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HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION
MEDIGAL  SUPERINTENDENTS
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FROM 1844 TO 1874, INCLUSIVE;
                \V ITU A T. I S T


OF THE DIFFER EXT HOSPITALS FOR THE FYS AXE, A XI) THE
   .VI I/AW l.\7> DATES OF AI'I'OIXTMEXT AXD RESIGXA-
      TIOX OF THE MEDICAL SlI'ERIXTEXDEXTS.


                  iiMiy.<c?
Cimi/iili'ilfrom the records of the Association,
          \\ i
   JOHN CtJRWEN, M. D.

  SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION.
1875 
1275 
3-^y.r-:
 || ^ preparing the second edition of this history for publication, every effort
 »r  has boon made to make it as correct and complete as possible.
 ,     Several matters, which have attracted  particular attention during the
last two years, have been found, on a more careful examination, to have re-
ceived the attention  of the Association  in its earliest years,  and they  have
been now inserted as interesting subjects of history.
   Every important declaration of the Association has been given, and it  is
earnestly to be desired that all these should receive tho careful examination
of every member of the Association, that thus he  may  be  better fitted  to
discharge the duties intrusted to him. 
 
]f btorg of  ilje %Mm\\m.
   To whom the honor of first  proposing  the formation of this
 Association  is due, may be  fully learned from  a  letter written
 to the compiler of this sketch, by one of the oldest and  most
 distinguished physicians in  connection with a hospital for the
 insane, (Dr. Francis T. Stribling.)
   About the year  1844, Dr. Woodward,  the able and  distin-
 guished pioneer in our specialty, (then superintending the State
 Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester, Massachusetts,) honored  me
 with  a visit.  We, of course,  conferred freely as to all  that
 concerned the interests of the  insane;  the organization, man-
 agement, &c, of institutions for the benefit of  this afflicted
 class was the topic on which we  dwelt much.   At that period,
 there  were comparatively few hospitals for the insane  in the
 United States, and  as  we had  felt  mutually  benefited  by our
 interchange  of  views, it was deemed but reasonable that the
 noble  cause would be materially promoted by some arrangement
 to convene at stated periods, for consultation, &c, with  those
 in charge  of such  institutions.   If  I forget not, it was under-
 stood between us that Dr. Woodward would, on his way home,
 have a personal  interview with  Dr. Kirkbride, and  that they
 would, by mail, or otherwise, confer with  Dr.  Awl, of Ohio,
 and  probably some others.  The result was  a meeting of medical
 superintendents,  at  Philadelphia, and the organization of an
 association, which in my opinion, has secured  to the American
 asylums for the insane, a reputation and a confidence which the
 heretofore boasted  of institutions in Europe  cannot  afford to
 "look  down  upon."
   The first meeting of the Association was  held  at Jones' hotel
in the city of Philadelphia, on  the 16th  day of October, 1844
at 10 o'clock, A. M. 
   The officers appointed were Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, Presi-
 dent; Dr. Samuel White, Vice President; and Dr. Thomas  S
 Kirkbride, Secretary and Treasurer.
   It was decided that  the Convention should  be styled " The
 Convention of Medical Superintendents and Physicians of the
 Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane in the United States, and
 shall  consist  of the  following individuals  and of such  other
 medical superintendents and  physicians of asylums or hospitals
 for the  insane as may  hereafter be  admitted by a  vote of the
 majority of the members of the Convention," viz :
   Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, of the .Massachusetts State  Lunatic
 Hospital, at Worcester.
   Dr. Samuel White, of the  Hudson Lunatic Asylum, Hudson,
 Xew York.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, of  the Maine Insane Hospital,  at Augusta.
   Dr. Luther V. Bell,  of the  McLean Asylum for the  Insane,
 at Somerville, Massachusetts.
   Dr. C. H. Stedman,  of the Boston Lunatic Hospital,  Boston,
 Massachusetts.
   Dr. John S. Butler, of the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane,
 at Hartford.
   Dr.  Amariah  Brigham,  of the  Xew York State Lunatic
 Asylum, at Utica.
   Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Blooming-dale Asylum, Xew  York.
   Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the  Pennsylvania Hospital for
 the Insane, Philadelphia.
   Dr. William M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus.
   Dr. Francis T. Stribling,  of the Western  Lunatic Asvluni of
 Virginia, at Staunton.
   Dr. John M. Gait, of the  Eastern Lunatic Asvluni, at Wil-
 liamsburg,  Virginia.
   Dr.  Xehemiah Cutter, of the  IVpperell  Private  Asylum,
 Pepperell, Massachusetts.
   The committee appointed to  prepare business for the Conven-
tion recommended the appointment of  committees  on fifteen
different subjects;  which was adopted, and the subjects and the
gentlemen selected to compose the committees were as follows: 
                                1
 1.  On the Moral  Treatment of Insanity—Drs. Brisharn, Cutler and
       Stribling.
 2.  On the Medical Treatment of Insanity—Drs. Woodward, Awl and
       Bell.
 3.  On  Restraint  and  Restraining Apparatus—Drs.  Bell, Ray a-id
       Stedman.
 4.  On the Construction of Hospitals for the Tusane—Drs. Awl, White,
       Bell, Butler, Gait and Ray.
 5.  On the Jurisprudence of Insanity—Drs. Ray, Stribling and  Sted-
       man.
 fi.  On the Prevention of Suicide—Drs.  Butler, Kirkbride and Earle.
 7.  On the Organization of Hospitals for the Insane and a Manud for
       Attendants—Drs. Kirkbride, Brigham and Gait.
 8.  On the Statistics of  Insanity—Drs. Earle, Ray and Awl.
 1).  On  the Support  of the Pauper  Insane—Drs. Stribling, Bell and
       Ray.
10.  On  Asylums for  Idiots  and Demented—Drs. Brigham, Awl and
       White.
11.  On Chapels and Chaplains in Insane Hospitals—Drs. Butler, White
       and Stedman.
12.  On Postmortem Examinations—Drs.  Kirkbride, Stedman and Gait.
13.  On Comparative  Advantages of Treatment  in  Hospitals and  in
       Private Practice—Drs. White, Ray and Butler.
14.  On Asylums for Colored Persons—Drs. Gait, Awl and Stribling.
15.  On Provisions  for Insane Prisoners—Drs. Brigham, Bell and Earle.
1U.  On Causes  and Prevention of Insanity—Drs. Stribling,  Kirkbride
       and Brigham.
  Reports were presented from nearly all of these committees,
and discussions held on the general subjects mentioned, though
the  committees  were all  continued,  with  the  expectation  of
presenting fuller  reports at a subsequent meeting.
  In a report  on moral treatment, strong ground  is  taken  in
favor of schools in hospitals for certain classes of patients, as a
means of  mental occupation.
  The following  is of interest:
  Resolved, That it is the unanimous sense of this Convention that the
attempt to  abandon entirely  the use of all means of personal restraint
is not sanctioned by the  true interests of  the insane. 
8
    Towards  the  close of the session, it was  resolved  that the
 title of the  body in future shall be " The Association  of Med-
 ical  Superintendents of American  Institutions for the  Insane, ;
 and that the medical superintendents of the various incorporated
 or other legally constituted institutions for the  insane, now
 existing  in  the  United  States,  or which may be commenced
 prior to the next meeting, be and they  are hereby elected mem-
 bers of this Association.
   It was also resolved  that any member or members of this
 Association who may be in  Europe at  the time of the  meeting
 of the convention of physicians to the institutions for the insane
 of Great Britain, be  authorized to represent this  body at that
 meeting, and that the President and Secretary furnish the proper
 credentials.
   The Association adjourned on October 19th, to meet in Wash-
 ington, D. C, on the second Monday of May, 1846.
   Dr. Samuel White, the Vice President, died before the  next
 meeting of the Association, and from a  memoir prepared for  a
 subsequent meeting, the following abstract is made:
   Dr. White was born  in Coventry, Connecticut, on Febrr.ary
 2j>d,  1777, and pursued the study of medicine and surgery with
 Dr. Philip  Turner, of Norwich, Connecticut, a  distinguished
 surgeon in the army of the revolution.   He commenced  his pro-
 fessional career  at  Hudson,  New York, 1797, and  married  in
 1799.  His practice  soon became extensive and  he wes often
 called especially as  a  surgeon to a great distance.   In 1808 he
 was elected Professor  of Obstetrics and  Practical Surgery in the
 Berkshire Medical  Institution, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, which
 situation, after giving two courses of lectures, he resigned.
   Owing to  the  occurrence  of insanity in his own family, by
 which his domestic  enjoyments were interrupted, he was led  to
 pay much attention to this disease, and in 1830 he established  a
 private  lunatic asylum at  Hudson, which he successfully con-
 ducted.   In  1843  he was elected President  of the New York
 State Medical Society, and delivered an  address  on insanity,
 which presented  one  of the  best synopsis of our knowledge of
insanity, especially of its treatment, which has ever been pub-
lished.  In October, 1844, he attended the meeting of the Asso- 
9
ciation, but soon  after his health began to fail, and he died at
Hudson,  February 10th,  1845.
   In his personal appearance, he was tall, though  slender, his
countenance grave and dignified, yet he was of a social disposi-
tion, and  a man of pleasing address.   He discharged the various
duties of a long and active professional  life with  ability and in
a truly Christian spirit,

   Resolutions relative to Dr. White, offered by Dr. Brigham.
   Whereas, Since the last meeting of this Association, Dr.  Samuel
White, of New York, the venerable and  highly respected late Vice
President  of this Association, has died; therefore,
   Resolved, That by the death of Dr. White, this Association and the
medical profession have lost an esteemed  and valued member, and the
cause of humanity, a useful and active friend.   Particularly have the
friends of the  insane reason to mourn his loss,  as  he  has  long been
successfully engaged in relieving the sufferings of this afflicted  class of
his fellow beings, and, by his labors and his  writings, essentially aided
in improving their condition.
   Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with the surviving members of
his family, and recall at the present time the excellencies of his character,
his useful precepts, and the worthy example he presented of a gentleman,
physician and Christian, devoted  to deeds  of goodness, and whose long
and active life was spent in promoting the  welfare of his fellow men.
   Resolved, That the Secretary  of this Association present a copy of
these resolutions to the nearest relative of  the deceased.
   At the second meeting of the Association, which was held in
Washington, D. C, on May 11th, 1846, the following gentlemen
were present:
   Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic
Hospital, at Worcester.
   Dr. James Bates, of the Maine Insane Hospital, at Augusta.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland, of the New Hampshire State Hos-
pital, at Concord.
   Dr. William H. Rockwell, of the  Vermont  State  Hospital,
at Brattleboro'. 
10
  Dr. Luther V. Bell, of the McLean Asylum for the Insane,
Somerville, Massachusetts.
  Dr. N. Cutter, of the Pepperell Private Asylum, Massachusetts,
  Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hospital.
  Dr. George Chandler, of  the Massachusetts State  Lunatic
Hospital, at Worcester.
  Dr. John S. Butler, of the  Connecticut Retreat for the Insane,
Hartford.
  Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. G. H. White, of the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, New York.
  Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for
the  Insane, Philadelphia.
  Dr. R. S. Steuart and Dr. John  Fonerden, of the  Maryland
Hospital, Baltimore.
  Dr. Wm. H.  Stokes, of the Mount Hope Asylum, Baltimore.
  Dr. William M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus.
  Dr. John M.  Gait, of the Eastern Asylum of Virginia, at
Williamsburg.
  Dr. J. W. Parker, of the South Carolina Hospital, Columbia.
  Dr. Walter Telfer, of the Lunatic Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
  Dr. James Macdonald, of the Private Institution, at Flushing,
New York., and Dr. Amariah Brigham, of the New York State
Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  The resolution of the last  meeting relative to members  was
amended so as to read : That the medical superintendents of the
various incorporated or other legally constituted institutions for
the insane now  existing on  this continent, or which may be
commenced prior to the next meeting, and  all those who have
heretofore been  medical snperintendents  and  members of  this
Association, or who may be hereafter appointed to those stations,
be and they hereby are constituted  members of the Association.
  Dr. William  M. Awl was  elected Vice President, in place of
Dr. Samuel White, deceased.
  The following resolution was  also  adopted : That  in future
every regularly constituted  institution for  the insane on   this
continent may have a representative in this Association, that as
heretofore,  this  shall  be the  medical superintendent where such
officer exists; but in those institutions where there is a different 
11
organization, it  may be  either  of the regular  medical  officers
who may find it most convenient to attend.
   These two resolutions form the Constitution of the Association.
   The committees appointed at the previous meeting  generally
presented reports  which  led  to  interesting discussions, and  the
following committees were appointed on the subjects named :
  1. Treatment of Incurables—Dr.  Macdonald.
  2. Is there any relation between Phrenology and Insanity—Dr Foncr-
       den.
  H. The Classification of Insanity—Dr. Earle.
  4. The admission of visitors into the halls of patien's—Dr. Ray.
  5. Visits to and  correspondence  with  patients by  their fiiends—Dr.
       Stokes.
  0. The comparative value  of the  different kinds of manual  labor for
       patients,  and  the best  means of employment in  winter—Dr.
       Rockwell.
  7. The proper number of  patients for one institution—Dr. Brigham.
  8. The utility of night attendants, and the propriety of not  locking the
       patients' doors at night—Dr. Chandler.
  !> The advantages and disadvantages of cottages for wealthy patients
       adjacent to hospitals for  the insane—Dr. Kirkbride
 10. Ihe relative value of different kinds of fuel for heating  hospitals—
       Dr. Bates.
 11. Insanity and the  condition of the insane  in the British Province: —
       Dr. Telfer.
 12. The nature and treatment of insanity produced by the use of intoxi-
       cating liquors—Dr. Stedman.
 13. The relations of menstruation  to insanity—Dr. Fcnerden.
 11. Under what circumstances can the insane of the poorer classes be
       properly treated with the greatest economy—Dr. MeFarland.
 If). The effects upon  the insane of the use of tobacco—Dr.  Cutter.
 Hi. Reading, recreation and amusement for the insane—Dr. (Jalt.
 17. On water closets in the  wards and yards of hospitals for the insane—
       Dr. Bell.
 IS On the construction and arrangement of institutions for the insane
       in southern  climates—Dr. Parker.
   The Association adjourned on .May, 14th, to ui-et in Xew York
on the second Monday of May, 1848. 
                             12
   Dr. Samuel Bayard Woodward was born at Torrington, Litch-
field county, Connecticut, June 10th,  1787, studied medicine
with his father, an eminent physician, and at the age of twenty-
one was licensed to practice  medicine by the medical board  of
his native county, and soon  after located himself in Weathers-
field, Connecticut. When the Penitentiary was moved to Weath-
ersfield, he was appointed physician, and held the position so long
as he remained  in  Weathersfield.
   He was one of the  medical  examiners of the medical school
in New Haven, chosen  by the State Medical Society.  He was
efficient in establishing the Retreat at Hartford.   He issued cir-
culars and made the arrangements to collect the funds.   He was
one of the medical visitors of that institution while he remained
in the vicinity.   He took credit to himself in having secured for
it its present delightful location.  His attention  was called  to
this special department of the profession  by the  occurrence  of
several cases of insanity in his own practice, and  in that of  his
professional  brethren, whose adviser he was.  The difficulty of
managing these cases in their private practice led Dr. Woodward,
and his particular  friend, Dr. Eli Todd, to  take  the  first step
towards the establishment of  the  retreat.   He  was appointed
Superintendent  of the State  Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester,  in
September, 1832, went to Worcester in  December following, and
moved into the  hospital as soon as rooms could be finished and
furnished  for the reception of his family.   He retired on June
30th, 1846, on account of failing health, and moved to Northamp-
ton, where he died quite suddenly on  the  evening of January
3d, 1850.
   The following interesting  facts in his history may also   be
noticed:
   At the age of four years he went, as  was then the custom, to a
pest house, and  was inoculated with matter  of small-pox.  He
had the disease  quite severely.   What  was  remarkable in his
case was the fact of his having small-pox twice afterwards.
   At about thirty  years old, he was severely sick with  a low
grade of fever,  and was delirious; during which he refused  to
take food, under the impression that his  children were  given
him to eat, and afterwards from thinking it wrong to eat   as 
13
there was not food enough on the earth to support the inhabi-
tants.   He said he was induced to take food  by a stratagem of
his father, who gave  him  water, sa}-ing to him that the Lord
had made a great supply of water for all things, which seemed
to him  reasonable,,   When it was dark his father added milk to
the  water.   In this way he was sustained  until the delusion
passed off.   In that sickness he labored under a disease of the
organ of vision.   Those in his sick  chamber  seemed to move
with great velocity.   Those coming toward him appeared to be
coming so fist that they would certainly dash against him.   He
requested them to move  slowly.  This fever  left him with an
enlarged leg, the veins of which were varicose.   An ulcer came
upon the  ankle of this leg, which was open most of the time.
   He was elected  in 1830 to a seat in the Senate of Connecticut,
and on  taking up his residence in Massachusetts, was commis-
sioned  by the Governor as a justice of  the peace, which  was
renewed at the end of seven years.
   His  printed literary labors are mostly comprised in his reports
to the trustees of  the  hospital  of which he had the superinten-
dence for  thirteen  years, making in all, about six hundred pages
of  large octavo: a series of articles published  in 1839, in the
 Boston  Mercantile Journal, on  the  subject of an  asylum  for
inebriates; Hints to the Young, on  a subject forced upon his
attention  by a large  number  of its  unhappy victims, of both
sexes, whose forlorn condition  overcame his  innate modesty on
this subject,  and induced him to publish for their warning these
hints to the  youug; and after  leaving the hospital, his  Report
on the  Fruits of New England was  published by the Agricul-
cultural  Society  of  Hampshire  county,  Massachusetts.   Be-
sides these,  some  minor  articles  of his have been printed.
 He wrote and deliveied  several lyceum lectures.  His  hos-
pital reports were extensively circulated—three thousand copies
being the standing order of the Legislature.   While in practice,
his office was for some years the great resort for young men who
wished to enter the profession.   It was his rule to attend to his
students and hear their recitations, in the  morning before  sun-
rise.  He seldom  failed of being at his own house punctually
at the hour of dining. 
wa,-
inclies
                             14

  His personal appearance was  commanding, and  nis  ca    g
    truly majestic.   His stature was six feet  two and  one-halt
    es, and without the deformity of obesity, his weight  was
about two hundred  and sixty  pounds.  He was erect, and,
though  full in figure, his motions  were quick  and  graceful.
Although very civil and acceptable to all, he seemed born to
command.  Dignity and ever-enduring cheerfulness  sat upon
his countenance, and betokened the  serenity and happy state of
the feelings within."

Itcxohition on the Resignation of Dr. S. B.  Woodward, offered
              by Dr. J. M. Gait, May 11, 184,8.
  Wiikkeas, Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, at the present meeting of this
Association, has tendered his resignation as President; therefore.
  Resolved, That whilst accepting this resignation, we cannot adjourn
without declaring our high sense of the services of Dr. Woodward as
President of this body, and also our full appreciation of his ardent and
useful exertions for so many years in behalf of the  unfortunate insane.
  Dr. W. Tel for died in 1857 or 18o8, having left the asylum
several vcars before.
  The third meeting of the Association was held in New York,
on the 8th day of May, 1*48.   Present—
  Dr. James Bates, Maine Hospital for the Insane, Augusta.
  Dr. Win. H. Rockwell, State Asylum, Brattleboro', Vermont.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for  the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. A.  Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. C.  H. Stedman, Boston Lunatic  Hospital.
  Dr. Pliny Earle, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. James Macdonald, San ford Hall, Flushing, Lono- Island.
  Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania  Hospital for the
Insane,  Philadelphia.
  Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asvluni,  Frankford
Pennsylvania. 
15
  Dr. N. D. Benedict, Philadelphia Almshouse.
  Dr. John Fonorden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
  Dr. John M. Gait,  Eastern  Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
  Dr. William M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
  Dr. John R. Allen, Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky.
  Or.  Luther Y.  Bell, McLean  Asylum, Somerville, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. II. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey.
  Dr. A. MoFarland, Lunatic Asylum, Concord,  New  Hamp-
shire.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution,  Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. George  H. White, Private Asylum, Hudson, New York.
  Dr. M. H. Rannev, Blackwell's Island  Lunatic Asvlum, Xew
York.
  Dr. S. B. Woodward having resigned his office of President,
Dr. William M. Awl was elected to that position, and Dr. A.
Brigham, Vice President.
  Dr. Brigham  read  an obituary notice of Dr. Samuel White,
late Vice President of the Association.
  The discussion covered a great variety of subjects  connected
with the  treatment and management of the insane, and the
arrangement of hospitals for their accommodation.
  The most notable feature was the adoption of a scries of reso-
lutions condemnatory of the arrangements of the lunatic asylum
on Blackwell's Island, and the recommendation of many improve-
ments  in the construction and management of the institution,
most of which have since been adopted.
  A resolution was also adopted strongly'deprecatory of the
selection of medical superintendents  of  hospitals  on  political
grounds, "as a dangerous departure from  that sound rule which
should govern every appointing power, of seeking the best men,
irrespective of every other consideration."
  At this  meeting a  resolution was  passed that  the trustees,
managers,  or  official  visitors  of each insane  asylum on  this
continent, be invited to attend the meetings of the Association.
  The  Association adjourned  on May 12th, to meet in Utica,
New York, in 1849. 
                            16
                                  .  •      „ v.^1d  in  TJtica,
  The fourth meeting of the Association was nemjn
New York, on the 21st day  of May, 1849.  Present
  Dr. James Bates, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine
  Dr. L. V.  Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachusetts.
  Dr. C. H.  Stedman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. I.  Ray,  Butler Hospital  for the Insane, Providence,
Rhode Island.
  Dr. A. Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. H. A.  Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New  Jersey.
  Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for  Insane,
 Philadelphia.
   Dr. William  M. Awl,  Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. J. S.  McNairy, State  Hospital for Insane,  Nashville,
 Tennessee.
   Dr. C. Fremont, Beauport Asylum, Quebec, Cauada East,
   Dr. G. H.  White,  Lunatic Asylum,  Hudson, New York.
   Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver-
 mont.
   Dr. C. H.  Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum,  New York.
  Dr. J. IT.  Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
 sylvania.
  Dr. E. Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. N. D. Benedict, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms-
 house.
  Resolutions expressive of the regard and esteem  for Dr. James
 Macdonald, and regret at his death, were passed as the first act
of the Association.
  Dr. Bell read a paper on the disease which has been  frequently
called, from his description, Bell's disease.
  Dr. Cutter read a history  of the treatment of the insane since
1814,  with special reference to his own  observations in that
disease.
  The following  resolutions are  matters of interest  and were
offered by Dr. Kirkbride :
  Resolved, That it is the deliberate conviction of this Association that
an abundance  of pure air,  at  a proper temperature, is an essential
element in the  treatment of the sick, especially in hospitals, and whether 
17
for those afflicted with  jidinary disease or for the insane, and that no
expense that is required to effect this object thoroughly can be deemed
either misplaced or injudicious.
  Resolved,  That the experiments recently made in various institutions
in this country and elsewhere prove,  to the satisfaction of the members
of this Association, that the best means of supplying warmth in  winter
at present known to them consists in  passing fresh air from the external
atmosphere over pipes or plates containing steam under low pressure or
hot water, the temperature of which,  at  the boiler, does not  exceed
-12° F., and placed  in  large air chambers in the basement or cellar of
the building  to be heated.
  Resolved,  That a  complete system of forced ventilation, connected
with such a mode of heating, is  indispensable  in every institution
devoted to these purposes, and where all possible benefits are sought to
be derived from its arrangements.

   The following standing committees were appointed:
  On the Moral Management of the  Insane—Dr. Awl.
  On the Medical Management of the Insane—Dr. Bates.
  On the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity—Dr. Ray.
  On the Construction of Hospitals for the Insane—Dr. Kirkbride.
  On Restraining Apparatus—Dr. Nichols.
   The Association adjourned on  May 24, to meet in  Boston, on
the third Tuesday of June,  1850.

