;AU.SE. NATURE,
»PREVENTION of
SFA SICKNESS.
HUDSON 
U.S. NATIONAL
     LIBRARY
          OF
    MEDICINE
FOUNDED 1836
WASHINGTON, D. C.
B19574 
 
 
SEA-SICKNESS:
*   CAUSE, NATURE, AND PREVENTION

        without medicine ok change
               IN DIET.
jL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL SOLUTION
       OF THE PROBLEM.
BY
*9\
WILLIAM H. HUDSON.
^  "'HTsm.
       Boston:
S. E. CASSINO AND COMPANY.
         1883. 
1883
    Copyright,
BY MARY E. HUD&
      1883.

   "Ml.
     ELF.CTROTYPF.D.

BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOi.iN .}.' Y,
    Ko. 4 Pbael Steeet.
JouAdr^] 
PREFACE.
  In this little volume  the author presents a
method by which  the  ocean  traveller may
secure immunity from  sea-sickness, without
change in diet or aid of medicine.
  Athough occasioning great sufferings, and
sometimes even fatal in its  effects, sea-sick-
ness is not a disease,  properly so called.   It
is due solely to the violations of natural laws,
through ignorance of their true nature; and
its prevention is possible to all by the use  of
correct principles, simple  in themselves and
easy in their application.   The information
here n offered  is the result of observations
and experiments made upon the ocean, and
carefully noted during a period of more than
twenty-five years.
 If universally acted upon  sea-sickness would
at once cease to exist.
   / 
% 
CONTENTS.
PART                                     PAGE
      Appeal to Physicians   ......    7
   I.  Address to the Reader......    9
  II.  Sea-Sickness, its Cause, Nature, and
        Prevention without Medicine   .  .   18
  III.  Proofs of Theory drawn from Obser-
        vation ............47
  IY.  Relaxation of the  Muscular  System
        considered in its General Uses  .  .   61
  Y.  Hints to Beginners in Ocean Travel,   71
  YI.  Habit Illustrated........76
 VII.  A Word of  Caution........84
VIII.  Storm Lesson..........100
  IX.  Notes.............I21
        Life, 121;  Mind, 122; Nerves, 123; Mus-
      cles, 124; Sleep, 126; Citation, 131.
Index, Analytical..........137 
 
An Appeal to Physicians:
  The work here presented discloses for the
first time the true cause and nature of sea-
sickness.  It is written so clearly and simply
that all may understand and apply its teach-
ings ; but great  numbers  of people prefer
oral instruction to reading, and naturally will
apply to you for advice.  You have earned
this confidence by your life-study of the heal-
ing art.  You can impart information accept-
ably when the printed word would fail.  To
you I commend  my little  volume, believing
that you will  at  once perceive its truth, and
welcome it as  a valuable helper in lifting from
the suffering sea-traveller the crushing burden
he has so long borne.
May 7, 1883. 
 
SEA-SICKNESS.
CAUSE, NATURE, AND PREVENTION.
                    I.
         ADDRESS TO THE READER.
  In commencing this work, I ask your per-
mission to use the personal form of address,
and  a familiar style, that I may the better
win  your interest, dispel  possible prejudice,
and  induce you  to  weigh with  candor the
statements I shall make.
  My topic, in common with all scientific sub-
jects, forbids  the felicity of  expression, the
poetic fervor, and finish of style required by
those which are  purely literary.   Clearness,
precision, and  force are alone necessary ;  and
these I have attempted to  attain.   If  I  have
offended by repetition or undue fulness of
statement, I plead in excuse the earnest desire
                                  9 
10
SEA-SICKNESS.
to simplify my instructions, and so adapt them
to the needs of the busiest, the most careless,
and the least instructed of my readers.
  This book is the outgrowth of my own per-
sonal experience, written after I had fully
attained control over sea-sickness in my own
person.  It was then, and not before, that it
occurred to  me  that  the facts which were
quarried out to serve me should also become
the servants of others, who,  like  myself, are
victims.
  Difficulties  occur  in  producing the facts
which form this work not usual in book-mak-
i»g.   Previous writings upon this subject
afford  no light  or guide upon it.   It  has
ever been a " dark continent."   To enter it
was  to come at once into a trackless jungle,
filled with every obstructing medium  which
the name of jungle implies.  Such is the ap-
pearance of  sea-sickness to the observer when
groping among its effects in the human body.
The nature  of these  effects  are  boisterous;
they becloud  the observer's vision and 'm- 
ADDRESS TO THE  READER.       11
pede  his  search;   they completely obscure
the still and silent cause.
  Works  treating  upon  the-human body,
which   are  worthy of  respect,  uniformly
characterize sea-sickness as incurable ; and it
is no wonder that this is so.   Out of this
state of recorded knowledge has come a habit
firmly fixed in the  public mind that no  hope
was  to  be expected.  To  change  a habit of
mind is no less difficult than to change a habit
of body.   It  cannot  be  accomplished  by
force, as the mind is free.  It became neces-
sary for me to surround  the  subject  with
copious details of facts, the nature of which
must be made  plain to the understanding.
Such  were  the  grounds which claimed my
attention as I commenced this book;  and to
their considerations I have  adhered in  its
composition.  This will account for what at
times,  perhaps, may be  deemed  irrelevant
matter,  but which the  reader ma}' find, ulti-
mately,  none too full when he becomes en-
tangled in an ocean storm. 
12
SEA-SICKNESS.
  The subject of  sea-sickness has been of
deep interest to me for many years.  I loved
the ocean for its (to me) concealed wonders.
This love seemed to have been born with me
in my inland home.  It became in my early
boyhood a passion.   My mental eye  fairly
feasted upon its wonders.   My little fingers
were busy in tracing  out  its  winding boun-
daries  upon my school-maps.   My  young
mind was made quiet and happy, in the corner
by the evening fire, by the story-books of the
sea.   Thus my mind  filled  the trackless
spaces of the great ocean with all that was
free and grand.
  At an early period of life I removed to the
coast, and  for the first time  saw the wide
Atlantic.  Visions  of intense  enjoyment in
making a closer acquaintance with its myste-
rious charms rose  before me, to  be checked
but too  soon by a knowledge of that remorse-
less power which exacts the tribute of suffer-
ing from  all who sail  its waters.  Yet my
ardor was  not  extinguished — was,  indeed, 
         ADDRESS  TO THE  READER.       13

hardly moderated, — on the  contrary, I re-
solved to attain my end, even at the expense
of physical  discomforts, while I believed a
prevention  might  be  found  if  faithfully
sought.
  After a time business required of me a sea-
voyage.   I welcomed  the opportunity  for
investigating  at  leisure the  cause  of  sea-
      ©    ©
sickness  as  the first step to its relief.   The
knowledge acquired by this  experience was
very limited, and that even was sadly marred
by the sufferings inflicted on me.  Still eager
for  knowledge on this  point,  I resorted  to
libraries, but books  that were treasuries of
learning on other subjects were silent on this.
I conversed with physicians,  but they were
more  profitably employed than in considering
questions deemed unanswerable.  I  inquired
of scientific men, but they were  still  more
reticent.   The world seemed  to wear a dull
and lowering  look upon this subject, which
was well-calculated to squelch my enthusiasm.
It exhibited a  unit of unbelief.   This appear- 
14            SEA-SICKNESS.
ance somehow, did not have any  effect  in
deterring  me from inquiry.   There was  an
honest, sturdy unbelief to be met everywhere,
which was as firm as  adamant, that sea-sick-
ness could never find  relief; and such is still
the case.  Indeed, as my mind  runs back
over the  lines  of thought in  past  ages,  I
find ever  the  same dull plane of apathy and
indifference.
   Thus compelled, (as it were,) I continued
to study without aid,  and the results of these
many years  form the  warp and woof of this
volume.                       .
   And now, dear  reader, although you  can
hardly be otherwise  than  skeptical on this
matter, yet  if you will keep your mind  un-
biased and  receptive, I  will offer you con-
vincing proof of the  theory  I am about to
advance.  I will show you that sea-sickness
is not a necessary evil, but that it can be pre-
vented by simply obeying the laws of nature.
If  you will study attentively and  practice
faithfully  the system  of muscular training of 
        ADDRESS TO THE READER.       15

which I shall explain the method and neces-
sity, you can sail the ocean with as absolute
immunity from the sickness it usually inflicts
as you can travel by land.
   Strange as this majr seem, and doubtful as
it  may now appear to you, this  evil of six
thousand years of recorded life may be utterly
vanquished;  and that, too, by the simple use
of only your own powers, which were vested
in you by your Creator for that very pur-
pose.  In  this  age of  enlightenment  and
augmented facility, ignorance upon this mat-
ter seems  to have the rank odor of crime
about it.   It has filched untold delights from
                                 ©
the weary and worn landsman.  Its occasioned
losses to the world are untold and not to be
estimated.   The treasuries of art, the current
culture, the vast inheritance from a common
ancestry, whose  homes and works remain in
the keeping of a European kindred,  are  still
viewed as  sacred,  and command  an interest
and  a reverence from the far-off children in
their western  homes.   The European is not 
 16            SEA-SICKNESS.

 less interested in the fresh life and elemental
 achievements of their western lineage. Among
 these are thousands on thousands of men and
 women lavishly endowed to appreciate, to un-
 derstand, to criticise, to  write,  to  correct,
 and thus to straighten the  lines  and expedite
 true progress.
   The orderly workings of these natural and
 beneficent methods  are marred and  hindered
 by sea-sickness.  Numbers,  not a few,  hav-
 ing crossed the ocean and  suffered from this
 cause, remain  in exile,  accepting voluntary
 banishment from home  and kindred  rather
 than risk the ordeal of a return voyage.
   The benefits of the ocean  itself have been
 largely denied  or neutralized to those most
 sorely in  need of its  healing powers.   The
 ocean is, indeed, a health-giver.   A foun-
tain  of  healing waters, whence  comes vjo-or
and  renewed  pleasurable  existence  to  the
broken and  brain-sick  man of the land,__a
place of rest nowhere else  to  be found  in
equal purity and perfection. 
         ADDRESS TO THE  READER.       17

  It comes to be my task, and is a pleasure,
to point the way to  the correction of errors,
and the  attainment of gifts which have been
held in store for man for all time.   I do this
boldly and in  fearless  confidence.   I shall
direct  your  steps  in no pathway  which has
not been trodden by myself, and found to be
secure and  practical.  I  ask your candid
attention. 
SYSTEM.
         That very law which moulds a tear
          And bids it trickle from its source;
         That law preserves the earth a sphere
          And guides the planets in their course."

                     II.
   SEA-SICKNESS I  ITS CAUSE, NATURE, AND
                PREVENTION.
   All efforts for the prevention and control
of  sea-sickness  have  hitherto  been  made
through  the  medium  of drugs.   These are
     ©                       ©
in  themselves  disturbing  causes.   Just  in
the  proportion that  they  act at  all,   they
lessen instead of increasing the chances for
the patient's comfort.
   Sea-sickness  results  from disobedience  to
natural  laws.   Such being  the  case,  it is
necessary to  ascertain  precisely  what  those
laws are, in their application to, and demand
upon,  the human  body. 
CAUSE  AND PREVENTION.       19
   This involves  a very brief  recapitulation
of  some of the  elementary facts of physi-
ology.   By way of general explanation, I
would state that  the  construction  of the
nerves and the  two orders of muscles are
amply described in books  which are acces-
sible  to all, and it is, therefore, needless for
me to speak of them only so far as their use
may «erve to explain my  subject.   I  shall
generally discard the use of the word stimu-
lus, and make  use of the word life, instead,
when  treating  of the  motive  power which
acts upon  man's  body.
  The motions of the  human body are pro-
duced by the action of the  muscles.   There
are between five  and  six  hundred  separate
muscles employed in the body for the per-
formance of its duties.   These are arranged
in two  grand divisions, known as voluntary
and involuntary.   The latter is used by the
vital organs, and has a character peculiar to
itself, by which  it is enabled to work under
the mysterious  power of life, with ceaseless 
20
SEA-SICKNESS.
activity,  without  fatigue,  and substantially,
without government from the mind.
  The voluntary system is ramified by nerves
of sensation and  motion, which traverse in
pairs  the whole system,   leaving no  minute
part unprovided;  thus furnishing a  system
for  the supply of power,  and also a  system
of telegraphy connected  directly with  the
brain, the seat of intelligence and the home
of the mind, — thus making the  mind omni-
present  in the  body.  Thus, the voluntary
sytem of muscles is under the control of the
mind.  Consequently the mind is placed in
the command  of  the motions of the  body,
which they are made to obey with precision
and despatch.
  These  voluntary muscles are  subjects for
education during all orderly life in the body.
This education in  the child is conducted by
long and  tedious  experiment and  imitation,
and supplemented by extensive exercise.  In
the adult the mind comprehends and directs,
and practice insures the  result,  thus  fitting 
          CAUSE AXD PREVENTION.        21

the muscles for their respective duties. Prac-
tice must ever be an essential element in the
formation of all  motions if  the  body is to
become a perfect  instrument for the mind.
A time comes when the muscular education
is so far complete  that passable motions may
be produced on the  first attempt, but repeti-
tion will add dignity and grace and other-
wise improve them.
  The muscles are  separate  organic forms,
highly endowed  with life.    They  may  act
separately  during  states of  disorder;  but
when in order they act, in a sense together,
under what is known as  reciprocal action, —
which really is a confederation or correlation
of  the  muscles, — and  secure to the body
the complete unity  of force.   Each muscle
merges its  own individuality in that of all the
others,  and the whole work under  the  dic-
tates of the mind as one muscle.  The mind,
therefore, has by  a  single impulse the total
force  of the  body  under its  instant com-
mand. 
22
SEA-SICKNESS.
   The nerves are minute,  filmy  sheaths, in
which is contained substance  similar to that
of  the  brain, and are outcomes from  the
brain, substantially a part of it.   They are
inert, void of motion and  strength,  and are
endowed with the property by which  they
transmit sensation and life.  Thus they are
vehicles for thought and feeling.  Their office
               O            ©
is to  convey intelligence and  power, and in
this service the mind employs them.
  The nervous and  muscular systems form
substantially  the  realm  of the  body,  over
which the mind holds sway.  And while laws
are obeyed, this  realm is a most agreeable
abode.  It is guarded on every hand. Noth-
ing however  trivial can enter this immense
domain without  in some way affecting the
whole.  Hopes,  fears, affection,  sympathy,
in short, all emotions flow through the body,
changing its  action and producing different
manifestations.   We may realize  this,  in  a
partial degree, in the  face of a friend  with
whom we may be in conversation.  All the 
CAUSE  AND PREVENTION.       23
delicate changes there  occurring, and multi-
tudes besides which are invisible, are but the
production of  this  perfect  and  wonderful
instrument in the employ of the mind.
  The reader may now see what  a  force is
placed at his command.  The nerves are his
messengers, the  muscles are his servants.
Every motion he desires, be it slow or quick,
soft  or harsh, careless  or  precise, wTill  be
instantly executed.  There  is no practical
limit to the changes  and manifestations pos-
sible  by means of  the combined use and
action of the nerves and muscles.
  In   the  few  preceding  words  I  have
brought to }Tour attention in  sufficient detail
for my purpose the means at your command,
which, if used  intelligently, will exempt you
from sea-sickness,  and  perhaps afford you a
means of comfort in  other  important rela-
tions in life.
  I will now consider what we shall experi-
ence and be  called upon to overcome by the
orderly use of the powers which  have been 
24
SEA-SICKNESS.
traced as being at your command.   The most
prominent  of  these  is  gravity.    This  we
understand  as  an  elementary force in  the
universe.    It  acts upon  all objects,  com-
pounds, and things, keeping all in a fixed and
definite  position with reference  to the  com-
mon centre  of  our  globe.  This is its aim,
and for  this it  is furnished with a mild, but
at the same time irresistible power.   When
objects or things obey gravity they are said
to be in  equilibrium.  They are really at
rest.  In  this  state the  man is  altogether
                                    ©
unconscious of the existence of any such force
acting upon his body.  If the body for any
cause is  thrown out  of this relation, it be-
comes the instant  effort  of  gravity to  re-
store it.
  The actual  operation of this law is seen
when a  stone  is started  from the top of a
declivity.   That  stone will  become content
only when it  reaches a place of  rest.   We
see the true  line which gravity imposes  upon
the human body, which secures perfect rest 
CAUSE AND PREVENTION.        25
to the  body, in the  plumb-line and  ball.
The ball set in motion will- finally come to a
rest.  This  is  done b}T gravity alone.   We
are unable by  calculation  to  determine this
point until  it  is  marked  by the  unbiased
movement of  the  ball  coming to  a  rest.
Whatever opposes  this law must inevitably
experience defeat.   It acts upon the body as
a whole, and also  on all the  adjuncts of the
body separately.
   The fact  that certain  compounds  are en-
closed in vessels does not interfere with the
action of gravity.   Solid, fluid, or aeriform
substances alike obey it.   The  motions of
the  body are  influenced  and are  equally
amenable to it as the vast  masses of the
planets which  roll in  stellar space.   The
effect  of this   attracting  power upon  the
fluids  of the  body,  and every  atom or
particle  which compose the  body, may be
seen  objectively by placing water in a dish
and changing its level.  The water will move
from side  to   side  in  strict obedience to 
26            SEA-SICKNESS.
gravity to come to rest at a place the nearest
to the actual centre of the  earth.  The body
is composed  of four-fifths fluid, which en-
deavors to perform the same  thing  as the
water in the dish, when the body antagonizes
gravity.  Fluids in the body in some degree
act as  graduators to enable the body to con-
form itself to gravity, similar in this respect to
the ocean, which acts as a movable graduator
for the globe, thus  holding the  earth  to the
form of a sphere in agreement to this law.
   We come naturally to  details  in this study
for the purpose of seeing what occurs to the
body  linden ultra conditions.   It has been
stated above that the unity of force and con-
sequent order of the  body depends upon the
reciprocal action of the  muscles.  If this is
disturbed, the mind is dethroned. It loses its
command of a united force, and order is gone.
We may readily appreciate the  condition  if
we reflect that some hundreds of muscles, all
abounding with life and action, are cast loose,
and work,  each more or less, in its own way 
         CAUSE AND PREVENTION.        27

