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IARY OF MEDICINE  N A T I 0 N A I L I B R A R Y O F M E D I C I N E  N A T I O N A l L I B R A R Y
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THE
POOR MAN'S FRIEND,


    CONTAINING THE INFALLIBLE CURE


  FOR  THE BLACK TONGUE,

            WITH ITS

      CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS:

              ALSO,

THE ONLY REMEDY KNOWN TO PREVENT THE
  CONTAGION FROM ATTACKING THOSE IN
     CHARGE OF THE PATIENT; WITH
        THE TREATMENT FOR

    MEASLES AND SCARLET F^^^l^BFl>^
                          £   Y^iLO/r-
              AND      \  V   / I4 1 |

         A COLLECTION OF   X ' >'\

  FIFTY VALUABLE  REMEDIES

        FOR VARIOUS DISEASES.
COMPILED FROM THE GERMAN BY

    W. E. RICHTER, M. D.
BEDFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.
Pi'l.NTED AT THE "NEWS OFFICE," HAGERSTOWN, MB.

            1847. 
T?£57P
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1847, by
          W. E. Richtbr, M. D.,
 In the  Clerk's Office of the Eastern District, Penna 
PREFACE.
   Actuated by motives of philanthropy, and fully con-
vinced, also, that any thing which is beneficial to man-
kind at large ought to be fully and extensively known?
and at the request of some of my respected friends cf
my vicinity, I have come to the  conclusion of com-
piling the following pages; and as  I commit  them to
the perusal and judgment of the  community at large,
I hope that any deficiency which may appear in the
style may be balanced by the good intention of the
author, in endeavoring to be  useful  to his fellow men,
so far as in his power lies.

  This collection of remedies and  receipts contains
 some of the best preparations which have been  used
 in Germany by celebrated physicians, and which have
been kept secret for many years.

  This work is not written in  a scientific manner,
because it  never was  intended for  the professors  of
medical science, but for  the  community at large.—
Therefore,  in order to render it comprehensible  to
the unlearned, it is written in as plain a  manner  as
possible.  Should a learned critic cast his eyes  over
these pages, he is asked to spare them for the sake of
those far distant from medical aid, and  also for the
sake of others unable to meet the exorbitant demands
of physicians, who  regard neither the voice of con-
science nor the  silent sufferings of the poor,  but are
ruled only by self-interest-   Let  him, therefore, as & 
                         IV
 man of conscience, at least acknowledge the good in-
 tention of the author, instead of villifying every thing
 that does not exactly agree with his judgment.   Thus
 I commit this little work to the public at large, hoping
 that with the blessing of the Lord it may be the meana
 of saving the lives of many afflicted with that terrible
 and dangerous disease called the "Black Tongue; and
 if it should only be  the means of saving one patient
 from a sudden death and unprepared appearance before
 the Almighty's Bar, the author will think himself rich-
 ly repaid for his labor; for at best, the words of  the
 Apostle, " What is your  life ?—it is even as a vapor,
 that appeareth for a while and then vanisheth away,"
 are but too true.

   A strict and scrupulous adherence to the treatment
 prescribed for the cure of the "Black Tongue" (so
 called) is absolutely  necessary and required in order
 to expect a favorable result.   Then, and then only,
 the cure prescribed, if taken in time, will prove itself
 to be  infallible, as it has been in the hands of the
 author, which the surrounding community of his resi-
 dence have been pleased to  certify.  Care is required
 in procuring the  exact medicines prescribed in the
 different receipts, and if reasonable indications are fol-
Jowed by the application of proper remedies, and those
 applications are guided by a sound and firm judgment,
 then this little work will prove itself invaluable where
 medical aid is not at hand, or too expensive to be pro-
 cured.  In this the intention and object of the author
 will be accomplished, and some service will have been
 rendered by him to his contemporaries.
                               THE AUTHOR. 
RECOMMENDATIONS.
   We the undersigned inhabitants of Bethel, and the
surrounding Townships of Bedford County, Penn-
sylvania, do certify that a disease generally known
by the name of the Black Tongue has visited our
neighborhood more or less, ever since the year 1843,
and has proved fatal in every case, baffling the skill of
our best Physicians.  In the  year 1844 Dr. W. E.
Richter located himself in Warfordsburg, and has from
that  time to the present administered to all  afflicted
with that dreadful disease in our neighborhood, and
has,  with the  blessing of God, been successful in
every case, having attended in his extensive  practice
a great many, of which he has not to our knowledge
lost a single patient.  As he is about publishing his
mode of treatment of this awful disease, we therefore
recommend it as worthy of the attention and generous
patronage q( the citizens of every section of the United
States, and we have in witness thereof set our hand
writing  hereunder, at Warfordsburg, Beihel  Town-
ship, Bedford County, Pa.,  the 10th day of March,
A. D. 1847.
  Obadiah Graves,        Thomas Rutherford,
  Elizabeth Mann,        Eleanor J  Thomas,
  George Fields,          Harriet Morgret,
  Jareu Hanks,           Benjamine Gale,
  Jason Hanks,           Benjamine Charlton,
  Samuel Carnell,         David Rowland, Esq.
  Joseph Bernhard,       George Morgret,
  Ephraim Garland,       Thomas Robinson,
                     a3 
VI
Benjamin Mellott,
John Stillwell,
Job Morgret,
Dennis Dannels,
John Dannels,
Abner Rowland,
Joseph Bernhard, Jr.
Rev. Jacob Watters,
Samuel Winter,
Joseph Mellott,
Paul Van Cleve,
Wm. W. Kirk,
Joseph Charlton,
John Rutherford,
James R  Howell,
Francis Milliken,
Owen Rutherford,
James B. Orr,
John Bryner,
James Clark,
Elliot McCullock,
John Watt,
Moses Gregory,
Sarah Milliken,
Joseph Brewer,
Esq.
  Amos Dicken,
  Robert McClelland,
  Joseph Pittman,
  Asberry Akers,
  Jacob Fisher,
  Moses Whitford,
  George Smidt,
  John Charlton,
  James M. Powell,
  Jacob Hull, Jr,
  Dan Cook,
  John E. Knable
  Henry Fite,
  Lemuel Gorden,
  James Hughes, Esq., Re-
presentative of Juniatta Co
Pa., in 1837 and 1838.
  J. J. Kirk,
  James C. Hughes,
  Samuel Hooper,
  Thomas M. Hedden
  Samuel Hedden,
  Tobias Strasbaugh,
  Gerald Moran,
  William Mason.
  This is to certify, that the men who have subscribe
their names to the foregoing publication, are men <
good  character and  responsibility in our neighbo
hood.  Witness our hands and seals, this 17th di
of March, A. D.  1847.
           JOHN FISHER, J. P.         [l s.]
           JACOB  BERNHARD, J. P.   [l. .-1
Pennsylvania, Bedford County, ss :
I.JOSEPH B. NOBLE, Prothonotary of the Col 
                       VII
of Common Pleas for said County, certify that John
Fisher and Jacob  Bernhard, Esquires, whose names
are subscribed to  the foregoing Certificate, were on
the date thereof, and now are, acting  Justices of the
Peace in and for said County, (residing in the Town-
ship of Bethel,)  duly commissioned and qualified so
to act, and further I certify that the signatures purport-
ing to be theirs are genuine.
   In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand
  [li. S.] and affixed the Seal of  said Court  at Bed-
ford the 23d day of March, A. D.  1847.
              JOSEPH B.  NOBLE, Prothonator,
a4 
CERTIFICATES.
  This  is to certify, that  in the year  1845, in the
month of August, a boy who was living with me, about
sixteen years old, was afflicted with the  (at that time
in our neighborhood prevailing) disease called the
Black Tongue; during three days little hopes  were
entertained of his recovery, but  by the Lord's bless-
ing, under the care and treatment of Dr. W. E. RichteT,
he was restored to health again.   And as Dr. Richter
is about publishing the mode of his treatment,  I can
therefore, and will  cheerfully, recommend it to the
attention and patronage of the people of the United
States.  Given under my  hand and  seal, in Bethel
Township, Bedford  County, Pennsylvania, the  19th
day  ofMarchr1847.
                JAMES  M. POWELL,  [l.  s.]
  This is to certify, that in the year 1846, two of my
children were afflicted with the Black Tongue, and
were attended  by Dr. W. E. Richter, and with the
Lord's blessing they both recovered  I therefore re-
commend  his  treatment to the public  at  large,  as
worthy of their attention.   Given under my hand and
seal, this 19th  day of March, 1847, in Bedford Co.,
Pennsylvania.       JOHN MORGRET.  [l.  s.]
  DANIEL DANIELS, Witness.
  This is to certify, that during the year 1846, three
of my children, from the age of six years to the age 
                       IX
of eighteen, two boys and one girl, was afflicted with
a disease called, generally, the Black Tongue, and by
the blessing of God, under the treatment of Dr.  Wr.
E. Richter they all recovered.   And  as he is about
publishing his mode of treatment of this dangerous
disease, I  therefore cheerfully recommend it, because
it  has  been  the means  of saving many lives in our
vicinity, and deserves the attention and patronage of
the people of the United States.   Witness my hand
and seal, in Belfast Township, Bedford County, Pa.,
the 11th of March,  1847.
                     JOB MORGRET.  [L. s.]
  This is to certify, that during the year 1816, one
of my daughters, a young woman of about  twenty-
one years of age, was taken sick with a disease gene-
rally called the Black Tongue, but by the blessing of
God, under the treatmf nt of Dr. W. E. Richter, she
recovered again;  and as I hear he is about publishing
the mode of his  treatment, I therefore cheerfully re-
commend it to the attention and patronage of the peo-
ple of the United  States.  Witness my hand and seal;
in Bethel Township, Bedford County, Pa., the 19th
of March, 1847.
                 JOHN FISHER, J. P.  [l. s.]
  This is to certify that in the year 1845, my family
was  afflicted  with that, appalling  disease called the
Black Tongue; being ignorant of  the mature of this
disease, and thinking it to be nothing more than a
common  sore throat, I thought it unnecessary to call
in a physician for several days, but my child growing 
                       X
worse, I called in Dr. Wilson, of  Hancock, the next
day I called on Dr. W. E. Richter, but the disorder
having gone too far, this child died.  The rest of my
family was yet well.  A few days after, two other of
my children were attacked, Dr. Richter was called on
immediately, and  by the blessing of God, under the
treatment of Dr. W. E. Richter they both recovered.
I believe that his mode of treatment of this disease is
nearly infallible if taken in time, and his publication
is worthy  of the attention and patronage of all the
people of  the United States.  Witness my hand and
seal this 11th day of March, 1847, in Bethel Town-
ship, Bedford County, Pennsylvania.
                   WILLIAM  BISHOP,   [l. s.]
  Representative of Bedford Co., Pa., during the ses-
sions of the Legislature of the  years of 1844 and '4o,
  This is to certify, that in the summer of 1846, two
of my children were afflicted with a disease called the
Black Tongue, which was at that time greatly prevail-
ing in our neighborhood.  I made immediate applica-
tion to Dr. W. E. Richter, and with the Lord's bless-
ing, under his treatment they both recovered.  I think
it but justice  to say, that since he intends to publish
the  mode of his treatment, it deserves the attention of
the  public, and his publication ought to receive  the
patronage of the people of the United Stales.  Given
under my hand  and seal,  this ]9th  day of March
1847, in  Bethel Township, Bedford Comity, Pa.
                  JOSEPH  MELLOTT.   [r.. s.]

  Thi* is to certify, that my wife was in 1846 afflict-
ed with the so called Black Tongue.  I employed Dr. 
                       XI
W. E. Richter, and under his treatment, by the bless-
ing of God, she was restored to health again.  I cheer-
fully therefore, since he has been so successful in our
County in curing this disease, recommend the publi-
cation of his treatment as worthy of the attention of
the  people of the United States.  Witness my hand
and seal, this 19th day of March, 1846.
             NICHOLAS BLESINGER.  [l. s.]
a6 
CAUSES WHICH MAY EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECT-
  LY BE ACCESSARY  TO THE  PRODUCTION OF  THIS
  DISEASE.
  The most common cause which predisposes a per-
son in such a manner that the contagion will take
hold on his  system, is weakness, and all causes which
can or may bring on  weakness or a debilitated state
of the whole  system; as for instance, inclination to
cattarhs, scorbutic and scrofulous disposition, or ten-
dency of all the fluids to the body; low, marshy situ-
ations, where the air is very often damp, where a great
many people live in the neighborhood of swamps; also
very dry and hot weather in the summer, causing the
stagnation of running water; uncleanliness, unwhole-
some nourishment  taken in the stomach; long  con-
tinued want of vegetable diet,  a particular epidemical
constitution  of the  air, which may have been brought
on by a great heat following the overflowing of waters
or running streams, or it may be brought on after a
battle in  time  of war, when there has been a great
deal of blood shed of man and brute;—in that line, or
under that head, might also be brought  the evapo-
rations of graveyards  in crowded cities, or the evapo-
rations of slaughter houses, which may  have a ten-
dency to infect the  air with a poison, injurious to  the
system and health  of mankind.
  Dr. De Haeu  mentioned, in his writings, a  large
well in Holland, which was  no longer  in use, into
which was thrown, during  several years,  all kinds of
offall and dirt  of a town close by, and also from  the
neighboring villages, with  a view  of shutting  it up 
                        15
 gradually in this manner.   All at once a contagious
 fever, of a putrifying nature, made its appearance in
 that  neighborhood, proving very fatal to  the inhabi-
 tants; after many trials for its cure, and many searches
 for its cause, it was at last found to be produced by the
 evaporation of this well.  Hands were employed to
 shut up the great opening of this well, and soon after
 the fearful epidemic ceased.  Furthermore it is cer-
 tain that epidemic  diseases  will spread more rapidly
 among the poorer  class of the inhabitants of large
 cities, because they generally live in small  houses,
 and narrow, dirty streets, than it will in the  country
 where the air is more pure, and the people live more
 scattered and separate.   From some of these causes
 a sharp poison is produced, which shows itself in an
 inexplicable manner, especially in the throat, or else
 in the Avindpipe, sometimes in both at once, and there
 by degrees establishes, especially if a  predisposition
 to it exists in the system, that terrible disease, which
 is  appalling in  its  symptoms and so dangerous and
 fatal  in  its  consequences.  The contagion  spreads
 from family to family,from place to place, (which may
 be done in different ways and manners, either through
 clothing, or by sending goods  from one town to an-
 other, which helped to  spread the Cholera in some
 countries in  Europe, during the  years of 1831  and
 1832,) till a  complete epidemic  is established, or it
 may be spread in innumerable different ways and man-
 ners.   Be this as it may, it is beyond doubt that this
 sickness  is contagious, in proportion as an individual
is more or less predisposed  to  its influence.
  This disease does not only affect certain constitu-
tions, nor at a certain age only; neither does it appear 
                       16
at certain seasons; but  children, the female sex, and
weakly persons, are more apt to be  afflicted with it
than the male sex and robust persons; although, it is
granted, there have been exceptions, when robust per-
sons have also been afflicted and carried off suddenly
with this disease, and it has been observed to be more
prevalent in the fall and the commencement of winter,
than in the spring and summer.   There has happened
cases of it during all seasons of the year, even in the
midst of  winter, when there was snow on the ground
to the depth  of eighteen inches.  It is not thought
necessary to trace  this matter any further, and I shall
therefore proceed  to give a  description of the symp-
toms of the disease.
                  SYMPTOMS.
  The throat in most cases suddenly becomes of a
bhining red color, appearing as if there was much in-
flamation, accompanied with slight pain and a feeling
of burning disagreeable sensation, along with more or
less  stiffness of the  neck, which symptoms often de-
ceive through their mildness, until the patient is past
all recovery.
  Upon these red inflamed-Iooking places there soon
appear, here and there, irregular white, ashy-colored
spots, which are often surrounded with a redish look-
ing ring.  These  spots get larger and greater in size,
run  together and suddenly they are changed into
white, blue, or blackish looking scabs, of a gangrenous
tendency, under which are hidden deep and broad ul-
cers, which will appear by close observation.  From
underneath these scabs, which cover these ulcers,
there oozes out continually an acrimonious,bad smell- 
                       17
ing fluid, which affects the naighboring parts and pro-
duces a stinking and highly contagious breath, which
will hardly ever be observed till these ulcers are form-
ed, when the cadaverous smell of the breath  will be
observable.

