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V . 9 IT 1 V N O I 1 V N ICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE 5 /^ I OUVN 3N I3IQ 3W JO ABV.BIT IVNOIIVN 3 N I 3 I 0 3 W J O A I V » 9 IT 1 V N O 11 V N ARY OF MEDICINE N A T I O N A L I I 8 R A R Y O F M E D I C I N E N A T I O N A I I I B R A R Y O F BVoBM IVNOIIVN 3NI3I03W JO AaVoail IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO A a V a 9 II O' 3 V ARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF BVB9I1 IVNOIIVN 3NI3I03W JO A a V II 9 I 1 IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO A « V B 9 I 1 BVB9I1 IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO ABVB9I1 IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO A * V a 9 I 1 1 ^A i A IARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY Ol HEALTH OR 1 , FAMILY PHYSICIAN & DRUGGIST, Containing the necessary theoretical and practical man- ner of preparing medicines and preserving or curing yourself of disease, at small cost and with promptitude, of all curable evils, and of giving relief to those who labor under chronic or incurable diseases,—by F. V. RASPAIL. TRANSLATED FROM THE PARIS EDITION ©IF ISM BY A. FORTIER, M. T. A. ' e as long a- these conditions are balanced. Nutrition mustJie checked, or a cause of some nature must iinp.nr I lie constitution before an organ can become diseased and conse- quently suspend its functions. 18. The causes of our diseases are consequently, always produced by exterior influences, for no organ can engender disease of itselt. To say that such a disease arises from the blood, the bile, the nerve-. humor, &c. is repeating an old gibberish which has amused philo- sophers during centuries. Those phrases belong to the same family as the following : nature dreads n vacuum. When 'disease pierces through our organs, the whole frame suffers, the bile, humors, blood and nerves are attacked, for in the great unity which constitutes our being, the smallest organ cannot refuse its share of function with- out disturbing all the other organs. The bile cannot be wholesome when the blood is diseased, and vice versa ; the nervous system can- not he irritated without producing an effect on the bile, blood and humors: simple effects of an external cause, they become in their turn progressively causes of new symptoms. 19. Appreciable examples to our view will furnish the analogical thread which must lead us to the discovery of causes which escape our senses. If a sharp point penetrates your flesh, or a simple thorn: introduces itself in your skin, your sufferings may become atrocious. What then creates this pain ? it is the point you have in your flesh. Why ? because it has opened an access to the exterior air which pe- netrates to the tissues protected by the skin, and that violently rent asunder the superficial expansions of the nervous subdivisions.. The cause of our disease in this case, is evidently a very small thorn, of which every body, without being a physician, can appreciate the nature and origin. In this case, no one would say that the disease arises from the bile, blood, nerves &c. It is produced, as every one* can see, by the presence of a thorn. •20. But suppose, that by chance, it should be hidden from our sight, this thorn would penetrate in the stomach and lung; the presence* »>t this strange body in one or the other of those organs 60 essen- tial to life, would produce effects more serious, and compromise the> health on a much larger scale. Now in this case, nothing having re- vealed the cause of disease, medicine will arrive with its multitudes of hypotheses; the patient will abdicate his free will and his; power of reasoning to submit himself to what he will not understand more than those who take possession of his body. In this case, oik* will say : its the bile,; the other, its the blood, a third, 'tis nervous; and. all this would be reduced to saying : it was merely a thorn, if the pa- tient was submitted to a close autopsy, when dead. We might use the same reasoning in cases of poison,efHuvia.injects, >e.c. In all these ca.ses. the study of the dif^easp is within the domain of common sense when the cau^e falls under your view. But tho IX moment it travels out of our sight, it belongs to the domain of the scientific faculty, and consequently nobody understands any thing about it, because in medicine they have always neglected to follow the path of analogy of reasoning by induction and proceeding by demonstrations. 21. The similitude of effects has never in medicine, reveal- ed THE SIMILITUDE OF CAUSES; AND WHEN THE CAUSE HAS REMAINED INVISIBLE, NONE HAS HAD RECOURSE TO ANALOGY TO DETECT IT. ■ 22. We have followed a different track, which will be found de- veloped in our large work (*). The result of this demonstration has proven that there is not a disease in humanity, the cause of which is not appreciable to our senses. Consequently when we cannot see it, it is always possible to detect and appreciate it, if not its specific na- ture, at least the mechanism and mode of its action. Those who are desirous of fathoming a subject so interesting will only have to peruse our work to be convinced that no disease can ex- ist as long as the air which surrounds us is pure, our food is assimilated, that the periodical movement quickens the play of our organs, no poison finds its way in our circulation or cauter- izes our mucous,membnne no cause of destruction rends asunder our organs; finally as long as no mournful despairing ideas or other moral eause intervenes to paralyze the play of these essential functions. All our evils have their source in either of the above named causes. 23. If none of the above causes of disease impedes the play of f>ur organs, death would only ensue when we have attained that age which nature has marked out; we could only die of old age and our soul would separate from the body without any suffering But un- fortunately, in our compact and necessitous societies, death is generaJ- ly produced by accident and before the time allotted to us. Generally death is caused by asphyxy, excess or privation, voluntary or acciden- tal poisoning, internal or external laceration; finally, those moral causes which strike as suddenly as a thunderbolt, and against which philosophy alone furnishes a remedy. 24. Those accidents which wreck our health and" life, and which are designated as the causes of our diseases, may be classed under the following nine general heads :— 1 ° . The want or impurity of the air we breathe, that is to say asphyxy, in the first or last stage and miasmatic poisoning. The least alteration in the atmosphere in the midst of which we are condemned to live,"creates a trouble in our functions and may become the seat of our diseases. Pure air is the breath of our nostrils: air is as essential to life as food. The purest air is composed of four-fifths of azote and one fifth of oxigen. These proportions never vary but to the detriment of our health. (*) Hi9toire nat. de la sant£ et de la maladie. BA X 2 c . Privation, excess, insufficiency or bad quality of food. We die ; from indigestion as well as from hunger, and we suffer as much pain from the one as from the other. The indigestion of the rich avenges the„ ' hunger of the poor. With a small touch of philosophy we can pre- serve ourselves from excesses ; but with what philosophy, hi our egoistical society can we preserve ourselves from hunger ? So- ' ciety is bound to furnish food to the workingman : whoever cannot find work, and dies of hunger accuses society of voluntary homicide. Society is also guilty of poisoning when it cannot arrest frauds com- mitted on beverage and food. Nothing would be easier than to guarantee the good quality of bread and wine and make it the interest , of bakers and wine merchants to deal I onestly. I, who have never •iccused any body, call loudly for the vengeance of the laws against those who poison beverage or food, and I consider bread and wine of i bad quality as poisons, more or less noxious, according to the pro- ; portion of the fraud. 3 ° . The introduction in the stomach, the anus or by the mucous \ of other organs, the breathing in the lungs, the inoculation by a wound, the introduction in the blood vessels of a substance which, , instead of assisting the developement of our tissues, only combines , with them to disorganize and produce death: those substances fall under the name of poisons : 4 ° . The excess of cold or heat too long continued, or the sudden change of the atmosphere. 5 ° . Contusions and lacerations of the flesh, fractures, perfora- tions and crushing of the bones, ulcers and wounds of whatever na- ture, produced by bruising, boring or cutting instruments. 6 ° . The introduction in our tissues of splinters, fish bones, dust and sweepings of attics, vegetable prongs, and finally those thou- sands small stinging, bitting, bearded bodies which the wind dis- seminates in the atmosphere we breathe. The greater part of these fcetusses are so organized that once they enter in the tissues by one side, they must come out on the opposite •ide, thereby piercing through and through the substance* of the organ. b ;* 7 ; . The introduction in the cavity of our organs of small grains, which shoot up and develope themselves, or of substances which inflate by humidity and finally distend and obstruct the capacity of the Lrganthus invaded. 8c . Aquatic eggs, worms, the larva of flies and caterpillars, perfect insects, lice, fleas, bed bugs, coleopteri, intestinal worms, ' and finally all those external or internal parasites which invade . man at the cradle and very often leave him < nly in the grave : to be devoured by worms more voracious th^n themselves. 9°. Finally, moral disease, violent impressions, broken affections deceived hopes, beguiled ambition, lonesorr.eness and despair, are' XI all invisible causes, which strike as suddenlly as a thunderbolt or devour and undermine our constitution as a piercing and slow poison. There is not a single disease which cannot be explained by either of 4he nine hypotheses I have enumerated above. But the most fruitful n evils of all descriptions, the one which has the greatest share in our afflictions is the eighth. The par.isitul influence of infinitismals is the cause of nine tenths of our diseases ; it is aga nst this mani- fold cause of our several diseases that we have specially directed the treatment to which we owe so many fortunate results. CHAPTER II. Curative and htegenic means to preserve or cure oursel- ves OF THE EFFECTS OF THE FIRST CAUSE OF OUR DISEASES : THE PRIVATION OR ALTERATION OF THE ELEMENTS WHICH FORM THE AIR WE BREATHE. * „ . 15. 1°. Select a house exposed to the sun, free from river or pond emanations and from those of manufactories or other insalu- brious tradts. Do not live on the ground floor, owing to its humidity, nor bet- ween two floors or attics, their small height would expose you to breathe only the air com ng out of the Fungs; but choose fire rooms, with elevated ceiling and windows at the east, south and of necessity at the west. 3 ° . Recommend keeping your bed room well ventilated during the day and free from any odoriferous smells which might vitiate the air. The bedstead should be washed often in all the joints with camphorated alcohol [139] by means of a brush or goose quill. 5 ° . Recommends the substitution of hammocks to the pile of beds now in use. 6°. When your room is heated by a stove never shut the key of the pipe, for the carbonic acid finding no longer an issue through the pipe will spread through the room and torture your slumbers, when the room is large enough to prevent your total asphyxiation. Besides, the air being vitiated and deprived of its oxygen by the progressive oxidation of the metallic pipes, it will no longer be carried by the cur- rent oi air, thus adding a dose of asphyxy to the preceding intoxication. Beware of burning coals in a chimney where the wind returns. 7 ° . Recommends the construction of new stoves which would scarcely be suited to this country. 9 ° . The heat of chimneys is much preferable to stoves. 10°. Smdl families who cook in small ov<-ns should be careful, for asphyxy may be brought en without their perceiving it. 11°. Privies should be kept well washed with chloride of lime and the same liquid used whenever a collection of putrid matter is con- gregated. Purify your bed rooms by burning vinegar over a red hot shovel or lighting a fire in the chimney. I XII 12 ° . Change your linen often and more especially at night when going to bed. , 12 ° . Dress warmly and comfortably. Young girls should never use stays, for they are only productive of sterility and the pioduction of diseased and rickety children. CHAPTER III. Htegenic and curative advice against privation, excess and bad qualitt of nourishment. 26. The culinary art is to hyegene what pharmacopia is to medici- ne : good cooking prevents diseases as well as good medicine dissi- pates it. 27 ° . There is not a single substance in our food which does not contain a saccharine or albuminous principle. Man, who can scar- cely exist on bread alone ctfuld not live long if he had nothing to feed on but fecula or sugared nutrition. 28 ° . When you place exposed to a temperature of 10 ° or 15 ° centigrade a closed vase containing a mixture of saccharine subs- tances, as fecula on the one part and gluten or albumen on the other, a formition soon takes place, the result of which is the pro- duction of alcohol; and when the whole saccharine substance has been exhausted and transformed into alcohol, there rem- duce death. Every one has the right, even in hospitals, of forbidding his physician from using those substances, and especially mercury and arsenic, for the relief which is at first obtained is only a perfidious comfort which leaves in the body the germ of one of those disorders which are treated afterwards as diseases of a particular nature.-^ What I here advance, I have under my eyes most frightful proofs of and which should excite cruel remorse in the bosom of the practitioner guilty of such imprudence. I will here cite a lew examples : 53. A young man named Royer, was attacked at the age of about 14, of caries in the bones of the nose. The physician ordered rub- bing the nose with mercurial ointment and even with an ointment the druggist advised him not to use. The disease augmented and ex- tended to the buccal palate, which remains perforated, and the nose itself had already began decaying at the right aisle. He was brought to me in this state ; I immediately applied camphorated ointment in the nose internally and extewially, and placed him under the hyegenic regimen (262) ; moreover I ordered taking one gramme of iodure of. potassium every day, with one litre of endive or tar water, during one or two months. The nose was cured in two months, and has nearly recovered its form. The perforation of the palate was checked. I had predicted that the action of mercury would show itself in w mis other quarter and this did not fail. He returned a short while after- wards, his eyes covered with a web, which by the use of camphorated ointment was soon cured. ' • XVII 54. Relates nearly a similar case experienced by Madame Rifflet, which we do not think necessary to republish. 55. Is also another case of the same which we omit for the same reason. , . , 56. Were I permitted to examine the clinical notes of our hospital, I could furnish countless examples of the baneful effects of mercury, &c. Whenever an ulceration, a sore or caries resists my treatment for a length of time, I invariably pronounce that mercury has been dealing there. I hope there will come a time when the law will pro- hibit physicians from employing such substances. 57. Druggists should also be prevented from selling arsenic tor killino- rats for it may often be bought with guilty intentions, and very few rats are killed by this drug when they can have access to water. . . 58. Recommends to painters the use of green made out ot iron and copper, ins ead of Scheele's green which contains arsenic. 59. The bad quality of food of the poor is a slow poison to the body and more active to the mind. Indigence offers many temptations wh ich the wealthy scape. •!<•„„ 60. Recommends the use of Chinaware and other utensils tree from poisonous substances. 61. Recommends cleanliness to those who work in paint manu- factories. „ . . . . • 62. Recommends the moral improvement of society against crimi- nal poisoning, as the most efficacious means. CHAPTER V. Hygienic advices against the excess of cold or heat and sudden atmospheric changes. 63. Our lives would equal the ancient fabulous age if we could constantly live in the same atmosphere. . 64. In winter clothe yourself warmly, and when you are in a house remove one of your garments. 65. Recommends a new manner of dressing, which would not suit the taste of any fashionable. 66. Recommends the use of a new mode of heating large tene- 67 ' Those in the habit of wearing flannel in winter must not re- move it in summer. Rubbing with camphorated ointment morning and evening is an excellent preservative against sudden atmosphe- n<68. ^ware of currents of air, coldfevenings and cold and moist dW69ln Recommends a means of preserving apartments from moisture, which we hardly think is within the means of poor men, and conse- quently we refer the rich to the French text. * 70. Is a sequel to the above. XVIII CHAPTER VI. Mk.ws of curing CONTUSIONS, wounds and sokes. 71. As we only treat in this part of the hyegenic and preservative means, we refer the reader to the head of wounds (271). CHAPTER VII. Precautions against the introduction in our tissues of splinters, thorns, fish-hones, irritating dust, & c. ► 12. A splinter wi 1 cause a felon and according to its structure may gradually find its way into the most hidden tissues. A gr;iin of corn or other herb, imprudently introduced in the mouth, will introduce itself progressively into the lungs, and may be productive of serious ravages, and make its egress through one of the sides alter endangering the patient's life. The inspiration of certain dusts pro- duces serious Auction of the chesi, being composed of small pointed fins which can never have a retrograding effect; such as the dust of mills and attics, granges where corn is stowed, &c 7:?. Recommends keeping apartments well cleaned and a disuse of the habit of placing frames or pictures in dwellings. 71. Recommends abstaining from using glass tissues as highly noxious to the lungs. 75. The dust of fields carried by the winds may produce a vermi- cular epidemic, owing to the particles filled with ei'gs of worms dried in the sun, which are wafted in every direction. Pallas -tates that at Dorpal and other towns in the Baltic, epidemics of tenia are produced by no other cause. Consequently, it becomes of the highest impor- tance that streets should be well cleaned. 76. As to the curative means of this chapter, we refer the reader to the chapter lA.lon (325), inflammation of the chest (,319) and in- testinal worms (343), &c. CHAPTER VIII. Preservative and curative means against the introduction of foreign' bodies which shoot up and swell in the cavitt of our divers organs. 77. Persons who are in the habit of sleeping in the open air and under trees, are subject to disea-es of the ears and other accidents, which have no other source than the introduction of grains in the au- ditory tube, nasal fosses and, wind-pipe, &c Persons who sleep upon straw are also subject to the same inconveniences. When the cause of such accidents is unknown, you must throw yourself in the domain of sapient theories: when you can divine or suspect the cause, you use the probe or pincers or expel it by injections of tar water. When these sufferings occasion fever, apply anodyne water on the invackd parts (lG'J;. 'A XIX CHAPTER IX. Preservative and curative means against the internal or external parasital action of insects. 78. Among the causes which torment and compromise our exi fence, the action of animated and parasital causes which our body con- tains, most undoubtedly creates the largest part. Nature has ordained that the animal specie should be devoured one by another. We live at the expense of countless hordes of animals ; animals, in their turn, when th^y have a chance, live at the expense of man. There are infinitessimal animals that are as greedy of our flesh as the tiger and bear ; parasites more dangerous than the former, because their smallness will allow them to enter the whole of our tissues, the most hidden cavity of our organs, and thus produce disorders in all our functions which nobody perceives, far less the physician. For more than two thousand years, scholastic medicine has been the toy of those microscopic beings which invade man at his birth and follow him to the grave, there to be devoured by others more voracious. From this day, we say, the medicine of Hippocrates has numbered its days ; natural history, assisted by its twin sisters, physic and chemistry, has iaken its place, and the faculty is already preparing itself to deposit its old cloak at the door of the Museum. The microscope will unmask diseases and change the language of the old school founded on the influence of the blood, of biles, of black bile, of phlegm of peccant humors, <§-c. to the positive language of the science of observation. Since the publication of our Hisloire Na- turelle de la sante et de la maladie, it has become evident to every philosophical mind that diseases which are not described in our pro- ceeding chapters and do not belong to moral causes, are the work of another parasite which eats us up without our knowledge. 79. The ascarides, lice, bed bug?', &c. are the parasites of the skin. The vermicular ascarid, the lumbrics, hyatids and tape worm are the parasites of our viscera and specially of our ii testinal tube. Children of both sexes, but especially young girls and women, who live on milky and mucilaginous food are more subject than the male sex to the invasion of intestinal worms, more especially to vermicular ascarides. Infants remain in good health whilst nursing because the spices in the food of the nurse by passing in the milk, serve as a ver- mifuge to the child. But the moment the child returns to his pa- rents and is fed on biscuits and sweemeats he loses his fine color andlano-uishes. The vermicular ascarid invades his bowels and the physician never perceives this until they are ejected and generally treat for the bile, the blood, lymphatic cachexia or inflammation. The child is placed under diet and tizanes which suit the worms, or leeches used, for which they care very little, being themselves the ledthes of our bowels ; and finally by such a scientific treatment the child becomes debilitated and dies according to the formula, when by our treatment he would have been cured in twenty hours by XX placing him under the aromatised nourishment of which he has been deprived by weaning. Our hyegenic regimen (262) is a preserva- !' tive against the invasion of worms. CHAPTER X. Preservative and curative mfans against the moral rust-.* OF DISEASES. 80. Nature has endowed us with reason to discover present dan- ger and guard ourselves from future evils. 81. Joy is the expression of a triumph and a victory when we ;• have repulsed a danger by the combination of our physical or moral J strength. 82. Voluntary debauch and libertinism is the moral aberration of 1 those who desire mentally what they cannot execute physically. 83. What a miserable, society is ours when vice is the means of obtaining bread ! 84. Study the mechanism of our disease which are produced by moral causes and you will be convinced that they are created either by fear or remorse. Lunacy is a physical disorder in the cerebral organ produced either ." by a material lesion or moral impression. 85. Shame and fear may strike like a thunderbolt and produce serious disorders in our health, according to the impression received. The mind may concentrate all the energies of an organ in a space in- capable ot containing it and which must break under the weight Hence a simple thought may kill, because it acts immediately on the principal organ of our system. 86. Moral diseases will be less frequent when society is better regulated. x 87. The feeling of having done our duty is a holy pleasure ; the feeling of our wants is a calm resignation. 88. Love must never be a caprice, but a duty we owe God and mankind. 89. Is a recommendation to those unfortunate young women who have been seduced to have a parental care of their offspring. 99. Do not account as pleasure what is bought either at the ex- pense of your purse or tranquillity, and much less any thing you would be ashamed of acknowledging. 91. Be economical but not miserly. 92. Abstain from quarrelling or having law suits. 93. Remember that there are no evils which I have not suffered during my life and that I have been dispoiled of all but my good temper and my sympathy for those who suffer. 94 .Finally you can kiil yourselves as well by your aberrations of '• . mind as by a bad regimen. ., 4 PART SECOND. DOMESTIC AND PORTATIVE PHARMACOPOEIA, OR PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE USE OF THE MEDICINES OF THE NEW TREATMENT. 95. Medicine can be as easily prepared] as food. Wishing every body to be his own physician, it is also my wish he should become his own apothecary. My endeavors in this will not be more detri- mental to apothecaries than lent is to cooks. Apothecaries cannot be injured by the exposition of their secrets; on the contrary it will only serve to put them on their guard being placed under the en- lightened control of those who buy their products. The rich man has, very often, neither patience nor time to execute ; the poor man, very often, has not the necessary means of paying for the making up of his medicine, and consequently cannot have it, unless he can make it up himself: Apothecaries will consequently lose nothing by the knowledge of the rich and the execution of the poor. Besides in many places, no apothecaries are to be found. In those retired spots it will become useful to find a man able to compose his own medicine and philanthropic enough to share them with his neigh- bors. 96. A time will come, when a sound education will embrace the double art of preparing food and medicine, and the principles which maintain or bring back health. Medicine when simplified and easy of access to every body, will require less complicated drugs. Be- sides, the theory of their use will no longer be an arcanum. 97. This period has already arrived in my neighborhood and a great number of persons already possess the knowledge of preparing their own medicines. 98. If a man will diligently study the notions we will give on the 2 preparation and use of medicines, (1) I know not a curable disease which we describe in our third part, which he cannot cure him- . self, in a very short time, without the aid of any physician. In the enumeration of the pharmaceutic of our method, we will follow, as much as possible, the alphabetical order. CHAPTER I. Aloes and herb broth. 99. Take the finest quality of Aloes, which is sold in large lumps having the appearance of bottle slop coming out of the furnace. It has a black hue, bright by reflexion, yellowish by transparency ; it breaks in a curve, its smell is characteristic and its taste is strong bitter. This resinous gum can be diluted and dissolved in water as well as in alcohol. 100. Break the pieces until they are reduced to the size of a grain of wheat, so that each piece weighs about one grain. Pass them in a sieve to separate the dust, which may serve for the use of children, the larger pieces being for the use of grown people. (2) 101. Incases where we prescribe this medicine, five pieces, equi- valent to five grains, are placed in the mouth and immediately washed down by a mouthful of water, the bitter taste being thus scarcely perceptible. The five pieces may be placed also between two slices of soup bread and swallowed without masticating. When adminis- tered to children, place about the same quantity of powder in jelly or fill up a raisin or gooseberry, which they will swallow as a pill. Ne- vertheless I have seen many children take it in the same manner as grown persons. 102. The dose for an injection is two pieces, or two o-rains dis- solved in boiling water. 103. Aloes taken at dinner, with the soup, operates the next morn- ing about five or seven o'clock, and then you are free for the balance of the day. To ensure its action, take before going to bed a large bowl of hot herb broth; another may be taken immediately before it operates. The effect of aloes is enhanced by sleep, nevertheless it may be taken at any hour. (1) There are composed medicines which would be too difficult to prepare■ such as calomel and emetick. They may be had, together with the primary matters at the druggist, and however small the quantity, it will last a loni while, being administered in very small doses. s (-2) Antecibum Pills, Andersons's Pills, Bontin's Pills, health grains life grains, Aloes and soap Pills; Horse's, Harvey, Morrison and Peter's Pills' are all based on aloes, sometimes with the addition of jalap, scammony 'collo quinte, gum gutte, and operate in the same manner but with more pain a« our aloes in lumps ; it only costs dearer. Druggists charge more for the nJm! hari for the article itself. 3 104. Prepare your herb broth in the following manner ; Water,......One quart. Sorrel,......One handful. Chervil, .'..-. do. Scallion, ...!..' One head.' £utterj......A large spoonful. Kitchen salt,.....A large pinch. ■Let it boil'about four or five minutes. 105. I use aloes in preference to all other purgatives, because this substance, which is drastic by its acids and salts, is eminently ver- mifuge by its bitterness, and in females it brings back and "regulates menstruation. Its vermifuge action acts on the whole of the intes- tinal canal, a fact which may be seen by the yellowish color of the matter ejected. 106. The dose of five grains, to be taken before or with the soup, is not sufficient to produce a complete purgation on individuals who are subject to constipation; at the second dose, such individuals may take ten or fifteen grains and even more, if necessary. But aloes will always act as a vermifuge, even when it does not purge. It ins- tantly removes stomach and belly pains, which camphor does not relieve instantly; it excites appetite,dissipates gastric embarrassments, facilitates digestion, triumphs over the most obstinate constipation ; extirpates worms out of the stomach. We consequently prescribe it, as a hyegenic means, every four or five days. CHAPTER II. Anodyne baths or alcalino-ferruginous baths. 107. Large Bathing tubs.—After the three or four first buckets of water, throw in : Ammoniac, saturated with Camphor, 200 grammes Kitchen salt, 2 kilogrammes Fill up your bathing tub as high as you want and disturb the water with one or two red hot shovels. N. B. Ammoniac saturated with camphor is prepared by emptying a cordial glass of camphorated alcohol in two hundred grammes of ammoniac and shaking the whole in a corked decanter. This being done, plunge your decanter in the bath, and wash it out. 108. Middle sized and large bathing tubs for the use of corpulent persons who require a less quantity of water: In this case, the quantity of ammoniac must be reduced to one hundred grammes and kitchen salt to one kilo. 109. Children's Bathing tubs—Prepare as above and take : Ammoniac saturated with Camphor, . 60 grammes Kitchen salt,.....250 do N. B. This bath is to be repeated every five or six days until completely relieved, and every time you feel a great heat accompanied with weariness. When you come out of the bath, have yourself well wiped, grease your head with the camphorated ointment, 4 and have yourself rubbed with the camphorated ointment all over the body, during twenty minutes, and more especially between the two shoulders, on the breast and spine. After this clothe yourself warmly. Effect of these baths.—These alcalino-ferruginous baths have the most beneficient effect in cases of fever, rhumatismal pains, painful weariness, paralysis of a member, diseases of the lungs, spine, uterus and urinary passages, madness and hydrophobia, drunkenness, sudden stroke of apoplexy and delirivm tremens. * N. B. This composition has no baneful effect on tin or zinc bathing tubs, and much less on wooden. CHAPTER III. Calomelas (or protochlorure of mercury.) 110. This is the only mercurial salt I use. I employ it against those large intestinal worms which have resisted aromatums and bitter. 1 would recommend druggists to pay the greatest attention in the ma- nufacturing of this salt and sublimate it twice instead of once. The presence of an infinitismal quantity of deutoclorure would be liable to cause accidents of a serious nature, such as : Cramp cholics, super- purgation, vomiting and the abstraction of the mucous of the whole in- testinal canal. Calomel well prepared is crystalline, of a shade lightly smoked and as if gilt; it must not be reduced in powder, but administered in very small pieces; ammoniac and anodyne water will turn it to black. We expressly recommend patients and druggists to abstain from employing calomel in white powder which is fabricated by steam, since some years, by an English process. This calomel absorbs the humidity of air and is naturaly intoxicating; it should awaken the attention of boards of health. 111. Manner of taking and guiding yourself when you have taken it.—Place the calomel between two slips of sweetmeats, in the morning, and begin by taking 25 centigrammes ; take a good breakfast, but nothing acid ; the next day take a gramme. If the first dose has produced no accidents, the third day take one gramme, if on the eve you have not been purged. Stop then for at least eight days. Recommence after the lapse of eight days, if you are not satisfied that the worms have disappeared. On the days you take it, you must leave off eating salad or drinking acid beverages, such as lemonades. It is administered in smaller doses to delicate persons: 5 centigrammes at each time. 112. If cholics ensue, cover the abdomen with a saline poultice (107). If you experience burnings at the anus, introduce and rub it with camphorated ointment (158) and take softening injections (219.) The largest dose for a child is 25 centigrammes. When the calomel does not act as a purgative, it will act as a vermifuge. Calomel well prepared has no baneful influence. 113. I have administered calomel in many circumstances at a dose of one gramme, even to children, without any accident. I 5 had a flask for twenty years, prepared in the good French fashion, which 1 administered to my poor patients, after having tried it myself. It could be eat like sugar and always • relieved. This salt was in small bright particles,of a smoky hue, and giving no indication of any alteration during the twenty years, although the flask laid sometimes in moist places. Having exhausted my stock, I sent to the druggist for some : this calomel was in white powder resembling chalk or rather carbonate of lead and a ppeared to draw the moisture of air. I have learned since that it was prepared by the English process. I mistrusted the drug. However, after ascertaining it really was calomel, on the 30th Novem- ber 1844, I ventured to administer a dose of 75 centigrammes instead of one gramme, to my eldest son, who needed it. I took the same dose myself and we dined afterwards on the same food. An hour after, my son was seized with severe cholics, which were removed by the application of compresses soaked in camphorated alcohol applied on the belly;—he then fell asleep. An hour after, he suddenly awoke, vomiting and purging. I would have been more alarmed had I not taken the same dose myself. I sprinkled his body with camphorated alcohol and made him take a quantity of infused borage with camphor ground in the palm of my hand. He then recovered, and fell asleep at three in the morning. At this moment I was myself seized with severe cholics and burning at the fundament which lasted until morning. I remained exhausted for three days, with the hardest digestion I ever had in my life. My meals could only be forced down by hot borage tea, the wall of my stomach having been deprived of its mucous. I am much obliged to the English process : I will not be caught again. The druggist from whom I bought it, threw away the balance he had from that manu- factory. 114. Notice to druggists.