Figs. 2 & 3. Different views of the Popliteal artery in its whole length, and the 
branches ......... 472 
PLATE LXXIX. 
The Popliteal artery, and its peculiarities ...... 473 
PLATE LXXX. 
Various arrangements of the veins and the muscles connected with the Popliteal 
artery * «% • * * • • • . . 474 
PLATE LXXXI. 
Views of the Arteries on the back part of the Leg:—Popliteal, Posterior Tibial 
and Peroneal ........ 500 
PLATE LXXXII. 
The Anterior Tibial artery ........ 501 
PLATE LXXXIII. 
Fig. 1. Part of the Posterior Tibial, with the veins, nerve, and fascia—exposed 
without removing any muscle. 
Fig. 2. The Peroneal artery. 
Fig. 3. The Dorsal artery of the foot ...... 501 
PLATE LXXXIV. 
The Dorsal artery of the Foot; and some peculiarities of the Posterior Tibial 
and Peroneal ........ 503 
PLATE LXXXV. 
Fig. 1. Unusual conformation of the Muscle over the Posterior Tibial. 
Figs. 2 to 5. Different forms of the Anterior Tibial and Dorsal artery of the foot 504 
PLATE LXXXVI. 
The Plantar arteries :—their usual arrangement and some deviations from it . 506 
PLATE LXXXVII. 
The ordinary disposition of the arteries of the Brain and Spinal Cord; and 
some peculiarities of the former ...... 507 PREFACE. 
Several years have elapsed since I became impressed with the belief that the difficulties which have often occurred in the performance of those surgical operations where the larger 
arteries are concerned have arisen, in great part, from want of sufficient acquaintance with the differences in anatomical disposition to which these vessels are subject-not merely those 
deviations in the origin of large branches, which are usually named varieties, but other peculiarities of various kinds which are liable to occur, such as those which affect the length, position, or 
direction of the vessels. Under that impression I was led to observe these circumstances more closely, and finally determined to obtain a record of the condition, whatever it might be, of the 
more important vessels in a considerable number of cases,—-a record to be made especially with a view to points bearing on practical surgery. 
With this view I examined with more or less attention the bodies which were received during a series of years for the study of anatomy into the School of Medicine in University 
College. These bodies, to the number of 930, were with rare exceptions so inspected with reference to the subject of my inquiries, that anything very unusual could not escape notice; and in 
order to insure accuracy, when other occupations allowed, the arteries were carefully examined and their condition noted at the time, attention being always particularly directed to those vessels 
and to the points in their history which seemed to be of importance in the practice of surgery. 
1 his detailed investigation was continued until the number of cases observed appeared such as would afford grounds for reasonable conclusions both as to the limits of the deviations from 
the ordinary standard, and as to the relative frequency of their occurrence. 
At the same time that the observations thus made were written down, drawings were obtained of all the important peculiarities which presented themselves, and when it was practicable 
the preparations were preserved. 
The varieties in the arrangement of the blood-vessels thus noted, grew, as may be supposed, to be very numerous; but instead of difficulties multiplying with the number of observations, 
it was usually found that, as the facts accumulated, the transition from one state to a very different one ceased to be abrupt or without method, for others from time to time interposed which 
served to link them together. 
Originally these observations were intended exclusively for the benefit of my class; but as their number and connexion seemed likely to render them more extensively useful, I resolved to 
publish them. On examining with a view to publication the materials which I had collected, it became obvious that their utility would be very limited, unless as a part of a full history of the 
arteries with adequate delineations. In consequence, a series of drawings, showing the arteries according to their usual arrangement, has been prepared, and to these are appended the 
observations previously alluded to. The work has thus grown under my hands, and has gradually assumed its present form. 
To cairy out my views as to the delineations, I obtained the assistance of my friend and former pupil, Mr. Joseph Maclise. In reference to that gentleman’s labours, it may be allowed 
me to say, that while I have had the co-operation of an anatomist and surgeon, obviously a great advantage, the drawings will, I believe, be found not to have lost in spirit or effect. It affords 
me much gratification to render my acknowledgments to Mr. Maclise, for the readiness with which he acceded to my wishes, and undertook so arduous a task, and for the zeal with which he 
has devoted himself to it in the intervals of application to the duties of his profession. 
Before I explain the plan pursued in this publication, it may be permitted me to advert shortly to the distinguishing features of the principal wrorks hitherto published on the Arteries, 
because it will thus be apparent in what respects this publication differs from others. 
I he work of Haller #, the first in point of time which deserves notice, and still in many respects the best on the Anatomy of the Arterial System, is characterised by vast learning, by 
candour in the appreciation of the labours of others, and by accurate observation—in short, by those high qualities which distinguish all the writings of that illustrious author. The written 
descriptions, especially those of the branches, have perhaps never been equalled for copiousness and accuracy. But the drawings were in many instances taken from the bodies of very young- 
children ; and the treatise altogether is deficient in systematic arrangement and continuity, probably in consequence of the desultory manner of its preparation, and the length of time which • 
intervened between the publication of its parts. On the whole, though not suited to general use, the “ leones Anatomicae ” are, and will continue to be, to the diligent inquirer, a most valuable 
contribution to the history of the arteries. 