   Sometimes it happens that there are small  pimples
visible, of the appearance of blisters, filled with a yel-
low or greenish-looking fluid, which, however, quick-
ly are changed  into  ulcers and  spread  themselves
deeper in the throat, and also upwards to the nose.
Out of the nose and mouth commences to run a high-
ly offensive, yellowish or  greenish matter, of a very
corroding nature, ami sometimes  even blood.  The
disease  sometimes attacks  the windpipe; and  sudden-
ly spreads downward to the lungs; all the parts which
lay above the stomach and the lungs are attacked, the
skin in  the inside of the mouth and throat becomes       »v
separated and falls off in putrid pieces, about which
time begin to appear, in the mouth  and throat, dark
red and blackish-looking pieces of flesh, having an
appearance as if the flesh had been ripped with a saw.
The swelling of the surrounding external parts some-
times, reaches a great and fearful height at this period,
threatening suffocation; from this cause it is, that al-
though  there was at first little difficulty in swallow-
ing food, the patient  can  only now do it with diffi-
culty, or not at all.  The drawing of the breath is
also difficult, and power of speech begins to  fail; the
patient is hoarse, coughs, sneezes and speaks  through
the nose with a deep hollow sound, and often com-
plains of a sharp  stinging pain in the throat, under the
breast bone.  Sometimes a pain in the stomach is felt, 
                               18
         with an intolerable aversion to food, accompanied by
         an  uneasy sickness in the stomach, and sometimes
         vomiting.  If any of  the  corroding matter,  which
         oozes out of the ulcers in the throat, is swallowed,
         which often  happens, especially in  children, it  pro-
         duces an agonizing pain in the stomach, accompanied,
         perhaps, by  a diarrhoea resembling flux, or bloody
         stools mixed with matter, which corrodes the funda-
         ment and its surrounding parts in the same  manner
         as the matter which runs out of the mouth and nose
         corrodes the lips, cheeks, and hands of the  patient,
         and also the fingers and hands ot the  nurse.  In some
         cases it happens that there is  running from the ear a
         strong offensive-smelling matter, which may produce
         deafness of one or both ears.
           If the windpipe is affected, the patient in coughing
h,        throws  up pieces of  the internal skin, mixed  with
         blood and a putrid slime.    It is then that a shrill,
         hoarse,  or wheezing  sound  will be heard when the
         patient draws his breath ; which sound is similar to
         the sound that accompanies the drawing cf the breath
      5  of a patient afflicted with the  croup.
   ^      The tongue is generally moist, appearing clean up-
         on  the extremity, but further back, towards the  root,
         it is covered with a yellowish or brownish-looking
         coat, or it is covered  with a thick whitish-looking
         slime, or sometimes  assumes the red appearance of
         raw flesh.—The scabs in the throat sometimes fall
         off, but  arc soon formed anew.  Several parts may be
         destroyed in this manner by these ulcers.  If there is
         any attempt made to swallow drink, it is rejected and
         thrown  out again through the nose.  When  mortifi- 
                        19
cation is once finally and fully established, the pain
in the throat ceases, and the difficulty of swallowing
is in a  manner  removed, or at  any rate, somewhat
lessened.  Losses of blood may happen in different
ways at this period of the disease.   In very desperate
cases there  appears, sometimes, a swelling of the
whole  neck, which may reach  even  down to the
breast, and, following this, a red-looking, much swol-
len face; at other times, a pale color of the face with
a mournful expression  of countenance; red, watery
and sunken eyes; pressure and oppression, or a feel-
ing of tightness around the regions of the heart; great
anxiety and restlessness; a weakness with inclination
to fainting ; a small, weak pulse; pale, reddish, some-
times muddy-looking urine; sometimes a breaking out
of the skin,  on the neck, breast, or arms, or on other
parts of the  body; a giddiness of the head; a  continu-
ed inclination to sleep; headache; delirium or raving;
a  sensation  of heaviness in  the  limbs; a continued
sighing, with an expression of the countenance as if
there was great suffering; astupified state of the mind,
in which the patient recognises  no one ;  and some-
times unusual  liveliness, accompanied by much talk-
ing, or at least attempts to talk, which too often in-
duce a vain  hope of recovery.  But death,  in some
form, soon closes the scene.  Sometimes, the patient,
with a few long-drawn  sighs, breathes  his last.   At
others  he is carried off in  a  raving delirium, or  falls
quietly  to sleep.   Again, springing from his bed, in a
vain attempt to flee, he  sinks and breathes his last.
   If blood is drawn from a patient afflicted with this
disease, it looks generally very red, has no consis- 
                       20
 tence at all, and is in a dissolved state.  These ap-
 pearances indicate a tendency to putrefaction, existing
 in the fluids of the body, and  the disease to be of a
 very malignant nature.
   Connected with all these symptoms is always more
 or less fever,  of an intermitting nature, which in-
 creases in violence towards night; this feverish state
 either accompanies the beginning of the disease, or it
 makes its appearance soon  after the throat becomes
 sore, and commences then with a shivering, trembling
 and coldness of  the extremities, and, perhaps, of the
 whole body, which last but a short time, and then
are followed by a burning feverish heat of the whole
 system, the skin remaining dry.  Some times the fever
 is, in the beginning, not so violent; but suddenly in-
 creases fearfully; at  other times it  commences vio-
 lently, but soon looses  its violence and apparently
 ceases entirely.  In the evening and at night the pa-
 tient is generally  worse; towards morning, after  a
 light  sweat, he  appears better.  The  fever accom-
 panying this disease resembles in its nature and course
 the nature of a malignant  putrid  fever.  To be sure,
 it  may be changed in different  ways  and manners,
 hrough different circumstances, causes and times, or
 by the epidemical  existence of the disease, and may
 then assume different appearances.  Sometimes it will
 assume and produce symptoms nearly similar to those
 of a bilious fever.
   At  times  the  disease may come on' suddenly; at
 other  times  by deceitful intermission, changing the
 pulse  but  very little from a  natural pulse; the  thirst
 is  small; the pain in the throat inconsiderable; the dif- 
                       21
ficulty of swallowing but little and trifling, as if no dan-
gerous disease had taken hold of the patient.   But be
not deceived, lest your apparently safe situation prove
your ruin.   This disease is one of the most deceitful,
and when  the  patient thinks himself most sure  and
safe, and fancies there  is little danger, suddenly the
symptoms  change, and  the  disease assumes the ter-
rible appearance above  described, when  all  medical
aid and human wisdom come too late.  Therefore,
persons should be very careful, and apply  effectual
means whenever any  of the before mentioned symp-
toms make their appearance, for AVhen once putridity
of the mouth and throat sets in and drink is ejected
through the nose, very little hope is left; while but a
few hours before, medical aid could have accomplish-
ed a certain cure.
  This disease is  always dangerous, but may occa-
sionally appear in a milder form, so that  nature itself
in a short time, in  otherwise healthy persons, will ef-
fect a cure, but this is, indeed, a very rare occurrence.
In most cases of a fatal issue, it proves fatal  between
the- first and the fourth day; either in an apoplectic
manner, or by a kind  of fainting fit, or through infla-
mation of the brain, or excessive losses of blood from
the lungs, nose or ears; or if in the female sex, from
the parts of generation.  Examination after death has
shown the  lungs covered with putrid, black, and blue
looking spots, gangrenous ulcers in the bowels, and
even torn entrails; but it may also, through its  ma-
lignant consequences, prove fatal, after its main symp-
toms have disappeared; producing Dropsy, Consump-
tion, Spitting of Blood, Diarrhoea, Suffocation and a
host of other dangerous diseases. 
                       22
  Children, generally, are in greater and  more sud-
den danger than adults.   Death is  often announced
by the appearance of dark, blue, black-looking spots,
which suddenly disappear again; also  in the black
color of the internal parts of the mouth and throat;
swelling of the face, neck and  the Avhole body; hic-
cups ; fits; very pale, cadaverous face; voiding of very
clear, pale-looking urine; still  delirium; sudden  dis-
appearance of the matter which exudes from  the nose
and mouth, or ears; excessive loss of blood;  fainting;
cold extremity; involuntary stools; picking of the bed-
clothes, and in the air Avith  the fingers, and  a  short
hurried, rattling breath.   Sometimes death may take
place without any of these symptoms, or forerunning
signs, apparently only brought on by suffocation.

  If the patient gets better, it  takes place after mild
sweats have made their appearance, and a thick urine
is voided, Avhich if left standing, will leave a  sediment
in the bottom  of the vessel.   Also, a pealing-off of
the skin will be observed, more or less, upon the dif-
ferent parts of the body.  The breathing becomes more
free; the fever and the heat decreases; the scabs in me
throat fall off; the matter in the throat assumes a mild
appearance and becomes less  every day.  The flesh
in the mouth and throat begins to look clean and na-
tural; the*ulcers disappear; the  pulse is rr^re regular;
the look of the eyes is enlivened, and the patient gains
in strength.   Should there be a red-looking  eruption
observed on different parts of the body, or all over it,
it may also be vieAved  as a favorable symptom, but
more common will be an  itching in the skin, espe-
cially in adults, and the sickness in the stomach dis- 
23
appears after  the breaking  of  the skin.  When the
disease has existed epidemically, there has sometimes
been  observed the  appearance of very disagreeable
boils in the groins.   One of the good signs, general-
ly supposed to be so among European physicians, is
said to be, Avhen in the progress of the disease the
neck  gets very red externally, sAvells  some and the
skin commences to peal off.   The  duration of this
disease is different  in different  subjects and different
climates; it may last twelve or fourteen days and more,
but often it is  decided on the sixth or seventh day, for
better  or  Avorse, i£ it does not sooner put an end to
the patient's life.

  HoAvever, this may differ in different epidemics; for
individual and local  causes, complications, and an epi-
demical constitution of the air, may sometimes make
a great change and difference  in the  symptoms ac-
companying the beginning, progress  and end of this
disease; although much Avill ahvays  depend on the
causes which produced it, the situation in Avhich the
throat  is found, the  nature of the fever accompanying
it, and  the  influence which it may have upon the con-
stitution of the patient, according as he is of a robust
or delicate habit.
                                       'C
  In the ,y<.ar  1778, there existed in Germ, ny an epi-
demic of this disease which proved very fatal, especial-
ly to children afflicted Avith worms.  This sickness, at
that time, generally proved fatal on the sixth day, if the
proper and necessary evacuations had been neglected.
It was  supposed to have been rendered more fatal  by
the influence  Avhich the worms and their slime ex- 
                       24
ercised  upon  the fever through  the progress of the
disease.
  We Avill now, without further reference to the his-
tory of this terrible  disease, proceed to the exposition
of the remedies proposed  for its  cure,  Avhich have
never been known to fail if resorted to in season. 
THE REMEDY.
   The first  most necessary and pressing  indication
 for the cure of this  disease, points to vomiting, or
 remedies  that will produce vomiting.   The great use
 and benefit thereof has been proven by repeated ex-
 perience.   The violence  and fatal progress of this
 disease has often been arrested by one single vomit;
 at other times  it  has  given  great ease to the patient,
 and has facilitated the subsequent cure.  It is seldom
 that it  Avill be necessary by other remedies to pre-
 pare the patient for  the taking of a vomit, provided
 the help does not come altogether too late, and after
 the appearance of a powerful cramp in the parts af-
 fected; Avhich certainly would have to be removed by-
 external and internal mollifying medicines, under
 Avhich  head  might come  slimy drinks,  sweetened
 with honey dissolved in vinegar, or the diluted juice
 of lemon, or small doses  of Antimonial Avine every
 half hour, till the cramp ceases; also, external appli-
 cations  may be used, such as Avarm poultices applied
 to the stomach, or fomentations of hot Avater or vine-
 gar to the loAver parts of it; also injections of sweet
 oil, or melted lard, and sweet milk.   In all  these pre-
 parations care must be taken not  to bring  on a diar-
 rhoea.   When the cramp has been removed, together
 Avith the great  dryness, anxiety and  pain, then a vo-
 mit Avill be given Avith the best  and happiest result.
 But, as  before stated, it Avill seldom be necessary to
prepare  a  patient in that  manner, as very seldom a
cramp of that nature will be found which would for-
 bid the  administration-of a vomit.  Through a vomit
                       a7 
                       26
not only the unclean and foul stomach will be emp-
tied, but also the throat will be cleansed, the glands
enlivened, and the perspiration  promoted; so that *
vomit will here ansAver four very desirable ends.   (A
vomit for children up to fourteen years of age, may
consist of Antimonial Avine,  in  doses according to
their age—above that age Ipecacuanha mixed with s
little tartar emetic may be given.   See table and  di-
rections for administering it.)  I have never in my
practice commenced  the treatment of  this disease in
any other manner than by giving an effectual vomit,
without regard to age or sex, and have always found
the best and most happy results to follow.  Repeated
stools, without a vomit, cannot have  the same good
effect produced by one effectual vomit—which, at any
rate, sometimes Avill  perform one or two operations
downAvard.  If there is no great  indication  contrary
to the administration of a vomit, and  the disease has
not already gone so far that the patient's life  only de-
pends upon  suddenly reviving the  vital spirits, noth-
ing else should detain us at any time during the pro-
gress of this disease, from administering an emetic,
and from repeating  the same as often as necessary,
which may be knoAvn by much bitterness  or  nasty
taste in the mouth, like rotten eggs; or much Aveight
about the stomach, Avith a feeling  of  sickness or in-
clination to vomit; also, if the tongue has  a  brown
or yelloAvish looking coat, then the  repetition of a
vomit would be  of great benefit, and almost absolute-
ly necessaay.

   Besides the emetics, it is necessary  that the patient
 should have, daily, one or tAvo passages by the stool 
                       27
which may be produced by giving him a small dose
of calomel, followed by salts; (see prescription No.
3 & 4,) the dose to be governed by the age of the pa-
tient, as in the tabic and directions for the administer- ,
ing of physic.
   Calomel Avill undoubtedly here have the preference
over other kinds of physic; while, as in other fevers
of a malignant putrid nature, it may happen that col-
liquative diarrhoeas are brought on, proving hurtful if
not fatal.
   These  diarrhoeas, if they can be preA-ented at all,
Avill be best guarded against by administering calo-
mel,  followed by mild opening  remedies, such as
salts, cream of tartar, or castor oil.  Injections as be-
fore  prescribed, may be  given instead of calomelr
once or twice a day; but I would  prefer the calomel,
having also  the opinion of celebrated European phy-
 sicians in its favor, such as  Vogel, Hufeland, Grave,
 Tirsot  and others.

   It is certain that care is required in administering
 any medicines for the purpose of opening the bowels,
 always paying attention to the strength of the patient,
 the irritation of the bowels, (if such exists,)  and the
 nature and foetid smell of  the excrements  voided,..
 which generally have a highly offensive smell, simi-
 lar to putrefaction.  We must also remember  that the
 weakness or debility of the patient, which may exist,
 may not have  its cause or  origin alone  in  the  un-
 cleauness contained in the bowels and stomach; but
 it is also to be  sought in the tendency to putrefaction
 existing in the blood.   HoAvever, from whatever cause
                            a8 
                       28
 this weakness may arise, it ought not  to deceive us,
 nor deter us from the careful administration and repe-
 tition of mild opening  remedies, so long as a hard
 swollen state of the stomach, together with  a disa-
 greeable rifting up of Avind, pain in the  bowels, head-
 ache, spells of delirium, passing cold sweats, disposi-
 tion to sleep, and similar circumstances betray and
 point to the existence of bile, in a putrifying state, in
 the stomach and feowels; the removal of Avhich is so
 much more necessary, as it promotes the tendency to
 putrefaciion in the blood.

   Under carefully guided and repeated evacuations of
 the stomach and boAvels, the before mentioned symp-
 toms, which may exist after one  vomit and  physic,
 will gradually disappear, and strength Avill be gained
 by degrees, especially if the patient drinks freely some
 acid beverage, made by mixing his drink with a little
 vinegar or sour Avine, which will have  a tendency to
 strengthen him.

   After a vomit has been given the first and  second
 time, a physic of a mild nature (see prescription No.
5 or 6,) preceded  by a  small  dose  of  calomel,  will
 ansAver all that can be expected.   According as these
 medicines, which carry  the bad matter and bile out
 of the body, have a  greater  or less  effect, their dose
 must be either increased or decreased, Avhich  may be
 guided by considering the  strength of the patient, the
 benefit derived from them  at the time, and other cir-
 cumstances.

   The patient should use for his  usual beverage,  a
 drink of a sour, cooling and strengthening nature, such 
                        20
as weak lemonade; tea  made of pounded or ground
barley; or blackberry juice mixed with vinegar and
water; or a drink as prescribed in prescription No. 7,
which drink ought to be given freely, though always
remembering that  the  throat should be Avashed  or
 gargled before SAvalloAving any drink or food of any
kind; for if that is neglected the ulcerated matter may
be  carried from  the throat into the stomach.  The
diluted vitriolic acid, mentioned in prescription Wcr.
7, is  one of the' best remedies  against putrefaction,
second only, it may be said, to Peruvian bark, (Cor-
tex Peruviana,) if taken in a sufficient quantity to pro-
duce an impression upon the system.