—Prepare your calomel by precipita- tion ; pulverize, then wash several times with clean water; dry by sweating; sublimate vigorously; break the sublimate in particles almost microscopic; do not pound it; wash it again several times and then dry it by sweating. By this process you will provide against all the accidents which a defective preparation, such as the English process, occasions. My own druggist employs this process. Pounded Calomel presents a hundred fold more surface than calomel broken in infinitismal particles. If you cannot obtain any other than pounded calomel, leave it several days in distilled water, dry it and administer it only at the dose of five centigrammes, during three or four day?. When delicate persons keep themselves under diet, it is remarked that the liquid stools deposit a black powder reeembling filings of iron ; it is the christals of calomelas turned to black as if treated by am- moniac. When this phenomenon takes place, it is preceded by serious accidents, viz;—Coldness through the body, cyanose, fainting and vomiting. For this reason, we earnestly recommend a full diet on the day you take calomelas. G CHAPTER IV. Camphor (its character and general properties,. 115. Camphor is an essential oil,which aside from the immense ad- vantage it possesses of remaining solid, even at a high degree ot temperature, has an anti-putrid and vermifuge quality which no other essences can equal. Who does not know, that for an immemo- rial lapse of time, camphor has been used in clothes and peltries to protect them against the ravages of mites and worms? Its anti-putrid qualities are such, that meat placed in a pot full of water, during years, may remain sound, provided you place on the surface of the water a sufficient quantity of small pieces of camphor, and renew them as soon as they have evaporated. 116. Although solid, camphor evaporates as well as other essences, and absorbs the oxygen of air ; this is the cause why camphor not only diminishes in volume when in open air, but covers its surface with an impalpable powder, which might be used as snuff, were it not that its combination with oxigen extracts a parts of its strength. To prevent this loss, camphor should be covered with a coating of linseed ; in this manner camphor may bo preserved indefinitely, in it6 full strength, even in an open spot. 117. My researches having convinced me that the greatest num- ber of our diseases have their source in the invasion of internal or external parasites and the infection produced by their disorganising action; besides , desirous of simplifying the treatment as much as I had simplified medical theory, I could not choose a better substance than camphor, with the twofold view of checking the cause of the evil and neutralizing its effects. Could I have found a medicine more energetic for this double purpose, I would not have based my treatment on camphor. 118. A few geniuses of whom everyone may appreciate the sound- ness and inspiration, have at once attempted to throw ridicule on the importance we attach to camphor; their efforts have only betrayed their ignorance. There are persons, who by their position, are in- terested in repulsing whatever would cure too quickly. Conceit, in its incipiency, made common cause with interested ridicule; the poor woman who covered herself with musk to disguise a suspicious odour, clamored with a feigned nervous spasm against the pure smell of camphor. All these objections have now given way before facts. We pity those who smile, and before long camphor smell will no longer be noticed, for we cannot feel the flavour in which we habi- tually live. Do not allow false shame to keep you back: to those who will accuse you of smelling of camphor, answer: you smell of musk or worse than musk, and all will be done. Whatever cures, smells good. 119. There are many kinds of natural ".amphor,but all do not possess the same qualities. The best is from Japan, but rarely arrives in France, being used in great quantities by the Japanese in their treat- ment. Commerce imports camphor from Java, Sumatra, Borneo. 7 &c, but we distinguish two qualities, one having an insignificant action, the other of such power that Japanese designate it under the name of: cure for all pains. This last species is extracted from the Laurus Camphora. We receive it in its natural state and it is refined in Europe. Shawls imported from India are devoured by mites and worms, if unfortunately camphor of bad quality has been employed to preserve them. 120. Finally, artificial camphor can be obtained by passing a cur- rent of hydrocloric acid gas through essence of turpentine; such cam- phor must be considered a miserable drug, worthy of all the penalties of law; for we openly say it, high way murderers have never caused as much evil to society as those wretches who adulterate substances destined to feed or cure man. We cannot too energetically call the attention of boards of health in the several cities of France on the fraudulent means by which they adulterate a substance which becomes of such general use, and which is generally bought in good faith. 121. Camphor has the property of producing slumber, clearing the urinary waters, dispersing or poisoning internal or external pa- rasites, and consequently curing cramps and stomach pains, pains of bowels, diarrhea, dyssentery, gravel, and prevent the forma- tion of stone. Urinary waters of the deepest red and containing dregs, recover their clearness in using for a single day the camphor powder internally. 51. Camphor to be taken three times a day in cases of sleeplessness. 122. In the morning, at noon and at night, place under your teeth a piece of camphor of the size of a common bean and swallow it down with a mouthful of endive tisanne, (226) or of hops (226) or of water lightly saturated with pitch (229.) 123. Repeat the dose during the night, whenever you cannot sleep. As soon as camphor is in your stomach, you feel an inclination to slumber; your dreams are indifferent and only bring back ordinary scenes of life. Persons who labor under nightmares may thus cure themselves easily and at small cost. The patients' sufferings would require to be of a very strong and deep nature, if camphor did not produce the desired effet. In such cases it would be necessary to take a pill of opium of one centigramme. 124. To augment the soporific effect of camphor, it should be taken in the following manner: take a glass^of sugared water, sprinkle it with the quantity above mentioned (112) of camphor powder (126); add two drops of sulphuric ether; shake well the glass and then take it whole or only half. It is impossible to form an idea of the good effects of this small draught on sleep and dreams. I recommend this innocent consolation to those who are tortured by sleeplessness or those whom slumber does not refresh. 125. In diseases of animals this article of treatment is replaced by essence of turpentine at a dose of 30 grammes diluted in a pail full of white water, for large size animals ; and 8 grammes in s a pail quarter full, for sheep and other animals Af same size. This should be administered as soon as you perceive they lose their ap- petite. }2. Camphor, (fowder of) camfhor used as snuff—camphor used for smoking. 126. Camphor powder can be prepared in three different ways: 1 ° . Spread water over camphorated alcohol (139), camphor will then precipitate in a white powder, which congregates on the surface of the water; take this powder with a spoon or skimmer and let it drain in a paper filter placed on any kind of funnel; continue spreading ^ water on the alcohol until the white powder comes up no longer. When this powder is dry by the evaporation of alcohol and water, it is impalpable. Triturate a piece of camphor with a sufficient quantity of alcohol until its action produces a very fine powder; alcohol dissolves and abandons the particles of camphor by evaporisation. N. B. These two methods which necessitate loss of time and a large quantity of alcohol, do not furnish a powder absolutely free from mixture ; the particles of camphor always retaining a certain quantity of alcohol, will join the particles of camphor together and form large pieces when exposed to a higher temperature. We employ only the .following method, which is less troublesome and expensive and furnishes a lasting powder: 2 °. Grate on a sugar rasp, a large lump of camphor, rectified sufficiently to be as solid as a piece of sugar. Pass this powder through fine silk. The portion which remains pass it through a sieve ; it can be used to fill up the cigarettes, as smoking camphor. What remains on the sieve is to make camphorated alcohol or fill up camphor ciga- rettes (131). The powder to be kept in a box sufficiently closed to prevent the evaporisation of camphor. 127. Use of camphor powder.—The camphor powder can be taken as snuff, of which it possesses the advantages without its in- conveniences ; it causes less sneezing and does not soil your linen. The simple use of camphor snuff will often be sufficient to cure megrims and cold in the head. 128. Camphor powder is also used to cover ulcers or cuts, and checks immediately the formation of pus and gangrene. 129. Camphor powder on the genital parts has the property of checking lascivious desires. 130. To prevent the forward habits of infancy, sprinkle every night, on the mattrass, camphor powder, especially about the middle. \ 3. Camphor cigarettes. 131. Camphor cigarettes are intended to convey camphor on the surface of the lungs, a desideratum which can only be obtained by respiration. In manufacturing cigarettes this principle must not 9 be lost sight of. Cigarettes being the base of our treatment, we invite the reader to pay particular attention to this chapter. 132. Economical fabrication of cigarettes.—Excellent ci- garettes can be made with straw tubes, but quill tubes are highly preferable. 1 °. Straw tube Cigarettes.—Take a fine tube free from any split; cut the end square, one inch below and two or three inches above a knot. Bore a small hole through the knot with a large needle. Introduce on top of the knot a small piece of unglued paper through which air may pass. Fill up the long end of the tube with small lumps of camphor ; place on top a small wad of paper, but without pressing down the camphor. Try then to inhale the air by the small end which contains no camphor, and if the breath is impregnated with camphor, a result which cannot fail, unless the camphor is pressed down too hard, the cigarette is complete. 2 ° . Quill Cigarettes.—Separate the tube from the feather and pare the end square. Bore a hole on the small end so as to detach the marrow and clean well the inside of the tube, leaving no small particles which might obstruct the passage of air. From the back of the feather cut a small ribbon which you will twist between your fingers in a spiral form; then introduce it in the tube at about an inch from the small end. The tube being thus divided unequally,has a longer and larger end than the other. Place on the spiral a small piece of soft paper to cover it and then fill up the tube with small pieces of camphor, without pressing then ddwn;—stop the ori- fice with a paper cork. You then inhale camphor by placing the empty end in your mouth. ' 133. Theoretical explanations on this mode of construction. —The air inhaled, passing through the tube impregnates itself with camphor and carries to the surface of the lungs the balsam destined to preserve and cure them. To obtain this result, it is necessary that the embalmed air encounters no liquid, for otherwise the fluid of camphor would be dissolved and checked in its passage. Consequently if the small piece of paper in the tube was brought to the orifice of the small end which is held in the mouth, it would become moistened by saliva, and camphor would only be conveyed as a flavor instead of a fluid; the use of the cigarette would be destroyed and the lungs would derive no benefit by it. Consequently, it is necessary that the end of the tube by which you inhale should be empty to a certain distance. It is hardly necessary to mention that cam- phor cigarettes are smoked without lighting: instead of puffing, you must inhale. The use of camphor cigarettes alone, often cure? and relieves all diseases of the chest, asthma, cold on the lungs, hooping- cough, heaviness in the breast, extinction of voice, coughing in all its stages ; cures pulmonary phthisis in the first degree and relieves in the third, dissipates gastrics, cramps and pains of stomach, &c. by swallowing the saliva. 134. Precautions to be taken.—Avoid chewing the end of the 10 tube in your mouth, lest it should split; the cold exterior air would then alone be admitted to your lungs and the fluid of camphor would no longer reach them. ' When a tube is split, throw it away. A cigarette well made and used with precaution may last a week ; the camphor contained in the tube must be renewed every night. 135. Cigarettes can also be made of wood, ivory and bone,which are very light; they can also be manufactured of enamel, silver and gold. Attention must be paid to have them made in the proportions we have given above. I have tried all kinds of cigarettes, but I must acknowledge that I prefer quill tubes for their softness and water proof. When using cigarrettes of enamel, gold or silver, twist a silk thread round the end to prevent the friction of the metal on your teeth. 136. In using the cigarette, press it only with the lips, in such a manner that the air you breathe passes only through the tube. You will then feel in your lungs an impression of perfumed heat, which at first appears to burn your wind-pipe, but you will soon abandon yourself to its charms. Sometimes it is necessary to draw your breath with force before you feel the beneficial effect of its curative power on the pulmonary organ. However, the cigarettes will al- ways produce beneficial results, even without forcing your breathing, although it will be slower. When you are desirous that a young child should inhale the cigarettes of camphor, place your two fingers on the lips, in such a manner that when he draws his breath the™ air passes through the tube. The volatilization*of camphor being enhanced by heat, the cold of winter, will render the evaporation less active. During that season keep your cigarette, either in your pocket or in the palm of your hand ; you will thus be enabled to inhale a few good puffs of cam- Always swallow your saliva, for being impregnated with vapours ot camphor, it becomes in its turn, a medicine. 137. The ambition of innovators has tormented itself since the publication of our discovery, but without success; preference has nSy%boewglir;^he.meth°d we have indicated previously C ST •) for the fabrication of camphor cigarettes. It would be unfortunate, if the unhappy experiment of augmenting the evaporation of camphor by sprinkling the particles with alcohol or ether was renewed. This would carry on the pulmonary surfaces age^s whose avidity for moisture would disorganize and dry up a tissue which can only act when moist. F 138 The publication of our work has revived the use of stramo- nmm,bellademe and other cigars, which are smoked as common cigars It is merely the subsitution of a narcotic for another. Those cLrs produce no better effects than those made of tobacco and enfit a more nauseous smell. lIut a 11 5 4. Camphorated spirits and alcohol. 139. Alcohol is spirits deprived by distillation of the greater part, or the whole of its water and other strange bodies kept in dis- solution. Common spirits contains half water. Absolute alcohol, on the contrary, does not contain a particle of water. Camphor is dissolved more or less promptly by the degree of alcohol employed. Absolute alcohol is to camphor what water is to sugar, they combine together in such a manner that it becomes like syrup and finally forms a solid body. 140. Camphorated spiiits is quite as useful as camphorated alcohol, the quantity of camphor which common spirits has the power of dissolving being sufficient for the purposes we have in view. How- ever, we would prefer alcohol at 40 degr., because it does not im- pregnate linen with that cabaret odour which is so repugnant to certain persons; and moreover because it evaporises quicker, does not wet the linen and deposits on the surface a large quantity of camphor powder. But as to the healing agency, camphorated spirits is as powerful an agent, in most cases, as camphorated alcohol. When you cannot obtain camphorated alcohol, cologne water or molasses may be used for lotions. 141.—Preparation.—Camphorated spirits is obtained by throwing in a vase which contains spirits, small pieces of camphor and shaking the vase at intervals. Camphorated spirits will thus be obtained in a quarter of an hour, if you see at the bottom a few particles of camphor remaining. A higher temperature will quicken the dissolution. Empty the spirits into another vase. 142. Camphorated alcohol is produced by dissolving camphor in alcohol at 40 ° or 44 ° until" it is reduced to 30 ° . Thirty one grammes of Camphor to a decilitre of alcohol at 44 ° will bring it down to 30 ° . The following is the formula I generally use : Take alcohol at 40 ° . . . 1 quart. " Camphor, .... 5 ounces. The camphor will be dissolved almost instantaneously and reduce the alcohol at 30 ° 143. Manner of using camphorated spirits and alcohol.—This liquid is employed as lotions, compresses, or dissolved in water and weakened so as to render it drinkable. 1 ° . Lotions.—Fill up the palm of your hand and rub on the parts corresponding to the seat of your sufferings. 2 ° . Compresses.—Empty a sufficient quantity in a bowl or plate \ soak linen folded in four foulds and apply it immediately, cold, on the surface of your pain. To prevent alcohol from passing through the linen, and render its action more lasting, without affecting the patient's odorate, cover the compress with a muslin handkerchief well starched, the sides of which require to be wet, so that they may adhere to the flesh around the compress. Alcohol, unable to dissolve starch, finds itself thus imprisoned, as if in a flask well corked. 12 3 °. Dissolution.—Persons who are in the habit of drinking strong spirituous liquors could take, without any risk, camphorated spirits of two in one, without adding any water. Alcohol at at 40 ° , even reduced to 30 °, by the addition of camphor, would bum their intestines. Persons of sober habits who have not con- tracted the unfortunate relish of drinking strong spirituous would feel as much effect in drinking camphorated spirits of one in two as the most intrepid drinker of strong spirituous in drinking campho- rated alcohol at 40 ° . When we prescribe alcohol as a beverage, we always recommend to mix it with ten times its quantity of water; thus: Water,......10 Camphorated alcohol, .... 1 Take for example one glass ; divided it in ten equal parts. Empty a tenth part of alcohol in the glass and fill up with water. As much of this quantity is swallowed, as possible, in cases where worms come up in the throat. 144. Theoretical explanation of the action of camphorated alcohol on the animal system.—The principal agent of camphor- ated alcohol is camphor ; alcohol being only there as an agent. Al- cohol possesses more affinity for water than for camphor or any other oily substance; consequently it renders water milky and deposits a quantity of camphor powder which is increased by augmenting the quantity of water. From this, it follows that alcohol extracts from the tissues the water with which they are impregnated, dries them up as parchment, and as we might safely say, cauterises : consequently a single drop on flesh to the quick would produce a burning almost insupportable. Its introduction in the stomach, consequently, has the more intoxicating action as it is less saturated with water. Care must be taken not to apply it on the mucous, quick flesh, ge- nital organs, rectum, &c, unless in the manner and in the cases we will indicate in describing the particular application of our medicine to the several diseases. 145. Camphorated alcohol applied on the skin relieves immedia- tely pains in the sides, violent palpitations of the heart, pains of bowels, &c. 146. There are cases when alcohol becomes the principal agent and its medical property equals that of camphor. Alcohol has the property of coagulating the albumen of blood as well as pus., &c. Hence, in some cases, this property alone would suffice to quicken a cure and save life. Let us suppose the formation of a gangrenous wound, slough, or focus of putrid matter, which is easily recognized by the cadaverous odour the wound emits. In these cases life is in danger and death is produced by infection whenever the poison of such decomposition finds its way through the blood, by entering the superficial veins. This danger will be avoided and the poisonous infection rendered impossible, if there exists a means of barring, around the wound, 13 all communication with the blood system. Compression will not furnish this result, for however strong it may be applied, it will not act on all the capillary vessels and much less on those placed at a certain depth. Alcohol, on the contrary, by its coagulating property which extends to a sufficient depth will produce the desired effect almost instantaneously ; for in coagulating the albumen of the vessels, it will form solid stoppers which will intercept all communication between the infected parts and the sound flesh. It is sufficient to surround the wound of suspicious appearance with simple compresses well sprinkled at intervals with camphorated alcohol; camphor will then check the progress of putrid decomposition and alcohol will arrest the contagious invasion at its passage. 147. Cologne water, in cases of need, may be substituted, in lotions and compresses to camphorated alcohol. But camphorated alcohol has a more powerful action than cologne, water. Rum, tafia, kwas, kirschenwasser, saturated with camphor may be employed in cases of need, when you cannot procure spirits, with the same efficacy. 148. It will be also perceived why camphorated alcohol checks suddenly the pain and decomposition of mashed flesh, contusions,, ecchymosis, when there is no cut. The extravasated blood being deprived by alcohol of its watery substance will dry up, and conse- quently be prevented from turning into pus; for no fermentation can take place without the presence of water. From this moment, mashed flesh will only act the part of dead skin; pain, which indicates disorganisation will be removed when the progress of disorga- nisation is checked, by the want of air and water which are neces- sary to decompose the disorganised tissues. 149. It will also be understood why the breathing of camphorated alcohol will stop bleeding at the nose, and spitting of blood, and why a simple lotion of camphorated alcohol diluted in a large quantity of water would suffice to stop the worst hemorrhage: this small quantity being sufficient to coagulate the blood at the opening of one of the largest veins. *"**! 150 General Rule. — Consequently anodyne water will be employed incases of inflammation of the tissues which is indicated by fever, quickness of the pulse, confusion of the head; for in all those cases the blood thickens, coagulates and is deprived of its natural channels of circulation. Camphorated alcohol should be used in all cases of weakness, morbid affections, and finally whenever the circulation of blood is checked by the superabundance of its fluids. Against fever, use anodyne water; camphorated alcohol against debility. Compresses of camphorated alcohol must be used with great pre- caution on thin and emaciated persons, whose cellular tissues pro- tecting the internal organs have nearly disappeared, because the action of alcohol would be too energetic on the sacred organs. Thig accident is prevented by applying lotions of mitigated anodyne water, and by frictions of camphorated ointment (158.) B 14 151. Precautions to be taken in using Camphorated Al- cohol—Remember when you use camphorated alcohol that it will ignite if brought near a candle, consequently keep it at a distance from the flame. 152. Always recommend to patients who have a delicate stomach to abstain from remaining too long breathing atmostphere impregnated with camphorated alcoholic fluids, for the excess of this alcoholic fluid inhaled, would be as baneful as the excess of alcohol taken as a bever- age. The air we breathe is as much impregnated by the fluids of our medicines as by the escape of any gas. Pure air is a second nourish- ment. {{. 5 Camphorated oil and turpentink. 153. Recipe:— Olive oil. . . . . . , . 250 grammes. Camphor in powder......30 " Camphor is dissolved in oil at the usual heat, by simply shaking it every quarter of an hour. Dissolution will be quickened by placing the vessel near the fire, but not on the fire. Any other palatable oil may be substituted for olive oil, provided it contains no acids and is without smell. 154. Camphorated oil preserving its fluidity at a temperature where camphorated ointment becomes solid, is used with more advantage than the ointment in injections and to soak dressings when the end to be attained does not permit its renewals*but at long intervals. This soaking with camphorated oil, repeated -fluently, is equal to a com- plete new dressing. 155. Turpentine oil.—This oil is used in the treatment of animals for the same diseases treated in man by camphorated oil or ointment, viz:—Itch, scabs,carbuncles, ulcere, &c. Any kind of oil may be employed instead of turpentine. Recipe :— Oil........ . 1 litre. Essence of turpentine,.....1 decilitre. .Shake well during some time, either cold or heated; this oil is in- jected in the ears, nasals, &c. Turpentine administered as a beverage or injection is mixed in a buckef ci wafer, containing 30 grammes of essence. 156. The leaves of St. John's g-ao; Hypericum perforatum) in the flowery season, are also an exec- '■< or-iedy, by infusing them in any kind of oil. (-j 6. Camphorated bougies ac;_;-sr-rrtEs and uterine diseases. 157. Recipe :-— Mutton grease. ...... 500 grammes. Camphor powder (126.) . 150 " Virguiwax (1) . ... 10 " Dissolve the wax and greas .- a boiling water baih, throw in the (1) In winter wax may be disj. -«;ith or when the end to be attained does not require such melting agency 15 camphor powder, or the same quantity of camphor dissolved in alcohol. When the mixture has acquired the limpidity, of oil, take it out from the fire and empty your composition in a mould about 3[4 of an inch in dia- meter , and about 3 inches in length. When these bougies are introduced in the fundament, they must be supported by a bandage until they are entirely melted or repulsed by a stool. The same bougies are used against all uterine diseases; they must then be about 4 or 5 inches in length and are introduced only after you have tied on the end a waxed taper to enable you to withdraw them when it becomes necessary to perform injections. §§ 7. Camphorated ointment. 158. Recipe:— Hogs lard........100 grammes. Camphor powder (126.) .... 30 " Manner of preparing this ointment. Place the hog lard in a com- mon tin-cup and boil by steam in a vase containing about 2 inches of water. When the lard is reduced to oil, mix slowly the quantity of camphor we have indicated and stir the whole with a stick. Withdraw from the fire as soon as you perceive that the camphor is well mixed with the oil, which is effected in about two or three minutes. A few minutes after having drawn it from the fire, decant slowly into another vase in order to prevent the dregs of lard mixing; then place it in a cool spot until it congeals. Ointment thus prepared is as white as snow and perfectly smooth. 159. Camphorated alcohol may be used in lieu of camphor powder by augmenting the proportion of 30 grammes of camphor powder to 60 grammes of camphorated alcohol (142). Precaution must be taken when you employ alcohol that it does not ignite. This composition will have to remain about 10 minutes longer in the steam bath to give the alcohol time to evaporate, and if there still remains alcohol you will decant until it is all off. 160. Manner of using camphorated ointment.—This ointment is used for frictions and dressing of wounds. 1 ° . Frictions.—After having washed the back, chest and belly, with anodyne water, incases of fever (177); or with camphorated alcohol in cases of debility (150), you will place in the palm of your hand a certain quantity of ointment which you will rub on the same parts of the body and continue a light friction until you perceive the ointment has been absorbed. Renew the friction on the same parts with the ointment during twenty minutes. Frictions form a base of our treatment; they are to be renewed three or four times a day. To appreciate the relief a patient obtains by this treatment, requires a personal test. 2 ° . Dressings.—When the wound has been well washed spread a thick coating of camphor powder (126) on it. On the surface of this powder coating apply lint on which you have placed a coating of tamphor ointment. Cover the whole with clean linen bands. 1G Above the bands place some thick paper, which will prevent the ointment from passing too quicklv through the linen. 1 he whole to be secured by a bandage. Caoutchouc, cerecloth or waxed linen may be used in lieu of paper: cerecloth is more beneficial by its adhesion on the sound flesh, thereby preventing the air from penetrat- ing to the wound until the next dressing. 161. Camphorated ointment is introduced in the nose against internal ulceration and rebellious colds in the head; in the funda- ment against fissures, piles excoriations; but above all in the genital organs against all the diseases of those organs, white emis- sions, runnings, urinary affections, &c. 162. Theoretical explanations of the effects or campho- rated ointment on the animal system.—Camphorated oint- ment is eminently antiseptic or anti-pntrid, 1st. by the action of camphor which checks all normal fermentation ; 2nd by the action of the greasy substance which forms on the surface a varnish impene- trable to air. Hence, without air, no decomposition can take place. CHAPTER V. Poultices. ' 163. Skin absorbs as well as the mucous, with this difference that absorbtion is slower and necessitates the agency of water. But water is sooner absorbed by our clothing than through our skin. Hence the necessity of employing agents having the faculty of retaining water continually in contact with the skin. This agent is found in poul- tices. Consequently poultices are an excellent means of introducing medicine in the circulation, through the skin, by the agency of water. 164. Preparation of poultices.—The poultice is to be placed between two pieces of linen folded at each end and applied on the skin. In this manner, when the poultice is withdrawn, it leaves no soiling either on the skin or on the linen. 166. Softening poultices.—In a pint of boiling water put an hecto gramme of linseed; take from the fire when it becomes like glue ; empty in about two grammes of camphorated alcohol, (139) and a small wine glass of anodyne water (169); stir up the whole with a spoon and spread your poultice on linen as indicated above. 166. Vermifuge poultices.—Add to the linseed of the poultice above described, two heads of ground garlic and a few leeks, and two grammes of assa foetida mixed in a sufficient quantity of campho- rated ointment. Having placed it on the linen as above [164], apply it more particularly on the abdomen and renew the poultice every two hours. To the preceding poultice we may sometimes, with advantage, substitute the softening poultice (166) well sprinkled with a large quantity of anodyne water [165]. In most cases I employ no other. 167. Salinous poultices.—At the commencement of a cure, employ the following poultice, which is to be applied an hour before dressing. In the softening poultice (165) add 60 grammes' of 17 grey kichen salt; and when drawn from the fire 10 grammes of camphorated alcohol [139]; sprinkle the linen with anodyne water (169). . 168. Dry poultices or satchels.—In cases, where the tissues ar« infiltrated with water, producing oedema, I have used satchels filled with substances greedy of moisture and free of any disorganizing agents. I place in the first rank, satchels filled with kitchen salt reduced to fine powder: they are very efficacious in cases of strangulated breast, inflammation of the cheek, and swelling of glands. For in- filtration in the members, wash with camphorated alcohol and apply satchels filled with but grains of oats, or piaster in powder, or any other kind of flour, heated in an oven or pan. CHAPTER VI. Anodyne water. 169. Recipe.—1st formula—Common anodyne water. Liquid ammoniac at 22 ° . . . . 60 grammes. Camphorated alcohol [139], Kitchen salt, .... Common water .... 2nd formula.—Mean anodyne water: Liquid ammoniac at 22 ° Camphorated alcohol [139] Kitchen salt, .... Common water, .... 3rd formula.—Very strong anodyne water. Liquid ammoniac at 22 ° Camphorated alcohol [130], Common water, .... 1 litre. N. B. A small quantity of the essence of rose or any other essence may be added to give it a good flavor. But generally, patients always find whatever relieves them good enough. 170. How to prepare this water.—Place in a separate bottle camphorated alcohol in the prescribed quantity of liquid ammoniac; cork well and shake the bottle ; let the mixture settle down a while. In another vase dissolve the kitchen salt in the required quantity of water and throw in a few drops of liquid ammoniac; when the 6alt is entirely dissolved, decant slowly in another vase or pass it through a paper filter:—then mix quickly the camphorated ammoniac in the bottle of salt water, cork it well and shake it.—The water is then fit for use. Remember to keep your bottle always well corked. 171. Very strong anodyne water is used on persons who have a hard and callous skin, and for the treatment of animals. 172. Mean anodyne water is used against the biting of vipers, scorpions and venomous insects. 173. I generally use the weak anodyne water; sometimes I find it too strong and I am obliged to add water, especially when I treat per- B 10 60 " 1 litre. 80 grammes. 10 " 60 1 litre. 100 grammes. 10 18 sons of a delicate skin, small pox marks or scars of any other na- ture. 174. Weakanodvue water contains about 1-18, the mean 1-14 and very strong 1-12 of Ammoniac. A simple addition of water will re- duce the very strong and the mean to the same degree of the weakest. 175. Anodyne water in remaining in a flask acquires a smell of bitter almonds, which is produced by the combination of ammoniac and camphor. 176. The following is the most expeditive way of preparing com- mon anodyne water without being obliged to weigh the several drugs:—Dissolve a handful of common salt in a tumbler of water. When this is done and the water has recovered its limpidity, empty two small wine glasses filled with ammoniac in a quart bottle, then half a small wine glass of camphorated alcohol (139); and stir the bottle. Empty then the tumbler full of salt water, shake the bottle again, and fill up the bottle with common water. If you haye a larger bottle and are desirous of augmenting your stock of anodyne water, you should empty in the bottle a tumbler full of com- mon kitchen salt water, one tumbler full of camphorated ammoniac and the above quantity of camphorated alcohol, and sixteen tumblers full ot water. N. B. Anodyne water although prepared with the greatest care, will form a deposit of while powder, consequently the bottle must be well shaken before you use it. When you have saltwater at hand, the preparation of anodyne water does not take more than a minute. 177. How to use anodyne water.—This water is used in lotions or compresses. When applied in lotions fill the palm of your hand and rub smoothly over the parts of the body you want it to act. When used as compresses, soak a linen folded in four in the water and apply on the parts you intend to relieve. When you employ anodyne water on the head, surround it with a thick band to prevent the water running to your back and more especially in your eyes; place the compress well soaked on the head and sprinkle it with anodyne water until the patient is entirely re- lieved of pain, which, generally takes place in a few minutes. The application of anodyne water compresses on the skin produces a burning which] may become disagreeable on certain parts of the body. They are to be withdrawn as soon as you feel the burning pain too strong. This last symptom, however, is soon relieved by the application of camphorated ointment on the parts burned. Besides, compresses are only used when lotions have not been sufficient to calm and dissipate the pain. There is another means of obtaining the'desired relief, in as sure a way, although somewhat slower, by applying on the part which appears to be the seat of pain, a poultice well sprinkled with anodyne water (166); it may remain a whole night without burning your skin! 19 178. Precautions to be taken in the preparation and pre- servation of anodyne water.—Care must be taken to keep the flask of ammoniac at a distance of your body, when you open and pour from it. Bottles of anodyne water must always be kept well corked. Bear in mind to keep the bottle in a cool place and never let it remain during the night near a chimney fire or heated stove ; heat might start the cork and ammoniac would escape in the room. ;, Anodyne water must not be breathed unless indicated in the treat- I ment. 179. Theoretical explanations of the action of anodyne water on the animal system.