   Dr. James  Macdonald was born at White  Plains, New York,
July 18,  1803.  Commenced  the  study of medicine in  1821,
and  received the degree of M. D. from the College of Physicians
and  Surgeons, of New  York, on March 29, 1825, ami almost
immediately after was appointed resident Physician of  Bloom-
ing-dale Asylum.   He remained at  Bloomingdale until the latter
part of the  year 1830, when he  resigned and commenced the
general practice of his profession,  in the city of New York.
He was sent abroad in the spring of  1831, by the Governors of
the New York Hospital, to visit the  institutions  for the insane
in Europe.   He returned to New York, in October, 1832, and
immediately took charge of Bloomingdale Asylum,  where he
remained  until the autumn of 1837, when he -gain commenced
the general  practice of his  profession, in New York city.  In
the following spring  he was elected one of the attending physi-
       2 
                              18
cians of the New York Hospital, which he held for four years,
and  then  resigned.   In 1839 he  again  visited  Europe     e
opened a  private institution for the treatment of- mental disor-
ders, on the 1st day of June, 1841, at Murray HiH, but in the
spring of  1846 removed to Sanford Hall, near Flushing, Long
Island.  In 1842, he  was tendered the situation of Superin-
tendent of the New  York State Lunatic Asylum, which, after
 mature consideration, he declined.
   He was attacked,  on the  30th  of April,  1848, with severe
 pleuro-pneumonia, and died on May 2, 1849.
   He materially aided in the  establishment of the Asylum for
 the Insane on Blackwell's Island,  and was appointed one of the
 visiting physicians in  1847.

 Resolutions on the Death of Dr.  James Macdonald, offered by
                  Dr. L. V. Bell, May 21, 181$.
   Resolved, That as the first official  act of  this Association, we  would
 give utterance to the  profound sensibilities with which we have been
 impressed  by the  recent decease of our honored associate and friend,
 Dr. James Macdonald of New York
   Resolved, That in view of his elevated personal character, his high
 intellectual attainments, his  extended  experience of nearly twenty-four
 years devoted to our department of professional  labor, we deeply  appre-
 ciate the breach made in the ranks  of science  and usefulness  by his
 death, and in the premature close of a life of devotion  to duty, at its
 meridian, we recognize  the hands of a  mysterious and inscrutable Prov-
 idence, to which, however dark, we would submit, in humble faith and
 adoration.
   Resolved, That so important an event in the history of our Associa-
 tion, as well as of that department of professional  labor to which our
 lives are devoted, ought not to pass without some more enduring recog-
 nition of his life and services, and that some member be appointed to
 prepare and publish, and have registered on our annals, a suitable tribute
 to his memory,  in a record of his professional  life and labors.

   Dr.  John S. McNairy  died  in Nashville, Tennessee, August
18,  1849,  aged thirty-seven years.   He was appointed Super-
intendent  and Physician of the  State Hospital for the Insane
at the age  of thirty-one. 
                             19
   The fifth meeting of the Association was held in  Boston, on
 June 18, 1850.  Present—
   Dr. James Bates, Insane Hospital, Augusta, Maine.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland, Insane  Asylum,  Concord,  New
 Hampshire.
   Dr. Luther  V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville,  Massa-
 chusetts.
   Dr. C. A. Stedman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,
   Dr. Edward Jar vis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
   Dr. George  Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital,  Worcester,
 Massachusetts.
   Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
   Dr. John S.  Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
 necticut.
   Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
   Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver-
 mont.
   Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
   Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black-
 well's Island.
   Dr. Henry W. Buel, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York.
   Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum,  Trenton, New
 Jersey.
   Dr. Thomas S.  Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for the
 Insane, Philadelphia.
   Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
 sylvania.
   Dr. William  S. Haines, Insane  Department, Philadelphia
 Almshouse.
   Dr.  John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
   Dr.  John M.  Gait, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
 Virginia.
   Dr.  William M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. S.  Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, (elect,) Columbus,
Ohio.
   Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital  for the Insane,  Indianapolis,
Indiana. 
                            20
  Dr. J. M. Higgins,  Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville,
Illinois.
  Dr.  Edward  Mead,  Retreat  for Insane,  (private,) Chicago,
Illinois.
  Dr.  John R. Allen, Eastern  Lunatic Asylum, Lexington,
Kentucky.
  Dr.  John Waddell,  Provincial  Lunatic  Asylum,  St. John,
New Brunswick.
  Dr.  James Douglass, Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Canada.
  Dr.  L. V. Bell was  elected Vice President, in  place of Dr.
Briglnm, deceased.
  At this meeting Dr. Ray brought forward  the Project of a
Law regulating the legal relations of the insane.
  A large number of valuable and interesting papers on a great
variety of subjects connected with the  treatment and welfare of
the insane,  and on  the arrangements  of institutions  for their
care, were read and discussed at this meeting.
  The Association adjourned on June 22d,  1850, to  meet  in
Philadelphia en the third Monday of May, 1851.
   Dr. Amariah Brigham was born at New  Marlboro, Berkshire
county, Massachusetts, on December 26, 1798.
   He  commenced practice,  a  youth  somewhat short of his
majority, in  the  town of  Enfield, Massachusetts,  where  he
remained two years, and then removed to Greenfield, where he
continued seven years.  He visited Europe, sailing on July 16,
1828,  and remained abroad visiting hospitals in all the countries
he visited, about a year, reaching Boston, on his return, on July
4, 1829, and in a short time  resumed practice in  Greenfield.
 He removed to Hartford, Connecticut,  in April, 1831.
   While in  Hartford he wrote and  published  the  following
 works:   Influence of Mental Cultivation on Health;  Influence
 of Religion on the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind;
 a Treatise on  Epidemic  Cholera;  and an Inquiry concerning
 the Diseases and Functions of  the  Brain, the  Spinal Cord  and
 the Nerves.  In 1837 he was elected Professor of Anatomy and
 Surgery in the College of Physicians and  Surgeons, New York
 city,  where  he remained a year  and  a-half.   He  was elected
 Superintendent and Physician of  the Retreat for  the Insane 
21
Hartford,  Connecticut, in 1840, and  in  the fall of  1842 to  a
similar appointment in connection with the State Lunatic Asy-
lum,  Utica, New York.   He commenced publishing the Jour-
nal of Insanity in July, 1844.   His  health began to fail in  the
summer of 1847, (though he had been feeble for two years pre-
vious,) and  though benefited  by a trip to the South, in  the
spring of 1848, he  never fully regained it, and died  September
8, 1849.   In person Dr. Brigham was tall,  somewhat less than
six feet in  height, and  very  slender, his weight,  in  health,
probably not exceeding one hundred and  thirty pounds.   His
features were  well proportioned,  though  rather small  than
otherwise,  eyes of a  soft, dark  blue,  expressing   more than
usual  the  varying emotions of his  mind.   His  hair was  thin,
of a brown color, and  slightly, if at all, gray, at  the time of his
death.   His gait was naturally slow, and by no means graceful,
while his voice was soft, low, and quite melodious.   As a whole,
however, his appearance and manner  indicated, to the observer,
a superior and cultivated intellect, a firm will, perfect self-pos-
session, a social disposition, and a kind and generous heart.

Resolutions  on  the Death  of Drs.   Woodward  and Brigham,
             offered by Dr.  V. Bell,  June 21, I860.
   Resolved, That this Association has felt, beyond the  power of ade-
quate expression, the  profound solemnity which has been thrown around
us on the occasion of its  present meeting, by the loss of two of its mem-
bers, so prominent in the history of its organization, as well as in the
records of the provision for the insane in this country, and with still more
sensibility, in view of the exalted  personal worth, the  amiable, cheerful
and  communicative  manner,  and  pure,  self-sacrificing  lives  of the
deceased.
   Resolved, That the deep and general regret which filled the mind of
the whole philanthropic community of an  entire section of  country, and
circles  where  they were best known, uttered in a thousand forms  of
expression,  leaves us in no doubt that their virtues, merits and devotion
to great public duties, have been  appreciated  in a degree  commensurate
with their  just claims, and leaving neither place nor necessity for any
long-drawn eulogium.
   Resolved, That notwithstanding the full justice which has been done
to the public and private characters of our distinguished friends, we still
feel that the members of this Association, more intimately and fully 
                            22
acquainted with  their peculiar  traits of service and "^ j °™
specialty, ought not to be satisfied without a ^H^^
of our feelings and opinions as to our deceased brothers w
earnestly and respectfully request that Dr. Chandler won dprepare, to
the next meeting of the Association, a biographical sketch of the 1 at
Dr. Woodward, and that Dr. Nichols perform the same duty as regards
the late Dr. Brigham.
   Dr James Bates resigned  his position as Superintendent  of
the Maine Hospital for the Insane, in 1851, and  is still living
at Yarmouth, Maine.
   Dr. John R. Allen  resigned  the Superintendency of the
the Eastern  Lunatic Asylum of Kentucky, on October 1,1854,
moved to St. Louis, thence to Keokuk, and after some years  to
Memphis, where he is now engaged  in the practice of medicine,
(1868.)
  The sixth meeting of the Association was held in Philadel-
phia, on May 19th, 1851.  Present—
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. John S.  Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. N.  D.  Benedict, State Lunatic Hospital,  Utica, New
York.
  Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New Y^ork.
  Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey.
  Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania Hospital for  the
Insane, Philadelphia.
  Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr. William S.  Haines, Insane Department,  Philadelphia
Almshouse.
  Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg.
   Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland  Hospital, Baltimore,  Mary-
land. 
23
  Dr. S. Hanbury  Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
  Dr. J. W. Parker, Asylum  for the Insane, Columbia, South
Carolina.
  Dr. R. J. Patterson,  Hospital  for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr J. Morrin, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada.
  Dr. Pliny Earle, late of Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr. J. M. Higgins,  Hospital for  the Insane, Jacksonville,
Illinois.
  Dr.  W.  H.  Stokes,  Mount  Hope  Institution,  Baltimore,
Maryland.
   Dr. George  Chandler, State Lunatic  Hospital,  Worcester,
Massachusetts.
  Dr.  Edward Jarvis, Dorchester,  Massachusetts.
  Dr.  M.  A.  Ranney, Lunatic Asylum, Blackwells' Island,
Xew York.
   Dr.  Charles  Evans, Consulting  Physician of the Friends'
Asylum, Frankford, Pennsylvania,
  Lawrence Lewis, Mordecai L. Dawson, and William Biddle,
managers of the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane, and
William Bettle and John C. Allan, managers of the Friends'
Asylum, Frankford, Joseph Konigmacher, trustee of the State
Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and   Alexander
Cummings, W. S.  Hansell  and T. Robinson, Guardians of the
Philadelphia Lunatic Asylum, were invited  to take  seats  with
the members of the Association.
   Dr.  W. M.  Awl resigned the  office of President, and  Dr.
Luther V. Bell was  elected  President, and Dr. Isaac  Ray,
Yice President.

Resolution on  Dr.  Awl's  resignation, offered by Dr.  T. H. Kirk-
                    bride, May 19th, 1851.
  Resolved,  That the members of  this Association, on receiving  the
resignation of Dr. Awl, as its presiding officer, cannot allow the occasion
to pass without testifying their full appreciation of his efforts as one of
the  promoters   of this  Association, and of his varied and important
services in the  cause of the insane, and their regrets  are increased by
the knowledge that impaired health should have compelled him to cease 
                                24
to occupy the post of active usefulness in which he has been so long an
so favorably known.

   At this meeting were discussed and  adopted the propositions
on the  construction  of hospitals for  the  insane, which have
been so  eminently useful in the arrangement of hospitals to the
present  time:
   1.  Every hospital for the insane should be in the  country, not within
less than two miles of a large town, and easily accessible at  all seasons.
   2. No hospital for the  insane, however limited its capacity, should
have less than fifty acres of land, devoted to gardens and pleasure grounds
for its patients.   At least one hundred acres should be possessed by
every State hospital, or other institutions,  for two hundred patients, to
which number these propositions apply, unless otherwise mentioned.
   3.  Means should be provided to raise ten  thousand gallons of water,
daily, to reservoirs that will supply the  highest parts of the  building.
   4.  No hospital for the insane should  be  built without the  plan having
been first submitted to some physician or physicians who have had charge
of a  similar establishment,  or are practically acquainted with  all the
details of their arrangements, and received his or their full approbation.
   5.  The  highest number that can  with propriety be treated in one
building  is two hundred and fifty, while  two hundred is a preferable
maximum.
   G. All such buildings should be constructed of stone or  brick, have
slate or metallic roofs, and as far as possible, be made secure from acci-
dents by fire.
   7. Every hospital, having provision for two hundred or more patients,
should have in  it at least eight distinct wards for each sex—making six-
teen classes in the entire establishment.
   S. Each ward should  have  in it  a parlor, a corridor, single  lodging
rooms for patients, an associated dormitory,  communicating with a cham-
ber for two attendants, a  clothes room, a bath room, a water closet, a
dining room, a dumb waiter, and a speaking tube,  leading to  the kitchen
or other central  part of the building.
   9. No apartments should  ever be  provided  for  the confinement of
patients, or as their lodging rooms, that  are not  entirely above ground
   10. No class of rooms should ever be constructed without some  kind
of window in each, communicating directly with  the external atmosphere
   11. No  chamber for the use of a  single patient  should ever be less
than eight  by ten feet, nor should the ceiling of any story occupied bv
patients be less than twelve feet in height. 
25
   12.  The floors of patients' apartments should always be of wood.
   13.  The  stairways should  always be of iron,  stone, or other inde-
structible material, ample  in  size and  number, and  easy of access,  to
afford convenient egress in case of accident from fire.
   14.  A large hospital should consist of a  main  central building with
wings.
   15.  The main central  building  should  contain the offices, receiving
rooms for company, and apartments, entirely private,  for the superinten-
ding physician and family, in case that officer resides in  the  hospital
building.
   16.  The wings should be so arranged that if rooms are placed on both
sides of  a corridor, the corridors  should be furnished at both ends with
movable glazed sashes for the free admission of both light and air.
   17.  The  lighting should be by gas, on account of its convenience,
cleanliness, safety and economy.
   18.  The  apartments for washing clothing, &c, should  be detached
from the hospital building.
   19.  The  draining should be under ground, and  all  the inlets to the
sewers should be properly secured to prevent offensive emanaticns.
   20.  All hospitals should be warmed by passing  an abundance  of pure
fresh air from the external atmosphere, over pipes or plates containing
steam under low pressure, or hot water, the  temperature of which does
not exceed 212° F., and placed in the basement or cellar of  the building
to be heated.
   21.  A complete  system of  forced ventilation, in connection with the
heating, is indispensable to give  purity to the air of a hospital for the
insane, and no expense that is required to effect this object thoroughly,
can be deemed either misplaced or injurious.
   22.  The  boilers for generating steam for warming the building should
be in a detached structure connected, with which may be the engine for
pumping water, driving the washing apparatus and other machinery.
   23.  All water closets should, as far as possible,  be made of inde-
structible materials, be simple in their arrangements, and have a strong
downward ventilation connected with them.
   24.  The floors of bath rooms, water closets and basement stores, should,
as far as possible, be made  of materials that will not absorb moisture.
   25.  The wards for the most excited class should be  constructed with
rooms  on but  one  side of a corridor, not  less than  ten  feet wide, the
external  windows of which  should be large, and have pleasant views from
them.
   26.  Whenever practicable, the pleasure grounds of a  hospital for the 
                             2G
insane should be surrounded by a substantial wall, so placed as n
unpleasantly visible from the building.
   These propositions were drawn up by Dr. Kirkbride.
   At this meeting Dr. Kirkbride  resigned the  office  of  Secre-
tary, which he had held since the  organization  of the Associa-
tion, and Dr. Buttolph was elected in  his place.
   The  following resolution, adopted  at  this  meeting,  is  of
interest:
   Resolved,  That it is the duty of the community to provide and suit
ably care for all classes of the insane, and that in  order to secure  their
greatest good and highest welfare, it is indispensable that institutions for
their exclusive care and treatment, having a resident medical superinten-
dent, should  be provided, and that it is improper, except from  extreme
necessity, as a temporary arrangement, to confine insane persons in county
poorhouses or other institutions, with those afflicted with or treated for
other diseases or confined for misdemeanors.

   The papers read and the discussions had  were very interest-
ing, varied  and instructive,  and the  Association adjourned on
May 23d,  1851, to meet in New York in 1852.
   Dr. William M. Awl resigned his position as Superintendent
of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum on July 1st, 1850, and  resides  in
Columbus,  Ohio.
   The seventh meeting  of the Association was  held in New
York, commencing on May ISth, 1852.  Present—
   Dr. Luther V. Bell,  McLean Asylum,  Somerville,  Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler  Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
   Dr. H. A.  Buttolph,  State  Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New
Jersey.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland,  Insane  Asylum,  Concord  Xew
Hampshire.
   Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford  Con-
necticut. 
27
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital,  Boston, Massachusetts.
  Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. N. I). Benedict, State Lunatic  Asylum,  Utica,  New
York.
  Dr. M. H.  Ranney, Lunatic  Asylum, Black wells'  Island,
New York.
  Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the  Insane,
Philadelphia.
  Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr. John Curwen,  Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg.
  Dr. Francis T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton,
Virginia.
  Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus,  Ohio.
  Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville,
Georgia.
  Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings County  Lunatic Asylum, Flat-
bush, New York.
  Dr. A. Lopez, Hospital for the Insane, Alabama.
  Drs.  H. W. Buel and B. Odgen, Sanford Hall,  Flushing,
New York.
  Dr.  J. M.  Higgins, Hospital for  the Insane,  Jacksonville,
Illinois.
  Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic  Hospital, Worcester,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. William  S. Haines,  Insane  Department,  Philadelphia
Almshouse.
  Dr. C. Fremont, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada.
  Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for  the Insane,  Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Visitors—E.  A.  Wetmore,  Esq., Treasurer  State  Lunatic
Asylum, Utica.
  Stacy B. Collins, Board of Governors of New York Hospital.
  A. Munson, Esq., President  of Board of Managers  of State
Lunatic Asylum, Utica,  New York. 
                            28
  The discussions of the various papers presented  were inter-
esting  and  instructive, and after a very pleasant meeting, the
Association adjourned on May 22d, 1852, to meet in Baltimore,
Maryland.
  Dr.  J. M. Higgins, was removed from his position by a new
Board  of Trustees of the Illinois Hospital, on June 6th, 1853,
and is  ttill living, engaged in the practice of medicine in Griggs-
ville, Illinois.
   The eighth meeting was held in Baltimore, Maryland, com-
 mencing on May 10th, 1853.   Present—
   Dr. Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania Hospital for the
 Insane, Philadelphia.
   Dr. F. T.  Stribling,  Western  Lunatic Asylum, Staunton,
 Virginia.
   Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica. New York.
   Dr. H. A. Buttolph,  State Lunatic  Asylum,  Trenton, New
 Jersey.
   Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
   Dr. John  Curwen,  Pennsylvania State  Lunatic Hospital,
 Harrisburg.
   Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
 sylvania.
   Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum  for the Insane,  Concord, New
 Hampshire.
   Dr. R. J. Patterson,  Hospital for the  Insane, Indianapolis,
 Indiana.
   Dr. Elijah Kendrick, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital,  Boston, Massa-
 chusetts.
   Dr. John  Fonerden,  Maryland  Hospital,  Baltimore, Mary-
 land.
   Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount  Hope Institution, Baltimore
Maryland.                                                 ' 
29
  Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat-
bush,  New York.
   Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean  Asylum, Somerville, Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr. I. Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
   Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
   Dr. J.  D. Stewart, Insane Department,  Philadelphia  Alms-
house.
   Dr. T. R. H.  Smith, State  Lunatic Asylum,  Fulton, Mis-
souri.
   Dr. C.  H.  Nichols, Government  Hospital  for the  Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
   Many interesting papers were read at this meeting, but the
most important action was the adoption of the  propositions on
organization of Hospitals  for the Insane:
   1. The general controlling  power should be vested in  a board of trus-
tees or managers; if of a State institution, selected in  such  a  manner
as will be likely most effectually to protect it from all influences connected
with political measures or political  changes; if of a private corporation,
by those properly authorized  to vote.
   2. The board of trustees should not exceed twelve in number, and be
composed of individuals possessing the public confidence, distinguished
for liberality, intelligence, and active benevolence, above all political
influence, and able and willing faithfully to attend to the duties of their
station. Their tenure of office should be so arranged, that where changes
are deemed desirable, the terms of not more than one-third of the whole
number should expire in one year.
   3. The  board of trustees should appoint the physician, and  on his
nomination,  and not otherwise, the assistant  physician, steward  and
matron.  They  should, as a board or  by  committee, visit  and examine
every part of the institution,  at frequent  stated  intervals, not less  than
semi-monthly, and  at  such other  times  as they may deem expedient,
and exercise so careful a supervision over  the expenditures  and  general
operations of the hospitals, as to give to the community a proper degree
of confidence in the correctness of its management.
  4. The physician should be the superintendent and  chief executive
officer  of the establishment.  Besides being a well  educated physician,
he should possess the mental, physical and social qualities to fit him for
the post.  He should  serve during good behavior, reside on, or  very
near the premises, and his compensation should be so liberal as to enable 
                                 30
 him to devote his whole time and energies to the welfare of the hospi-
 tal.   He should nominate to the board suitable persons to act as assistant
 physician, steward and matron;  he should have the entire control of the
 medical, moral and  dietetic  treatment of the patients, the unreserved
 power of appointment  and  discbarge of all  persons  engaged in their
 care, and should  exercise a  general  supervision and direction of every
 department of the institution.
   5. The assistant physician, or assistant physicians,  where more than
 one are required, should be graduates of  medicine, of such character
 and qualifications as to be able  to represent  and perform  the ordinary
 duties of the physician during his absence.
   6  The steward, under the direction of the superintending physician,
 and by his  order  should make all purchases for the institution, keep the
 accounts, make engagements with, and pay and discharge those employed
 about the establishment; have  a supervision of the  farm, garden  and
 grounds, and perform such other duties as may be assigned him.
   7. The matron,  under  the direction  of the  superintendent, should
 have a general supervision of the domestic arrangements of the house,
 and, under the same direction,  do what she can to promote the comfort
 and restoration of the patients.
   8. In  institutions containing  more than  two hundred  patients,  a
 second assistant  physician and  apothecary should be  employed, to the
 latter of whom, other duties, in  the male  wards, may be  conveniently
 assigned.
   9. If a chaplain is deemed desirable as a permanent officer, he should
 be selected  by the superintendent, and like  all  others engaged in  the
 care of the  patients, should be entirely under his direction.
   10. In every hospital for the  insane, there should be one supervisor
 for each sex, exercising a general oversight  of all the attendants and
 patients, and forming a  medium of communication  between  them and
 the officers.
   11. In no institution should  the  number of persons  in immediate
 attendance on  the patients  be in a  lower ratio  than one attendant for
 every ten patients;  and a much larger  proportion  of attendants will
 commonly be desirable.
   12. The fullest authority should be given to the superintendent to take
 every  precaution  that  can  guard  against  fire  or accident within an
institution, and to secure this an efficient night watch should alwavs be
provided.
   13.  The  situation and  circumstances  of  different  institutions may
require a considerable number of persons to be employed in various other 
31
 positions, but in every hospital, at least all those that have been referred
 to are deemed not only desirable, but absolutely  necessary, to give  all
 (he  advantages that may be hoped for  from a liberal  and enlightened
 treatment of  the insane.
   14. All persons employed in the care of the insane  should  be active.
 vigilant cheerful, and in good health.  They should be of a  kind and
 •K'n-volent disposition, be educated, and in all respects trustworthy, and
 their compensation should be  sufficiently liberal  to  secure the services
 <>f individuals of this description.
   These propositions  were prepared by Dr. Kirkbride.
   During this  meeting the Association visited Washington,  to
 examine the site of the new hospital for the army and  navy
 and the District of Columbia.
   The  Association adjourned on May 13th, 1853, to  meet  in
 Washington, District  of Columbia.
   Dr.  N.  D. Benedict was  obliged  to resign his  position  as
 Superintendent of the  New York  State Lunatic  Asylum,  to
 which he had been appointed in the fall of 1849.   He had pre-
 viously  held the  office  of  chief physician of the Philadelphia
 Almshouse,  and had   commenced  and put in operation great
 changes in  the insane  department of  that institution.  Since
 leaving Ptica, he has resided, on account of his tendency to dis-
 order of the lungs, in Florida.
   Dr. J. D.  Stewart died on April 12th, 1854, in  the  fortieth
 year of his age.
   Dr. Elijah Kendrick  resigned his position as Superintendent
 of Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum  on July  1st,  1854,  and for
 several years past has had a private institution near New Brigh-
 ton, Beaver county, Pennsylvania.
   Dr  Francis Bullock was  born  at  Centreville,  Allegheny
county, New York, June 22d, 1828; received his degree of M.
 D. from the  College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York,
in October, 1849; was appointed resident physician of Kings
County Lunatic Asylum, at  Flatbush, Long Island, January,
1850, which place he  held at  the time of  his death, in July,
1853. 
                            32
  The ninth annual meeting was held in the city of Washing-
ton,  Dislrict of Columbia,  in  the rooms  of the  Smithsonian
Institute, commencing on May 9th, 1854.   The following mem-
bers were present:
  Dr. Luther V. Bell,  of  the  McLean Asylum,  Somerville,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Isaac Kay, of the Butler Hospital,  Providence, Rhode
Island.
  Dr. F. T. Stribling, of the Western Lunatic Asylum, Staun-
ton, Virginia.
   Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania  Hospital for the
Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. T.  R. H.  Smith,  State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton,  Mis-
souri.
   Dr. James S. Athon,  Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
   Dr. John  Waddell, Provincial  Lunatic  Asylum, St.  John,
 New Brunswick.
   Dr. John  Curwen,   Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg.
   Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Insane Asylum. Raleigh, North Caro-
lina.
   Dr. W.  A. Cheatham, Hospital for the  Insane, Nashville,
Tennessee.
   Dr. John F. Tyler, Asylum  for  the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
   Dr. William H.  Stokes, ?>lt.  Hope Institution,  Baltimore,
Maryland.
   Dr. J.  H.  Worthington,  Friends'  Asylum,  Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. D. T. Brown,  Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Or. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore Marvland.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorcestcr, Massachusetts.
  Dr. Joseph Morriii, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East.
  Dr. T. M. Ingraham, Kings County Lunatic Asylum  Flat-
bush, New York. 
33
  Dr. M. II. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black-
well's Island.
  Dr. C. II. Nichols, Government Hospital for  the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. William M. Awl, late of Lunatic Asylum, Columbus,
Ohio.
  Dr. Buttolph resigned his office of Secretary, and Dr. Nichols
was chosen to that office.
  The Association paid their respects to the  President of the
United  States, visited  Mount Vernon, and also the principal
public buildings in Washington, and after a pleasant and profit-
able meeting, adjourned  on May 12th, 1854, to meet in the city
of Boston.
  Dr. T. M. Ingraham left the  institution of which he was for a
short  time  physician,  (Kings  County  Lunatic  Asylum,)  to
engage  in private practice in Flatbush, and  is now (1868) in
practice at  Flatlands, New York.
   The tenth annual  meeting of the  Association was  held in
Boston, Massachusetts, commencing on  May 22d, 1855.   The
use of the Senate Chamber having been tendered to the Associa-
tion by that  body, the Association was  organized there.   The
h". 1 lowing members were present:
   Dr.  Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum,  Somerville, Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
   Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the  Insane,
Philadelphia.
   Dr.  C.  H. Nichols, Government  Hospital  for the  Insane,
Washington, District  of Columbia.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. John Curwen,   Pennsylvania  State   Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
      3 
                            34
  Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State  Lunatic  Asylum, Trenton, New
Jersey.
  Dr. J.  H.  Worthington, Friends'  Asylum, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the  Insane, Brattleboro',
Vermont.
  Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane,  Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. T, R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Mis-
souri.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. C. H. Stedman, Boston, Massachusetts.
  Dr. H. M. Harlow, Insane Hospital, Augusta, Maine.
  Dr. E. S. Blanchard, Kings County  Lunatic Asylum,  Flat-
bush, New York.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum  for the Insane, Concord, Xew
Hampshire.
  Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. Edward C. Fisher,  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  Raleigh,
North Carolina.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston  Lunatic  Hospital, South  Boston,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Canada  West.
  Dr. George  Chandler, State  Lunatic Hospital,  Worcester,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City  Lunatic Asylum, Black-
well's Island.
  Dr. Joshua  Clements,  Southern  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,
Dayton.
  Also,  Dr. George Dock, one of the Trustees  of the Pennsyl-
vania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, who remained in
attendance till the final adjournment.
  Dr. Bell  resigned the office of President, and Dr. Ray was 
35
 elected President, and Dr. Kirkbride Vice President.  Dr. But-
 ler was elected Treasurer in place of Dr. Kirkbride.