  The  calomel also, is a remedy deserving our great-
est  attention in this disease, for in the most desperate
cases, Avhen the best remedies failed, calomel and
calomel alone  aatis the  means which saved the* pa-
tient.  It had to be given in repeated doses, sufficient
to produce a slight salivation; the greater the existing
tendency to putrefaction, the greater must be the doses
of calomel.
  Dr. Michaelis and Dr. Douglas  both  agree, that it
has done Avonders in the  most hopeless cases, and
Dr   Bailey  maintains the fact  that  none  die  upon
whom salivation can be produced.  Douglass also
calls it a specific remedy for this disease, and  in my
own practice I  have seen one very desperate case, in
which calomel, given in sufficient quantity to produce
a slight salivation^ Avas the means of saving  the pa-
tient's life Avhen all else failed.   Sec case No. 2-
  What next deserve our attention are  the neck and
                       a9 
                       30
throat; Avhich must be  closely attended from the be-
ginning.  <3argling is necessary, or  if impracticable
from the debility or youth of the patient, injections
into the throat of cleansing remedies calculated to pre-
vent or counteract putrefaction, may be used; or rags
dipped in some similar fluid may be used to wash the
mouth every three or four hours, and particularly be-
fore taking  food  or  drink.  The best remedies for
gargling or  Avashing are, if the patient be a grown
person, a gargle  made  of  gum  myrrh and Cayenne
pepper; (see prescription No. 8,) or lime Avater; or
strong lukewarm vinegar; or red pepper tea sweetcn-
ed Avith honey; and in younger persons,  blackberry
juice Avith honey and vinegar, will answer the pur-
pose.  See prescription No. 9.
   Often, however, in cases of small children no use
can be made of these gargles or remedies;  as they are
difficult of management and can not Remade sensible
•of their danger.   They Avill in consequence SAvalloAV
more or less of the putrid matter issued from the ul-
cers in the  throat, Avhich  is undoubtedly the  cause
why this disease is more fatal to children than adults.
   The above  mentioned strong gargles are only re-
commended if there are evidences of matter oruke;s
visible in the throat, which may be easily discover?d
if the tongue is pressed down Avith the handle of a
spoon or a  dull knife.   As long as there arc only red-
ness and pain in the throat, Avith  signs  of inflamma-
tion, gargles of a different nature maybe used, which
 are less heating, irritating,  or astringent than the a-
 bove mentioned.   The following will  answer:  tea of
 sage,sAveetcned with honey; tea made of wheat brair 
                       31
flaxseed, blackberry juice, elder blossoms, or sweet-
ened water; taking care, however, not to swalloAV any
of it
   A direction suitable in all cases is not easy to de-
scribe; we ought, howe\'er, to be guided by the symp-
toms in the case, and as long as there are ulcers and
matter visible, the gargles  should be continued; foT
cleanliness of the parts is a great safeguard and abso-
lutely necessary for safety.   When the putrid nature
of  the ulcers is changed and  better, the milder gar-
gles may be  used, in place  of the stronger, sharper
and more effectual.
   To the same intent and purpose which the  gargles
answer inAvardly, belong outward applications about
the throat and neck; Avhich may be made according
to prescription  No. 11.  A mustard plaster maybe
applied under the chin around  the throat, or a blister
of Spanish  flies may be laid on the back of the neck,
and after having drawn there,  it may be removed  to
the arm, half way from the elboAv to  the shoulder,
and a blister drawn there, both of which must  be well
attended Avith poultices.  (See directions for  blister-
ing.)   Or the blister may be laid a second time, on
the calves of the legs, until perfectly drawn.   If the
patient should complain of much burning pain unde
the breast-bone, the blister may be applied there in-
stead of upon the arms or legs.  This has often given
great relief and produced the  most happy results.—
The blisters  have  the tendency to draw from the
throat and  the surrounding parts the poisonous mat-
ter, or at "least draw off some of the humours which
feed the  ulcers and sores in the mouth and throat
                      A.10 
                       32
 ' Bleeding is seldom advisable in this disease, except
it be in the very beginning, and then only if the pa-
tient  is of a very plethoric habit, (full  of blood.)—
More commendable would be local blood  evacua-
tions, in the beginning of the disease,  by cupping;
though I never had recourse to cither.

   Should there be much hoarseness, and  the patient
complain of much heat in the throat, there may be
given daily two or three doses of prescription No. 12,
for a few days.  But this will seldom be necessary if
other directions are properly followed.   1 have only
twice in many cases found it necessary, and then it
was more with the intention of promoting perspira-
tion, which Avas plainly indicated by a moist skin.

   It is almost impossible to err fn the application of
the above mentioned remedies, if guided by reasona-
ble indications and a  sound judgment; Avhich indica-
tions Avill be better comprehended by reading attentive-
ly the cases described hereafter.  To make the matter
more plain Ave will, after having thus extensively de-
scribed the treatment  of this disease, reduce it to five
recapitulating heads, which, if judiciously persevered
in, Avill effect a happy and  speedy cure.

   I.  The first  necessary remedy is a vomit.   (See
directions how to  give  it.)  After the stomach is a-
gain settled, say about 12 or 16 hours after the vomr
it, give
   II.   A dose of calomel, regulated according to the
age of the  patient, and followed by a dose of salts
(if a grown person, a table-spoon-full will answer; if
a child under 14 years old, one or  two  tea-spoons- 
                        33
full.)   It may be necessapy to repeat both vomit and
physic in two or three days.

   III.   As soon as the throat is sore, gargling should
be used every three or four hours; if ulcers and mat-
ter are visible, of the stronger gargles; if neither mat-
ter nor ulcers are  visible, and there are only redness
and pain, the gargles of the milder kind will answer.
But always remember, that no food or drink is to be
given at any time until  the throat has been cleaned ef-
fectually by gargling or "washing.
   IV.   One  or more blisters will be necessary; first
on the back of the neck or on the throat, and second-
ly, on the  arm  or calves of the legs.  The blisters
must be well attended.   (See directions.)   The lini-
ment, No.  11, and the mustard plaster may be used
before the  blister is had reeourse to; but I would al-
ways prefer an effectual remedy to an uncertain one;
and therefore I would advise the blister at once.

   V   The drink of the patient may be as before men-
tioned.  The diet should be of a light but nourishing
nature.  Cold water and rich food should be especially
avoided.  Also, fresh fish and eggs.  I have seen pa-
tients recover in half the usual time, who used neither,
while others who observed no abstinence paid dearly
for their whistle, by greatly delaying their recovery.

   Therefore, since experience has taught me, I have
made it a  practice to forbid, strictly, the use of cold
water and  strong  diet, by patients afflicted  with this
disease.  Other .physicians may laugh at this, and
they are perfectly welcome to do so, but they are not
my masters.   I speak  conscientiously, guided by the?
                       All 
                        34
 experience of many years, and  also, in accordance
 with the opinion of some of the best European phy-
 sicians.  Let others try the same, and if no benefit is de-
 rived from abstinence, then it is time enough to resort
 to ridicule.  I am well aAvare of  the fact that there
 are men among the vast number of physicians in our
 country, Avho will ridicule every thing that does not
 agree with their notions and judgment.   But let it be
 remembered that their visions are obscured by ignor-
 ant prejudice. Let  them, also, remember  that the
 ideas held forth in these pages are sanctioned by other
 medical writers, of modern and ancient Europe—men
 of eminence and acknowledged science.

   I shall now proeeed to the description of a few of
 the great number of cases which came under my care
 and observation during the years 1845 and 1846; all
 of which were treated in the  above described manner
 with one exception, that of a young lady, on accoun
 of an unforseen and unavoidable circumstance.   But
 even  that  case, desperate and dangeronsly difficut,
 was, under the blessing of God, safely guided, and
 the lady restored to perfect health.  (See case No. 2.)

                   CASE No. 1

   A girl of about four years of age, attacked with the
 Black Tongue; throat very red and  signs of ulcers;
 much anxiety and restlessness; fever more  or less,
 through the day, always increasing toAvards evening
 ana after night; loss of appetite; a coated brown look-
 in/ tongue; swallowing difficult and sometimes pain-
 ful; stiffness of the neck and inclination  to vomit, to-
gether with headache; bowels in a costive state. 
                       35
  A vomit was immediately given, consisting of An-
timonial wine, which brought up a quantity of green-
ish-looking matter or bile, and produced also one or
two passages downward.  This Avas in the morning.
Gargles of the milder kind were used during the day,
and in the evening a blister Avas put on the throat and
a dose of Calomel given, which Avas followed the next
morning by Salts.  Three or four very offensive stools
of a blackish color were effected.   The blister had
drawn well, it was poulticed attentively and the gar-
gles Avere continued.  Upon the next day, in the af-
ternoon, the  vomit was repeated, there being much
appearance of matter in the throat with tolerable high
fever.  About twelve or sixteen hours after the vo-
mit, another dose of Calomel was given, folloAved in
about four hours by a second dose of Salts.  The
patient was directed to drink sour drinks, composed
of vinegar, Avater and honey.  The blister  at this
time Avas put on the back  of the neck; the physic
operated well, the stools having yet a putrid smell,
and  darkly colored.  The  breath was also bad..—
During the night a tolerable quiet sleep ensued, to-
gether with a slight perspiration.  After that time she
commenced mending rapidly; the  gargling  of the
throat and the poulticing of the blister was still con-
tinued; and in about three days more the physic Avas
repeated, after Avhich the throat gradually assumed a
natural appearance; and  in  about eight days the pa-
tient Avas free from the disease and beyond danger.
                   CASE No. 2.

  A young lady of about eighteen years old, of a
spare* habit and delicate constitution, taken with the
                       Al2 
                       36
same  disease; for several days  used domestic reme-
dies without effect.  About the sixth day I was call-
ed on 'to see her, and found her in a pitiful situation.
A pale, mournful countenance; a small, weak pulse;
very bad, putrid-looking ulcers in the throat, having
■cabs of a blackish color; a very offensive breath, per-
ceptible as soon  as the room was entered;a sick sto-
mach, together with loss of appetite; great dejection
of the mind; costiveness of the bowels; restlessness
and disturbed sleep at night; Aveakness  of the eyes,
so that  she could not endure the light; some head-
ache; more or less fever through  the  day; difficulty
in sAvalloAving and stiffness  of the neck.  A vomit
Avas  immediately given which brought away much
bilious-looking,  offensive matter.  A dose of Calomel
was next administered, the strongest gargles of Myrrh
and Cayenne pepper Avere ordered to  be used, and a
blister was put on the back  of the neck; the patient
being accustomed to smoking Avas allowed to smoke,
Avhich she said gave her ease; about the  third day af-
ter, the  vomit and physic Avere repeated, and  the pa-
tient ordered to  drink acid drinks.   The symptoms
appeared favorable, Avhen  unfortunately, as the time
of her catamenia arrived, she Avas suddenly attacked
Avith a violent flooding; Avhich, in her already weak
condition, produced a great and fearfully dangerous
prostration.   Four grains of Opium Avere mixed Avith
forty grains of Sugar of Lead; and divided into twelve
poAvders, one of  which was directed to  be taken every
half hour until the flooding ceased.  After taking four
of the poAvders she Avas relieved of the flooding, but
excessive costiveness had been produced, Avhich per-
haps increased the already existing tendency to putre- 
                       37
faction   The consequence Avas that her throat grew
worse; her breath became so offensive that persons
could scarcely remain in the room; pieces of putrid
flesh began to separate themselves from the inside of
the mouth, which appeared as if it had been lacerated
Avith a saw; spots of a putrid, blackish color appear-
ed in all parts of the mouth; there was great weakness;
a hardly perceptible pulse; headache, danger of faint-
ing.  Under these circumstances the strongest kinds of
gargles Avere  used as often as possible, and .doses of
Calomel repeated hourly, Avhich soon produced a
slight salivation, upon the appearance of which the
patient immediately began to mend, her throat gradu-
ally getting better.   By continued gargling and  at-
tention to the regular evacuation  of the boAvels, she
finally recovered.   No  cold Avater was allowed du-
ring the progress of her sickness.
                   CASE No. 3.
   A boy of about twelve years of age was taken sick
 during the summer of 1846; had  been sick about four
 days when I saw him for the first time.  I found his
 throat somewhat swollen,  and having small white
 spots on both sides; a sick stomach, Avith considera-
 ble  headache;  high fever, but dry skin; anxiety and
 restlessness;  loss of appetite; difficulty in  swallowing,
 with some stiffness of the neck; his tongue was coat-
 ed Avith a  yellowish brown  coat; his pulse 110; his
 eyes inflamed.
   A vomit was given of Antimonial wine, followed by
 a dose of Calomel and  Salts; a blister was put on the
 back of the neck, and red pepper mixed  Avith vinegar
 and honey, used as a gargle.  In forty-eight hours the 
                       3S
 vomit and physic were repeated; after that he appear-
 ed to be getting better; his throat did not look as bad
 as before; his pulse was better; his headache  was
 gone.   He was ordered to continue the gargling and
 take more Salts the next morning.  That night, the
 window having been accidentally left open, he caught
 cold, and in the  morning Avas much worse.   His
 throat at noon appeared full of matter; fever had in-
 creased; sickness in the stomach prevailed; inclina-
 tion  to sleep; also  difficulty of breathing; running of
 matter from the nose; bowels costive, having neglect-
 ed to take the Salts as directed; and breath offensive.
 A dose  of Calomel was given, followed by Salts; the
 blister laid on the  calves of the leg; the gargles con-
 tinued, and sour wine, in a diluted state, was ordered
 to be given.  In three days the physic  was  again re-
 peated;  after which  his throat gradually assumed  a
 natural  appearance, his fever  altogether disappeared
 and he recovered.   The blister on the  leg, however,
 remained unhealed about four weeks longer; having
 been suffered to  remain on too long.
                   CASE No. 4.
   The sister of  the above mentioned boy, about ten
years of age, took sick about the same  time.   She
 had very high fever, Avhich eaused delirium; a loath-
 ing of all kind of food; complaint of Aveight about the
 stomach; tongue coated Avith a white-looking slime;
 difficulty in swallowing, and  the appearance of small
 white-looking ulcers in the throat; much headache;
 inflamed eyes and  restlessness.
 -  A  vomit  Avas given, folloAved by a  good dose of
 Calomel; a blister  put  on the back of  the neck the 
                         39
 mild gargles "directed to be used, and in forty-eight
 hours the vomit and physic repeated.  Two days after,
 a dose of Salts was given, after which her throat be-
 gan to assume a natural appearance, and all the symp-
 toms of the disease disappeared; she having fallen into
 a light perspiration after  the operation of the second
 physic.  In six days she was again well.
                   CASE No. 5.
   A lady of about 50 years of age was attacked with
 a burning in the throat, difficulty of  swallowing, se-
 vere headache, and other symptoms belonging to this
 fatal disease.  Domestic  remedies were applied, but
 to no purpose.  She was seen on the third day after
 the attack.  There appeared ulcers and matter in the
 throat;  fever, headache, loss  of appetite, difficulty of
 swalloAving, stiffness of the  neck, Aveight about the
 stomach, anxiety, tightness about the heart, difficult
 breathing, hollow voice, much  weakness, and tongue
 very brown.
   A vomit was given, followed by a dose of Calomel
 and Salts.  A  mustard  plaster  was  applied to the
 throat,  gargles of  the stronger kind ordered to be
 used, and her feet to be bathed in  warm Avater.   She
 appeared to be better after the vomit and physic had
 operated, but in forty-eight hours both Avere repeated,
 the gargles continued and sour drinks given; she was
 also  permitted to smoke tobacco, having been in that .
 habit.   Her diet was light but nourishing; no cold
 water Avas allowed, and after the second physic her
throat grew better, the fever disappeared and without
any further  prescription she recovered, she  having
been sick about eight days. 
                       40
                  CASE No. 6.
  A boy of about sixteen  years, having been at a
neighbor's where the Black Tongue prevailed, was
attacked the next night.  Paying but little attention
to the symptoms, and having exposed  himself in a
shower of rain during the  day, in the  night he be-
came delirious.  When first seen by me, sAvelling had
commenced in his throat, Avith the appearance of ul-
cers and offensive matter.   There Avas, also, fever; an
offensive breath, desire to vomit, inflamed eyes, paia
in the stomach, headache, and difficulty in swallow-
ing.   His voice was changed, and his  pulse extremely
variable.  A vomit was given, followed by Calomel
and Salts.  A blister Avas applied to  the back of the
neck, and gargles of  Myrrh  and Cayenne  pepper
used.  The next night heagain became delirious, and
continued so three nights successively, perfectly ra-
tional  through the day, though fearful of death.  In
forty-eight hours the emetic and physic  wrere repeat-
ed, the gargles still  continued, his feet bathed  in
warm  Avater,  and mustard plasters applied to the
calves of the legs.. The delirium, then disappeared,
but  the ulcers in the throat  appeared  dangerous.—
Therefore, another vomit Avas given, during the opera-
tion of which he perspired freely,  which was en-
couraged by the administration of  Avarm drinks.—
From that time forward he  grew better; the throat as-
sumed its natural appearance; his fever disappeared-,
his appetite increased^ his  sleep was without inter-
ruption, and finally he  recovered, having been sick
about  twelve days.   His breath  was very offensive
until after  the  perspiration commenced.   No cold
water or strong  diet Avas permitted" in his case. 
    41
CASE No. 7.
   A girl of about nine years of age, had been sick for
 about one AA'eek, having during that time used many
 domestic remedies to no purpose.   When first seen,
 she could not talk above  a  whisper; her throat was
 eovered by ashy-looking  spots and matter; a green-
 ish-looking water oozed from her nose; the fever was
 high; she complained much  of pain in the stomach;
 her breath was offensive in the highest degree; a ner-
 vous twitching in her arms  and feet  was observed,
 with sunken  eyes, a pale cadavarous countenance and
 skin hot and  dry-

   A strong emetic of Antimonial Avine Avas giA-en,and
 a  blister applied  to  the back of  the  neck; after, the
 emetic had operated  and the blister drawn, a dose of
 Calomel Avas giA-en, followed by salts, and gargles
 were used, of strong warm vinegar mixed Avith honey.
 The Calomel brought aAvay a number of worms, after
 which the twitching  of her limbs ceased.   No cold
 water Avas permitted.  The third day another vomit
 was given, and after  that,  during four days* repeated
 doses of Calomel, and upon the fifth dayrin the mern-
 ing, a dose of Salts, which produced four or five stools
 of a blackish color  and very offensive smell..  The
 gargling was, during all this time, continued once at
 least every four hours.  A light sAveat, together Avith
 a  slight eruption  on her  aims, began to make their
 appearance, and from  that time she commenced  to
 mend.   Her throat began  to look better;  the Avater
 ceased to run from her nose; her voice became morq
natural; her breath  ceased to smell.  She had been
alloAVcd to drink, daily,  vinegar  from pickled' red 
                       42
"beets, diluted with Avater, which she much relished.
 After the  operation of the second vomit and physic,
 her fever disappeared, and in about eighteen days she
 was entirely well.