without a  central authoritative  commander.
Disobedience to gravity causes the suspension
of the reciprocal action of the muscles, and
there is imposed upon the body the  above
disordered condition.  This  is what we call
sea-sickness.  Sea-sickness is by no means a
disease, as has always been suspected.   Yet
this  is not saying much in palliation.   The
organs are all in a healthy  state, but they
are in awful disorder.  If we compare  sea-
sickness with other ailments, as  to  human
suffering, it outranks anything which  I can
conceive  of, and  I  am not destitute of com-
petent knowledge as  to sea-sickness in my
own  person  in all  its phases.   I am  also
tolerably well-informed as to the sensations
produced by extracting teeth.
   There is always  a specific  point in man's
body nearer  than any other to the centre of
the globe, which is known as the centre of
gravity, to which the superincumbent mass
above must adjust itself.  This is also called
the point  of rest.   If no movement  of the 
28
SEA-SICKNESS.
body takes  place, it is  maintained  in this
state of equilibrium ; but as soon as any motion
disturbs this arrangement gravity asserts its
power.  If the  head and  arms are thrown
forward, a leg  and  foot  must be  thrust
backward  to maintain  equal  pressure over
this  point of rest.   If  the head is pushed
still further forward without a corresponding
movement  backward,  we   become  giddy.
This, we may regard, as a timely warning
that the equipoise is broken.  If  we continue
to advance  our  upper body beyond the line
of gravity, the body will be thrown to the
ground.
  Few, perhaps, fully realize  how friendly
and  beneficent this  power  which holds the
universe in  order is to the  human body.
When men violate its laws  it gives the gen-
tle warning of giddiness while on the  land,
and  it sends  gentle notice on the water, in
the form of nausea, before proceeding to ex-
ercise its terrible force by  which the man is
thrust down to a place of rest, that he may 
          CAUSE AND PREVENTION.       29

regain his equilibrium,  or agreement  with
gravity.
   In general, we  do  not take  account  of
gravity through any action  of our minds.
We  learn about it in  childhood by many  a
hard bump on our heads, and  not a few
bruised bodies.   In that way it  became  a
perfect habit, — so perfect, indeed, that our
bodies respond to the most gentle hint  of
gravity, and thus  we are protected.  It has
become so common with us  all that we do
not  think about it,  even when it is highly
important that we should do so.   If we go
upon the edge of a high  cliff or lofty build-
ing,  and  become  dizzy, we do  not always
think that gravity has become offended, and
that  it is the cause  of this peculiar sensation.
Yet, if we would reflect, we should perceive
that  fear had become an adjunct of the mind,
and caused the body to shrink away from the
line of rest, and that gravity now interposes
its authority to draw us  away from danger
by this significant warning of dizziness. 
30
SEA-SICKNESS.
   Fear in the mind dulls the fine instincts of
the body, and the mind is deprived of cor-
rect information.   In this way the delicate
hints of gravity, which are the natural safe-
guards, are disregarded, and the body is un-
wittingly led into absolute rebellion to gravity,
and is really the victim of  fear.  Further on
we shall have occasion to say more about
fear, as it is an  active and vigilant enemy at
times, and shall be duly unmasked for your
benefit.
   It  must  be quite apparent  that gravity
brings the man into subjection to its require-
ments by regular stages  of progress, when
possible — the first being its  external warn-
ing,  followed by the  internal  reaction  of
the fluids which completes the demoralization,
— and thus the government becomes a wreck.
Each  stage leaves a chance for the man  to
correct his error, if he will.
  I have spoken thus at length on the nature
of gravity, because its methods of action are
apparently  obscure   in  the  minds of  the 
CAUSE AND PREVENTION.       31
 greater  number  of people  who are very in-
 telligent upon other matters.   Moreover, it
 is only through this ignorance that sea-sick-
 ness has baflied the observers  of the past,
 and  practically  controlled  the human  race
 since the world began.
                  ©
   But the question  arises,  how has it done
 so?  The answer is, when I am on the ocean
 my  centre  of gravity  is  moved  from its
 accustomed place by the incline  of the deck,
 occasioned by wave-action on  the  ship.  My
 mind is  unprepared for this  change.  It  is
 occupied by observing the  new and strange
 surroundings, of  sea  and  sky, and vessel,
 and does not pay attention to  the  demands
 of gravity.   Fear defined, or undefined, en-
 ters the mind, and lends a hand in  the pre-
 vailing confusion; nausea sets  in,  and  this
 warning  is not understood, and prostrating
 sea-sickness will  follow apace  unless I yield
at once to the dictates of gravity,  which  has
at  this   point  become   pretty thoroughly
offended. 
32
SEA-SICKNESS.
  But precisely how am  I to  do this ?  We
will  see.  When I am on the land if I do
anything which disturbs gravity,  I resist it
with muscular  tension,  and this  is  proper
there, and restores harmony.  On the ocean1
I naturally, from long  habit,  attempt the
same thing, but here it is all wrong.   Gravity
is the same on both sea  and  land; but if I
resist on the ocean, the effort is at once nul-
lified by the moving surface.   I  feel the con-
flicting  influence of  two opposing  forces,
gravity  and wave-action,  and both are abso-
lutely irresistible.   Therefore, before I can
become  at ease,  I must yield obedience to
both these powers, and the only way left to
do do this is to relax  my muscles.   This I
can  do  by the  simple  determination  of my
mind; since, as we  have seen,  the muscles
are truly and entirely under mental control.
My  body  instantly  becomes  pliant,  and
yields to both the overruling powers.
  When the muscles  are held in  tension,
by which  the form is  maintained  erect, and 
         CAUSE AND  PREVENTION.        33

the bodily movements are made sharp  and
decisive, the weight  of the  body is distrib-
uted among all the  muscles.    Each  sup-
ports its part,  while  at the same time,  like
pressure upon  a coil  of wire, tension makes
each muscle a spring.  This gives an elastic
step, which is the  characteristic of  the most
approved gait  for land.  This habit cannot
be  transferred  to  the ocean.   Gravity  and
the  motion  of the  sea  absolutely forbid
it.   Gravity and the  ocean  both compel the
use  of  muscles  in   dominant  relaxation.
They must and will have loose muscles.   If
you try to evade  this, you will surely  pay
the penalty, which is  sea-sickness.
  We will see  how this dominant relaxation
works,  and what  its mode is of producing
such a  revolution  in  such an  easy way.  I
have stated above what  tension does,  and
how it  disposes the weight  of the body.
We  find that relaxation  acts  quite as  effi-
ciently in another way.  It places the weight
of the  body in the feet.  It  becomes abso- 
34
SEA-SICKNESS.
   lute  ballast for the body,  and thus  leaves
   the upper parts of the body light, and in a
   perfect  condition  to obey gravity with  no
   resistance.   The  true  line and centre of
   gravity is perfectly accommodated by a pro-
   cess the exact opposite to that in use  upon
   the land.   When relaxation takes the weight
   to the lowest part  of the  body, the  same
   thing is done for the body as we perform in
   placing ballast in the hold of a ship, and it is
   for the same reason in both that gravity may
,  be thus accommodated.
      Such is the nature of sea-sickness that if
   a person when on the sea is  able, either con-
   sciously or unconsciously, to yield passively
   to the varied demands of the forces  that  act
   upon him, he finds no discomforts.  But if
   he persists in doing as  he  would upon the
   land, he finds two forces  warring in his mem-
   bers.  His muscles, hard  to  their  utmost
   rigidity, are trying to hold the particles, both
   fluid and solid, of his internal organs  in one
   place, while the motions  of the vessel and the 
CAUSE  AND PREVENTION.        35
attraction of gravity are continually drawing
them to another place.  Between these forces
the poor victim becomes a sorry wreck, and
giddiness,  nausea,  and sea-sickness close  in
upon him, and he  becomes  a prisoner with
tortures  which must be felt in order to be
understood.
  It will thus  be seen that  the perfect and
only remedy for sea-sickness is  relaxation  of
the  muscular  system, fully comprehended
and  diligently  practised, until it  becomes a
habit.
  This process of holding the muscles loosely
is as easy as that of tension.   Indeed, it  is
much easier, only, as it is a new habit, it re-
quires a short season of attention to its exer-
cise  in order to fix the  habit, or to change
from one to the other with ease.
  If your  mind is  fairly convinced without
any  lingering doubts or uncertainty, all im-
pediments  will  disappear and the  habit will
be yours at once, —and so perfect will it be-
come that your body will be guarded in its 
36
SEA-SICKNESS.
slumbers with equal care as when you are
awake.
  A  comparison of  motions on  land and
sea will familiarize your mind with this sub-
ject.   When I walk up  and  down, and
around  the  sides  of a  hill which  inclines
at an angle of thirty degrees, I feel  no in-
convenience  in  consequence of  this  sharp
incline.   I am  not  dizzy,  nor do I  think
about gravity.   If I analyze my motions, I
find that in the ascent I leaned  forward with
the upper parts of my body.  In the descent
I lean backward.   In  moving round the hill
                          ©
I shorten the leg on the up-hill  side, and
lengthen the leg on the down-hill side.   This
is what we  all  do under relaxation of our
muscles, and it is all performed by an auto-
matic process which has caused us no con-
scious thought.
  When on shipboard I find the vessel roll-
ing, my motion to  accommodate this  is the
same  as that  of passing around the sides of a
hill, and when the ship pitches,  and tosses up 
CAUSE AND PREVENTION.       37
her bows in mounting a sea, my motions are
the same as in going  up and  down  the  hill;
therefore these movements arc not wholly new
to me ; and, if no fear has crept into my mind,
I can perform them without much embarrass-
ment.
  There are, however, motions produced by
the ocean swells which are so widely different
from  anything  experienced on land,  and so
highly imporant that they require a detailed
description.  The swell  is by  far  the  most
dangerous  motion which we  meet.  These
swells themselves are  generally known  as
tidal.  They exist in all waters which ebb and
flow.    They  are  present and  extremely
effective for mischief  to  our land-trained
bodies on a glassy sea.   They are increased
in magnitude but unchanged in regularity by
winds.   They  may  be  seen,  a  spent and
dying  force, as they roll in upon the beach.
On  the  blue  waters  of  the  broad  ocean
they are the very ideal of majesty, and the
mind   unconsciously  receives  their  steady 
38
SEA-SICKNESS.
and measured semblance of breathing as evi-
dence of life.
  These swells are smooth and lengthened
                                  ©
masses of water. They are undulations with-
out progress. Their altitude is various, some-
times hardly noticeable, and without a ripple or
fleck upon their surface.  Winds act on them
quickly, producing ripples,  increasing  the
ripples  to white caps, and then tossing  and
tumbling them  into a wide expanse of danc-
ing,  flashing foam crests; or the wind  may
become a gale or tempest, when all  in view
is one  vast roaring and tumultuous mass of
chopped and broken  swell and threatening
billows.  Such  are some of the surround-
ings in which you will  find yourself upon
the ocean.
  Mark the contrast  between the  calm  and
changeless land you have left and this  restless
surface, on which you are to learn to find a
quiet and comfortable home.
  The  ship before  she leaves the wharf takes
in ballast, which acts upon her in the same way 
          CAUSE AND PREVENTION.       39

as the leaden ball upon the plumb-line.   The
dash of the waves and the action of the swell
destroys the state of rest induced by gravity,
and moves the ship out of its true line.   The
frantic effort of the ship under the pressure of
her ballast to restore her  equipoise produces
peculiar  motions, which are made noticeable
by the changing incline of the deck.   These
motions  are the true  seat of our difficulty,
and it is, therefore, necessary to explain them
with some degree of detail.  A ship pitches,
rolls, lurches, rises  and   falls   vertically,
staggers,  trembles,  takes on a  permanent
list, and makes other less  important motions.
All these are subject to varying degrees of
intensity.   There  is  no  such thing  as  a
simple motion of a ship;  all are compound,
made up of two or perhaps  the whole cata-
logue given above.   Every addition increases
the complication of  the  resulting  motion
which acts upon our bodies.  The pitch, roll,
and the  vertical  movements are  a  constant
compound.  The lurch is occasional, but hard 
40
SEA-SICKNESS.
to bear, as it is irregular, — produced by a
glide of the ship out of her true course as she
passes  diagonally downward  to the hollow
from the top of a swell.
  The  vertical, or  rise and fall, occasioned
by the  tidal wave, or swell, is a part of every
movement, and is the most to be feared.  It
is ceaseless and new; the land affords to us no
parallel.   It causes in us the feeling that the
ship will  never  cease  moving  upward, or
downward, unless  we  resist with all our
might.  This we do involuntarily with muscu-
lar tension, although we cannot but  perceive
that our opposition reacts upon ourselves in
the same proportion to the force expended.
The muscles become rigid, or tense, and this
resistance results in certain sea-sickness.  To
prevent this,  or  cure  it, if it  has acquired
foothold, we  must  make  use  of the precise
opposite to tension, which is its perfect anti-
dote ; namely, relaxation or non-resistance,
which is simply a pliant, supple  condition of
the body. 
          CAUSE AND PREVENTION.        41