 Resolution on Dr. L.  V. Bell's  resignation, offered by Dr. T. S.
                   Kirkbride, May 22,1855.
   Resolved, That the Association has accepted with regret the resigna-
 tion of Dr. Bell, and that the thanks of the Association be tendered to
 him for the able manner  in which he has performed the  duties of his
 station.

   Dr. Ray read his paper on the Insanity of George the Third.
   During this session  an invitation was presented by the Mayor
 of the city, to the Association, to occupy  the room of the Com-
 mon Council, in the City Hall, for the sessions of the Associa-
 tion, which was accepted, and the subsequent meetings were held
 in that room.
   More than the usual number of papers  on interesting subjects
 were read and discussed, and the Association was the recipient
 of unusual  attention from the city  authorities  of  Boston, to
 whom they were indebted for a steamboat excursion down the
 bay, and to the various public buildings and objects of interest;
 and also from the officers of the different  public  institutions in
 Boston and its vicinity.
   Dr.  Jarvis presented to the Association, in a condensed form,
 the results of the  investigation of a commission to ascertain the
 number of the insane in Massachusetts.
   The Association adjourned on  May 25th, to  meet in Cincin-
 nati, Ohio, on the third Tuesday of  May,  1856.
   Dr.  Blanchard remained in connection with the Kings County
 Lunatic  Asylum  about one year, then engaged  in practice in
 Xew York, and subsequently moved to Vermont.
   Dr.  George Chandler resigned his  office in the fall of 1855,
 and has since been living in Worcester, Massachusetts.
   Dr.  C. H. Stedman after leaving the Boston Lunatic Hospital,
 settled in  Boston, and engaged in general practice, filling various
 public positions with credit and honor, and died  on  June 8th,
 1866.
   Dr.  Luther V. Bell  was  born in  Chester, New Hampshire,
December 30, 1806.   Son  of Hon.  Samuel Bell, successively 
                            36
Chief Justice, Governor, and United States Senator from New
Hampshire.
   He entered  Bowdoin  College  at  twelve  years of age,  and
graduated  in  1823.  He  received  his  medical degree from
Dartmouth College in 1826, and subsequently pursued his med-
ical studies in Europe.  He commenced and pursued the prac-
tice of medicine and surgery  in  the towns of Brunswick  and
Derry, New Hampshire, with success in both departments,  and
interested himself largely in  sanitary and philanthropic meas-
ures, tending to the elevation of his profession and the  general
welfare of the people.  In  1834 he was awarded  the  Boylston
Prize Medal for a dissertation on the dietetic regimen best fitted
for the  inhabitants of New England.  In  1835 he presented
an essay on the External Exploration of Diseases, which forms
the first third of the ninth  volume of the Library of Practical
Medicine.  He subsequently put forth a small volume, entitled)
An attempt to investigate some obscure and undecided doctrines
in relation to small pox and varioliform diseases.  He labored
earnestly in the establishment of the Xew Hampshire Asylum
for the Insane,  was elected  to the General Court with the special
object of urging  forward  this  measure, and made a very able
report on the number and condition of the insane of thai State,
and the means of providing  for them.   While attending a
second session  of the Legislature and pressing  this object, he
received very unexpectedly the intelligence of his having  been
appointed Physician and Superintendent of the McLean Asylum
for the  Insane.  He  was appointed during the  latter  part of
1836, and entered upon his official duties at the beginning of
the next year.
   He was  an early and earnest advocate  for  the introduction
of steam and hot water, and  mechanical power, as the  proper
and only suitable  mode of warming and ventilating hospitals,
and the McLean Asylum over which he presided, was the first
institution  in which a circulation of hot water was successfully
employed for warming a large  inflowing current of air.
   In  1845, on the solicitation of the Trustees of the  Butler
Hospital for the Insane, at Providence, Rhode Island, then in
contemplation,  the Trustees of the Massachusetts General Hos-
pital, of  which  the McLean Asylum ig a branch, gave Dr. Bell 
3Y
leave of absence to visit  Europe, that  he might, after a com-
parison  of the institutions  of the old  world,  be enabled to
devise a plan of hospital  embodying all that was excellent  and
desirable, then known to the profession.  After his return he
presented the plan of that establishment which has so fully met
the highest hopes of its friends.
   He was for two years, President of the Massachusetts  Medi-
cal Society, and his inaugural address was on Ventilation.
   He  subsequently  published  a small volume,  entitled  The
practical  method  of  ventilating  buildings, with  an appendix
on heating by steam  and hot water.
   He was one of the original members of this Association, and
its President from 1850 to  1855.
   He held the post of Executive Councillor in the administra-
tion of Governor  Briggs, in  1850, and was  a member of the
 Committee of Pardons,  to which was referred  two cases famous
 in the  annals of crime  in  Massachusetts.   That  of  Daniel
 Pearson, convicted of the murder of his wife and infant  twin
 children, and  that of Prof. J. W. Webster, for the  murder of
 Dr. Gsorge Parkman.  He was the candidate of the Whig party
 in the Seventh Congressional  District of Massachusetts, in 1853,
 but though receiving a plurality of votes in  the first trial, wa9
 beaten on the second by the union of the  two opposing parties
 on the same candidate.
    He was  also a  delegate in the Convention  for revising the
 State Constitution.
    He  resigned his  position  as  Superintendent of the McLean
 Asylum in the fall of 1856, the state of his  health  urging this
 step.   In addition to impaired health from  pulmonary disease,
 he had  lost  children one after another, at the  most touching
 epochs  of  parental  attachment,  and  under the  highest hopes.
 The death of his  estimable wife filled the measure of  his
 domestic sorrow.  From  the McLean  Asylum he removed  to
 his private residence, in Monument Square, Charlestown.
    Here his life was not a retirement, as he  was constantly con-
  sulted in cases of insanity and other cerebral  and nervous affec-
  tions,  and on questions of a medico-legal character.
    At  the breaking  out of the rebellion, he  was among the first
  to offer  his services to  the Government.  He went as  Surgeon 
38
of the 11th Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, but was soon
promoted to the position of Brigade Surgeon to Gen.  Hooker s
Division, on the Lower Potomac.
  He died in camp quite suddenly from endocarditis, on Febru-
ary 11th, 1862.
  He was known  to the older members of this  Association as
the able alienist  physician, his great skill in the detection of
disordered mental manisfestations, by his elaborate description of
that form of acute mania, so often described as Bell's disease, by
his genial qualities and his earnest persevering efforts to advance
the specialty to the highest rank.
  The eleventh annual meeting of the Association was held at
the Spencer House, in the city of Cincinnati, commencing at
10 o'clock A. M., of May 19th, 1856.   The following members
were present:
  Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
  Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Canada.
  Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
  Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. J.  J. Mcllhenney, Superintendent elect of the  Southern
Ohio Lunatic Asylum,  Dayton, Ohio.
  Dr. Joshua Clements, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day-
ton,  Ohio.
  Dr.  D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattan-
ville, New York.
  Dr. J.  J. Quinn, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cincin-
nati, Ohio.
  Dr.  O. M.  Langdon,  Superintendent  elect of  Hamilton
County Lunatic Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  Dr.  John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 
                             39

   Dr. John P. Gray, Xew York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica,
 Xew York.
  ^ Dr. William A. Cheatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane,
 Xashville, Tennessee.
   Dr. Edward Mead, Retreat for the Insane, Cincinnati, Ohio.
   Dr. T. R.  H. Smith,  State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton,  Mis-
 souri.
   Dr. C. H.  Nichols, Government  Hospital for the Insane,
 Washington, District of Columbia.
   Dr. E. II,  VanDeusen, Michigan  Asylum for the Insane,
 Kalamazoo.
   Dr. Isaac  Ray,  Butler Hospital for Insane, Providence,
 Rhode Island.
   Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. G.  E.  Ells,  late  of  Central  Ohio  Lunatic  Asylum,
 Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
 sylvania.
   Dr. R. C. Hopkins, Superintendent elect of Newburg (O.,)
 Lunatic  Asylum, Newburg, Ohio.
   Dr. Joseph  A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
 Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. M. H. Ranney, X^ew York  City Lunatic  Asylum, Xew
 York.
   Dr. W. S.  Chipley, Eastern Lunatic  Asylum, Lexington,
 Kentucky.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, Lunatic  Asylum, Concord, Xew Hamp-
 shire.
  Dr. R. B. Baisely, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
 Xew York.
  Dr. S. Hanbury  Smith, formerly of the  Columbus,  Ohio,
 Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
  Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
  In the absence of  the President, Dr. Fonerden  was appointed
President pro tern.

  The number of papers  read on various subjects connected
with the specialty was large,  and  the discussions earnest  and 
                            40
interesting.  The plans of the new Institution for the Insane of
Hamilton county, near Cincinnati, were laid before the Asso-
ciation for examination, and such suggestions as the members
might  think proper  to make.  The plans  were referred to a
special committee, who reported various alterations and improve-
ments in the plans, and also recommended that the Architect be
authorized by the Commissioners to visit the different institu-
tions in actual operation.
  The Association were  the recipients of numerous  courtesies
and attentions from the Trustees of  the different institutions in
and around Cincinnati, and also from several gentlemen having
large vineyards which they had full opportunities of examining.
  The Association adjourned on May 22nd, 1856, to meet in
New York.
  Dr. J. J. Quinn is  still living and practicing medicine in Cin-
cinnati.
  Dr.  George E. Ells died in the fall of 1867 of Bright's dis-
ease.
  Dr.  R. B. Baisely  was the first physician who had charge of
the present Asylum at Flatbush, into which  the patients were
moved in October, 1855, and remained about eighteen months,
and then went into practice, in  Rockaway, Long Island, where
he now lives.
  The twelfth annual  meeting was held at the Metropolitan
Hotel, in  the city of New York, commencing at 10 A. M., on
May 19, 1857.   The following members were present:
  Dr.  John E. Tyler, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New
Hampshire.
  Dr.  J.  P.  Bancroft,  Superintendent  elect Asylum for the
Insane, Concord, New Hampshire.
  Dr.  W.  H. Rockwell, Asylum  for Insane,  Brattleboro'  Ver-
mont.
  Dr. Chauncey  Booth, McLean  Asylum, Somerville, Massa-
chusetts. 
41
  Dr. Merrick Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mass-
achusetts.
  Dr. G. O, S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
  Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston  Lunatic  Hospital, South
Boston.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts.
  Dr. I. Ray,  Butler  Hospital  for the  Insane,  Providence,
Rhode Island.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. J. W.  Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island.
  Dr. Pliny Earle.
  Dr. H. W. Buell.
  Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New
York.
  Dr. John V. Lansing, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat-
bush, Long Island.
  Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall,  Flushing, Long Island.
  Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton,  New Jersey.
  Dr.  Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital  for  the
Insane, Philadelphia.
  Dr. Joshua H. Worthington,  Friends'  Asylum, Frankford,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr.  John  Curwen,  Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg.
  Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western  Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania.
  Dr. John  Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
   Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore,
Maryland.
  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr.  Edward C. Fisher, Asylum for the  Insane, Raleigh,
Xorth Carolina.
  Dr. R. C. Hopkins,  Xorthern  Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Xew-
burg, Ohio, 
42
   Dr. J. J.  Mellhenny,  Southern Ohio  Lunatic Asylum,
 Dayton,  Ohio.
   Dr. William Mount,  Hamilton  County  Lunatic Asylum,
 near Cincinnati, Ohio.
   Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
 Indiana.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for Insane, Jacksonville,
 Illinois.
   Dr. E. H, VanDeusen,  Asylum for  Insane, Kalamazoo,
 Michigan.
   Dr. James Douglas, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East.
   Dr. James A. DeWolf, Provincial Asylum for the Insane,
 Halifax, Nova Scotia.
   An interesting incident of the meeting was the presentation,
 for examination by the members, of the  photographs of four
 generations  of the Tuke family,  commencing with William
 Tuke, who took so prominent a part in  the amelioration of the
 insane in England, in 1788.
   The plan of the department  for  males of the Pennsylvania
 Hospital for the  Insane, then in course of erection; and also
 the plan of a new institution for the criminal  insane, at Auburn,
 New York, were laid before the Association for examination.
   After the  reading and discussion of many  interesting papers,
 and the visiting of the different institutions in  and  around the
 city of New York, and  also the reception of many courtesies
 from  various  gentlemen, the Association  adjourned on  May
 22d, 1857, to meet in  Quebec, in June, 1858.
   Dr. Chauncey  Booth died on January  12th, 1858, aged  41
 years.
   Dr. Booth had suffered under marked pulmonary disease ever
 since  the winter of 1850-51.  Cavities in  one lung were dis-
 tinctly diagnosed as far back as  that date,  and the  evidence of
 slow but continuous progress were manifest until the scene closed.
 If there  were ever an unequivocal example of will-power, in
suspending and retarding the certain march of phthisis, it was
in this case.   Looking his symptons  daily in the face, he seemed
to feel that he had an enemy to be met, and  that every foot of
ground was to be  contested with him.  As brave as any hero 
43
who ever faced the cannon's mouth, he never allowed his  stern
and unrelenting foe  to  gain upon him  by intimidation.  He
kept coolly at work, subverting the approach of the enemy bv
every stragetic means which science and experience furnished
to his aid, but no panic, no disheartening  yielding, ever lost him
an inch in the contest.  And as if to determine  the victory in
favor of the unintimidated contestant, phthisis did not win  its
usually easy and  certain triumph.   Two  months before Dr.
Booth's decease, when the consumptive symptoms had scarcelv
a more prominent  place than they had had for six or eight years,
Bright's disease set  in with its  distinct features.  The noble
victim recognized  the fatal weight of this unexpected ally, and
calmly yielded to  the  overwhelming  forces of the combined
enemy.
   The immediate approach of death was met in the same spirit
which had  marked  the  entire  onward  march of the enemy.
There was neither  bravado, nor boast, nor affected indifference.
He set his house in order as deliberately as one arranges for  a
distant journey, and when the last moments were approaching,
he  desired that his  only child, a boy of some seven or eight
summers, weeping at the scene,  should  be removed so as  to
escape the lasting impression  of the physical effects  of the
struggle, "in articulo mortis.,,
   He had been assistant physician at Brattleboro', Augusta, and
at Somerville.  He did not leave much for the literature of our
specialty.  Beginning our work   at twenty years  of age, he
labored without intermission with us to the close, and he never,
until the last two years, when  every moment was crowded with
duties, would have consented to put himself forward as an instruc-
tor of others. And this modesty was perfectly sincere. In 1847 he
drew up, and that only by request, an  account of an  epidemic
dysentery of some eighty cases, at the Asylum, which commanded
the highest ecomiums of the late  Dr. Fisher, the  best patholo-
gist of his time and  place.   Dr. Booth's only hospital  report
will stand as a bright memorial of what the man was, while, as
the trustees  in their report  indicate, his papers in their files
demonstrate what he would have  been as chief of a great  hos-
pital for the insane. 
44
  A striking feature of his personal character was, his eminent,
social, genial wit, an instinctive power of seizing and grouping
together the most unexpected and incongruous images, all most
telling and illustrative of the subject matter in point, yet unlike
the almost inseparable incident of the ordinary possession  of
this dangerous gift, never leaving behind cne sting, or a single
allusion which any party could repeat.
  He went on through life, not merely " without an enemy,"
giving the idea in its stale and well-worn phrase, but absolutely
without a suspicion of what an enemy might be.
  A remarkable feature of Dr. Booth's character was, that while
he had never been "in the world," he had as complete and saga-
cious an idea of its entire system, as  if he had plunged into the
perplexities of trade, the struggles of ambition, and the debase-
ment of the passions.   He  passed from  the pure circle of the
family of a Connecticut clergyman, the father as marked for a
holy simplicity, as the mother was for  the traits which character-
ized the son, into the wards of a  great lunatic hospital, thence
to another, thence to a third, and thence—to his reward.  No
man of the age of forty, in this community, can be found on
search, who ever passed so few days away from the immediate
fields of  his daily duty.
  Like all other men devoted to one  absorbing pursuit, he had
his own pet pleasures,  his peculiar side avocations, to which he
loved to steal after every call of duty was over, and in the still-
ness  of the household fireside.  Yet few men of  that great com-
pany of those who knew him in the same pursuits as themselves,
could probably ever  have conjectured wherein that specific taste
would have shown itself.  It was in  the study of the ecclesiasti-
cal history of New England.
  The strong point of Dr. Booth's professional character was an
absolute  identification with the insane.  1 f not born within hos-
pital walls, he had passed his whole actual life within them, and
never seemed to dream of being anywhere else.  No  man seemed
so perfectly to enter into the insane nature of those around him.
  Buried with  him in  the quiet shades of the  Cemetery  of
Mount Auburn was  no common measure of that mighty talent
of dealing with the insane mind, which; as was well  observed by 
45
one of the great masters of our art, "can be acquired, but never
can be communicated.   It must die with its possessor."

Resolution on  the  death  of Dr. Chauncey Booth,  offered by
               Dr. J.  E.  Tyler, June 8th, 1858:
  Resolved, That the death  of Dr.  Chauncey Booth is felt to be an
irreparable loss to this Association, and that we offer to his family our
sincere sympathy and condolence in this our mutual bereavement.

  Dr. Nehemiah Cutter  died  at Pepperell, Massachusetts, on
March  15th, 1859.  Dr.  Cutter was a native of Xew Hamp-
shire, and a graduate of Darmouth College.  His name had for
more than forty years  been known in connection with the  Pri-
vate Asylum for Nervous Invalids, established by him at Pep-
perell, and  he was also one of  the original  members of the As-
sociation.   An incident which  occurred near the close  of Dr.
Cutter's life, best illustrates the character and ability of the man.
In  a single hour the devouring element laid in ashes the accumu-
lation of a laborious life.    In every sense of the word his occu-
pation  seemed to  be gone.  To lebuild for the same  purpose
would have been out of the question.  Nothing daunted, how-
ever,  he assumed immediately  the  long   laid aside duties of
common  professional  life, and  won as a  practicing  physician,
when  close upon three score and ten, the fresh confidence of the
community in which he lived and died.
  The thirteenth meeting of the  Association was held at  Rus-
sell's hotel, in the city of Quebec, Canada East, commencing at
10 o'clock A. M., of June 8th, 1858.  The following members
were present:
  Dr.  Isaac Ray,  of  the Butler  Hospital for the Insane,
Providence, Rhode Island.
  Dr. Thomas  F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum,  Milledgeville,
Georgia.
  Dr. William  B. Williamson, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson,
Mississippi. 
                            46

   Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
 Indiana.
   Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
 Canada.
   Dr. W.  S.  Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington,
 Kentucky.
   Drs. James Douglas, Joseph Morrin and C. Fremont, of the
 Quebec  Lunatic Asylum.
   Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton,  Mis-
 souri.
   Dr. J. Y. Lansing, Kings county Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
 Long Island.
   Dr.  G.  C.  S.  Choate,  State  Lunatic  Hospital,  Taunton,
 Massachusetts.
   Dr. J. J. Mcllhennv, Southern Ohio  Lunatic Asylum, Dayton,
 Ohio.
   Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio  Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr.  J. H.  Worthington,   Friends'  Asylum,  Frankford,
 Pennsylvania.
   Dr. William Mount, Hamilton  county Lunatic Asylum, Cin-
 cinnati,  Ohio.
   Dr. E. H. Van Deusen,  Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo,
 Michigan.
   Dr. Edward A. Smith, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. John Curwen,  Pennsylvania State  Lunatic Hospital,
 Harrisburg,
   Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu-
 setts.
   Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Hospital  for  the Insane, Brattleboro',
 Vermont.
   Dr. M. Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu-
 setts.
   Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta,  Maine.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
   Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
   Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York  City Lunatic Asylum. 
47
  Dr. Samuel Grimes and Henry Brady, Esq., Commissioners
of the Indiana Hospital for the  Insane, and Governors W. F.
Pinckney and B. F. Pinckney, of the Xew York City  Lunatic
Asylum, were invited to attend the meeting of the Association.
   Dr.  Nichols resigned the Secretaryship of  the  Association,
and Dr. Cur wen was elected in his place.
  Many  papers of great interest  and value were  read and dis-
cussed; and  under the courteous guidance of Drs. Douglas,
Morrin and Fremont, the members had the opportunity of visit-
ing all the public institutions of the city of Quebec, and also
all objects of interest in the neighborhood.
  The Association adjourned on Thursday, June  10th, 1858, to
meet in Lexington, Kentucky.
  Dr.  William  B. Williamson was  removed, during the year
1858, from the Superintendency of the Mississippi Hosjiital for
the Insane.
  Dr. J. V. Lansing  resigned in 1858, and has since been in
practice in Albany, Xew York.
  1 >r R.  C.  Hopkins was elected Assistant Physician of the
Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum  in  the spring of  1844,  and
remained there four years.   From that time, till the spring of
1856, he was in private practice in Cleveland, Ohio.  In April,
1856, he  was chosen  Superintendent  of the  Northern  Ohio
Lunatic Asylum, at Xewburg, where he remained till December,
1858, when he again  engaged in general practice.   In 1862, he
entered the service of the United  States Sanitary Commission as
Medical  Inspector, and it  was in  the  labor of establishing a
hospital  for soldiers at Memphis, Tennessee, that he contracted
the disease—typhoid pneumonia—of  which he died.
  The fourteenth  annual meeting  was held at  the  Phoenix
Hotel, in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, commencing at 10
o'clock, A.  M.,  of  May 17th,  1859.  The following members
were present:
  Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana. 
                           .  48
   Dr. J. D. Barkdull, Insane  Asylum, Jackson, Louisiana.
   Dr. G. C. S  Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
   Dr. W.  S.  Chipley,  Eastern Lunatic Asylum,  Lexington,
Kentucky.
   Dr. W.  V.  Cheatham, State Lunatic Hospital, Nashville,
Tennessee.
   Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
   Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. O. C. Kendrick, Northern  Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New-
burg, Ohio.
   Dr. Robert Kells, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis-
sippi.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland,  Hospital for the Insane,  Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
   Dr. J. J. Mcllhenny, Southern Ohio  Lunatic Asylum, Day-  .
ton, Ohio.
   Dr. William Mount, Hamilton County  Lunatic  Asylum,
Cincinnati, Ohio.
   Dr. F. G. Montgomery, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkins-
ville, Kentucky.
   Dr. C.  H.  Nichols, Government  Hospital for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
   Dr. R. J. Patterson, formerly  of Hospital for the Insane,
Indianapolis, Indiana.
   Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane,  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. T. R.  H. Smith, State  Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Mis-
souri.
   Dr. Nichols acted as Secretary pro tern.
   Dr. A. McFarland was elected President, in  place of Dr.
Ray, who resigned.