                   CASE No. 8.
   A young Avoman  of ahout twenty  years of age;
 complained of much giddiness of the head; sick sto-
 mach; pain in  the throat, especially Avhen  swallow-
 ing, with stiffness of the neck.  Ulcers Avere fonnd
 dn the throat, and the  tongue of a brown color, ap-
 parently very thickly coated; her voice was changed
 greatly; her breath smelled  bad; there Avafe also some
 fever.

   A vomit Avas given, and strong gargles were used;
 in sixteen hours after the vomit, twenty  grains of
 Calomel folloAved; four hours after, a table-spoon-full
 of Salts and a Mustard plaster upon the throat.   The
 next day about half a dose of Calomel  Avas given
 without  any salts; the gargles Avere continued, upon
 the two following days a half dose of Calomel was
 given each day, and on the fourth day a small dose
 of Salts, which brought away much offensive, dark-
 colored matter, after which the giddiness of the head
 altogether disappeared, and hex throat commenced to
 appear more clean, but a little red.  Gargles ©f fhe
 ■milder kind Avere now ordered to be used, and a tea-
 spoon-full of Salts directed  to be taken the  next day;
.after Avhich time  she mended rapidly, and soon gain-
ed her former strength, being of a robust constitution.
 The drinking of cold vvrater Avas prohibited.

   Many more cases might be described, but these may 
                        43
 suffice as an illustration of the treatment prescribed
 in these pages; and all that is necessary to insure a
 favorable result is, to follow reasonable indications
 and apply immediate and effectual remedies.  Then,
 and then only, the cure prescribed for this aAvful dis-
 ease will prove itself to be infallible.

 TO PURIFY THE  AIR AND PREVENT THE
                  INFECTION.
   Take one quart of tar, one pint of  rye whiskey
and two  ounces of finely powdered Gum  Myrrh;
 mix all  Avell  together.  Then put into an  iron or
 earthen vessel some  live coals, and on  them pour
three or four table-spoons-full of the above mixture,
and  smoke the house, particularly the chamber of the
patient, Avhich  may be repeated  three or four times
during each day.  This remedy,  simple as it  is, will
purify the air  and give considerable ease to the pa-
tient.  If there exists in the patient any difficulty of
breathing, or  oppression, no  additional  uneasiness
will be experienced because of this smoke.  At least
 I have never heard a patient complain thereof; while
it has effectually prevented the contagion from attack-
ing those engaged as nurses, except  in cases  Avhere
the  infection  had  been previously imparted.   The
rosin Avhich oozes from wounds upon  the pine  tree
might, perhaps, answer the same purpose where tar
can not be had; arid the smoking should be continu-
ed as long as any one about the  house continues ta
be affected with the disease. 
PRESCRIPTIONS ALLUDED TO IN THE FORE-
             GOING TREATMENT.
JVo. 1.  Vomit for persons of fourteen years and vpwards.
  Take Ipecacuanha, from 15 to 20 grains; Tartar  em-
etic, 2 grains; mix with about four table-spoons-full of
hot water until  perfectly dissolved.  Give the patient
two table-spoons-fall, and in fifteen minutes after, ret
him drink a  pint or  half pint of warm Avater.  It this be
without eflect, in fifieen minutes more give him another
table-3poon  fall of the mixture,  followed by more warm
water.  If vomiting is not  produeed  afte* the second
dose,  give him another spoon-full of the mixture, fol-
lowed by warm Avater.  The more warm water he drinks
the easier will be the operation.

JVo. 2.  Jl vomit for children from four to five years of age.
   Give the  patient  Antimonial Avine, (from an apothe^
eary or physician) from  one ta four tea-spoons-full, in
warm Avater, every  fifieen minutps, till the desired effect
is produced. Let the doses be accompanied  by repeat-
ed drinks of warm water, as  above directed, and the
quantity of  the medicine regulated according  to the age
of the patient, (see table J

JVo. 3.  Physic for adults of fom-laen years and upwards^.
   From 15  to 20 grains of Calomel, taken in honey, ap-
ple-butter, or molasses,. folloAved in about  six or eight
hours by from a half ounce to an ounce  of Salts.

Ao. 4.  Physic for children from one to fourteen years old.
   Take Calomel, the dose regulated  according to age,
(see table) followed  in three or four hours by one or two
tea-spoons-full of Salts or Castor Oil.

            fio. 5.  Another, for the same:
   Take one ounce of Senna leaves, and  a half ounce of 
                         45
 Manna; put it into a quart of water and boil down to a
 pint; which strain.  Of this a person  above fourteen
 years may take three table-spoons-full every two hours^
 until it operates.  Children  from  two to fourteen  years
 old, one or two table-spoons-full every four hours, as
 above.   This  physic is of a very mild nature, and, if
 prepared in the above manner, is seldom injurious, even
 when too freely used.
             JVo. 6.  Another mild physic.
   Take  an ounce of Salts, finely powdered, and mix
 thoroughly with a  half ounce of Magnesia.  Give an
 adult two  table-spoons-full in sweet milk, or sage tea,
 every four hours until it begins to operate.  A child may
 lake from  one (o two  tea;spoons-full every  two hours,
 until it operates.                                 *
              JVo. 7.   A mild acid drink.
   Take one ounce of Oil of Vitriol; COIeum Vitrioh) mix
 with eight ounces of water and about three table-spoons-
 full of Brandy or Alcohol.  Of this mixture drop about
 one hundred drops into a pint of water, which an adujt
 patient  may drink during one day.  If under fourteen
 years, one  fourth or one-half of the pint will do for one
 day.  Vinegar in which red beets have been pickled,
 diluted  with  water, may  answer in some cases  in its
 stead; or sour cider  vinegar, mixed with water,  may be
 given more or less during the day, and when drink is
 asked for by the patient.
              JVo. 8.  A strong gargle.
   Take Gum Mynh, once ounce; powder it coarsely and
 add Cayenne pepper, one-tourth of an ounce; put both
 into one pint of French Brandy; let it stand  in a Avarm
 place for two or three  days, shaking it occasionally.—
Then, in order to prepare it for gargling, take one tea-
 spoon-full of it to about one tea-spoon-full of warm wa-
ter, or vinegar, and gargle  with  it every three or four 
                        4ff
hours.   If you want to make it stronger and more effec-
tual, take two or three tea spoons-full of it to a tea-cup-
full of strong warm vinegar.

         JVo. 9.  A mild gargle for  children.
  Take Blackberry juice, one tea-spoon full; strong vine-
gar, one tea-cup-full, and three  table-spoons-full of ho-
ney; mix it  well; then put one table-spoon-full of the
mixture into one tea-cup-full of warm water, and gargle
with it.   This is one of the mildest gargles that can be
procured.

               JVo. 10.   For Injection.
  Take halt a tea-cup-full of Sweet Oil, mix it  with
about a pint of sweet milk, somewhat warm; this quanti-
ty will answer for an adult; for children the quantity may
be somewhat decreased.   A syringe may be used for
administering it; if one can not be had a bladder Avith a
quill tied into it may answer for the  same purpose.

                JVo. 11.  A Liniment.
  Take  Hartshorn, two ounces; Sweet Oil, two ounces;
shake them  well together; then anoint the outside of the
neck three or four times a day, with about two lea spoons-
full of it at a time.  Or a flannel rag may be made wet
with the mixture and laid on the throat; and in the course
of five or six hours it may be removed.

            To prepare a Mustard Plaster.
  Take yellow Mustard,  ground or  powdered, say two
table-spoons-full, and add to it  a  sufficient  quantity  of
stroEg vinegar to make it the consistence of mush; then
spread it upon a muslin or linen rag  about the size of a
hand or less, (to be spread about one-fourth of an inch
in thickness J and lay it on the throat or back of the neck.
When it has made the skin a good deal  red, Cwhich will
require, sometimes, only  half an hour, othertimes, from 
                         47
four to six hours,J take it off, grease a rag with a little
sweet tallow or lard, and lay it on the parts, which will
make them again easy.  If it should  have raised small
blisters, a poultice of light bread and sweet milk must
be applied, the blisters drawn and the water let out be-
fore a greased rag is put  on; because,  if  this be neglect-
ed, the water  in the blisters will  produce irritation aati
soreness.

Directions for the drawing andattenlion of a Fly Blister.
  Spread Spanish fly blister salve (which  may  be ob-
tained of any apothecary or iegulai  physician,j on a
piece of coarse linen or  soft leather about three inches
long and four inches broad, for the back of  the neck,  or,
if for the throat, about two and a half inches broad and
four or five  inches in length.  Rub the  parts  to which
this plaster is to be applied, with a woolen rag dipped"
in warm vinegar; then lay the blister on; let it lay some
lour or eight hours, when very likely it will have drawn
a bladder, which must be opened on the lower part with
a pair of scissors, making an incision of about  one inch,
taking care that the water which  runs out does  not touch
any other parts of the flesh; for it is of such a  corroding
nature, sometimes;, as to produce a blister wherever it.
touches.  WThen thus opened,  a poultice of soft light
bread boiled in sweet milk,  to the consistence or thick-
Bess of mush, must  be applied until the water ceases to
run from the Avound; and  renewed  every four or  six
hours, when a small rag, greased Avith sweet oil, fresh
lard or butter, laid on about once a day will heal it.   If
a little sweet cream be applied to the sides of each poul-
tice it will  prevent  the  poultice from  adhering  lo  the-
skin when about to  be removed.  The  more a blister is
poulticed, the better for the patient.  It after  ihe blister
has laid on  for the time specified, there  should be small
white blisters visible, like watery pimples, about the size 
                         48
 of a pea, the plaster may be removed, and a poultice  of
 fight bread  and sweet milk applied; or a cabbage leaf
 scalded with boiling water, or wilted by the fire, will
 answer,  permitting either to lay on about one hour.—
 This will have drawn the bladder up, which must be
 opened and  treated as before stated.  A blister once used
 upon a patient  afflicted with this disease, must never be
 applied to any one else; for it has been observed, in more
 than one case, to infect others Avith the same disease.—
 This may seem strange, but it is nevertheless so, and de-
 serves the attention of practising physicians.  The blis-
 ter ought to  be  burnt, or,  if used again, let it be used by
 the same person.

   It has happened some times that the person on Avhom
 a blister is drawn, becomes affected with a kind of stran-
 gury, or difficulty of voiding urine, attended with pain
 in the parts.   This need not produce uneasiness or un-
 necessary fear.   If it should take place, let the patient
 drink flaxseed tea, or tea made of parsley  root, and ap-
 ply a warm  poultice to the lower parts of the stomach,
 such as hops boiled in Avater,  or even rags dipped in
 warm water. They must, however, be renewed when
 they begin to get cold, and discontinued when the  diffi-
culty and pain ceases. 
Table of tbe Doses for Different Ages, Intended as a Guide to the Foregoing Treatment.
Doses.	Children 1 month old.	3 Months 6 months j x oW old. old. J			4 years old.	8 years old.	14 yearsold.	Adults.
Dose of Calomel for 11-2 grain. physic.		21-2 grains.	3 grains.	4 grains.	6 grains.	10 grains. 15 grains.		20 to 25 grs., if a male; 15 to 20 grs., if a female.
Antimonial Wine as a vomit.	6 drops ev-ery 10 min. until effec-tual.	12 drops, re-peated in 10 minutes.	18 grains.	A small tea-IA tea-spoon-spoonful, re- f'ul, repeated peated in 15|10 min., un-minutes. |til effectual.		2 tea-spoons-L , ,, full, repeat- J table-spoon edinlOrnin-,ul e,vel7 15 utH. jmmutes.		2 table-spoonsfull in 10 min., un-til effectual.*
Dose of Salts to follow the Calomel.	1-2 teaspoon-I'ul, disolveil in tea or wa-ter.	A tea-spoon-ful, repeated in 12 hours ii iccessary.	A good tea-spoonful.	1 1-2 tea-spoons-full.	2 tea-spoons-full.	3 tea-spoons-full	1 table spoonful.	2 table spoons-iull, and more if necessary.
j 1-2 teaspoon-Dose of mil every six Castor Oil. hours, until |it operates.		A small tea-spoon-f'ul.	1 good tea- 1 1-2 tea-spoonful, spoons-full.		2 tea-spoons-full.	1 tablespoon-t'ul.	1 1-2 table-spoons-lull.	From 2 to 3 table-spoons-full
*In each casa warm water to be given freely after the wine.								
 
4 
A TREATISE ON THE MEASLES.
  The Measles  commonly are of so mild a nature
that, with ordinary care, but  few children die Avith
them, unless there already exists a complaint of  the
breast, or hereditary disposition  to  Consumption.—
But there are examples on record of Measles having
existed in different places  Avhich put an end to  the
lives of all attacked.  From  this cause, I suppose,
the ancient Latins gave that disease the name  of Mor-
billi,  or  the  little Plague; and  of  this description
were  the  Measles Avhich existed in  Stockholm  in
1713, Avhere so many persons died.   A more malig-
nant description of Measles existed  in Vienna in  the
year 1732; most of the patients having died with mor-
tification  in the throat on the third or fourth day.  In
London the Measles prevailed in 1672 to such a fatal
extent that the deaths numbered three hundred  per
week.  The Measles which  existed in Edinburgh,
in Scotland, was of so mild a nature, that only about
every twelfth  patient died.  Ace- n-c'ing  to Morton's
account, there died, in 1672, in London, three thou-
sand six  hundred persons in three months Avith  the
Measles;  and  in the year 1742, there died nine hun-
dred and  eighty-one in the same place.   The Mea&lea
which then prevailed Avcrc  no doubt of a malignant
character.

  The Measles most always r.xist epidemically, and
the contagion is  spread  in the same manner as that
of the Small Pox. They have consequently their own
peculiar poison, Avhich hardly ever  exists in the  air,
                      All 
                       52
but is carried about and scattered over a country by
the people and their clothing; therefore, it is possible
to escape them, just as well as the Small Pox, if care
is taken not to go Avhere the Measles are.  Nor is it
possible that a person should be tAvice afflicted Avith
the Measles if properly cured upon the first attack.—
HoAvever, in cases of improper treatment, when they
have been imperfectly cured, a return is not at all im-j
possible.  An example of this kind is mentioned by
Dr. Home in his " Medical Facts and Experiments,"
page 250.  Dr. ITaarrman and Dr. De Hasn say it is
possible to have the Measles the second time,but they,
and others avIio maintain the same idea, have against
them a majority of physicians, Avho are of a  contrary
opinion, to wit,  that no  one who  has had the real
Measles once, and been actually cured,  will be ever
after afflicted Avith them again.   Dr. Roserrstein says
he has  never seen it once during a practice  of forty-
four  years.