   This vertical motion,  from its  force  and
 constancy, is the underlying element among
 the  motions that act with  the  most potent
 power in producing sea-sickness.  It may be
 illustrated by the common swing, with which
 its motions  are  very nearly identical.  To
 make  the illustration quite  complete,  the
 ropes for the swing should be about twenty
 feet in length, thus giving a long  sweep,
 which is a glide upward and downward.  So
 long  as we use muscular  exertion to extend
 and  prolong the  sweeps  we experience  de-
 light ; the  swing becomes  one with our body,
 and the harmony is complete ; but if muscular
 force is used  in resistance to it nausea will
 result.  I  need only  to  insert  " ship"  in
 place of swing,  and you  have the whole
 matter open before your mind.
   The most obvious and  demonstrative de-
 rangement to  the  body  occurring  in  sea-
 sickness makes its appearance in the frontal
region of the body, including the thorax and
abdomen.   When the vessel rises the  muscles 
42
SEA-SICKNESS.
of this region pull in resistance downward;
when the vessel sinks  to  the  trough of the
sea they pull upward, thus producing a con-
tinuous  churn-like  motion.   This has  the
same effect upon the contractile walls of the
stomach as if an emetic was acting therein,
while at  the same  time the movements act
with great  efficiency upon all the  fluids con-
tained within the vessels of the body.   The
involuntary  system does not  wholly escape
this  widespread influence,  as  we have  the
diaphragm  somewhat involved, which  gives
its notice in the sensation of suffocation.  The
blood is irregularly distributed, some organs
becoming surcharged,  while others are  de-
frauded, and a whole host of symptoms  arise,
more or less obscure, but  none the less per-
plexing,  but comparatively overlooked  be-
cause less, obtrusive than  others which have
the ability to make their troubles known in a
very disagreeable manner.    For instance, the
stomach, which has had the very unenviable
credit of being the seat of the difficulty, and 
          CAUSE AND  PREVENTION.        43

 has had  to do penance for this suspicion, in
 getting rid of horrid mixtures placed there to
 cure the suspicion.  It is pretty nearly the
 same with the innocent nerves, or some special
 groups of them.  These have had to undergo
                                         ©
 the torture of paralyzation or drunkenness for
 deeds which they were in nowise guilty.
   The cause herein made apparent does of itself
 suggest its own remedy.   Tension or resist-
 ance being  plainly the cause producing all
 the complications, we have  at once the true
 antidote in relaxation or non-resistance.  It is
 the old, old  story,  ever  being  repeated,
 "cease to do evil  and learn to do well."  If
 this is thoroughly attended to sea-sickness
 will be impossible.
   If by any chance you become careless, and
 through neglect of practice  the muscles are
 not properly trained, and sea-sickness steals
 upon you almost unobserved, you must stand
 up and relax your  muscles until your feet
 seem to you like lumps of  lead.   This Avill
restore conformity to  gravity.   Then walk 
44
SEA-SICKNESS.
about as best you can with your clumps of
feet, which of themselves will compel you to
assume a  loose, swaying motion.   By this
exercise, unity of force will be recalled under
tne correlative  principle, and you will find
yourself master again.
  If your mind has failed  to  comprehend
perfectly the  full importance of its charge to
hold the body in relaxation  during slumber,
and you find yourself awakened with nausea,
you  may be certain that  your body has been
resisting motion while you  were  in sleep.
You must then relax  your muscles to  the
utmost, and hold your body clearly away from
contact with  the woodwork  of your berth.
This will  bring you into  agreement with
gravity, as you will then  find that your body
is lying very close to the bed, and will appear
to you very heavy.  If you desire to know
the immense difference in apparent weight
between a body in tension or relaxation, only
try the experiment of lifting a body from the
floor in tension and in relaxation.  That will 
CAUSE  AND PREVENTION.       45
 convince  you of what  seems to be a foolish
 vagary, and will cause  it to  become a  con-
 scious fact.  The exercise  which is to recall
 your muscles to the orderly unity may be
 performed  by  sharply  clinching your  fists
 and relaxing them in alternation.
   A careful investigation of the facts herein
 presented, and treated  by your  mind in its
 own independence, together with experiments
 upon your own person as you have the favor-
 able  opportunity, cannot  fail to impart that
 confidence of belief  which will wholly banish
 anxiety as to the effect of sea-going, while it
 is still in contemplation ; and will secure the
 undisturbed  rule  of your  mind over  your
 body while on the ocean, whether in storm or
 calm.
   It is an ancient axiom that the human body is
 a world in miniature, — a counterparted  uni-
 verse, embracing all its elements, and subject
to the same laws.  The system we have been
considering furnishes a striking illustration of
         ©                 ©
this  as being a matter of fact.   The power 
46
SEA-SICKNESS.
of gravitation forms  the basis of order and
stability for the universe;  it also performs
the same  office  for  the human body.   We
have been accustomed to think of sea-sickness
as the result of  some specific or peculiar de-
rangement of one, or, at most, a few organs
of the  system, as, for instance, the stomach
or some single  system of nerves, or  some
group  of  muscles, whereas we find that the
whole  universe  of the body is thrown into
complete  chaos or disorder by our voluntary
disregard  of the laws to which it is subject. 
                  PROOF.
          " To the law and the testimony."

                    in.
     PROOFS OF THEORY DRAWN FROM
               OBSERVATION.
  If the foregoing rationale of sea-sickness
is true, it must apply to the various  condi-
tions  of all persons who go down to the  sea
in ships.   These  consist of two  classes, —
the sailor, and the traveller.
  We will  first  consider the sailor.   His
business lies  on  the  sea,  and he  finds no
hinderance in his labors from the evils which
afflict  the landsman on  its  ever-moving sur-
face.
  From what cause, or whence comes his  im-
munity ?  Wo  must accord to him the same
physical organization  which is the natural 
48
SEA-SICKNESS.
heritage of our race ;  yet he appears to hold
a charmed life.  It is  not explained by exam-
ining his food, clothing, literature, or organ-
ism, for they do  not  essentially  differ  from
the landsman.  He has a style and action of
his own.  How does  this happen? He  was
born in the rural district  of  northern Ver-
mont,  on the hills of  New  England,  and
shared  his boyhood  with his brothers  and
playmates, who still  linger around the old
home, and are similar in all respects to other
landsmen.  He has left his home  in the high-
                                       ©
lands, and taken his position upon the sea, at
twelve years of age,  and has  followed  this
vocation for twenty years.  He  now stands
before us a marked character.   In speech, in
walk, in every motion, he seems as  if  tied
together loosely with strings.   The articula-
tions of his body  seem to the casual observer
to take him  to a  new  order.   He  has  a
brother  by his side who has not been on the
sea at all.  These brothers are now so widely
different that  an  Agassiz would almost class 
PROOFS  OF THEORY.
49
them separately.  And  yet, if we examine
closely, we find only  a  difference in educa-
tion ; and  this not from books or system, or
even study in which the mind was the chief
factor.  It has come to him from the exigen-
cies of his vocation.  His motions have been
compelled  by the ocean, his voice  by cul
tivation in  competition with the " sounding
sea" and the  boisterous  winds.   He is edu-
cated for the sea, and he tenderly loves it as
his home.   All things he has found  useful
                   ©
there he dearly prizes.   He even exaggerates
their value in very pride.   They  are viewed
by him  as  accomplishments, and he displays
them on the  shore; and they are never left
behind by him wherever he goes.  They do
seem odd to the landsman, but they are an art.
It is according to strict  science.   Divested of
its pride and exaggeration, it is the necessity
for the ocean.  It is what you have been told
in part II. of this work.   It is predominant
relaxation formed into a  perfect habit.   The
loose articulation of the sailor's body is due 
50
SEA-SICKNESS.
solely to his habit of using his muscles in re-
laxation.   It  is his pride  and  love  which
has superadded all the oddities which so
mark  and, as  is said, mar  the man's appear-
ance when he becomes a sailor.  All this is
needless, as we can have all the sailor  pos-
sesses without such outer action.  It is this
habit which enables the sailor to perform his
duties  on  every  part of the ship,  aloft or
below, in storm or calm.  It is the only thing
which can enable any one, whether sailor or
landsman, to adapt his  body to the changing
and unsteady ocean surface.
  The sailor has really been a walking school-
master since time began to teach men the true
requirements of the ocean;  but men with eyes
have seen  it not.   It has  been chiefly from
this school I have received my  education and
my degree.   In  the  long  course of my in-
struction I have been mulcted in large sums
                                   ©
as tuition, and still larger  sums  in fines and
penalties, which have been  faithfully paid in
the coin of sea-sickness in all its phases. 
           PROOFS OF THEORY.         51

  It was while lying snug and close in the
corner beside the scupper-holes, and about as
near dead as alive, that thought became  ex-
cited by seeing three sailors  upon a yard at
least forty feet from the deck, their feet resting
upon a loose rope running  along  just  be-
low the yard, — and it was against this yard
their bodies leaned.  They were indifferent
to my torture.   They appeared  happy, —
they talked and laughed.   One was mending
a rent in a sail with a needle; one was ty-
ing and retying some ropes;  one  in fixing
some chafing arrangement;  and all this time
           ©      ©      7
they were swaying through the air by the roll
of the ship, not less than seventy-five feet,
and in constant motion.   They did not notice
it.   They were as much at  home there, to
all appearance, as  if on deck, while I  was
cribbed, and crowded into this dirty corner in
order to  hold myself together at all.   Here
is  something truly worthy  of envy,  and  I
took a good dose, and  it revived me.  It
stimulated  thought,  and  musing  over   my 
52            SEA-SICKNESS.
wrongs, it flashed upon me that those  sailors
have a  method  which I need  and which I
must have.  But there's the rub ;  how am I
to get it?   As for science, that was far from
me  then.   Gravity,  relaxation,  non-resist-
ance stood in my mind about similar to some
Papuan  dialect, so far as  this difficulty was
concerned.
  At length imitation came to my rescue.  I
next attempted to ascertain if this peculiar
accomplishment of the sailor was an art com-
ing within the scope of my powers to master
by simple imitation.   This formed the woof
of many an hour of brain  labor.  At  length
the opportunity came,  upon a wet, boisterous
night at» sea, to try the  experiment.   Sea-
sickness was already looming up before me as
inevitable, unless some friendly power should
come to my rescue.  In fear of the ever-pres-
ent ridicule attendant upon any  appearance
of sea-sickness among passengers, I slipped,
unobserved, into a  dark passageway  of the
steamer, and there began my rehearsal of the 
PROOFS OF THEORY.
53
 motions of the sailor.   I had a good concep-
 tion of the part, and my swaying body would,
 no doubt, have created fair applause if on the
 stage.  I  had no sooner come fairly to the
 true inwardness  of the character I was  per-
 sonating than, lo ! my internal organs ceased
 their riot, and sea-sickness disappeared.
   I was surprised.   I could not at once real-
 ize the  situation.   I doubted my own senses.
 I had desired just such a thing, but I placed
 no real hope in  any such result.   I walked
 and turned and moved about, but not a  sign
 of my late trouble appeared.  Calm took the
 place of excitement, and thought assumed its
 work.   I changed my  motions  to my usual
 gait, and only a few  moments elapsed before
 ominous notice reached me of trouble ^pro-
 gress, not to be mistaken or unheeded. Again
 and again I repeated these changes with  like
 results.
   From that time (now many years ago) to
the present the sea has had no  power over
me to cause me to be sick, during my waking 
54            SEA-SICKNESS.
hours, unless at the command of my mind for
the sake of experiment and confirmation.
  My experience by day after this  was all
that I could desire.  I very soon found that
the sailor exaggerated his motions, and that I
            ©©
could bring the  desired result by no special
or obtrusive  action.  But I still had trouble
to some extent in my berth.  Nausea would
come upon me and I would be awakened by
it.  For a time I remedied this by rising and
walking about with my new-found sailor-legs.
At length I noticed that when I was awakened
by nausea my body would be found pressing
hard against the woodwork of the berth.  I
fancied  (but I did  not then know) that this
had something to do with my nausea.  I  ar-
ranged  my bed-clofriing  so  that I could not
roll against the  sides or ends of my berth,
and  I  found it  made  a  difference  favor-
able to my comfort.   It was at this point
that I obtained my first clew to the cause of
sea-sickness;  still  at  the  time I was uncon-
scious of such a fact.  I never wholly became 
            PROOFS OF THEORY.          55

 free from nausea during sleep until I had fol-
 lowed  out  the  clew,  and the principles  of
 resistance and non-resistance, or tension and
 relaxation,  become the applied science of my
 ocean life and motion,— since I belong by con-
 stitution to the class  of persons peculiarly
 liable to continued sea-sickness from begin-
 ning  to the end of my travel upon the water.
   Encouraged by this measure of success, I
 continued   my  investigations with,  renewed
 diligence, not confining my observations  to
 the water,  but directing  my thoughts to  the
 land as well.
   Facts unfolded themselves to me on every
 hand, that  muscular resistance was  a force
 which, unless narrowly watched, could occa-
 sion  our  bodies serious inconvenience and
 trouble,  and  that  knowledge  concerning it
 was essential to have in  aid  of our comfort.
For  instance, I  noticed  that nausea is  often
occasioned  by the  motion of stage   coaches
and  steam-cars  and swings, and numerous
other conditions, and all of them  have their 
56
SEA-SICKNESS.
rise in muscular resistance, the same as sea-
sickness, and in like  manner may  be  made
to cease.
  In many directions I hunted  this ground
over, and much game was bagged, which, if
described, would fill a chapter curious but
unnecessary  here,  but which  fortified my
theory.
  When we turn from the sailor  to the host
of people who make only a chance  acquaint-
ance with the  sea, we find so great a differ-
ence in their manner  of accepting its condi-
tions as  practically to divide them into two
classes:  those  who  are always free from
sea-sickness, and those who invariably suffer
from it.
  The first of these classes constitutes  about
ten per  cent, of the  whole number.   If we
observe them closely, we shall see that they
are easy in disposition, quiet in temperament,
and at once adapt themselves to the motions
of the ship.  Their  motions  are  slow and
rounded. 
PROOFS OF THEORY.
57
   The noise of the machinery, the work of
 the ship, the hammering of the waves, make
 no impression  on them.  They sit and read,
 or move about and  converse,  with  perfect
 indifference to the change in their  surround-
 ings.   In walking we find that they instinct-
 ively place  their feet wider apart than when
 on land; and,  if they  come near  any fixed
 object, they do not catch at it to steady them-
 selves.
   When  they  sit down it is not with des-
 perate energy, but as  if sinking to a place
 of rest.   In short, all their motions are very
 easy and  moderate, and they conform them-
 selves to the general laws of non-resistance
 applicable to the ocean.  From  this class we
 may  learn  the  same lesson taught by  the
 sailor, since the comfort attained arises from
 unconscious harmony with the ocean motions.
 They  yield  naturally to the power which im-
poses new and strange conditions upon them ;
 and by relaxation of muscles  become non-
resistant,  and thus safe from sea-sickness. 
58             SEA-SICKNESS.
  Probably about twenty-five  per cent, of
the  remaining  ninety per  cent, of  ocean
travellers suffer comparatively little.  They
all  have  the  incipient  stages,  sometimes
lasting for thirty  or more hours, and  lose
their appetite for a time before they yield to
the government of non-resistance.  It is in-
teresting to watch  in this class of passengers
the changes which come over their motions
in passing from resistance to non-resistance,
reminding  one of a  dissolving view.   The
        o                    ©
discomforts of the first few hours gradually
subside;   little by little they  take on  the
movement of the ship, and sway as it sways.
Precisely in the degree in  which they accom-
plish this, comfort is secured.
  Others from the ninety per cent, succumb
entirely at the commencement of the voyage ;
but, becoming in  part non-resistant, are  re-
warded by freedom from  illness in fine wea-
ther, although a storm renews  their  suffer-
ings.   At  least ten per cent,  of those who
seek the  sea for health, business, or pleasure 
PROOFS  OF THEORY.         59
suffer much  from the moment of  embarka-
tion to  that  of landing.   Even the sight of
the water from the wharf gives them a fore-
taste  of future misery.   They are painfully
sensitive to trifles, to which the mass of peo-
ple are  indifferent.   The want of harmony in
sounds, and daintiness in  objects, rasps and
frets.   Their motions are angular, their steps
uncertain; they grasp convulsively at fixed
objects, as they  move  about.   Their whole
effort is towards resistance, and they suffer a
most grievous and dangerous penalty.
   Both  the sailor and  the traveller confirm
the truth of the theory  advanced,—that re-
laxation of the muscles is the perfect and only
prevention of  sea-sickness, and the  only
remedy when it already exists.
   That  this is so, may be made still more
plain by the following considerations : —
   There are three factors to be taken into ac-
count in solving the problem of sea-sickness,
— gravitation, the ocean, and the human body.
The first two are unchangeable and irresisti- 
60
SEA-SICKNESS.
ble;  but the  human body has  wonderful
powers of adaptation to the influences which
are brought to bear upon it.
   When these  three factors are brought into
close relationship,  and antagonism arises be-
tween them, the human body, being the only
one capable of change, must adjust itself to
the  other powers  to secure harmony.  We
have seen  the  method  by which  it may be
be  done through the intelligent use of man's
             ©           ©
bodily  poAvers.   Every sea-going vessel, with
its burden of passengers and crew, illustrates
all  the  phases of sea-sickness, or of exemp-
tion from its sufferings, and shows the rea-
sons for both conditions.
  The  reader may  thus easily assure himself,
both by his own experience and that of those
around him, that the statements I have made
are true.
  He will also  find  occasion to wonder that
the thread of ignorance which has held the
sea-traveller in  thraldom for ages is so slen-
der, and may be parted so easily. 
RELAXATION.
         " Our remedies oft in ourselves do lie,
          Which we ascribe to heaven."