—When you witness for the first ■, time the quick and sure effects of anodyne^pater, the action of this medicine appears miraculous. Having affheart to erase from the study of science the word miraculous which has always been used by quacks as a draft on ignorance, we shall give such a detailed and of this anodyne water, that every body will be enabled, not merely ' to understand the reasons which induce us to apply it in certain given cases, but also knowingly, to modify its application, according to cir- ' cumstances. • 180. The blood, this essential vital liquid which is distributed in our divers organs by circulation, loses its organising properties when too liquid or too solid, that is to say whenever the albumen which forms its basis is more or less deprived or superabundant of j that menstruation which keeps it partly in dissolution. Water with the addition of certain salts, among which hydroclorate of ammo- niac [ammoniac salt] are the agents which play the most important part in menstruation. 181. The introduction of an acid, essential oil, carbonate of hy- drogen or alcohol (rectified spirits) in the blood vessels, coagulates the albumen of blood as well as a high degree of heat coagulates the ; white of an egg. Excessive heat would produce the same effect, in , extracting by evaporation the watery substance of the blood. 182. Coagulated albumen, in a circulating vessel, would necessar- ily create an obstacle which would arrest the circulation as effec- i tually as a cork in a cylinder. If the coagulated matter does not ( entirely obstruct the passage, circulation will only be lessened at this i spot until the power of the circulating liquid triumphs over this ob- ! stacle by violently pushing it elsewhere; and from this moment the speed of the blood will be proportionate to the delay it encounters on ,' its passage. 183. If the matter entirely obstructs the passage, there will be an augmentation before and a vacuum after; a superfluous quantity before \ and a penury after: a double suffering by the more or less, by excess and by privation, on both sides of this diaphragm. I 184. If, instead of a single obstruction, we suppose there are two, ; at any distance from one another, hermetically obstruing the : vessels on both sides, the blood wich remain between these two stop- ; 20 pers will be stagnant, deprived of the healthy modifications it ac- quires by circulation and bereaved of the benefit of respiration which it periodically seeks in the pulmonary vessels. Hence, blood decom- poses itsef whenever it does not circulate. Decomposition throws out a large quantity of caloric. At first heat and inflammation will be felt; redness and inflammation by the introduction of the compresed blood in the capillaries of the skin; and by the violent formation of a new capillary in this skin: decoloration will then ensue by the decom- position of the coloring matter of blood, and finally the formation of pu6, which is nothing else than discolored blood turning to a putrid fermentation. 185. If this effect ^take^place in the lungs, it will^cause an inflam- mation of the chest, affeolfcn of the liver, &c. If in the heart and its dependencies, violent irregular palpitations. If on the "partitions of the stomach and intestines, a derangement in the digestive organs. 186. If in the muscular tissues, it will produce numbness, pain in the movements, progressive formation of purulent holes, rhumatismal pains. If in the joints, gouty affections, tumors at first red, then turning white, &c. 187. But if on the contrary, this coagulation takes place in the large or small vessels encircling the brain, you may easily judge the incal- culable number of disorders which such a sanguine stagnation may produce in the physical and moral functions which concentrate in this organ: megrim, cephalalgia, violent headache, brain fever, stupor, delirium, madness, &c, are all simple modifications of the action of the same and sole occasional cause. 188. You have now before you the theory of fever, the irregularity of the pulse, its jerking, suspension, &c. 189. We must observe that the stagnation of blood prompts the forming of an acid which carries elsewhere its coagulating action and produces in its turn new disorders: a vicious circle where the effect becomes, in its turn, the cause, and propagates anew generation of disorders. 190. When this effect takes places, by what means are we to combat it? It is evident that whatever treatment you adopt should tend to dissolve the cause of coagulation, transform the solid obstacle into liquid, re-open the interrupted communications of the circulating vessels and render to circulation its regularity by removing the obsta- cles. In such circumstances, ancient medicine, dogmatically em- ployed baths, diet, leeches or bleeding. But baths, which restored to impoverished blood its watery particles did not penetrate every where and to a sufficient depth. The quantity of water which it could restore to blood by absorbtion, could not neutralize the action of an acid and much less the cause which produced it and to which it often served as an auxiliary. Diet is the imposition of another disease on an organ already disordered. Famishing to cure, serves only in most cases, to kill by famine the patient who would have died of fever. Local or general bleeding may deprive of blood the obstructed vessels- 21 ♦ it only adds destitution to overflowing, a disease by congestion and by over excitation. In most cases a disorder is grafted on another. 191. Discovery of theory has placed us on the way of finding the practical treatment, and success has so confirmed our foresight, that those who witness the first effects of our medicine, although forewarn- ed, experience a sense of surprise, more especially when they have had the ill-luck of experiencing the ancient treatment. Anodyne water applied on the skin, conveys, by absorbtion, to the superficial vessels, ammoniac and salt, two powerful dissolvers of coagulated blood. The superficial vessels transmit successively and in the most hidden tissues, the benefit of these menstruation; albumi- i nous obstacles are attacked on all points and dissolved so rapidly that it often happens the patient is unable to state the moment when relief began. The desired effect is sometimes obtained in four or five minu- tes : megrim disappears, the pulse recovers its natural beating, fever ceases, the skin recovers its ordinary heat, reason returns with that joyous expanse we feel when recovering; and all this is accomplished in so short a time that the patient believes he is resurrected rather than cured. 192. This water also possesses,apartfrom its powerful anodyne action, the addition of a vermifuge and anti-putrid, by carrying through circu- lation the balsam of camphor with which it is impregnated where ever there exists a purulent focus or an incubation of worms. Apply on the abdomen a simple poultices prinkled with anodyne water in dis- orders produced by worms and suddenly the patient will be relieved of the stings which they produced. 193. Consequently, anodyne water is prescribed exteriorly, and as we have explained above (177) against fever and inflammation, brain fever, appoplexy, violent palpitations of heart, swelling of limbs with red hues, cutaneous and erisypelous eruptions, biting of serpents and insects whose darts introduce acids in the blood (189), &c. It should be applied on the invaded surface, provided excoriation does not exist, which in that case, would produce a burning, although inoffensive and transient, too painful to be endured by persons of an irritable constitu- tion. As there is no kind of disease which does not create fever, it will be easily perceived that anodyne water is required in every disorder; care must be taken against inhaling too long the odour of this water; it would even produce baneful effects in residing habitually in an at- mosphere impregnated with it, for the lungs would be in danger of becoming diseased by the action of disengaged alcali volatil. Conse- quently when applied in compresses around the neck, on the face or on the crown of the head, walk to and fro the/length of your room, in order to leave behind you the ammoniacal fluids, and breathe only the air which is less impregnated with it. The observations we have made above, must not create any hesitation in using the anodyne water whenever required. We merely wished to observe that ammo- niacal fluids cannot take the place of pure air which is indispensable ; to respiration, and that the less we viciate the air, the better we feel. 22 194. Certain physicians, wishing to pass themselves as inno- vators in the eyes of an incompetent public, have so altered the bene- fits of our alcaline treatment, by most lalse and ignorant modifications, that they expose patients to most serious accidents. W e have recom- mended in cases of asthma, hooping cough, angine. &c, to surround the neck of the patient with a cravat impregnated with anodyne water. These imprudent innovators have thought jhat by applying ammoniac with a brush on the glotte and even in the troat they would sooner neutralize the cause of disorder, thus exposing themselves to trans- form a simple asthma into an endemateuse or inflammatory affection,and curing a cold by creating an inflammation of the chest. Were commend to patients who may fall in such imprudent hands, to notify such phy- sicians, in the name of chemistry, that ammoniac having the property of penetrating quickly in the flesh, penetrates still quicker through mucous than through skin and cauterises and dissolves mucous with sufficient rapidity to deserve, in such cases, the name of poison. CHAPTER VII. Castor Oil. 195. When the purgative property of aloes do not operate suffi- ciently, and more especially in cases where I prescribe fern powder or bark of pomegranate, I have recourse to castor oil. 196. In those cases, take aloes (99) at dinner on the day preceding with a good garlic soup. The next mix, for grown persons : Castor oil....... 60 grammes. In hot herb broth (104.) . . A . half a bowl. For children: Castor oil.......30 grammes. In hot herb broth (104.). . . . quarter of a bowl. Drink this mixture in three different times at the distance of one minute, taking the precaution of placing a piece of lemon peal bet- ween your teeth at each time. Keep walking in the room and each time you feel inclined to a stool, take a good bowl of hot herb broth. If, by accident this over purging produces a burning at the fundament, rub it well with cam- phorated ointment (158.) CHAPTER VIII. Ioihke of potassium. 197. Ever since the power of this medicine has been propt up, I have frequently used it; but I am constrained to acknowledge I do not share the confidence of practitioners in the efficacy of this drug. I am persuaded that many attribute to lode the results of accessory treatments which they loose sight of. However, lest I should be mis- taken in this respect, and as I have tested on myself the innocuous effects of this medicine at the dose I prescribe it, I continue adminis- tering it in secret deseases, after the following formula :• Sarsaparilla roots. ..... 30 grammes. Iodure of potassium......1 « 23 Boiled in one litre of water. Iodure of potassium is thrown in at the moment you draw from the fire. Divide in three glasses, to be taken one in the morning, the others at noon and at night, with a piece of camphor the size of a pea mashed under your teeth. 198. In certain cases I add madder powder and leaves of wild endive to Iodure of potassium: I call this tisanne, ioduro rubiacee. Iodure of potassium. ..... 1 gramme. Madder powder (203) ..... 1 " Endive powder...... . 15 " Endive and madder to be boiled in a quart of water during five minutes. When withdrawn from the fire, throw in the Iodure of po- tassium ; divide the tisanne in three glasses and take one in the morning, one at noon and the other at night. CHAPTER IX. Fern and pomegranate tree roots. 199. Both of these roots are employed separately or together against common or large worms. Fern root is reduced in powder; pome- granate by stripping the large roots of their bark and reducing it in small pieces. 200. Use of the fern root powder. — Take every morning, during three days, 30 grammes between two coatings of sweetmeats; on the fourth day purge yourself with the castor oil (195). 201. Use of pomegranate bark.—Take 60 grammes of scrapings of the large root and boil it in a quart of water until it is reduced one third; withdraw from the fire and pass it through linen. This beverage is drank hot, divided in three glasses, taken at intervals of a quarter of an hour. After each glass, masticate a piece of lemon peal. Half an hour after the third glass, purge yourself with castor oil (195). In order to anticipate the effects of this treatment, it is neces- sary you should spice your food, especially with garlic, during three or four days before you take the infusion of pomegranate root, and. take on the eve, at dinner, 25 centigrammes of aloes (99) and at night a large bowl of herb broth (104). 202. Phisicians assert that pomegranate tree root produces convulsions. — This is a false explanation of an effect, the cause of which I will explain. As soon as the worm feels the first effect of the introduction of this infusion, he becomes irritated and struggles violently. The patient then experiences a lashing pain in the lower part of the stomach or violent prickings in the intestines; sometimes he feels something coming up histkroat and choking him. It is evident that such an irritation may produce convulsions, but the action of pomegranate root is nothing more than the occasional cause, and in the absence of worms, would produce no such effects. Consequently when such accidents occur, you must take a small wine glass of camphorated alcohol, (143. 3°) mixed in ten times jte Quantity of water; apply compresses (203) of camphorated alcohol 24 (139) on all the parts which appear to be the field where the worm * struggling and all these symptoms will cease as soon as the worm becomes benumbed. With this precaution, you will be certain of expelling the worm, at the first or second dose and escaping all the inconveniences attributed formerly to this remedy. I know of no other remedy, taken as we prescribe it, possessing less baneful effects. Before prescribing it to patients, 1 have tried it on myself two or tree times for no other pur- pose than that of experimenting. You may believe my word, it may be taken without fear and with impunity, either in good or bad health CHAPTER X. Madder root towder. 203. I had long ago given up the hope of reaching the cause which produces diseases of the bones, protected as it is against the action of external treatments by bony partitions. It required the discovery of an internal remedy capable of reaching it, without deterioration, through the torrent of circulation. I laid my eyes on madder root, remembering, on the one side, that the coloring property of this plant reached the bones, and gave them a red color, a fact which has been remarked on animals, such as bulls and cows, fed on fern leaves; on the other hand I never could observe a single venenous insect living on madder root. You will not find a single trace of erosion on these roots. Hence whatever does not serve as nourishment to larvas is a poison to them. Supposing then, the presence of such a cause in the interior of a bony organ, it appeared to me possible to poison it on the spot by administering to the patient a simple decoction of madder root. 204. The first time I employed this remedy was on the locksmith of Gentilly, a description of whose disease and cure I will give in its proper place (337). He was afflicted with an asteo sarcoma on the knee. In eight days, this enormous lump had been transformed in a large bag of pus which we emptied ; I dressed the wound after mj system and in a month my patient could walk. 205. From that period, I have successfully administered this infusion to ricketty and scrofulous childrens, to persons affected with caries of the bones. I invite physicians to try it themselves in all cases of cancerous affections, bearing in mind the precautions I will indicate. 206. Preparation of the powder and decoction of Mad- der.—Cut the roots in small pieces of about half an inch, dry them in an oven, frying pan or by any other means, being careful they do not burn. When they become brittle, grind them through a coffee mill. Decoction is obtained by boiling: Madder root powder, .... 1 gramme. In water.......1 litre. Divide this decoction in three glasses which you drink in the morn- nrng, at noon and at night. Before each glass mash under your teeth 25 a piece of camphor the size of a pea. Continue this tizane during three or four days and then cease for eight days. 207. Precautions to be taken.—Madder root having the prop- erty of combining itself with the calcareous base of the bones, it be- comes physiologically evident that the use of madder root powder-, contmuedtoo long, might have the effect of rendering the bones more brittle than usual. As our aim in this treatment is to reach the cause which corrodes them, and as this effect is often produced in two or three days, we suspend the use of this medicine, in order to agree with the precautions to be taken with the end we have in view. 208. Infused madder has the taste of licorice and the exciting properties of coffee. Persons whose constitutions are opposed to the use of coffee, would be obliged to diminish the dose of madder pow- der from one gramme to a few centigrammes : in such cases they would have to continue the use of this medicine longer. N. B. The purple coloring matter of madder passes quickly into the urine, which it turns to red as uric acid would do, but without dis- turbing its limpidity; its yellow coloring matter passes through the excrements which it turns to yellow as aloes would do (105); but this double coloring is neither lasting nor of bad omen. CHAPTER XI. Tar water and tizane. 209. To prepare tar water, place at the bottom of a decanter, a piece of liquid tar the size of a nut and fill up with water. The motion of the water alone is sufficient to impregnate the liquid with a tarry flavor The piece of tar in the bottom of the decanter may last for a whole year, it being only necessary to replenish the decanter with water when empty. Tar water may be taken at meals like common water. 210. Tar tizane is prepared by boiling a piece of tar the size of a pea in a quart of water. This tizane, milk warm, contains more tar than the other and is too strong to be drank as a common be- verage. One glass is to be taken in the morning and evening, with a piece of camphor the size of a pea under your teeth. CHAPTER XII. Infusion of borage. 212. Boil a large handful of fresh borage leaves in a quart of water and drink warm with sugar. This is a delicious infusion which I prefer to tea. Its nitric, quality brings perspiration to the skin, re- establishes and accelerates digestion, and finally produces all the good effects attributed to China tea, which fraud alters in so many ways. The only drawback of this beverage is that it does not bear a Chinese name. Who would attempt, to serve in a soiree borage instead of tea ? Pschaw ! such a name smells of tizane, as if tea was not one ! Only attempt to change the name and use borage instead of tea3no body will perceive the difference and it will be found palatable. 26 213. I administer borage by large bowlfuls against indigestion and gastric embarrassments, suspended perspiration, cutaneous eruptions, retention of urine, with the addition of a small piece of camphor the size of a pea, placed under your teeth, at each bowl. 214. Borage grows naturally in gardens ; a single plant which Wars grain will cover the whole ground the next year. During summer gather young plants and dry them up in the sun, to serve you during winter. 215. I invite ladies and mothers to introduce in their families the use of borage tea during their winter parties. The health of their families will be greatly benefitted by it and they will no longer dread being poisoned by Chinese tea. CHAPTER XIII. Injection and gargarisms. 216. The aim of injections is to clear the bowels, either of hard- ened accumulated excrement in the colon, or of worms which besiege them, or of poisonous substances which corrode them. 217. Laxative and softening injection: Boil a quarter of an hour in water, . . 1 litre. Linseed ......30 grammes. Roses of new vine sprigs . . .10 " WTien you take from the fire, throw in camphorated oil, . . .10 " Administer with a syringe of easy play, suppress the use of old syringes which would expose you to wound yourself. 218. Purgative injection: Add to the preceding injection when boiling, aloes, [99] 3 pieces, 15 centigrammes. 219. Over purgative injection : Castor oil [195].....25 grammes. 220. Vermifuge injection : Water,......1 litre. Aloes [99]......!5 centigrammes. Tobacco,......15 " ■ Assa fcetida, .....15 « Camphorated oil [153], .... 10 grammes. >•. B. Aloes [99] acts on the large intestine as a purgative- camphorated oil softens the sides, heals or prevents excoriation! Tobacco and assa feetida in passing through the torrent of circulation spread their poisonous odour in all the tissues, even the breath, and reach the worms m the most hidden organs of the body. If tobacco does not create any bad effect, the dose may be doubled at the second injection. 221. Tobacco, sometimes produces, especially on females, a nar- cotic and intoxicating sensation for a few moments. This must not camse alarm; get in bed and smell vinegar; in about ten minutes you wul rise free from the effects of both your remedy and disease. 27 222. Injections are also used in the genital organs, ears, nose and fistulas. For these purposes a small glass or metal syringe not liable to rust, is used. In the genital organs injections are made with milk warm tar water [209]; camphorated oil [153] is employed for the ears and nose, and more especially for fistulas ; and at each dressing the oil is washed out by an injection of tar water [209] These injections must be repeated whenever the pain is renewed and in diseases of the genital organs, at least four times a day. 223. Gargarism.—This is used to wash the mouth of morbid mu- cous and the virus which may have invaded the walls. I administer gargarisms either of salt water or camphorated vinegar diluted with water [247]. 224. Saltwater gargles have a very beneficial effect in cases of strangulated glands, swelling of cheeks, of the wind pipe, diseases of respiratory organs. Salt water is made by dissolving in cold water common salt, and leaving it settle and then slowly emptied into another bottle. Gargles of camphorated vinegar [247] are used in cases of scor- butic affections, fetid virus, suspicious ulcerations. Camphorated alcohol [143 3o.] may be used with equal advantage, by mixing it with water. Camphorated vinegar and alcohol are mixed in twenty times the proportion of water. N. B. Injections for animals are made with bran water and half an ounce of essence of turpentine to a bucket full [155] or 4 litres of boiled tar water [209] passed through a bolting cloth. CHAPTER XIV. Infusion of Iceland moss, endive and. hops. 225. Preparation.—Boil 15 grammes of moss in half a litre of water. After a quarter of an hour, throw out the water and let it drain The moss being thus deprived of its bitterness is to be reboiled in one litre of water. After boiling a few minutes, drink it hot with sugar. Effects.—This tizane is partly vermifuge by its bitter principle and softening by its mucilagineous property. I administer it in lieu of endive water in affections of the chest, jointly with the camphorated regimen (262). Moss found in woods may serve as well as the Iceland moss, if care is taken to employ only the top of the shrub in order to avoid the mixing of bark fragments. 226. Preparation of infusion of endive and hops. — Boil one litre of water and throw in when boiljng two or three pinches of wild endive, or two or three female heads of hops. Withdraw from the fire and let it infuse. It may be taken a quarter of an hour after. Again.—Cut up the leaves of wild endive and place them in the bottom of a decanter which you fill up with water, and drink at meals. You renew this operation every day. You may equally use as a beverage the two preceding infusions. I make use indistinctly in my prescriptions of either of the above 28 tizanes. I recommend the water of those substances as a hyegenic measure and tizane to patients. Three glasses of tizane are to be taken daily with the addition of a small piece of camphor the size of a pea placed under the teeth before drinking each glass. The bitter qualities of this beverage and tizane are excellent ver- mifuges which children take with delight when you add to it sugar or honey. CHAPTER XV. Pastils to produce a good breath. 227. Persons who have habitually a bad breath may rid themselves of this disagreeable quality by using salt water gargles, (224); smok- ing the camphorated cigarette, and rubbing the back and breast with camphorated alcohol morning and evening. They may also remove this inconvenience by using the following pastils. Smokers will also find great advantage in using them against the smell of cigars or the pipe. 228. Recipe:— White salt.......30 grammes. Tartaric acid in powder..... 3 " Essential oil of peppermint . . . 10 " Essential oil of lemon. . . . . 10 " White sugar.......500 " Syrup of gum (243)...... 10 " Preparation.—Grind to a very fine powder on a heated plate the sait.christallized tartaric acid and white sugar; mix then the two essen- ces ; knead the whole with the syrup of gum, and add water whenever wanted and in a quantity sufficient to form dough. Pass the dough under a roller and cut it up in small circular pieces which will form pastils of about one gramme in weight after having been dried in an oven or stove. Each of these pastils will contain 5 centigrammes (one grain) of salt, half a centigramme of tartaric acid: salt is destined to dissolve the saliva and tartaric acid to saturate the ammoniac or decompose the ammoniacal salts of tobacco. Citric acid may be used in lieu of tartaric acid: the saliva must be ejected. N. B. These pastils are equally efficacious for the tonsils and other glands of the mouth, embarrassment in the respiratory organs, ulcerations, white swellings in the mouth, &c. CHAPTER XVI. Dressings :—Lint, large and small bands, compresses, sere- cloth, hogs bladder, fenestre linen. In dressings you must employ old linen well bleached; cotton can- not imbibe as well as linen, 230. Compresses.—Compresses are made of a linen band folded in two or four and applied on the seat of suffering, after haying soaked them in the liquid indicated by the treatment. 231. Small bands are dried compresses, folded square or lengthwise - , 29 they are employed to cover the lint and form a protecting coating to the wound against friction and atmospheric variations. Large bands are made of linen ribbons of indefinite length which are employed to maintain the dressing. 232. Fenestre linen.—Take a squarepiece of linen, large enough. to cover the wound; make small holes in it with scissors ia order to give egress to pus. Soak this fenester linen in camphorated oil (153) and apply it on the wound. 233. Lint.—Select old pieces of linen well bleached, cut them in small bands and draw out the threads. When you have a sufficient quantity for use, form pledgets. To make pledgets, take lint in your left hand and keep it tight between your fore finger and thumb. With the fore finger and thumb of your other hand draw suddenly the lint. In this manner the threads are ranged parrallel. Place the lint thus drawn side by side until you have formed pledgets. ' Whenever you have a sufficient quantity, place them in the palm of your hand and spread on it a large coating of cam- phorated ointment, (158) which you will apply on the wound. When the wound is large apply two pledgets one on another. But before applying the pledget, you must spread on the surface of the fenestre linen, a thick coating of camphor powder (126). Cover the pledgets with small bands and surround the whole with large bands sufficient to keep the dressing in its proper place. Soak the bands in camphorated alcohol (139). A dressing of this description will shel- ter the wound from any decomposition of a dangerous nature. Very little pus is produced and healing often takes place in twenty-four hours. 234. Agglutinative linen, serecloth, diachylon.—It is often necessary to bring the separated flesh together and maintain a dressing in its proper place, otherwise than with simple linen bands. You must in such circumstances place a combination on calico linens which has the property of adhering to the skin. We employ for this purpose bands of linen of from 4 to 6 inches in width; spread with a brush on one side the composition when hot; when cool pass a wet roller, on the surface to give it a polish. 235. Composition for highly agglutinative linen. Take:—Olive oil...... 200 grammes. Hogs lard......200 " Water. . . . . . 400 « Camphor powder (126). . SO " • Place on the fire and when the lard is dissol- ved throw in litharge in. powder, . . . 200 " When this composition has regained its limpidity, add: Yellow wax.......30 « Turpentine. ....... 30 «■ Withdraw from fire when a drop congeals on the linen. 30 236. Composition for simple adhesive linens:— Take :— Yellow wax.....30 grammes. Turpentine. .... 30 Olive oil......100 u Place this composition in a boiling water bath and throw in Camphor powder (126). . . 30 Spread on the linen and pass a wet roller over it to polish. 237. With the first, bands of half an inch in width are made to draw together the flesh; the length is according to the number of turns required to secure the dressing of the wound. The second kind is merely destined to make bands to cover dressings, preserve the wound from the contact of air and prevent the escape of ointment through the linens. 238. Hogs bladder.—I use these bladders as a cap to keep dressings of ointment on the head or as gloves to maintain the ex- tremities uninterruptedly in a bath of camphorated oil or ointment. In the latter case the opening of the bladder must be wide enough to admit the hand or foot diseased ; a certain quantity of camphorated alcohol or oil is thrown in ; the sides are soaked with water. They are ap- plied on the ancle bone or wrist by means of a band which is loosened as soon as the dressing is ended. CHAPTER XVII. Anti scorbutic syrup. 239. Recipe :—Scurvygrass, . ; . . 250 grammes. Duckbean leafs, j . A' . 250 " Cress, . . . . 250 " Horseradish , 250 " Bitter oranges, . . . 250 " Cinnamon, . • . 8 " Let it remain five or six days in white wine, 1 litre. Pass it through linen and add : Sugar, . . J . . . 1 kilogramme: N. B. Use.—One spoonfull is" administered every morning to children of bad constitutions, to women affected with chlorosis, and persons subject to vermin. This syrup must be kept in the cellar. 240. N. B. In the season where cress, scurveygrass and duck bean leafs are not to be found, anti-scorbutic syrup may be made as follows: Buds of fir tree, ... Dried peals of orange or lemon, Yellow powder of hops, Hydrochlorate of ammoniac,- .. Cinnamon, . White wine, Sugar, . . 30 grammes. 30 30 « 4 « 8 " 1 litre. 1 kilogramme. 31 CHAPTER XVIH. Endive syrup. 241. Simplified recipe: Rhubarb root, . . . . . 20 grammes. Dried wild endive, leafs and roots together, 55 " Iceland moss,.....500 " Water,......250 " 242. Preparation.—Boil the endive and Iceland moss in 500 gram- mes of water until reduced to one half. When you withdraw from the fire throw in the liquid rhubarb roots cut in small pieces; let it infuse until the next morning. Pass it through a thick linen and them add the 500 grammes of sugar dissolved ma little warm water. The syrup may be used whenever sugar is incorporated with the other ingredients. Use.—Endive syrup is administered to children at the breast and in infancy and to those who refuse taking aloes [101]. A coffee spoonfull is to be given in the morning, at noon and at night. This syrup is purgative and vermifuge. CHAPTER XIX. Camphorated syrup of gum. 243. It is difficult to administer solid camphor to children. There are also persons whose stomachs are so deprived of mucous by vio- lent treatments or accidents of a corrosive nature that the touch of a powder suffices to create pain and induce a vomiting. Camphorated syrup of gum is employed now and then in the two above cases. Recipe : Water ......250 grammes. Arab gum......250 Sugar, .....500 « Camphorated alcohol at 40 ° wheighing 28° B[129],.....50 244. Preparation.—Dissolve on the fire the sugar m 500 gram- mes of water; throw in the 50 grammes of camphorated alcohol and keep in motion until the two substances are incorporated. Dissolve the gum either in cold water, which requires a longer time, or in a boiling water bath; keep in motion and always maintain a double quantity of water; filter and let it settle so as to deposit the impure bodies; replace on the fire in a boiling, water bath until it is reduced to one third. When this is done mix together the camphorated sugar and gum and agitate often, more especially before you use it. N. B. This syrup is seldom limpid, but no attention is to be paid to this fact. It contains 1-60th part of camphor; about 25 centigram- mes of camphor to every 60 spoonfuls of syrup. 32 CHAPTER IV. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 245. Recipe. Alcoholic extract of Ipecacuanha, . - 15 grammes. White sugar,.....„ 500 " Pure water, . , . . . .500 « 246. Preparation.—Alcoholic extract of ipecacuanha is obtained by leaving exposed to the Sun's rays 125 grammes of ipecacuanha roots in 600 grammes of alcohol at 21 ° earlier and' filtering and distilling the alcohol. Dissolve the extract obtained in 125 grammes of water and filter; dissolve in another vtfee the 600 grammes of sugar in 500 grammes of water, boil this syrup and when boiling throw in the solution of ipecacuanha and keep boiling until the whole takes the substance of syrup. A spoonful is given to children whenever it becomes necessary to cause a vomiting. We only administer it in cases of advanced croup. N. B. The above two syrups requiring a long time to prepare, it would be better to have them made by a conscientious druggist. There are druggists who give syrup of sugar for syrup of gum. Sugar syrup is always very limpid ; our gum syrup always retains a milky appearance. CHAPTER XXI. Camphorated vinegar and salt water. 247. Recipe: Camphor powder,[l26] .... 30 grammes. Rectified vinegar, .... 1 litre. 248. Preparation.—Place in a decanter the camphor powder and keep in motion until the camphor is dissolved in vinegar, either spontaneously or with the aid of heat. 249. This vinegar is employed: 1st. to purify the air of apart- ments, by throwing a few drops on the floor or on a red hot shovel. 2nd. To breathe in cases of swooning. 3rd. In gargles against scorbutic affections by throwing five or six drops in a glass of water. 4th. In lotions, mixed with a large quantity of water, against threatning purulent infection, decomposition of the blood, carbun- cle, plague or contagious diseases and against the fearful bites of corpse worms. General rule—When the blood is congealed by the absorbtion of an acid employ lotions of anodyne water (169); when it becomes liquid by the absorbtion of substances having for their base ammoniac employ lotions of camphorated vinegar : in the first case against fever; in the second against the progressive weakness of the pulse 5 °. Salt water gargles are employed for sore throat, catarrhs! strangulation of neck glands, asthma, &c. 33 Water,......500 grammes Kitchen salt, . . . . . 30 " Shake well and let the impurities of salt deposit. Empty in another vase and keep to use as gargles. Gargles are employed as often as the case requires. CHAPTER XXH. Treating of what should be suppressed in medicine. 250. We have now enumerated the substances and medicinal compositions which are necessary to a treatment which has ever been successful. It now remains to explain the reasons we have for supressing the old method of treatment. 