    No age or sex  is exempt  from the attacks of this
 complaint, and the aged man  and the infant arc equal-
 ly liable.  It  is true that in some places, where the
 Measles were prevailing, some  persons  did not  get
 them, remaining free  from them during their exis-
  tence;  it may also be that in every hundred persons,
  four or five will never get them.  As Avith the Small
  Pox, so it may be with the Measles; but nothing can
  be said of this with certainty.   It is, and will remain
  a supposition, upon Avhich no foundation of a gene-
  ral rule can be laid.

    Commonly, the Measles  will attack children, but
  very old people have taken them too, Avhile thorp are 
                        53
 examples on record of children being born withihem.
 But they never come through fear or fright.   When
 the Measles commence  in a place, or  neighborhood,
 they generally continue so long as there are any left
 who have never had them, or until the healthy per-
 sons, through fear, are induced to shun all intercourse
 with those who are afflicted with them, Avhich should
 be especially practised if the Measles are of a malig-
 nant nature.   It is generally supposed that the Small
 Pox after six Aveeks loses its infective poAver in a per-
 son affected by it, provided he then changes his cloth-
 ing.  According to this, the patients under the Mea-
 sles should not be bound ona quarntineof that length;
 because the infective poAver of the Measles, it is said,
 will not last as long as that of the Small Pox.

  A return of the Measles is supposed to be frequent
 by the unlearned classes  of people, but the  skilful
 physician will usually  find  the disease to be either
 Chicken  Pox, Scarlet Fever, or some other eruptive
 fever, the distinction between which the ignorant are
 unable to make.

                  SYMPTOMS.
  If, during the prevalence of the Measles, there ap-
pears a dry cough, frequent sneezing, running of Ava-
 ter  from  the eyes and nose, whieh appears Avarm  to
 the person affected, Avith more or less  fever, then be-
yond a doubt he is about to be attacked by  the Mea-
sles.  These signs are always present  with the Mea-
elss; but in an epidemic of Measles it may happen
that  the symptoms are  somewhat  changed, and re-
quire an experienced, penetrating and discerning judg-
ment to recognise them.  Generally, they commence 
                       54
with a feeling of coldness, folloAved by a hot stage
of uncertain duration.  This heat increases upon the
second day, and there appears a dry cough; running,
watery eyes, and frequent sneezing.   If the cough is
frequent and violent, the eyes run  less, and the sneez-
ing is not so frequent; and so on the contrary, if the
cough is light and seldom, the eyes will  run more,
and the  sneezing be more  frequent.   Besides this the
face looks somewhat bloated, the  eyelids begin to
SAvell, and are somewhat difficult to open,  with aver-
sion to light; the patient complains of weakness, heavi-
ness of the head; a feeling of weight on the breast, pain
in the throat and small of the back.  An inclination to
vomit, or actual vomiting comes  on, together with a
loathing of food; great thirst; a coated, Avhiteish-look-
ing tongue;  cholic, and  a  loose state of the bowels;
bleeding of the nose and delirium, and, in some cases,
passing convulsive fits.  All  these are attended by
great inclination to sleep, and  a continued high fever,.
 which, however, is not found in all cases.
   About  the fourth day there appear, in great num-
bers, on the face, small' red spot?, Avhich on the first
day are a little elevated  above  the skin-.  In th-s con-
sists the grand  distinction between the Measles and
 the Scarlet Fever.  On  the second day after appear-
 ing, these spots are even  with the skin, and appear
in, broad red spots; their shape is not always round,
but they may be of  all  kinds of shapes  and forms;
 they increase gradually in number and size, and ap-
 pear by degrees, on the neck, breast, arms, back, legs,
 and all over the body.  But on their first appearance
 they appear as even, red spots.. 
                        55
   These symptoms do  not  decrease  in violence or
strength through the eruption, as in the Small Pox.
The vomiting only ceases in some cases.   On  the
contrary,  the symptoms increase in  violence, espe-
cially the fever, the weight on the breast, the difficul-
ty of breathing,  the cough, the weakness and the wa-
tering of the eyes;  together Avith  the  disposition to
sleep, and loathing of all food.

   On the sixth  or  seventh day the skin on the face
and forehead begins to feel a little rough; the spots
thereon decrease in number, and dry off; while those
on other parts of the body are larger  and more red.
On the eighth day there is scarcely one of them to
be seen on the whole body; on the ninth day they ab-
together disappear.   But instead of these spots, it will
be observed that the skin peals ofl in small, thin scales;
or that the surface of the body appears as if sprinkled
over Avith flour; now, persons generally suppose that
all danger is over;  but at this time it  often  happens
that fever returns stronger than before; the difficulty
of breathing increases, and the  cough  is so hard and
troublesome,that the patient finds no rest.  Frequent-
ly there now appears a diahrroea, which proves sud-
denly beneficial, but which, if too severe, will weak-
en the patient, and if it continues, may induce linger-
ing fever, or consumption, and should  be attended to
carefully.   Should no diarrhoea appear at this period
the patient will nevertheless do well if a moderate per-
spiration folloAvs, or should be induced.  A  repeated
bleeding of  the  nose will remove the headache and
heaviness of the head, together  with the soreness of
the eyes, neck, or throat.  If only the proper evacur-
                       Alfi 
                       56
ations, hereafter mentioned, are carefully attended to,
there will be no cause to fear the above sad and dan-
gerous consequences.
  But  if it should  happen that the fever continues,
together with the cough, and the breathing grows more
difficult, Avith hot breath, and there appears a redness
of the cheeks, these are bad symptoms, and indicate
a disposition to inflamation of the lungs.   If the fever
continues and a violent pain in the side appears, then
the patient certainly is in great danger; also, if the
throat  becomes  inflamed  and swelled so that the
draAving of breath is difficult and the SAvallowing pain-
ful.  Should the fever decrease, but still  daily show
itself, accompanied by difficult breathing, or shortness
of breath, emaciation of the patient, and the cough-
ing up of much matter, it may be considered as a sign
of an already formed ulcer or sore in the lungs.

   If the  Measles strike in too soon, in consequence
of  which the patient becomes delirious, then  is he
also in great danger.  Very red or pale looking spots,
also indicate approaching danger.  Also, Measles that
break out at an earlier or later period than above stated,
are more or less dangerous.
   In some epidemics the Measles are, in many chil-
 dren, of so mild a nature that the eruption appears be-
fore they complain of any -sickness Avhatever.   Preg-
nant  Avomen  and  women in  child-bed, are  in great
danger with the Measles, and require very careful at-
 tention.   Persons having  a weak breast, or a disposi-
 tion to haemorrhage, are always in more danger  and
 suffer more through the cough than others   Convul-
 sion fits  are to be feared, if the patient,during the first 
                       57
stage of the Measles, sweats -a good deal and passe %
little or no urine.  The excitement of the mind in fe-
males, by anger or fear, is accompanied Avith great
danger to the child if it has the Measles,and is allow-
ed to suck  at that time.

  Small Pox and Measles sometimes exist in a neigh-
borhood at the same  time.  But  it is seldom that a
person has Small Pox and Measles at the same time,
although Dr. Bergius mentions some examples of that
kind.

  The cause of the Measles is no other than the Mea-
sle poison, which mixes itself with  the blood, and pro-
duces or creates an irritation. The  troublesome cough
is produced from a part of the poison being draAvn into
the lungs through the  breath, and having there  pro-
duced the same kind of an eruption inwardly as  ap-
pears externally, hindering, in a measure, the  excrea-
tion of the  same.   Externally the eruption falls off in
scales, or like flour; this  happens  in  the lungs, also,
but they being ahvays moist, the  process is slower.
In the meantime they contain something Avhich con-
tinually irritates the patient to cough, and in no other
manner can it be brought away, except by coughing.
If Avhat is  coughed up grows harder, or of a more
solid nature, then it Avill so much easier carry along
with it the above mentioned scales or flour-like mat-
ter.  That this  is so, may be plainly seen by atten-
tively reading Dr. Homes'description of the progress
of the Measles, in cases produced  by him by innocu-
lation, as in the Small  Pox.  The  most of them hi.tl
no  cough at all, but some feAv had  a slight cough,
Avhich was  of so mild a nature that no attention was
                      a17 
                      58
paid to it.   It will be observed, from what has been
said, that Avhile the Small Pox has four different stages,
the Measles ha"ve but three.
  The first (Stadium contagii,) commences  with the
beginning  of the sickness, and ends when the Measles
appear, or break out.
  The second (Stadium eruptionis) commences from
the time of the eruption, and ends Avhen it begins to
peal off in scales or  like fine powder.
  The third (Stadium exarescentiee) commences Aviih
the sixth and seventh day, and ends  Avith the eighth
and ninth, when the Measles will have disappeared.

  We Avill consider each of them separate, and show
some  of the attention which is, more or less, neces-
sary during the different stages of the Measles.
  The First Stage.—If the existing Measles are of
a mild character,  and the patient has otherwise no
breast complaint,  there Avill be seldom any thing else
necessary than good nursing.   The  nursing is some-
what similar to that required in the  Small Pox, only
that the patient requires more AVarm  drink, more bed-
clothes, and a warmer bed-room.  The patient ought
not to eat or drink  any thing sour, on account of the
troublesome  cough.  The poison of the Measles is
more subtle than  in the Small Pox,  and can therefore
far easier go inward again, in consequence  of Avhich
the patient Avith the Measles requires greater care than
with the  Small Pox.   The room Avhere the patient
lays ought not to be croAved; only  those engaged in
nursing should be alloAvcd to be Avith him; also, there
 ought to be little light in  the room  during  the nio-ht 
                         59
  If the Measles Avhich exist in a neighborhood are of a
 very malignant character, then it is always necessary.
    First, to bleed; regulating the quantity of blood ta-
  ken according to the age and constitution  of the pa-
  tient.   There might be many reasons given  to show
  the necessity of this, but I only quote the  celebrated
  Dr. Mead, who always bled his patients in the Mea-
  sles,'that an inflamation of the lungs might be preven-
  ted.   The blood Avas ahvays coated with a  thick hide
  of bad-looking matter, when suffered  to get cold.—
  He also says that under this treatment he neArer lost a
  patient.  Dr. Rosenstein agrees Avith  him  in  this
  matter,  and says  it is  absolutely necessary,  if there
 are signs  of an inflamamatory state of the blood and
 system.
   Secondly, it is necessary that the patient either take
 a vomit or a physic, according to circumstances.   If
 there is a a inclination to  vomit, an unclean looking
 tongue, Avith a bitter taste in the  mouth, and giddi-
 ness  and headache, then the vomiting ought to be en-
 couraged.   To  this  end the patient may drink Avarm
 Avater, or get from the apothecary three grains of Ipe-
 cacuanha, which mix thoroughly with eighteen grains
 of loaf sugar, and divide into three equal parts.  One
 of these is a dose  for a child of about two or three
 years old,  and may be taken in a little Avarm tea.  If
 it does not vomit  in fifteen minutes, give another;  if
 Avithout effect, in fifteen  minutes give the third pow-
 der, after which certainly vomiting Avill follow.
   If none  of  the aforementioned indications are pre-
 sent,  but the stomach of the patient appears bloated,
■with a rumbling noise in the bowels and an inrli;<s-
                       J.1S 
                       60
tion to stool, but without a passage, then a mild laxa-
tive is necessary, Avhich may be Castor Oil or Salts-
Ifattention is paid  to  the timely evacuations of the
stomach and boAvels before the Measles break out, it
Avill prevent many other difficulties during the further
progress of the disease; and especially, it Avill render
the diarrhoea, Avhich generally comes on the eighth or
ninth day, of a mild nature and healing consequence.

   If the patient should in the beginning, be troubled
with pain in the stomach and diarrhoea, he  must at
any rate make use of a mild laxative, Avhich may con-
sist of a light dose of Rhubarb, Avhich medicine has
a tendency to  take off the cause of the irritation of
the bowels and stomach, and also, by degrees, stop
the diarrhoea.

   Thirdly:—After this the patient may make use of
the following means, more or less; first, a little light-
er bed  covering; second, a little less heat in the room,
taking  care not to catch cold; third, milk-warm teas,
of sage, catnip, or mint-

   Care must also be taken of the eyes, keeping them
from the light, and AArashing"occasionally with a little
good rose water, which will Avash away the sharp Ava-
ter and prevent the eyes from becoming inflamed.

   If the nose should  bleed,  it ought not  to be sup-
pressed suddenly, for the  bleeding will have  a ten-
dency  to remove the headache and delirium; but if it
should continue too long, so that the  face groAvs pale
and the hands and feet get  cold, or until  the patient
begins to complain of an inclination to vomit, then it
ought  to be immediately stopped, Avhich may be done- 
                       61
as follows.  Rub a little alum in the Avhite of an egg
until the egg forms in lumps; then  take a little cot-
ton, dipped  in this substance, and insert in the nos-
tril as far as it can be got.   It may be left in for a day
or tAvo.

   The  cough is always the greatest trouble in the
Measles, for Avhich a good remedy  may be found in
tea of elder blossoms, mixed with about a fifth part of
sweet milk and sweetened Avith a little sugar or mo-
lasses   A good addition to this will be a little liquo-
rice dissolved  in the tea.   The cough is very difficult
and troublesome, but seldom dangerous until after the
Measles are  gone.  If the  throat should have an ap-
pearance as  if getting sore, a  mild gargle of sage tea,
sweetened Avith honey, should be used; or flaxseed
tea may answer the same end.  Externally, a Mus-
tard plaster may be applied  until the  skin becomes
someAvhat reddened.

   The Second Stage.—When the fourth day comes
round, the patient should remain as  quiet as possible,
for noAV a very mild perspiration only is to be de-
sired    Experience has shown that the Measles then
Avill come out Avell and leave free the  interior of the
body.   He may  then, if  deemed necessary, take a
mild vomit, but especially warm drinks  are to be  re-
commended, Avhich are necessary,  even when  Mea-
sles have come out Avell.  After the eruption appears,
the color of it deserves  our attention next; and also
whether it continues three days or  not, and Avhether
it gradually  disappears in the same order as it appear-
ed.  If the color be very red, cooling vegetable drink
should be freely given; but if only in some places red 
                        62
and in others pale, a little warm tea of common Sheep
Saffron may be giA'en, or a'dose or two of SAveet Spirits
of Nitre, regulated according to age, is an excellent
remedy at  this stage, Avhich  will ansAver also if the
Measles should strike in again too early.  Or the pa-
tient may freely use tea of elder blossoms, and if he is
delirious lay a Spanish fly blister upon the back of his
neck and permit it  to draw effectually.   Also,  Mus-
tard plasters may be applied to the calves of the legs
If by these means the Measles appear again, then there*
is no need of fear of danger, but it is advisable, how-
ever, to keep the patient secure from cold, anger, fright,
ect., so that the Measles may not strike in again.

   The patient Avill generally  in this stage be very
restless, and requires, therefore, so  much more  care
and attention from those Avho have  him in charge.

