A 
COMPREHENSIVE 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY: 
CONTAINING THE 
PRONUNCIATION, ETYMOLOGY, AND SIGNIFICATION 
or 
THE TEEMS MADE USE OF IN MEDICINE AND THE KINDRED SCIENCES. 
m\x an Appendix, 
COMPRISING A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL THE MORE IMPORTANT 
ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA MEDICA, ARRANGED AC- 
CORDING TO THEIR MEDICINAL PROPERTIES. 
ALSO 
AN EXPLANATION OF TIIE LATIN TERMS AND PHRASES OCCURRING 
IN ANATOMY, PHARMACY, ETC.; TOGETHER WITH 
THE NECESSARY DIRECTIONS FOR WRITING LATIN PRESCRIPTIONS, 
ETC. ETC. 
BY 
J. THOMAS, M.D. 
* » \ 
AUTHOR OF THE SYSTEM OF PRONUNCIATION IN LIPPIMCOTTS PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER 
OF THE WORLD. *> 
PHILADELPHIA: 
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. 
1872. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1864, by 
J. B. LIPPINCOTT A CO. 
in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District 
of Pennsylvania. PREFACE. 
Thb present work is designed to supply a want which has long 
been felt by those commencing the study of medicine and the 
collateral sciences. 
An acquaintance with the dead languages, or at least with Latin, 
was formerly, and in some parts of Europe is still, considered 
absolutely necessary for a graduate in medicine as well as in the 
other learned professions. Although in the United States a clas- 
sical education is not made an indispensable condition for conferring 
a medical degree, yet, so long as the great majority of professional 
terms are in Latin, some knowledge of this language may be said 
to be absolutely requisite for the medical student. The fact that 
multitudes of our young men commence the study of medicine 
■without any previous acquaintance with Latin or Greek, renders 
it important that the elementary works intended for the use of 
students should be adapted to meet this exigency. 
To supply the want above indicated has been one of the chief 
objects of the present work. In fulfilling this object, the editor 
has aimed,— 
First: to give a full explanation of the etymology of the various 
words defined in the Dictionary. The importance of etymology 
in furnishing, as it generally does, a sure clue to the true sig- 
nification of scientific terms; in limiting and fixing their mean- 
ing, thus guarding against looseness or vagueness of application; 
and lastly, and not least, in assisting the memory of the learner. IV 
PREFACE. 
since, by acquiring a knowledge of a comparatively few elements 
or roots, he is thus enabled to determine the signification of a 
multitude of compound words,—can scarcely be overestimated. It 
is admitted, indeed, that terms not unfrequently occur of which 
it is difficult or impossible to give an entirely satisfactory etymo- 
logy. In a few of the most doubtful cases of this kind, it has been 
deemed best to make no attempt to explain the derivation, since 
an etymology which is purely fanciful or speculative, seems far 
more likely to mislead or perplex than to instruct the student. 
It may be proper to add that, in fulfilling this important part of 
his task, the editor has not been content with merely following 
the generally received authorities in etymology, but has made it 
a rule, in every case of doubt or uncertainty, to examine the sub- 
ject anew, and particularly to consult the best classical and modern 
(foreign) dictionaries upon the point in question. 
Secondly: to give, whenever practicable, a literal translation 
of the various Latin phrases, sentences, etc. occurring in the work: 
such, for example, as Extensor Digitorum Communis, Motorcs Ocu- 
lorum, Hydrargyrum cum Cretd, etc. etc. The importance of such 
explanations in giving clear and definite ideas to those who may 
be unacquainted with the Latin tongue, is too obvious to require 
to be enlarged upon. 
For an explanation of some of the most important elements and 
principles of the Latin language, designed chiefly for those who 
have not had the advantage of a classical education, the reader is 
referred to the Appendix, page 660. Connected with, and imme- 
diately following, this portion of the work, will be found rules 
and directions for the writing of Latin prescriptions. 
Another feature in the work, and one which it is hoped will 
prove of great practical importance, is the pronunciation of the 
various terms given in the Dictionary. What correct spelling is 
to the wrriter, correct pronunciation is to the speaker. If either 
should be wholly neglected, the most perfect language would soon 
become a babel, and fall into utter corruption. Every one who 
takes the trouble to reflect on the subject must be aware that if it 
were not for the constant effort or aim to conform our speech to a 
common standard, the language which we call English would in 
the course of a few years be spoken so differently in different parts PREFACE. 
V 
of the world, as to be with difficulty understood, and in two or three 
centuries it would, in all probability, become wholly unintelli- 
gible, except to those few who might happen to be familiar with 
the local dialect. He, therefore, who is willing to take the pains 
to speak correctly, not only acquires an accomplishment which 
will raise him in the estimation of all educated men, but he con- 
tributes his portion towards exalting and extending the incalculable 
blessings which language, the great vehicle of thought and know- 
ledge, is capable of conferring on mankind. 
The various terms employed in medicine may be divided into 
two principal classes. The first class consists of those which are 
properly English or have an Anglicized termination, whether de- 
rived from the Saxon, as, Blood, Forearm, Nightmare, Rickets, etc.; 
from the French, as, Bandage, Viable, etc.; from the Latin, as, Ab- 
dominal (from abdominalis), Abortion (from abortio), Astringent 
(from astringens), Ferruginous (from ferruginosus), etc.; or from 
the Greek, as, Apoplexy (from Artery (from dprrjpta), 
Asthmatic (from d<sOp.aru»<;), etc. 
The second class comprises all such terms as are Latin or 
Latinized Greek, as, Abdomen, Amaurosis, Ammonia, Asthma, 
Cerebrum, Laryngitis, Oesophagus, Sternum, Vertebra, etc. etc. 
The pronunciation of the former class of words is attended with 
no particular difficulty. Those of the second class, however, 
though usually very easy with respect to the accentuation, and 
perfectly uniform as to the sounds of the consonants, present a 
very serious difficulty in regard to the pronunciation of the vowels. 
At the University of Oxford in England, and at Harvard in the 
United States, it is the usage to pronounce all Latin words with 
the English sounds of the vowels: for example, a when long (as 
the second a in ama're, ama'bam, ama'tum) has the same sound 
as our a in fate (never like a in far); long i is pronounced as in 
pine; and so on. But many of the institutions of learning in this 
country have adopted what is termed the “continental” pronuncia- 
tion, according to which, the vowels are pronounced, not after 
the English sound, but according to that of the languages of 
Continental Europe. As, however, there is some diversity re- 
specting the vowel sounds of the different European tongues, the VI 
PREFACE. 
Italian, which of all the modern languages is perhaps most nearly 
related to the Latin, has generally been adopted as the standard. 
According to this system, a should be sounded nearly like a in far, 
e as in there, or like a in fate, i as in marine, or like e in mete, u 
like on, and y like i, that is, like our e. In some portions of 
our country, particularly in the Middle States, there unfortu- 
nately prevails a third system, consisting of a sort of mixture of 
the other two already described. According to this system,—if 
such it may be called,—the vowel a is sounded as in fast or fat 
(never as in fate); i, when long, is usually pronounced as in pine, 
though sometimes as in marine; all the other vowels being uni- 
formly sounded as in English. The improper diphthong ce, which in 
every other modern language corresponds in sound either exactly 
or very nearly to e,* is on this system sounded like our a in fate. 
As may readily be imagined, these three different systems ex- 
isting together in the same country, have had the effect to intro- 
duce almost unlimited confusion into the pronunciation of Latin 
words. Those who aim at correctness or propriety in speaking 
should, we think, adopt either the Oxford pronunciation or the 
continental; and whichever they adopt should be carried out con- 
sistently. It is greatly to be desired, however, that some common 
standard of Latin pronunciation might be fixed upon for the whole 
United States: it would be of immense advantage even were its 
application limited to scientific terms and phrases. 
Under the existing state of things, the editor has not felt justified 
in attempting to lay down any positive rules for the pronunciation 
of the vowels occurring in Latin terms. He has, accordingly, for 
the most part confined his labors in regard to this class of words, to 
marking the accent and syllabication, and to indicating such vowel 
sounds (e.g. short i and short y) as are essentially the same 
whether they are pronounced according to the continental or 
* That is, to the sound of e in the respective languages; ce in French being 
equivalent to the French e, ce in Spanish to the Spanish e, and so with the 
rest. To sound cc differently from e tends to great confusion, inasmuch as a 
multitude of words are now written almost indifferently with the diphthong 
or the vowel: as, JEdile or Edile, jEtiology or Etiology, etc. However such 
words may be written, the pronunciation ought, unquestionably, to remain 
the same. PREFACE. 
VII 
the English mode. The most important point of all is the accent, 
which can, for the most part, be readily ascertained, and, depend- 
ing as it does upon the quantity* (not on the quality) of the 
vowels, remains the same under all the different systems and in 
all the various tongues of the world. The principal rules for 
Latin accentuation are the following:— 
Rule 1.—In trisyllables or polysyllables, if the penultima be 
long, the accent must fall upon it: as, Abdo’men, Coni’um, Duode- 
num, Porri’go, Scapula!ris, etc. 
Rule 2.—If the penultima be short, the accent must fall on the 
antepenultima: as, Ag’idum, Abdom’inis, An’ima, Assafcet’ida, 
Chimaph’ila, Cimicifuga, Hydroceph!alus, Polycf ala, etc. 
Rule 3.—Dissyllables always take the accent on the penultima; 
as, A’cor, Co’ma, Di'quor, &c. 
It may be observed that whenever the accent of a Latin word 
falls on the antepenultimate vowel followed immediately by a 
single consonant, the accent is usually placed after the conso- 
nant, and the vowel is made what in English we term “short.” 
(See examples under Rule-Second.) Accordingly, we pronounce 
Abdominis—abdom’inis, Assafcetida—assafeVida, etc., although in 
both of these instances the penultimate syllable is long in Latin.f 
The only important exception to this rule occurs in words having 
u for the antepenultimate vowel; as, Alu’mina, Sulphu’ricus, etc., 
in which case the accent should always be placed before the conso- 
nant, the vowel retaining its full or long sound.J 
It has until recently been the almost universal usage among 
* The quantity is determined chiefly by the usage of the Latin poets, and 
certain recognized rules of derivation. 
f It is very important to bear in mind the essential difference between a 
long vowel in English and a long vowel in Latin or Greek. In the former 
case the word “long” refers to the quality of the vowel, in the latter always 
to the quantity. The pronunciation of a long vowel in Latin or Greek is 
estimated to occupy just twice as much time as is spent in uttering a short 
vowel. In the present work, however, when the term “long” is employed 
in reference to the pronunciation of a word, it is to be understood in the 
English sense, if the contrary be not distinctly stated. 
| The plural of Greek nouns in -oma are, by common usage, excepted: as, 
aro'mata (from aro'ma), not arom'ata. If the penultima be a vowel followed 
immediately by another vowel, the antepenultimate syllable is usually made 
long: as, am-mc/ni-a, ci-ne're-us. VIII 
PREFACE. 
classical scholars to pronounce the ancient Greek (like the Latin) 
according to the quantity of the vowels; hut within a few years 
some institutions of learning of the highest character, both in 
Europe and in this country, have adopted the modern Greek 
accentuation; that is, they pronounce according to the Greek 
accent, without the slightest reference to quantity. For example, 
<ro<f(a (“wisdom”), and wUxpavov (the “elbow”), formerly called 
so'fe-a and o-le-kra'non, would, according to the new mode, be 
pronounced so-fee'a and o-lek'ra-non. How far this new system 
should affect our pronunciation of Latinized terms derived from 
the Greek may be considered an open question.* 
As already intimated, the accent is the chief, if not the sole, 
point in Latin pronunciation about which there is no dispute 
among the learned. It has accordingly come to be regarded as 
one of the essential tests by which a finished scholar may be 
known. Our readers need scarcely be reminded that many Latin 
phrases and sentences have become, so to speak, parts of our own 
* While it must be admitted that all, or nearly all, the best English autho- 
rities on classical pronunciation recognize no other principle than quantity 
for the accentuation of this class of words, it may be observed that in Italian 
and Spanish,—languages much more nearly related to the Latin than ours,— 
words and names derived from the Greek almost invariably follow the accentua- 
tion of the original, while those of Latin derivation are as uniformly ac- 
centuated according to the quantity of their Latin primitives. Not only 
is the name Sofia (from the Greek <ro<£ia, whence our Sophi'a) pronounced 
so-fce'a (though in Greek the penultima is short), and its derivative filosofia 
(“philosophy”) fe-lo-so-fce'a, but the numerous class of Italian and Spanish 
words ending in -grafia (Greek -ypafia), and -logia (Greek -Aoyia) always 
have, like the Greek, the accent on the penultima, although this is invariably 
short in the Greek; as cosmografi'a (cosmography), geografi'a (geography), 
ortografix'a (orthography), &c.; and analogi'a (analogy), filologi'a (philology), 
etc. etc. Insania takes the antepenultimate accent, because the penultima of 
the Latin (insa’nia) is short; while mania, with the same termination, has the 
penultimate accent (ma-nee/a), simply because the Greek (juav'ta) is so accented. 
The remark made above, that words in Italian and Spanish derived from 
the Latin follow the Latin quantity, while those from the Greek conform to 
the Greek accentuation, should of course be limited to such as have not become 
materially changed or corrupted. It will be seen that in the examples above 
cited no change has taken place, except substituting / for <j>, whicn does not 
in the slightest degree affect the pronunciation. IX 
IX 
language. He, therefore, who aspires to the character of a correct 
and polished speaker, cannot, without serious danger to his reputa- 
tion, neglect this important branch of orthoepy. It is true that a 
very few words of Latin origin (as Auditor, Orator, Sen'ator* etc.) 
have, on becoming Anglicized, without any change in the spelling, 
lost the original penultimate accent. But the large majority ot 
Anglicized words retain the classical accentuation, as Acu'men, 
Albu'men, Aro'ma, Cogno'men, Deed rum, Dictator, Fari’na, Far- 
ra'go, Horizon, Saliva, Spectator, etc., all of which have resisted 
the general tendency of our language, which is to throw the 
accent on the antepenultima in such words: indeed, we not unfre- 
quently hear uneducated people say, Ar'oma, Cog'nomen, Saiiva, 
etc. If, then, Anglicized Latin words, which are in everybody’s 
mouth, are generally pronounced according to the original accentu- 
ation, scientific terms ought unquestionably to be always so pro- 
nounced. This principle is, indeed, fully recognized in the accentu- 
ations given in the last edition of our Pharmacopoeia, in which, we 
believe, not a single instance occurs of a Latin name that does not 
conform to the classical pronunciation; although, if English analogy 
were allowed to have any influence, we should scarcely pronounce 
Coni'um, Mati'co, etc., with the accent on the penultima. 
Of such Latin words as were used by the ancients, there is 
generally no difficulty in determining the accentuation. But the 
case is different with respect to Latin terms (consisting chiefly of 
botanical and other scientific names) of modern origin. Among 
these there are a number of which the etymology is obscure or 
uncertain, and the accentuation is, in consequence, more or less 
doubtful. In such cases, the editor has not only sought to avail 
himself of the light which general analogy might shed upon the 
point in question, but he has carefully consulted all the best works 
accessible to him, relating to such subjects. Among these ho 
would express his particular obligations to Gray’s “ Manual of 
Botany,” Mayne’s “Expository Lexicon,” Wittstein’s “Etymo- 
logisch-Botanisches Worterbuch,” and, above all, to Dunglison’s 
“ Medical Dictionary,” which in relation to these difficult questions 
*Anemo/ne, when used as an English word, is always pronounced ancm'one. X 
PREFACE. 
exhibits a degree of accuracy, as well as judgment, unsurpassed, if 
not unequalled, among scientific works of reference. 
Those who take a particular interest in such subjects are re- 
ferred to the “Table of Disputed Pronunciations” (see Appendix, 
pp. 698-9), containing a list of the most important terms occurring 
in medical works, respecting the accentuation of which there is a 
difference among the best orthoepical authorities.* 
Eespecting the plan of the Dictionary, it may be observed that 
immediately after the term itself, if this be English, is inserted 
the Latin synonym, then the etymology, both being enclosed in 
brackets. If the term be Latin, it is immediately followed by the 
etymology, enclosed in brackets. (Compare Ablactation, Apoplexy, 
Artery; also, Abdomen, Ablepsia, etc.) The French synonyms of 
important medical terms are also given, excepting such as are 
essentially the same as the English or Latin : for example, Ablacta- 
tion (“ablactation1’), Bandage (a “bandage”), Utfrrus (the “ute- 
rus”), etc.; or such as differ only very slightly, as Apoplexie 
(“ apoplexy”), Artbre (“ artery”), Hepatite (“ hepatitis”), CEsophage 
(“ oesophagus”), etc. As these would, for the most part, be readily 
understood without a dictionary, they have generally been omitted. 
By adopting this plan, the attention of the student is particularly 
directed to those French terms which it is most important for him 
to acquire; that is, to such as are essentially different from the 
Latin or English, and therefore not likely to be understood unless 
explained. Of this class of words the following examples may 
be given:—Cceur (“heart”), Clou (“clove”), Cou (“neck”), Main 
(“hand”), Qdil (“eye”), Poumons (“lungs”), Toux (“cough”), etc. 
A considerable portion of the Appendix is occupied with the 
* In speaking of “authorities” in regard to questions of this kind, we do 
not, of course, allude to those persons, however illustrious, who are merely 
distinguished for their scientific attainments or for their general learning, hut 
to such only as have paid particular attention to the subject of orthoepy. It is 
not to be denied that some, who are justly regarded as ornaments of science, 
either from never having given any attention to such subjects, or from mere 
carelessness, are most untrustworthy guides in all that relates to correctness of 
language, whether written or spoken. They seem to forget that thoughts are 
like jewels: the greater their value, the more important it is that they should 
be well set, that their beauty may be exhibited to the best advantage. PREFACE. 
“ Table of Materia Medica,” containing the names of all, or nearly 
all, the medicinal articles of any importance, arranged according 
to their medical properties. Such a classification, it is believed, 
will be found extremely useful, at least to those who have not had 
time or opportunity to make themselves thoroughly acquainted 
with the vast resources of our Materia Medica. 
Besides the articles already mentioned, included in the Ap- 
pendix, it contains a tolerably complete Table of Doses, prepared 
with great care. It also contains a synopsis of the respective 
Nosologies of Cullen and Good. Although at the present time 
neither of these systems is generally followed, both have exerted 
great influence upon medical nomenclature, and may, therefore, 
justly claim some notice at our hands. It was believed that in no 
other way could an idea be given of them so clearly and so briefly 
as by means of synoptical tables. 
Among the multitude of works which the editor has had occa- 
sion to consult in the preparation of this Dictionary, justice re- 
quires that he should express his great obligations to a few to 
which he is especially indebted. Ilis acknowledgments are pre- 
eminently due to Mayne’s “Expository Lexicon” (London, 1860); 
a Dictionary of Medicine, original in its plan, and evincing in its 
execution much diligence, learning, and research. He wrould also 
express his important obligations to Gray’s “ Structural and Syste- 
matic Botany,” and “Manual of Botany,” to which he has gene- 
rally had recourse as his chief authorities on all questions relating 
to botanical science. To Hoblyn’s “Medical Dictionary” he is 
indebted for the matter of a number of articles, particularly those 
relating to chemistry. The notices of the natural orders of plants 
and animals have mostly been taken from that justly popular 
work, Brande’s “Encyclopaedia of Science, Literature, and Art.” 
Nor can he omit to mention his great and important obligations 
to Wood and Bache’s “United States Dispensatory,” a work 
which justly ranks among the first of its kind that have ever 
been published in this or any other country. EXPLANATION OF THE SIGNS, ABBREVIATIONS, 
ETC. USED IN THE PRESENT WORK. 
3,, e, i, o, u, y, are long, as in fate, mete, pine, note, tube, fly. 
a, e, i, 6, ii, y, are short, as in fat, met, pin, not, tub, mystic. 
a, 6, and 6, are like a, e, and 5, except that the sound is less prolonged, 
a, e, are obscure, as in the final syllables of America, writer, etc. 
g = g hard. 
y is to be sounded like s or ss; G and g like/,- s has the sound of z. 
■eh is to be sounded like k; but ch without any mark should be pronounced as in 
chill or child. 
n, m, and n° are used to represent the French nasal sound, somewhat resembling 
that of ny in long, r (small capital) implies that the r should bo trilled: ii denotes 
the sound of the French u; u, that of the French eu, similar to the sound of u in 
the English word fur. 
An asterisk (*) affixed to a word or phrase denotes that it is either Latin or Latin- 
ized Greek, etc. 
= signifies “equivalent to.” Thus, Gath. = Catharticus implies that Oath, is 
equivalent to, or stands for, Catharticus (“Cathartic”). 
|| placed after the phrase “ Pharmacopoeial name” denotes that the name belongs 
alike to the British and United States Pharmacopoeias. 
An acute accent denotes a primary, a grave a secondary, accent. 
a general rule, no marks have been placed on the vowels in cases where 
these would naturally be pronounced correctly without any mark. 
jS©- When a reference is made to some other part of the Dictionary, the word 
referred to is put in small capitals: hence, if small capitals are used, a reference is 
always implied. See Hxmatiasis, Htematopoiesis, etc. in the Dictionary. 
ABBREVIATIONS. 
Ahl ablative. 
Acc accusative. 
Br. or Brit British. 
Dat dative. 
Dub Dublin. 
Ed Edinburgh. 
e.g. (exem'pli gra'tid) for example. 
F. or fern feminine. 
Fr French. 
Gen genitive. 
Ger German. 
Gr Greek. 
i.e. (id est) that is. 
Lat Latin. 
Lond London. 
M. or masc masculine. 
N. or neut neuter. 
Nom nominative. 
Ph. or Pharm Pharmacopoeia. 
PI plural. 
Pron pronunciation. 
Sp Spanish. 
U.S United States. 
Yoc Vocative. 
To render these explanations complete, a table of the Greek alphabet is subjoined. 
r 
Letter. 
Name. 
Power. 
Letter. 
Name. 
Power. 
Letter. 
Name. 
Power. 
A 
a 
Alpha 
a 
1 
C 
Iota 
i 
P 
p 
Rho 
r 
B 
p 6 
Beta 
b 
K 
K 
Kappa 
k 
2 
cr 9 
Sigma 
s 
r 
y 
Gamma 
g hard 
A 
A. 
Lambda 
1 
T 
T 
Tau 
t 
A 
& 
Del ta 
d 
M 
P- 
Mu 
111 
Y 
V 
Upsllon 
u or y 
E 
€ 
Epsilon 
$ short 
N 
V 
Nu 
n 
<l> 
<t> 
Phi 
ph 
Z 
i 
Zeta 
z 
S 
£ 
Xi 
X 
X 
X 
Chi 
ch hard 
H 
V 
Eta 
e long 
O 
0 
Omicron 
6 short 
* 
* 
Psi 
ps 
0 
5 e 
Theta 
th 
n 
7r 
Pi 
P 
n 
Omega 
0 long 
Remarks.—r followed immediately by another y, by k, or by x- sounds like n: hence, ay- 
ycTov, a -‘vessel,” should be rendered by angeion or angion, if Roman letters are used; dyitvXos 
(“ bent”), by ankylos or ancylos; ayxM (to “ choke”), by ancho, etc. T, though usually considered 
to be equivalent to u, is almost invariably rendered by y, in Latin. See dyriXos, above given. 
K is usually replaced in Latin by c, as Kvvapa or xivapa, cynara or cinara{a kind of “artichoke”). 
As in Latin words of Greek derivation y is sounded like t, and not like u. 4ttj" so c should in 
such words be pronounced with its proper Latin sound,—always like s before e, i, and y. 
1®=- Ai (in Greek) when changed into Latin, becomes «;and oi, oe; as aWioxp, setliiaps, 
oidriya, cedema, etc. 
itir H is represented in Greek by *, called the “ rough breathing” (spir'itus as’per), as in 
vn6, “under,” aiya, “blood,” etc. All Greek words beginning with a vowel have either the 
rough or smooth breathing (spir'itus le'nis). Compare aWtoip, “black,” atria, “cause,” etc. 
The smooth breathing indicates simply the natural sound of the vowel. PRONOUNCING 
MEDICAL DICTIONARY. 
A 
ABD 
A, or an before a word beginning with 
a vowel or with h. [a or ai/.] A prefix 
in compound words of Greek derivation, 
having a negative or privative force: as, 
tonic, “ possessing or imparting tone ;” 
a-tonic, “ without tone;” a-cephalous, 
“without a head;” an-sesthetic, “with- 
out perception;” an-hydrout, “without 
water.” 
A is also a French preposition, signi- 
fying “to” or “at,” and forming a part 
of certain surgical and medical phrases, 
as (l deux temps, &, dull toN°. “At two 
times.” Applied to the operation of 
lithotomy, in which the calculus, from 
certain causes, cannot be immediately 
extracted, and is therefore let alone till 
during the suppurating stage, when ex- 
traction may be more easily effected. 
AA. A contraction of the Greek 
word ana {ava), signifying, literally, 
“up through” or “ throughout;” some- 
times equivalent to “of each.” Writ- 
ten in prescriptions after the names of 
several different medicines, to denote an 
equal quantity of each. 
AAA. Abbreviation for Amalgam. 
Ab. A Latin particle signifying 
“from,” “off,” “away.” 
Ab-ac'tu* Ven ter,® or Ven'tcr 
Abae'tus.® [From ab, “from,” and 
a'go, ac'tum, to “ drive,” to “ force.”] 
Literally, a “belly expelled” or emptied 
by forcible means. A term in Medical Ju- 
risprudence for abortion induced by art. 
Aba-ens.* [From a/?a£, u/?a*o{, a 
mathematical table on which lines and 
figures were drawn.] An old name for a 
table used for medicinal preparations. 
Abalienation, ab-al-y§n-a'shun. 
[Vhaliciiatio, of nit; from ab, “from,” 
and alie'no, ulieua'turn, to “ estrange.”] 
Formerly used for decay of the whole or 
part of the body; also, loss or failing of 
the senses or of the mental faculties. 
Abanga, ab-ang'ga. The name of the 
fruit of a palm-tree growing in the island 
of St. Thomas (West Indies). The seeds 
are considered very useful in diseases of 
the chest. 
Ab-ar-tic-u-la'tion. [Abarticula'- 
tio, o'nis; from aft, “from,” and artivu- 
la'tio, “ articulation.”] A kind of ar- 
ticulation admitting of free motion. See 
Diarthrosis. 
Ab-bre'vl-at-ed. [Abbrevia'tus; 
from abbre'vio, abbrevia'tum, to “short- 
en.”] Shortened, as when the cup is 
shorter than the tube of the flower. 
Ab-bre-vi-a'tion. [Abbrevia'tio, 
o’nis; from the same.] A part of a word 
shortened by cutting off one or more of 
its latter syllables. Applied to many 
initial and medial letters, and contrac- 
tions, of medical terms, which will be 
found in their alphabetical order. 
Atw£s. See Abscess. 
Alxlom. Abbreviation for Abdo'men. 
Ab-do'inen,* gen. Ab-doni'I-n is. 
[From ah'do, ab'dere, to “hide.”] The 
largest cavity of the body; the belly. 
The same region in tlie lower animals. 
See Alvtts, Imus Venter, Venter. 
Ab-doin'I-nal. [ AImIoiii hin t is; 
from abdo men.'] Belonging to the abdo- 
men ; ventral. 
Abdom'inal Aor'ta. That portion of 
the aorta situated below the diaphragm. 
9 ABL 
Abdom'inal Ap-on-efi-ro'si.s. The 
conjoined tendons of the oblique and 
transverse muscles on the anterior por- 
tion of the abdomen. See Aponeu- 
rosis. 
Abdom inal Ganglia (gang'gle-a). 
The semilunar ganglia, so named from 
their situation. 
Abdom'inal Ring. [Ail'mi I us All- 
dom inis. | The fancied ring-like open- 
ing on each side of the abdomen, ex- 
ternal and superior to the pubes. Through 
it, in males, passes the spermatic cord. 
It is also called the In'guinal Ring. 
Ab-dom-I-na'lis.* [From abdo' - 
men.] Pertaining to the abdomen ; 
abdom'inal; ventral. In the plural (Ab- 
domina'les) it forms the name of an 
order of fishes having the ventral fins 
under the abdomen and behind the pec- 
torals. 
Ab-dom-i-nos'oo-py. [Abdomino- 
sco'pia; from abdo'men, and ctkoirtca, to 
“observe.”] The examination of the 
abdomen by percussion, inspection, mea- 
surement, or manual examination. 
AlHlii'cent. [Abdu'cens; from ab, 
“from,” and du'eo, due'turn, to “lead,” to 
“draw.”] Applied to muscles by which 
the members or limbs are drawn from 
the mesial line (or axis of the body); 
also to the sixth pair of nerves. 
Ab-duc'tion. [Abdiic'tio, o’nis ; 
from the same.] That movement by which 
one part is moved from another, or from 
the axis of the body. 
Ab-dtic'tor, o'r is.* [From the same.] 
Applied to a muscle which performs, or 
assists in performing, abduction. 
Abolnioschus,::: i-bel-mos'kus. [From 
the Arab, ab-el-mushk; literally, the 
“father of musk.”] Musk-seed; the 
specific name of the Hibiscus abelmos- 
chus. The seeds of this plant, called 
grana moschata (“musk-seeds”), are 
employed in the East in forming the 
Pondre de Cliyprc, or Cyprus powder, 
used for flavoring coffee. 
Ab-£p-i-thj’m'i-a.*[Frorn «6,“from,” 
“off,” and imQytia, “desire.”] A faulty 
term (partly Latin and partly Greek) for 
paralysis of the solar plexus, cutting off 
communication between the nervous 
system and abdominal viscera, the 
supposed seat of the appetites and de- 
sires. 
Ab-er-ra'tion. [Abrrra'tio. o'nis; 
from ab, “from,” and e/ro, erra'tum, to 
“wander.”] Applied to a disordered 
state of the intellect. Applied also to 
the rays of light when refracted by a 
ABD 
lens, or reflected by a mirror, so that 
they do not converge into a focus. 
Ab-e-vac-u-a'tlon. [Alievacua'tio, 
»'nis; from ab, “ from,” and evac'uo, 
evacua'tum, to “ empty out,” to “empty.”] 
A medical term usually applied to a par- 
tial or incomplete evacuation, but by some 
writers employed to denote an immode- 
rate evacuation. 
A'bl-eS,® gen. A-bi'e-tis. [Supposed 
to be from ab, “from,” and e'o, to “go,” 
on account of the great height which 
it goes or extends from the earth.] The 
specific name of the Finns Abies, or fir- 
tree. See Pin us. 
A'bios Excel'sa.* One of the plants 
from which the Thus, or frankincense, is 
obtained. 
A'bies I-a'rix.* The tree which 
affords Venice turpentine. 
Ab-I-et'ie. [Abiet'ifus; from a'bies.] 
Belonging to the fir-tree. 
Abictin, or Abiotino, a-bi'e-tin. 
[Abieti'na; from a'bies.] A resinous 
substance, also called the resin Gamma, 
or third in order, obtained from Stras- 
bourg turpentine. 
Abi'€tis Refc-i'na.* The resin of the 
fir-tree; the Thus, or common frankin- 
cense; spontaneously exuded by the 
Finns Abies. See Frankincense. 
Abietite, a-bi'§-tlt. [Abieti'tes; 
from abies, and Xi'Oo,-, a “stone.”] A 
genus of fossil coniferous plants in the 
Wealden and Greensand formations. 
Ab-Ir-rl-ta'tion. [Abirrita'tio, 
«'nis; from ab, “from” or “ away,” and 
irri'to, irrita'tum, to “ irritate;” denoting 
the passing “away” or absence of irrita- 
tion or of vital irritability.] Diminished 
irritability in the various tissues, and so 
slightly distinct from Asthenia. 
Ab-lac-ta'tion. [ A bind n't io. o'nis ; 
from ab, “ from,” “ away,” and lac, lac'- 
tis, “milk.” See Lactation.] The wean- 
ing of a child. Some writers make a dis- 
tinction between ablactation and weaning. 
By the former they mean the termina- 
tion of the period of suckling as regards 
the mother; by the latter, the same 
period with reference to the child. 
Ab-IiVtion. [Abla'tio, o'nis ; from 
au'fero, abla'tum (from ab, '‘from,” 
“away,” and/e'ro, la’turn, to “carry,” or 
“take”), to “take away.”] The re- 
moving of any part by excision, extir- 
pation, or amputation. 
A-blep'sI-a.* [From a, priv., and 
/JXcro), to “see.”] XYant of sight; blind- 
ness : ablep'sy. 
Ab'Iu-ent. [Ab'luens: from ab, 
10 ABL 
ABS 
“ from” or “ away,” and In!o, lu'turn, to 
“ wash.”] That which washes away or 
carries off impurities. See Abster- 
gent. 
Ab-lu'tion. [Ablu'tio, o'nis ; from 
the same.] The separation of extraneous 
matters by washing. Anciently an in- 
ternal washing by administering profuse 
libations of milk-whey. 
Ab-nor'inal. [Abnor'mis; from ab, 
“from,” and no/ma, a “rule;” denoting 
a departure from the “ rule,” course, or 
custom of nature.] Contrary to the na- 
tural condition; unnatural. 
Ab-o-iua'sum,* or Ab-o-uia'sus.* 
[From ab, “from,” and oma'snm, the 
“ paunch.”] The fourth stomach of the 
Ruminantia. From this part of calves, 
lambs, etc., rennet is prepared. 
Aborijjeuis,* ab-o-rij'e-nis. [More 
frequently used in the plural {Aborigi- 
nes, ab-o-rij'e-nez); from ab, “from,” 
and ori'ijo, the “beginning.”] Native or 
original of a country : aboriginal. 
Ab-or'sus.* [From abo'rior, abor'tus, 
to “miscarry.”] A miscarriage in the 
first or early months. More properly 
Abortus, or Abortion, which see. 
Ab-or'tl-cide. [Aborticid'ium; 
from abor'tus, and cce'tlo, to “kill.”] Tho 
destroying of the foetus in utero. See 
FiErruiDE. 
Ab-or'tient. [Abortions; from 
abo'rior.] Miscarrying. Applied synony- 
mously with Sterilis. See Sterile. 
Ab-or'tion. [Abor'tio, o' nis ; from 
abo'rior, abor'tus, to “ miscarry.”] The 
morbid expulsion of an immature foetus ; 
a miscarriage. In Botany, imperfect de- 
velopment. 
Abor'tion, Criminal. Foeticide. 
Ab-or'tlve. [Abort!'vus; from the 
same.] Causing abortion. Sometimes 
applied to treatment adopted for pre- 
venting further or complete development 
of disease. 
Abortus.* [From the same.] See 
Abortion. 
Abrachia,* ab-ra-ki'a. [From a, priv., 
and lipa\imv, the “arm.”] A sort of mon- 
strosity, consisting in tho absence of 
arms. 
Abranchiala-brank'e-a. [From a, 
priv., and (ipiyx'a. the “gills” or “respi- 
ratory organs.”] Literally, having no 
organs of respiration. A name given by 
Cuvier to an order of Anellidse having 
no extern il organs of respiration. 
Abrauchiata. See Abranchia. 
A-bra'&ion. [Abra'sio, o'nis; from 
ah, “ from” or “ off,” and rado, rasum, 
to “ scrape.”] A term for the partial 
tearing off or fretting of the SKin. 
Abrotiinum. See Abrotonum. 
Abrotomun. See Artemisia. 
Ab-rot'o-num Mas.*' Another name 
for Artemisia Abrotonum, which see. 
Ab-rupt'. [Abrup'tus; from ab, 
“from,” “off,” and rum'po, rup'tum, to 
“break.”] Applied to leaves and roots 
that seem broken off at their extremity. 
A'brus Prc-ca-tori-ns.* [From a(ip6s, 
“delicate,” “elegant,”andpreca lor, “one 
who prays,” alluding to its use for ro- 
saries.] Called also Wild Liquorice, Li- 
quorice Bush, Red Bean, and other 
names. A small shrub growing in the 
West Indies, Central America, and also 
in Egypt, having beautiful scarlet seeds, 
which are employed for rosaries, neck- 
laces, etc. The roots and leaves contain 
mucilage, and are sometimes used as 
demulcents. 
Abs. A Latin particle, having the 
same force as Ab, which see. 
Ab'scess. [Absces'sus; from abs, 
“from,” and ce’do, ces'sum, to “go;” be- 
cause the matter “goes from” or sepa- 
rates itself from the rest of the body.] 
(Fr. Alices, £,b's&'.) A tumor or swelling 
(usually large and deep) containing pus. 
Abscissa, Vox. See Vox Abscissa. 
Ab-scis'sion. [Abscis’sie, o'nis; 
from ab, “from,” “away.” and scindo, 
set's'sum, to “cut.”] Applied to a frac- 
tured bone when a part of it is cut off 
and removed, or to the cutting off of any 
soft part, as of a nerve, or the prepuce, etc. 
Abseonsio* (ab-skon'she-o), o’nis. 
[From abs, “away,” and con'do, to 
“hide.”] A term formerly denoting the 
same as Sinus: an abscon'sim. 
Abs. febr.= Absen’te fe'bre.* “ Fever 
being absent,” or, in the absence of fever. 
Ab-siu'tIiatc. [Absin tiias, aVi#.] 
A combination of absinthic acid with a 
base. 
Ab-sin'thic. [Absln'thlcus; from 
absinthium.] Belonging to Absinthium ; 
applied to an acid obtained from it. 
Ab-sin'thin. [Absiuthi'na.] The 
bitter principle discovered in Absinthium. 
Ab-sin'thl-nm.* [Gr. dipirOtor.] The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. 
Ph.) for Wormwood, the Artemisia ab- 
sinthium, and (U.S. Ph.) for its tops and 
leaves. See Artemisia. 
Abstn'thium Com-mii ne.* An- 
other name for tho Artemisia absinthium, 
or Wormwood. 
Absin'tliiiiiu Ma-rit'I-muni.* An- 
other name for Artemisia maritima. 
11 ABS 
ACA 
Abtiin'tliiiim Poii'tl-ciim,® Ab- 
sin'thiiim Ito-ma'iuini.® Other names 
for Artemisia Pontica, which see. 
Absin'tliiiiin Nan-ton'I-eum.® An- 
other name for Artemisia santonica. 
Absin thium Vnl-ga're.® Another 
name for Artemisia absinthium. 
Ab'so-lute Al'co-hol. Alcohol as 
free from water as it can be obtained. 
See Alcohol. 
Ab-sor'bcnt. [Absor'bcns; from 
ab, “from,” and so/beo, sorp'tum, to “sip 
or suck.”] Sucking up or absorbing. 
Applied to the lacteal and lymphatic 
vessels, and to the origins of vessels on 
the roots of plants. Applied to medicines 
which neutralize acidity in the stomach 
and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc. 
Absor'bcnt Sys'tcin. A term used 
to denote collectively the vessels and 
glands which perform the function of 
absorption. 
Ab-sorp'tion. [Absorptio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The sucking up of 
substances applied to the mouths of ab- 
sorbent vessels. In Chemistry, the suck- 
ing up or imbibition of a gas or vapor 
by a liquid or solid. 
Absorption, Cutaneous. See Cu- 
taneous Absorption. 
Absorption, Interstitial. Sco 
Interstitial Absorption. 
Ab-ste'mi-ouN. [Abste'iniu*; from 
abs, “from,” and feme'turn, an old Latin 
word for “ wineothers derive it from 
abs, “from,” and ten'eo, to “hold” or 
'‘keep,” « being changed to mi] Strictly, 
abstaining from wine; but generally ap- 
plied also to moderation in diet. 
Ab-ster'fcent. [Absiter'geiis, en'(i» ; 
from abster'yeo, abster sum, to “cleanse.”] 
Cleansing; abluent; abstersive. Applied 
to medicines which cleanse from foulness 
or sordes. 
Ab'Ntl-nence. [Abstinen'tla; from 
abs, “from,” and ten'eo, to “hold” or 
“keep;” to “abstain.”] The refraining 
from, or sparing use of, food, liquors, 
etc. 
A bs-t ruction. [Abstrac'tio, o'a is ; 
from abs, “from,” “away,” and tra'ho, 
true'turn, to “draw.”] The separating 
of a fluid from a salt, etc. That mental 
power by wrhich one particular idea may 
loo dwelt upon to the exclusion of others ; 
also, that by which general ideas may 
be formed from those of particular ob- 
jects. Applied also to the drawing of 
blood from a blood-vessel. 
Ab'sus.® A species of Cassia, the 
seeds of which, being powdered and 
mixed with sugar, are used in Egypt as 
an application to the eyes in ophthalmia. 
A-bu'ta.* Another name tor the Pa- 
reira Brava, which see. 
A-bu'til-on.® Called also the Indian 
or yellow mallow. It is mucilaginous, 
and sometimes used for diarrhoea in 
cattle. 
Abvaruation. See Abf.vacuation. 
Acacia,* a-ka'she-a; gen. Acacia', 
a-ka'she-e. [From «*•>), a “ sharp point;” 
the name having been given on account 
of the prickles or thorns with which the 
tree abounds.] A genus of the Linnman 
class Polygamia, natural order Legumi- 
nosse. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name || 
for gum-arabic. 
Aca'cia Al'tcra Trifolia'ta. See 
Spartium Spinosum. 
Acacia Arabica. See Acacia Yera. 
Aca'cia* Guin'mi.® The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Dub. Ph.) of gum- 
arabic, obtained from Acacia vera, and 
other species of Acacia. 
Aca'cia Cat'e-chu.* The systematic 
name of the plant which affords catechu. 
Aca'cia Indira.® See Tamarindus 
Indica. 
Aca'cia Vc'ra.® [From ve'rus, “ true.”] 
The “ true acacia.” The Egyptian thorn, 
or gum-arabic tree; called also Acacia 
Arabica. Also, the expressed juice of 
the unripe pods of the Acacia verarel. 
Aca'cia Vcr'a-vcl.* A species afford- 
ing the juice called Acacia vera. 
Aca'cia Zey-lon'i-ca.* A name for 
Jfirmatoxylvn Campcchianurn. 
Acajou, i'k&'zhoo'. The Anacar- 
dium Occident ale, which see. 
Ac-a-lcjtlic.* [Gr. d*aA&'(/»7.] The 
nettle. See Urtica. 
Ao-n-le'plius.® [From the same.] Be- 
longing to a nettle. In the neuter plural 
(Acale’pha) applied to a class of the 
Jtadiata, from the stinging pain felt on 
touching them. 
A-cal;f'-cine. [Aoalyci'nus, A- 
cal'ycis; from a, priv., and c«7yj".] 
Having no calyx. 
A-camp'sI-a.® [From a, priv., and 
KafiXTio, to “bend.”] An inflexible state 
of a joint. See Ankylosis. 
A-can'tha.® [Gr. ibca.-Oa ■ from iirfj, a 
“sharp point.”] Applied formerly to the 
spine of the back, or rather of a vertebra, 
by the regular arrangement of the series 
of which the former is constituted. A 
thorn, spine, or prickle. 
Acanthaccjc,® ak-an-tha'she-e. The 
name of a natural order of plants re- 
sembling the Acanthus, 
12 ACA 
ACC 
A-can'thl,* the plural of Acan'thus, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
ral orde*, now Acanthace.e, which see. 
A-can'tliinc. [Acautliiiius; from 
OxarOa, a “thorn.”] Belonging to a 
thorn; thorny, prickly. 
A-can't lil-uin.* [From the same.] 
The specific or trivial name for the 
Onopo/dium Acan'tkium. 
[Acan* 
tlioceph'alus; from <ucavOa, and <cr<pa\fi, 
the “head.”] Having a spiny head. The 
Latin term in the neuter plural (Acan- 
thoceph'ala) is applied to a family of the 
Entozo'a parenchym'ata. 
Acantlio des. See Acanthoid. 
A-caaitlioid. [Acanthoi'des; from 
axavOa, a “ thorn,” and eiios, a “ form.”] 
Having the form of a thorn or spine; 
resembling a spine. 
Acanthopliorous, ak-an-thofo-rus. 
[Acaniliopliorus; from axarOa, a 
“ thorn,” and <ptpio, to “ bear.”] Beset 
with spines or coarse hairs. 
A-ean-tho-po'di-ous. [Acautlio- 
po'dius; from Sucasda, and rov;, a ‘‘foot.”] 
Having spinous petioles. 
A-can-tliop-te-ry’&'I-i.* [From iixav- 
6a, a “thorn,” and irrepiyioi/, a “little 
wing,” a “fin.”] The name of an order 
of fishes having spiny fins. 
A-can'thu-lus. [From axavOa, a 
“thorn.”] An instrument for extracting 
thorns, or spicules of wood, bone, etc., 
from wounds. 
A-cau71 Iuih.s [From axavda, a 
“thorn.”] Bear's breech. A genus of 
the Linnaean class Didynamia, natural 
order Acanthacete. 
Acan'ttius tlol lis.* The systematic 
name of Bear’s breech. 
A-car'dI-a.* [From a, priv., and 
kapSia, the “ heart.”] The condition of a 
monster-foetus, born without a heart, or, 
rather, deficient as to the whole tho- 
rax. 
Acardiohsemia,* a-kar-de-o-he'- 
me-a. [From a, priv., xapiia, the “heart,” 
and alua, “blood.”] A deficiency of blood 
in the heart. 
A-car-dl-o-ner'vI-a.® [From a, 
priv., xapdia, the “heart,” and ner'vus, a 
“nerve.”] A deficiency of nervous action 
in the heart, evinced by the sounds 
being inaudible. 
A-car-di-o-tro'phl-a.® [From a, 
priv., xap6ia, and rpopfj, “nourishment.”] 
Atrophy of the heart. 
Ac-a-ro-i'deS.* [From ac'arus, and 
*<<5oj, a “ form.”] Kesembling the Acarus : 
ac'aroid. 
A-ear poiis. [Acar'pus; from a, 
priv., and Kaprcos, “fruit.”] Having no 
fruit. 
Ac'a-rus.5 [From axapfis, that which 
cannot be cut on account of its small- 
ness ; from a, priv., and keipa>, to “cut.”] A 
genus of minute insects infesting the skin. 
Ac'arus Au-tuin-na'lis.* The har- 
vest-bug ; the wheal-worm. 
Ac'arus JJo-nies'tl-cus.* The do- 
mestic tick, found on the human body. 
Ac'arus The dog-tick. 
Ac'arus Sac'ctia-ri.* (“ Acarus of 
Sugar.”) An animalcule found in sugar, 
causing “ grocer’s itch.” 
Ac'arus Sca-M-e'i.* (“Acarus of 
Itch.”) The itch animalcule. 
A-cat'a-Iep-s$L [ Acatalep'sia; 
from a, priv., and KaraXapSarM, to “ appre- 
hend.”] Uncertainty in diagnosis, etc. 
A-cat-ap'o-sis.* [From a, priv., and 
KdTamvu, to “ swallow.”] Difficulty in 
swallowing. See Dysphagia. 
A-cau'lis.® [From a, priv., and can'Its, 
a “stem.”] Having no stem : acau'line. 
Increased rapidity 
of the pulse, respiration, etc. 
\c-(,(‘l-(‘-rafor, o'ri'a.® [From «c- 
cel'ero, accelera'tum, to “hasten.”] Ap- 
plied to a muscle of the penis (Accele- 
rator uri'nse) whose action propels the 
urine; also named Ejacula'tor sem'inis, 
from a similar office as to the semen. 
[Aeces'sio, o'lits; 
from acce’do, acces'sum, to “go to,” to 
“approach,” to “be added to.”] The 
approach, or onset, of diseases, or 
of fits, paroxysms or exacerbations in 
fevers, etc. 
Accessorii WiUisii,* ak-ses-so're-i 
wil-lis'e-i. The “accessory nerves of 
Willis,” so named from the discoverer. 
The superior respiratory nerves, a pair 
arising from the spinal cord and joining 
the par vaguin. 
so-ry’. [Accesso rius; from 
the same.] Usually applied to muscular 
appendages that assist the action of 
larger muscles. 
[Ac'cidens; from ac'- 
cido, to “happen.”] A familiar word 
used by the French as synonymous with 
symptom. See Accidentia. 
[Aeciilenta'lis; from 
the same.] Adventitious; happening 
unexpectedly. Applied by French and 
some English writers to textures result- 
ing from morbid action. 
Acclden'tal Colors. A series of 
optical phenomena, so named by Buffon, 
and now known by the name of Ocular 
13 ACC 
ACE 
Spectra. If the eye be steadily directed 
for some time to a white wafer upon a 
dark ground, and be then turned aside, 
a well-defined image of the wafer will be 
perceived, with the colors reversed: the 
wafer will appear dark, the ground 
white. This new appearance is termed 
the accidental color, or ocular spectrum. 
By using differently colored wafers we 
obtain the following results 
Color of wafer. Color of spectra. 
Black White. 
Red Bluish-green. 
Orange Blue. 
Yellow Indigo. 
Aceplmla. See Acephalcs. 
Accplialia,* as-e-fa'le-a. [From a, 
priv., and se<l>a\r\, the “head.”] A form of 
foetal monstrosity, consisting in the want 
of the head. 
Acephalobrachia,* a-sef'a-lo-bra- 
ki'a. [From a, priv., Kr.<pd\rj, the “ head,” 
and (ipaximv, the “ arm.”] A form of 
foetal monstrosity, consisting in the ab- 
sence of head and arms. 
[From the 
same.] A monster-foetus, having neither 
head nor arms. 
[From a, 
priv., Kc<jia\ri, the “head,” and sapMa, the 
“ heart.”] A form of monstrosity, con- 
sisting in the absence of head and heart. 
A-feph a-lo-car'dl-us.* [From the 
same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
and heart. 
Aceplialwhirus,® or Accphalo* 
cheirus,* a-sef'a-lo-kl'rus. [From u, 
priv., KC(pa\r\, the “head,” and the 
“hand.”] A monster-foetus, without 
head and hands. 
Acephalocyst,* a-sef'a-lo-slst. 
[Acepli'alocys'tis: from a, priv., Kt<pa\ij, 
the “head,” and kvittis, a “bladder.”] 
The headless hydatid, formed like a 
bladder. 
[From a, 
priv., KetjtaXri, the “ head,” and yaanip, the 
“stomach” or “belly.”] A monster- 
foetus, without head, chest, and upper 
part of the belly. 
A-ccph'a-lo-gas't rl-a." [From the 
same.] A form of monstrosity, consist- 
ing in the want of head, chest, and 
belly. 
A-?eph'a-Io-po'dI-a.* [From a, priv., 
KtijmXij, the “head,” and roif, mSns, the 
“foot.”] A form of monstrosity, consist- 
ing in the absence of head and feet. 
A-fepli'a-lop'o-diiM.* [From the 
same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
and feet. 
Acoptialoradiia,* a-sef'a-lo-ra'- 
ke-a. [From a, priv., sctpaM), the “head,” 
and pox:if, the “spine.”] A form of mon- 
strosity, consisting in the want of head 
and spinal column. 
A-feph'a-lo-ra'ehl-ns.* [From the 
same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
and spinal column. 
Accphalostoma. See Acephalos- 
tomits. 
A-$eph'a-lo-sto'mI-a.* [From a, 
priv., KetpaXfi, the “head,” and crrdpa, a 
“mouth.”] A form of monstrosity, con- 
sisting in the want of a head, but with 
an aperture like a mouth. 
Green 
Violet with a 
little red. 
Blue Orange-red. 
Indigo Orange-yellow. 
Violet .....Bluish-green. 
Darwin classes the Spectra under the 
two heads of direct and reverse; the 
former depending on the permanence of 
the impression, the latter upon exhaus- 
tion. 
Accidentia,* ak-se-den'she-a. [From 
ac'cido, to “ happen,” ac'cidens, “ hap- 
pening,” “that which happens.”] A 
chance or occurrence happening to one 
unexpectedly: an ac'cidcnt. 
Ac-tij)'i-tcr.:; [From accip'io, to 
“ take.”] A bird of prey. In the plural 
(Accipitres, ak-sip'e-trez) applied to an 
order of birds, including the hawk, 
eagle, etc., called also Rapa'ces, and 
Rapt o'res, from their rapacious or pre- 
datory character. 
Ac-cli'mat-cd. [Acclima'tus. Fr. 
acclimate, ak'kle'm&'td'.] Thoroughly 
accustomed to a climate. 
Ac-cli-uia-ti-za'tion. [Accliniati- 
za'tio, o'a/s.] The process or state of 
being acclimated. 
Ac-cli'vi#.* [From ad, “to,” and 
di'cus, the “side of a hill.”] “Sloping 
upwards.” Applied to a muscle of the 
abdomen, from the oblique ascent of its 
fibres, the Obli'quus in ter'n un. 
Accouchement (Fr.), ak'koosh'moN®'. 
[From acconcher, ak'koo'shi', to “put to 
bed,” to “deliver.”] The act of being 
delivered; delivery. 
Accoucheur, ak'koo'shun'. [From 
the same.] A man-midwife; an obstetri- 
cian. 
Ac-cre'tion. [Accre'tio. o'nis ; from 
ad, “to,” and cres'co, ere'turn, to “grow.”] 
The process by which nutrient particles 
are added to the various tissues. The 
adhering together of parts naturally 
separate, as the fingers, etc. 
14 A-ce]>hA-los'to-inus.' or A-cepIi - 
a-Ios'to-ma.* [From the same.] A 
monster-foetus, without a head, but 
having an aperture like a mouth. 
[From a, 
priv., KcjuiXn, the “head,” and Owpaf, the 
“chest.”] A form of monstrosity, 
consisting in the want of head and 
chest. 
[From the 
same.] A monster-foetus, without head 
and chest. 
A-ceph'a-lns.* [From a, priv, and 
Ke<j>a\r), tho “head.”] Without a head: 
aceph'alous. In the neuter plural 
(Aceph'ala) applied to a class of Mol- 
lueca having no appearance of a head. 
The maple. 
Af'era,* the plural of A'cer, a “ma- 
ple-tree,”—forming the Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Ace- 
uacea:. 
A'terSac-eha-ri'niim.* The sugar- 
maple-tree. 
Aceracese,* as-e-ra'she-e, or A-?er. 
in *«•*.* [From a cer, the “maple-tree.”] 
A natural order of plants including the 
maple. 
[Ace'ras, a'tis.] A com- 
bination of aceric acid with .a salifiable 
base. 
[Acer'bita*, a 'tie; 
from acer'bne, “crude,” “harsh.”] Sour- 
ness, with harshness. 
A-c6r'i«. [Acer'ions; from a'cer, 
the “ maple-tree.”] Pertaining to the 
Acer. Applied to an acid obtained from 
the juices of A'cer campee'tre, and A'cer 
peeu'do-plnt'aHue. 
Acerinese. [From the same.] See 
Acekacr/E. • 
Af'rr-ese. [Acerosns; from a'cue, 
ar/erie, “chaff.”] Chaffy; like chaff. 
A-cer'vii-Iuh.* [Diminutive of acer- 
ime, a "heap-”] The collection of sand- 
like particles found in the pineal gland: 
an aeer'vule. 
[Acen'cens; from oce*'- 
co, to “grow sour.”] Becoming sour. 
A-ce'ta,* the plural of Ace'tum, 
“vinegar,” applied in Pharmacy to 
preparations of vinegar. 
Av-o-trtb'u-Ium.* [From ace'tum, 
“vinegar.”] A little cup used by the an- 
cients for holding vinegar. Applied, in 
Anatomy, to the round cavity in the Oe 
innominatnm which receives the head of 
the Oe femorie. 
A compound of aldehyde 
with ether; formed by the action of pla- 
tinum black on the vapor of alcohol 
ACE 
with tho presence of oxygen. It is a 
colorless, very fluid liquid, having a 
peculiar odor, suggesting that of Hun- 
gary wines. 
At-e-ta rl-iim,* plural 
[From ace'turn, “vinegar.”] A salad 
made of roots or herbs mixed with oil, 
salt, and vinegar. 
Acota'riuin Scor-tm'tl-eum.* A 
kind of pickle for scorbutic patients. 
At'c-tiite. [Ace'tas, n't is.] A com- 
bination of acetic acid with a base. 
A-cet'ic. [Aeet'i«*us; from ace turn, 
“vinegar.”] Belonging to vinegar. Ap- 
plied to an acid the product of acetous 
fermentation. 
A-cet'I-ca.* [From the same.] Phar- 
maceutical preparations of vinegar. 
Acet'ic Af'iil. Acet'i- 
cnm.] The sour principle which exists 
in vinegar. It occurs ready-formed in 
several products of the vegetable king- 
dom; it is also generated during the 
spontaneous fermentation of many vege- 
table and animal juices. Two kinds 
are known in Pharmacy,—viz.: Ar/idnm 
acet'icnm diln'tum, “dilute acetic acid,” 
or common distilled vinegar, with very 
minute portions of uncombined mucilage 
and extractive. Afidnm acet'icnm for'- 
tiue, “strong acetic acid.” This variety 
is obtained by distillation from wood, 
generally that of oak coppice deprived 
of its bark, and is then termed pyrolig- 
neous acid; also by decomposing tho 
acetates by sulphuric acid; it is then 
termed radical vinegar; and when mixed 
with camphor and essential oils, it is 
called “ Henry’s Aromatic Essence of 
Vinegar,” and Marseilles or Thieves’ 
Vinegar, or Vinaiyre dee Quatre Volcurs 
d& kata vo'lun'). See Gla- 
cial Acid. 
A-cetl-fl-oafimi. [Acetifiea'tio, 
o'nie; from ace'tam, and facia, to 
“make.”] The act or process of making 
vinegar. 
Ac'e-tlte. [Ace'tls, l'tie ; from ace'- 
tnm.\ An erroneous name for the salt 
of acetone acid, in distinction from that 
of accticacid, given when theseacids were 
supposed to be different. The proper 
term is Acetate, which see. 
Ac-e-toni'(-t»>r. [AcetomVtrum: 
from ace'turn, and n&pov, a “ measure.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of vinegar. 
A substance found, as an 
impurity, associated with pyro-acetic 
spirit, or naphtha. 
Av-e-to'sa.* [From a’ceo, to “be 
ACE 
15 ACE 
ACI 
*our.”] The specific name of Ttumex 
acetosa. 
A-ce-to-sel'la.® [From accto'sa.] The 
former Pharmacopceial name (Lond. Ph. 
1836) for the Oxalis ncelosella. 
A-ce'toils. [Aceto'sus; from ace'- 
tum.] Pertaining to vinegar; acetic. 
A-ce'tuin.® [From a'ceo, to “be 
sour.”] Acetic or acetous acid in a very 
diluted state; common vinegar. The 
varieties of vinegar known in commerce 
are three:—Wine vinegar, Malt vinegar, 
and Sugar vinegar. The strongest malt 
vinegar is termed j>roof vinegar, and is 
called by the manufacturer No. 24; it is 
estimated to contain 4.73 per cent, of 
real acetic acid. See Acetic Acid. 
A hypothetical radical, 
produced by the abstraction of twro 
atoms of oxygen from ethyl, by oxi- 
dating processes. It pervades a series 
of compounds, including acetic acid, 
from which it derives its name. 
Acliseiiium,® a-ke'nc-um; written 
also Aclie'niiun. [From a, priv., and 
yaiVu, to “open.”] An indehiscent fruit: 
it is one-celled and one-seeded, dry, and 
having the integuments of the seed dis- 
tinct from it. 
Aclieir, a-kir', or Acheirus. See 
Acmitrs. 
Achillea,® ak-il-le'a. A genus of 
syngenesious plants. The A. ager'atum 
has properties similar to those of tansy. 
The A. millefo’lium, common yarrow or 
milfoil, is sometimes used in dyspepsia, 
flatulence, etc.; also in haemorrhage. 
A-eliil'lis Ten'do.® (The “Tendon 
of Achil'lcs.”) The strong tendon of the 
gastroene'mii, or gnstrocne'mius and solse'us 
muscles. Also called Chorda Magna, 
or the “great sinew.” 
Aclilrous, a-ki'rus, or Acheirous. 
[Achi'rus, or Achei'rus; from a. priv., 
and yefp, the “ hand.”] Having no hands. 
Achlainydeotis, ak-la-mul'e-us. 
[Aclilamyd'etis; from a, priv., and 
vs, a “ short cloak.”] Without calyx 
or corolla. 
Achne,® ak'ne. [Gr. ayrrj.] A shred of 
lint. A flake of mucous-like substance 
on the cornea. 
Acltolous, ak'o-lus. [Ach'olus; 
from a, priv., and \o\ri, “bile.”] With- 
out bile ; deficient in bile. 
A'ehor,®plural A-cho'reS. [Gr. nya'p, 
“scurf” or “dandruff.”] A small pus- 
tule containing a straw-colored fluid, 
and forming scaly eruptions about the 
head of young children; a species of 
scald-head. 
Achoristus,® ak-o-ris'tus. [From a, 
priv., and to “separate.”] A 
sign or symptom which is inseparable 
from (or which invariably accompanies) 
a particular state of health or disease. 
Ach'ro-a.® [From a, priv., and ypoa, 
“color.”] A colorless state of the skin, 
caused by the absence of the usual color- 
ing matter of the rete mucosum. Com- 
pare Dyschkoa. 
Acliro-umt'ic. [Achronmt'lcus; 
from a, priv., and xpwpa, “color.”] That 
which does not admit the colors of the 
solar spectrum. Lenses in which the 
prismatic aberration of light (caused by 
refraction) is corrected, are termed achro- 
matic. 
A-vliro'ma-t ism. [ Aetiromutis- 
nius; from the same.] The correction 
of the aberration of light arising from 
refraction. 
A-eh-ro'ma-top'sI-a.® [From a, priv., 
Xpd>ga, “color,” and oxpn, “vision.”] 
Inability to distinguish colors: achro’- 
matopsy. 
Achylosis,® ak-e-lo'sis. [From a, 
priv., and jcdAoj, “juice,” and hence 
“chyle.”] Deficient chylification. 
Achyinosis,® ak-e-mo'sis. [From a, 
priv., and xi>p<k, “chyme.”] Deficient 
chymification. 
Acia,* a'she-a. [From a'cus, a “nee- 
dle.”] A word used by Celsus, sup- 
posed to mean the thread in a needle 
with which a suture is made to join the 
lips of a wound; also, the suture itself. 
A-cic'u-la,® plural, A-ric'ii-lfe. [Di- 
minutive of a'cm, a “needle."] A little 
needle: an aj'icule. See Spicula. 
A-dc'u-lar. [Acicula'ris; from ncic'- 
ula.~\ Like a.small needle; spicular. 
A-cic'u-lii-tcd. [ Aden la't us.] 
Having acicuhe. 
A(i(I. [Adidas, Af’idiim: from 
a'ceo, to “be sour.”] Sour; sharp to the 
taste, like vinegar. As a noun it signi- 
fies a compound substance which unites 
in definite proportions with alkaline 
bases, and has the property of turning 
vegetable blues to red. 
At'i(la,:; the plural of Acinuir, an acid. 
[ Acidif'eras; 
from aq'idum, an “acid,” and Je'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or containing acid. 
A-eid'I-fi'a-ble. [Acidifiab'ilis; 
from a</idiis, “sour,” and fi'o, to “be- 
come.”] Capable of becoming acid. 
A-cid'I-fl-ea'tion. [Acidifica'tlo, 
oW] The net or process of forming, 
or impregnating with, acid. See next 
article. ACI 
A-cid'I-fy. [From afidus, “sour,” 
and facio, to “make.”] To make sour 
or acid; to convert into an acid. 
A-cid'i-fy-ing. [Acidif'icus; from 
afidus, and fa' cio, to “ make.”] Making 
acid; converting into an acid. 
Acidifying; Prin'ci-ple. That 
which forms an acid. 
Ac-ld-im'e-ter. [Acidini'etrum; 
from afiduni, an “acid,” and uirpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the strength of acids or the 
amount of free acid. See next ar- 
ticle. 
Av-id-im'e-tr jf. [Acidime'trin; 
from afidum, “acid,” and perpao, to 
“ measure.”] The process by which the 
strength of acids is measured, or by 
which the amount of uncombined or free 
acid is determined. 
A-cid'I-tjr. [Acid'itas, n't is; from 
acjidus, “sour.”] The quality of sour- 
ness. See Acor. 
Acidmnoter. See Acidimeter. 
A-cid'u-la-ted. [ Aciilula'tus; from 
acid'ulus, “slightly acid.”] Slightly 
blended with acid. 
A-cid'u-Ioutt. [Aeifl'ulns; from 
the same.] Slightly acid; subacid. 
Ac'i-dum,*plural Av'I-da. [The neu- 
ter form of afidus, “sour.”] An Acid, 
which see. 
Acies,* a'she-ez or a'se-ez. [From dsn, 
a “sharp point.”] A name for iron or 
steel. 
[Acinacifor'mis; 
from acin'aces, a “scimitar.”] In the 
form of a scimitar. 
Ac-l-nc'sl-a,® or ik-i-nesl-a.5 
[From a, priv., and Kivrjv<s, “motion.”] 
Loss of motion in the whole or part of 
the body. 
The plural of Acinus, which 
see. 
A-cinT-form. [Acinifor'mis; from 
af in us, a “grape” or “grape-stone.”] 
Having the appearance of a grape or 
grape-stone. See Acinus. 
or A?'i-nous. [Acino'- 
nus; from the same.] Having acini, 
or full of acini. 
Af'I-nus,® or Ac'I-nos.® [Gr. dsivo;, 
the “stone of grapes;” a “grape.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural (afini) to the small 
granulations composing the substance 
of the liver and other glandular bodies. 
Also a term used in Botany to denote 
the small berries which form the fruit of 
the bramble, rasp, etc. Also a species 
of thyme. 
The sturgeon, a 
genus of fishes from which isinglass 13 
prepared. See Ichthyocolla. 
Acme.® [fir. «*>«), the ‘‘point,” 
“top,” “period of greatest vigor.”] The 
highest degree, or height, of a disease; 
the crisis. 
Ac'ne.* [Supposed to be derived from 
ac'me, because it is apt to affect those 
who are in the bloom of life.] A papu- 
lar eruption, mostly occurring on the 
face, but sometimes extending to the 
neck, shoulders, or breast. 
Ac'ne Rosa'cea*(ro-za'she-a). Pim- 
ples on the face; the conspicuous erup- 
tion, of a bright rosy hue, on the nose 
and contiguous parts of the face, in 
drunkards. Called also Gut'ta Bo'sea, or 
Rosy-drop. 
Accelius,® a-se'le-us, or Acoe'lios.® 
[From <1, priv., and soiXia, the “belly.”] 
Having no belly; wasted to such a degree 
as to have this appearance. 
A-coI'o-s?y- [Aeolo'gia; from «*oj, 
a “remedy,” and Adyoj, a “discourse.”] 
The doctrine or science of remedies. By 
some the term is limited to the considera- 
tion of surgical and mechanical remedies. 
A-con'djMoii*. [From a, priv., and 
xowinXo,-, a “joint.”] Without joints. 
Ac'o-nite. The common name for 
Aconitum Napellus. 
Aconitla,® ak-o-nish'e-a, or A-con'I- 
tln. [Aconiti'na; from aconi'tumi] 
An alkaloid constituting the active princi- 
ple of aconite. It is a powerful poison. 
Ac-o-nit'ic An acid obtained 
from aconite. 
Ac-o-ni'ti Fo'II-um.* (“Leaf of 
Aconite.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Aconi’tum 
n apel'lus. 
Aconi'ti Ra dix.® (“Root of Aco- 
nite.”) The Pharmacopoeial name |[ for 
the root of Aconitum napellus. 
Ac-o-ni'tnm.* [From Ac'onm, aplace 
in Bithynia where it was common.] The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for the 
leaves and tops of Aconitum napellus. 
Aconi'tum Xa-pcl'lns.* The sys- 
tematic name of aconite. 
A'cor, o'r(g.* [From a'ceo, to “be 
sour.”] Acidity, as in the stomach from 
indigestion. 
A-co'rl-a.® [From a, priv., and sopcui, 
to “satisfy.”] Insatiable hunger. 
A-cor iinnis. [Acor'nius; from a, 
priv., and the “ trunk of a tree.”] 
Having no stem. 
Ac'o-rus,* Ac'o-rnm.* [fir. asopov.] 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph. 
1836) for Acorus calamus. A Linnsean 
ACO 
17 ACO 
ACR 
genus of the class Hexandria, order 
Monogynia, Jussieuan system Aroidese. 
Acorns A-si-ati-ciiH, Ae’orus Ve'« 
ros.* Other names for Acorns calamus. 
Ac'orus Cal'a-mns. ' The systematic 
name of the common sweet flag. See 
preceding article. 
Acotyledon,* a-kot-i-le'don. [From 
a, priv., and KorvXr/Jjjv, ovos, a “seed-lobe.”] 
A plant having no seed-lobe: without a 
cotyledon. In the plural, applied to a 
division of the Jussieuan system. See 
next article. 
Acotyledones,* a-kot-I-le'do-nez. 
[From the same.] Acotyledonous plants; 
plants whose seeds have no distinct co- 
tyledons. The term is usually applied 
to what are more commonly named 
Cryptogamic plants, such as ferns, mosses, 
lichens, etc., in which there are no seeds, 
properly so called, but which are propa- 
gated by undivided spherical bodies 
called spores. 
A-cel-.f-lnl 'o-nous. [Acotyledo'- 
ncus, Acotyle'donus; from the same.] 
Having no cotyledon or seed-lobe. See 
Cotyledon. 
Acoumcter, a-koo'me-ter or a-kow'- 
m§-ter. [Acou'inctruin; from ukovq>, 
to “ hear,” and ptrpov, a “measure.”] An 
instrument for estimating the extent of 
hearing. 
Acouophonia,* a-koo-o-fo'ne-a. 
[From dsova), to “hear,” and <pdvrt, a 
“voice” or “sound.”] A mode of aus- 
cultation in which the observer places 
his ear on the chest and analyzes the 
sound produced by percussion. 
A-cous'ma„ Mis.* [From okovcj, to 
“hear.”] A species of depraved hear- 
ing, in which sounds are imagined as if 
really heard. 
Acoustic, a-koos'tik or a-kow'stik. 
[Aeous'ticus; from avownis, a “hearer.”] 
Pertaining to sound, or the sense of hear- 
ing. Anciently applied to remedies (called 
aconstica medicamenta) for deafness. 
Acoustic l>uct. See Meatus Au- 
ditories. 
Acoustic Nerve. The auditory nerve, 
or Portia mollis of the seventh pair. 
A-cous'tics. [Acous'tica; from 
aKovo, to “ hear.”] The doctrine of the 
theory and principles of sound: the sci- 
ence of sound. 
Ac-quis'i-tlvc-ness. According to 
Phrenology, that faculty or propensity 
which impels to the acquisition of pro- 
perty. • 
Acrsepalus,* a-krep'a-lus, or A- 
cru-p'a-los.* [BTom a, priv., and spat- 
frdXij, “drunken or gluttonous excess.”] 
Correcting the effects of excess in eating 
or drinking. 
A*cra'nl-»y.s [From a, priv., an 
Kpavtov, the “cranium.”] A spcci*s o. 
defective development consisting in par- 
tial or total absence of the cranium. 
Acratia,* a-kra'te-a. [From a, priv., 
and KfuiTO;, “ strength.”] Weakness, irn- 
potcncy. 
Ac'rid. [From a'cer,or a’cris, “sharp.”] 
A term applied to substances producing 
a disagreeable sense of irritation or burn- 
ing on the tongue or in the fauces. ’ 
Ac'ri-ino-nj. [Acrinio'nia: fro. 
a’cris, “sharp,” “ acrid.”] A sharp, acrid 
corrosive quality, biting to the tongue.' 
Ac'rimony of the Humor: 
change supposed to take place in 
fluids of the body, causing disease. 
A-crin'I-a.* [From a, priv., and kptvoy, 
to “discern,” to “secrete.”] A diminu- 
tion or total suppression of the secretions. 
A-cri'sI-t*.* [From a, priv., and xpioif, 
a “judgment.”] A state of disease in 
which there is either no crisis, or in which 
no judgment or opinion can be formed. 
Ac'ri-tn. [From a, priv., and sp'uw, 
to “discern,” to “perceive,” to “judge.”] 
A subdivision of the Radiata of Cuvier, 
including animals which have no trace 
of any organs of perception or of any 
nervous system. It comprehends Polypi, 
Infusoria, and other animals of the very 
lowest type. 
A-crit'i-cal. [Ac'ritus; from a, 
priv., and Kpiriis, “judged,” from spirto, to 
“judge.”] Having no regular crisis. 
Ac-ro-bys'tI-i».;i: [From aicpov, “ex- 
tremity,” and 6vu, to “cover.”] The pre- 
puce. 
Ac'ro-dont. [Ac'rodon; from 
axpov, “extremity” or “summit,” and 
diuvf, d&ovT-os, a “tooth.”] Applied by 
Owen to scaly Saurii having teeth an- 
kylosed to the summit of the alveolar 
ridge. 
Ae-ro-dyn'I-a.® [From auepov, “ex- 
tremity,” and ocvvrj, “pain.”] Acute 
rheumatism of the extremities, head, 
hands, or feet. 
Ac'ro-£en. An acrogenous plant. 
See next article. 
A-cro£'e-nous. from 
aicpov, “summit,” and ycru>,to “be born.”] 
Growing from their tops. The Latin 
term in the plural feminine (Acrogenie, 
a-kroj'e-ne) is applied to plants which 
grow from their external points, and 
whose increase is in length mainly. 
Ac-ro-ma'nl-jj.* [From oxpoj, “ex- 
18 ACR 
ACU 
Irerne,” and pavia, “madness.”] Con- 
firmed or incurable madness. 
[Acromia'lis.] Per- 
.ining to the acromion. 
A-ero'ml-on.* ‘[From (Upov, “ex- 
remity” or “summit,” and topo,-, the 
“shoulder.”] The projecting process of 
the Scapula. 
Ac-roni-pha'lf-on,* Acrom'pha- 
lon.* Ac-rom-phall-um,* Acrom- 
phaliun.*' [From tutpor, “ summit” or 
“ point,” and opj>a\6s, the “ navel.”] The 
centre of the navel, to which the cord is 
tached in the foetus. 
Acronycal. See AcRONYCTors. 
Ac-roil-jre'tons. [Acronyc'tus; 
m auepov, “extremity,” and vx>l, wkt6s, 
’ t.”] Applied to stars appearing 
unset and disappearing at sunrise 
mset and sunrise being the two “ex- 
tremities of the night”); in other words, 
to stars or planets when opposite the 
sun. 
Aero-spire. [ Acrospira; from 
aspor, “extremity,” “end,” and <nmpa, 
any thing wound round another.] A 
sprout or plumule from the end of seeds 
when germinating. 
A-crot'ic. [Acrot'icus; from aspog, 
“extreme,” “outermost part.”] Belong- 
ing to the external surface. Applied in 
the plural neuter (Acrot'ica) to an order 
of the class Eccritica, in Good’s classifi- 
cation. 
Ae'ro-tism. [AcrutLs'mus; from a, 
priv., and spdros, the “pulse.”] A defect 
of the pulse. 
Ac-tiu-I-for/mis. s [From dieriv, or 
dsn's, a “ray.”] Exhibiting the form 
or appearance of rays. The same as 
Actinoides. 
Ve t in-ism. [ Act iiiis iuus: from 
(mtiV.] That branch of Natural Philoso- 
phy which treats of the radiation of 
heat or light (Mayne); but more usually 
the chemical power of the sun’s rays as 
distinguished from light or heat. 
Ac-tin-o-car'pous. [Act i linear'- 
pu«t; from dsns, a “ray,” and sapmos, 
“fruit.”] Having trophosperms radiated 
like the rays of fruit. 
Ac-tin-oc'er-dte. Ae-tin-ov'or-oiis. 
[ Actinoccra'f ux, Actlno«'erus; from 
dxnv, and sepaS, a “ horn.”] Having parts 
like radiated horns. 
Ac-tiu-o'iles The same as Actixoid. 
Act iii-oi«i. [Act inoiiles: from 
dsnv, a “ray,” and ddos, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling rays, or a ray. 
Ac-Mn'o-lite. [Actinolitlinx; from 
dsnv, a “ray,” and Xi0o$, a “stone.”] A 
species of mineral composed of radiated 
crystals. 
Ac-tin-oni'e-tcr. [Actinom'c- 
t rum; from dKnv, a “ray,” and pirp<n, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for indi- 
cating the strength of the sun’s rays. 
Ac-tiu-o-xo'um,# or Ac-tin-o-zo- 
«n5 (plural Actiuoxo'a). [From ducriv, 
and \,<mv, an “animal.”] The name of 
certain Acephala Gastrica having ap- 
pendages, and often the areas'of the sur- 
face, radiated. 
Action. [Artlo, o' nig / from a'go, 
ac'tum, to “do,” to “act.”] The exer- 
cise of an active power; a faculty or 
function of the body. 
Acftlve. [Acti'vns; from the same.] 
Acting with energy. Applied to treat- 
ment of the sick, to certain medicines, 
and to surgical remedies. 
Ae'td-al [From saiw, to 
“burn;” or Kavrripiov, a “red-hot iron,” a 
“branding-iron.”] A red-hot iron, or 
fire, used by surgeons as a cautery, be- 
cause it really burns away the part or 
surface to which it is applied, in contra- 
distinction to caustic substances, termed 
potential cauteries, which produce a 
similar result without actual burning. 
Also called Ignis actualis, “actual fire.” 
See CAUTERY. 
A-cu'lc-ate. [Aculea'tus ; from 
acu'leus, a “prickle.”] Having prickles. 
A-eu'Ic-us.* [From a'cus, a “needle.”] 
A prickle arising from the bark or epi- 
dermis of any part of a plant, and 
which may be peeled off with the bark. 
A-cu'ml-nate. [Acmniiintiis; 
from acu'men, acu’minis, a “point,” 
“sharpness.”] Pointed; tapering to a 
point. 
Ac-u-pres'sJon. [Aeuprcs'sio; from 
a'cus, a “needle,” and pre'mo, pres’sum, 
to “ press.”] Dr. J. Y. Simpson’s plan of 
securing against haemorrhage in wounds 
or operations, by inserting a needle 
through the skin below the divided ves- 
sel, and returning its point to the cuta- 
neous surface again, the ends being left 
out to a sufficient extent. 
Ac-u-punc'ture. [Acupunctu'ra; 
from n'cus, a “ needle,” and pun'go, punc'- 
tum, to “prick.”] A small puncture 
made with a needle. 
V eils Cnn-im-Ia'tn.' A trochar: a 
cannulated needle used in surgery. 
A'cus In-tor-|»iuie-to'ri-a. A 
couching-needlc, used in operating on 
the eye. 
A'cus Oplt-diftl'ml-ca.* A couching 
or ophthalmic needle. 
19 ACU 
ADE 
A'cus Tri-quc'tra.® A troohar: a 
three-cornered needle. 
Ac-ut-an'Ku-lar, or Ac-ut-an'jfu- 
late. [A«ilan«iila'rls, Aculangii- 
la'tus; from acu'tus, “sharp,” and 
an'yulus, a “corner.”] Having sharp 
angles. 
A-cute'. [Acu'tus; from ac'uo, acu'- 
tum, to “sharpen,” to “point.”] Ending 
in a point. Applied also to diseases 
having violent symptoms attended with 
danger, and terminating within a few 
days. 