                    rv.
  RELAXATION  OF  THE MUSCULAR  SYSTEM
     CONSIDERED IN ITS GENERAL USES.
  A thorough understanding of the princi-
ples involved in  relaxation of  the  muscular
structure is of  immense  importance  to  all
who seek relief from the  exhaustion occa-
sioned by  an  overtasked  body or brain.
They apply to all the methods by which en-
tire change  in such cases are usually sought.
  The perfect equestrian  can spend day and
night in the saddle.   He  obtains the exhila-
ration of   swift  movement  with  so  little
fatigue as to have upon the system  the effect
of rest.   To accomplish  this,  however,  he
                           61 
62
SEA-SICKNESS.
must yield so absolutely to the movement of
his horse  as to justify the ancient fable of
the centaur.
  In carriage-driving it is the same.  Ease
           ©        o
is  only obtained by so perfectly  accepting
the motions of the vehicle, as to become  one
with  it.   Even the friendly rocking-chair
does not give its votaries the full measure of
delight unless the  occupant is obedient  to
this law.
  Precisely similar in its  demand  is  the
ocean travel ordered by the physician, in a
large class of disorders ; and if with the pre-
scription he would give the necessary instruc-
tion respecting the method to be adopted in
carrying it out, he would be rewarded with al-
most invariable success. As it is, the time and
money expended often afford very inadequate
results,—sometimes are lost  in  failure,—
and again prove  worse than useless.  Only a
small percentage of  ocean health-seekers are
improved to  the  full  measure of  expecta-
tions. 
RELAXATION.
63
  Since  sea-voyages are recommended  by
skilful physicians,  after  making a  careful
diagnosis  of the patient's condition,  it has
been a mystery that such varied effects should
have  resulted, starting, as  they  do, under
almost  identical  conditions.   Our  theory
furnishes an explanation.
  When a physician recommends a sea-voy-
age to his patient, he desires for  him such a
change in all the conditions  of his  life as
shall have the effect of absolute repose.   He
takes into account freedom from the  daily
friction,  from whatever cause it may have
come ; an unaccustomed climate and  diet; a
succession of new objects for the eye ; of new
sounds for the ear;  of  new interests  for  the
mind.   It would  appear as if these must be
all-powerful;  yet they are far  from prov-
ing so.
  ©
  A  single enemy  often  neutralizes  their
effects, and makes the physical discomforts of
the passage more than a match for their salu-
tary influence. 
64
SEA-SICKNESS.
   The application  of our theory enables us
to perceive why some  persons who  try the
ocean for recuperation  are immensely bene-
fited, while others  are  not helped, and  still
others are absolutely injured.
   The explanation lies in the various degrees
in which the different classes are affected by
sea-sickness.   Such as yield  easily to  the
ship's motions do so by relaxation ;  and  this
affords perfect rest, and the power to appro-
priate  the  healing  influences  offered  them.
The  second class,  being unable to do this,
can obtain no  rest, and, therefore, no  relief.
The  third  class are really injured,  because
they do not accept  the  conditions,  but main-
tain a steady fight on the ocean, and become
exhausted by  the conflict, and return to  the
land worse than when they left it.
   I trust the reader will not fail to see, that
this principle  of relaxation of the muscular
system has a prominent place in the common
occupations of life.   It applies  not alone to
rest,  but also  to  activity.   It  underlies 
RELAXATION.
65
achievement in every  department, when a
true and  steady hand,  or an  accurate  brain
is required.
   No man can  become  certain of hitting his
                                      ©
mark with firearms, except he uses his mus-
cles in  relaxation.  The most delicate lines
of the engraver are alone possible by this use.
The most  perfect  success of the surgeon in
his exquisite tasks, is assured in  the  same
way.  The brain works more expeditiously
and felicitously under this rule of relaxation.
   As a  remedial agent  it affords relief from
derangements  which  baffle  the  physician's
skill, and render the patient miserable.
   Undoubtedly, we make  sad errors  in the
use of tension, under the mistaken idea that
superabundant  life is superabundant  health
to the body.
  Probably, in eight cases out of  ten, ex-
cessive  use of  tension is the true mechanical
cause of insanity.
  If we were not compelled by sleep to cease
the use  of tension, as the commander of our 
66
SEA-SICKNESS.
body, we should all become insane.   What
we  commonly characterize as a level head,
means  much more  than a vulgarism.   It  is
one who holds his body in equilibrium  as to
tension and  relaxation.   It holds in the ex-
pression a delicate truth.  Please look upon a
healthy body in slumber, and see the long, slow,
and  steady respiration.   This is but  an elo-
quent tribute to  relaxation as the commander
which induces this pleasing state upon us.
  It does not detract from the dignity of our
bodies to call them  machines  or engines,
which they so perfectly similate.  Life is the
motive   power,  tension  the  throttle-valve.
The nerves  are  the steam-pipes  leading  to
the cylinder.  The muscles are the machinery
of motion.  The supply of life is unlimited.
We  have the control of the throttle-valve.
We  may run at twenty or eighty miles an
hour.   The latter rate of speed  brings mo-
mentary danger and chances that  the engine
will jump the track, and then comes a crash,
a wreck!   In our bodies this is called in- 
RELAXATION.
67
sanity.   On  the  railroad we call  it an acci-
dent.   It should  be  called  neither,  as  it
should not occur at all.
  Not the least among the uses of the ocean
is its office of acting as nature's own alembic
in  rectifying the air of our globe, —the vast
space which  may seem to the  thoughtless as a
dreary waste and loss,  and of no use.   But
these apparently silent solitudes are far from
being in idleness  in the world's great  econ-
    ©                           ©
omy.   The  vital aliment which sustains life
requires just these  conditions.  It is  there
where the essential element for man's very
existence on this planet  is made pure, and
free from the contamination, that has be-
come  amalgamated  with  it,  while  pass-
ing over the land.   On the ocean,  decay
is  not  contributing elements  of  pollution.
Offensive odors,  so plentiful in and around
our large cities, do not there exist.  Thus it
is that the ocean  becomes a healing fountain
                                 ©
of living waters, suited for the health-wrecked
landsman, where  he may repair his damages 
68
SEA-SICKNESS.
with some degree of hope.   The supply of
this health-giving pabulum is  boundless  and
free  upon the ocean,  but not  elsewhere.
Unlimited wealth is powerless to command
equal conditions  upon  the  land.   The  ele-
ment of danger which formerly existed is no
more to be feared.
  The frail human plants which abide in the
greenhouse temperature, and  vitiated  air of
their gilded palaces in  the great  cities, are
but poorly fitted as the  Adams and  Eves of
a continuous, progressive  race.  They per-
haps better simulate blossoms cut in alabaster.
Yet these may hope, with  good reason,  that
contact with the  ocean may bring the  ruddy
glow of health, and command vigor, vivacity,
and  a richer endowment  of physical  life.
There is no lack or stint in the supply.   The
physician  is perfectly conscious of  all this.
He has vainly desired to make it available to
his  fading patients;  but  the lion  of  sea-
sickness  has  ever  stood in  the  way,  and
quenched  his  generous  aspirations. 
RELAXATION.
69
   In attempting to  investigate  the  cause  of
sea-sickness, I presently learned the impor-
tance of relaxation as one of the factors, but
before I could make use of it intelligently I
was obliged to  ascertain  its nature, power,
and effect.   My field  for  this examination
was necessarily my own experience.   I found
that when I was tired, oppressed, and ner-
vous, sleep could not be coaxed to my relief
for hours.  My  mind,  in  spite of my will,
would work on with the speed  of lightning.
It would repeat the events of the day with
painful detail, or the books I had been read-
ing  with verbal accuracy,  or the trains  of
thought with which  I had been occupied  in
an unbroken and endless  series.  But when
I commenced my experiments with muscular
relaxation  this  riot in my  mind  at  once
ceased, and all became  calm and restful.  I
could fall asleep almost  at my will.
  Nor is this control of the muscles through
the ascendancy  of the  mind  difficult of  at-
tainment.  On the contrary, it is quickly and 
70
SEA-SICKNESS.
easily achieved, nothing being needed but a
clear perception of the process.  By it, when
used  on  shipboard,  perfect  rest  may  be
obtained by  all who desire it, and days of
health-promoting  enjoyment,  may  be  fol-
lowed by refreshing slumbers, sweet in itself,
and efficacious in its preparation for  joys
and duties to come. 
DIRECTIONS.
           These do but scotch the snake,
           They do not kill it."

                    V.
  HINTS TO BEGINNERS IN OCEAN TRAVEL.
  If the system I have endeavored to explain
has been fully mastered in practice as well as
theory, no nausea  will be  felt by  the most
delicate ocean traveller.
  If, however, in consequence of an idea that
a knowledge  of its principles  only is suf-
ficient  until the  moment of need, or  from a
lack of belief in its efficacy, or the pressure
of many duties, it  has been postponed, and
but imperfectly  understood  and accepted,
great  care will be required to ward off  an
attack  of sea-sickness  until time shall have
been gained in  which to make up  the  defi-
ciency.
                         71 
72
SEA-SICKNESS.
  Except relaxation of the muscular system,
nothing is  so productive of  good  as ease
of  body and  tranquillity  of  mind.   To
secure this,  business  arrangements  should
be completed and banished from the mind as
subjects for care or as a disturbing agency.
  When  going on shipboard, and for a time
previous, no  change in diet should be made
as to quality or quantity.   It is a mistake to
alter  or  much  interfere  with any habit  we
have, be  they good or bad, on the eve of a
voyage, as it disquiets  the body and unfits it
for new conditions.
  It is desirable to go on boacd early enough
to arrange the state-room, which should have
been  carefully  chosen, so as  to secure  the
most  quiet and the least motion;   also to
learn all the ship's peculiarities, and  arrange-
ments which can affect  the  comfort of  the
voyage, before  the vessel leaves the wharf.
Extra bedding should also be secured.
  The hurry of last moments, the worry over
articles left behind or mislaid, the regrets of 
DIRECTIONS.
73
leave-taking, the despondent feeling of  help-
lessness, caused by  the  unaccustomed and
strange  surroundings,  and  rendered  more
acute by a too active imagination picturing
future inconveniences and dangers.  Every-
thing, indeed, which disturbs the mind invites
illness and makes it more  intense.   On  land,
all  this  results in headache,  often almost
unendurable.   The sea  does not furnish ex-
emption  from the penalty imposed for thus
overstraining  the  system,  but  it  is  quite
liable to  add to it nausea besides.
  Warm clothing, with extra wraps for deck
exercise, are imperative.  With them even an
invalid can enjoy the  fresh air and a touch of
the salt spray.
  A  simple  diet promotes  digestion, and  is
conducive to sleep on land; it is still more so
on  the  sea.    Eich sauces  and  gravies,
puddings heavy with  fruit, pastries  flaky
with lard, too great variety of dishes, and an
unreasonable amount consumed, are fatal to
comfort anywhere. 
74
SEA-SICKNESS.
  Wisdom dictates a degree of self-denial at
all times, and makes speedy returns for it in
augmented comfort; especially is this true in
a sea-voyage.
  At night the bed-clothes  are  to be  so
        ©
arranged and tucked in, that the body will
not be inclined to roll  and rest against the
woodwork fixtures,  sides  or ends  of  the
berth, and thus acquire a basis for the body
to make resistance during its slumber.
  Before rising in the morning some coarse
             ©               O
bread, or  cakes  made from  graham or oat-
meal which will  require  vigor  in  masti-
cation, together  with a little milk or tea,
taken slowly, will  be  appreciated by  the
stomach.
  Rise leisurely—first raise the head, rest-
ing it on the hand and elbow.  If your head
feels at all confused you are to remain just as
you are a little while, and this sensation will
disappear; then follow up the movement in a
quiet manner.    Do  not by any  means make
use of  any violent or even quick  motions in 
DIRECTIONS.
75
 making your  toilet,  as  such might  cause
 serious complications and trouble.
   These directions, intended only for begin-
 ners in ocean travel, may appear trivial;  but
 nothing is  really so which adds to, or detracts
 from one's powers  for  usefulness  or enjoy-
 ment.  They are here given in the hope that
 by their successful observance strength will
 be obtained to put in  practice the  principles
 presented  in this  work.   These  directions
 alone  must, in  the  nature of things, be in-
 adequate to furnish you the security you seek.
 There you may find  by  diligent  study of
 other parts of this work, where  will appear
 abundant reasons why this is so, in  the broad
 and undeniable fact, that the ocean is an
 element which  is under  the strict  dominion
 and imperious rule of  non-resistance; and it
 will be folly for any  one  to expect immunity
from  suffering, except through obedience of
body and mind to its requirements. 
HABIT.
        " How use doth breed a habit in a man."