   The Third Stage.—This is the most dangerous
period, Avhich soon determines  the fate of the patient.
The closest attention to the patient  is therefore high-
ly necessary.   If it is found that the skin  is soft, and
the pulse decreasing in  strength, then„a mild perspi-
ration or good SAveat may be expected, during Avhich
the fever will disappear.   Some lukewarm drink may
be given during the  perspiration.  But if the perspi-
ration  or  sweat does not  come on, and there is no
rumbling noise in the boAvels, nor a bloated state  of
the stomach, then warm drinks, such as mint or pen-
nyroyal tea, are highly  necessary, in  order  to bring
perspiration, taking care not to give  more than is nec-
cessary for that purpose.  Rut if the skin should be
dry, and the patient complain of ague in the stomach,
together with a rumbling in the boAvels, then diarrhoea 
                       63
may be expected, Avhich generally comes on sudden-
ly, producing perhaps ten or twelve stools in a very
short time.  If this  gives relief, so  that the cough
groAVS less, the  eyes look livelier, the patient can
move with less difficulty, and the bloated slate of the
stomach disappears, then the diarrhoea will be follow-
ed by good consequences, and must not be checked
too soon.  If it should be attended by much pain,
which Avill not cease upon applying a Avarm poultice
to the stomach, the patient may take a small dose  of
Rhubarb, according to his age, and lay upon the sto-
mach a plaster composed as follows:  A quarter  of
(in  ounce of Theriac, half a drachm  of Nutmeg oil,
and three drops of Oil of Caraway; Avhich mix care-
fully and spread upon a piece of leather, to be applied
to the stomach.   But if the diarrhoea should become
too violent and continue too  long, it must then  be
checked, Avhich may be done in different ways; either
by some scorched flour, stirred  in  sweet milk and
given to  the  patient, or by a powder composed of
 four parts of Camphor finely powdered, and one part
 Opium, (say four grains of Camphor, and one grain,
 or a half grain of Opium.)   If the disease does not
 yield to this treatment and the fever  increases, with a
 continuance of the cough, difficulty  of breathing,  the
 breath feels hot and there is a redness of the  cheeks,
 then a neAV fever io forming, Avhich is called peripneu-
 monia or inflamation of the lungs.
    This is very  dangerous.   The patient  should be
 bled immediately, and in the  same arm or side Avhere
 the  reddest cheek  is; after which lay a Spanish fly
 blister between the shoulders, and when it has draAvn,
 another  one on  the  side from which the blood has 
                      64
been taken.  If a difficulty of voiding urine, or much
pam in the parts, should come on, a little flaxseed tea
will soon remove it.  If these means somewhat ease
the difficulty of breathing, then warm pennyroyal tea
may be given in order to produce a light sweat.  If the
patient after that commences to cough up a yellowish
matter, tinged with blood, then  there  is some hope
of his recovery, and acid  drinks may be given, such
as Cream of Tartar.
   Should he be costive at this time, an injection morn-
ing and evening may serve a good  purpose.  But if
the patient should have a violent pain in the side in-
stead of the above mentioned symptoms, and the fever
be increasing, blood should be taken from the arm of
the same side, and  a  Spanish  fly blister laid  on the
place where the pain is felt.  After it has drawn give
warm drinks freely; but as soon as the coughing up
of matter commences, then the bleeding ought not to
be repeated, neither the SAveating too much encour-
aged, because  it may have a tendency to  stop the
cough, which at present is of great benefit to the pa-
tient in bringing away the bad  matter contained or
gathered in the lungs.
   If the patient will not permit a blister to be put on,
then a Mustard plaster may perhaps answer the same
end; or, rub the following composed oil upon the side
in Avhich the pain i« felt:   Take Oil of Flaxseed, or
Sweet Almonds, two ounces; dissolve in it half  an
ounce of Camphor, Avith which anoint the side three
or four times a day.  Or  blood  maybe drawn from
the side by cupping; but  if nothing of that kind can
be had, a half loaf of bread, fresh from the oven, laid 
                       65
on as hot as  it can be endured, will answer some-
times just as well.  But  it may happen that as the
fever decreases it reappears every afternoon, together
Avith a hoarseness and shortness of breath, and cough-
ing up of much matter; then the patient should use a
good deal of milk, especially if he seems to fall aAvay
in flesh; or the following drink may be used:   Boil
one ounce of Perifvian  bark in one quart of water for
about fifteen minutes; then strain it, and add to it one
quart of sweet milk; drink one quart of it during one
day, if the patient be an adult; for children, give less.
This drink will be of great benefit, if the evacuations
of the stomach and bowels have  been Avell attended
to before using it.
  The eyes, also, in the third stage  of the Measles,
are generally red and may become very troublesome
if not taken care of.  It has been directed before  to
wash them with roseAvater, but if this has not been
sufficient to allay the inflammation, there may be some
leaches applied to the temples 07  eyelids; or, a small
Spanish fly blister may be laid on each temple, and
well drawn, after which mild laxative medicine should
be administered, such as Castor Oil  or Salts; which,
according to his strength, may be repeated once  or
twice; or one of the following poultices may be laid
over the eyes:   Take the Avhite of an egg,  beat it up
Avith alum until it becomes thick; then spread a linen
rag and  apply  it—to be reneAved  in about six hours.
Or you  may take raAV  potatoes,  scraped finely and
spread upon a rag; lay  it on and  reneAV it  every two
or three hours.  Or you may apply a poultice made
of li°-ht bread and sweet milk, and reneAV it every six
hours,   Or you may take a red winter apple, roast it 
                       66
under hot ashes, then take the  seed out and mash it
up, and mix under it about five grains of finely pow-
dered Camphor; spread a poultice of it and lay it on,
reneAving it every six hours.  Camphor will not pow-
der Avell, except you drop on  it a few drops of Sul-
phuric iEther; when that cannot be had and the pow-
dered Camphor is only intended for external  use, a
little good rye whiskey  may then be dropped on it,
which will ansAver sufficiently well for external use.
  Enough has been said to enable a discerning mind
to form an idea  of the treatment necessary for a fa-
vorable result in this disease; it is true, circumstances
happen Avhich  Avould require  some alterations, but
that will depend upon so many different  causes, that
it Avill be difficult to lay down or prescribe a treat-
ment for so many supposed cases.   Neither Avould it
answer here, for it would only perplex the minds of
some, who Avould not be able  to distinguish the right
remedy from  the Avrong one, having had little or no
experience in that line  of business.  Therefore, let
them  make good use of what has been laid down,
follow reasonable  indications, apply suitable reme-
dies, and the  Measles will be very easy to manage,
if good care is taken.. 
    A SHORT TREATISE ON THE SCARLET
            FEVER.—[SCARLATINA.]

   This is a fever accompanied by a nearly scarlet
 eruption,  from which, perhaps, the complaint derives
 its name.   Children- are oftener attacked with it than
 adults.  This fever makes its appearance seldom, yet
 is not confined to any particular season of the year,
 but may appear at all seasons.   It bears some resem-
 blance to the Measles, and also the Putrid Sore Throat,
 and the (so called) Wild Fire; but the whole progress
 of the disease and the bad consequences which some-
 times follow u:rgo to show plainly that the disease
 deserves an exclusive title of distinction, and a care-
 ful treatment.

   ft generally  commences  with  a soreness of the
 throat, together with a weakness  and increased sen-
 sibility of the whole body.   After ten or tAvelve hours
 there appears a sickness of the  stomach, a vomiting
 of bad matter, mixed more  or  less Avith galk. shiver-
 mgl headache, and a; great inclination to sleep on the
 first day; sometimes the  soreness and swelling of the
 throat will increase  very rapidly; when  the patient
 awakes from a sleep, he  will be very restless and ap-
 pear very anxious and fretful, having a difficulty of
 breathing, and a short heavy breath.  It is  seldom
 that convulsive fits will make their appearance.
   [fn some the eruption will, after the foregoing symp-
 toms have appeared, break out and show itself on the
second or third  day, in  small red spots.   They ap-
pear first  in the face, and on the neck; then on the. 
                       68
breast, stomach, feet, legs, and nearly the whole body.
The eruption will occupy, in most cases, from twen-
ty-four to  thirty-six hours, and  sometimes  longer,
spreading gradually; and if the redness of the face be-
gins somewhat to diminish, then the feet and legs will
look so much more inflamed.  This eruptbn is  not
in the least elevated abjA'e  the skin; but it Avill hap-
pen  that the part of the body which looks the red-
dest will seem somewhat thicker  and rather SAvelled
than the rest, but which Avill disappear when the red-
ness goes away.  If the finger is pressed hard it will
look white, but soon 4t will regain its  former  red
color Avhen AvithdraAvn.
  Until the end of  the fourth day the swelling will,
in most cases, be someAvhat difficult, and it will also
be noticed that the speaking is difficult, and apparent-
ly through the nose; after the fourth day more or  less
hoarseness  sIioavs itself, and some commence to cough
up  much matter  and  corruption.   By gargling  the
throat, the difficulty of shallowing will be  greatly
removed, the eyes Avill look more lively, and'the pa-
tient will be in  better humour.
  On the  same day it  will happen, sometimes, that
there will come on four,  five, or  six thin stools sud-
denly,  Avhich give, at times, great relief.   Some have
a bleeding of the nose on or about the end of the fifth
day, which Avill also tend to enliven the patient; others
Avill get it on the seventh day or later, but also in  a
light manner.
  The heat and the fever, which  has been tolerable
high, especially in the afternoon and toAvards evening,
will now generally commence to decrease and •<»<•■ t
                                              C 
                         60
  milder,  but will seldom finally disappear until  the
  seventh  day.

    Delirium, if it does happen, will generally happen
  towards the evening of the third or fourth day, but is
  not of much consequence, if it only disappears in the
  hours Avhen the fever  is not too high, and is some-
  Avhat lessened.

    The pulse is more  or less frequent; in some very
  strong; in  others weak; and they will be harder  af-
  fected than others.
    The stools will seldom operate themselves, except
  on the mentioned day.  If a sweat takes place it will
 mostly happen on the night of the fifth day; seldom
 before that time.
    There  is generally not so much spitting as in other
 wore throats, neither so much sneezing as in the mea-
 sles, if any at all; the nose appears dry inAvardly; the
 eyes do not run; the urine sometimes passes Avith dif-
 ficulty, but is not so red as might be expected on ac-
 count  of  the great heat.  It will be seldom mixed
 with blood, though some writers  have recorded ex-
 amples of it.
   Hardly any will be troubled with a cough until tlie
 throat begins to loosen, and then  the  coughing will
 be  beneficial to the patient.
  The patient  complains mostly of soreness of the
 throat, the heat of the skin and the thirst accompany-
 ing it   On the fifth day the redness of the face, and
upon the  next  day,  the redness of the body,  will
gradually  diminish, so that on the eighth day little or
 none will be seen. 
                       70
  On the sixth or  seventh day some  have observed
ia some patients, especially behind the ears and upon
the  neck, feet, and hands, small pale dry blisters; they
gradually spread, and then commences the pealing ofl
of the thin skin over the whole body.   This peal-
ing off, in some cases, progresses rapidly; in others
it takes from two to three weeks, particularly if the
eruption has been  great,  Dr. Plenciz has observed
that some cases had no pealing off of the skin at all.
  With the  eighth and ninth  day the disease will,
generally, apparently disappear; but it has been ob-
served, that patients who exposed themselves to the
air  before the ninth day, were seized Avith a dropsy
of the skin, or gathering of  water under the hide, in
which condition they  voided an ashy, grey-looking
urine, with a sediment of the same color.  After the
uinth day, the patient  generally ceases to complain,
gets a good appetite and begins to rest well.   But the
 main  thing now depends on not  feeling too secure;
 for from exposure, or a neglect  to stay in the room
 and  take a  mild  laxative occasionally,  or  observe
 a mild diet, the patient may bu afflicted Avith  a swell-
 ing of the glands, something like the  mumps, or per-
 haps of the Avliole  body; a fever will  come on again,
 together Avith anxiety, restlessness,  oppression and
 shortness of breath;  the urine  then  Avill only pass
 sparingly and sometimes bloody.   At  this  period,
 that is, from the ninth :o the tenth day, many patients
 loose their lives; not from the Scarlet  Fever, but from
 the consequences  of their own carelessness.  I will
 here insert  some of the observations  of  Dr.  Plenciz:
    1, Such a drops)' may follow sometimes, at any rate,
 especially if there has  been much of an eruption, bu t 
                        71
that is no absolute consequence belonging to the disease.
  2,*That the swelling was generally greatest in those
upon  whom there had been much pealing off of the skin-;
but a few cases have happened in which there was much
watery swelling  and scarcely any  pealing off  of the
skin.
  3, That children ate more  subject to  it than adult
persons.
  4, That it happened to a greater extent  in the winter
than in the summer; and especially in those exposed to
the air during and between the ninth and twentieth days.
  5, That more will die in this period than during the
eruption; on account of carelessness.
  6, That it may  be prevented altogether by keeping the
patient in the room, moderately warm, and using every
second or third day a mild laxative, with moderation in
eating and drinking.
   I have thus far  partially described  the symptoms
and progress of this disease; and  it may be perhaps
just to say,  that the  Scarlet Fever as far  as is known,
exists epidemically;  but the  opinion i9 generally pre-
valent, that  no  one will be twice afflicted with  it  It
will affect different persons of different constitutions
in different ways, according as they are more or less
susceptible  to the poison and the subsequent  infec-
tion of it.
  By carefully reading the foregoing description, the
Scarlet Fev^r will be easy to distinguish from other
diseases, particularly when it is known to  be  in the
neighborhood.   It is true it  has,  in  the beginning,
nearly all the-symptoms of other eruptive fevers; but
if the patient has had the Small Pox already, there is
no need of  fear from it; neither if  the left  eye does 
                       72
not run, or water, and the eyes feel not hot, there will
be no need of looking for  the Small Pox; and if there
is no dry cough or frequent sneezing, and no running
of a hot water out of the  eyes, there need be no ex-
pectation or fear of the  Measles.   After the eruption
is once out, it is not easy  to make a mistake then.—
Altogether, the  progress of the Scarlet Fever and ita
accompanying  incidents,  plainly show that  it is a
particular disease, separate altogether from other erup-
tive fevers, for,
  1st., In the Srnill Pox, the  eruption stands over  the
skin and is  soon  changed to matter and suppuration,  but
in the Scarlet Fever the spots are level, and not at all
elevated above the skin.
  2nd,  In the Measles the eruption is not so red, and on
the first day it is somewhat elevated above  the skin in
the face, the eyes run a kind of hot water, the sneezing
is continued, the skin peals off more like flour, the scales
not being so large as in Scarlet Fever.  Besides this, the
fever in the latter disease nearly disappears on the eighth
day, while in the Measles, on the eighth or ninth day the
fever is higher, the breathing more difficult and the cough
more troublesome.  Also, the  soreness of the throat is
not se great in  other eruptive fevers  as in the Scarlet
Fever, and  the small, pale empty bladders  behind  the
ears and on the hands, feet, or neck, with  which  the
pealing off  often commences, are not observed in other
eruptive fevers.  The cause of Scarlet Fever is just as
little known as the cause of the Small Pox and Measles;
but it is known that the  disease is contagious.
   That the skin is somewhat inflamed in this disease
is not difficult to see, for  to inflamation belong red-
ness, heat, pain, and swelling;  but  the  inflamation
heie is not of such a nature  as to produce suppura- 
                       73
tion or tne formation of matter, but only causes tLc
external skin to separate from the internal and fall off
in consequence;  the inflamation of the throat must be
of the same nature as the inflamation of the skin, for
it neither causes suppuration, but falls off in like man-
ner, though carelessness brings on mortification.—
Dr. Plenciz has shown in his observations on Scarlet
Fever, that such pealing off  of the skin in the throat
actually took place.
   The Scarlet Fever is sometimes so mild that only
good nursing is needed; at other times so violent and
malignant as to prove fatal on the first or second day.
   It is generally called  a good sign,  if the eruption
appears gradually and not before the  third  day; and
if the fever grows less after  the eruption has appear-
ed, it  is also a favorable symptom.
   Great  inflamation  in  the  throat and difficulty in
swallowing; great heat of the skin; a quick but Aveak
pulse; difficult heavy breathing; weakness and  high
fever; great inclination  to sleep, or no sleep at all
great delirium, preceded by painful headache;  restless-
ness,  and tossing  in the bed, and  picking with the         i
fingers in the air, are dangerous symptoms.
   If the  eruption  should  appear irregularly, and in
places looking more or  less  red, then there may fol-
low a frightful delirium, which will bring on death.
preceded, sometimes, by a deadness of one side of the         '
body; if it should then happen that a kind of bloody
matter runs out of  the ears, or from one ear only,
there  is some cause  to hope for the  better.  In the
lime of the breaking out of the eruption, some pa-
tients spit away bloody-looking matter, and also pass
bloody urine, folioAved by more or less sAvelling of
ihp hndv afterwards. 
                       74
   If after -a severe attack of* the fever, the patient lose*
 ins appetite, looks pale, complains of Aveakness and
 can not pass his urine freely, he is in danger of drops}*,
 and  speedy aid is necessary.
   The cure is nearly similar to that prescribed in the
 first  period of the Measles.  As a drink, water first
 boiled and then mixed with about one-third of sweet
 milk, is advisable, and the patient  should not, under
 the most favorable circumstances, leave his room un-
 der three weeks.
   When, the feve?is violent, the patient, if an adult.
 should be bled,, which may. perhaps be  necessary to
 repeat in eight or twelve hours} for children, cupping
 of the back of the neck and breast may ansAver.   If
 there is much sickness of the stomach, accompanied
 by vomiting, itshould.be encouraged by giving Avarm
 water, or a-.vomit may be given Avith good effect.—
 Wherr-the vomitingshas ceased, Avhich sometimes hap-
 pens soon, it is generally follewed by a s-tool; but if
 this should not happen, and the stomach is someAvhat
 bloated, a mild laxative should be given; such as Cas-
 tor Oil,  Salts, or Rhubarb.  If the eruption is expect-
 ed to appear soon, an injection of Sweet Oil and sweet
 milk  may.be administered instead of the laxative,
 which injection may be given once a day or every
other day,
  The throat also requires peculiar attention; to which
 end a handful of the dried- blossoms of hoHoAv haws,
mixed with two'table-spoonsful of bruised flaxseed,
boiled together to  a thick mush with SAveet milk, may
 be applied  as  a poultice to the throat, and renewed
two or three times; or a mustard plaster may be  ap- 
                         75
  used, composed of sage tea in which figs have been
  boiled, with which the patient should gargle his throat
  five or six times a day.  The nostrils may be moist-
  ened Avith a little sweet milk; if the nose appears very
  dry and stopped up, a rag dipped in vinegar in Avhich
  elder blossoms have been boiled, may be laid upon
  the  breast, that the steam  may pass to the patient's
  nose.  If all this will give no relief, a small  Spanish
  fly blister may be  laid behind the ear until effectually
  drawn.
    If the patient coughs up lumps  of  slime it is a fa-
  vorable indication, and the neck  and throat should
 then be well  covered, and gargles freely used Avith
 cooling drinks.  If bleeding of the nose comes on, it
 may be stopped as directed in the treatment of Mea-
 sles.
   In case of high fever and delirium upon the evening
 of the first day, which delirium ceases when the fever
 decreases, it is only necessary to give such medicines
 as  tend to allay the fever as before mentioned. But if
 the delirium returns on the sixth, seventh or folloAv-
 ing days,  then it is dangerous and  requires attention;
 if an adult, bleeding may be used  and a Spanish fly
 blister laid on the back of the neck; if a child, injec-
 tions may be given and mustard  plasters laid on the
 calves of the legs.  On the fourth  and fifth day, tea
 of elder blossoms may be freely given, for before tha*
 time it Avill be useless to give any thing to encourage
 perspiration, as the skin can not be moist as long as
 it is inflamed.  It is not advisable to give strong me-
dicines or teas to produce sweating, but when a per-
spiration takes place, it should be carefully attended to.
  When the fever and redness of skin disappears, and 
                     76
the patient recovers his appetite, his stomach should
be rubbed morning and evening Avith a woolen  rag
smoked with Juniper berries, a mild laxative be-given
every two or three days and the utmost care taken in
his diet.
  If symptoms of dropsy should appear, let the  pa-
tient  freely drink tea of roasted Jumper berries, or
flaxseed, parsley root,  ect., and continue the laxatives
until all appearance of the disease isgone.  Then the
body of the patient may be Avashed with warm wine
or brandy once  or twice  a day, which will tend to
revive his strength.
  By careful attention during the progress of this  dis-
ease, and the application of such means as have been
mentioned, the most favorable results may be confi-
dently  expected.
        RECEIPTS OF GREAT VALUE.
For the Dropsy, or Watery Swelling of the
             Legs, Arms axd Body.
  Dropsy is known  by a  SAvelling of the feet and
legs, sometimes of the arms and body, upon which a
mark or hollow is left after a pressure by the finger.
The receipt here prescribed is simple, but worthy of
confidence, as it has been the means of saving many
lives.   Its use should be  continued three or four
Aveeks, or as many months, if necessary.
  Take tAvo handsfull of the inside of dogAvood bark,
boil it in half a gallon of  strong  vinegar about half
an hour; then put into it thirty-five or forty old rusty
iron nails, and boil  about tAventy minutes lono-er,
which will make it look as black as ink; then take it
off, strain it, let  it cool and settle. Avhen it is fit  for 
                       n
 use.  After a physic has been taken, of salts or cas-
 tor oil, give the patient, if he be an adult, half a tea-
 cupful three  times a day, if over twenty years old,
 one small teacup-ful three times a day; a patient from
 frve to fourteen years old may take from three to four
 tablespoons-full * three  times a day; from two to five
 years old, from one  to^two  tablespoons-full  three
 times a day, is  sufficient.
   The  first four doses may  produce  sickness and
 vomiting, but after that no inconvenience will be felt.
 The water will pass off in the ordinary manner in a
 surprising quantity.  Parsley root tea may be given.
 or flaxseed tea,< during  the use of the medicine.