Ac-u-te-nac'ii-liim.* [From a'cus, a 
'“needle,” and tenac'ulum, a “handle.”] 
A handle for a needle. Also called Porte- 
aiyuille. 
A - a- n o- hi cp'sl-a.: [From a, priv., 
Kvai/os, “ blue,” and (i\cnw, to “ look,” to 
“see.”] Defect of vision by which blue 
color cannot be distinguished. 
Acyesis,* as-i-e'sis. [From a, priv., 
and kvi/uis, “pregnancy.”] Sterility in 
women. 
Ad. A Latin preposition signifying 
“to,” “at,” “by,” “towards,” “near,” 
“with,” etc. In compound words the 
d is usually changed to correspond with 
the following letter. Thus, ad becomes 
ac before c, al before l, ap before p, etc. 
Ad. or Add. === Ad'de, adda'tur,* etc. 
“Add,” or “let there be added.” 
Ad I>cf. Anlini = Ad defectionem 
animi* (ad de-fek-she-o'nem an'e-mi). 
“To fainting.” 
Ad Deliquium® (de-lik'we-um), or 
Ad ]>cliq'uium An'imi.® “To faint- 
ing.” Used in directions for venesection. 
Ad 2 Vic. = Ad du'as vi'cesJ5 “At 
two times,” or “at twice taking.” 
Ad Liib. = Ad libi'tum.* “At plea- 
sure.” 
A-dac'ry-a.® [From a, priv., and 
baKpvov, a “tear.”] A deficiency of the 
lachrymal secretion. 
Adsemonia,® a-de-mo'ne-a. [From 
a, priv., and dalyuiv, “fortune.”] Restless 
or unhappy thoughts; anxiety. 
Ad'a-inant. [Ad'amas, Adaman'- 
tis; from a, neg., and iapaoj, to “subdue.”] 
Literally, “that which [on account of its 
hardness] cannot be subdued.” Diamond, 
the hardest of all substances. 
Ad-a-man'tinc. [Adaman'tinus; 
from the preceding.] Having the hard- 
ness or lustre of adamant. 
Adam's Apple. See Pomum Ad a mi. 
Ad-ap'ter. A tube used in Chemistry 
for increasing the length of the neck of 
a retort, or for connecting the retort 
with the receiver, where the orifice of 
the latter is not large enough to admit 
the beak of the retort. 
Ad-de-pha'&i-m® [From acV, or 
aoirtv, “abundantly,” and faycts, to “oat.”] 
Voracious appetite, or Bulimia. 
Ad'di-son's IMs-ea.se'. The Melasma 
suprarenale, first described by him. 
[From ad'do, 
ad'ditum, to “add” or “adjoin.”] A 
small suture sometimes found added to 
the lambdoid and squamous sutures. 
Ad-du'cens.® [From ad, “to,” and 
du'eo, to “lead,” to “draw.”] Drawing 
together: addu'cent. 
Ad-due'lion. [Adduc'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] That movement by 
which one part, as a limb or finger, i 
drawn to another, or to the mesial line. 
Ad-duc'tor, o'ris.* [From the same.] 
Applied to muscles that perform adduc- 
tion. See Antithenar. 
A'den,* gen. Ad'enis. [Gr. ainr, a 
“gland.”] A gland. A bubo. 
Ad-oii-ftl'gl-n.® [From alfjv, a 
“gland,” and a\yof, “pain.”] Pain in a 
gland: adenal'gy. 
Ad'en-em-plirax'is.® [From ainv, a 
“gland,” and “obstruction.”] 
Glandular obstruction. 
Ad-cn'I-forni. [Adeuiform'is; 
from a'den, a “gland.”] Formed like a 
gland; glandiform. See Adenoid. 
Ad-en-i'tis, idts.® [From dhr/v, a 
“gland.”] Inflammation of a gland; 
bubo. 
Ad'en-o-dyn'I-n.* [From ainr, altvos, 
a “gland,” and Minn, “pain.”] Pain in a 
gland. See Adenalgia. 
Ad-cn-og'ni-pliy. [Adenograpli.'- 
ia; from din», a “gland,” and ypd<bw, to 
“ write.”] A treatise or dissertation on 
the glandular system. 
Ad'en-oid. [Adenoi'des; from d<nv, 
a “gland,” and eihos, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a gland. 
Ad-en-ol'o-£y. [Adenolo'fria; from 
dSnr, a “gland,” and X<5yoj, a “discourse.”] 
The doctrine of the glandular system. 
The science which treats of glands or 
of the glandular system. 
Ad'en-o-iuc-nin'&c-us.® [From dine, 
a “gland,” and prjvlyf, a “membrane.”] 
Applied to mucous or pituitous fever 
(Febris adenomeningea), because the 
membranes and follicular glands of the 
intestines were held to be the chief seat 
of the complaint. 
Ad'en-un-co'sls,® or Aden-on-ko'- 
sis.® [From ddfjv, a “gland,” and dysAco, 
to “puff up” or “swell.”] Swelling of a 
gland. 
20 ADE 
ADN 
Aden-o-ner'vous. The same as 
Adenoxeurosus, which see. 
Ad en-o-neu-ro'sns.* [From diijv, 
a “gland,” and vci>poeKa “nerve.”] Ap- 
plied to the plague (Febris adenoneu- 
rosa), because situated in the nerves 
and lymphatic glands of the axilla and 
groin: adenonerv'ous. 
Aden-o-ptaftr-jfn-&i'tis, id is A 
[From diljr, a “gland,” and <pdpiry£, the 
“ pharynx.”] Inflammation of the ton- 
sils and pharynx. 
Ad'en-oph-thal'ml-a.* [From dine, 
a “gland,” and opOaXpos, the “eye.”] In- 
flammation of the Meibomian glands: 
adenophthal'my. 
Ad'en-o-phy'nia.* [From dirje, a 
“gland,” and ipvpa, a “tumor.”] The 
swelling of a gland. When it occurs in 
the liver it is called hepatophi/ma. 
Ad'en-o-scle-ro'sis.* [From aim', 
a “gland,” and <ncXrip6m, to “harden.”] 
A hard, indolent swelling of a gland, 
not of a scirrhous character. 
Ad'en-ose. [Adeno'siis; from a'den, 
a “gland.”] Having many glands; 
glandulous. 
Ad-en-ot'o-my. [Adenoto'mia; 
from aihe, dicesa “ gland,” and repem, 
to “ cut.”] Dissection of the glands. 
Adephagia. See Addephagia. 
A'deps, gen. Ad'I-pis.* A Latin term, 
signifying fat, animal oil. 
A'deps An-ser-i'ii ns.* Goose-grease. 
A'deps O-vil lus. Fat of the sheep ; 
inutton-suet. 
A'deps Prie-pa-ra'tus.* Prepared 
lard. 
A'deps Sii-il'lus.* Hog’s lard ; Ax- 
nngia porcina. The same as Lardum. 
Ad-he’sion. [Adlue'sio, o'nis ; 
from -ad, “to,” and hee'reo, hie sum, to 
“ stick.”] That property by which cer- 
tain bodies attract others, or their par- 
ticles adhere to each other. One of the 
terminations of inflammation. 
Ad-he'SIve. [Adluesi'vus; from 
the same.] Having the property of ad- 
hesion. See Glutinous, Viscous. 
Adhe'sive Iu-flam-ma'tioii. [In- 
flainma'tia adlisesi'va.] The process 
by which the sides of incised wounds, 
being brought into exact contact, unite 
without suppuration, constituting union 
by the first intention. 
Ad-he'sive I*las'ter. [Emplas'- 
triiin Adhjesi'vum.] Common name 
for the Emplastrum Resinas, which see. 
Ad-i-au'tullfl.S [Gr. diiavrov • from a, 
priv., and iiaircj, to “ moisten so named 
because less juicy than many other 
ferns, or because the leaves are not 
easily moistened.] A genus of ferns 
called maiden-hair, from which a syrup 
termed capillaire is prepared. See Ca- 
PILLAIRE. 
A-d*'a-plio-re'sis.:ii [From a, priv., 
and iiapopem, to “ perspire.”] Deficient 
cutaneous perspiration. See Adiap- 
NEUSTIA. 
A-dl-apli'o-rus.* [From a, priv., and 
iiapcpw, to “differ.”] Formerly applied 
to medicines which did neither good nor 
harm; also to neutral salts: adiaph'o- 
rous. 
A-di'ap-neus'tl-a.* [From a, priv., 
and iiarrecco, to “ breathe through,” to 
“evaporate.”] The absence, obstruction, 
or diminution of perspiration. 
Adipocere, or Adipocire, ad'e-po- 
ser'. [Adipoce'ra; from a'deps, ad'ipis, 
“fat,” and ce'ra, “wax.”] A peculiar 
substance like fat, or spermaceti, formed 
by the spontaneous conversion of the 
flesh of man or other animals when 
placed for a considerable period in moist 
situations or under water; also called 
Grave-wax. 
Ad'I-pose. [Adlpo'sus; from adept, 
ad'ipis, “fat.”] Of the nature of fat; 
fatty. 
Ad'ipose Ar'te-ries. The branches 
of the diaphragmatic, capsular, and 
renal arteries, because they supply the 
fat round the kidneys. 
Ad'ipose 3Iem'bran«, Ad' iposo 
Tis'sue. Cellular membrane with fat 
collected in its cells. 
Ad-I-po'sis.* [From n'deps.] The 
growth of fatness or obesity. 
A-dip'sI-a.* [From a, priv., and iiipa, 
“thirst.”] Absence of thirst; a genus 
of the order Dysorexim, class Locales, 
of Cullen’s nosology. 
A-dip'sous. [Adip'sus. or Adip'sos; 
from the same.] Allaying thirst. Ap- 
plied to medicines and fruits which so act. 
Ad'jec-tive. [Adjecti'vus; from 
adjiq'io, adjec'turn, to “ add to.”] Ap- 
plied to coloring matters which require 
to be fixed through the addition of an- 
other substance termed a mordant. 
Ad'ju-vant. [Ad'juvans; from 
ad'juvo, to “assist.”] Assisting other re- 
medies. 
Ad-niix'ture. [Admistu'ra: from 
ad, “to” or “with,” and mis'ceo, mis'tum 
or mix'turn, to “mix.”] A mixing or 
blending one substance with another. 
Adsnov. = Admo've* “apply,” or 
Admovea'tur,® “let there be applied.” 
Adnata. See Tunica Adnata. 
21 ADN 
JRG 
Adiinte. [Adna'tiiN; from ad, “to,” 
and nun'<or, na'tun, to “be born,” to 
“grow.”] Connected or grown together. 
Ad-o-Fs'cence. f Adolescenlia, 
ad-o-les-sen'she-a; from adoleseo, to 
“grow,” to “grow up to maturity.”] 
Youth; the period between puberty and 
full development: from fourteen or fifteen 
to about twenty-five in males, and from 
twelve or thirteen to twenty-one in 
females. 
Ad-op'ter. The same as Adapter. 
Ad-us-cu-lfi'f ion. [Aditscula'lio. 
o'nis; from ad, “to” or “towards,” and 
os'culor, oscnla'tus, to “ kiss.”] The im- 
pregnation of plants by the pollen coming 
in contact with the pistils; the joining or 
inserting one part of the plant into an- 
other. Also the external contact of the 
genital organs of the opposite sexes in 
birds and fishes during impregnation, 
instead of the insertion of that of the 
male. 
Ad Pon'dus Om'm-uin.* “ To the 
weight of the whole.” Used in prescrip- 
tions to indicate the proportion of some 
particular ingredient. 
Adragr. ntliin. See Tragacanthin. 
Adst. Fe'bre = Adstan’te fe'bre* 
“Fever being present,” or when the 
fever is on. 
Ad'ult. [Adnl'tus; from ado'leo, 
adul'tum, to “ grow up.”] Applied to 
animals arrived at maturity; also some- 
times applied to plants. See AItas. 
Ad-ul-te-ra'tion. [Adultera'tio, 
o'nis ; from adn/'fera, adultera'tnm, to 
“ adulterate,” to “counterfeit.”] The cor- 
rupting of |Hire ingredients with others 
resembling them, but of inferior value. 
A-dus l ion. [Adns'tio, o'nis; from 
adu'ro, adus'tum, to “burn.,” to “scorch.”] 
A synonym of cauterization; the appli- 
cation of the actual cautery to any part 
of the body. See Amrustio. 
Adventitious, ad-ven-tish'us. [Ad- 
venti'tius; from adre'nio, adren'tum, to 
“come to,” to “come to accidentally.”] 
That which is accidental or acquired, in 
opposition to what is natural or heredi- 
tary. 
Ad-ver-sl-fo'll-ate. [Adversilo'- 
lius; from adver'sns, “against,” and fa - 
Hum, a “leat.”] Having leaves against 
or opposite to each other. 
Ad-y-na'mi-a. ' [From a, priv., and 
dvvantg, “ power.”] Loss or deficiency of 
vital power; adyn'amy. 
Ad-y-nani'ie. [Adynam'icus.] 
Pertaining to Adynamia. 
Ahbcitis (e-de-i'tis), idis.* [From 
aidoTa, the “parts of generation,” the 
“pudenda.”] Inflammation of the pu- 
denda. 
. > ni;t. e-de-o-dip'e-a. [From 
aidoia, the “ pudenda,” and ddvrn, “pain.”] 
Pain in the genital organs, from what- 
ever cause. 
F-<I<»“-o-gra|»lii-a. [From aidoia, 
the “pudenda,” and ypdipa>, to “write.”] 
Description of the parts of generation. 
.K-<l<i“-o-lo gi-a. : [From aiioia, the 
“pudenda,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on the parts of generation, 
their structure and functions; also that 
branch of Anatomy or Physiology treat- 
ing of the same. 
.F-iUe-op-soplii-a. or iE-dop-so'- 
phi-a. [From aidoia, the “pudenda,” 
and to “make a noise.”] The 
sound caused by the escape of wind 
from the womb per vaginam, or from 
the bladder per urethram, in females. 
.F-doo-osoo-py. [l>l(eosco'pia, 
or rEfloewp'sia: from aidoia, the “pu- 
denda,” aKonco), to “see;” oi[«s, “ vision.”] 
Examination or inspection of the pu- 
denda, 
.F-flloe-ot «>-iiiy. [,I'xl(eoto'niin; 
from aidoia, the “pudenda,” and rcpio, to 
“cut.”] The anatomy or dissection of 
the parts of generation. 
■F.-gag-ro-pi Ins.* [From aiyaypog, 
the “wild goat,” and niXog, "hair wrought 
into felt.”] A concretion found in the 
stomach of goats, deer, cows, etc., com- 
posed of hair collected on the tongue of 
the animal in licking itself, and swal- 
lowed. 
iEsil«ps(ej'il-ops).o'p''i-* [From <uf, 
diyoi, a “goat,” and oty, the “eye.”] A 
sinuous ulcer under the inner angle of 
the eye, so called from its resemblance 
to the larmier or infra-orbital glandular 
sac of goats: now considered to be only 
a stage of the Jin tula lachry malts. 
Algobroncho|diouy, e-go-bron-kof'- 
o-ne. [.Eg-ottroiielioplm'nia: from 
ar£, a “goat.” and bronehopho'tiia.] The 
bleating and bronchial voice; the prin- 
cipal symptom in pleuro-pneumonia. 
See Bronchophony. 
Al-gonl-a.' (Contraction of AEV/o- 
pho'nia.) A minor degree of aegophony, 
or a resonance of voice intermediate be- 
tween well-marked bronchophony and 
aegophony. 
.Kgopliony, e-gofo-ne. [ iEgoplio'- 
nia; from off, duydg, a “goat,” and (ptorij, 
the “voice.”] In auscultation, a strong 
resonance of the voice, jerking and 
tremulous, like that of the goat or kid. 
22 iEO 
JER 
AEolipile, e-ol'e-pll. [From JE'oliis, 
the “god of the winds,” and pi'la, a 
“ball.”] Literally, “Aiolus’s ball.” A 
hollow ball of metal with two orifices on 
opposite sides. If water bo placed in 
such a ball and converted to steam, the 
escape of the latter reacting on the atmo- 
sphere may be made to communicate a 
rotary motion to the ball. 
Aura,* c-o'ra. [From aiopeco, to “ raise 
into the air.”] A species of gestation; 
swinging. 
Ahltiilibrium,® e-kwi-lib'bre-um. 
[From te'qnus, “equal,” and li'bro, to 
“balance,” to “weigh.”] Literally, a 
“balancing of forces.” That rest which 
occurs when many forces applied to the 
same body are equally opposed. In Me- 
dicine it signifies the harmonious action 
of the organs of the body. 
/E'qui-valved. [.Hqiiival'via; from 
se'quns, “equal,” and val'vre, “folding 
doors.”] Having equal valves. Applied 
to a dehiscent pericarp so formed. 
A'er.® [From dnp, depot, “ air,” the “ at- 
mosphere.”] The natural air wo breathe; 
atmospheric air. 
Aerate, [From tho preceding.] 
To impregnate with carbonic acid gas. 
A'e-rat-ed. [A'eratus.] Applied to 
liquids impregnated with carbonic acid 
gas. 
A'er Fix'us.® Fixed air, or carbonic 
acid gas. 
A-e'ri-al At'kl. Carbonic acid gas. 
Ae'rlal Plants. Certain plants which 
can live by absorption from the atmo- 
sphere, without requiring their roots to 
be fixed to any place ; as the Flos a'eris. 
See Aerophvtum. 
Aeriferous, a-er-iFer-ous. [Aer'ifer; 
from a'er, “air,” and fe'ro, to “bear,” to 
“carry.”] Air-bearing. Applied to the 
air-passages, the windpipe, bronchi, etc. 
Aer-I-fl-ea'tion. [Aerifiea'tio, 
o'nis; from a'er, “air” or “gas,” and 
fa'cio, to " make.”] The converting of 
a body into gas. 
A'er-I-form. [Aerifor'mls; from 
a'er, “air” or “gas.”] Having the form 
of air or gas ; gaseous. 
A-er-o-dy n-am'ic. [Acrmlynam'i- 
eus; from arjp, and forapif, “power.”] 
Pertaining to the force of the air. 
A-er-o-dy'n-ain'Ics. [Aerodyn- 
nm'ica; from the same.] The doctrine 
of the air and its properties while in 
motion. 
A-er-ogr'ra-piiy* [Verograpliia; 
from a’er, “ air,” and ypi<p(o, to “ write.”] 
A description of the air. 
Aerolite, a'er-o-lit; written also 
A'c-ro-litli. [From drjp, the “atmo- 
sphere,” and Xido;, a “ stone.”] A certain 
meteoric stone which falls from the 
heavens: an aerolite or aerolith. Also 
termed a Meteorolite. See Brontoljth. 
[Aerolo'ffla; from 
ar'ip, “air,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] A 
treatise or consideration of the proper- 
ties of air. 
A-er-oin'e-ter. [Aeroni'etrum; 
from drip, “ air,” and psrpov, a “measure.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the 
mean bulk of gases. 
A-er-om'e-try. [Acrome'tria; 
from the same.] The ascertaining of 
the physical properties of atmospheric 
air, their nature and history. 
A-cr-o-pho'bi-a.* [From arjp, “air,” 
and “ fear.”] A dread of any cur- 
rent of air; because in hydrophobia and 
some other diseases it induces a parox- 
ysm : aeroph'oby. 
Aerophyte, a'er-o-phit. [Aeropli'- 
ytiini; from drip, “air,” and <pvtoj, a 
“ plant.”] A plant that lives in the air 
without being rooted in the earth. See 
Aerial Plants. 
A-e-ros'co-py. [From drip, “air,” 
and oKmeb}, to “survey,” to “examine.”] 
The investigation of the air. 
Arose, e'ros. [Aro'sns; from res, 
se'ris, “ copper” or “ brass.”] Of the 
nature of copper; coppery. 
A-er-o-stat'ic. [Aerostat'ieus; 
from drjp, “air,” and crariKij, the “science 
of weights.”] Pertaining to the science 
of the weight of air, or Aerostatics. 
A-cr-o-staflcs. [Aerostat'! ca; 
from the same.] The doctrine of air, 
its specific gravity, and properties in a 
state of rest. 
A-er-os-ta't ion. [ Aerostat io, 
o'nis; from a'er, and sto, sta'tum, to 
“stand.”] Literally, “standing (orbeing 
suspended) in the air.” The raising and 
supporting of heavy bodies by the buoy- 
ancy of heated air or light gases re- 
ceived into a spherical bag called a 
balloon. 
A3-ro'sns I.a'pis.® (“ Coppery 
Stone.”) A name for lapis calaminaris, 
from the notion of its being a copper ore. 
A-rii'gin-ons, or A-ru-gln'e-ous. 
[Arngino'sns; from leru'go, seru'ginis.'] 
Pertaining to copper-rust, or verdigris. 
Applied to a bluish-green color like 
verdigris, or like the leaves of some pine- 
trees. 
A3-ru'go,*gen. .*-ru'£in-is. [Con- 
traction of s/ris rubi'yo, the “ rust of cop- 
23 A5S 
MT 
per.” See A3s.] The rust of a metal, 
especially copper. The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) of the impure 
subacetate of copper. See Verdigris. 
AEs,*’ gen. JE'ri*. The Latin term for 
“copper” or “brass.” 
t'o-rin'tlil-um.* [yEs, “ brass,” 
and Corin' thins, belonging to “Corinth.”] 
A kind of brass produced, as it is said, by 
an accidental mixture of metals at the 
burning of Corinth. It appears, how- 
ever, from Pliny, to have been in use in 
Corinth long before the burning of that 
city. 
AEs Us'tnm.* \_JEs, “copper,” and 
us'tus, “burnt;” from u’ro, us'turn, to 
“burn.”] Burnt copper; a preparation 
consisting of equal parts of copper and 
rough brimstone, laid in strata, with a 
small quantity of common salt sprinkled 
on each layer, and exposed to the fire 
till the brimstone is burned out. It has 
been called jEs Ven'eris ( Venus being one 
of the ancient names for copper), cre- 
ma'tum, Ci'nis se'ris, Cro'cus Ven'eris, etc. 
AEsculin, or AEsculine, es'ku-lin. 
An alkaloid lately discovered in the bark 
of the yEsculus Hippocastannm, or horse- 
chestnut ; supposed to be a febrifuge. 
AEstntes,* es-ta'tez. [The nominative 
plural of ees'tas, “summer.”] Heat-spots; 
freckles ; sunburnings. See Ephelis. 
iEstliesia,® es-the'se-a. [From aurdd- 
vogau, to “perceive,” to “feel.”] Per- 
ception ; feeling; sensibility. 
AEstliesis,* es-the'sis. [From the 
same.] Feeling or sensibility; also, sense 
or sensation. 
iEs-thet'ic. [.bsthct'icus; from 
the same.] Pertaining to the under- 
standing, or mental perception. The 
Latin term, in the plural neuter (NEs- 
thet'icn), forms the name of an order of 
the class Neurotica in Dr. Good’s ar- 
rangement. 
.Ks-tliet'ic'*. [AEsthet'ica; from 
the same.] Literally, the science of the 
sensations or perceptions. The scienco 
which explains the cause of the pleasure 
or displeasure derived from the contem- 
plation of the works of nature or art. 
.F.s-ti-vfv't ion. or Es-tl-va'tion. 
[iEstiva'tio, o'nit; from sesti'vo, sesti- 
va'tum, to “spend the summer,” to “re- 
tire for the summer season.”] The state 
in which the different parts of the flower 
are folded in the bud: prefloration. 
AEs-tu-a'ii-um.*' [From rns'tus, 
“heat,” “boiling water,” the “tide.”] 
Literally, a place where there is boiling 
or raging water: hence, an estuary (i.e. 
an arm of the sea, or part of a river in 
which the tide rises). A stove for apply- 
ing dry heat to all parts of the body at 
once; also a vapor-bath. 
.JJstus,* es'tus. (See preceding arti- 
cle.) Heat, as well natural heat in in- 
tense degree, as that which is the effect 
of inflammatory disease. 
vEs'tus Vo-lat'I-cus.* The sudden 
flushing of the face; also Strophulus 
volaticus, or wild-fire rash of children. 
iE'taa,* gen. “Age.” Differ- 
ent writers have designated different 
stages in the life of man; but perhaps 
the most usual division is into five 
periods, as follow :— 
1. Infancy (infan'tia), generally con- 
sidered to extend to about the seventh 
year, or to the second dentition. 2. 
Childhood (pueri'tia), extending from 
the seventh to the fourteenth or fifteenth 
year, the period of puberty. 3. Adoi.es- 
Cence (adolescen'tia), or Youth, reaching 
in males from the age of about fifteen to 
twenty-five; iu females, from thirteen 
to twenty-one. 4. Adult Age, or Man- 
hood (viril'itas or te'tas viri'lis, the 
“ manly age”), extending from the close 
of adolescence to about the fiftieth year. 
5. Old Age (senec'tus), which compre- 
hends the declining portion of life. 
The Roman writers again subdivided 
Manhood into different stages, as vE'tas 
Firma'ta, the prime or full strength of 
man,—the age from thirty to thirty-five; 
jE'tas Matu'ra, the age of maturity or 
prudence,—the age of fifty. 
Old age was variously subdivided, as 
vE'tas Pkovec'ta, advanced age; AS'tas 
Ingraves'cens, the age when the weight 
of years begins to be sensibly felt; jE'tas 
Decrep'ita or Crep'ita, decrepit age: 
reckoned from the sixtieth year, and end- 
ing in death. 
.I-the're-a.® [Neuter plural of tethe’- 
reus, “ethereal.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for preparations of 
ether. See Ether. 
.!%’till-ops. or E’tlil-ops.* [From 
aldiop, “ black.”] A name anciently given 
to several black powders. 
Aii-ti-ino-iil-a'lis.® A 
term applied to a compound of ASthiops 
mineral with the sulphuret of antimony. 
AE'tlilops Itlar'fial. An old name 
for the deutoxide of iron. 
AS'tliiops Min'e-ral. The black sul- 
phuret of mercury (Hydrar’gyri Sulphu- 
re'tuni Ni'grum). As an anthelmintic, it 
has been called Poudre Vermifuge Mercu- 
rielle (poodR veR’me'fuzh' meR'kii're-ell'l. 
24 A2T 
AFF 
.X'thiojM per se* (per se). The 
name given by Boerhaave to the gray 
oxide formed by long agitation of mer- 
cury in a bottle half full of air. 
.ll tliiops Vej-c-tab'l-lLs.5 A name 
given to a specieJ of charcoal, prepared 
by burning the Fucus vegiculanus in the 
open air and reducing it to a black 
powder. 
ABtli'o-£en. [From aWos, “fire,” or 
“light,” and yewda, to “produce.”] A 
compound of boron and nitrogen, which 
gives a brilliant phosphorescent light 
when heated before the blow-pipe. 
Jlthri-seope. [From dipOa, the 
“clear sky,” and amnia, to “observe.”] 
An instrument invented by Sir John 
Leslie for indicating the power of the 
clouds in preventing radiation. It con- 
sists of the differential thermometer, 
having one of the balls excluded from 
the light and the other placed in a 
polished metallic cup. Exposed to a 
clear part of the sky, the heat radiated 
from it escapes rapidly, and the tem- 
perature falls; exposed to a cloud, the 
radiated heat is restored and there is no 
reduction of temperature. 
JE-thtiKn Cy-na'pl-um.* Lesser 
Hemlock, or Fool’s Parsley; a plant of 
the order Umbelliferse, possessing poi- 
sonous properties. It yields an alkaloid 
called eynapia. 
.IMi-ol'o-gy. from 
atria, “cause,” and Atfyo;, a “discourse.”] 
The science of the causes of disease. 
Aetites,* a-e-ti'tez. [From derdf, an 
“eagle,” XiOos, a “stone,” being under- 
stood.] Eagle-stone. A clay-ironstone, 
hollow, and containing another substance 
within it of variable composition. 
Af-fec'tion. [AIFec'tio, o'nig ; from 
affi/nio, affedturn, to “affect,” to “dis- 
turb.”] Nearly synonymous with “dis- 
ease,” as inflammatory, nervous, or rheu- 
matic affection, etc. 
Af fer-ens.* [From ad, “ to,” and fe'ro, 
to “bring.”] Applied to the lymphatic 
vessels, or Vasa afferentia: aff'erent. 
Aflerentia,* af-fer-en'she-a, the plu- 
ral neuter of Afferens, which see. 
Af-An'i-tjL [Afllu'itas, a'tig ; from 
ad, “to,” “on,” and finis, “boundary:” 
affi’nia, “on the boundary,” “near,” 
“connected with,” “neighboring.”] 
Literally, “connection by marriage.” 
That kind of attraction by which differ- 
ent classes of substances combine to 
form new substances, as in the case of an 
alkali with an acid, forming a salt. As 
marriage unites persons of different or 
opposite sexes, so affinity unites sub- 
stances of different and often opposite 
qualities: e.g. a supporter of combustion 
with a combustible, an alkali with an 
acid, etc. Affinity is sometimes used, 
but less appropriately, to denote attrac- 
tion in a more general sense. See Af- 
finity of Aggregation. 
Single or Simple Affinity is the 
power by which two elementary bodies 
combine. 
Elec'tive Affinity denotes the pre- 
ference which one body manifests in 
combining with another rather than 
with a third or fourth, etc. 
Double Elective Affinity occurs 
when two compounds decompose each 
other and two new compounds are 
formed by an exchange of elements. 
Thus, when sulphate of zinc and carbon- 
ate of potassa are mixed, the sulphuric 
acid leaves the zinc and unites with the 
potassa, forming sulphate of potassa, 
while the carbonic acid combines with 
the zinc, producing carbonate of zinc. 
Quies'cent Affinity is that which 
tends to maintain the elements of a 
compound in their present state, prevent- 
ing decomposition. 
Divel'lent Affinity (from divcl'lo, 
to “pull apart,” to “separate”) is that 
which tends to arrange the particles of 
a compound in a new form, producing 
decomposition. In mixing different com- 
pounds, if the sum total of the divellent 
be more powerful than that of the qui- 
escent affinities, decomposition takes 
place. 
Disposing Affinity is that which 
promotes the tendency of bodies to 
combine in a particular way, by pre- 
senting to them a third substance which 
exerts a strong attraction to the com- 
pound they form: when the combina- 
tion has been effected, the third sub- 
stance may be withdrawn. Some writers 
call this tendency to unite the affinity 
of intermedium, or intermediate affinity. 
Berthollet styles it “reciprocal affinity.” 
Afliu'ity of Ag-gre-ga'tion. A force 
by which two substances tend to com- 
bine and form an aggregate, without 
their properties being changed. An- 
other term for the attraction of cohesion. 
Afliii'it.y, Ctiem'5-cal, or Allia ify 
proper. That property or attraction by 
which different elements unite with each 
other, forming new substances. See 
Affinity. 
Aflinity, IiiternuHliate. See Af- 
finity (Disposing). AFP 
AGG 
Affin'ity, Vi'tal. That power which 
forms the solids and fluids from the 
common circulating fluids. 
Af-ila'tus.* [From ad, “to,” “upon,” 
andJio, flu'turn, to “blow.”] Applied to 
a species of erysipelas, as if blown upon 
by an unwholesome blast. 
Al-llux'us.* [From ad, “to” or 
“towards,” and Jlu'o, flux'am or fluc'- 
tum, to “flow.”] Af'flux ; a name given 
in former times to a supposed reciprocal 
influence of terrestrial bodies: it was 
compared to the effect of a magnet on 
iron, and of amber on chaff. Afliuxus or 
afflux is also used to denote the flow or 
determination of blood or other fluid of 
the body to a particular part. 
Af-fti'&iou. [Aflfu'sio, it'nis ; from 
ad, “to,” “upon,” and fun' do, fu'sum, to 
“pour.”] The pouring of water on a 
substance to cleanse it. Applied to the 
pouring on a patient, in certain fevers, 
of a liberal quantity of cold water: the 
cold affusion. To this head some writers 
refer Lotions, Aspersions, Shower- 
Baths, which will be n' diced in their 
alphabetical places. 
Af'ter-Siirth. The common English 
term for the placenta, cord, and mem- 
branes, or secundines. 
Af'ter-I»ains. Those pains, more or 
less severe, after expulsion of the after- 
birth, from the contractile efforts of the 
uterus to return to its normal condition. 
Agalaeta'tio. See Agalactia. 
Ag-a-lac'tl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
yd\a, yaXtiKTO,, “milk.”] Deficiency of 
milk after child-birth. 
A-gam'i-eus.- [From a, priv., and 
yupog, “marriage.”] Sometimes applied, 
in Botany, to plants the sexual organs 
of which cannot be detected: crypto- 
gamic. 
Ag'am-ous. [From the same.] Sex- 
less. A term applied to the cryptogamous 
plants, from the notion that they possess 
no sexual characters. 
A-gar'I-cnm.® [Said to be derived 
from Aga'ria, or Ag'arum, a region of 
Sarmatia, where it was first discovered.] 
The agaric, a species of mushroom. 
A-gar'I-cns.* [See preceding arti- 
cle.] The generic name of the mush- 
room family, order Fungi, class Crypto- 
gamia. 
Agar'icns Cam-pes'tris.* The 
Linnsean name of the common eatable 
mushroom of Europe. 
Agar'ious A’hi-riir-go'rinn.* 
(“Surgeon's Agaric.”) See Agaricus 
Quercus. 
Ajcar'ieiis Jliiw'-rn'Iis.* (“ Mine- 
ral Agaric.”) The mountain milk or meal 
of the Germans; one of the purest of the 
native carbonates of lime, found in clefts 
of rocks, etc. It is named from its re- 
semblance to an agaric in texture and 
color. 
Agar'icus Qner'cus.® (“Agaric of 
the Oak.”) Bole'tus Tgnia'rius, or Touch- 
wood : a fungus formerly used for ar- 
resting external haemorrhages. 
Agate. [From Aeha'tes, a river of 
Sicily where agates, it is said, were first 
discovered.] A hard siliceous stone, used 
by lapidaries for engraving seals, ca- 
meos, and other objects of ornament. 
It is composed of chalcedony blended 
with jasper, quartz, and other minerals. 
A-ga've A-iner-i-ea'iiu.:s The Amer- 
ican Aloe. 
Aga've Cu-lien sis.® A species of 
American aloe, the roots of which 
resemble the red sarsaparilla of the 
shops. 
Age. See AStas. 
Agedoite. See Asparagin. 
Agenesia. See Agennesia. 
A-geai'e-sis.* [From a, priv., and 
yevuam, to “ beget,” or yivw, to “ be born.”] 
Applied to anomalies of organization, 
consisting in the absence or imperfect 
development of parts. 
Agennesia,* aj-en-ne'se-a, or A- 
gen'ne-sis.® [From the same.] Impo- 
tence, sterility. 
A'gent. [A'gens: from a'go, to 
“act” or “do.”] Any power or influ- 
ence which produces an effect on the 
human body. Thus, we speak of a 
“morbific agent,” that is, something 
which causes disease. In Chemistry, a 
substance capable of producing chemical 
action or a change in the composition of 
bodies. 
Agerasia,® aj-e-ra'se-a. [From a, 
priv., and ynpaf, “old age.”] The non-ap- 
pearance of the effects or infirmities of 
old age: a green old age. 
A-ger'a-tnm.* [Gr. dyriparov.] See 
Achillea Ageratitm. 
Ageusia. See Ageustia. 
Ageustia,* a-gus'te-a. [From a, priv., 
and yeva-t;, “tasting.”] Loss of taste. A 
genus of the order Dystesihesise, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ag-glom'er-ale, or Ag-glom'er- 
at-ed. [Agglomera'tus: from ag- 
glom'ero,' agglomera'turn (from ad, “to,” 
“on,” and glomus, a “ball”), to “wind 
upon a ball,” to “gather into a ball.”] 
Applied to glands. Applied also to the AGG 
AGR 
stamens of plants when collected in a 
globular form; and to amenta, or catkins, 
similarly disposed. 
Ag-giu'tl-uant. [ Aggl n't i nans; 
from ail, “ to,” and glutino, glutina'turn, 
to “glue.”] Applied to external appli- 
cations of a gluey nature, which favor 
the healing of parts by keeping them 
together. 
Ag-glu-tl-na'tion. [Agg'lut ina'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] A gluing or join- 
ing together: also the action of an ag- 
glutinant substance. See Collesis. 
Agglut ina't ion. Im-me'di-ate. 
Union by the first intention. 
Agglutination, ile'di-ate. The in- 
terposing of some substance between the 
lips of a wound, or the flaps after ampu- 
tation; as agaric, charpie, or lint, on 
which cerate is first spread. 
Ag gre-gate. [Aggrega'tus; from 
ag'grego, aggregation (from ad, “ to” or 
“together,” and grex, gre'gis, a “herd,” 
“flock,” or “crowd”), to “crowd to- 
gether,” to “gather together.”] Applied 
to flowers which have a number of 
smaller flowers collected into clusters. 
Applied also, in Chemistry, to several 
substances of the same kind producing 
one, its chemical properties not differing 
from theirs. In the plural neuter (Ag- 
grega'ta) it form3 the name of a family 
of the Mollusca, Acephala nuda, which 
are united in a common mass. See AG- 
GLOMERATE. 
Ag gregate. A body or mass made 
up of smaller bodies or masses. The 
smallest parts into which an aggregate 
can be divided without destroying its 
chemical properties are called integrant 
parts. 
Ag-gre-ga'tion. [From the same.] 
A collection of many individual par- 
ticles, etc., into a cluster or mass. Also, 
a form of attraction, commonly called 
that of cohesion, by which the particles 
of bodies are aggregated, or retained in 
the state of a solid. 
Ag-I-ta'tion. [Agita'tio, o'nis ; 
from u<Jito, agita'tum, to “shake,” to 
“agitate.”] The act of putting into 
active or violent motion. Mental emo- 
tion, from the violence of some prevail- 
ing passion. 
Agll -a.* [Gr. dyXi'ij.] A whitish speck 
on the cornea of the eye. 
Ag-lo-bu'SI-a.® [From a, priv., and 
glob'ulus, a “globule.”] Decrease or 
diminution in the quantity of blood- 
globules. 
Ag-Iu-tl'tion. [Agluti'tio, o'nis ; 
from a, priv., and glu'tio, glut?turn, t« 
“swallow.”] Inability to swallow. See 
Dysphagia. 
Ag-ni'na Mem-bra'na.* [From 
ag’nus, a “lamb,” and membrana, a 
“ membrane.”] The name given to one 
of the membranes of the foetus, on ac- 
count of its tenderness. The same as 
the amnion. 
Agni'na Tu'nl-ca.* [From ag’nus, a 
“lamb,” and tu'nica, a “coat.”] The 
lamb’s coat; the amnion. 
Agncea,* ag-ne'a. [From ayvoim, to 
“be ignorant.”] The state of a patient 
who does not reeognize persons or things. 
Ag'nus Cas'tus.* The chaste tree, a 
species of Vitex, formerly celebrated as 
an antaphrodisiac. This name has also 
been given to Castor Oil, or the oil of 
Ricinua communis, from its effects upon 
the body and mind. 
A-gom-|>hi'a-*is.* [From a, priv., 
and gomphdsis, the “insertion of the 
teeth in their sockets.”] Looseness of 
the teeth. 
A-go'ni-a.* [From a, priv., and y6vog, 
“seed,” “offspring.”] Sterility, or bar- 
renness. 
Ag-'o-ny. [From dyuiv, a “contest,” 
a “struggle.”] The last struggle of life, 
closing in death. 
A-gres'tis.® [From a'ger, a'gri, a 
“field.”] Pertaining to a field; the 
specific name of many plants. 
A'grI-a.* [Gr. aypia, the “holly.” 
Another name for the Aquifolium, c" 
holly. 
A’gria.:i [From dypiog, “wild,” “un- 
tamable.”] A pustular eruption, with 
redness and erosion ; named from its in- 
tractability. w 
Ag-ri-am'pe-los. [From dypiog, 
“wild,” and dprcchog, the “vine.”] An- 
other name for the Bryonia alba, or wild 
vine. 
Ag7ri-mo-ny. [ Agrimo'n aa F.upa- 
to'ria.] A plant of the order Rosacese, 
used as an astringent and stomachic. 
Ag-rl-o-riga-aiuin.* [From dypiog, 
“wild,” and opiyavov, “marjoram.”] The 
Orig’annm vulga're, or wild marjoram. 
Ag-ri-o-tliyni's-a.® [From iiypiog, 
“wild,” and dvp6g, “passion,” “rage.”] 
Furious insanity. 
A-grip'pa.* [As if JEgrippa, from 
eegri partus, “born with difficulty.”] 
A term applied to children born with 
the feet foremost. Hence the name of 
some celebrated Romans. 
Ag-ros-tog'ra-pby. [Agrosto- 
graphia; from aypcoong, a kind of 
27 AGR 
ALB 
■” grass,” ant. yp«<)>6>, to “ write.”] A trea- 
tise on grasses. 
A-grtiii'nl-a.® [From a, priv., and 
vrrrus, “sleep.”] Sleeplessness; watchful- 
ness, or wakefulness. 
A-gr.vp-iu»-<•<* !n:». [From 
aypvnrog, "sleepless,” and sioga, “lethar- 
gy.”] A lethargic state of wakefulness, 
with low muttering delirium, aptly ex- 
pressed otherwise by the term Coma-vigil. 
A'giie. [Supposed to be derived from 
the Gothic agis, “trembling.”] The 
common name for intermittent fever. 
A'gue-Cake. [ I’laccn la Febri'- 
lis.] Enlargement of the spleen, the 
effect of protracted ague. 
Agiie-IIrop. A solution of arseniate 
of potash ; Fowler's tasteless ague-drop, 
for which the Liquor arsenicalis is sub- 
stituted. It is used as a remedy in in- 
termittent fevers. 
A'gue-Tree. Another name for sas- 
safras, given on account of its virtues as 
a febrifuge. 
A-gyr'ta.* Formerly, a mountebank ; 
a person who collected a crowd about 
him; a quack. 
Ali-ri'zons. [Ahri'asus; from a, 
priv., and a “root.”] Applied to cer- 
tain acotyledonous plants, because repro- 
duced by spondee, without radicles, strik- 
ing root from any part of their surface. 
Air. [Lat. A'er, A'eris; Gr. dtp; 
from do), to “breathe.”] The natural 
air, or atmosphere: atmospheric air. 
When pure, it consists of about 20 parts 
(in the hundred) of oxygen and 80 of 
nitrogen; it contains also a small quan- 
tity of carbonic acid, the proportion of 
which varies greatly according to circum- 
stances, being far more abundant in the 
air of a densely peopled city than in the 
country. 
Air Bag-, or Air Bladder. See 
Vesica Natatoria. 
Air, Fixed. [AW Fix'us.] Car- 
bonic acid gas. 
Air, In-flam'ma-ble. Hydrogen gas. 
Air Pump. A machine by which 
the air in a vessel may be withdrawn. 
Air, Vi'tai (formerly called dephlo- 
gisticated air, empyrial air, etc.) is a 
term applied to oxygen gas, from its 
being indispensable to life. 
Altinesia. See Acinesia. 
Ai. The Arabic article signifying 
“the,” prefixed to many terms formerly 
in use; as al-chemy, al-kahest, al-cohol, 
etc. 
A'la,® plural A'Ise. [Supposed to be 
a contraction of axil'la, the “armpit.”] 
A wing. Applied, in Anatomy, to parts, 
from their resemblance to a wing, as «/« 
nasi, ‘‘wings of the nose,” etc.; also, to 
the armpit. In Botany it is applied to 
the side petals of papilionaceous flowers, 
and angles formed by leaves or stalks 
with their branches, etc. 
Al-a-bas'ter. [Lat. Alnbastri'tes, 
and Alabaa'ter; Gr. dXj/Jaorgo;, and <iXa- 
Bairtioj.'] Aspeciesof white gypsum (sul- 
phate of lime), used for ornamental pur- 
poses. The name is also sometimes ap- 
plied to a form of carbonate of lime. 
AI-a-tms'tmm.' [From the same.] 
A term applied to the five green leaves 
forming the calyx of some flowers before 
the expansion of the bud, from a sup- 
posed resemblance to an alabaster box. 
A'la? Ma-jo'res.® (“ Larger Wings.”) 
Another term for the labia externa of the 
pudenda. See Labia Puhendi. 
A'la? Ali-no'res.* (-“ Lesser Wings.”) 
A term applied to the two small folds 
formed by the nymphm. 
A'lie Jia'si.® (“Wings of the Nose.”) 
The lateral or movable cartilaginous 
parts of the nose. 
A'lte Ves-per-til-I-o'nfs.* (“Bat’s 
Wings.”) The broad ligaments situated 
between the uterus and the Fallopian 
tubes. 
AlWorniis. See Aliform. 
A-la'II -a.5 [From a, priv.,and \a\ew, 
to “speak.”] A defect of articulation. 
A-lan'tiiie. A starch-like powder, ob- 
tained from the Angelica Archangelica. 
A-la'resVe'iise.* [See Ai.ahis.] The 
superficial veins at the bend of the arm. 
A-la'rl-a Os'sa.* The lateral pro- 
cesses of the sphenoid bone. 
A-la'ris,* plural A-la'roS and A-Ia'- 
ri-a. [From a'la, a “wing.”] Wing-like: 
applied to the pterygoid processes of 
the sphenoid bone, to a ligament within 
the knee-joint, and to the inner veins of 
the bend of the arm. 
A'Jate. [Ala'tus; from a'la, a 
“wing.”] Winged, as certain stems and 
leaf-stalks having side membranes. 
Al bl-cans.® neuter plural Albican- 
4ia, al-be-kan'she-a. [From al'bieo, to 
“grow white.”] Applied (in the plural) 
to twTo small bodies on the base of the 
brain, the Corpora albicantia. 
Al-bi-cau'lis.* [From aVbus,“ white,” 
and can'(is, a “stem.”] Having a white 
stem: albican'] in e. 
Al-bt-ilac'tj-lus,® or Al-bo-ilnc'tj- 
lus.® [From al'bns, “white,” and 6uktv- 
Xof, a “finger.”] Having white, digitated 
wings. 
28 ALB 
ALC 
Al-bf-flrt'rus.* [From al’bus,“ white,” 
and Jlos, jlo'ris, a “ flower.”] Having 
white flowers. 
A1-bl- nci*' v us.9 [From al'bus, 
“white,” and ner’vus, a “nerve.”] Hav- 
ing white nervures. 
Al'bl-niSm. [From al'bus, “white.”] 
A diseased state, in which the skin is of a 
uniform dull, milky white color; the hair 
resembles bleached flax or silk; the iris 
is pink, and the retina and choroid, seen 
through the pupil, present another shade 
of the same color; the sight is weak, 
and strongest in the dark. 
Al-bi'no. A term applied to an indi- 
vidual marked by the above character- 
istics. There is the Ethiopian variety, 
found among negroes, and the European, 
found among Europeans and other white 
nations. See Lf.ucorathia. 
Albino-Skin. See Albinism. 
Al’bite. [Probably a contraction of 
al'bus, “white,” and li'thos, a “stone.] 
Soria Felspar, a silicate of alumina, re- 
sembling felspar in its properties, with 
the substitution of soda for potash. 
Al-bi-ven'ter,* Al-bl-vent ris.1 
[From al'bus, “ white,” and ven'ter, the 
“ belly.”] Having a white belly. 
Al-bu-gin'e-ou*. [Albngin'cns; 
from albu!<jo, albu'jinis, the “white of 
the eye.”] White like the sclerotic coat 
of the eye; also, pertaining to albumen, 
or white of egg. Applied to a membrane 
of the eye, also to a covering of the tes- 
ticles, each named Tu'nica albugin'ea. 
Al-bu'ffo,® gen. Vl-bii Ri-iiin. [From 
al'bus, “ white.”] The white of the eye ; 
sometimes the white of egg, or albumen. 
A white opacity of the cornea, not superfi- 
cial, but affecting its very substance ; also 
called the “pin and web.” See Argema 
and Leucoma. 
Al bum Graecum* (gre'kum). Stee'- 
en h ca'nis. The white and solid excre- 
ment of dogs which subsist chiefly on 
b >nes. It consists, for the most part, of 
the earth of bones or lime, in combina- 
tion with phosphoric acid. It was for- 
merly used in medicine; it is now some- 
times ujcd to soften leather in the 
process of dressing it after the depilatory 
action of lime. 
Al'buin Jffgmm.® The excrement 
of mice and rats; formerly used both 
externally and internally as a remedy, 
but now very properly abandoned. 
Al-bu'men,* gen. Al-bu'min-ls. 
[From al'bus, “ white.”] The white of an 
egg. A peculiar constituent principle, of 
essentially the same character as the al- 
bumen of an eg", found in the animal and 
vegetable kingdoms. It is distinguished 
by its property of coagulability on the 
application of heat. 
Animal albumen is the chief solid in- 
gredient in the white of eggs: it also 
enters largely into the composition of 
blood, muscles, etc. It may be obtained 
pure by coagulating the white of an egg 
with alcohol, washing thoroughly with 
that fluid, and then drying it at the 
temperature of 120° Fahrenheit. 
Albumen, Vegetable. See Vege- 
table Albumen. 
Al-bii'nii-uoUI. rAlbtiminoi'des; 
from albn’men, and cliof, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling albumen. Often used in the 
sense of Proteinaceous. See Protein. 
Al-bu'ml-nose. [From alhu’men.] 
A product of digestion found in the chyle 
and blood. It differs from albumen in 
not being coagulable by heat. 
Al-bu'min-ous. [Albnmino'sus. ] 
Containing or resembling albumen. 
Al-bu-min-u'rl-a.*' [Front albu'men, 
and uri'na, “urine.”] An albuminous 
state of the urine. See Nephritis Al- 
BUMINOSA. 
Al-bur'num.* [From al'bus, 
“white.”] The soft white substance 
between the inner bark and the wood 
of trees. See Sap-Wood. 
Alcana. See Alkana. 
Al-car'gen. Another name for Ca- 
codylic Acid, which see. 
Alchemy, al'kem-e. [Alche'mia, 
or Alchym'la. Supposed to be derived 
from the Arabic definite article al, and 
Xw/t'i, a “melting” or “pouring.”] A chi- 
merical art which proposed to find out 
the means of effecting the transmutation 
of metals and preparing a remedy for 
all diseases. 
AlcSiomea E.ul iibliu. See Alcor- 
noque. 
Alchymy. See Alchemy. 
Al-ci-cor'nls.* [From al'ce, an “elk,” 
and co/mm, a “horn.”] Having horns, 
or similar objects, like those of the elk. 
Alcoate. See Alcoholates. 
Al'co-hol, or Al'ko-hol. [From 
the Arabic definite article al, and koliol, 
an “impalpable powder,” “something 
very subtle.”] The Pharmacopceial name 
(U. S. and Br. Ph.) for rectified spirits. 
A term applied to the pure spirit ob- 
tained by distillation from all liquids 
which have undergone vinous fermenta- 
tion. When diluted with an equal weight 
of water, it is termed Proof spirit, or 
Spiritus tenuior of the Pharmacopoeia. 
29 ALC 
A LG 
The first product of distillation is tech- 
nically called low wine, and is again 
subjected to distillation. The latter por- 
tions of what comes over are called 
feints, and are reserved for a further 
process in tho wash-still. The second 
product is termed raw spirit, and when 
again distilled is called rectified spirit. 
The strongest alcohol which can be pro- 
cured is termed Absolute Alcohol, or 
Anhydrous Alcohol, to denote its entire 
freedom from water. 
Aleobol, Absolute. See Alcoiioi.. 
Al'cohol Aiu-ino-nl-a'tiiin.* The 
Spir itus ammo'nise a> omat'icus. A com- 
bination of alcohol and ammonia, pre- 
pared by passing ammoniacal gas into 
alcohol, which must be kept cool. 
Alcohol Aniylictiin. See Fusel Oil. 
Al'co-hol-atcs. [From alcohol.] Ap- 
plied to officinal medicines, differing from 
alcoholic tinctures, first, in the men- 
struum containing tne volatile principles 
of medicinal substances, and, secondly, 
in their mode of separation, which con- 
sists in impregnating the alcohol with 
medicinal principles, first by maceration 
and then by distillation. 
Al-co-hol'ic. [Alcohol iciis; from 
al'cohol.] Pertaining to alcohol. 
Al'co-hol-iSm. A diseased con- 
dition of the system resulting from the 
use of alcoholic drinks. 
Al-co-hol-l-za'tion. The develop- 
ment of alcohol in a liquid. 
Al-co-ho-lom'e-tcr. [Alcoholom'* 
etrum; from al'cohol, and perpov, a “ mea- 
sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
the quantity of alcohol in any fluid. 
Alcohonieter. See Alcoholometer. 
Alcoriionue, al'kon'nok'. (Fr.) The 
bark of the Alchornea latifolia, growing 
in the West Indies and South America. 
It is bitter and tonic, and has by some 
been regarded as a specific in phthisis. 
gen. [Gr. 
d\K')iiv; from aX;, the “ sea,” and kvu>, to 
“conceive,” because said to hatch its eggs 
in the sea.] A bird of the swallow kind, 
found in Cochin China and the Philip- 
pine Islands, whose nest, composed 
chiefly of a gelatinous matter, possesses 
nutritious properties, is esteemed as an 
article of diet in China, and used as an 
analeptic and aphr >disiac. 
Al'tle-Uyde. [From al, first syllable 
of al'cohol, and de-hyd, first two of de- 
hydrogena'tus, “deprived of hydrogen.”] 
A colorless liquid of a suffocating odor, 
and readily absorbing oxygen from the 
atmosphere. 
Al-de-hyd'lc. [Altlehyd'ieus; 
from aldehyde.] Pertaining to alde- 
hyde. 
Alder. See Alxcs. 
Ale. The fermented infusion of pale 
malted barley, usually combined with 
infusion of hops. 
Al-ec-tru'rous. [Aleetru'rus; 
from dXeKrup, a “cock,” and dupii, a 
“tail.”] Having a tail like the cock’s. 
A-lem'bie. [Alcm'bicus; from the 
Arabic al, and agSif, a “cup” or “pot.”] 
A glass, metal, or earthenware utensil, 
fitted to receive volatile products from 
retorts. 
A-lecn'brotli. [Said to signify, in 
Chaldaic, the “key to art or knowledge.”] 
The Salt of Wisdom of the Alchemists. 
A muriate of mercury and ammonia, 
corresponding to the Hydrar'gyrum 
priecipita'tum album of the London 
Pharmacopoeia. It is a compound of 
bichloride of mercury and sal ammoniac. 
Al'e-tris Far-I-sio'isa.* Star-grass. A 
plant of the natural order Asphodcliw. 
It is intensely bitter, and is used as a 
tonic. 
Al-ex-an'drI-a.* [Named from the 
place of its growth.] The name for the 
Pru'nus laurocer'asus ; tho Alexandrian 
laurel. 
Alexiptiarmaeon. See Alexi- 
PHARMIC. 
A-lex-I-pIiar'mle. [Alexipliar'- 
micus; from dXtfco, to “ward off,” to 
“protect,” and a “poison.”] 
Antipharmic; neutralizing the effects of 
poison. 
A-lex-I-py-ret'ic. [Alexipyret'l- 
ens; from dXtfw, and -aeperos, a “fever.”] 
Driving off fevers : febrifuge. 
Alfeze, or Alfcse, &'l&z'. [From d\eto>, 
to “protect.”] A cloth folded several 
times in order to protect the bed from 
discharges of blood, etc. 
Al'ga.* An herb or weed growing on 
the sea-shore: sea-weed. 
Alsraoese.* al-ga'she-e. An order of 
plants including the Algm or sea-weeds. 
They consist of leafless, flowerless 
plants, without any distinct axis of 
vegetation, growing in water. 
Aljgse,*al'je, the plural of Al'ga, a 
“sea-weed,” forming the Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Fuca- 
ce.e. 
Al'ga-rotli. [From Victor Algarotti, 
a physician of Verona.] The oxide of 
antimony in the form of a white powder. 
Al-£e'<lo, d'inis.*[From «Ayo«, “pain.”] 
Violent pain about the urethra, testes, 
30 ALU 
ALK 
bladder, perinseum, and anus, caused by 
sudden stoppage of severe gonorrhoea. 
Al'&id. [Al'ffidu*; from al'yeo, to 
“ be cold,” to “ sulfer from cold.”] Chilled 
with cold. 
Al gid Fhol'e-ra. [Chol era Al'- 
g-idu.J Applied to Asiatic cholera, on 
account of the diminution of temperature, 
this being one of its chief characteristic 
symptoms. 
Al'gi-da Fe'bris.* A term for a ma- 
lignant remittent fever, the Fiecre alyule 
(fe-AvR' of the continent, char- 
acterized by icy coldness on the sur- 
face. 
Al-go-i'deS.* [From al'ya, a “sea- 
weed,” and ei5o;, a “form.”] Resembling 
the al'gx: al'goid. 
Al'sror, o'«■/».* [From al'yeo, to “ be 
cold.”J The sense of coldness in the 
onset of fever: chillness. See Riuor. 
Al'I-ble. [Alib'ilis; from a'lo, to 
“nourish.”] Nutritious. 
Al'I-ca.* [From the same.] A kind 
of grain like wheat, supposed to be spelt, 
from which the ancients made their 
tisanes ; also a kind of pottage made of 
this. 
Alices,* al'e-sez. [From a\i'so>, to 
“sprinkle.”] Spots on the skin pre- 
ceding the eruption of small-pox. 
A'lien-ate, or A'lien-at-ed. [Alie- 
na' tus; from alie'no, allena'tum, to “es- 
trange,” to “ withdraw,” to “put away.”] 
Applied in Botany to first leaves, which 
give way to others different. 
Alienation, al'yen-a'shun. [Alie- 
na'tio, o'jus/ from the same.] Any 
species of derangement or wandering of 
ttie mind. 
Aliena'tion of Mind. Applied 
more especially to insanity, as distinct 
from derangements symptomatic of some 
other disease, as delirium, etc. 
Al'I-form. [Alifor'inis; from a'la, 
a “wing.”] Having the form of a wing: 
pterygoid. 
Al'l-ment. [Alimen'tum; from 
a'lo, to “nourish.”] That which affords 
nourishment. See Alitura, Pabulum. 
Al-I-men'ta-ry. [Alimenta'rius; 
from a'lo, to “nourish.”] Pertaining 
to aliment; nourishing. 
Alimen'tary Ca-nal'. The entire 
passage (from the mouth to the anus) 
through which the aliment or food 
passes. 
Alimen'tary I>uct. [Bue'tus Ali- 
menta'rius. ] A name sometimes ap- 
plied to the thoracic duct. 
Al-i-men-ta'tion. [Alimenta'tio, 
o' in's; from alimen'tum.] The act of 
taking or receiving nourishment. 
Al-I-pae'nos,* Al-i-p;i‘ inis.s [From 
a, priv., and AoraiVeo, to “make fat.”] 
Applied to very lean persons; also to 
dry external remedies, as powders, etc. 
Alipede, al'e-ped. [Al'ipes; from 
a'la, a “ wing,” and pes,pe'dis, a “ foot.”] 
Having winged feet. See Cheirop- 
terus. 
A-lis'ma Plan-ta'g-o,® or Plan- 
ta'g'o A-<iuat'i-ca.* The water-plan- 
tain, a medicinal plant formerly regarded 
as efficacious in cases of hydrophobia. 
Al-is-ma'ceous. [A lisma'ceiiM; 
from alls'ma, the “ water-plantain.”] 
Having an arrangement similar to that 
in the alls' ma. In the plural feminine 
(Alismacem, al-is-ma'she-e) applied to a 
natural order of plants. 
A-lis’moiil. [Alismoi'des; from 
alis'ma, and ethos, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling the allsma. 
Al-l-splie'noid. [Alisphenoidcs; 
from a'la, a “wing,” and os sphenoi'des, 
the “sphenoid bone.”] Applied by 
Owen to the middle or great wing of the 
sphenoid bone. 
Al-i-tu'ra. [From a’lo, al'itum, to 
“nourish.”] The process of assimilation 
or nutrition; food or nourishment; ali- 
ment. 
Alizarin, or Alizarine, 5,-liz'a-rin. 
[Alizari'na.] A coloring matter ex- 
tracted from madder (Ru'bia tincto'rum), 
called in France alizari (Ale'zAre'). 
Al'ka-hest. The pretended universal 
solvent or menstruum of the ancient 
chemists. But, if it dissolves all sub- 
stances, in what vessels can it be con- 
tained ? 
[Alkales'cens; 
from al'kali, and -es'co, a Latin termina- 
tion signifying to “grow,” to “become.”] 
Having slightly alkaline qualities; be- 
coming alkaline. 
Alkali, al'ka-le. [From the Arabic 
al, definite article, and lea’ll, the plant 
from which soda was first obtained.] 
A substance of peculiar properties, 
uniting with acids in definite propor- 
tions, thus forming salts, and having 
the power to change vegetable blues to 
green. It may be said to be the reverse 
of an acid, the properties of which, by 
combination, it neutralizes. 
Al'kali, Caus'tic. [Al'kalifaus - 
ticum.] An alkali in a pure state; in 
which it possesses strong caustic powers. 
Usually, caustic potash. 
Al'kali, Fixed. Applied to potash 
31 ALIv 
ALL 
and soda, because they are permanently 
in a solid state. 
Al'kali, S'os'sil; Al kali, yiin'e- 
raf. Other names for soda. 
Al kali, l»hlo-gis'tl-cat-o<l; Al'- 
kali, Prussian. Applied to a fixed 
alkali when mixed with an animal sub- 
stance, and lixiviated, because it is then 
found to be saturated with Prussic acid; 
and from a former theory of this com- 
bination it received the first name. 
Al'kali, Veg'o-t a-ble. Another term 
for potash. 
Al’kali, Vol atile. Another name 
for ammonia,' given on account of its 
volatile nature. 
Al-kadig'cn-ous. [Alkalig'oinis; 
from al’kali, and ytvvam, to “generate.”] 
Producing alkaline qualities. 
Al-ka-lini'c-tei*. [AlkaliinV- 
trum; from al'kali, and perpor, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the quantity of alkali in impure 
potash or soda. 
AI-kadim'e-tr,L [Alkalinie'tria; 
from al'kali, and perpew, to “measure.”] 
The process by which the amount of 
free alkali in various substances is de- 
termined. 
Al'ka-llne. [Alkali'nus; from 
al'kali.\ Having the properties of an 
alkali. 
A 1-ka-l in 'i-ty'. [ A Ikal i li'itns, 
a'ti’s.] The peculiar properties of an 
alkali. 
Al-kaI*I-za'tion. [Alkaliza'tio.] 
The act of imparting alkaline qualities. 
Al'ka-lokl. [Alkaloi tics; from 
al'kali, and cico;, a “ form.”] Resembling 
an alkali. Applied as a noun to the 
alkaline principles found in vegetables. 
Al'ka-na, or Al'ca-na. The name 
of the root and leaves of the Lauso'nia 
liner'mis, a plant employed in the East 
for dyeing the nails, teeth, hair, gar- 
ments, etc. See Henne. 
Al'ka-net Koot. [From the Arabic 
al'kanah, a “reed.”] The root of the 
Anchhsa Tinctoria, which see. 
Alkekengye, al'ke-kenj. Winter- 
cherry; the fruit of the Phys'alis Alke- 
ken'gi, used in nephritis, dysuria, as- 
cites, etc. 
Alkoltol. See Alcohol. 
Al'ln-nitc. The name of a mineral 
containing cerium, found in Greenland, 
and named in honor of Mr. Allan, who 
first distinguished it as a species. 
Al-lan-to'ic. [Allanto'icus; from 
allan’tois.] Belonging to the allan- 
tois. 
Allantoic Af'id. The substance 
Allantoin. 
Al-Ian'toi<l. from 
aXXaj, dWai/ros, and ddo$, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a sausage. 
Allan toid Mem brane. A mem- 
brane communicating with the bladder 
by the urachus, and containing the foetal 
urine: it exists in almost all the Mam- 
malia. Also termed Allantois. 
Al-lau'to-in. [Allantoi'na: from 
allan'tois.] The nitrogenous constituent 
of the urine of the foetus of the cow. 
Also termed Allantoic Acid. 
Al-lan'to-is, i'disA- [From aXXaj, 
aWdfTOi, a “ sausage,” and tlSos, a “ form.”] 
The human allantois is a small, very 
vascular vesicle, sprouting from the end 
of the embryo. Also synonymous with 
Allantoid membrane. 
Al-Ian-to-tox'I-euin.* [From dX- 
Xaf, and a “ poison.”] A poison 
developed in putrid sausages made of 
blood and liver, often proving speedily 
fatal. 
Alliaceous, al-le-a'shus. [Allia'* 
ecus; from al'lium.] Of the nature of 
garlic. 
Al'll-um.- [From a\iopai, to “avoid;” 
because of its offensive smell.] The 
Pharmacopoeia! name (Ed. and U. S. Ph.) 
of Allium■ sativum. A Linnaean genus 
of the class Hexandria, natural order 
Liliaeeic. 
Al'lium Ce'pa.* The common onion. 
Ariiuin For'rum.* The leek. 
Allium Sa-ti' vum.* Garlic. 
A l-lop-o'sis.:S [From dXXoidco, to 
“alter.”] A constitutional change. 
Al-lo-path'ie. [Allopath icus.] 
Belonging to allopathy. 
Al-lop'a-thy [Allopath!'a; from 
aXXo;, “other,” and irdBb;, “affection”]; 
written also Al-Iee-op'a-thy. The 
curing of a diseased action by inducing 
a different kind of action, yet not neces- 
sarily diseased. See Homoeopathy. 
Al-lo-t rl-opli'a-gy. [Allot rio- 
pha'gia; from aXXdrpiof, “another’s,” 
“foreign,” “not proper,” and <payet, to 
“eat.”] Depraved appetite, or a desire 
for improper food. 
Al-lo-trop'ic. Pertaining to Allo- 
tropism. 
Al-lot'ro-pism. [Allotropis mus; 
from (lXXos, “other,” and rpoitf), “conver- 
sion.”] The existing of the same com- 
pound in two or more conditions, with dif- 
ferent physical and chemical properties; 
as sulphur melted at a high temperature, 
which, before bright yellow and brittle, 
32 ALL 
ALP 
becomes dark, tenacious, and may be 
drawn out into threads like caoutchouc. 
Al-lox'an. A new product obtained 
in the oxidation of uric acid by nitric 
acid. 
Al-Iox'a-uate. [Allox'anas, a'tis.] 
A combination of alloxanic acid with a 
b-.se. 
Al-lox-an'ic. [Alloxan'icus; from 
allox' an Of or belonging to the pro- 
duct alloxan. Applied to an acid into 
which alloxan is converted when brought 
into contact with soluble alkalies. 
Al-lox-an'tin. [Alloxanti'na.] 
A substance obtained by boiling and 
evaporating a concentrated solution of 
alloxan. 
Al-loy'. [Fr. aloyer, to “mix metals.”] 
A combination of any two metals, ex- 
cepting mercury, etc., the least valuable 
being called the alloy. See Amalgam. 
All spice. The fruit of the Myrtm 
pimento. 
Al-lu’vl-al. [Alluvia'll^; from al- 
ia'e turn.] Applied to rocks or beds of 
recent formation, which still acquire the 
matter deposited by the waters. 
Al-lu'vl-um.* [From al'luo, to 
“wash.”] The formation of new earths 
or islets by the action of water accumu- 
lating mud and debris in particular 
situations. 
Almond, 3,'mand. [Amyg'dala. Fr. 
amande, &,'mo.vd'.] The fruit, both bitter 
and sweet, of the Amygdalus communis. 
Al'mond-Oil. A bland, fixed oil, 
obtained usually from bitter almonds 
by the action of a hydraulic press, either 
cold, or by means of hot iron plates. 
Al'mond-Tree. The Amygdalus 
communis. 
Al'monds of the Ears. The small 
external glands near the ears. See 
Amygdala:. 
Al monds of the Throat. The 
tonsils. 
Al'nus.* The Alder; a tree of the 
order Betulacese. 
Al'nus <»lu-tI-no'sa.* A tree grow- 
ing in many parts of Europe. The 
leaves and bark are bitter and astrin- 
gent, and as a tonic are used in intermit- 
tent fevers. 
Al'nus Ser-rat'u-la.* The Ameri- 
can alder, possessing properties like the 
preceding. 
Al'o-e,* gen. Al'o-eA, in English 
Aloes, al'oz. A genus of plants of 
the order Asphodelise, characterized by 
&n intensely bitter taste, belonging to 
the Linnman class Hcxandria, natural 
order Liliacese (or Asphodeleie of some 
writers). 
Al'oe Bar-ba-den'sis.* The Phar' 
macopoeial name (Lond. Ph.) of Barba- 
does aloes, or inspissated juice of tlia 
cut Leaf of the Aloe vulgaris. 
Al'oe €a-pen'sis.*' The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the inspissated 
juice of the leaves of Aloe spicata, and 
of other species of A toe. 
Al'oe He-pat l-oa.* The name of a 
kind of aloes the source of which is un- 
certain. 
Al'oe I*er-l'o-Il-a'tii.* The tree 
formerly believed to yield Socotrine 
aloes. 
Al'oe Soe-o-tri'na.* (“Socotrine 
Aloes.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || 
of Socotrine aloes, obtained from the 
Al'oe Socotri'na (U.S. Ph.); but accord- 
ing to the British Pharmacopoeia, from 
one or more undetermined species. 
Al'oe Spi-ca'ta.' The tree which 
yields a kind of aloes used in place of 
the Socotrine. 
Al'oe Vul-ga'ris.* The tree believed 
to afford common hepatic aloec:, but 
said (Lond. Ph.,1851) to be from an un- 
certain species. 
Aloes, al'oz. The English name for 
the juice of the several species of Aloe, 
reduced to an extract. 
Aloes, Socotrine. See Aloe Soco- 
TKINA. 
Al'oes Wood. A fragrant resinous 
substance, consisting of the interior of 
the trunk of the Aquilaria ovata and A. 
agallochum. 
Al-o-et'ic. [Aloet'icus: from Al'oe, 
“aloes.”] Applied to any medicine con- 
taining a large proportion of aloes. 
[Aloiiot ro'phia; 
from aXoyos, “without proportion,” and 
rpe</>to, to “nourish.”] Applied to the 
morbid or excessive nutrition of any 
part. 
Al'o-in. [Aloi'na.] The cathartic 
principle of aloes. 
Al-o-pe'fi-a.* [From dV.mjf, a 
“fox,” because subject to loss of hair.] 
The falling off of hair from the beard 
and eyebrows, as well as the scalp; 
baldness the effect of disease, and so 
distinct from Calvities: alop'ecy. 
Alouchi, al-loo'che. The name of a 
gum obtained from the tree of the Ca- 
nella alba. 
Al'phi -la* [the plural of aX'juTov, 
“meal”]. Another name for barley- 
meal; barley-meal fried. 
Al'phoid. [Alphoi'des; from al'- 
33 ALI> 
ALU 
phos, a “skin-disease,” and tPos, a 
“form.”] Like Alpthos, as Lepra al- 
phoides. 
Al-pJmii'sin. [From Alphon'so 
Fer'ri, of Naples, its inventor.] An 
instrument for extracting balls from 
wounds. 
Al'phos,* Al plms.® [From nAixSj, 
“white.”] A species of leprosy; the 
Lepra alphos. 
Al-pho'sis.* [From the same.] 
Albino-skin. 
Al-pi'ni, IJalsa-ni Jim. [After 
Prosper Alpinusi] The “balsam of Al- 
pinus.” The balsam produced by the 
Amyris Gileadensis. 
Al-pin'I-st.® [Named in honor of Al~ 
pinu8.\ A Linnaean genus of the class 
Monandria, natural order Scitaminese. 
Alpin ia t'ar-da-ino'mum.* The 
plant said (Lond. Ph. 1836) to produce 
the lesser Cardamom seeds, formerly 
referred to the Amomum cardamomum, 
and now to the Elettaria cardamomum. 
Alterantia,* al-ter-an'she-a. See 
Alterative. 
Altcrau'tia Ner-vi'na.* (“Nervous 
Alteratives.”) A class of substances, as 
spirituous liquors and narcotics, which 
produce gradual changes in the brain, 
attended by disturbance of the intellect- 
ual functions. 
Al'ter-a-tlve. [Al'terans; from 
al'tero, altera'turn, to “vary.”] Applied 
to medicines (Lat. Alteran'tia) which re- 
establish the healthy functions of the 
system without any sensible evacuation. 
Altern. tloris = Alter'nis ho'r is A 
“At alternate hours,” — that is, every 
other hour. 
Al-ter'nate. [ Alter na'tus; from 
alter'no, to “interchange.”] Applied to 
leaves or branches recurring by turns 
with those of the opposite side. 
Al-thse'a.® [Gr. a\6aia, from dXOcj, to 
“heal.”] A Linnoean genus of the class 
Monadelphia, natural order Malvaeex. 
Marsh-mallow. 
Alllur ii 4>t-ti<*-I-na'lis.*' The marsh- 
mallow, the root of which is ordered for 
use in the Pharmacopoeia (Lond. Ph.); 
the leaves and root (Ed. and Dub. Ph.); 
and the flowers and root (U.S. Ph.). 
Al-tlie'in. [Altlisri'na; from al- 
thsda.] An alkaline substance discov- 
ered in the marsh-mallow, similar to 
Aspararjin. 
Al-tiin e-try. [Altime'tria; from 
al'tas, “ high,” and iitrptw, to “measure.”] 
The art of measuring heights or alti- 
tudes. 
Altulcl, al'oo-del'. A pear-shaped 
vessel used by the earlier chemists, re- 
sembling the head of an alembic, with 
the exception of the beak, etc. A series 
of these vessels, joined together, is used 
for distilling mercury in Spain. 
Al'u-la.® [Diminutive of a'la, a 
“wing.”] A little wing. Applied in 
the plural (al'ulte) to the membranous 
scales above the halteres in certain 
Diptera, and under the elytra of some 
aquatic Coleoptera. 
Al um. [From ala'men.~\ The Per- 
sulphas alumintz et potassx. See Alu- 
MEN. 
Al'um. Ain-nio-ni'a-cal, is a double 
salt, consisting of the sulphates of am- 
monia, and of alumina, in which ammo- 
nia takes the place of the potassa of 
common alum. 
Al'um Curd of Ri-ve'rl-us. [Al- 
ltunien Aluiiiiiiosiiin.] A coagulum 
formed by briskly agitating a drachm of 
alum with the white of an egg. 
Al'um Oint ment. A preparation 
consisting of common turpentine, lard, 
and powdered alum. 
Al'um Wa'ter. A solution of alum 
in water, used by painters in water- 
colors. 
Al'um Whey. [Se rum Altimin- 
o'sum.] A whey made by boiling two 
drachms of alum with a pint of milk, 
and then straining. 
Al-u'men,*gen. Al-u'miu-is. Alum. 
The Sulphas alum ina- et potassx, a double 
or sometimes a triple salt, consisting of 
sulphuric acid and alumina, with either 
potassa or ammonia, or frequently both. 
The alumen of the Pharmacopoeias is 
prepared from schistose clays. In Italy 
this salt is procured from a/am stone, a 
mineral substance occurring in most 
volcanic districts. 
Alu'men Ex-sie-ca'tum vel XV- 
tum.* Dried alum (or burnt alum); the 
Pharmacopoeial name of alum when it 
has undergone watery fusion and parted 
with all its water of crystallization by 
the action of heat. Its chief use is as 
an escharotic for destroying fungous 
flesh. 
Alu'men Ifo-ma'num.* Roman 
alum; the purest variety of alum, con- 
taining no ammonia in its composition. 
Alu'ineu Ru'pe-uin.* [From ru'pes, 
a “rock.”] Roche or rock alum. A 
variety of alum brought from Roccha, 
formerly called Edessa, in Syria That 
which is sold under this name is common 
English alum, artificially colored. 
34 ALU 
AMA 
A-lu'ml-na.* [From n;«')/ic»,“alum.”] 
The base of alumen : al'umino. 
A-lu-inl-na'tus.* Containing alu- 
men : alu'minated. 
A-lu-mln-lf'er-ous. [Aluininif'- 
erus; from ala'men, and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or having alum. 
Aluminium. See Aluminum. 
Al-u miu-ouN. [Aluiiiino'sus; 
from alu'men.] Pertaining to alum. 
A-lu'mi-num. ’ The metallic base of 
Alumina, sometimes spelled Aluminium. 
Al'ums. [Aln'mina, the plural of 
Alu'men.] A group of salts having a 
constitution similar to that of common 
alum. 
Alun, &'1un°'. The French term for 
Alum. See Alumen. 
A-lu'sI-a.* [From aAvu, to “become 
insane.”] Hallucination; illusion; men- 
tal deception, error, or misconception. 
Alu'sia Klatio* (e-la'she-o). Senti- 
mentalism, or mental extravagance. See 
Elation. 
Alu'sia Ilyp-o-vlion-dri a-sis. 
Low spirits, or hypochondriacism. 
Alutaceous, al-u-ta'shus. [Aluta'- 
ceus; from alu'ta, “dressed leather.”] 
Applied to the leaves of plants resem- 
bling a soft, tanned skin. 
Alv.Aflat. —Al’vo Adstrie'td.* “The 
bowels being bound.” 
Al-ve-a'rl-um.® [From alvea're, a 
“beehive.”] That part of the external 
meatus of the ear where the cerumen is 
secreted. 
Al-ve'o-lar. [Alveola'ris.] Be- 
longing to the alveoli, or sockets of the 
teeth. 
Al-ve'o-lar Strue'tnre. A term 
applied by Hewson to minute superficial 
cavities found in the mucous membrane 
of the stomach, oesophagus, and small 
intestine, and which he compared to tho 
cells of honeycomb. They are distinct 
from the follicles. 
Al-ve'o-late. [ Alveola'tus; from al- 
ve'olus.] Having little troughs or cavities. 
Al-ve'o-li.* [See Alveolus.] The 
alveolar processes, or the sockets of the 
teeth. Hence the term alveolar as ap- 
plied to the arteries and veins of the 
sockets of the teeth. 
Al-ve’o-li-foran. [ Alveolifor'mis; 
from alve'olus.] Formed like alveoli. 
Al-ve’o-lus,* plural Al-ve'o-li. 
[Diminutive of al'veus.] A little hollow. 
The socket of a tooth, or other cavity. 
Al've-us.® [From al'vus, the “belly.”] 
A trough or channel; any large hollow, 
such as the hold of a ship. Applied to 
tubes, canals, especially their enlarged 
portions, through which some fluid flows. 
Vlvcus Am-pul-l€s'$ens.* [See 
Ampulla.] The dilated portion of the 
thoracic duct at its commencement from 
the receptacnlum rhy!i. 
Al veus Com-snu'nis.* The com- 
munication of the ampullx of the semi- 
circular canals of the ear. 
Alirl-du'ca.* [Prom al’vus, the 
“belly,” and du'eo, to “lead,” to 
“move.”] Medicines which promote 
evacuation of the contents of the intes- 
tines. 
Al-vi-Jltix'us.® [Prom al'vus, the 
“belly,” and flu'o, flux’urn, to “flow.”] 
Diarrhoea; a flux or discharge of the 
contents of the intestines. 
Al'vlnc. [Alvt'nus; from al'vus.'] 
Belonging to the belly, stomach, or in- 
testines. 
Al'vlne Con-cre'tion. [Enterol- 
ithus.] A calculus in the stomach or 
bowels. See Bezoar. 