                     VI.
            HABIT ILLUSTRATED.
  In  the gradual development of mind and
body, which changes the  child into the man,
and  decides  his  character  and  capacity,
habit  is  so  important an element that it is
entitled  to  some consideration so far as it
affects our subject.
  Essentially, habit is the method of repeti-
tion by which a uniform rule of action, either
mental or physical, is established.  An action
which may be  at first irksome or even pain-
ful, will, if persisted in, at  length become
involuntary.
  A habit once formed becomes the property
of the niind; and though not in constant  use
                         76 
HABIT.
77
is never quite lost, but may be recalled when
needed.  The aggregate of such habits forms
               ©©  ©
the sum of the man's effective capacity for
the performance of  his various and manifold
duties in life.    They  are his drilled  and
efficient  troops  which are his  reliance for
immediate engagement.
            © i©
  A  simple  fact will illustrate this point.
Suppose  that in the study of music I  have
practised  fifty  separate  tunes until  I  have
mastered their performance,  and  committed
them  to  memory.  As I have acquired these
airs I have dismissed them, one by one,  from
the present  attention of my  mind,  and the
power to perform them has become a passive
habit.  If now, I go to the piano and desire
to play " Sweet Home," the notes of that
air alone, of all the fifty which I have learned,
recur to  my mind,  and my  fingers  readily
strike the appropriate keys.    The passive
habit  is thus  called  into activity, and if it
were  formed originally under diligent prac-
tice, the effort now to reproduce it, even after 
78
SEA-SICKNESS.
many years of  passivity,  is  comparatively
easy.  It is the same with muscular opera-
tions of all kinds, and is  substantially  the
ruling element in our life-work, whatever that
may be.   If  the habit be  but indifferently
formed  by clumsy or  heedless practice, and
it  falls  into disuse, it  may be recalled with
more or  less difficulty.   In this respect, it is
similar to any other education, — as indeed, it
is  nothing but  education, — and, therefore,
subject to like rules for acquisition.
   In the formation of a habit, the mind must
first comprehend what  is required to be done,
and then the  muscles must  be  trained to
carry out its directions.  In the  illustration
above,  the  notes  of  " Sweet Home" were
easily read and understood ; but in reducing
them to  practice, my uutrained muscles, like
those of  a child on first essaying  to  walk,
refuse to obey the mind's directions.   It was
a  tedious and  difficult task,  which  could
only be  accomplished by persistent effort.
Little by little  the  muscles  learned their 
HABIT.
79
duty under the careful guidance of the mind,
until the keys were touched with skill, and
the arduous task was changed to a pleasure.
  It is upon  the power of habit to  control
the muscular action of the body that we must
place our reliance to effect the prevention of
sea-sickness.  This is caused, as stated else-
where  in this work, by the use  of land habits
of motion upon the water.  We have also
seen that  those persons who are constantly
upon the ocean form a habit, which is proper
there  and which saves them from suffering;
while those who are but partially accustomed
to the  sea are  usually sick from a lack of the
proper habits.
  It would  be very easy to learn the right
method if the actions to be performed were
altogether new.  But, unfortunately, the task
required is to  do the same things which have
been done on the land in a different way; or,
in other words, change the habit of a life-
time.    This  statement  seems  to  imply a
serious difficulty, and  would almost  appear 
80             SEA-SICKNESS.

hopeless.   Yet it  is really  simple, though
requiring  at  first  diligent attention.   The
motions for the land and sea are precisely the
same, except that they are made by a different
application of the  same power, the  muscles
being used in relaxation instead  of  tension.
If we were compelled to watch each separate
motion in order to  cause it to be non-resist-
ant, the labor would be very  great.   But we
have only to  comprehend mentally the  gen-
eral  principle  of   loose,  swaying motions,
which  are the  product of relaxation, when
the whole government of our  bodies will
become changed for the sea, and we can soon
compel our muscles to make this their habit
of action.  I do  not, in laying  down this
rule, ignore the fact that all motion of the
body is the product of action  and reaction of
tension  and  relaxation;  but preponderance
may be given to the one or the other  of these
opposites at the option of the mind.  If ten-
sion be the desire,  the mind  imposes the im-
pulse upon the body, and the whole  body at 
HABIT.
81
once becomes firm  and elastic, and the feet
will appear to rest but lightly upon the floor.
On the other hand,  if relaxation be the need,
the impulse  is given, and all inclines  to  a
pliant  and placid state of body.  The feet
now feel  exceedingly heavy.   They seem
almost to  stick  to  the  floor,  and  we  are
obliged to sway our bodies from side to side,
that the feet may move forward.   If we did
not sway our bodies, we could not move for-
ward  except by dragging our feet along the
floor,  when we make the process up to the
maximum of relaxation.
  We thus see that by the practice of these
two forms of motion until they yield due
obedience to orders, we may fit ourselves in
the privacy of our homes to travel with com-
fort upon the ocean  ; and when habit is once
enlisted in  behalf of our new  departure,  it
will be as great an  assistance as it was  a
hinderance while  opposed to  us.   When by
practice we can easily give preponderance to
relaxation, all our  motions  will  come into 
82
SEA-SICKNESS.
harmony with the requirements of the ocean,
and habit will seal them as its own, by mak-
ing them involuntary. Even if comparatively
uriinstructed  as  to the general principles of
the muscular action,  we need have no confu-
sion  or fear, as we have  always at  hand an
unfailing test as to the quality of our motions
in the lightness  or  heaviness  of our  feet.
This will be a sure guide for correct practice,
or actual service.
  It  may  appear absurd to  some  of my
readers to say  that  one  can make his  feet
heavy or light  at his pleasure.  They may
ask,  is not the sum of man's avoirdupois all
centred in  his feet, if he  be standing?  It is
so ; but there may be effects produced by the
agency of gravity which  will so modify this
fact  as to cause  it  to  appear entirely the
opposite.   If I place the body of  my  car-
riage directly upon the axle, and ride in it
over rough roads, the jar  will be intolerable ;
but if I  place a spring between the axle and
the body, I am conveyed in comfort.  I have 
HABIT.
83
not altered the avoirdupois of the vehicle; I
have made no change in gravity, but I have
introduced a mechanical  power  which has
subdivided the  shocks  into  minute  atoms,
each one being so small that I do not heed it;
and I say  in common phrase  that the shocks
are removed by the spring, when  in fact it is
only subdivided, but still  remaining.  So in
speaking  of light  or heavy feet, I do not
mean that the  weight  is increased  or di-
minished,  but that the method of the pressure
is utterly  changed by the manner of manipu-
lation of the  muscular power, and the effect
is as obvious as that of the carriage. 
CAUTION.
                " Sleep, oh, gentle sleep,
    Nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee,
    That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down,
    And steep my senses in forgetfulness."

                    vn.
           A WORD  OF CAUTION.
  For the system presented in the foregoing
pages  I am  in  nowise  responsible.  I  have
only  pointed out natural  laws,  and  made
known their application; I  have  invented
nothing.  It will, doubtless, appear extremely
simple, and  such indeed is  it  in  theory.
The reader,  however,  will commit a grave,
if not a fatal error,  if he  believes  himself
master of it without  the practice necessary to
render it available to him.
  I have spoken of practice as an element in
connection with this  system  of supreme im-
portance.  Practice  in  this, as in all action,
          84 
           A WORD OF CAUTION.         85

is  the true parent of habit, and habit is the
mode by which the  body attains perfect mo-
tions.  By this method  the body becomes  a
master-workman  in whatever it does.   Any
new thing which requires an exercise of mus-
cular power,  needs in  some degree to go
through the performance of learning a trade.
A Lord  Chesterfield, or a Louis XIV., did
not become the masters  of bodily motion ex-
cept by diligent and persistent practice in all
the  trivial details.   All delicate trades re-
quiring skill must  come to perfection by the
same universal rule.  Very few sailors were
born such.  They have  come to their present
perfection through  practice alone, not by the
aid  of mind, but the same as  a child  learns
his  motions.  This admits of radical change
in the method of  learning this trade,  which
is that  the mind  shall  take charge of the
body in this  respect, and cause it to do  its
bidding, and thus  by the  use  of intelligent
direction make an open  and direct path to the
end we  seek,—which  is that  of  using our 
86
SEA-SICKNESS.
muscles the same as the accomplished sailor
does.  This will  be seen, by what has been
said in previous  pages, to  be  practical and
easily  within  the  compass  of every  one's
powers.   Of course,  all will not  learn with
equal  facility.   Any  physician  who  has
studied the human body thoroughly will be
able at once to cause his muscles to obey him,
and will become a natural sailor at will.  But
his facility for this  came through the practice
of his mind  upon  the nature and powers of
his muscular organization.
   The subject we  are considering involves
the principles of  muscular administration for
two separate and distinct conditions.   One is
for the land, — and this is conducted upon the
principle  of force,  or coercion, or still better
by resistance, — the  other  is for the ocean,
and is based upon the opposite  principle from
that of the land,  which is non-resistance.
   That for the  land we all understand from
our childhood;  that  for the ocean has been
in  use for all past time, but  its  principles 
A WORD OF CAUTION.         87
have been  practically unknown among men,
and is so to this day.
  The executive  principle alone permissible
upon the ocean is relaxation of the  muscular
powers;  or,  in other words,  non-resistance
must  become the natural state of the body
during its ocean sojourn.
  This is to be brought about by the use of
the same muscles which have  been  educated
upon the land to the habits of resistance.
  It will now be seen that the apparent sim-
plicity, which  seemed  so  complacent,  has
given place to a problem which requires care-
ful attention.
  Our muscles  are  required to learn a new
trade.  They must  do their work in an unac-
customed manner, but they are apt scholars.
If the mind,  which  is their natural tutor, sees
clearly what is  required, this problem will be
quickly solved.  It will  set the  muscles to
their lesson of  practice, and will watch them
and hear recitations with the most assiduous
care ;  and  it will  not allow them to graduate 
88
SEA-SICKNESS.
until they can pass its strictest  ordeal of ex-
amination, to  the end that the mind may be
perfectly satisfied that it can rely upon them
alone in any emergency.
  This accomplished, the  man  is  fitted for
the wildest fury of  any  ocean;  nor is  he
absolutely secure until this is done.
  The use of this repeated  exercise is, first,
that the muscles be made to do a new thing
                                         ©
in an easy and  natural way, and,  secondly,
that the mind may become convinced of their
ability to obey its orders, and thus freed from
all  doubts or care concerning  them.  The
value of practice consists greatly in its being
an  antidote to fear or any of its  numerous
family, all of which have much to do with the
comfort and health of the body while upon
the ocean.
  A familiar illustration will show somethino-
                                         ©
of the  method by which  fear acts  upon the
body. Suppose a plank raised six inches above
the floor;  I can walk or  run  across it with
the same  ease  as  if it  were  on the floor. 
A WORD OF CAUTION.        89
Place it now fifteen feet above the floor, and I
cannot now cross without positive  danger.
Fear will demoralize my muscles  and render
them  unreliable, and they become useless to
me.   But if the plank is raised two feet, and
I cross it slowly  and quietly, until I become
accustomed to that height, and then the plank
is raised  four feet and I repeat the process, it
may be thus raised to a great height without
causing dizziness in crossing it.
      o                  ©
  Practice  assures the mind and renders it
confident by removing fear from it.
  If at any time during my performance upon
the plank it had shown signs of weakness, or
inability  to convey me  safely, my  mind would
have exercised caution, and this  might  have
taken the radical form, which is fear.  In the
form of  caution I should  have stopped  and
examined the  plank and its foundations, and
seen that all was secure.  In the form of fear,
(which- is only intensified caution,) I should
have become  anxious,  and probably dizzy,
and perhaps have  fallen.    It is the prov- 
90            SEA-SICKNESS.
ince of the mind to guard the body from ac-
cident and harm; and  the  whole family of
fear are engaged in this  particular duty.  The
sane mind does not allow  its  body to visit
doubtful positions  without providing some
member from the family of fear as  its con-
stant  attendant while engaged in such  enter-
prise.  Fears are qualities and conclusions of
the mind ordained for the protection of the
body, and therefore strictly legitimate.  They
are always on  duty  in some degree during
wakefulness,  and, under  certain conditions,
also in sleep.
  Ordinarily, men can hardly be said to sleep
perfectly.   That implies entire relaxation of
the voluntary muscles.  Usually there is left
on  the  mind some form of  responsibility
when passing into  slumber; this  requires a
basis in the nerves and muscles, and it signi-
fies continued care and direction  over them
by  the mind.  If this charge is unimportant,
sleep is comparatively profound.   If  the
charges are many and  important, sleep  will 
A WORD OF CAUTION.         91
become less and less perfect as their numbers
increase, until it is rendered unrefreshing.
  We are all, more or less, acquainted  with
this  fact:  for instance, if we charge our
mind with the necessity for awaking at four
a.m. for an early train, when our usual  hour
is seven a.m., we shall usually  find that our
mind has proved an excellent time-keeper dur-
ing our  slumber.   But this  has only  been
accomplished  at a certain expense to our
nervous and  muscular system.  If we  form
such style of  awaking into a regular habit,
there  will be no apparent  loss of power  to
continue such habit, which  will be done with-
out any  conscious charge upon the mind.
Thus do we form automatic habits.
  The more nearly we make the relaxed con-
dition  of our bodies habitual,  during our
wakefulness upon  the ocean, the more per-
fectly will  our  mind  be   able to take care
of  our  bodies in  sleep;  and  the   more
perfect  our  sleep  is, the  more  abundant
will be the  recuperating influence upon our 
92            SEA-SICKNESS.
physical organs, and  general  health  in all
respects.
  No one should be in the least  discouraged
if he fail in his first attempt in the use of this
system.   Let such one  merely redouble his
diligence  in the practice of sea-motions, and
they will become as fixed as the old.
  Possibly some of my readers may think
themselves unable to practise this relaxation
of their muscles, but the absurdity of this
idea may be easily shown.  We may see upon
any vessel men who are passing from  sea-
sickness to a state of comfort.   We observe
that this is done  by changing muscular  ten-
sion to  relaxation.   They do  this uncon-
sciously, having never been instructed in the
matter; yet the  process is perfectly accom-
plished.   Can you plead inability to perform
consciously, and with the knowledge of its
necessity, that which is done unconsciously by
those who are unacquainted with this science ?
  A single  paragraph  on a previous  page
speaks of medicine as a disturbing power, 
A WORD OF CAUTION.         93
which has no  place in sea-sickness, except to
injure.  I would not change that direction in
the least.   I  am  quite aware of  the  strong
desire of some people to  take much medi-
cine,  whether there  be reason or  no reason.
If there be any good reason for  using it I
have  not the  least  objection in general dis-
ease ;  but in sea-sickness there is no disease.
The victim's  organs are  healthy.  No com-
pounds from drugs can do other than injure
him !   The  sea-sick  man needs knowledge ;
that alone  is  his requirement.   There  are
recommendations extant to use drugs which
stupefy the body.  This is insane  treatment.
The effect of such medicines is to deprive the
patient of a portion of his life to  the  extent
of barely saving  some life at  the  end  of the
voyage.  When  such patient  lands he  may
bid farewell to comfort, as  his body will  be
but a jingling  mass of discords.
  Relaxation  has  the pleasing  power  to
reduce superabundant inflow of  life to  the
fullest extent desirable, and this works with- 
94
SEA-SICKNESS.
out drugs, and in true accord with the infinite
laws which rule in the body.  You can make
no mistake in this, as it violates no  principle
in our organism by which we live ; but more
than this, it is the very source of health and
true comfort to the body.   If you fail  to
understand the  full import of these instruc-
tions, you must  call upon  your physician.
It is his profession to know  all  these things.
He  has acquired it by technical and method-
ical  study  of the phenomena of the human
body.   For this service you may  well  afford
to reward  him  liberally, if  you  are unable
otherwise  to understand  your  duty.   The
physician has acted  honestly  by you in this
matter in the past.   He has  had no theory on
which he could  rely  with  confidence, and  he
has said so in all his books.  You have known
this to be  so ; the consequence has followed
that the physician has  had little to do with
this grievous  difficulty.  He will henceforth
be able to supply your needs.  Sea-sickness
must ever remain  an inexorable  condition 
A WORD OF CAUTION.        95
with such as continue in ignorance  of their
duty.  Natural laws will not change.
  The physician is the natural storehouse for
any information concerning the human body.
He knows exactly how  to govern his  own
muscles; he can inform  you if the necessity
arises. But this understanding you must have,
however you may obtain it, or  you need  not
expect immunity from suffering.
  As to the discovery of this knowledge, a
word upon it may  interest you.  The single
word " imitation," so innocent of any signifi-
cance at the  time, ultimately proved the key
to the whole position of sea-sickness.  It gave
me  control,  but not the knowledge.  This
control enabled me to seek out the knowledge
by careful study of effects.  I could say to
sea-sickness, "So far you may come upon me ;
but if you pass such or such bounds I can
check you by the use of the sailor's art."  I
was thus able to get true reports of the  pre-
cise doings in my body.  Such  a thing  was
wholly impossible without this control.   The 
96
SEA-SICKNESS.
victim in ordinary is unable  to  give  correct
statements of his sensations.  He is hors de
combat.   The  disorder  is  not  stationary a
moment;  it is progressive.   The whole feel-
ings are liable to utterly change  in a  few
moments.   A  large  army in actual  battle
represents the  body in a state of sea-sickness
better than anything I can name.  One group
of muscles after  another fall out of line, or
are made  prisoners,  so that  the mind loses
it's power of command over them.  This con-
trol, which imitation of the sailor gave  me,
enabled me to call a  rest in which I could
survey the field and calculate.
  As I look  back over the ground, I  am
unable to see how sea-sickness could ever have
been made clear, unless control was first given,
so that the observer could study it from  his
own sensations.   The effects  do  not point to
the cause ; that is invisible and intangible, and
apart from the body.   Sensations do not show
it to us.   These were facts to be found out.
It looks easy  enough  now, but it was mid- 
A WORD OF  CAUTION.         97
 night then.   The simple control did not give
 me so much as a tallow-dip of light upon the
 cause of sea-sickness, but it made the ground
                                    ©
 secure to stand upon,—and only that.  The
 person  who  by  nature is exempt from sea-
 sickness, could not arrive at true conclusions
 concerning it by any study within his power.
 What he would  see  at one moment  would
 wholly change the next.   Sea-sickness has no
 fixed methods which  disclose  themselves  by
 uniform symptoms.    It  does not organize
 itself to any specific  mode of  action.  Its
 demonstrations are  fickle,  changeable, and
 inconsistent with  order.
   A  modern house  is furnished  with   all
 articles  of virtu and elegance, spread out upon
 mantels and tables, and bestowed in tempting
 display  in its rooms.   If we should tip this
 house half-way over  to one side,  and then
 creep into the rooms,  we should  surely find a
 scene of  disorder.    We  could   form   no
opinion  how  that  scene would appear if we
tipped the house a few feet more.   If  wc 
98             SEA-SICKNESS.