251. We suppress local or general bleeding, either by leeches, cupping or bleeding. We never engraft, without danger, a disease on another, nor wound a being who is already wounded. Disease is complicated by attempting to make a diversion. An apparent relief is obtained when in reality it serves to exhaust; healthy ves- sels are emptied without removing the obstruction of diseased ves- sels. It would be absurd to believed that bleedings purify the blood and extract the venom. If the blood is vitiated, it will be as much sb in that portion which remains as in that which is extracted. But why have recourse to such violent and sanguinary measures ? Do you wish to calm fever ? you cannot obtain this result by bleeding. Anodyne water (169) applied in compressess or lotions will expel it in five minutes in common cases, and in a quarter of an hour in most extraordinary cases : the pulse falls from 186 to 60. Hence, fever being computed only by the pulsation, what more do you require ? Interrogate the patient and he will answer that he is relieved. Cease them the use of the lancet, it has caused enough of evils since the days of Hippocrates. 252. Leeches poison the wounds; cupping disorganises the tis- sues : two means more baneful then the use of lancet. 253. I suppress blistering and cauterizing on the same principle which prompts me to close a sore as soon as it makes its appearance. Nature has not brought one a disease to be cured by another: scientific medicine has lent it such an absurdity. Make an opening to pus when you discover it accumulating in an organ; but all diseases do not run outside as pus, by the openings you make on the body of the patient. Do not wait until disease makes its way through the openings you have made. Blisters offer another danger : they may produce an endemical poisoning, when the blister breaks and particles of cantharrides remain immediately applied on the denuded skin ; hence the atrocious diffi- culty of passing the urine, oedema or eresipelas, without mentioning those violent fevers which are produced by the application of those blisters covering the back or breast. I have seen, in hospitals, appli- cations of blisters which made me shudder with honor, and to this abo- minable spectacle am I indebted for my not becoming a physician, i 34 did not feel myself possessed of a sufficient dose of courage to follow this mode of treatment although at that time I had not yet discovered any other or less revolting means. Then it was too soon, now it is too late. What I have discovered is so simple that every body can do without me. How could I call myself a doctor, when every body will become one, without much pains, as scientific as myself., ? 254. I suppress sinapisms because I suppress fever; I suppress the use of moxa because I dread the effects of burning. I seek to relieve and not to add pain to sufferings. 255. I suppress the use of multifarious drugs, because a few remedies will suffice to all our evils. Physicians have recourse to a multiplicity of remedies only when their resources are at an end; they experiment at the expense of the remaining health of the patients' economy. It serves the physician as a peg of consolation and a means of withdrawing his thoughts from threatened danger. To the patient it produces a new illusion which is bought by tears and s uffering. 25tJ. I suppress emetics, dreading congestion of the brain, exco- riation of the stomach and esophagus and tearing of the pulmonary organs. Purgatives disencumber the stomach much easier and with less baneful effects. 257. Above all I suppress diet, because the diseased body requires, as well as the healthy body, nourishment according to its strengh and appetite, and famishing complicates horribly every kind of disease. With my treatment every patient will eat whenever lie has an appetite, and if digestion produces an instant of fever, anodyne water will rapidly overcome it (169). I have never encountered the least accident by the use of this anti-scientific, but rational, method. Henceforth, patients will not die for want of nourishment or loss of blood. 258. I suppress poisonous salts, (52) the employment of sulfate of quinine, this so long medical humbug which cannot relieve from fever more than the use of peruvian bark, and which often cures fever by producing gastritis and inflammation of the bowels.—Why have re- course to such doubtful and dangerous means, when, with a little cam- phor taken interiorly and anodyne water applied exteriorly, fever of whatever description is 60 promptly cured ? 259. Finally, I suppress without mercy all violent means, because the art of healing diseases and relieving them must necessarily tend to cure promptly and medicine must never have the character of a vengeance, torture or punishment. Consequently, with my inof- fensive means, relief is first obtained and disease is afterwards cured, if it has not arrived to an incurable period; but even then, the patient is relieved, which, at least, is a compensation to the mournful sorrow of not being able to rescue him from the grasp of death. 260. I suppress the application of ice, more especially on the head, because this agent only calms the inflammation by disorganising the liquids and tissues. Brain fever is only checked by this agent at the 35 expense of the annihilation of reason and stupidity of the intellect, when death does not ensue. What can we think of a physician which condemns his patients to diet and nourishes him afterwards with iced beverage ? If a quack was to use such a treatment, he would be dragged before the tribunals as guilty of manslaughter ! Fnally, what is attempted to be obtained by the mortal effects of ice, the action of anodyne water produces in a few minutes, in a sure and inoffensive way. PART THIRD. FAMILY MEDICINE, OR DETAILED APPLI- CATION OF THE PRINCIPLES GIVEN IN THE TWO PRECEDING PARTS TO THE TREATMENT OF THE MOST COMMON DISEASES. 261. We have briefly explained the causes which produce'those acci- dents which disturb our functions and take the name of diseases.— We have given the recipe and method necessary to prepare your own medicines. It now remains to teach you to be your own physician by giving you as many specimens of treatment as we count ordinary diseases. We shall confine ourselves, as much as possible, to the use of common words, in order that the most ignorant, may find whatever is proper to their health. Physicians will pardon us the use of com- mon language; the public would not pardon us with as much grace were we to employ scientific synonymes above his understanding. We shall class diseases in alphabetical order (1) to render this small diary as easy for patients to consult as a dictionary; and in each cases we shall explain: 1 ° . the causes which may have pro- duced disease; 2 °. the effects and symptoms produced; 3 ° . the treatment we have successfully employed; 4 ° . the most extrordin- ary cases of cure we have obtained by this treatment. SECTION I. Hyegenic Summary or preventive medicine reduced to its greatest simplicity. 262. 1°. Preserve yourself from damp, cold feets, currents of air and sudden atmospheric transitions. 2 ° . Dwell only in high rooms, exposed to the sun, where the air is constantly renovated, but free from currents lower than the height of man. ° (1) In translating, the author's alphabetical order will in many inatnncpe be deranged, but we shall publish an alphabetical table at the end. DMU,V"1 37 "3 ° . Change your linen morning and evening, and when you pers- pire abundantly; wash your body either with camphorated alcohol (139) or with cologne water when the weather is cold, and with anodyne water (169) when hot and you feel feverish. Besides this lotion, have yourself rubbed with camphorated ointment (158). Those who have no assistance at hand may use a greased towel or handkerchief to rub themselves on the back. 4°. Every evening spread camphor powder (126) between the mattrasses of your bed and those of your children; you will thus protect yourself against the invasion of nocturnal insects, which by their bites, render sleep worse than wakeful ness, and drive away the luxurious ramblings of imagination. 5 ° . Only eat at regular hours. 6°. After each meal, rest half an hour; occupy yourself after- ward at manual labor or corporal exercise; but as seldom as possi- ble with occupations of the brain. 7 ° . Resume mental labor when fasting and keep the camphorat- ed cigarette (131) in your mouth. In sedentary occupations make a constant use of the cigarette. 8 ° . Leave the table before your appetite is completely satisfied. 9 ° . Whenever you are obliged to abandon your regimen, either to give or accept a dinner, begin by a little wine in your water and arrive at pure wine only at desert. Your desert wines should bearo- matie exlixirs (48). 10 °. Your dishes should be highly and agreeably spiced, [41]; condiments, elixirs or desert wines are highly vermifuge. Insipid and sugared dishes, mucilaginous and green fruits open, by all the pores, our bowels to the invasion of numberless gnawing worms, and thus produce a number of diseases of a progressive nature. Condi- ments are useful to all constitutions and all ages. Medicine has ins- pired a terror for its use; brave this timidity and use them freely ; a good digestion, believe me, will soon relieve you of such terror. 11°. Do not sit too late at night. The sleep you take during the day, is not an equivalent for the loss of your night rest; sleeplessness and asphyxy are the only advantages you reap by sitting late at night. 12 ° . Three times a day, mash under your teeth a piece of cam- phor the size of a pea (about 25 centigrammes) (122), and swallow by means of a mouthful of endive water (241) or hops water (226), or tar water (209). Take the same dose in cases of sleeplessness. Generally 25 centigrammes of camphor will give you two hours of sound sleep. 13 ° . This regimen by exciting appetite, would end by creating costiveness; against this take every four or^five days 25 centigram- mes of aloes (5 pieces) (100), either between two pieces of soup bread or with a mouthful of water, and dine as usual. Before going to bed and the next morning take a large bowl of hot herb broth (104). Between 5 and 9 o'clock in the morning the aloes will act, and you will then be free for the balance of the day. To certain persons this D 38 dose is too small; it may be augmented to 30 or 50 centigrammes until you arrive at the quantity which suits your constitution. The dose for children is from 10 to 15 centigrammes (2 or 3 pieces) (101)- VVhen they refuse this medicine, give them in the morning a spoonful of endive svrup (241). 14° . Sucking children will be bene6tted by the hyegenic regimen of the nurse as well as if they took the medicine themselves, camphor passing immediately in the milk. When they are suffering rub the belly with camphorated ointment, and administer small injections with camphorated ointment (217) the size of a nut. 15 °. Do not overburden nature in any thing, either by fatigue of body, mind or lawful pleasures. Be sober and temperate ; know how to cease when excess begins. To enjoy pleasure at the expense of health is to lose the right of complaining when sick. To take a pleasure whose baneful effects may be the inheritance of children, is to commit an infanticide by anticipation. I have never respected a man who intends one day to become the father of a family, who laughs at such accidents. What must be the abberration of a mind that is honest and generous to every one but to its own progeniture! 16 °. Be disinterested, honest and loyal, in love, friendship and business. Dissimulation and cupidity are the gnawing worms of our noblest organ. I know of no deeds wicked in themselves; they can only become so by an imposition on nature or against neighbors. The im- postor and knave suffer more than they can cause suffering. Truth is the only way of living in peace and health. SECTION II. Particular application of the principles of our system of treat- ment TO THE SEVERAL DISEASES. 263. We shall give in this second section of our third part, a con- densed, but sufficient expose of the positive results of our long expe- rience. The success of the treatment we prescribe has never failed in curable cases. We may be trusted on our word, when we ad- vance such a fact ; we have no interest or other motives which would prompt us to exaggerate facts or to deceive the faith of those who suffer. Besides, amongst the numerous cases of cures, I will only cite the most striking and remarkable: every one may ascer- tain the facts before he undertakes a treatment suited to his disease. I am now sorry I have not taken down the names of the numerous patients who visited my gratuitous consultations before the event which compelled me to suspend them. At that period I could relieve patients otherwise than by advices and writings. I found in my visitors a confidence and respect against which the trammels of "a few obscure individuals were baffled at every moment. They listen- ed to my : advice and were promptly cured. As each new case was a repetition of the preceding, what could I have noted without becoming monotonous. I therefore merely classed them under a general rule. But a general rule, is only a synopsis of demons- 39 tration and to adopt it as I have done, every one must pass through the same demonstration which led me to its adoption. We believe much when we see and hear ; we believe less when we read. May the simplicity of my style convey my own belief in the bo- som of those I would prevent from becoming dupes and sufferers.! I must notify breeders and farmers that my treatment is as effec- tual in veterinary as in medicine, with this simple difference that turpentine is used in lieu of camphor and aloes. (155.) Anodyne water is employed for animals as well as on hu- man beings in cases of fever, sudden rushing of the blood, suffoca- tion, &c. Abscess. 264. Causes.—Abscess is a sub-cutaneous or sub-muscular gather- ing of pus, brought on by the disorganisation of the tissues. The introduction of a splinter, a bone, needle or any other strange body, the poisonous effects of an insect, produce by cutting, mashing or tearing the flesh, decomposition of the solid remnants and sanguine and lymphatic liquids in a yellow milky produce, whose acidity drives fever in the torrent of circulation, and is capable of invading pro- gressively the sound tissues until it finds an outward passage. Effects.—The limb stiffens, the skin which covers the focus be- comes distended and swollen and asumes a yellowish hue when the pus takes its direction towards this point. Fever seizes the patient, he becomes emaciated, looses his appetite and sleep. Treatment.—In such cases, and when the collection of pus is abundant, no medicine could be as effectual as the bistoury, in making an artificial opening for the pus and empying the contents of the sack. The opening is to be made on the lower part of the sack in order to facilitate the escape of the liquid. The sack is to be pressed until no more pus runs out. But as this operation only removes the pro- duce and cannot attain the cause, which in many circumstances, is animated, the sack must be often injected with milk warm tar water first, and afterwards with camphorated oil [153] ; after these injec- tions, press again the sack until cleaned out. This being done draw the flesh together and cover the wound with fenestre linen [232] soaked in'camphorated oil [153]; sprinkle this linen with a coating of camphor powder [126]; apply on the powder lint pledgets (233) covered with a coating of camphorated ointment [158]: cover this with small bleached linenbands[231]and secure the whole dressing by large bands surrounding the limb, well sprinkled with comphorated alcohol [139], taking care, however, that alcohol does not penetrate to the quick flesh. Should fever arise, apply anodyne water [169] in com- presses around the neck, wrists and head. This will soon cure it. • With this dressing, the patient may eat his three or four meals a day without any accident. We guarantee our treatment and will give a few examples under the head of cancer and white tumors on the knee. 40 Child birth see Parturition. 265. Mental alienation, folly, fury, mania, idiotism, kC. Cai si:s—A mal conformation of the brain, whether by birth, acci- dent or wound ; the more or less deep disorganisation or compression of any part of the brain pulp, either by the introduction of strange bodies or the development of the eggs of worms, the erosion of a larva or caterpillar; the formation of a brain congestion caused by physical or moral accidents ; finally a violent suffering which causes the blood to rush to the brain, &c. Effects.—There effects are denominated idiotism, simple mania, folly or fury of various characters and denominations. They are transient, curable or incurable, liable to relief or simple attendance, according to the more or less violence of the producing cause and the extent of the invasion. Treatment.—Abundant applications of anodyne water [169] on the head, around the wrists and neck will dissipate folly produced by congestion of the brain or flow of blood to the brain ; such cases of folly are cured as if by enchantment. The violent periods of incu- rable folly are appeased by the same means; the frequent use of anodyne water baths [197} is also very useful. Incurable folly must be attended with meekness and affectionate care. No violent means of enforcing submission should be em- ployed to bring back those poor guilty lunatics to reason. Shame on the keeper of a mad house who would have recourse to torture I The furious patient, however physically strong, is conscious of his intellectual inferiority. He trembles as soon as he cannot make others tremble and becomes docile and grateful whenever the man who inspires him with terror addresses a few words ef kindness and meekly reproves himf Those who are furious must be placed out of reach of doing evil. A madman, however disposed to evil, will always possess a glimmer of reason which may be improved to bring him back to quiet; he will then forget the evil, which in his illusion, he was about committing. Do not offend them, but try to win tlieir good graces. I dread a madman whom I do not know or have never seen. I have never feared those whom I had known in their senses, even in their worst moments. I was always sure of terrifying them and often calming and bringing them back to a glimmer of reason. 226. Angina, sore throat, quinsy- Causes. The introduction in the interior of the throat of 1st ammoniacal acid or other caustic vapours; 2nd dust of an irritating or prickling nature; worms, larvas or vermicular ascarides, whose bites and pricklings produce a swelling of the tissues and often cedema of the glottis. Effects—Contraction of the interior throat, difficulty of breathing and swallowing solid food. Tleatment.—Against the effect of acid vapours, use gargles of water lightly alkalized with a few drops of anodyne water (169A 41 against alcaline and ammoniacal vapours, use gargles lightly tinctured with camphorated vinegar (246); against the effect of irritating dust, nothing will relieve so promptly as frequent gargles of common salt water (248 5°). The use of camphor cigarrettes is sufficient to dislodge from this point intestinal worms, the cause of a variety of such diseases. To cigarrettes is added salt water gargles and the application of a compress soaked either in anodyne water [169] or camphorated alcohol (139) placed round the neck. The usual medicines prescribed under the head of intestinal worms, are to be taken internally. Suckling see child bed. Amputations see wounds. Tonsils see glands. Aneurism see heart. 267. White swellings of grown persons, sore mouth of young children. Causes.—Eruption of small purulent pimples on the sides of the mouth, brought on by the contact of a virus or pricklings of micros- copic intestinal worms. Effects.—These small pimples, by their augmentation, finish by inconveniencing the movements of the tongue, of deglutition or troub- bling the functions of salivation and by creating a foetid and repulsive breath. Treatment.—Adopt the complete hyegenic regimen [262] use frequent gargles of salt water [248 5 ° ] and camphorated alcohol [1433 ° ] well mixed with water, alternately. When the cause is produ- ced by a virus of a suspicious nature, an additional treatment must be resorted to which we will describe under the hea'd of venereal dis- eases [321]. The camphorated and aromatic regimen [262] to which the nurse of a child affected with white swellings is submitted, generally cures the child. When young children will not take camphor [122] and gargarise their mouth, place the camphorated cigarette [131] in their mouth, and from time to time press their lips together in order that the air they breathe passes through the cigarette. 268. Apoplexy. Causes.—The blood, either violently attracted or repelled by whatever cause, in the vessels which surround the brain, becomes congealed and circulation is arrested; the substance of the brain, se verely compressed by these congestions exercises no longer those functions which are the principle of life; the teguments of the blood vessels, are often rent asunder by their, efforts and life ebbs away, because the organ which sustained it suddenly becomes para- lised or disorganised. v Effects.—The patient is suddently struck down without move- ment or sense: dreadful appoplexy is when pulsation ceases and the body becomes completely insensible. Treatment.—Protect the eyes with a thick band tied around the D 42 head just above the eyes, and keep the head well sprinkled with anodyne water [169] the head being lightly bent backwards. In the mean time surround the neck and wrists with thick compresses soaked in anodyne water [169]; wash the breast and between the two »>h'>ulders with the same water; employ vigorous frictions with your hand greased with camphorated ointment [158]. As soon as he gives signs of recovery and able to stand up, plunge him with care in the anodyne and alcalino ferruginous bath [107]and continue the frictions when he comes out. If there is no rupture of vessels nor brain hemorrhage, the patient will recover his senses as if by magic in less than a quarter of an hour. The patient must be purged afterwards with a dose of aloes [99], and herb broth [104.] Case cured.—The unfortunate Mrs. Poirier, living at No. 10, rue des Prouvaires, whom I shall mention under the head of cancer, called on me about the latter end of march 1843, and requested my advice on the treatment she had applied to one of her neighbors who had been struck down with apoplexy half an hour before. She had immediately applied compresses, soaked in anodyne water, around the neck ; sprinkled the head copiously and washed the whole body with anodyne water. Having requested the family to continue this treatment, she hastened to Mont-Souris to inquire what remained to be done. I advised her to plunge the patient, when able, in the anodyne and alcalino ferruginous bath [107]; purge him with aloes and to administer a purgative injection. When she returned to the patient, who had been continually sprinkled with anodyne water, she found him weH recovered and discoursing of his accident as of a mere ordinary casualty; a quarter of an hour of this treat- ment had sufficed'to bring back his reason and motion. I have cited in my large work, cases of hemiplegy cured in a few minutes by^this same treatment. My experiments on animals attacked suddenly by a coup de sang have fully tested the power of this treatment and 1 have often as- thonished my visitors by rendering them Witnesses of quasi-resurrec- tions of animals, who would most certainly have remained dead, but for the application of my treatment. 1 °. A hen found dead of a coup de sang was taken up twenty minutes after the accident. Covered with anodyne water, what was the surprise, when a few minutes afterwards she was found eating with a good appetite. 2 °. A small linnet is suddenly struck down by apoplexy, after having been tossed to and fro by a cat; life appeared to be extinguished, I sprinkled him with anodyne water and in two minutes he opened his eyes, shook his wings, rose on his legs and went to feed. He was still living two months Afterwards. 3 °. I have often applied this medicine to small Chinese fishes found floating in their basin. Scarcely had a few drops of anodvne water been emptied in the basin than they recovered their usual quickness of movement. N. B. We would recommend to place a bottle of anodyne water 43 in the boxes of medicines employed to relieve cases of asphyxy, and to commence the treatment by copiously washing the body1 with this water. If this agent fails, none other could be more efficacious 5 there must then exist a brain hemorrhage or the apoplexy must be of too ancient a date. The theory we have given of the action of anodyne water [179] sustains the above recommendation. 269. Asthma. Causes.—Accumulation of mucous and parasite tissues on the bronchials and base of wind-pipe, caused by the ticklings of intestinal worms or by the inspiration of irritating dust, the- effects of which may survive the cause. f Effects.—Laborious and difficult breathing from the incomplete closing of the bronchials, heavy coughing which terminates by expec- torations of a compact, greyish, clotted, insipid and. nauseous matter. Swelling of the face and very often other parts of the body; frequent strangulation. Cold augments the symptoms, because cold paralyses' the functions of mucous and renders its secretion more compact and more difficult to detach. Treatment.—Constant use of the camphorated cigarrette (131). In the mean time apply compresses (230) soaked in camphorated alcohol (139) on the chest and around the neck. Frequent frictions of a quarter of an hour with camphorated ointment (158) immediately after washing with anodyne water (169), more especially at the period of an access of coughing. Take 25 centigrammes of camphor, three times a day [122.] Every four days aloes [99]. Aloes injections [220] from time to time. Frequent salt water gargles [223]. Solid and aromatic food [410]. If the inhalations of the cigarrette do not produce relief soon enough, fold a small piece of linen in eight fold; soak it with a drop of campho- rated alcohol; place it between your lips and draw your breath with force; A small linen wad soaked in camphorated! alcohol and placed in a quill tube will have the same effect ; it would then be a cigarette of camphorated alcohol which would be used as the camphor cigarette (131). . ... Cases cured.—Cures have been so numerous since the adoption of this treatment that I often neglect recording them, unless jn par- ticular cases. I will merely cite the two following: 1 °. Mrs. Simon, aged about sixty years was suffering under asthma, every winter, so severely that her life was in danger. Since she has adopted this treatment, she has passed the cold sea- sons without the least accident and seems to have recoved the health of her younger days. The winter of 1844 and the absence of attendance produced a suffering more intense than usual, but it was only tran- sient. 44 2°. The keeper of damn rt [a dissecting room for young medi- cinal students], a shortman, strong limbs, and rather plethoric was often attached with strangulating asthma, more especially during the night. Three days of our treatment were sufficient to cure him and he now enjovs the most luxurious slumbers. N. B. "Asthma is a predisposition Which does not always disappear for ever. We consequently recommend the use of our treatment, even after it has brought relief: it will then be employed as a pre- servative instead of a curative trectment. Relief is experienced on the very first, night. 270. Asphyxy by strangulation or by immersion.— relief to persons hung or drowned. Relief to persons hung.—Hasten to cut the rope with the usual precautions in such cases. Surround the neck with a cravat soaked in anodyne water (169); sprinkle the head carefully with the same water, and wash the whole body; make light frictions with camphorated ointment [158] on the belly, chest and back and continue until signs of recovery are perceptible. Place a flask of anodyne water under the nose and press the chest in order to facili- tate the inspiration and expiration. Do not cease this manceuvre until you despair of bringing back life in the body. Relief to drowned bodies.—As soon as the body is out of water remove it to a warm place; stretch and keep the body alternately on one side and then on the other with the head downward. Wash the body from head to foot, with camphorated alcohol [139]; rub energetically with camphorated ointment [158] and press lightly the to chest re-establish the motion of inspiration and expiration. Sprinkle the head with anodyne water [169] place around the neck a cravat soaked in camphorated alcohol [139], use the same under the nose. This treatment is to be followed until you despair of bringing back life. Maintain the heat of the room to the same degree and renew the air often. Asphyxy by coals and other causes altering the breathing air, see poisoning. 271. Wounds, dressings of sores, amputations, cuts. Treatment.—The horror we have of shedding human blood must not lead us to disdain the means of staunching it. When- ever you meet a wounded, person who profusely loses his blood your first care, even before the arrival of a physician, should be to bind up the arteries from which blood flows. To effect this, pinch the artery and twist it round ; bind it tightly with a thread waxed or greased with camphorated ointment. Clean the wound with pure water ; extract carefully all strange bodies ; and if there is no bone fracture, draw the flesh together, provided the cut will permit it. This being done, and if the surgeon does not arrive, keep the flesh together by means of small bands of aglutinative linen (235) placed around the limb in such a manner that the flesh will be prevented 45 from gaping; spread on the lips of the wound j a thick coating of camphor powder [126], and on top a coating of lint pledgees well covered with camphorated ointment (158); the whole to be covered with large linen bands [231]. Above and below the wound, sprinkle the bands with camphorated alcohol [139]. At the smallest sympton of feier, surround the neck and wrists of the patient with anodyne wafP compresses [169]. The patient may eat with impunity as soon as h% feels hungry. The first dressing is not to be removed before four days, for fear of sundering the adhesion of flesh. This dressing is to be renewed every twenty four hours afterwards ; the wound must be carefully washed at each dressing with a sponge soaked in milk warm water lightly camphorated. When the lips of the wound cannot be brought together and it requires a flat dressing, it must be renewed on the day following. When you have well washed the wound with milk warm water, cover it with a fenestre linen [232] soaked in camphorated oil- Spread over this linen a coating of camphor powder; coyer the coating with lint pledgets [233] covered with camphorated ointment [158]; secure the whole by bandages [231], the remaining treatment as recited above. With this dressing you avoid traumatic fever, gangrene, tetanus and the formation of baneful pus. Every physician and surgeon who has witnessed our dressing has rendered full testimony to its efficacy. Scarcely does there exist a light purulency and the next day cicatrisation is visible. , We will cite examples of remarkable results obtained, and which have never failed, under the heads of cancer, white swelling and ence- phaloides, ulcerations, &c. If at this period, the system of dressing patients amputated in the civil and military hospitals, with poultices, dried lint, diet, bleeding, ice, &c. was persisted in, we would be campelled to accuse the scholastic medicineSwith inhumanity,and show, proof in hand, the frightful mortality produced by dressing according to the old method, for surgeons have been duly notified that by our method no serious consequences can take place. The patient operated on will sleep and eat as if in his usual state of health, and will even walk about the next day if his lower limbs have not been amputated. How many lives would have been saved in Algeria if the faculty Dad enjoined surgeons to follow our system of dressing in the hospitals / It would be unworthy the good faith and impartiality of hospital surgeons were they more scrupulous on this point than their brethren of the provinces who have adopted our system with such eagerness. Our excellent friend, Mr. Bravard, surgeon at Jumeau, [fny-ae- Dome] has written to us that ever since he follows our complete treatment, he has not failed in one single case. We might cite other names, had we been authorised to do so. I will repeat and write it down again because 1 tear not tne exposure of a single case of failing: , , "That with the above mode of dressing, no accidents caused by chirurgical operations of the greatest magnitude, are to be dreauea, 40 no traumativc fever, tetanus, gangrene, erysipela or noxious pus can take place ; and that cicatrisation begins in 24 hours. A surgeon would be conscienciously guilty of manslaugter if the patient amputated dies, for the want of such a dressirig. 272. Cyanose (disease of children.) Causes.—When this affection of new born children is not cMsed by the permanency of the Botal opening, and the mixing in the heart of two arterial and veinous blood, it is produced by small worms which multiply themselves by small black points under the skin and colors it to a deep blue. Effects.—In both cases the child is threatened with asphyxy ; his little jaws become locked up and convulsions, more or less violent ensue, which frequently terminate by death. Treatment.—Whether the disease has its cause in the heart or skin you must immediately surround the neck of the child with a cra- vat soaked in camphorated alcohol (139); apply a compress on the heart, and wash the body with the same; rub lightly the back and chest with camphorated ointment (158). The moment you can open the jaws, introduce some mother's milk drawn by means of a pipe. Should fever and convulsions supervene, wash with anodyne water (169), taking care that the child does not inhale too much of this fluid. 273. Bulimia, canine appetite, &c. Causes.—When this canine appetite is not the effect of a congenial constitution or exceptional organisation, it is produced by the presence of a large intestinal worm and more especially by the tape worm. Treatment.—We may cure the second mentioned cause, but we can only satisfy the greediness of the first. We shall refer our readers for the treatment of the second cause to the head intestinal worms (343), and for the first to those principles of public economy which teach us to satisfy our hunger. The stomach and its necessities cannot fall under a general rule. Percy in his memoirs cites a certain Tartar whose voracious appetite lead him often to disinter dead bodies and feeld on them. Pimples, see Boils. 274. Burns. Causes.—Acid, Alkali and caustic burn as well as fire, for burn- ing is only a disorganisation of the tissues. Treatment.—Against burns by acid and caustic, you must imme- diately wash the wound with a large quantity of water acidulated with vinegar against the alkalis, and impregnated with ashes against acids. The wound is to be dressed afterwards in the same manner as a burn by hre. Burns by fire are not washed, but as soon as possible spread a coating of camphor powder (126) on it, and cover the powder with lint pledgets (233) well covered with camphorated ointment (158) ; cover the whole with small bands of linen, (231) on top of which you place sheets of paper to prevent the ointment, from passing too rapidly 47 through the linen and secure the whole with large linen bands. This dressing is renewed morning and evening, always bearing in mind to prevent the air from reaching the wound during dressing. When the face has been burnt, make a paper mask and trim your linen in such a way that your lips, noge and eyes be free; when the dressing is completed place the mask on your face and tie around your head. Wash the surrounding sound flesh of a burn, from time to time, with anodyne water (169). Cases cured.—Mrs. Moitrier, keeping a store on Orleans route, No. 54 bis, brought me about eighteen months ago, her child aged two years, who had fallen head foremost in the fire a few days pre- vious. I had already cured the child of a prurigo which it had con- tracted when nursing and which left it neither sleep nor rest. When brought, his face was a complete scar, the eyelids of the left eye were so contracted and burned that 1 entertained fears for the eye- ball ; but having ascertained the eye had escaped the danger, I gua- rantied the child would not bear any severe traces of his accident. I dressed his burn every day in the nianner above recited. In twenty one days, the cure was radical; and during the treatment the child slept, eat and played as if in his usual state of health. Had he been treated according to the old system of poultices and emolients, the child's face would have remained all seared over and he would have been a prey to fever and subjetted to a diet which generally entails graver accidents. In my neighborhood, a few days ago, a child fell in the fire, but was soon withdrawn. His face was not as much disfigured as the pre- ceding, but the mother to whom we offered our services to dress his wound, prefered following the ancient method of dressing with poulti- ces, and the poor child has become a perfect monster. 