I he representations of the arteries contained in Scarpa s work on Aneurism j', like all the delineations published by the same author, are most carefully and beautifully executed. They 
comprehend, however, but a small portion of the arterial system, and have obviously been intended to show7, not so much the position and connexions of the arteries, as the branches by which 
the circulation is carried on after an operation for aneurism. 
Tiedemann J has given, in the “ Iabulag Arteriarum,” systematic and clear delineations of all the arteries, with many of their so-named varieties. To this very valuable work the 
modern student of anatomy is almost exclusively indebted for representations of the arterial system. In it, however, as in the other treatises referred to, the veins and nerves are not shown 
in connexion with the arteries, and those modifications or peculiarities of the vessels alluded to at the commencement of these observations are not taken into account. 
In the present work, the arteries are represented— 
1st.—According to their most frequent arrangement, without the accompanying veins and nerves. 
2ndly.—They are shown in connexion with the larger veins and nerves. 
Srdly. I he deviations from that which has been taken as the standard, because the most frequent condition of the arteries, are illustrated in a series of sketches. Into this part 
of the subject as much of arrangement or classification has been introduced as my information admits. 
4thly. Such peculiarities of the veins, and occasionally of the nerves and muscles, as appeared likely to be of importance in surgical operations, are represented on a reduced scale. 
The letter-press, besides an explanation of the drawings and remarks on them, contains— 
A series of Iables, showing, in a considerable number of instances, the condition of the arteries as to some of the points of most importance in their anatomy ; 
And Practical Commentaries; consisting, for the most part, of inferences from the facts previously set forth, and their application in performing surgical operations. 
R Q. 
leones Anatomic®, quibus pr®cipu® aliqu® partes Corporis humani delineat® proponuntur et Arteriarum potissimum historia continetur. Gotting® 1756. 
t Sull’ Aneurisma Riflessioni ed Osservazioni Anatomico-chirurgiche. Pavia 1804. 
X Tabul® Arteriarum Corporis Humani. Carlsruh® 1822.  
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L ondori. Taylor Sc Walton, Upp er Gower Street.  
London. Taylor&.Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
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J. Graf, Printer loHerMafeJly 
London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
J. Graf, Printer to Her Majesty. 
London. Taylor ScWalton, Upper Gower Street.  
Lone!oxi. Taylor <fe"Waltoxx, Upper Gower Street 
J~. Graf, PriMbe-r to Her Majesty - 
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London. Taylor &Walton, Upper-Gower Street. Mfu. 
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C. (?raf; Printer to Her Majesty. 
London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
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London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
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Ii(mdon . Taylor Sc Walton., Upper Gower Street. Fig. 2 
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C. Graf, Ijilh . to Her Majesty. 
London. Taylor & Walton, Vpper Gower Street. Fig-1 
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London., Taylor&Walton,Upper Gower Street. 
C.Gra/’, hth tvHer Majesty. 5/Y. 65. 
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Fig. 3. 
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Fig. 4. 
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London. Taylor Sc,Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
C. Graf, UtJv. to Her Majesty  
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Fig. 2. 
Fig. 3. 
London. Taylor&Wton, Upper Gower Street . 
C Graf, lid's, to Her Majesty. o#V7. 
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Fig. 3. 
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LraacLon. Tailor&TWalton, Upper Gower Street,. $£.68. 
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C. Graf, titfo IcHer Majesty. 
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London. Taylor &Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
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C. Graf, lith, to Her Majesty. m. 73. 
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London. Taylor &Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
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London. Taylor kWalton, Upper Gower Street 
C.Graf.LCtfa. boMerMajesby l'i-g-4. 
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London. Taylor fcWalton., Upper Gower Street . 
C.Grrxf] Jaths tcJIerMtyejty.  
London. Tailor & Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
C. Graf, l,ith. to Her Majesty. 71. 
London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
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C. Graf, Lilk. to Her Majesty. 
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London. Taylor A Walton, Upper Gower Street. MM. 
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London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street. 
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C.Graf,lit}i. to Her Majesty. 
London. TaylorkWalton, Upper Gower Street.  
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C. Graf,Zitk.toJfer Majesty. 
London. Taylor* Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
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C. Graf,Iilb. to Her Jfa/esly. 
London. Taylor k Walton, Upper Gower Street. Tig-1- 
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Fig. 5. 
C. Graf,! Ah. to Her Majesty. 
London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.  
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Fig. 2. 
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Fig. 3. 
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C.Gra/'.Zitk. to Her Majesty. 
London. Taylor & Walton, Upper Gower Street.