Resolution on Dr. Ray's resignation, offered by Dr.C. H. Nichols,
                      May 19, 1859.
  Resolved,  That the  thanks of the Association be tendered to Dr. Ray,
the late President of the Association, for his able,  impartial and dignified
discharge of the duties of that office. 
49
  Letters of credit were directed to be given to the British and
other kindred  European  Associations, by the officers of the
Association, to  Drs. Chipley and  AVorkman, who  proposed
visiting Europe.

Resolutions on the death of Dr. N. Cutter, offered by Dr. G. C.
                   S. Choate, May 17, 1859.
  Inasmuch as Dr. Nehemiah Cutter, an old and honored member of
this Association, has deceased since our last meeting, after a long life of
usefulness, nearly forty years of which was devoted to the treatment of
the insane:  therefore,
  Resolved.  That in his death we have lost a valued associate and friend.
whose interest in our Association was untiring and worthy of imitation :
whose zeal in the advancement of our  profession continued unimpaired
in advanced  age, and whose genial  manners and benevolent  heart
endeared him to all.

   Several  interesting papers were  read;  and the members were
very courteously entertained by the  citizens of Lexington, and
after a very pleasant meeting,  the  Association adjourned on the
19th of June,  1859, to  meet in Philadelphia.
   Dr.  Mount,  after leaving  the  Hamilton County  Lunatic
Asylum, in 1860, resided and practiced in Cincinnati, and died
in Philadelphia, February 17th, 1866, from an  injury  received
by being run over  by a  carriage.
  The  fifteenth  annual meeting was held  at  the Continental
Hotel, in the  city of Philadelphia, commencing on May 2Sth,
1860,  at 10  o'clock,  A.  M.   The  following members  were
present:
  Dr. James S. Athon,  Hospital for the Insane,  Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr.  D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum,  Manhattan-
ville, X'ew York.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat  for  the Insane, Hartford, Con
necticut.
      4 
                           50
  Dr. S. W. Butler, Insane Department of the Philadelphia
Almshouse.                                           _
  Dr. H. A. Buttolph,  State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton,  Xew
Jersey.
  Dr. William A. Cheatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane,
Nashville, Tennessee.
  Dr. W. S. Chipley,  Eastern  Lunatic Asylum, Lexington,
Kentucky.
  Dr. George  Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York.
  Dr. John Curwen,  Pennsylvania  State Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland  Hospital, Baltimore, Mary-
land.
  Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine.
  Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
  Dr. O. C. Kendrick, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Xew-
burg, Ohio.
  Dr.  Thomas S.  Kirkbride, Pennsylvania  Hospital for the
Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the  Insane, Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
  Dr.  J. J.  Mcllhenny,  Southern  Ohio  Lunatic Asylum,
Dayton, Ohio.
  Dr.  C. H.  Nichols,  Government  Hospital for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. William H. Prince, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital,  Providence, Rhode Island.
  Dr. Joseph  A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. William H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattle-
boro', Vermont.
  Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr.  John E.  Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr.  John Waddell,  Provincial  Lunatic Asylum, St. John,
New Brunswick.
  Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
sylvania. 
51
  Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island.
  Dr. Edward Hall, Asylum for Criminal Insane, Auburn, Xew
York.
  Dr.  J.  M. Cleveland,  Assistant Physician of State Lunatic
Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore,
Maryland.
  Dr. E.  H, VanDeusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo,*
Michigan.
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Lunatic  Asylum, Concord, New Hamp-
shire.
  Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat-
bush, Long Island, New  York.
  Dr. L. A. Tourtellot, Assistant Physician State Lunatic Asylum,
Utica,  Xew York.
  Dr. Joseph Workman,  Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Canada West.
  General Allan Macdonald, of Sanford Hall.
  Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble
Minded Children,  Media, Pennsylvania.
  Mordecai L. Dawson  and William Biddle, of the  Pennsyl-
vania Hospital for the Insane.
  Dr. H.  B. Wilbur, of the Asylum for  Idiots, Syracuse, Xew
York.
  Dr. James Rodman, of Kentucky School for Imbecile and
Idiotic children.
  Rev. Dr. Samuel Adams, Chaplain of the Eastern Kentucky
Lunatic Asylum, was invited to attend the sessions of the Asso-
ciation.
  Many interesting and valuable papers were read and  discussed
during ti:is meeting, and  the Association visited the Hospitals
for the Insane, and a large number of public buildings in Phil-
adelphia, and adjourned on Thursday evening, May 21st, 1860,
to meet in Providence,  Rhode Island.
  In consequence of the  distuibed state of the country,  caused
by the breaking out of the war  in  April, 1861, the President
sent  circulars to  the different members,  requesting  them  to
express  to the Secretary "their  views of the expediency of post- 
52
poning for one year, in  consideration of the disturbed state of
affairs, the meeting appointed to be held  in  Providence, Rhode
Island, on June 11th, 1861."
  The answer to that circular showed that twenty-one of the
members favored postponement, and eight did not, so that the
meeting was postponed for one year.
   The sixteenth annual  meeting was  held at the City Hotel,
Providence, Rhode Island, commencing at 10 o'clock, A. M, of
June 10th, 1862.
   In the absence of  the President and Vice  President, Dr.
Rockwell was chosen  President pro tern.  The following mem-
bers were present:
   Dr.  M.  Bemis, State  Lunatic Hospital,  Worcester,  Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
   Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum,  Trenton, Xew
Jersey.
   Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
   Dr.  John  Curwen,  Pennsylvania   State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. Andrew Fisher, Maiden Lunatic Asylum, Amherstburg,
Canada West.
   Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, Xew York.
   Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the  Insane, Augusta, Maine.
   Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
   Dr. O. M. Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler  Hospital, Providence, Rhode  Island.
   Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Pittsburgh,
   Dr. W. H. Rockwell,  Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro',
Vermont. 
53
  Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean  Asylum, Somerville, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. E. H. YanDeusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo,
Michigan.
  Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Canada West.
  Dr. J.  P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.

  Dr. McFarland resigned the office of President, and the fol-
lowing officers were elected:
  Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, President.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Vice President.
  Dr. O. M. Langdon, Treasurer.
  The death of Dr. L. V. Bell was announced by Dr. Tyler, and
Dr. Ray read a verv admirable memoir of the life and services
of Dr. Bell.
  Dr. John M. Gait, for many years Superintendent of Eastern
Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,  Virginia, died on May 16th,
1862.

Resolution on the  Death of Dr. L.  V. Bell, offered by Dr. J. E.
                    Tyler, June 10th, 1862.
  Resolved,  That the members of this Association have received with
emotions of profound sorrow and regret, the announcement of the  death
of Dr. Luther Y. Bell, a  past President of this body, and  one of the
most eminent and distinguished of the many great men who have ever
adorned the  medical profession.  That we desire  to place upon record
our full and grateful appreciation of his able and unwearied efforts and
success in diffusing and establishing correct and enlightened views of the
nature and treatment of mental disease, that we  are deeply impressed
with the remembrance of the disinterestedness, kindness, dignity and
purity of his character, of his inflexible integrity, and singular moral
courage; of his  extraordinary attainments as a scholar, philosopher and
psychologist,  of the wonderful power of his personal influence, his rare 
54
and remarkable attractiveness in social life, and his inestimable worth as
a friend and associate.   That we recongize with unqualified  admiration
in all the acts of  his private,  professional  and public life, the same
unwavering consistency and faithfulness to his convictions of right in the
face of any personal task or sacrifice which led him in the exigencies of
the day, to give his life to his country, and made him, unconsciously to
himself, a striking example to us all of pure, ardent, Christian patriotism.

   Dr. John S. Butler presided at all the meetings subsequent to
the first.
   The Secretary was instructed to furnish Dr. D. T. Brown and
Dr. R. Hills with a letter of introduction to Superintendents of
British  Institutions.
   The Association were the recipients  of many courtesies from
the inhabitants of Providence, and were granted the opportunity
of visiting  nearly all the public buildings and  institutions of
different kinds in Providence, and were also, through the cour-
teous attention of the Trustees of the Butler Hospital, favored
with an excursion to Newport, and an opportunity of seeing  all
the objects of interest in  that city.
   The Association adjourned on June 10th, 1862, to meet in
 New York.
  The seventeenth annual meeting was held at the Metropolitan
Hotel, in  the city of New  York, commencing on  May 19th,
1863.  The following members were present:
  Dr. J. P.  Bancroft, Asylum  for the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
  Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall,  Flushing, New York.
  Dr.  D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford,  Con-
necticut.
  Dr.  H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey.
  Dr.  E. R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
Xew York.
  Dr. John B. Chapin, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

  Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic  Asylum, Lexington,
Kentucky.
  Dr. J. P.  Clement, Hospital for  the  Insane, Madison, Wis-
consin.
  Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. John  P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. Thomas  S.  Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane,  Philadelphia.
  Dr. Andrew  McFarland, Hospital  for the Insane, Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
  Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant,
Iowa.
  Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's
Island.
  Dr. Isaac  Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
  Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane,  Dixmont, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. John  E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu-
setts.
  Dr. Clement A. Walker,  Boston Lunatic  Hospital,  South
Boston.
  Dr. R. Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio.
  Dr. O. M. Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  Dr. J. Paregot, Yonkers, New York.
  Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Canada  West.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  David A.  Sayre,  Esq., and Dr. H. M. Stillman, Trustees of
the  Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky, were in-
vited to  attend the  meetings of the Association.
  Dr. H. B. Wilbur, of  the Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New
York, was also invited to attend the meetings. 
56
Resolution on the death of Dr. Hopkins, offered  by Dr. R. J.
                  Patterson, May 20, 1863.
  Resolved, That in the death of Dr. R. C. Hopkins, late Superintend-
ent  of the Northern  Ohio Lunatic Asylum, our specialty has lost a
diligent laborer and friend,  and  the community in which he lived a
gentleman who was true and  faithful in all the relations of life.

Resolution on the death of Drs. Morrin and Fremont, offered by
               Dr. J. E. Tyler, May 20,1863.
  Resolved, That we have  heard, with deep regret, of the  death of
Drs. Morrin and Fremont, of Quebec, members of this Association, and
are desirous to place upon  record our sense of their great personal and
professional worth, and of the great loss which we have sustained by
their removal from our counsels.

  The subject of a uniform law  on  the  subject  of the legal
relations of the  insane was  introduced at this  meeting by  Dr.
Walker, and referred to  a  committee, of  which  Dr. Ray  was
made  chairman.
  A large number of papers were read and discussed;  and the
Association visited  a number of institutions for the insane,  and
other  charitable objects in and around New York, and adjourned
on the 22d  of May, 1863, to  meet in Washington, District of
Columbia.
   The  eighteenth  annual meeting was  held in Washington,
District of Columbia, commencing at 10, A. M., May 10,1864.
The following members were present:
   Dr. J. P. Bancroft,  Asylum for the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
   Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, XTew Y^ork.
   Dr. H.  A. Buttolph, State  Lunatic Asylum, Trenton,  New
Jersey.
   Dr. E. R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
Xew York.
   Dr.  John  Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital,
Harrisburg. 
57
  Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, Xew York.
  Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day-
ton, Ohio.
  Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio.
  Dr. XV. P. Jones, Hospital for  the  Insane, Nashville, Ten-
nessee.
  Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for  the Insane,
Philadelphia.
  Dr. J. E. J. Landry, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East.
  Dr. O. M. Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  Dr. C.  H. Nichols, Government  Hospital for  the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu-
setts.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
  Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. Joshua H. Worthington,  Friends' Asylum, Frankford,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo,
Michigan.
  Dr. John Fonerden,  Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
  Dr. J. D. Elbert, Trustee of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane,
was invited to attend the meeting.
  The Association tendered  the services of the members to the
Surgeon General of the United States, in  view of the recent
battles south of  the Rappahannock river, to which the Surgeon
General replied, in a very courteous note,  "that should a more
urgent necessity than now exists render it advisable, the offer
would be gladly accepted."
  The report of the chairman of the Committee on the Project
of a Law determining the  legal relations  of the insane,  was
read, and the project of a law much discussed, and then post-
poned to a subsequent  meeting.
  The Association called on the President  of the United States, 
58
and visited the principal buildings in and around Washington,
including the Government Hospital for the Insane, and adjourned
on May 13th, 1864, to meet in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  The nineteenth annual meeting of the  Association was held
in the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, commencing on June
13  1865.  The following members were present :
  Dr. William S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic  Asylum, Lexing-
ton, Kentucky.
  Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass-
achusetts.
  Dr. John Curwen, State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr. John Fonerden,  Maryland  Hospital, Baltimore,  Mary-
land.
  Dr. James R.  De Wolf, Provincial  Hospital for the Insane,
Halifax, Nova Scotia.
  Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic  Asylum. Day-
ton, Ohio.
  Dr. R.  Hills, West ATirginia Hospital  for Insane, Weston,
West Virginia.
  Dr. W.  P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane,  Nashville, Ten-
nessee.
  Dr. Thomas  S.  Kirkbride, Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the
Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum-
bus, Ohio.
  Dr. John A.  Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville,
Kentucky.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu-
setts.
  Dr. William  H. Stokes, Mt. Hope Institution,  Baltimore,
Maryland.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston,  Massachusetts. 
59
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. James Douglas, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East.
  Dr.  A. McFarland, Hospital  for the  Insane,  Jacksonville,
Illinois.
  Dr. A. E. Kellogg, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. H. M. Stillman, Trustee of the  Eastern Lunatic Asylum
of Kentucky, and Dr. R. H. Storer, were invited to attend the
meetings.

Resolution  on  the death of  Dr.  M.  H.  Ranney,  offered by
             Dr. G.  C. S.  Choate, June 15, 1865.
  Whereas, It has pleased  an All-Wise  Providence to  remove from
us Dr. M. H. Ranney, late  Physician and  Superintendent of the New
York City Lunatic Asylum, and for many years a member of this Asso-
ciation:  therefore,
  Resolved,  That  the intelligence of his death, in the prime  of  life,
and at the heighth of his usefulness,  has filled our hearts with  sorrow;
that in his devotion to his professional duties, to  which  he finally sacri-
ficed his life, and in his unwavering  attention to the unfortunate class
under his care, we recognize a character worthy of our universal emula-
tion ; that we lament his too  early decease as a loss to each of  us  of a
warm-hearted friend and brother, to our  Association  of an able and
valued member, and  to the institution which  he so long and faithfully
served, of a wise and benignant head.

  A number of interesting and valuable papers were read,  and
very interesting discussions took  place on them.
  Special notice was taken of a very unjust  attack on Dr. L. Y.
Bell, in the Journal of Mental Science, and resolutions expres-
sive of the sense of the Association were directed to be forwarded
to the British Association.
  The  Association was  enabled, through the attention  of the
Managers of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,
to examine  many of  the  different manufacturing establishments
of Pittsburgh, and other interesting objects, together with most
of the public institutions of the  city,  and the  arrangements of
the Western Pennsylvania Hospital  for the  Insane, at Dix-
mont, near  the city. 
                           60


  The  Association  adjourned on June  15,  1865, to meet  in
Washington, District of Columbia.
  The twentieth annual meeting was held in the city of Wash-
ington, District of Columbia, commencing  at 10J A.  M., of
April 24th, 1866.  The following members were present:
  Dr. R. Abbot, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft,  Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New
Hampshire.
  Dr. J. W. Barstow,^Sanford Hall,  Flushing, Xew York.
  Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York.
  Dr.  S. W. Butler, Insane Department  of the Philadelphia
Almshouse.
  Dr. A. B. Cabaniss,  State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis-
sippi.
  Dr. W.  S. Chipley, Eastern  Lunatic Asylum,  Lexington,
Kentucky.
  Dr. George Cook, Brigham'Hall, Canandaigua, New York.
  Dr. John Curwen, ^Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  Drs. James Douglas, Jr., Quebec,  Canada East
  Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Mas-
sachusetts.
  Dr. John Fonerden, MarylandTIospital, Baltimore, Maryland.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. W.P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee.
  Dr. Thomas  S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for  the
Insane, Philadelphia.
  Dr. Wilson Lockhart, Hospital for the Insane,  Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. J. D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, Xew York.
  Dr. C. H.  Nichols,  Government  Hospital for the  Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia. 
61
  Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum-
bus. Ohio.
  Dr. Mark Ranney,  Hospital for  Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.
  Dr. J. A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,
Dixmont,  Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Byron  Stanton, Northern Ohio  Lunatic Asylum, New-
burg, Ohio.
  Dr.  William H.  Stokes,  Mt,  Hope  Institution, Baltimore,
Maryland.
  iJr. John E.  Tyler, McLean Asylum,  Somerville,  Massa-
chussetts.
  Dr.  Charles E.  Van Anden,  Asylum for Insane  Convicts,
Auburn, Xew York.
  Dr.  A.  H. Van  Xostrand, Hospital for  Insane,  Madison,
Wisconsin.
   Dr. C. A. Walker,  Lunatic Hospital, Boston,  Massachusetts.
  Judge Edwards, Trustee of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane,
was invited to attend the meetings.
  The Secretary read  the correspondence between the  President
of the Medico-Psychological  Association of Great Britain and
himself, arising from the resolution relative to the attack on Dr.
L.  V. Bell, in the Journal of Mental Science.
  The discussion of  the Project of a Law was postponed on
account of the absence of  Dr. Ray.
  The discussion of the proper care of the  chronic  insane, was
continued  at some length, and  after the submission of several
series of propositions,  the following were finally agreed to:
  1. Every State should make ample and suitable provision for all its
insane.
  2. That insane persons considered curable, and those supposed incur-
able, should not be provided for in separate establishments.
  3. The large States should be divided into geographical  districts of
such size that a hospital  situated at, or  near, the centre of the district,
will be practically accessible to all the people  living within its  bounda-
ries, and available for their benefit in cases of mental disorder.
  4. All State, County, and City Hospitals for the Insane, should receive
all persons belonging  to the vicinage  designed to be accommodated by
such hospital, who are affected with insanity proper, whatever may be 
62
the form, or nature, of the bodily disease accompanying the mental dis-
order.
   5. All hospitals for the insane should be constructed, organized, and
managed, substantially in accordance with  the propositions  adopted by
the Association in  1851 and 1X52. and still in force.
   6. The facilities for classification, or ward separation, possessed by each
institution, should  equal the requirements  of the different conditions of
the several classes received by such institutions whether those different
conditions are mental or physical in their character.
   7.  The enlargement of a city, county or State institution for the insane
which, in the extent and character of the district in which it is situated,
is conveniently accessible to all the people of such district may be pro-
perly carried, as required, to the extent of  accommodating six hundred
patients, embracing the usual proportions of curable and incurable insane
in  a particular community.

   These propositions were unanimously adopted, except the last,
and on  that the vote stood eight in the affirmative and six in the
negative. Yeas—Abbot, Cabaniss, Chipley, Earle, Gray, Lomax,
Nichols  and Van  X strand.    Nays—Cook,  Curwen,  Jones,
Kirkbride, Lockhart and Walker, and on the final adoption of
the resolutions,  the affirmative  votes were  Abbot,  Cabaniss,
Chipley, Earle, Gray, Lockhart, Lomax, Nichols and Van Xos-
trand.
   The negative votes were Cook, Curwen, Jones, Kirkbride and
Walker.
   The Association visited the  President  of the United  States*
the Army Medical Museum, and the Government Hospital for
Insane, and also several other buildings in the city, and adjourned
on April 27th, 1866, to meet in Philadelphia.
  The twenty-first annual meeting was held in the city of Phil-
adelphia, commencing at 10 o'clock A. M., on May 21st, 1867.
The following members were present:
  Dr.  J. P. Bancroft,  Asylum for the  Insane,  Concord,  New
Hampshire.
  Dr.  William P. Beall, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. 
                             63

   Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Xew York.
   Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State  Lunatic Asylum, Trenton,  New
 Jersey.
   Dr. J. B. Chapin, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua,  Xew York.
   Dr. John Curwen, State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Penn-
 sylvania.
   Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Xorthampton, Mas-
 sachusetts.
   Dr. Edward  C.  Fisher, Asylum for the  Insane, Raleigh,
 Xorth Carolina.
   Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland  Hospital, Baltimore, Mary-
 land.
   Dr. Richard Gundrv, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asvlum, Dayton,
 Ohio.
   Dr. R. Hills, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia.
   Dr. Thomas  S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania  Hospital for the
 Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. J. E. J. Landry, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East.
   Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the  Insane,  Jackson-
 ville, Illinois.
   Dr. C.  H.  Xichols,  Government Hospital  for the Insane,
 Washington, District of Columbia.
   Dr. R. L. Parsons, New York Citv Lunatic  Asylum, Xew
 York.
   Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum-
 bus, Ohio.
   Dr. Isaac Ray, Providence, Rhode Island.
   Dr. D. D. Richardson, Insane Department of the Philadelphia
 Almshouse.
   Dr. James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville,
 Kentucky.
   Dr. Byron  Stanton, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New-
 burg, Ohio.
   Dr. L. A. Tourtellot, First Assistant Physician of State Lunatic
Asylum, Utica, New York.
   Dr. C A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
   Dr. Benjamin Workman, Assistant  Medical Superintendent
of Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada West. 
64
  Dr. J. H.  Worthington, Friends'  Asylum, Frankford, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr.  J.  A.  Reed,  Western Pennsylvania Hospital  for the
Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. E. R. Chapin, Kings  County  Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
Xew York.
  Dr. A.  B.  Cabaniss, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi.
  Dr. J. D.  Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York.
  Dr.  Charles E.  Van Anden, Asylum for Insane Convicts,
Auburn, New York.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. Charles H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Mis-
souri.
  Dr. George Brown, Asylum for Idiots, Barre, Massachusetts,
and Dr. H. B. Wilbor, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse,  Xew York,
were invited to attend the meetings.   Dr. William B. Atkinson,
Secretary  of  the  American  Medical Association, and Dr. John
Hart, of Xew Y^ork, were also invited to attend  the meetings,

  The following resolutions were  adopted  in  reference  to the
proceedings of the Association:
  1. Resolved,  That for the  present meeting and in  the future, it be
the duty of the Secretary to  procure a phonographic report of the pro-
ceedings of the Association
  2. That after each annual  meeting,  he shall forward a  copy of said
report for  insertion in the  Journal of  Insanity, provided that, before
forwarding it for publication, every member shall have the opportunity
to revise his reported remarks, and after its publication shall be supplied,
at his own  expense for paper and press work, with  such  number of
pamphlet copies of the whole report as he may order.
  3. That in the revision  of  remarks,  verbal alterations alone shall be
permitted.   No new matter further than this shall be introduced, but
all or any parts of the matter as  reported may be suppressed or condensed
at the discretion of the Secretary.
  4. The report shall be published, if published at all, as furnished by
the Secretary.
  5. That the  expense of reporting  the proceedings, and  preparing
them for publication, be  defrayed by an annual  assessment upon the
members sufficient for the purpose.