275. Cancer. Causes.—A developing impulsion imprinted to the tissues of a gland, a lymphatic ganglion, a nerve or bone, produced either by a contusion, a prickling or erosion of an insect which slowly forms a parasital and tumefying organ which absorbs the products of general life. Effects.—The cancer assumes a variety of shapes according to the seat it occupies and gender of A<3 tissues from which it springs. We generally remark around the forms of its development a superfi- cial stopping of the circulation, which is delineated under the skin by zig-zag blue veins. The true caoo3' does not raise the skin but makes a common body with it, spreading i;e deteriorating influence over all the surounding tissues and then e? "ending itself nearer and nearer by bumps, swellings and chaplets or oengulated ganglions. Sometimes, instead of spreading on the surface it extends in height and forms pointed and round bumps which come to the size of a large peach or small melon. The interior substance of the cancer is formed of large brainy' nodules incased in scivrous tissues possessing more or less vessels. The cancer of the east, begins by a gland, and slowly 48 invades the arm pit, the shoulder and insinuates itself under the omo- Slate. I have seen a cancer ot both breasts, which to extirpate, would ave necessitated the removal of all the flesh around the bust. Such an operation becomes impracticable. Treatment.—When you perceive a strangulated tissue which becomes swollen hardened and bumpy, apply immediately the saline poultice, (167) containing a large quantity of kitchen salt and well sprinkled with anodyne water. If the tissue softens, continue, for it is a sure sign of early cure. If on the contrary, in spite of this treat- ment, the gland continues hardening, you must, as soon as possible, have the surgeon to probe it with his bistoury and introduce in the wound a sufficient quantity of Vienna caustic (mixed in equal quan- tities of lime and potash powder) to disorganise this tissue in the very root; in the meam time the patient must adopt the hyegenic and cam- phor regimen (262) and madder tisan (203) in which you dissolve a gramme of lode of potassium everyday. With this treatment you will smother in its infancy a scourge, which later, would require a graver operation. If a first cauterizing is not sufficient, you must renew the application of the bistoury and cautery until the cancerous buds have disappeared. Besides, this operation does not cause much suffering and the weakest person can support it withou fear of any accident. When by the errors of the ancient expectative method,which operates only on cancers of a large volume, it has been permitted to arrive at dismensions which require an operation on a large scale, the surgeon must endeavor to remove the most he can of those cancerous and yellow granulated tissues. This being done, apply the dressing we have mentioned under the head of wounds (271), whether flat or otherwise. The patient will eat the very sameeveningandhavea good night's rest. But if after#a certain period, the cuticle is not formed over the whole wound, you must not hesitate to apply the Vienna Caustic above designated on the treatening surface ana* dress as usual; this would be a sign of the reappearance of the cancer. No fears are entertained when healing is complete. Finally, attack the cancer at its birth, this is the surer and easiest way of ridding yourself. No surgeon will refuse his services when you claim them. Examples of the good effects of this treatment.__1 °. A fruit vendor near my house requested my advice for one of her friends whose hardened breast presented an ulceration at the nipple. She had followed several modes of treatment without success. I ordered the nipple to be covered with camphor powder and lint pledgets covered with camphorated ointment (233) kept in place by a small plaster of diachylon ; to place around the hardened breast satchels filled with common kitchen salt reduced in fine powder [168]; and adopt the camphorated regimen. With this treatment, she was immediately relieved and a cure progressed rapidly. 49 2°. I have witnessed the disappearance of hardened breasts by applying compresses or poultices of anodyne water. 3 ° The young wife of a turner, M. C......whom I had previously cured, in fifteen days, of marasmus and complete debility brought on by the forced diet to which she had been restricted after her confinement, visited me some two years ago and exhibited on her left breast three conical indurations which increased rapidly. If I remember right these conies measured about 6 lines in diameter. The bistoury being introduced in them with an application of Vienna Caustic as above described, and the comphorated dressing, were sufficient to arrest and dissipate even the trace of this anomalous development. 4 °. The following example, which through the patient's fault was not as complete as it should have been, nevertheless bears additional testimony to the efficacy of our dressing; and having been witnessed by highly respectable physicians, we hope practi- tioners in reading the diagnosis will attain enough confidence to apply it in cases of this nature which may fall under their care. Mrs. Poirier, wife of a painter, living at No. 10 Prouvaires street, having had nine children, three of whom were alive and strongly constituted, visited me about the beginning of the summer of 1843. She had on the exterior of the right breast a fungus of the size and form of a Lycoperdon bovista. The surface presented small tubercles with the semblance of lobes and bore a well defined vas- cular appearance. The patient attributed the cause of this deve- lopment to a knock she had received on the breast. The most remarkable fact, was that since the appearance of this fungus, menstruation had ceased and had been replaced by a sanguine eja- culation which flowed, at the very same period, from the interior of the tumor, and threw the patient in a very weak state. All the tissues on which the tumor was implanted were perfectly sound; only the adjacent mammary gland was three times the size of the other and a chaplet of gorged ganglions, one of which was as large as a pigeon egg, had made its appearance under the arm pit. The patient suffered more under the regimen prescribed than from the disease itself. Breathing was sound, digestion easy, but her pale figure presented traces of a recent falling off, for before the appearance of disease the patient was rather inclined to corpulency. Having examined the tumor, I declared I could find no other means than av surgical operation to rid her of this noxious organ. She refused. I then ordered the application of compresses of cam- phorated alcohol on the tumor, three times a day; immediately afterwards the surface was sprinkled over with camphor powder and after covering the fungus with lint impregnated with camphorated ointment, the whole was maintained by a plaster of diachylon which adhered to the sound flesh. Anodyne water was employed against fever; camphorated and aromatised nourishment; aloes every four days. Under this treatment her general health improved; the E 50 tumor ejected a quantity of water which completed saturated her clo- thing; she recovered appetite and rest,but the tumor remained stationary - The confidence which my care had inspired in this brave woman induced her to submit to an operation, but on condition the breast should not be touched: a sentiment of conjugal coquetry we dared not combat, as the breast, did not offer any symptoms of disorder.^ The operation was performed at Neuilly, in an operating establish- ment, on the 14th November 1843, by our friend Mr. Alexis Thierry, with that disinterestedness which distinguishes him from other practi- tioners, in presence of Mr. Godier, son in law and partner of Mr. Chailly; and two assistants of Mr. Thierry. During the whole operation, I had the precaution to press heavily on the shoulder and arm pit of the patient to prevent the introduction of air in the veins, for the wound extended very near the articulation of the tumero- scapulary. The patient swooned ; but recovered promptly by means of anodyne water, when the operation was ended. The first dressing was made by Mr. Thierry, flat, and with only two small stitches on the base and dried lint, according to the old system. I did not dare oppose this mode of dressing, but it troubled me in the subsequent dressings, for I was obliged to extract the lint piece by piece from the wound. But apart from this circumstance, I was free to treat the patient according to my own views,of rubbing the whole body with cam- phorated alcohol, calming her fever with anodyne water and admi- nistering camphor and aloes (99). The wound presented a surface of about 6 inches in its largest diameter. On the morning of the operation she had her monthly hemorrhage so abundant that it resembled a jet of blood forced through a quill tube. However the operation was not followed by any hemorrhage. On examining the tumor, no doubt remained of its cancerous nature; and it was expected the excrescence would re-appear later. The night of the 14th to 15th was good, without fever. The next day she eat as usual. On the night of the 18th, she was somewhat agitated, caused by a certain quantity of pus remaining in the un- lucky lint which adhered to the flesh. To loosen this lint and succeed with more facility in withdrawing it,I recommended the application of a poultice sprinkled with camphorated alcohol, two hours before my arrival, from this date her rest was good during nights. I renewed the dressing every evening, after washing, sponging with water alcoholized with camphor, and followed exactly the method I have described under the head of dressings of wounds (271). The patient rose every day and eat as usual. This fact appeared so marvellous to all the neighbors, thatM. Godier requested my leave to be present when I applied the dressing, in order to be satisfied with his own eyes, of the truth of what he had heard. She might have gone out on the fourth day, with impunity, and if she did not do so, it was not the fault of her will. On the eighth day, she escaped to the garden and walked a long while without any bane- ful effects. From the 14th November, rain and snow had incessantly 1 51 fallen in this quarter and many surgical operations in the hospitals had been followed by erysipelas. Our patient had no fears of such results thanks to our treatment: the wound presented a rosy color and diminished daily; cicatrisation followed a progressive march; the surrounding flesh was sound ; scarcely did there exist any traces of pus, which was of a good quality. She only complained, during the whole time, of a light tickling on the breast she had preserved and at the height of the arm pit ganglion. On Monday, 27th November, thirteen days after the operation, she returned home, and the next day she paid visits in Paris to all her acquaintances, who certainly did not expect her out so soon. I continued dressing her wound every evening until her nurse was sufficiently capable of dressing her without my assistance. On the 4th December, the date of her usual menstruation, she felt during the night, the ancient flow of blood under the wound, but no hemorrhage ensued ; she only felt the blood flow to the matrix as if her courses were returned; on the 12th December she paid me a visit at Montrouge, enjoying most excellent health. On the 25th December the wound was not larger than half a dollar; this part however, would not cicatrise; I also perceived the mammary gland becoming harder and larger. I persuaded her to consent to another introduction of the bistoury in the gland and the application of the Vienna Caustic on the wound and gland; but at the moment I and Mr. Veyne were ready to operate, she peremp- torily refused. I withdrew convinced that the disease would reap- pear and require the same operation over again. On the 31st January, I found that the cancer had made its reappear- ance and had taken the place of the remaining wound; its diameter was about Ij2 inch. She consented, that day, to have it burned with caustic ; a large quantity of blood flowed out; after spunging I dressed the wound in the manner above described. The burning was not repeated until the crust came off. Notwithstanding this burning, the invasion spread and escaped the influence of the cautery. Unfortu- nately ,at this very period I fell sick and was compelled to suspend my visits. Cauterizing was continued ; she adopted the use of Ioduro rubiacee tizane (198) which at intervals she left off. The unfortunate accident which befel me on the 14th march 1844, compelled me to keep my room altogether. Three months passed before I could visit my patient, to whom I had taken a lively interest. The fungus gave way before the numerous and unnecessary cau- terization applied, but the healed wound occupied a considerable space and was only obtained at the expense of a certain thickening of the subjacent muscles. The mammary gland had not augmented; but her general health had been impaired, by the nurse who was in the habit of dressing her wound, forsaking her, and more especially by domestic disagreements, the recital of which pained me much. How- ever, thanks to the use of anodyne water and the camphorated regi- men she was enabled to support her afflictions until the 9th January 52 « 1845. In some cases she treated patients by my method and invited them to be more courageous than she had been and not lose their chance of being completly cured. When I remember this 6ad result and such a fatal obstinacy, tears rush to my eyes. 266. Caries of the bones. Causes.—Caries proceeds from the denudation of the bones or from the exposure of the denuded surface to the contact of air, or from the lasting action of a mercurial treatment [56]; or finally, from the ero- sion oflarvas of insects and principally those of flics. Effects.—When caries takes place by the erosion of a larva, the patient experiences a shooting pain, which sometimes resembles the action of a gimblet entering in the bone. He suffers insupportable pains in the bone. No such diagnostic is remarked when the bone is denuded or under the action of mercury. Disorganisation of the bones very often progresses fearfully, without any other pain than that of friction and sudden jerks. Treatment.—Complete hyegenic regimen [262], use of ioduro rubiacee tizane [198], Complete camphorated dressing (271) with injections of milk warm tar water [209] and camphorated oil (153) in the osseous fistules. Application of anodyne water (169) above and below the wound, and around the neck and wrists whenever fever makes its appearance, sprinkle the bands of dressing often with cam- phorated alcohol, and even the sore if you suspect the action of mer- cury, in order to facilitate the sundering of disorganised shreds of flesh (64). 277. Mesenteric atrophy of children, (obstuction of the belly.) Causes.—Invasion of the peritoneum by worms. Effects.—The belly swells and becomes distended. The child loses appetite and rest, which is replaced by a continual drowsiness he experiences cholics and alternately constipation and diarrhoea. Treatment.—Apply on the belly, especially at night, a vermifuge poultice (166) ; employ vigorous frictions (160), at least three times a day. Give him endive syrup (241) morning and evening; camphor three times a day, (122). Vermifuge injections (217) every evening. You may see in my large work vol. II. p. 573, an example of the effects of this treatment compared with the old method. 278. Catarrh, cold in the chest, gripe, infuenza, hooping cough. Causes.—Catarrh or cold in the chest may be caught in every season; gripe,which according to the country,bares the names offollette & influenza is an epidemic brought on by cold and foggy weather. Hooping cough is now applied only to* children laboring under a cold accompanied with strong spasms of coughing. The word cold is applied only to runnings of the mucous membrane of nose and respi- ratory organs. Catarrh applies to all the organs which communicate with the exterior air; we say catarrh of the bladder, of the uterus, as well as catarrh of the chest. In the present case we give it the latter definition. Catarrh or cold in the lungs is produced by ticklings of inert or ani- 53 mated foreign bodies, such as garrett dust or the invasion of vermicu- lar ascarides on the coatings of the wind-pipe and more especially on the larynx. Gripe is produced by the invasion of sharper vermicular parasites, which, by adhering to the isthsmus of the throat and on the mucous of the larynx, induce by the infiltration of virus, an engor- gement of the lymphatics and benumb the muscles of the neck, back and chest, which forms on the bust a sort of focus%f suffering and stiffness. Hooping cough of children has the same incipient cause as catarrhs of old men and the only difference in their character is the difference of age and organs. Effects.—As respiration is the principle which gives life to all other functions, the least trouble which supervenes in the respiratory organs must produce a general disorder ; hence do we see neglected or maltreated colds terminate by marasmus if not by pulmonary phthisis. Gripe extending its ravages on a larger scale, offers more serious characters and advances more rapidly to its fatal termination. By the treatment adopted, it might occasion, in certain populations, a frightful mortality. Treatment.—The more our treatment extends the less do we witness around us cases of neglected cold and catarrh. Even gripe, which annually visited Paris, does no longer give any sign of life; for when taken in their infancy, affections of the chest disappear by the use of camphor cigarettes (131). If with this treatment, you only surround the neck with a simple cravat soaked in anodyne water (169), you are sure of curing your spasms of coughing and eradicating the disease. Should spasms of the chest continue, the chest and neck should be covered with large compresses [230] of camphorated al- cohol (139). Use afterwards frictions with camphorated ointment (160). Adults, must moreover, when the catarrh is inveterate or rebellious, use gargles of salt water at least three times a day, and mash a piece of camphor under their teeth (122) which they swallow by a mouth- ful of tar water (209) or hops (226) ; friction with camphorated ointment at least night and morning (160) and lotion with ano- dyne water (169). Purging every four days with aloes (99) and ver- mifuge injections (229); and every forthnight take one gramme of unground calomel (110). Very few persons are obliged to undergo the whole of this treat- ment. Besides relief is obtained at the very beginning. Moreover, frictions create such a sentiment of happiness during a few hours that it nearly equals a cure. I repeat it again, the use alone of camphor cigarettes (131) is often sufficient to cure or relieve the patient. Cases cured.—To give a few examples of cure would be apparently lessening the generality of the rule. I can assure the public I have not encountered a single exception to what I advance, and every body will have more than one occasion of testing the remarkable effects of E 54 this treatment. I have heard my children often cough violently wten rising, more especially in winter ; they immediately employed the cam- phorcigaretteand were cured in a moment. How often have I seen neglected colds of six months' duration, cured in a few days by the simple use of camphor cigarettes! Remember that a neglected cold is nothing but a cold illy treated. Physicians will keep it up with lochs, juleps, dfct or mucilaginous regimen, mallows and other pastes ; it is by such means that a simple cold is very often brought to a pulmonary phthisis. I have extended this article more than the work permits, because I will have occasion to refer other analogous diseases to this chapter. Cephalalgia see megrim Carbuncles see timples Chlorosis see jaundice 279. Cholera morbus, yellow fever and other diseases of an analogous character. Causes.—The invasion of the alimentary canal and especially the intestinum tenue by hordes of small larvas, which I class by analogy in the order of flies. Efeects.—The intestinal coating being disorganised by the fright- ful effects of the disease, the blood thickens and coagulates; the tis- sues become thin and dried up ; the forced contraction of the stomach produces vomitting of black matter: the colon obeying the same me- canism ejects noxious matter ; the limbs are agitated by convulsive movements ; the body becomes black, thin, dried up and assumes has the appearance of a mummy. Treatment.—Unfortunate will be the patient who falls in the hands of expectative medicine ! How unfortunate will the population be, if scholastic medicine is yet imbued with antiphlogistical princi- ples ! The mortality will be incalculable and the population will be daily decimated. During the period of cholera I was not at liberty, but in our prisons, none weretreated according to the principles of the faculty, and it was fortunate for us. I had a companion of captivity, well educated, who in a spirit of contradiction glutted himself with garlic, pepper, leeks, onions, turnips and finally of every thing the faculty prohibited at that period. His example was followed by many others. The whole of my companions braved the cholera with impunity and in spite of medi- cine, without knowing it. If ever cholera should return, I declare my belief that it could be arrested without much trouble by our treatment. The officers employed in our colonies have already stated through the press the facility with which they cure and preserve themselves from yellow (Tver, by following the prescriptions of our small diary. Many cap- tains have provided themselves with our medical chest [97] in or- der to have at hand remedies for themselves and crew ; one of them has ordered a monstrous chest. 55 You may preserve yourself from cholera by following the campho- rated regimen and aloes (262); a full diet well seasoned with garlic, pepper and ginger (41); and by repeated lotions of campho- rated alcohol [139], or cologne water, and prolonged frictions with camphorated ointment (160). A cure will be obtained, if at the first symptoms you redouble this preventive treatment and cease it only when every danger has disappeared. Apply vermifuge poultices [166] on the belly; which are to be renewed every quarter of an hour and copious frictions with camphorated alcohol (139) on the same part, whilst the poultice is making. Take immediately aloes and herb broth [99]; vermifuge injections with tobacco [220]; every hour take 25 centigrammes of camphor with a mouthful of tar water [209]. Apply compresses of anodyne water [169] on the head, around the neck and wrists ; mois- ten the whole back with the same water and rub incessantly from the neck to the fundament with camphorated ointment [1601. Use frequent gargles of saltwater [224]. A few hours after you have begun this treatment, give to the patient one gramme of calomel in cristals, broken, but not reduced to powder [110] and half an hour afterwards castor oil [195]. When the paroxysm is over, place him in an anodine and alcalino-ferruginous bath [107] and rub him when he comes out. Full aromatized diet [41] whenever the patient has an appetite. 280. Falls. Treatment.—Apply anodyne water (169) on the head and around the neck; wash the whole body with the same water and apply com- presses on the bruised parts, when not rent assunder, and use frictions -of camphorated ointment (160). This treatment will cure in a few moments the effects of a most violent fall, provided the essential vital organs have not been endangered. Case cured.—On the 3rd December 1844, Mr. Collas my druggist, came to see me at ten o'clock one frosty morning. Half an hoar afterwards he ascended the first staircase of an old farm house. In coming down, the snow which had stuck to his boots made him miss the first step and he rolled down the whole staircase at the botton of which he was picked up senseless. He was brought to my house, hardly able to support himself on his legs. The worst contusion^vas on the left cheek bone; the eye was enormously swelled and inflamed and the patient only saw through a mist. A violent head ache and inflammation in the feet seized him when he recovered. I undressed him, rubbed his back with camphorated alcohol, immersed his head in anodyne water and applied com- presses of the same around his neck, on the lower back bone and thighs and principally on the temples, the cheek bone and left eye brow. I washed his eye with one or two drops of anodyne water mixed in a wine glass of water and gave, at intervals of ten minutes tijro glasses of sugared water, aromatized with four or five drops of 56 gentle balm and from 9 to 10 grains of aloes with a mouthful of su- gared water. In less than half an hour the left eye had recovered its volume and functions, headache had disappeared. At noon the patient breakfasted with me, enjoying a fine appetite, and returned to his occupations laughing at the accident which he had encoun- tered. Chorea or st. vitus' dance see convulsions. Purulent focus see tumors drawing to a head. 281. Pimples, phlegmons, large tumors, carbuncle. Causes.—The sub cutaneous introduction of irritating foreign bodies, of a barbed splinter or large insect; wasp and midge bites whose darts have been poisoned in the pus of. dead animals left in open air; the introduction in the skin of the decomposed produce of a corpse by a cut or mucous ; eating flesh of animals dead of carbuncle. Effects.—The skin reddens, forms a hardened bump, red and inflamed at first, through which you can perceive a mass of tissues infiltrated with blood. When the bump assumes a black color, it may become the focus of the most serious disorders and take the character of a malignant pustule and carbuncle. Fever augments with the growth of the bump, but is succeeded by a dangerous atony when the bump becomes decomposed. Wasp and midge bites may be attended with erisypel^s and swelling of the body as if produced by the bite of a viper. Treatment. — Cover the inflamed part with a coating of camphor (126), on top of which you apply lint pledgets (233) cove- red with camphorated ointment (158); secure the whole by an agglutinative band (234). Wash with anodyne water (169) around the wound. Fever will cease immediately and the lump will pro- gressively diminish. The same dressing will prevent the lump turning into a malignant pustule, more especially if you apply compresses [230] of camphorated alcohol (130) around it. Use copious lotions of anodyne water (169) against erysipelas and inflammation until all the symptoms have disappeared. If carbuncle had already declared itself, it would be necessary to apply besides the above, co- pious lotions of camphorated vinegar diluted in a sufficient quantity of water (247), camphor internally [122]; uninterrupted rubbing of camphorated ointment (158) with copious washings of anodyne water [169]. Case cured.—The cures of pimples and bumps have bee"n so numerous that it is hardly necessary to mention them, but I will cite the following case of a wasp bite accompanied with erysipelas. One evening in the month of August 1843, Mrs. Montazeau, keep- ing a distillery of oil, on the great route of Orleans, a young woman of excellent health, although of a delicate constitution, felt the bite of a wasp on her temple, which she killed with her hand on the seat of pain. In a few seconds a general infiltration began, the swelling ascended the head and from thence invaded the Whole body; the patient screamed that the pain was reaching the heart and fell into syncope. 57 Mrs. Jonquier, her mother, immediately washed the whole body with anodyne water and an hour afterwards the swelling was only perceptible on the hand and side of the biten cheek. She took a few glasses of sugared water, alternately sharpened with a few drops of campho- rated vinegar and anodyne water. She passed an excellent night. The next day no traces remained. I presume the wasp had poisoned its dart in the decomposed remains of animals. The accident which happened to the butcher of the barrier near Deux-Moulins may probably have caused the poisoning of the wasp. This butcher had the unscrupulousness to strip a cow which had died by disease. His boy died in two days from a small pricking made whilst cutting up the meat. One officer and two sol- diers of the ordinance died from eating the meat or were so dange- rously ill that life was despaired of, for those four victims had been treated by the old method rating functions : this is an error of which numerous experiments have demonstratated the absurdity. Women who adopt the camphorated regimen suited to their sex, recover their fecundity and have strong and healthy children ; I have many remarkable examples of this fact under my eyes. As to husbands who adopt the same hyegenic system, they only become more faithful, the action of camphor calming only the ramblings of imagination from which libertinism springs. Coxalgia see Rhumatism. 290. Spitting of blood, (hemoptysis). Causes.—Hemorrhage of the pulmonary surfaces is produced by a ; disruption of the parts, occasioned either by the too prolonged action '. of acid or alcaline vapours, by the abuse of alcoholic liquors or by :; exhausting habits; but oftener by the introduction in the respiratory organs of animated and inanimate foreign bodies, having the power ; of tearing the coatings. Treatment.—Against the action of acid vapour and the abuse of spirituous liquors, or other excesses, apply on the chest large compres- 63 ses of anodyne water (169), and rub gently with camphorated ointment(ltiO). Against the action of alcaline and ammoniacal vapours, apply compresses (239) soaked in camphorated alcohol (139) and a few drops of vinegar; place camphorated vinegar (247) under the nose. In all cases, inhale through the nose camphorated alcohol (139) until hemorrhage ceases; afterwards use the camphorated cigarette (131) habitually and adopt the hyegenic regimen (262). Stomach cramps see stomach pains. 291 Croup of children. Causes.—The invasion of the larynx and wind-pipe by an animated body which may differ from vermicular ascarides. Effects.—The presence and action of this worm induce on the internal surface of the wind-pipe an indefinite developement of para- sitical tissues, which by congregating and pressing themselves, end in producing a moulded stopper on the cylinder of the wind-pipe and in- tercepting the passage of air. When this frightful effect has taken place and relief is not promptly administered, the child will be strangu- lated by asphyxy. The invasion of croup is recognised by a stri- dulous noise which we call the croupal squeak and which is produced by the progressive narrowing of the wind-pipe and larynx. Treatment.—At the first symptoms, administer a large dose of ipecacuanha syrup (247); place the camphorated cigarette in the mouth, or if the child refuses, keep a large lump of camphor near the lips. Surround the neck with a cravat soaked alternately in anodyne water [169] and camphorated alcohol [139]. If, against all expecta- tions, this preparatory treatment be not sufficient to check the evil, or should have been administered only when the disease had progres- sed too far,you should hasten to administer one grain of tartar emetic, in order to clear the wind-pipe of the obstruction, by vomiting. But when taken in time, the first treatment so completely checks the evil, that croup has only the appearance of a common cold. 292. FURFURACEOUS TETTERS AND OTHER SUPERFICIAL DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Causes.—The sub-cutaneous crawling of small worms or other insects. Treatment.—Apply on the tetter compresses of camphorated alco- hol [139], when it does not occupy too large a space. Should it invade the whole body, take anodyne alcalino ferruginous baths [107] with frictions of camphorated ointment [160] after each bath. Sleep in a dress greased with camphorated ointment [158]. Adopt the hyegenic regimen [262] and take one gramme of iodide of potassium in the manner prescribed in another part [197]. 293. Fainting. Treatment.—Place a band around the head above the e^s and 64 sprinkle the top of the head with anodyne water [169], surround the neck and wrists with compresses of the same water. Place under the nose camphorated vinegar ^247]. Delirium tremens see Poisoning by alcoholic liquors [298—6° ] • 294. Tooth, [ache and caries of]. Causes.—Abuse of acid substances, erosion of the tooth by a larva or intestinal worm. Eefects.—It would be useless to describe the anguish produced by tooth-ache; we will only remark that when toothe-ache is accompanied by swelling of the cheek, caries exist in the gum and penetrates under the root. Treatment.—When caries has not penetrated deeply in the gums, the introduction in thetooth, of a small piece of camphor, will alone be sufficient to dissipate the most violent pain as if by enchantment. Should it resist this simple agent, it would indicate the existence of a hidden abcess in the socket; you would then soak your finger in cam- phorated alcohol [139] and pass it on the gum; apply on the suffering cheek a poultice of salt and linseed [167] sprinkled with anodyne wa- ter. We have seen swolen cheeks and tooth ache disappear in one day by this treatment and relief obtained immediately. In our neigh- borhood no one requires our assistance to cure himself of tooth ache, nor does he employ a dentist to extract them. Besides by adopting our hyegenic regimen [262] those accidents are avoided. 295. Flux, diarrhea, dissentery, &c. Causes.—Diarrhea is produced by the invasion of worms in the bilious canals and consequently the passage of acid chyme in the large intestines. Dyssentery is produced by the invasion of larvas in the large intestines, who tear the coatings, or by the depot of calca- reous concretions precipitated by the tartaric acid of fruits and green raisins; concretions whose asperity produce solutions of the intestinal coatings and consequently hemorrhage. Effects.—The ejected matter of diarrhea is liquid,generally yellowish and slimy, sometimes of a deep green. The ejections of dyssentery are tinctured with blood. It is easily perceived that such a disposition cannot be prolonged without disturbing the whole functions of the ani- mal economy. Treatment.—Vermifuge injections [220]; complete hyegenic regi- men [262]; application of large compresses soaked in camphorated alcohol (139; on the belly. Furthermore see head Intestinal worms [343] When dyssentery appears to be produced by the immoderate use of green fruits, two grammes of bi-carbonate of potassium are to be added to the injection and the same quantity is taken in one litre of borage- tea [212]. b Furthermore see head Cholics and miserere Cholics [283]. ^Ecchymosis see Contusion. Bruised flesh see Contusion. 65 296. King's evil, scrofula. Causes.—Mercurial treatment bequeathes to children this degene- rating disposition of all the tissues. Persons having this constitu- tionnal vice have an innate predisposition to the invasion of animated poisonous worms. Eefects.—The glands are easily engorged; inflamed and running spots appear on the surfaces; the tissue in these spots is decomposed and forms holes which often leave deep scars when cured. Treatment.—Our treatment cannot either rebuild organs or the constitution; it preserves strong constitutions; relieves those who are delicate and prolonges their life as far as the sphere of their de- velopement will permit. The true way of preserving future popula- tions from scrofula is to introduce morality in pleasures, prudence in the sexual contact, motherly tenderness in maternity [291], and more especially to prevent physicians from employing mercurial or arsenical treatments (52). With these precautions, we shall doubtless conti- nue to have debilitated constitutions, but scrofula will not exist to such an alarming extent. Scrofulous ulcers are treated in the same manner as sores [271]. The patient must adopt the complete hyegenic and aromatic regimen [262[; wash the body often with camphorated alcohol [139] and rub with camphorated ointment [158] during a quarter of an hour ; drink ioduro-rubiacee tizanne [197]. I have seen ulcers of a scrofulous nature disappear in two months' treatment.* 297. Poisoning. General Notice.