should tip the  house over  to  the  opposite
angle we should have confusion confounded.
But this house, as an illustration of a man's
body in sea-sickness, cannot  be said  to exag-
gerate that condition.   When studying  the
effects of sea-sickness  in  the human  body
one finds all things there to conspire in mis-
leading him.  His hopes will be aroused at
times almost to  a  certainty, and  the next
instant they will  be dashed  into total dark-
ness.   Such are some of the conditions which
have met the observer in his  search after this
ignis fatuus of the ages, and  have effectually
baffled him and delayed this  knowledge.
  The author has  insisted much upon  the
necessity of such practice as he has described.
He is still more anxious to  caution the reader
against that  spirit of unbelief which would
close the mind to evidence  on this  subject.
After six  thousand years of progress  the
power of falsehood is still wonderfully stron^.
It intrenches itself in the mind,  and through
the will throws up an effectual barrier to  the 
           A WORD  OF CAUTION.         99

entrance of  knowledge.   Men still  " love
darkness rather than light," to their own dis-
comfort and  loss.  Ignorance, however,  on
this, as on all  other subjects, is doomed to
pass away.  Every day some shadow vanishes
from the intellect, giving place to the light of
truth.   A scientific knowledge of the material
universe is constantly increasing, and  the
words of the old Latin poet are being veri-
fied :—
"Happy the man, who studying nature'slaws,
  Through known effects, can trace the  secret
       cause" 
THE STORM.
                      " Our doubts are traitors,
    And make us lose the good we oft might win,
    By fearing to attempt."

                   vm.
              STORM LESSON.
   The empire of  mind over matter has been
 actively asserting  itself  and  extending its
 domain over  new provinces, with remarkable
 energy for the last  hundred years.  Each
 new acquirement smooths the way for further
 conquest.  Some departments of the ocean
 have  been studied with great care and  as-
 siduity for long periods of time.   Great dis-
 coveries have been made as to its physical
geography;  and,  so  far as  navigation  is
concerned, the time  has at length  arrived
when the ocean has become one  vast high-
way,  as safe- to the  traveller as  an equal
distance upon the land.
                        100 
STORM LESSON.
101
   In earlier periods all good roadways  on
 the land were turnpikes, barred by toll-gates ;
 such obstructions  have now mainly  disap-
 peared.   The  toll-gate  of sea-sickness has
 continued to exist  on the  ocean, but is now
 to be removed, and a free pathway opened.
 This is to be accomplished  by the conquest of
 mind over  the opposing  forces of matter.
 This must be legitimately done.  There must
 be no attempt to  subject  the mind to will-
 power or psychological influence, or any trick
 of logic, as anything of this  kind would be
 swept away  by the first blast of a storm. The
 purpose of this work is to  set forth facts as a
 foundation for the mind to rest  upon, and
 thus establish the man in the command of his
 own body, so that there may be  no ^errors to
 dread from  sea-sickness, in storm or calm,
 during his ocean sojourn.
  I have in general only spoken of ordinary
experiences  at  sea.   It is  very difficult for
the landsman to form any clear idea of  what
he will meet as he  faces a  storm for the first 
102
SEA-SICKNESS.
time, yet he should attempt to do so in order
that he  may  not be  surprised and over-
powered.
  The task of describing the wild fury and
turmoil of a storm at sea is one to wrhich I am
wholly unequal, although the scene  is per-
fectly familiar to me.  Words are inadequate
to picture  the ocean under  the  power of  a
fierce wind, with the ship tossing  violently
on its surface.   The land affords no  similar
scene  from which to  draw comparisons,
although the same omnipotent power is felt
in the fires of the volcano, the shock of the
earthquake, and the resistless blast  of the
tornado.
  The  storm at  sea is a wholly  new  ex-
perience  to the  landsman.    Every  move-
ment of the ship is  strange.  Every sound
conveys to  him a sensation of danger ; and it
is against this  terror that  the mind  needs to
be fortified with knowledge, in order to rise
above the terrible din  and turmoil into the
security of a clear confidence. 
STORM LESSON.
103
   We  find as the ship enters a storm-circuit
 on the  ocean that everything loose upon the
 ship assumes wings ; hence all movable objects
 are made fast, or else  they Avill be  thrown
 from side to side with such Aiolence as  to
 destroy them,  and  unless  wTe are  able  to
 assume the limp condition of a bag of meal,
 our bodies Avill  be  treated with  no more
 respect than any other movable.    If  a plate
 or tumbler is  left upon the table  Ave shall
 hear it  crash against the sides of the room, a
 mass of fragments.    If we rise from  a chair
 which is not secured to the floor Ave  do not
 find it in its place the next moment, but may
 seek it at the side of  the cabin, minus a leg,
 perhaps.  If we attempt to go on deck, Ave
 are forbidden so  to  do  unless a  life-line  is
 made fast to our bodies and then fastened  to
the ship, that we  may not be  Avashed over-
board.  Thus equipped, we goon deck, AA'here
all things are firmly lashed.  The deck itself
is a pool of Avater.  The air is filled with fine
salt spray, Avhich penetrates our eyes, causing 
104
SEA-SICKNESS.
them to smart.  We are almost overpowered
by the strange sounds, Avhich are all new to
us.   The officers are obliged to give orders
through trumpets,Avhich sound discordantly to
our ears.  The standing rigging of ropes gives
forth tones  on  the  ceolian  principle,  but
altogether unlike anything of the  kind on
   ©               *.     ©
land.  Now it is a sudden shriek dying aAvay
into  a plaintive Avail, to be caught up  again
with another cry of agony that fairly beggars
description.   Other noises  meet  our  ears
from the ship,  indicating the strain on all its
structure.   We feel the deep shudder Avhich
runs through the Avhole fabric of the vessel as
          ©
she strikes against the almost vertical Avails
of a  roller wave,  pressed forward  by  the
wind until it has  become too ponderous  and
must break.    The  shock sends a  mass of
water high in air, and  it covers the deck like
a vast mantle.  Presently Ave see (if we see
at all) a big roller, higher than the bulwarks ;
and iioav if the  ship is in the right position as
to the Avave, a great mass of Avater Avill slide 
               STORM LESSON.           105