  The Association visited in particular, the  Pennsylvania Hos- 
65
pital for the Insane, the Friends' Asylum, and the Insane De-
partment of the Philadelphia Almshouse, and for want of time
were compelled to decline many invitations to visit various insti-  ■
tutions in the city.
  The Association adjourned on May 25th, 1867, to meet  in
Boston, Massachusetts.
   The twenty-sei/ond annual meeting was held at the American
House, in the city of Boston, commencing on  June 2nd, 1868.
The following members were present:
   Dr. J. P. Bancroft, New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane,
Concord, Xew Hampshire.
   Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall  Asylum, Flushing, New
York.
   Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for  the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
   Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State  Lunatic  Asylum, Trenton,  Xew
Jersey.
   Dr. Edward  K. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic  Asylum,
Flatbush, New York.
   Dr. W.  S. Chipley, Eastern  Lunatic  Asylum,  Lexington,
Kentucky.
   Dr. G.  C.  S. Choate, Taunton Lunatic Hospital, Taunton,
Massachusetts.
   Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har-
risburg, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. Pliny Earle, Northampton  Lunatic  Hospital, Northamp-
ton,  Massachusetts.
   Dr. H. M. Harlow, Maine Insane Hospital, Augusta, Maine.
   Dr. R. Hills, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston,
West Virginia.
   Dr. C.  H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
   Dr. W. P. Jones, Tennessee  Hospital for the Insane,  Nash-
ville, Tennessee.
   Dr. Thomas  S. Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania Hospital  for the
Insane, Philadelphia.
      5 
                            66
  Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. R. L. Parsons, City Lunatic Asylum, New Y'ork City.
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pa.
  Dr. Mark Ranney, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Plea-
sant, Iowa.
  Dr. D. D. Richardson, Insane Department of the Philadelphia
Hospital.
  Dr. John  W.Sawyer,  Butler  Hospital, Providence,  Rhode
Island.
  Dr. S. S. Schultz,  State Hospital for  the Insane, Danville,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Samuel E. Shantz, Minnesota Hospital for the insane, St.
Peter, Minnesota.
  Dr. A. Marvin Shew, General  Hospital for the Insane, Mid-
dletown, Connecticut.
  Dr. Byron Stanton, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg,
Ohio.
  Dr.  F. T. Stribling, Western Lunatic  Asylum, Staunton,
Virginia.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum  Somerville, Massachu-
setts.
  Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South  Boston,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Jos. Draper,  Worcester  Lunatic  Hospital, Worcester,
Massachusetts.
  Dr.R.Gundry,Southern Ohio Lunatic  Asylum, Dayton, Ohio.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. W. Lockhart,  Hospital for  the  Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York.
  Dr. Charles A. Lee, Delegate of the American Medical Asso-
ciation.
  Dr. A. W. McClure, Trustee of Iowa Hospital for the Insane.
  Samuel E. Sewall, Trustee of the Worcester Lunatic Hospital,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Henry L. Sabin, Trustee of the Lunatic Hospital, North-
ampton, Massachusetts. 
67
  Dr. George Brown, Asylum for Idiots, Barre,  Massachusetts,
  The principal business of the Association  was the discussion
and adoption of a Project of a Law for determining the legal
relations of the Insane.
  The Association also  adopted a memorial to the Congress of
the United States in favor of relieving from political disabilities
the Superintendents of the Hospitals for the Insane in the States
lately in rebellion.
  Dr. C. A. Walker read a memoir of the late Dr.  Charles H.
Stedman.
  The Association visited all the institutions  for the insane in
Boston, and also several  of the hospitals  for  general diseases,
and other institutions, and received many courtesies from the
officers and  trustees  of the principal institutions for the insane,
and also the officers of Harvard College.
  Samuel  E. Shantz, M. D., died at St.  Peter, Minnesota, on
August 22nd, 1868.
   He was  born in  Waterloo  township,  Canada, received his
education at the University of Toronto, and at Harvard, where
he finished  his  medical course; was for several years a surgeon
in the army in Virginia  during the rebellion, and afterwards
Second Assistant Physician in the New York  State  Lunatic
Asylum, at Utica, whence he was called in  1866, to  become
Superintendent of the Minnesota  State Hospital for Insane, at
St. Peter.
   He was engaged in directing the erection of the  hospital at
St.  Peter, when he was attacked  with  typhoid fever, and died
in the fourth week of his sickness.
   " He was a member of the  Episcopal Church.   He had mar-
ried an accomplished  and most  estimable lady of Utica, Xew
York, only about three months previous to his death:    His life
was gentle and pure, and his end was peace."

History  of  the Project  of the Law for  regulating the Legal
     Relations of the Insane, recommended by the Association
         of Medical Superintendents of American In-
                    stitutions for the Insane.
  The very serious deficiencies in the existing laws  respecting  insanity
and the insane, have frequently been the subject of discussion, in the 
68
meetings of the "Association of Medical Superintendents of American
Institutions for the Insane," and the necessity acknowledged of some legis-
lation that should fully meet the requirements of the case.   It became
a prevalent sentiment that it was incumbent on the Association to publish
its views on this subject, for the reason that no other class of persons is
so well acquainted with the consequences of the present legislation, or,
rather, want of legislation, or so well  fitted, by its habitual pursuits, to
suggest the appropriate measures.   It must be regarded as a fundamental
principle, that the laws respecting insanity should be in accordance with
the present state of our knowledge concerning it, which is far more ample
and certain, than that which existed two hundred years ago and still con-
tinues to determine,  more or less, the opinions of legislators and Judges.
In respect to some of the relations of the insane, even that of their admis-
sion into and discharge from hospitals  and asylums, the  law in  some
States is entirely silent; and in respect to some others,  the law is not in
accordance with the  most enlightened views  of the disease,  or the best
welfare of the insane.  As might be supposed, this state of things has
occasioned, of late years, much public dissatisfaction, one of the worst
effects of which has  been to debar many from enjoying the  benefits  of
those institutions which have been  proved to  be the best adapted, of all
existing instrumentalities,  fcr the cure, or  custody, of the insane.

  At the meeting of the Association in Xew York, May, 1863,  a com-
mittee was appointed to examine the whole subject  and  make  special
inquiry as to the legislation  which the case requires.   The committee
consisted of one from each State, viz: Drs.  Harlow, of Maine;  Bancroft.
of New Hampshire;  Rockwell, of  Vermont;  Jarvis, of Massachusetts;
Ray, of Rhode Island; Butler, of Connecticut;  Gray, of Xew  York;
Buttolph, of New Jersey; Curwen, of Pennsylvania: Fonerden, of Mary-
land ; Nichols, of the  District of Columbia ; Gundry, of Ohio: Woodburn,
of Indiana; McFarland, of Illinois ; A"an Deusen, of Michigan ;  Clement,
of Wisconsin; Patterson,  of  Iowa; Smith,  of  Missouri; Chipley, of
Kentucky; Jones,  of Tennessee;  and  Workman, of  Canada  and the
British Provinces.    At  the next meeting of  the  Association, in  Wash-
ington, in May, 1861, the  Committee  reported, through its chairman,
Dr. Ray,  which report  was accompanied by the Project of a General
Law for regulating the most important relations  of the insane.   After
considerable discussion, the further  consideration of the subject was
postponed to the next meeting, but owing to the absence of the chair-
man, it was not resumed until  the last meeting of the  Association,  in
Boston, June,  1868.   Then it was again most thoroughly discussed; the
various sections—most of them  more  or  less modified—adopted  with 
60
little dissent, one after another, and finally adopted as a whole, with the
accompanying preamble, unanimously.
   It may be well  to anticipate an  objection that may be made to one
feature of this project, viz: that the Associtaion has  gone beyond  its
proper province in prescribing the rule of law applicable to certain cases,
and thereby usurping  the functions  of the lawyer.   The  objection
assumes—what we are not willing to grant—that these cases  are  exclu-
sively  questions of law, to be  determined without any reference to their
medical aspects.   If insanity  is a disease, the laws respecting it must be
framed in due accordance with its influence on the mental condition, as
observed by medical men.  Framed upon any other  principle, they can
only be arbitrary and capricious, reflecting the learning of the  past, or
the current notions of the present, and consequently subject  to  change
and uncertainty.  If the opinions of medical men, on questions of insan-
ity, are entitled to any weight whatever,  they cannot  be restricted to
this or that particular point,  but must be received  for what they are
worth, wherever they can be supposed to throw any light on the mental
condition   Therefore, the law respecting the effect of  insanity on wills,
and contracts, should reflect our actual knowledge of the disease no less
than that respecting its effect on criminal acts.   It cannot be denied that
under the rules of law accepted in our courts, decisions on these subjects
have  been  rendered greatly  at  variance  with those views  of mental
disease which have resulted from the larger observation, and more exact
inquiry, of  our own time.   The Association  has only acted upon the
self-evident principle that the  effect of insanity on the mental operations.
is a professional question, whether it has reference to criminal, or civil acts.
   The Project of  a  General  L;iw, as finally adopted, was  endorsed  by
every member  of the  Association  then  present, and therefore  is free
from any distrust that might have attached to it, had it been adopted by
a bare majority of votes.   Embodying, as it does, only those conclusions
in regard to which there  could be no diversity of opinion, there is  no
presumption in claiming for it an authority that ought  to be felt in  all
future legislation on the  subject.  If it  be objected that  the  peculiar
vocation  of the members gave them a bias  against  the  conclusions of
those who regard the subject from other and very different points of view
the Association is ready, no doubt, to acknowledge the correctness of the
objection, if it means that bias which springs from extraordinary oppor-
tunities for observing the consequences of the present legal deficiencies,
and from that habit of mind and pursuit, which best enables one to devise
the appropriate remedy for a practical evil.   For it must be  considered
that the professional experience of most of these men extends  over a 
70
period of many years—of a quarter of a century, or more, perhaps—and
that the circumstances of their calling have made them well acquainted
with the opinions and feelings of the sane, as well  as  the  insane, with
the grievances suffered by both, and the requirements that both demand.
Any bias, therefore, which results from superior  knowledge, should be
welcomed, rather than made a matter of  reproach, unless we adopt the
principle that in all inquiries after the truth, the knowledge of one man
may be fairly offset by the ignorance of another.
  In preparing the following legal provisions, the Association has aimed
at such an adjustment of the rights, and duties, the abilities and disabil
ities, both of the insane and of all others, directly,  or indirectly connec-
ted with them, as is consistent with  exact justice to all, and the highest
welfare of the insane, avoiding, if possible,  on  the one hand, the charge
of excessive indulgence towards the  insane,  and on  the  other, of unduly
strengthening and extending the control of the  family, or the public,
There is a small class of persons in the community to whom the conclu-
sions of the  Association  will be highly unsatisfactory—to whom the
alledged grievances seem to require extreme remedies, meaning, thereby,
measures that,  while they prevent a contingent and very  limited  evil,
inflict a positive  harm, and one of indefinite extent.   It has seemed to
the Association, however, that all sound  legislation should be directed
towards the  common, not the  exceptional,  cases, and  affect  a greatly
preponderating balance of good.  Besides,  the trouble in  question can-
not be reached by statutes,  or legal  processes.  Positive wrongs may be
abated by legislation, but not so that popular sensitiveness which springs
from ignorance, prejudice, unreasonable  suspicion,  or constitutional dis-
trust.   It can be removed only by a removal  of the  cause in  which  it
originates.
   With these introductory  remarks, the  Association submits the accom-
panying Project of a Law, in the hope that to every intelligent and unpre-
judiced mind, it will appear well calculated to accomplish the proposed
object in  the manner most consistent with the teachings of science, the
demands of justice, and the claims of humanity.

                         Project of the Lair.

   The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions
for the Insane, believing that certain relations  of the insane should be
regulated by statutory enactments calculated to secure their rights and
also the rights  of those entrusted with their care, or connected with them
by ties of relation, or friendship, as well as to promote the ends of justice,
and enforce  the  claims of an enlightened humanity, for this purpose 
71
recommend that the following legal provisions be adopted by every State
whose existing laws do not, already, satisfactorily provide for these great
ends.
   1.  Insane  persons may be placed in a hospital for the insane by their
legal guardians, or by their  relatives, or  friends, in case they have no
guardians; but never without the  certificate of one or more  reputable
physicians, after a personal  examination, made within one week of the
date thereof;  and this  certificate to be duly acknowlcged  before some
magistrate, or judicial officer, who shall certify to the genuineness of the
signature, and to the respectability of the signer.
   2.  Insane persons may be placed in a hospital, or other suitable place
of detention, by order of a magistrate, who, after proper inquisition, shall
find that such persons are at large, and dangerous to themselves, or others,
or require hospital care and  treatment,  while the fact  of their insanity
shall be certified  by one, or more, reputable  physicians, as  specified  in
the preceding  section.
   3. Insane persons may be placed in a  hospital, by order of any high
judicial officer, after the following course  of proceedings, viz: on  state-
ment in writing, of any respectable person, that a certain person is insane,
and that the  welfare of himself, or of others,  requires his  restraint, it
shall be the duty of the judge  to appoint, immediately, a commission,
who shall inquire into and  report upon, the facts  of  the case.  If,  in
their opinion, it is a suitable case for confinement,  the judge shall issue
his warrant for such disposition of the insane  person as will secure the
objects of the measure.
   4. The commission provided for in the last section, shall be composed
of not less than three nor more  than four persons, one of whom, at least,
shall be a physician, and another a  lawyer.   In their inquisition  they
shall hear such evidence as  may be offered touching  the merits of the
case, as well as the statements of the party complained of, or of his
counsel.  The party shall have  seasonable notice of the proceedings, and
the judge is authorized to have him placed in  suitable  custody while the
inquisition is pending.
   ">. On a written statement being addressed, by some respectable person,
to any  high judicial officer, that a certain person, then  confined in a hos-
pital for the insane, is  not  insane, and is thus unjustly deprived of his
liberty, the judge, at his  discretion, shall appoint  a commission of not
less than  three, nor more than four, persons, one of whom, at least, shall
be a  physician, and another a lawyer, who shall hear  such  evidence as
may be offered touching the merits of the case, and, without summoning
the party to meet them, shall  have a personal interview with him, so 
12
 managed  as  to  prevent him, if possible, from suspecting its  objects.
 They shall report their proceedings to the judge, and if, in their opinion.
 the party is not insane, the judge shall issue an order for his  discharge.
    6.  If the officers of any hospital shall wish for a judicial examination
 of a person in their charge, such examination shall be had in the man-
 ner provided  in the fifth section.
    7.  The  commission  provided for  in the fifth  section shall not be
 repeated, in regard to the same party, oftener than  once in six  months;
 and in regard to those placed in a hospital under the third section, such
 commission shall not be  appointed within the  first six  months of their
 residence therein.
    8.  Persons placed in a hospital under the first section of this  act, may
 be removed therefrom by the party who placed them  in it.
   9.  Persons placed in a hospital under the  second section of this  act*
 may be discharged by the  authorities in whom the  government of  the
 hospital is vested.
   10.  All persons, whose legal  status is that of paupers, may be placed
 in a hospital for the insane, by the municipal authorities who have charge
 of  them, and  may be removed by the same authority, the fact of insan-
 ity being established as in the first section.
   11. On statement,  in writing, to any high judicial  officer, by some
 friend of the party,  that a certain party, placed in a hospital under  the
 third section,  is losing his bodily health, and that consequently  his wel-
 fare would be promoted by his discharge; or that his  mental disease  has
 so far  changed its character as to render his further confinement unneces-
 sary, the judge  shall make suitable inquisition into  the merits of  the
 case, and according to its result, may or may  not, order the discharge of
 the party.
  12.  Persons placed in any hospital for  the insane, may be removed
 therefrom, by  parties, who have become responsible for the payment of
 their expenses;  provided that such obligation was the  result of their
 own free act and accord,  and  not of the operation of law, and that  its
terms require the removal of the patient in order to avoid further  respon-
 sibility.
  13.  Insane persons shall not be made responsible for criminal acts in
a criminal suit, unless such acts  shall be proved not to  have  been the
 result, directly, or indirectly, of insanity.
  14.  Insane  persons  shall not  be tried for any criminal  act durin<>- the
existence of their insanity ;  and  for settling this issue,  one of the judges
of the court by which the party is to be tried, shall appoint a commission,
consisting of not less  than three, nor  more than five, persons, all of whom 
73
shall be physicians, and one, at least, if possible, an  expert  in  insanity,
who shall examine the accused, hear the evidence  that  may be offered
touching the case, and report their proceedings to the judge, with their
opinions respecting his mental condition.   If it be their  opinion that he
is not insane, he shall be brought to trial;  but  if they consider him in-
sane, or  are  in doubt  respecting his mental condition, the judge shall
order him to be placed  in  some hospital for the insane, or some  other
place favorable for a scientific observation of his mental condition.   The
person to whose custody he may be committed, shall report  to the judge
respecting his mental condition, previous to the next term of court; and
if such report is not satisfactory, the judge shall appoint a commission
of inquiry, in the manner just mentioned, whose  opinion  shall be fol-
lowed by the same  proceedings as  in the first instance.
   15.  Whenever any person is acquitted, in a criminal suit, on the ground
of insanity, the jury shall declare this fact in their verdict; and  the
court shall order the prisoner to be committed to  some place of confine-
ment, for safe keeping, or treatment, there to be retained until he may
be discharged in the manner provided  in the next section.
   16.  If any judge of the highest court having original jurisdiction, shall
be  satisfied, by the evidence presented to him, that the prisoner  has
recovered, and that the paroxysm  of insanity in which the criminal act
was committed, was the first and only one  he had ever  experienced, he
may order his unconditional discharge; if, however, it shall appear that
such paroxysm of insanity was preceded by at  least  on eoth ir, then  the
court may, in its  discretion, appoint a  guardian of his  person, and  to
him commit the care of the prisoner, said guardian giving bonds for any
damage his ward may commit: Provided, always, That,  in case of homi-
cide, or attempted homicide, the prisoner shall  not be discharged, unless
by the unanimous consent of the  Superintendent  and the  managers of
the hospital, and  the court before which he was tried,
   17.  If it shall ba made to appear to any judge of the supreme judicial
court, or other high judicial officer, that a certain insane  person is mani-
festly suffering from the want of proper care, or treatment, he shall order
such person to be placed in some hospital for the insane, at  the expense
of those who are legally bound to  maintain them.
   18.  Application  for the guardianship of an insane  person shall be
made to the judge  of probate, or judge having  similar jurisdiction, who,"
after a hearing of the parties, shall grant the  measure, if satisfied that
the person is insane, and  incapable of managing  his  affair* discreetly.
Seasonable notice shall be  given to the person  who is  the  object of the
measure, if  at  large, and if under restraint, to those  having charge of 
74
him; but his presence in court, as well as the reading of the notice to
him, may be dispensed with, if the court  is satisfied  that such  reading,
or personal attendance, would probably be detrimental to  his  mental, or
bodily health.   The removal of the  guardianship shall be subjected to
the same mode of procedure as its appointment.
   19. Insane persons shall be made responsible, in a civil  suit, for any
injury they may commit upon the  person, or property of othe's ;  refer-
ence being had  in regard to  the  amount of damages,  to the pecuniary
means of both  parties, to the provocation sustained by the  defendant,
and any  other circumstance  which,  in a criminal suit,  would furnish
ground for mitigation of punishment.
   20. The contracts of the insane shall  not be valid, unless it can be
shown, either that such acts were for articles of  necessity, or  comfort,
suitable to the means and condition of the party, or that the other  party,
had  no reason to suspect the existence of any mental impairment and
that the transaction exhibited no marks of unfair advantage.
   21. A  will may be invalidated on the ground of the testator's insanity,
provided  it be proved that he was incapable of understanding  the nature
and consequences of the transaction, or of appreciating the relative  values
of property, or of remembering and calling to mind all the heirs-at-law,
or of resisting all attempts to substitute the will of others for his  own.
A will may also be invalidated on  the ground of the  testator's insanity.
provided  it be proved that he entertained  delusions respecting any  heirs-
at-law, calculated to  produce unfriendly feeling towards them
  The twenty-third annual meeting was held at Staunton, Vir-
ginia, commencing on June 15,  1869.
  The following members were  present:
  Dr.  D. R, Brower, Eastern  Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
  Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Xew York City.
  Dr.  John S. Butler,  Retreat for  the Insane,  Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr.  A. B. Cabaniss, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis-
sippi .
  Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat-
bush, New York. 
75
  Dr. John  Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic  Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician Insane Asylum, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
  Dr. B0 Graham, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum,  Utica, New York.
  Dr. Edward Jar vis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. Henry Landor, Maiden Asylum, Amherstburg, Ontario.
  Dr.  Alexander  S.  McDill, State Hospital for the Insane,
Madison, "Wisconsin.
  Dr. Edward Mead, Cincinnati, Ohio.
  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital  for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
   Dr. R. Hills, Hospital for the Insane, Weston,  West Virginia.
   Dr.  C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr.  W. P. Jones,  Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten-
nessee.
   Dr.  Thomas S. Kirkbride,  Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr.  Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr.  James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville,
Kentucky.
   Dr. Francis T. Stribling, AVestern Lunatic Asylum, Staunton,
 Virginia.
   Dr. A. M. Shew, General  Hospital for the Insane, Middle-
town, Connecticut.
   Dr.  John E. Tyler,  McLean Asylum,  Somerville,  Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr.  C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
   Dr.  Joseph Workman,  Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto,
Ontario.
   Dr.  Walker after a few remarks  in reference  to the cause of
the death of Dr. Fonerden, offered the following resolutions,
which were unanimously  adopted.
  Resolved, That in the death of Dr. John  Fonerden, .Superintendent
of the Maryland Hospital,  Baltimore, this Association  has lost one of its
early and valued members, the  cause a tried and faithful supporter, the
community a Christian gentleman, and ourselves a genial and true-hearted
friend. 
76
   Resolved, That we sympathize with the managers of  the  Maryland
 Hospital for the  Insane, in  the loss of their devoted, long-serving and
 judicious superintendent.
   Resolved, That our hearts ache for his stricken family  in their sudden
 and great bereavement.
   Dr. Gray also offered  the following  resolution  in regard  to
 the death  of Dr, Shantz:
   Whereas since the  last  meeting of this  Association  Dr. Samuel  E.
 Shantz, Superintendent  of the Minnesota  Hospital for the Insane, one of
 its members has been called away by death, therefore.
   Resolved, That, while lamenting his  early  death, and while recog-
 nizing in the sad event  the hand of God,  whose ways are not  as man's
 ways, and who alone doeth all things well, we desire to express and record
 our sense of the loss to the Medical Profession and to this Association of
 a  young man of promise at the  very outset of a career of honor and
 usefulness.
   Resolved, That we hereby tender  to his early bereaved wife and  to
 his family our profound sympathy in their deep affliction, and that the
 Secretary of the  Association be directed to transmit to Mrs. Shantz and
 to the family of our late associate, a copy  of these resolutions.

   These were unanimously adopted.
   Dr. Workman offered the following  resolution on the death
 of Dr. I. P. Litchfield, which was unanimously adopted:
   Resolved, That this Association having learned of the death of Dr.
 I. P. Litchfield, Superintendent  of  the Rockwood  Asylum, Canada
 West, desires to  record  its  appreciation of the valuable  administrative
 qualities evinced by him in  the discharge of his  official  duties, and to
 express to his widow, its sincere condolence in the bereavement to which
 she has been subjected by this dispensatian of Providence.