        Another for the same Disease.
   Take one oucc of Saltpetre, and  dissolve  it in half
 a gallon of Avater.  After a physic has been taken, the
 dose for an adult over  twenty years of age  is, a tea-
 cupful twice a  day; from five to ten years  old, two
tablespoonsful three times a day.   Flax seed tea or
parsley-root tea should also be given.  This is a safe
and speedy cure, if the patient is otherwise healthy.
The use of it should be continued three or four weeks,
or longer if necessary.

            Another for the Same.
  Take the inner bark of what is called White Elder,
from the first joint above the ground doAvn to the
ground, pealed downward, of Avhich put one good
handful into one quart  of water; boil it down to one
pint, strain and drink of it one pint per day for  three
days.   Then take the  inner  bark of the root of the
same elder, (pealed doAvnAvard also) tAvo good hands-
ful, and put it into one quart  of Avater;  boil it down 
                       78
to one pint, then strain and  take half a tea-cupful
every four hours, until it operates freely on the bowels.
This will occupy four days; after which it should be
continued in the same manner for twelve days more;
that is to say, the tea of the bark of the stem is to be
used for  three days, and the fourth  day, the bark of
the root  is to  be used  in tea as  a physic, and so on
al:e.-nating.   Children  under fourteen  years  should
take a lesser quantity, in proportion to their age.—
Tea of parsley or flaxseed may also be used.

For Baldness of the Head, and Falling out of
                   the Hair.
   This receipt has been kept very secret in Europe
during many  years.  Take sweet Almond  Oil, one
pound and a half; two ounces of Alkanna root, (Radix
Alkanna;) four ounces of white Wax;  two ounces of
Spermaceti, and twenty or thirty drops of Oil of Roses,
Avhich procure at a druggist's.  Put the Alkanna root
in the oil, and simmer over a sIoav fire for about three
hours.  In the meantime  melt the white Wax and
Spermaceti in another vessel.  When the oil has got
a very red color, take it off and strain it; then mix the
other with it  and Avhen it begins to get cold stir in
the Oil of Roses.   Put it into a  close vessel, that it
may not loose its pleasant scent.
   Wash the head clean Avith Castile Soap, and comb
it Avell, that the  skin may  be as clean as possible;
then rub  the mixture about the size of a hulled chest-
nut upon the head, morning  and  night, every day.—
If this is  continued from three to nine  months, it is
sure to cover the head Avith a luxuriant growth of
hair.  It has never been knoAvn to fail, provided the
person that used it was under fifty years of age. 
                       79
  A Remedy for Rheumatism and pains in the
                    Joints.
   Take half a pint of Spirits of Turpentine; half a
gill of Sweet Oil; two teaspoonsful ©f pulverized Salt-
petre, and two tablespoonsful of Tar; simmer all over
a coal fire, till it commences to smoke freely.
   Wash the painful parts with it morning and even-
ing, using  about two tablespoonsful at each time; but
be careful not to get wet by sain.  .From three to ten
drops may  be taken inwardly during the external uee
of it, in the morning and evening.

   For the Weed (so called) in the Breast.
   Take one  pint of Fish Oil, put into  it as much
Beeswax as will stiffen the oil to the consistency of
a thick salve; melt the two articles together, add hah
an ounce of Venice Turpentine, and simmer a short
time over a sIoav fire.
  Spread a plaster of this upon a piece of linen or
silk large enough  to cover the breast, and renew  it
every night and morning.  A small opening should
be cut in the middloof the plaster, in order to let the
nipple through and not prevent thechild from sucking
Another; which will Scatter the Hard Lu>n -
      in the  Breasts of Nursing'Women.
  Take  what  is called No. 6, say two ounces, and
strong Camphor Whiskey, one ounce; mix them well,
Avarm the mixture into which dip a flannel rag, and
lav it on the part of the  breast affected, as hot as ii
can be borne; renew it whenever  it  gets cold and h
will effect a speedy cure.

     Invaluable Salve for Sore NirrLEs
  Take four ounces of Sweet Oil. half an -ounc*  < 
                       so
refined Borax pulverized very finely, two ounces  ot
Spermaceti, half an ounce of white Wax; mix all to-
gether over a slow fire, stirring it often until the Borax
dissolves; then let it get eold; if it should be too stiff,
let it be melted again and a  little more oil added; if
not stiff enough, a little  more Spermaceti should be
added.
  Anoint the nipples and the skin around them with
the salve, morning, noon and night; always taking
ciire to Avipe the nipples  clean before the child is put
* > the breast.

         For the Worms in Children.
  There are several symptoms by which we are en-
abled to judge whether a child has worms or not, and
in order to make it more discernible,  I shall describe
some of the symptoms^
  The symptoms of worms  generally are, a changea-
ble color of face, sometimes very pale, sometimes red;
 i blueish looking ring under the eyes; itching of the
nose, in  consequence ofv which  children often pick
their  nose or  rub it; headache after eating*,  Avatering
• >f the mouth at night; restlessness  in sleep; gritting
of the teeth during, sleep;, thinst in the morning; an
inclination to fainting;  giddiness of', the head and a
i mging. noise in the ears; sometimes a craving appe-
iue,at other times the  sight of victuals can not be en-
 sured; bad smelling  breath; sometimes  sore gums.
with  vomiting; a feeling of oppression around the
heart; pains in the stomach, particularly in the region
 >.' the navel; the stools, at times, are  very loose and
 >riensive, other times there is great costiveness of the
 )OAvels;  the patient, notAvithstanding a good appetite.
  ■ mains  lean and poor;  is more  restless and peevisl. 
                       81
 in the dark of the moon  or at the time of the  new
 moon; grows fretful and  sometimes delirious, with
 fits.  Others get as stiff as a piece of Avood; lay for a
 while senseless; wake up  with a hard fit; groAv deli-
 rious; go to sleep  and  up on  waking  or recovering,
 knoAV nothing of Avhat has happened.   Some drink a
 good deal; others have a dry cough, resembling the
 hooping cough.  Alexander  Monroe  says that  the
 enlargement of the pupil of the eye was one of  the
 surest signs of Avorms; another sure sign is, if when
 a person feels sick at the stomach, he gets suddenly
 better after drinking a glass of cold water. The surest
 sign of all,is of course, when there are worms thrown
 up, or passed off by the stools; and we must not  ex-
 pect to find all these signs  in one person.   It is suf-
 ficient when there  are four or five of them present-
 Enough has been said to enable a discerning mind to
judge Avhether a child has Avorms or not. The reme-
 dy is:—
  Take garlic, either the root or leaves, and  the leaves
 of green  rue, each equal parts; pound them together
 and  press  the juice from  them.  Of this  give to a
 child six years old, fasting  in the  morning, two  tea-
spoonsful, the same at noon and in the evening at bed
time;  continue this  for about nine days, and upon the
 tenth day give a good dose of Salts or Castor Oil.—
This  course may have to be repeated three  times; but
it is a sure remedy for the worms, and will effectu-
ally destroy them if persevered in.

            Another for ihe Same.
  Take Carolina pink root, two ounces; Senna leaves,
two ounces; Wormseed, one ounce; put the whole
into half a gallon of water; boil it down to one quart:
                     a2H 
                       82
 then strain it and when settled pour off the  clear li-
 quor, which sweeten well.  Of this give a  child of
 four years old a tablespoonfui every four hours, until
 it commences  to operate on its bowels, after  which it
 is to be given  only twice or three times a day; always:
 either one hour before or after eating, and continued
 until no more Avorms pass off.  To children of older
 age the dose must be increased, and of younger years,
 diminished. This remedy I have never known to fail.
 If it should not operate upon the bowels sufficiently
 free, a little Castor Oil may be given occasionally.
      Secret Remedy for the Tapeworm
   Take one fourth of an ounce of the poAvdered  root
 of Male Fern;  mix  it with a glass of Avater and drink
 it, fasting in the morning, and repeat the same at bed
 time.  Continue this for five days;  then take the fol-
 loAving pill the sixth day, fasting:  Calomel, twelve
 grains; Resin  of Scammony, five grains; Gum Gam-
boge, five grains; powder and mix the ingredients
 well and form  them into a pill, by  adding a drop or
 two of molasses and a little light bread.  If this should
 not operate freely by night, it may  be followed by .1
 dose of Salts  or Castor Oil.  This dose is for an a- .
 dult, and may be increased if the patient is of a robust
 habit, or diminished if of a weak constitution.  The
 process may be repeated five  or six times; during
 which the patient may eat freely of salt victuals, but
 drink as little as  possible.   This remedy has  cured
 its thousands in Germany and France.
           To Cure the Ringworm.
   Take linen or muslin rags and burn them on  the
 steel part of an axe; when burnt you will, after blow-
 ing off the ashes, find a kind of greasy fluid upon the 
                       83
 steel; with it rub the part well.  This should be re-
 peated morning and evening, and  continued for  two
 or three Aveeks, when it  will surely produce a cure.
 There are places in Germany where nothing else is
 used for this complaint.

  Remedy for a Disease generally called the
         "Shingles around the Waist."
   Rub the parts affected Avith the Oil of Cedar, morn-
 ing and night, for about two days,  ff this produces
 a burning pain that can be no longer borne, the blood
 of a black  cat may be rubbed on tAvice  a day, until
 cured.
   The rubbing on of cat's  blood  may seem ridicu-
 lous in the eyes of some, but let them try it, *nd per-
 haps their ridicule will cease, when forced  to admit
 that there exist remedies  in nature for the cure of dis-
 eases, the cause of which we are not able to explain.
 Whether the blood of a Avhite or broAvn cat Avill an-
 swer the same-purpose or not, and Avhy not,4s not my
 purpose  to  explain here; and  any one anxious to
 know may search the mystery himself.   I have tried
 the above; it has fully ansAvered its purpose in giving
 relief and performing a final cure, and what  experi-
 ence has taught me is good, I can conscientiously re-
 commend to others; Avhether they laugh at it or not
 is of little difference to me.
  Indian Cure for a Cancer  that has Roots,
  Take one or tAvo good sized  Avhite onions, pound
 tfiem Avell and make a poubice of them; lay it on the
 cancer for tAventy-four hours, after Avhich take it  off
and pull easy on the cancer, to see  whether it is loose
 or not; if it does  not seem to be loose, let a fresh
 onion poultice be applied for tAventy-four hours, after 
                      84
 Avhich try it again; if somewhat loose, then the root
 of the broad-leafed yellow dock, dried by the fire and
 finely powdered, should be sprinkled upon the roots
 of the cancer.   Again renew the onion poultice, and
 so repeat every morning and night, pulling the cancer
 slightly every day, and  sprinkling fresh powder on
 the roots until you can pull the cancer out by the
 roots.  The pulling of  it must be done carefully, so
 that the roots do not get torn.  This remedy Avill
 sometimes take a cancer out in eight days; sometimes,
 if a large one, it will require from four to six weeks.
 When  the  cancer is removed,  the wwand maybe
 healed up with any healing salve.

 For Shortness of Breath in Children from 1
 to 10 years old; sometimes called phthisic.
  Take two handsfull of the leaves of the  plant call-
 ed Motherworth, (the kind here meant has a square
stem,) fry it in about a tea-cupful of fresh, unsalted
butter; then add to it two middle sized red onions,
 (red in  the inside) sliced fine; frying it all together
 until the butter  begins  to look brown, taking care,
 however, not to scorch  or burn it; then strain and let
 it get cold.
  Bathe the child in warm Avater up to the arm-pits
 every evening; then  Avipe it  dry and  grease it Avell
 Avith the salve from  the neck to the pit of the sto-
 mach, rubbing it downwards; repeat the same every
 evening before going to bed, continue it for four or
 six weeks, and a sure and safe cure will be performed.

 For Shortness of  Breath in Adults; Called
                    Asthma.
  Take half a  pound of the green root of Swamp 
                       85
 Cabbage, (some call it Skunk Cabbage,) clean it well
 and slice it into  one quart of-Alcohol  or French
 Brandy; add  two  ounces of Valerian root, (Radix
 Valeriana) let it stand for about two weeks in a warm
 place, shaking it occasionally; then strain it and let it
 settle, pour off the clear liquor and it wfll'be fit for
 use.   Of this a person above-fifteen  years may take
 one tea-spoonful morning,  noon and  night, mixed
 with a little water in  which there  has been a  small
 quantity of assafoetida dissolved.  The dry powder of
 the roots, half a teaspoonfull three times a day for an
 adult, is also a sure and safe remedy for the above
 complaint.  The use  of it has to be continued, some-
 times, for three or sixrmonths.  If about thirty drops
 of sweet Anis Oil were added to the Alcohol after it
 is strained, it would prove a valuable addition.   The
 remedy is an oft tried  One, and will only require per-
 severance to insure  a favorable result.