—The antidote must be administered, as much at possible, immediately after the poison is taken. It would consequently be a great desideratum that every one should be enabled to relieve the victims of such terrible accidents before the physician arrives, for the ravages of poison are so rapid that the patient is often past recovery before the physician's arrival. We shall condense in a few practical and easy principles, all that should be done in such cases : We may divide the several poisonings under lour principal heads : 1 ° Poisoning by acids: sulfuric, nitric, muriatic and concentrated acetic, oxalic, prussic acids, &c. 2° By caustic alkalis : Quick lime, potash, soda, liquid ammonia magnesia, barytes, &c. 3° By dissolving and soluble oxale and salts of mercury, arsenic, lead, copper, gold, silver, platina, pewter, &c. 3° By narcotics or their pharmaceutic preparation: opium, bella- done, tobacco, henbane, stramonium, nux vomica, venomous mush- rooms, &c. 5° By inhaling carbonic acid and vapours of lighted coals, of sul- furated hydrogen and miasmatic gases. 6° By alcoholic liquors: wine, beer, &c. which produce drunken- ness and delirium tremens. 66 298. Treatment for poisoning by ae ids. Prussic acid acting as instantaneously as a thunderbolt leaves very little chance of life. For the other acids, beat up chalk powd. r passed on a sieve, or mar- ble, or lime-stone powder, with milk : Lime or chalk powder 50 grammes. Milk 1 litre. The patient must drink of the mixture "as much as possible.administer afterwards half a glass of oil. If the oil does not produce vomiting ,give immediately one grain of tartar emetic by means of a glass of water. Recommence administering chalk powder and even emetic if the ac- cidents of acids threaten to reappear. In the meantime the patient must inhale through the nose anodyne water [1691; wash the body and apply compresses around the neck and on the head of the same water; use gargles of bi-carbonate of potash, two grammes in a large tumb lerful of water. 2 = Treatment against poisoning by alkali. The patient must drink as much oil as he can and sulfuric lemo- nade composed of one gramme of acid in one litre of water; at times camphorated vinegar (247) diluted in water, and milk afterwards; after this one grain of emetic, if the oil has not immediately induced vomiting. In those two cases the use of oil is not only to induce vomiting but is employed to smoothen the coatings of the stomach and (esophagus and preserve tnem from the corroding influence of poison when vomiting takes place. 3 ° Treatment against poisoning by oxate and salts of arsenic mer- cury, lead and copper. • Against oxate and salts of arsenic and mercury, administer chalk powder and milk as N ° 1; then a finger of wine, and afterwards oil and emetic as above. Against salts of lead, administer sulfuric lemonade, as N ° 2, then milk, oil and emetic as in other cases. For the other oxates, chalk powder and milk, and emetic immediately after. 4 ° Treatment against poisoning by narcotic: belladona, opiim h>:m!oc,nux vomica, henbane, <$cc. and salts extracted from these plants. The above dose of emetic administered as soon as possible. Ad- minister at internals a few drop3 of camphorated vinegar [247] in a glass of water; wash the body with the vinegar and "continues rub with camphorated ointment [158] on the back, chest, loins and abdomen; apply continual compresses of anodyne water [169] on the head. At intervals administer warm infusion of fresh borage tea [214] I will here relate a case of such poisoning on myself. On Thursday 14th March, I had perambulated the whole city on business, and had dined with a fine appetite in comp my with Dr. Hor- teloup, physician of Sainte-Perrine, at the Biron hotel.L -titte street in the room of my friend Mr. Neil de Breaute, who was to leave on th? 67 following day. We had separated without having the least inclina- tion to fall sick ;— I passed an excellent night;—I worked the next day until one o'clock, when I took a light breakfast, conversing with one of my neigbors and the mother of a young patient who was wait- ing for the surgeon until 3 o'olock. I then remembered not ha- ving taken my coffee, the cup remaining on the chimney. It must be observed the dinning room door had remained opened during the morning and that we received strange visits. My coffee had such a bad taste that I swallowed it at once and went out afterwards to pair my vine ; but although on a fine spring day, I felt a chilling cold fall on my shoulders. I had only time to reach my room and throw myself on the bed.Cold invaded me by the extremity,and convulsions accompanied by nervous spasms began to betoken a serious accident. When they came to my relief,my extremities were found as cold as marble; tetanus was seizing me and bending the spinal marrow with atrocious pandi- culations accompanied by sobs and shrieks which ceased at each in- termission. I vainly employed my whole energy to master the ner- vous spasms ; my two arms rose against my will and fell down of their own accord. Two hours were employed to bring back a slight heat in my extremeties, by means of stone jars filed with warm water. I attempted to explain all these circumstances in a moment of intermission, but scarcely had I time to exclaim: "they have missed mef when tetanus returned with all its preceding characters. I had the presence of mind to order an infusion of borage which I drank with avidity ; at half past nine in the evening, vomiting relieved me of my sufferings and threw me in a slumber which lasted three days, during which time I remained bruised and deprived of sufficient in- tellect to understand what passed around me. Never in my life did I labor under such pains and never have I been in the least subject to convulsions. Persons who are acquainted with toxicology will share my opinion that I was the victim of poisoning by strychnine, but the dose was too small. After this crisis, debility invaded all the organs; the lymphatic tissue became engorged and I suffered during three months the most atrocious pains, and during fifteen days I was in a state borde- ring on agony with my eyes open. It may be asked whether I have any idea or suspicions as to the cause of this poisoning. In such a delicate matter, doubt must remain hidden in my besom. I have in the house a small parcel of strychnine which I have not opened for the last ten years. I have never, used this salt in medicine. This is all the information I can give on this delicate question. 5° Treatment against poisoning bly inhaling carbonic acid and miasmatic gases. Wash the body with anodyne water [169] ; apply afterwards repeated frictions of camphorated ointment [158] on. the ^hest and especially between the two shoulders. 'Jhhale through the nose anodyne water [169]; administer a few drops of the same water in a tumblerful of water as soon as the patient can drink; surround the neck and cover the head with compresses of anodyne water. 6° Tiw I me n! against drunkenness and ditirium tremens. Same treatment as for No. 5 with the addition of alcalino-ferru- ginous baths (107.) "Case Cured.—In the month of June 1843, the keeper of a wine cellar, whom they were conducting to Bicetre [an alienated hospital] was brought to my house. The doctor of Salpetriere had pronounceed him alienated. This man had the face swollen, red and stupid looking, his limbs were affected with nervous spasms; never- theless he was conscious of his sufferings and requested relief. I was informed that he passed the whole d ay employed in a cellar bot- tling wine and spirituous liquors, incessantly surrounded with alco- holic vapours and sometimes taking spirits otherwise than by in- haling. He was attacked with the drunkard's disease, a strong delirium tremens. I induced the parents to take him back home and treat him with anodyne water which I furnished in large quantity. In three days the man was better, and a few days afterwards he resumed his labor,taking the precaution of placing a bottle of the antidote alongside the poison. A bottle of anodyne water against his sea of alcohol. N. B. Those who will pay a proper attention to the letter and spirit of the above prescriptions will never be at a loss to afford relief in cases of poisoning, and they may be the means of wresting many victims from the grasp of death which advances so rapidly in some cases. When the physician arrives, he cannot but applaud what you have done in his absence. 299. Diseases of young children. Children when nursing, are not, generally, subject to any accident; the milk is their panacea. When they are weaned and under the family regimen, we see them lose ther rosy color, decline and suffer thousands of evils. Whence this difference ? From the impurity of air, the absence of the sun, but especially the difference in their food. Nursing introduces in their bodies the extracts of all the pre- servative condiments of the aromatised nourishment of the peasant nurse. Their return to the city poisons them with insipid and vermi- cular nourriohment which the rich man regards as one of his most precious advantages. Intestinal diseases of young children must always be considered a» vermicular diseases and be treated by the aromatic and anti-vermi- cular regimen (262). Administer, morning and evening, a spoonful of endive syrup •241]; they must be deprived of sweetmeats and milks, and spice their nourishment sufficiently [41]; wash the body with campho- rated alcohol [12'A] and then rub wi-.h camphor ointment (108). 69 During a crisis and sleeplessness, apply a vermifuge poultice (166) on the belly, and administer a small anti-vermicular injection [220]. If the new born child refuses the nipple and it should become ne- cessary to rear him with the suction bottle, you must require the milkman's permission to give the cow every day a handful of good hay sprinkled with a little salt, and see her fed; give the child endive syrup [241] at intervals ; small camphorated injections (217), rub the belly with camphorated ointment [160] and place a piece of camphor near the mouth (131); with such precautions the child will spring up in as fine health as those nursed at the breast. The young daughter of Mr. Bailly, a guilder", has been raised by no other means. This child, who has now attained her third year and enjoys fine healthy came in the world with very uncertain signs of living. The physician did not even believe she could live a few weeks. She obs- tinately refused her mother's breast and those of nurses, and was reared, not with a suction bottle, which she could not even take, but with a small glass. Precocious habits of children see urine. 300. Chilblain. Causes.—Rushing and congestion of the blood in the capillary cutaneous tissues, under the influence of a sudden transition from heat to a rigorous cold. Effets.—Chilblain takes place generally at the extremity of the feet, hands, tip of the nose and ears. Tumefaction; redness, then crac- king and chafing of skin, insupportable itching at the least impres- sion of heat. Treatment.—Administer a bath to the sore limb, made of an equal quantity of water and anodyne water [169]. Ten minutes after, wipe well and surround with linen, greased with camphorated ointment, and keep the sore warm by introducing the hand or foot in a hogs bladder or glove sufficiently large. Chilblain will quickly disappear if taken in time. If the skin is already cracked, cover it with camphor powder (126) and camphorated ointment (158); wet band with anodyne water (166) and apply on the sound flesh aroudd the wound. ' Baths are subpressed when the skin is cracked, the burning would be intolerable. 301. Sprain, bruises. Treatment.—Apply a good compress of anodyne water [169] on the nerve, when the skin is not ruptured. If this does not cure promptly enough, apply a saline poultice sprinkled with anodyne water (166), instead of the former. But generally? the limb sprained may be used a quarler of an hour afterwards. Surround the nerve with linen bands greased with camphorated ointment (158 70 302. Erysipelas. Causes.—Erysipelas has the appearance of a chilblain, but is no caused bv atmospheric variations; it is a congestion produced by the sub-cutaneous infiltration of an acid formed by the fermentation of a purulent wound, or by the parasitical effects of an animated cause. Effects.—The flesh becomes tumefied and inflamed, and the conta- gion extends progressively to such a degree, that it often threatens an invasion of the whole system. By the ancient method of dressing, the contagion of Erysipelas was permanent, at least in certain season, in the Chirurgical wards of our hospitals. By the new method trau- matic Erysipelas is no longer dreaded. Treatment.—Apply compresses-of anodyne water (169) on the inflamed surface, and when the burning pain compels their removal, cover-the surface with camphorated ointment (158). In other cir- cumstances, and especially for Erysipelas of the face, apply poultices of salt and linseed lightly sprinkled with anodyne water (167).— Poultices have a slower action, but are supported much more easily. Always use camphorated ointment (158) in the intervals of a dressing, or when the skin breaks. 303. Extinction of Voice. When extinction of voice is not produced by mercury, or by a lesion of the vocal cords, and has been induced by a catarrhal affection, the use of camphor cigarettes (131) and compresses of anodyne water (169) around the neck will be sufficient to effect a cure. Dramatic actors in Paris have now generally adopted the use of camphor cigarettes (131) as a preventative. 304. Fever, Brain Fever, Intermittent Fever. Causes.—Whatever congests the blood produces fever; indigestion, the abuse of alcoholic liquors, constipation, the infiltration in the blood of an acid produced by the poisonous fermentation of a purulent or paracitical animated cause. The intermission of fever is generally caused by the intermission of rest and nutrition of an animated cause. Brain fever is very often produced by the action of vermin on the brain, to which spot it draws and congests the blood. Effects.—The pulse beats quickly and irregularly; an alternate feeling of heat and cold is felt. In intermittent fevers,- the face be- comes thin and pale and the body is seized with marasmus. Treatment.—Use the camphor cigarette (131); take camphor three times a day (122), aloes every other day, (99), vermifuge injec- tions (220). Apply compresses of anodyne water (169) or vermifuge poultices (166) sprinkled with anodyne water (169) on the belly; frequent lotions over the whole body with anodyne water (169) ; com- presses of same water around the neck and on the head. Brain fever when*taken in its incipiency ceases almost instantly by thus treatment, when energetically administered. Those who now 71 treat such diseases by bleeding, diet and ice on the head are guilty of manslaughter. As to the employment of quinquina and sulphate of quinine, which are so inconvenient, it is only persisted in by those imbued with the old principles,who seek by the lengthy action of those medicines, the cure which is so rapidly obtained by the new method.. For other fevers—Bilious, Gastric, Typhus—See Intestinal Diseases. Yellow fever, see Cholera. Traumatic fever, see Wounds. Fissures and Fistula of anus, see Hemorrhoids. t 305. Discharges, whites. Causes.—The introduction of an animated cause, especially ver- micular ascarides, in the genital organs of both sexes. Effects.—Itching in the parts, sometimes to an alarming degree; more or less constant emission of a more or less pricking nature.— Pains of stomach, hard digestion, nauseous breath, debility. Treatment.—Complete hyegenic regimen (262); three times a day, injections of tar water (209) in the parts; in the evening intro- duce camphorated ointment (158) as far as possible. A slight burn- ing sensation will be felt at first, but it will not last more than one or two minutes. Apply at times champhorated alcohol (139) on the lower part of the belly; take aloes (99) every four days. I am not aware that a single case has ever resisted this treatment. In a few- days the discharges will cease, the body will regain its flesh and very often fecundity is renewed. Itch, see Cutaneous diseases. Lymphatic ganglions, see Glands. Gangrene, see Ulcers. Slimy emissions, see Intestinal diseases. 306. Glands, (engorgement of,) Mumps, Tonsils, &c. Causes.—The bite of intestinal or other worms; the introduction of a foreign body in a gland or lymphatic ganglion. Also, the inspiration of a simple miasma, or of a foul breath suffices to enlarge the gland perceptibly. Treatment.—As soon as a gland under the chin is engorged, ap- ply a poultice of an equal part of salt and linseed, sprinkled with anodyne water [167] ; use frequent gargles of salt water, in which you put a few drops of camphorated vinegar or lime juice [247]; fol- low the whole hyegenic regimen [262]. When the gland comes to a head and breaks outside, the complete dressing applied to wounds and ulcers [271] must be used instead of poultices. Gargles alone are often sufficient to reduce tonsils and obviate the necessity of extract- ing them. If the glands of the chin and neck resisted the action of saline poultices, they should be superceded by compresses of anodyne water [169]; they should be applied with a strong and prolonged pressure 72 which would cause a severe burning, but thic pain would soon be re- lieved by applying thick coatings of lint, spread over with camphorat- ed ointm< nt [168], and maintained by a plaster of serecloth [234].— I employ this last treatment for engorgements produced by the innoculation of a virus by means of a razor cut: you must shave as usual without paying a liy attention to serai dies or blood; burn by means ol anodvne water [169], which causes pain, but cures more surely and rapidly. Walk about the apartment when you burn your- self, in onl r to throw off the vapours of ammoniac which might in the long run fatigue your lungs. When you can compress the gland .between your fingers, disorgani- sation takes place quicker. You must preserve yourself from currents of air, cool and sudden transitions of heat to cold. When a person is reduced to swallow only liquids, they must be extracts of every thing which forms the usual solid nourishment: bread, meat, spices and vegetables made in a broth; Generous wine and even at times a drop of elixir [48] ; tizane ioduro-rubiacee [198] during some time and as much as the stomach can support. 307. Goitre. Causes.—Use of iced beverage and water of snow melted; at times the bite of one of those insects, which have the power by their suction of producing the developement of parasitical organs of the strangest nature. Treatment.—The same general treatment given for Glands [306], by adding the use of compresses of camphorated alcohol [139] from time to time; continue the use of iode of potassium longer, and put the 6ame dose in the saline poultice [166]. 308. Gout. Causes.—A tendency of the extremities of the articular bones to become tumified, or to synovial coagulating secretions which renders the play ol articulation insufferable. The abuse of refined pleasures, of spirituous liquors, effeminacy and sedentary habits, but above all those accursed mercurial remedies which are the plague of medicine, imprinting on the bones this tendency of softening at their extremity, produce gout. Gout in the feet generally begins at the toe. Effects.—The inferior extremity becomes tumefied, bumpy nodes are formed and these effects progressively ascend from articulation to articulation with atrocious sufferings. Gout has its crisis, its inter- missions and periodicity. Treatment.—Hyegenic regimen [262]; use of ioduro-rubiacee tizane [198]. Apply compresses of anodyne water [169] on the parts invaded. When pain has disappeared, and you wish to walk, cover the articulations with lint pledgets [233] covered with campho- rated ointment [158], which are secured by a band of serecloth [234]. Twice a day wash the whole body with anodyne water [169], and rub during ten minutes with camphorated ointment [168].- When 73 the weather permits take alcalino-ferruginous bath [107], with a gen- eral friction. Ioduro-rubiacee tizane [198]. If the violence of pain has produced a general disorder in the sys- tem, take aloes [99] on same day. All those attacked with the gout who adopted this treatment, have experienced relief equivalent to health, when the gout has not entirely disappeared. Gravel, see Urine. Pregnancy, see Child-bed. * 309. Hemorrhage. Causes.—Sundering of a sanguinolent vessel by the action of a cutting instrument, of an animated cause or chemical decomposition, We call epistaxis or bleeding of the nose, nasal hemorrhage ; hoematt- mesis or vomiting of blood, stomachal hemorrhage; hoemoptesis or spitting of blood, pectoral hemorrhage; emission of blood, uterine he- morrhage ; dyssentery, hemorrhage of the large intestines ; traumatic hemorrhage, an hemorrhage which supervenes after a wound or chi- , rurgical operation, &c. Effects.—Gradual weakness, fainting; and if the blood cannot be staunched the patient dies from exhaustion. Treatment.—When you can reach the artery from which the blood flows, tie it in the manner described at number 271. If this is impracticable, lotion or inject in the focus of hemorrhage, the fol- lowing liquid: Tar water (209), . . . . 500 grammes. Camphorated alcohol (139), . 3 do. Rectified vinegar (247), ... 3 do. Pass through a light linen and inject cold, either the nose, uterus, ears or the wound ; lotion the neighboring surfaces with the same.— Against hoemoptesis inspire with force; administer it interiorly against hoematemesis. For wounds and uterine losses, after each injection as above, inject camphorated ointment. If there is any ground to believe the vomiting of blood produced by the swallowing of leeches or other larvas, a circumstance which frequently occurs to persons who drink in field or forest marshes, add to the above means, a strong solution of kitchen salt, which you should administer to the patient. Afterwards administer one grain of emetic to provoke a quicker vomiting. 310. Hemorrhoids, fistulas and fissure at the anus. Causes.—Hemorrhoids are tumefactions of different sizes and forms in the interior circumference of the anus, produced by the tickling passage of dried fecal matter, or by that of vermicular ascarides, which the aromatums in the digestion have chased towards the rectum, Fissures are produced by the drying up of the coatings caused by the passage of sharp or pointed fecal matter, or by the introduction of for- eign bodies. Fistules of the anus are attributed to inert or animated causes which produce fistules all around. Fissures or Fistules are also caused by the employment, either internally or externally, of those accursed mercurial or arsenical medicines. G 74 Treatment.—Against hemorrhoids: Introduce in the anus, at least three times a day, camphorated ointment [168], or a campho- rated bougie [157], which must remain in a while. Repeated soften- ing and camphorated injections [217]. Keep the bowels open by the use of aloes [99]. The first treatment will greatly relieve hemorr- hoidal pains. Should you be desirous of curing yourself in less time you must muster courage and introduce in the anus a linen soaked in camphorated alcohol, the burning of which you must brave as long as possible; take afterwards a stool bath and introduce camphorated oint- ment (158) in the anus, which you will maintain by means of lint pledgets (233) covered with camphorated ointment; the whole to be covered with linens impenetrable to greasy substances. This treat- treatment is to be renewed whenever you have sufficient strength. Against fissures: Introduce camphorated ointment (158), or cam- phorated bougies (157) in the anus, and keep them in continually.— Apply on the loins saline poultices (166), sprinkled with anodyne water.—Same regimen as lor hemorrhoids. Against fistulas: fre- quent injections in the fistula of tar water (209), and camphorated oil " (153) alternately. Applications of compresses of camphorated alco- hol (139) on the skin, corresponding to the regions of the fistula.— Complete hyegenic regimen (262). 311. Hernia. At the very moment hernia makes its appearance, place the patient in a sleeping position, with the head lower than the loins; apply com- presses (230) of anodyne water [139] on the hernia; rub lightly above the compress. Very often hernia will disappear with this treat- ment only. When it becomes necessary to carry a bandage, keep the ball well greased with camphorated ointment. 312. Dropsy. Causes.—The invasion of the abdominal cavity and glands or visceras attached thereto, by hydatids or other intestinal worms; which by adhering against the coatings of the peritoneum or against the mesentary, cause the formation of a serous matter which swells the belly. Effects.—Compression of the intestines and difficulty in the stomachal digestion; a more or less considerable suppression of the secretion of the bile; compression of the descending aorta or cavevein* the circulation is arrested and followed by all the general disorders' which spring from this local scourge : jaundice, ematiation, swelling of the inferior limbs and marasmus. Treatment.—Apply constantly renewed compresses of anodyne water (169) on the abdomen; and when the appearance of pimples no longer permits this treatment,' cover the abdomen with linen greas- ed with camphorated ointment^ (158); apply compresses of anodyne water (169) on the loins; they must be removed to the abdomen whenever pimples appear; wash the whole body over with anodyne water (169), and rub afterwards^with camphorated ointment (158); 75 administer camphor three times a day (122); aloes every three days (99). Frequent anti-vermicular injections (220). Tar water in a glass of wine and water [209]. Nourishment strongly aromatised— [41]. Use, but not abuse, of generous wines and aromatic elixirs [48]. Furthermore see Mesenteric atrophy of children. 315. Hysterics, Nymphomania. Causes.—Introduction of inert or animated bodies, principally ver- micular ascarides in the genital organs of woman. Effects.—An itching which creates a sentiment of lasciviousness, or throws disorder in all the nervous system. Bad taste, singular fancies, wandering dreams with eyes open. Treatment.—Hyegenic and anti-vermicular regimen [262]; ver- mifuge injections [220]; frequent injections of tar water [209] in the organs and constant introduction of camphorated ointment [157 and 158]; constant use of camphor cigarettes [131]. Incontinency of Urine, see Urine. 314. Inflammation. This word which played such a high part in ancient medicine iano longer considered any thing but the expression of the effect of a disease which has its cause elsewhere. Inflammation of the tissues is induced by lesion. Cure the lesion,by attacking the cause and inflamma tion will disappear.' We shall not consequently treat this subject as a particu- lar disease. We shall refer the reader for inflammation of the chest and lungs to diseases of the stomach and intestines; for inflamma- tion of the chest to diseases of the chest; for inflammation of the eyes to diseases of the eyes, dfrc.; for inflammations of the abdomen to dis- eases of uterus, 6fC. 315. Indigestion, difficult digestion. Causes.—Indigestion is produced, 1st, by the bad quality or excess of nutrition, abuse of alcoholic liquors or the privation of wine to those habituated to its use, and, finally, the bad quality of wines; 2nd, the wrong position of the organ fatigued by abuses of this or other nature, or when invaded by worms. In persons of sober and temperate habits, the frequency of difficult digestion is effected by the invasion of vermicular ascarides. The bad quality of bread and wine is the predisposing cause of in- digestion. Consequently an effective superintendence over bakers and wine sellers is a great desideratum, for we can generally judge of the quality only after having used the article. Treatment.—When indigestion begins, take large quantities of borage tea well sugared [212] ; take 30 centigrammes of aloes (99), and, during the night, one or two bowlfulls of herb broth [104].— Rub frequently the right side of the belly and loins. Apply compresses of anodyne water [I69hpn the head, around the neck and wrists— Four hours after your meal take a softening injection [216]. If vomiting ensues and has the flavor of rotten eggs, take lemonade now and then. 76 Iiulienza, see Catarrh. Drvnkenness, see Poi.-oning. 'SI*. Jaundice, Chlorosis, Aterus, diseasi: of the livek Causes.—Invasion of the liver by worms, by the liver douve, which' in continually obstructing the hepatic and choledocus canals, prevent the secretion of bile, thus paralizing the duodenal digestion, that is tc say, the transformation of the chyme of the stomach into chyle, and this depriving the blood of its most important agent and coloring mat- ter The presence of animated causes often produce in this organ ravages of a more serious nature. Hydatids are propagated at the expense of the substance, which is now only a bag of water. Large worms and taenias alter and deform the tissues. Other causes induce a schirrhous developement which by propagating invades the whole abdominal cavity. Effects.—Decrease of appetite, progressive swelling of the belly, taundice invades the whole surface with the exception of the cheek bones; slimy diarrhea, sometimes abcess in the lumbar regions; death ensues when the abscess ceases discharging. #^eatment.—Application of compresses well soaked in anodyne water (169) on the whole abdominal region and loins. Wash with camphorated alcohol (139) and rub witlvcamphorated ointment (158) three times a day. Take camphor three times a day (122),'aloes (99) every three days; antivermicular injections [220] morning and eve- ning ; calomel (160) every eight days. When compresses of ano- dyne water have brought too large a quantity of pimples on the skin, apply vermifuge poultices (166) in their place. Frequent gargles with salt water [247]. I have added with advantage to this treatment, ioduro-rubiacee tizanne [198}. Alcalino ferruginous bath [107] [*]. Casi.s curhd.—A pressman and a farmer, both affected with a tu- mour of the liver which swelled their belly, hawe obtained a perfect cure by the above treatment. The pressman applied anodyne water on the abdomen untill the skin came off. Both were cured in six months. Jaundice in its incipiency is cured in a few *lays by the use of camphor, aloes and lotions and rubbing with camphorated ointment. 317. Head ache, megrim, fever, swooning. Cau->e>.—The cause of those diseases are either local or general. The cause is local when it has its seat in the nasal fosses, in the soc- kets of the eye, in the tympanum of the ears; the introduction of a foreign body, an insect, in the cavity of those organs is sufficient to cause the most violent megrim, and even brain fever. The cause is general when those diseases are induced by a se- rious derangement in the digestive functions, or a case of acid poi- (*) The use of ferruginous prescribed by ancient therapeutic is based on a theoretical idea which would tend to admit that iron may be infiltrated in che blood otherwise than through bile and chylification. 77 soning which causes the blood to congeal in the large and small vessels surrounding the brain. Effects.—Megrim occupies only a very small portion of the cra- nium, more especially the frontal region, above one of the eye brows. Head ache invades the whole superior region of the cranium. In brain fever, the blood boils in the head, the temporal arteries beat violently ; inflammation invades the whole face and afterwards the whole body; vision is obscured, you dream with open eyes, delirium ensues, and death may suddenly seize the victim, if medicine does not promptly master those frightful disorders. Treatment.—Head ache taken at the commencement is removed in a few minutes, by simply washing the head with anodyne water [169) and applying a compress around the neck. Should it resist this treatment,it would be caused by a troubled digestion. For this last case take immediately 25 centigrammes of aloes (99). These cases are rare. "Anodyne water, exclaimed a patient, subject to megrim for several years, has taken my pain away as if it had removed a cap from my head." Brain fever taken in its first stage is cured in 24 hours and imme- diately relieved by the following treatment. Surround the forehead with a thick bandage in order to protect the eyes against the action of anodyne water and sprinkle the head frequently with this water (169). Surround the neck with a compress of anodyne water, wash the body with the same water, and rub energetically with camphorated ointment (160). As soon as the patient recovers his reason admi- nister 30 centigrammes of aloes [99] and a vermifuge injection [220]: apply a vermifuge and laxative poultice [163] on the belly. Give hot borage tizane [212] with a small piece of camphor to each glass Lotions of anodyne water [169] must be continued until all the cere- bral symptoms have dissipated. Snuffing camphor powder [126] is alone sufficient to cure megrims, the cause of which is in the nasal fosses. Injections of camphorated oil [153] will cure those cases, the cause of which is in the tympanum. Cures.—The number of cures has so augmented that I do not keep a reckoning any longer, nor ami consulted to treat such diseases. I can assure the public, that it would require a concurrence of extraordinary circumstances if the calming action of anodyne water did not produce its effect. Do not permit your children any longer to be treated by leaching, diet, and ice on the head, being all homicidal and disorganising agents. Try our treatment first, and if in ten minutes you do not perceive an improvement, you will have time enough to throw yourselves in the arms of the medical torture of the middle ages. Whitlow see felon G 78 318. Pain which stomach, cramps of the stomachs, bowel disea- ses, gastritis, gastralgia, bilious fevers, malignant fevers r TYPHOID GAS FEVER OR TIPHUS OF COLLEGES, PRISONS AND HOSPITALS. Causes—When the pain in the stomach is not produced by the acid or sharp quality of nutrition or beverage, it must be caused by the multiplication of vermicular ascarides or other worms. In bilious malignant typhus fever, the multiplication of the animated cause which invades the whole intestinal canal produces therein disorders of a progressive march following the- rule of compound interest. This fever, or rather vermicular disease is contagious in hospitals, prisons, colleges and wherever masses congregated together are nourished with insipid and indigestible food. Typhus fever extends its ravages quickerin hospitals and prisons owing to- the suppression of the use of tobacco; this vermifuge condiment of the soldier and poor man. Effects.—In stomach pains, commonly called indigestions and cramps of stomach or gastritis and gastralgia, acute and prolonged pricklings are felt in the stomach and often towards the heart. Horrible sufferings are felt when fasting, which are partially relieved by nutrition, but return during digestion. The evil is augmented by the use of mucilaginous and insipid medicines and the privation of condiments [41] and wine. At times a watery substance is felt coming up the throat and ejected with violent efforts. Typhus fever attacks suddenly at times, at others it is brought on by an irrational treatment and is characterized by black and fetid ejec- tions, stupor, delirium and brain fever, surexcitation succeeded by a state of atony and somnolence which terminates by death without agony. In other cases, typhus fever declares itself subsequently to an antiphologistic treatment with leeches, bleeding and sweetened diet. Typhus fever in our hospitals has no other cause. You are admitted to be cured of a megrim and die with typhus fever. No such results will be dreaded when they will have thought proper to admit the following treatment. Treatment.—The complete hyegenic treatment [262] is a preserva- tive against typhus fever; the-bad quality of food will create it sooner or later. At the first symptoms, surround the neck and wrists with cravats of anodyne water [169]; sprinkle the head with the same water, care being taken to proteet the eyes ; sprinkle the whole body and rub afterwards with camphorated ointment. [158]. Apply an- tivermicular poultices [166] on the belly. To grown persons administer 30 centigrammes of aloes [99] with herb broth and vermifuge injections [220]. To young children, in- stead of aloes, administer, at feast three times a day, a large spoonful of endive syrup [241]. Keep constantly near the mouth a large piece of camphor; endive tizane [241] with a small piece of cam- phor at each glass [122]. Relief will soon be felt; the patient must eat as soon as he feels an appetite and the next day he may attend to his business. It will oe easily understood that a cure is not effected so promptly when the disease is of a longer date or you have adopted the treatment too late , 73 but nevertheless success is infallible. Unless the intestines are dis- organized and decomposed this treatment cannot fail, and in such cases, no other method could be more successful. Cases cured.