   Dr. Stribling was appointed to prepare  a  biographical sketch
 of Dr. Fonerden.
   Dr. Workman of Dr. Shantz, and  Dr. Landor of Dr. Litch-
 field.
   An invitation was  received for the Association to attend  the
laying of the corner stone of the State Hospital for the  Insane,
at Danville, Pennsylvania, on  August 26,  1869.
   Dr. Robert Reyburn, delegate of the American Medical Asso-
ciation, and Surgeon  John Moore,  United States Army, Presi- 
77
dent of the Board of Directors of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum,
Williamsburg, Virginia, were introduced by the President.
  The following resolution  in  regard to religious services  in
institutions for the insane was adopted :
  Resolved, That this Association hereby expresses its earnest convic-
tion that religious services of some kind in our institutions for the insane
are generally highly salutary to their inmates, and should be regularly
held, and that the Association hereby reaffirms the ninth proposition of
the series adopted in relation to  the organization and  management of
hospitals for the insane in 1856.
  The place of  next meeting  was selected at Hartford, Connec-
ticut, and the  time fixed for the third Wednesday of June, 1870.
   Dr.  Nichols  presented to  the Association  the  project of  a
system of statistics adopted at the  International Congress  of
Alienists, held in Paris in  1867, and  the papers were referred to
a committee consisting of Drs. Jarvis, Nichols and Stribling.
  The twenty-fourth  annual  meeting was  held at Hartford,
Connecticut, commencing on June 15, 1870.
  The following members were present:
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane,  Concord, New
I lampshire.
  Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall,  Flushing, New York.
  Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern  Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
Yirginia.
  Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Xew York.
  Dr.  Henry W.  Buel, Spring  Hill Institution,  Litchfield,
Connecticut.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for  the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. II. A. Buttolph,  State Lunatic  Asylum,  Trenton, New
Jersey.
  Dr. John II. Callcnder, Hospital for the Insane, Xashvillc,
Tennessee. 
  Dr. E. P. Chapin,_Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,
New York.
  Dr. George C. S. Choate, New York.
  Dr. John Curwen, State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Penn-
sylvania.
  Dr. James R. DeWolf, Hospital  for the Insane, Halifax,
Xova Scotia.
  Dr.  J.  P. Dudley,  Assistant  Physician  Eastern  Lunatic
Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky.
  Dr. Pliny Earle, Lunatic  Hospital,  Northampton, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. Orpheus  Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. W. W. Godding.  Lunatic Hosjiital, Taunton, Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asvlum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville,
Georgia.
  Dr. Eugene  Grissom, Insane  Asylum, Raleigh, North Car-
olina.
  Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day-
ton, Ohio.
  Dr. Henry M. Harlow,  Hospital for the Insane,  Augusta,
Maine.
  Dr. R. Hills, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the
Insane,  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asvlum, Newburgh,
Ohio.
  Dr. Alexander S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison,
Wisconsin.
  Dr. C. H. Nichols,  Government Hospital for the  Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia.
  Dr. Ralph L. Parsons,  New York  City Lunatic  Asylum.
  Dr. William Porter, Spring Hill Institution, Litchfield, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. Mark Ranney,  Hospital  for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant,
Iowa. 
79
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Joseph A. Peed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Philadelphia
Hospital.
  Dr. William  H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattle-
boro', Yermont.
  Dr. John  W. Sawyer,  Butler Hosjiital, Providence, Rhode
Island.
  Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle-
town, Connecticut.
  Dr. William F. Stcuart, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
  Dr, C. A. Walker,  Lunatic Hospital, Boston,  Massachusetts,
  Dr. J. H.  Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the  Insane,
Frankford, Pennsylvania.
  Also the following gentlemen by invitation:
  Dr. John L. Atlee,  Delegate of  the American Medical Asso-
ciation.
  Dr, Wilmer  Worthington, General Agent and Secretary of
the  Board of Public Charities of Pennsylvania.
  Dr. James P. White, President of the Board of Managers of
the  Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane.
  Dr. H. B. Wilbur,  Asylum for  Idiots, Syracuse, New York.
  Dr. George Brown, Institution for  Feeble Minded  Youth,
Barre, Massachusetts.
  Dr. H.  M. Knight, School for Imbeciles, Lakeville, Connec-
ticut.
  Dr. J. H. Woodburn,  Commissioner of Insane  Hospital,
Indianapolis, Indiana.
  Dr. E. T. Wilkins,  Commissioner of Insanity for California.
  Luke Palmer, Trustee of Iowa  Hospital for the Insane.
  L.  F. Boughton, President of Board of Trustees of State
Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia.
  Frederick  H.  Wines,  Secretary of Board  of Charities of
Illinois.
  Dr. G. Seguin, New York.
  Dr. E. C. Seguin, New York City.
  Dr. Kirkbride resigned  the office of President, and Dr. John 
                            80
S. Butler was chosen President;  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Vice
President, and Dr. John Curwen, Secretary and Treasurer.
   Dr. John Curwen was appointed delegate  to the American
Medical Association to be held in San Francisco, and Dr. G. A.
Shurtleff,  Alternate.
   Dr. J. Vv. Barstow read a sketch  of the life of  Dr.  Edward
Mall, late of the Asylum for Criminal Insane at Auburn, XTew
York, who died at Messina, Sicily, on April 28, 1870.
   Toronto, Canada, was selected  as  the next place of meeting,
and the first Tuesday of June, 1871, as the time.
   Dr. Jarvis presented the report of the Committee on Statistics,
which was. on motion, made the special order for the first meeting
of the Association in 1871.
   The Association visited the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford,
and also the General Hospital for the Insane at Middletown.
  The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held in Toronto, Onta-
rio, commencing on June 6th, 1871.   The following members
were present:
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
  Dr. D. T. Brown,  Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for  the insane, Hartford,  Con-
necticut.
  Dr. T. B.  Camden,  Superintendent elect Hospital for the
Insane,  Weston, Western Virginia.
  Dr.  John  Clopton,  Assistant Physician, Eastern  Lunatic
Asylum, Williamsburg, Virginia.
  Dr. William  M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson,
Mississippi.
  Dr. D. B. Conrad, Central Lunatic Asylum, near Richmond,
Virginia.
  Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York.
  Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic Hospital,
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 
                            81

  Dr. James  R. DcWolf, Provincial Hospital for the  Insane,
Halifax, Xova Scotia.
  Dr. John R. Dickson, Kingston Asylum, Ontario, Canada.
  Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic Asylum, Columbia, South Carolina.
  Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the  Insane, Indianapolis,
Indiana.
  Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
  Dr. Eugene Grissom, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North
Carolina.
  Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day-
ton, Ohio.
  Dr C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts.
  Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the  Insane,
Philadelphia.
  Dr. Henry Landor,  London Asylum, Ontario, Canada.
  Dr. J. },l.  Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asvlum, Newburgh,
Ohio.
  Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York.
  Dr. A. S. McDill,  Hosjiital for the Insane, Madison, Wis-
consin.
  Dr. A. E. Macdonald, Assistant Physician  Lunatic Asylum,
Ward's Island,  New York.
  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the  Insane,
Washington,  District of Columbia.
  Dr. R. L. Parsons,  New York City Lunatic Asylum, New
York.
  Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mount Plea-ant,
Iowa.
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Henry Riedel, AVard's Island  Emigrant Hospital  for the
Insane, New York.
  Dr. F. P. Roy, Quebec Lunatic Asylum.
  Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital,  Providence,   Rhode
Island.
      l:i 
82
  Dr. A. M. Shew, General  Hospital for  the  Insane, Middle-
town, Connecticut.
  Dr.  John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St.  John,
New Brunswick.
  Dr.  Clement  A. Wralker, Lunatic  Hospital,  Boston,  Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr.  John W. Whitney, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington,
Kentucky.
  Dr.  Joseph  Workman,  Asylum  for the  Insane,  Toronto,
Canada.
     Also the following gentlemen, by invitation:
  Dr.  George Brown, Private  Institution for  Feeble Minded
Youth, Barre, Massachusetts.
  Samuel D. Hastings, Secretary State  Board of  Charities and
Reform, Wisconsin.
  Dr.  Edward R. Hun, Albany, Xew York.
  J. W. Langmuir, Esq., Inspector of Asylums,  etc., Province
of Ontario.
  H. M. Skillman, Commissioner of the Eastern Lunatic Asy-
lum, Lexington, Kentucky.
  Dr.  H. B. Wilbur, New York Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse,
New York.
  Dr.  Curwen gave a sketch of the life of Dr.  N. D. Benedict,
and offered the following resolutions, which were  unanimously
adopted:
  Resolved, That this  Association  has heard, with deep and unfeigned
regret,  of the  death of  our late  associate and member, Dr. X. D. Bene-
dict, who was  for many years  an earnest, faithful, highly esteemed, and
greatly beloved member of this Association ; and that we most sincerely
sympathize with his family in the great loss which they have sustained,
and rejoice that they and we have an example in his life of all that was
noble, pure and true.
  Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the family.

  The following resolutions, offered  by  Dr.  Kirkbride, were
unanimously adopted:

  Resolved, That this Association  re-affirms,  in  the  most emphatic
manner, its former declarations in regard to the construction and organ-
ization  of Hospitals for the Insane ; and it would take the present occa- 
83
sion to add that, at no time since these declarations were originally made,
has anything been said or done to change, in any respect, its frequently
expressed and unequivocal conviction on the following points, derived.
as they have been, from the patient, varied and long-continued observa-
tions of its members:
   First.  That a  very  large majority of  those  suffering from mental
disease can no where else be as well or as successfully cared for, for the
cure of their maladies, or be made as comfortable, if not curable,  with
equal protection to the patient and the community, as  in well-arranged
hospitals, specially provided for the treatment of the insane.
   Second.  That neither humanity, economy or expediency can make it
desirable that the care of the recent  and  chronic insane should be in
separate  institutions.
   Third. That  those institutions, especially if provided  at the public
cost, should always be of a plain  but substantial  character; and, while
i-iiaracterized by good taste, and furnished with everything essential to
the  health and comfort and  successful treatment of the patients, all
extravagant embellishments and  every unnecessary expenditure should
be carefully avoided.
   Fourth.  That no expense that  is required  to provide just as many of
these hospitals as may be necessary to give the most enlighted care to
all their ins.in > can properly be regarded as cither unwise, inexpedient or
beyond the means of any one  of the United States or British Provinces.

   A sketch of the life of Dr.  John Fonerden, prepared by  Dr.
Stribling, at the request of the  Association,  was read  at  this
meeting.
   Madism, Wisconsin, was selected as the next place of meeting,
on  the last Tuesday of May, 1872.

   Dr. Nathan D.  Benedict was  born in Otsego county, New
York, on  April 7,  1815.   Graduated  with honor in  1837 at
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, Xew Jersey, and commenced
the study of medicine immediately after.
  He graduated at the University  of Pennsylvania in the spring
of 1811, and at once engaged in practice in Philadelphia, where
he was successfully pursuing his profession when he was appointed
Medical Superintendent of the  Philadelphia Almshouse in 1846.
  He  was chosen Superintendent  of the State  Lunatic Asylum
at Utica, New York,  in  the fall  of 1849.   While engaged in
directing the necessary alterations for the heating and ventilation 
84
of that building,  he was  taken with  pneumonia, attended by-
profuse hemorrhage, and  when  able  to  be  about after many
months of  confinement, he was recommended  to  spend  the
winter of 1853-4  in Florida.   Resigning his position with the
greatest reluctance, for his  heart was in the work, he removed
to Florida in the fall  of  1855, and opened  an  Institution for
Invalids at Magnolia.   In this he succeded well until the break-
ing out of the rebellion, which virtually compelled him  to give
up his intentions, as the Government took charge of his buildings
for hospital purposes, and he removed  to St. Augustine, where
he continued to reside and filled several offices  of honor and
trust.
  He died on April 30, 1871.
  Dr. John Fonerden  was born in the city  of Baltimore, in the
year 1802.
  He commenced the practice of medicine in  that city,  and in
the earlier portion of his professional life, devoted himself espec-
ially  to  midwifery, and became in  this  line, one of the  most
popular  and reliable practitioners in the city.
  He was elected Rresident Physician of  the Maryland Hos-
pital  in  June, 1846, and continued in that position until his
death in April,  1869, greatly respected and esteemed by all who
knew him.
  Dr. Kirkbride from the  Committee  on  Didactic and Clinical
Instruction in Insanity, offered the following resolutions which
were  unanimously adopted:
  Resolved, That in view of the frequency of mental  disorders among
all classes and descriptions of people, and in recognition of the fact that
the first care of nearly all these cases necessarily devolves  upon physi-
cians engaged in general practice, and this at a period when sound views
of the disease and judicious modes of treatment are specially important,
it is the unanimous  opinion of this Association that in every school con-
ferring medical degrees, there  should be  delivered, by competent profes-
sors, a complete course of lectures  on insanity and on medical jurispru-
dence, as connected with disorders of the mind.
  Resolved, That these lectures should be  delivered before all the stu-
dents  attending these schools, and that no one should be  allowed  to grad-
uate without as thorough an examination  on these subjects as in the other
branches taught in the schools. 
85
  Resolved, That in connection with these lectures, whenever  practi-
cable, there should be cKnical instructions, so arranged that, while giving
the student practical illustrations of the different forms of insanity and
the effects of treatment, should in no way be detrimental to the patients.
  The members of the  Association visited the Asylum for the
Insane at London, Ontario, and held the cloisng meeting of the
Association in that Institution.
  The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held at Madison, Wis-
consin, commencing at 10 A. M., of May 28, 1872.
  The following members were present during the sessions;
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane,  Concord, New
Hampshire.
  Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Min-
nesota.
  Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
  Dr. John S. Butler,  Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
necticut.
  Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central  Lunatic
Asylum, Richmond, Virginia.
  Dr. J. H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten-
nessee.
  Dr. T. B. Camden,  Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West
Virginia.
  Dr. H.  F. Carriel, Hospital for  the  Insane,  Jacksonville,
Illinois.
  Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard,
New York.
  Dr. William M. Compton, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mis-
sissippi.
  Dr. John   Curwen,  Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic Hospital,
Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.
  Dr. T. P.  Dudley, Jr., Assistant Physician,  Eastern Lunatic
Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky. 
                             8<;
   Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic Asylum, Columbia, South Carolina.
   Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane,
 Raleigh, North Carolina.
   Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum,Utica, New York.
   Dr. A\rilliam Hamilton, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic
 Asylum, Staunton, Virginia.
   Dr. AV. W. Hester,  Assistant  Physician, Hospital for  the
 Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana.
   Dr. C.  H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
   Dr. Edward A. Kilbourne,  Hospital  for the Insane,  Elgin,
 Illinois.
   Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for  the
 Insane, Philadelphia.
   Dr. Henry Landor, Lunatic Asylum, Lenden, Ontario.
   Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburgh,
 Ohio.
   Dr. A. S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane,  Madison, Wis-
 consin.
   Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane,
 Washington, District of Columbia.
   Dr. R.  J. Patterson, Bellevue Place, Batavia, Illinois.
   Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio  Lunatic Asylum, Colum-
 bus, Ohio.
   Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa.
   Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Almshouse,
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. Henry Riedel, Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, AVard's
 Island, New York.
   Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler  Hospital, Providence, Rhode
 Island.
   Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital  for the Insane,  Middle-
town, Connecticut.
   Dr. G. A. Shurtleff,  Asylum for the  Insane, Stockton, Cal-
ifornia.
   Dr. Charles AY. Stevens, County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis,
Missouri.
   Dr.  AYilliam F.  Steuart,  Maryland  Hospital,  Baltimore,
Maryland. 
87
   Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo,
 Michigan.
   Dr. C. A.  AYalker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
   Dr. Joseph J. Webb, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio.
   Dr. James W. Wilkie, State  Lunatic  Asylum for Insane
 Criminals,  Auburn, New York.
   Dr. Joseph Workman,  Asylum  for the  Insane,  Toronto,
 Ontario.
   Dr. Joshua H. AYorthington,  Friends' Asylum,  Frankford,
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Indianapolis, Indiana.
     Also by invitation :
   Dr. Genet  Conger, Trustee of Willard Asylum for the Insane
 Willard, New York.
   Rev. A.  H. Kerr, of St. Peter, Minnesota, Secretary of the
 Board of Trustees of the State Hospital for the Insane of Min-
 nesota.
   Mr. M. L. Fisher, President of the Board of Trustees of the
 Iowa Hospital for the Insane.
   Dr. Brown, of Madison, Wisconsin.
   W. R. Taylor,
   E. AAr. Young, Trustees of the Wisconsin State Hospital for
 the Insane.
   Dr. John Faville, President of the State Medical Society of
 Wisconsin.
   Dr. William M. Compton gave a biographical sketch of Dr.
 A. B. Cabaniss.
   Alfred B. Cabaniss was born in the city of Huntsville in the
 State of Alabama, on the seventh day of December, 1808, and
 died  in Hinds county, Mississippi, on the twenty-first day of
 November,  1871, not quite sixty-three years old.  Dr. Cabaniss
 received a diploma from the Transylvania  University at  Lex-
 ington, Kentucky, in 1833, and in 1835 was admitted to  the
 ad eundem  degree at the Jefferson College in Philadelphia.   He
 settled in the town of Raymond, in Hinds county, more than
thirty years ago,  and afterwards removed to the city of Jackson,
where he made a reputation for skill and kindness not surpassed
by any member of the profession in Mississippi. 
ss
   During the war he was not an idle spectator but at an  early
day offered his services to the  sick and  wounded Confederate
soldiers, and  for  a  long time was  Post Surgeon  at the city of
Jackson.
   Soon after  the war, he was appointed Superintendent of the
Mississippi State Lunatic Asylum.   While he was  " the good
man of the house,"  about four years, we know that he attached
to himself, not  only the employees of the household,  but the
patients also, who regarded him as their father.    Nowhere, per-
haps, except  in  his  own  immediate family circle, did his death
cast a  sadder gloom  than  it  did  upon  the household of the
Lunatic Asylum.

   Dr. Kirkbride presented resolutions in  regard  to overcrowd-
ing hospitals, which were unanimously adopted, as follows:
   Resolved, That  this Association regards  the custom of  admitting a
greater  number of patients than the buildings can properly accommo-
date, which is  now becoming so common  in hospitals for the insane in
nearly every section of the country, as an evil  of great  magnitude, pro-
ductive  of  extraordinary dangers, subversive of the good order, perfect
discipline and  greatest usefulness of these institutions, and of  the  best
interests of the insane.
   Resolved, That  this Association, having repeatedly affirmed  its well-
matured convictions of the humanity, expediency and economy of every
State making ample provision for all its insane, regards it as an important
means of effecting this object that  these institutions  should be kept in
the highest state of efficiency, and the  difference in condition of patients
treated  in  them and  those kept in almshouses,  jails,  or even private
houses,  be  thus most clearly demonstrated.
   Resolved, That  while fully recognizing the great suffering and serious
loss that must result  to  individuals by their  exclusion from  hospitals
when laboring under an attack of insanity, this  Association fully believes
that the greatest good will result to the largest number, and at the earliest
 day, by the adoption of the course now indicated.
   Resolved, That  the boards of management  of the different  hospitals
on this continent be urged, most earnestly, to  adopt such  measures as
will effectually  prevent more patients being admitted into their respective
institutions, than, in the opinions of their superintendents, can be treated
with the greatest efficiency, and  without impairing the welfare of their
fellow sufferers.
   Resolved, That the  Secretary be instructed to furnish a copy of these 
89
resolutions to the boards of management of the different hospitals for
the insane in the United States and British Provinces.
  A committee was appointed to report on the subject of a
competent allowance to the officers of institutions for the insane
who have served a term of years in their respective institutions
and, when partially incapacitated, are compelled to resign.
  Baltimore, Maryland, was selected as the place of next meet-
ing, on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1873.
  The Association visited  the Hospital for  the  Insane, the
University of AYisconsin,  and other objects  of interest in  and
around the city of Madison.
  The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Association was
held in the city of Baltimore,  Maryland, commencing at 10,
A.  M., of May 27th, 1873.   The  following members  were
present during the session :
  Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum  for the Insane, Concord,  New
Hampshire.
  Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall,  Flushing, New York.
  Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital  for the Insane, St. Peter, Min-
nesota.
  Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg,
Virginia.
  Dr.  D.  Tilden Brown,  Bloomingdale  Asvlum,  New York
City.
  Dr. George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum,
Lexington, Kentucky.
  Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut.
  Dr. John H. Callender,  Hospital for the Insane, Nashville,
Tennessee.
  Dr.  Edward R.  Chapin, Kings County  Lunatic Asylum,
Flatbush, New York.
  Dr. John B. Chapin, AVillard Asylum,  Willard, Xew York.
  Dr. AYilliam  M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson,
Mississippi. 
                             90
   Dr.  D. B.  Conrad,  Central  Lunatic Asylum, Richmond,
 Virginia.
   Dr.  John Curwen, Pennsylvania  State  Lunatic  Hospital,
 Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. James H. Denny, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con-
 necticut.
   Dr.  AYilliam H. DeWitt, Assistant  Physician, Longview
 Asylum, Carthage, Ohio.
   Dr.  Joseph  Draper,  Asylum for  the Insane, Brattleboro',
 Vermont.
   Dr.  B.  D.  Eastman,  Lunatic  Hospital,  AA'orcester, Massa-
 chusetts.
   Dr. Pliny Earle, Lunatic  Hospital, Northampton, Massa-
 chusetts.
   Dr. M. G. Echeverria, New York.
   Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital  for the Insane, Indianapolis,
 Indiana.
   Dr.  F. T.  Fuller,  Assistant Physician, Insane  Asylum,
 Raleigh, North Carolina.
   Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.
   Dr. Thomas F.  Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville,
 Georgia.
   Dr. Richard Gundry,  Lunatic Asylum, Athens, Ohio.
   Dr. William B. Hazard, Lunatic Asylum, St, Louis, Missouri.
   Dr. James C. Hallock, State Emigrant Hospital for the Insane,
 Ward's Island. New York.
   Dr. George F.  Jelly,  McLean Asylum,  Somerville, Massa-
 chusetts.
   Dr. Thomas S.  Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital  for  the
 Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. A. H. Kunst, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane,
 Weston, AYest Virginia.
   Dr. Henry Landor, Asylum for the Insane, Lenden,  Ontario.
   Dr. Edward  Mead, Psychopathic Retreat, AATinehester, Massa-
chusetts.
   Dr. S. J. T. Miller, Southern Ohio  Lunatic Asylum,  Dayton,
Ohio.
  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Goverment Hospital for the Insane,
Washington, District of Columbia. 
                            91
  Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.
  Dr. Joseph A. Reed, AArestern Pennsylvania Hospital for the
Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada.
  Dr. John AAr. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode
Island.
  Dr. S. S. Schultz,  State Hospital for the Insane, Danville,
Pennsylvania.
  Dr. A. M. Shew, General  Hospital  for the Insane,  Middle-
town, Connecticut.
  Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Insane Asylum, Stockton, California.
  Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri.
  Dr. R. S. Steuart.
  Dr.  AArilliam  J. Steuart, Maryland  Hospital, Catonsville,
Maryland.
  Dr. William H. Stokes, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary-
land.
  Dr. Francis T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton,
 Virginia.
  Dr. J. D. Thomson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland.
  Dr. John E. Tyler, Boston, Massachusetts.
  Dr. C. A. AYalker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
  Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane. Kalamazoo,
 Michigan.
  Dr. R. M. AVigginton, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the
 Insane, Madison, AVisconsin.
  Dr.  James  W.  AYilkie, State Lunatic Asylum  for Insane
 Criminals, Auburn,  New York.
  Dr. J. H. AYorthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania.
  Also  by invitation, Dr. J. J. Mayeda, of Japan; Dr. A. S.
 Ashmead,  of Philadelphia.
  Dr. Butler, resigned the office of President, and the following
officers were elected:
  Dr. Charles H. Nichols, President.
  Dr. C. A. AAralker, Vice President.
  Dr. Ray read a paper descriptive of the qualifications of officers 
92
of Hospitals for the Insane, which was ordered to be printed at
the expense of the Association.
   The following resolutions were unanimously adopted:
   Whereas, The President of the Board of Charities of Pennsylvania
has requested that this Association should express  its opinion in regard
to the proper disposition of insane convicts: therefore,
  Resolved, 1.  That neither the cells of penitentiaries and jails, nor the
wards of  ordinary hospitals for the insane are proper places for the cus-
tody and  treatment of this class of the insane.
  2. That when the number of this class in any State (or in any two
or more adjoining States which will unite in the  project) is sufficient to
justify such a course, these cases should be placed in a hospital specially
provided  for the purpose ;  and that until  this can be done, they should
be treated in a hospital connected with some prison, and not in the wards
or in separate  buildings upon  any part of the grounds of an  ordinary
hospital for the insane.