Al'vus.* The belly, stomach, paunch, 
or intestines. See Abdomen, Venter. 
Al’vus As-tric'ta.* [From astrin'go, 
astric'turn, to “bind.”] A costive state 
of the bowels. 
Al'vus Co-ac'ta.* Literally, hard- 
bound belly. The state of costiveness.— 
(Celsus.) 
Al'vus Flu'i-da.* A loose state of 
the bowels. 
Amadou (Pr.), il'ml-doo'. Literally, 
“touch-wood,” a kind of fungus. A 
substance used in graduated compresses: 
also to support varicose veins, and pro- 
tect abraded surfaces, etc. 
A-mdl'ptm. [Amnl'gama; from 
upa, “together,” and yaflm, to “espouse.”] 
A combination of mercury with any other 
metal. 
A-iual-RU-ma'tiou. [Amalgama'- 
tio, o'n/s.] The process of combining 
mercury with a metal, or forming an 
amalgam. 
A-man'f-tin. [Amaniti'na; from 
d/ianrat, “fungi,” or “mushrooms.”] 
The poisonous principle of fungi, 
A-ma'ra.* [Neuter plui-al of ama'- 
ms, “bitter.”] Bitters; medicines with 
a bitter flavor and tonic property, as 
chamomile, gentian, etc. 
AmaarantEiacese,® am-a-ran-tha'- 
she-e, or Am-a-ran-ta'ce-se,® [.Prom 
amaran'thus, or amaran'tus.] A natural 
order of plants, mostly tropical. It 
comprises tho Amaranthus and other 
flowers which arc always dry and not 
liable to fade, 
35 AM A 
AME 
Am-a-ran'tlii,* tho plural of Ama- 
ran'iliiis. A natural order of plants. 
See Amaranthaceas. 
A m-a-ran' t Hi ns.® [From a, priv., and 
gapaivu}, to “wither,” or “fade.”] A 
genus of plants with unfading flowers. 
Written also Amaran'tus. 
Am'a-rin. [Amari'na; from ama'- 
rus, “bitter.”] The bitter principle of 
vegetables. 
Am-a-ry l-ll-da' ceae® (-da'she-e). A 
natural order of plants, including the 
Amaryl'lis. 
Amataria Febris. See Chlorosis. 
Aim-a-to'rl-iis.® [From a'mo, ama'- 
tum, to “love.”] Belonging to love: 
am'atory. Applied to the oblique muscle 
of the eye, used in ogling. 
Am-au-ro'sis.® [From dyavpoo}, to 
“darken.”] Partial or total loss of vision, 
from paralysis of the retina, usually at- 
tended with paralysis and dilatation of 
the iris, though occasionally it is rigidly 
contracted. It is also termed Out'ta 
scrc'na. The term Amaurosis was origin- 
ally used in the sense of obscurity or 
dimness of vision; but now it is em- 
ployed to denote a particular disease. 
Am-au-rot'ic. [Amaurot'icus.] 
Belonging to amaurosis. 
Am'be.® [Gr. dgSri, a “ rising,” “ some- 
thing elevated.”] An old machine for 
reducing dislocations of the shoulder. 
Aiii’ber. [Sjsc'cinum.] A trans- 
parent bituminous substance, of a yellow 
or orange col <r, having electric proper- 
ties ; anciently called ijXacTpw, whence the 
word electricity. 
Am'ber, A$'ld of, or 
Acid, is obtained from amber by dry 
distillation. It is a delicate reagent 
for separating red oxide of iron from 
compound metallic solutions. 
Am'ber Fam'pSaor. A yellow, light 
sublimate, obtained by the destructive 
distillation of amber in a retort or 
alembic. It has been termed volatile 
resin of amber. 
Ambergris, or Ambergrease, am'- 
ber-gres. [Ambragri'sea; from the 
French ambregris (o5i'br-gr&'), or “gray 
amber.”] A concrete bituminous sub- 
stance, of a grayish or ash color, inflam- 
mable, and when heated emitting a 
fragrant odor. It is found about the 
sea-coast of warm countries, or floating 
on the surface of the ocean, also in the 
intestines of the Physeter macrocephalus, 
and i3 supposed to bo a morbid secretion 
of that and perhaps other species of tho 
Physeter. Chiefly valuable as a perfume. 
Am-M-dfx'tor.* [From am'bo, 
“both,” and dex'ler, “right-handed,” 
“skilful.”] One who uses his left hand 
as well as his right. 
Am-blo'sis.* [From to “ have 
an abortion.”] Miscarriage. Hence tho 
term amblot'ic {amblot'icus, plural am- 
blot'ica), as applied to medicines sup- 
posed to cause abortion. 
Am-bly-a'phi-a.* [From dy6\vf, 
“blunt,” and d<j>h, “sense of touch.”] 
Blunted or dulled sense of touch. 
Am-bly-o'pI-».* [From dpSXvs, 
“blunted,” and wp, the “eye.”] Im- 
paired vision from defective sensation of 
the retina; incomplete amaurosis, or the 
weakness of sight attending certain 
stages and forms of this disorder. 
Ambon.® [Probably from draSaivui, 
to “rise,” to “ascend.”] Literally, an 
“elevation.” The margin of the sockets 
in which the heads of the large bones 
are lodged. 
Am'bre-ate. [Ain'breas. a'#;-*.] A 
combination of ambreic acid with a base. 
Am-bre'lc Af'ld. A peculiar acid 
obtained by digesting ambrein in nitric 
acid. 
Am'bw-in. [Ambrei'na; from 
the Fr. ambre, “amber.”] A fatty sub- 
stance forming the base of ambergris, 
and differing slightly from cholesterin. 
Ambrosia,* am-bro'zhe-a. [From 
«p/>poroy, “immortal.”]. Literally, the 
“food of the gods,” that which confers 
immortality or life. Applied to several 
plants, on account of their good quali- 
ties, as tansy, wormwood, etc. Applied 
also to several alexipharmic medicines. 
Ani-bu-la'erum.* [From am'bnlo, 
to “walk.”] The space between two 
strigee, or each striga, formed by the 
small holes on the shell of the Echinus, 
as of a walk or path. 
Ani'bu-lance. [From the French 
ambulant, “ambulatory.”] The kind of 
movable hospital accompanying an army. 
In popular language, a wagon or car- 
riage for conveying wounded soldiers. 
Am-bus'tion. [Ambus'tio. o'nis ; 
from ambu'ro, ambus'tum, to “burn.”] 
A burn or scald on any part of the body. 
Am'e-lin. [Ameli na.] A new base 
precipitated in the alkaline solution from 
which melamin has been deposited, on 
being supersaturated with acetic acid. 
A-men-o-ma'iiI-a.* [From amoe’nus, 
“pleasant,” and ma'nia.] A hybrid term 
(half Latin and half Greek) denoting a 
gay or cheerful form of mania. 
AmenorrJioea,* a-men'o-re'a. [From 
36 AME 
AMN 
a, priv., n>v', a “month,” and film, to 
“flow.”] Absence or stoppage of the 
menstrual discharge, including Emansio 
mensium and Suppressio mensium. 
A-men'ta,*the plural of Amentum, 
whic h see. 
Ainentacese,* am-en-ta'she-e. [From 
amenta'ceus. See next article.] The 
Jussieuan name of an order of plants 
now distributed among different orders. 
A-men-ta'ceous. [Amenta'ceus; 
from ainen'tnm!\ Having an amentum. 
Amentia,* a-men'she-a. [From a, 
priv., and mens, the “mind.”] Idiocy; 
fatuity; imbecility of mind. A genus of 
the order Vesaniee, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. See Dementia. 
A-mea'tam,* plural A-men'ta. 
[From UMia, a “thong.”] A catkin, or 
imperfect flower, somewhat like a rope or 
cat’s tail. Also termed Nucamentum. 
Ainer(Fr.), il'niaiu'. (“Bitter.”) Tho 
bitter principle produced by digesting 
silk in nitric acid. 
American Balsam. See Balsam 
of Peru. 
American Gamboge. See Gamboge. 
A-mer i-can Scn iia. The common 
name for Cassia Marilandicn. 
Am e-tli$\*t. [Ainetliys tns; from 
a, priv., and hc9v<jk<o, to “make drunk.”] 
A violet-colored gem, a species of rock 
crystal. Its name is derived from its 
reputed virtue of preventing intoxica- 
tion: topers were formerly in the habit 
of wearing it about their necks. It con- 
sists almost entirely of silica. 
Am-i-an'thoal, or Am-I-an'toid. 
[Ainiaiithoi'des, or Amiautoi'des; 
from amian'thus or amian'tus, a fossil, 
fibrous stone.] Resembling amianthus. 
Am-f-an'thiis.* [From a, priv., and 
fiiai-'O), to “defile.”] Literally, “that 
which cannot be defiled;” because cloth 
made of it could always be purified by 
burning. Mountain flax; an incombus- 
tible mineral, consisting of very delicate 
and regular silky fibres. See Asbestos. 
Amide, H'med'. A saline compound, 
in which a compound of nitrogen and 
hydrogen occurs, containing an atom 
less of hydrogen than ammonia. 
Anil-din. [Amidi'na; from the 
French, amidon, “starch.”] A substance 
intermediate between gum and starch, 
obtained by the solution of the latter in 
*ot water. 
Amilen or Amilene, am'e-len. A 
liquid hydro-carbon, obtained by dis- 
tilling hydrate of oxide of amyl repeat- 
edly with anhydrous phosphorio acid. 
Ammi. See Sisox Ammt. 
Aiu-nio'ni-a.* The volatile alkaiij 
ammoniacal gas. A transparent, color • 
less, pungent gas, formed by the union 
of nitrogen and hydrogen. By Priestley 
it was ealled alkaline air; it is called 
“the volatile alkali” to distinguish it 
from the fixed alkalies,—soda and pot- 
ash. Its present name is derived from 
sal ammoniac, of which it constitutes a 
basis, and which received its appellation 
from being first prepared in the dis- 
trict of Ammonia, in Libya. 
Am-iuo-ni'a-cal. [Ammoiiiaca - 
II*.] Belonging to ammonia. 
Aminom'acal Al um. A double 
salt, consisting of the sulphate of am- 
monia and alumina, the potassa of com- 
mon alum being replaced by ammonia. 
Amtiioiii'acal Gas. Ammonia, the 
volatile alkali. 
Aiii-mo-ni'a-cuni.* [Prom ”Amiosv, 
a name of Jupiter, who had his temple 
in a part of Libya, where the tree chiefly 
grew.] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
a gum resin, from the Dore'ma ammoni'a- 
cum : ammo'niac, or gum-ammo'niac. 
Aaat-jno'ail-a; Iii'cjnor.* (“ Liquor of 
Ammonia.”) The name of the concentrated 
solution of ammonia. One volume of 
water takes up about 750 times its bulk 
of the gas, forming a liquid possessed of 
similar properties, and termed spirits of 
hartshorn from its being produced by 
distillation from that substance. 
Ammoniaqne, am'mo'ne-ftk'. The 
French term for Ammonia, which see. 
Amino-nite. [Ammonites; from 
Jupiter Am!mon; worshipped as a ram.] 
A kind of petrified shell, like a horn or 
snake. From its resemblance to the 
horns of the statues of Jupiter Ammon, 
it is called Cor'mi Ammo'nis, “horn of 
Ammon.” From its coiled form it is 
popularly known as snake-stone. 
A in-1 no'ill-u The supposed me- 
tallic base of ammonia. 
Ammon iuret, am-mon'yu-ret. 
[Ammoniure'tum.] A combination 
of ammonia with a metallic oxide. 
Am-ne'sl-a,® Am=nes'tl-a.* [From 
a, priv., and prii<r<{, “remembrance.”] 
Want of memory ; forgetfulness. 
Am'nI-i,Lirquor.5 The fluid con- 
tained in the amnion. 
Am'm-onJ [From d/ivo;, a “lamb.”] 
The soft, most internal membrane, con-- 
taining the waters which surround tho 
foetus in utero. Also called Agnina tunica. 
Am'nl-o-tato. [Amni'otas, a’i«.] 
Amniotic acid combined with a base. 
37 AMN 
AMP 
Ain-11 l-ot'io. [Aniiiiot'iciis.] Per- 
taining to the amnion. 
Ainniot'ic Same as allan- 
toic acid. 
A-mo'me-us.* Having an arrange- 
ment as in the Amomum : amo'meous. 
A-nto iiiiiiii. ' [From iipcjpo;, “ blame- 
less.”] A Linnsean genus of the class 
Monandria, natural order Scitaminex. 
Aiiio'intion Car-da-moTnuin.iS The 
former name of the lesser Cardamom 
seed plant; now ascertained to be the 
Alpinia ca rda momu m. 
AinoTuuni Cira'iia. Par-a-di'si.® 
Grains of Paradise Amomum: a plant of 
the order Scitaminex, the fruit of which 
is well known under the name of Grains 
of Paradise or Mellegetta Pepper. 
Ainoiniini Re'pens.* The plant 
producing the Cardamom seed; but this 
is chiefly obtained from the Alpinia car- 
damomum. 
AmoTiiiiin Ziii'£i-beiv* The ginger- 
plant, or Zingiber officinale. 
A-uior'plii.sni. [Amorphis'mus; 
from a, priv., and popph, “form.”] The 
state of being amorphous. 
A-mor'plious. [Amor'phus: from 
a, priv., and poppij, “form.”] Wanting 
f/rm; shapeless. 
A-mor'plious Qul-iune'. The sub- 
stance Quinoidine; so named because its 
salts cannot be crystallized. See Qui- 
NIA. 
Am-pel'ic A?'l(l. An acid obtained 
by Laurent from the oils of bituminous 
schist. The term ampelin has been also 
applied to an oily matter prepared from 
the same substance. 
Ampe-los-agri-a. [From apntlKo;, 
a “vine,” and Hyp to;, “wild.”] The Bry- 
onia alba, or wild vino. 
Ani-plieni-c-riTia,* or Am-pliim- 
e-ri'nau* [From appi, “on” or “by,” and 
ripipa, a “day.”] Applied to a fever, 
such as a quotidian ague, or hectic, oc- 
curring “day by day,”—that is, every 
day. 
Am'pliifii/yAt). A Greek preposition, 
signifying “on both sides,” “about;” 
sometimes “on,” “at,” or “by.” It is 
nearly allied to ilppio, “both,” and to 
dpfis, “on both sides,” “in both direc- 
tions,” “around.” 
Am-pbl-ar-ttiro'sis.* [From appw, 
“both,” and iipdpor, a “joint,” an “ar- 
ticulation.”] A movement partaking 
both of Biarthrosis and Synarthrosis, as 
in the tarsal and carpal bones, and the 
vertebras. 
Ain-pliib'i-o-lite, or Am-pliib'I-o- 
lit Ii. [Ainpliibiol'itliig*; from ayn- 
phib'ius, and Aifloj, a “stone.”] A fossil 
relic of an amphibious animal. 
Am-jiliib-i-olo-ij. [Ampliibi- 
oiofiia: from amphib'ius, and Auyoj, a 
“speech.”] A treatise on amphibious 
animals; the science of amphibious 
animals. 
Ain-phib'I-us.~* [From H/ipto, “both,” 
or dfijii, “on both sides,” and 6wio, to 
“live.”] Amphibious. Applied to plants 
and animals that live in both elements, 
—on land or in the water. In the neuter 
plural (AmphiV ia) it forms the name 
of the second class of the Encephalata, 
or vertebrated animals. The animals 
of this class commence their larva stgte 
as fishes, and undergo various degrees 
of metamorphosis in advancing to the 
condition of reptiles. 
Aiii-piu-ril-ar-lliro'Kis.* [From 
appi, “on both sides,” and iid/fipoMts, an 
“articulation.”] Applied to the articu- 
lation of the lower jaw with the tem- 
poral bone, because partaking both of 
the nature of ginglymus and arthrodia. 
Ani-plil-ga'iiil-us.* [From appi, 
“on both sides” (and hence “doubtful”), 
and yapog, a “marriage.”] In the neuter 
plural (Amphiga'mia) applied to plants 
(the Cryptogamia) whose fructification is 
unascertained and may be of both sexes. 
Am-pbip'o-dous. [ Ainpliip odus ; 
from appt, “about,” and novg, noios, a 
“foot.”] Having feet round about. 
Applied to certain Crustacea. 
Ampliiscius.* am-fish'e-us. In the 
plural, Ainpliiscii, am-fish'e-i. [From 
appi, “on both sides,” and aria, a “shade” or 
“ shadow.”] Having their shadow to the 
north one season, to the south another. 
Applied to the people within the Torrid 
Zone. Amphis'cians. 
Am-phis'to-mous. [Ampliis'to- 
mus; from appi, “on both sides” or 
“both ends,” and oropa, the “mouth.”] 
Applied to certain Entozoa, having a cup 
at each extremity, by which they adhere 
to the intestines. 
Ain-pliit'ro-pal, or Ani-pliit'ro- 
pous. [Ampbit'ropus: from appi, 
“ about,” and t/iottco), to “turn.”] Applied 
to the embryo of any seed when it ex- 
tends round the albumen. 
A in' ph o- ra. * [From hppi, “on both 
sides,” and pepw, to “carry:” because 
carried by twro handles.] An ancient 
wine-vessel with two auricles, containing 
about nine English gallons. 
Am-plidi’ ic. j Amplior'Jeus.] Be- 
longing to the amphora; resembling that 
38 of an amphora. Applied to a sound 
(the amphoric resonance) in ausculta- 
tion, resembling that heard on blowing 
into a decanter. 
Am-plex-I-cau'lis.* [From am- 
plec'tor, amplex'us, to “surround,” and 
cau'lis, a “stem.”] Surrounding the 
stem: amplex'icaul, or amplexicau'line. 
Am-pulla,® plural Am-jml lse. A 
big-bellied jug or bottle used by the 
Romans for containing wine. In Anat- 
omy, applied to the trumpet-mouthed 
portions of the semicircular canals of 
the ear. See Alveus Communis. Also 
a small membranous bag attached to 
the roots and immersed leaves of certain 
aquatic plants. 
Am jmllaccous, am-pul-la'shus. 
[Ampulla'ceus.] Appearing like an 
ampulla. 
Aui-piil'Iii-la.* [The diminutive of 
ampul'la.] Applied to a canal or bag 
slightly enlarged in the centre. 
Am-pu-ta'tiou. [Ampnta'tio, 
o'nis; from am'puto, amputa'tum, to 
“cut off.”] The operation of cutting 
off a limb, or projecting part of the 
body, as the breast, etc. 
Am'u-let. A supposed charm against 
infection or disease: such are anodyne 
necklaces, used in teething of infants. 
A-iny-e'li-a.® [From a, priv., and 
f“marrow,” “spinal marrow.”] 
The condition of a monster foetus, born 
without the spinal marrow. Such a 
foetus is said to be amy'elous. When 
the encephalon also is absent, the foetus 
is termed amyeneeph'alous. There may 
be absence of the encephalon,—of the 
cerebrum and cerebellum only; in-this 
case the foetus is called anenceph'alous. 
Or the cerebrum merely may be in a 
state of defective development, or atro- 
phy, more or less partial or extensive. 
Amyelous. See preceding article, 
A-myg'da-la.® [Gr. <iyry&',\n.] The 
fruit of Amyg'dalus commu'nis, the sweet 
and bitter almond. 
A-myg'da-lae* (the plural of the pre- 
ceding). A popular name for the exte- 
rior glands of the neck and for the 
tonsils. 
Amyg'dalse A-ma'rav* and Amyg'. 
dalse Rul'ees.*' Bitter and sweet al- 
monds ; the fruit of two varieties of the 
Amyg'dalxs commu'nis. The bitter al- 
mond contains prussic acid, and enters 
into the liquor or composition called 
noyau. 
Amyg'dala* “Almond- 
cake;” the substance left after the ex- 
AMP 
pression of the oil, which when groun 1 
forms almond-powder, so generally used 
for washing the hands. 
Am-yg-du'le-us.* Having an ar- 
rangement as in the Amygdala#. Amyg- 
da'leous. 
Aiii-jg-dal'ic. [Agnjgtlarkiis; 
from amyg'dala, an “almond.”] Be- 
longing to the almond. Applied to an 
acid obtained from amygdalin. 
A-injiu-da-lil’e-roiis. [Anaygda- 
lifortis; from amyg'dala, an “almond,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing almonds. 
Applied to a geode with a movable kernel. 
A-myg'tla-lin. [Amygdali'na; 
from amyg'dala, an “almond.”] A 
white crystalline substance obtained 
from the bitter almond. 
A-myg'da-line. [Aiay^ilaliiuis; 
from the same.] Belonging to the almond. 
A-m.VK-lIa-Ii lis.* [From amyg'dalx, 
the “ tonsils,” and i'tis, denoting inflam- 
mation.] Same as Tonsillitis. 
A-myg'da-loid. [Amygdaloi'des; 
from amyg'dala, an “almond,” and ciios, 
a “form.”] Having the form of an 
almomf. 
A-myg-da-loi'dal. The same as the 
preceding. 
A-myg'da-lus.* [Gr. dgvySa\og, the 
“almond-tree.”] A Linnsean genus of 
the class Icosandria, natural order /i'o- 
sacex. 
Amygdala* Oom-mu'nis.® The 
tree which yields the almond, both bitter 
and sweet. 
Amyg'dalns Per’sl-ca.* The peach- 
tree. 
Am'yl. The hypothetical radicle of a 
series of compounds, of which the hydrate 
of the oxide has long been known as 
fusel oil, or as the oil of grain-spirit or 
potatoes, as it is produced in the ferment- 
ation of unmalted grain and potatoes. 
Amylacea Corpora. See Neuro- 
Glia. 
Amylaceous, am-e-la'shus. [Amy- 
la'ceus; from am'ylum.] Starch-like. 
Am'y-len. A substance obtained by 
distilling fusel oil with chloride of zinc. 
It is a narcotic poison. 
A-myl'ic. [Amyl'icus; from am'- 
ylum, “starch.”] Applied to an acid 
obtained from starch. 
Amylin. The same as Amidin. 
Am'jl-loid. [Amyloi'des; from 
am'ylum.] Resembling amylum, or starch. 
Amyloid Regeneration. See Lar- 
daceous Deoeneration. 
Am'y-Inin.* [Gr.apuhov, “fine meal.”] 
The Pharmacopoeial name || for starch, 
AMY 
39 being the fecula of the seeds of Triticum 
vulgare ; (Dub. Ph.) the Sc minis fecula. 
Am'yliini Ma-ran'tu-.® Arrow- 
root,—a nutritive starch prepared from 
the Maranta arundinacem. 
Am'j'-ous. [Am'yus; from a, priv., 
and giij, pv6f, a “mouse;” also a “mus- 
cle.”] Without muscle; fleshless. 
Ainyrl«lacese,*am-Ir-e-da'she-e. An 
order of dicotyledonous plants, abound- 
ing in fragrant resin. 
Am'y-ris.* [From a, intensive, and 
pvpov, a “sweet-scented juice.”] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Octandria, natu- 
ral order Amyridacex (formerly a divi- 
sion of Terehinthaceee). 
Ain'yris El-e-niife-ra.* The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which yields 
gum-elemi. 
Amy ris Gil-e-n-<leii'sis.* The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which affords 
balm or balsam of Gilead. See Alpini 
Balsamum. 
An (av). A Greek particle having a 
privative force. See A. 
Ana (di/ii). A Greek particle, signi- 
fying “through,” “up through;” “up- 
wards,” “again;” sometimes “according 
to.” 
For the use of ana in medical formu- 
laries, see AA. 
An-aba-sis.* [From ava, “up,” and 
6aivo), to “go.”] Literally, an “ascend- 
ing.” The increase of a disease or of a 
paroxysm. See Acme. 
An-a-bat'ic. [Anabat'icus.] Per- 
taining to anabasis. 
Anacardiacens,*an-a-kar-de-a'she- 
us. Having an arrangement as in the 
Anacardium (cashew-tree:) anacardia'- 
ceous. Applied in the feminine plural 
(Anacar diocese, an-a-kar-de-a'she-e) to 
an order of dicotyledonous plants, in- 
cluding the cashew-tree, the sumach, etc. 
Aii-a-ear'dI-uiil.* Anacardium Oc- 
cidentals. Cashew-nut, or marking-nut. 
The nut contains, between its rind and 
shell, a red, inflammable, and very caus- 
tic liquor, or oil. See Cashew-Tree. 
An'a-ca-tliar'sis.* [From dva, “ up,” 
and KaOaipa>, to “purge.”] Literally, a 
“ purgation upwards.” A term used to 
denote cough with expectoration, or 
expectoration simply. 
An-a-ca-thar'tic. [Anacathar'tl- 
ens; from the same.] Promoting ex- 
pectoration or vomiting. 
An-a-eyc'lns Pyr'e-tbruin.* The 
Pharmacopoeial (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
name for Anthemis Pyrethrnm. 
An-ail'i’o-inous. [Anad'romus; 
AMY 
from ava, “up,” and hpcpog, a “course.”] 
Swimming up into rivers from the sea. 
Aii-se'nu-aA [From av, priv., and 
alpa, “blood.”] Deficiency of blood: 
more correctly written Axiijemta. 
An-sem'ic (or Anem'ie), or An-se'- 
lni-al. ( Ameiu iciis. or Anseinia'lls; 
from the same.] In a state of anxmia. 
An-re-mot'ro-pliy. [From anet'mia, 
and “nourishment.”] By this 
term and hsemotrophy are implied simply 
a deficiency and an excess of sanguineous 
nourishment. Atrophy and hypertrophy, 
as commonly understood, include the 
idea of diminished and increased magni- 
tude; while an&mia and kypertemia have 
reference only to the quantity of blood 
present, without regard to its nutritive 
properties.—(Prout.) See Anaemia. 
Anaeroid. See Aneroid. 
Anaesthesia,* an-es-the'se-a. 
av, priv., and diaOavopai, to “perceive,” to 
“feel.”] Loss of feeling or perception: 
an'aesthesy. A genus of the order JJyssts- 
thesia, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Anaesthetic, an-es-thet'ik. [Anaes- 
thet'iciis; from antesthe'siaJ] Having 
no perception nor sense of touch. 
Ana'sthet'ies. [From the same.] A 
term applied to certain medicines, such 
as chloroform, ether, Ac., having the 
power of rendering the recipient insen- 
sible to pain. 
A'nal. [Ana'lis.] Pertaining to 
the anus. 
An-a-lep'sis.* [From dvaXapSavta, to 
“take again,” to “recover.”] Recover- 
ing of strength after sickness. 
An-a-lep'tic. [Analcp'ticus: from 
the same.] Belonging to analepsis. 
Analep'tics. [From the same.] Re- 
storative medicines. 
A-nal'o-gous. [Anal'ogus: from 
ava, “according to,” and X<5>of, “ratio” 
or “proportion.”] Literally, “propor- 
tionate hence, corresponding to in a 
general way. 
Analogue, an'a-lSg. [From the 
same.] Applied in Comparative Anatomy, 
by Owen, to a part or organ in one ani- 
mal having the same function as another 
part or organ in a different animal. 
A-nal'o-g.f. [Analo'gia : from the 
same.] The relation of things or parts 
of a different nature, but similar in their 
function, 'and so contradistinguished 
from the term Homology. 
A-iial'y-sIs.*' [From dva\vw, to “un- 
do.”] The process of separating any com- 
pound substance into its constituents. 
An-a-mirt a Coc'cu-lus.* The 
ANA 
40 plant which affords the Cocculus Indicus 
fruit (Ed. Ph.). 
An-am-nes'tie, An-am-nes'tl-cal. 
[Anamnes'ticns; from dvayvnaxm, to 
“ recall to mind.”] Recalling to memory. 
An-an'«lrous, or An-an'iM-ons. 
[Anan'der, or Anan'drius: from av, 
priv., and dvfjp, avSpof, a “man,” a 
“male.”] Applied to plants which have 
no male organs. 
Anaphrodisia,® an-af-ro-diz'e-a. 
[From av, priv., and aQpoSiaia, “things 
pertaining to Venus.”] Impotence; 
incapability of sexual intercourse, from 
whatever cause. 
An-a-pla.s'tic. [Anaplas'ticus.] 
Of or belonging to anaplasty. 
An'a-plas-ty. [Anaplas'tia; from 
dvd, “again,” and TzX'iaaw, to “form” or 
“fashion.”] Literally, forming anew. 
Surgical operations for the restoration 
of lost parts, or for the reparation of 
certain deformities or natural defects in 
the structure of the body. 
An-a-ple-ro'sis.* [From avairhnpdto, 
to “fill again,” to “supply.”] The sup- 
plement of parts destroyed, as in wounds, 
cicatrices, etc. 
An-a-ple-TOt'ic. [Anaplcrot'i- 
cus.] Belonging to anaplerosis; sup- 
plementary. 
An-a-sar'ca.* [From dvd, “ through,” 
and oap%, the “flesh.”] Dropsy in the 
integuments of the body. General dropsy, 
as distinguished from dropsy of same 
particular organ or part. 
An-a-stal'tie. [Anastal'ticus: from 
dvd, “upwards,” and <rrD\o>, to “set,” 
“send,” “contract.”] Formerly applied 
to medicines that were styptic. 
An-as'to-mo'sis.* [From ava, “by,” 
“through,” and ardpa, a “mouth.”] The 
communication of branches of vessels 
with each other. 
An-as-to-mot'ic. [Anastomot'i- 
cus.] Of the nature of anastomosis. 
An-a-tom'X-cal. [Anatom'icns.] 
Belonging to anatomy. 
A-nat'o-mist. [From dvd, “through,” 
“up,” and Tspva), to “cut.”] A dissector 
of organized bodies, whether human, 
brute-animal (then called Zootomist), or 
vegetable (then Phytotomist). 
A-nat'o-my. [Anato'mia; from 
the same.] Generally, the dissection of 
organized bodies, whether human, brute- 
animal, or vegetable. 
Anat'omy, Ar-ti-fi$'ial. [Anato'- 
mia Artificia'lis.] Imitated dissec- 
tions in wax, etc. 
Anat'omy, Com-p&r'a-tive. [Ana- 
ANA 
to'mia Oomparati'va.] The dissec- 
tion of the lower animals, plants, etc., 
to illustrate those general principles of 
organization which are common to an 
order, class, grand division, etc. 
Anat'omy, De-scrip’tlve. [Ana- 
to'mia JDeseripti'va.] Details of the 
situation, form, and relative attachments 
of the various parts. 
Anat'omy, Gen'e-ral. [Anato'mia 
Genera'lis.] Description of the struc- 
ture and nature of the various tissues, 
apart from any consideration of the 
organs they compose. 
Anat'omy, Hu man. [Anato'mia 
Hnma'na.] Dissection of man. 
Anat'omy, Med'i-cal. [Anato'mia 
IKed'lca.] Embracing Descriptive, Phy- 
siological, and Pathological Anatomy. 
Anat'omy. Path-o-lo&'i-cal. [Ana- 
to'mia Patliolo&'ica.] The investi- 
gation of changes in the structure of 
organs by disease, or from congenital 
malformation. 
Anat'omy, PhjN-I-o-lo&'i-cal. 
[Anato'mia Ptiysiolo&'ica.] The 
examination of the organs of animals to 
understand their respective functions 
in the healthy state. 
Anat'omy, Special. [Anato'mia 
Specially.] Properly, the anatomy of 
a single species, as the anatomy of man, 
of the horse, etc.—Cruvkilhieu. In 
this sense it is contradistinguished from 
Comparative Anatomy; but, according 
to most writers, it is that branch of 
Anatomy which treats of the particular 
organs or parts (in a state of health) as 
contradistinguished from General Anato- 
my, which treats of the tissues, etc., 
common to the various organs. 
Anat'omy, Sur&'I-cal. [Anato'- 
mia tliirur'gica.] The examination 
of the various organs, muscles, nerves, 
and blood-vessels, their precise situa- 
tion and relations to each other, with 
a special reference to surgery. 
Anat'omy, '1’ran-soon-don'tal. 
[Anato'mia Transcendenta'lis.] 
That branch of Anatomy which treats 
of the development of parts, their analo- 
gies, their primary model or type, ap- 
proximation to, or deviation from, that 
model; also termed Philosophical 
Anatomy. 
An-at'ro-pous. [Anat'ropns; from 
dvarperro), to “ subvert.”] Applied in 
Botany to the ovule, in which the hilunx 
and internal umbilicus are opposed to 
each other. 
An-au'dI-iy.* [From av, priv., and 
ANA 
41 dujij, “speech.”] Dumbness; privation 
of voice; catalepsy. 
An-st-zo-fu'ri-ijt.* [From av, priv., 
azo’tum, “azote,” and ovpov, “urine.”] A 
variety of chronic diuresis, in which there 
is a deficiency of urea. See Urea. 
An'ceps.® [From am, contraction of 
dp<j>i, “on both sides,” and ca'pio, to 
“take,” to “compass.”] Ancip'ital. 
Having the sides sharp like a two-edged 
sword. A term used in Botany. 
An'olil-lops.® [From ayx«, “near 
to,” and tliip, the “eye.”] Supposed to be 
a stage of Jistula lachrymalis before the 
inflamed swelling bursts; afterwards 
called reyHops. 
An'eho-nc.® [From uyxoi, to “stran- 
gle.”] The sensation of strangling, in 
hysteria. 
An-eho-ra'lis.® [From an'chora, an 
“anchor.”] Applied to the coracoid pro- 
cess of the scapula. See Ancyroides. 
An-clin 'sa.® [From dyxo>, to “choke,” 
to “constringe the fauces.”] A Linnman 
genus of the class Pcntandria, natural 
order Boraginere. 
Anchu'saTinc-to'rl-a.® [From tin'- 
go, tine'turn, to “dye.”] Dyers’ alkanet; 
a plant of the order Boraginacex, the 
root of which abounds in the red color- 
ing-matter called alkanet, used by dyers; 
also for imparting a deep red to oils, 
ointments, and plasters. 
Anchusin, an'ku-sin. [Anchusi'- 
iir.] A red-colored principle obtained 
from Anchusa tinctoria, termed by some 
Anchusic acid. 
Anchylosis. See Ankylosis. 
Ancipitins,® an-se-pish'e-us. The 
same as Anceps. 
An'con.® [From dy*r dv, the “elbow.”] 
The elbow; the olecranon process of the 
ulna. 
An-eo'nail. Applied the same as 
anconal used adverbially. 
An-co'nal. [Ancona'lis.] Belong- 
ing to the ancon. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
clay, of Edinburgh, in his proposed no- 
menclature, as meaning towards the 
ancon. 
Anconeus,® ang-ko-ne'us, or an-ko'- 
ne-iis. [From an'coni] Pertaining to the 
elbow. Formerly applied to various 
muscles attached to the olecranon ; now 
limited to one. 
An'eo-noid. [Anconoi'des; from 
nn'con, and silo;, “ a form.”] Resembling 
the ancon. 
Ancylogflossia. See Ankyi.oglossia. 
Aneylosis. See Ankylosis. 
An-tj-ro-i'deS.® [From dyicya, an 
ANA 
“anchor,” and c'Sos, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling an anchor. See Anchoralis. 
An-dra-nat'o-niy. [ Andranato'- 
mia; from dripp, dvipos, a “man,” and 
avaripu-co, to “cut up.”] Dissection of 
the human body, particularly the male. 
Androgynous, an-droj'e-nus. [An* 
drog'ynus, or Androgy n'ins; from 
dvrpp, avipdf, a “man,” and ywrj, a “wo- 
man.”] Partaking of both sexes,- her- 
maphrodite. 
An'droid. [Androi'dcs; from dvfpp, 
a “man,” and u6o;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a man. 
An-dro-ma'ni-a.® [From dvrpp, a 
“man” or “male,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
Same as Nymphomania or Furor uterinus. 
An-dropho-rus.* [From dvf,p, a 
“man” or “male,” and <j>cp<i>, to “bear.”] 
The slender pillar which supports the 
united anthers in monadelphous and 
diadelphous plants. 
An-drot'o-my. [From dvhp, a “man” 
or “male,” and Ttpvw, to “cut.”] The same 
as Andranatomy, which see. 
An'druin.* [Probably derived from 
and, a Hindoo word signifying “tes- 
ticle.”] A species of hydrocele, pecu- 
liar to the south of Asia, and described 
by Kacmpfer. 
An-ei-lop'ter-us.® [From dvci'Xtw, to 
“unroll,” and nripor, a “ wing.”] Applied 
to insects with four wings, the two supe- 
rior of which are flexible: aneilop'terous. 
A -n el - la 'ta,® or A-ncl'li-deS.® [From 
aneVlus, a “little ring.”] The fifth class 
of the Diploneura. or Helminthoida, con- 
sisting of long, cylindrical, mostly aquatic 
worms, with red blood, covered with a 
soft and more or less segmented and an- 
nulated skin. The earth-worm belongs 
to this class. Also called Asnulata, 
Anxulida, and Annelidans. 
Anemia. See Anaemia. 
Anemic, Anemial. See Anemic,etc. 
An-e-inog'ra-phy. [Anemogra- 
jsliia; from dnepoj, “wind,” and ypa<pe>, 
to “write.”] A description of the winds. 
An-e-inol'o-S’y. [Anemotagia; 
from avtpo;, the “wind,” and A<5yoj, a 
“discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of the winds. 
An-e-inom'e-ter. [Anemom'e- 
trum; from avepos, the “wind,” and 
perpeoi, to “measure.”] An instrument 
for measuring the strength or velocity 
of the wind. 
An-e-naoni e-try. [Anenioine'- 
tria; from the same.] The art of as- 
certaining the rapidity and direction of 
the winds. 
ANE 
42 A-nem'0-scope. [Anemoseo'pi- 
nm; from dvepos, the “wind,” and gkoitso), 
to “examine.”] An instrument which 
shows the direction of the wind; a 
weather-vane. 
An-«‘n-«;P-pba li-a. [From av, priv., 
and iysapaXos, the “brain.”] A kind of 
foetal monstrosity characterized by ab- 
sence of the brain. 
[Anencephal'- 
icns; from the same.] Pertaining to a 
monster-foetus born without a brain. 
An-en-$eph'a-lous. [Anencepli'- 
alus.j The same as Anenoephalic. 
A monster- 
foetus without brains. 
An-en'ter-ous. [Anen'terns; from 
av, priv., and cvrepov, an “intestine.”] 
Without intestines. 
An-ep-I-tliym'I-a.* [From av, priv., 
and imQvfiia, “desire.”] Loss of any of the 
natural appetites, as hunger, thirst, etc. 
An e-roiil, written also An'aeroiil. 
[From av, priv., and afjp, “air.”] A de- 
fective term, meaning “without air.” 
See next article. 
An eroid or An'aeroiil Ba-rom'e- 
ter. An apparatus consisting of a flat, 
circular box of some white metal, having 
the upper and under surfaces corrugated 
in concentric circles. This box, being 
exhausted of air, is affected by every 
variation of pressure in the atmosphere, 
the corrugations on its surface giving it 
greater elasticity. 
An'e-sis.*' [From avirigi, to “relax.”] 
A remission or relaxation of a disease 
or symptom. 
A-ne'tI»nm.*' [Gr. avr)dov.~\ The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) of Ane’- 
thurn grav’eolens, or dill. 
Aiie'tliiini Fie-nic'n-Ium.* Sweet 
fennel; also called Fcenicidum dulce, F. 
Germanicum, F. Vulgare or Officinale, 
Marathrum. 
Ane'tluini Grav'e-o-lens,* Ane'- 
thnm Vul-ga're.*' The common dill 
plant. 
An-et'ic. [Anet'icus; from iivmis, a 
“remission.”] Applied to soothing medi- 
cines. 
A-net'I-ca.* Soothing medicines. 
See Anetic. 
An'e-tus. [From ilvtaig, a “remis- 
sion.”] Applied by Dr. Good as a ge- 
neric name for intermittent fever. 
An-eu-ral'gi-con.* [From a, priv., 
veiipov, a “nerve,” and dXyo;, “pain.”] 
An apparatus used by Dr. Downing for 
applying warmth and sedative vapor for 
relief of neuralgia. 
ANE 
An'eti-risni. [A non rising. ah's; 
from dveupvvm, to “enlarge.”] Fr. Aue- 
vrisme, a'n&'vrizm'. A tumor filled with 
blood, from the rupture, wound, ulcera- 
tion, or simple dilatation of an artery; 
also applied to dilatation of the heart. 
The old distinction was between true 
and false aneurism : the former compre- 
hends dilatation without rupture of any 
of the arterial coats; the latter, dilata- 
tion with rupture of some of the coats. 
False Aneurism admits of some dis- 
tinctions. When the extravasation is 
diffused, the disease has been termed a 
diffused false aneurism; when circum- 
scribed, a circumscribed false aneurism. 
The French writers term the former 
anevrisme faux primitif, the latter unev- 
risme faux consecutif. 
Aneurism by An-as’to-mo'sis. 
A mulberry-colored mark, in children, 
caused by an anastomosis of the minute 
arteries. It sometimes increases in size, 
and is at length attended with pulsation. 
An eurism of the Heart. Enlarge- 
ment or dilatation of the heart. 
An efi-ris iiiiil Xee'dle. A slender 
instrument for passing a ligature under 
an artery in order to tie it. Used in 
operations for aneurism. 
Alien ris'mal Va'rix. f Ya'rix 
Aneurisnia'lis.] The dilatation and 
pulsation of a vein from the passing of 
blood into it from an artery; both, with 
the fascia, having been wounded in the 
act of blood-letting, all the openings 
having become united into one by adhe- 
sive inflammation. 
Aneurysm. See Aneurism. 
An6vrisme. See Aneurism. 
An-trae-tu-os'I-ty. [ An I", actnos'. 
itas; from anfrac'tus, a “winding, bend- 
ing, or turning of a way.”] A term 
applied to the furrows or sulci between 
the convolutions of the brain. 
An-frac'tus,* plural An-frac'tus. 
The same as the preceding. 
Angeiospermia,® an-ji-o-sper'mc-a. 
See Angiospermia. 
All-gel'l-ca.® [From an'gelus, an 
“angel;” named from its virtues.] Gar- 
den Angelica. A Linnasan genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Umbelli- 
ferse. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the root of An- 
gelica archangelica. 
AngrI'Ica Ar-cti-aii-gel'i-ea.* The 
plant called garden angelica. 
Angel'ica A-tro-pur-pu're-a.* A 
species possessing the same properties as 
the garden angelica. 
ANG 
43 An-£I-ec'ta-sis.® [From ayysiov, a 
“vessel,”andt/craaif, “extension.”] Dila- 
tation of a vessel, as aneurism, varix, 
etc. 
An-gl-i'tis.® [From ayysiov, a “ves- 
sel.”] Piorry’s term for inflammation 
of vessels, particularly of the capilla- 
ries. 
An-gi'na.® [From ayx<o, to “stran- 
gle.”] Applied to diseases attended by 
a sense of suffocation, or by sore-tliroat. 
Angina Maligna. See Cynanciie 
Maligna. 
Angina Parot,i«lsea. See Paroti- 
tis. 
Angina Pectoris,® an-ji'na pck'to- 
ris. Spasm of the chest. A disease at- 
tended by acute pain, sense of suffocation, 
and syncope. It has been called also Asth'- 
tna dolor if ieum, Sternal' gia, Sternodyn' ia 
8yncopa'lis, Sternoear'dia, etc. 
Angina Tonsillaris. See Tonsil- 
litis. 
An-gl-no'sus.® [From angi'ua.\ Hav- 
ing Angina, or accompanied by Angina. 
An-gi-o-car'pi.® [From ayysiov, a 
“vessel,” and vapn-of, “fruit.”] The name 
of a tribe or division of Fungi which 
bear their seeds internally. 
A n-gi-og'ra-pli,v. [Angiogra'- 
pliia; from ayysiov, a “vessel,” and 
ypajio), to “write.”] A description of the 
vessels of the body. 
[From ayysiov, 
a “vessel,” and Asiaroj, “white.”] Lite- 
rally, “inflammation of the white (or 
lymphatic) vessels.” A diseased condi- 
tion of the lymphatic vessels. 
An-gi-ol'o-g.v. [Angiolo'gia: from 
ayysiov, a “vessel,” and AiSyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine or science of the 
blood-vessels and absorbents. 
Angiospermatous, or Angeio- 
NpermatAus an-ji-o-sper'ma-tus. 
[Angiosperm'atus; from ayysiov, a 
“vessel,” and oneppa, a “seed.”] Hav- 
ing seeds in a capsule, or seed-vessel. 
Angiospermia,® an-ji'o-sper'me-a. 
[From ayysiov, a “vessel,” and o-nsppa, a 
“seed.”] The name of an order or divi- 
sion of plants. 
An-gi-o-te-lec-ta'sl-a,® An-gi-o-te- 
lec'ta-sis.® [From ayysiov, a “vessel,” 
ts\o(, an “extremity,” and sKraois, “ex- 
tension.”] Extension or dilatation of 
vessels or their terminating capillaries. 
Ali-gi-ot'o-my. [Angioto'iiiia: 
from ayysiov, a “vessel,” and rspvo>, to 
“cut.”] Dissection of the blood-vessels 
and absorbents. 
An'gle, Facial (fa'shal). [An'gu- 
ANG 
lus Facia'll*.] A straight line from 
the most prominent part of the forehead 
to the front edge of the upper jaw, and 
another from the external auditory fora- 
men to the same point. Some writers 
attach great importance to the facial 
angle as a measure of the brain as com- 
pared with the rest of the head. If the 
fore part of the cranium (in which the 
intellect is supposed to reside) he very 
full, the facial angle will be large; if 
that part be very deficient, the facial 
angle will be proportionably small. 
An'gle, Op'tic; An'gle of Yi&'ion. 
That formed by two rays of light pro- 
ceeding from different objects, or oppo- 
site extremities of the same object, and 
meeting in the pupil. 
An'gH-eus Su'dor.* [An'glicus, 
“English,” and su'dor, “sweat.”] The 
English sweating-fever, or the Ephem'era 
malig'na of Burserius, described by J)r. 
Caius as “a contagious pestilential fever 
of one day.” It made its first appear- 
ance in London about the year 1480. 
An'go-ne.* [From ay\a>, to “choke.”] 
A sense of strangulation and suffoca- 
tion. More properly written Anchone. 
Angor Pectoris. See Angina Pec- 
toris. 
Angostura. See Angustura. 
Align illi formes, - an-gwil'le-for'- 
mez. [From anguil’la, an “eel.”] The 
name of a family of fishes resembling 
an eel in form. 
An-gui'na.* [From an'guis, a “ser- 
pent.”] The name of a family of reptiles. 
Aligninitfav- an-gwin'e-de. [From 
an'guis, a “ serpent.”] The name of a 
family of the Ophidia having the An- 
gitis for its type. 
Angular (ang'gu-lar) Ar'te-ry, 
An gular Vein. Terminations of the 
facial artery and vein near the inner 
angle of the eye. 
An'gular Pros'ess-es. The orbitary 
processes of the frontal bone. 
An-gu-la'ris Scap'u-lav* Another 
name for the muscle called levator angxdi 
scaptdse, the “elevator of the angle of 
the scapula.” 
Angulate, ang'gu-lat. [Angula'- 
tus; from an'gidus, an “angle.”] Hav- 
ing angles. 
An'gu-lons, or An'gu-lose. [An- 
gulosus: from an'gidus, an “angle.”] 
Full of angles. 
An-gus-tl-fo'H-aite, or An-gns-li, 
fo'll-ous. [ Angustifo'lius; from ali- 
gns'tus, “narrow,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having narrow leaves. 
ANG 
44 An-giis-U-sep'tus.5 [From angus’- 
tus, “narrow,” and sep'tum, a “parti- 
tion.”] Having narrow partitions. 
Angustura (an-gus-too'ra, written 
also Angostura) Bark. [From Angos- 
tu’ra, the name of a town of Venezuela.] 
The bark of Galipee’a cuspa’ria (Lond. 
Ph.), or G. ojfficiua'lis (U.S. Ph.). 
Augusturin, an-gus-too'rin, or An- 
gos-tn'rin. A neutral principle, ob- 
tained by submitting the alcoholic tinc- 
ture of angustura bark to spontaneous 
evaporation. 
An-he-la'tion. [Anhela'tio, o'nis; 
from anhe'lo, anhela'tum, to “breathe 
short.”] Shortness of breath. 
Anhel'itns.® Same as Anhelation. 
An-liy 'drite. [From anhy'dms (see 
next article), and \i'9og, a “stone.”] An- 
hydrous sulphate of lime; a mineral. 
An-hy'drons. [Anhy'drus; from 
dv (same as a), priv., and vdoip, “water.”] 
Without water. 
An-I-dro'sis.® [From av, priv., and 
lipoco, to “sweat.”] Diminution or sup- 
pression of the perspiration. 
Anil. See Indigo. 
An-il'ic or In-dl-got'ic An 
acid formed by the action of nitric acid 
on indigo. 
An'I-Hne. [From an'it, “indigo.”] 
An oily liquid formed by the action of 
caustic potash on indigo. Also applied 
to a greenish substance obtained from 
nitro-benzole : it forms the base of seve- 
ral beautiful dyes. 
AnT-ma.® [From dr epos, “wind,” 
“breath,” or “spirit.”] Anciently, any 
simple volatile substance; also, the 
purest part of any substance. The vital 
principle of animals or vegetables. 
An'ima Ar-tic-n-Io'rum.* Lite- 
rally, “life of the limbs;” a name given 
to colchicum on account of its medicinal 
virtues in rheumatism and gout. It 
formed the basis of many popular reme- 
dies against gout, such as the pulvis 
arthriticus Turneri, and the Vienna gout 
decoction. 
An'I-mal.® [From an'ima, the “spirit,” 
or “life.”] An organized body, endowed 
with life and voluntary motion. 
An'imal. [Anima'lis; from an'- 
ima, “life.”] Having life; pertaining 
to life. 
An'imal A$'id. Ani- 
ma'le.] An acid existing in animal 
bodies, or which can be obtained from 
them, as Allantoic, Ambreic, Butyric, etc. 
Animal Charcoal, or Animal Car- 
bon. See Carbon. Animal. 
ANG 
Animal E-con 'o-my. [CEcono’- 
mla Anima'lis.] The system of all 
matters relating to animal life; physi- 
ology. See Economy. 
Animal Heat. See Calor Ani- 
malis. 
Animal Jelly. See Gelatin. 
Animal King'dom 
Anima'le. Fr. Kegne Animal, ren &'ne'- 
m&l'] denotes, collectively, all those be- 
ings possessing animal life, the study of 
which is called Zoology. See Zoology. 
Animal Magnetism. See Mes- 
merism. 
Animal Temperature. See Calor 
Animalis. 
Animaleitla. See next article. 
An-i-mal'cnle. [Animal'cnluin 
(plural Animal'cula), which see.] A 
microscopic animal. These animals 
doubtless exist in the atmosphere, and 
in all rivers or ponds. Those best 
known are— 
1. Infnsorg Animalcules (Animal'cula 
Tnfuso'ria, often called simply Infusoria). 
Observed in nearly all fluids impreg- 
nated with any animal or vegetable sub- 
stance. 
2. Spermatic Animalcules. Supposed 
to have been discovered in the semen. 
See Spermatozoa. 
An-l-malen-lnin,* plural An-I- 
mal'eu-la. [The diminutive of an'i- 
inali] Literally, a “minute animal.’' 
A creature whose true figure cannot be 
ascertained without a magnifying glass. 
See Animalcule. 
An-I-mal'I-ty. [Animal'itas,a'f is.] 
The assemblage of faculties that distin- 
guish animal organic matter; vital act- 
ivity of an animal body, considered as 
unity. 
An-I-mal-i-asa'tion. [Animaliza'- 
tio, o’nis ; from an’imal.] The process 
by which food is assimilated to the va- 
rious substances of the body. 
An-t-ma'tion. [ Anima t io. o'nis ; 
from an’imo, ultima’turn, to “give life.”] 
The effect produced by the vis vita 
(“ power of life”), by which life is begun 
and maintained. 
Animation, Suspended. See As- 
phyxia. 
Anime, an'e-me. A resinous sub- 
stance, improperly called gum anime, said 
to be obtained from the Hymemea Cottr- 
baril, and used in perfumes, varnishes, 
and certain plasters. It resembles copal 
in appearance, and is often sold under 
that name. 
An'i-miftts. [From an’ima, the 
ANI 
45 “soul.”] Those physiologists who refer 
all the phenomena of the living body to 
the direct agency of the soul or a prin- 
ciple distinct from the body. 
An'I-on.* [Gr. avion/, the present par- 
ticiple of aueigi, to “ascend.”] A term ap- 
plied by Dr. Faraday to the body which 
passes to the positive pole—to the anode 
of the decomposing body—as it is sepa- 
rated by electricity. See Ration. 
Anise, an'iss. The Pimpinella An- 
isum, which see. 
An'I-seed,or An'ise-seed. The seeds 
of the Pimpincl'la ani'sum, much used as 
a carminative. 
Anisette de Itourdeanx, an'ni'- 
zet' deh boou'do'. A liqueur made by 
distilling anise, fennel, and coriander 
seeds, previously steeped in brandy, 
with sugar, and one-half water. 
Anisi Semina. See Aniseed. 
An-i-so-pet a-lous. j Anisopet'a- 
1ns; from avuro;, “unequal,” and pet'a- 
lum.] Having unequal petals. 
Aii-i-so-piiy lions. [Anisophyl'- 
lus; from avioos, and <pvX\ov, a “leaf.”] 
Having unequal leaves. 
A ii-l-so-stein 'o-nous. [ Aniso- 
steui'onis: from iv/ioos, and cripou, a 
“stamen.”] Having unequal stamens. 
A-ni'snm.* [From dringt, to “emit.”] 
Anise. The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S., 
Lend., and Ed. Ph.) for the fruit of Pim- 
pinel'la ani'sum. See Aniseed. 
An'ker. A liquid measure used at 
Amsterdam, containing about thirty-two 
gallons English wine-measure. 
An-ky-I«-blepb a-ron.- [From 
ayxvXri, “noose,” and the “eye- 
lid.”] A preternatural union of the 
two eyelids. 
An-kf-lo-glossi-a.5 or An-cy-Io- 
glos'sl-a.*' [From dyKv\r\, a “noose” or 
“bridle,” and yAcDuo-a, the “tongue.”] A 
natural defect termed tongue-tie. 
An-ky-losis.* [From dyrvXri, a 
“clasp.”] The consolidation of the ar- 
ticulating extremities of two or more 
bones that previously formed a natural 
joint; stiff-joint. 
An-neal'ing'. [From the Saxon 
on-selan, to “set on fire,” to “make 
hot,” to “burn.”] The process by which 
substances naturally hard and brittle 
are rendered tough. It consists in rais- 
ing the substance (glass or metal) to be 
annealed, to a high temperature, and 
then causing it to cool very slowly. 
Annelida'. See Anellata. 
An-not'to. [Derivation uncertain.] 
A kind of reddish dye, obtained from 
ANI 
the Bixa Orellana, or Orleana; the 
Terra Orleana of the shops. 
An'mi-piis,® plural Aii-iin-en'teS. 
[From au'nno, to “nod.”] Applied to the 
muscles called Recti antki capitis, be- 
cause they are employed in nodding the 
head. 
Annular Bone. Sec Os Annulare. 
Aii'iiu-Iar Car ti-lage. [C'Hrtila'go 
Annula ris.] The cricoid cartilage. 
Annular Lig ament. [I.igainrn '- 
turn Annulare.] A strong ligament 
encircling the ankle; also, the wrist. 
Annular Process, Annular 
Pro-tu'be*rance. [Processus An- 
uula ris. l*rotalteran tia Annula- 
ris.] The Pons Varolii/ also called 
Tuber annulare, and Corpus annulare. 
See Pons Varolii. 
Annular Vein. [ Annularis 
Ve'na.] The vein between the little 
and ring fingers. 
[From an'nulus, a 
“ring.”] Having rings: an'nulate, or 
an'nulated. Applied in the neuter plu- 
ral (Annula'ta) to a class of worm-like 
animals. See Aneli.ata. 
An'mi-lid-a.® The same as Anel- 
i.ata, which see. 
An'nu-lus.* A Latin word, signify- 
ing “ring,” forming a part of a number 
of anatomical names. 
Annulus Abdominis. See Ab- 
dominal Ring. 
An nulus Cil-I-a'ris.*' The ciliary 
circle or ligament; a white ring forming 
the bond of union between the choroid 
coat of the eye, the iris, and the corona 
ciliaris. It is the annulus ganglifonnis 
tuning choroidete of Soemmering. 
Annulus I.ig-a-nien-to sus.- The 
ciliary circle or ligament. See Annells 
Ciliaris. 
An'nulus O-va’Iis.® The rounded 
margin of the septum which occupies 
the place of the foramen ovale in the 
foetus. It is also called the an'nulus 
foram 'inis. 
An'ode. [From ana, “up,” and f><5<k, 
a “way.”] In electro-chemical action, 
that part of the surface of the decom- 
posing body into which the electric cur- 
rent “ ascends” or enters. 
A-nod'Ie. [Anod'iens; from the 
same.] Used by some writers in the 
same sense as Anastaltic. 
An'o-dyne. [Anod'ynus; from nv, 
priv., and oSvvrj, “pain.”] Applied to 
medicines which assuage pain : antal'gic. 
See Sopiens. 
A-noina-Ii-llo'roiis. [ Anomali- 
ANO 
46 ANO 
ANT 
Horns; from anom'ttlm, and fl<>■'<, a 
“flowei-.”] Having anomalous flowers. 
A-noni'a-ll-i>e«le. [Anom alipcs, 
p'edis; from anom'alus, and pes, a 
“ foot.”] Having anomalous feet. 
A- n oin 'a-lo-cep liu-I us.s [From 
dvflaXus, “irregular,” and KcpaXr), the 
“head.”] Hne whose head is deformed. 
Sec Anomalous. 
A-noni a-Ioux. [Anom’alus; from 
av, priv., and f.jaXu;, “level,” “even,” 
“regular.”] Applied to diseases or 
symptoms out of the regular course. 
A - n i> m-o-y epli’ii-1 ns.f [From a, 
priv., vojxdi, a “ law” or “ rule,” and *£ iaXif, 
the “head.”] Oue whoso head is deformed; 
the same as Anomalocephalus. 
Aii-oiii'plia-loiin. [ tiicniplialns; 
from av, priv., and dp[ta\6s, the “navel.”] 
Having no navel. 
A-unil y-inus.* [From av, priv., and 
ov ipa, a “name.”] Literally, nameless. 
A term formerly applied to the cricoid 
muscle. 
An-opli-ttijU'im-a.* [From av, priv., 
and 6p%\fi6;, the “eye.”] The condi- 
tion of being without eyes. 
Aii-op-lo-tlie'rl-nm.* [From av, 
priv., onXov,“armor,” nndfidpiov, a“beast.”J 
A fossil animal found in the Paris tertia- 
ries, destitute of horns, tusks, or claws. 
An-op'sl-a.* [From a>, priv., and 
Spi;, “vision-”] Defect of sight. 
An ■or'cliaus. [Anor’clins; from 
av, priv., and iipX's, a “testicle.”] Having 
no testicles. 
An-o-rex'l-a.* [From av, priv., and 
opej-i;, “desire,” “appetite.”] XVant of 
appetite: an’orexy. A genus of the order 
Di/sorexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Aanrmal. See Abnormal. 
An-oS'ml-a.* [From av, priv., and o’,os, 
to “smell.”] Loss of the sense of smell. 
An-os-plire'sl-a.* [From av, priv., 
and oobpnns, the “sense of smell.”] Loss 
of the sense of smell. 
An -o'tns.* [From av, priv., and ov,-, 
<l>ro;, the “ear.”] Without ears. 
An'ser.* A goose. Tn the plural 
(An'ser-es) it is applied to an order of 
birds including all the web-footed water- 
fowl. 
An-ser-i'nus.* [From an'ser, a 
“goose.”] Pertaining to a goose: an'- 
serine. See Pes Anseuinus. 
[From dvri, “against,” 
and ai/idum, an “acid.”] Destroying 
or counteracting acidity, by combining 
with and neutralizing it. 
Ant-ac'rid. [ An tac'ridus; from 
dvr“against,” and ac'ridus, “acrid.”] 
Correcting an acrid condition of the se- 
cretions. 
Ant-ag'o-nism. [Aiitag-oiiis'iaius; 
from dvri, “against,” and to 
“contend.”] The action of muscles op- 
posed to each other in their office. 
Aul-ago-nist. [Antag-onis'ta; from 
the same.] Applied to muscles whoso 
function is opposed to that of others, as 
abductors and adductors, extensors and 
flex rs, etc. 
Ant-al'gie. [Antal 'gieus; from 
dvri, “against,” and uXyoj, “pain."] The 
same as Anodyne. 
Ant-al'lia-lfne. [Antalikali'nais; 
from dvri, “against,” and al'kalu] Neu- 
tralizing alkalies. 
Antaptiroilisiac, ant'af-ro-dizh'c- 
ak, Ant-a|»{»'ro-dit'ie. [Antaplsro- 
(lisi'acuN, Antaphrodit'icus; from 
dvri, and 'A<ppoSirq, the name of “Venus,” 
also “venereal desire.”] Tending to sub- 
due amorous desire: anti-venereal. 
Ant-arc'tic. [Antarc'ticus; from 
dvri, “against,” and dpxriKo;, “pertaining 
to the north.”] Opposite the north; 
southern. 
Antarc'tic Circle. A circle extend- 
ing degrees from the South Pole, and 
marking that portion of the southern 
hemisphere within which at the winter 
solstice the sun does not set. 
Ant-ar-thrit'ic. [Antarttirit'icsis; 
from dvri, “ against,” anddpOpirig, “ gout.”] 
Relieving gout. 
Ant-astli-iuat ie. [AiitastEiniaC- 
from dvri, “against,” and do-d/ut.] 
Relieving asthma. 
Ant-a-tro'phic. [Antatrojih'icus; 
from dvri, “against,” and drpofla, “atro- 
phy,” “defect of aliment.”] Overcoming 
atrophy. 
Antefloxio,® an-te-flek'she-o. [From 
an'te, “before,” and flee'to, flex'wm, to 
“bend.”] A bending forward: anteflexion. 
Anteflex io U'ter-i.* Anteflexion 
of the womb; the fundus sinking for- 
ward between its cervix and the neck 
of the bladder. 
An-ten'na,* plural An-ten 'nse. [A 
Latin term signifying a “sail-yard,” r.nd 
applied to the horns of insects, because, 
extending on each side of the head, they 
are supposed to resemble the yard-arms 
projecting on each side of the mast of a 
ship.] Certain articulated filaments in- 
serted in the heads of the Crustacea and 
Inseeta, peculiarly devoted to a delicate 
sense of touch. They are popularly 
called horns, or feelers. 
47 ANT 
ANT 
An-ten'nate. [Anteiina'tiis.] 
H aving antenna,. 
An-ten-nif'e-rons. [Anteiinif'e- 
rus; from anten'na, and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing antenna. 
An-ten'nI-form. [Antennifor'- 
mis ; from anten'na.] Having the form 
of antenna; resembling antenna’. 
An-te-pec'tiis.* [From an'te, “ be- 
fore,” and pec'tus, the “ breast.”] The 
anterior segment of the Pectus, or inferior 
surface of the trunk in insects. 
Ant-epli-I-ftl'tic. [ Aiitopliial'U- 
cus; from amt, “ against,” and 
“night-mare.”] Efficacious against 
night-mare. 
Ant-ep-I-lep'tic. [Antppilep'ti- 
cus; from dmt, and im\e<pia, “epilepsy.”] 
Efficacious against epilepsy. 
An-te'ri-or.* Before, as applied to 
muscles and nerves. 
A«i-te-ster'inim.* [From an'te, 
“before,” and ster’nnm, the “breast- 
bone.”] In Entomology, the first or 
anterior division of the sternum. 
Anteversio,® an-te-ver'she-o. [From 
an'te, “before,” and rer'to, ver'sum, to 
“turn.”] A turning forward. 
Aiitrver sio F'ter-i.* (“Anteversion 
of the Womb.”) Displacement of the 
uterus, the fundus being thrown forward, 
so as to compress the neck of the blad- 
der, the mouth being turned to the 
sacrum. 
An t-Iui'in-or-rlsair'io. [Antlipem- 
orrUag'Icus; from dmi, “against,” and 
alfiofpayia, “haemorrhage.”] Checking 
haemorrhage. 
Ant'Ue-lix.* [From amt, “against,” 
“opposite to,” and ?XiJ, the “helix.”] 
The inner circular ridge of the external 
ear. 
An-tlicl-inin'tic*. [Antliclmin'- 
ticus; from dmi, “against,” and eXpirs, 
'iXptvOo;, a “worm.”] Expelling worms 
from the intestinal canal: vermifuge. 
An tlie-mis. [From dtSsto, to “flow- 
er.”] Chamomile. A Linnaean genus of 
the class Synyenesia, natural order Com- 
positse (sub-order Corymbifera). The 
Pharmacopoeia! name jj of the Anthemis 
Nobilis, which see. 
An'tliemis XoS»'j-15s.* The herb 
which yields chamomile flowers; called 
also Chamasme'liw, Cham asm e'lum No'- 
bile, and Chamomil'la Roma'xa. 
An'theinis I*yr'e-tlinun.* The 
pellitory of Spain. The root of this 
plant, called Pyrethrum by the Pharma- 
copoeias, is a powerful sialagogue. On 
account of its acrid and stimulating 
properties, it is used as a masticatory 
in the toothache, rheumatism of the 
face, etc. 
An'tlier. [Antlie'ra; from &t/8of, a 
“flower.”] The part of the flower which 
contains the pollen, or the male fecun- 
dating principle. It is the head and 
essential part of the stamen. 
Aii-ther-ld'I-uin.* [The diminutive 
of anthe'ra.] Applied in the nominative 
plural (Antherid'ia) to collections of 
cells found in cryptogamous plants con- 
taining bodies analogous to the sperma- 
tozoa of animals. 
An-flier-if 'er-ous. (Antherlfe* 
nis; from au'ther, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing anthers. 
An-tlie'sis.* [From avdiu, to “flow- 
er.”] The production of flowers. 
Antliiarin, an-the'a-rin. The active 
principle of a gum resin obtained from 
the Anthiaris toxicaria. 
An-I It i-a'ris (or An-ti-a'ris) Tox- 
I-ca'rl-a.® The scientific name of the 
Upas Tree, which see. 
An-tho-ear'pous. I Ant Itoear'- 
ptis; from ai6os, a “flower,” and ichpiroj, 
“fruit.”] A term applied to fruits pro- 
duced from masses of flowers adhering 
to each other, like the pine-apple. 
[From dsOo;, a 
“flower,” and xva.og, “blue.”] A sub- 
stance obtained from the blue of flowers. 
Aii-tlio'dl-iiin.* [From avffas, a 
“flower.”] A kind of calyx, common to 
many flowers. 
Aii-tliofr'ra-pliy. [Anthogra'< 
pltia: fri in avOos, a “flower,” and 
ypatpoi, to “write.”] A description of 
flowers. 
An'tlioid. [Anllioi'dcs: from uifio;, 
a “flower,” and etio;, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a flower. 
An'tho-lite. j Ant.holi'tes: from 
<h>9oi, a “flower,” and XiOos, a “stone.”] 
The fossil impression of a flower. 
An-tliol o-sy. [Antliolo'gia: from 
avQus, a“ flower,” and Xoyus, a“ discourse.”] 
A treatise on flowers, their nature, quali- 
ties, appearance, etc. 
An'tho-ny’s Fire, Saint. [Ig-'nta 
Sane'ti Anto'nii.] Another name for 
Erysipelas, which see. 
An-tlioplii-Ius. [From ur0o«. a 
“flower,” and <pi\os, a “lover.”] Lite- 
rally, “loving flowers.” Applied in the 
neuter plural (Anthoph'ila) to a family 
of hymenopterous insects : anthoph'ilous. 
An-tlio-plio'ri-um,* An-thopli'o- 
ruin.* [From aAhg, a “flower,” and 
<ptpu>, to “ bear.”] A prolongation of the 
48 ANT 
ANT 
receptacle, hearing petals, stamen, and 
pistil: an an'thophore. 
An-thox-an'tiiin. [Anthexan- 
thi'na; from dr6of, a “ flower,” and 
£aMs, “yellow.”] A substance obtained 
from the yellow of flowers. 
An-thra'cl-a.* [From drdpaj:, a 
“coal.”] See Frambcesia. 
Anthra'cia Ru'bu-la.* Dr. Good’s 
term for the disease called “the yaws.” 
See Frambcesia. 
An-thra-cif cr-ous. [Anthracif- 
erus; from drdpa%, “coal” or “carbon,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Containing car- 
bon. 
An'thra-cite. [Anthraci'tes; from 
dvdpa£, a “coal,” and Ac'floj, a “stone.”] 
A species of stone-coal burning without 
smoke and with little or no effluvia. 
Anthraco'des. The same as An- 
thracoi'des. See Anthracoid. 
An'thra-coid. [Anthracoi'dos; 
from drdpaJ, “coal,” and a ho;, a “form.”] 
Resembling carbuncle; having the na- 
ture of carbuncle. 
An-thrn-cok'a-li. The name given 
to a remedy recently employed in certain 
herpetic affections. The simple prepa- 
ration consists of a levigated coal-dust 
and pure potassa; the sulphurated pre- 
paration is composed of sulphur, levi- 
gated coal-dust, and caustic potassa. 
An-thra-co-the'rl-um.* [From 
ardpaj:, “coal,” and 6r\plov, an “animal.”] 
A fossil animal found in coal and in 
sandstone. 
Anthrax, a cis* [Lat. Carbnn'cu- 
lus, a “little coal;” Gr.dvQpa£, a“coal.”] 
A carbuncle. A hard, circumscribed, in- 
flammatory dark-red or purple tumor, 
accompanied by a sense of burning, re- 
sembling a boil, but having no central 
core. 
V n-thro-pog'en-y. [Anlhropo- 
ge'uia; from H'Opmrro;, a “man,” and 
yivttns, “generation.”] The generation 
of man. 
An-thrn-pojf'*’»-phy’. [Anthro- 
pogra'phia; from dMpumo;, a “man,” 
and yptyo), to “write.”] A history or 
treatise on the structure of man. 
An'thro-poid. [Anthropoi'dos; 
from ttyOpomo;, a “man,” and eihoq, a 
“form.”] Resembling man. 
An-throp'o-lite. [Anthrnpoli'- 
tes; from dvOpwvog, a “man,” and Xi'Ooj, 
a “stone.”] A petrifaction of human 
bones. 
An-I hro-pol o-jiy. [Anthropolo'- 
niu: from di/dpiono;, a “man,” and X»yo,-, 
a “ discourse.”] A treatise on man; a 
description of man; also, the science 
which treats of the physical and intel- 
lectual nature of man. 
An-tSiro-poin'e-try. [Anlhropo- 
me'tria; from urdpuims, a “ man,” and 
piriiov, a “ measure.”] Measurement of 
the dimensions of man. 
An-thro-po-mor phons. [Antliro- 
ponior'phus; from drOpcono;, a “man,” 
and pop<l>tj, “ shape.”] Formed like man; 
man-shaped. 
An-tlir«-|M)ph’a-gus,* plural An- 
tliro-poph'a-&i. [From ardpumog, a 
“man,” and tpayto, to “eat.”] One who 
eats human flesh: a cannibal. 
An-Iliro-popli ii-iiy. [Anthropo- 
pha'gda; from the same.] The eating 
of human flesh. 
A n -1 h ro-pos' co-py. [ A n I h ropo- 
sco'pia; from drQpimroj, a “man,” and 
okottuo, to “ observe.”] An inspection of 
the lineaments of man. 
An-tl»ro-po-M>in'a-tol,o-}?y. [An- 
throposoiiiatolo'c'ia; from di/Opuiro;, a 
“man,” owpa, the “body,” and Aoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A description of the 
structure of the human body. 
An-t hro-poN'o-phy. [Anthro- 
poso'phia; from deOpomo;, a “man,” 
and co<J>ia, “wisdom.”] Knowledge of 
the nature and general character of 
man. 
An-thro-pot 'o-niy. [Anthropoto'- 
mia; from arOpomos, a “man,” and rep o>, 
to “ cut.”] The dissecting of man ; hu- 
man anatomy 
[Antliy pnot'i- 
cun: from dvn, “against,” and ihrros, 
“sleep.”] Hindering sleep. 
Ant-hyp-o-cUon'drI-a«*. [Anthyp- 
ochondri'acus; from am', “against,” 
and vnoxov&piaKos, “hypochondriac.”] 
Overcoming hypochondriasis. 
Ant-hys-ter'ie. [Anthyster'icns; 
from avTi, “against,” and hyste'ria.] 
Overcoming hysteria. 
Anti-. [Gr. dm.] A prefix signify- 
ing “against,” “opposed to,” or “cor- 
rective of j” as anti-bilious, anti-lithic, etc. 
An-ti'a-defc.® [The plural of dmds, 
amdSo;, a “tonsil.”] Another name for 
the tonsils. 
An-tl-a-di'tis.* [From dmas, amaSo?, 
a “ tonsil.”] Inflammation of the tonsils. 
Antiaphrodisiac. See Antaphro- 
disiac. 
Antiaris. See Anthiaris. 
Anti arthritic. See Antarthritic. 
An'ti-as.® The singular of Antiadf.s, 
which see. 
Antiasthmatic. See Antasttimatic. 
49 Aniiatrophic. Sec Antatrophic. 
Antibrachial, an-te-bra'ke-al. [An- 
tibraehia'lis.] Belonging to the anti- 
brachium, or fore-rrm. 
An-ti-bra'ehl.uni.® [From avri, 
“against,” and bra! chium, the “arm.”] 
The fore-arm, as opposed to, when bent 
upon, the proper arm. 
An.tt-ca-ehec’tie. [Anticacliec'- 
ticus; from dm', “against,” and ca- 
chex'ia, a “bad habit of body.”] Op- 
posed to cachectic diseases. See Ca- 
chexia. 
An-ti-car'di-um.® [From dm, 
“against,” and sapSia, the “heart.”] 
The scrobic'ulus cor'dis, or pit of the 
stomach. 
Anticheir,* an'te-kir. [From dm, 
“against,” and \dp, the “hand.”] Op- 
posed to the hand. A name sometimes 
applied to the thumb. 
An-tX-cli'nal. j Anticlinal is; from 
avri, “against,” and cli'no, to “bend.”] 
Bending in opposite directions. Applied 
in Geology to strata which decline both 
ways from a longitudinal ridge, called 
the anticlinal axis. 
An-ti-din'ic. [Antidin'icus; from 
dm, “against,” and duo;, “giddiness.”] 
Relieving from giddiness, or vertigo. 
An'tl-dote. [An! idol uni. A is t ill'- 
ll tu*: from avri, “against,” and iXSco/u, 
to “give.”] A medicine given to coun- 
teract the effects of poison. 
Antidotus. See Antidote. 
An-ti-djfe-en-ter'ie. [Antidyson- 
ter'icns; from dm, “against,” and 
biacjTtpia, “dysentery.”] Preventing or 
curing dysentery. 
Aniicphialtic. See Antephialtic. 
Antiepileptic. See Ant epileptic. 
An-tl-feb'rile. [Antifebri'lis; from 
dm', “against,” and fe'bris, a “fever.”] 
Subduing fever; febrifuge. 
AA-ti-ga-lac'tic. [Antigalae'ti- 
cus; from dm, “against,” and yuAa, 
“milk.”] Lessening tho secretion of 
milk. 
An-tl-hec'tic. [Antihec'ticus; from 
am, “against,” and iktikos, “hectic.”] 
Assuaging hectic fever. 
Antihelix. See Anthelix. 
Antilielinintie. See Anthelmintic. 
An-ti-hy-drop'ic. [Antihydrop'- 
icus; from dm, “against,” and vipoif/, 
“ dropsy.”] Curative of dropsy. 
Antihypnotic. See Axthypnotic. 
Antihypochondriac. Seo Anthyp- 
OCIIONDRIAC. 
Antihysteric. See Anthysteric. 
An-ti-Ic-t£r'ic. [Anti-Icter'icus; 
ANT 
from dm, “against,” and iKrcpos, the 
“jaundice.”] Curative of Icterus, or 
jaundice. 
An-ti-lith'ic. [Antilith'icns; from 
dm, “ against,” and Aidog, a “ stone.”] 
Preventing the formation of stone, or 
calculus. 
An-ti-lo'bi-uin.* [Prom avri, “a- 
gainst,” and A0665, the “lobe of the ear.”] 
The tragus, or part opposite the lobe of 
the ear. 
An-tl-loiiiiic, or An-tl-lee'mic. 
[Antiloi'iiiiciis; from avri, “against,” 
and the “plague.”] Curative of 
plague or pestilence of any kind. 
An-tl-lys'sio. [From avri, “against,” 
and \vaaa, “canine madness.”] A re- 
medy against hydrophobia. 
An-tl-nio'ni-al. [Antlinonia'lis; 
from antimo'nium.] Pertaining to anti- 
mony. 
Antlnio'nial Pow der. The Pulvis 
antimonialis (Ed. and Dub. Ph.), or Pul- 
vis antimonii compositus (Lond. Ph.), used 
as a substitute for James’s Powder. 
Antinio'nial Wine. [ Yi iiinn An- 
timo'nii.] A solution of tartar emetic 
in sherry or other wine; two grains of 
the tartar emetic being contained in 
every fluidounce of the preparation. 
An-ti-ino'ni-atc. [Antiino'nias, 
a'tis; from antimo'nicnm af'idum.] A 
combination of antimonic acid with a 
base. 
An-tl-nion'ic A?'i<l. [Antinio'ni- 
eum A substance other- 
wise called peroxide of antimony. 
An-ti-ino'ni-ous A(id. Formed 
by exposing the wThite hydrate of the 
peroxide of antimony to a red heat. 
An-tim'o-nite. [ Antini'onis, i'tis ; 
from antiruo'nious afid.] A combination 
of antimcnious acid and an alkaline 
base. 
Aiitlinonluni. See Antimony. 
An-ti-nioiii-iim Tar-tar-I-za'- 
tnm.3 The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. 
and Dub. Ph.) of emetic tartar, or anti- 
monii potcissio-tartras (Lond. Ph.), or tar- 
tarized antimony. See Tartar Emetic. 
[Antimo'nium; 
conjectured to be derived fiom iim, 
“against,” and min'ium, “vermilion;” 
because used in aid of rouge for height- 
ening the complexion.] A metal of which 
many of the compounds are used in 
medicine. 
An-tl-ne-phrit'ic. [Antinephrit'- 
icus; from avri, “against,” and vuppXrts, 
“disease of the kidneys ”] Curative of 
diseases of the kidneys. 
ANT 
50 ANT 
ANT 
An-tin'I-ad. Applied the same as 
untinial used adverbially. See Gla- 
BELLAD. 
An-tin'l-al. [From dvri, “against,” 
and iviov, the “oceiput.”] Opposite the 
occiput. Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
meaning towards the glabella, or space 
between the eyebrows. 
Antiodontalgic. See Antodoxtal- 
GIC. 
An-tl-or-sjas'tie. [Antiorgas'tl- 
cns; from dvri, “against,” and dpydv&>, 
to “excite.”] Allaying excitement; sy- 
nonymous with sedative. 