         Remedy for Pain in the Bones.
  Take the inner  bark of the prickly ash,  say two
goad handsful, put it  into  one quart of   French
brandy, add one handful of the inner bark of quaking
 asp; let it stand for about tAvo Aveeks in a Avarm place,
 shaking it occasionally.  'Take of  the brandy, every
 morning and nighty a table-spoonfull in wild cherry
 bark  tea.   Its use  should  be continued for two or
 three months, and the bowels kept loose during the
time by occasional doses of Salts or Castor Oil.  The
above dose is for a grown person.
         A Sure Remedy for the Ague.
  When the proper evacuations have been attended
to and there is no appearance of bile in the stomach, 
                       86
(which may be known by the formerly coated tongue
beginning to look clean, the bitter taste in the mouth
being gone, &c,) take two ounces of Peruvian Bark,
one ounce of Cream of Tartar, one ounce of Cloves,
one ounce of Gentian Root; pulverize the  two last,
and mix all together and put them into one quart of
French Brandy or good old Rye Whiskey; let it stand
for  three or four days in a warm place.  Of this let
a groAvn person take  a  tablespoonful  every hour in
tea of dog-AVood bark, and continue the same three or
four times a day for two weeks after the-ague has dis-
appeared.  For children give smaller doses.
  Any one with Avhom the spirits will not agree, may
infuse the ingredients- in half a gallon of water and
simmer it over a coal fire for a few hours, then the
dose for an adult will be half a teacupful every hour,
and for a child from  five to fourteen  years old, one
tablespoonful every hour.  The infusion  in brandy
is, hoAvever, best.
  This is a remedy with Avhich; the fever  and ague
has been successfully cured in this neighborhood, and
in hundreds of cases  it has never been known to fail.


  A Preventative  for the Fever and  Agce.
  Take two ounces of Peruvian Bark, two  ounces of
Juniper Berries, one  Qjuarter of an ounce of Cayenne
Pepper, one ounce of Rhubarb coarsely poAvdered,
and  infuse the Avhole into a half gallon   of Avater;
simmer it over a sIoav fire for about four hours, then
add one pint of Rye Whiskey.
  For adults tAVO tablespoonsful, morning and night;
for children, from tAvo years old  and  upAvards. from 
                       87
one  to  two  teaspoonsfull  will do, mornings  and
evenings.

     To Insure Health and  Prolong Life.
   Take, for one week, two grains of white pepper,
morning and night, swallowing  them whole; during
the  week following, take four  grains morning and
night; the third week take eight grains morning  and
night, every day, and so continue, always taking three
Aveeks for the course.  A perseverance  in this sim-
ple  remedy will improve  the  health and  strength
gradually, give a good appetite  and prolong life,  if
such can be accomplished at all.  It is to be remem-
bered that it is the ripe fruit of the pepper shrub, that
is meant here, known generally to druggists as Avhite
pepper, and not the black pepper, sold in stores,
which is the unripe fruit of the pepper shrub.  Chil-
dren may use half of the above dose.
     A Certain and  safe Cure for the Bowel
                  Complaint.
   Take a small dose of Salts or Castor Oil; when  it
has operated take one tablespoonful of the following
tea every hour, until  you have  taken for six hours.
Wait tAvelve hours, and if not relieved, repeat the pro-
cess.  Children from tAvo years old and upwards, may
take  one teaspoonfull,  increasing according to age,
following through the same rule as above.  No cold
water should be given during the use of this  remedy.
The  tea is prepared as folloAvs:
   Take one good handful of the bark of the root of
black haw; boil it in one pint of  sweet milk for about
filteen or tAventy minutes, then strain it before using
This is a remedy never known lofail, though it may,
in the eyes of some, appear simple. 
                      88
     For the Dyspepsia and Sick Head Ache.
  After a good physic of Calomel and Salts or CastoT
Oil, (or agqod vomit may answer the same end) take
every morning, noon and night, of charcoal made of
green Avood of the white walnut, as much as will lay
upon a small teaspoon, for nine days successively.—
After this time take another physic, and  then repeat
the course of charcoal, and on the tenth day take  a
physic, and continue in that manner from three to six
months.   In the beginning it may give a little incon-
venience, but after a week  or two  no inconvenience
Avill be felt Avhatever, and in the end the greatest bene-
fit Avill be derived from it.  The  charcoal may be
mixed with honey, molasses, sweet milk, stewed ap-
ples, or something of the kind.  It may be prepared
as follows :
  Take the branches of the tree not exceeding two
inches in  diameter; take  off the barjc andchip the
wood, which put into a close covered skillet or oven,
and heat the same to a red heat for about half an hour.
Then let it cool and povvder the coal finely, leaving
it exposed to the atmosphere as short a time as pos-
sible.  It may be kept in a close corked bottle.  The
dose above mentioned is for an adult, but may be in-
creased if  necessary.

                For Worm Fits.
  Take of powdered Valerian root, one ounce; pow-
dered Rhubarb, half an ounce; Magnesia, half an
ounce; mix them thoroughly.  Dose for a child four
years old,half ateaspoonful three times a day,forabout
two weeks in succession.   For  a  child eight years
old, two teaspoonsful three times a day may be given
 n tea Or milk   If tbpCPflnCOO oVinnlrl nnavnta ~„ ±\ 
                      89
bowels too severely, give them  only twice a dav:
hoAvever they should produce a moderate effect upon
the bowels, and if they do not  do so, a little Caste-
Oil may be given every other day
To Stop the Wound of an Extracted Tooth from
                    Bleeding.
   Sprinkle copper filings  upon a  portion of cotton
large enough  to fill  the  wound;  insert  it, and  the
bleeding will stop as if by magic.  It is seldom that
a repetition will be necessary.
For the< Watery Eruption upon Children's Heads
   These eruptions often appear in  the shape of small
blisters, containing^,sharp, watery, yelloAvish fluid,
which burst open, spread over the head and form very
painful and troublesomes  sores, being of an itching
and  painful nature.  This remedy will speedily re-
move them and prevent their  return, if persevered in
for some length of time after  they have disappeared.
   Give the child every three  or four days, a dose of
Salts or Castor Oil, and let it abstain from  salt vic-
tuals and pork; in the meantime sprinkle finely poAv-
dered charcoal, made of green hickory Avood, upon the
place affected, renewing it eA'ery  morning.   Before
this,- hoAvever, the parts should be washed thoroughly
Avith castile soapsuds.   The head of the child should
be kept covered during the use  of this remedy.
      Splendid Eye-Water  for Weak Eyes.
   Take ten grains of  Sugar of  Lead and poAvder it
very fine, then dissolve it  in a half pint of rain water
or creek Avater.  In  the morning and eArening wash
the eyes Avith about one teaspoonful of the mixture
Before using, the eyes should  ahvays he Avashed with
cold, fresh  Avater. 
                       90
    Another for Weak, Sore, or Watery  Eyes.
   Ten grains of Sulphate of Zinc, (Avhite vitriol,) dis*
 solved in a half pint of rain or snow water, and ap-
 ply as above.   A Spanish fly blister laid on the back
 of the neck and effectually drawn, may also  be of
 great benefit to watery eyes.

           An Excellent Cough Syrup.
   Take four handsful of Elecampane root, two hands-
 ful of Wild Cherry bark; boil in one gallon of vine-
 gar until half boiled down; then strain and add three
 pounds of Loaf Sugar, and boil the whole to the con-
 sistency of a syrup.  Keep it in well stopped bottles,
 and give, for a child two years old, one teaspoonful
 three times a day; for an  adult, one or two table-
 spoonsful two or three times a day.  This is an ex-
 cellent remedy for coughs and colds  of every de-
 scription, applicable in almost  all cases and at all
 times.

 For Deafness, Produced by the Wax having Grown
                Hap.d in the Ear.
   Wash the ear well Avith castile soap suds; then Avipe
 dry and drop into it four or five drops of the grease
 of an eel; then insert in the ear, as far as possible, a
 wedge-shaped piece of Burgundy pitch, around Avhich
 should be Avrapped a little fine Bobinett, so that it
 may be readily Avithdrawn.  Continue this, renewing
it every morning and night for three  Aveeks; then a-
gain clean the ear thoroughly,and repeat the same pro-
cess, cleaning the ear every three Aveeks until a cure
is performed.  This remedy has cured deafness ari-
 sing from the above cause, Avhich had been of eight
years standing in a man about sixty vears old. 
                       91
       OPODELDOCK FOR Br-UIS-ES A.-NO SfRAINS.
  Take two ounces of clean White soap, slice it into
one pound of Alcohol.   Also:  an  ounce and a half of
Camphor put into one pound of Alcohol.  Let both
stand for  about six days, shaking  each occasionally,
after which pour the clear liquor from both prepara-
tions into  a bottle or jar with a wide mouth, and add
one drachm of the oil of Rosemary, stirring it  well.
Set it in a  cool place, when it will soon become thick
and be found an  excellent  remedy  for  sprains and
bruises of all descriptions.

          A Remedy for Mortification.
  Take four ounces of Alum, four ounces of flour of
Brimstone, one half pound of gun poAvder pulverised,
mix  all well together and sprinkle the affected  parts
with the mixture; or dissolve  a  tablespoonful of it
in one teacupful of strong vinegar, and wash the parts
with it three or four times a  day.  One small tea-
spoonful of this mixture may also  be taken inwardly
daily as long as the outward application is continued.

          For the Glanders  in Horses.
  Take Camphor, four  ounces; Alum, four  ounces:
Saltpetre, four ounces; Rosin, four ounces; Crude An-
timony, four ounces; Assafoetida,  four ounces; Toe-
mum Graecum, four ounces; Glauber Sals, four oun-
ces;  Flour of Brimstone, four ounces;  Indigo, two
ounces; pulverize it all together very finely,  and
sprinkle one tablespoonful  of  the mixture  over  the
horses food three times  a day.   When the horse gets
better  give it only tAvice a day.   Horses should be
fed on Avet wheat bran during the use of this remedy.
and  lime  Avater given daily as a drink. 
                      92
              Salve for the Piles.
  Take one drachm of Sugar of Lead, and twenty-five
grains of Opium; reduce  both ingredients to a very
fine bowder, and mix it thoroughly with two ounces
of fresh lard or butter; then  anoint the parts Avell with
it, morning and night; it will not only give great re-
lief,  but, if persevered in for a length of time,  will
perform a cure   Every six or eight days a  dose  of
Salts or Castor Oil should be taken.

      A Q,uick Remedy  for Colic  in Horses.
  Take a portion of hair  from the foretop, mane, and
tail of the horse, burn it on  some  coals, letting the
smoke go  into  the  animal's nostrils.  At  first the
horse will not like it, but in a few minutes will stand
quietly to it.   It will suddenly cure the Avorst colick,
and  is a remedy much practised in Germany.

     A Healing Salve for Sores of all Kinds
   Take one  drachm of  Sugar  of Lead, finely pow-
dered; White Wax, one ounce;  SAveet Oil, four  oun-
ces; mix the Oil and the Wax together, stirring in the
Sugar of Lead until cold.  Spread a plaster and lay it
 on the sore, renewing it  every moming_and night; al-
 ways Avashing the sore with Castile Soap suds before
 putting on the plaster.

                Amtibilious Pills.
   Take Aloes, half an ounce; Calomel, one drachm;
Gamboge, twenty grains; Ipecacuanha, twenty grains;
 Castile Soap, tAvo drachms;  Oil of Cloves, tAventy
 drops; poAvder the Aloes and the Gamboge very fine;
 then add the Calomel and  Ipecacuanha; after it  is all
 thoroughly mixed add the  soap, finely scraped; then
 drop the oil in and mix all  Avell together, adding a lit- 
                       93
tie water if necessary.  Out of this mass form one
hundred and twenty pills, three of Avhich, taken at
bed time, will serve as a physic for an adult; or for a
very robust person, four of them may be taken. ~No
cold water should be drank  until after the  pills oper-
ate two or three times.

         For Suppression .of the Menses.
  If through cold the  courses do not  appear  at the
usual time, take two  tablespoonsful of pitch pine
knots, finely scraped; one handful  of garden chamo-
mile; put the tAvo into one quart of old rye Avhiskey,
and let it stand for nine days.   Then, after a dose of
Salts or Castor Oil,give one  tablespoonful three times
a day, every day, and bathe the feet in warm  water
every night.  Continue this only until the menses
make their appearance, when its use must instantly
cease; for it  is a poAverful, sure and speedy remedy.
Care must be taken not to use it  in suspected preg-
nancy, as it will surely produce an abortion.

 Suppression of the Menses in Child bed by Cold.
  Make strong tea of green hemp leaves;give the pa-
tient half a teacupful every  four hours, and in the mean
time  apply watm poultices, or wet warm rags to the ab-
domen.  The tea must be discontinued  as soon as the
first signs of returning courses show themselves.  The
leaves may be dried and kept for winter use, when a feAv
more should be taken than if green.
For Flooding, or too Great a Flow of the Mensf.s.
  Take two large tablespoonsful of the green buds of dog
wood- bruise them, and boil about twenty minutes in one
pint of strong vinegar.   Then strain and give two table-
spoonsful every half hour, until the flow moderates or 
                       M
   Another for Suppressed Menses, from Cold
  Put two handsful of the bark of the root of Yellow
Poplar, and an ounce of Aloes into one quart of French
Brandy; let it stand for nine days, shaking it occasion-
ally; then lake one teaspoonful three times a day, every
day, in a little Lovage tea, and bathe the feet in warm
water every night.  It must be discontinued as soon as
the menses begin to appear again.

                  For the Itch.
  Mix one drachm of red Precipitate with an ©unce of
hog's lard.  With this annoint the  elbow joints, groins
and calves of the  legs, morning and night.  Take care
not to get wet by rain or otherwise.

          For a Burn by Water or Ffre.
  Take a good handful of unslacked lime; put it into a
half gallon of water; let it slack and settle; then pour off
the clear water and strain it.   Then take about one pint
of the water and mix with one pint of flaxseed oil, sha-
king it well together; then annoint a linen rag well with
the preparation and lay it on the burn, renewing it twice
or three times  a day.  The patient should also, if the
burn be large, take a  dose of Salts or Castor  Oil every
three or four days, and avoid eating salt victuals.  This
will heal a burn rapidly and scarcely leave a scar.

       Consumption and Spitting of BEood.
  Take Gum Amoniac, one drachm; Sulphate of Cop-
per, twelve grains; pulverise both very fine, and with a
little molasses form the mixture into  thirty six pills, of
these pills an adult may take one, morning and night; if
costiveness of the bowels should come on, it must be re-
moved by  a dose of Salts or Castor Oil.

         For the Bite  of a Copper.Snake.
  Take a handful of the leaves of the plant called Silver-
weed, boil them about fifteen minutes-in a pint of sweet 
                         m
 milk; then take the leaves out, lay them over the wound1,
 and drink the milk.  The application of the leaves boil-
 ed in milk, should be renewed every day.
   Another cure may be had by mixing equal  parts of
 Hartshorn and Sweet Oil, dipping a rag m it and laying
 it on the wound, renewing it two or ihree  times a day.

   A Sure, Safe anb Quick Method to Break the
            Fever in almost any Disease.
   Take a handful of Spice Wood, a similar quantity
 each of Dog Wood bark and Beech bark; boil together
 in half a gallon of water,  until there is only one quart
 left; then strain and let the patient drink freely of it while
 it is warm.  This will soon break the height of the fe-
 ver and produce a moderate perspiration, upon which
 the  drink prescribed must be  immediately discontinued.
 The feet of the patient should be bathed in warm bran
 water, during the use of the  drink.   This is especially
 applicable in scarlet fever and measles, in both of which
 it will facilitate the eruption greatly.

      For Rheumatism in the Limbs and Joints.
   Take two tablespoonsful of the Jamestown weed, call-
 ed, by some, "Thorn Appie;,rafter bruising, fry them in
 a teacupful of fresh lard or butter, for about half an hour.
 Then strain, and anoint the painful parts with it morn-
 ing and night.  It may produce a sweat in some cases,
 but is sure  to give effectual  and permanent relief.

           For  Stiffness  of the Joints.
  Take an equal quantity of Fish>worm-oil and ground
 nog's fat; melt it together, after  which add one half  of
rattlesnake  oil and mix it well.  Anoint  the parts well
with this, morning and night, for seveial days, and even
weeks, if necessary.
  Fishworm oil may be prepared by gathering the Fish-
worms- muting them in a bottle stopped well and sitting 
                        96
it in a warm place in the sun, or on a stove. 'They will
?urn to oil in four or six days, sometimes sooner.

    For Difficulty in Passing Urine, fn Small
                    Children.
  Bathe them  to their arm-pits in warm water, and give
flaxseed or parsely-root tea, or tea of water-melon seed,
or of the rotten bark of the sour gum tree.  The bathing
should be repeated every six or eight hours, until relief
,-s found.

           For the Bite of a Mad Dog.
 A  Remedy Recommended by Dr. Ingram,  of London.
  Immediately after the bite, to prevent the poison from
incorporating itself with the blood, apply a hot iron, (not
so large as to prevent its penetrating fo the depth of the
wound,) to the  part.   The wound only needs to be burnt
slightly, after  Avhich it should be rubbed with a little
Sweet Oil and a salve or plaster applied to produce run-
ning, which will extract the poison.
  In a period of six years, which the above named  gen-
tleman spent in the West  Indies, he had  a full opportu-
aity of testing  this remedy.  The remedy deserves the
attention of the public as well as  physicians,  as by it
many valuable lives may be saved.
 
 

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