  Nashville, Tennessee, was selected  as the next place of meet-
ing,  on the third Tuesday of May, 1874.
  The Association  visited the Maryland Hospital, Mt. Hope
Retreat,  and the Shephard Hospital for the Insane:
   The twenty-eighth annual  meeting was held in the city of
 Nashville, Tennessee, commencing at 10 A. M., of Tuesday May
 19th, 1874.'
   The following members were present  during the sessions of
 the Association:
   Dr. Judson B. Andrews, Assistant Physician, State  Lunatic
 Asylum, Utica, New York.
   Dr. II. M. Bassett, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant,
 Iowa.
   Dr. J. E. Bowers, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane,
 St. Peter,  Minnesota.
   Dr. George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum,
 Lexington, Kentucky.
   Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central  Lunatic
Asylum, Richmond, Virginia, 
                            93

  Dr. John  II. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville,
Tennessee.
  Dr. T. B.  Camden, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane,
Weston, West Virginia.
  Dr. H. F. Carrie], State Hospital  for the Insane, Jackson-
ville, Illinois.
  Dr. AYilliam M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson,
Mississippi.
  Dr. John Curwen,  Pennsylvania State  Lunatic  Hospital,
Uarrisburg, Pennsylvania.
  Dr. B. D. Eastman, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester,
Massachusetts.
  Dr. Orpheus Everts, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian-
apolis, Indiana.
  Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic
Asylum, Staunton, Virginia.
  Dr.  C. C.  Forbes,  Central  Kentucky  Lunatic Asylum,
Anchorage, Kentucky.
  Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Insane Asylum, Raleigh,
North Carolina.
  Dr. Thomas F. Green, Georgia State  Lunatic Asylum, Mil-
ledgeville, Georgia.
  Dr. Charles H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri.
  Dr. George  F. Jelly, McLean Asylum,  Somerville,  Massa-
chusetts.
  Dr. AYilliam P. Jones, Nashville, Tennessee.
  Dr. E. A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois.
  Dr. Stephen Lett, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane,
London, Ontario, Canada.
  Dr. William L. Peck, Cincinnati Sanatarium,  College  Hill
Hamilton County, Ohio.
  Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Madison,  Wis-
consin.
  Dr. A. Reynolds, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Independence,
Iowa.
  Dr. James  Rodman, Second  Kentucky  Lunatic Asylum,
Hopkinsville,  Kentucky.
  Dr. Abram Marvin Shew, General Hospital for the Insane,
Middletown, Connecticut. 
94
   Dr. Lewis Slusser, Northern  Ohio Hospital for the Insane,
 Xewburgh, Ohio.
   Dr. T. R. He Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, No.  1, Fulton,
 Missouri.
   Dr. Charles  F. Stewart, Nebraska Hospital for the Insane,
 Lincoln, Nebraska.
   Dr. Charles  W. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri.
   Dr. Clement A. Walker,  Boston  Lunatic  Hospital, Boston,
 Massachusetts.
   Dr. D. R. Wallace, Texas Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas.
   Dr. J. F. Webb, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio.
   Dr. James W. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim-
 inals,  Auburn, New York.
   Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum  for the Insane,
 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
   Dr. J. A. AYallis, of the  Lunatic  Asylum  of the  Countv of
 Durham, England; Dr. Boyd, of the new Hospital for the Insane,
 of East  Tennessee, and Dr. Brannoch, of the new Hospital for
 the  Insane of  AYest Tennessee, were invited to participate  in
 the deliberations of the Association.
   A biographical sketch of Dr. William  H. Rockwell prepared
 by Dr. Joseph  Draper, was read.
   "Dr.  William H. Rockwell, late Superintendent of the \7er-
 mont Asylum  for  the Insane, died  at that institution on the
 30th day of November, 1873, after a protracted illness of eigh-
 teen months.   He was at the time of his  resignation in August,
 1872,  the  oldest superintendent  of  an  asylum  in the United
 States, having received his appointment  on the 2Sth of June,
 1836, and been in  active service for more than thirty-six  years.
   He  was  a native of East  Windsor, Connecticut,  and  born
 February 15th, 1800.   He graduated at Yale College in 1824,
 and at the medical department of the same institution in  1831.
   In 1827, and while  a student  of Dr. Hubbard of Pomfret,
 Connecticut, he received the appointment of assistant to Di.
 Todd, at  the Plartford  Retreat.  He remained  connected with
the Retreat most of the time until his appointment to the Ver-
mont Asvlum.
  During the illness of Dr. Todd, and after his death, he had 
95
charge of the Retreat until the appointment of Dr. Fuller, and
wrote the report for the year 1834.
   He was married June  25th, 1835, to Mrs. Maria J. Chapin
of Coventry, Connecticut.  They had three children, a daughter
and two sons, the youngest, Captain Charles J. Rockwell, grad-
uated at West Point in 1863, and died in Washington, District
of Columbia, of typho malarial fever in 1867.  The elder, Dr.
W.  II,  Rockwell, Jr., was associated with  his  father in the
asylum, as his assistant, for ten years,  and was elected his suc-
cessor  in  1872, but resigned that position at the end  of the
,vcar-                                            .  .     rj
   Dr. Rockwell was an early member of the Association,  tie
 was prevented from attending the organization  by reason of a
 bill at that time pending  legislation  in his own State  which
 exacted his attention  in behalf of the interests  of the  insane
 who might be committed to his care,
   He wrote but little, his annual reports were noted for brevity,
 and  confined mainly  to  the results of each  year.   His was  a
 practical life, he  indulged little in  theorizing, but was wont  to
 detail his actual observations, and to those associated with him
 he gave freely of his  professional and  practical experience.
    Few men possessed such qualifications for  surmounting diffi-
 culties as he, and the history of the Institution at Brattleboro'
 gives tangible evidence of his indefatigable energy.   He was pre-
 eminently self-reliant, and though he differed from some of his
 colleagues in the  matter of policy in  practical  management,  he
 was scrupulously faithful to his convictions and to his trusts.
    For a year and a half preceding his death he was confined to
 his bed, suffering most from his fractured limb, gradually wear-
 ing away, and sinking to  his final rest;  and then it was that
 the strong points of his character shone out with the most strik-
 ing brillkncy.   Realizing that his work was done, and that  he
 had done it faithfully, he expressed his willingness to be judged
 by it;  undisturbed by the shafts of  malice  and indiscriminate
 censure, he calmly observed: "That  his work would be better
 appreciated, and his motives be better understood, after  he had
 gone."  And so  he passed away;  dying as he had lived, strong
 in the faith of his life-long convictions, and relying with un- 
96
 shaken confidence upon the Divine justice which metes out to
 every man the full measure of his deserts,
   The  following  resolutions, prepared  by  Dr.  Green, were
 unanimously adopted:

   AYhereas, The Association of Medical Superintendents of American
 Institutions for the Insane has received information of the death, since
 their last meeting, of Dr. William H. Rockwell, of Brattleboro', Ver-
 mont, who, for thirty-six years has been an earnest, faithful and efficient
 laborer in the noblest field of benevolence connected with the healin-
 art:
   Be it resolved, That, in the death  of Dr. Rockwell, the  interests of
 suffering humanity, in its most fearful form, have sustained a loss greatly
 to be  deplored, and this Association an able co-worker, counsellor  and
 friend.
   Resolved further,  That to the family and friends of the deceased we
 would tenderly  offer our condolence and sympathy in this  their  sad
 bereavement.
   Resolved, That the  Secretary be requested  to furnish  to the family
 of Dr. Rockwell a copy of this  testimonial of our appreciation of the
 deceased and profound regret at his death.
   The following biographical sketch of Dr. Charles VanAnden,
 prepared by Dr. James AY. Wilkie, was also read:
   "Dr. Charles E. VanAnden was born in Auburn, Xew York,
 January  9, 1819, and, with a few  brief absences,  spent  his
 whole life there.   He  was the son of one of the earliest settlers
 and  most respected  citizens  of Auburn.   He entered Union
 College in 1835, and  held during his  entire college course, a
 highly respectable position in his class, graduating August 9,
 1839.   He there laid the foundation of those refined and schol-
 arly tastes which characterized his later years, and  which were
 so well known and appreciated by his  more intimate friends.
 After leaving college, he spent some  time as a private tutor in
 the city of  New York, and later as a student of  theology, with
 the late Dr. Croswell, then of Auburn.   As a student of theol-
 ogy,  he won  the love  and esteem of that  distinguished and
 warm-hearted divine.   For reasons quite satisfactory to himself,
 he gave up the study of theology, and  became a student of
 medicine in the office of Dr. Lansing Briggs, of Auburn, and
received  the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Buffalo Uni- 
97
versify,  in  1850, having  previously attended two courses  of
lectures at the Geneva Medical College.
   He then opened an office for the practice of his profession  in
Auburn, and early  attracted the attention of Dr.  Joseph T.
Pitney, then in extensive practice as  a  surgeon, and won from
him his highest  esteem  professionally,  as well as his  warmest
personal regards.  Dr. Pitney's love and  appreciation of him
continued through life.
   In 1852, Dr. Van Anden was  called to take  charge of the
Cholera Hospital at Buffalo, at a time when that terrible malady
was making  great havoc in that  city.   After consulting with
his friends in Auburn, he came to the conclusion that  it was a
call of duty, and unhesitatingly entered into  the midst of the
pestilence, and by his calm and dignified Christian deportment,
and the wise exercise of his skill as a physician, won the esteem
and approbation of all with whom he came in contact.
   In 1857, he was  appointed  Physician to the  Auburn  State
Prison, and  in 1859 was appointed assistant to Dr.  Edward
Hall, then  Superintendent  of  the State Lunatic Asylum for
Insane Convicts at Auburn, and,  on  Dr. Hall's  retirement, in
1862, succeeded to that responsible position.  This position he
held until 1870, eight years,
   Since  that time, Dr. Van Anden  devoted  his time to the
practice  of his  profession in Auburn.  Modest,  sensitive  and
distrustful  of his  own abilities,  he lacked that energy of purpose
and those aggressive qualities so requisite to  success.   Hence
the self-advertised quack, pushing his  own claims, was quite
likely  to outstrip him in the  race for  popular  favor.   But a
work placed in  his hands was  performed with the  greatest
intelligence and fidelity.
   In his manners, he was dignified, but courteous, his affability
and kindness winning the  hearts of those  with  whom he was
most intimate.  In general knowledge, in  sound judgment, in
all the graces of refinement and scholarly cultivation, Dr. Van
Anden excelled.  In private life, of the  greatest purity  of char-
acter, he maintained  a spotless reputation as public officer.  He
died a poor, but honest, man.
   At the time of his death, Dr. VanAnden was  a  member of
       7 
98
the New Y'ork State Medical Society, and of the Medical Society
of Cayuga county, in which he lived.
   His death occurred October 19, 1873, and was the result of a
peculiar and distressing accident.   Eight days previously, as he
 was about to retire for the night, he unconsciously drew into
 the oesophagus  a rubber  plate,  of triangular form, about an
 inch in diameter, to  which was attached a single false tooth.
 After making several unsuccessful attempts to remove it with the
 oes( tphagus forceps, he applied to his former preceptor, Dr. Briggs,
 who also failed to detect its location with the forceps, and remove
 it.  The next morning he introduced a probang, and supposed he
 had dislodged and pushed it forward into the stomach.  Violent
 inflammation supervened, with swelling and inability to swallow.
 Dr. E. M. Moore, of Rochester, visited the  patient on the fourth
 day, when the inflammation and swelling were so great that he
 deemed  an  exploration of the oesophagus  impracticable.   His
 strength was sustained by injections of beef tea, &c, until the
 eighth day, when profuse hemorrhage took place, from which
 he sank  and died.
    An  autopsy  revealed  the  plate concealed just within the
 oesophagus, a sharp angle of which had made an  incision one-
 half an  inch  in length  through  its  posterior wall.   Xear the
 base of the lung was a gangrenous mass, involving to aconsid
 erable extent, the tissues of the lung  itself, and which was the
 seat of hemorrhage.  In attempting  to swallow, liquid aliment
 was forced through the aperture in the oesophagus, which  infil-
 trated itself through  the  cellular tissue, and gravitating to the
 point  mentioned, had  excited inflammation  that resulted in
 gangrene and death."

   The  President appointed  Dr. Shew committee to  prepare
 resolutions expressive of the sense  of the Association;  who
subsequently offered the following resolutions:
   Resolved, That the Association has received the announcement of the
death of Dr.  Charles E. AranAnden, formerly Superintendent of the
Asylum for Insane Criminals at Auburn, Xew York, and for many  years
a distinguished member of this Association, with the deepest concern.
  Resolved, That apart from high professional reputation always enjoyed
by Dr. VanAnden, both as a practitioner of medicine and superintendent 
99
of the asylum, his excellent private character, his many Christian virtues,
his uniform  courtesy and honorable  intercourse with hi-  fellows, have
endeared him to the members of this Association, as well  as to a large
circle of admiring friends.
   Resolved, That while the Association deeply sympathize  with his
family in their bereavement, they, with all his other friends, feel confi-
dent that when time has softened the sadness of parting, the memory of
his life will be an enduring source of comfort and pleasure  to those from
whom he has been taken away.
   Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented  to the  family
of our late associate, signed by the officers of the Association.

   The following resolution, offered  by Dr. William P. Jones,
was unanimously adopted:
   AVhereas, It has  formally been brought  to the notice of  the Asso-
ciation that State and county authorities, having supreme direction of
institutions for  the insane, have, by  law, departed from the spirit and
tenor of the principles and  general  regulations  for their government
which, after observation, experience and mature deliberation, have been
promulgated and recommended by this body as judicious and humane;
therefore,
   Resolved, That we  reaffirm former utterances of the Association, as
fully expressive of our views as to  the  proper manner of conducting
hospitals for the insane, and that we earnestly commend these utterances
to the  favorable consideration and regard of the managers of asylums
throughout the  country.

   The greater part of the time of the Association was taken up
in hearing  reports from members of the progress made in the
care and management of the insane  and in  discussing the most
recent modes of medical treatment.
   The Association  adjourned to  meet in  Stockton,  California,
on the third Tuesday in May, 1875.

   Dr. Francis  T.  Stribling, was born January 20th, 1810, in
the town of Staunton, Virginia, where he received his elementary
education, and soon entered the  office of his  father, who was
then clerk of the county of Augusta, in which he remained several
years.   It was probably in this position, that he acquired those
habits of neatness, method, and order for which he was so much
distinguished  in after life.   Having determined to adopt the 
100
medical  profession, after some preparatory reading under  the
advice of a distinguished  physician  of Staunton, he  spent  a
session at the University of Virginia, and in the following year
took his  degree in Philadelphia.  He then commenced the prac-
tice of his profession in Staunton, and soon won the confidence
of  the public.
   In 1836, at the early age of twenty-six years, he was elected
by the distinguished gentlemen, who then composed  the Board
of  Directors, Physician to the AVcstern Lunatic Asylum.   AYith-
in  a few days after his election, Dr. Stribling went on a tour of
obs rvation through the middle and northern stales,  to inspect
the best  regulated institutions for the insane, and  to gather by
observation and intercourse with  those in charge, all the infor-
mation necessary to guide him in the discharge of his responsi-
ble duties.
   He returned from that tour with expanded views,  and  much
valuable information, and  became indoctrinated with the views
of  those who had materially advanced opinions, as to the cur-
ability of insanity in a large proportion of cases where the disease
proceeded from functional causes, and returned home  an enthu-
siast in the great work, to  which  his future life was to  be ded-
icated.
   In the autumn  of 1836, he  made  known to the  Board  of
Directors, his views of the proper management of the institution,
and invoked their assistance in appealing to the Legislature for
the means of carrying them out, the Board promptly and cheer-
fully  acceded to the request, and an appeal made  to the Legis-
lature in December by the Board of Directors, was generously
responded to by that body,  at that and subsequent  sessions.  In
his annual repoits of  a  later  date, Dr.  Stribling  pointed  out
many imperfections in  the  laws regulating the  Asylums for  the
Insane.
   During the session of 1840-41, the  Committee of the Legisla-
ture to which  his  reccommendation  had  been  referred, feeling
their incompetency to deal  intelligently with the subject, sum-
moned the Physicians of the two Asylums, and a member of the
Board of Directors of each, to appear before the Committee, to
give their assistance in making a thorough revision  of all  the 
101
laws relating to the asylums.   Upon receiving  this summons,
Dr. Stribling, with the aid of the  members of the Board des-
ignated to accompany him, before leaving home, prepared a bill
which covered the whole subject.
  This bill was presented to the Committee and without mat-
terial amendment, was reported and soon afterwards received
the sanction  of both  houses, and still  remains  in  force.  Dr.
Stribling may therefore be considered the author of that law.
  From that time to the commencement of his last  illness, he
devoted himself assiduously to the enlargement of the capacities
of the institution for usefulness.
  To talents  of a  high order he united  unblemished integrity,
and warm and generous feelings, while in  the discharge of his
responsible duties, he exhibited inflexible firmness, and such grace
and serenity of manner, as to win the confidence and affection
of all who were brought into association with  him. 
 
LIST   OF
Officers   of   the  Association.

                           »»

                   PRESIDENTS.
Samuel B. AVoodward,  M. D..'........................................1841 to 1848
William M. Awl. M. D.................................................1848 to 1851
Luther V. Bell, M. D...................................................1851 to 1855
Isaac Ray, M. D...........................................................1855 to 1859
Andrew McFarland, M. D............................................1859 to 1862
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D...........................................1862 to 1870
John S. Butler, M. D....................................................1870 to 1873
Charles H. Nichols, M. D..............................................1873
               VICE  PRESIDENTS.
Samuel AVhite, M. D.....................................................1844 to 1846
William M. Awl, M. D..................................................1846 to 1848
Amariah Brigham,  M. D................................................1848 to 1850
Luther V. Bell, M. D...................................................1850 to 1851
Isaac Ray, M. D............................................................1851 to 1855
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D...........................................1855 to 1862
John S. Butler, M. D....................................................18G2 to 1870
Charles H. Nichols, M. D..............................................1870 to 1873
Clement A.Walker, M. D..............................................1873
                  SECRETARIES.
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D...........................................1844 to 1851
Horace A. Buttolph, M. D.............................................1851 to 1854
Charles H. Nichols, M. D..............................................1854 to 1858
John Curwen, M. D......................................................1858
                   TREASURERS.
Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D..........................................1844 to 1855
John S. Butler, M. D....................................................1855 to 1862
0. M. Langdon, M. D...................................................1862 to 1872
  In 1S70, the offices of Secretary and Treasurer were united, and John
Curwen, M. D.; chosen Treasurer in that year.
                          103 
Meetings of the Association.
The followinej  Statement gives the Time, Plaee and the Number
                attending each Meeting :

 1. PHILADELPHIA..............October 16, 1844......................13
 2. WASHINGTON..................May 11, 1846.............................21
 3. NEW YORK......................May 8, 1848..............................20
 4. UTICA, N. Y......................May 21, 1849.............................17
 5. BOSTON............................June 18, 1850...........................28
 6. PHILADELPHIA..............May 19, 1851.............................22
 7. NEW YORK......................May 18, 1852.............................26
 8. BALTIMORE.....................May 10, 1853.............................20
 9. AVASHINCTON..................May 9, 1854..............................22
10. BOSTON............................May 22, 1855.............................26
11. CINCINNATI....................May 19, 1856.............................28
12. NEW YORK......................May 19, 1857.............................35
13. QUEBEC, C. E...................June 8, 1858..............................24
14. LEXINGTON, KY..............May 17. 1859.............................17
15. PHILADELPHIA..............May 2*. i860.............................34
16. PROATDENCE, R, I...........June 10, 1862............................20
17. NEAV YORK......................May 19, 1863............................25
18. AYASHINGTON..................May 10, 1864.............................20
19. PITTSBURGH....................Tune 13, 1865............................19
20. WASHINGTON..................April 24, 1866..........................27
21. PHILADELPHIA.............May 21, 1867.............................32
22. BOSTON.............................June 2.1868..............................32
23. STAUNTON......................June 15, 1869............................25
24. HARTFORD......................June 15, 1870............................89
25. TORONTO..........................June 6, 1871..............................87
26. MADISON..........................May 28, 1872.............................41
27. BALTIMORE.....................May 27, 1873.............................52
28. NASHVILLE...............-......May 19, 1874.............................35
104 
                LIST   OF  THE


Hospitals    for   the   Insane


 In the United States and the British Provinces, with the Names
     of their Superintendents and the Dates of their Terms
         of Service, so far as they could be ascertained.

                    ---------♦♦♦---------

                        MAINE.
           Hospital for the Insane.— October 14, 1840.
Dr. Cyrus Knapptook charge October 14,1840; resigned April 14,1841.
Dr. Chauncey Booth acted as Superintendent until August 12, 1841..
Dr. Isaac Ray, appointed August 12, 1841; resigned March. 1845.
Dr. James Bates, appointed March, 1845; resigned February 1, 1851.
Dr.  Henry M. Harlow, appointed June 17, 1852, having been acting-
      Superintendent after Dr. Bates' resignation.
                 NEW HAMPSHIRE.

              Insane Asylum,— October 28, 1842.
Dr. George Chandler, appointed March 6, 1842; resigned. ls45.
Dr. A. McFarland, appointed August 26,1845; resigned July 30, 1852.
Dr. John E.  Tyler, appointed October  5, 1852; resigned April 15,
      1857.
Dr. J. P. Bancroft, appointed May 7, 1857.
                      VERMONT.

          Asylum for the  Insane.—December 12, 1836.
Dr.  William  H. Rockwell, appointed  December  12. 1836; resigned
      August 19, 1872.
                            105 
106
Dr. AVilliam H. Rockwell,  Jr..  appointed August 19,  1872; resigned
       December 11, 1872.
Dr. Joseph  Draper, appointed December 11, 1872.
                    MASSACHUSETTS.

                      McLean Asylum.—1818.
 Dr. Rufus AVyman, appointed May 23, 1818;  resigned May 1, 1835.
 Dr. Thomas G. Lee, appointed January 16,1835;  died October  29,1836.
 Dr. Luther Ar. Bell, appointed December 11, 1836;  resigned March 16.
        1856
 Dr. Chauncey Booth, appointed March 16, 1856; died June 12. 1858.
 Dr. John E. Tyler, appointed February 12, 1858;  resigned  March 3.
        1871.
 Dr. J. H. Whittemore in charge to July 1, 1871.
 Dr. Isaac Ray, from July 1, to October 1, 1871.
 Dr. George F. Jelly, appointed October 13, 1871.

                  Boston Lunatic  Hospital.—1839.

 Dr. John S. Butler, appointed September 16, 1839;  resigned in 1842.
 Dr. Charles H. Stedman, appointed October 10,1842; resigned in 1851.
 Dr. Clement A. Walker, appointed  June 1, 1851.

                 State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester.

 Dr. Samuel B. Woodward,  appointed September 26, 1832;  resigned
       June 30, 1846.
 Dr. George Chandler, appointed  July 1, 1846; resigned April 1, 1856.
 Dr. Merrick Bemis, appointed April 1, 1856;  resigned May 31. 1872.
 Dr. B. D. Eastman, appointed July 5, 1872.

                 State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton.
Dr. George C. S. Choate, appointed October, 1858; resigned 1870.
Dr. AY.  W. Godding, appointed April  8, 1870.

               State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton.
Dr. AYilliam II. Prince,  appointed October 1,  1857; resigned April 1,
       1864.
Dr. Pliny Earle, appointed July 2, 1864. 
                              107
                    RHODE  ISLAND.
                  Butler Hospital for the Insane.
Dr. Isaac Ray, appointed in 1845; resigned January 1, 1867.
Dr. John AAr. Sawyer, appointed January 1, 1867.
                     CONNECTICUT.
         Retreat for the Insane, Hartford.—April 1, 1824.
Dr. Eli Todd, appointed January 7, 1823;  died November 17, 1833.
Dr. Silas Fuller, appointed June 11, 1834; resigned June 13, 1840.
Dr. Amariah  Brigham, appointed July 13, 1840;  resigned August 16,
       1842.
Dr. John S. Butler, appointed May 13, 1843; resigned October 27, 1872.
Dr. James H. Denny, appointed November 25,1872;  resigned January
       9, 1874.
Dr. Henry P. Stearns, appointed January 23,  1874.
            General Hospital for the Insane, Middletown.
Dr. A. M. Shew, appointed October, 1866.
                        NEW YORK.
                      Bloomingdale Asylum.
Dr. James Macdonald, appointed October 13,1832;  resigned September
       1, 1837.
Dr. Benjamin Ogden, appointed September 1,1837;  resigned September
       16, 1839.
Dr. AYilliam Wilson, appointed  September 16, 1839; resigned April 1,
       1844.
Dr. Pliny Earle, appointed April 1, 1844;  resigned April, 1849.
Dr. Charles H. Nichols, appointed April 1849; resigned May, 1852.
Dr. D. T. Brown, appointed June, 1852.
        New York City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's  Island,
Was in charge of Assistant Physicians detailed from Bellevue Hospital
       until October, 1847, when Dr. M. II. Ranney was appointed
       Superintendent;  he held the position till his  death, December 7,
       1864.
Dr. R. L. Parsons, appointed January 7, 1865. 
                               108
        Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, Lone/ Island.