An'tl-par-a-sta-ti tis. - [From an- 
tiparas’tatse, Cowper's glands.] In- 
flammation of Cowper’s glands. 
An-tip'a-tliy. | Antipathia.* Gr. 
dvrnrddsta; from dvri, “against,” and 
naOo;, “feeling,” “affection.”] Any op- 
posite properties in matter; also, aver- 
sion to particular objects. 
A n-tl-pcr-i-stalt ic. [Antipcri- 
stal ticus; from dvri, “against,” and 
perista/’tic.\ Applied to inverted peri- 
staltic motion of the bowels. See Peri- 
staltic. 
An-t i-pesti-lcn-t ini. [From dvri, 
“ against,” andpestilen'tia, “pestilence.”] 
Same as Antiloimic. 
An-tl-pliar'inic. [From dvri, “a- 
gainst,” and fyappaKov, a “poison.”] The 
same as Alexipharmic. 
An'tl-ptilo-gis'tic. [Antiplilo- 
{jislipiis: from dvri, “against,” and 
<p\eyw, to “burn.”] Applied to treatment 
intended to subdue inflammation, or ex- 
citement of the system in inflammatory 
complaints. 
Antiphthisic. an-te-tiz/ik. [Anti- 
pliIliis'icns : from dvri, “against,” and 
<l>‘)iaii, “ consumption.”] Checking phthis- 
is, or consumption. 
An-tl-phys'ic. [Antiphys'icus; 
from dvri, “against,” and (j>vad(o, to “in- 
flate.”] Dispelling flatulency. Also, 
against nature [from </>»<rif, “nature”]. 
For the purpose of distinction it would 
perhaps be preferable to write Antiphn'- 
sic when we mean “dispelling” or “cor- 
rective of flatulency.” 
An-tl-plas'tic. [Antiplas'ticus: 
from dvri, “ against,” and trXaaaa), to 
“form.”] Unfavorable to healing, or 
granulation; disorganizing. 
An-tl-pleu-rit'ie. [Antipleiirit'- 
ictiH: from dvri, “against,” and aXcvpins, 
“pleurisy.”] Curative of pleurisy. 
Aii-tl-po-dair'rie. [Antipodag'ri- 
ous; from dvri, “against,” and noidypa, 
the “gout.”] Curative of gout. 
An-tt-pros'ta-t* Cilan'dii-Ise.* 
The antiprostate glands; a name for 
Cowper’s glands ; also called Antiparas'- 
tatse. 
An-ti-pros-tat'ic. [ Antiprostat’- 
icus; from dm, “ against,” and pros'~ 
tata glan'dula, the “prostate gland.”] 
Opposite the prostate gland. 
An-ti-pron'ta-tus.* The same as 
Antiprostatic. 
Ail-tip-sor'lc. [Ant ipsor'ieus ; 
from dm, “ against,” and y pa, the 
“itch.”] Curative of the itch. 
An-ti-py'io. [Antipy'icus: from 
dvri, “against,” and iruov, “pus.”] Pre- 
venting suppuration. 
An-tl-py-rct'ic. [Antipyret'ieus; 
from dvri, “ against,” andirupsrdf, “ fever.”] 
Curative of fevers. Antifeb'rile: feb'ri- 
fuge. 
An-tI-p$t-rot'ic. [Antipyrot'icus ; 
from dvri, “ against,” and rip, “ lire.”] 
Curative of burns. 
Aii-ti-qiiar-ta-iia'ri-an, An-tf- 
quar'lan. [ Antiquartana'rinst from 
dvri, “against,” and quarta'na fe'bris, a 
“quartan fever or ague.”] Curative of 
quartan ague. 
Antirachitic, an-te-ra-kit'ik. [An- 
tirachit'ieus; from dvri, “against,” 
and racin'tis, “ rickets.”] Corrective of 
rachitis. 
Antiscii,* an-tish'e-i, the plural of 
Antiscius, an-tish'e-us. [From dvri, 
“ against,” and atad, a “shade” or 
“shadow.”] Having’ their shadow in 
opposite directions at noon, as the peo- 
ple north and south of the equator: 
antis'eious: antis'eian. 
An-tl-scol'ic. [Antiscorieus; from 
dvri, “against,” and a/cwXiif, a “worm.”] 
Against worms; capable of expelling 
worms: vermifuge; anthelmintic. 
An-tl-scor-bu'tic. [ Ant isoorbu'- 
ticns; from dvri, “ against,” and scor- 
bu'tus, the disease “scurvy.”] Correct- 
ive of Scorbutus, or scurvy. 
An-ti-scrof'n-lous. [Antiscrofu- 
lo’sus: from dvri, “against,” and scrof- 
ula, the “ king’s evil.”] Curative of 
Scrofula. 
An-ti-Hep'tic. [Antisep'ticns; 
from dvri, “against,” and afrtrco, to “pu- 
trefy.”] Preventing putrefaction. 
A n-t 1-spas-iiMMl'ic. [ Anlispas- 
mod'icus; from dvri, “against,” and 
a-rraafi, a “ spasm.”] Allaying spas- 
modic pains. 
An-t i-spas't ic. [Antispas't ions; 
from dvri, “ against,” and <nrdo>, to 
“draw.”] Literally, “drawing against 
51 ANT 
APE 
or in an opposite direction.” Counter- 
acting a state of spasm. Synonymous 
with Anti spasmodic. 
An-tl-sypls-i-lit'ic. [Antisyplii- 
lit'icus; from dvri, “against,” and 
syph'ilis.] Curative Of syphilis. 
An-titfi'e-nar.® [From dvri, “ a- 
gainst,” and Oerap, the “ hollow of the 
hand or foot.”] Applied in Anatomy to 
the muscles Adductor ad indicem of the 
hand, and Adductor of the great toe. 
Aiititliora. See Anthora. 
An-ti-trag'I-cns.* Belonging to 
the ant it ray us: antit'ragic. 
An-tit'ra-gns.® [From dvri, “a- 
gainst,” and tra'yus.] The thicker part 
of the antihelix, opposite the tragus. 
An-tit'ro-pous. [Autit'ropus; 
from dvri, “ against,” and Tponfi, a “ turn- 
ing.”] Applied, in Botany, to the em- 
bryo when the radicle is distant from the 
hilum, the cotyledons being next to the 
latter; inverted. 
An-ti-ve-ne're-al. [Antivene're- 
ns; from dvri, “against,” and vend reus, 
“venereal.”] Curative of venereal 
disease. 
An-tl-zym'fo. [Anf izynt'ieus: 
from dm, “against,” and %vp6co, to “fer- 
ment.”] Preventive of fermentation. 
Ant'H-a.® [From drr\ia, a “ pump.”] 
The spiral apparatus by which certain 
insects draw up the juices of plants. 
Asat'Iia tiic'te-a,* Ant'lia Mam- 
ma'ri-a.® An instrument for drawing 
milk from the breast: a milk-pump; a 
breast-pump. 
Ant-o-«8o«a-tar&ie. [Antodontnl'- 
j£ECiis; from dvri, “against,” and oiov- 
ra\yia, a “ toothache.”] Curative of the 
toothache. 
Antonii, Ignis Sancti. See Ery- 
sipelas. 
Antorg-astic. See Antiorgastic. 
An-tri'tis.® [From an'trum, a “cave” 
or “ cavity.”] Inflammation of any 
cavity of the body. 
An'trnm.* [From dvrpov, a “cave.”] 
A cavity. Applied specially to one in 
the upper maxillary bone, termed An'- 
tmm Highmoria'n um. 
An'trnm Bnccinosnm,35 biik-sin- 
o'silm. [From hue'cine, a “trumpet.”] 
The trumpet-like cavity, or cochlea of 
the ear. 
An'trnm tjle'nse.® According to 
Quincy, the name given by Casserius to 
the Antrum Higkntorianiim before High- 
more discovered it. 
Antrum Highmorianum. See 
Higiimorianum, Antrum. 
An'trnm Max-fl'Iie,* An'trnm 
Max-il-la're,® An'trum of High'* 
more. The Ant) inn Hiylnnoi iamim. 
An'trnm I'y-Io'ri.* The small 
extremity of the stomach near the 
pylorus. 
Ants, Acid of. See Formic Acid. 
An-u'rl-a.® [From a, priv., and 
ovfior, “ urine.”] Defective secretion of 
urine: an'ury. 
A nns.® [From an'nun, a “circle.”] 
The extremity of the rectum: the fun- 
dament. 
Anus, Artificial. See Artificial 
Anus. 
Anus, Imperforate. See Atresia, 
Atretus. 
Anx-i'e-ty. [ A n x i'etas, n't is ; from 
anx'ins, “anxious,” (from ayxco, to 
“choke,” to “ di.-tress”).] A settled 
expression of anxiety in the features 
forming a dangerous symptom in acute 
diseases. 
A-or'fa.® [Gr. doprrj, from aupw, to 
“raise up,” to “support,” to “suspend;” 
because it is supported or suspended 
from the heart.] The large arterial 
trunk arising from the left ventricle of 
the heart, and giving origin to every 
artery except the pulmonary and its 
ramifications. 
Aortenrysma,® or Aortenrisma,® 
a-ort-u-riz'ma. [From tinprf), and avtvpvno, 
to “dilate.”] Aneurism of the aorta. 
A-or'tic. [Aor'ticus.] Belonging 
to the aorta. 
A-or-ti'tis, idig.* [From aor’ta.] In- 
flammation of the aorta. 
A-pag'.v-nons. [Apagynus; from 
airaj, “ once,” and ynrv, a “ woman,” 
“one who brings forth.”] Applied to 
plants which fructify but once and then 
die. See Gynaecology. 
Apa-tlvy. [Apalhi'a; frotn a, priv., 
and 7mOo;, “feeling,” “passion.”] Ab- 
sence or privation of all passion, emo- 
tion, or excitement. 
Ap 'a-tite. A phosphate of lime. 
A-pep'sI-a.® [From a, priv., and verrra), 
to “cook,” to “digest.”] Imperfect 
digestion. A term formerly used for 
dyspepsia. 
A-ite'rl-ent. [Apo'riens; from 
ape'rio, to “open.”] Opening. Applied 
to a medicine which gently opens the 
bowels. 
A-per'tor, o'r/s.® [From ape'rio, 
aper'tinn, to “open.”] Literally, “ that 
which opens.” The Levator palpebne 
snperiorie; otherwise, the Apertor oculi. 
(“opener of the eye”). 
52 APE 
APL 
A-’tcl'a-lous. [Apdalcus: from 
a, priv., and pet'alum, a “petal.”] Hav- 
ing no petals. 
A'pex.* The point or extremity of a 
cone: hence applied to parts of the body 
supposed to resemble a cone, as the apex 
of the heart, of the tongue, etc. 
Aphseresis,* a-fer'e-sis. [From <im5, 
“from,” and cupeu, to “take.”] A term 
formerly applied to that branch of Sur- 
whose business it is to cut off or 
remove any portion of the body. 
Aph-a>nop'te>rus,* or Aph-a-nip'- 
te-riis.* [From dpaeiis, “invisible,” and 
7rrf/<o>, a “ wing.”] In the neuter plural 
( Aphanip’tera, or Aphanop’tera) applied 
to a family of insects apparently with- 
out wings: aphanop'terous. 
Aph-e'II-oii.* [From dird, “from,” 
and i/Xtos, the “sun.”] A term used in 
Astronomy to denote that point of a 
planet’s orbit farthest from the sun. 
A-phelx'I-a.* [From dcpiXso, to “ draw 
away.” See Apo.] Aphelxia socurs, ab- 
sence of mind; Aphelxia intenla, abstrac- 
tion; Aphelxia otio8a, revery or brown 
study. 
Aphides. See Aphis. 
Aph-I-diph'a-gus.* [From a'phis, 
and tpayeXe, to “eat.”] Applied in the 
plural masculine (Apliidiph'atji) to a 
family of Cofeoptera which feed on 
Aphides: aphidiph'agous. 
A-phid'i-ns.* [From a phis.] Be- 
longing to the Aphides. In the plural 
masculine (Aphid'ii) applied to a family 
of hemipterous insects: aphid'ious. 
Aph-I-divo-rous. [Aphidiv’orns; 
from a'phis, and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
Eating aphides. 
A'phis, idis* plural Aphides, af'e- 
dez. The plant-louse, the type of a 
family of Hemiptera. 
A'phis Vas-ta'tor.* A species of 
aphis remarkable for its destructive 
powers. See Vastator. 
Aph-Io-gis'tic. [ Aphlogis't ieus; 
from a, priv., and a “ flame.”] With- 
out flame. 
A-pho'm-a.* [From a, priv., and (pcovrj, 
the “voice.”] Loss of voice: aph'ony. 
A genus of the order Dyscinesise, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. See 
Axauima.Vox Ahscissa. 
A-pho'rl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
tpepto, to “bear.”] Barrenness; sterility; 
inability to conceive offspring. 
Aph'o-ri&m. [From atpopifa, to 
“limit,” to “define.”] A maxim. The 
Aphorisms of Hippocrates, a celebrated 
work, containing various maxims or 
short, pithy sentences relating to medi- 
cine. 
VpIi-ro-diA'i-a. [From 'Atppohirn, Ve- 
nus ; ’Atppohimus, “pertaining to Venus,” 
“venereal.”] Morbid or immoderate de- 
sire of venery. The generative act. Also 
termed Aphropisiasmus. 
Aphrodisiac, af-ro-dizh'e-ak. [Aph- 
rodisi acus, Aphrodis'ius; from the 
same.] Applied to medicines or food 
supposed to excite sexual desire or to 
increase the generative power. 
Aphrodisiasuius. Same as Aphro- 
disia. 
Aph'tha,* plural Aph'thse. [From 
"orrco, to “set on fire.”] Ulcers of the 
mouth, beginning with numerous mi- 
nute vesicles and terminating in white 
sloughs. Aphthae constitute the charac- 
teristic symptoms of “thrush,” and also 
occur in other diseases. 
Apli'tlioid. [Aplithoi'dcs: from 
aph'tha, and ethos, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling aphthae. 
Aph'tlious. [Aplit ho'sus; from 
aph'tha.] Of the appearance or full of 
aphthae. 
A-phyl'lous. [ApliylTus; from a, 
priv., and tphXXov, a “leaf.”] Without 
leaves. 
Apiaeeous, a-pe-a'shus. [Apia'- 
ceus.] Having an arrangement as in 
Apium. 
Vp-i-oa'l is. :‘ [From a'pex, ap'icis.] 
Belonging to the apex: ap'ical. 
Ap-I-ea'tus.* Having a conspicuous 
apex: ap'icated. 
A-pic'u-Ius.* [The diminutive of 
a'pex.] A term used in Botany to denote 
the projection of the midrib beyond the 
end of the leaf; a small, sharp, short 
point. 
A pis Mel-lif'I-ca.* [A’pis, a “bee,” 
mel, “honey,” and facia, to “make.”] 
The honey-bee, affording honey and wax. 
A'pi-um.* A genus of the Linn a; an 
class Pentandria, natural order Umbelli- 
ferae, including the garden-plants celery 
and parsley. 
A'pium Grav'e-o-lens* (or gra- 
ve'o-lens). The common celery. (Fr. 
Ache, fish.) When wild, growing in wet 
places, it is acrid and poisonous; when 
cultivated in dry ground and partially 
blanched, it is used as salad. It is 
slightly aperient and carminative. 
A'pium l»e-tro-se-li'«»uin,* other- 
wise called Petroseli'num Sa-ti'- 
vusai. Common parsley, the root and 
seeds of which are diuretic and aperient, 
Ap-la-nat 'ic*. [Aplanat'icns; from 
53 APL 
APP 
f, priv., and nXdvaw, to “wander,” to 
“ err.”] Corrective of the aberrations 
of the rays of light. 
A-plas'tlc. [Aplas'ticus; from a, 
priv., and ir\doaio, to “form.”] That 
cannot be organized. 
Apleuria,* a-plu're-a. [From a, priv., 
and nXevpd, a “rib.”] An organic devia- 
tion characterized by the absence of ribs. 
Ap-nefl'rl-au* [From a, priv., and 
nvtvpwv, the “lung.”] An organic devia- 
tion characterized by the absence of lungs. 
Apnoea,* ap-ne'a, or Ap-neus'tl-a.® 
[From a, priv., and nvtw, to “breathe.”] 
Partial privation or entire suspension 
of the breath. 
A]h>. [Gr. d™.] A prefix signify- 
ing “from,” “olf,” “away.” Before a 
word beginning with h the o is dropped 
and the p blended with the following 
letter: thus, apo-helko (from and and 
c\ko>), to “draw away,” is contracted 
into aphelko (d-jiiXsoi). 
Ap-o-car'pous. [ Apocar'pus; 
from dm, “from,” and *apjr<%, “fruit.”] 
Having capsules distinct from each other. 
plural Ap-o-«c-no'- 
seS. [From and, “from,” and kssow, to 
“empty out.”] Increased discharge, flux, 
or evacuation. 
Apocynaccae,* a-pos-se-na'she-e. 
An order of dicotyledonous plants in 
some respects resembling Asclepiadaceic, 
but of rather more suspicious properties. 
See Apocynum. 
Apocynaccons, a-pos-se-na'shus. 
[Apocyna'ccus.] Applied to plants 
resembling the Apocynum, or dog’s bane. 
Ap-o-cyn'e-us.* Same as Apocy.ya- 
CEIIS. 
Apocynin, or Apocynine, a-pos'- 
se-nin. A bitter principle obtained from 
the Apocynum cannabinum, or Indian 
hemp, or dog’s bane. 
Apocynum,* a-pos'se-num. A plant 
called dog’s bane, the root of which is 
sometimes used as an emetic. 
Ap'o-deSt.* [Formed in the plural from 
a, priv., and nov;, rood;, a “foot.”] Lite- 
rally, “without feet.” A term applied 
to fishes without ventrals, or fins which 
correspond to legs and feet. 
Ap'o-dus.* [From the same.] With- 
out feet: ap'odous. Applied in the plu- 
ral neuter (Ap'oda) to an order of Ra- 
diata Echinodennata. 
Ap'o-£ce. [Apojgse'mn; from and, 
“from,” and yij, the “earth.”] That 
point of the orbit of the sun, or of a 
planet, most distant from the earth. 
Ap-o-neu-ro'His.* [Fromdnd, “from,” 
and vcvpo:>, a “nerve.”] (Fr. AponSvrose, 
Apo’n&'vnoz'.) Expansion of a tendon, 
or tendons, into a fibrous membrane. 
A-poph j-«*is, ! plural A-|>o]>li .y-*s<‘S. 
[From and, “ from,” and tfmtn, to “ produce,” 
to “grow.”] A process or protuberance 
of bone. Also applied to excrescences 
growing from the receptacle of certain 
mosses. 
A|H*-plce'tie. [Apoplec'ticus.] 
Pertaining to apoplexy. 
Ap-o-plc.vl-a I’lil-mo-iin'ris.® 
(“ Pulmonary Apoplexy.”) Extravasa- 
tion of blood in the lungs from the rup- 
ture of vessels. 
Ap'o-plex-y. [Apoplex ia: from 
otto, “from,” “away,” and nXyaatn, to 
“strike.” Hence anonXitaam signifies to 
“strike away,”—i.e. to “strike into un- 
consciousness or insensibility;” so to 
“faint away” means to faint so com- 
pletely as to become unconscious.] A 
disease produced by congestion or rup- 
ture of the vessels of the brain, and 
causing a sudden arrest of sense and 
motion, the person lying as if asleep, 
respiration and the heart’s action con- 
tinuing. 
Ap'oplexy, Cn-t»'ne-ous. A French 
term (apoplexie cutanee, Apo'plex’e' kii’- 
tii'nii') for sudden determination of blood 
to the skin and adjacent cellular mem- 
brane. 
Ap-os-te'ma, at/#.* [From dpiemyn, 
to “depart from.”] An abscess: an 
ap'osteme. See Abscess. 
A-potli'e-ca-ry. [Apotheca'rius; 
from drrodi'iKr/, a “repository” or “store.”] 
One who keeps a store of drugs; one 
who sells drugs and puts up prescrip- 
tions. In Great Britain an apothecary, 
besides selling and compounding drugs, 
is entitled to practise medicine, and is 
in fact a sort of sub-pliysician. 
Ap-o-(he'(i-iim.$ 
[From anodijicn.] A botanical term ap- 
plied to the receptacle enclosing the re- 
productive corpuscles in the lichens. 
A-potli'e-nia, at is* [From and, and 
6epa, a “deposit.”] A brown powder 
deposited when vegetable extract is sub- 
mitted to prolonged evaporation. 
Ap-pa-ru'tiLS. [From ap'parn, ap- 
para'tum, to “prepare,” to “arrange.”] 
Instruments or mechanical arrange- 
ments for experimentiug, operating, etc. 
Sometimes applied to organs in animals 
and plants. 
Ap-pen In 
Anatomy, a term applied to prolonga- 
tions of the peritonteum, filled with a 
54 APP 
AQU 
soft, fatty substance, attached along the 
large intestines only. 
Ap-pen-dic'u-la.* [The diminutive 
of appen'dix.] A little appendage, or 
appendicle. 
Appendicula Vermifornsis. See 
Appendix Vermiformis. 
Ap-pen-dic'u-late. [Appeaulieu- 
la'tus; from appendic'ula.] Having 
appendicles. 
Ap-pen'dix, lci#,s plural Ap-pen'- 
di-ceS. [From ad, “to,” and pen'do, to 
“hang” or “join.”] A part of or addi- 
tion to a thing: an appendage. 
Appeu'dix Vcr-nil-for'mis,* or 
Appen'dix «jae'ci Ver-mi-for'inis,* 
(The “worm-shaped appendage of the 
caecum.”) A small process of the caecum, 
which hangs into the pelvis. It is 
often called the Appendic'ula vermi- 
fod mix. 
Appert’s (ap'paiRz') Process. A 
method introduced by M. Appcrt (apv- 
paia') for preserving articles of food un- 
changed for several years. The articles 
are enclosed in bottles, which are filled 
to the top with any liquid, and hermeti- 
cally closed. They are then placed in 
kettles filled with cold water, and sub- 
jected to heat till the water boils; the 
boiling temperature is kept up for a con- 
siderable time, after which the bottles are 
suffered to cool gradually. Instead of 
bottles, tin canisters are sometimes used, 
and rendered tight by soldering. 
Ap'pe-tence or Ap'pe-ten-c#. 
[From ap'peto, appeti'tum, to “desire.”] 
The disposition of organized beings 
to acquire and appropriate substances 
adapted to their support. Also an ardent 
desire or longing for any object. 
Ap'pe-tite. [Appeti'tus; from the 
same.] The natural desire for food. 
Also, any natural inclination by which 
we are incited to act; inordinate desire; 
lust. 
Appetite, Canine. See Bulimia. 
Appetite, Depraved. See Pica. 
Appetite, Insatiable. See Bu- 
limia. 
Appetite, Foss of. See Anepi- 
thymia. 
Appetite, Voracious. See Bu- 
limia, Adephagia. 
Ap'ples, A^'id of. See Malic Acid. 
Ap-po-sl'tion. [Apposi'tio; from 
ad, “to,” or “on,” and po'no, poa’itum, 
to “ put,” or “place.”] Literally/1 placing 
or depositing on” or “ in addition to.” 
Applied in Surgery to the supplying of 
deficient parts by placing portions of the 
adjacent integuments, etc. in contact. 
Sometimes used synonymously with 
Prosthesis (which see). Also applied 
to the deposition of matter which takes 
place in the growth of the non-vascular 
tissues, such as horn, the nails, etc. 
Ap-pres'sus.* [From ap'primo, ap- 
pres'sum, to “press close.”] A term in 
Botany, signifying “pressed close to.” 
Ap'ter-us.* [From a, priv., and tttc- 
pov, a “wing.”] Applied in the plural 
neuter (Ap’tera) to a family of insects 
which have no wings : ap'tcrous. 
A-py-ret'ic. [Apyret'icns; from a, 
priv., and nuperof, “ fever.”] Having no 
fever or febrile excitement. 
Ap-y-rex'I-sj..* [From a, priv., and 
TTvps£is, a “fever” or “paroxysm.”] Ab- 
sence of fever, or intermission of its 
paroxysms: ap'yrexy. 
Ap'y-rous. [From a, priv., and vup, 
“fire.”J A term applied to bodies which 
sustain the action of a strong heat for a 
long time without change of figure or 
other properties. It is synonymous with 
refractory. 
Aq.t= A1 qua,* “Water,” or A’quic, 
“Of water.” 
Aq. Bull. = A'qua bul'liens.* “ Boil- 
ing water.” 
Aq. Destil. = A 'quae dextiila’tir.* 
“Distilled water.” 
Aq. Ferv. = A'qua fer'vens.* “Hot 
water.” 
Aq. Font. = A'quae fon'tia or fonta'- 
ruc.* “ Fountain or spring water.” 
Aq.Marin.=A!quamari'na.* “Sea- 
water.” 
Aq. Pur. = A'quae pu’rae.* “Pure 
water.” 
Aqua,* a'kwa, plural Aquae, a'kwc. 
[As if ad qua, from its equal surface.] 
Water: the Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. • 
and Ed. Ph.) for spring-water. Accord- 
ing to the U.S. Pharmacopoeia, “natural 
water in the purest attainable state.” 
The principal varieties of water (not 
medicated) are the following:— 
A'qita Destilla'ta.* [From destil'lo, 
deatilla'turn, to “ distil.”] Distilled water, 
having a vapid taste from the absence 
of air, and slightly empyreumatic, in 
consequence, probably, of the presence 
of a small quantity of extractive matter 
which has undergone partial decomposi- 
tion. 
A'qua ex Flu'mine.® [From flu'men, 
flu’minis, a “river.”] Literally, “water 
from the river.” River-water, generally 
of considerable purity, but liable to hold 
in suspension particles of earthy matter, 
55 AQU 
wnich impair its transparency and some- 
times its salubrity. 
A'qua ex La'cu.* [From la'cus, a 
“lake.”] Lake-water. A collection of 
rain, spring, and river waters, sometimes 
contaminated with various animal and 
vegetable bodies, which, from its stag- 
nant nature, have undergone putrefac- 
tion in it. 
A'qua ex Ni've.* [From nix, ni'vis, 
“snow.”] Snow-water, differing appa- 
rently from rain-water only in being 
destitute of air, to which water is in- 
debted for its briskness and many of its 
good effects upon animals and vegeta- 
bles. 
A'qua ex Palu'be.* [From pa'lus, 
palu'dis, a “marsh” or “swamp.”] 
Marsh-water; the most impure, as being 
the most stagnant, of all water, and 
generally loaded with decomposing 
vegetable matter. 
A'qua ex Pu'teo.* [From pu’teus, 
a “well.”] Well-water; essentially the 
same as spring-water, being derived 
from the same source, but more liable to 
impurity from its stagnation or slow in- 
filtration. 
A'qua Fonta'na.* [From fom,fon'tis, 
a “fountain.”] Spring-water; contain- 
ing, in addition to carbonic acid and car- 
bonate of lime, a small portion of mu- 
riate of soda, and frequently other salts. 
Spring-water which dissolves soap is 
termed soft; that which decomposes and 
curdles it is called hard. 
A'qua Mari'na.* [From ma're, the 
“sea.”] Sea-water; containing sulphate 
of soda, the muriates of soda, mag- 
nesia, and lime, a minute proportion of 
potash, and various animal and vegetable 
bodies. 
A'qua Pluvia'lis.* [From a'qua, 
“water,” and pin'via, “rain.”] Rain- 
water; the purest form of natural water, 
yet holding in solution carbonic acid, a 
minute portion of carbonate of lime, and 
traces of muriate of lime. 
Aqua Ammoniac. See Liquor Am- 
monia:. 
Aqua Amygilal* Amarae. See 
Bitter Almonds; Water of. 
A'qua BI-nel'li.* An Italian quack 
medicine, supposed to be a solution of 
creasote, and celebrated at Naples for 
arresting haemorrhage. 
Aqua Falcis. See Ltquor Calcis. 
Aqua FanipSiorae. See Camphor. 
A'qua Cha-lyb-P-a'ta.* An artifi- 
cial mineral water, consisting of a solu- 
tion of citrate of iron highly charged 
with carbonic acid gas and flavored by 
a little aromatized syrup. 
A'qua For'4is.'®' (“ Strong Water.”) 
A name formerly applied to nitric acid, 
on account of its powerfully corrosive 
properties. It is distinguished by the 
terms double and eimjle, the latter being 
only half the strength of the former. 
Concentrated nitric acid, however, is 
much stronger even than double nitric 
acid. 
A'qna (“Royal Water.”) 
A mixture of nitric and muriatic acids. 
A'qua Vi'tse.* (“Water of Life.”) 
Ardent spirits of the first distillation. 
Aquae,* a'kwe, gen. A-qua'rum, the 
plural of A'qua. “ Water.” 
A'quae Min-o-ra'leS.® [From mine- 
ra'lie, a modern Latin term for our word 
“mineral.”] “Mineral waters;” a term 
conventionally applied to such waters 
as are distinguished from spring, lake, 
river, or other waters by peculiarities 
of color, taste, smell, or real or supposed 
medicinal effects. Mineral waters are 
of four principal kinds:— 
Acid'ulous. Owing their properties 
chiefly to carbonic acid: they are tonic 
and diuretic, and in large doses produce 
a transient exhilaration. 
Chalyb'eate. Containing iron in the 
form of sulphate, carbonate, or muriate: 
they have a styptic, inky taste. 
Sa-linf.'. Mostly purgative, and ad- 
vantageously employed in those hypo- 
chondriacal and visceral diseases which 
require continued and moderate relaxa- 
tion of the bowels. 
Sulphu'rf.ous. Deriving their cha- 
racter from sulphuretted hydrogen. 
Aquae Stillatitiae,* a'kwe stil-la- 
tish'e-e, also called A'quae IAcstilta'- 
tae.* Distilled waters; waters impreg- 
nated with the essential oil of vegetables, 
principally designed as grateful vehicles 
for the exhibition of more active reme- 
dies. 
Aq'ue-duct. [Aquaeduc'tus; from 
a'qua, “ water,” and duc'tus, a “ canal” 
or “passage.”] Literally, a “passage 
for water,” though applied in Anatomy 
to several canals in the body not always 
containing fluid. 
Aq'uoduct of the Coeh'le-a. [Aq- 
uaMiuc'tus C’oeli'lcse.] A foramen of 
the temporal bone, for the transmission 
of a small vein from the cochlea. 
Aq'ueduct of Fal-lo'pl-us. [Aq- 
uirduc'tus Fallo'pii.] The canal by 
which the portio dura winds through the 
petrous portion of the temporal bone. 
AQU 
56 Aq'nwlnrl of Sy T vi-us. [Aquav 
tluc'tus Syl'vil.] The canal which 
extends backwards under the tubercula 
quadrigemina into the fourth ventricle 
of the brain. 
Aq'ueduct of the Ves-tib'u-lum 
or of the Ves'ti-bule [Aqusedue'tus 
Vestib'uli], also called the Aq'iieiluct 
of t'o-tmi iii-sis [Aqiueiluc'tus t’o- 
tun'nii]. The commencement of a 
small canal which opens upon the pos- 
terior surface of the petrous portion of 
the temporal bone of the cranium and 
transmits a small vein. 
Aqueous, a'kwe-us. A term now 
coming into use for designating definite 
combinations with water. The term 
hydrate has long been employed for the 
same purpose. A prefix is used when 
there is more than one atom, as in bin- 
aqueous, ter-hydrate. 
Aq ueous Hu'mor. A colorless 
fluid in the anterior and posterior cham- 
bers of the eye. 
Aquila,* ak'wi-la. Literally, an 
“eagle.” A term which had formerly 
many epithets joined with it to denote 
particular substances: thus, aquila alba, 
seu mitigata, was one of the fanciful 
names of calomel. 
Aquula,* ak'wul-a. [The diminutive 
of a'qua, “ water.”] Literally, a “ small 
particle of water.” Applied to any 
small aqueous tumor, and sometimes to 
a fatty tumor under the skin of the 
eyelid. 
Aq'uula A-cous'tl-ca,.* The fluid 
in the cavity of the vestibule of the in- 
ternal ear. 
Ar'a-bic, Gum. See Gummi Acacia. 
[This word is very often pronounced 
a-rd'bic, a fault to be most carefully 
avoided by all those who desire to speak 
correctly.] 
Aracese,* a-ra'she-e, or Aroidoav* 
ar-o-i'de-e. The Arum tribe of monoco- 
tyledonous plants, containing an acrid 
and in some cases a highly dangerous 
principle. 
A-rach'nl-da,* A-ra-eli'nl-deA.* 
[From dpa\vr}, a “spider.”] The third 
class of the Diplo-gangliata or Ento- 
moida, comprising articulated animals, 
generally with four pairs of legs, with- 
out wings or metamorphosis. 
A-ra«li-ni'tis, idig.* [From dpd\vri, 
a “spider,” also a “spider’s web.”] A 
faulty term, denoting inflammation of 
the arachnoid membrane. 
A-rach'noid. [Arachnoi'des; 
from dpuxrri, a “spider’s web,” and cldo;, 
AQU 
“form” or “resemblance.”] Resembling 
a spider’s web. Applied to the second 
or middle membrane of the brain. 
Arachnoid Canal. See Bichat, 
Canal of. 
Arach'noid llem'brane. Men hot, 
media. The line cobweb-like membrane 
situated between the dura and pia mater. 
It is the serous membrane of the cerebro- 
spinal centres. 
A-rach'no-I-di'tis,® or A-rach-ni'- 
tis.* Inflammation of the arachnoid 
membrane. 
Araclc. See Arrack. 
Ar-se-om'e-ter, or Ar-e-om'e-ter. 
[From apaioq, “thin,” “light,” and pirpor, 
a “measure.”] An instrument for de- 
termining the specific gravity of liquids 
into which it is plunged, by the depth 
to which its weight causes it to sink in 
them. This instrument is also termed a 
hydrom'eter. The art or process of 
measuring the density or gravity of 
liquids is termed arxom'etry. 
A-ra'II-a Can-a-dcn'sis.* Another 
name for the Panax Quinquefolium, or 
Ginseng. 
Ara'lia His'pi-da.* or Dwarf Elder. 
A plant sometimes used in dropsy in the 
form of decoction. 
Ara'lia Bfu-dl-cau'lis,* or Wild Sar- 
saparilla, is a stimulant tonic and dia- 
phoretic. It is sometimes used as a sub- 
stitute for the true sarsaparilla. It is 
known also by the names of American 
Spikenard (Na/dus America’nm) and 
Small Spikenard, etc. 
Ara'lia or American 
Spikenard, is analogous in its medical 
properties to the preceding. 
Araliaceae,* a-ra-le-a'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of plants of the Arabia tribe. 
A-ra-H-a'ccous. [Aralia'ceus.] 
Having an arrangement as in the Arabia. 
[From ara'nea, a 
“ spider.”] A family of the Arachnides 
Pulmonariee. 
A-ra'ne-ous. [Araneo'sus; from 
ara'neum, a “ spider’s web.”] Of the 
nature of spider’s web. 
Arantii (a-ran'she-i), Cor'pft-ra.* 
Small tubercles, one in each semilunar 
valve of the aorta and pulmonary arte- 
ries ; called also Corpora scsamoidea and 
Moduli Arantii. 
Ar'foor, or/*.* A “tree” A plant 
having a single trunk, rising high, dura- 
ble. woody, and divided into branches 
which do not perish in winter. In 
Chemistry it is applied to any crystalli- 
zation which ramifies like a tree. 
ARB 
57 ARB 
ARC 
Ai 'bor I>i-a'nse.'* A “ silver tree.” 
[From JJia'na, the “moon,” and hence, 
like lima, denoting “ silver.”] A beau- 
tiful arborescent precipitate of silver 
produced by throwing mercury into a 
dilute solution of lunar caustic (nitrate 
of silver). 
Ar'bor Ma'ris.* [From ma're, gen. 
ma'ris, the “ sea.”] The “ tree of the 
sea.” A name given to coral. 
Ar'bor Min-e-ra'lts l*liil-o-sopli'- 
I-ca,* Ar'bor Fhl-Ios’o-pho'runi.* 
The Arbor Diana. 
Ar'bor Vi'tae.* [From vi'ta, “life.”] 
Literally, the “tree of life.” Applied to 
the mass of white substance in 
either hemisphere of the cerebellum. 
This mass, when cut parallel to the 
median line, presents an arborescent or 
tree-like appearance, caused by the in- 
termixture of the white substance with 
the cineritious. Also applied to the tree 
called Thuya Occidenta'lis. 
Ar-bo'rc-ous. [Arbo'reus; from 
ar'bor, a “ tree.”] Belonging to a tree; 
dendroid. 
[Arbores'cens; 
from arbores'eo, to “ grow like a tree.”] 
Growing like a tree; resembling a 
tree. 
Ar-bus'cu-la.* [The diminutive of 
a/bor, a “tree.”] Applied to the bron- 
chia; of certain Anellata: an ar'buscule 
or ar'busele. 
Ar'bu-tus IJ'va XTr'si.* The trailing 
arbutus, or bear’s whortleberry; now 
called Arctostaphylos uva ursi. 
Arc. [Ar'cus; see Arch.] Any part 
of the circumference of a circle. 
Ar'ca Ar-CR-no'ruin.* Literally, a 
“chest of secrets.” The alchemical name 
of the philosopher’s stone. 
Ar-ca na.* gen. Ar-ca-no'riiiii, the 
plural of Arcanum, which see. 
Ar-ca'iiiim.® [From ar'ca, a “chest” 
or “ coffer” in which precious things 
were carefully kept.] A secret. A nos- 
trum or medicine the composition of 
which is concealed. 
Arch. [Ar'cus.] Literally, a “bow.” 
A bending in the form of a bow. Any 
arc, or part of the circumference of a 
circle. 
Arch, Fem'o-ral. [Ar'cus Fem- 
ora'lis.] The name of a considerable 
arch formed over the concave border of 
the pelvis. It is bounded above by 
Poupart’s ligament, below by the border 
of the pubes and ilium. Also termed the 
crural arch. 
Arch of the A-or'hy.. The curved 
parts between the ascending and de- 
scending portions. 
Arcliciiccjilialiis.* ark-en-sefa-lus. 
[From dpxbs, “chief,” and cyidibaXoi/, the 
“brain.”] Applied by Galen to man, 
because of the intellectual development 
of his brain : arehenceph'alous. 
Ar-ehe-ol'o-jfy. [Archseolo'gia; 
from apxaios, “ ancient,” and Xdyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] A discourse or treatise 
on ancient things or antiquities. The 
science or knowledge of antiquities. 
AFehe-type. [Archet'ypus; from 
apX>b “beginning,” “origin,” and rviros, 
a “type.”] The original type on which 
others are formed. 
Ar'chil (ch as in child). A violet-red 
paste, prepared from the Lichen Roc- 
cella, or Orseille, and other species of 
lichen, and used in dyeing. 
The plant (Lichen Roccella), reduced 
to a pulp and treated with impure am- 
moniacal liquor, yields a rich purple 
tincture, called litmus, or turnsole, used 
in Chemistry as a test. 
Ar-chop-to'ma,* or Ar-el»op-to'- 
Sis.* [From apxdf, the “ anus,” and nrdi/ia, 
or nrwtns, a “falling.”] Prolapsus ani. 
A descent of the rectum. See Prolap- 
sus. 
Ar-eh»-s’yr'inx.;: [From apx<if, the 
“anus,” and ovpiy)-, a “pipe,” “fistula.”] 
Another term for fistula in ano. 
Ar'$I-form. [ A rcifor'mis; from 
ar'cus, a “bow” or “arch.”] Formed 
like an arch. 
Ar'ciform Fi'brcs. A term applied 
by Mr. Solly to a set of fibres which 
proceed from the corpus pyramidale 
and pass outwards beneath the corpus 
olivare to the cerebellum. He distin- 
guishes them into two layers, the super- 
ficial cerebellar and deep cerebellar fibres. 
Arctatio,* ark-ta'she-o. [From arc'to, 
arcta'tum, to “bind closely,” to “make 
narrow.”] Constipation of the intes- 
tines ; also, a preternatural contraction 
of the vagina. 
Arc'tic. [Arc'ticus; Gr. «p*rot<%, 
“belonging to the north,” from 'Aprroi, 
the constellation called “ The Bear,” 
situated near the North Pole.] North; 
northern. 
Arc'tic Fir'cle. A circle extending 
23£ degrees from the North Pole, mark- 
ing that portion of the northern hemi- 
sphere within which the sun at the sum- 
mer solstice does not set. 
Arc'ti-um I.ap'pa.* The herb called 
burdock, belonging to the Linnasan class 
Synyenesia and to tho natural order 
58 ARC 
ARG 
Compos!tx. The seeds are cathartic, 
the root diuretic and diaphoretic. A 
decoction of the leaves is sometimes used 
in cutaneous diseases. 
Arc-to-stapli'y-los.* [From api-ros, a 
“bear,” and a “grape.”] A 
Linnaean genus of the class Decandria, 
natural order Ericacex or Ericinex. 
The term signifies the same as wva ursi, 
i.e. “bear-grape.” 
Arctostaph'ylos U'va Ur'sL* An- 
other name for the Arbutus uva ursi. 
See Uva Ursi. 
Ar-cn-aTis.® [From ar'cuo, to “bend 
like a bow.”] Applied to the coronal 
suture, or Sutu'ra arcua'lis, and to the 
temporal bones, or Os'sa arcua'lia. 
Arcuatio,® ar-ku-a'she-o. [From ad - 
cuo, arcua'tum, to “bend like a bow.”] 
A gibbosity, or curvature, of the dorsal 
vertebrae, the sternum, or the tibia. 
Ar'cus.* A bow, arc, or arch. The 
periphery of any part of a circle. 
Ar'cus Se-ni'lis.® A peculiar arched, 
or circular, opaque appearance on the 
eyes of old men, round the margin of 
the cornea. 
Ar-de'I-dte.® [From ar'dea, a 
“heron.”] A family having the Ardea 
for their type. 
Ar'dent Spirits. [From ad dens, 
“burning,” a participle of addeo, to “be 
hot,” to “burn.”] A term applied to dis- 
tilled alcoholic liquors. 
Ar'dor, o'ris.* [From ar'deo, to 
“ burn.”] Intense or morbidly increased 
sensation of heat. 
Ar'dor Fe-fori'lis.® Feverish or 
febrile heat. 
Ar'dor U-ri'nse.* A sensation in 
the inflamed urethra as if the passing 
urine were scalding hot. 
Ar'dor Ven-tric'u-li.® Heartburn ; 
also called Ar'dor stom'achi. 
A're-a.® An open space. The in- 
ternal capacity of any given boundary 
or limit. 
A'rea Dif'fluens [from dif'fluo, to 
“spread”] and A'rf.a Ser'pens [from 
sedpo, to “creep”] are terms applied by 
Celsus to different form3 of baldness. 
The latter is the same as Ophiasis, 
which see. 
A'rea C>rcr-ini-na-ti'va.® An opaque 
spot on the blastodermic vesicle in an 
egg, opposite to the insertion of the 
Mesometrium. 
A'rea O-pa'ca.® A dull circle sur- 
'ounding the Area pellucida, formed by 
the Area germination becoming clear in 
the centre. See preceding article. 
A-re'ca.® The betel-nut, the fruit of 
the Are'ca Catechu, belonging to the 
natural order Pa lime. It is tonic and 
astringent, and forms one of the princi- 
pal ingredients of the Betel, so exten- 
sively used in the East as a masticatory. 
See Betel. 
Ar-e-liie'tion. [Arelac'tio, o'nis ; 
from a'reo, “to be dry,” and fxx'cio, to 
“make.”] A mode of drying medicinal 
substances, by which they may be re- 
duced to dust or powder. 
Ar-e-na'ceous. [Arena'ceus; from 
are'Ha, “sand.”] Of the nature of sand; 
sandy. 
Ar-e-na'rl-ous. [Arena'rius; from 
are'na, “sand.”] Growing in sandy 
soil. 
Ar-e-nic'o-la,* and Ar-e-nic'o- 
lus.* [From are'na, “ sand,” and co'lo, 
to “inhabit.”] Inhabiting sandy places. 
Ar'e-nose. [Arcno'sus; from are'na, 
“sand.”] Full of sand; sandy. 
A-re'o-la.® [The diminutive of a'rea.'] 
The halo, or small reddish or brownish 
circular space, round the nipple of 
females. Also applied to the circle sur- 
rounding certain pustules, such as the 
vaccine pustule. 
Are'ola Pap-il-la'ris.* [From 
papil'la, a “nipple.”] The areola round 
the nipple. See Areola. 
A-re'o-lae* (the plural of are'ola) is 
used by anatomists to denote the in- 
terstices between the fibres of an organ, 
or between vessels interlacing with each 
other. 
A-re'o-lar. [Areola'ris; from are'- 
ola, a “small, open space.”] Containing 
a realm, or small spaces. Areolar tissue 
is the cellular tissue of some writers, 
named from the interstices which it con- 
tains. 
A-re'o-lat-ed. [Areola'tus.] Hav- 
ing areolx. 
Areometer and A room e try. See 
Ar.eometek. 
Ar'g-and Lamp. A name applied 
to lamps with hollow or circular wicks, 
first invented by Argand about 1782. 
The intention of them is to furnish a 
more rapid supply of air to the flame, 
and to afford this air to the centre as 
well as to the outside of the flame. 
Ar'&e-ma* or Ar'jfco-mon.® [From 
dpydg, “ white.”] A small white ulcer of 
tho eye, described by Hippocrates. 
Ar-£e-mo'ne.® [From dpycpov, a 
“disease of the eye,”—named from the 
supposed virtues of one species in curing 
diseases of the eye.] A genus of plants 
59 belonging to the poppy tribe, or Papa- 
veracese. The Argemo'ne Mexica'na, or 
Thorn Poppy, contains a juice which, 
when dried, resembles gamboge, and has 
been used as a hydragogue cathartic. 
The seeds are sometimes employed as a 
substitute for ipecacuanha. 
Ar'gen-tate of Am-mo'nf-a. The 
substance otherwise called Fulminating 
Silver, which see. 
Ar-g,eii'ti Nl'tras.* “Nitrate of 
Silver,” or lunar caustic; one of the most 
important and one of the most ex- 
tensively used of all caustic substances. 
A r-gen-tif'er-ous. [Argentif'• 
crus; from aryen'tum, “silver,” and 
fe'vo, to “bear.”] Bearing, or con- 
taining silver. Applied to minerals or ores. 
Ar'jgeii-tine. j Ardent inns: from 
aryen'tum, “silver.”] Having the ap- 
pearance, brightness, or clear sound of 
silver. 
Argentine Flow'ers of An'ti- 
mo-ny. The sesquioxide of antimony, 
frequently occurring in the form of 
small, shining needles of silvery white- 
ness. See Antimony. 
Ar-gcn 'turn.® [From apyd;, “white.”] 
Silver; the whitest of metals. It occurs 
native,—that is, in the metallic state,— 
and is also obtained from the ores of 
lead. It is employed in Pharmacy 
chiefly or solely in the preparation of 
the nitrate. 
Argcn'tum Fo-H-a'tiim.® [From 
f<> Ham, a “leaf.”] Silver-leaf; used for 
covering pills and other substances. 
Argen'tum Fu-jff-ti'vum,® Ar- 
gentum Mob'I-le.® The Argentum 
vivuni, or quicksilver. 
Argentum Musivuni. See Mosaic 
Silver. 
Argen'tnm Vi'vum.® The metal 
Hydrar'gyrum, or mercury; quicksilver. 
Ar-gil'la.® [From apy<'>s, “white.”] 
Alumina, or pure clay: ar'gil. 
Ar-&iI-la'ceous. [Argilla’cens: 
from argil'la, “clay.”] Of the nature 
of clay. 
Ar-gil-lif'er-ous. [Argilllf'enw; 
from argil'la, “clay,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Containing clay as an acci- 
dental ingredient. 
Ar'gil-loitl. [Arg’iUoi'rtps; from 
argil'la, “clay,” and eiSo;, a “form.”] 
Resembling argil. 
Ar'gdil, or Ar'gal. [Fr. Tartre brut, 
taRtR brii; “raw” or “coarse tartar.”] 
Wine-stone, or crude tartar; an acidu- 
lous concrete salt, deposited by wine, and 
used by dyers as a mordant. 
ARG 
[From tipyvpos, “silver.”] 
Disease caused by the use, or abuse, of 
salts of silver. 
Arliythmous, a-rith'mus. [A- 
rhytli'imis; from a, priv., and pvOpog, 
“number.”] Without rhythm or regu- 
larity of the pulse. 
An alkaloid found in 
cinchona bark, and very analogous in 
its properties to cinchonia and quinia. 
These three alkaloids may be viewed as 
oxides of the same compound radicle. 
Ar'il,® or A-ril'lus.® [From a'reo, to 
“be dried up.”] A botanical term, sig- 
nifying a peculiar exterior coat of some 
seeds; thus the mace is the aril of the 
nutmeg. 
Ar'II-lat« or Ar'il-lat-e<l. [Aril- 
la'tus.| Having arils; formed like an 
aril. 
Arillus. See Ami,. 
A-rls'ta.® [From a'reo, to “ be dry.”] 
A term in Botany, denoting the beard 
of the husk of grasses; the awn. 
A-ris'tate. [Arista'tus; from 
arix'ta.] Having an awn or long rigid 
spine; awned; bearded. 
A-ris-to-lo'«I»I-a,® or A-ris'to-lo- 
ehi'a.* [From upurro,, the “best,” and 
\o\eia, or Xiiy.ra, “childbirth;” also, “Lo- 
chia” (which see); because it promotes 
recovery after childbirth.] Birthwort. 
A Linnsean genus of the class Gynandria, 
natural order Ariutoloehiaceie. 
Ariwtoloclim Ker-pen-ta'rl-a.* 
The Serpeirta'ria Virginia'na, or Virgi- 
nia Snake-Root: so named because sup- 
posed to be an antidote to the poison of 
serpents. It is a stimulant and tonic, 
and is given in cases of debility, and 
especially in intermittents. 
A-ris-to-lo'elii-ie,® the plural of 
Aristolochia. The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Aris- 
T0L0CHIACEA3. 
Aristolocliiaccse,® a-ris-to-lo-ke- 
a'she-e, or A-ris-to-lo'«liI-se.® A 
natural order of plants resembling the 
Aristolochia. They are tonic and stimu- 
lant. 
Arm. [Bra'cliium.] The upper ex- 
tremity from the shoulder to the wrist, 
divided by the elbow-joint into the arm 
proper and the fore-arm. 
Ar-ma'rl-tun.® [From ar'met, “arms” 
or “implements.”] A store of medicines, 
instruments, &c. 
Ar-mcni-nn Bole. [Bo'lns Ar- 
me'niae.] A pale, rod-colored earth, 
used as a remedy against apli Jise; also 
in tooth-powders, etc. 
ARM 
60 ARM 
ARS 
Ar-niil'la,-*plural Ar-mil'lse. [From 
armil’la, a “bracelet.”] The name of 
the membranous ligaments confining the 
tendons of the carpus. 
Ar'mll-la-ry. [Arinilbi'ris; from 
the same.] Applied in Astronomy to 
an artificial sphere formed of circles, 
representing orbs of celestial bodies. 
Also a term applied to plants having 
leaves like bracelets. 
Armora'clK (ar-mo-ra'she-e) R»'- 
dix.* Horseradish-root. See Coch- 
lkaria Armoracia. 
Ar mas.*' [From dppos, a “joint.”] 
The shoulder or arm. 
V.-siiit di-a. A disease formerly 
known in England, and attended with 
alopecia, or baldness. 
Ar'nI-ca.'* [From 5pj, dpvoq, a “lamb;” 
from the softness of its leaf.] A Lin- 
ntean genus of the class Syngenesia, 
natural order Composites. Also, the Phar- 
macopoeial name for Arnica Montana. 
Ar'nica Mon-ta'na.* Leopard’s 
bane. This plant is celebrated as a 
remedy for bruises, and hence has been 
called panace'a lapso'rum (the “pana- 
cea of the fallen,”—i.e. of those who have 
had a fall occasioning a severe injury). 
Ar'ni-$in. [Arnici'na.] A bitter 
resin, the active principle of Arnica 
Montana. 
A-roi'de-ous. [Aroi'deus; from 
A'rum,“Wake-robin,’’and cldo;,a “form.”] 
Resembling the Arum, or Wake-robin. 
The Latin term in the plural feminine 
(Aroi'dese) forms the name of a natural 
order of plants. See Araceas. 
A-ro'ma,* gen. A-ro'ma-tis, plural 
A-ro'ma-ta. [Perhaps from dpi, in- 
tensive, and d&pn, “odor.”] The fragrant 
principle of plants and substances de- 
rived from them. 
Ar-o-mat'ic. [Aromat'lcus; from 
aro'ma.] Odoriferous; having an agree- 
able smell, as spices and such sub- 
stances. 
Ar-o-mat'I-cus Cor'tex.* (“Aro- 
matic bark.”) The bark of Canella alba, 
or wild cinnamon. 
Arquebusade, Eau«r(Fr.),o-daRk'- 
bii'z3,d\ [From ar'quebus, a “hand- 
gun.”] A'qua Vulnera'ria. A lotion 
composed of vinegar, sulphuric acid, 
honey, alcohol, and various aromatics; 
originally applied to wounds inflicted 
by the arquebus. 
Ar rack, or Ar-rak', written also 
Arack. An intoxicating beverage 
made in India by distilling fermented 
juice of various kinds, but especially 
from toddy, the sweet sap of the palm-tree. 
Ar'ra-go-nite. A species of carbon- 
ate of lime, from Aragon, in Spain. 
Arrectores Pilorum. See PilorujI 
Arrectores. 
Ar-rest'ed. A term nsed in obstetrics 
when the head of the child is hindered, 
but not impacted, in the pelvic cavity,— 
a distinction of the greatest importance. 
Ar'row-Root. The fecula or starch 
from the root of the Mar ant a arundina- 
cea and M. Indica, named from its 
supposed efficacy in poisoned wounds 
(wounds from poisoned arrows). Ar- 
row-root is also obtained from the root 
of the Arum macnlatum and other plants. 
Arrow-Shaped. See Sagittate and 
Sagittalis. 
Ar-se'nI-ate. [Arse'nias, a'tis ; 
from arsen'icum af'idum.] A combina- 
tion of arsenious acid with any base. 
Ar'sen-ic. [Arsen'icum; from 
aporiv, “masculine,” “vigorous;” in allu- 
sion to its strong and acrimonious pro- 
perties.] A metal plentifully met with 
in nature, generally in union with sul- 
phur, or with other metals, or with oxy- 
gen, etc. Though arsenic in its metallic 
state is not dangerous, it is readily con- 
verted into a poisonous oxide, and all 
of its soluble compounds are more or 
less poisonous. Arsenic is also the com- 
mon name for arsenious acid, sometimes 
called white oxide of arsenic, arsen'icum 
at bum (“white arsenic”), ratsbane, and 
other names. This is the most common 
form in which arsenic is found in com- 
merce. The only known antidote for 
this poison is the hydrated sesquioxide 
(or peroxide) of iron, which has been 
found much more efficacious when freshly 
prepared. This substance produces (by 
a transfer of a portion of the oxygen 
from the iron to the acid) an insoluble 
and therefore inert subarseniate of the 
protoxide of iron. That this antidote 
may be perfectly successful, it should be 
preceded by the use of emetics, or the 
stomach-pump. See Poisons. 
Ar-son'1-cal. [Arsenica'lis.] Be- 
longing to arsenic or arsenious acid. 
Arsenical Past*. See Pate Arsen- 
ICALE. 
Arsenicalis Liquor. See Liquor 
Arsenica i.is. 
Ar-sen'I-ci Al'bnm Ox’yd-nm 
Ve-na'Ie.* (The “white oxide of ar- 
senic of commerce.”) The Pharmaco- 
poeia! name (Dub. Ph.) of arsenious acid, 
or sublimed oxide of arsenic. 
Ar-sen'I-cum Al'bnm.9 (“White 
61 ARS 
AllT 
arsenic ”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Ed. Ph.) of arsenious acid, or sesqui- 
oxide of arsenic. 
Ar-sc'nI'Ous A$'id. The Acidinn 
arseniosum (U. S. and British Ph.), Ar- 
senicum album (Ed. Ph.), or sesquioxide 
of arsenic, Arsenici album oxyduni venale 
(Dub. Ph.). See Arsenic. 
Ar'se-nite. [Ar'senis, 1 '</*.] A com- 
bination of arsenious acid with a base. 
Arseiiiuret, ar-sen'yu-ret. [Ar- 
seniiire'tnm.] A combination of ar- 
senic with a metallic or other base. 
Ar-sen’o-vin’ic A$'id. An acid pro- 
duced by the action of arsenic on alcohol. 
Ar-tau'tlie E-lon-ga'ta.* A name 
of the Matico plant. See Matico. 
Artemisia,* ar-te-inish'e-a. [Gr. 
’Apre/iuria, perhaps because sacred to Di- 
ana, in G reek "Aprcpif.] A Linnaean genus 
of the natural order Composite. 
Artemis'ia A-brot'a-mun,® or 
Southernwood, formerly used as a tonic 
and anthelmintic. 
Artemis in Ab-sin'thi-nin.* Com- 
mon wormwood, also called Absinthium 
commune and Absinthium vulgare. 
Artemis'ia Cbi-nen'sis.* The Chi- 
nese wormwood, or mugwort of China. 
Artemis'ia Rra-cimc'ii-lus.* Tar- 
ragon : a plant which is used to impart 
a peculiar stimulating flavor to vinegar. 
Artemis'ia In'di-ea.* Indian worm- 
wood, used similarly to Chinensis. 
Artemis'ia .lu-da'I-ea.* The same 
as Artemisia Saxtonica. 
Artemis'ia L.at-1-ib'li-a.* The same 
as Artemisia Chinensis. 
Artemis'ia San - to n 'I-ca.* Tar- 
tarian southernwood, wormwood, or 
worm-seed plant. 
Ar-tem'i-sin. [Artcmisi'na.] The 
bitter principle of Artemisia absinthium.. 
Artfcre, a if tain', the French term for 
Artery, which see. 
Arteria. See Artery. 
Ar-tc'rl-a As'per-a.® The “rough 
artery;” the trachea or windpipe: so 
called because of the inequalities or 
roughness of its surface. 
Arte'ria In-nom-i-na'ta.* The ''un- 
named artery;” the first branch given off 
from the aorta, dividing into the right 
carotid and right subclavian arteries. 
Arte'ria Mag'na.f (The “great ar- 
tery.”) The aorta. 
Ar-te'rl-ae, or Ar-te-ri'a-eal. [Ar- 
teri'aeus.] Pertaining to the Arteria 
aspera, or windpipe. Applied to medi- 
cines for disorders of the voice or diseases 
of the windpipe. 
Ar-te'ri-re,* gen. Ar-te-rl-a'rum, 
the plural of Arte'ria, an artery. 
Arteria; Venosse,* ar-te're-e ve- 
no'se, the plural of Arte'ria Veno'sa. 
Literally, “venous arteries,”—a name 
sometimes given to the four pulmonary 
veins, because they contain arterial blood. 
Ar-te'rl-al. [Arteria'Iis: from ar- 
te'ria, an “artery.”] Belonging to an 
artery. 
Arterial l>uct. See Ductus Arte- 
riosus. 
Ar-te-rI-og;'ra-i>hy. [Arterio- 
gra'phia; from arte'ria, an “artery,” 
and ypadxo, to “write.”] A description 
of the arteries. 
Ar-te-rl-ol 'o-gy. [Arteriolo'gia; 
from arte'ria, an “artery,’* and A<5yoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on the arteries; 
the science of the arteries. 
Ar-te-ri-o'sus.* [From arte'ria, an 
“artery.”] Having numerous arteries; of 
the nature of an artery. 
Arteriosus, Ductus. See Ductus 
Arteriosus. 
A r-te-rl-ot'o-my. [Arterioto'm ia; 
from dpTtifiia, an “artery,” and ripvo), to 
“cut.”] The cutting into, dividing, or 
opening an artery. 
Ar-te-ri'tis.* [From arte'ria, an “ ar- 
tery.”] Inflammation of an artery. 
Ar'ter-y. [Arte'ria, plural Arte'- 
rise; from arjp, “air or spirit,” and 
Triple), to “keep” or “preserve,” the arte- 
ries having been supposed by the an- 
cients to contain air.] One of the ves- 
sels by which the blood is conveyed from 
the heart towards the various organs and 
members of the body. 
Artesian, ar-te'zhan. [From Artois, 
Lat. Arte'sia, a province of France, in 
which they were first formed.] A term 
applied to certain wells or fountains 
produced by boring through various 
strata deep enough to reach a subter- 
ranean body of water, the sources of 
which are higher than the mouth of the 
well. 
[From apOpov, a “joint,” 
and aypa, a “ seizure.”] Same as Ar- 
thritis or gout. 
Ar-tliral'gi-a.® [From a/Apot, a 
“joint,” and aAyoj, “pain.”] Chronic 
pain of a joint; gout or rheumatism. 
Ar-tlirit'ic. [Arthrit'ieus.] Be- 
longing to Arthritis, or to gout. 
Ar-thri'tis, iclis* [From iipflpov, a 
“joint.”] Literally, “inflammation of a 
joint:” gout. See Podagra. 
Arthri tis Pla-net'I-ca,* Artliri'- 
tis Rtaeii-inat'i-ca,* Arthritis 
62 ARY 
Va'ga.* Other names for wandering or 
erratic gout. See Podagra. 
Ar-tliroc'a-ce.* [From apdpov, a 
“joint,” and icatcn, “disease.”] An ulcer- 
ated condition or caries of the cavity of 
a bone. Also used as synonymous with 
Spina ventosa. 
Ar-thro'di-a.* [From apdpov, a 
“joint.”] An articulation admitting of 
motion on all sides; a variety of Diar- 
throsis. 
Ar-1hro-djhi'I-a.* [From apdpov, a 
“joint,” and Mvri, “pain.”] Pain in a 
joint, or chronic rheumatism. 
Ar-throjf'ra-phy. [Artlirogra'- 
phia; from apdpov, a “joint,” and ypd- 
to “ write.”] A description of the 
joints. 
Ar-throi'o-jfy'. [Art lirologia: 
from apdpov, a “joint,” and Xdyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the joints; the 
science of joints. 
Vr-Jliroii ens.s [From apdpov, a 
“joint,” and dy*oj, a “mass,” a “swell- 
ing.”] A distinct cartilaginous body 
(one or more) which sometimes forms 
within the knee-joint. Sometimes ap- 
plied to the tumefaction of a joint. 
Ar-thro-pa-thi'a.* [From apdpov, a 
“joint,” and iradof, an “affection.”] An 
affection of the shoulder-joint, with vio- 
lent pain and swelling of the brachial 
portion. 
Ar-thro-phlo-go'sis.® [From iipdpov, 
a “joint,” and $Xoyo&), to “inflame.”] 
Inflammation of a joint. See Arthri- 
tis. 
Ar-thro-pu-o'sis.- [From apdpov, a 
“joint,” and irvov, “pus.”] Pus in a joint 
Ar-thro'sl-a.* [From apdpov, a 
“joint.”] Generic name for articular 
inflammation, according to Dr. Good. 
Ar-thro'sis.* [From dpdpooi, to “fasten 
by joints.”] Articulation, or connection 
by joints. 
Artichoke. SeeCYNARA Scolymus. 
Ar-tic-u-la'ris.* [From artie'ulus, 
a “joint.”] Relating to joints; articular. 
Applied to arteries, muscles, etc., con- 
nected with the joints. 
Articula'ris </e'uu.* This and the 
term suberur/eus have been applied to a 
few detached muscular fibres frequently 
found under the lower part of the cru- 
ralis and attached to the capsule of the 
knee-joint. 
Articula'ris Jfor'bus.* The same 
as Arthritis, or gout. 
Articulata. See Articulatus. 
Ar-tic-u-la'tiou. [Articula'tio, 
o'nis,• from artie'ulus, a “joint,” ar- 
ART 
tic'ulo, articula'turn, to “joint/’ to 
“make a joint.”] The fastening to- 
gether of the various bones of the 
skeleton in their natural situation; a 
joint. Also the distinct utterance of 
syllables or words. 
The articulations of the bones of the 
body are divided into synarthroses, im- 
movable articulations, and diarthroses, 
movable articulations. See Diarthrosis, 
Synarthrosis. 
Ar-tic-u-la'tus.* [From the same.] 
Articulated, jointed, or knotted. Applied 
in the plural neuter (Articula'ta) to the 
third great division of the animal king- 
dom, in which articulated rings encircle 
the body, and frequently the limbs. 
Ar-tic'u-Ii,® gen. Ar-tic-ii-Io'rum, 
plural of Artie'ulus. 
Ar-tic'u-lus.* [The diminutive of 
ar'tus, a “joint.”] A joint, or articulation: 
a member, or limb. Applied in Botany 
to that part of the stalk between two 
knots or joints; also, a knot or joint. 
Ar-ti-t'I't;ial A'nus. An opening 
made in the parietes of the abdomen, 
through which the feces are discharged 
during life; also an opening made in the 
natural situation in cases of imperforate 
anus. 
Artifl'cial Eye. A hollow hemi- 
sphere, usually made of enamel, so as to 
present the appearance of the natural eye. 
Artifl'cial Joint. A fracture united 
by the broken ends of the bone becom- 
ing rounded and smooth and connected 
by a fibrous, ligamentous substance; a 
false joint. 
Artiti'eial Pu'pil. The result of an 
operation for overcoming the effect of 
adhesions or permanent contraction of 
the iris. 
Ar-to-car'pns.* [From uproj, “bread,” 
and saprrdf, “fruit.”] A genus of plants 
growing in Southern India and Polyne- 
sia. The Artocar'pus inci'sa is the 
bread-fruit proper; the Artocar'pus in- 
teyrifo'lia has a very coarse fruit, called 
Jack-fruit, common in the South of 
India. See Bread-Fruit. 
Arundiiiaceus,*a-run-de-na'she-us. 
[From arun'do, a “ reed.”] Belonging to 
a reed; resembling a reed. Applied in 
the feminine plural (Arundinacese, a-run- 
de-na'she-e) to a tribe of plants having 
the Arundo for its type: arundina'ceous. 
[See the two 
following articles.] Belonging to the 
arytenoid cartilages. The arytsenoidseus 
muscle is a muscle extending from one 
of the arytenoid cartilages to tlio other. 
63 ARY 
ASC 
A-ryt'e-noid. [Arytwiioi'des; 
from apvrawa, a “pitcher,” and ei&s, a 
“form.”] Resembling the mouth of a 
pitcher. 
Arjrt'enoid Car'ti-la&-es. [< arti- 
la&'ines Arytsenoi'des.] Two carti- 
laginous bodies of the larynx, which, in 
their natural situation, resemble the 
mouth of a pitcher. 
As-a-yra-'a The 
name (Lond. Fh. 1851) of the plant from 
which Veratria is obtained. 
A-sapIi'a-tttm.* [From dca.bijs, “ob- 
scure,” “uncertain;” named in allusion 
to their deceptive appearance.] A term 
applied to the collections in the sebace- 
ous follicles of the skin, which, when 
pressed out, appear like little worms. 
A-sa'plii-a.* [Gr. aeapis; from a, 
priv., and aa</>%, “clear,” “plain.”] De- 
fective utterance; a want of clearness of 
articulation or of speech. 
A-sar-a-bae'ca.* The Asarum Eu- 
ropfeum. 
Asari Folia. See Asarum Euro- 
pium. 
A sarin. See Asari Folia. 
As'a-rum Fan-a-den'se.* Canada 
snake-root, or Wild Ginger. The root 
is sometimes used as a substitute for 
ginger. 
As'arnm Eu-ro-pse'um.* The plant 
Asarahacca. The leaves (As'ari fo'lia) 
abound in a bitter principle called As'arin, 
and are used as an errhine. 
As-bes'tos.* [From a, priv., and 
a tdvvvpi, to “extinguish.”] Literally, 
“inextinguishable,” “that which cannot 
be extinguished or destroyed.” A mine- 
ral substance of a fibrous structure from 
which an incombustible linen is made. 
The ancients are said to have made use 
of cloth of asbestos to wrap the bodies 
of their dead before placing them on the 
funeral pile. 
Ascarides. See Ascaris. 
As'ca-ris,* plural As-ear'I-deS. 
[Supposed to be derived from aoKapifa, 
to “ leap,” to “ kick.”] A genus of worms 
found in the human intestines. 
As'caris l,uiii l>rI-CO-i de*. [From 
lumbri'cus, an “ earth-worm.”] One of the 
most common of intestinal worms, re- 
sembling the earth-worm. 
As'caris Ver-mic-u-ia'ris.* The 
thread-worm, now called Oxyuuis. 
As-$end'ing' Ax'is. Applied to the 
stem of plants, or that part which grows 
in an opposite direction from the root 
(which is the descending axis). See Axis. 
As-ceu'sus.* [From ascen'do, as- 
cen'mim, to “climb,” to “ascend.”] Lite- 
rally, an “ ascending,” or “ ascent.” Ap- 
plied in Chemistry to the process of 
sublimation, formerly termed JJestillatio 
per ascensum. 
Aseen'sus Mor'hi.5 The “ascent 
or increase of a disease.” 
Ascia,* ash'e-a. [The Latin term for 
an “axe” or “hatchet.”] A bandage, so 
called from its shape, and described by 
Hippocrates. 
Ascian. See Ascii. 
[ Ascidia tus; from 
ascid'ium.] Shaped like a small bottle 
or pitcher. 
[From the same.] 
Formed like a small bottle or pitcher: 
ascid'iform. 
[From doiciitov (dimin- 
utive of aoKog), a “small leathern bag or 
bottle.”] A hollow leaf resembling a 
small bottle or pitcher, as in the Nepenthe 
(pitcher-plant). 
As-$ig'er-us.* [From <wk6;, a “bag,” 
and ge'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or con- 
taining utricles. 
Ascii,* ash'e-i, the plural of Ascitis, 
ash'e-us. [From a, priv., and mi«, a 
“shade” or “shadow.”] Literally, “with- 
out shadow.” A term applied to the 
people of the Torrid Zone, who have 
twice in the year the sun perpendicular 
above their heads, and are without 
shadow. 
[Gr. mkitw, from do*-<k, a 
“ sack of leather,” “ something swollen or 
puffed up.”] Hy'drops vtricnlu'i ins, or 
dropsy of the belly. A genus of the 
natural order Intnmescentise, class Ca- 
chexiie, of Cullen’s Nosology. See Hr- 
DROX.EI.IA. 
[Ascit’icus.] Having or 
pertaining to Aecitex. 
Asclcpiartncete,* as-kle'pe-a-da'- 
she-e. A natural order of plants re- 
sembling the Asclepias. The milky juice 
formed in plants of this order contains 
caoutchouc. It is emetic, and is some- 
times a dangerous poison. 
As-cle’pt-as, adis.* [From ’AovA/jrok, 
the Greek name of Aesculapius, the god 
of medicine?] The name of a genus 
of plants belonging to the Linnman class 
Pentandria, natural order Asclepiada- 
cem. 
Asclc'piaslii-car-na'ta.* The flesh- 
colored Asclepias, a plant whose medical 
properties appear to be similar to those 
of the Asclepias Tuberosa, which see. 
Ascle pias Syr-l'a-ca.® The silk- 
weed; called also milk-weed. Of this 
64 plant the bark of the root is given in 
powder for aSthina and other pulmonary 
affections. 
As-cie'pias Tti-be-ro'sa.* Swal- 
low-wort; called also Pleurisy-root. An 
American plant, the root of which is 
used as an expectorant and a diaphoretic 
in catarrh and rheumatistn. It is given 
in powder and decoction or infusion. 
A-sep'ta.* [From a, priv., and airno- 
pai, to “putrefy.”] Substances free from 
the putrefactive process. 
Asetigfeiy* a-set'e-jer. [From a, priv., 
se'ta, a “bristle,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
Without bristles: asetig'erous. Applied 
in the neuter plural (Aset!(/'era) to a 
family of Articnlata abranckiata. 
A-sex'u-al. [Ascxua'lis; from a, 
priv., and sex’ns, “sex” or “gender.”] 
A botanical term applied to plants hav- 
ing no sexual organs. 
Ash. The common name of several 
trees and shrubs. The true ash includes 
the various species of the Linnman genus 
Frax'inus. Bitter Ash is the popular 
name for a species of Quassia growing 
in the West India islands. 
Ash-Color. See Cixereus. 
Ash'es. [Ci'nis, Cin'eris.] The 
residual substance after burning any 
thing; more usually, the residuum of the 
combustion of vegetables, containing 
alkalies and alkaline salts. The common 
name for the vegetable alkali potash, or 
Potassa. 
Asiatic (a'she-at'ik) li&l'sam. [A- 
siat'icum XSal'samum.] The Balsa- 
mum Gileadense, which see. 
Asitia,® a-si'te-a. [From a, priv., 
and o-Tto;, “food.”] Abstinence from 
food; also, loss of appetite. See Ano- 
rexia, Fastidium Cibi. 
As-par a-gi.' the plural of Aspar- 
agus, forming the Jussieuan name of 
a natural order of plants now included 
in Lilincete. 
As-par'a-fcin. [Aspara&i'na.] A 
peculiar vegetable principle obtained 
from the Asparagus. 
As-par'a-fgus (Gr. dtrrrapayoi) Of-lic- 
I-iia'Iis,® or Common Asparagus. A 
plant belonging to the Linnman class 
Hexandria, natural order Liliacex. The 
root and young shoots are diuretic, anil 
are said to exert a sedative influence on 
the heart. 
As-par'tate. [Aspar'tas, a'tis.] A 
combination of aspartic acid with a base. 
Aspera Arteria. See Arterta As- 
PERA. 
As-per-grilll-torm. [Aspergilli- 
A SC 
for'mis; from aspergil'lum, a “brush.”] 
Brush-like; divided into minute ramifi- 
cations, as the stigmas of grasses, cer- 
tain hairs of the cuticle, etc. 
As'per-I-ffo'lI-us.* [From as'per, 
“rough,” and fv'lium, a “leaf.”] Rough- 
leaved: asperifo'lious. Applied by Lin- 
naeus, in the plural feminine (Asperifo'- 
Use) to an order of plants now called 
Boraginaceous. See Boraginaceac. 
As-pcr'ma-tous. [Asper'matns, 
or Asper'mus; from a, priv., and torep- 
pa, “ seed.”] Without seed. 
As-por'sion. [Aspcr'sio; from ne- 
per'go, asper'sum, to “sprinkle.”] The 
sprinkling of the body with a medicinal 
liquid or powder. 
As-phal'tuin.* [From a, priv., and 
o<f>a\\w, to “slip,” to “fail,” because 
when used as a cement it prevented the 
stones from slipping or giving way.] 
Native bitumen : a solid, brittle bitumen, 
found principally on the shores and on 
the surface of the Dead Sea, which was 
named Asphaltitis from this substance. 
A brown coloring matter is formed from 
it, which, when dissolved in oil of tur- 
pentine, is semi-transparent, and is used 
as a glaze. 
Asphoclelese,* as-fo-de'le-e. A sub- 
division of the natural order Liliaceie. 
As-phod'e-Ii,* the plural of As- 
phod'elite, forming the Jussieuan name 
of a natural order the same as Asphode- 
leA3, which see. 
As-phyx'i-a.* [From a, priv., and 
the “ pulse.”] Literally, the “ state 
of being without pulse:” asphyx'y. Sus- 
pended animation; that state in which 
there is total suspension of the powers 
cf body and mind, usually caused by 
interrupted respiration, as by hanging 
or drowning. 
Asphyx'ia Al'gl-da.* [From al'geo, 
to “be cold.”] Asphyxy from intense cold. 
Asphyx'ia E-lec'(ri-ca.s Asphyxy 
caused by lightning or electricity. 
ts])liy x' in Id-I-o-pat li'I-ca.® (“ Id- 
iopathic Asphyxia.”) Asphyxy, or sud- 
den death, without any manifest cause. 
See Idiopathic. 
Asphyx 'ia Mc-phit'i-ea.® Asphyxy 
by inhalation of some mephitic gas, car- 
bonic acid, or other non-rcspirable gas. 
Asphyx'ia 
[From vh;, “young,” “new,” and <j>n6v, 
a “plant,” also a “child.”] Called also 
Asphyx'ia Jfe-o-na-to'rum.* [From 
na'tus, “born.”] Deficient respiration in 
new-born children. 
Asphyx'ia SuH'oeatio'iiis* (suf-fo- 
ASP 
65 ASP 
AST 
ka-she-o'nis). (The “asphyxy of suffo- 
cation.”) Asphyxy by hanging or 
drowning. 
Asq)li>x'l-:it'C<l. [Asphyxia tus.] 
Laboring under asphyxy. 
As-pkl l-uni. '- [From denu'?, a “ round 
shield.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Cryptoyamia, order Filiees. 
Aspid’ium Ath-a-man'tl-cnm.* 
[Etymology uncertain.] A species of 
fern growing in South Africa, much 
used as a remedy against worms, espe- 
cially the tape-worm. 
Aspid'inm I'i'ltx Mas.* The male 
fern; called also Polypodium filix mas. 
The root of this plant is considered by 
many to he an efficacious remedy against 
the tape-worm. 
As-ple'ni-um.* [From a, priv., and 
trn\fiv, the “spleen.”] A genus of fern 
called spleenwort and miltwaste, from a 
belief that it removed disorders or re- 
duced enlargements of the spleen. 
Asple'nitim Cet'araeh*(set'a-rak). 
A species of fern much used as a remedy 
in nephritic and calculous diseases, also 
as a pectoral. 
Asplc'niiim Fi'lix Fcrni'I-na.* 
The female fern, a plant possessing 
medical properties similar to those of 
the male fern (Aspidinm filix mas). The 
Asple'nium ru'ta mura'ria, the A. scolo- 
pen'drium, and the A. trichomanoi'dcs, 
have properties similar to those of the 
A. eetaraeh. 
Assafoetida,* as-sa-fet'e-da, written 
also Assafet Ida,* and Asafoetida.* The 
Pharmacopceial name j| for the gum resin, 
or concrete juice, obtained from the Nar- 
thex assafoetida, otherwise called Fer'ula 
assafoet'ida. It occurs massive and in 
tears. It was used by the ancients as a 
condiment, and at the present day the 
plant is eaten with relish in some countries 
of the East. Assafoerida is a powerful 
antispasinodic; it is also a stimulant ex- 
pectorant and laxative. From its uniting 
antispasinodic and expectorant virtues, 
it often proves useful in spasmodic pec- 
toral affections. 
As-say'ing. The operation of ascer- 
taining the proportion of any metal in 
an ore or mixture. See Cupki.lation. 
As-sim'I-late. [From ad, “to,” and 
sim'ilis, “like.”] Literally, to “make 
like.” In Physiology, to change the 
food into’a substance like the living 
body; to convert the food into nutri- 
ment,—in other words, into chyle and 
blood. 
As-siiii-f-IiVt ion. [Assimila'tio, 
obit's/ from tho same.] The act or pro- 
cess of assimilating food. See Alitura. 