—1st. About a year ago^ the girl who furnishes our bread, a young and healthy woman, was found by her mistress, lying senseless on the floor, vomiting and ejecting blackish matter, with delirium and burning fever. Being laid in bedy the neck was sur- rounded and the head covered with compresses of anodyne water [169]; rubbing was continued until she recovered her senses, and camphor and aloes [99] were administered; this treatment was con- tinued, from time to time, during the night. The next day she brought the bread as usual, and although fatigued, was perfectly cured. In the neighborhood, about the same time,, a young woman wa« suddenly seized with the same symptoms. Being treated by the an- cient method, she d&d in three days. 2 ° . The son of a tobacco vendor in New Orleans street, (Petit Montrouge) had been confined to his bed during two months, and treated for typhus fever by the ancient method of severe diet. He was aged about 14 years, and an apprentice to the business. One even- ing, the father finding his position more critical sent for the physician, who on arriving declared he could not answer for his life. The father; as a last resource, hastened to consult us on what we would do in his place; we prescribed our treatment, without, however,, guarantying its success, owing to the advanced stage of the disease. The father understood our meaning, aud passed the night with his son, using pro- fusely anodyne water, rubbing with camphorated ointment, and ad- ministering camphor and aloes, and afterwards, every hour, a spoon- full of good broth. The next day the young man felt better; in eight days he walked in the street, and soon afterwards resumed his occu- pation. None would have believed he had been so near death, at the end of fifteen days; and the family acknowledges to every one, that without our treatment the boy would not have lived during the night. 3 ° . In May 1844, Anna Prevost aged 11 years, living with her family on the Orleans route No. 27, was seized with a general trouble, paleness of visage, violent pains in the epigastrium, fever, convulsive movements, nausea and slight vomiting. The physician being called, pronounced it typhus fever, and ordered a severe diet, twelve leeches at the anus, and a few days later twelve others on the side, calming beverage, softening poultices, &c. At the end often or twelve days, treatment, the father becoming alarmed at the rapid progress of the disease, gangrene having declared itself at the rectum, and the child on the point of dying of inanition, resolved to imitate his neighbor, the tobacco vendor, and requested our advice. We prescribed nearly the same treatment we have related above; and although it was fol- lowed on the first few days with a pardonable timidity, in a week the child had recovered some of her strength and health, and in one month her fine rosy cheeks, and her strong constitution were restored.— 80 Had our treatment been adopted the first day, the child would onlv have had a passing illness. 4°. I was called in the month of March, by Mr. Hiroux. a jewel- ler, living in Grenetat street, whose daughter had been seized with the same disease, he said, that had carried off another of his children, which fact had induced him to abandon applying to physicians. The young girl was about 13 years of age. I found her laboring under a severe case of typhus fever; burning head, agitated pulse, skin blackish, wild looks, no answers to questions propounded. I advised the father to follow the above recited treatment, being convinced it could not fail, although I gave it only as an advice. At the end of one month, she went into the country, and when, on her return, her father brought this young girl with rosy cheeks and fine health, she could not recollect having ever seen me any where. X. B.—When a physician will again term your disease typhus fever, answer: vermicular fever, and do not hesitate to treat your child, parent or friend in the manner we have described above. Never for- get that aromatic nourishment (41) and the use of generous wine will prevent such diseases. Spice well your food and do not feed your children on milk and sugar; such delicacies only nourish the worms which are gnawing their intestines. 319. DI8EA8ES OF THE CHEST, INFLAMMATION OF THE CHEST, PAIN IN THE SIDES, PLEURISY, NEGLECTED COLD, PHTHISIS. Causes.—When the blood congeals in the lungs, inflammation of the chest ensues; these congestions are caused by the action of cold, strong fever and inspirations of acid vapours. When the interior pulmonary surfaces are pricked by an inert or animated cause, there exists either cold, asthma, or catarrh. [See those headings],— When the exterior surface, the one in contact with the pleura thus transudes, a serous gathering is formed in the thoracic cavity, which produces at first, pain in the side, and is afterwards, sooner or later, transformed into a pleurisy, and even into emphyema, (a gathering of pus,) or into an emphysema, (an accumulation of gas]. The constant pricking of an animated cause, produce on the interna! surface of the lungs a formation of tubercles, a permanent germ of infection and disorganization of the lungs: it is then called phthisis* that terrible scourge, which the least accident may render incurable and lead to marasmus, to consumption, &c Effects.—In inflammation you are smothering; in pleuresy sharp sufferings are felt; neglected colds fatigue and exhaust by their effects. Phthisis has symptoms more perfidious: the multiplication of tubercles obstructs the capillaries and thus paralyzes the oxygenation of blood; when transudation takes place they become the focus of disorganization of the cellules of the lungs and occasion heavy losses of the substance designated under the name of cavernous.__ The patient languishes without suffering, becomes melancholy without lonesomeness; the spitting, at first white, spumous and pearly, turns, more and more, towards a coloring of bad omen and at the last stage 81 becomes of a greenish substance. Diarrhea begins with the dis- ease and augments progressively. Life is no longer any thing but an agony, without remorse or regret and death ensues in the pos- session ofthe full senses, either at the period when nature awakens or at the period it seeks repose. Treatment.—Inflammation of the lungs is checked by applying, from time to time, on the chest and between the two shoulders, poul- tices of salt and linseed sprinkled with anodyne water (167); change the poultice often, and at each time dry the skin and rub the whole body during twenty minutes, with camphorated ointment, (160).— From time to time, surround the neck with a cravat soaked in anodyne water [169]. Administer aloes every other day (99) and laxative in- jections (163) frequently; camphor three times a day (122). Pain in the side is relieved by applying on the seat of pain a com- press, well soaked in camphorated alcohol (139), and rubbing with camphorated ointment (158) Whenever you remove the poultice; use the camphor cigarette (131); take aloes (99). As to phthisis, our hyegenic regimen (262), and constant use of the camphor cigarette (131) will prevent it; beware of diet (257) or milk of any description. Aromatise all your food (41). Should any symp- toms appear, apply immediately around the neck and on the chest compresses of camphorated alcohol (139) ; multiply the camphorated frictions (160) after the anodyne water (177). Camphor three times a day (122) with a mouthful of hops water (226), or tar water (209). Constant use of camphor cigarettes (131), and cigarettes of campho- rated alcohol (269), if the patient could not inhale the first named.— Remain in your room or take a walk on a clear day; strong nourish- ment (41), a little at a time, but frequently. Vermifuge injections every day (220). 320. Disease of the matrix or uterine diseases. Causes.—Poisoning of the matrix either by an impure contact or the use of mercurial and poisoning medicines. Ulceration of the organ produced by the introduction of foreign bodies, and the invasion of vermicular ascarides. We shall only treat the last case of vermi- cular causes. Effects.—Prickings engendering lasciviousness, and afterwards white emissions and often red, mixed with clotted blood and at times with shreds of flesh. We often believe the presence of a cancer of the uterus instead of an ulceration produced by a mercurial treatment or other mineral medicines. Treatment.—Diseases of the uterus must be treated at the begin- ning, for otherwise we can only relieve. FrSquent injections of tar water (209) ; a more frequent introduc- tion of camphorated ointment (158); applications on the abdomen and loins of compresses, soaked in anodyne water (169) and saline poul- tices (167) alternately; sarsaparilla tizane with iodure of potassium (197), camphor three times a day (122) with each glass of tizane; endive water (226) in all your drinks; aloes (99) every four days and 82 camphor injections (163); frequent rubbing with camphorated oint- ment (160). The insipid and milky nourishment of the women* of our capital and their obscure and moist dwellings, are the principal causes of a great number of diseases of the matrix. Case cured.—In the month of March 1843, the family of Mr. Aubin, Tombe-Issoire street, brought their sister in-law, a young woman of about 30 years of age, who for five years had been handed from one physician to another, and who had been reduced at last, by a quack, to a most deplorable state. She could no longer stand on her legs, the weighing pain she felt in her abdomen paralizing her movements. Her pale and emaciated figure indicated the most acute internal suf- ferings. Her husband took the resolution of following our method above described, and at the end of two months his wife nad resumed her usual business which had been so long interrupted. 321. Cutaneous diseases: tetter, itch, roseolas, scalled head, leprosy, &c Causes.—Real cutaneous diseases are produced by the effects of a sub-cutaneons erosion, more or less deep, produced by verminous in- sects or larvas. Effects.—A sentiment of pricking from an insect; insupportable itching producing fever and sleeplessness. It is pretended that there is repercussion when the insect is driven from the surface by the force of medicine into the internal cavity of the organs. Treatment.—We must adopt a different mode of treatment for superficial diseases which have their seat immediately under the epi- dermic from that of diseases, whose ravages extend more profoundly into the substance of the skin. The itch and dried tetters are in the first category ; scall on the head, leprosy, quick tetters and impetigo are in the second. A superficial disease is cured in a few hours, or at the furthest in one night, if you can keep the invaded surface covered with a com- press of camphorated alcohol (139), or camphorated ointment (168). Thus when itch is confined only to the hands, keep them during the night in a hogs bladder containing camphorated alcohol (139); the 6ame treatment is applied for tetters on the hands. When the disease has invaded the whole skin, you must wash the body frequently with camphorated alcohol (139) ; take every day an anodyne alcalino fer- ruginous bath (107), and rub the body during twenty minutes, when " coming out of the bath, with camphorated ointment (160); sleep every night in a shirt, drawers and socks, greased with camphorated ointment (158) ; take camphor three times a day [122]; aloes every four days [99]; camphorated injections [163] from time to time. If the disease is deep, you must burn the invaded parts alternately with camphorated alcohol [139], and compresses of anodyne water— [169]. Apply afterwards poultices containing an equal quantity of kitchen salt and linseed, and sprinkled with anodyne water [169] ; use frequent gargles of salt water, with a few drops of camphorated 83 vinegar [247]. When poultices are removed, cover the invaded parts with lint pledgets, spread over with a large coating of cam- phorated ointment [158], and well sprinkled over with camphor powder [138], the whole being kept in its place by a cerecloth plaster [234]. Never let the surface be exposed to the air. Complete hye- genic regimen [262], and well spiced food [41]. I have seen impetigo of the face cured by a single application of salt satchels [168] appli- ed on the invaded surface. Against scall on the head of children or adults, same treatment. Cover the head with camphorated ointment [158], spread on lint pledgets [233], which are maintained with a cap of hogs bladder [238]; sprinkle the head previously with cam- phorated alcohol [139]and camphor powder. This dressing is to be renewed twice a day. Case cured.—We shall select the following example among a large number of cases, on account of the ravages it had made at the period we undertook the cure : Madam Milon, a young mother of family, who had had two children of fine health, the eldest aged 14 years, was brought to me in October 1843, by her husband, with the figure and the whole of her bust covered with thick coatings of the disease called impetigo figurata.— The tip of the nose and eyes were the only sound spots; the disease had invaded the whole head ; the falling off of each yellow crust was •accompanied with an emission of clear water. Since the 18th of the present month, the poor woman had passed from one physician's hand to another and the disease kept increasing. As a last resort she washed herself with Brocchieri water. The patient was discouraged, but resigned to undergo any treatment which might cure her. The sufferings she experienced by the application of camphorated alcohol on the denuded derm, none but herself could relate. Howe- ver, she did not waver an instant at the exigencies of our treatment; she burn herself and dressed her sores three times a day with cam- phorated ointment as stated above, and followed the complete campho- rated regimen (262); On the 1st December, only a small crust re- mained on the left cheek bone; at the end of January 1844, her skin had recovered its natural freshness and color and she was perfectly cured. She is now as well as ever. 2 °. I have cured in the same manner in 21 days, the young daughter of our baker, affected with impetigo in the face and several other persons in Montrouge. When cured, you must be careful to bleach or destroy all the clothing the patient has used. 3 ° . About two years ago, Madame Martin, wine vendor, on the Orleans route, aged about 40 years, of an athletic constitution, was affected with a prurigo which had resisted all treatments and had pro- duced an oedema in the legs. The itching was so insufferable, that at times she brought the skin off of her back with a knife, in order to rid herself by a wound of the suffering caused by the prurigo. Lotions of anondyne water, rubbing with the Camphorated ointment and the re- 84 mainder of the camphorated regimen, cured her inafhort tune of this troublesome disease and it never made its appearance again. 322. Secret or syphilitic diseases. Causes.—A communication by the contact of the mucous or excoriated skin of a virus, which begins to adhere only on certain parts, but which progressively invades the whole system, unless me- dicine arrests its progress. The localisation and certain character* of its ravages would appear to indicate the work of an animated cause, which would, at least, be the propagating and innoculating cause of the virus. Effects.—Bumps, red spots on the body ; -pimples of a violet red with a green ring of a bad omen, assuming, according to the sur- face, varied forms, such as : bubos, chancers, cock's crest, &c. attlie anus or around the genital parts ; ulceration of a noxious nature, white swelling in the mouth, repulsive breath ; bubos and enlarge- ment of the lymphatic ganglions especially on the groins; embarrassed and painful muscular movements. The results of those abominable mercurial treatments are often attributed to the progress of the di- sease/ Beware ! Remember that you are not always sound when you believe yourself cured, and that your wife will bear the evils of your ancient vices ! Preventive treatment.—Whenever you have had a suspicious contact, wash yourself with tar water (209) if you have it at hand. Immediately afterwards envelop the parts externally or internally, according to sexes, with camphor powder (126), the small burning of which you must brave, the pain not lasting more than a few mi- nutes : drink afterwards a glass of sugared water sprinkled over with camphor and two or three drops of ether. By continuing this treatment you are nearly sure of preventing the disease and arres- ting the invasion at its passage. Curative treatment. Should the infection have already inva- ded the system, you must have recourse to the curative treatment. Any body thus diseased, is authorised by me, to accuse of poisoning either by imprudence or by ignorance those who employ a mercurial treatment either internally or externally, (51) and must prohibit under oath, such a treatment to his physician. If the patient is inclined to treat himself, he will be more certain of a cure, by following the subjoined treatment: Take three times a day 25 centigrammes of camphor (122) with a glass of tizane of sarsaparilla ioduree [197.] Tar water in all lever- ages [209]. Keep the parts continually enveloped with camphorated ointment [158] or camphor powder [126] by means of an hogs bladder or caout- chouc bag. 85 Morning and evening bathe the parts in the following bath • Tar water (209).....1 litre.' Anodyne water [169] .... 2 glasses. Kitchen salt......1 handful Inject in the parts, alternately, tar water [209] and cam- phorated oil (151). Aloes every four days. Frequent vermifuoe in- jections [220] ; frequent lotions with camphorated alcohol [143] all over the body and rubbing during 20 minutes with camphorated oint- ment (158). r Constant use of camphor cigarettes (131). Blotches, eruptions, excresences, white swellings of the mouth, must be burned at any price, with small compresses of camphorated alcohol [143] secured by a plaster of serecloth [234], Renew the same application until the eruption falls off in a crust. If the skin be covered with blotches, sleep in a shirt, drawers and hose greased with camphorated oint- ment [158]. r Strong and spiced food [41] and generous wine. Anodyne water (169) against fever. J Cases cured.—It will be easily conceived that in these cases we shall omit proper names. However, cures have been so frequent that every body may easily satisfy themselves on this score. The cure is complete and certain whenever the patient has had the good luck of not being subjected to a mercurial treatment: in such cases healino- requires a longer time. In fifteen days we have cured a jeweller whose body was covered with blotches of a five cent piece in circumference, and when he came to visit us, his skin was as clean as before. Our friends are well acquainted with the case of Mr. N. . . who had been treated Vy diet and gum waters which had produced a disease of the chest which caused serious apprehensions. His body was covered with red blotches and gave all the signs of having a suspicious emission; he could no lon- ger stand on his legs. To withdraw him from his parents and the physician, his friends pretented that the country air would be bene- ficiaL When there, I subjected him to the whole of the above treatment and the first day I made him dine with us and drink and eat as if in good health. At the end of twenty days we brought him back to his family well cured. The physician has always believed that the air of the country, diet and milk had effected this marvellous change. Masturbation see Priapism. 323. Sea sickness. Causes.—Sea sickness is caused by the void produced by inspira- tion in the chest and stomach, owing to the rolling movement of the ship. Treatment.—Use the camphor cigarette (131) and camphor (122) to maintain the power of inspiration; rubbing with camphorated alco- hol (143) or cologne water, on the pit of stomach. Embark fasting and take a good breakfast when at sea; drink generous wine. H 86 324. Glanders of horses and men who dress them. Causes.—The invasion of the nasal fauces and bridge of the palate by miscroscopic worms or larvas, which by innoculating their poisoned virus in the flesh infect the blood and terminate by producing death and propagating the contagion around this focus of infection. Effects.—Slimy sanies at first, turning afterwards to a colour of bad omen, which continually runs out of the horse's nasals, short-win- ded and dry cough ; torpor and laziness in every movement. This di- sease is communicated to those who ride or treat those animals, either by the inoculation of the purulent effects, or by the communication of the morbid cause. Man will fall in a drowsiness and stupor ; light fevers followed by atony ; eruptions of pimples in the nasal fauces ; the mouth and body easily decomposed ; death ensues in three or four days, if treated by the ancient method. Preventive treatment.—Change the wooden manger for a stone one; block up all the holes in the floor ; white wash the walls every year ; wash the floor often with chloride of lime; clean the ceihng from spiders ; burn tobacco or odoriferous herbs often in the stables. When the groom sleeps above, oblige him to scrub his room and keep the walls well cleaned and to sleep in a hammoc instead of a bed. Never prevent him from smoking. He should wash his body morning and evening with camphorated alcohol. Curative Treatment.—The moment a horse has the least run- ning at the nose, inject turpentine oil (155) in the nasals and after- ward strong ta* water [2091; rub the head with turpentine oil (155) or with camphorated alcohol (139). Against fever, anodyne water (169). Injections with saturn water and turpentine (155); adminis- ter the same water as a drink. This treatment is to be followed until all the symptoms have disappeared. Persons attending on those animals must wash their hands, before and after dressing, with camphorated alcohol [139] or essence of urpentine [155]; they must either smoke tobacco or inhale the cam- phor cigarrette [131]; inspire through the nose camphorated alcohol (139); mixed with twenty times the quantity of water ; take camphor three times a day [122]; frequent purging with aloes (99); vermi- fuge injections from time to time (220.) Whenever you perceive the invasion of disease, burn the eruptions with camphorated alcohol [139], and wash the body with camphorated vinegar diluted in a sufficient quantity of water (247). Frequent injections in the nose with camphorated alcohol, diluted in water [139];gargles with same water ; vermifuge injections (221); anodyne water [169] on the head and around the neck ; frictions [160]. * Case cured.—The horse of a fruit vendor near our house fell sick; the nasals were running. The veterinary surgeon being con- sulted asserted the disease to be fcaused by the blood and humours, and consequently bled him at the foot, applied poultices and setons.__ Being consulted, I declared it to be a case of glanders, and requested the neighbors to be on their guard and the proprietor to wash his 87 hands, in the manner above given, each time he touched his horse.— Another veterinary surgeon being consulted, recommended to kill the horse, although not attacked with glanders. In the meantime they had commenced the application of our treatment, although timidly and economically. Nobody contracted the disease. The horse was after a few days put to work, and dressed only once in 24 hours, the running continuing; this fact was hidden by covering the nose with a rush muzzle. The police inspector's suspicions having been aroused by this precaution, he arrested the cart in one of the streets and sent the horse to the slaughter house, as being diseased with glanders. A cure would have been perfected had the treatment been regular- ly followed. Besides the horse hauled the cart from Paris to Melun as if in good health. Muguet [small], see measles. Relief to drowned persons, see Asphyxy. Nymphomania, see diseases of the matrix. Obstructions in the liver, see jaundice. Chirurgical operations, see wounds. Opthalmia, see eyes. Oppression of the chest, see catarrh. 325. Ear, (diseases of], tinglings, diminution of hearing. Causes.—The introduction in the external and internal auditory tubes of a foreign body, of a germinating grain, of an insect [lice, fleas or worms] who often prick and gnaw the cartilage and bone. Tinglings and diminution of hearing are often caused by the intro- duction of au intestinal worm in Eustache's tube, in other words, the internal auditory tube which opens behind the bridge of the palate.— It is also caused by the compression exerted on this valve by the unusual development of the tonsils or of the adjacent lymphatic ganglions. Effects.—We have seen cases where the introduction of a flea in the auditory tube has produced such a violent fever, that it nearly approached delirium and fury. Treatment.—Introduce camphorated oil (153] in the external au- ditory tube which is maintained by a cotton, wad. This is sufficient to kill or expel the insect, unless it has penetrated in the interior tem- poral bones, where the oil will be longer in reaching it. Should the pain continue, place behind the ears compresses of anodyne water [169]. When pain has disappeared, wash the auditory tube with tar water [209]. If those means fail, you must have recourse to a sur- geon to probe and extract the foreign body. For the cure of tinglings in the ear, produced by the swelling of the tonsils, we refer to arti- cle glainds [306]. Cigar smoke or the use of the camphor cigarette will often be sufficient to disencumber the internal auditory tube of the worms which invaded it. ss OsTEOSARCOM.1, see RED tumours of bones. Pale color, see jaundice. Palpitations, see heart. 326. Felon. Causes.—The introduction of a splinter, a foreign body, an insect or worm under the nail, under the root of the nail or in the last arti- culation of the finger. Effects.—Lacerating pains which produce fever and sleepless- ness, inflammation of the affected finger, abcess, which treated by the old method always leaves more or less deep traces of its ravages and often deforms the finger. We have even seen some cases terminating by the amputation of the finger. Treatment.—Surround the diseased finger with linen bands soaked in camphorated alcohol [139]; place the finger thus dressed in a glove or hog's bladder [238] tied around the wrist. Fever imme- diately ceases, as if by enchantment. Introduce camphorated alcohol in the glove finger whenever you feel the linen drying, and the shoot- ing pain renewed. At the end of two or three days the skin will burst, dry up and come off of the invaded parts. At this period alco- hol produces a pricking sensation. Remove the dressing, wash the finger well with tar water [209], and instead oLcamphorated alcohol [i:»n], camphorated ointment [158] only is to be applied; surround the finger with lint pledgets [233], covered with a large coating of camphorated ointment [158], secured by linen bands [231] and cover- ed by a glove as above stated, and as soon as you feel by a slight itching that the lint is dry, introduce in the glove camphorated oil [153]. By this treatment, especially if administered in time, healing takes place without any disfiguration. Cases cured.—1st. Mrs. Mainbceuf, our neighbor, brought me her son, afflicted with a whitlow at the finger, which had been treated by poultices. The child could scarcely endure the pain any longer. I dressed the finger, in presence of the mother, in the manner above stated. Fever suddenly ceased and the shooting pains were removed. The child was cured without suffering any pain and dressed his finger himself. 2 ° . Mr. Levee, seed vendor, living at No. 20, Tombe-Issoire street, was brought to me, afflicted with a whitlow on the fore-finger already advanced to its last period; the hand was much swollen and benumb- ed ; the finger presented many black spots which had the appearance of gangrene. I dressed the finger every day in the manner above described, and afterwards, when the proper time had arrived, I extract- ed with the scissors the skin of the whole finger; the nail fell. I appli- ed compresses of anodyne water on the swollen hand. Fever disap- peared at the first dressing and at this moment the finger bears ao trace of such a deep ravage. 89 227. Palsy, general or partial of one side of the body, (hemi- plegy) of inferior limbs, (paraplegy). Treatment.—The same treatment as for apoplexy. Every body in the village knows a middle aged man, living on his income, who was deprived of the use of his limbs and obliged to walk with crutches. The use of anodyne water, rubbing and alcalino-ferrugi- nous baths [107] have had such a beneficial influence on his limbs, that at the end of three months he was seen walking with only the assistance of a cane. I have at this moment, under treatment, several children attacked with paraplegy, and I entertain strong hopes of cur- ing them with the progress of age. Men hung, (relief to), see Asphyxy. Seminal losses, see Priapism. Phlegmon, see Pimples. Bite of insects and reptiles, see urticaria. 328. Priapism, seminal and involuntary losses, Onanism. Causes.—The invasion of the genital organs of adults and young children, principally by vermicular ascarides, the prickings of which excite, before age or necessity, desires which produce in children as well as in old men this departure from nature so degrading the moral and besotting the physical system. These poor young beings who are led by the itching to have recourse to a friction which may relieve them, contract a habit which becomes fatal when nature claims her right. Treatment.—The physical spasm and moral lubricity will disap- pear by enveloping the genital organs with a thick coating of camphor powder (126) : add to this the use of camphor cigarettes (131) and the remainder of our hyegenic regimen (262). Every evening sprin- kle over the sheets or between the mattrasses camphor powder (126). Strong and aromatic food. We would recommend this precaution to fathers of families and superintendents of boarding schools and semi- naries, or, finally, whenever young children are congregated together. Polish plica, see cutaneous diseases. [They are treated as scalled head of children]. 329. Pylorus. Many cases of pylorus have assumed this character by the old treatment; in their incipiency they were, very often,only a vermi- cular stomach pain. In such cases, follow the treatment indicated under the article of stomach pains [318]. Relief will be obtained when the pylorus opening is not completely obstructed, by constant applications of poultices well sprinkled over with anodyne water on the right side of the belly, and the remainder of the preventive treat- ment [262]. 90 330. Rachitis or softening of the bones. Causes.—The bones soften, because the development of an acid counteracts the regular calcareous deposit in the tissues of the bones — This effect has for a first cause, either a weak and debilitated organi- sation, the unhappy boon of irregular habits, imprudence, mental afflic- tions or privations of parents, or by a constant habit of living amidst vapours and miasmatic acids, and deprived of the renovating influence of the sun's rays, or finally by the parasital influence of an animated cause which disorganises and decomposes. Effects.—According to the laws of specific gravity and muscular antagonism, the softened portions must give way, a fact which pro- duces those multitudinous malformations of bones which present such a ideous spectacle of a being created in the image of God! We cannot repair an accomplished effect, art cannot rebuild the or- gans ; but we may prevent, diminish the effects and arrest their pro- gressive march. Treatment.—Wash the body frequently with campherated alcohol [139] or cologne water, but especially on the limbs threatening to soften. Frequent rubbings with camphorated ointment [160], and, afterwards with anodyne Water [169]. Aromatic regimen [262]. This treatment has a marked efficacy on the children grow- ing up. To this you must add appropriate orthopedic dressings, which must never torture the patient. There are gymnastic exercises which tear the lungs and wound; never allow a patient with bent bedy to suspend himself by his hands. The dressing must direct the devel- opment of the organ, but never force nature. Examples of this treatment.—Among other children under treat- ment, I will cite the case of Mr. Mansuy's son, a school-master. The parents are very healthy. The child could not carry the weight o€ his body on his legs, and rather creeped than walked. I had a pair of steel bootees manufactured by Mr. Grandcollo, orthopedist, No. 29, Grenelle Saint-Honore street and prescribed the above treatment.— . With those bootees he could walk without any support. It is now one year since he has been subjected to this treatment,.and when brought to me the other day, he walked in plain shoes and had only a slight weakness in the ancles. I have recommended the further use of the bootee, and to continue the treatment. This child is now aged four years, and we have strong reasons to believe that in two or three years no trace of his affliction will remain. 331. hydrophobia. Causes.—The invasion of a nervous centre, and in dogs, of the tongue string, by an insect, a microscopic ascaris, a large or small worm. The inoculation of the rabid virus produces the same effects as the parasital insect. Effects.—A repugnance for water, accesses of rage which induce the patient to bite, against his will, all those who surround him; foam- ing mouth, convulsions which terminate by death in the most horrible 91 agonies. Rabia remains lurking in the system for an indefinite period, without the appearance of any symptoms. Treatment.—The moment a person has been bitten by a mad dog or one whom you suspect on the point of becoming so, you must im- mediately kill him, in order to prevent the influence which such an object would have on the patient. Cover the bite immediately with compresses of anodyne water [i 69], whatever maybe the burning pain experienced. When the linen dries up, sprinkle camphor pow- der [126] over the wound; cover it with lint pledgets [233], on which you have placed a coating of camphorated ointment [158], the whole maintained in its proper place by bands. Apply compresses of anodyne water [169] ; sprinkle the head over with the same water [169], and whenever he opens the mouth to bite, throw the following paste between his teeth: Garlic,.....2 heads, Onion,.....1 do. Camphor,.....2 grammes. The whole to be reduced in powder and kneaded with a sufficient quantity of castor oil. During the time you prepare this paste, throw camphor powder [126] in his mouth. Administer a bath and after coming out rub the whole body with camphorated ointment [158], and continue the lotions of anodyne water on the head and body until he becomes quiet. Purge him then with castor oil [195], and administer vermifuge injections [222]. Use also frequent saturations of cam- phorated alcohol [130]. 330. Menstrual, (suppression and irregularity of). The use of aloes [99], every four days, especially when the period is at hand, will alone be sufficient to bring them back or regulate the period. To this must be added the hyegenic regimen [262]. 332. Rhumatisms. Causes.—Cold; suspended transpiration; a sudden transition from heat to cold. The introduction in the muscular tissues of a sharp foreign body or of a worm. This last case is accompanied by shoot- ing pains. Employ the same treatment as for incomplete apoplexy. Applica- tion of anodyne water compresses [169], on the rhumatismal region, during ten minutes, three times a day; rub afterwards during twenty minutes with camphorated ointment [158]. Cold, see catarrh. Roseola, see cutaneous diseases. Measles, scarlatina, small pox, muguets, morbus sudatorius Causes.—A virus infiltrated in the dermis by the cutaneous ope- ration of an undetermined insect, which might possibly be a digging ascans. 92 Effects.—In scarlatina, eruption of semi spheric pimples, red, isolated but crowded:—In measles, regular eruption of pimples, thick and much more numerous ;—In small pox, an eruption of pu- rulent pimples, isolated and thickening on a red ground ;—In muguet eruption of yellow pimples ; In morbus sudatorius, an eruption ac- companied with transudation. AH the above diseases are ushered in by chills and fever, which prostrate the patient and threaten a repercussion in the respiratory and intestinal organs and an infec- tion of the sanguine system. Treatment.