 Dr. Francis Bullock, died in  1863.   j
 Dr. Martin E. Winchell.            I In the 01d Asylum.
 Dr. T. M. Ingraham.               (
 Dr. E S. Blanchard.               )
 Dr. Robert B. Baiseley, appointed October, 1855; resigned 1856.
 Dr. John V. Lansing, appointed 1856; resigned 1857.
 Dr. Edward R. Chapin, appointed 1857;  resigned November 8, 1873
 Dr. Carlos F. Macdonald, appointed November 8, 1873; resigned August
       5, 1874.
 Dr. James A. Blanchard,  appointed August 10, 1874.

          New York City Lunatic Asylum, llari's Island.
 Dr. M. G. Echeverria, appointed December 31,1871; resigned November
       8,1872.
 Dr. Theo. H. Kellogg, appointed November 25,1872; resigned August
       1, 1874.
 Dr. A. E. Macdonald, appointed August 1, 1874.

       State Emigrant Hospital for the Insane. Ward's Island.

 Dr. Henry Riedel, appointed  June, 1870;  resigned November, 1872.
 Dr. James C. Hallock, appointed  December 1872 ; resigned December
       1, 1873.
 Dr. Daniel H. Kitchen, appointed January 29,  1874; resigned May 20,
       1874.
 Dr. Edward C.  Mann, appointed May 20, 1874.

 Neio  York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York.—July 16,  1843.
 Dr. Amariah Brigham, appointed September 9, 1842;  died  September
       8, 1849.
 Dr. N.  D. Benedict, appointed  November 3.  1349; resigned July 1,
       1854.
 Dr. John P. Gray, appointed  July 1. 1854.

               Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York.
             (Insane Department opened August, 1859.)
 Dr. J. D. Lomax,  appointed October 12, 1863.

      Hudson River State Hospital, Poughkeepsie, New York.
Dr. J. 31. Cleveland, appointed April, 1867. 
                              109
        Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, New York.
Dr. John B. Chapin, appointed April 1, 1869.
      State Asylum for insane Criminals,  Auburn, Xew York.
Dr. Edward Hall, appointed November 6, 1858; removed June 1, 1862
Dr. Charles E. Van Anden, appointed June 1, 1862;  resigned February
       17,  1870.
Dr, James W. Wilkie, appointed February 17, 1870.
             Brigham Hall,  Canandaigua, New York.
Dr. George Cook, October 1, 1855.
                Sanford Hall, Flushing, New  York.
Dr. James Macdonald established an institution on Murray Hill in New
       York City, in 1841; opened Sanford Hall in 1845.
Dr. James  Macdonald died in 1849.
Dr. Henry AV. Bucll, in charge from 1849 to 1854.
Dr. John W. Barstow took charge in 1854.
                      NEW JERSEY.
            State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, Nor Jersey.
Dr.  H. A  Buttolph, appointed April 19, 1847.
                    P E N NSYLVANIA.
         Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia.
                (Hospital opened January 1, 1841.
Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, appointed October 12, 1840.
     Friends  Asylum for the Insane, Frankford, Pennsylvania.
Dr- Joshua H. AVorthington, appointed May 1, 1850.
         Insane Department of the Philadelphia Almshouse.
Dr. N. D. Benedict, appointed November 9,1845;.resigned February 18,
       1850.
Dr. AYilliam S. Haines, appointed February 18,1850 ; resigned February
       11, 1853.
Dr. J. D. Stewart, appointed February 11, 1853; died, April, 1854, 
110
Dr. A. B. Campbell, appointed May 1, 1854; resigned July 2, 1855.
Dr. R. K Smith, appointed July 2, 1855; resigned July 21, 1856.
Dr. A. B. Campbell, appointed July 21, 1856; resigned June 8, 1857.
Dr. James McClintock, appointed June 8,1857; resigned July 5, 1858.
Dr. R. K.  Smith,  appointed July 5, 1858; resigned  September  24,
       1859.
Dr. S. W. Butler, appointed September 24, 1859; resigned December
       1, 1866.
Dr. D. D. Richardson, appointed December 1, 1866.

   Until 1859, the gentlemen above named were Medical Superintendents
of the Philadelphia Almshouse, and the  Insane Department was sepa-
rated  in 1859,  when the office of Medical  Superintendent of the whole
Institution was abolished.

         Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg.
Dr. John Curwen, appointed February 14, 1851.

      Western  Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,  /Ji.rmont,
                        Allegheny County.

Dr. Joseph A.  Reed, appointed April 1, 1857.

        State Hospital for the Insane, Danville,  Pennsylvania.
Dr S. S. Schultz, appointed May 21. 1868.

                Burn Brae, Kellyville, Pennsylvania.
Dr. R. A. Given, January 26, 1860.
                            OHIO.
              Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum  ('olumbu*.
Dr. AYilliam M. Awl, appointed May 21, 1838; resigned July 1, 1850.
Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, appointed July 1,1850 ; resigned July 1,1852.
Dr. Elijah Kendrick, appointed July 1, 1852;  resigned July 1, 1854.
Dr. George E.  Eels, appointed July 1, 1854; resigned July  1, 1856.
Dr. R. Hills, appointed July 1, 1856; resigned November 1, 1864.
Dr. William L. Peck, appointed November 1, 1864;  resigned April 15,
      1874. 
                             Ill
Northern  Ohio Hospital for the Insane, Newburgh.—March 5, 1855.
Dr.  L.  Firestone,  appointed December 1. '.Ho4; resigned  August 5,
       1855.
Dr.  It. C Hopkins, appointed  May  8.  1855;  resigned  December 1,
       1857.
Dr.  Jacob  Laisy, appointed February 24, 1857; removed October  11,

       1857-                                         ,  v     v,
Dr.  0.  C Kendrick, appointed  October  11, 1857; resigned  Novcmbei
       1,1864.
Dr. W. M. Wythes. appointed November 2, 1864; resigned August 1,

       1865-                                  •   , A,    !«,•<»
Dr  Byron Stanton, appointed August 1, 1865: resigned May, 18 >J
Dr. J.  M. Lewis, appointed May, 1869:  resigned April 1, 18-4.
Dr. Lewis Slusser, appointed April 1, 1874.

     Western Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton—September 1, 1855.
Dr J. Clements, appointed September 1, 1855; resigned May 1, 1856.
Dr. J. J.  Mcllhenny,  appointed  May 1, 1856; time expired May 1.
       1862.                                        iK .„„
 Dr. R. Gundry, appointed April 15,  1862; resigned June 15 18*-.
 Dr H B. Nunemacher, acting Superintendent until  August *> i8<-_
 Dr. S.J. F  Miller, appointed August 1, 1872;  resigned June 15, l*ti.
 Dr. H. C Rutter, Acting Superintendent until March 1, 1874.
 Dr. John H. Clark, appointed  March 1,1874.

         South-Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Athens,  Ohio.
 Dr. Richard Gundry, appointed June 16,1872.

            Longview Asylum, Carthage.—January, 1860.
    \t Lick Run Asylum, Dr. J. J. Quinn was appointed in 1853, when
 the insane were removed from  the Commercial Hospital.   Dr. Langdon
 was appointed in 1856, and Dr. William Mount, in 1859, who continued
 in charge until the removal of the insane to Longview Asylum, in Ma>.
 1860, when the Lick Run Asylum was closed.
 Dr. 0. M. Langdon, appointed November 10, 1859; resigned  October
        27, 1870.                                a         ,  T
 Dr. W. H. McReynolds, appointed  December 14, 1870; resigned  June
        10, 1871.                            ,     .    , T .   in
 Dr.  Joseph T. Webb, appointed June 10,  1871;  resigned July 10,
        1874.
 Dr. William H.  Bunker, appointed July 10, 1874. 
                               112
            Cincinnati Sanatorium, College Hill, Ohio,
Dr. AYilliam L. Peck.
                          INDIANA.
                Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis.
Dr. John Evans was appointed First Superintendent, and continued  in
       office about one year.
Dr. R. J Patterson, appointed July 1, 1848 ; resigned June 1, 1853.
Dr. James S. Athon, appointed June 1, 1853; resigned  November 13,
       1861.
Dr. J.  H. AVoodburn, appointed October 31, 1861 ;  resigned February
       7, 1865.
Dr. AYilson Lockhart, appointed February 7,1865 ; resigned November
       10, 18C8.
Dr. 0  Everts, appointed November 10, 1868.
                           ILLINOIS.
                 Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville.
 Dr. J. M. Higgins, appointed August 12, 1848; resigned June 6, 1858.
 Dr. Andrew McFarland, appointed June 16, 1854; resigned  December
        8, 1869.
 Dr. II. F. Carriel, appointed June 8, 1870.

           Northern Illinois Hospital for the Insane,  Elgin.
 Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne, appointed September 11.  1871.

           Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Anna.
 Dr. A  F.  Barnes, appointed September 23,  1873

                  Bellevue Place, Batavia, Illinois.
 Dr. R, J. Patterson.

                 Oak Lawn, Jacksonville, Illinois.
Andrew 3IcFarland, M. D. 
                              113
                         MICHIGAN
                Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo.
                      (Opened April, 1859.)
Dr  E. H. Van Deusen, appointed October 19, 1855.
                        WISCONSIN.
                 Hospital for the Insane, Madison.
Dr. J. Edwards Lee, appointed May,  1859; resigned May, 1860.
Dr  J. R. Clement, appointed June, 1860 ; resigned January 1,  186 4.
Dr. A. H. Van Nostrand, appointed April 20, 1864; resigned lune.
       1868.
Dr. Alexander McDill, appointed June 1868; resigned February, 1-73.
Dr. Mark Ranney, appointed April 29, 1873.

       Northern  Hospital for the Insane,  Oshkosh,  Wisconsin.
Dr. Walter Kempster, appointed  January 1, 1873,
                           I 0 AV A .
       Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant.— March 1, 1861.
Dr. II. J. Patterson, appointed July 6,1860;  resigned  October 1, 1865.
Dr. Mark Ranney, appointed October 1,1865; resigned July 10, 1873.
Dr. H. M, Bassett, appointed December 4, 1873.

    Iowa Hospital for the Insme, Independence.—May  1, 1873.
Dr. Albert Reynolds, appointed October 3, 1S72.
                         MISSOURI.
                  Asylum for the Insane, Fulton.
Dr. T. R. H.  Smith, appointed April,  18)1; resigned  February 11'
       1865.
Dr. Rufus Abbot, appointed March 1, 1865;  resigned March 1, 1S67.
Dr Charles  H. Hughes, appointed Mirch 1, 1867; resigned May 29.
       1872.
        8 
                              114

Dr. Thomas  A. Howard,  appointed May 29, 1872 ■  resigned October
       10, 1872.
Dr. T. R. H. Smith, appointed January 22, 1873

               Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Josephs.
Dr. George C.  Catlett.

                County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis.
Dr. Charles W. Stevens, appointed February, 1868; resigned August 1,
       1872.
Dr. T. R. H. Smith, appointed August 5, 1872; resigned January  22.
       1873.
Dr, William B. Hazard, appointed January 16,  1873; resigned  March
       19,1874.
Dr. J. K. Bauduy, appointed Visiting Physician, March 16, 1874,

              St.  Vincent's Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis.
Dr. J. K. Bauduy.
                       MINNESOTA.

                Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter.
Dr. Samuel E. Shantz,  appointed October 2, 1866;  died  August 22.
       1868.
Dr. C. K. Bartlett, appointed December 19, 1868,
                       NEBRASKA,

                 Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln.
Dr. Charles F. Stewart, appointed November 15, 1871.
                         KANSAS.
        Lunatic Asylum, Ossawatomic.—November 1, 18(16.
Dr. C. 0. Gause, appointed May 11, 1866;  entered on the  duties July
      1, 1863; resigned November 30, 1871. 
                                115
Dr. C.  P. Lee, appointed November  1, 1871 ;  resigned November  30,
       1872.
Dr. C.  W. Jacobs, appointed November 1, 1872; resigned  October 1,
       1873.
Dr. A. II. Knapp, appointed October 1, 1873.
                        MARYLAND.
                  Maryland Hospital, Baltimore.
  "The old Maryland Hospital was organized by Drs. Smith and Mack-
enzie in 1797.   It was  intended for  a few  Lunatics, and as a general
hospital;  as the city increased it was  necessary to enlarge it, and it was
extended in  1807,  so as to accommodate a large  number of general
patients and forty lunatics.   At this time it was leased to Drs. Smith and
Mackenzie, who  attended all the  patients and regulated every depart-
ment.  It was a private establishment until 1864, when the lease expired.
The Legislature had appointed a board with power to appoint officers in
1828, which  was done,  and Dr. R. S. Steuart was  appointed  Medical
Superintendent under the name of President, but did not until January
1834, assume full authority.  Dr. Steuart did not reside in the house,
but visited daily for some time; but finding  it necessary to have assis.
tance, engaged five medical  men  to join  in the medical administration
of the house.  This continued one year when a medical  resident was
appointed,  Dr. AYilliam  H.  Stokes, who served one year.  Dr. William
Fisher became Resident Physician in 1836, remained  for four years,
when his health failing, he was relieved for eight months by Dr. II. Starr.
Dr. Fisher continued until June, 1846, when Dr. John Fonerden was
appointed."
Dr. John Fonerden died May 6.  1869.
Dr. William  F.  Steuart, appointed June  9,  1869.
   The patients  were  removed to the  new  hospital near Catonsville in
July,  1872.
                   Mt.  Hope Institution, Baltimore.
 Dr. William  H. Stokes, appointed September 21, 1842.
              DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA,
      (,'overument Hosjiital for the Insane.—January 15, 1855.
Dr. Charles II. Nichols, appointed October, 1852. 
116
                         Y IR GI N IA.
   Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg.—September 14, 1773.
John M. Gait, M. D., from 1773 to 1806.
A. D. Gait, M. D., from 1806 to 1841.
John M. Gait, M. D., from 1841 to 1862.
  In charge of the United States Government from 1862 to the fall of
1865.   In February  1866, Dr.  R. M.  Garret  was elected, and was
removed in 1867, and succeeded by Dr. A. Peticolas.
Dr. A. Peticolas died November 28, 1868.
Dr. John Clopton acted as Superintendent until  Dr. D. R. Brower was
       appointed January 9, 1869.

                Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond.
Dr. David Burr  Conrad, appointed July, 1870; resigned November,
       1873.
Dr. Randolph Barksdale,  appointed November. 1873.

          Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton.—July, 1828.
Dr. Francis T. Stribling, appointed visiting physician in May, 1836, and
       Superintendent and Physician in 1841.
Dr. F. T. Stribling died July 23, 1874.
Dr. R. F. Baldwin, appointed October 1, 1874.
                    WEST VI R GINI A .
           West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston
Dr. R. Hills, appointed November 1, 1864: resigned July 1, 1871
Dr. T. B. Cauiden, appointed July 1, 1871.
                  NORTH  CAROLINA,
                  Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh.
Dr. Edward  C.  Fisher, appointed Superintendent of construction, Sep-
       tember 15, 1S53.  and Superintendent and Physician in Febru-
       ary, 1856; resigned July 7.  186S.
Dr. Eugene Grissom, appointed July 7, 1868. 
117
                   SOUTH CAROLINA.
                Lunatic Asylum, Columbia.—1827.
Dr. John W. Parker, appointed December 24, 1836, previous to which
       the patients were attended by a visiting physician.
Dr. J. AV. Parker, removed August 5, 1870.
Dr. J. F. Ensor, appointed August 5, 1870.
                         GEORGIA.
                  Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville.
Dr. Thomas F. Green, appointed January,  1846.
                        ALABAMA.

               Hospital for the Insane, Tuscaloosa.
Dr. P. Brice, appointed July, 1860.
                      MISSISSIPPI.
                    Lunatic Asylum, Jackson.
        (Records of the Institution destroyed during the war.)
W. S. Langley, M. D., appointed in 1855; resigned in  1857.
Dr. AV. B. AVilliamson, appointed in 1857; resigned in 1859.
Dr. Robert Kells. appointed in 1859; resigned in 1866.
Dr. A. B. Cabaniss, appointed in 1866; resigned in 1869.
Dr. W. M. Deacon, appointed in 1869; resigned in 1S70.
Dr. AYilliam M. Compton, appointed in 1870.
                       LOUISIANA.
          Lunatic Asylum, Jackson.—November 23. 181,8.
  William Collins was elected Superintendent, and Dr. Selby Physician
Collins remained about nine months, and in 1849 James King was elected
in his place   In 1853 Edward C. Power was elected Superintendent in
pla-e of J Kin-.   In 1854 Dr. Maybury was elected in  place of Mr. 
                               118

Power-  In 1856 Janes King was again  elected.  In  1856 Dr. J. D.
Barkdull was elected, and remained Superintendent until February, 1865)
when he was deliberately shot and killed in the street in  Jackson, by a
United States  Soldier.   Mr. James King  was again elected Superinten-
dent, and entered on the duties April 1, 1865.   Dr. P. Pond was elected
Physician in December, 1848, held the  place about six years, until Dr.
Maybury was elected Superintendent; was again elected in April, 1865.
Dr. Pond  resigned.
Dr. L. A. Burgess, appointed, ............; resigned.............
Dr. J  AYelch Jones, appointed.............
                           TEXAS.
                     Lunatic Asylum,  Austin.
Dr. J. C. Perry was appointed Superintendent by Governor E. M. Pease.
       who was Governor in 1856-7.
Dr. C.  G. Keenan was appointed by Governor II. R. Runnels in 1858.
       and during this  time  the  erection of a  portion of the  present
       building was commenced.

   •'Sam Houston, who  was elected Governor  in  1859, appointed the
present incumbent  (Dr.  B. Graham,) in December of that year; and
under his supervision the present buildings and improvements were com-
pleted.  About the first of March, 1861, the institution was organized.
and during that month five or six patients were admitted.  The secession
convention meeting about that time imposed  such  conditions  upon the
Governor, and other  State officers, as they were unwilling  to agree to,
therefore Lieutenant  Governor E. Clark, having assumed the guberna-
torial chair, reappointed Dr. C. G. Keenan,  who retained  the  position
during Clark's term  of office.  F. Lubbock  succeeding Clark as Gov-
ernor,  in November, 1861, appointed J. M. Steiner Superintendent, who
remained in  charge of the institution during the rebellion.  August 21,
1865, General A. J.  Hamilton, who was  appointed Military Governor of
Texas, replaced Dr. B. Graham in the position he had previously occu-
pied by appointment of General Houston.   But upon another change of
State Officers in  1866, J. AV.  Throckmorton  being Governor, appointed
W. P. Beall, Superintendent in August,  1866.   Upon the  re-establish-
ment of a military government, August,  1867, E. M. Pease, who is now
Governor, re-appointed Dr. B. Graham, for the third time.
Dr. B. Graham resigned March 23, 1870. ""*' 
                               119
Dr. J. A. Corby, appointed March 28, 1870; resigned March 5. 1871.
Dr  G.  F. AYeisselberg. appointed March 5,  IS71 ;  resigned February
       1, 1HT4.
Dr. D.  R  Wallace, appointed February 1, 1874.
                       TENNESSEE.
                 Hospital for the Insane, Nashville.
John S. McNairy, M. D., appointed------; resigned August 18. 1S49.
John S. Young, M. D., appointed 1849; resigned March 1, 1852.
William A. Cheatham. M. D , appointed March 1, 1852; removed 1862.
William P. Jones, M. D.; appointed July 25, 1862; resigned Jauuary
       1, 1870.
J. H. Callender, M. D., appointed January 1, 1870.
                       KENTUCKY.

            Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington.—1824-
  Until 1844 the internal management and control of the patients was
confided to a person known as head keeper, the  prevailing idea being
that the object of the hospital was in a great measure  merely custodial.
  Dr. J. It. Allen assumed the duties of First Superintendent on March
1, 1844, and held the office for a period of ten years.
Dr. William S. Chipley succeeded Dr. Allen  on April 1, 1855; resigned
       December, 1869.
Dr.  John  W. AYhitney, appointed  December,  1869; resigned April,
       1873.
  The name of the Institution was changed in 1873, to First Kentucky
Lunatic Asylum.
Dr, George Syng Bryant, appointed April, 1873.

              Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville.
Dr.  Samuel Annan was appointed  by the Governor of Kentucky for
       four years, from April 1, 1854.
Dr. F. G. Montgomery was elected by the  Board of Trustees, April 1,
       1858.
Dr. James Rodman, appoiuted June 1, 1863.
   (Name changed in 1873, to Second Kentucky Lunatic Asylum.) 
120
           Third Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Frankford.
Dr. E. II. Black, appointed April, 1873.
  The Institution was changed  in February 1874, and restored to its
original  purpose, '-an Institution for the education  and treatment of
feeble-minded children.

           Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage.
Dr. C. 0. Forbes, appointed April, 1873.
(Name changed to Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum in February, 1874.)
                      CALIFORNIA.
             Lunatic Asylum, Stockton, July 1, 1853.
Robert It. Reed, M. D., July 1, 1853; resigned October 1. 1866.
Samuel Langdon, M. D., elected April 29, 1856;  resigned August 1,
       1857.
Dr. AY. D. Aylett, appointed August 13,1857;  resigned April 20,1861.
Dr. W. P. Tilden, appointed April 20, 1861; resigned August 1,  1865,
Dr. G. A.  Shurtleff, appointed August 1, 1865.
                         OREGON.
                   Lunatic Asylum, Portland.
Dr. J. C. Hawthorne.
      INSTITUTIONS IN THE BRITISH  PROVINCES.
          Provincial Lunatic Asylum,  Toronto,— Ontario.
                     Opened January, 184L
Dr. Rees.
Dr. W. Telfer.
Dr. Parke.
Dr. Primrose.
Dr. Scott.
Dr. Joseph AYorkman, appointed July 1,  1853.
  This institution has two branches; one in Toronto, called the Univer-
sity branch, and another at Orillia, Ontario. 
121
             Asylum for the Insane, Kingston,  Ontario.
Dr. J. R. Litchfield, appointed March, 1865; died December 18, 1868.
Dr. J. R. Dickson, appointed December, 1868.
              Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario.
  The  asylum at Amherstburg was  made separate from  the  asylum at
Toronto, September 25, 1861.
Dr. Andrew Fisher, resigned June, 1868
Dr. Henry Landor was appointed June,  1868, and the patients were all
       removed to the new asylum at London, Ontario, November, 1870.
               Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Proprietary.
Drs. James Douglas,  Joseph Morrin and Charles J. Fremont were its
       first founders and proprietors.
  They fitted up for the cure and  maintenance of the insane, in 1845,
a large building which they  leased  in  the parish of Beauport.  The
present buildings were erected in  the parish of St. Roche, on the road
leading to the parish of Beauport, in 1848.  Since then  the establish-
ment has  been very much enlarged and a new one for male patients
erected.
     Present proprietors:
Dr. J.  E. J. Landry.
Dr. F.  E. Roy.
       Provincial Lunatic Asylum,  St. Johns, New Brunswick.
         (Opened by Dr. G. P. Peters, December 12, 1848.)
Dr. John Waddell, appointed December 1, 1849.
     Nova  Scotia Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Dr. James R. De Wolf, appointed May  17, 1857.
             (The hospital was opened January 1, 1859.)
  The following establishments are also in different parts of the British
Provinces.
         Hospital for the Insane, St. John, Newfoundland.
Dr. Henry H. Stabb.
      Lunatic Asylum,  Charlottstown,  Prince Edward's Island.
Dr. Mackieson.
           Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. Johns,  Quebec.
Dr. Henry Howard. 
 
 
 
 
 
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