As-so'defc,* or A-so'd£s.'* [From iian, 
“disgust,” “nausea.”] A continual fever, 
attended with a loathing of food. Sau- 
vages calls it Trytseophya assodes, and 
Cullen arranges it under the tertian re- 
mittents. * 
As-sur'&ent. [Assurgcns; from 
assur'yo, to “rise up.”] A botanical 
term, signifying bent down, then rising 
erect towards the apex. 
A-otat'ic. [ Astat'icus; from a, priv., 
and "oTriyt, to “stand.”] A term applied 
to a magnetic needle when its directive 
property is destroyed by the proximity 
of another needle, of equal magnetic in- 
tensity, fixed parallel to it and in a re- 
versed position, each needle having its 
north pole adjacent to the south pole of 
the other. In this state, the needles, 
neutralizing each other, are unaffected 
by the earth, while they are still subject 
to the influence of galvanism. 
As'ter.* [Gr. datftp, a “star.”] A 
genus of cryptogamous plants having 
star-like flowers. 
Asteraeese,* as-tcr-a'she-e. A name 
given by Lindley to a natural order of 
plants. See Composite. 
A-ster'nl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
ster'nnm.] An organic deviation in the 
foetus characterized by absence of the 
sternum. 
As'ter-oid. [Asterol'des; from 
darftp, a “star” or “planet,” and eleoi, a 
“form.”] Resembling a star. As a noun, 
the term is applied, in Astronomy, to 
several small planets, including Ceres, 
Pallas, Juno, and Vesta. 
As-the'nI-a.® [From a, priv., and 
oOho;, “ strength.”] As'theny. Want or 
loss of strength: debility. 
As-then'ie. [Astheii'icus; from 
astbe'nia.] Wanting or deficient in 
strength; adynamic. 
As-llie-nol'o-fcy. [Asthenolo'igia; 
from a, priv., cderos, “strength,” and 
Xoyof, a “discourse.”] The considera- 
tion (or science) of diseases arising from 
debility. 
Astii'nia, atis.* [Gr. aoQya• from 
doOyfu, to “gasp for breath.”] A dis- 
ease attended with difficulty of breath- 
ing and a sensation of constriction in 
the chest, wheezing, cough, and expec- 
toration. A genus of the order Spasmi, 
class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Astli-mat'ic. [Astlimat'icns.] Be- 
longing to, or laboring under, asthma. 
A-sdg'niadiAin. [Astigmalis- 
66 AST 
ATII 
mas; from a, neg., and oriypa, a “point.”] 
A defect in the eye, in which the rays 
are not brought to one point or focus, 
but converge at different distances, so as 
to form two linear images at right an- 
gles with each other.—(Dunglison.) 
Ah'Io-huis.' [From a, priv., and 
oropa, a “mouth.”] Having no mouth. 
Applied to an order of mosses, and to a 
family of apterous insects. 
As-trag'a>loid. [Astragaloi'des; 
from astrag'alus, the “ankle-bone,” a 
“die,” and et60s, a “form.”] Resembling 
the astragalus. 
Aslras-a-liiides Syph-I-Iit'i-ca.® 
called also Astrag'alus Es'ea-pus.® 
The milk-vetch, a plant the root of 
which is said to cure syphilis. 
As- trag' a-1 us.* [Gr. darpdyixSo{.\ 
The ankle-bone. 
Astrag alus Cre'tl-cus.* The Cre- 
tan milk-vetch, one of the several species 
of Astragalus which are said to yield 
the gum tragacanth of commerce. 
Astragalus Escapus. See Astrag- 
aloides Syphilitica. 
Ast rag' al us Trag-a-can' tha.* The 
plant formerly supposed to yield gum 
tragacanth, now known to be chiefly 
obtained from tho Astragalus vents and 
the A. gummifer. 
Astrag alus Ve'rus.® A plant of 
the Linneean class Diadelphia, natural 
order Legnminosee, from which gum 
tragacanth is principally derived. 
As-tric'tion. [Astric'tio, o'nis; 
from ad, “to,” and sirin'go, stric'tum, to 
“bind.”] The state produced by astrin- 
gent medicines. 
As-trin'gent. [Astrin'gens; from 
the same.] Producing contraction and 
condensation in the soft solids, thereby 
diminishing excessive discharges. 
Astrin gent Prind-ple. A vege- 
table principle found in the bark of 
many trees and plants. From its use in 
tanning skins it has obtained the name 
of Tannin, which see. 
Astrin'gents. A name applied to 
medicines (such as alum, tannin, etc.) 
having the power to check discharges, 
whether of blood, of mucus, or any other 
secretion. They act by contracting the 
capillaries and secreting-orifices. See 
Astriction and Astringent. 
[From <"arpov, a “star,” 
and Xdyo;, a “discourse.”] A descrip- 
tion of the heavenly bodies, their nature 
and distinctions, and, so, like Astron- 
omy ; more usually, however, applied to 
a pretended science which explained the 
phenomena of nature, and events of 
human life, by the influence of the 
stars. Hippocrates considered astrology 
among the studies necessary for a physi- 
cian. 
As-t ron'o-mj. [Astrono'mia; 
from drrpoi/, a “star,” and rogoj, a “law.”] 
Literally, that science which treats of the 
laws which govern the heavenly bodies; 
but, more generally, it includes every 
thing which can be known of those 
bodies. 
A-ti»xT-a.* [From a, neg., and riWco, 
to “order.”] Literally, “want of order.” 
Irregularity. A term applied to some 
diseases. 
A-tsix'ic. [Atax'lcus; from atax'iaj] 
Irregular. 
At'axy. See Ataxia. 
-Ate. A terminal syllable which, 
added to the name of an acid ending 
in -ie, expresses a combination of that 
acid with a base; as, nitrate of silver, 
or a combination of nitric acid with the 
oxide of silver. 
At-e-lec'ta-sis,* or Atelec'tasis 
Pul-ntomini. [From drrXrk, “ im- 
perfect,” and iKraaig, “expansion.”] Ap- 
plied to a state of the lungs in new-born 
children, on account of some obstacle to 
the complete establishment of respira- 
tion. See Pulmo. 
A-thal'a-mous. [Athal'amiu; 
from a, priv., and 0aXapOf, a “ marriage- 
bed.”] Applied to plants which have 
no coneeptacles. 
Adi-er-i-ce rns. [From ddhp, the 
“point of a sword,” and kiip6f, “slender.”] 
Applied in the nominative plural neuter 
(Atherice'ra) to a family of dipterous 
insects, in which the lower and side 
pieces of the sucker are linear and 
pointed, or setaceous: athcricc'rous. 
A-ther'm»-iiou<4. [ Ather'nianus; 
from a, priv., and deppaivto, to “make 
warm ”] Not communicating heat. 
A(li-<‘r-oinu. at is* [From dddpa, 
“gruel.”] An encysted tumor contain- 
ing a soft substance like panada. Beclard 
observes that this kind of cyst, as well 
as the varieties termed meliceris and 
steatoma, are merely sebaceous follicles 
enormously dilated. 
AtIi-or-oin 'a-to us. [Atheroma- 
to'sus.) Of the nature of Atheroma. 
Atti-Iet'ic. [Athlet'icus; from «0- 
Xir%. an “athlete,” “one who strove for 
a pnze” (from dd\ov, a “prize,” a “con- 
test”).] Having a strong muscular-de- 
velopment, like those who exercised in 
the ancient games. 
67 At-lan'tad. Same as Atlantal used 
adverbially. 
At-lan'tal. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
clay as meaning towards the atlas. 
At'las, an'tis.* [From At'las, an 
ancient giant, fabled to bear the heavens 
upon his shoulders.] The first cervical 
vertebra, so named, it would seem, be- 
cause it immediately sustains the head, 
a burden immensely disproportioned to 
itself in size. 
A!-2!ii-(S<nn e-ler, At-mom'e-ter. 
[Atmidom'etrtim, and Atmom'e- 
trum.] [From drp,'j, or dryof, “ vapor,” 
and jxlrpov, a “ measure.”] An instru- 
ment by which the vapor exhaled from 
a humid surface in a given time may be 
measured. 
At'mo-spliere. [Atmosphse'ra; 
from (irpo;, “ vapor,” and apaipa, a “globe” 
or “sphere.”] The thin, elastic fluid 
encompassing the earth to a height 
judged to be about forty-five miles; the 
natural air we breathe. 
Al-mo-spiicric. [Atmospliasr'i- 
cus.] Belonging to the atmosphere. 
Atniosplier'ic I’res'snro, or weight 
of the atmosphere, is measured by the 
length of a column of mercury. A mer- 
curial column thirty inches in length 
presses on a given surface with the same 
force as the atmosphere in its ordinary 
state; and hence the force of a sixty- 
inch column is equal to the pressure of 
two atmospheres, that of fifteen inches 
to half an atmosphere, (hat of one inch 
to one-thirtieth of the atmospheric pres- 
sure. 
A-to'?!-»,® or A-to'lt i-a.® [From a, 
priv., and rows, “offspring.”] Sterility. 
At'oin. [At'omns: from a, neg., 
and rcpvi■), to “cut,” to “divide.”] The 
smallest particle of matter, incapable of 
farther division. 
At'oin, t'om-po'nent. That which 
unites with another of different nature 
to form a third or compound atom. 
At'oin, €oin'ponnd. That formed 
by two atoms of different nature. 
At'om, El-e-iiien'ta-rv. That of a 
substance not decomposed. 
At'om. Or-sjan'ic. That of a sub- 
stance found only in organic bodies. 
At'oin, I»riTna-ry. Same as Atom, 
Elementary. 
At-om'ic. [Atom'lcus.] Belong- 
ing, to atoms or particles. 
Atomic TSie'o-i-y. A theory intro- 
duced by Dalton forexplain'n - tbe laws 
of definite proportions in chemical com- 
binations. It is founded on flic sup- 
ATL 
position that matter consists cf ultimate, 
indivisible particles, called atoms, that 
these are of the same size and shape in 
the same body, but differ in weight in 
different bodies, and that bodies com- 
bine in definite proportions with refer- 
ence to those weights, which are hence 
called atomic weights. The main features 
of this theory arc briefly slated in the 
following paragraphs. 
In bodies capable of assuming the 
gaseous form, the weight of the atom is 
obtained from the volume: thus, water 
being composed of one volume of oxy- 
gen united with two volumes (or one 
atom) of hydrogen, the relative weights 
will be—oxygen, 8, hydrogen, 1, and 
water, 9. 
In bodies which do not assume the 
gaseous form in their simple state, the 
weight of the atom is deduced from that 
of the compound: the weight of carbon, 
for instance, is obtained from that of 
carbonic acid gas, one volume of which 
weighs twenty-two times as much as 
our standard of unity; of the twenty- 
two parts, sixteen are hydrogen, leaving 
6 to represent the primary molecule of 
carbon. 
In the case of bodies which are inca- 
pable of assuming a gaseous.form, either 
alone or in combination, the weight must 
be obtained by analysis: thus, marble, or 
the carbonate of lime, is found to be 
composed of twenty-two parts of car- 
bonic acid and twenty-eight of lime; 28, 
therefore, represents the atomic weight 
of lime. 
The atomic weights are generally sup- 
posed to be related to one another by 
multiple: hence this law is often called 
the law of multiples, or ( f combinations 
in multiple proportion. This will be easily 
seen by referring to the component parts 
of the- following substances:— 
ATO 
Nitrous oxide 
Nitrogen. 
Oxygen. 
*8 
Nitric oxide 
14 
16 
Hyponitrous acid.... 
14 
24 
Nitrous acid 
14 
32 
Nitric acid 
14 
40 
When only one combination of any 
two elementary bodies exists, Dr. Dalton 
assumes that its elements are united, 
atom to atom singly, by what he calls 
binary combinations; if several com- 
pounds can be obtained from the same 
elements, they combine, as he supposes, 
in proportions expressed by some simple 
multiple of the number of atoms, as in 
the following table:— 
68 ATO 
ATT 
Atoms— 
1 of A + 1 of B = 1 of C, binary. 
1 of A + 2 of B = 1 of D, ternary. 
2 of A + 1 of B = 1 of E, ternary. 
1 of A + 3 of B = 1 of F, quaternary. 
3 of A + 1 of B = 1 of G, quaternary. 
Atonia. See Atony. 
A-ton'ic. [Aton’icus; from a, priv., 
and toi/c;, “tone.”] Without, or having 
diminished, tone or power. 
At'o-ny. [Ato'nia; from the same.] 
Want or diminution of muscular tone. 
Atrabiliary, at-ra-bil'ya-re. [At- 
rabilia'rins; from atrabi’lis, “black 
bile.”] Melancholy; atrabilious. Atra- 
biliary capsules, arteries, and veins, are 
names applied to the renal or supra- 
renal glands or capsules, and to the 
arteries and veins by which they are 
supplied, because they were formerly 
supposed to produce black bile. See 
Atrabilis. 
Atrabilious, at-ra-bil'yus. [From 
the same.] Melancholy, hypochondriac. 
At-ra-bi'lis.® [From a’ter, “black,” 
and hi’Its, “bile.”] Black bile; an im- 
aginary fluid, supposed, when existing in 
excessive quantity, to be the cause of 
Melancholy, which see. 
Atraehelus,* at-ra-ke’lus. [From a, 
priv., and rpdxthe “neck.”] With- 
out a neck; having a very short neck. 
At- ra-ill e n'111 in. * [From a'ter, 
“black.”] A Latin term denoting the 
coloring matter secreted by the cuttle- 
fish (Se'pia); also, ink. 
A-tre'si-a.® [From a, priv., and rpij- 
c7ij, a “boring,” a “perforation.”] Imper- 
foration; usually applied to the rectum, 
urethra, etc. 
A-tret-o-feph ’n-lng,% A-trot-o- 
eor'inus.* [From a, priv., rirpripi, to 
“perforate,” Kcpa\fi, the “head,” and sop- 
po;, a “trunk.”] A monster-foetus with- 
out the natural openings in the head or 
trunk. 
Atriplex Feetida. See Chenopo- 
DIU1I VULVARIA. 
The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order. See Chenopodiacea:. 
At ro-j>a.;: [From 'Arpon-oj, of the 
three Fates, that one whose special duty 
it was to cut the thread of life: named 
on account of its deadly or poisonous 
qualities.] A Linnaean genus of tho class 
Pentandria, natural order Solanacese. 
At'ropa Bel'la-don'na.* The 
deadly nightshade, or belladonna, a 
plant belonging to the narcotico-acrid 
poisons. 
A-tro'phl-a.* [From a, priv., and 
Tpoi[»'i, “nourishment.”] Atrophy. A 
genus of tho order Marco res, class Ca- 
chexia;, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
At'ro-phy. [Atrophia. See Atro- 
phia.] Defect of nutrition ; wasting or 
emaciation, with loss of strength, unac- 
companied by fever. 
A-tro'pI-a.* A peculiar alkaline 
principle found in all parts of the Atropa 
Belladonna. It is highly poisonous, and 
in the most minute proportion has the 
property of dilating the pupil of the eye. 
At'ropin. See Atropia. 
At'ro-pism. [Atropis'mus.] The 
condition of the system produced by the 
persevering use of belladonna. 
Attar dul, it'tar gool. [From at'tar, 
“essence,” and gul, a “rose.”] A phrase 
taken from the Persian, and signifying 
Attar of Roses, or Otto of Roses. See 
next article. 
At'tar of lto'ses [see preceding ety- 
mology], or Oil of Roses. An essence 
prepared from the petals of the damask 
rose (and probably from other species) 
by distillation with water. The oil col- 
lects and floats on the surface of the 
water when it cools. 
At-ten'u-ant. [Atten'uans,nn'tis; 
from atten'uo, attenua'tum, to “make 
thin.”] Applied to medicines supposed 
to impart to the blood a thinner or more 
fluid consistence, as water, whey, etc. 
At-ten'u-at-ed. [AUenua'tus; 
from the same.] Become slender; thin. 
At'ten-u-a'tion. [Attcmia'tio; 
from the same.] The lessening of weight 
or of consistency; emaciation. The 
term is applied to a process by which a 
fluid becomes of less specific gravity, as 
when it undergoes fermentation and 
parts with carbonic acid. 
At-tol'lens.* [From atlol'lo, to 
“raise up.”] Raising up. 
Attol'lens Au'rem.® (“ Raising the 
ear.”) A muscle whose office is indi- 
cated by its name. 
Attollens Oculi. See Rectus Su- 
perior Oculi. 
At-tract'. [From ad, “to,” or “to- 
wards,” and tra'ho, trac'tum, to “ draw.”] 
To draw to or towards. See next article. 
At-trae'tion. [Attrae'tio, o’nis; 
from the same.] That principle or power 
in the material universe by which one 
particle or mass of matter is drawn to or 
towards another. 
Attraction of Afftn'ity. The ten- 
dency of the atoms of different bodies to 
combine to form chemical compounds. 
See Affinity. 
69 ATT 
AUR 
Attraction, Cap'illary. The power 
by which a liquid rises in a fine tube 
higher than the surface of the liquid 
which surrounds it. See Capillary. 
Attrac'tion op Coiie'sion. The ten- 
dency of the molecules of a body to 
cohere, to form masses. It is antagonist 
of Affinity. 
Attrac'tion, Elec'trical. The prop- 
erty displayed by certain substances of 
attracting certain others on being rubbed. 
Attrac'tion of Gravita'tion. The 
tendencies of masses of bodies towards 
each other. See Gravity. 
Attrac'tion, Magnet'ic. The tend- 
ency of certain bodies, chiefly iron, 
towards the north pole of the earth, and 
towards other bodies possessed of the 
property called magnetism. 
Attraction, I>oul>le Elective. See 
Affinity, Double Elective. 
Attraction, Simple Elective. See 
Affinity, Single Elective. 
At'tra-hens.® [The present parti- 
ciple of at'traho, to “draw to, or to- 
wards.” See Attract.] Applied in the 
neuter plural (Attrahentia, at-tra-hen'- 
she-a) to medicaments which irritate the 
surface, thereby attracting the fluids to 
the part, as blisters, sinapisms, etc. See 
Epispastic. 
At'trahens Au'ris.® [At'trahens, 
“drawing” or “drawing to,” and au'ris, 
“of the ear.”] A muscle which draws the 
ear forwards and upwards; also called 
anterior auris, and prior auriculae. 
Attrahentia. See Attrahens. 
Attrition, at-trish'un. [Attrl'tio, 
O'nis; from at'tero, attri'tum, to “rub 
against," to “wear away.”] An abra- 
sion or solution of continuity of the 
cuticle; also, a severe kind of Cardialyia : 
sometimes applied in surgery to the vio- 
lent crushing of a part. 
Au'ili-to-ry. [Amlito'raus; from 
au'dio, audi'tum, to “hear."] Belonging 
to the organ or the sense of hearing. 
Same as Acoustic. 
Au'ditory Nerve. The Portio Mol- 
lis of the seventh pair, which see. 
Aug'ite, aw'jlt. [From avyrj, “bright- 
ness,” and \i9o;, a “ stone.”] Pyroxene. 
A silicate of lime and magnesia. 
Au'ra.® [A Latin word signifying a 
“breath,” a “gentle breeze;” from «a>, 
to “breathe.”] A subtle vapor, or exha- 
lation. 
Au'ra Elec'trica.® Literally, the 
‘'electrical breeze.” The sensation, as 
of cold air, experienced when electricity 
is received from a sharp point. 
Au'ra Epilep'tica.® The peculiar 
sensation felt by epileptic patients, as 
of a cold fluid rising towards the head. 
Au'ra Hyster'ica.® The sensation as 
of cold air ascending to the head, said 
to occur sometimes in hysteria. 
Au'ra Semina'lis,® Au'ra Sem'inis.® 
The supposed vivifying principle of the 
Semen virile, believed to ascend through 
the Fallopian tubes, thereby impreg- 
nating the ovum in the ovarium. 
Au'ra Vita'lis.® The vital principle. 
A>.irantia,® au-ran'she-a, the plural 
of Auran'tium, forming the Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
Aurantiace-*. 
Anrantiacoae,® aw-ran-she-a'she-e. 
[From auran'tium, the “orange."] A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, natives of the East Indies and 
other warm climates. It includes the 
orange, lemon, lime, and citron. The 
leaves and rind of the fruit abound in a 
volatile, fragrant, bitter, and exciting oil. 
Aiirantlnceoiis, aw-ran-she-a'sbus. 
[Aurantia'cens; from auran'tium, an 
“ orange.”] Having an arrangement as 
in the orange-plant. See Aurantiacea*:. 
Aiirantiinii. aw-ran'she-um. [Sup- 
posed to be derived from an'rum, “ gold.”] 
The orange. The fruit of Citrus higara- 
(Iia and C. aurautium (Lond. Ph.), of 
Citrus rulgaris (Ed. Ph.), or C. aurautium 
(U.S. Ph.). 
Au'rate. [Au'ra*, a'tfs.] A com- 
bination of auric acid with a base. 
Au'rate of Ani-ino'nl-a. [Am- 
mo'niue Au ras.] Fulminating Gold, 
which see. 
Au-re'll-a.® [From an'rum, “gold.”] 
A term for the chrysalis or pupa of in- 
sects, often adorned with golden spots. 
Au'ric A$'i«l. [An'rieiim 
um; from an'rum, “gold.”] A name 
proposed by Pelletier for the peroxide 
of gold, on account of its property of 
forming salts with alkaline bases. 
Auricle. See Auricula. 
Au-ric'u-la,® plural Au-ric'u-Ia*. 
[The diminutive of au'ris, the “ear."] 
The auricle or external portion of the ear. 
Auric'nla IuH-ma. Literally, the 
“lowest ear.” The lobe of the ear. 
Au-ric'u-Ia? Cor'd is.® [From au- 
ric'ula and cor, cor'dig, the “heart.”] 
“Auricles of the heart." A term ap- 
plied to those cavities of the heart which 
lead to the ventricles. 
Au-rie-u-la’ris.* [From auric'nla, 
an “car.”] Belonging to the ear: au- 
ric'ular. 
70 A UR 
AYE 
An-rlc’n-late. [ Anr Icnla'tus; 
from auric'ula, an “ear.”] Applied in 
Botany to a leaf when it has a lobe on 
each side of its base; eared. 
Auricule, o'rAkiil'. The French 
term for Auricle, which see. 
Au-ric'u-lo-'Ven-tric'u-lar O'pen* 
iug. The opening between the auricle 
an 1 ventricle of each side of the heart. 
Au-rif er-om. [Aurif'erns; from 
au'ram, “gold,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or cont lining gold. 
Au'ri-form. [Anrifor'mis; from 
au'ris, the “ear.”] Formed like the ear. 
Au-ri'jgo,* or Au-rii'go.* [From 
an'rum, “gold.”] Orange-skin. A term 
applied to an orange hue diffused over 
the entire surface of the skin in new- 
born infants: Sauvage3 term? it ephe'lis 
la'tea. Also an old name for jaundice. 
Au-ri-pig-mja'lnm.® [From «»'- 
rum, “gold,” anl pig nen'tmn, “paint.”] 
Yellow Orpiment. See Orpimext. 
Au'ris.* The Latin term for the 
“ear.” It is distinguished into the ex- 
ternal and the internal. 
Au-ri-scM'pum.* [From scal’po, 
to “scrape.”] An instrument for cleans- 
ing the ear. 
Au'ri-scnpe. [Auris'capus; from 
au'ris, the “ear,” and okoscio, to “ex- 
plore.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
the condition of the Eustachian passage. 
Auriuni, Tinnitus. See Tinnitus 
Aurium. 
Aifrmn.' The Latin for Gold, which 
see. 
A51 ru;n Fulminans. See Fulmi- 
natinu Gold. 
Aus-cul-ta'tion. [Ansculta'tio, 
at'nis; from auscul'to, auscnfta'tum, to 
“listen.”] The act of listening to the 
sound given by particular parts of the 
body when struck, or to the sounds pr >- 
duced by the functional movements of 
the lung? or heart. 
Ausculla'tion, Im-inecii-ats. 
That practised directly by the ear of 
the practitioner without the aid of an 
instrument. 
Ausculla'tion, ttle'dl-ate. That 
pirfmnol by employing a stethoscope 
or some similar instrument. 
Aus-tra'lis.® [From Aus'ter, the 
“ south wind.”] Belonging to the siuth: 
aus'tral. 
Au-to-car’pous. [Autocar'peus, 
or Autocarpla'nu5?; from abro;, “it- 
self,” and kuottS;, “fruit.”] Applied to 
fruit not adherent to the calyx; superior. 
AntacMlion,® au-tok'thon, plural 
Au-tocVtUao-iaesi. [From avrfc, “it- 
self,” sometimes “very,” undx0aa,“ land,” 
or “country.”] A name given, by those 
who hold the doctrine that the various 
races of mankind were originally distinct, 
to the first inhabitants of a country, sup- 
posed to have been produced in the 
“very country or place itself.” 
Autochthonous. See Thrombus. 
Au-tog'c-nous. [Auto£'cnus; from 
avrdf, “itself,” or “one’s self,” and ym<>, 
to “be born.”] Applied in Comparative 
Anatomy, by Owen, to parts developed 
from distinct and independent centres. 
Au-to-cnat'ic. [Aiitoannt'icus; 
from to “act spontaneously.”] 
Applied to functions or motions per- 
formed without the will, as digestion, 
the heart’s action, etc. 
Au-to-plas'tic. [Autoplas'ticus.] 
Belonging to autoplasty. 
Au'to-plas-ty. [Autoplas'tia; 
from airoj, “one’s self,” and jrXiawco, to 
“form.”] Operations by which lesions 
are repaired by means of healthy parts 
being taken from the neighborhood of 
the lesion and made to supply the de- 
ficiency caused by wounds or disease. 
Au-top'so-rin. [From avro;, “one’s 
self,” and p 'pa, the “itch.”] That 
which is given under the homoeopathic 
doctrine of administering a patient’s 
own virus. 
Au’top-sy. [Autop'sia; from auroy, 
“one’s self,” and opt;, the “act of see- 
ing.”] Ocular examination. 
A-ve'sia.* The oat. The Pharma- 
copoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the seeds of 
Avena saliva. See Avena: Semina. 
Ave'na Sa-ti'va.® The oat-plant. 
See Avena; Semina. 
A-ve na1 Fa-ri'na.* (“Meal of Oats.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S.Ph.) for 
oatmeal, prepared from the seed of Avena 
sativa. Used for gruels, decoctions, etc. 
A-ve'nse Sem'I-na.® [From se'men, 
“seed,” plural sem'ina.] Literally, the 
“seeds of the oat.” Oats; the fruit of 
the Avena sativa, of the order Graminese, 
yielding a flour or moal which forms a 
c >minon article of food in some parts of 
Europe. Groats arc the oats freed from 
the cuticle, and used in broth and gruels. 
A-ve-na'ceans. [Avena'ceus.] Be- 
longing to the Avena. 
A - vc n -I - lb r' m is. * [From ave'na, 
and for'ma.\ Like a grain of oats: 
aven'iform. 
A-ve'nl-ous. [Ave'nius; from a, 
priv., and ve'na, a “vein.”] Applied to the 
leaves of plants without veins, or nerves. 
71 AVE 
AZY 
A'vcS,* the plural of Avis, which see. 
A-vie'u-lar. [Avicula'ris; from 
avic'ula, a “little bird.”] Pertaining to 
birds. 
A'vis.* A bird. Applied in the plu- 
ral (A'ves) to a class of oviparous Ver- 
tebruta including all birds proper. 
Avoine, a'vw&n'. The French for 
“oats.” See A vena. 
A-vul'sion. [Avul'sio; fromavel'lo, 
avul'sum, to “tear asunder.”] The forci- 
ble separation from each other of parts 
of the body which were previously more 
or less intimately united. 
Awn. See Arista. 
Ax-if'er-ous. [Axif'crus; from 
ax'is, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Applied to 
plants having only a stem or axis, vari- 
ously modified. 
Ax-il'la.* The armpit; the cavity 
under the upper part of the arm and 
shoulder. Applied in Botany to the 
angle formed by a branch and the stem, 
or by a leaf with either of these. 
Ax-il-la'ris.* [From axil'la, the 
“armpit;” Fr, Ax ilia ire, ix'e'laiR'.] Be- 
longing to the axilla: axillary. Applied 
also to branches and leaves that form an 
axilla. 
Ax'il-la-rjp. Belonging to the arm- 
pit. See Axillaris. 
Ax'iliary Plex'ns. [Plex'us Ax- 
illa' ris.] The brachial plexus formed 
by the three last cervical and the first 
dorsal nerves. 
Ax'is.*' [Perhaps from a’yo, to “ act,” 
to “drive ”] Literally, an “axle” about 
which any revolving body turns. A 
right line, real or imaginary, passing 
through the centre of any body. The 
name of the second vertebra of the neck, 
its tooth-like process serving as an axis 
on which the atlas, and so the head it-elf, 
turns; also termed Ver'tehra denta'ta. 
In Astronomy, the axis of the earth is 
that diameter about which it performs its 
diurnal revolution. In Geology, applied 
to the centre of a mountain-group. In 
Botany, the stem and root of a plant, 
termed, respectively, the ascending and 
descending axis. 
Axis, Anticlinal. See Anticlinal. 
Axis, Synclinal. See Synclinal 
Axis. 
Ax-ot o-mous. [Axot'omus; from 
ujfjj/, the “axis,” and to “cut.”] 
Applied to minerals which are cleavable 
in one direction, perpendicular to the axis. 
Ax-un'&j-a.* [From ax’is, an “axle- 
tree,” and un'yuo, to “anoint,” to 
“smear;” Fr. A.j*oHf/e,'3,x'Axzh'.] Hog’s 
lard. The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. 
Ph.) of the fat of the ISus sero/a, the 
Adept (U. S. Ph.), or Adept suillus 
(Dub. Ph.). See Adeps. 
Axnn'gia Porci'na.* The same as 
Adeps Suillus, which see. 
Az-c-ta'ic Af'id. An acid obtained 
by treating oleic with nitric acid. It 
closely resembles suberic acid. An- 
other acid, the Azoleic, is procured by 
the same process. The terms are derived 
from the words azote and oleic. 
Az-o-ben'zide. A new substance 
obtained by heating a mixture of nitro- 
benzide with an alcoholic solution of 
potassa. 
Az-o-lit'man. A pure coloring ma- 
terial, of a deep blood-red color, obtained 
from litmus. 
Az'ote. [Azo'tuin; from a, priv., 
and yho, to “live;” because unfit for sus- 
taining life.] Nitrogen gas. 
A-zot'ic Another name for 
Nitric Acid, which see. 
Az-o'tous Another name for 
nitrous acid; the hyponitrous acid of 
Turner. See Nitrous Acid. 
Az-6t-u'ri-si.3 [From azo'tum, and 
onpov, the “urine.”] A class of diseases 
characterized by a great increase of 
urea in the urine. 
Az-ul'mic The name given 
by Boullay to the black matter deposited 
during the decomposition of prussic 
acid. It is very similar to ulmie acid. 
See Ulmin. 
Azure, a'zhur. A fine blue pigment, 
commonly called smalt, consisting of 
glass colored with oxide of cobalt and 
ground to an impalpable powder. 
Az'ure Stone. [I,a'i»is I.az.iili.] 
An azure-blue mineral from which the 
unchangeable blue color ultramarine is 
prepared. 
Azygos l'vul:e. See Azygous Mus- 
cle. 
Az y-gous. [Az'ygos; from a, priv., 
and a “ yoke.”] Without a fellow, or 
corresponding part. 
Az'ygous Mus’cle. A muscle of the 
uvula. 
Azygous Process. [Proccs'sus 
Az'ygos.] A process of the sphenoid 
bone. 
Az'ygons'Vein. [Ve'na Az'yjros.] 
A ve'n formed by the union of the lower 
intercostal veins of the left side, and 
ascendin ' in front of the spine on the 
right side of the aorta. 
72 BAB 
BAL 
B. 
B. A. = Bal'neum Are'nse.* A sand- 
bath. 
Bab'lah. The rind or shell which 
surrounds the fruit of the Mimosa cine- 
raria. It is brought from the East 
Indies, under the name of nebneb, and is 
employed as a dye-stuff. 
Bac'ca.* A berry; an inferior, inde- 
hiscent, pulpy fruit, as the gooseberry. 
The term is often otherwise applied by 
botanists. 
Bac'cate. [Bacca'tus; from bac'ca, 
a “berry.”] Resembling a berry. 
Bacchia,* bak-ki'a. [From Bac'chus, 
the “god of wine.”] Gutta Rosacea. 
The pimpled condition of the face con- 
sequent on hard drinking. See Acne 
Rosacea. 
Bacciferous, bak-sif'er-us. [Bac'- 
Sifer, or Baccif'erus; from bac'ca, 
a “berry,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
ing berries. 
Bacciform, bak'se-form. [Bacci- 
lor'mis; from bac'ca, a “berry.”] Hav- 
ing the form of a berry. 
Baccivorous, bak-siv'o-rus. [Bac- 
civ'orus; from bac'ca, a “berry,” and 
vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating or living 
on berries. 
B&ch'e-lor’s But tons. A name 
sometimes applied to Nux Vomica, which 
see. 
Bacli'er’s Ton'lc Pills. Extract 
of hellebore and myrrh, of each Sj, with 
3iij of powdered cardans benedictus, to 
be divided into pills of one grain each: 
dose, two to six three times a day. 
Backbone. Sec Spine. 
Bac'u-lus.* Literally, a “stick” or 
“ staff,” and hence the name of a lozenge, 
shaped into a little, short roll. 
Baignoire. See Baptisterium. 
Bain, baxg. The French word for 
Bath, which see. 
Ba'ker’s Itch. A species of Psori'a- 
sis diffu'sa, resulting from the irritating 
qualities of yeast. 
Ba'ker’s Salt. A name given to the 
subearbonate of ammonia, or smelling- 
salts, from its being used by bakers as a 
substitute for yeast in the manufacture 
of some of the finer kinds of bread. 
Ba-lse'na JIac-ro-tepli ’a-1 us.® A 
species of Physeter Macrocephalcs, 
which see. 
Balsenid*e,*ba-len'e-de. [From balse'- 
na, a “ whale.”] A family of the Cetacea. 
Ral'ance E-lec-trom'e-ter. An in~ 
strument, constructed on the application 
of the common balance and weights, to 
estimate the mutual attraction of oppo- 
sitely-electrified surfaces. 
Bal-a-nit”er-ons. [Balanif'erns; 
from PdXavo;, an “acorn,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing acorns. 
Bal'a-nism. [ Baton is'mns: from 
fiaXaris, a “pessary.”] The application 
of a pessary. 
Bal-a-ni'tis.* [From (iaXavos, the 
“glam penis.”] Inflammation of the 
glans penis and prepuce, commonly 
complicated with phymosis; otherwise 
termed Gonorrhoe'a bal'ani, Bal'ano-pos- 
thi'tis, and Posthitis. 
Bal'a-noid. [Balanoi'des; from 
[ia.Xa.jos, an “acorn.”] Resembling an 
acorn. 
Balanoptioracea*,* bal'a-no-fo-ra'- 
she-e. [Named from Balanoph'ora, one 
of the genera.] A natural order of 
fungus-like parasitical plants. They 
belong to the class of Rhizogens. 
BaI'a-no-B*os-thi'tis, idis* [From 
paXavos, the “glans •penis,” and ndoOrj, the 
“prepuce.”] The same as Balanitis. 
Bal'a-nus.* [Gr.PaXarog, an “acorn,” 
a “gland.”] The Gians penis and Gians 
clitnridis. 
Ba-laus'ti-nm.* [From (taXio;, “va- 
rious.”] The flower of the pomegranate- 
tree. 
Balbuties,* bal-bu'she-ez. [From 
ballin'tio, to “stammer.”] Hesitation 
of speech; stammering. See Stammer- 
ing. 
Rall-and-Socket Joint. See Enar- 
THROSIS. 
Bal-lis'imis.* [From (3aX\Xw, to 
“dance.”] A name for Chorea, or St. 
Vitus’s dance. 
Bal-ioon'. [Fr. Ballon, bal'l<!>Nu'.] 
A spherical glass receiver, with one or 
two necks for adaptation to a retort or 
other vessel. 
Bal-lo'ta I>a-na'ta.‘* A plant indi- 
genous in Siberia, recommended by 
Brora in rheumatic and gouty affec- 
tions. 
Ballottement. bal'lott'mdN®'. [From 
the French ballotter, bal'lot'tA,', to “toss 
as a ball,” to “shake about.”] The pas- 
sive movements of the foetus in the 
liquor amnii, felt by applying the finger 
to the cervix uteri and raising it sud- 
73 BAL 
BAL 
denly upwards, when the foetus will 
strike on the finger in its descent. 
Balm, lAin. [From bal'samum, “bal- 
sam.”] A soothing or healing medicine. 
Balm of Gilead. See Balsam of 
Mecca. 
Balm Tea. An infusion of the leaves 
of Melis'sa officina'lis, or common balm. 
Biil.JMMig'ra-pliy. [Balneofyra'- 
pliia; from bal'neum, a “bath,” and 
ypiulM, to “write.”] A description of 
baths. 
Bal -ne-ol 'o-isy. [ Bal neolo 'gia; 
from bal'neum, a “bath,” and Xdyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on baths; the 
science of baths. 
Bal'i»p-o-1!ter-a-|>i'a.* [From bal'- 
neum, a “bath,” and depamia, “attend- 
ance.”] The proper employment of baths. 
Bal'ius-um.*' [Gr. 0a\areiov.] The 
Latin term for Bath, which see. 
Bal'neum An-i-ina'le.® Any part 
of a newly-killed animal, wrapped round 
the body or a limb. 
Bal'neum Ar-e'nse.® (“ Bath of 
sand.”) See Bath. 
Bal'neum Ma-ri'se,* Bal'neum 
Ma'ris.* A water-bath, a vessel being 
put into another containing water, which 
is placed on the fire; heat is thus gra- 
dually communicated. 
Bal'neum Med-I-ca'tum.* A medi- 
cated bath; a bath impregnated with 
medicinal substances. 
Bal'neum Sic'cum.S (“ Dry bath.”) 
Immersion in any dry substance, as ashes, 
salt, sand, etc. 
Bal'neum Sul-plm're-um.* A bath 
containing sulphur. 
Bals. Abbreviation for Balsamum,.* 
“Balsam.” 
Balsam. See Balsamum. 
Bal'sam (baul'sam) of the Au'gia 
Sinen'sis, or Chinese' Var'nish: it 
dries into a smooth, shining lac, used for 
lacquering and varnishing. 
Balsam of Copaiba. See Copaiba. 
Bal'sam of LiQUinAM'BAR. Balsam 
which flows from incisions made into 
the trunk of the Liquidambar styraciflua: 
it dries up readily, and thus occurs in 
the solid form. 
Bal'sam of Mec'ca (“Mecca Bal- 
sam”), or O'pobalsam. Balsam obtained 
by incisions of, and by boiling, the 
branches and leaves of the Amyris Gilea- 
densis (otherwise called Balsamotnendron 
Gileadense), and the A. Opobahamum. It 
becomes eventually solid. 
Bal'sam of Peru'. (Bal'samum Pe- 
ruuia'num.*) A balsam procured from 
the Myrospermum. Perniferuni. There 
are two kinds: the brown balsam, ex- 
tracted by incision, very rare, imported 
in the husk of the cocoanut, and hence 
called balsam en coque; and the black 
balsam, obtained by evaporating the 
decoction of the bark and branches of 
the tree. These are semi-fluid balsams. 
Bal'sam of Sto'rax. Balsam said 
to be procured from the Liquidambar 
attina and Orientate. The substance 
sold as strained storax is prepared from 
an impure variety of liquid storax. 
Bal'sam of To'lu. (Bal'samum. To 
luta'num.*) A balsam which flows spon- 
taneously from the trunk of the Myro- 
spermum toluiferum and dries into a red- 
dish resinous mass. 
The following artificial balsams may 
be named:— 
Bal'sam of Hore'hound. An aqueous 
infusion of horehound and liquorice-root, 
with double the proportion of proof spirit, 
or brandy, to which are then added 
opium, camphor, benzoin, squills, oil of 
aniseed, and honey. 
Bal'sam of Liq'uorice. This con- 
sists principally of paregoric elixir, very 
strongly impregnated with the oil of 
aniseed. 
Bal'sam of Sul'phur. A solution 
of sulphur in volatile oils. 
Balsamaceav* bal-sa-ma'she-e, or 
Bal-sa-mif'lu-se.* A natural order 
of balsamiferous trees, consisting of one 
genus, the Liquidambar. This order is 
termed by Bindley Altinyiacete. 
ltatsainaf io (bal-sa-ma'she-o), 
o'nix.% [From bal'samnm.] The process 
of embalming dead bodies. See Em- 
balming. 
Bal-sa'iue-us.-* Of the nature of a 
balsam. Also the specific name of a tree 
which produces balsam. 
Bal-sain'ic. [Balsam'icus.] Per- 
taining to balsam; of the nature of bal- 
sam. 
Bal-sam'ic-a.* Balsamics. A term 
generally applied to substances of a 
smooth and oily consistence, possessing 
emollient and generally aromatic pro- 
perties. 
Bal-sa-mif 'e-ra Bra-zil-i-en'sis.*’ 
An ther name for the Copaifera offici- 
nalis. 
Bal-sa-mifVr-ous. [Balsamif'« 
eras; from bal'samum, a “balsam,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or yielding 
balsam. 
B»lsamiiiacese,*bal-sam-in-a'she-e. 
[From Balsami'na, one of the genera.] 
74 BAL 
BAR 
A natural order of herbaceous plants 
including the Impatiens noli-tangere. 
They are prized for their showy 
flowers. 
Bal-sst-mo-Uen'dron.® [From /31A- 
oapoi, a “balsam,” and iinipov, a “tree.”] 
A Linnaean genus of the class Oetandria. 
See Amyris. 
Balsam oden'drmi Jlyr'rha.* The 
tree supposed to yield myrrh. 
Bal sa-mum.* [Gr. PaXaapov, from 
Heb. baal sameh, the “prince of oils.”] 
A balsam. A vegetable juice, liquid, or 
semifluid, or spontaneously becoming 
concrete. 
Bal'samum Can-a-den'se.® Cana- 
dian balsam: obtained from the Pinus 
balsamea. 
Bal'samum Co-pai'bse.® Balsam 
of copaiba or copaiva; vulgarly, capivi, 
and capivi oil. See Copaiba. 
Balsamum Gileadense. See Bal- 
sam op Mecca. 
Bal'samum Ju-da'I-cuni.® An- 
other term for the Balsamum Gileadense. 
Balsamum Peruvianuin. See 
Balsam op Peru. 
Bal'samum Sapona'ceum*(sap-o- 
na'she-um). The camphorated soap lini- 
ment, or opodeldoc. 
Bal'samum Syr-i'a-cum.® The 
Balsamum Gileadense. 
Balsamum Tolutanum. See Bal- 
sam of Tolu. 
Bal samum Vc'riun.* (“True Bal- 
sam.”) The Balsamum Gileadense. 
Bandage. [Fas'cia, Beliga'tio, 
o'nis, and Des'ma.J One or more 
pieces of cotton, linen, or flannel, for 
wrapping round any part of the body: 
they are simple, as the circular, spiral, 
uniting, etc., or compound, as the T 
bandage, the suspensory, eighteen-tailed, 
etc. etc. 
Ban-dan'a. A style of calico-print- 
ing practised in India, in which white 
or brightly-colored spots are produced 
upon a red or dark ground. 
Ban'dy-Legged. [Bandy is a cor- 
ruption of the French participle bands, 
“bent,” from bander, to “bend.”] Hav- 
ing legs the bones of which are curved 
outwards, or otherwise. See Devalgatus. 
Bang, or Bangue. See Cannabis 
Inmca, and Bhang. 
Ban'yer's Oint’ment An ointment 
consisting of half a pound of litharge, 
two ounces of burnt alum, one ounce and 
a half of calomel, half a pound of Venice 
turpentine, and two pounds of lard well 
rubbed together. It is used in Porrigo. 
Baobab, b&'o-bclb'. The African name 
of the Adanso'nia digita'ta, a tree grow- 
ing native in West Africa and cultivated 
in Egypt and Abyssinia. The trunk is 
said to attain, in some instances, the 
enormous thickness of ten yards. The 
leaves, in the form of powder, are some- 
times used in African cookery. The 
fruit has a subacid juice, which renders 
it valuable in fevers. The bark of the 
Baobab abounds in mucilage. It is said 
to have sometimes been given m fevers 
as a substitute for cinchona. 
Bapliicus Coccus, or Bajthicum 
Coccmu. See Kermes Berry. 
Bap-tis-te'rl-um.* [From @cmr%a>, to 
“dip,” to “bathe;” Fr. Baignoire, ben'- 
w3,r'.] A bathing-place. 
Bnplorrhuea,* bap-to-re'a. [From 
fiunra;, “infected,” and pirn, to “flow.”] 
A term intended to designate Gonorrhoea, 
Blennorrhcea, Blennorrhagia, etc. 
Bni'-bii'does Leg?. A disease of hot 
climates; the Elephantiasis Arabnm. 
Barba'does Nuts. [Nu'ces Bar- 
bacten'ses.] The fruit of the Jatropha 
cureas. The seeds are called physio 
nuts. See Jatropha. 
Barba'does Tar. The Bitumen Bar- 
badense, Bitumen petroleum, or Petroleum 
Barbadense. 
Bar'ha-ry' Gum, or Mo-roc'co 
Bum. A variety of gum Arabic said 
to be produced by the Acacia gummifera. 
Bar'batc. [Barba'tus; from bar'ba, 
a “beard.”] Bearded. 
ISar'bel-late. [Barbella'tus; from 
barbel'la, a “little beard.”] Having 
barbels. 
Bar'biers. A disease of India and 
the Malabar coast; a peculiar species of 
palsy. 
Bar-bi£'cr-ous. [Barbig-'erus; 
from bar'ba, a “ beard,” and ge'ro, to 
“bear.”] Having a beard; hairy. 
BarCjfe, bArii/.h', written also Bar- 
rage. A village situated on the French 
side of the Pyrenees, celebrated for its 
thermal waters. A peculiar substance 
has been obtained from these and other 
waters and termed baregin, bar'A-zhin. 
Ba-riria. [From the Spanish barilla, 
bar-rel'yS,, a plant called “salt-wort.”] 
Impure carbonate of soda imported from 
Spain and the Levant. British barilla, 
obtained by burning sea-weeds, is called 
kelp. 
Ba'ri-nm.* [From fiapvs, “heavy.”] 
The metallic basis of the earth baryta, 
so named from the great density of its 
compounds. 
75 BAR 
BAS 
Bark. [Cor'fcx.] In the plural, a 
popular term for Peruvian bark, or that 
of any species of cinchona. See Cinchona. 
Stark, Car-i-t»e'aii, or Saint E.iici'a 
Bark, sometimes improperly called Cin- 
ehoiia Cariliie a.5 The bark of the 
Exostem'ma Caiibee'um, and perhaps of 
some other trees. It is a useful substi- 
tute for cinchona, and, though contain- 
ing neither quinia nor cinchonia, is one 
of the most valuable of the spurious barks. 
liark, Es-sen'tial Salt of. This is 
merely an extract, prepared by mace- 
rating the bruised substance of bark in 
cold water, and submitting the infusion 
to a very slow evaporation. 
Bar'iey. [Ilor'tleum.] The seeds 
of Hordeum distichon or vulgare. 
Bar'ley. Cans'tic. The seeds of 
Vera tram sabadilla. 
Barm. See Ferjientum Cerevisi.®. 
Bar-o-mac-roin 'e-tor. [Baromac- 
rom'etrum; from Papos, “weight,” pux- 
pos, “length,” and ptirpor, a “measure.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the 
weight and length of new-born infants. 
Ba-rom 'e-ter. [Lat. Rarom'etrnm ; 
Fr. Barometre, b8.'ro'metr'; from Papos, 
“weight,” and ptirpov, a “measure.”] An 
instrument for ascertaining the weight 
or pressure of the atmosphere; a weather- 
glass. 
Bar'o-scope. [Barosco'pfum; 
from papos, “weight,” and atemeo, to 
“observe.”] A barometer sensible to 
the slightest atmospheric variations. 
Ba-ros'ma.*' [From Papvs, “heavy,” 
and otpt'l, “odor.”] A genus of plants 
of the order Ilntaccte. The leaves of 
several species constitute buchu. For- 
merly called Diosma. 
Bar'ras (French prom, MTt5/). An 
oleo-resinous substance. See Galipot. 
Barrenness. See Sterility. 
Barringtoniace«,* bar'ring-to-ne- 
a'she-e. A natural order of trees or 
shrubs, found in the tropics. 
Bariliolinianae, OIam«lnIsc,*glan'- 
du-le bar'to-le-ne-a'ne. The sublingual 
glands, named after Bartholin. 
Bar'wood. A red dye-wood brought 
from Africa, and used with sulphate of 
iron for producing the dark red upon 
British bandana handkerchiefs. 
Baryecoia,* bar’e-e-ko'ya. [From 
Papvs, “heavy,” and “hearing.”] 
Dulness of hearing; deafness. 
Ba-rjfph'o-njt. [Barypho'nia; 
from Papvs, “heavy,” and Qcovfi, the 
“voice.”] Difficulty of speech. 
Bsj-ry'ta,* or Ba-ry'tes.* [From 
Papvs, “heavyon account of its weight.] 
An alkaline earth, the heaviest of all tho 
earths. It is a virulent poison. The 
native sulphate of baryta is termed 
heavy spar. 
Basalt, ba-sault'. [From the Latin 
basal'tes, described by Pliny as a kind 
of marble very hard and of an iron 
color.] A common species of trap rock, 
essentially composed of feldspar and 
augite. It is of a compact texture and 
of a dark-green, gray, or black cob r. 
It is often found in regular columns, of 
which the Giants’ Causeway and tl.o 
island of Staffa furnish magnificent ex- 
amples. 
Ba-sarti-form. [ Basis It i tor mis ; 
from basalt'.] Formed like basalt. 
Ba-sal'toi<l. [liasiiltoides; from 
basalt', and ciiog, a “lorrn.”] Resem- 
bling basalt. 
Bas'a-nite. [From Pacatos, a Ly- 
dian stone.] A sort of touchstone by 
which the purity of gold was tried, and 
of which medical mortars were made. 
It consists of silica, lime, magnesia, car- 
bon, and iron, 
Bos-cu-la'tion. [From the French 
basevler, to “see-saw.”] A term used in 
examinations of the uterus in retrover- 
sion : the fundus is pressed upwards, the 
cervix downwards. It is half the see- 
saw movement. 
Base. [Ba'sis; Gr. Pacts, a “founda- 
tion.”] The earth, alkali, or metallic 
oxide which, combined with an acid, 
forms a salt. In Pharmacy it denotes 
the principal ingredient of any com- 
pound preparation. 
Basellacese,* bas-el-la'she-e. A 
natural order of herbaceous plants, found 
in tropical regions. 
Ba-si-a'tor, o’ri's.* [From ba'sio, 
basin'turn, to “kiss.”] A muscle whose 
office it is to contract the mouth. See 
Orbicularis Oris. 
Bas-I-bran 'ctil-al. [Basibranrtii- 
a'lis; from ba'sis and branehia'lis.] 
Applied by Owen to certain parts of the 
branchial arch in fishes. 
Bii'sic. [Bas'icus.] Belonging to, 
or like, a base. 
Bas-i-hy'al. [Basikya'lis; from 
ba'sis, “base,” and hyoi'des, “hyoid.”] 
A term in Comparative Anatomy applied 
to the two small subcubical bones on 
each side, forming the body of the in- 
verted hyoid arch. 
Bas'Mad. The same as Basilar 
used adverbially. 
Bas'i-Iar. Applied by Dr. Barclay 
76 as meaning “towards the base of the 
skull.” 
By-si l ie. [Basilicas; from 0 am- 
Xsig, a “ king.”] Kingly, royal; some- 
times applied by the ancients to parts 
supposed to hold an important place in 
the animal economy. 
Basilic Vein. A large vein situated 
at the fold of the elbow, in front of the 
humeral artery. It was important be- 
cause often opened in cases of blood- 
letting. 
Ba-Ail'I-cnn Oint'ment, sometimes 
written Basil'icum. [From the Greek 
(la'nXiioig, Lit. basil'icns, “royal;” so 
named on account of its great virtues.] 
The Gera'turn resi'nse (U. S. and Lond. 
Ph.), composed of five parts of resin, 
eight of lard, and two of ye''ow wax. 
It is much used as a stimulating appli- 
cation to blistered surfaces, indolent 
ulcers, burns, etc. 
Ba sin. [From the French has'sin, a 
“ wet dock.”] A geological term de- 
noting the sloping of strata in several 
directions towards a centre. 
Ka'si-o-. A prefix denoting connec- 
tion with the basilar process of the 
occipital bone. 
Basio •Chondro - Ceralo - Gloss us. 
See Hyoglossus. 
Ba'sio-Glos'sus.* [From ba'sis, and 
yXoaaa, the “tongue.”] A muscle run- 
ning from the base of the os hyoides to 
the tongue. 
Basioccipital, bas'e-ok-sip'e-tal. 
[Basioccipita'lis; from ba'sis, “base,” 
and occipita'le os, the “occipital bone.”] 
Applied in Comparative Anatomy, by 
Owen, to a bone homologous with the 
basilar process of the occipital bone. 
Ba'sis.* [Gr. /3krig, from /JatVeo, to 
“go,” to “step,” hence, “that on which 
one steps or stands,” a “ foundation.”] 
The substance with which an acid is com- 
bined in a salt. See Base. A mordant, 
or substance used in dyeing, which has 
an affinity both for the cloth and the 
coloring matter. Also, the principal 
medicine in a prescription. 
Ba'sis Cordis.* [Cor, cor'dis, the 
“heart.”] The “base of the heart.” 
The broad part of the heart is thus 
called, as distinguished from the apex 
or point. 
Bas-I-spiie'noid. [Basis plienoi'- 
des.] Applied in Anatomy and Com- 
parative Anatomy, by Owen, to a bone 
homologous with the base of the sphe- 
noid bone. 
Bas'tard. [Bfo'ttins.] Applied to 
BAS 
a plant or a diseaso closely resembling 
but not really what it appears to be. 
Bas'tard Bit'ta-ray. The root of the 
IJictamus fraxinella, now fallen into dis- 
use. 
Ba'syle. [From ffao-ig, a “base,” and 
vXn, “stuff,” “substance.”] A term pro- 
posed by Mr. Graham to denote the me- 
tallic radical of a salt. Thus, sodium is 
the basyle of sulphate of soda. 
Bateman’s Pee'to-ral Drops. 
These consist principally of the tincturo 
of castor, with portions of camphor and 
opium, flavored with aniseed and colored 
by cochineal. Used in coughs or lung- 
affections. 
Bates’s Al'um Wat er. The Li'quor 
Alu'minis compos'itus of the London 
Pharmacopoeia; a powerful astringent 
solution employed for stimulating and 
cleansing foul ulcers. 
Bath. [Bal'neum,plural Bal'nea.] 
A term applied to any yielding medium, 
such as water, sand, etc., in which a 
body is immersed. Baths are commonly 
divided into general and partial: they 
may consist of simple water, or be medi- 
cated. As the physiological and thera- 
peutic effects of baths are modified by 
their temperature, they may be arranged 
under the following heads :— 
GENERAL BATHS. 
Artificial Sea-Wa'ter Bath. 
nenm ma'ris facti'tium.*) A solution of 
one part of common salt in thirty parts 
of water. 
Cold Bath. [Bal'neum frig'idum.*) 
The temperature ranges from 33° to 60° 
Fahr. Below 50° it is considered very cold. 
Cool Batii. {Bal'neum frig'idum.*) 
Temperature from 60° to 75° Fahr. 
Hot-Air Bath. (Bal'neum sudato'- 
rium.*) The “sweating bath.” Tempera- 
ture from 100° to 130° Fahr. 
Hot Bath. {Bal'neum cal'idum.*) Tem- 
perature from 98° to 112° Fahr. 
Tem'perate Bath. {Bal'neum tem- 
pera'tum.*) Temperature from 75° to 
85° Fahr. 
Tep'id Bath. {Bal'neum tep'idum.*) 
Temperature from 85° to 92° Fahr. 
Va'por Bath. (Bal'neum vapo'ris;* 
bal'neum lacon’icum.*) Temperature from 
122° to 144-5° Fahr. When a vapor 
bath is applied only to a particular part 
of the body, it is called a fumigation, or 
vapor douche. 
Warm Bath. {Bid'neum cal'idum.*) 
Temperature from 92° to 98° Fahr.; that 
is, about that of the body. 
BAT 
77 BAT 
BEE 
Sand Bath. (Bal'nenm are'nee.*) 
This consists of an iron dish, containing 
fine sand, placed on a fire. A glass 
vessel may be immersed in this and 
gradually heated without danger of 
breaking. 
Batracliia. See Batrachius. 
Bat ra-chite. [Batraclii'tes; from 
0uT(iaxo$, a “frog,” and Auto;, a “stone.”] 
A stone like a frog; the toad-stone. 
Ba-tra'«hi-us.* [From Parpaxog, a 
“frog.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
(Batra'ehia) to an order of Reptilia: 
batra'chian. 
Bal'rn-vEioitl. [Batraelioi'tles; 
from Pjrpaxos, a “frog,” and ethos, a 
“form.”] Resembling a frog. 
Bat'ra-clius.* [Gr. fiarpaxo;, a 
“frog.”] The same as Ranula, which 
see. 
Bat'te-py, E-lec'tric-al. A series 
of coated jars, or of pieces of cupper and 
zinc, for producing electrical or electro- 
chemical action. 
BaS/tery, Gal-van'ic. A combina- 
tion of several pairs of zinc and copper 
plates soldered together, and so arranged 
that the same metal shall always be on 
the same side of the compound plate. 
Bauliin (bo'ax0'), Val'vule of. A 
valve in the caocum, whose ofiice it is to 
prevent the return of the excrementi- 
tious matters from the csecum into the 
small intestine. The extremities of its 
two lips form ruga) in the straight part 
of the caecum, called by Morgagni frsena 
of the valvule of Bauhiti. 
Batune, borne. The French for 
Balsam, which see. 
Baiinic tie "Vie, bom dch \L (“ Balm 
of life.”) The compound decoction of 
aloes. 
Bay Ber'Hes. [Bac'cse Lau'ri.] 
The berries of the Laurusnobilis, or Sweet 
Bay. A solid substance is extracted 
from them, called laurin, or camphor of 
the bay berry. 
Bay Clier'ryr, Bay Eau'rel. The 
Primus laurocerasus. 
Bay Salt. Chloride of sodium, or com- 
mon salt, as obtained by solar evapora- 
tion on the shores of the Mediterranean. 
Btlella. Sec Hiritdo. 
Btlol'li-uin.* A name applied to 
two gum-resinous substances. One of 
these is the Indian bdellium, or false 
myrrh, procured from the Am'yris com- 
miph'ora. The other is called African 
bdellium, and is obtained from the Heu- 
deln'tia Africa'na. 
Bdellometer, del-lom'e-ter. [Btlel- 
lom'eirnm; from /?A'AA«, a “leech,” 
and libfioii, a “measure.”] An instru- 
ment intended as a substitute for the 
leech. 
Bead'ed. [Oranula'tns,] Applied 
to routs kn<;tted, like beads strung closely 
together. 
'-Proof. A term denoting the 
strength of spirituous liquors, as shown 
by the continuance of the bubbles or 
beads on the surface. 
Beak. [Ros'trum.] The tubular 
portion of a retort. In Ornithology, the 
prolongation of the mouth, or substance 
investing the mandibles, almost always 
horny, and of various forms, according 
to the kind of food used by each species; 
the bill. 
Bean of St. Ignatius. See Strych- 
nos Ignatia. 
Beartl'etl. [Barba'tus.] Having 
a beard, or some beard-like appendage. 
Bear's Ber'ry, Bear's BU'ber-ry, 
Bear's '\YIior'tIe-ber-ry. The Arc- 
tostaphylos uva ursi, formerly called 
Arbutus uva ursi, . 
Be-bee-rin'. [Rebeeri'na.] A vege- 
table alkali discovered in the Bebeeru, 
or green-heart tree, of British Guiana. 
Bebeeru, or Bibiru, be-be'roo. A 
tree of British Guiana, the timber of 
which is known to wood-merchants by 
the name of Green-heart. It yields a 
substance, called bebeerin, of antipe- 
riodic properties. 
Bec'ca-bun'ga.* [From the Ger- 
man Bachbungen, “water-herb.”] Spe- 
cific name of Veron'ica Reecabun'ga. 
Bocdofuillor(Fr.),bek deh kw£'y&'. 
An instrument for extracting balls. 
Bee tie Ufevrc. See Hare-Lip. 
Bechic, bek'ik. [Beeh'ieus; from 
Phi, “cough.”] Belonging to, or 
relieving, a cough. 
Beoliiea,* bek'e-ka. [See preceding 
article.] A general term for medicines 
tending to relieve cough of any kind. 
Bedegar, or Bedeguar, bed'e-gar. 
A remarkable gall, termed sweet-brier 
sponge, found on various species of Rosa, 
and produced by the puncture of several 
species of insects, more especially the 
Cyn i/is Rosee. 
Beer. [Cerevi'sia: Fr. Cervoise, 
seR'vwSz'.] The fermented infusion of 
malted barley, flavored with hops. The 
term “ beer” is also applied to beverages 
consisting of a saccharine liquor par- 
tially advanced into the vinous fermen- 
tation and flavored with peculiar sub- 
stances, as spruce-beer, ginger-beer, etc. 
78 Bees'tinjp*. The first milk taken 
from the cow after calving. 
Bees’ Wax. [Ce'ra.] Wax obtained 
from the comb of the Apis mellijiea. See 
Cera. 
Begoniacese,* be-go-ne-a'she-e. A 
natural order of plants, mostly herba- 
ceous, found in the tropics, including 
the Begonia. They are prized for their 
showy flowers. 
Be-lem'nite. [Belenmi'tes; from 
(ii\eyvov, a “ dart.”] The arrow-stone, or 
fossil thunder-bolt; the petrified remains 
of certain sea-animals belonging to the 
same class with the Nautilus. They are 
slender, straight, and conical or sharp at 
one end. Often found in chalk. 
Bel-la-don'na.® [It. a “handsome 
lady;” the juice being used as a cos- 
metic.] The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. 
Ph.) for the leaves of At'ropa belladon'na. 
It is a powerful narcotic. When applied 
to the eye, it has the remarkable property 
of greatly dilating the pupil. 
Hel-hi-<!mi ii;«‘ Fo'li-iiin (“Leaf 
of Belladonna”), and Belladon'ntr Ka'- 
dir5 (“ Root of Belladonna”). See Bel- 
ladonna. 
Bell-.tlet/al. An alloy of copper, 
zinc, and tin, used for bells, mortars, etc. 
Bellows’-Sound. See Bruit de 
SOUFFLET. 
Belly. See Abdomen, Alvus, Venter. 
Bel'o-noid. [Belonoi'des; from 
lff-Mvr), a “bodkin,” and ru5o>, a “form.”] 
Resembling a bodkin. Applied to pro- 
cesses of bone: styloid. 
Belvisiacese,® bel-vis-e-a'she-e. 
[From Belvis'ia, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous plants, found 
only in Africa. It includes the Napo- 
leona imperialis. 
Belvisiesc. See Belvisiace-e. 
Ben, Oil of. The expressed oil of 
Ben-nut, or the Morynga pterygo-sperma, 
remarkable for not becoming rancid for 
many years. 
Bon-e-diet us.- [From benedi'co, 
benedic' turn, to “ bless.”] Literally, 
“blessed.” A term prefixed to compo- 
sitions and herbs on account of their 
supposed good qualities: thus, antimo- 
nial wine was termed benedictum vinum, 
etc. 
Benja-min. A corruption of Ben- 
zoin. See Benzoinum. 
Benjamin Flow'ers. Benzoic acid. 
Benne I.eaves. See Sesamum. 
Benzine. See Mineral Turpentine. 
Ben'zo-ate. [Ben'zoas, at/*.] A 
combination of benzoic acid with a base. 
BEE 
Ben-zoic. [Benzo'icus.] Applied 
to an acid obtained from gum benzoin. 
Ben-zo-if'e-ra.® [From benzo'inum, 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] A name applied 
to the tree. commonly known as the 
Styrax benzoin. 
Benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
Ben'zw-in, Ben'zo-ine. [llenzoi- 
na.] A compound obtained from oil 
of bitter almonds. 
Ben-zo'i-niiin.® [Arab. Benzo'ah.~\ 
The Pharmacopoeial name of gum ben- 
zoin ; obtained from the Styrax benzoin. 
It is a stimulant and expectorant. The 
inhalation of the vapor of benzoin has 
been recommended in chronic laryngitis. 
Berbeiracese. See Berberidacej®. 
Berberidaceae,® ber-ber-e-da'she-e, 
or Ber-ber-id'e-se.* A natural order 
of plants, named after the Berberis (Bar- 
berry, or Berberry), which is the most 
important genus it contains. 
Ber'ber-in. [Berber!'na.] An 
alkaline substance obtained from the 
Berberis vulgaris. 
Ber ga-mot. An essence prepared 
from the rind of the Citrus bergarnia, 
otherwise called Citrus mella rosa. 
Bergmelil (Ger.), heRG'mal. Lite- 
rally, “mountain meal;” an earth, found 
in Sweden, resembling fine flour, and 
celebrated for its nutritious qualities. It 
is found to be composed entirely of the 
shells of microscopic animalcules. 
Beriberi, ba-re-ba/re. A spasmodic 
rigidity of the lower limbs, etc.; an 
acute disease occurring in India, and 
commonly considered the same as Bar- 
biers,—but the latter is a chronic disease. 
The word beriberi is, in all probability, 
derived from the reduplication of the 
Hindoo word beri, signifying irons or 
fetters fastened to the legs of criminals, 
elephants, etc. A person afflicted with 
this disease is literally “fettered.” 
Berlin Blue. See Prussian Blue. 
Ber'ry. A pulpy, indehiscent peri- 
carp, having the seeds scattered loosely 
in the pulp; as the grape, gooseberry, etc. 
Berlin (beR'taNo'), Spon'&y Bones 
of. Two small, triangular, turbinated 
bones, often found beneath the small 
opening of the sphenoidal sinus. 
Bijr'yl. [Gr. jS/jpuAXo;.] A variety of 
the emerald, a mineral or gem usually 
of a green color of various shades, pass- 
ing into honey-yellow and sky-blue. 
When colored green by oxide of chro- 
mium, it forms the true emerald, and 
when colorless and transparent, aqua- 
marina. 
BER 
79 BET 
a 'till; from bi-, “two,” and carbo'nas, a 
“carbonate.”] Two equivalents of car- 
bonic acid combined with one of base. 
lii-cmiiia!. [Bi<*aii<Ia'lis; from 
bi-, “two,” and van'da, a “tail.”] Hav- 
ing two tails. Applied to a muscle. 
Bl-ce-plia'll-nm.* [From b in, 
“twice” or “twofold,” and sc/aXh, the 
“head.”] A large sarcoma on the head, 
as if another were grown upon it. 
Bi-v'eph'a-loiiM. [Biceph'alus; 
from the same.] Having two heads. 
Bi'cops,* gen. Bi-t-ip'I-tis. [From 
bi-, “two,” and ca'piit, the “head.”] 
Having two heads. Applied to a muscle 
of the arm, and to one of the thigh. 
Bicliat Oa-nal' of. A 
small round hole above the pineal gland, 
opening into the third ventricle of the 
brain : called also the arachnoid canal. 
Bi-flilo'ritlc «l‘ Mer'cu-ry. Cor- 
rosive sublimate. 
Bi-cip'f-tal. [Bieipita'Iis.] Be- 
longing to the biceps muscle. 
Bi-con'jii-gatc. [Biroiijnga'tiis; 
from bi-, “two,” and con'jugo, to “yoke 
together.”] In pairs. 
Bi-cor'nous. [Bioor'nis; from hi-, 
“two,”and cor'n«,a“horn.”] Two-horned. 
Bi-eus'pid, or Bl-cus'pl-tlate. [Bi- 
eiispis, Blcusplda'tuS; from bi-, 
“two,” and cvs'pis, the “point of a 
spear.”] Having two points. See Tooth. 
Bi-den'tal. [Bi'dens, cn'tis, Bi- 
denta'lis; from bi-, “two,” and dens, a 
“tooth.”] Having two teeth. 
Bi-dcn'tate. [Bidcnta'tus: from 
the same.] Having two teeth. 
Bi-di&'i-tate. [Bidigita'tns: from 
hi-, “two,” and diy'itus, a “finger.”] 
Having two fingers. 
BI-dig-I'ti-Pin-iia'tiis.* [From the 
same, and pinna'tus, “pinnate.”] Ap- 
plied to a pinnate leaf with two leaflets 
at the end of the common petiole. 
Bi-cn'ni-al. j Bien nis; from bi- 
en'ninm (bi-,“ two,” and an'nus,a “year”), 
the “space of two years.”] Of two 
years’ duration. 
Ili-la'ri-ous. j Itif’a'rins : from bi-, 
“two,” andfa'ri, to “speak.”] Having a 
double meaning ; pointing two ways. 
Rifrr-ons. [Bi'fer, Biferus: from 
bi- for bis, “twice,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing twice in the year. 
Bi'ffid. [Bifidus; from bi-, “two,” 
and Jin'do, to “cleave.”] Divided into 
two: cleft. 
Bl-flo'rons, or Bi-flo’rat«. [Bi- 
llo'rus; from bi-, “two,” and //os, a 
“flower.”] Having two flowers. 
BIF 
Be'tef. A famous masticatory em- 
ployed in the East, consisting chiefly 
of the areca, betel, or pinang nut, the 
produce of the Areca Catechu, or Catechu 
Palm. A portion of t’a;: nut is rolled up 
with a little lime in the leaf of the Piper 
betel, and the whole chewed. 
Betulaceae,* bet-u-la'she-e, Bet-w- 
lin e-ae.* [From bet'ula, a “birch- 
tree.”] A natural order of trees, consist- 
ing of the various kinds of Birch and 
Alder. These trees formed part of the 
Jussieuan order Amentacese. 
Betulaceons, bet-u-la'shus, or 
Bet-n-lin'e-ous. [ Bctiiln'ceiis, Bet- 
ulin'eus; from bet’ula, the “birch- 
tree.”] Having an arrangement as in 
the Betula. See Betui,ACE.*. 
Bc-zo'ar, or lis'-zo ani. [Pers. Pa- 
zahar; from pa, “against,” and zahar, 
a “poison.”] A calculous concretion 
sometimes found in the stomach, in- 
testines, and bladder of certain land- 
animals,. such as the ox, horse, deer. 
These concretions were formerly con- 
sidered to possess wonderful medicinal 
virtues, and to be completely efficacious 
not only against poisons, but also against 
pestilential and other diseases. 
Bez'o-ar'dics. A class of medicines 
supposed to possess virtues similar to 
those of the bezoar. 
Bhang, b’hang, or bang. The Can'- 
nabis In’dica, or Indian Hemp. A plant 
common in India, containing powerful 
narcotic properties. It is used in various 
forms by the people of India for the 
purpose of intoxication. The tops and 
tender parts of the plant, when dried, 
constitute the hashish (h&-sheesh') of the 
Arabs. See Cannabis Indica. 
BI-. [From bis, “twice.”] A prefix 
in certain compound names, signifying 
two, or twice; as biceps, “two-headed.” 
Bib.= Bibe.* “Drink” (imperative 
mood of the verb bibo). 
Bi-ba'sic. [Blbas'icus; from bi-, 
“two,” and ba'sis, a “base.”] Having two 
bases, as the tartrate of potash and soda. 
Bib-i-to'ri-iis.® [From bi'bo, bib'i- 
tnm, to “drink.”] A former name of 
the rectus interims oculi, from its drawing 
the eye inwards towards the nose, and 
thus directing it into the cup in drinking. 
Bib'u-lous. [Bib'iilus; from bi'bo, 
to “drink.”] Attracting moisture; ab- 
sorbing. 
Bi-cap'su-lar. [Bicapsula'ris; 
from bi-, “two,” and cap'sula, a “cap- 
sule.”] Having two capsules. 
Bl-ear'bo-natc. [BIcarbo'nas, 
80 BIF 
BIN 
Bl-fo'rate, or Bi-fo'rous. [Bifo- 
ra'tas, Bil'orus; from bi-, “two,” and 
fn’res, a “ door.”] Having two entries 
or apertures. 
Bi-fur'cate. [Bifurca'tns; from bi-, 
“two,” and fur’ea, a “fork.”] Divided 
into two, like a fork. 
Bi-fur-ca'tion. [Bifurca'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A dividing into two, 
as a fork into its prongs. 
Bi-gas'ter.* [From bi-, “two,” and 
yarrrip, the “belly.”] The same as Bi- 
VENTEK. 
Bi-tfe m'l-nate. [Bigemina'tns; 
from bi-, and gem,'ini, “ twins.”] Ap- 
plied in Botany to leaves having two 
secondary petioles, each of which has a 
pair of leaflets. 
Bignoniaceae,* big-no-ne-a'she-e. A 
natural order of plants, including the 
Bigno'nia (trumpet-flower) and Catalpa. 
Many of them are trees or twining 
plants remarkable for the beauty of 
their flowers. 
Bignoniaceous, big-no-ne-a'shus. 
[Bignonia'ceus; from Bigno'nia, the 
“trumpet-flower.”] Having an arrange- 
ment as in the Bignonia. See Bigno- 
NIACE*. 
Bignonise,* big-no'ne-e, the plural 
of Bigno'nia, forming the Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
BlGNONIACE/E. 
Bl-ho'rl-us.* [From bi-, “two,” and 
ho'ra, an “hour.”] Enduring two hours. 
Bi'ju-gate. [Bijuga'tns, or Bij'u- 
giix; from bi-, “two,” and ju'gum, a 
“ y ike.”] Double-yoked; in two pairs. 
Bi'labe. [Bila'bium? probably from 
bis, “twice,” or “two,” and la'bium, a 
“lip.”] An instrument for extracting 
foreign bodies of sufficiently moderate 
size from the bladder through the ure- 
thr i. 
Bl-la'bl-ate. [Bilabia'tni; from hi,-, 
and la'bium, a “lip.”] Havin g two lips. 
Bi-Ia-eln'I-ate. [Bilacinia'tus; 
from bi-, and lacinia'tus, “fringed.”] 
Double-fringed. 
Bl-lam'el-late. [Bilamella'tus; 
from bi-, and lamella'tus, “ having little 
plates.”] Having two layers of little 
plates. 
Bl-lat'er-al. [Bilatera’lis; from 
bi-, and laterallis, “pertaining to the 
side.”] Applied to leaves proceeding 
from different points as well as different 
sides, and so somewhat distinct from 
opposite. 
Bile. [Bi'lis, or Fel; Gr. ; Fr. 
Bile, Ml, and Fiel, fe-el'.] The gall, or 
peculiar Secretion of the liver. It is a 
viscid fluid, of a greenish-yellow color, 
and exceedingly bitter, whence the pro- 
verb “bitter as gall.” The bile or 
gall of the ox (bi'lis bovi'na) has often 
been used medicinally as a tonic and 
anthelmintic, and as a laxative in cases 
of deficient biliary secretion. It has also 
been supposed to possess great healing 
virtues when applied externally to bruises 
and other sores. 
Bill isi-ry. [Bilia'ris.] Belonging 
to the bile. 
Bi'Iin, or Bi'line. [Bili'na; from 
bi'lis.] A gummy, pale-yellow mass, 
considered to be the principal constitu- 
ent of the bile. 
Bilious, bil'yus. [Bilio'sus ; from 
bi'lis.] Having much bile, full of bile, 
or relating to the bile. 
Bil-I-plie'in. [Biliptiiei’na; from 
bi'lis, and <paiog, “of a brown color.”] 
The most important coloring matter of 
the bile. 
Bilis. See Brr.E. 
Bills Atra. See Melancholia. 
Bi'lis Bo-vi'na.® The Latin term 
for ox’s gall. See Biljs. 
Bil-I-ver'<lin. [Bilivciuli'ua; Fr. 
7?(Ye, and vert, “green-color.”] A green 
substance obtained from the yellowish 
coloring matter of bile. 
Bi-lo’bate. [From hi-, “two,” and 
Mog, a “lobe.”] Having two lobes. 
Bi-loc'u-lar. [Bilocula'ris; from 
bi-, “two,” and loc'ulus, a “little cell.”] 
Having two cells. 
Bim'a-nous. [Bim'anns; from 
hi-, “two,” and ma'nus, a “hand,”] 
Having two hands. Applied in the j ,u- 
ral neuter to an order of Mammalia, of 
which man constitutes the only genus. 
Bi-mes'tris.® [From bi-, “two,"’ 
and men'sis, a “month.”] Of two 
months: two months old. 
Bin-. The same as Bi-, the n being 
added for the sake of euphony before a 
vowel; as, binoxalate, etc. 
Bi'na-ry'. [Bina'rins; from bi'nus, 
“by couples.”] Consisting of two, as 
two elements, two measures, etc. 
Bi'nate. [Bina'tus; from In-, “two,” 
and na'tus, “born,” “produced.”] Grow- 
ing in pairs or couples. 
Bi-ner'vate, Bi-nor’vl-ous. [Bs- 
ner'vatus, Biner'vius: from hi-, and 
nervn'tus, “nerved.”] Having two nerves. 
Bi-noc'u-lar. [Binoctila'ris; from 
bin-, “two,” and oc'nlus, the “eye.”] 
Having the use of both eyes. 
BI-noc'u-lus.* [From bin-, and oc'~ 
81 BIN 
BIT 
ulus, the “eye.”] Applied in Surgery 
to a bandage for maintaining dressings 
on both eyes. Also the name of an ani- 
mal resembling the king-crab. 
Bi-nox 'a-late. [Binox'alas, a ’tis ; 
from bin-, “ two,” or “ twice,” and ox'alas, 
an “oxalate.”] A combination of an ex- 
cess of oxalic acid with a base. 
Bii-o-dyn-am'ics. [Biodynam'ica; 
from (Bo;, “life,” and ivragi;, “power.”] 
The doctrine or science of the vital 
forces. 
BI-ol'o-gy. [Biolo'gia; from (Bo;, 
“life,” and Aoyo;, a “discourse.”] The 
doctrine or science of life. 
Bi-ol'y-sis.* [From (Bo;, “ life,” and 
\vu), to “dissolve,” to “destroy.”] The 
destruction of life. 
Bi-o-lyt'ic. [Biolyt'icus; from the 
same.] Destroying or impairing life. 
Applied to agents of a deleterious 
quality, as the more powerful acids, 
narcotics, etc. 
B5i-o-m;ij;'-Bie-t is'isssis.® [From (Bo;, 
“life,” and magnetis'mus, “magnetism.”] 
Another name for animal magnetism. 
Bi-pur'tite. [Biparti'tus; from 
hi-, “two,” and par'tio, to “divide.”] 
Divided deeply into two. 
Bi-pel'tate. [Blpel'tatus; from 
bi-, “two,” and pel’ta, a “target” or 
“buckler.”] Having two shields. Ap- 
plied to a family of the Crusta'cea Sto- 
map'oda. 
Bi'pes,* gen. Bip'ed-is. [From hi-, 
“two,” and pes, a “foot.”] Having two 
feet: bi'ped. 
Bi-pin'nate. [Bipinna'tus; from 
bi-, “two,” and pin'na, a “leaflet.”] 