from the  top of it to the vessel's deck in a
solid body like a section from Niagara Falls.
We  shall realize the value  of  the life-line,
as we have  a mighty river on deck, Avhich
Avill  roll this and that  Avay  until it escapes
through  some ill-fastened  door  beloAv,  or
through the scuppers.  The noises on a ship
while undergoing the ordeal of a storm are
           ©   ©
fearful, and to the inexperienced seem pande-
moniac.   Aside from the sharp Avhistling  of
the rigging noted aboAre, Ave have the most
Aveird and  unearthly sound imaginable, —
iioav  a crash,  anon a groan, a tremor, a stag-
ger,  a monster sledge-hammer stroke  upon
the ship Avhich is felt  in  every timber, and
a  settling doAATiward  as if the  ship  Avere
bound straightAvay  to  the  bottom.    In-
deed,  it  is  quite impossible  to  name and
characterize the variety in this carniAral  of
strange sights  and  sounds Avhich are forced
upon the  senses  of the preternaturally  ob-
servant landsman, and Avhich  fill him  Avith
dismay. 
106
SEA-SICKNESS.
   Without correct knoAvledge it is not strange
that he is overcome, as fear is lurking behind
every unexplained sound or movement.   He
has  no  intelligent  reason  for  reposing
confidence in the stability of the vessel.   He
does  not reflect that  storms have  always
existed, and that the genius and experience
of man  have  so contrived this Avonderfully-
constructed  vessel  as  to  provide  against
danger  from  the sources he  iioav contem-
plates, and have rendered the fabric safe from
any real harm.   He does not observe that the
officers and sailors are calm, and take all this
riot  as  a very commonplace matter.   He
does not reason that these same officers  and
sailors have accurate knowledge of the  ship
and  its  poAvers, and that their  lives are as
SAveet to them as his is to himself.   He does
not  note  that  both  the  officers and sailors
move about at Avill, and stand on any incline
of the deck Avith equal facility.   He does not
see that their feet have a peculiar affinity for
the floor, somewhat  like a ffy upon the Avail, 
STORM LESSON.
107
 as  if stuck there at their option.   His mind
 is only open to his oavii personal concerns,
 and he is so far under the influence of fear as
 to  keep Avhat little reason or  knowledge  he
 may  have  had in  the  background,  and  a
 paralysis of his powers gradually steals over
 him.
  It must be evident to any one that under
 the conditions here described, and Avhich Avill
 be  recognized  as  only  modestly stated by
 any who are conversant Avith the ocean, that
 the  only thing  in  Avhich  the sailor and the
 landsman differ is in the degree of knoAvledge
 they possess ; both must be physically alike.
 This  study  does   disclose  an  anomaly—a
 curious  fact — which  is  that  the sailor  is
 enabled  to  act upon a truth which he does
 not  comprehend.    His  motions  are  scien-
tifically correct, and yet  they  are produced
without  the use of his  reason.  It is this
intuitive perception on the part of the sailor
of the quality of motion required of him for
the ocean, that has enabled  him to make use 
108           SEA-SICKNESS.
of it as  a higlnvay during all the  ages  that
are past.
  It is quite probable that the reader may be
confirmed in the commonly-received opinion
that some people are born to be sick at  sea,
that others are not, and that sailors  belong to
the latter class,  or they  never Avould choose
that as a vocation.   He may deem  it impos-
sible that he could  ever be freed from the
danger  of sickness  Avhen  Avind and  Avater
combine  to do  their Avorst.    But this is
altogether erroneous; sailors  and  landsmen
suffer alike from the same conditions unless
the one is  protected by his  intuitions, which
have become confirmed  habits, and  in  the
other by knowledge Avhich  Avill permit  him
the exercise of his reason, whereby he may
intelligently direct his body into the proper
motions.
  If I have familiarized your mind somewhat
Avith storm life  upon the ocean, and shown
the fallacious character of some of your fears,
my purpose in this  part of the work is at- 
STORM LESSON.
109
tained.   A  few additional words upon fear
and  its collateral issues, may perform  a ser-
vice  for you.   This is an element ever at
Avork upon the body.   Its effect is to induce
upon the muscular system a state of tension,
or resistance, and  this in  conjunction Avith
disobedience to gravity  produces  sea-sick-
ness.  Sea-sickness does not assail the body
naturally, except there  is fear in the mind as
a groundAvork.   The  immunitv from sea-
  ©                            v
sickness enjoyed by the ten per cent, of ocean
voyagers avIio are  never sick, is due unques-
tionably to their exemption from fear.  Their
bodies thus left in  complete self-possession,
are sensitive to the delicate action of gravity,
Avhich they instinctively obey. This  is all un-
conscious to them.   I  never found any one
of this class of persons Avho  had  a notion
even Avhy they Avere not sick like others.   It
is the same Avith the sailor.
  Fear, at  times, acts obscurely,  but it is
always  efficient.  I have reason to believe it
to be the interior although hidden spring of 
110
SEA-SICKNESS.
sea-sickness. I do not so affirm it, because I
am unable to bring obviously to your  vieAV
all  the complex mysteries  involved in the
proof.   It matters  not whether Ave are con-
scious  or  unconscious of its presence,  its
effects upon us Avill be the same.  It and  its
product are precise equivalents of each other,
hence the  degrees are correspondent: that is,
a frenzy of fear "will  beget a frenzied resist-
ance, or a rigid tension, and  this in  turn will
beget  spasmodic sea-sickness.   Fear  being
(as  stated  elsewhere) a  conclusion of the
mind, it can only be removed by the use of
reason and knoAvledge.   It  is Avell that this
link of fear in the  chain of  sequences Avhich
culminate  in sea-sickness should be broken if
possible,  as  it  detracts  greatly from  our
comforts ;  but it is  not absolutely essential to
be done, since Ave are able to destroy its pro-
duct, which is  resistance,  by the  simple use
of relaxation.  Resistance being also a link
in said chain, when that is  broken sea-sick-
ness disappears, having  no remaining  basis, 
STORM LESSON.
Ill
and leaving the body in true freedom to obey
gravity in  a normal manner.  All  this is
quite possible and practical even though fear
still lingers  in the mind.
  It has often been said to me, " I wish I could
become sea-sick ; I believe it Avould do me so
much good."  Such Avords  to  me, Avho have
been racked  by its torments, seem ridiculous ;
still if any such persons retain this desire they
may gratify it by the use of tension,  in pre-
ponderance.   Sea-sickness in this  Avay is as
easily secured as cessation  from it  is by the
use of relaxation.  I have been able to secure
either condition at my option for many years,
and I possess no poAvers Avhich are Avithheld
from  you in this matter.
  One  not   susceptible to  slight  causes for
fear Avill  find  it  difficult  to  superinduce it
upon himself in a degree sufficient to produce
tension and consequent sea-sickness ; but ten-
sion itself is at the instant command of the will.
  Sea-sickness has been studied by assuming
that effects Avere causes.   This method leads 
112
SEA-SICKNESS.
to an  endless  labyrinth.  The effects  em-
braced under  the  name of sea-sickness are
numerous, beyond  computation,  Avhile the
cause is single. When the voluntary muscles
are set free from their allegiance to the laws
of order proper to the  body, — Avhich is the
case  by disobedience to gravity, a riot ensues
in the Avhole body.  The individual members,
organs, and vessels  involved  are  far  more
numerous than the inhabitants of  any city.
This is what  facts  compel us  to see in the
body in  sea-sickness.   We can realize  Iioav
futile Avould be our efforts in stopping such a
state of  things by acting upon single mem-
bers.  The extent of confusion, and the A'ery
contradictory  character  of evidence attain-
able  from the  individual rioters,  has en-
shrouded this subject  in profound obscurity
for all past time.   Nor, indeed,  can wre see
anything but effects, until Ave  rise above this
chaos into the higher realms of causes.   The
               ©
method in use for governing this vast host of
individuals which compose the human body, 
STORM LESSON.
113
 is by tension and  relaxation.   The effect of
 tension  is to augment force.   Relaxation is
 soothing,  and diminishes force.  When the
 body  is  orderly,  these  methods  form  an
 arrangement similar to a barometer, regulat-
 ing the supply of life flowing  to the volun-
 ary system.  Above  these, and having the
 veto  over any disorderly proceedings  of
 theirs  is gravity, Avhich  is clothed  with the
 poAver to  paralyze and reduce to  order any
 riotous demonstrations.  This is Avhat is  done
 Avhen tension assumes Avrongful preponder-
 ance over the body, as is  the  case  upon the
 ocean, cliff, or lofty building.   The evidence
 of this, and  the effect of it, becomes visible
 in the  disturbance Ave call sea-sickness,  or
 dizziness.  The current of life floAving to the
                                   ©
 involuntary system is but slightly influenced
 by the mind.   But that coming to the volun-
 tary system is largely under the  control of
the mind.  The machinery (as stated above)
to regulate this supply is tension and relaxa-
tion.   These  act,  so to  speak, like gates 
114
SEA-SICKNESS.
admitting life to the  nerves.   The nerves
under violent and prolonged  use  of tension
have  the  capacity  of  transporting  vastly
greater volume of life  than the muscles  are
able calmly  to  appropriate.   This may be
continued to  the extent of  inducing insanity,
as violent tension opens wide  the gates  for
the inflow of life.   But the  more  common
denouement in case of  excessive tension is by
reaction,  when the  AArhole voluntary system
succumbs to a SAVOon, and then we have com-
plete relaxation.  This state  of things fre-
quently  occurs  in   spasmodic sea-sickness.
The SAvoon Avill  cause instant cessation of
sea-sickness, and Ave hear no  more  from it
until the patient has recovered from  his
swoon, and had time to regain the control of
his  muscles,  Avhen  he Avill  usually employ
tension again, and   sea-sickness "will recom-
mence  immediately.   This  forms  another
proof that tension is  the  cause of  sea-sick-
ness, and relaxation is its cure, and  therefore
under the perfect control of the will. 
STORM LESSON.
115
  It is, of course, the radical use of tension
which  forms  the basis  of  our difficulty.
When  the body  is under no special excite-
ment from fear, pain, or other cause, tension
and relaxation act as steady as a clock pen-
dulum, and Ave are quite  unconscious of any
preponderance.   Still,  if we observe Avith
care, Ave shall see that tension has a  small as-
cendancy over nearly  all  conditions  while
upon  the  land,  but in ordinary it is very
slight, indeed.   This is orderly and  promotes
health.  With  those who have  attained  the
perfect habit for  the  ocean, the  case is pre-
cisely reversed from that of the land. There,
a slight relaxed habit is  in the  ascendancy,
but it is so small as  hardly to be noticeable
in ordinary or fair Aveather.   But a change
in weather will induce an increase of relaxa-
tion, until  the whole body will become very
limp.  Beautiful  examples   of  this  whole
process may be seen among the class of per-
sons Avho are by nature exempt from  sea-sick-
ness.  But this class upon the  land  would  -*> 
116            SEA-SICKNESS.
be called lacking in muscular energy.   They
have no apparent nervous irritability.   They
do not open the  gate of tension unduly, and
are justly to be envied so rich a gift.   Their
exemption, however, has nothing  of the pa-
tent principle about it.  We can perform all
tnat. they do, Avhen Ave understand what that
is, as Ave can control our own actions.   It  is
desirable to divest  this subject of mystery.
I have  suggested  nothing in this Avork but
          ©o            o
what is common  to our daily life as the act  of
breathing.   All  can be proved by the  sight
or sense of any one.   It  is  not necessary
to think of a new thing as a mystery  Avhen
Ave have the  ability  in  ourselves to  prove
the truth of it.  It is a novelty that a man
is  fitted in his organism Avith  ballast, which
acts  in  all  respects  similar to ballast in  a
ship,—that it may be placed  in our feet by
our dominant use  of relaxation,  and in the
head, shoulder, and  arms  by tension, or
changed back and  forth,  or increased and
diminished in volume in  an instant of time 
STORM  LESSON.
117
by the simple impulse of the mind.  All this
has not been understood, but has  always ex-
isted, both on land and ocean.  It is  abso-
lutely  essential to man's well-being on the
land even, that  this peculiar movable bal-
last should exist in  the  body.  He would,
in its absence, be deprived  of many useful
things  noAV common to his  daily life, and
he Avould be forever barred from  the ocean.
This arrangement,  to  speak plainly,  is an
evasion of  the force of  gravity.  It is one of
the wheels Avithin a Avheel, to be found in the
body ;  but it is not a mystery, as we can ex-
perience its whole work readily.   If I give
tension  dominant command in my body, that
act, Avbile upon the ocean, does for my  body
the same thing as if I placed the ballast of a
ship upon  her hurricane deck.   Of  course,
she Avould be forced by gravity to  turn bot-
tom up.  The effect of tension  is  the  same
upon  my body.   It  is the effort of gravity
acting   upon  this Avrongly-located  ballast
which causes  the  commotion in and upon my 
118
SEA-SICKNESS.
body Avhich Ave call  sea-sickness.   If I re-
move tension from its command, and cause it
to assume a subordinate position, I shall have
relaxation in  dominance.  That Avill of itself
assume  control, and all this commotion and
turmoil will  cease.   This  is  so, because
gravity Avill be satisfied by this change in the
location of ballast, and rest is secured to  the
body.
  If you will carefully ponder these instruc-
tions, and habituate yourself  to  act  upon
them, the  fields  in  your mind, so  fertile in
production of  Avonder,  mystery, and fear,
Avill   be cleared  of  this  jungle,  and  all
Avill  become  light  in  the  sunshine  of intel-
ligence.   You Avill be as calm in  the' Avild
fury  of the   tempest  as  the  officers and
sailors  are,  you  Avill  draAv  your comfort
from  the same fountain as they do; and, as
you  will be free from the engrossing sense
of physical suffering,  you Avill  be  at liberty
to enjoy  the  unequalled  grandeur of  the
ocean  storm. 
STORM  LESSON.
119
  We  haA-e come to  the  end of our topic,
and also to the  end of  sea-sickness.   We
may hoav enjoy the anticipations of our youth,
and view Avith complacency the great  nryste-
rious ocean Avith all its  sparkling splendors,
and harbor neither fears,  dread, nor punish-
ments, since its terms  are  familiar  to  us,
and we  have accepted them, and propose
faithfuly to  abide their  conditions.   Free-
dom, enjoyment, and life-giving influence of
the ocean, this greatest portion of our globe,
is made over to us in  perpetuity.   The  deed
of conveyance is recorded,  and will never
become Aroid.  The title to this possession is
unquestionable, as it bears upon it the broad
seal of natural law.
  The motive which led  and sustained this
endeaAror has  been punishment inflicted upon
me by sea-sickness.   That alone  compelled
me to study in self-defence,—sea-sickness be-
came an offence unto me.  It assumed in my
mind the character of a personal enemy, who
had wrongfully  deprived  me  of  my  proper 
120
SEA-SICKNESS.
rights.  Those rights are no longer Avithheld
 ©              o             o
from me.   They have become  equally your
rights, and are for your comfort and enjoy-
ment.
    "And if we  do but watch the hour,
     There never yet was human power,
      Which could evade if unfor given
     The patient search and vigil long
      Of him who treasures up a wrong." 
NOTES.
   Life. — Mind. —Nerves.— Muscles.— Sleep.—
                  Citations.

                    IX.
              Note  1. — Life.
   In the use  of the term Life in this work,
I  mean that  invisible and intangible power
which is  present in the human  body,  and
w^hich is the  source of all motion and opera-
tion therein.   Science does not yet vouchsafe
an explanation  of it except from the effects
it  produces.   These declare it   to  be  the
source of all  power upon and in the plane
of matter.   Life is  believed to be spiritual,
the gift of an infinite Creator, boundless in
volume,  uniform in quality, and  free to all
things which  are so constituted as to be able
to  make use  of it.   Its endless   variety in
                               121 
122 *          SEA-SICKNESS.

manifestation is due  to  the combination of
matter, through Avhich it acts, and not at all
to any change in the quality of life itself.   It
is the source of force to the animal, plant,
and  mineral alike.   Life  flows into man's
body, and there a portion is delegated to his
control Avhich he may freely use in the pro-
duction of varying results.  Another portion
is Avithheld  from  man's  control, and it acts
upon  the body independently, and continues
its ceaseless work  so long as the constituents
of the body are maintained in their  orderly
arrangement and  integrity.    Upon  man's
orderly use  of this delegated life depends the
continuance  of harmony to his body and its
lengthened permanency.

             Note 2. — Mind.

  The mind is a spiritual organ, and is con-
nected in a mysterious way Avith the brain, in
which lies its centre of action.   By means of
its endowment Avith  reason,  memory,  and 
NOTES.
123
many other faculties, it is able to take cogni-
zance of the internal Avorld of spirit;  while,
through the bodily organs, it takes in knowl-
edge  of the outside world of matter.   It is
thus fitted to act as the governing intelligence
                      ©       o      o
to control and direct the body.
  Its province  is to act judicially and deci-
sively upon all matters brought before it.   It
hears  evidence,  Aveighs  it,  and  decides
according to the light it has, and the faculty
of reason.   It stands as umpire betAveen  the
noble and  Godlike faculty of  reason  and
the  selfish  senses  of  the body.   It is  a
court of last resort for the determination of
action.
  In  this  most important and responsible
capacity it demands our best care  in supply-
ing it Avith every possible facility  for educa-
tion and knowledge.

            Note 3. — Nerves .
  The nerves are the only means of commu-
nication  betAveen  the brain  and  muscles. 
124           sea-sickness.
They are endoAved with dual powers, and are
thereby fitted to become the agents by which
the mind (which is spiritual) is enabled to
act upon the world of matter.
  The  nerve substance is a modified form of
brain matter.   The peculiar plexiform ar-
rangement and relays for  special service are
most  wonderful  adaptations  of  means  to
ends.
  The  nerves, though material in substance,
are vehicles to carry the  forces of life and
intelligence from the brain, or  mind, to  all
parts of the body; and also transmit direc-
tions for their use.  Their analogue is to be
seen in the telegraph, in many respects, and
the mind makes such use of them  in its gov-
                                      ©
ernmental care OA^er the body.
  Life cannot  operate  in the  body  where
there are no nerves to convey it.  Sever the
nerves which pass to a leg, and  although  all
else  in that  limb still  remains intact it must
die.  Hence  the  nerves are protected from
injury  by the arrangement of their location. 
NOTES.
125
           Note 4. — Muscles.
   The muscles are purely material, and are,
perhaps, often considered as plebeian in com-
parison with the nerves.  This  is a mistake.
Nothing in the realm of matter is more noble
or excellent in quality or endowment.   They
are the first demonstrators of life to the eye of
sense.   They receive life and convert it into
force ;  and employ that upon the plane of mat-
ter.   Their structure  and arrangement me-
chanically, and viewed superficially, seem an
inexplicable tangle of crossing and interlacing
fibres without order;  a complete  chaos and
confusion.  But seen by the trained eye, they
are order itself, and far surpass all possible
ideals of science in their beautiful  adaptation to
the uses they are designed to subserve.   Con-
sidered chemically, their substance is  nearly
the same as that of the blood.   The delicate
vessels which make up the attenuated  fibres,
which together form the body of the muscles,
are numbered by millions; and, while each 
126           sea-sickness.
vessel appears a sentient and complete whole,
they are gathered into companies, and act to-
gether as separate  muscles.   Through  the
Avhole the invisible power of life inflows, and
is there changed into living force.   Through
this  instrumentality Life, Reason, and  all
spiritual  qualities are  manifested upon  the
material plane.

