NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE Washington, D. C, NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS IN MEDICINE AND PHTSIOLOGr A selected group of portraits frcm the Portrait Collections maintained in the ART SECTION REFERENCE DIVISION August - September 1957 'Pitch. ■ ■/vs- 911 ... , el NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE vva;;i;mgton, d. c. > <> nobel prize winnefs in medicine and fhysiologx Id 'X An exhibition of portraits from the Art SectionTs collections. A half-century of progress in the medical sciences may well bo measured ty the achievements of the Nobel Laureates in medicine and physiology. From Qp 1901 when the first award was bestowed on Emil von Behring to 1956 and last year's winners, Dr. Werner Forssmann, Dr. Dickinson W. Richards Jr. and Dr. Andre" Cournand, a total of fifty-nine physicians and physiologists have re- ceived the Nobel Award in Physiology and Medicine. For this exhibition, portraits of over forty laureates are selected and are on display together with their own personal descriptions of their discoveries. CHRONOLOGY 1901 *Emil von Behring, 1854-1917. "5°r his work on serum therapy, especially its applica- tion against diphtheria..." , ^ 1902 '*Sir Ronald Ross, 1857-1932. "For his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation - ' . for successful research on this disease and how to co*m- >w- bat it." 1903 ' *Niels Ryberfc Finsen, 1860-1904* "In recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light rays, whereby he has opened up a new avenue to . \ - medical science." 1904 *Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, 1849-1936. "In recognition of his work on the physiology Qf diges- tion, by which, in essential respects, he has transformed and enlarged our knowledge of this subject," 1905 "Robert Koch, 1843-1910. "For his Investigations and discoveries in regard to tuberculosis." 1906 *C*millo Golgi, 1844-1926 and "Santiago Ramon y Cajal; 1852-1934. "In recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system," "Portrait ineluded in Exhibition, 1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Leveran, 1845-1922. **In recognition of his work regarding the role played by protozoa in causing diseases." 1908 Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916 and "Paul Ehrlich, 1854-1915. "In recognition of their work on immunity." 1909 Theodor Kocher, 1841-1917. "For his works on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland." 1910 Albreoht Kossel, 1853-1927. In recognition of the contributions to the chemistry of the cell made through his work oh proteins, including nucleic substances." 1911 "Allvar Gullstrand, 1862-1930. For his work in the dioptrics ef the eye«" 1912 "Alexis Carrel, 1873-1944* "In recognition of his works on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs•" 1913 "Charles Richet, 1850-1935 "In recognition of his work en anaphylaxis." 1914 Robert Jterdny, 1876-1936. "For his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus," 1915-1918 No award 1919 Jules Bordet, 1870- "For his disooveries in regard to immunity." 1920 August Krogh, 1874-1949. "For his discovery of the regulation of the motor mechanism of capillaries•* 1921 No award 1922 "Archibald Vivian Hill, 1886- "For his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscles." and 6 "Otto Meyerhof, 1844-1951 "For his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in muscle." 1923 "Frederick Grant Banting, 1891-1941 and "John James Richard Macleod, 1876-1935* "For their discovery of insulin," 1924 William Einthoven, 1860-1927 "For his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram. " 1925 N«< award 1926 Johannes Fibiger, 1867-1928. "For his discovery of the Sj-iroptera carcinoma." 1927. Julius Wagner-Jauregg, 1857-1940. "For ms discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica," 1928 Charles Nicolle, 1866-1936 "For his work on typhus." 1929 Christiaan Eijkman, 1858-1930. "For hie discovery of the antineuritic vitamin," and Frederick Gowland Hopkins, 1861-1947. "For his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins." "Karl I/indsteiner, 1868-1943. "For his discovery of the human blood groups.fl 1931 Otto Warburg, 1883- "For his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme." 1932 Charles Sherrington, 1857-1952. and Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1889- "For their discoveries regarding the function of the neurons»n 1933 Thomas Hunt Morgan, 1866-1945. "For his discoveries concerning the function of the chromosome in the transmission of heredity." 1934 "George Hoyt Whipple, 1878- "George Richards Minot, 1885-1950 and "William Parry Murphy, 1892- "For their discoveries concerning liver therapy against anemias." 1935 Hans Spemann, 1869-1941. "For his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonie development," 1936 "Sir Henry Dale, 1875- and Otto Loewi, 1873- "For their discoveries relating to the chemical transmission of nerve impulses," 1937 Albert von Szent-GJforgyi, 1893- "For his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with especial reference to vitamin G and the catalysis of fumaric acid," '■'.' r 1938 Corneille Heymans, 1892- "For his discovery of the role played by the sinus end aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration," 1939 Gerhard Domagk, 1895- "For his discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil," 1940-1942 No award 1943 Henrik Dam, 1895 "For his discovery of vitamin K." and Edward A. Doisy, 1893 nFor his discovery of tne chemical nature of vitamin K." 1944 Joseph Erlanger, 1874- and Herbert Spencer Gasser, 1888- "For their discoveries regarding the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibers." 1945 "Alexander Fleming, 1881- "Ernst Boris Chain, 1906- and "Howard Walter Florey, 1898- "For the discovery of penicillin and its thera- peutic effect for the cure of different infectious maladies." 1946 Hermann Joseph Muller, 1890- "For his discovery of the production of mutations by means of x-ray irradiation," 1947 "Bernardo Alberto Honssay, 1887- "For hie discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar," "Carl F, Cori. 1896- and "Gerty T, Cori, 1896- "For their discovery of how glycogen is oatalytioally converted," 1948 Paul Muller, 1899- "For his discovery of the high efficacy of DDT as a oontaot poison against several arthropods," 1949 Walter Rudolf Hers, 1881- "For his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs," and Egas Moniz, 1874- "For his discovery of the therapeutic value of pre- frontal leucotomy in certain psychoses," 1950 "Edward Calvin Kendall, 1886- "Philip Showalter Hench, 109^- and "Tadeus Reichstein, 1897- "For their discoveries concerning the suprarenal cortex hormones, their structure and biological effects," 1951 "Max Theiler, 1899- "For his development of vaccines against yellow fever." 1952 "Selman A. Waksman, 1888- "For his discovery of streptomycin, the first anti- biotic substance efficacious against tuberculosis." 1953 "Fritz A. Lipmann, 1899- "For his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance in intermediary metabolism." "Hans Adolf Krebs, 1900- "For his discovery of the citric acid cycle." 1954 "Thomas H. Weller, 1915- "Frederick C. Robbins, 1916- and "John F. Enders, "For their cultivation of the poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture." 1955 *Hugo Theorell, 1903- "For his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidative enzymes." 1956 "Werner Forssmann, 1904- "Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., 1896- "Andr£ F. Cournand, 1896- "For their work in perfecting the method of cardiac catherization and its application in the study of diseases of the heart and lungs." ibbllCNAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE WASHINGTON, D. C.