—Whenever the eruption commences hasten to wash the whole body with anodyne water (169) and rub the whole surface with camphorated ointment (158). Spread camphor powder [126J between the mattrass and sheets ; administer a piece of camphor the size of a pea three times a day (122) with a bowlful of borage ti- zane hot [212], and from time to time hot tar water [209]. From time to time wash the body with camphorated alcohol or cologne water [139]; use constantly the camphor cigarette (131); if the child is too young, keep a large piece of camphor near the mouth (131); administer every four days aloes [99] or a large spoonful of endive sy- rup[241]; and every morning administer a vermifuge injection (120). The patient must keep his clothes night and day well greased with camphorated ointment [158]. The face must be covered over with lint pledgets plastered over with camphorated ointment [158], over which you sprinkle camphor powder (126), the whole to be kept in place by a paper mask. Keep the hands in gloves filled with cam- phor ointment (158). Aromatic nourishment and generous wine (141). When the skin is raw and the treatment has been com- menced at a late period, wash the surface with milk warm tar water (209),and cover with camphorated ointment (160); the whole to be free from the contact of air or light. In following the above treatment, disease will be checked if taken in its incipiency ; later a cure would also be perfected, scarcely lea- ving any traces of its ravages. Bleeding at the nose or epistaxis see hemorrhage. Satyriasis see priapism. Scrofula see Kings' evil. Strangulation see asphyxy. Syphilis see secret diseases. 334. Scurvy. Causes.—The invasion of the gums and buccal walls either by fresh water worms (land scurvy) or salt water worms, (sea scurry) which disorganise the tissues and poison the liquids of the system. Effects.—It will be easily perceived that the symptoms of the !; disease vary according to the period of its invasion and the mode in which it has been treated. The gums are gnawed up, the teeth 93 become loose in their sockets, fetid breath, the patient falls in a tor- por, followed by fever, and dies by decomposition with atony. Treatment.—Land air and water salad will cure sea scurvy; a voyage on the seas will cure land scurvy. Captain Barraud informed us that boiled potatoes, and more especially when raw, preserved seamen from scurvy, the only drawback against this preservative agent being its liability to decomposition during a long voyage. Ho- wever, our camphorated treatment is much more superior, requiring only a small medical chest and acting with much more rapidity. Wash your mouth often with brandy in which you have dissolved two centigrammes of camphor, and drink the brandy if you are used to such liquors. Females may use cologne water, mixed with water instead of brandy. Take afterwards aloes (99) and vermifuge in- jection (220); wash the body alternately with camphorated alcohol (139) and anodyne water (169) or with camphorated vinegar (247), diluted in water ; mash camphor under your teeth and snuff the same ; smoke tobacco or inhale the camphor cigarette (131); sprinkle the hammock and your clothes with camphor powder (126); aromatized food [41] and generous wine; take also the anti-scorbutic syrup [237]. I have known several captains of vessels send orders to Mr. Colas our druggist for large medical chests containing our pharmacopi®. SCALLED HEAD see TETTERS. Tetanus see convulsions and wounds. humming noise in the ears see ears. 334. Tumors. The name of tumor is applied to all swellings of the skin or of the surface of anjorgan, occasioned either by the gathering, more or less deep, of a liquid, or by a foreign body which seeks an egress, or by the development of organised tissues. 335. PURULENT TUMORS. Causes.—The presence of an inert or animated foreign body, or the rupture fof a sanguinolent vessel, in a muscular organ, which produces at this spot a decomposition which often survives the dis- apearance of the cause. Effects.—The pulse beats quicker; liquid tumors fluctuate under the pressure of fingers ; burning fever, shooting pains, loss of appetite; paleness, and progressive debility. Treatment.—When taken early all those symptoms will be checked by simple applications of camphorated alcohol compresses [139]. When you cannot obtain this result, you must, as soon as possible, have the bistoury introduced in the tumor. Press the sac with the finger in order to remove the contents, and inject it with camphorated oil (151) which you force out in the same way ; wash the wound carefully with milk warm tar water (209); draw the flesh together and apply the same dressings as prescribed for wounds (271), 91 ,' and follow exactly the treatment indicated in said article. Should ' there be found a foreign body in a tumor, you must have it extracted by the usnal means in such cases. 336. White tumors of the joints. j! Causes.—An unusual development of the articular cartilage, brought on by the presence of a foreign body or by the erosion of a larva. Effects.—Tumefaction of the articulations, progressive debility of the limb below the tumefaction ; progressive weakness of the nerves when not at right angle ; insufferable fever at the commencement and afterwards total absence of pain. This disease generally makes its appearance at the knee. Treatment.—Apply compress of anodyne water, three times a day, on the whole tumor, which must remain during 20 minutes; af- terwards dress with camphorated ointment (160), which you secure by bands and a large plaster of agglutinative linen (234). Apply compresses of anodyne water (169) below and above the pain. Keep • the limb at the same temperature. Drink ioduro-rubiacee tizane (198) during six days, and even ten if it does not affect; cease then for some days. Wash the whole body with anodyne water (169) and rub during twenty minutes with camphorated ointment (160). Follow the whole hyegenic regimen (262). Case cured.—Mrs. Stoeble, aged 25 years, living at No. 3 Es- trapade street, a married woman without children, was seized with a pain in the knee which gave rise to serious fears. The attending physician despairing of success, recommended she shoul he removed to the hospital, in Mr. Bouillaud's ward. The treatment in such cases having been exhausted without any success, Mr. Bouillaud at last declared she was affected with a white swelling. She left the hospital and was brought to my house in a cab. The leg was bent and in such a debilitated state that one might have supposed there remained nothing but skin on the bone; the limb was cold to the touch. I informed the patient that I was of opinion the limb would ( require amputation. To this she answered she would never consent. I was thus compelled to have recourse to my treatment. I went every day to renew the dressing until she could apply it herself. ^ After a few days, the limb recovered heat, on the first day fever had been susperceded by sleep. At the end of the month, she visited me, :! walking on crutches. I sent her to Burgundy, where a young phy- . sician, a friend to progress, undertook to continue the treatment she ; had begun in Paris. At the end of three months she returned to Paris walking without the assistance of crutches. At this period a small hard tumor the size of a pigeon egg, protruded at the head of the tibiae, below the knee joint. I applied caustic on this tumor, which soon caused it to disappear. At the end of six months' treat- ment Mrs. Stoeble walked as well as if she never had labored under a white swelling. > 95 337. Tumors of the bones or exostosis, Exostosis very often supervenes without pain or symptoms. There would often be danger in using the bistoury or cautery in such diseases. Every one will then have to treat according to particular indications. This bony developement may be prevented by the application of compresses of camphorated vinegar (247) diluted with water and anodyne water (169); but more especially by the use of ioduro-rubia- cee tizane (198). 337. Red tumors, partly fleshy and partly bony (osteocope) Causes.—This disease has the same causes as white tumors, but has its centre of action in the binding points of the muscles. Effecis.—The development resulting from this action affects equally the bony and fleshy nature. Coloring of the flesh, red tu- mor and bony hardenings. Treatment.—The same as for white swellings, with this difference that you must expect the tumor will soften and present sooner or later fluctuating characters with a tendency to resolve the osteocope in pus. When this happens, apply a plaster of serecloth (234) on the tu- mor ; this will be sufficient to bring it to a head. On the following day, if the tumor has not broken out, apply the bistoury, extract the pus and wash the interior with camphorated oil [153] and tar water (209). Apply the same dressing as for wounds [271] and adopt our aromatic regimen [262]. Case cured.—Mr. Liguet, a blacksmith, was brought to me at the end of December 1843, in a high state of fever and marasmus, which announced severe sufferings. The left leg was bent at right angles with a lump on the knee which presented the characters and color, the adherence and hardness of an osteocope. This lump had formed itself subsequent to an application of leeches which had been ordered on this point to appease the insufferable osteocopic pains which attacked him every evening. The tumefaction had reached the joint and extended from the internal tuberosity of the head of the tibia down to Achilles tendon. I tried the effects of ioduro-rubiacee tizane [198] on this patient, for the first time. On the 4th January, the bump had softened and the 5th a fluctuation was manifest. The tumor round- ed and ascended under the ham, but the foot was infiltrated. I request- ed the assistance of Mr. Veyne to operate, and applied in the mean time, a plaster of serecloth on the softened surface. On the morning of the 7th January, I was informed the tumor was beginning to break out. I requested to have a bath ready for five in the evening. At that hour, Mr. Veyne and myself visited the patient; when we re- moved the serecloth plaster, a jet of pus issued out and continued running as if from a fountain. We immediately placed the patient in the bath and pressed the scar with our fingers until emptied; nearly four pounds of matter came out. When removed from the bath, we injected the wound with camphorated oil [153] several times, and 9G ngain pressed the scar with the fingers. Having brought the tte^h together we covered the tumor with lint pledgets, on which camphor- ated ointment had been placed, and sprinkled camphor powder over it; the whole was covered with bands soaked in camphorated alcohol.— The next day we returned to remove the dressing and make a larger issue to pus, the patient having dreaded the application of the bistoury the previous day. Whilst I amused the patient, Mr. Veyne, incised the skin from the lower end to the upper part; we again repeated the injections of camphorated oil, and after bringing the flesh together, we dressed the wound as above, three times a day, without paying any other attention to the wound. The next day the flesh adhered in part, and cicatrisation progressed henceforth regularly. The patient cat and slept on the second day of the operation. On the first of March he had resumed his avocation and is now a healthy man. Cancerous and scirrhous tumors, see cancer. 339. Encephaloid tumors of the joints. Causes.—The parasitical effect of one of those larvas whose pre- sence induces a development of superfetation of the organs. Effects.—Osteocopic pains at the commencement which deprive the patient of rest. The head of the invaded bone becomes tumefied and shortly after protrudes outside; this protruding action augments daily and terminates by enveloping the muscles and condensing the skin ; the muscles continue their functions, for they are not interested in the progress of this development; the drawing up of the skin produces in the neigborhood of the sound parts red blotches, diverging and resembling a knife blade, which indicate better than any other symptom, the nature of an encephaloid tumor. Whenever the cancer advances, the patient feels a tearing sensation which causes exclama- tions of suffering. Treatment.—When the disease is taken in its infancy and scien- tifically treated, we have a chance of success. You must attempt to burn the point which seems the seat of disease, with Vienna caustic [285]; apply afterwards the same dressing as for wounds [271]. If the surgeon is called in later, he must cut the skin the whole length of the encephaloid tumor up to the pedicle, which, is cut open ; the tumor is thus removed without trouble, having no other adhesion.__ The skin must be brought over the muscles and the whole dressed as in cases of exostosis and tumors brought to a head. If called only when the head of the bone, in which the tumor is seated, is disorganised, amputation alone will cure the patient of a development which exhausts and cripples him. When amputation is performed ap- ply the dressing we have described under the head of wounds [271]. At the commencement of disease adopt the hyegenic regimen [262] and the use of ioduro-rubiacee tizane [198]. Example of this treatment.—Mr. d:Ourches, brought me in the spring of 1843, a young journeyman, affected with an encephaloid 97 tumor at the elbow, which appeared bent. This tumor invaded the arm, from above the wrist to the elbow and half way from the elbow to the shoulder, without deranging the play of the muscles; the emaci- ated hand had its complete movement. One of the hospital surgeons declared he would amputate the arm in eight days; another, that un- less amputated, he would die in less than three months from fever and dysentery. The young man obstinately refused amputation. I only consented to apply my treatment if assisted by two surgeons—my re- quest was granted. We examined the patient; one of the surgeons pronounced the existence of caries in the bones apd a purulent gather- ing in the enormous swelling; the other would not give his opinion. My opinion was that we had before us, a tumor of an encephaloid na- ture, the pedicle of which was implanted on the external side of the elbow bone; and that by cutting the skin the whole length of the tu- mor, it would be easily extracted, the pedicle separated; that caustic should be applied and the skin replaced in its proper place by my dres- sing , positively assuring them the patient would be saved from the effectB of amputation, fever and dysentery. My advice was not fol- lowed, and they decided on making an experimental incision and give an egress to pus:—one of them plunged the bistoury in the fistule above the tryceps and made an opening through and through the arm ; blood only came out instead of pus; they passed a seton in the fistule, That same evening, in presence of one of them, I injected one of the fistules and demonstrated the subcutaneous communications of the tumor. Although my treatment had been rejected, I nevertheless continued attending to the patient's general health. I placed him un- der the camphorated regimen [262] ; the day previous the urine was as red as brick, but the following day it had regained its limpi- dity.. Anodyne water [169] cured him of fever; the camphorated re- gimen arrested the dysentery. Every day the young man injected the subcutaneous fistules with camphorated oil [153]; every evening he dressed the wound with the camphorated ointment [160], which was kept in place by a plaster of serecloth [234] and applied around bands soaked in camphorated alcohol [139]. After a few days, the lump had diminished instead of augmenting. I ordered him to burn the wound daily, but he superficially cauterised it. His health was good during more than a year, until an accident and circumstances compelled me to receive visits no longer. I cite this fact to prove the power of our treatment against the ef- fects of such developments on the system. Neither fever, dysen- tery nor redness of the urine, which so much frighten surgeons, and lead the timid to operate sooner, made their appearance during a whole year. Had we been permitted to have recourse to other bur- geons who would have been willing to adopt our treatment, we would have cured the tumor and the patient would have been enabled to use the diseased arm as well as the other. I 98 340. Ulcers, Fbtula, Gangrene Causes.—A decay of the flesh caused by the local infection either of an envenomed and neglected sore, or of a debilitated and lymphatic constitution, and oftener by the application of mercurial and arsenical ointments. Effects.—The wound forms proud flesh of a purulent and fetid nature; and when the pus assumes a malignant character, the surface blackens and threatens decomposition by gangrene. Treatment.—Inject the fistules with camphorated oil [153]; press afterwards until well cleaned out; bring the flesh together by means of bands impregnated with camphorated alcohol [139]. For ulcers follow the treatment ordered for common sores. See wounds [271]. Under the head of poisoning,we have indicated themanner of treating mercurial ulcers [51]. Gangrene is arrested by sprinkling the wound with camphorated alcohol [139], notwithstanding the pain it creates ; cover afterwards the surface with a thick coating of camphor powder [126], over which you apply lint pledgets covered with camphorated ointment [160] ; the whole to be kept in place by bands [231] soaked in camphorated alcohol [139]. Adopt the camphorated regimen [262]; vermifuge injections [220]; wash the body frequently with campho- rated alcohol [139] or cologne water, and rub afterwards during twen- ty minutes with camphorated ointment [160]. Ioduro-rubiacee tizane [198] during two or three days. Cure effected by this treatment.—Mr. Berbiguier, aged 83 years, consulted me for a gangrenous sore on the left side of the calf of the leg which had existed for two years. No physician would un- dertake the cure. I applied the same dressing as for common sores. Shortly afterwards the crust fell and presented a large cicatrix which 1 continued to dress in the same manner; the surface presented a fa- vorable appearance, but the leg became swollen; The patient remain- ed in his bed and took morning and evening a bath composed of elder water, kitchen salt and anodyne water [169]. In four days the swel- ling had disappeared. By this treatment our patient has recovered the use of his limb and he continues hiB foot baths from time to time. He is now enjoying fine health. 341. Urine, (incontinency of,) children pissing in bed ; precoci- ous HABITS OF YOUTH, URINE CONTAINING SEDIMENTS. Causes. —The greater part of these causes are produced by the in- troduction of vermicular ascarides in the genital organs, where, by their constant titillation, they may produce the most disgusting physical and moral disorders, according to the region invaded. Treatment.—Complete hyegenic regimen [262]; keep the parts surrounded either with camphor powder [126] or camphorated oint- ment [158], especially during the night. Adults must use frequeat injections of tar water (109), and camphorated oil (151). Sleep ia 99 the hyegenic drawers mentioned in article Priapism (328). Sprinkle the sheets and mattrass every evening with camphor powder (126).— This treatment will soon produce good effects. The loins and digestive organs would be seriously affected if Urine containing sediments was not rendered limpid in the space of one night, by taking internally camphor three times a day (122.) 342. Urticaria ; produced by the ingestion of muscels, bar- bel eggs. Biting of wasps, bees, scorpions, cellar spiders, VIPERS, &C. Effects.—Poisoning of the blood by the acidity of the venom infiltrated in the capillary system, producing congestion, swelling and cutaneous eruptions. The ingestion of muscels and barbel eggs pro- duce the above symptoms in a few minutes ; the body becomes co- vered with small horned papulae which render the skin as rough as sea dog skin; in the midst of these papulae liquid vesicles are formed and the disease progressively invades the whole body from head to foot. The bite of wasps, spiders, and vipers produces a swelling and oedema which progressively invades the external or internal surfa- ces ; fever and delirium make their appearance shortly afterwards, and if the patient is not promptly relieved, death often ensues. Treatment.—You must immediately wash the whole invaded surface with anodyne water (169) and cover it with compresses of same water. Administer to the patient a glass of sugared water, with a few drops of anodyne water (169) and as much borage tea, alka- ised with the same water, as he can drink. By this treatment urticaria is cured in ten minutes. A bite must be immediately covered with compresses of anodyne water (169) whatever may be the pain produced. See a case of this nature under the head Pimple (281). 343. Intestinal worms. Every animal has in its system gnawing worms, which are ejected by the same means we employ, when their multiplicity is augmented. Man cannot altogether escape the parisital law which induces smaller animals to devour larger ones and be destroyed in their turn. Those who smoke and habltualy drink alcoholic liquors are less affected with them; women and especially children are more troubled with them on account of their insipid, watery and sugared nourishment. Those which most generally invade the s\stem when you do not fol- low th3 antivermicular regimen, (262) are vermicular ascarides resem- bling a white thread and having a sharp tail; the lumbrical ascarides vvhich might be taken for ground worms if they had hair on the ring*. 100 I have seen children between three and four years of age eject a» many as thirty of this last description. These worms, especially the vermicular ascarides, may introduce themselves in the whole length of the intestinal tube, in the stomach, the oesophagus, the larynx, the wind pipe, and lungs, in the nostril.*, Gustave's tube &c, they are also found at the anus of those who experience a pricking sensation at the rectum,from whence they inva- de the genital organs and produce the most varied and serious phy- sical and moral disorders. Whenever the worm changes his posi- tion a new disease is produced. Finally these worms have the fa- culty of incubating their eggs in the muscular tissues, the develop- ment of which paralyzes or disorganises all the movements. Next to this class of worms comes the tape worm, of a flat articulated form, acquiring in the human body an indefinite length. Hydatids are the development of tape worm eggs which the circula- tion carries to the brain, the peritoneal cavity, the uterus, &c. Young children who play with dirty dogs and cats are liable to be infected with the tape worm of those animals, by means of the arti- culations in the shape of cucurbitaceous grains which those animals generally eject with their excrements and which often adhere to the hair. Effects.—The patient attacked by vermicular ascarides hr s a circle around the eyes, the breath of a characteristic acidity, the nose frequently itches; he progressively loses his color, becomes emaciated, falls into a state of somnolence and weakness which nothing can vanquish. When attacked by lumbrical ascarides, spugeous borborygmi are heard in the bowels, which shift their quarters and often produce the sensation of a round ball ascending the throat, which is often taken in females for the hysterical balls. Children who are seized with the dog jtape worm, eject excre- ments ressembling masticated meat half digested. As to the tape worm in man it produces nearly all the symptoms of the several diseases, from canine [appetite to epilepsy and tetanus. according to the position of the head when engaged in the digestive mucus or some other nervous centre. The intestinal worms, a description of which would be unecessary, are the cause of at least four fifths of those unknown diseases which afflict humanity. Nothing can be more rational than to begin a treatment by our antivermicular method, for in case the nature of the disease should have another cause, this treatment could not aggravate the symptoms. In a great number of circumstances, our treatment will cure in two or three days derangements which treated by a contrary method, assume grave characters and require two or three months ol a debilitating treatment and two or three months of recovery when they do not terminate fatally. Consequently when you feel a general trouble, accompanied with 101 a heaviness of the head, loss of appetite, borborygmi, fever, slumber pricking in the intestines, &c. take 25 centigrammes of aloes [99] with a mouthful of water or between soup bread; a moment afterwards you will already perceive a part of the symptoms reduced and the other totally removed. If in addition to this first medicine, you take 25 centigrammes of camphor(122) with a bowlful of herb broth(103), and apply an anti-vermicular poultice [166] on the abdomen and the next day take one of our antivermicular injections [220], you will be quite astonished to notice the disappearance in such a short time of all those symptoms which threatened a serious disease. These effects may nevertheless take place without the ejection of a single worm under its ordinary form, because dead worms are digested as well as other animal substances, and lose their shape by the action of digestion. The presence of large lumbrics offers the following symptoms: the ingestion of liquids or nutrition is followed by a spumous noise which ascends the throat; you have a pricking sensation either in the stomach or intestines. If the lumbric is in the stomach, he will ascend the throat as soon as he feels the bitter substances of nutri- tion and crawl up dragging after him a slimy and elastic matter. Violent vomiting resembling strangulation supervene after you have swallowed one or two mouthfuls. If you then take half a small glass of camphorated spirits [143] mixed with water, you will feel the worm falling in your stomach in a block. These phenomena are always produced by old and large lumbrics which have resisted the action of bitters and camphor. In such cases you must take calomel, prolochlorure of mercury the only mercurial salt I use, on account of its great insolubility (110). In the morning, when fasting, take one gramme in a spoonful of honey or sweetmeats ; apply compresses of camphorated alcohol [139] wkerever the worm pricks. The next and following day take the same dose of calomel and* on the fourth castor oil as mentioned. If you have any cholics during this interval, take an injection of linseed and cam- phorated ointment [160]; apply camphorated ointment [160] at the anus. We must remind the reader that calomel must be in small colo- red crystals [113] and that he must abstain on that day from taking any thing acid or eating salad. Should'the least accident ensue, take camphor injections and apply saline poultices [167] on the abdomen ; but accidents can only be produced by diet or calomel of a bad quality. We furthermore refer to our hyegenic regimen which, in fact, is nothing more than an anti-vermicular regimen (262). * However, the tape worm, this infernal destroyer of our intes.tinea> is not always conquered by those means we employ against smaller worm?. The following treatment is nearly infallible : Take during a week, every other day, 25 centigrammes of aloes 102 (99; at dinner; at the least crisis, apply on the seat of your suffe- ring compresses of camphorated alcohol [139]. Should the worm come up the throat, take 25 centigrammes of camphor (122) or one gramme of camphorated alcohol in a small glass of water (143). The day following the one you have taken aloes at dinner eat a good girlie salad, and take the following potion: Boil in one litre of water : Fresh pomegranate roots [201], . . 60 grammes. Fern root powder [199], ... 30 do. Aloes, [99] ...... 25 centigrammes. Garlic, . . . ... 1 head. Boil the whole together and when reduced to one third withdraw from the fire and pass through a thick cloth. Every quarter of an hour take a glassful hot and inspire lemon juice to prevent nausea. If the worm comes up the threat, drink a few drops of camphorated alcohol [143] diluted in water or a small glass of camphorated spirits ; apply compresses of alcohol on the whole region when the worm produoes lancinating pains. An hour after you have taken the last glassful, take : Castor oil . . . • . . . .60 grammes. In herb broth . . . ... .60 Take exercise afterwards. Take a bowlful of herb broth each time you feel inclined to a &tcol; place warm water or milk in the chamber before your stool. Rub the body from time to time during the day with camphorated ointment [160]. Should the worm resist this treatment, you must renew ita week afterwards. For children we employ 30 grammes of pomegranate root; 15 grammes of fern root powder in half a litre of water, which is boiled until reduced one-third and administer 30 grammes of castor oil. Care must be taken to follow the worm with compresses of cam- phorated alcohol, wherever he gives any signs of resistance to the treatment. In case of syncope, employ anodyne water, [169] on the head and around the neck. Example of the good effects of this treatment for lumbrics. —When I arrived at Lachapelle, near Dieppe, Mr. Breaute invited me to examine one of his patients named Phrosine, aged about forty years, who had been labouring for some time under cholic pains, and frequent vomitings. I placed her under my treatment and made her take calomel in my presence. Two or three days afterwards, she brought me a lumbric measuring about ten inches, which had been ejected, followed by three others at 6hort intervals. Since my depar- ture, she has evacuated ten more, making in all fourteen and during that period she only vomited once, as I was informed by M, Breaute; I presume she has some more remaining. By the anti-phlogistk 103 treatment, I have no doubt this woman would have died of perforation- of the intestines, which previous to a post mortem examination bei*g made would have been called typhus fever. I have since been informed the woman is in good health. Vomiting blood, see hemorrhage. Vomiting food, see Pylorus and stomach pains. Vomiting slimy matter see intestinal worms. 344. Eyes [diseases of]. CArjSES.—Diseases of the eyes are produced by the introduction o f foreign bodies, the absorbtion of corroding substances such as mercu- rial or arsenical treatments, in either of the eye balls, but more gene- rally by the introduction of a microscopic worm or other small anima- ted being in this organ. The disease in this last case assumes as large a diversity of names as the insect changes its position. ErFECTS.—Mercurial or arsenical treatments so usually employed against the most common diseases, finally affect the palate of the mouth, the nasal fosses, but oftener the eyes, where they commit most fright- ful ravages, of which the practitioner throws the agency on the disease. The future faculty, will sooner or later, curse the actual use of such homicidal and irrational treatments ! The presence of a worm, which is frequently the fact in spontaneous cases, is also productive of serious disorders, but we% have the hope of curing the patient; when you kill the worm the patient is cured. But, how will you disencumber an organ of substances which have combined with its tissues, atom by atom! Treatment.—Against the effects of mercury and in order to ar- rest the progress of circulation, surround the socket and cover the nose with compresses soaked in camphorated alcohol [139]; inhale with force the same through the nose. In other cases, I add the following treatment to the above : when going to bed at night cover the eyes with camphorated ointment (158), in such a manner, that when you open the eyelids the ointment may infiltrate, as we commonly say, in the eye. You wiU then experience- a smart burning, which you must support. In the morning, throw in a tumblerful of water a few drops of anodyne water (169) very clear,. ao-itate until the whole is well mixed and bathe the eyes frequently with this lotion. Take internally camphor three times a day [122], aloes every four days (99) and if the disease hasheen brought on by the treatment of a secret disease, drink iodide of potassium [197]. Generally, when the disease is superficial and the pupils are only inflamed it is merely necessary to blow camphor powder (126) in the eyes. The following day all the symptoms will have disappeared; but should this inflammation be produced by the abuse of spirituous liquors, aloes (99) and compresses of anodyne water [169] sin the head and around the neck would perfect a cure. FINIS. i OF THE SECOND PART, Shewing the manner of preparing the medicines used. NAMES. TAGES. NAMES. PAGES. A Aloes and herb broth, 2 E Endive syrup, 31 Alcalino-ferruginous baths, 3 F Anodyne water, 17 Fern and pomegranate tree roou 23 Anti-scorbutic syrup, 30 I C Infusion of Iceland moss, &c, 27 Calomel, 4 Injection and gargarisms, 26 Camphor, 6 Infusion of borage, 25 Camphor taken three time3 a day, 7 Iodure of potasium, 22 Camphor powder. 8 OT Camphor cigarettes, 8 Madder root powder, 24 Camphorated spirits andalcohol, 11 V Camphorated oil and turpentine, 14 Pastiis to produce a good breath,. 2? Camphorated bougies. 14 Poultices, 16 Camphorated ointment, 15 S Castor oil, 22 Svruo of Ipecacuanha, 32 Camphorated vinegar and salt water, 32 T Camphorated syrup of gum, 31 Tar water and tizane, 23 Composition for agglutinative linen, D Dressings: lint, bands, &c. 29 28 OF PART THIRD. Treatment of Disease*. NAMES. A Abscess, Angina, sore throat, &c. Amputation, see wounds, Aneurism, see heart, Apoplexy, Asthma, Asphyxy by drowning, &c. Asphyxy by coals, see poisoning, B Bulimia, &c. Burns, Bruised flesh, see contusions, Bites of insets, see urticaria, Bleeding at tne nose, see hemorra C Child birth, see parturition, Cyanose, disease of children, ige, Convulsions, &c. 60 Corns, bunions, &c. 60 Coriza. &c. 61 Coxalgia, see rheumatism, 91 Croup of children, 63 Chilblain, 6? Cancer, ■*" Caries of bones, 52 Catarrh, cold in the chest, &c. 52 Cephalalgia, see Megrim, 76 Carbuncles, see pimples, 56 Chlorosis, see jaundice, 7t Cholera morbus, yellow fever, &c. 54 Chorea, see convulsions, 60 Cholics K Costiveness, 59 Contusions, bruises, &c> <& 106 Cold, see catarrh, Cancerous tumorr, see cancer, Cutaneous diseases, fee. , Chirurgical operations, see wounds, Discharges, whiles, 71 Dropsy, 74 Drunkenness, see poisoning, G5 Diseases of the cliet(, *c. 8* Diseases of the roatri*,'*c. ei Delirium tremens, see poisoning by alcohol, 29e.8e, 05 Diseases of young chiMren, 68 E Ear, diseases of Encephaloid tumors, Ate. SB 96 Ecchymoeig, see contusions, 60 Erysipelas, 70 Extinction of voice,: 70 Eyes, disease of Fissures and fistula, see hemorrhoids 103 , 73 Felon, 88 Palls, 55 Furfuraceous tetters, Sec. 63 Fainting, 63 Fiux, diarrhea, &c. 64 Fever, &c. 70 G Gangrene, see ulcers, 98 Glands, engorgement of, &c. 71 Goitre, 72 Cout. 72 Gravel, see urine, 98 Glanders of horses, fcc. 86 It Hemorrhage, 73 Hemorrhoids, Ace. 73 Hernia, 74 Hysterics, Ate. 75 Headache, Ace. 78 Humming noise, &c. see ears, 87 Heart, its diseases, Ate. 57 Hooping cough, see catarrh, 52 Hydrophobia, Itch, see cutaneous disease. 90 82 Incontinency of urine, see urine. 98 Inflammation, 75 Indigestion. 75 Influenza, see catarrh, 59 Intestinal worms, 99 Jaundice, Uc. K King's Evil, scrofula, tec L Lymphatic ganglions, see glands, OT Masturbation, see priapism, Muguet, see measles, Mental alienation, Jtc. Men hung, relief to, see awolexj Mf-nstrual. Ate. Measles, fee. ■?' Mesenteric atrophy of children, •>■- N Nymphomania, see disease of matrix, 81 O Obstructions of liver, see jaundice, 76 Ophthalmia, see eyes, 103 Oppression of cheat, see catarrh, 52 Osteosarcoma,we.«ar*omortoibones, 95 *? Pregnancy, see child birth, 61 Tajna;hr the stomach,-Ate. > Pale color, see jaundice, 70 Palpitations of the heart, 57 Palsy, Ate. 89 Phlegmon, see pimples, 56 Priapism, &c. 89 Polish Plica, see cutaneous diseases, 82 Pylorus, 89 Purulent tumors, 93 Purulent forus, see tumors, 93 Pimples, phlegmons, lie. 5G Poisoning, , 6S Precoious habits, see urine, 9b R * Relief to drowned persons, see asphyxyM4 Rachitis, 90 Rheumatism, 91 Roseola, see cutaneous diseases, &: Red tumors of bones, 95 S Spitting of blood, hemoptisis, 62 Secret diseases, 84 Sea sickness, 85 Seminal weakness, see priapism, 89 Satyriasis, see priapism, 89 Scrofula, see King's Evil, 65 Strangulation, see asphyxy, 44 Scurvy, 92 Suckling, see childbirth, 61 Stomach cramp, see stomach pains, 41 Sprain, bruises, &c. 6U AT Tetanus, see convulsions, 60 Tudiovs, 93 Tonsils, see glands, 71 Tootheache, sec. *'A Traumatic fever, see wounds, 44 Tumors of the bones, 95 U Ulcers, fistula, etc. 98 Urine. &c. 98 Urticaria, 99 V Vomiting blood, see hemorrage, 7i Vomiting food, see Pylorus, Hy Vomiting slimy matter, see intestinal worms, 99 "W Whitlow, see felon, 88 White tumors of joints. ia3W dO AHV1I9I1 IVNOIIVN il ,H 3NI3I03W dO 11*1111 TVNOIIVN ' N I 3 I 0 3 W dO A ...1 TVNOIIVN 1N.3.03W dO A.V.9.1 TVNOIl NE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICI NE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE N A T I O N A L I I B « A R Y OF M E D I C I N I N 3NIDI03W dO 11*1111 TVNOIiVN 3NI3I03W dO AoVo9ll TVNOIIVN 5 AV • W\ ? 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