Having double leaflets. 
Ri-pin-nat'i-lid. [ Bi pinna til - 
idus; from bi-, “two,” and pinnatif'i- 
eftrs.] Doubly pinnatifid. 
Bird'lime. [Vis'cus.] A glutinous 
substance prepared from the bark of the 
holly. It contains resin, which has been 
called viscina. 
Bi-ros'trate. [Birostra'tus, Bi- 
ros'tris; from bi-, and ros'trum, a 
“beak.”] Having two beaks. 
Bl-sex'u-al. [Bisexiia'lis; from 
bi-, and sexua’lis.\ Of both sexes. 
Bis. ind. — Bis in di es.* “Twice 
daily.” 
Bis'inutli. [Bi.sinut hum. Ger. 
Bis'mut.] A yellowish-white metal, found 
generally native or in the metallic state. 
Ris-mu'thi Subnitras. See next 
article. 
Ri.s-nm'ttmm Al'bum.* The Phar- 
rjacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) of the tris- 
nitrate of bismuth: flake-white, or pearl- 
white, sometimes called the subnitrate 
of bismuth (Hismuthi subnitras). 
Bis-tor'ta,* or Itis lort. [From bis, 
“twice,” and tor'queo, to “twist:” so 
named from the form of the root.] See 
next article. 
Bis-tor'tae Radix.* The root of 
the Polygonum bistorta, Great Bistort or 
Snake-Weed. 
Bistoury, bis'tur-e. [Fr. Bistouri ; 
from Pistori, a town where it was manu- 
factured.] A small knife, or scalpel, for 
surgical purposes. There are the straight, 
the curved, and the probe-pointed, which 
is also curved. 
Bis'tre. A brown color, made of 
wood-soot boiled and evaporated. Beech- 
soot is said to make the best. 
Bi-sul'pliato. [ Ri.su 1'phas. a'tis; 
from bi-, “two,” and sul'phas.\ A com- 
bination of two equivalents of sulphuric 
acid with one of the base. 
Bi-sul'pliite. [Bisul'pliis, i’tis; 
from bi-, “two,” and sul’phis.] A com- 
bination of two equivalents of sulphur- 
ous acid with one of the base. 
Bi-tar'trate. [Bitar tras, a'ti«; 
from hi-, and tar’tras.] A supersalt with 
twice as much tartaric acid as the corre- 
sponding neutral salt. 
Bi-ter'nate. [Biterna'tus; from 
bis, “twice,” and terna'tus.] Twice ter- 
nate, or doubly threefold. 
Bit'ter Alm onds, Wat'er of, or 
Bit'ter Almond Wafer. [A'qnn 
Amyg'dalm Amaru1, or A'qua 
Aniyg-dalu'i-um Aina'rum.] In this 
preparation there are sixteen minims of 
the oil of bitter almonds to two pints of 
water, or half a minim to a fluidounce. 
It is employed as a vehicle for other 
medicines in nervous coughs and spas- 
modic affections. 
Bit'ter Ap'ple, Bit'ter Cu'euin- 
ber, llifter ttourd. The plant and 
fruit of Cucumis colocynthis. 
Bit'ter Prin'el-ple. A peculiar 
principle, on the presence of which the 
bitter quality of certain vegetables de- 
pends ; as in the wood of quassia, gen- 
tian root, the hop, etc. 
Bit ter-Sweet. The Solanum Dul- 
camara, which see. 
Bit'ter-ing’. Corruptly called Bit- 
tern. A preparation for adulterating 
beer, composed of Cocculus Indicus, liq- 
uorice, tobacco, quassia, and sulphate of 
iron or copperas. A similar preparation 
is sold under the name of “bitter trails.” 
Bit'tern. The water remaining after 
82 BIT 
BLA 
the crystallization of common salt from 
sea-water or salt springs. 
Slit ters. [Aina'ra.J A term ap- 
plied to several medicinal substances, 
expressing their quality as particularly 
perceptible to the taste, and which are 
further distinguished into aromatic, pure, 
and styptic bitters. 
Bi-t u nion, minis.* [As ifpittu'men ; 
from nirra, “pitch.”] A name for cer- 
tain inflammable mineral substances, of 
different consistencies ranging from fluid 
to solid. 
Bitu men Bar-ba-den'se.* The 
Peiroleum of the Pharmacopoeias (Lond. 
and Ed.), or “Barbadoes Tar.” 
BUtuinin-I-za'tion. [Bitumini- 
za'tio, o'«)s.] The transformation of 
organic matter into bitumen, as wood 
into coal, and the romains of vegetable 
substances into peat. 
Bi-tu'min-ons. [Bitumino'sus; 
from bitu'men.] Of the nature of bitu- 
men. 
Bi'valve. [Bival'vis; from bi-, and 
val'va, a “ valve.”] Having two valves. 
Bi-ven'ter.* [From bi-, and ven'ter, 
the “belly.”] Double-belly. A faulty 
term used for Dujastricus; also called 
Phi aster. 
Bixacese,* bix-a'she-e. A natural 
order of tropical trees and shrubs, in- 
cluding the Bixa, which produces arnotto 
or annotto, used to color cheese. 
Black Beath. [Lat. Mors Ni gra, 
or 3*es'tis .Nigra; Fr. Peste Noir, pest 
nwia.] The name given in Germany 
an 1 the North of Europe to an Oriental 
plague which occurred in the fourteenth 
century, characterized by inflammatory 
boils and black spots on the skin, indi- 
cating putrid decomposition. In Italy 
it was called la mortaletja grande, “tho 
great mortality.” In many of its cha- 
racters this pestilence resembled tho 
present bubo plague, complicated with 
pneumonia and haemorrhages. 
Black Braugkl,. A popular purga- 
tive, consisting of the infusion of senna 
with sulphate of magnesia. 
Black Brop. [CUit'tse Ni'grse. 
Literally, “black drops.”] A solution 
of opium in verjuice, corresponding 
nearly in its medicinal properti :s to the 
Acetun Opii of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. 
One drop of this solution is equal to 
about three of laudanum. It is less apt 
to disturb or excite the nervous system 
than the latter preparation. See U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia, page 67. 
Black Flux. A mixture of charcoal 
and carbonate of potash, obtained by 
deflagrating tartar with half its weight 
of nitre. 
Black Ueafll. See Plumbago. 
Black Vom'it. [Vom'itus Ni'ger.] 
The throwing up, in certain fevers, of a 
dark-colored fluid resembling coffee- 
grounds. This fluid consists'chiefly of 
blood changed by the morbid secretions 
of the stomach. It is one of the most 
fatal symptoms attending yellow fever, 
which in Spanish is often called simply 
El vom'ito (“the vomit’’), or El vom'ito 
ne'gro (“the black vomit”). 
Black. Wash. [lo'tio Ki'gra, or 
Uo'tio Hydrar'gyri Ni'gra.] A lo- 
tion made with calomel in lime-water, 
much used for syphilitic sores. 
Bladder. [Vesi'ca.] Generally, 
the receptacle of the urine in man and 
other animals. Applied in Botany and 
Natural History to various objects and 
productions of similar appearance, as 
those of sea - wrack, the air-bag of 
fishes, etc. 
Bladder-Fu'cus, Bladder-Wrack. 
The Fucus vesiculosus. 
Bladder, Ball. See Gall-Bladder. 
Bladder, Urinary. See Urinary 
Bladder. 
Bladdery Fever. [Fe'bris Bul- 
lo'sa.] See Pemphigus. 
Blaes'i-tas, a[From fiXaurds, 
“one who has crooked legs;” also “one 
who stammers.”] The defect of speech 
termed stuttering or stammering. Some 
writers understand by it the substitution 
of soft consonants for hard,—as d for t, 
b for/), etc. See Psellismus. 
Blain. A pustule, blotch, or sore. 
See Chilblain. 
Blanc de Troyes, bloN° deh trwa. 
Spanish White, prepared chalk, or the 
Cre'ta prsepara'ta of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Blas-te'ma, atis.* [From (IXaaTuvco. 
to “germinate.”] A term applied to the 
rudimental mass of an organ in the pro- 
cess of formation. 
Blas'to-derm. [Blastoder' ma, 
sit is; from /?A aaravm, to “germinate,” 
and Sepixa, the “skin.”] A minute, thin 
membrane on that surface of the yelk 
which, whatever be the position of the 
egg, is, by apeculiararrangement, always 
uppermost; the germinal membrane, or 
Cicatricula. 
Blas-to-der'snic. [Blastoder'- 
micus.] Belonging to the blastoderm. 
Blastoder mic Vcs'i-cle. [Vcsic - 
ula Blastoder'mica.] A distinct en- 
velope immediately surrounding the 
83 BLA 
BLE 
yelk, and covered by the vitelline mem- 
brane,- afterwards called the umbilical 
vesicle. 
Blas-to-gen 'e-sis.* [From /JXaerdj, 
a “sprout,” and yevepiq, “generation.”] 
The multiplication of plants by means 
of buds. 
Bleach. [From the German hlei'chen, 
to “whiten.”] To whiten by the re- 
moval of, or by changing the nature of, 
the coloring matter in any substance. 
See next article. 
Bleacli'ing. [Bealba'tio; from de, 
intensive, and ul'bus, “white.”] The 
chemical process of lohitening linen or 
woollen stuffs. Linen is usually bleached 
by means of chlorine or a solution of 
chloride of lime. Woollen stuffs are 
bleached by exposure to the vapor of 
sulphurous acid. 
Bleach'ing Pow'der. Chloride of 
lime, formerly called oxymuriate of lime; 
prepared by exposing hydrate of lime 
gradually to chlorine gas. 
Bluach'ing Liq'uiu. [Fr. Eau de 
Jave/le, o d§h zh&'vell'.] This is the 
preceding compound obtained in solution 
by transmitting a stream of chlorine gas 
through hydrate of lime suspended in 
water. 
Blear'-Eye. A chronic catarrhal in- 
flammation of the eyelids. 
Bleb. See Bulla. 
Bleeding-. See Bloob-Letting, 
Hemorrhage. 
Blende, blend. [Perhaps from the 
Saxon blen'dan, to “mix together.”] 
The native sulphuret of zinc in black 
crystals, and called by miners blackjack. 
The term is sometimes applied to other 
ores, as manganese blende, etc. 
Blen'nad-e-ni'tis, i dis.* [From 
lThteva, “mucus,” and adeni'tis.] Inflam- 
mation of mucous glands. 
Blen’ne-lyt'rl-a.® [From 0\evva, 
“mucus,” and eXvrpoi/, a “sheath.”] Same 
as Leucorrhcea. 
Blen'nen-te'rl-a.* [From ffXtvva, 
“mucus,” and errepov, an “intestine.”] 
Mucous flow from the intestines. 
Blen'n»-gen 'ic. [Blen'nogen 'i- 
ens; from pXievn, “mucus,” and yevvaio, 
to “generate.”] Generating mucus; 
muciparous. 
Blen-nog'e-nns.* The same as 
Blennogenic, which see. 
Blen'sio-nie-tri'tis, idis* [From 
(?Xtvi/a, “mucus,” and metri'tis.] Mucous 
flow accompanying Metritis. 
Bleii'iioph-tlisU'ml-a.* [From 
B\keva, “mucus,” and ophthal'mia.] In- 
flammation of the mucous membrane of 
the eye. 
Bleii-nor-rha'gi-a.* [From ffXtvva, 
“mucus,” and firiyvvpi, to “break” or 
“burst.”] Literally, a “bursting forth 
of mucus hence, an excessive discharge 
of mucus, or muco-purulent matter, 
more especially from the genital organs. 
Blennorrh«?a,*blen-no-re'a. [From 
/TKcwa, “mucus,” and phn, to “flow.”] A 
flowing, or excessive secretion, from mu- 
cous glands in any situation; sometimes 
applied to the increased secretion in the 
urethra and vagina of an infectious 
purulent or muco-purulent discharge, 
and called Gonorrhoea. See Baptor- 
RIICEA. 
Blcnnorrhae'a diron't-ca.* Gleet; 
also named Catarrhus ni ethralis. 
Hlcniioi-i-lioc'a Simplex.' In- 
creased secretion of mucus from the 
urethra. 
Blen-ny'inen. eni«* [From fiXivva, 
“mucus,” and vprjv, a “membrane.”] A 
mucous membrane. 
Blen-nynie-ni'tis, idle.* [From 
“mucus.”] Inflammation of a 
mucous membrane. 
Blepli ar-ad'e-ni'tfs, Idis* [From 
/3\apnpov, the “eyelid,” and aShv, a 
“gland.”] Inflammation of the Meibo- 
mian glands. 
Blephar-i'tls, idis* [From (3\c<pa- 
pov, the “eyelid.”] Inflammation of the 
eyelids. 
Bloph'ar-on'cus.* [From fi\uj>apov, 
the “eyelid,” and dy*-<k, a “tumor.”] A 
tumor on the eyelid. 
Blopli'ar-oph-tbftl'ml-a.* [From 
/3\e(papor, the “eyelid,” and 6(j)6a\pia, “in- 
flammation of the eye.”] Inflammation 
of the eye and eyelids coexisting. 
Iilcpti ur-opti-t tiiil inic. [ Blcph'- 
aroplithal’niieus.] Belonging to 
Blepharophthalmia. 
Bleph'ar-o-plas'tic. [Blcpli'aro- 
I>las'ticus.] Belonging to blepharo- 
plasty. 
Btlopli'ar-o-plas-ly. [Blepli'aro- 
plas'tia; from p'Xhpapov, the “eyelid,” 
and jtXi'ktoo), to “form.”] An operation 
for repairing any lesion of the eyelids, 
by taking a flap from the sound parts 
contiguous. 
Bloph'ar-o-ple'gl-a.* [From P\e<t>a- 
pov, the “eyelid,” and -n\-nyh, a “stroke.”] 
The falling down of the upper eyelid 
from paralysis. 
Blepti a-rop-Jo'sis. : [From UXe/jc- 
pov, the “eyelid,” and nrwots, a “falling.’ ] 
The same as Blepharoplegia. 
84 BLE 
Blessed. See Benedict us. 
Blight, blit. The popular name of a 
slight palsy, caused by sudden cold or 
damp. ‘‘Blight in the eye” is another 
term for catarrhal ophthalmia. 
Blindness, Bay. See Nyctalopia. 
Blindness, Night; Blindness, 
Nocturnal. See Hemeralopia. 
Blis'ter. [Lat. Vesic'ula; Fr. Vessie, 
ves's<y.] A collection of serous fluid 
beneath the cuticle. In common lan- 
guage, the plaster itself [Lat. Vesica- 
to'rium; Fr.Vesicatoire, vi'sAk&'tw&R'] 
which produces the blis‘er. See Bulla. 
Blister-Bee'tie, Blister-Fly. See 
Cantharis. 
Blis tered. See Bullatus. 
Blis'ters, Fly ing. [Fr. Vesicatoires 
volants, vo'Ion0'.] A mode 
of treatment employed by the conti- 
nental practitioners for the purpose of 
insuring a more diffusive counter-irrita- 
tion. According to this plan, the blister 
remains only till it produces a rubefa- 
cient effect; a second blister is then ap- 
plied to some other part, and so on in 
succession. 
Blood. [Lat. San guis, inis ; Gr. aljua ■ 
Fr. Sang, son0.] The red fluid which 
circulates through the cavities of the 
heart, the arteries and veins. Every 
organ of the body, and every tissue, is 
nourished by the blood, which is also 
the source of every secretion. It is red 
and usually warm in vertebrated ani- 
mals, but cold and white for the most 
part in the Invertebrata. 
Blood contains albumen in three states 
of modification :—viz., albumen prop- 
erly so called, fibrin, and red particles. 
On coagulation it separates into— 
Sb'rum.* A yellowish liquid, contain- 
ing albumen and various saline matters 
suspended in water ; and 
Crassamen'tum,® called also Cru'or.* 
A red solid, consisting of fibrin and red 
particles. 
Blood'-Let-ting. [Nis'sio Smi'- 
guiuis, or Betrac'tio San guinis.] 
A term embracing every artificial dis- 
charge of blood for the cure or preven- 
tion of disease. It is general, as in vene- 
section and arteriotomy, or topical, as 
in the application of leeches, cupping- 
glasses. or by scarification. 
Blood'-Sliot. A distension or preter- 
natural fulness of the blood-vessels of 
the eye, from inflammation or other 
cause. See Hyperemia. 
Blood stone. [ lla‘tuali tes.| A 
species of chalcedony supposed to be 
useful in stopping a bleeding from tho 
nose. 
Blood-Stroke. See Coup de Sang, 
Bloody Flux. See Dysentery. 
Blossom. See Corolla. 
Blow'-Pipe. A simple, tapering, 
tube-like instrument of silver or brass, 
used for the purpose of inflation; also 
for directing a stream of air into the 
flame of a lamp, which thus assumes a 
conical form, at the point of which the 
heat is equal to that of a powerful fur- 
nace. 
The oxy-hydrogen blow-pipe is an ap- 
paratus for producing intense heat, by 
supplying a stream of hydrogen with 
pure oxygen, so that the two gases issuo 
together in the form of a jet from the 
nozzle of the blow-pipe. The heat pro- 
duced by this apparatus (which is also 
called the compound blow-pipe) is so in- 
tense as to quickly fuse substances com- 
pletely infusible by any other means 
except a powerful galvanic battery or a 
very large burning lens. 
Bine Black. Another name for 
ivory-black, or the ebnr ustum; from its 
bluish hue. 
Blue Bisease. [Mor'bus Csern'- 
leus.] See Cyanosis. 
Blue John. A name given by miners 
to fluor spar; also called Derbyshire 
spar. 
Blue Mass, [Mas'sa de Ilydrar'- 
gyro.] A substance formed by rub- 
bing metallic mercury with conserve 
of roses until all the globules disappear. 
Of this mass blue pills are made. This 
is regarded as one of the mildest prepa- 
rations of mercury. See Pilule IIy- 
DRARGYRI. 
Blue Oint'inent. The Unyuentum 
hydrargyri. 
Blue Fills. The Pilnlte hydrargyri. 
See Blue Mass. 
Blue Pot. Another term for a black- 
lead crucible, made of a mixture of 
coarse plumbago and clay. 
Blue, Prussian. See Prussian 
Blue. 
Blue Stone, Blue Vit'rl-ol. [Cse- 
rn'leus lai pis. ] The sulphate of cop- 
per (Sulphas cupri). 
Blunt Hook. [Embryul'cus.] An 
instrument used in Obstetrical Surgery. 
B. M. = Bal'neum mart's*.* A “ water- 
bath.” 
Boat'-Shai>ed. See Navicular and 
Scaphoid. 
Bod'jr. [Lat. Cor pus, Cor ports; 
Gr. (nS/ia; Fr. Corps, koR.] Any mass 
BOD 
85 BOG 
BOR 
or portion of matter. In a more re- 
stricted sense, the material part of man 
cr of any animal, considered separately 
from the soul or life. The term is 
often employed synonymously with 
“ trunk.” 
Bog-Bean'. The common name for 
Menyan'th.es trifolia'ta. 
Bo-liea'. The The'a ni'gra, or black 
tea. 
Bo'him IJ'pas. A bitter gum-resin 
which exudes from incisions in the bark 
of a large tree, in Java and the neigh- 
boring islands, called Antiar, or Antikar, 
by the Javanese; the Antiaris toxic aria, 
or Ipo toxicaria, of botanists. It is a 
deadly poison. 
Boil. See Furunculus. 
Boil ing Point of W a ter, near the 
level of the sea, is 212° of Fahrenheit; 
in vacuo, 67°; under sufficient pressure, 
water may be raised almost to a red 
heat. According to the Centigrade ther- 
mometer, the boiling point is 100°; ac- 
cording to Reaumur’s, 80°. 
Boss. bw;\, the French word for 
“wood:” hence Boss Anser, bw&z 
main' (“bitter wood”), another name 
for Quassia, which see. 
Bois de Campt'die, bw& deh koM'- 
pesh'. (“Campeachy Wood.”) A name 
for Logwood. See ILematoxylum. 
Bol. = Bolus* See Bolus. 
Bole. See Bolus. 
Bo-le'tiite. [Bole'tas, a'tis.] A 
combination of boletic acid with a base. 
Bo-let'ic Av'id. An acid discovered 
in the Boletus psetido-igniarius. 
Bo-le'tus.* [From /ftoAoj, a “mass.”] 
A kind of fungus referred to the genus 
Lycoperdo n. 
Bole'tns Ig-nl-a'rl-ns.* [From 
ig'uis, “fire;” because often used as 
tinder.] The agaric of the oak, or 
touchwood. See Agaricus Quercus. 
Bole'tns 1‘ur'gans.* Larch agaric; 
formerly employed as a drastic purga- 
tive. 
Bo lus.* [Gr. 0io\0?, a “lump” or 
“mass.”] Any roundly-formed medi- 
cine, larger than an ordinary-sized pill, 
yet small enough to bo swallowed. A 
kind of argillaceous earth : bole. 
Bolus Armenia'. See Armenian 
Bole. 
Bombacese,* bom-ba'she-e. [From 
Bom'bax, the “cotton-tree.”] A natural 
order of trees, including the gigantic 
Baobab and cotton-tree of India. They 
grow in tropical countries. The cotton 
of the Bombax is too short for textile 
tissues. This order is called Sterciiliacete 
by Bindley. 
Boin'bax, n'eis.* A Linnaean genus 
of the class Alonadelphia, natural order 
Bombnceee. The cotton-tree. 
ISmn'bi-ate. [ lioin bias. a'tis.] A 
combination of bombie acid wilh abase. 
liom bie. [Bom'bicus; from 06y- 
6i’Z, a “silk-worm.”] Pertaining to the 
Bonibyx. 
Bom'bic An acid obtained 
from the silk-worm chrysalis. 
Boin'bug.* [Gr. (Jogtiof, the “buzz- 
ing of bees.”] A ringing noise in the 
ears; also, the sound of flatus moving 
through the intestines. See Tinnitus 
Aurium, and Borborygmus. 
Bone. [Lii t. Os, Os'sis; Gr. oariov; Fr. 
Os, 5.] A substance consisting chiefly 
of phosphate of lime and gelatine, form- 
ing the solid frame-work or skeleton in 
vertebrated animals. See Osteology, 
and Skeleton. 
Kone'-BInd-er. The Osteocolla. 
Bom* ICarlb. Phosphate of lime; 
the earthy basis of the bones of ani- 
mals. 
Boim* Npir'it. A brown, ammoniacal 
liquor, obtained in the process of manu- 
facturing animal charcoal from bones. 
Bon-itlandi-it Trl-lo-li-nta.* 
[Named from M. Bonplaud, the dis- 
coverer.] The former name of the tree 
affording Angustura bark, now referred 
to the Galipea cusparia. 
A$'id. An acid obtained 
from borax. 
Boraginaeete,* bo-raj -e-na'she-e. A 
natural order of plants, comprising the 
Borage (Bora'go, Bora'ginis), and pos- 
sessing mucilaginous and emollient pro- 
perties. 
Bo-ra-gin'e-se.* The Jussieuan 
name of an order of plants. See Bo- 
RAGINACEA5. 
Bo'rsite. [Bo'ras, a'ft*/ from bo- 
rag'icum af'idum.] A combination of 
boracic acid with a base. 
Bo'rax, a'<:?«.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Br. Ph.) for the borate of soda 
(So'dse Bo'ras), otherwise called biborate 
of soda (So'dx Bibo'ras). Borax is a mild 
refrigerant and diuretic; in the form of 
powder mixed with sugar, it is often 
used as a remedy for aphthrn in chil- 
dren. 
Bor-bo-rjfg'mns.* [From Boptlopvsa), 
to “produce a rumbling in the bowels.”] 
The gurgling noise produced by the 
movements of flatus in the intestines. 
Bor'ne-€n. The name given to a 
86 compound of carbon and hydrogen found 
in valeric acid, and which, on exposure 
to moisture, acquires the properties of 
Borneo camphor: it is supposed to be 
identical with liquid camphor. The 
camphor itself has been named borneol; 
and it is converted by the action of 
nitric acid into laurel camphor. 
Bor'ne-o Cam'phor, called also 
Sumatra Camphor. A crystalline solid 
found in crevices of the wood of tho 
Dryobal’anops aromat'ica. 
Bo ron. [Bo'rium.] The base of 
boracic acid. 
B«r'u-ret. [Bitriirc'tuin; from 
bo’ron.] A combination of boron with 
a simple body. 
Bos-op'ric A strong, color- 
less acid, procured from fresh cow-dung, 
of great efficacy in purifying mordanted 
cotton. A better term would be bncopric 
acid. 
Bak-wel'll-a Ser-ra'ta.® The tree 
believed to afford Olibanum. 
Butal's Hole. [Fora men Bota'le.] 
See Foramen Ovale. 
Bot-aii-ol'o-gy. [Botanolo'gia; 
from [ioravf], an “herb,” and Adyo,-, a 
“discourse.”] The science of plants; 
the same as Botany. 
Bot’a-njr. [Botan'ica; from dorarij, 
an “herb.”] That branch of Natural 
History which treats of plants, or of tho 
vegetable kingdom. 
[From 0<>O- 
pior, a little pit,” and K£j>a\h, tho 
“head.”] Another name for the Tacnia 
Lata, which see. 
Bot'ry-oid. [Botryoi'des; from 
fiiirpvs, a “ cluster of grapes.”] Resemblin g 
a cluster of grapes. 
Bat-ry-oid'al. The same as Bot- 
ryoid, which see. 
Bnttle-ftliaped. See Lagen.eeor- 
MIS. 
Batts. Small worms which breed in 
the intestines of horses: they are tho 
larvae of the CEstrus, or gadfly, wh;ch 
deposits its eggs on the hair of the horse, 
and by the licking of tho animal they 
are swallowed. 
Bot-u-Iin'ic [from hot'ulus, a “sau- 
sage”] An acid found in putrid 
sausages, supposed to be the same prin- 
ciple as Allantotoxicum. 
Bougie (Fr.), boo'zhA. [A “wax can- 
dle,” from their having formerly been 
sometimes made of wax.] A slender 
instrument for introduction into the 
urethra; also, stronger, for the rectum, 
vagina, and oesophagus. 
BOR 
Bongle', Armed, o r Bougie', Cans ’ • 
tic. A bougie with a piece of lunar 
caustic fixed in its extremity. 
Bouillon (Fr.), boo'y&N0'. A broth 
or soup made by boiling the flesh of 
animals in water. 
Bo-vi'n» Fa mes.* The disease 
Bulimia, which see. 
Brac'cate. [Braoca'tus; from 
brac'ca, “ breeches.”] Having breeches. 
Bra-ehe'ri-um.* [From bra'chium, 
the “arm.”] See Subligamen. 
Braeh-I-se'us.* Same as Brachial. 
Bra'ehi-al. [Brachia'lis; from 
bra'chium, the “arm.”] Belonging to 
the arm. 
Braeli-I-ftl'gi-a.* [From bra'chium, 
the “arm,” and aAyog, “pain.”] Pain of 
the arm, or of any part of it. 
Bra'chl-ate. [Bracliia'tus; from 
bra'chium, the “ arm.”] Having branches 
in pairs at right angles with those above 
and below. 
Bra'clil-o-. [From the same.] A 
prefix in compound names of vessels, 
ligaments, etc., connected with the arm. 
Brachiopoda. See BRACHioPonous. 
Bra-chi-op'o-dous. [Bracliiop'- 
oilus; from (Ipax'ujv, an “arm,” and 
mi,-, a “foot.”] Applied in the plural 
neuter (Brachiap’oda) to a class of Mol- 
lusca with two fleshy arms instead of feet. 
Bra'clii-um.* [Gr. fipaxiojr; Fr. 
liras, briL] The arm, from shoulder to 
wrist; strictly, from the shoulder to the 
elbow, forming the proper arm. 
Bra-eUjrp'ter-us.* [From fipaxv;, 
“short,” and nrcpdr, a “wing.”] Bra- 
chyp'terous. Applied in the neuter plural 
(Brachyp’tera) to a family of birds with 
small wings, 
Braeh-y-u'rus.® [From 0paxvs, and 
ovpi, a “ tail.”] Having a short tail; 
brachyu'rous. Applied in the plural 
neuter (Brackin’ ra) to a family of Crus- 
tacea Decapoda. 
Brac'tc-a,* plural Brac'te-se. A 
Latin term, denoting a thin leaf or plate 
of any metal. It is applied in Botany 
to all those modifications of leaves which 
are found upon the inflorescence and 
are situated between the true leaves and 
the calyx of the flower. They compose 
the involucrum of Composite, the glumes 
of Gramme®, the spathes of Arum, etc. 
Brac'te-ate. [Bracteatus; from 
brac'tea.] Having floral leaves. 
Brac-te'I-form. [Bracteifor'mis; 
from brac'tea.\ Resembling a floral leaf. 
Brac'te-ole. [Bracte'ola; diminu- 
tive of brac'tea.] A little floral leaf. 
BRA 
87 ERA 
ERE 
Brac-tc'o-latc. [Bractcola'tns.] 
Having bracteoles. 
Brad-y-sper-ma-tjiSj'mus.* [From 
fipacriif, “slow,” and aztppa, “ seed.”J Too 
slow emission of the sunen : bradysper'- 
matism. 
Brain. A word generally denoting 
the whole nervous mass within the 
cranium, or skull. See Cerebrum. 
Brain, Hattie. See Cerebellum. 
Bran. See Furfur Tritici. 
Branch. [Lat. Ra'inus; Fr. Rrancke, 
broNsh.] In Anatomy, applied to the 
several portions of blood-vessels, etc., as 
they divide, like the branches of a tree. 
Branched. See Ramosus. 
Brauchia. Sc e next article. 
Braiichise,* brank'e-e. [Gr. (ipay- 
X‘u. ] The gills, or breathing apparatus, 
in fishes, analogous to the lungs of land- 
animals. Also, the organs of respiration 
in Mollusca,Crustacea, and some Reptilia. 
Branch iopoda. See Branchiopo- 
DCS. 
Branch-I-op'o-dns.* [From 0pay- 
Xia, “gills,” and ttovs, a “foot.”] Applied 
in Zoology to an order (Branchiopoda, 
brank'e-op'o-da) of Crustacea Entomos- 
traca, in which the branchise constitute 
part of their feet. 
Branch-I-ON'ic-gal. [Branchios- 
tega'lis; from ppixyxta, “gills,” and 
ariyo, to “cover.”] Covering the gills. 
Applied in Comparative Anatomy to 
appendages of the hyoid and scapular 
arches. 
Branch-i-os'tc-ons. [Branchi- 
os'teus; from (ipdyxia, “gills,” and 
dorsov, a “bone.”] Having gills wiih 
bony rays. 
Bran dy. [Lat.Vi'nnm Adns'tnm, 
or A'qua Vi ta1: Fr. Eau de Vie, o deh 
v&; Ger. Branntwein, br&nt'wln, lite- 
rally, “burnt wine.”] The spirit dis- 
tilled from wine; one of the most popu- 
lar forms in which alcoholic spirit is 
administered. 
Bras. See Braciiium. 
Brasque, brask. A French term 
used by metallurgists to denote the 
lining of a crucible or a furnace with 
charcoal. 
Brass. [Lat. AEs, AE'ris; Fr. Airain, 
4'raN°'.] An alloy of copper and zinc. 
Common brass consists of three parts 
of copper and one of zinc. 
Brassicaceav*’ bras-se-ka'she-e. A 
name given by Lindley to an order of 
plants, including mustard, cabbage, etc. 
Brayera. See Ivousso. 
Bra-zil'-Biut. A triangular nut 
growing in Brazil; the fruit of the 
Berth olle'tia excel'ua, or cream-nut. 
Brazil-Koot. Kiulix Brazilian . 
sin.] A name sometimea»given to the 
root of the Ipecacuanha. 
Brazil'-Wood. The wood of the 
Cxsalpi'na Brazilien'sis, which yields a 
red coloring matter used by dyers. 
Braz-i-lotto. An inferior species 
of Brazil-wood, brought from Jamaica. 
It is one of the cheapest and least es- 
teemed of the red dye-woods. 
Bread-Fruit Tree. The Artoearpus 
incisa, a tree of the order Urticacese. 
It has broad, lobed leaves and large, 
globular heads of fruit. “This fruit is 
to the inhabitants of Polynesia what corn 
is to the inhabitants of other parts of 
the world.”—(Hoblyn.) 
Break-Bone Fever. See Dengue. 
Breast. The mamma of females; the 
mammilla of males ; also, popularly, the 
thorax, or chest. See Pectus. 
Breast-Bone. See Sternum. 
Breast-Pump. The same as Antlia 
Mammaria. 
Breath, [llal itus and Spir'itus.] 
The air received and discharged by ex- 
pansion and contraction of the lungs. 
Breccia, bret'chiL [It. a “frag- 
ment.”] Rock with fragmentary struc- 
ture, the agglomerated grains of which 
are angulous fragments with sharp edges. 
Brecciolar. bretch'o-lar. [Brcc- 
ciola'ris.] Applied to rocks having 
various bodies in their paste or sub- 
stance. 
Bredouillenient (Fr.), breh-dool'- 
moN°'. A defective utterance, in which 
only a part of the words is pronounced. 
It differs from stammering in being 
produced solely by a too great rapidity 
of speech. 
Breg’ma, atis* [From to 
“moisten:” so named because it was 
deemed to cover the most humid part 
of the brain.] An anatomical term for 
the sinciput, or top of the head. See 
Sinciput. 
Breph-o-tro'phl-um.* [From 
0pij)O;, an “infant,” and rpi<pa>, to “nou- 
rish.”] A foundling-hospital. 
Brrs'lau Fe'vor. An epidemic 
which broke out in the Prussian army at 
Breslau in the middle of the last century, 
and which has been named by Sauvages 
Tritreap hia Vratisla viens is. 
Brev-I-pen'natc. [Brevipcn' n is : 
from bre'ms, “short,” and pen'na, a 
“wing.”] Short-winged. A term applied 
to certain birds. 
88 Bre-vis'sl-mus Oc'u-li.® [From 
he'vis, “short,” and oc'ulus, the “eye.”] 
A synonym of the obliquus inferior, 
from its being the “ shortest [muscle] of 
the eye.” 
Brexiacese,® brex-e-a'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of trees, allied to the Saxifrages, 
with coriaceous leaves and green flowers. 
It includes the genus Brex'ia, which is a 
native of Madagascar. 
Brez'i-iin. The name applied to 
the coloring matter of Brazil-wood ob- 
tained from several species of Cxsalpinia. 
Brich'lay-er’s Itch. A species of 
local tetter, or impetigo, produced on 
the hands of bricklayers by the contact 
of lime. 
Bright’s l>is-case'. [IMTor'bns 
Brigh'tii.] A genus or group of dis- 
eases of the kidney, first described by 
Dr. Bright. See Nephritis. 
Brim stone. [Perhaps a corruption 
of Brenstone, or Burnstone, referring to 
its great combustibility.] A name for 
sulphur. The sublimed sulphur of the 
Pharmacopoeia is termed flowers of brim- 
stone or of snljthur. 
Brise-j»ierre, pe-aiR'. [From 
the French briser, to “break,” and 
pierre, a “stone.”] An instrument for 
breaking stones in the bladder. See 
Lithotrity. 
Brit ish Gum. A term applied to 
starch when reduced to a gum-like state 
by exposure to heat. It then becomes 
of a brown color, and in that state is 
employed by calico-printers. 
Brit'ish Oil. An artificial prepara- 
tion, composed as follows :—camphor, 
one ounce; rectified spirits of wine, four 
ounces ; sweet oil, twelve ounces ; oil of 
hartshorn, five ounces: boiled together. 
Thi3 name is also given to the O'leum 
Pe'trrn Vuli/a're, or common oil of petre, 
a variety of petroleum. 
Bro'dl-tim.® A term synonymous in 
Pharmacy with jusculnm, or broth, the 
liquor in which any thing is boiled; as 
bro'dium sa'lis, a decoction of salt. 
Bro'ma.® [From hasto, to “eat.”] 
Food; any thing that is masticated. 
Bro'mate. [Bromas, a'tt's.] A 
combination of bromic acid with a base. 
Broni-a-loir'ra-pfiy. [Bromato- 
grapliia; from lip-fla, “food,” and 
ypaipw, to “describe.”] A treatise on 
foods ; or a description of different kinds 
of food. 
[Bromatolo'- 
gia; from (ipiopa, “food/’ and \6yog, a 
••discourse.”] The consideration of food, 
BRE 
its nature, quality, and uses; the science- 
of food. 
Brume, or Bro'mlne. [ Bro'miuni, 
or Broinin'ium; from (JptSpoj, a 
“ stench.”J An elementary body usually 
obtained from the residue of sea-water, 
called Bittern ; named on account of its 
powerful, suffocating odor. It is a liquid 
of a deep-red color, and is very poison- 
ous. 
Bromeliaeese,® bro-me-le-a'she-e. 
[From Brome'lia, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of endogenous plants, 
found in tropical regions, and capable 
of growing in air without contact with 
the earth. It includes the Ananas, or 
Pine-Apple, and other plants prized for 
their flowers. 
Bromelise,* bro-me'le-e, the plural 
of Brome'lia, forming the Jussieuan 
name of an order of plants. See Brome- 
LIACE/E. 
Bro mic. [Brom'icus.] Belonging 
to brome. 
Bro mic A compound of 
bromine and oxygen. 
Bro'mule. [Bro'ns i*. i'dis; from 
bro'minm.] A combination of bromine 
with a metallic base. 
Br»-niin'i-um.® The Pharmaco- 
poeia! name (U. S. Ph.) of Brome, or 
Bromine, which see. 
Bromium. See Brome. 
Bro'1110-form. [From bro'minm, 
and for'mule.] A peculiar substance 
compounded of bromine and formic acid, 
somewhat analogous in its effects to 
Chloroform and sodoform. 
Bro'mu-rct. [Bromure'tum; 
from bro'miuni.'] A combination of 
brome with a base. 
Brooches. The French term for 
Bronchia, which see. 
Bronchi,* bronk’I (the plural of 
Bronch us). The same as Bronchia, 
which see. 
Bronchia,® bronk'e-a, gen. Bron- 
chi-o'rum (found only in the plural). 
Fr. Brooches, bri>Nsh. [From /?poy\of, 
the “ windpipe.”] The first two branches 
of the bronchus, or windpipe; otherwise 
called bronchi. 
Broncli'i-al. [ Bronchia'I is : from 
bron’ehin.] Belonging to the bronchia, 
or bronchi. 
Bronch'ial Tubes. The minute 
ramifications of the bronchi, terminating 
in the bronchial cells, or air-cells of the 
lungs. 
Bronchitis,® bronk-i'tis. [From 
bron'ekia.] Inflammation of the bronchia. 
BRO 
89 BRO 
BUB 
Broncli-lcm-m i't is. A membrane- 
like inflammation of the bronchia. 
Broneli'o-fele.* [From (jpoyxos, the 
“windpipe,” and a “tumor.”] An 
indolent swelling of the thyroid gland; 
goitre; tracheocele. Called also Derby- 
shire neck. 
Bronelioliseniorrliag-ia,* bronk’o- 
hem'o-ra'je-a. [From bron'ehus, and 
hseniorrha'yia, “haemorrhage.”] A term 
recently proposed by Andral to desig- 
nate the exhalation of blood from the 
lining membrane of the bronchial tubes, 
commonly called bronchial haemorrhage. 
BroiM'li-opiio-ii ism. Broneli- 
oph'o-ny. ]_ Bronchophon is'in us, 
Bronclioplio'nia; from (ip6yx°s, and 
<p<i)rri, the “voice.”] The sound of the 
voice, heard by means of the stethoscope, 
in the bronchia. 
BroneliorrIi«ea,* bronk-o-re'a. 
[From bron'chi, and puo, to “flow.”] In- 
creased discharge of mucus from the 
bronchia. 
Broneh-ot'o-my. [Bronclioto'- 
111 in: from /Jpoyxos, the “windpipe” or 
“bronchia,” and rcpeia, to “cut.”] The 
operation of cutting into the bronchus, 
or windpipe. 
Bron'clras.* [Gr. (Jpoyxos, the “ wind- 
pipe.”] Same as Trachea. In the 
plural, bronchi is used synonymously 
with bronchia. 
Bron'to-lite, or Bron'to-lltli. 
[Brontoli'tes; from (Jpovrij, “thunder,” 
and Xi'do,-, a “ stone.”] A thunder-stone ; 
another name for Aerolite, or meteoric 
stone. 
BrAnze. A compound metal, con- 
sisting of copper with a small propor- 
tion of tin ; similar to bell-metal. 
Brook Time. The Veron'ica becca- 
bun'ya. 
Broom. The Spar'tium scopa'rium. 
Brown'ins1. A preparation of sugar, 
port-wine, spices, etc., for coloring and 
flavoring meat, etc. 
Brown'iSm. The theory or doc- 
trines of John Brown. See Brunonian 
Theory. 
Britain, or Brucine, broo'sin. 
[Brn'cia, or Bruci'na.] A vegetable 
alkali discovered in the false Angustura 
bark and in the Nnx vomica. It is of a 
pearly-white color, very bitter and styp- 
tic : it is poisonous, but less active than 
strychnine. 
Bruissemcnt (Fr.), bRw&ss'moN“'. 
Corvisart’s term for the purring tremor, 
or freinissement cataire, of Laennec. 
Bruit, bRw6. A French term, signi- 
fying “noise.” Applied to the different 
conditions of the sound perceived by 
means of the stethoscope, according as 
the thorax or its organs are affected. 
limit <le t'rinnienient, biiwd 
krak'moN0' (“crackling sound”), or 
Bruit «!• t’uir Nenf, buwA d$h 
nirf (“sound of new leather”). A sound 
caused by friction of the pericardium in 
certain diseased conditions. 
limit <l(‘ KoulHct, bnw6 deh soo'ffi' 
(“bellows-sound”). A sound sometimes 
heard during the contraction of the 
auricles and ventricles of the heart. It 
is also termed limit de Souffle, hnw6 
deh soofl, or “blowing sound.” 
limit Tyni|t;tni<guc, bnwi taM’pS.'- 
(“tympanic sound”). See Tympa- 
nitis. 
Brnniaeese,* broo-ne-a'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
at the Cape of Good Hope. Their pro- 
perties are unknown.—(Lindlky.) 
Brunner's Glands. [Glantfn- 
l.T liriinne'rii.] The Gian'dulse, soli- 
ta'rise, or mucous follicles discovered by 
Brunner in the mucous membrane of the 
small intestines. 
Brunoniaeeay* broo-no-ne-a'she-e. 
A natural order of herbaceous plants, 
found in New Holland. It consists of 
one genus,—Ih-uno'nia. 
Bru-no'ni-an Tlie'o-ry. A theory 
or system founded by John Brown, who 
maintained that ail diseases are the 
result either of an excess or deficiency 
of excitability in the animal system. 
Brun&'wick Green. An ammo- 
niaco-muriate of copper, used for oil- 
painting. 
Hryg'mns.* [Gr. (Ipvypns; from 0pv\a>, 
to “gnash with the teeth.”] Gnashing 
or grating with the teeth ; one of the 
symptoms occurring in certain diseases. 
Bry'o-ny. [Bryo'nia; from Ppha, 
to “abound.”] A Linmean genus of the 
class Monoecia, natural order Cucurbi- 
tacese. 
Bry-o'nI-a Al'foa.'* The Ilryonia 
dioica. 
Bryo'nia DI-oi'ca.* The wild vine; 
also called Bryonia alba, wild hops, and 
tetter-berry. 
Bu 'foo. o'a;'*,* Billion, o'nt* [From 
■i>v, the “groin.”] The inflammatory 
swelling of a lymphatic gland, particu- 
larly in the groin or axilla. A genus of 
the order Tumor es, class Locales, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. Adeni'tis. In Botany, 
a Linnsean genus of the class Pentandria 
natural order Unibelliferfe. 
90 BUL 
Bu'bou Gal'ba-num.* The former 
name of the plant which yields galba- 
nuin ; now called Gatbanum officinale. 
Bu-bo-niU'gl-a.* [From (ioo6.br, the 
“groin,” and oXyoj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the groin: bubonal'gy. 
[From ffooBobr, the 
“groin,” and /f/'/Xi?, a “tumor.”] A species 
of hernia in which part of the bowels 
protrudes at the abdominal ring; sy- 
nonymous with inguinal hernia. 
Buc'cal. [Bucca'lis; from bue'ea, 
the “cheek.”] Belonging to the cheek. 
Buc'cal Blunt Is. The name of nu- 
merous follicles situated beneath the 
mucous layer of the cheek. 
Buc'cal Nerve, called also the Buc'- 
CO-Bab-i-a'lis.* A nerve generally 
arising from the inferior maxillary: it 
sends its branches to the buccinator 
muscle. 
ItiEC-gi-na tor. o'ris.* [From buc'- 
cino, buccina'turn, to “sound a trumpet.”] 
The trumpeter's muscle. A flat muscle 
which forms the wall of the cheek : so 
called from its being much used in 
blowing the trumpet. 
Buccinoidse,* buk-se-no'i-de. [From 
bnc'cinum, a shell-fish like a trumpet or 
horn.] A name in Zoology given to a 
family of the Modus'ca Gasterop'odn Pec- 
tinibranchia'ta, having the Buccinum for 
its type. 
Bucca-Babialis Nerve. See Buc- 
cal Nerve. 
Buc eu-la.® [The diminutive of buc'- 
c i. the “cheek.”] The fleshy part under 
tho chin. 
Buclm,* boo'koo. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the Baros'ma 
crena'ta, and other species of Baros'ma; 
the Bucco of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
Buck-Bean. A plant of the natural 
order Gentianacese, used by brewers in 
some parts of Germany as a substitute 
for hops. See Menvanthes Trifo- 
LIATA. 
Buck'-Thorn. The common name 
of the lihim'nus cathar'ticus. The berries 
yield a delicate green, named by painters 
verdevis' sit. 
Buck'll.* The Pharmacopceial name 
(Ed. Ph.) for the leaves of several species 
of Barouna. See Buchu. * 
Buc-ne'ml-a.* [From (iov, a par- 
ticle of increase, and Krfipn, the “leg.”] 
A disease of the leg, distinguished by 
tense, diffuse, inflammatory swelling. 
Bucopric Aciil. See Bosopric 
Actn. 
Bud. [Lat. Grem'ma; Fr. Bouton, 
BUB 
boo't&N0'.] The rudiments of a plant in 
a latent state, till evolved at the proper 
season and by the influence of other 
circumstances. 
Itilf'ly font. [Co'riuin Phloffis'- 
ticuui.] The inflammatory crust or 
buff-colored substance on the surface of 
the crassamentum of blood taken from 
persons laboring under inflammation, 
when coagulation is completed. 
Bu-laiu' Fe'ver. A name given by 
the natives on the African coast to the 
yellow fever. f 
Bulb. [Lat.Bul'bus; Gr. 0o\8og.] In 
Botany, a globular, coated body, solid, 
or composed of fleshy scales or layers, 
constituting the lower part of some 
plants, and sending off radicles from the 
flattened basis. Also applied in Anatomy 
to portions of the body resembling a 
bulb. 
Bulb of the F-re'thra. The bulb- 
like commencement of the corpus spon- 
giosum penis: hence the included ure- 
thra is called the bulbous portion. 
Bul-bif'er-ous. [Bulbif'erns; 
from bid'bus, a “bulb,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing bulbs. 
Bul'bil. [Bulbil'lus, or Bul'bu- 
lus; the diminutive of bul'bw.\ A 
small, solid, or scaly bud, which being 
detached from a plant becomes de- 
veloped and perfectly similar to it. 
Bui' bo-t’av-er-no' s us.* [Named 
from its connection with the bulb of the 
urethra and the corpus cavernosum.] A 
muscle of the urethra. The same as 
Accelerator Uhixas, which see. 
Bul'bous. [Bulbo'sus; from buV- 
bus, a “bulb.”] Having bulbs, or full 
of bulbs. 
Bulbulus. See Bulbil. 
Bui'busAr-te-rl-o'sus.® (“Arterial 
Bulb.”) The name of the anterior of the 
three cavities of the heart in all Ycrte- 
brata, as exhibited in the early period 
of their development. 
Bul'biiM Ol-fae-to'rl-iis.* (“Olfac- 
tory Bulb.”) That portion of the olfac- 
tory nerve which expands into a bulb- 
like form and rests upon the cribriform 
plate of the ethmoid bone. 
Bu-lim'i-a,* Bu-11-iui'a-sis,* Bu- 
li'mus.* [From (ion, a particle of in- 
crease, and Xip6;, “hunger.”] A disease 
causing great voracity or insatiable hun- 
ger ; canine hunger. A genus of the order 
Di/sorexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
Bu'lith-um.* [From ffong, an “ox,” 
and \i0o;, a “stone.”] A bezoar stone 
91 BUL 
BYT 
found in the kidneys, the gall, or urinary 
bladder of the ox. See Bezoar. 
Bull. — Bul'liat.* “Let it boil.” 
Bui'la.® Literally, a “bubble.” A 
transparent vesicle caused by burns, 
scalds, or otherwise; a bleb; a blister. 
Bul'latc. [Biilla'tus, Bullo'sus; 
from bid'la, a “blister.”] Having bailee, 
or full of bailee,—an appearance pro- 
duced by the surface of a leaf being 
raised above its veins. 
Bunion, or Bnnyon, bun'yan. 
[From /?<minor, tl|e “earth-nut.”] In- 
flammation (or rather its effects) of the 
bursa mucosa, at the ball of the great 
toe, induration of adjacent parts, en- 
largement of the joint, etc. 
Bu'ni-um.® [From the same.] The 
generic name of the plant producing the 
earth-nut. It has a tuberous root, which 
is eaten roasted or raw. 
Buphlhalmia,® bilf-thal'me-a, or 
Bii-opti-thal'mi-a,® or Buph-thalT- 
inus.® [From/loik, an “ox,” and o,DuA- 
g<%, the “eye.”] The first stage of lly- 
drophthalmia, or ox-eye. 
Bnr'dock. The common English 
name of the Arv'tium lap'pa, and Lap'pa 
mi'nor. 
Bur'gun-tly Pitch. The Fix Btir- 
ffun'dica of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Burmanniacese,® biir-man-ne-a'- 
she-e. A natural order of endogenous 
plants related to the Orchids. 
Burn. [Us'tio and A nitms't io. 
o'nis.] A lesion caused by the applica- 
tion of heat. 
Burnt Alum. See Alumen Exsic- 
catum. 
Burnt Sponge. [Spoil'gia Us'ta.] 
This substance is prepared by cutting 
sponge into small pieces, and burning 
it in a covered vessel until it becomes 
black and friable, when it is rubbed 
into a fine powder. It is employed as a 
remedy in goitre and scrofulous swell- 
ings. 
Bur'sa,® plural Bur'sae. [Gr. /3rpaa, 
a “leathern bottle.”] A sac, or purse. 
Bur'sa Mti-co'sa,* plural Bur sa' 
Muco'sse. A membranous sac for 
secreting a substance (syno'via) to lubri- 
cate tendons and joints, rendering their 
motion easy. 
Bur-sa'lls.® [From hur'sa.~\ Be- 
longing to a purse or bag: bur'sal. 
[IturMilo gia; from 
/3vfxra, a “ bag,” and Aoyo>, a “ discourse.”] 
The consideration (or science) of tlic 
bursae mucosae. 
Bu'te-t» Gum. A gum procured 
from natural fissures and wounds made 
in the bark of the Bu'tea /rondo'sa, a 
leguminous plant of India. 
Butomace*,* bu-to-ma'she-e. A 
natural order of aquatic plants, includ- 
ing the Bu'tomus. 
But'ter. [Lat. Bu'tyrum: Gr. (iov- 
rupoi/.] An oil, more or less concrete, 
obtained from the milk of animals. It 
can be separated from milk or cream 
by almost any kind of violent and con- 
tinued agitation. This process of sepa- 
ration is popularly termed “chuwiing.” 
But'ter of Ciwa'o. An oily, con- 
crete, white matter, of a firmer consist- 
ence than suet, obtained from the Cacao, 
or Cocoanut, of which chocolate is made. 
But'ter-fly-Shaped. See Papilio- 
NACEU8. 
Butua. See Pareira Brava. 
[Bntyra'eeus; 
from bu'tyrum, “butter.”] Of the ap- 
pearance or consistence of butter. 
Bu'ty-rate. [Bu'tyras. a'/is.] A 
combination of butyric acid with a base. 
Bu-tyr'ic Avid. A volatile acid 
obtained from butter. 
[Butyri'na; from bu- 
ty'rum, “butter.”] The essential fatty 
matter of butter: the butyrate of gly- 
cerin. 
Biix'in. [Buxi'na.] An alkaline 
substance obtained from the common 
box-tree (Bux'us sempervi'rens). 
B. V. = Bal'nemn Vapo'ris.* A “va- 
por-bath.” 
Bys'sum,® Bys’sus.® [Gr. Woj, 
a kind of fine flax.] In Anatomy, the 
Pudendum muliebre. Applied in Botany 
to a genus of lichens. Also, the hairy 
appendage by which the Mollunca attach 
themselves to rocks, etc. 
Byttneriaceav* bit-ne-re-a'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous trees or 
shrubs, including the Byttne'ria and 
Theobro'ma Ca'cao, which produces cho- 
colate or cocoa. 
92 CAB 
CAE 
c. 
C. An abbreviation for Congius■,* a 
“gallon;” also for “compound,” or 
“composite,” Carbonium,* compositi,* 
or compos itse.* 
Cabal-line. [Caballi'nus; from 
cabal'las, a “ horse.”J Applied to a 
coarse kind of aloes fit only for horses. 
Cab bage-Tree. The Geoffrsea iner- 
mis, or Aii lira inermis. 
Cabombaceie,* kab-om-ba'she-e, or 
Ca-bom be-se.* [From Cabom'ba, the 
name of one of the genera.] A natural 
order, including aquatic plants with 
floating peltate leaves. It is also called 
Hj ilropeltidese. 
Cacao. See Cocoa. 
Cachectic, ka-kek'tik. [Cachec'ti- 
riis: from cachex'ia.] Pertaining to 
Cachexia. 
Caeh-el-eo'ma, atis.* [From *axos, 
“bad,” and tXro,-, an “ulcer.”] A malig- 
nant ulcer. 
Ca-ehex'i-a.* [From kcuco;, “bad,” 
“evil,” and irfif, a “habit.”] A depraved 
habit of body. Applied in the plural 
to a class of Cullen’s Nosology. Ca- 
chex'y. 
[From nano;, 
“bad,” and X'W<k< “juice,” “humor.”] 
A depraved condition of the humors. 
Cac-o-col'pi-a.* [From xaicdf, “ bad,” 
and k6\ttos, a “sinus,” also, the “womb,” 
or “ vulva.”] A putrid condition of the 
vulva and vaginal entrance. 
Cac'o-dyl. [From kcikA&tk, “ fetid.”] 
A limpid liquid, of fetid odor, derived 
from acetyl. Cacodylic acid is formed 
from cacodyl by oxygenation. 
Cac-o-e'theS.* [From kuko;, “bad,” 
and nSo;, “manner” or “disposition.”] 
A bad habit or disposition. 
Cac-o-Ho'iiiI-um.' [From Kano;, 
“bad,” and aiiua, a “body,” also, “state 
of body.”] A lazaretto for leprosy and 
other incurable diseases. 
Cactacese,* kak-ta'she-e. A natural 
order of plants of the Cactus tribe, re- 
markable for their large and gay flowers. 
They are succulent shrubs, found wild 
in hot, dry countries. 
Cac'ti,® the plural of Cac'tus (a 
“prickly pear”), the Jussieuan name of 
an order of plants. See Cactaceas. 
Ca-cu'men,* plural Ca-cu'mi-na. 
The “top” of any thing. In Pharma- 
copoeial language, the tops of plants. 
[Cadaver'lens; from 
cada'ver, a “corpse.”] Belonging to a 
dead body. 
Ca-dav'er-ous. [From the same.] 
Having the appearance of a dead body; 
pertaining to a dead body. 
Cadet', I.iqTior of. A liquid ob- 
tained by distilling acetate of potash 
and arsenious acid, and remarkable for 
its insupportable odor and spontaneous 
inflammability in air. 
Cad'ml-a,® or Cad-mi'a. [Gr. «a<5- 
/ita, or Kaifiua, “calamine,” or “cad- 
mia.”] A name applied to several 
metallic substances, or ores,—calamine, 
cobalt, tutty, etc. 
Cad'ml-um,'* or Cad-mi'iim. 
[From cad'min, “calamine” or “tutty,” 
in which it was first observed.] The 
name for a metal, resembling tin, found 
in several of the ores of zinc. A dilute 
solution of the sulphate of cadmium has 
been used as a collyrium for spots on 
the cornea, and for chronic inflamma- 
tion of the conjunctiva. See preceding 
article. 
Ca-du'ca.* [See next article.] A 
name sometimes given to the deciduous 
membrane of the uterus. 
[From ca'do, to “fall.”] 
Falling off: cadu'cous. 
Caduque (Fr.), k&'diik'. The same as 
Caouca, which see. 
Cse'cal, or Ce'cal. [Casca'lis: from 
ex'cum, the “blind gut.”] Belonging 
to the Csecum. 
Csecitas (ses'e-tas), a'tis.* [From 
ex'cm, “blind.”] Blindness. 
Ca-ci'tis.* [From cx’cum.~\ Inflam- 
mation of the cecum. 
Cse'cum.* [Neuter singular of cx'cus, 
“blind.”] The blind gut (intea'tinum 
being understood), or first portion of the 
large intestine; the Ca'put co'li. 
Cse-ru'le-us Mor bus.* (The “blue 
disease.”) See Cyanosis. 
Caerulina. See Cerulin. 
Csesalpinia,* ses-al-pin'e-a. [Named 
from Oxsalpi'nm.\ A genus of trees of 
the order Leguminosx. See Brazil 
Wood. 
Oe-sa're-a« ©p-er-a'tion, Csesa'- 
rean Sec'tion. [Opera'tiaCsesa'rea, 
Sec'tio Csesa'rea; from Julius Cxsar,— 
said to have been born thus; more 
probably from cx'do, ex'sum, to “cut.”] 
In Obstetrics, the operation of cutting 
into the womb through the parietes of 
93 the abdomen when natural delivery is 
impracticable: hysterotomy. According 
to Pliny, persons thus born were called 
Caso'nes. 
Cate Citrin (Fr.), ksL'fi' se'tntx"'. An 
infusion of unroasted coffee; so named on 
account of its yellow or citrine color. 
Caf'fe-a.® The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. I’ll.) of the seed of the Caf'/ea 
Arah'ica (the coffee-plant). See Coffee. 
Caf'lie-iii. [Caffei'ua; from thcFrench 
Cafe, “coffee.”] A bitter principle ob- 
tained from coffee. The same as Tiiein. 
Ca-in'ca,® or Ca-Iiin'ca,® called also 
Clii-o-coc'ca,® a plant of the order Ru- 
hiacex, the root of which has recently 
been employed as a tonic and diuretic. 
Cajeput, kaj'e-podt, written also 
faiepul and Cajuput. [Cajupu- 
tum.] See Cajupijti Oleum. 
Caj-u-pu'ti O'le-uin.® (“Oil of 
Cajeput.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Ed. Ph.) for Cajuput or Cajeput oil, 
obtained from the Mela leu’ca cajupu'ti. 
It is stimulant and aromatic, and is 
considered very efficacious in some forms 
of rheumatism. 
Cal-a-bar' Bean. A medicinal sub- 
stance having the remarkable property of 
causing contraction of the pupil of the eye, 
Cal-a-jui'ua.® [From cad'mia lapi- 
do'sa, an ore of zinc.] The Phar- 
macopoeial name of a native impure 
carbonate of zinc. 
t'a-laiiB-i-iiaris.® Belonging to 
calamine, or Lapis calaminaris. 
Cal'a-mi Ka'dix.* (“Rootof Cala- 
mus.”) See Calamus. 
Cal'a-mus.® [From the Arabic Ka'- 
lam, the “stalk of a plant,” a “reed.”} A 
Latin word signify ing a “reed,” and hence 
a “pen.” The name of a Linnsean genus 
of the class Hexandria, natural order 
Aroidex; also the Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) of the rhizoma of Ac'orus 
cal’ ainus. 
Cal'amns Ito'tang,® or Cal auius 
Ora’co.® A plant generally supposed 
to yield the substance known as dragon’s 
blood, said likewise to be obtained from 
the Pterocar’pus dra’co. 
Cal'ana us Scrip-to'rf-us.® A 
“ writing-pen.” Applied in Anatomy to 
a narrow fissure on the back and in the 
median line of the Pons Varolii. 
Ca-lap'pite. [From the Malay Ca- 
lap'pa, the “cocoa-tree.”] A stony concre- 
tion sometimes found in the inside of the 
cocoanut; also called a vegetable bezoar. 
Cal-ii-tliiit i-ijisi.® [From x-aXaOk, a 
“ little basket.”] A kind of inflorescence 
CAF 
composed of sessile flowers thickly placed 
upon a common involucre. 
fal-ca'ne-iim.' [From calx, the 
“heel.”] The largest bone of the tarsus; 
the heel-bone, or as calcis. 
(al cji-rate. [Calenra'tin; fn ni 
cal'car, a “ spur.”] Having spurs; like 
the flower of the larkspur. 
Cal-ca're-ous. [ Calcii rintt: from 
calx, cal'cis, “lime.”] Belonging to 
lime; containing lime. 
Calea'reons Earth. Lime. 
Calca’n'OHS Spar. Crystallized car- 
bonate of lime. Iceland spar is one of 
its purest varieties. 
Cal'ce-I-forin. [Caleeifor'mis; 
from cal'ecus, a “ shoe.”] Like a shoe. 
t iil-ei f 'er-ons. [Calcif 'erus; from 
calx, “lime,” and fc'ro, to “bear.”] 
Containing lime or carbonate of lime. 
Calcification. See Petrifaction. 
Cal-cig c-noiis. [Calciff'enus; from 
calx, “lime,” and ■yevriuo, to “generate.”] 
Applied to metals which with oxygen 
form a calx or earthy-looking substance. 
C&l-cl-na'tion. [Calcina'tio, o'nis. 
See Calcine.] The application of heat 
to saline, metallic, or other substances, 
to deprive them of moisture, etc. 
C’al-ci-na'tus.® Reduced to powder 
by heat; calcined. Sec Calcination. 
C&l'cine. [Cal'cino, Calciiia'tum ; 
from calx, cal'cis, “lime.”] To burn as 
lime; to reduce to a powder, or to an 
oxide, by heat. Sec Calcination. 
Calcium,® kal'she-um. [From calx, 
“lime.”} The metallic base of lime. 
Cal'cu-li,* the plural of Calculus, 
which see. 
Cal-cu-lif'ra-gns.® [From cal'cn- 
lus, and /ran'to “break.”} Breaking 
or reducing calculi : calculif'ragous. See 
Litiiotiuptic. As a noun, Calculif'va- 
gus forms the name of a surgical instru- 
ment for breaking down calculi in the 
bladder. See Lithotriptor. 
CiU'cu-lous. [CalmiI<* sus ; from 
cal'culus.'] Of the nature of stone or 
calculus. Having a calculus, or full of 
calculi. Applied to those afflicted with 
stone in the bladder. 
Cal'cu-1 us.® plural Cal'cu-li. [The 
diminutive of calx, “limestone,” cr 
“chalk.” See Calx.} Fr. Calcul, kUkkiil', 
and Pierre, pe-ain'. A stone-like con- 
cretion in the urinary bladder, kidney, 
gall-bladder, intestines, or in and about 
the joints. 
Urinary Calculi, commonly called 
“stone,” or “gravel,” vary in composi- 
tion according to the diathesis of the 
CAL 
94 CAL 
CAL 
patient. Sometimes they are of a red- 
dish or brick color, consisting usually 
of lithate of ammonia, or of crystals of 
lithic and uric acid. At others, they 
are white, or whitish, and are for the 
most part composed of the phosphates 
of magnesia and ammonia, occasionally 
mixed with the phosphate of lime. Urate 
of ammonia and oxalate of lime some- 
times occur in a crystalline form. 
Biliary Calculi (Cal'cult Bilio'si 
or Bilia'rii) are usually found in the 
gall-bladder, and are then termed cystic ; 
sometimes they occur in the substance 
of the liver, in which case they are called 
hepatic calculi. In many instances they 
seem to be little more than bile in a 
concrete state: many of them are com- 
posed chiefly of Cholesterin. 
Calculous Coxcretions, called ar- 
thritic calculi (Cal'culi arthrit' ici, Cal'- 
culipodag'rici, or Tuber' cula arthrit' ica)y 
are found in the ligaments, and within 
the capsules of the joints, in persons 
afflicted with the gout. These are for 
the most part composed of uric acid and 
soda combined with a small portion of 
animal matter; sometimes of urate of 
lime. 
Calculi found in the intestines of 
animals are called Bezoars, which see. 
Cal-e-fa'cient. [Calefa'clens; from 
cal'idus, “ warm,” and fa’ do, to “ make.”] 
Exciting warmth; making warm. Ap- 
plied to medicines or external applica- 
tions causing a sense of warmth. 
Cal-e-fac'tion. [Calefae'tio,o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of applying 
heat. 
€al'esi-ture. [Sp. Culentura, k&- 
len-too'rfL] A violent fever, attended 
with delirium, incident to persons in hot 
countries. Under its influence it is said 
that sailors imagine the sea to be green 
fields, and will throw themselves into it 
if not restrained. 
Ca-Ii'go, inis.* [Fr. Brouillard, 
broo'yatt'.] Dimness of sight sometimes 
coming on without apparent cause; 
blindness. A genus of the order Dysses- 
thesiie, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Cali'go Cor'ne-se.® (“ Obscurity of 
the Cornea.”) Dimness of sight arising 
from opacity of the cornea, or some- 
times a mere speck on the cornea. 
Cali'{jo Hu-nio'rum.® (“Obscurity 
of the Humors.”) Obscurity of vision, 
or blindness, arising from a defect in 
the humors of the eye. See Glaucoma. 
Cali'tfo I.en'tJs.* (“Obscurity of 
the Lens.”) The true Cataract,which see. 
Baric. The Cinchona 
Jlava. 
Cal-is-thenic*. [Caltethen’icaand 
CaliMthe'nia; from kuXo;, “beautiful,” 
and aikfOi, “strength.”] An exercise for 
strengthening the body and giving ease 
and elegance to the movements of the 
limbs. 
€allitrichace*e,*karie-tre-ka'she-e. 
[From kolWos, “beauty,” and 0pi£, gen. 
rptxds, “ hair.”] A natural order or 
family of aquatic plants. By some they 
are considered allies of Urticacese, by 
others, Monocotyledons. 
tal-los'l-tj. 1 <;il Iosif ns. a 'tin; 
from cal'lus.'] A preternatural hardness 
in the skin or naturally soft parts. 
Cal'lus.® The osseous substance de- 
posited between the divided portions of 
a fractured bone. Also, unnatural hard- 
ness or induration of any soft part, or a 
thickening of the cuticle, caused by 
pressure or friction. 
Calomel. See next article. 
Ca-lom'e-lns, anos.* [From icaXdj, 
“beautiful,” “good,” and ptAuj, “black;” 
conjectured to have been so named be- 
cause it was good for black bile.] Calo- 
mel. The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) 
for the protochloride or mild chloride of 
mercury. See Hydrargyri Chloridum 
Mite. 
Ca'lor.* The Latin term for heat. 
Color fervens denotes boiling heat, or 
212° Fahr.; Color lenis, gentle heat, be- 
tween 90° and 100° Fahr. 
Ca'lor An-I-ina'lis.* Animal ca- 
loric, or animal heat. The term applied 
to the caloric constantly generated in 
the bodies of living mammalia and birds, 
by means of which the animal is kept at 
nearly a uniform temperature. That of 
the mammalia varies from about 96° to 
106° or 107°,—the Arctic fox, the Arctic 
wolf, and the whale being among those 
that have the highest temperature. The 
animal heat of birds ranges somewhat 
higher than that of the mammalia, the 
temperature of several species being 
above 108°, while that of the Arctic 
finch (Fringilla Arctica), the redbreast 
(Rubeenlq), and some others is said to 
reach 111°. 
The temperature of those animals even 
which are commonly termed cold-blood- 
ed, is often found to be considerably above 
that of the surrounding medium ; among 
fishes, the most highly organized, such 
as the tunny-fish (Thytinus) and the 
shark, have usually the warmest blood. 
Ca'lor Mor'dl-cans.® Literally, a 
95 “biting heat.” A term applied to a dan- 
gerous symptom in typhus, in which 
there is a biting and pungent heat upon 
the skin, leaving a smarting sensation 
on the fingers for several minutes after 
touching it. 
Ca-Ior lc. [Calor'icum; from ca'lor, 
“heat.”] The matter or cause of the 
sensation of heat; igneous fluid. 
Sensible or Free Caloric is that 
which produces the sensation of heat or 
affects the thermometer. 
Insensible or Latent Caloric, for- 
merly supposed to be in a state of com- 
bination, is that which passes into bodies 
during a change of form. Thus, it may 
pass into icc at 32°, changing it to water, 
but not increasing the temperature (it has 
lienee been termed the caloric of fluidity), 
or into water at 212°, converting it to 
vapor (and termed, in consequence, the 
caloric of eva2>oration). 
Specific Caloric denotes the unequal 
quantities of caloric required by the 
same quantity of different bodies to heat 
them to a given temperature. Thus, if 
equal weights of water at 40° and mer- 
cury at 160° be mixed together, the re- 
sulting temperature is 45°, showing that, 
computing by weight, water has twenty- 
three times as great a capacity for caloric 
as mercury. 
<al-o-ric'I-t,4'. a 'tis ; 
from ca'lor, “heat.”] The faculty of 
generating the heat necessary to life, 
and maintaining the proper temperature 
of the body in all situations. 
Oal-o-rif'ic. [Calorif'icus; from 
ca'lor, and fa'cio, to “make.”] Heat- 
producing ; heat-creating. 
Cal-o-rim'e-ter. [Oalorim'etrum; 
from ca'lor, and ptrpov, a “measure.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the 
quantity of caloric disengaged from any 
substance. 
('a-lor-l-mo'tor.o'r/s.* [From ca’lor, 
and mo'tor, a “mover.”] An electric 
apparatus which produces by its dis- 
charge highly elevated temperatures. 
Oal-ot'ro-pis An 
asclepiadaceous plant introduced from 
India under the name of mudar, or 
madar, as an alterative and sudorific. 
Ca-lum'ba.* [From Colom'bo, in 
Ceylon, whence the drug was once sup- 
posed to be derived.] The Pharmaco- 
pceial name || for the root of Coc'cuius 
palma'ins, or Menisper'mum palma'turn: 
the Colombie Radix (Dub. Ph.). The 
name is often written Colomba. See 
CoLUMBO. 
CAL 
Cal-va'rl-a.* [From cal'veo, “to be 
bald.”] That portion of the cranium 
above the orbits, temples, ears, and oc- 
cipital protuberance. 
t'alvitics,* kal-vish'e-ez. [From 
cal'vm, “bald.”] Want or loss of hair, 
particularly on the sinciput; baldness. 
i'alx,* gen. The heel. 
Cftlx,* gen. t’ftl'ciw. [From xaAif, a 
“small stone,” “rubbish.”] Literally, 
“chalk,” or “limestone.” The Pharma- 
copoeial name for lime, or calcined car- 
bonate of lime. 
Calx < Iilo-rI-nn tn.® (“Chlorinated 
Lime.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
the preparation popularly known as 
chloride of lime. See Lime, Chloride of. 
Calx 'Vi'va.* Quicklime. 
Calycantlincoa*,* kal-e-kan-tha'- 
she-e, or <al-,f-ean'tlie-a‘.’i [From 
Calycan'thus, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
in Japan and North America. The 
flowers have an aromatic odor. 
Calyceracese,* kal-e-se-ra'she-e. A 
small natural order of exogenous herba- 
ceous plants, including the genus Ca/y- 
cera. 
Calyces,* kal'e-sez. [The plural of 
ca'lyx, a “cup.”] Small, membranous, 
eup-like pouches, which invest the points 
of the papillse of the kidney. Their 
union forms the infundibula. 
[From ca'lyx, a 
“flower-cup,” and jlos, a “flower.”] 
Plants which have their flowers fur- 
nished with both a calyx and a corolla, 
the latter consisting of distinct petals 
and their stamens perigynous. 
Caly-cl-flo'ratc. [Calyciflo'rus; 
from ca'lyx, and jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing the stamens inserted into the calyx. 
[Calycifor'mis; 
from ca'lyx, and for'ma.] Formed like 
a calyx. 
Cal'y-cinc. [Calyci'nns; from ca'- 
lyx.\ Belonging to a calyx. 
[Calyeofdes: from ca'- 
lyx, and ciSos, a “form.”] Resembling a 
calyx. 
Ci»-l.f c'u-lato. [Calycula'tns; from 
calyc'ulus.] Having calyculi. 
tii-ljc u-lus.' plural Ca-lyc'u-11. 
[The diminutive of ca'lyx.'] The mem- 
branous margin surrounding the apex 
of a seed; also, a little calyx exterior to 
a proper one. 
Ca-lyp'tra,* plural Ca-Iyp'tra*. 
[Gr. Ka\viTTpa, a “veil;” from xaXtmrco, to 
“cover.”] A membranous covering over 
the antherse in mosses; also, the proper 
CAL 
96 CAN 
covering or coat of the seed, which falls 
off spontaneously. 
Ca-lyp-tra' tus.* [From calyp'tra, 
the “veil of mosses.”] Having calyp- 
tree: calyp'trate. 
Ca'lyx,* plural Cal'jr-?e£. [Gr. 
iciA iJ, a “covering,” the “cup of a flow- 
er.”] A membranous cup or sac sur- 
rounding one or two of the papillm of 
the kidney. See Calyces. Applied in 
Botany to the flower-cup, or empale- 
•ments which cover the flower, for the 
most part green and surrounding the 
corolla. Also the Physiological name 
of the very vascular capsule enclosing 
the vesicle, or yelk, formed of the three 
layers of the ovarium. 
Cam'bl-um.* [Probably from cam'- 
bio, to “change.”] A glutinous fluid 
between the bark and alburnum of trees, 
supposed by some physiologists to fur- 
nish the material out of*which the new 
wood i3 formed. 
Cam-bo'&I-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (British Ph.) of gamboge (gam- 
bogia), obtained from an undetermined 
tree. 
Cam'e-ra,* plural Cam'e-rse. [From 
napipa, an “upper gallery.”] In the 
plural, the anterior and posterior cham- 
bers of the eye. 
Cam-pa'na.* [From Campa'nia, in 
Italy, where they were first used in 
churches.] A bell. Applied in Che- 
mistry to a dish or cover shaped like a 
bell, employed in making sulphuric acid. 
Campanaeeus,* kam-pa-na'she-us. 
[From eampa'na.] Like a bell. Applie l 
in the plural feminine (Campanncex, 
kam-pa-na'she-e) to an order in Lin- 
naeus’s Natural method: campana'ceous. 
Cam-pan'i-form. [Campanifor'- 
mis : fr un eampa'na, a “bell.”] Formed 
like a bell. 
CampanulacMe,* kam-pan’u-la'- 
she-e, or Cam-pan'u-lae.* [From 
C vnpan'ula, the name of one of the 
genera.] A natural order of herbaceous 
plants, found in temperate climates, and 
prized for the beauty of the flowers. 
Cam-pnn-u-Ia'eeous. [Campann- 
Ia'ceus; from campanula, a “ little 
bell;” also the “bell-flower.”] Having 
an arrangement as in the Campanula. 
See Campaniilace^. 
Cam-pan'u-late. [Campanula'- 
tns; from campan'ula, a “little bell.”] 
Like a little bell. 
C nm peachy Wood. See H.ewa- 
TOXYLUM. 
Cauiphene, or Camphine, kam- 
CAL 
fen'. [From cam'phora.'] A substance? 
procured from common turpentine; with 
an equivalent of oxygen it forms cam- 
phor; also called Cam'phogen (t.e. “pro- 
ducing camphor’’). 
Cam'plio-ra.* [Gr. Kappovpd, “cam- 
phor.”] The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
“ a peculiar concrete substance derived 
from Camphora officinarum and purified 
by sublimation” (U.S. Ph., 1860). The 
effect of camphor in moderate doses is 
to allay nervous irritation ; but in over- 
doses it is poisonous and may produce 
death. 
Cam'phora Of-fic-i-na'runi.* The 
plant which yields the officinal camphor. 
Cam'pho-rse Flo'ros.® (“Flowers 
of Camphor.”) A name sometimes given 
to sublimated camphor. 
Cam'plio-rate. [Cam'phoras.a'fis.] 
A combination of camphoric acid with a 
base. 
Oam'pho-rat-ed. [Campliora'tus; 
from cam'phora.] Having camphor, or 
combined with camphor. 
C'am-phor'ic. [Camplior'icus; 
from cam'phora, “camphor.”] Belong- 
ing to camphor. Applied to an acid 
obtained from camphor. 
Camp-Vin'e-gar is prepared as fol- 
lows. Steep in the best vinegar for a 
month one drachm of cayenne pepper, 
two tablespoonfuls of soy, and four of 
walnut ketchup, six anchovies chopped, 
and a small clove of garlic minced fine. 
Shake it frequently, strain through a 
tamis, and keep it well corked in small 
bottles. 
fam-py-lot ro-pons. [From rap- 
ttvXo;, “curved,” and rpemo, to “turn.”] 
A term applied to the ovule of plants, 
when its axis, instead of remaining rec- 
tilinear, is curved down upon itself, the 
base of the nucleus still continuing to 
be contiguous to the hilum. 
Cam'wood. A red dye-wood, prin- 
cipally obtained from the vicinity of 
Sierra Leone. 
Ca-n&l'. [From cana'lis, a “channel,” 
or “pipe.”] Applied in Anatomy to any 
passage in the body. 
Canal op Fonta'na. A minute vas- 
cular canal situated within the ciliary 
ligament, and so named from its disco- 
verer. It is also termed the ciliary 
canal. 
Canal op Petit (p?h-t£'). A trian- 
gular canal situated immediately around 
the circumference of the crystalline lens: 
so named from its discoverer. When 
distended with air or size-injection, it 
97 CAN 
CAN 
presents a plaited appearance, and has 
lienee been called by the French canal 
godronnS. 
Can-a-lic-u-la'tus.* [From cana- 
lic'nlus.J Having a little canal or 
channel: channelled; canalic'ulated. 
Can-a-Iic'u-li,® the plural of Can- 
a-lic'u-lus. The name given by Mor- 
gagni to some large lacunaj which secrete 
mucus in the canal of the urethra. 
Can-a-lic'u-lus.* [The diminutive 
of cana'lis.\ A small channel or vessel. 
Ca-na'lis,* plural Ca-na'leS. [From 
can'na, a “hollow reed.”] A canal, or 
channel. Applied to blood-vessels, cavi- 
ties, etc. See Alveus. 
Cana'lis Ar-te-rl-o'sus.* (“ Ar- 
terial Canal.”) A blood-vessel which 
unites the pulmonary artery and aorta 
in the foetus. 
Cana'lis Vc-no'sus.* (“Venous 
Canal.”) A canal which conveys the 
blood from the tense portae of the liver 
to the ascending vena cava in the 
foetus. 