            Note 5. — Sleep.
  Few conditions connected with  the  phe-
nomena of the human  body are more inter-
esting to the student than that of sleep.  It
is a state  so  common that few  consider the
wonders involved in it.
  Until we obtain some degree of knowledge
                         ©              ©
of  the manner in which the body lives and
acts, the whys and wherefores connected with
sleep  are a  profound mystery  to us.   The
introduction  of  knowledge  respecting the  *
functions and order of  the  body and their
 maintenance  affords us  light, and discloses
 that sleep is an emergency that  must be  pro- 
NOTES.
127
vided for.  If neglected from  any cause the
body must sooner or later succumb to waste
and decay.  In the  season of sleep the volun-
tary muscles are off duty and. comparatively
idle.  They are now in a state to receive the
care and   nursing  needful to  repair  their
wasted  condition, and fit them for the tre-
mendous labors imposed upon them during
AATakefulness  by their  active taskmaster, the
mind.   We now see the wonderful provision
designed to meet this  emergency  in  the  in-
voluntary system which noAV has a free field in
which to perform its necessary work, and with
ceaseless activity refits and rebuilds the wasted
vessels  of  the voluntary  system.  The  labor
incident to this refitting process, when under-
stood,   is   something  fabulous  in  amount.
Consider alone the millions on  millions of
separate fibres or entities which go  to  make
up  the  substance of the muscles, and that
each one must have its appropriate attention.
Any lack will react with  pain and discomfort.
All this labor is performed by the force of 
128
SEA-SICKNESS.
 life acting through the tireless, involuntary
 system.
   It is only in sleep  this  labor can  be per-
 formed in true perfection.   No  one would
 think  of  repairing a  machine made  up of
 wheels within wheels Avhile the Avhole was in
 full motion.
   The  mind, being a spiritual  organ, cannot
 make itself tangible in the world of  matter
 without an instrument through Avhich it  may
 act.  The mind does not control the involun-
 tary system,  except slightly, by  sympathy.
 That system does not  become wary, but  the
 voluntary system is under the control  of the
 mind, and it may be forced  by the mind far
 beyond its natural  powers  of  endurance.
 The mind itself does not sleep ; it requires no
 rest;  it is not  matter, but spirit.   It  can
 think and reason, and Avhen the tired muscles
 give token of ovenvork, the mind  (if intelli-
 gent) will lighten their tasks and afford them
 refreshment;   if unintelligent  it has  the
poAver,  and may force the muscles to complete 
NOTES.               129
exhaustion, and this will induce sleep with-
out regard to the mind.
   It  will  now  be understood why  certain
charges  (alluded to  elseAvhere)  when  left
upon the mind to be performed during sleep
should interfere Avith the recuperating effects
of sleep.   It Avill also be seen that the mind
is the same when the  body  sleeps  or Avhen
awake.
   It is  well known that the body performs
many actions, which  are termed  automatic,
during  Avakefulness,   and  that these  acts
appear to be Avithout the care or direction of
the mind.  We sometimes call these acts second
nature.   It is not true that such acts escape
the attention of  the mind.  It is true that
many acts are so completely learned  that it
requires hardly any perceptible force to per-
form them.   Such acts do not cause friction-
and they appear to be the result of no mind,
action;  but it is only an  appearance.  The
mind is  watchful over all  the  labors  of the
body in wakefulness or sleep.   If the mind 
130            SEA-SICKNESS.
has learned the duty required of it, and such
thing is left as a charge upon the mind to be
done in sleep, it will be performed with the
minimum of friction upon the body;  on the
other hand, if the mind but partially  under-
stands the charge so imposed, the  friction or
disturbance to the body Avill be at the maxi-
mum.   This  enables us  to  see the  precise
value of practice upon the muscles in  order
to secure  comfort  in  our  bodies   during
sleep.
  The importance of good air during sleep is
very great.   Good air means a pure mixture
of eighty per cent,  nitrogen and tAventy per
cent, oxygen.   Nitrogen is the builder of the
body; oxygen is the board of health for the
body.   It clears away  all rubbish, and pre-
pares the ground to build upon.  Oxygen  is
not life, but it prepares for life.   It is said
that there are six hundred  million separate
rooms in the human lungs, and these  are  all
carefully sAvept and dusted out at each  steady
respiration during sleep. 
SUPERINDUCING  SEA-SICKNESS.
          Citation. — Case J. F.
  This case  is of J. F., a  young man of
about twenty-two years;  is connected with
the U. S. Railway  Mail Service.   As is
usual in that service, he  is on  and off service
alternate  Aveeks.   He  is a  bright, quick,
active  man in body and mind.   He  has
understood the  system herein for preventing
sea-sickness about one  year;  has  tested it
many times, and  always Avith success.  He
was previously sick when on the Avater.  On
the 26th   June, 1883,  being  out with a
large  pleasure party in  a steamer  of  about
two thousand tons register, he conceived the
idea  of experimenting, to  induce upon him-
self sea-sickness, by using the regular rules.
                         131 
132
sea-sickness.
The   day was fine,  the  wind  moderate;
the swells about ten feet rise and fall; the
position about thirty miles out.   The course
of the steamer during the  experiment was
oblique across the axis  of the swells, afford-
ing a fair amount of roll and motion.   There
Avas  quite a  number  among  the  company
violently demonstrating their  sickness.   A
larger number showed token of severe suffer-
ing, but took  it pensively.  Very few could
disguise that  they were not doing penance.
J. F.  Avas in high spirits and perfectly Avell.
He now  caused his body to become tense,
like one ready for a dance.  In a few mo-
ments (he thinks ten)his knees shoAved marked
signs  of  weariness, — assuming  a  shaky
state, with a tremor, more or less pronounced,
running through his body.  He found it quite
difficult to retain  any  fixed position; was
restless and  uneasy.   Soon his head  com-
menced aching and  increased apace, until it
seemed as if it Avould verily split open.  The
vessel now seemed to  be  moving round and 
CITATIONS.
133
round.   Objects became confused  and in-
distinct.   His head now seemed to him as if
it Avas twice its  natural size and very heavy,
but  the  pain in it Avas  less.   His  thought
began to  work  less  rapidly.  His throat
became involved, as if knotted or  strangu-
lated,  thereby  obstructing  his  breathing.
He  became  sensibly  weaker.   The  very
uneasy  feeling  had  noAV  passed  away.
Presently  his whole internal  economy be-
came convulsed, calling  for so much of his
attention that his head and other parts were
not  noted  or remembered.   He  was  very
soon forced to part with the contents of his
stomach,  which  appeared  to  relieve  him
someAvhat  for*the moment, but  he was now
so weak  he could not move about, but could
maintain himself in a chair, but  he felt very
uncomfortable.   At  this juncture  he  con-
cluded he had  done all the  experimenting
that he  desired, and commenced  retrieving
himself according to the rules, which  he found
practical and easy, and at the end of one 
134           SEA-SICKNESS.
hour and a half he  found himself well and
hungry;  but he will not try this again, as his
curiosity was abundantly satisfied.
  The  author Avas  not present, nor  was he
informed of any such  intention on the part
of J. F.  If the author had been advised, he
would not  have recommended so long con-
tinuance.   There is a  danger-line very near
where J. F. ceased his experiment, AAThich, if
he had passed over it, he Avould not have had
the power to recover himself without assist-
ance.   It  Avould  appear that J. F.'s mind
still held the  government over some  portion
of his  muscular poAver, and  such  portion
formed  the rendezvous  for  the routed  and
disorderly element to fall into line and thus
secure order.
  This  citation  shows that  this  power of
command  over  sea-sickness is enjoyed by
man. It also discloses the stages of progress
and the method Avhich  gravity uses to reduce
his  rebellious  subjects  to  obedience  and
order. 
CITATIONS.              135
   The author, however, has found that the
 routine  practiced by gravity in reduction is
 not alike in indiAriduals, nor  in the  same
 individual at  different  times,  but the final
 result is in all  nearly  the  same.   He has
 himself  induced  sea-sickness upon his body,
 and no  headache  would  appear, but there
 would  be abundant  nausea,  and at other
 times  it would be vice  versa.  He has also
 had a  whole  deluge of  symptoms upon him
 all  at once,  and  the  progress would  so
 rapidly  conclude that  very little time was
 afforded for  the  mind to  act in  planning a
 retreat.   Hence  it is  unsafe for  one  to ex-
 periment unless the person really is desirous
 of torture, and fully understands practically
 how bad sea-sickness is.
   The idea that  sea-sickness is  a  blessing in
 disguise  is a pure  fiction.   This difficulty
 stands objectively before me in all its ugly
 deformity.  It is  naked and transparent to my
mind.   To me its methods are  familiar even
to the most  bitter experience.  After years 
136
SEA-SICKNESS.
of patient and resolute explorations and care-
ful observation upon myself and numbers of
others, I pronounce it evil, and only evil!  It
is  vicious,  in all respects,  upon  the  poor,
innocent body.   It  lingers  in  my mind as
absolutely  piratical,  and —
   "Linked  with  no virtue, but a thousand
         crimes." 
INDEX.
                      A.
                                          Page
Appeal to physicians........7
Address to reader.........9
Apathy of the world upon the subject   .   .   14
Authority of mind over the body lost ...   27
Administration of motion on land and sea   .   86
Army in actual battle, illustration ....   96
Ailment, severity of........27
Axiom, ancient..........45
Art, the motions of sailor an......49
Agassiz, classification  of sailor.....48
Author's schooling and degree.....50
     fines and penalties........50
     musings over his  wrongs......51
     constitution, always sick......55
     motive  in this book.......119
Aspirations  of physician  for his patient  .   .   68
Antagonism of factors in sea-sickness ...   60
Adjuslment between factors in sea-sickness .   60
Accurate brain assured by relaxation ...   65
Acute perception assured by relaxation  .   .   65
Adapt themselves, the first  class  on the
           ocean..........56
Absurdity of heavy feet.......8
Anomaly of the sailor's motions.....107
                                 137 
138
INDEX.
                      B.

Boyhood, the author's........19
Ballast, for man's body, natural.....34
    for a ship...........38
    explained in use........117
Berth, directions about........44
Basis for resistance.........45
Beginners in ocean travel, directions  ...  71
Bed clothing, extra, for Aroyage .   .   .  .  .  74
Blood, irregular  in distribution.....43
Baffled, physician by sea-sickness   ....  68
Banished from home by sea-sickness   ...  17
Brain-sick man of the land improved  ...  18
Barred by sea-sickness........101
Breaking waves     .........102


                      C

Crime not to understand sea-sickness  ...  15
Chance of escape, graA*ity allows a ....  30
Controlled, sea-sickness has always ....  31
Conflicting forces in the body.....32
Childhood's knowledge........29
Contrast, the land and ocean......38
Complication of motion.......39
Cure of tension..........46
Classes, in general, on the ocean   ....  47
    first class, — a description.....56
    second  and  third class, — a description .  58
Clew, the first found........51
Confirmed by...........58
Cliff, effects produced by.......29
Carriage riding,  effects of.......62
Control of body, easy........69 
INDEX.
139
Clothing, extra, for Aroyage......74
Contaminations, none on the ocean   ...  68
Caution to the reader.......98-84
Confidence, absurd.........92
Chain of sequences.........110
    hoAV broken..........Ill
Citation, J. F., inducing sea-sickness  .   .   . 131
    its lesson...........134

                      D.

Difficulties in producing this work  ....  10
Delay, why this solution has not been sooner
          found..........11
Drags, a disturbing cause and not permitted,  18
    explanation..........93
Dizzy, on a cliff or high building   ....  29
Details of the disturbance.......26
Disease, no organic, in sea-sickness  ....  97
    explained...........93
Discomforts, none, if obedient.....34
Disturbance, general in the whole body  .   .  42
Diaphragm affected.........42
Directions for berth.........42
Dark continent, — sea-sickness always  has
          been a.........10
Discouraged, none should be......92
Discovery of this knowledge......95
Dismay of the landsman in storm   .  .   .   .105
Dominant command.........117

                      E.
Evasion of gravity.........117
Education of muscles........20
    mind a tutor in  ,.........87 
140                INDEX.
Equilibrium, or the body at rest   ....  28
Easy use of relaxation........35
Emetic, motion acts the same as an   ...  42
Exaggerations of the sailor......49
    of the sailor, why he does so  ....  49
Exiled men by sea-sickness   ......  17
Envy, a big dose taken by the author ...  51
Experience of author.......13-51
    of author by day........52
Experiment of author........52
Encouraged by success........55
Exempts, why by nature so......56
Enemy which neutralizes.......63
Explanation of mystery for the physician   .  64
Errors in the use of excessive tension ...  65
Entangled in a storm........11
Effects, the nature of........10
    have been  assumed as a cause .... Ill
    the error of..........112
    all that is visible are.......112
Engraver, how benefited in art.....65

                      F.

Factors, three in number.......59
    they antagonize.........60
    the body must yield to the other ...  60
Friendly power, gravity is a......28
Fire-arms, accuracy assured......65
Food on the ocean, directions.....73
Fear in the mind..........30
Fear, explanation of .........  89
    value of...........90
    quality of...........90
Fear in sea-sickness, what it does .... 109 
INDEX.               141
Fear, peculiarities of........109
False notion...........108
Frenzy of  fear will  beget spasmodic sea-
           sickness  .........110
Fierce wind, effects on ship......109

                      G.

Gravity in general.........24
    illustration.  Dish of water   ....  27
    in childhood, how learned.....29
    how it acts..........29
    not generally understood.....31
    forbids  continuous tension on ocean .   .  33
    its stages of progress.......31
    a factor in  sea-sickness......59
Guide, none extant for this  study  ....  10
Glimpses of  disorder........112-26
Government of the body.......112

                      H.

Health giver, the ocean a.......16
Heavy feet,  how produced......33
    their use...........33
    how changed to light.......81
Human plants, in cities........68
    their reasonable hope.......69
Habit, in general..........76
    illustration by music.......77
    formation of..........78
    power of...........  79
    easy.............79
Human body, a factor in sea-sickness ...  59
Healthy, the victims organs are.....93 
142                INDEX.
                      I.

Interest, the author's........12
Involuntary muscles.........19
Illustration of weight........44
    of swing...........41
    carriage-springs.........83
    the raised plank-walk.......87
    of fear in its Avork........91
    awaking from slumber......91
    a house tipped partly over.....97
Ignorance has odor of crime......15
Ignorance of the author.......52
Ignorance, the thread so easy broken  ...   60
Imitation, the true  engineer in this study   .   52
Insanity from  excessive tension.....65
Investigations of relaxation......69
Imperious, the rule of non-resistance on ocean,   75
Immunity of the first class, the cause  .  .  .109

                      J.

Jungle, sea-sickness is a perfect.....10

                      K.

Knowledge, how found.......97
    physician can supply you.....94

                      L.

Laws of the body.........18
Loose muscles, the requirement of ....   33
Level head, significant........66
Life-line for the storm........103 
INDEX.               143
Landsman's ignorance........106
Landsman, what he sees, and how he sees  .  106
Labyrinth, study of sea-sickness has been a .  112
Lofty building, dizzy.  Its cessation  .   .  .113
Land-motion the reverse of sea-motion   .  .115
Life explained    ..........121

                     M.

Motion of the body.........19
Motion, comparison of land and sea  ...   36
Muscles, their order........21
    mode of service........21
    government of.........21
    loose  for the ocean.......33
    tense for the land........33
    educated  .  .  .........87
    fitted for ocean service......88
    explained    ..........122
Mind loses its command.......26
    when convinced all is  well.....35
    explained    ..........122
Mistakes as to cause........43
Machines, the human body......66
Mystery explained.........64
Mental control of body.......80
Motive of the author........119
Mazeppa............120

                     N.

Nerves, what they are........22
    their  office in the body......22
    structure...........22
    explained...........123 
144
INDEX.
Nature of sea-sickness........34
No disease in sea-sickness   ......27
No palliation that it is not disease    ...  27
Noises on ship...........104

                      O.

Origin of this work.........10
Opposing forces one meets......23
Ocean motions..........37
    remedial value of........67
    nature's alembic........68
Old, old  story...........43
Order and disorder.........112

                     P.

Progress hindered by sea-sickness  ....  16
Physiology, brief recapitulation of   ...  18
PoAvers of body at command of mind ...  23
Palliation, it is  none to call it no disease .   .  27
Perfect and only remedy.......35
Plumb-ball and line lesson.......39
Peculiar  sensation by  motion.....40
Proofs from observation on ocean  ....  47
    to be seen  and felt and knowTn   .  .   . 116
Perception by the mind.......70
    by the traveller........107
Physician, his aspirations checked  ....  68
    can  be a natural sailor in a moment .   .  86
    can  instruct you if you need   ....  94
    the fountain if you need knoAvledge .   .  95
    his attitude honest.......95
Powers of adjustment held by the body .   .  60
Preponderant relaxation.......8 
INDEX.
145
Practice, value of........85-92
Problem to solve..........87
Pleasing poAver of relaxation.....94
                      R.

Rebuffs of the author  ........13
Reader will find the need.......14
Realm of the body.........22
    its wonders..........22
Relaxation, its powers........32
    the sailor's secret........50
    in general use.........61
    on the ocean..........115
    examples...........115
Resistance, its power........35
    same  as tension in effect.....56
Roll of ship explained........37
Rocking-chair, a thing to know.....62
Rising in the morning when on board ...  74
Radical change in acquiring habit  ....  85
    in the use of tension.......115
Recuperation in sleep........91
Riot in body...........112

                      S.

Study by the author........45-14
Sceptical,  the world has reason to be .   .   .  14
Strange attitude..........15
Stimulus,  the word discarded.....19
Sea-sickness, cause.........27
    description..........97
Stages of progress, gravity......30
Springs in the body like a coil of wire   .   .  32 
146
INDEX.
Springs cannot be used on ocean   ....   33
    made for the land only......32
Sleep, the mind is guard in.....43^35
    directions..........43-90
    general explanations......91-126
Swell, its motions   .........   37
Ship, motions...........39
    description..........39
    in a storm circuit........104
Sailor's legs, their value, — but not enough .   44
Sailor,  study of..........47
    proofs by...........50
    a schoolmaster.........50
    aloft otbelow.........51
    his playmates — his pride.....49
    is sick unless.........85
    scientific...........107
Stage-coach, steam-car, swing, — dizzy  .   .   55
Surgeon's success in his delicate tasks   .   .   65
Stimulated thought by a dose  of envy   •   .   51
Stubborn facts, not elegant diction   ...    9
Storm, description of........100
Sick or well at pleasure.......Ill
Swoon, evidence and lesson......114
Self-defence, this study was in.....119

                      T.

Topic, not literary.........9
Treasures of Europe........15
Task of author..........17
Tension explained.........32
    on  land and water........115
Tortures of the body by sea-sickness  ...   35
Tidal, the motions are........40 
                   INDEX.                147


Tense muscles   ..........40
Travel ordered by the physician   ....  62
    why ordered..........63
    why it fails of success......64
Toilet, care to be taken in.......74
Test to know the true motions.....82

                     U.

Unity of force secured to the body   ...  26
    how lost...........26
Uses of the ocean.........67
Unbelief in any cure general    .....11
    reason of...........11

                     V.

Voluntary muscles......"...  20
Vertical motions..........41
Virgil.............99

                     W.

Wreck of body..........66
Wealth powerless to command.....68
Water coming on board ship .  .  . ■  .  .   .104
Wheels within wheels in  the body    .  .   .117

                     Y.

Yielding to power by the body.....32 

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