Can -cel-la' t ws.® [From cancel'll.] 
Having a latticed appearance: caneel'- 
lated. 
Can-celTi,* gen. Cancello'rtim. 
Lattices: minute divisions in the reticu- 
lated structure of bones. 
Can'cer,® gen. Can'cri, ,or Can'- 
cer-is. A crab. A genus of Crustacea 
Malacostraca. 
Can'cer.® [Literally, a “crab,” the 
turgid veins around it being supposed 
to resemble a crab’s claws.] A painful 
scirrhous tumor, terminating in a fatal 
ulcer. See Carcinoma. 
Can'cer As'ta-cus.* The craw-fish, 
affording the Lapilli cancrorum, or 
crabs’ eyes. 
Can'cer Mun-di-to'rum.® (“ Chim- 
ney-Sweeper’s Cancer.”) See Cancer 
Scroti. 
Can'cer Pa-gu rus.® The crab-fish, 
affording the Chelae cancrorum, or crabs’ 
claws. 
Can'cer Scro'ti.® (“ Cancer of the 
Scrotum”), called also Chimney-Sweep- 
er’s Cancer (Can'cer Mundito'rum). A 
form of cancer to which chimney-sweep- 
ers are especially exposed, on account 
of the irritating effects of soot. 
Can'cri,* gen. Can-cro'rum. The 
plural of can'cer, a “crab.” 
Can'cr old. [Cancroi'des; from 
can'cer, and ridoj, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling cancer. 
Cancroide, koNo'kro'&d'. The French 
form of the preceding term. 
Can-cro'rnm [see Can'cri] die'lov* 
(“Crabs’ Claws.”) The claws of the 
Cancer pagurns, the black-clawed, or 
large, edible crab: these, when prepared 
by grinding, constitute the prepared 
crabs’ claws of the shops, formerly used 
to correct acidity in the stomach and 
bowels. 
(ancroruin La-pil'li* (“Crabs’ 
Stones”), and Cancro'ruin Oc'u-li* 
(“ Crabs’ Eyes”), are used for the same 
purposes as the preceding. 
Can'crum.* Low Latin for “can- 
ker.” It appears to be used only in the 
following phrase. 
Can'crum O'ris.* (“Canker of the 
Mouth.”) A deep, foul, fetid, irregu- 
lar ulcer inside the lips and cheeks: oltcn 
attended with a discharge of blood. 
Can'dle-Trcc Oil. A solid oil ob- 
tained from the seed of the Croton sebife- 
rum, or CandW-tree, a native of China. 
It is used by the Chinese for making 
candles. 
Ca-nel'la.® [From can'na, a “reed.”] 
A Lineman genus of the class Dodecan- 
dria, natural order J feliacese. The 
Pharmacopceial name for the bark of 
Canella alba; Ihe Canelfae albse cortex 
of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
Cancl'la Al'biju* (“ White Canella.”) 
The laurel-leaved canella, yielding a 
bark somewhat resembling cinnamon. 
Ca-nic-u-la'ris.* [From canic’ula, 
a “Tittle dog,” the “dog-star.”] Ap- 
plied to the hottest days of the year, the 
Di'es canicula'res, or dog-days. 
Can'ine. [Can in us; from ca'nis, 
a “dog.”] Belonging to the dog. 
Canine Appetite. See Bulimia. 
Canine Madness. See Hydropho- 
bia. 
Can'ine Teeth. [Den'tesCani'ni 
or Cnspida'ti.] Eye-teeth; the four 
teeth which immediately adjoin the in- 
cisors. 
Ca-ni'nus Mus'cu-lns,* or Can'ine 
Mus'cle. The Levator anguli oris. 
Cani'nns Ki'sus.® (“ Canine laugh.”) 
An involuntary or spasmodic contraction 
of the canine muscle, causing what is 
popularly known as a sardonic laugh. 
Cani'nus Spas'in us.*' The Spasmus 
cynicus. 
Canities,* ka-nish'e-ez. [From ca'- 
nm, “gray-haired.”] Grayness of the 
hair. 
Can'na, or Can'na Starch. The 
fecula prepared from'the rhizoma of an 
undetermined si>ecies of canna, and used 
for the same purpose as arrow-root. 
98 CAN 
CAP 
Cannabinacete,*kan-na-be-na'she-e, 
or Can-na-bin'e-av® [From Can'nahis, 
“ hemp.”] A natural order of herbaceous 
plants, including the hemp and hop, 
which have narcotic and intoxicating 
properties. 
Can'na-blne. [Cannabi'na; from 
Can'nabis, “hemp.”] A resin extracted 
from the Cannabis Indica. 
Can'na-bis.® [Gr. K<iin>a1i;.] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Dicecia, natural 
order Cannabinacese (formerly assigned 
to Urticacese). Hemp. 
Can'nabis In'dl-ca.® (“Indian 
Hemp.”) A kind of hemp well known 
in South America, Turkey, Asia Minor, 
India, etc., the leaves of which furnish 
an intoxicating drug called Bhang, or 
Hang, or Bangne, among the Hindoos, 
Hashish by the Arabs, Maslach by the 
Turks, and among the Hottentots Dacha. 
It is supposed to be merely a variety of 
the common hemp, or Cannabis sativa. 
Cannabis Sa-U'va.* (Fr. Chancre, 
shoNvr.) The systematic name of com- 
mon hemp. See preceding article. 
Can'use,*' the plural of Can'na, a 
"reed,” forming the Jussieuan name of 
an order of plants. See Zingiberace.e 
or Marantace.e. 
Canncl Coal. A bituminous sub- 
stance which yields on combustion a 
bright flame without smoke. The term 
is probably a corruption of candle coal, 
in allusion to its illuminating properties. 
Can'n ii-la.® [The diminutive of 
can'na, a “reed.”] A tubular surgical 
instrument, introduced by means of a 
stilette into a cavity or tumor, for draw- 
ing off fluid. 
Can-thftr'I-deS.® The plural of 
Cantharis, which see. 
Can-th&r'I-din. [Cantharidi'na; 
from can'tharis, the “Spanish fly.”] A 
peculiar substance in Cantharides, on 
which their vesicating quality depends. 
Can't lia-ris,® plural Can-thar'I- 
de.s. [From KiivDapo;, a “beetle.”] The 
Pharmacopoeial name || of the blistering- 
fly ; the Can'tharis vesicato'ria ; called 
also the Mils'ca Hispanio'la (“Spanish 
fly”), Lgt'ta vesicato'ria, and Mel'oe vesi- 
cato'rius. 
Cantharis Vesicatoria. See pre- 
ceding article. 
Can-thi'tls.® [From can'thns.] In- 
flammation of one or both canfhi. 
Can'tlio-plas-ty. [Cantlioplas'- 
tia; from kiwOos, the “angle of the eye,” 
and tXiotrij, to “form.”] The operation 
of transplanting a portion of the con- 
junction of the eyeball to the external 
canthus of the eyelids. 
Candlms,® plural Can'thl. [Gr. xav. 
6df.] The angle formed by the junction 
of the eyelids; the internal being the 
greater, the external the leaser, canthus. 
Can'ton's IMios pIio-niN. A sub- 
stance made by exposing calcined oyster- 
shells and sulphur to a red heat. On 
exposure to the air it acquires the pro- 
perty of shining in the dark. 
taniila. See Cannui.a. 
Caoutchouc,®' koo'chdok, or kn-oo'- 
chook. Elastic gum, or India rubber; 
the concrete juice of the Hierea Caout- 
chouc, Jatropa e/astica, Ficus Indica, 
and Artocarpus integri/olia. 
Caoutclioucin, koo'choo-sin. 
[Caoutchouci'na.] The principle on 
which the properties of caoutchouc de- 
pend. 
tap. = Ca/pe* "take,” or Ca'piat, 
"let him take.” 
Ca'pers. The pickled buds of the 
Cap'paris spino'sa, a low shrub growing 
out of the joints of old walls and the 
fissures of rocks in Southern Europe and 
in Syria. 
Capillaire, k&'p&llam'. [From Ca- 
pil'lus Yen'errs, "Venus’s hair.”] A 
syrup made with sugar or honey from 
the fern termed Adian'tum capil'lus Ven'- 
eris (popularly known as “Maiden’s- 
hair”). The name is also sometimes 
given to other syrups made in imitation 
of the above. Capillaire is employed as 
a demulcent in coughs. 
Cap'il-la-ry. [Capilla'ris; from 
capil'lus, “hair.”] Resembling a hair 
in size. Applied to the minute ramifica- 
tions of arteries terminating on the sur- 
faces of the body, etc.,—in other words, 
to the vessels which intervene between 
the minute arteries and veins; often 
called capillaries. 
Cap-il-lic'u-lus,* plural Cap-il-Iie'- 
u-li. [Diminutive of capil'lus, tho 
“hair.”] Applied in Anatomy to the 
arterial and venous radicles pervading, 
more minutely than the capillaries, the 
ultimate elements of every organ. 
Cap-il-lI-fo'Ii-ous. [Capillifo'- 
lins: from capil'lus, "hair,” and fo'Hum, 
a "leaf.”] Having hair-like leaves. 
Ca-pil'H-forin. [Capillifor'mis; 
from capil'lus, “ hair.”] Formed like hair. 
Ca-pis'trum.* [From ca'pio, to 
"take.”] Literally, a “bridle.” The 
single split-cloth bandage; so called 
from its being used to support the lower 
jaw like a bridle. 
99 CAP 
CAP 
Cap’I-ta,* gen. Cap'i-tum, the plu- 
ral of Caput, which see. 
Cap'I-Inl. [Capita'I is; from ea'put, 
the “head” or “life.”] Belonging to 
the head or life,—and, hence, of great or 
vital importance. The upper part of an 
alembic. Applied in the plural neuter 
to medicines for the head,—Capita'lia 
medicamen'ta. Also applied in Surgery 
to the more important operations. 
Cap'I-tate. [Capita lns; from c«'~ 
put, a “head.”] Growing in heads; a 
term used in Botany. 
Capitellatiis. The same as Capitu- 
late. 
CapT-tl-lu'vI-um.® [From ea'put, 
the “head,” and lu'o, to “wash.”] A 
bath for the head. 
Cap'I-tis,® the genitive of Ca'put, the 
“head.” 
Ca-pit'u-lato, or Ca-pit'u-Iat-ed. 
[Capitiila'tus. j Having a capitidum, 
or knob on the top. 
Ca-pit/u-Iuin.® [The diminutive of 
ea'put.'] A little head, or knob. A pro- 
tuberance of bone received into a hollow 
portion of another bone. A kind of in- 
florescence consisting of a number of 
flowers in a globular form on a common 
peduncle. An alembic. 
Capivi Oil. See Copaiba. 
Cap'no-moiv* [From kcotv6;, 
“smoke,” and pnpa, “part;” so called 
from its being one of the ingredients of 
smoke.] A colorless, transparent liquid, 
—the oily ingredient in tar which can 
dissolve caoutchouc. It occurs along 
with creasote in the heavy oil of tar. 
Capparidaeese,® kap-par-e-da'she-e. 
A natural order of plants, including the 
Cap’pari8 (caper). They have all a 
strong pungent, or even acrid, taste, 
and have been used as a substitute for 
mustard. Some of them are poisonous. 
Cap-pa-rid'e-ae,® the Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
CapparidacejE. 
Cap'ratc. [Ca'pras. a'tis.] A com- 
bination of capric acid with a base. 
Ca-pre'o-Iate, Ca-pre'o-Ia-ry. [Ca- 
prpola'tus, Capreola'ris; from ca- 
pre’olm, a “tendril.”] Applied to the 
spermatic vessels, or Vasa capreolaria, 
from their twisted appearance. 
Cap'vie A«j'id. [From cap’ra, a 
“she-goat.”] A volatile acid, a con- 
stituent of butter from the rililk of the 
goat or cow. 
Cap'rl-dse.® [From ca'per, a “goat.”] 
A family of animals of which the goat 
is the type. 
Cap-ri-fo'H-a.* the plural of Capri- 
fo'lium, the “honeysuckle/’ forming the 
Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
plants. See Capiiifoliack^:. 
Caprifoliacese,* kap-re-fo-le-a'- 
she-e. [From Caprifo'Hum, the “ honey- 
suckle.”] A natural order of plants, 
comprising the honeysuckle, elder and 
viburnum. The leaves of the elder are 
emetic and cathartic; and these proper- 
ties are possessed in some degree hy 
most of the genera of this order. 
Cap'ro-ate. [Cap’roan, a'fie] A 
combination of caproic acid with a base. 
Ca-pro'ic [Capro'icum 
probably from cap' ra, a 
“she-goat,” the milk of which is often 
used in making butter.] An oily, limpid 
liquid, obtained from the caproate of 
baryta, and entering into the constitu- 
tion of butter. 
An acrid, soft resin, 
obtained by digesting the alcoholic ex- 
tract of the Capeicum annuum in ether 
and evaporating the etherial solution. 
t'ap'si-ciini. [From Kornra, to “de- 
vour,” to “bite.”] A Linnaean genus of 
the class Pentandria, natural order So- 
lanacex. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
|| of the capsules and seeds of Capsicum 
annuum, and other species of capsicum. 
Capsicum is a powerful stimulant 
without any narcotic effect. Whether 
taken into the stomach or applied ex- 
ternally, it causes a decided sense of 
heat or burning; but its influence upon 
the general system bears no proportion 
to its local action. Capsicum is chiefly 
used in medicine as a stomachic and 
rubefacient. 
Cap'sicum An'nu-iuii.® The Cap- 
sicum, Cayenne, or Guinea-pepper plant. 
Capsicum Fru-t£s'$ens.* Tho 
species which yields the capsules mostly 
sold as Guinea pepper and bird pepper. 
Cap'su-la.® [Diminutive of cup'net, 
a “box.”] A capsule. A membranous 
bag, containing some part, or organ, or 
the extremities of bones forming a joint. 
A membranous pericarp which splits in 
a determinate manner. 
('ap'sn-lar I.ig'ii-inent. [S.iga- 
ineu'tmn Capsula're.] A kind of liga- 
mentous bag surrounding every movable 
articulation, and containing the synovia. 
Capsule of Clisson. See Glisson, 
Capsule of. 
Cap'sule, Ite'nal. The Renal Cap- 
sules (Cap'snlx rena'les) are two yellow- 
ish, triangular and flattened bodies, lying 
over the kidneys in the foetus, in which 
100 they are as large as the kidneys them- 
selves. In the adult they are two lobes. 
Called, also, supra-renal capsules. 
Cap-su-lif'er-oas. [Capaulif'er- 
us; from caji'sula, a “capsule,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Containing capsules, 
Cap-su-li’tis, i die* [From cap'eula, 
a “capsule.”] Inflammation of the cap- 
sule of the eye. 
Caput,* gen. Cap'I-tis. The head, 
consisting of (he cranium, or skull, and 
the face. Also applied to any prominent 
object like a head. 
Caput Co'li.* The “head of the 
colon,”—that is, the Csecuni. 
Ca’put CSal-li-na&'I-nis.* The Ve'- 
ru moiita'num, or prominent fold of the 
lining membrane in the prostatie portion 
of the urethra. 
Caramel, ka'ra'mel'. The French 
name for sugar partly decomposed by 
the action of heat. 
Cftr'a-pftee. Applied in Zoology to 
the hard covering or shell on the upper 
part of the body of the Chelonia. 
C&r'a-way. The Carum carui. 
Car'bo Animal is. (“ Animal Char- 
coal.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for animal charcoal prepared from 
bone. See Carbon, Animal. 
Car'bo Idg'ni.* (“Charcoal of 
Wood.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
charcoal. 
Car'bon. [Carbo'nium; from 
car'bo, a “coal.”] The basis of char- 
coal; also, charcoal itself. Carbon is 
found pure in the diamond. 
Car'bon, An'1-mal. Animal char- 
coal, bone charcoal, and ivory-black, are 
names applied to bones calcined or con- 
verted into charcoal in a close vessel. 
Animal charcoal is also prepared by cal- 
cining dried blood, horns, hoofs, clip- 
pings of hides, etc., in contact with 
carbonate of potash, and washing the 
calcined mass afterwards with water. 
Animal charcoal is principally used to 
decolorize vegetable principles, such as 
gallic acid, quinia, veratria, etc. 
Car'bon, Min'e-ral. A term ap- 
plied to charcoal with various propor- 
tions of earth and iron, without bitu- 
men. It has a silky lustre, and the 
fibrous texture of wood. It occurs 
stratified with various kinds of coal. 
Car-bo-na'ceons. [Carbona'oeus; 
from car'bo, “coal,” “carbon.”] Of the 
nature of carbon. 
Car'bo-nate. [Carbo'nas, a'ft*/ 
from the same.] A combination of car- 
bonic acid with a base. 
CAP 
Car-bon'ic [Carbon'Icniti 
A$'ldum; from car1 bo, “coal.”] An 
acid formed in the burning of charcoal, 
and very abundant in nature, composing 
0.44 of the weight of limestone, marble, 
etc. In the form of carbonic acid gas 
it constitutes a small proportion of atmo- 
spheric air. It is often found in mines, 
dry wells, etc. When unmixed or nearly 
so (as it frequently is in mines, and in 
ill-ventilated rooms where charcoal is 
burning), breathing it proves extremely 
deleterious, and often fatal to animal life. 
See Choke-Damp, and Poisons. 
Carbon ic Ox ide. A colorless gas, 
formed when carbon is burned with an 
imperfect supply of oxygen. 
Car-bn-nif'er-ous. [Carbonif'er- 
us; from car'bo, “coal,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Having or containing coal. 
Car-bon-I-za'tion. [ Carbon ijra- 
tio, o'nit; from car'bon.] The process 
of converting organic substances into 
charcoal. 
Car'bun-cle. [Carbun'ciiliis; the 
diminutive of car'bo, “coal.”] The name 
of a gem of a deep bright-red color. 
Applied in Surgery to an inflammation 
of a gangrenous nature attended with a 
severe sense of burning. The same as 
Anthrax. 
Car'bu-ret. [Carbure'tum: from 
car'bon.] The combination of carbon 
with another substance. 
Car'bn-ret-ted. [From carbure'tum, 
a “ carburet.”] Of the nature of a car- 
buret. 
Carburet tod Hy'dro-&en. A 
colorless, inflammable gas, abundantly 
formed in nature in stagnant pools, 
wherever vegetables are undergoing the 
process of putrefaction : it also forms the 
greater part of the gas obtained from coal. 
Of this gas there are two kinds: the one 
termed light carburetted hydfogen is 
found abundantly in some coal-mines, 
where, under the name of fire-damp, it 
was the cause of those terrible explosions 
which were so common before the inven- 
tion of the safety-lamp by Davy. The 
other kind, called heavy carburetted hy- 
drogen or olefiant gas, forms the essential 
part of the gas used to light our streets. 
Car-£l-no'ma, a 'tie.* [From KapcUof, 
an “eating ulcer.”] A name for cancer. 
[Carcinom'a- 
tus; from carcino'ma.] Belonging to 
carcinoma. 
Car-dam'I-ne Pra-ten'sis.* The 
cuckoo flower, which yields cardamine 
flowers; the Naetur'tium aquat'icum. 
CAR 
101 CAR 
CAR 
Car'dA-mom. [Cardamo'mum.] 
The fruit of several species of Elettaria 
and Amomum, the capsules of which fur- 
nish a warm and pleasant aromatic. 
Car'dI-a.* [Gr. sapdia.] The heart; 
also the superior opening of the stomach. 
Car'dI-ac. [Cardi'aeus; from ear'- 
dia.] Belonging to the heart. Applied 
to the superior opening of the stomach. 
Also applied to invigorating medicines. 
Car'dI-ac Plex'us. [Plex'us Car- 
dl'acus.] The principal cardiac plexus 
is situated on the bifurcation of the 
trikehea. It is formed by the meeting 
of the middle and inferior cardiac nerves. 
There are two other cardiac plexuses,— 
the one termed anterior, and the other 
posterior,—situated respectively before 
and behind tho ascending aorta, near 
its origin. 
Car-di'a-gra.® [From sapiia, and aypa, 
a “ seizure.”] I’ain or gout of the heart. 
Car-di-al'gl-a.® [From xapiia, the 
“heart,” and a\yo;, “pain.”] An uneasy 
or painful sensation in the stomach; 
heart-burn: car'dialgy. 
Cardianastroplie. See Ectopia 
Cordis. 
Car-dl-ec'ta-sis.* [From xap&ia, the 
“heart,” and exraati, “extension” or 
“dilatation.”] Dilatation of the heart. 
[From saplia, and 
xn\ri, a “ tumor.”] The protrusion of the 
heart through a wound of the diaphragm. 
Car'dI-o-dyn'I-a.* [From car'dia, 
and dSvrti, “pain.”] Pain in tho heart. 
See Cardiagra. 
Car-dl-og;'mus,* or liar-di-og- 
inos.* Another term for cardialgia. 
Sometimes applied to palpitation of the 
heart and to Angi'na pec'toris. 
Car-dl-o-piU'mus.* [From sapSia, 
the “heart,” and naXyds, “palpitation.”] 
See Cardiotromus. 
CardI-o-p£r-I-car-di'tIs, idis* 
[From car'dia, and pericardi'tis.\ In- 
flammation of the heart and pericardium. 
Cardiorhexis,*kar'de-o-rex'is. [From 
saphia, the “heart,” and /ftfif, a “break- 
ing” or “laceration.”] Rupture of the 
heart. 
Car-dl-ot' ro-mns.* [From sapSia, 
the “heart,” and rpopos, a “trembling.”] 
Fluttering of the heart. 
Car-di'tis.*' [From >capita, the “heart.”] 
Inflammation of the heart. A genus of 
the order Phlegmasim, class Pyrexise, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Car'do,* gen. Car'df-nis. A hinge. 
Applied in Anatomy to the articulation 
called Ginglymus. 
Caribean Bark. See Bark, Cart- 
bean. 
t’ftr'i-ca Pa-pa'ya.* The Papaw- 
tree; the milky juice of which contains 
an abundance of fibrin resembling animal 
matter. 
Car l-tie FrMC'tus.* The preserved 
fruit of the fig. See Ficus Carica. 
t'a'rl-eS.® (Literally, “rottenness.”) 
A disease of bones, analogous to ulcera- 
tion of the soft parts. 
Ca-ri'na.* (Literally, the “keel of a 
ship.”) Applied in Botany to the lower 
petal < f the papilionaceous corolla. 
<’&i- i-nate, or Citr l-uat-ed. fFari- 
na tus; from cari'nai] Keel-shaped. 
Applied to leaves, petals, etc. 
t’a'rl-ous. [Fario'sits; from ca'ries.} 
Having, or affected with, caries. 
Car-miii'a-tive. [Oarminati vns: 
from car'men, a “song” or “charm.”] 
Applied to medicines which assuage 
pain and relieve flatulence. 
far'mine. A most beautiful color- 
ing matter or pigment, prepared from 
cochineal combined with alumina and 
the oxide of tin; also called Coccinel- 
lin. 
Carnca! Columnae. See Column.*: 
Carnes. 
('ar'ne-us.* [From ca'rn, car'nis, 
“flesh,” “fleshy.”] Belonging to flesh: 
car'neous. See Carnosus. 
Far-nl-fl-ca'tion. [Carnifica'tio, 
o'nis; from ca'ro, “flesh,” and Ji'o, to 
“become.”] The change of any texture 
of the animal body into flesh. The term 
has been applied by Laennec to a diseased 
condition of the lungs when they have 
become converted into a substance re- 
sembling muscular flesh. 
Car-nl-for'mis.*' [From ca'ro, 
“flesh.”] Resembling flesh. 
Car-niv'o-ra.* [From ca'ro, “flesh,” 
and vo'ro, to “ devour.”] A term applied 
to animals which feed upon flesh; more 
especially to that tribe of the Mammalia, 
such as the wolf, lion, etc., whose teeth 
are peculiarly adapted for seizing and 
destroying living animals. 
<ar-iii vO-roiss. [C’arnlv'orus; 
from the same.] Flesh-devouring, or 
feeding on flesh. 
Car-no'sus.* [From ca'ro, “flesh ”] 
Fleshy; full of flesh : car'nose. Applied 
in the plural to an order of Polypi. 
Ca'ro,*'gen. Car'nis. The red fibrous 
part, or belly, of muscl s; the flesh. Also 
the soft portion of fruits. 
Cftr-o-li'na Pink.. The Spijelia 
Marilandica. 
102 CAR 
CAR 
Caroncnle, k3.'r&x°'kiil'. The French 
term for Caruncula, which see. 
Ca-ro The Pharmacopoeia! name 
(Lend, and U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
the carrot (Dan'cue caro'ta). 
(a-rot i-eiis.* [From napSaj, to “stu- 
pefy.”] Having power to stupefy: ca- 
rot'id. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Carot'ica) to narcotics. 
(a-rotiil. [Caro'tis, idis; from 
Kapoa), to “stupefy.”] Applied to an 
artery on each side of the neck, carrying 
blood to the head. They were so named 
from an idea that tying them would pro- 
duce coma. 
Car'o-tin. [Carot'ina; from ca- 
ro'ta.] A peculiar crystalline principle 
of the carrot, or Daucus carota. 
tarpal. [Carpa'lis.] Belonging 
to the carpus, or wrist. 
i'ar'pel. [CurpelTium, or far- 
pol'lum: from sapno;, “fruit.”] Ap- 
plied in Botany to a simple pistil, or to 
one of the elements of a compound pistil. 
—(Gray.) 
Car-phol'o-jfy. [Carpltolo'g-ia; 
from Kiptboi, “chaff,” and \cyoi, to “col- 
lect.”] The movements of delirious pa- 
tients in searching for or grasping at 
imaginary objects, picking the bed- 
clothes, etc.: floccilation. It is consi- 
dered a very unfavorable symptom in 
fevers. 
Car-pol'o-gy. [farpelo'giii: from 
Kapcos, “fruit,” and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
A description of fruits or seeds; that 
part of Botany which treats of the fruits 
or seeds of plants. 
Car-pot'I-cus.® [From/ca/wo,, “fruit,” 
“offspring.”] Applied in the plural 
neuter (Carpot'ica) to an order of Dr. 
Good’s class Genetica, or diseases affect- 
ing impregnation : carpot'ic. 
Car'pus.* [Gr. <capjr<%.] The Latin 
term for the Wrist, which see. 
(’iir'ra-|eeii Moss, Car'ra-g-Sieen 
Mass. A species of moss, or sea-weed, 
found on the rocks and shores of North- 
ern Europe, and in Carragheen, near 
Waterford, Ireland. 
Car-ra-gee'nin. The name given 
by Dr. Pereira to the mucilaginous mat- 
ter called by some writers vegetable jelly, 
by others pectin. 
Carrara (kar-r&'nf) Wa'ter. The 
name of a liquid prepared in imitation 
of the qualities of certain springs of 
Carrara, in Italy, famous for its marble- 
quarries. 
Car'ron Oil. So called because used 
at the Carron Iron-Works, in Scotland. 
Tho Linimentnm Aqua; Caicis, or Lint* 
mentum Calcis, which see. 
Car'tlia-min, Car t ha-mine, or 
Car'tham-ic A$'id. A red coloring 
matter obtained from safflower. 
Car'tlin-imis Tine-to'ri-us.* Tho 
safflower, or bastard saffron. A plant 
of the order Composites ; the flowers are 
used by dyers. The seeds are cathartic 
and diuretic. 
Car'ti-lage. [Cartila'go, inis. As 
if Carnilcige, from ca'ro, “flesh,” and 
a'go, to “yield.”] A pearly white, glis- 
tening, elastic, uniform substance, ad- 
hering to articular surfaces of bones. 
Car-ti-lag'i-notis, or Car-tl-Ia- 
gin'e-ous. [Cartilagin ous, or tar- 
Of the nature of car- 
tilage. Applied in Botany to leaves 
having a hard margin of different sub- 
stance from the disk. 
Cftr'u-i.* The Pharmacopceial name 
(British Ph.) for the fruit of the Ca'rum 
car'ui. 
Ca'rum.* [From the Arabic Carvi, 
or Carvia.] A Linnaean genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Umbelli- 
feree. Also the Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the fruit of the Carum 
carui. 
Ca'rum Ciir'u-i.* The caraway 
plant. 
Ca-run'cu-la,* plural Ca-run'cu- 
lse. [Diminutive of ca'ro, “flesh.”] A 
little fleshy excrescence : a car'uncle. 
Carun'cula iAwli-ry-ma'lis.* [Fr. 
Caroncule lacrymale, kS.'r6N°'kiil' ffi'kre'- 
m&l'.] The small, red body situated in 
the inner angle of the eye. 
Ca-run'cu-la* Myr-ti-for'meS.* 
The remnants of the lacerated hymen, 
two, three, or four in number. 
Ca ms.* [Gr. /edpo$.] A deep, heavy 
sleep: lethargy. 
Caryophyllacese,* kar-e-of-il-la'- 
she-e. A natural order of plants, in- 
cluding the Dianthus, carnation, and 
pink, and many weeds. Named from 
Caryophyllus, the specific name of the 
carnation or clove-pink. 
Caryophyllata.* [From caryo- 
phyl'lns, the “clove-tree.”] See Geum 
Urbanum. 
Car-y-o-phyl'Ie-ae.* The Jussieuan 
name of an order of plants. See Carv- 
ophyi.i.aoea:. 
Cftr-y-o-phyl'lic A$'itl. [From the 
same.] Eugenic acid; clove acid, or 
heavy oil of cloves: one of the two oils 
composing oil of cloves: the other is 
light oil, called clove hydro-carbon. 
103 CAR 
CAS 
[From the same.] 
Clove sub-resin; a crystalline substance 
extracted from cloves by alcohol. 
< itr-}r-«-i>l»y I' Imn.® [From the 
same.] The Pharmacopoeial name (Brit. 
Ph.) for the unexpanded flower of Cary- 
ophyllus aromaticus. See Clove. 
CAr-y-o-phjTlusA [From supvav, a 
“nut,” and <l>v\\or, a “leaf,” because sup- 
posed to be the leaf of the Indian nut 
plant.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Polyandria, natural order Myrtacese. 
Also the Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. and 
U.S. Ph.) of the Clove, which see. 
Caryophyl'lus Ar-o-mat'I-eus.* 
The systematic name of the clove-tree. 
Also the Pharmacopoeial name (Dub. Ph.) 
for the clove. See Clove. 
Cslr-y-op'nin.* [From sapvov, a “ nut,” 
and oifris, an “appearance.”] In Botany, 
a one-seeded pericarp, adhering closely 
to the integument of the seed, as in oats, 
rice, etc. 
Ois-ea-riria.* [Diminutive of cas'- 
cara, the Spanish word for “bark.”] 
The Pharmacopoeial name || of the bark 
of the Cro'ton eleuthe'ria. 
(ascarillie Cortex.* (“Bark of 
Cascarilla.”) See Cascarilla. 
Cii'se-in, Ca'se-Inc, or Ca'se-um.* 
[From ca'seus, “cheese.”] The albumen 
of milk; the curd separated from milk 
by the addition of an acid or rennet, 
constituting the basis of cheese in a state 
of purity. 
Caseous, kii'she-us, or ka'se-us. 
[Caseo'stis; from ca'seus, “cheese.”] 
Having, or full of, cheese: cheesy. 
Ca-sliew'-Tree. The Anacar’dium 
Occidenta'le, a tree belonging to the 
natural order Anacardiacese, found in 
the West Indies. It produces a kidney- 
shaped nut, yielding a caustic oil, which 
is used as a marking-ink, and also as a 
remedy for warts, etc. 
Cassava,* kils-s&'vil. A fecula sepa- 
rated from the juice of the root of the 
Janipha Manihot, and exposed to heat; 
a principal article of diet in South 
America. The same substance differently 
prepared and granulated constitutes 
tapioca. 
Casseriait (Ganglion). See GAS- 
SERIAN. 
Cassia,* kash'e-a. [Gr. saaia, ovKa-rAai] 
A Linnaean genus of the class Decandria, 
natural order Leguminosse. The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Brit. Ph.) of the 
fruit of Cas'sia fis'tula. Several spe- 
cies of the genus Cassia—e.g. C. acuti- 
folia, C. elongata, and C. obovata— 
produce the senna of commerce. See 
Sexna. 
Cas sia Fis'tu-Ia.:;; The purging cas- 
sia-tree. The Pharmacopceial name(U.S. 
Ph.) for the fruit of the Cassia fistula. 
Cassia IJgnea. See Lafrus Cassia. 
Cas sia tlar-I-lan '«Ii-ea.* The 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for tho 
leaves of Cassia Marilandica, or Ameri- 
can Senna. 
Cas’sia Oil. The common oil of cin- 
namon, procured from cassia. 
Cassias (kash'e-e) Pul'pa.* (“Pulp 
of Cassia.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Ed. Ph.) for the fruit of Cas'sia fis'tula. 
Cassius (kasli'e-us), Pur'ple of. A 
purple-colored precipitate, obtained by 
mixing tho proto-chloride of tin with a 
dilute solution of gold. 
Cannonade (Fr.), kas'so'nld'. Raw 
sugar; the crystallized and dried por- 
tion of sugar. 
Cassythacose,* kas-se-tha'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous parasitical 
plants, consisting of one genus, the Cas- 
sy'tha. 
Castanaav5 kas-ta'ne-e, the plural 
of Cas-ta'nl-a, a “chesnut.” A name 
given by some botanists to a natural 
order including the chesnut, oak, etc. 
See Cupulifera:. 
Cas'tor. Another name for Casto- 
reum, which see. 
Cas'tor Oil. [O'loum Ri^'ini.] 
An oil extracted from the seeds of the 
Itir'iniis eommu'nis; one of the most 
valuable of purgatives, being at the same 
time mild and speedy in its operation. 
Cas-to're-um.* [From cas'tor, tho 
“beaver.”] The Pharmacopceial name | 
of a peculiar concrete substance obtained 
from the follicles of the prepuce of the 
Castor fiber, or beaver. It is a moderate 
stimulant and antispasmodic. 
Cas-tor'i-die.* [From cas'tor, the 
“beaver.”] A family of animals, of 
which the Castor is the type. 
Cas'to-rin, or Cas'to-rlne. [Cas- 
tor i'na ; from casto'reum.] The active 
matter of castoreum. 
Cas-tra'tion. [Castra'tio, o'nis; 
from cas'tro, castra'turn, to “cut off.” to 
“emasculate.”] The removal of a testi- 
cle, or both ; orchotomy; emasculation. 
Applied in Botany to the removal of the 
anthers of a flower. 
Cas-tren'sis.* [From cas'tra, a 
“camp.”] Applied to diseases which 
soldiers encamped under unhealthy cir- 
cumstances are particularly liable to, as 
Febris castrensis, “camp-fevev.” 
104 Ca»narinaee{e,*kas-u-ar-i-na'she-e. 
[From Casuari'na, the name of one of 
the genera.] A curious natural order 
of exogenous trees without leaves, found 
in Australia. They are prized for their 
hard and heavy timber. 
Cat. = Cataplas'ma.* A “ cataplasm.” 
Ca'ta (sard). A Greek preposition 
signifying, in composition, “against,” 
“according to,” but most frequently 
“down,” as in catarrh (from xarappcoi), 
literally, a “ flowing down.” It is often 
an intensive, as in Catacausis, Cata- 
clysm, and Catalepsy, which see. Be- 
fore a vowel and before h the final a is 
dropped. See Cation, Cathode, etc. 
Cat-a-cau'sis.® [From xaraxaim, to 
“burn completely up.”] A term denoting 
the phenomenon called preternatural or 
spontaneous combustion. 
Cat a-cljsm. [Cataclys'imis; from 
to “inundate.”] A deluge, or 
inundation. An affusion. 
Cat-a-cous'tl-ca* (for pronunciation 
see Acoustic). [From xard, “against,” 
and dxojo, to “hear.”] That branch of 
Acoustics which treats of reflected sounds: 
catacous'tics. 
Cat a-lep-sy. [Catalep'sia,and Cat- 
alep'sis; from xaraXapSdrw, to “seize.”] 
A total suspension of sensibility and 
voluntary motion, and, for the most 
part, of mental power, the action of the 
heart and lungs continuing: trance. 
Cat-a-lep'tic. [Catalep'ticus.] 
Belonging to catalepsy. 
Ca-tal'y-sis.s [From xaraXva>, to 
“dissolve.”] A force or power which 
decomposes a compound body by mere 
contact: thus, peroxide of hydrogen is 
decomposed by contact with platinum, 
which is termed, in consequence, the 
catalytic agent. 
Cat-a-lyt ic. Cal-a-lyt't-cal. [Ca- 
talyt/icus.] Belonging to, or causing, 
Catalysis. Sometimes applied to a medi- 
cine supposed to destroy a morbific 
agency in the blood. See preceding 
article. 
C’at-a-me'ni-a,* gen. Cat-a-me-nl- 
o'ruin, found only in the plural. 
[From xard, “according to,” and pfjr, a 
“month.”] The monthly discharge from 
the uterus; otherwise called the menses, 
menstrual discharge, or courses, etc. See 
Menses. 
Cat-a-ption'i-ca.* [From xard, “a- 
gainst,” and (jxjivd, “sound.”] That 
branch of Acoustics which treats of the 
reflection of sound: cataphon'ics. 
<a-1 aph' o-ra. ■ [From xaraipepopat, 
CAS 
to “be weighed down,” to “fall asleep.”] 
The co'ma somnolen’ turn of many writers; 
a variety of lethargy, attended with 
short remissions, or intervals of imper- 
fect waking, sensation, and speech. 
Cat'a-pla&m. [Cataplas'ma, atis ; 
from xaranXdoacn, to “ overlay with plas- 
ter.”] A soft application or poultice of 
bread, linseed-meal, oat-meal, etc., medi- 
cated or not. 
Catapotium,* kat-a-po'she-um. 
[From xaramva, to “drink,” to “gulp,” 
to “swallow down.”] A pill or medicine 
to be swallowed without chewing. 
Written also Catcipotion. 
€at'a-ract. [Catarac'ta; from 
xarappdoow, to “confound.”] Obstructed 
sight, produced by opacity of the crys- 
talline lens or its capsule. 
Ca-ta'rl-a.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the 
Nep'eta cata'ria, or catnep. 
C’a-tarrta'. [Catar'rhus; from 
xarappim, to “flow down.”] A common 
cold in the head or chest; also, Influenza; 
likewise the mucous fluid poured out by 
the bladder under disease or catarrh of 
that organ, the discharge in Leucorrhcea, 
or catarrh of the vagina. 
Ca-tarrh'al. [Catarrha'lis.] Be- 
longing to catarrh. 
Cat-a-stag'mus.* [From Kara, 
“down,” and <mi£co, to “drop,” to “flow 
by drops.”] A term applied by some 
medical writers to a defluxion from the 
fauces, etc. The same as Catarrh. 
Cat-a-shU'tle. [Catastal'ticus; 
from KaraareWn), to “restrain.”] Having 
power to restrain, check, or astringe. 
Applied to medicines that check evacua- 
tions, as astringent and styptic sub- 
stances ; the same as Anastaltic. Ap- 
plied by M. Hall to the action of the 
Vis nervosa, from above downwards. 
Catechu, kat'e-ku. [Said to be de- 
rived from the Japanese Kate, a “tree,” 
and chu, “juice.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
name for an extract obtained chiefly 
from the wood of Acacia catechu. The 
term is applied to a variety of astringent 
extracts, which are imported under the 
names of terra japonica (Japan earth), 
cutch, and yamhir. 
Cat-e-ehu'ic An acid (some- 
what resembling gallic acid) obtained 
by Buchner from catechu. 
Cath. == Cathar'ticus.* “Cathartic.” 
Cath-je-ret'ic, or Cath-e-ret'ic. 
[Catlueret'icus; from xadaipew, to “re- 
move.”] Mildly caustic, as nitrate of silver. 
Ca-thar'sis.* [From xaOaipco, to 
CAT 
105 CAT 
CAU 
“purgo.”] Purgation of the excrements, 
medically or naturally. 
Ca-t liar'tie. [Catliar'ticus; from 
the same.] Applied to a medicine which 
quickens or increases evacuation from 
the intestines, or produces purging. 
Ca-tliar'tin. [Catliarti'na; from 
KaOaiiioj, to “ purge.”] A peculiar princi- 
ple obtained from jalap .and senna leaves, 
on which their purging quality depends. 
Ca-tliar'to-car'pus list u-la.® 
Another name for the tree producing 
cassia. See Cassia Fistula. 
Catli'c-ter.* [Gr. Kaderrjp; from 
KaOu'iiu, to “thrust into.”] A surgical 
instrument like a tube, closed, but with 
several small perforations towards the 
extremity, which is introduced into the 
bladder through the urethra for the pur- 
pose of drawing off the urine in cases of 
retention, etc. 
Catli'e-ter-i£'mus.* [From cath1- 
eter.\ The operation of introducing the 
catheter: cath'eterism. 
Cath'dde. [From Kara, “down,” and 
6<5of, a “way.”] In electro-chemical 
action, that part of the decomposing 
body which the electric current-leaves. 
Catli-od'ic. [Cathod'icus; from 
Kara, “downwards,” and bids, a “way.”] 
Proceeding downwards. Applied by M. 
Hall to the course of action of the ner- 
vous influence. See Catastalticus. 
Ca-thol'I-eon.* [From KaOoXucis, 
“universal,” “unchanging.”] A pana- 
cea, or universal medicine. 
Ca'tl-on.* [Gr. unw, the present 
participle of xareipi, to “go down,” to 
“descend.”] Literally, “descending,” 
or “passing down.” A term in electro- 
chemical action for a body that passes 
to the cathode of the decomposing body. 
Cat'kin. The same as Amentum, 
which see. 
Cat'litig. A double-edged, sharp- 
pointed, straight knife for amputations. 
Catnep. See Cataria. 
Cat'o-ehe,* or Cat'o-eluis. 5 [From 
KaTEXa>, to “restrain,” to “retain,” to 
“keep.”] A kind of catalepsy in which 
the body is kept rigidly in an erect pos- 
ture. 
Eat-op’tric, €at-op’tri-oal. [Oat- 
op'tricus; from Karonrpov, a “ mirror.”] 
Belonging to a mirror, or to Catoptrics. 
<’at-op'tries. [Catop'trica; from 
the same.] That branch of Optics which 
treats of the reflection of light. 
. Cat’s Eye. A mineral brought from 
Ceylon: so called from a peculiar play 
of light arising from white fibres inter- 
spcrsed. The French call this appear, 
ance chatoyant (sh&'tw&'yoN0'). 
Oafs Purr. A characteristic sound 
of the chest, heard by means of the 
stethoscope. 
Cat’s Tail. The common name for 
the Typha. 
Cau'da E-qui'na.* (“Horse-tail.”) 
The termination of the spinal marrow, 
giving off a large number of nerves, 
which, when unravelled, resemble a 
horse’s tail. 
Cau'dal. [Cauda'lis; from cau'da, 
a “tail.”] Belonging to the tail. 
Cau'date. [Cauda'tus; from the 
same.] Having a tail. 
Cau'dex.* The trunk of a tree. In 
Botany, the stem, or ascending axis of 
growth, is termed caudex ascendens; the 
root, or descending axis, caudex descen- 
dei>8. 
Cau-dic'u-la.* [Diminutive of cau'- 
da, a “tail.”] A prolongation in cer- 
tain plants in the form of a filament, 
which bears the masses of pollen: a 
cau'dicule, or cau'dicle. 
Caul. The epiploon, or omentum. 
Sometimes applied to a portion of the 
amnion which occasionally envelops the 
child’s head at birth. 
[Caules'cens; from 
cau'lts, a “stem,” and -esco, a Latin ter- 
mination signifying to “grow.”] Grow- 
ing to a stem. 
Cau-lic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of can’- 
lis, a “stem.”] The intermediary part 
of the embryo which has germinated 
between the cotyledons and the root; 
a cau'licule, or cau'licle. 
Cau-ll-llo'rous. [Cauliflo'rus; 
from can'lie, a “stem,” and flox, a “flow- 
er.”] Having flowers on the stem. 
Can'll-flow-er A 
disease of the os uteri, supposed by 
Gooch to be encephalosis. 
Cau'll-form. [Caulifor'inis: from 
cau'l.is, a “stem.”] Formed like a stem. 
Cau'line. [Cauli'nus; from can'Us, 
a “stem.”] Belonging to a stalk or 
stem. Applied to leaves which arise 
directly from the stem. 
Cau-Io-car'pous. [Caulocar'peus; 
from cau'lix, a “stem,” and Kapirog, 
“fruit.”] Having persistent stems, fre- 
quently bearing fruit. 
Cau'ina,atix* [From Kano,to “burn.”] 
The burning heat of fever. 
Caus tic. [Caus tit'iis: from xaiw, 
to “burn.”] Possessing causticity. As 
a noun (Lat. Canx'ticum) it denotes a 
substance which, by its chemical proper- 
106 CAU 
CEL 
ties, destroys the texture of organized 
bodies: such are the pure alkalies, the 
concentrated mineral acids, lunar caustic, 
etc. 
Caus'tic Al'ka-13. An alkali com- 
paratively pure, or one which has not 
lost its caustic properties by combination 
with another substance, as, for example, 
with carbonic acid, or with oil. 
Caustic, Lunar. See Lunar Caustic. 
Caustic Potash. See Potassa. 
Cau«*-ti<; i-ty. a'tie; 
from caut’ticusJ] The quality which 
distinguishes caustic substances. See 
Caustic. 
Caus'tl-cum A-eer'rl-muin* (the 
superlative degree of a'cer, “ sharp”). 
The old name for caustic potash,—the 
strongest common caustic. 
Cau'sus.* [Gr. xavaos, a “burning 
heat.”] A variety of malignant remittent 
fever: so named on account of its ex- 
cessive heat. It has been termed fe’hris 
ar’dens, “ ardent” or “ burning fever.” 
Cau-ter-I-za'tion. [Cauteriza'- 
tio, o'nf's.] The act of applying the 
cautery. 
[Caute'rium; from xaico, 
to “burn,” or more directly from *aunj- 
pioi/,a“ red-hot iron” or “branding-iron.”] 
The application of a caustic substance, 
or of a hot iron; also, the hot iron or 
substance thus applied. 
Cau'tery, Ac'tu-al. [Caute'rium 
Actua'le.] The employment of actual 
burning (i.e. heated iron, fire, etc.) for 
the cure or removal of a diseased part. 
See Actual Cautery. 
Cau'tery, Po-ten'tial. [Caute'ri- 
nm Potentia'lis.] The application 
of caustic substances, as potassa, lunar 
caustic, etc. 
Cav'er-nous. [Caverno'sus; from 
caver'net, a “cavern.”] Having cells or 
caverns. 
Cav'ernous Si nus. A sinus on the 
base of the cranium. 
t’awk. A name sometimes given to 
the sulphate of barytes, or heavy spar. 
Cayenne (ka-yen') Pep'per. The 
ground pods and seeds of the Cajnicum 
annuinn ; Guinea pepper. 
C. C. = Cucurbit' ula Cruen'ta.* A 
cupping-glass. 
C. C. = Cor'nn Cer'vi.* Hartshorn. 
C. C. U. = Cor'nn Cer'vi Us'tum.* 
Burnt hartshorn. 
Ceanotiius. See Bed Boot. 
Cebadilla (Sp.), s&-i?a-Deel'yL The 
seeds of the Asaijrea officinalis, a plant 
of the order Melanthaceie. See Veratria. 
Ce'cal. [Caeca lis.] Belonging to 
the Ctecum. See Cascal. 
Cecum. See Caecum. 
Cedrelaceae,* sed-re-la'she-e. An 
important natural order of trees (includ- 
ing Cedrela and Mahogany) found in 
the tropics of America and India. In 
general the bark is a powerful astrin- 
gent, and the wood fragrant. The bark 
of the Cedre'la too'na and of Mahogany 
is febrifugal; the former is astringent, 
and a tolerably good substitute for Peru- 
vian bark in intermittent fevers. 
Ce'tlron. The common name of the 
Sima'ba Ce'dron, a tree growing in 
South and Central America. The seeds 
are considered to be a remedy for snake- 
bites and other animal poisons. The 
raspings of the wood have been used in 
intermittents as a substitute for quinine. 
Celandine. See Chelidonium. 
Celastracew,* sel-as-tra'she-e. 
[From Celas' true, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of shrubs, which have 
acrid properties, sometimes stimulant. 
The Euonymus (Spindle-Trefe, or Burn- 
ing Bush) is an example. 
Ce-las'trus.* The name of a genus 
of plants of the class Pentandria, natu- 
ral order Celastracete. 
Celas'trus Scan'dens* (the “ Climb- 
ing Celastrus”), sometimes called the 
Climbing Staff-tree and False Bitter- 
sweet. A climbing shrub common in 
the United States: the bark is said to 
possess narcotic as well as emetic and 
diaphoretic properties. 
£e'le.* [Gr. *j/A>).] A word formerly 
used for hernia; now, added as a suffix 
to another word, it signifies a tumor 
caused by protrusion of some soft part 
or parts denoted by the first portion of 
the term, as Enterocele, Epiplocele, etc.; 
also, swelling of a part, as Sarcocele ; 
or its enlargement by the presence of 
fluid, as Hydrocele. 
Cel'es-tlne. [From cm'lum, the 
“sky.”] Sulphate of strontian ; so named 
from its frequently presenting a blue 
color. 
Cell. [Cel'Ia; supposed to be de- 
rived from ce'lo, to “conceal.”] Lite- 
rally, a “cellar” or “cavity,” hence, 
any hollow space. In Botany the term 
is applied to the cavity or cavities of a 
pericarp in which the seeds are lodged. 
According to the number of these cavi- 
ties, a pericarp is termed one-celled, two- 
celled, etc. It also denotes the 
of an anther, ovary, etc. In Physiology, 
a cell or cellule constitutes the origin or 
107 CEL 
CEN 
commencement of every plant and ani- 
mal, and the elementary form of every 
tissue. In fact, the entire organized 
body, whether animal or vegetable, may 
be considered to be made up of a conge- 
ries of cells, each set having its own 
appropriate endowment or function, as 
nutrition, secretion, absorption, etc. 
Cell-Nucleus. See Cytoblast. 
Cell-Ttae'o-ry. The theory or pro- 
position that there exists one general 
principle for the formation of all organic 
productions,—i.e. the formation of cells; 
also, the conclusions drawn from this 
proposition. 
Cell'u-lar. [Cellula'ris; from cel'- 
luln.] Having, or consisting of, cells. 
See Cellular Tissue. 
Cell'ular Plants [termed in Latin 
Cellula'res]. A name sometimes ap- 
plied to cryptogamous plants. 
Cell'ular Yis'sue. [Te'la Cellu- 
la'ris and Te'la Cellulo'sa; Fr. Tiesu 
cellnlaire, ti'sii' sel’ii'laiR'.] Called also 
Cell'ular Mem'brane. The most com- 
mon of all the organic tissues, consti- 
tuting the net-work which connects the 
minute parts of most of the structures 
of the body. It has also been called 
Are'olar Tis'sue, on account of the 
areolm, or interstices, with which it 
abounds. See Areolar. 
Cell'ule. [Cel’lula, the diminutive 
of cel'la, a “ cell.”] A little cell. See Cell. 
Cell'u-ldse. [From cel'lnla.] The 
substance of which the cellular tissue of 
plants is chiefly composed. 
Ce-Iot'o-my. [Celoto'mla; from 
itriXri, a “ tumor,” “ hernia,” and to 
“cut.”] The operation for hernia. 
Ce'inent. [Csemen'tuni.] Any 
substance used for cementing together 
what may have been broken, as lute, 
solder, etc. Also, a composition by which 
metals are changed. See Tooth. 
Cem-en-ta'tion. [Csementa'tlo, 
o'nii; from csemen'tuni.] A process by 
which metals are purified or changed in 
their qualities by heat without fusion, 
by means of a composition, called a ce- 
ment, with which they are covered. 
?i [From rii'tooif, “evacu- 
ation.”] Morbid [fluid] evacuations or 
discharges. The name of an order in 
Dr. Good’s class Genetica. 
Cen-tau'rl-l Ca-cu'nil-na.* The 
tops of the Erytliriea centaurium; di- 
rected for use by the Colleges of London 
and Edinburgh. See ErythrjEA. 
Ceu-tau'rl-um.* [From rivravpoi, a 
“centaur.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Ed. Ph.) of Erythrrea centaurium, tho 
medicinal properties of which are similar 
to those of Gentian. 
(Vn-lI-f'o'li-oiiH. [ ton I i to I Ins; 
from cen'tnm, a “hundred,” and fo'limn, 
a “leaf.”] Having a hundred leaves. 
Cen'ti-grmle. [Ontlg'riulns; 
from cen’tnm, a “hundred,” and yra'due, 
a “grade.”] Having a hundred grades 
or degrees. Applied to a French ther- 
mometer thus divided. 
Centigramme, sen'te-gram. French 
pronunciation, S0N°'tAgrilmm'. [From 
cen'tnm, a “hundred,” and gram'ma, a 
“ gramme.”] The hundredth of a gramme, 
equal to 0.154 of a grain avoirdupois, or 
one-sixth of a grain troy. 
Centilitre, [Fr. cent, a 
“hundred,” and li'tre.] The one-hun- 
dredth part of a litre; equal to 0.6102 
of an English cubic inch. 
Centimetre, sen-te-me’tr, or sox'te- 
rnetR'. [Fr. cent, a “hundred,” and 
mitre.] The one-hundredth part of a 
metre; equal to 0.394, or two-fifths, of 
an English inch. 
Cen'tl-pede. [Cen'tipes, p'edis; 
from cen'tnm, a “hundred,” and pes, a 
“foot.”] Having a hundred feet, or 
many feet. The name of an animal (or 
insect) having many feet. 
Cen'trad. [From ad, “to” or “to- 
wards,” and cen'trum, the “centre.”] 
Applied the same as Central used ad- 
verbially. 
Cen'tral. [Centra'lls; from cen'- 
trum, the “centre.”] Applied by Dr. 
Barclay to the body and organs gene- 
rally, as meaning towards the centre. 
Cen'tre of Grav'I-tjf. That point 
in a body about which all the parts 
exactly balance one another, so that, if 
that point be supported, every part would 
be in te.quilibrio and the whole body be 
at rest. 
Cen'tres, Sfer'vons. The brain, 
spinal cord, and sympathetic ganglia. 
Cen-trlf'n-gal. [Centrif'ugns; 
from cen'trum, the “centre,” and fn'gio, 
to “ fly.”] Flying from the centre. 
Centrifugal Force. That force by 
which a body moving in a circular orbit, 
and striving (according to the laws of 
forces) to proceed in a straight course, 
tends to fly off from the centre in a 
tangent to the orbit. 
Cen-trip'e-tal. [Centrip'etns; 
from cen'trum, the “centre,” and pe'to, 
to “ seek.”] Tending towards the 
centre. 
Centrip'etal Force. That force by 
108 CEN 
CEP 
which a body moving round another 
tends or is impelled to the centre. 
Cen-t ro-tttftl' tic. [Cen t rostal' t 1- 
cus; from cen’trum, the “centre,” and 
stal’ticus, “staltic.”] Applied by M. 
Hall to the action of the Vis nervosa in 
the spinal centre. 
Cen'trum.* [Gr. idvTpov, from kcv- 
tecj, to “prick” or “pierce.”] Literally, 
a “centre.” Applied by Owen, in Com- 
parative Anatomy, to the homologues of 
the body of a vertebra. 
Cen'triim Coin-mu'ne.* Literally, 
the “common centre” [of nerves or of 
ganglia]. The solar plexus. 
Centrum Ovale (of VicqD’Azyr). 
See Vicq D’Azyr, etc. 
Centrum Ovale* (of Vieussens). 
See Vieussens, etc. 
Ceph-a-e'Ils.® A Linntean genus of 
the class Pextandria, natural order Cin- 
chonacese. 
Cephae'Iis Ip-e-eac-u-an'ha.* The 
plant from which ipecacuanhais obtained. 
£eph-a-lje'a.* [From KSipaXrj, the 
“ head.”] A term for diseases of the head. 
a-lse-ma-to'ma,* or Ceph'a- 
lo-lia'-inn-to mn. [From KOpaXp, the 
“head,” and alpa, “blood.”] A san- 
guineous tumor, sometimes occurring in 
new-born children. 
£eph-a-lseinl-a.® [From sepaXp, the 
“head,” and aipa, “blood.”] Congestion 
of the head or of the brain. 
£e*phal 'a-gra.* [From KttpaXii, the 
“head,” and ixypa, a “seizure.”] Chronic 
pain of the head, gouty or rheumatic. 
£eph-a-liU'£!-»•* [From sepaXp, the 
“head,” and «Xyoy, “pain.”] Headache, 
or pain in the head : eeph'alalgy. 
£e-phal'ic. [Cephal'iens; from 
KcipaXfi, the “head.”] Belonging to the 
head. 
£ephal'lc Vein. The anterior vein 
of the arm; formerly opened in disor- 
ders of the head. 
Cephalitis. See Encephalitis. 
£eph'a-lo-. [From “head.”] 
This, in compound names of muscles, etc., 
denotes connection with the head. 
£epha-lo-dyn'I-a.* [From scpaXn, 
the “head,” and oimvn, “pain.”] Head- 
ache; pain in the head. 
£epliaI-o-gen'e-sis.* [From scpaXfi, 
the “head,” and yevemf, “generation,” 
or “creation.”] The doctrine of the 
formation of the brain. 
£eph-a-log' ra-phji. [Cephaio- 
gra'phia; from iccpaXf), the “head,” and 
yp,i<pw, to “write.”] A description of 
heads. 
Cephnlolnrmatoma. See Ceph- 
ALjEMATOMA. 
£eph'a-loid. [C'ephaloi'des: from 
Ks<pa\fi, the “head.”] Resembling the 
head. 
[CephaIoloJgia; 
from Kt<pa\r), the “head,” and Xdyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] A treatise on the head; 
the science of the head considered in its 
anatomical and physiological aspects. 
£epli-a-lo'ina.* [From KopaXu, the 
“head.”] A medullary tumor; a mor- 
bid product resembling brain, sometimes 
called encephaloid, or cerebriform tumor, 
medullary sarcoma, etc. 
[V|iIi-a-loiii'e-ter. [Cephalom’e- 
trum; from nEi/iaXrj, the “ head,” and 
jiCTpov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
for ascertaining the size of the foetal 
head during parturition. 
['t'pha-lo-jiIiar-jii-g.T iis.5 [From 
KeifaXfi, the “ head,” and </»ipvy£, the 
“pharynx.”] A designation of the con- 
stridor superior pharyngis muscle. 
£eph-a>loph,0'-ra.* [From KtydXij, tho 
“head,” to “ bear;” because sup- 
ported by their heads.] See Cepha- 
lopoda. 
Cephalop'oda, or Ceph'alopods. 
See Ce ph a 1.0 pod us. 
£epli'a-lop'o-dus.* [From KepaXfj, 
the “head,” and novs, a “foot.”] Ceph- 
alop'odous. Applied in the neuter plural 
(Cephalop'oda, or Ceph'alopods) to a 
class of Mollusca in which the strong 
fleshy members by means of which they 
crawl proceed from the head,—in other 
words, the head is situated between the 
body and the feet. 
£eph'a-lot.* [From Kupa\n, the 
“head.”] A peculiar fat found in the brain, 
containing phosphorus and sulphur. 
£eph'a-Io-tho'rax.* [From Kc<pa\fi, 
the “ head,” and 0-'pu£, the “chest.”] The 
first segment of the Arachnida and Crus- 
tacea, including in one what in insects 
is divided into head and thorax. 
£cph 'a-Io-tdme. [Cephalot'omns; 
from KC(j>a\n, the “head,” and Tcpiao, to 
“cut.”] An instrument for cutting or 
breaking down the head of the foetus. 
There are various forms and adaptations 
of it. 
fepli-a-lol o-my. [Cephaloto'- 
mia; from sziPaXit, the “head,” and ripvoi, 
to “cut.”] Dissection of the head ; also, 
the cutting or breaking down of the 
foetal head. 
£eph'a-lo-tribe.* [From Kt<ba\v, 
the “head,” and rpi'Sco, to “break down.”] 
An instrument intended to supersede the 
109 CER 
CEIl 
crotchet and perforator in the operation 
of craniotomy. 
Ce'ra.® [Gr. <o;pi%, “wax; Fr. Give, 
s&r.] Wax. The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Brit. Ph.) of bleached yellow wax. A 
membrane covering the base of the beak 
of birds in which the nostrils are pierced. 
Ce'ra Al'ba.® (“White Wax.”) Yel- 
low wax bleached. 
Ce'ra Fla'va.® (“Yellow Wax.”) 
Bees’-wax in its natural state; “a pecu- 
liar concrete substance prepared by Apis 
mellifica” (U.S. Ph.). 
Ce-ra'ceous. [Cera'ceus; from 
ce'ra, “wax.”] Of tho appearance or 
consistence of wax. 
Ceramiaceie,® se-ram-e-a'she-e. 
[From Cera'miuin, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of cryptogamous plants, 
consisting of sea-weeds (Algte). It in- 
cludes several species which are gelati- 
nous and valuable for food. Among 
these are the Dulse of the Scots, and 
Carrageen moss. The esculent nests of 
the Chinese swallow are supposed to 
derive their value from a plant of this 
order.—( Lind le v. ) 
Cfirat, sAri'. The French term for 
Cerate. See Ceratum. 
Ce-ra'ta,® the plural of Ceratum, 
which see. 
Cerate. See Ceratum. 
[From sipas, a “horn.”] 
The same as Corneitis, which see. 
A’e-ra'to-. [From sipag, a “ horn.”] 
A prefix denoting connection with the 
cornu or horn of the hyoid bone, or with 
the cornea. 
£e-rat o-bran'ehl-al. [Cerato- 
braiiehiit lis: from cera'to, and Bp'iy- 
X«i, the “ gills.”] Applied in Comparative 
Anatomy to the longer bent pieces, sup- 
ported by the bones which form the 
lower extremities of the branchial arches 
in fishes. 
£e-rat'o-£ele.® [From sepas, a “ horn,” 
and <o?Ap, a “ tumor.”] A hernia of tho 
cornea. 
£e-rat'o-sIos'sus.® [From cera'to, 
and y\-oma, the “tongue.”] A name for 
the Hyo-glossns muscle, from its appear- 
ance and insertion : cerat'oglossal. 
{le-rato-hy’al. [Ceratohya'lis; 
from Kepa;, a “horn,” and hyoi'des, “hy- 
oid.”] Applied by Owen to the lower 
and larger of the two principal parts of 
the cornu of the hyoid bone. 
[Ccratoi ties: from 
Kcpa;, a .“horn,” and ehW, a “form.”] 
Resembling a horn. 
Coral oma. See Keratoma. 
Ceratonyxis. See Kf.ratonvxis. 
se-rat'o-lil-la'- 
she-e, or £e-rat'o-phyl'Ie-se.* A 
natural order of plants, consisting of one 
genus, Ceratophyllnm, a weed found in 
ditches and constantly submerged. 
ye-rat o-plas'tl-ea.* [From sipas, a 
“horn,” and nXjaaoi, to “form.”] The 
artificial formation of the cornea: cer'- 
atoplasty. 
5 [From sepag, a “horn.”] 
Having, or containing, horn ; full of horn. 
£e-rat'o-toine. [Ceralot’oinus; 
from Ktpaq, a “ horn,” and ripiu), to “ cut.”] 
A knife for dividing the cornea. 
££r-a-tot'o-my. [Ceratoto'mia; 
from Kepas, a “ horn,” and rr/ii/w, to “cut.”] 
Cutting of the cornea. 
Ce-ra'tnm,* plural £e-ra'ta. [From 
ce'ra, “ wax.”] Ce'rate. A compound 
ointment in which wax predominates as 
an ingredient, and which is, therefore, 
of a somewhat firmer consistency than 
common ointments. Also applied to 
compounds of a similar consistency, 
though not containing wax. 
Cera'tum Ad i-pis.® (“Cerate of 
Lard.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph., 1800) for simple cerate. See 
Ceratum Simplex. 
Ceratum Can-thAr'i-dis.® (“Ce- 
rate of Cantharides.”) The common 
blistering plaster (or salve) of the shops. 
It is composed of twelve parts of pow- 
dered cantharides, of yellow wax and 
resin each seven parts, and of lard ten 
parts. 
Cera'tmn IMumbi Sub-ay-e-ta- 
tis.® (“ Cerate of Subacetate of Lead.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name for what is 
commonly called Goulard’s Cerate, 
which see. 
Cera'tmn Re-si'me.® (“Cerate of 
Resin.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
what is popularly known as Basilicon 
Ointment. See Basilicon. 
Cera'tnni Simplex® (“Simple Ce- 
rate”) is prepared by melting together 
eight parts of lard and four of white 
wax, and stirring the mixture until it is 
cool. Used as a mild and emollient ap- 
plication to inflamed surfaces. 
Cerehims,® serk'nus. [Gr. sipxio$ ; 
from Krpxcj, to “ render hoarse.”] A noisy 
respiration : wheezing. 
Ce're-al. [Ceroa’lis; from Ceres, the 
goddess of Corn.] Pertaining to corn. 
Ce-re-a'll-a.® [From ceren'lis, “be- 
longing to Ceres.”] All sorts of corn; 
of which bread or any nutritious sub- 
stance is made. 
110 Ce're-a-lin. [Cereali'na; from 
Ceres, the goddess of Corn.] The nu- 
tritious principle of flour. 
C£r-e-bel-ii'tis.* [From cerebel'lum.\ 
Inflammation of the cerebellum. 
Cfir-e-belTiiiii.* [Diminutive of 
cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] (Fr. Cervelet, 
seuv'li'.) The little brain, situated at 
the lower and back part of the cranium. 
It was considered by Gall to be the seat 
of venereal desire; but this view is con- 
tradicted by many facts. 
C£r'e-bral. [Cerebra'lis; from 
cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] Belonging to 
the brain; brain-like. 
Cer-e'brie. [Cereb'rieus; from 
cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] Applied to a 
fatty acid existing in the brain in com- 
bination with soda. 
Cer-e'brl-forin. [Cerebrifor'mis; 
from cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] Like the 
form or substance of the brain ; encepha- 
loid. 
Cer'e-brin, or C#r'e-brine. [Cer- 
ebri'nsi; from cer'ebrum, the “brain.”] 
A reddish, fatty substance found in the 
brain. 
C£r-e-bri'tis.* [From cer'ebrum, 
the “ brain.”] Inflammation of the brain. 
See Encephalitis. 
C€r'e-bro-. A prefix in compound 
terms denoting connection with the 
cerebrum. 
CSr'e-broicl. [Cerebroi'iles; from 
cer'ebrum,the“brain.”] Resembling brain. 
C£r'e-brot.* [From cer'ebrum, the 
“brain.”] The same as Cephalot. 
Cer'e-brum.* [From xdpa, the “ head;” 
Fr. Cerveau, sea'vo', and Cervelle, seR'- 
vell'.] The brain proper, occupying 
the entire upper portion of the cranium, 
and separated from the cerebellum by 
the tentorium. It is divided on its upper 
surface, by a deep median cleft, into two 
equal portions, called hemispheres, which 
are united at the base by a hard body, 
called the corpus callosum, or commissura 
mayna. The lower surface of the cere- 
brum is divided into three lobes, called 
anterior, middle, and posterior. 
The brain is primarily composed of two 
substances, the one white, medullary, 
and fibrous, constituting the interior 
portion, the other gray, or eineritious, 
situated chiefly on the surface. 
Cerevisia,* ser-e-vish'e-a. [As if Ca- 
rer is vis in aqua, the “strength of corn 
in water.”] Any liquor brewed from 
corn ; ale ; beer. 
Cerevis'ise Fer-men'tain.* (“Lea- 
ven or Yeast of Beer.”) Yeast, or barm. 
CER 
A$'i«l. [From ce'ra, 
An acid produced by the action of the 
fixed alkalies on wax. 
Ce'rin, or Ce'rlue. [Cerl'na; from 
ce'ra, “ wax.”] A component of common 
wax which dissolves in sixteen times its 
weight of boiling alcohol, and has pro- 
perties almost exactly the same as those 
of wax. 
Ce'rl-um.* A white metal found in 
a Swedish mineral called cerite, also in 
allanite. See Tellurium. 
Cer'nu-ous. [Cer'nuiis; from cer'- 
nuo, to “bow downward.”] Nodding, 
or stooping. 
Ce-ro'ma.* [From <u?p<k, “wax.”] 
Another name for Cerate. Sometimes 
applied to an adipose tumor of the brain, 
from its waxy appearance; called also 
lardaceous deyeneration. 
[Cwrnli'na; from csr- 
ru'lus, “blue.”] The name given to the 
coloring matter of a peculiar substance 
obtained from indigo by the action of 
sulphuric acid. 
Ce-ru'men,* gen. Ce-ru'min-is. 
[From ce'ra, “wax.”] Ear-wax. The 
wax-like secretion of the ear given out 
by follicles of the inner surface of the 
Meatus auditories externus. 
Ce-m mi-nous. [Ceriimino'siiN; 
from ceru'men.] Belonging to the ceru- 
men; of the nature of cerumen. 
(V'rusc. or Ce'riisse. [Cerus'sa; 
from krip, a “plague,” “death,” or “poi- 
son ;” from its poisonous qualities.] The 
subcarbonate of lead; white lead. 
Cerveau, Cervelle. See Cerebrum. 
Cervelet. See Cerebellum. 
Cer'vl-eal. [Cervica’lis; from cer'- 
vix, the “neck.”] Belonging to the neck. 
Cer'vl-llse.* [From cer'viis, a “stag.”] 
A family of animals having the Cervus 
for their type. 
Cer'vix, i'cis.* The neck, more 
particularly the back part. Also applied 
to those parts of organs that are nar- 
rowed like a neck. 
Cervoisc, seR'vwSV. The French 
term for beer. See Cerevisia. 
Cer'viis.* [From sepa;, a “horn.”] 
A “stag.” Also the name of a genus of 
Mammalia Rnminantia. 
Cer'viis El'e-pUas.* The systematic 
name of the stag, the horns of which 
afford some valuable medicines. See 
Cornu. 
Ces'pl-tose. [Cespito'sus: from 
ces'pes, ces'pitis, a “ turf.”] Producing 
many stems from one rooty forming a 
surface of turf or sod. 
CES 
111 CET 
CHA 
Cetacea,* se-ta'she-a, or Cetaceans, 
se-ta'shuns. [From ce'tus, a “whale.”] 
An order of Mammalia living in the sea, 
including the whale,dolphin,porpoise,etc. 
They breathe air, have warm blood, and 
can remain but a limited time under water. 
As they are often compelled to come to 
the surface for air, to facilitate their as- 
cent and descent, they are furnished with 
a horizontal tail-fin, and are thus ob- 
viously distinguished from the true fishes, 
in which the tail-fin is vertical. 
Ce-t»'ceous. [Ceta'ceus; from 
ce'tus, a “whale.”] Belonging to the 
whale; of the nature of the whale. 
Cetaceum,® se-ta'she-um. [From 
ce'tus, a “whale.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
name || of spermaceti, an oily, concrete, 
crystalline, semi-transparent matter ob- 
tained from several species of whale, 
but chiefly the Physe'ter macroceph'alus. 
Ce'tic A supposed peculiar 
acid resulting from the saponification of 
cctin, found to be only a mixture of 
margaric acid and cetin. 
Ce'tin. [Ceti'na; from ce’tus, a 
“ whale.”] Another name for spermaceti. 
Ce-tra'rl-a.® The Pharmacopoeial 
name || of the Cetraria Islandica, or Ice- 
land moss. 
Cetra'rla Is-lan'dl-ea.® The sys- 
tematic name of Iceland moss, otherwise 
called Lichen Islandicus and Lichen Ce- 
traria. 
Ce-tra'rtn. [Cetrari'na.] The bit- 
ter principle of the Cetraria Islandica. 
Ce-vad'ie A$'id. An acid produced 
by the saponification of the oil of the 
Veratrum Sabadilla or Cevadilla, some- 
times called Sabadilic acid. 
€eylon Moss. See Jafna Moss. 
t'haff. See Palea. 
Chailletiacese,® kil-le-te-a'she-e. 
[From Chaille'tia, the name of one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees or shrubs, found in hot climates. 
Cha-la'sts.® The name given by 
Sau vages to the porcine species of scrofula. 
Cha-la'za.® [Gr. xdAaJa, a “hail- 
stone.”] A small tumor or tubercle 
found chiefly on the eyelid. See Chala- 
zion. In Botany, applied to an enlarge- 
ment of the raphe, where it joins the 
base of the nucleus. In the plural 
(Chalazte) it denotes two spiral bodies, 
situated one at each end of the egg, the 
apex of each adhering to the yelk. 
Cha-la'zl-on,® Cha-la'zl-um.® 
[From the same.] A small, transparent 
tubercle on the edge of the eyelid; called 
also Chalaza. 
Clia-la-zo'sis.® [Gr. Tho 
saino as Chalaza and Chalazion. 
Ah&l-can'tliuni.® [From xaX*d{, 
“brass,” and uj/0o$, a “flower.”] The 
“flowers of brass,” or the sulphate of 
zinc; Pliny’s term for copperas, or the 
sulphate of iron. 
or 
ni-ouM. IChalrwl 'onus, ChalrHloii'- 
icus. ] Having the external characters 
or appearance of chalcedony. 
(or kal'se-do-ne). 
[From Chalce'don, a town of Asia Minor 
where it was originally found.] A sili- 
ceous stone, much used in jewelry. 
('tialeiir, shi'luR'. The French word 
for “caloric” or “heat.” See Caloric. 
Chalk, chawk. [Lat. Cre'tn; Fr. 
Craie, kad.] Carbonate of lime; whiten- 
ing. 
Chalk, Black. Drawing-slate; 
a bluish-black clay, containing about 
twelve per cent, of carbon. 
Chalk, Red. A species of argillaceous 
iron ore. 
Chalk, Span'ish. Steatite, or soap- 
stone. 
Chalk-Stone. [Cal'cnlns Arthrit'- 
icus, or Cal 'cuius A 
concretion deposited in the hands and 
feet of those afflicted with gout, resem- 
bling chalk, though chemically different; 
gout-stone. They consist chiefly of uric 
acid and soda, sometimes, though rarely, 
of urate of lime. 
Cha-lyb'e-ate. [Chalybea'tus; 
from gen. JcSXufoy, “iron” or 
“steel.”] Containing iron; impregnated 
with iron. 
Chalyb'cate Wa'ters. Mineral 
waters whose predominating or active 
principle is iron. There are two kinds: 
the carbonated, containing carbonate of 
the protoxide of iron; and the sulphu- 
rated, containing sulphate of iron. Some 
of the latter contain sulphate of alumina, 
and are called aluminous sulphated cha- 
lybeates. 
Chamaewe,* ka-ma'she-e, or Cha- 
maceans, ka-ma'shans. [From cha'ma, 
a “clam.”] A family of acephalous 
mollusks, of which the common clam is 
the type. 
Cha-mae'le-on.* A name given to 
certain thistles, from the variety and 
uncertainty of their colors, like the 
changing hues of the chameleon. 
Clia-nue'le-on'I-dae.* [From cha- 
m«'leon.\ A family of Reptilia Sauric., 
having the chameleon for its type. 
Chamfeliaiiciacese,® ka-me-le-an- 
112 CHA 
CHE 
se-a'she-e. A natural order of plants, 
allied to the Myrtleblooms, found in 
Australia. They are bushes with fra- 
grant leaves. 
Cham-se-me'lum.* [From \aiftai, 
“on the ground,” and pfjXor, an “apple ;” 
so named, probably, on account of its 
globe-like flowers, or perhaps from its 
fragrance being supposed to resemble 
that of apples.] Literally, “ground- 
apple;” one of the names of the An'the- 
mis nob’ilis, or chamomile. 
Chanuenie'lum Jfob'I-le.* The 
Anthemis nobilis. 
Chambers of the Eye. See Ca- 
mera. 
Cha-me'le-on Min'e-ral. A com- 
bination of black oxide of manganese 
and potash, which gives a green color to 
water, passes gradually through all the 
shades of the prism, and at last becomes 
colorless. 
Cham'o-mlle. [See 
The popular name for the An'themis 
nob'ilis. An infusion of the flowers of 
this plant forms an excellent bitter tonic. 
Chain-o-inil'la Ilo-mana. An- 
other name for the Anthemis nobilis. 
Fr. pronunciation, 
sho.vkR. [A French corruption of the Latin 
caacer.] A sore or ulcer arising from the 
direct application of the syphilitic poison. 
Chan'doo'. An extract of opium 
prepared by the Chinese for smoking. 
Change of I.ife. In popular language, 
the constitutional disturbance often at- 
tending the cessation of the menstrual 
discharge in females. 
Chanvre. See Cannabis Sativa. 
I'haracese,:s ka-ra'she-e. [From 
Cha'ra, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of cryptogamous, aquatic plants, 
remarkable for the distinctness with 
which the rotation of their fluids may be 
seen under a microscope. See Chara 
Hispida. 
4'hftr'ac-ters, Chem 'I-cal. Various 
systems of these have been introduced, 
but are now almost entirely discarded 
from use. Abbreviations and contrac- 
tions are employed instead. See Ap- 
pendix. 
Cha'ra II is'pi-(la.: A submersed, 
leafless, aquatic plant, interesting to the 
physiologist as displaying the special 
circulation in plants, and as being analo- 
gous in Botany to the frog in Zoology. 
('har'coal commonly denotes coal 
from burnt wood (or carbn ligni), but is 
often used indefinitely for the residue of 
any animal or vegetable and of many 
mineral substances when heated to red - 
ness in close vessels. There are several 
varieties of charcoal, termed gas-carbon, 
lamp-black, wood-charcoal, coke, and 
ivory-black. 
Charple (Fr.), shar-pee\ A sub- 
stance composed of a collection of fila- 
ments separated from morsels of old 
linen rag, used as lint. 
(hartreux, Poudre «le, poodR d?h 
shaR'truh'. See Kermes Mineral. 
Chay Root, or Cha ya Root. The 
root of the Oldenlan'dia umbella'ta, used 
for giving the beautiful red of the 
Madras cottons. 
Cheek. See Bucca, Gena, Mala. 
Cheek'-Bone. The Os juga'le, Os 
ma'lte, or Os zygomat'icum. 
Cheese. [Lat. Ca'seus; Fr. From age, 
fro'm&zh'.] A substance prepared from 
milk, composed chiefly of casein mixed 
with a small but variable proportion of 
oil (butter). See Casein. 
Cheese Ren'net. The popular name 
for Galium Verum, which see. 
Cheiloplastic, k!-lo-plas'tik. [Chei- 
lo|>lns (i<-ns. j Belonging to the ope- 
ration of cheiloplasty. 
Cheiloplasity, ki'lo-plas-te. [Chei- 
loplas'tice; from yciAoj, the “lip,” and 
nXaaaco, to “form.”] The operation of 
supplying deficiencies of the lips by ap- 
propriating a sufficient portion of the 
neighboring healthy substance to that 
purpose. 
Cheiroptera. See Cheiropterus. 
Cheiropterus,* ki-rop'ter-us. 
[From \dp, the “hand,” and irrtpov, a 
“wing.”] Literally, “hand-winged,”— 
that is, having both wings and hands. 
Applied in the plural neuter (Cheirop'- 
tera) to a family of Mammalia that have 
a fold of skin extending from the neck 
between their fore-feet and toes, enabling 
certain of them to fly, as the bat-tribe: 
cheirop'terous. 
Che'lsu* [Gr. x 17X17.] A Latin word 
signifying “claw,” but found in the 
Roman writers only in the plural, Che'- 
he. It is applied in Natural History 
especially to the claws of the crab, lob- 
ster, and other Crustaceans. 
Chela; Cancrorum. See Cancro- 
RUM, LAPILLI et CHELA5. 
[From che'la, a 
“claw,” and stpa;, a “horn.”] In the plu- 
ral (CheliFerm) applied to the prehensile 
organs of certain Arachnides, terminated 
by two fingers, or a single one resem- 
bling a hook or claw. 
Chel-i-do'nl-um.* [From \e\iSJjv, a 
113 CHE 
CHr 
“swallow,” because its flowering coin- 
cides in time with the appearance of the 
swallow.] The Celandine (sel'an-dln), 
a genus of plants belonging to the Lin- 
naean class Po/yandria, natural order 
Papaveracem. 
Chclido'ninm Ma'jus.* (The 
“Greater Celandine.”) An herb, the 
yellow juice of which has been employed 
as an oscharotic to destroy warts. 
Clie-lif'er-ous. [Chelif'eniss from 
the'la, a “claw,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing, or having, claws, or pincers. 
Chel'I-form. [Cfielffor'mis; from 
che'la, a “claw.”] Formed like a claw. 
Clie'loid. [Cheloi'des; from 
a “tortoise,” and «7<io;, a “form.”] Ap- 
plied to a skin-disease; resembling the 
tortoise. 
Che-lo'nl-a.® [From *eX hvi?, a “ tor- 
toise.”] An order of Reptflia, including 
the several varieties of the tortoise. See 
Testudo. 
Chem'I-cal. [Chem'ieus; fromefte'- 
mi«.] Of, or belonging to, chemistry. 
Chein'is-tryE [Lat. Che'mia, Chi'- 
■ilia, or Cliy'mia; supposed by some 
to be derived from the Greek \vu), to 
“pour out,” or to “melt;” others derive 
it from the Arabic. Fr. Chimie, sh£'m6'.] 
“The science which investigates the 
composition of natural substances, and 
the permanent changes of constitution 
which their mutual actions produce.” 
flie-ino'sls,* or Chy-mo'sls.* 
[From a “humor,” or xniin, an 
“aperture.”] Inflammation of the con- 
junctiva, with lymph or blood effused in 
the cellular substance connecting it with 
the eyeball, so that it is greatly elevated 
and the cornea seems to form the bottom 
of a cavity. 
Chene (Fr.), shin. See Quercus. 
Cheiiopodiaceie,* ke-no-po-de-a'- 
slie-c. [From Chenopn'dium, one of the 
genera.] Tho Atrip'lices of Jussieu, a 
natural order of plan's, comprising spin- 
age, beet, and many weeds found in 
nearly all parts of the world. 
Che-no-po'dl-nm.® [From \fjv, a 
“goose,” and noi>s, irodd;, a “foot.”] A 
plant called Goosefoot, belonging to the 
Linnaean class Pentandria, natural order 
Chenopodiaeese. Several species of this 
genus possess anthelmintic properties. 
Chen opo'd in in An-thol-in i n 'tV- 
ciun.® Wormseed; a plant growing in 
different parts of the United States. The 
seeds are given in powder, as a remedy 
for worms, in the dose of one or two tea- 
spoonfuls to a child three or four years 
old. Of tho oil, the dose is from four to 
eight drops. 
I'lior ry-Iiiin'rol, or Cherry, Ray. 
The Pru'nus laurocer'atus. 
Ctaevestre, shij-ves'tr (Fr. pronun- 
ciation, [Eat. Gapin'trum, 
i.e. a “ halter.”] A double roller applied 
to the head in cases of fracture or luxa- 
tion of the lower jaw. 
C’hew'ins Balls. Masticatories used 
in farriery, composed of the wood of the 
bay and juniper trees, assafoetida, liver 
of antimony, and pellitory of Spain. 
Chewing the Cud. See Rumination. 
Chi-a&'ma, a tin.* [From to 
“make the letter X.”] Chi'asm. The 
crossing of the fibres of the optic nerve. 
See Intricatura. 
Ch faster,* A bandage for 
stopping haemorrhage from the temporal 
artery, and named from its being shaped 
like a cross or the Greek letter X (chi). 
Written also Kianter. 
CliioU'en S»ox. The popular English 
name for Varicella. 
Chijfre, chig'ger, Cliig-o, chee'go. 
(Fr. Chique, sh£k.) A small sand-flea 
of the West Indies, which insinuates 
itself into the soft and tender parts of 
the fingers and toes. 
Cliil'blain. [Per'nio. o'n/s.] See 
Blain. A painful inflammatory swell- 
ing on the fingers, toes, or heels, conse- 
quent on exposure to severe cold; a kibe. 
ChiUl-Bcd Fever. See Puerperal 
Fever. 
Clil-maph'I-la.* [From *£*><*, “win- 
ter,” and i[>i\ca), to “love.”] The Phar- 
macopoeial name for the Chitnaph'ila 
corymbn'sa. A Linnman genus of the 
class Decandria, natural order Pyrola- 
ceee. See Pvrola. 
Chimapli'ila Cor-ym-bo'sa,® Chi- 
■naph'11a Fm-bel-Ia'ta.* The Pyr'ola 
umbella'ta, or American winter-green. 
Cliimie, sh£'in6\ The French term 
for Chemistry, which see. 
Fhim Hey - Sweep'er's Can 'cer. 
[Can'eer Jfiindito'riiin.] See Cancer 
Scroti. 
Chi'na Glaze. A preparation for 
printing blue frit, made from ten parts 
of glass, two parts of lead, and three or 
more of blue calx. 
China Nova.® Ke'niV no'vL The 
name given in Germany to the red bark 
known in France as Quinquina nora (or 
Quinquina rouge); it is the produce of 
the Cinchona oblongi folia. It is very 
different from the red bark of English 
commerce, though they have been eon* 
114 CIII 
CIIL 
founded by the London Collego.—(IIob- 
1/YN.) 
Chinchilla,* kin-kee'na. Cinchona, 
or Peruvian bark. 
Chinchona. See Cinchona. 
Cliin-Cough. See Pertussis. 
Chi-ncse' Worm wood. The Arte- 
misia Chinensis, 
Chl-noi'din. [Chinoidi'na; from 
chi'na, “ Peruvian bark,” and clio;, “like- 
ness.”] A substance containing a small 
portion of amorphous quinine. 
Chi'ra-gra,* orCheir i>-gra.* [From 
\tip, the “hand,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] 
Gout in the joints of the hand. 
Chl-ret'ta.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the herb 
and root of the Agathotes chirayta, or 
Gentiana Chirayta, which see. 
Clii-ro'nl-a.- [From Chi' ran, the 
“centaur,” fabled to have been a skilful 
physician.] A Linnasan genus of the 
class Pentundria, natural order Gentiana- 
ceie. 
Chiro'nia Cen-tan'rl-nm.'* An 
herb called the Lesser Centaury. (Fr. 
Centauriepetite, sdN°'to'ri' The 
tops (Centan'rii cacti'mina) are aromatic 
and tonic. 
Chi-rur'geon. See Surgeon. 
Chi-rur'ger-y. [Chirnr'gia; from 
ysip, the “hand,” and ipyor, a “work.”] 
Literally, a “manual operation:” hence, 
that part of medicine which heals with 
the hand, without, however, excluding 
other remedies. See Surgery. 
Chi-rur'gl-cal. [Chirur'gicus; 
from chirnr’gia.] Belonging to sur- 
gery; surgical. 
Chi-rur'gns.* [From xrt'p, the 
“hand,” and Hpyov, a “work.”] A sur- 
geon. or chirurgeon. 
Chl-tl'na.* [From \it iv, a “doublet.”] 
The hard crust forming the outward in- 
tegument,—especially the elytra of cer- 
tain insects; the chitine. 
Chlsenacese,* kle-na'she-e. [From 
Xhatva. a “ cloak,” and, hence, an “ involu- 
cruin,” all plants of this order having 
involucra.] A natural order of exogen- 
ous trees and shrubs, found in Madagas- 
car: many of them have showy flowers. 
Sometimes written Chlenacese. 
Chlo-asnii). mis* [From yXois'<j, to 
“ be green.”] A cutaneous affection ex- 
hibiting spots and patches of a yellow- 
ish-brown color, sometimes oalled Mac’ - 
ulse hepat'icse (“liver spots”), from a 
supposition that they are caused by 
disease of the liver. The Pityriasis versi- 
color of Willan. 
Chlor-a-cet'ic A remark- 
able acid, in which the three atoms of the 
hydrogen of acetic acid are replaced by 
three atoms of chlorine. 
Cblo'ral. This term, derived from 
the first syllable of the words chlorine 
and alcohol, has been applied by Liebig 
to a new compound of chlorine, carbon, 
and oxygen, prepared by the mutual 
action of alcohol and chlorine. 
Chlorantl»ac«*»v*klo-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From Chloran' thus, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of plants, found in the 
hot parts of India and America. They 
have stimulating properties of great im- 
portance. The root of Chloran' thus offi- 
cina'lis is prized in Java as a remedy for 
typhus fever. 
Chlorate, [(hlo'ras. a 'tit; from 
chlor'icum A combination of 
chloric acid with a base. 
Chlo ric, [i lilo ricus: from chlo'- 
rium, “ chlorine.”] Derived from chlo- 
rine; of the nature of chlorine. 
Chlo'ric E'tlior. Under this name 
two compounds have been confounded. 
One of these results from the action of 
chlorine on olefiant gas, and is generally 
known as the oil of the Dutch chemists. 
The other is obtained by passing hydro- 
chloric acid gas into alcohol to satura- 
tion and distilling the product; this is 
generally called hydrochloric ether. 
Chloride*. [Chlo'ridiim; from 
chlo'rium. Er. Chlorine, klo'riiR'.] A 
combination of chlorine with different 
substances. 
Chloride of Mercury. See IIv- 
DRARGYJH CHLORIDIJM. 
Chlo rine. [Ctilo'rinm; fromyXoi- 
po;, “green.”] An elementary body, for- 
merly called oxy-muriatic acid, also de- 
phlugisticated marine acid. 
Clilo-rUo-date. [Clilori'odas,a'h'«; 
from chloriod'icum agidum.] A combina- 
tion of chloriodic acid with a base. 
Chlo-ri-od'ic. [Chloriod'ieus; 
from chlo'rium, “chlorine,” and iodin'- 
ium, “iodine.”] Belonging to chlorine 
and iodine. Applied to an acid ob- 
tained from this compound. 
Chlo'ro-. A prefix in compound 
terms, meaning that chlorine is one of 
the components of the substance de- 
noted, or is employed in its preparation. 
Chlo-ro-car-bon'ie. [Chlorocar- 
bon'icus; from chloro-, and carlo'- 
ninm.) Applied to an acid obtained from 
chlorine and carbon. See Phosgene 
Gas. 
Chlo'ro-form, or Chlo-rn-for'* 
115 mylc. [Chlorofor'inuin; from chlo'- 
rine, and for'myle.] A colorless volatile 
liquid varying in specific gravity from 
1.45 to 1.49, obtained by distilling a 
mixture of chloride of lime and alcohol. 
It is a powerful anaesthetic agent. It is 
usually administered in the form of 
vapor, being inhaled into the lungs. It 
is sometimes taken into the stomach, as 
an anodyne or soporific, in which case a 
fiuidrachm is equivalent to about thirty- 
five drops of laudanum. 
Cblo-ro-for'mum Ve-na'le.* 
(“ Commercial Chloroform.”) The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) of the ter- 
chloride of formyle. See preceding 
article. 
Chlo-rom'e-ter. [Ohlerom'e- 
trum; from ehlo'rium, and pirpor, a 
“measure.”] An apparatus for esti- 
mating the quantity of chlorine in com- 
bination with water, or a base; but 
especially for ascertaining the bleaching 
power of a solution of chlorine, or chlo- 
ride of lime, etc. See next article. 
f’hlo-roin'e-try, or Chlo-riin'e- 
trjr. [From the same.] The process 
of estimating the bleaching power of 
chloride of lime, by the qu antity of a 
solution of sulphate of indigo which a 
known weight of chloride can discolor 
or render yellow. 
Cltlo'ro*l>lijfIl, written also Ohio- 
ropliylle. [From xA'jA, “green,” 
and ipvWu, a “leaf.”] The green color- 
ing matter of leaves. 
Chlo-ro'sis.® [From xAwptff, “green.”] 
A disease peculiar to young females 
under retention or suppression of the 
menstrual discharge; green-sickness. A 
genus of the order Adynamise, class 
Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
€hl»-rot'lc. [t’lilorot’icus.] Be- 
longing to chlorosis. 
Clilo'rous A$'i«l. The peroxide of 
chlorine, because approaching to an 
acid in it3 nature. 
Chlor'u-ret. [ChlorHre'tum: from 
ehlo'rium. Fr. Chlorure, klo'riiR'.] A 
combination of chlorine with a metal, or 
inflammable body. See Chloride. 
A'lllor-y'dric A$'i(l. The name 
given by Thenard to muriatic, now 
called hydrochloric, acid. 
Ohoke'*l)ainp. (Ger. Damp/, a “ va- 
por.”) A name applied by miners to all 
irrespirable gases, but more especially to 
carbonic acid gas. 
•Cho-lse'ml-a.* [From x°X>;, “bile,” 
and alfta, “blood.”] The presence of 
bile-pigment in the blood: chole'my. 
CHL 
[Cliolas'o'jfiis; 
from x°hh, “ bile,” and uyw, to “ lead 
or carry off.”] Applied to a medicine 
which has the property of increasing the 
evacuation of bile. 
Cho'le.* [Gr. Bile. See Bilis. 
Ctio'le-ate. [Choieas, A 
combination of choleic acid with a base. 
< lio-Ie-v5'»-ld tis, idies* [From cho- 
lecys'tis, the “gall-bladder.”] Inflam- 
mation of the gall-bladder. 
diol'cdocli. See Choledochus. 
Cho-led'o-clms.* [From \o\fi, and 
Hx/ipai, to “receive.”] (Fr. Choledoque, 
ko'l&'dok'.) Receiving gall or bile. See 
Ductus Communis Choledochus. 
Clio-le'ic. [f liele'iciis: from yoX/j, 
“bile.”] Relating to bile. Applied to 
an acid obtained from bile. 
Ctio-le'in. [Ciiolcina; from \o\ij, 
“bile.”] The peculiar principle of bile. 
Cliol-e-py r'rliin. [Cholepyrrhi'- 
na; from x»hh, “bile,” and inypof, “yel- 
low.”] A term synonymous with Jiili- 
phein. 
fhol'e-ra.* [From x«Xrj, “bile,” and 
pso), to “flow;” or x»Aaf, the “intestines,” 
and pew, to “flow.”] A vomiting and 
purging of bile (this is true at least re- 
specting European Cholera), with painful 
griping, and spasm of the muscles of 
the abdomen and calves of the legs, etc. 
A genus of the order Spasmi, class Neu- 
roses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Chol'era, Asiat'ic. [Chol'era Asiat’- 
rca.] A remarkable epidemic disease, 
consisting in a malignant form of chol- 
era, in which all the symptoms are much 
more severe and rapid in their progress 
to a too generally fatal issue. 
Chol'era Bilio'sa.* (“ Bilious Chol- 
era.”) Copious and frequent vomiting, 
at first of the alimentary and fecal mat- 
ters, with redundancy of bile, and spasms 
of the legs and thighs. This is nothing 
more than a form or variety of European 
Cholera. 
Chol'era, Europe'an. [Chol'era Eu- 
ropse'a.] A name given to cholera as it 
usually appears in Europe when not 
epidemic, to distinguish it from the epi- 
demic and malignant form of the dis- 
ease known as Asiatic Cholera. 
Chol'era Infan'tum.* (“Cholera of 
Infants.”) A name applied to a disease 
common among children in the United 
States during the summer months, and 
hence called the “ summer-complaint.” 
It is attended with vomiting and purging 
of green or yellow matter often mixed 
with slime or blood. 
Clio 
116 CHO 
CIIO 
Chol'era Mor'bus.* A common name 
of non-epidemic cholera. See Cholera, 
European. 
Cbol-e-ra'ic. [Cholera'icns.] The 
same as Cholericus. 
Cho-ldr l-cus.® (Fr. Cholirique, ko‘- 
Belonging to cholera. Also, 
bilious. 
Chol'er-oid. [Choleroi'des; from 
cholera, and cl&os, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling cholera. Applied to diseases of 
this character. 
Chol'er-o-pho'hl-a.® [From chol- 
era, and <poHos, “fear.”] A dread of 
cholera. 
Chol'er-o-pho'ne.® [From cholera, 
and the “voice.”] The Vox chol- 
er'ica, or faint whispering voice of chole- 
raic patients. 
Chol e-ste-a-to'ma, att«.* [From 
X0X17, “bile,” and steato'ma.] A fatty 
tumor, laminated and pearly, principally 
composed of crystals of cholesterin. 
Chol-es-ter-ir nii-a. f [From choles'- 
terin, and alpa, “blood.”] Applied to a 
morbid excess of cholesterin in the blood, 
resulting from non-excretion. 
An acid formed 
by the action of nitric acid on cholesterin. 
-Cho-16s'ter-iai, or tho-lfs tcr-inc. 
[Cholesteri'na: from x»\n, “bile,” and 
crcpcof, “ firm,” or “ solid.”] A pearl-like, 
fatty substance, of which human biliary 
calculi are chiefly composed. 
Cholic. [( hoi icHs; from xdhrj, 
“bile.”] Belonging to bile; bilious. 
Chol'Ic A$'id. Chol'i- 
cum.] A peculiar acid obtained from bile. 
Chol'i-nate. [Chol'inas, a'tis.] 
Cholinic acid combined with a base. 
Cho-lin'ic A$'id. [A$'idum Cho- 
liii'iciun.] A peculiar substance ob- 
tained from bile. 
Choloiie. See Cholic. 
Chol-o-lith'ic. [Chololath'icus; 
from cholol'ithus.] Belonging to a gall- 
stone. 
■fc’ho-lol'I-tlms.* [From “bile,” 
and Aidof, a “stone.”] A gall-stone, or 
biliary calculus. 
Cho-lo'sls.* [From yoV;, “bile.”] 
In the plural (Cholo'ses), biliary dis- 
eases. 
■Chon-dr&r&l-a.* [From xdi/dpo?, 
“cartilage,” and uAyoj, “pain.”] Pain 
(rheumatic, arthritic, or inflammatory) 
of the cartilages. 
flioii drill, or Chon'drinp. [Chon- 
dri'na; from “cartilage.”] Ge- 
latin obtained from the permanent car- 
tilages, cornea, etc. See Cbondrogen. 
f'hon’<1 ro-g<>n. [From “car- 
tilage,” and yevvaw, to “produce.”] The 
base of true cartilage and of the cornea. 
By boiling it is resolved into Ciiondrin. 
fhon-dro-geu'c-sis.* [From the 
same.] The formation of cartilage. 
€hon-dro-gles'sus.® A small mus- 
cle, or rather fasciculus of muscular 
fibres, running from the cartilage of the 
os hyoides to the tongue. It may be 
considered as a part of the hyoc/lossus. 
Choiwlrognj-phy. [Chondro- 
gra'pliia; from \6idpo;, “cartilage,” and 
ypai/io), to “write.”] A history or de- 
scription of the cartilages. 
Chou'droid. [t'liondroi'des; from 
XovJpo;, “cartilage,” and cttos, a “form.”] 
Resembling cartilage. 
ChoiMlrol’o-gy. [Chondrolo’gla; 
from xfodpoi, “cartilage,” and Aoyof, a 
“discourse.”] A dissertation on the na- 
ture and structure of cartilages; the 
science of cartilages. 
Chon-dro'ma, at is A- [From xocipog, 
“cartilage.”] A cartilaginous growth. 
[From 
Xivdpos, “cartilage,” and nrcpvyiov, a “lit- 
tlewing.”] “Cartilage-finned.” Applied 
in the plural masculine (Chondropte- 
ryg'ii) to a tribe or series of fishes. 
Chondros. See Cartilage. 
■Chon-dro'sis.* The progress of 
Chondroma. The formation of carti- 
lage. 
<!ion-<lrot o-iny. [Choiidroto- 
mia; from xowfyos, “cartilage,” and 
TCfxvw, to “ cut.”] Dissection or division 
of cartilage. 
Chon'drug Crlsp'ns.* Carrageen, 
or Irish moss. A plant belonging to the 
natural order Alyacem. 
CHor'da.* [Gr. xopdp, an “intestine,” 
a “chord.”] A chord; originally the 
string of a harp : hence, any string; a 
sinew,"or nerve. Applied in Geometry 
to a right line extending from one ex- 
tremity of an arch to another. 
Chorda Mag'na.® (The “Great 
Cord, or Sinew.”) The Tendo A chillis. 
Chor da Tym'pan-i.* (The “Cord 
of the Tympanum.”) A branch of the 
seventh pair of nerves. 
Clior'da Ven-tric'n-li.* (“Nerve 
of the Stomach.”) A designation of the 
gastric plexus of the par vagvm. 
Chorda; Ten-din 'e-ae.* (“Ten- 
dinous Cords.”) Attachments connect- 
ing the Carnese columns of the ventricles 
to the auricular valves of the heart. 
Chorda- Vo-ea'leS.* (“Vocal 
Chords.”) The thyro-arytenoid liga- 
117 CIIO 
CIIR 
ments of the larynx, or the inferior 
ligaments of the glottis: so named be- 
cause they were supposed to produce the 
voice. 
Chordae Willisii. See Willis, 
Choros of. 
Chor-dap'sus.* [From X°pth, “in- 
testine,” and anrii), to “bind,” to “seize,” 
to “attack.”] A kind of violent spas- 
modic cholic, in which the large in- 
testines seem as it were twisted into 
knots. 
Chor-dee'. [Lat. Chorda ta: Fr. 
Chorde, kou'di,'; literally, “ corded,” or 
twisted”?] A painful tension and 
downward curvature of the penis, expe- 
rienced in Gonorrhoea. 
Cho-re'a,* or St. Vl'tns’ Bance. 
[From xopcia, a “dancing.”] A convul- 
sive disease, characterized by irregular 
and involuntary movements of the limbs. 
Cho-re'ic. Pertaining to Chokka. 
Cho'rl-on.s* [Gr. xopiov, “skin,” 
“leather.”] The second or most exter- 
nal membrane involving the foetus. Also 
the Membra'na putam'inis, or membrane 
of the shell of the egg. 
Cho'ri-um,® or Cho'rl-on.* [From 
the same.] The dermis, or innermost 
layer of the skin; the true skin. 
Cho'roid. [Choroi'des; from cho'- 
rion, and tuioj, a “ form.”] Resembling 
the chorion. 
Cho'roid Mein'hrane. [tleni- 
bra’na Choroi'des.] The second 
membrane of the eyeball, immediately 
beneath the sclerotic coat. Also, the 
Ve'lum interpo*'itum, or choroid mem- 
brane of the brain. 
Cho roid Plex us. [Plex'ns Cho- 
roi'des.] A plexus of vessels, or fold 
of thin vascular membrane, derived from 
the Pia mater, situated in the lateral 
ventricles of the brain. 
Christ'mas Rose. The Ilclleborus 
niger. 
Chro'mate. [Cliro'ni!i»s, a’(is.] A 
combination of chromic acid with a base. 
Chro-mat'ie. [Chroinat'icus; 
from xp'>ga, xp’o/taro;, “color.”] Relating 
to color, or colors; having color. See 
Achromatic., 
Chro'ma-tlsm. [Chromatis'nius; 
from the same.] The prismatic aberra- 
tion of the rays of light,—or, in other 
words, the aberration of refrangibility,— 
caused by the different kinds of rays 
being refracted unequally. 
Chro'ina-tog,'e-noiis. [Chroma- 
tog'onus; from xp~'pn, “color,” and 
yiwam, to “generate.”] Generating or 
forming color. Applied chiefly to the 
functions of the derma. 
t'liro-itia-lolo-if. [Chromatolo'- 
gia; from Xfrhpa, “color,” and Aoyo{, a 
“discourse.”] The science of colors. 
[Chromatop- 
sia; from xpmga, “color,” and oipif, 
“vision.”] Colored vision. 
Ch ro' ilia-1 rope. [ Ch romat' ro- 
pus,or Chromatro’pinm; from xpo/ia, 
“color,” and tpcko>, to “turn.”] An in- 
strument for exhibiting, on the principle 
of the magic lantern, a variety of colors 
producing, by a rapid revolving motion, 
beautiful and highly pleasing figures. 
Chrome. A metal. See Chromium. 
Chrome Al'wm. A crystallizable, 
double salt, formed of the sulphates of 
chromium and of potash. 
Chrome Yel'Iow. The chromate of 
lead, much used as a pigment. 
Chro'mic. [Chro'mieus.] Belong- 
ing to Chromium. See Chromic Acid. 
Chro'mic A$'id. [Ag'idum Chro'- 
micum.] A teroxide of chromium 
forming a valuable escliarotic for the re- 
moval of morbid growths, especially 
those of syphilitic origin. It has been 
assigned a place on the primary list of 
the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for 1860. 
Chr©-mI-dro'»Is.* [From a 
“color,” and lipoay, to “sweat.”] Abnor- 
mal coloration of the perspiration. 
Chro'mi-mn,* or Chrome. [From 
Xpwpa, a “color.”] A metal extracted 
from native chromate of lead or of iron. 
It is whitish, brittle, and very difficult 
to fuse. The specific gravity is 5.5. 
Chro'mo-gren. [Chromoge'nluin; 
from xp~>pa, a “color,” and ytw'uo, to 
“generate.”] Ycgetable coloring matter, 
which, acted on by acids and alkalies, 
produces red, yellow', or green tints. 
Chromopsy. See Chromatopsy. 
Cliro'miile. or, better, Chro'myle. 
[From xjKopa, “ color,” and v\nr “ material,” 
“substance.”] Other names for chloro- 
phyll, or the coloring matter of plants. 
Chron ic. [Chron'icus; from 
“time.”] Long-continued; opposed to 
acute. 
Cliron'o-ther'mal. [Chronofhcr- 
nia'lis; from xpivo;, “time,” and Osp/tr/, 
“heat.”] Relating to time and tempe- 
rature. Applied to a theory that all 
diseases have periodic intermissions, 
with alternate chills and heats. 
Chro-op'sl-a,® written also Chrap'- 
sta (by a contraction of the Greek 
Xpooipia into Xp»viffta, which in Latin be- 
118 CHR 
CIL 
comes Chrupsia). The same as Chro- 
matopsia. See Chromatopsy. 
dirot ic. [dirot'icus; from 
“skin.”] Of or belonging to the skin. 
ChrJs'ij-Us, idis.* [From XP «<*&;, 
“gold.”] The second stage in the meta- 
morphosis of insects. See Aurelia. 
dirysobalanacese,* kris-o-bal-a- 
na'she-e. [From Chrysobal' anus, ono of 
the genera.] A natural order of shrubs 
and trees, related to Rosaceie. Several 
species produce esculent stone-fruits. 
dirys'o-bai'»*-nus.* [From xpw&s, 
“gold,” and iiaKavos, a “corn.”] Lite- 
rally, the “golden acorn” or “nut.” 
A name sometimes given to the nutmeg. 
dirys'o-ber'yl. [From xpuao;, 
“gold,” and /ZiipuXXof, “beryl.”] A beau- 
tiful gem of a pale yellow or green color, 
consisting of glucina and alumina. 
dirys'o-col'la.* [From ,\p two?, “gold,” 
and *dXXa, a “glue.”] “Glue for Gold.” 
The Greek name for borax. But it does 
not appear that borax was known to the 
ancients: their chrysocolla is said to 
have been a very different substance, 
composed of the rust of copper triturated 
with urine. The name chrysocolla is now 
applied to a mineral composed chiefly of 
silica and oxide of iron. 
dirys'o-llte. [From Xfi'mk, “ gold,” 
and Xi0«f, a “stone.”] A mineral com- 
posed chiefly of silicate of magnesia and 
iron, it is often of a golden-yellow 
color, and is used in jewelry. 
Clirjf-som'e-la.* [From xptxroj,“gold,” 
andjirXaf, “black.”] A genus of cole- 
opterous insects, named from the bril- 
liant metallic hues, mostly of green and 
gold, with which their wing-covers are 
adorned. 
fliryso-mr'll-a.- [From xp"<nk, 
“gold,” and yfXor, an “apple.”] The 
Seville orange, or tho Aurantii Dacca. 
dirjfs'o-mel'I-dse.* A family of 
coleopterous insects, of which the Chry- 
som'ela is the type. 
. Chthoiiophagia,* tho'no-fa'je-a. 
[From \9 >v, “earth,” to “eat.”] 
A disease not uncommon among the 
negroes of the South, accompanied by 
a strong desire to eat dirt or earthy 
matter. Also called Cachex’ia Africa'na. 
Chllr'rus. An extract obtained from 
Indian hemp. See Cannabis Indica. 
diyle. [Cliy'lus; from XwX<5j, 
“juice.”] The milk-like liquor from 
which the blood is formed, occupying 
the lacteal vessels and thoracic duct. 
4'liy-Jif'cr-ous. [C’hylif'erus; 
from chy'lus, “chyle,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear,” to “carry,” to “convey.”] Bear- 
ing or conveying chyle. 
Chy-ll-fi-ca'tion. [Cliylifica'tio, 
o' nil; from chy'lus, “chyle,” and fa'cio, 
to “make.”] The process by which the 
chyle is separated from the chyme. 
Chy-lo-poi-et' ic. [C’hy lopo ict' i- 
cus; from chy'lus, “chyle,” and mured, 
to “make.”] Connected with the form- 
ation of chyle. 
Cliy-lo'sis.* [From xuX<5j, “juice.”] 
The same as Chylification. 
diy-lu'rl-a.* [From chy'lus,“chyle,” 
and ovpov, “urine.”] A discharge of 
chyle with the urine. 
Chyme. [Lat. Chy'mus; Gr. 
“juice.”] The pulpy mass formed by 
the food in its first great change in tho 
process of digestion. 
Chymia and Chymie. See Che- 
mistry. 
Chym-I-fl-ca'tion. [Chyniifica'* 
tio, o' nis; from chy'mus, and fa'cio, to 
“ make.”] The conversion of the food 
into chyme. 
Chymistry. See Chemistry. 
Cifoatio,* se-ba'she-o. [From ci'bus, 
“food.”] The act of taking food. 
Cic-a-tric'ti-la.* [Diminutive of 
cica'trix.] The blastoderm. 
Cl-ea'trix, i'ei's.* [From cicatri'co, 
to “ heal, leaving a scar.”] The scar or 
seam of a healed wound, sore, or ulcer. 
Cic-a-tri-za’tion. [Cicatriza'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The process by 
which a cicatrix is formed. 
Cic-a-trl-za'tus.* [From the same.] 
Cicatrized ; scarred. In Botany, having 
a scar, or the appearance of a scar. 
Cic'a-trize. [From the same.] Lite- 
rally, to “form a scar}” hence, to heal, 
or skin over. 
Cichoracese,* sik-o-ra'she-e. The 
Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
plants, or of a section of the order Com- 
posite. It includes lettuce, endive, etc. 
Cl-cu'ta.® A Latin name for the 
Conium Maculatum. The Cicn'ta ma- 
cula' ta, however, of modern botanists, is 
a different plant. 
Cicutin. See Conein. 
Oil'I-a.* (The plural of dl'I-nm, 
which see.) The eyelashes, or hairs on 
the eyelids. Sometimes applied to mi- 
nute, slender objects attached to certain 
animals, that have a vibratile motion. 
t’ti'I-a-ry. [Cilia'rls; from cil'ium, 
the “ eyelash.”] Belonging to the cilium, 
or eyelash. Also applied to several 
parts corresponding to the junction of 
the cornea to the sclerotic coat. 
119 Cil'I-$te. [Cilia'tns; from cil'ium, 
the “eyelash.”] Having hairs, or a 
species of pubescence, on the margin of 
a leaf or petal; having cilia. 
(Tl'I-uni.® [From cil'leo, to “stir,” 
to “twinkle.”] A Latin term denoting 
the eyelid, or rather the edge of the eye- 
lid out of which the hairs grow; also 
the eyelash. Used mostly in the plural. 
See Cilia. 
Cil-lo'sis.* [From the same.] Spas- 
modic trembling or agitation of the eye- 
lids. 
(:im-I-cif'u-ga.® [From ci'mex, cim'- 
icis, a “bug,” or “louse,” and fu'yo, to 
“put to flight.”] The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of the Cim- 
icif'uga racemo'sa, otherwise called Ac- 
tx'a cimicif'uga and Actie'a racemo'sa, 
a plant belonging to the natural order 
Ranunculacex, and common in the United 
States. It is a tonic and powerful anti- 
spasmodic, and has been employed with 
great success in cases of chorea and 
uterine convulsions. 
CI-mo'11-a Ter'ra.* (“Cimolian 
Earth.”) The same as Cimolite, which 
see. 
Cim'o-llte [from Cimo'lns, an island 
where it was found, and Xiftoj, a “stone”], 
or CI>mo'lI-an Garth. A celebrated 
variety of fuller’s earth, consisting, it 
is said, of silex, alumina, oxide of iron, 
and water. 
Cin-clio'na.* [Named from the 
Countess del Ghinchon or Cinchon, sig- 
nally cured by its use.] A Linnaaan 
genus of the class Pentandria, natural 
order Cinchonacese. Some recent writers 
insist that the proper spelling of the 
word is Chinchona. Also, a general term 
for the various species of Peruvian bark; 
including the following kinds :— 
Cincho'na Fla'va.* (“Yellow Cin- 
chona.”) The bark Cincho'na Calisa'ya, 
called in commerce “ Calisaya Bark,” 
and containing not less than two per 
cent, of alkaloids yielding crystallizable 
salts. 
Cincho'na Pal'lida.* (“Pale Cin- 
chona.”) The bark of Cincho'na Conda- 
min'ea and of C. Micran'tha. 
Cincho'na Ru'bra.* (“Red Cin- 
chona.”) The bark of an undetermined 
species of cinchona, called in commerce 
“Red Bark,” and containing not less 
than two per cent, of alkaloids yielding 
crystallizable salts. (See U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for 1860.) 
To which may be added the 
Cincho'na Purpu'rea,* the produce 
CIL 
of which is termed in commerce “Brown 
Bark” and “Huamilies Bark.” 
The virtues of Peruvian bark, the dis- 
covery of which forms an era in the science 
of medicine, are due to a number of dif- 
ferent principles, among which the alka- 
loids quinia and cinchonia are the most 
important. Both of these are in a high 
degree tonic and febrifuge; but they 
are especially remarkable for their efli- 
cacy against diseases of a periodical 
character, as tertians, quartans, etc. 
Hence those alkaloids, as well as tho 
bark in substance, have been termed 
antiperiod ics. 
C'inclionaccHV* sin-ko-na'she-e. 
[From Cincho'na, the most important of 
the genera.] A large natural order of 
exogenous plants, mostly trees or shrubs, 
found in hot climates, including, besides 
the Cinchona, the Coffee-tree, the Ceph- 
aelis Ipecacuanha, and other important 
plants. Powerful febrifugal properties 
in the bark, or emetic in the roots, are 
the great features of this order, the most 
valuable products of which are cinchona 
and ipecacuanha. The beauty or fra- 
grance of the flowers of some plants of 
this order (for example, the Gardenias 
and Ixoras) is unsurpassed in the vege- 
table kingdom. 
Cin-elio-iia'ceous. [Cinchona'- 
cetis.] Having an arrangement as in 
the Cinchona. See Cinchonacea:. 
€in-«hon'ic. [('Inchon'ions; from 
Cincho'na.] Belonging to Cinchona. Ap- 
plied to an acid obtained from all the 
species. See Kinic Acid. 
(’in'-eho-nin, or Cin'cho-ninc. 
[Cinchoni'na; from Cincho'na.] A 
peculiar vegetable principle, or alkali, 
discovered in the Cinchona Condaminea. 
Cin'er-eS,* the plural of Ci'nis, sig- 
nifying “ashes.” Usually applied to 
pot- or pearl-ashes. 
Cin'eres Clav-el-la'ti.* [From 
ci'nis, plural cin'eres, and cla'vus, a 
“nail,” a “wedge.”] Pearl-ash, or the 
Potassa impura. The name is derived 
from the little wedges or billets into 
which the wood was cut to make potash. 
Ci-ne're-us.* The same as Cine- 
ritious, which see. 
Cineritious, sin-e-rish'us. [Oine- 
rt'tins; from ci'nis, cin'eris, the ashes of 
any burnt substance.] Belonging to or 
resembling ashes in color. Applied to 
the cortical substance of the brain, etc. 
£i-net'i-cns.* [From Kivito,to “move.”] 
Cinet'ic. Applied in tho plural neuter 
(Cinet'ica) to an order of the Neurotica 
CIN 
120 CIN 
CIR 
of Dr. Good, including diseases which 
affect the muscles. 
Ci'nis,* gen. Oin'er-is. The Latin 
term for “ ash” or “ ashes.” See Cineres. 
(in'na-bar. [Lat. Clnnab'aris; 
Gr. KiioiaSapi.] The red sulphuret or bi- 
sulphuret of mercury. Also applied to 
a resinous substance of a bright red 
color obtained from the juice of an In- 
dian tree. 
Cin'na-bar-Ine. [Onnabari'nus.] 
Belonging to cinnabar; containing cin- 
nabar. 
Cinnabre, sin'n&bR'. The French 
for Cinnabar, which see. 
Cin-nam'ic A$'id. An acid pro- 
cured from the oil of cinnamon. 
Cin-iia-nio'mum,* or I'iniity-inon. 
[From the Arabic A'mamon.] The Phar- 
macopceial name || for the bark of the 
Cinnamo'mum Zeylan'icum; otherwise 
called the Lau'rus cinnamo'mum. The 
U.S. Pharmacopoeia embraces under the 
name of Cinnamomum, or Cinnamon, the 
hark of the C. aromaticum as well as the 
C. Zeylanicum. Cinnamon is a most 
grateful and efficient aromatic. It is 
warm and cordial to the stomach, car- 
minative and astringent, and is well 
adapted to relieve nausea and flatu- 
lence. 
Cinnamon. See Cinnamomum. 
Cin'na-mon Su'et. A production 
of the cinnamon-tree, used in Ceylon for 
Inaking candles. According to Dr. 
Christison, it contains eight per cent, of 
a fluid oil not unlike olive oil; the re- 
mainder is a waxy principle, which 
answers very nearly to cerin. 
Cin'namon-Tree. The Cinnamo'mum 
Zeylan'icum. 
i’in'namon-Tree, Wild. The Lau- 
rus cassia. 
<,'1-0-11 i'tis, idis* [From Kiovts, the 
“uvula.”] Inflammation of the uvula. 
£i-o-nor-rha'phI-a.* [From Kiaviq, 
the “uvula,” and pa<pri, a “seam.”] The 
same as Staphylorrhaphy, which see. 
<,’a-o-noto-my- [Cionoto'mia; 
from Ktovis, the “uvula,” and repvo), to 
“cut.”] Cutting off of a part of the 
uvula when too long. 
Clp'o-lin. [From cipol'la, the Italian 
word for “onion;” named in allusion to 
the zones, supposed to resemble the layers 
of an onion.] A green marble, with 
white zones, brought from Rome. Tt 
gives fire with steel, though with diffi- 
culty. 
Cl-prin'l-dse.* [From cypri'nus, a 
r carp-fish.”] A family of Malacopte- 
rygii A bdominales, having the Cyprinut 
for its type. 
Cir-cl-na'lis.* The same as Circi- 
NATE. 
(ir'd-nate. [Circina'tus; from 
cir'cino, eircina'turn, to “ compass about,” 
to “make into a circle.”] Literally, 
“made into a circle.” Applied in Bo- 
tany to leaves rolled inwards from the 
point to the base. 
Cir'cle. [From cir'culus, a “ring.”] 
A plane figure hounded by a curved 
line, to which all the right lines that 
can be drawn from a p’oint in the middle 
of it, called the centre, are equal. 
Cir-cu-la'tion. [Circula'tio; from 
eir'cuius, a “circle;” cir'culo, circula’- 
tum, to “move round,” to “move in a 
circle,” to “circulate.”] That vital ac- 
tion by which the blood is sent from the 
heart through the arteries, diminishing 
in calibre till they end in minute rami- 
fications on the entire surface, where 
they are connected to correspondingly 
minute veins, which, increasing in size, 
return the blood to the heart. 
Ctr'cH-lus.* A circle, or ring. Ap- 
plied to any part of the body which is 
round or circular,—e.g. cir'culus oc'uli, 
the “orb of the eye.” It is sometimes 
used to denote a connection of parts 
through which there is a circulation; 
as the Cir'culus Willis'ii (“Circle of 
Willis”), an anastomotic circle formed 
by the anterior and posterior cerebral 
arteries connected by the arteries of 
Willis. 
Cir'culus Ar-te-rl-o'sus I r l-dis.* 
(“Arterial Circle of the Iris.”) An ar- 
tery of the eye which encircles the iris. 
Cir'cum. A Latin preposition sig- 
nifying “round,” or “about,” and form- 
ing the prefix of a number of compound 
words. 
Cir'cum-a-&en't€£.* [The present 
participle of cir'cutna'go, to “drive” or 
“move round.”] A term applied to the 
oblique muscles of the eye. 
Cir-oum-ciS'lon. [Circnmci'sio, 
o’nis ; from circumci'do, circumci' sum, to 
“cut about.”] The operation of cutting 
off a circular piece of the prepuce. 
Cir-cum-duc'tion. [Circumduc'- 
tio, o'nis; from cir’cum, “ about,” and 
da'co, due'turn, to “lead.”] Circular 
movement of a limb. 
Oir'cum-flex. [Clrcumflcx'ns; 
from cir'cum, “about,” and flee'to, flex'- 
urn, to “bend.”] Bent about; curved 
like a bow or part of a circle. Applied 
in Anatomy to various arteries, veins, etc. 
121 CIR 
CIS 
It is also used to designate a particular 
accent lepresented in Latin and French 
by this sign [•«■], as musd, tempete, the 
term denoting that the accent, instead 
of being straight like the other accents, 
is bent over or around the letter. 
€ir-cuin-£y-ra'tion. [Circumgy- 
ra'tio, o’nis; from cir’cum, “about,” 
and gy'rus, a “circle.”] Movement in a 
circle. 
Cir-cum-sdis'sIIe. [Clrcumscis'- 
silis; from cir'cum, “about,” “around,” 
and scin'do, scis'sum, to “cleave,” to 
“divide.”] Applied to dehiscent fruits, 
the upper part of which opens like a lid. 
('ir-cum-s?is'sus.* [From the same.] 
“ Cleft, or cut around.” Applied in Botany 
to parts having a circular cut or fissure. 
Cire, s&r. The French term for 
“wax.” See Cera. 
('ir-rlion'o-sus.* [From n ppof, 
“tawny,” and voao;, a “disease.”] A 
golden-yellow appearance of the pleura, 
peritonaeum, etc., in the foetus. 
Cirrhopoda. See Cirropoda. 
('ir-rlio'sis.*' [From stppd;, “red- 
dish-yellow,” or “tawny.”] A name 
proposed for granulated or tuberculated 
liver, as designative of the appearance 
of the organ in that diseased state. Also 
applied to a disease of the kidney. 
Cir'ri,* the plural of Cirrus, which 
see. 
CIr-rif'er-ous, or Clr-riger-oiis. 
[Cirrif'erus, or Cirrife'erus; from 
cir'rus, and fe'ro, ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or producing cirri. 
Clr'rl-jfrade. [Cirrig'rmlus; from 
cir'rus, and gra'dior, to “walk.”] Pro- 
gressing by means of cirri. 
Cir-rl-pe'di-a,* or CIr'rl-peds. 
[From cir'ri, and pes, pe'dis, a “foot.”] 
The same as Cirropoda, which see. 
CIr'rl-peS, p'edis,* or CIr'rl-ped. 
[From cir'rus, and pes, a “foot.”] The 
same as Cirropodus. 
CIr-rop'o-da,* or CIr'rl-pods. 
[See Cirrop'odus.] A class of the 
Piploneura (or Mollusca f) consisting of 
aquatic animals, having multivalve 
shells, and furnished with a number of 
long, curled, articulated, setigerous pro- 
cesses (called cirri) analogous to the 
feet of the Crustacea. These animals are 
popularly called barnacles, and acorn- 
shells. 
CIr-rop'o-dns.* [From cir'rus, and 
irouj, a “foot.”] Cirrop'odous. Fringe- 
footed. Applied to a class of animals 
having cirri instead of feet. See pre- 
ceding article. 
dr'rous, or Oir'rosc. Sometimes 
improperly written Cirrhous and Cirrhosc. 
[C'irro'sus; from ctV'ru*.] Having 
cirri, or full of cirri. 
C'Ir'rtis,* plural Cir'ri. [A Latin 
term signifying a “lock of curled hair/' 
a “fringe.”] In Botany, a clasper or 
tendril, one of the fulcra of plants; also 
termed Clavicula. Applied to a peculiar 
set of organs found in certain aquatic 
animals. (See Cirropoda.) The term 
cirrus is also applied to thin, fleecy 
clouds, floating in the atmosphere at a 
great elevation. 
£ir'so-(,‘ele.:S [From Ktpao;, a “ vari- 
cose vein,” and KrjXn, a “tumor.”] A 
varicose enlargement of the spermatio 
vein. 
(irAoid. [Cirsol'des; from Kipaog, 
a “varicose vein,” and eiSos, a “form.”] 
Resembling a varix. 
(ir-soiupliu-lns. [From ptroj, a 
“varicose vein,’’and <i//$aXd{,the “navel.”] 
A varicose condition around the navel. 
(ir-sopli-tliftl nii-ii.* [From sipao;, 
a “varicose vein,” and fopdaXyo;, the 
“eye.”] A varicose condition of the 
eye: cirsophthal'my. 
£tr'sos* (<npads). The Greek term for 
a varix, or dilated vein. 
(’ir-sot'o-my. [Cirsoto'mia; from 
Kipao;, a “varicose vein,” and rqn-co, to 
“cut.”] Extirpation of a varix. 
( iie-los. [From iciooiSj, “ ivy,” 
and a/jtvc\oi, the “vine.”] The wild vine. 
A Linnman genus of the class Dicecia, 
natural order Menispermacese. 
('issuin'polos (a-peiisis.® A spe- 
cies found in Cape Colony. The root is 
used by the inhabitants as a cathartic 
and emetic. 
('issuin'polos Paroira* (pa-ra'ra). 
The Pareira brava, or American wild 
vine. See Pareira. 
(’istacoso,* sis-ta'she-e. A natural 
order of shrubs or herbaceous plants, 
including the rock-rose. The Cist us 
Creticus produces a resinous balsamic 
substance called Lada'num. 
Cis'ti,* the plural of ('is'tus, form- 
ing the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Cistacea:. 
('Is'tus.* A genus of the natural 
order Cistacew. 
(’is'tus Cre'tl-cus.* The name of 
the plant which produces a sort of gum- 
resin called Lada'num or Labda'num. 
This substance has a warm and bitter 
taste and an agreeable odor. It is 
sometimes used as an ingredient in 
plasters. 
122 CIT 
CLE 
Cit'rate. [Ci'tras, A com- 
bination of citric acid with a base. 
Cit'ric Ay'id. Cit'ri- 
cum; from Ci'trus.] An acid obtained 
from lemon-juice. 
Cit'rlne Oint'ment. [Named from 
its fine yellow or citrine color.] The 
common name of the Unguentum hydrar- 
gyri nitratis of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Used as a stimulant and alterative ap- 
plication in psoriasis and other cutaneous 
affections. 
♦ it ron. [Ci'tro, o'nis; ( cdroni 'e- 
la.] The fruit of the Citreum, or citron- 
tree, a variety of the Citrus medica. 
Ci-trul'lus (Al-ft-cjutliis.* A 
name of the Cucumis Colocynthis. 
Ci trus.* [From Ktrpia, the “lemon” 
or “citron.”] A Linnaean genus of the 
class Polyadelphia, natural order Auran- 
tiacese. 
Ci trus Auran'tlum® (au-ran'she- 
um). The systematic name of the orange- 
tree. 
Ci'trus Big-a-ra'dl-a.* Another 
name for the Citrus aurantium, or orange- 
tree. 
Ci'trus I.i-met'ta Ber-gani'l-um.* 
The tree from the rind of whose fruit 
oil of bergamot is obtained. 
Citrus l.i-momini,' Ci'trus Ued'- 
I-ea.* Names of the plants which bear 
the Limones (lemons, or limes) of the 
Pharmacopoeias. 
Citrus Vulgaris. See Citrus Au- 
RANTIUM. 
Civ VI. [Civet'ta.] An unctuous sub- 
stance collected in a bag under the tail 
of the civet-cat, and used as a perfume. 
Clair- voy'ance. [See Clairvoy- 
ant.] Literally, “clearsightedness,” or 
“clear vision.” Applied to a condition 
of the mind or the “mind’s eye,” usu- 
ally induced by mesmeric influence, in 
which, it is alleged, the mesmerized per- 
son can see not only in the dark, but the 
most intricate internal arrangements of 
his own or of another’s body, and even 
the remotest objects, though separated 
from the clairvoyant by interposing walls 
or mountains. 
Clair-voy'ant. [Fr. clair, “clear,” 
and voyant, “seeing,” from voir, to 
“see.”] Literally, “seeing clearly;” 
hence, having the power of clairvoy- 
ance. As a noun, it signifies one who is 
endowed with clairvoyance. 
Clammy. SeeViscosus. 
Clap. [Old Fr. Clapiscs, public shops 
of infamous character.] A term for 
Gonorrhoe'a impa'ra. 
Cl&r-I-fl-ea'tion. [Clarifica'tio, 
«'nis/ from cla'rus, “clear,” and fa'cio, 
to “make.”] The purifying or freeing a 
fluid from heterogeneous matter or im- 
purities. 
Olasper. See Cirrus, Clavicle. 
Class. [Clas'sis.] A primary divi- 
sion of bodies having some general re- 
semblance to each other, but further di- 
visible into distinctive orders. 
Clas-sl-fi-ca'tion. [From clas'sis, 
and fa'cio, to “make.”] The system- 
atic arrangement into classes of natural 
productions and phenomena, including 
the diseases of the animal body. 
Clav'ate. [Clava'tus; from cla'va, 
a “club.”] Club-shaped; clubbed. 
Clavatio,® kla-va'she-o. [From cla'- 
vu8, a “nail.”] The same as Go.vriiosis. 
Clav'el-late. [Clavella'tus and 
Clavello'sus; from cla'va, a “club.”] 
Having, or formed like, clubs. 
Clav'I-cIe. [Clavic'ula, or Clavio- 
nlns; the diminutive of cla'vis, a “ key.”] 
The collar-bone. In Botany, a tendril, 
clasper, or cirrus. 
Clav-I-cor'nate. [Clavicor'nis; 
from cla'va, a “club,” and cor'nu, a 
“horn.”] Applied to a family of cole- 
opterous insects, in which the antennae 
are thick at the extremity, frequently 
forming a solid club. 
Cla-vic'u-lar. [Clavicula'ris; 
from clavic'ula, the “collar-bone.”] Be- 
longing to the clavicle, or collar-bone. 
Cla- vic'u-late. [Clavicnla'tus; 
from clavic'ula.] Having clavicles, as 
man and the Sim ire. 
Clav'I-form. [Clavifor'mis; from 
cla'va, a “club.”] Club-shaped. 
Clavo, kl&'vo. The Spanish term for 
Clove, which see. 
Cla'vus.* Literally, a “nail” or 
“spike.” Applied to a corn, or horny 
round cutaneous formation, the effect of 
continued pressure generally on the pro- 
minent parts of the toes. Also, a very 
acute pain confined to a small part of 
the head, as if a nail were being driven 
into it,—called Cla'vus hyster'icus. Also, 
condyloma of the uterus. Likewise, a 
tubercle on the white of the eye. 
Claw. [Un'gfuis.] The nail or talon 
of birds and other animals. The lower, 
narrow part of a petal. 
Clay. Argil'la, or argillaceous earth. 
Clay, Pare. The earth called Alu- 
mina. 
Cleans'inirs. The same as Lociiia, 
which see. 
Cleav'age. The property of splitting 
123 CLE 
CLI 
or of being split in certain determinate 
directions, as minerals: foliated fracture. 
Clei'tlo- [from k\ci;, k\eddg, a “key,” 
the “clavicle”], in compound names of 
muscles, etc., denotes attachment to or 
connection with the clavicle. 
Cleis'a-gra.* [From/tAa's, “clavicle,” 
and iiypa, a “seizure” or “attack.”] 
The gout in the articulation of the 
clavicles. 
• <'le|>-s,f'lira.® [From icAorrio, to 
“steal,” and via>p, “water,”—named in 
allusion to the water stealing away so 
gradually as to be almost unperceived.] 
An instrument for measuring time, by 
allowing water to drop through a small 
hole from one vessel to another. 
Cll-inac'ter,* plural €Ii-mac-te'- 
reS. [Gr. K\ipaKri\p• from <cAi/iu$a), to 
“ proceed by degrees.”] Literally, the 
“step of a stair” or a “ladder;” hence, 
applied to the stages of human life, 
reckoned by periods of seven years. 
Cll-mac'ter-ic, or klim-ak-ter'ik. 
[Climacter'icns; from the same.] 
Applied to a particular epoch of the 
ordinary term of life, marked by periods 
of seven years, at which the body was 
by the ancients supposed to be peculiarly 
affected and to suffer considerable change. 
The ninth period, or sixty-third year, at 
which the most decided change takes 
place, was regarded as the “grand cli- 
macteric.” 
Climac'teric Dis-ease'. That sud- 
den change which occurs in many in- 
stances of advanced life, generally at the 
grand climacteric, that is, about the end 
of the sixty-third year, sixty--three being 
nine times seven. See Climacteric. 
Climac'teric Teeth'ing’. The pro- 
duction of teeth at a very late period of 
life, after the loss of the permanent 
teeth by accident or natural decay,— 
commonly between the sixty-third and 
eighty-first year, or the interval which 
fills up the two grand climacteric years 
of the Greek physiologists. 
Climat, kWmS,'. The French for Cli- 
mate, which see. 
Cli nmlc. [Lat. Cli'ma, Clim'a- 
tis; Gr. x\ipa, a “region,” “clime,” or 
“climate.”] In a hygienic point of 
view, the term denotes peculiarities in 
temperature, quality of air, etc., with 
respect to which different countries or 
regions differ from each other in their 
effects upon the health of those who in- 
habit them. Among the various influ- 
ences which tend to promote health or 
produce disease, there is perhaps none 
more deserving the attention of the 
medical student than the peculiarities 
and varieties of climate. But the limits 
of the present volume will permit only a 
few general remarks; for a thorough 
consideration of the subject in all its 
details, the reader is referred to more 
extensive and elaborate works. 
In recommending a change of resi- 
dence on account of ill health, the judi- 
cious physician will take into considera- 
tion not only the character of the dis- 
ease, but the peculiarities of the patient’s 
constitution. In general terms, it may 
be stated that diseases of the lungs or 
pleura require a mild or warm climate; 
and fevers, especially when complicated 
with visceral derangement, a cool or 
cold one: yet it will often be found that 
persons laboring under lung-complaints 
are more injured than benefited by a 
warm climate; for, though a mild air 
and unchecked perspiration are very 
decided advantages in themselves, the 
debility resulting from a less bracing 
atmosphere will frequently prove more 
than a counterbalance to those ad- 
vantages. Mountain air, which is gene- 
rally pure, light, and exhilarating, will 
be found beneficial in certain cases, 
while sea air, which is less rarefied and 
less dry, will be better adapted to 
others. The air of a small island com- 
pletely surrounded by a wide expanse of 
sea, like Madeira or the Bermudas, pos- 
sesses the great advantage of having a 
more equable and uniform temperature 
than can ever be found on a continent 
or on any extensive tract of land. It is 
scarcely necessary to remark that the 
purity or impurity of the air must, in an 
especial manner, never be overlooked. 
Yet it is said that the impure air of 
certain districts where tertians are com- 
mon, has been found eminently benefi- 
cial in some forms of pulmonary dis- 
ease. 
t'li Cliniatogra'- 
phia: from cli'ma, “climate,” and yparp<o, 
to “write,” to “describe.”] A descrip- 
tion of climates. 
rciiinidologia; 
from cli'ma, and Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on climate; the science of 
climates. 
Cll-nan'drl-nm.* [From k\iv>j, a 
“bed,” and avfip, a “male.”] The part 
of the column of fructification of the 
Orchideie in which the anther is fixed. 
Cltn'i-cal. [Lat. Clin'icus; from 
ArAtf/7. Fr. Clinique, kld'nik'.] Pertain- 
124 CLI 
COA 
ing to a bed; as clinical lectures, which 
aro those delivered by medical attend- 
ants at the bedside. 
Clinique, kl3‘n3k'. The French term 
for Clinical, which see. As a noun, it 
is used for a clinical school, thus: La 
Clinique de la CharitS (13, deh 
13 sh3'r£'t3') signifies “The Clinical 
School of [the Hospital] La Charite.” 
Cli'nold. [Clinoi'des; from K\ivrj, 
and elSo{, a “form.”] Resembling a bed. 
Applied to four processes of the sphe- 
noid bone. 
Cli-noin'e-ter. [Clinom'etrum; 
from k\ivo>, to “incline,” and perpov, a 
“measure.”] An apparatus for mea- 
suring the inclination of a line in rela- 
tion to a horizontal plane. Used for 
ascertaining the dip of geological strata. 
ClLH-e-om'e-4er. [Cliseom'etrum; 
from shuns, “inclination,” and phpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the angle which the axis of the 
female pelvis makes with that of the 
body. 
Clit-Bur. The Arctium lappa; also 
called Clot-bur. 
Cllt'o-rls,* gen. Cll-ttfr'I-dis. [Gr. 
Khciropis; from kXcio), to “shut up,” to 
“enclose;” because concealed by the 
labia pndendi.] A small, elongated, 
glandiform body at the anterior part of 
the vulva, resembling in its internal 
structure the corpus cavernosum of the 
penis. 
Clit-o-riS'mus.* Morbid swelling 
of the clitoris. 
Clit-o-ri'tis, 1 dis* [From clit'oris.] 
Inflammation of the clitoris. 
Clo-a'ca.* [From clu'o, an antique 
form for col'luo, to “wash,” to “scour,” 
or “ make clean.”] Literally, a “sink” 
or “sewer.” Applied in Zoology to a 
cavity in birds and certain other animals, 
in which the oviducts terminate. In the 
plural (Cloa'cse), the openings through 
the new bony shell (in cases of necrosis 
of a long cylindrical bone) into the se- 
questrum, or enclosed dead bone, by which 
the matter formed in the interior is dis- 
charged. 
Cloaqne, klo’3k'. The French for 
Cloaca, which see. 
Clon'ic. [Clon'lcus; from k\6vos, 
“commotion.”] Belonging to an agi- 
tated or irregular movement. Applied to 
spasms in which contractions and relax- 
ations are alternate, as in epilepsy. 
Clot. [From the Belgian Klot, a 
J‘mass of thickened fluid.”] The Cras- 
tamentum of the blood. 
Clot-Bur. See Clit-Bur. 
Cion. See Clove. 
Clove. [From the Latin Cla'vus, & 
“nail” or “spike;” Fr. Clou, kloo, Sp. 
Clavo, kl3'vo, both signifying originally 
a nail or spike; so called from its re- 
semblance to a nail.] The calyx, or un- 
expanded flower, of the Caryophyl'lus 
aromat'icus, otherwise called Euge'nia 
caryophylla'ta. The clove is a warm, pun- 
gent, and highly-stimulating aromatic. 
It is sometimes employed to relieve 
nausea or vomiting; but it is chiefly 
used to assist or modify the action of 
other medicines. 
Clove-Pink. 
The Dian' thus caryophyl'lus. 
Clove-Tree. The Caryophyl’lus aro- 
mat'icus (or Euge'nia caryophylla'ta). 
Clo'ven Spine. The same as Schis- 
torrhachis, which see. 
Club-Foot. See Talipes. 
Clu-peT-dse.* [From Clu'pea, a 
small fish of the herring kind.] A 
family of fishes having the C’lupea for 
their type. 
Clusiaeete,* klu-ze-a'she-e, or Gnt- 
tif'er-«e.:* A natural order of trees and 
shrubs, found in the tropics, including 
the Clu'sia, the Mangosteen, and other 
excellent fruits. Many species of this 
order secrete an acrid, purgative gum- 
resin, as gamboge. 
Cluster. See Racemus, and Thyr- 
sus. 
[Clypea'lis; from cly'- 
peus, a “shield.”] Belonging to a 
shield. 
Cljrp'e-ate. [Clypea'tus; from the 
same.] Bearing a shield, or formed 
like a shield. 
Clys'sus.* [From k\v£w, to “dash,” 
to “wash.”] A term formerly used to 
denote the vapor produced by the de- 
tonation of nitre with any inflammable 
substance. 
ClyVter.* [Gr. from k\«((o, 
to “ wash away.”] An injection into the 
rectum; an en'ema; a glyster. 
C. M. == Cras ma'ne.* “ To-morrow 
morning.” 
C. W. = Cras noc'te* “ To-morrow 
night.” 
Cnl'cus Ben-e-dic'tus,* or Cen- 
tau're-a Ben-e-dic'ta.* (“Blessed 
Thistle.”) A composite plant, regarded 
as “blessed” on account of its medicinal 
virtues. It contains a brown, bitter 
principle, called cnicin. 
Co. See Con. 
Co-ad'u-nate. [Coaduna'tns; from 
125 COA 
coc 
coadu'no, to “join together.”] Clus- 
tered. 
Co-ag,'u-la-ble. [Coagulabl'lls; 
from eoag'ulo, coagnln'turn, to “curdle.”] 
Having the property of coagulation. 
Coag'ulable Lymph. A term applied 
to the fibrin of the blood. 
Co-ii”-u-l!VI ion. [Coagulu'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The thickened 
state of the albuminous portion of cer- 
tain animal and vegetable fluids on ap- 
plying acids or heat. 
Co-ag'u-lum.* [From the same.] 
The jelly-like consistence assumed by 
albuminous substances, blood, etc., when 
acted on by heat. 
Coal (Mln'e-ral). A combustible 
mineral, consisting of two principal va- 
rieties,—anthracite and bituminous coal. 
The former burns with little or no smoke 
or flame; in the latter, as its name im- 
plies,Jntuinen is an important ingredient, 
producing vapor and gas when exposed 
to heat. 
Co-s»-l£s'$ent. [Coales'ccns; from 
coales'co, to “grow together.”] Grow- 
ing together. 
Co-ap-ta’tion. [Coapta'tio, o'nis ; 
from co for con, “together,” and ap'to, 
apta'tum, to “fit.”] The fitting together 
of the ends of a fractured bone. 
Co-arc'tate. [Coarcta'tus; from 
coarc'to, coarcta'turn, to “straighten.”] 
Pressed close together. 
Co-arc-ta'tlon. [Coarcta'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A straightening, or 
pressing together. Applied to strictures 
of the intestine or urethra. 
Coat. See Tunica. 
Coat'ed. (Fr. Enduit, oxo'dwA'.) Ap- 
plied to the condition of the tongue, 
as indicative of visceral disturbance. 
Cobalt, ko'bault. [Lat. Cobal'tuui: 
from the German Ko'bold, a “goblin” or 
'‘demon;” so called because its discovery 
was regarded by miners as an ill omen, 
,—i.e. as unfavorable to the presence of 
more valuable metals.] A metal gene- 
rally found in combination with arsenic. 
The salts of cobalt are irritant poisons. 
The oxide is employed to impart a blue 
color to porcelain and glass. 
Co-bal'tic. [Cobal'ticus.] Belong- 
ing to cobalt. 
Co-ba'lus.* The same as Kobold, 
the demon of miners, from which cobalt 
is said to have been named. 
Cobra de Cupel lo, ko'brA dA kA- 
pel'lo. (“Snake with a Hood.”) The 
Portuguese name for the hooded snake, 
the Na'ja vulga'ris (otherwise called the 
Na'ja tripu’dians), a very poisonous ser- 
pent common in India. 
Cob'web. [Ara'neum.] The web 
of the Aranea, or spider. 
Co'ca,* called also Ypada, e-pi'di. 
The leaf of the Erythrox'ylon cu'ca, a 
plant in extensive use among the Indians 
of the Andes, as a stimulant. See Ery- 
throxylon Coca. 
the plural of Coc'cus. The 
Pharmacopoeia! name (Ed. Ph.) for 
cocbineal insects. 
Cocciierous, kok-sif'er-us. [Coc- 
ciferus; from coc'cus, a “berry,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing berries, or 
objects like them. 
Coccinella,* kok-se-nel'la, [Diminu- 
tive of coc'cun, a “ berry.”] The cochi- 
neal insect: cochineal. (See Coccus 
Cacti.) A genus of coleopterous insects; 
the lady-bird, or lady-bug. 
€occinel'la Sop-tem-punc-ta'ta* 
(i.e. “having seven points or spots”), or 
Lady-bug. This insect, if bruised upon 
an aching tooth, is said to cure it. 
Coc-cl-nel'lin. [Coccinelli'na.] 
The coloring principle of cochineal; 
carmine. 
Coc'cu-lns.* [Diminutive of coc'- 
cus, a “berry.”] A genus of the class 
Dioecia, natural order Menispermacese. 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for 
the fruit of the Anamirta cocculus, or 
Coccxdus Indicu8. 
Coc'culus, An-a-mlr'ta.* The plant 
which produces the Cocculus Indicus, 
sometimes termed Levantnut, or Bac'ca 
Orieuta'li8 (“Oriental Berry”). 
Coc'culus In'rfi Ar-o-mat'I-cus,* 
or (plural) Coc'cu-Ii In'di Ar-o-inat- 
Other names for the Myrtus pi- 
mento, or Jamaica pepper. 
Coc'culus In'dl-cus.* The berries 
of the Anamir'ta coc'culus (the Meni- 
spfPmum cocculus of Linnaeus). The 
kernels of these berries are whitish and 
oily, and have an intensely bitter taste. 
They contain a peculiar bitter principle 
called picrotoxin, which is very poisonous. 
The Cocculus Indicus belongs to the acro- 
narcotie class of poisons. As a medicine 
it is never administered internally. In 
India it is employed to stupefy fish in 
order that they may be more easily 
caught. It is said that the fish thus 
taken are not poisonous. An ointment 
made of the powdered berries is some- 
times used in certain cutaneous dis- 
eases. 
Coc'culus Pal-ma'tus.~* The plant 
which affords Calumba, Colomba, or Co- 
126 COC 
COE 
lumbo root; called, also, Menispermum 
palmatum. 
Coc'cum.* (See Coccus.) A kind of 
seed-vessel distinguished from a capsule, 
the sides of which, being elastic, project 
the seeds with great force, as in the 
Euphorbix. 
Coc'cum Baph'hcum.* The ker- 
mes berry. 
Coc'cus.* [From k6kkos, a “ grain” or 
“kernel;” also, an “insect.”] The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Brit, and U.S. Ph.) 
for the Coccus cacti. In Botany, a cell 
or capsule. Also the name of a genus 
of hemipterous insects. 
Coc'cns Cac'ti.® (“Coccus of the 
Cactus.”) The Coccinella, or cochineal 
insect. 
Coc'cns In-iec-to'rl-us.* The in- 
sect which produces the kermes grains 
or berries. 
Coc'cns Bac'ca.* The insect which 
produces Lac. 
Coc-orS,e*us-* or kok-se-je'us. [From 
coc'cyx.] Belonging to the coccyx: coc- 
Syg'eal. 
Coc-cy'-o-dyn'I-a.* [From coc’cyx, 
and dlvrij, “pain.”] Pain in the coccyx, 
occurring especially in women. 
Coc'v.y-v,« gen. [From 
k6kki>£, the “cuckoo;” because like its 
bill.] The small triangular bone ap- 
pended to the point of the sacrum. 
Coch'I-neal. [Coccinel'la; from 
coccinel'la, probably derived through 
the Italian coccinir/lia, pronounced kot- 
che-nel'yl.] The Coccus cacti, Coccinella, 
or cochineal insect, brought from South 
America as a reddish grain. Cochineal 
is thought by some to possess anodyne 
and antispasmodic properties, and has 
been recommended for the hooping- 
cough and other nervous affections.- In 
Pharmacy it is used to color tinctures, 
ointments, etc. 
Cochinilin, kotch'e-nil'in. (See 
Cochineal.) A coloring matter obtained 
from cochineal. It is a constituent of 
carmine. 
Cochl. Ampl., €ochl. Mag. Ab- 
breviations for Cochlea're am'plum* or 
mag'nnm,* a “tablespoon.” 
Cochl. Med. == Cochlea're me'dium.* 
A “dessert-spoon.” 
Cochl. Min.= Cochlea’re min'imum.* 
A “teaspoon.” 
Coch'le-a.® Literally, a “shell,” a 
“snail-shell;” hence, any thing of a 
spiral form. A conical cavity of the 
internal ear. 
Coch-le-a're.* [From coch'lea, a 
“ shell,” more especially a “ snail-shell.”] 
The Latin word for “spoon;” so named 
from its resemblance to a shell. It is 
commonly used in medical prescriptions 
for “spoonful.” 
Coeh-le-a'rl-a.*- [From cochlea're, 
a “spoon.”] A Linnman genus of the 
class Tetradynamia, natural order Cru- 
ciferx. 
Coclilea ria Armora'cia* (ar-mo- 
ra'she-a). The horse-radish plant; called, 
also, the Raph' anus rustica'nus. The 
root of this plant (Armoracix Radix) is 
pungent and powerfully stimulant. Its 
virtues depend on an essential oil which 
is dissipated by drying. 
Cocli-le-ftr'i-forni. [Cochleari- 
for'mis; from cochlea're, a “spoon.”] 
Formed like a spoon. 
Coeh'le-ate. [Cochlea'tus; from 
cock'lea, a “snail-shell.”] In Botany, 
spiral, or having a spiral form. 
Co-co'a. The fruit of Theobroma 
cacao. 
Co-coon'. [Etymology uncertain.] 
The silken case of certain Arachnides, 
etc., in which they deposit their eggs, 
change their teguments, or retire for the 
winter. 
Coc'tion. [Coc'tio; from co’quo, 
coc'tum, to “cook,” to “digest.”] The 
process of reducing the aliment to 
chyle. 
Codaga-Pala Bark. See Cerium 
Antidysentericum. 
Co'de-ate. [Co'deas, a 'tie; from 
code'icum af'idum.] A combination of 
codeic acid with a base. 
€o-de'ic. [Code'icus.] Applied to 
an acid obtained from codein. 
Co'de-in, Co'de-Ine, or Co-de'Ia.* 
[From KicSia, or Kwdeia, a “poppy-head.”] 
An alkaloid discovered by Robiquet in 
opium. As a soporific it is considered 
to possess about half the strength of 
morphia. 
Cod'-Biv'er Oil, or Cod'flsh Oil. 
[.Vor'rhnw O'leum.] Obtained from 
the liver of the Ga'dus mor'rhua, or 
codfish. See Oleum Morrhu^s. 
Ccecum. See CjE.cum. 
Ceelia,* se'le-a. [Gr. xoiXi'a, the “belly;” 
from icoiXoj, “ hollow.”] The belly, espe- 
cially the lower portion; also, the sto- 
mach. 
£oe'li-ac. [Cceli'acus; from cce’lia, 
the “belly.”] Belonging to the belly. 
Cce'liac Pas sion. [Pas'sio Cceli'- 
aca.] A chronic flux, in which the ali- 
ment is discharged half digested; the 
Diarrhoe' a cedi'aca of Cullen. 
1 Ctbr 
127 COE 
COL 
£ce'liac Plex'ns. A name for the 
Solar Plexus, which see. 
C'oe-li'a-ca.* [Neuter plural of cceli'- 
acus. See Cosliac.] The first class of 
Dr. Good’s Nosology, embracing dis- 
eases of the digestive organs. Some- 
times applied to medicines which act on 
those organs. 
Cceliacus. See Cceliac. 
£«e-li-al'gi-a.* [From cce'lia, the 
“belly,” and uAyo;, “pain.”] Pain in 
the belly. 
C«ensesthesis,*sen-5s-the'sis. [From 
Koti/S;, “common,” and aiuOnm;, “percep- 
tion,” “feeling,” or “sensibility.”] A 
term expressive of the general feeling or 
consciousness in the entire body; con- 
sciousness of existence. Some writers 
have termed it a sixth sense, not limited, 
like the other senses, to one particular 
part, but common to the whole system. 
yoe-nu'rus.* [From koiv6;, “com- 
mon,” and dt>pa, a “tail” or “hinder 
part.”] A cae'nnre, or hydatid, contain- 
ing several animals (Entozoa) grouped 
together and adhering to its sides, which 
thus form a common base or termination 
of many heads and bodies. 
CoppuIchs Lapis. See Blue-Stone. 
Coeruletis Morbus. See Cyanosis. 
Cceur, kuR. The French word for 
“heart.” See Cor, and Heart. 
Cof'fe-a.* (See Caffea.) A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Pentandria, 
natural order Cinchonacem (according to 
Lindley, though formerly ranked with 
the Rnbiacete). 
Cof'fca A-rab'I-ca.* The plant 
which affords coffee. See Caffea Arab- 
ica. 
Cof'fee. [Lat. Caf'fea, or (’of'fea; 
Fr. Cafi, k&'fA.'.] The seed of the Caf- 
fea Arab'ica, a tree from fifteen to 
thirty feet in height, growing native in 
Southern Arabia and Abyssinia, and 
cultivated extensively in Java, Ceylon, 
and other parts of the East Indies; also 
in South America and the West India 
islands. The infusion of the roasted 
seeds is exhilarating and tonic, and has 
been used, it is said, with the most bene- 
ficial results in cases of poisoning with 
opium, and chronic asthma. Coffee ( Ca f- 
fea) has been assigned a place on the 
Primary List of the Materia Medica in 
the last edition of the U.S. Pharmaco- 
poeia (1860). See Caffein. 
Co-hab-i-ta'tion. [Cohabita'tio, 
o'nis; from co for con, “together,” and 
hab'ito, habita'tum, to “dwell.”] In 
Medical Jurisprudence, tho dwelling to- 
gether of two persons of opposite sex, 
including the hatiit of venereal congress, 
without the sanction of marriage. 
Co-hc’Slon. [C'olic'sio, o'nis; from 
co for com, “together,” and hm'reo, hee'- 
sum, to “stick.”] The power by which 
the particles of bodies adhere to each 
other. 
Co-ho-ba'tion. [('oliobatio.o'nis; 
from co'hob, used by Paracelsus to sig- 
nify repetition.] The pouring of a fluid 
again and again on the matter from 
which it was distilled, and as often dis- 
tilling it, to render it more efficacious. 
Coitio,* ko-ish'e-o, or Co-i'tion. 
The same as Coitus, which see. 
Co'I-tus.* [From co for con, “to- 
gether,” and e'o, i'tum, to “go” or 
“come.”] The coming together of male 
and female in the act of procreation. 
In Chemistry, the union of substances 
by incorporation or mixture. 
Coke. The charcoal obtained by 
heating bituminous coal with the imper- 
fect access of air, or by its distillation. 
The former is usually called oven coke, 
the latter gas coke, being abundantly 
produced in gas-works. The weight of 
coke usually amounts to between sixty 
and seventy per cent, of the coal em- 
ployed. Coke is a valuable fuel for 
many purposes in the arts. 
C ol. A French word signifying “the 
neck.” See Colluji. 
Col a-to'rl-um.* [From co'lo, cola'- 
tum, to “strain.”] A strainer of any 
kind; a sieve. 
Col-a-tu'ra.* [From the same.] Any 
filtered or strained liquor. 
Cor'mus.* The Pharma- 
copoeial name (Brit. Ph.) for the bulbs of 
Colchicum autumnale. 
Col'chiei Ra'dix.* (“Root of Col- 
chicum.”) The cormus of Col'chicnm 
autumna'le (U.S. Ph.). 
Col'chiei Se'men.* (“Seed of Col- 
chicum.”) The seed of Gol'chicum a u- 
tumna'le (U.S. and Brit. Ph.). 
Col'chiei Sem'I-na.® (“ Seeds of 
Colchicum.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Ed. Ph.) for the seeds of the Col'chi- 
cum autumna'le. 
Colchicia,* kol-chish'e-a. The same 
as Colchicin. 
'Col'eM-cin, or Col'chl-clne. [Col- 
ehici'na.] An alkaloid substance ob- 
tained from Col' chi cum autumna'le, of 
which it is believed to be the active 
principle. 
Colchicum,* kol'che-kum. [From 
Col'chis, a country of Asia.] A Linnaean 
128 COL 
genus of the class Hexandria, natural 
order Melanthaceie. The name is often 
used as synonymous with Col'chicum 
autumna'le, including the various pre- 
parations of the root and seeds. 
Col'chl-cum Au-tnm-na'le.* The 
meadow saffron. The root and the seeds 
appear to possess similar medicinal pro- 
perties. The former is narcotic, diu- 
retic, and cathartic. From its sedative 
effects, it has often proved very useful in 
gout and rheumatism. In an over-dose, 
however, it sometimes produces exces- 
sive nausea, vomiting and purging, 
sinking of the pulse, attended with ex- 
treme prostration, and may prove fatal. 
Col'co-thar. A mixture of red oxide 
of iron and the persulphate, used as a 
paint, etc. 
Cold. [Fri'gus, go'ris, Catar'rhus.] 
Properly, the privation of heat. In 
popular language, it denotes a catarrh, 
cough, or other effects from exposure to 
cold. 
Co-le-op'ter-a.* An order of insects. 
See next article. 
Co-le-op'ter-us.* [From KoXcdg, a 
“sheath,” and irrepov, a “wing.”] Applied 
in the neuter plural (Coleop'tera) to an 
order of insects in which the inferior 
wings are covered by others like sheaths 
or cases: coleop'terous. 
Co-le-o-rhi'za.* [From noXtdg, a 
“sheath,” and pC,a, a “root.”] Applied 
in Botany to a kind of case which en- 
velops certain radicles. 
Co'leS.* [Essentially the same word 
as Cau'lis: both are derived from sauXog, 
a “stalk,” or “stem.”] Originally, a 
stalk; but used by Celsus as a designa- 
tion of the penis. 
Col'lc. (Fr. Colique, ko'l£k'.) (See 
Col'ica.) Acute pain in the abdomen, 
aggravated at intervals. So named 
from its having been supposed to h*ave 
its seat in the colon. 
Col'I-ca.* [From col'icus, “pertain- 
ing to the colon,” pas'sio, “suffering,” 
or “pain,” being usually understood. 
See Colica Passio.] Literally, pain in 
the colon, or large intestine. The colic, 
or belly-ache. A genus of the order 
Spasmi, class Adynamix, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Col'ica Accidenta'lis.* Colic in- 
duced by particular articles of diet. 
This may also be flatulent colic. See 
Colica Flatulenta. 
Col'ica Bilio'sa.* Bilious colic, oc- 
casioned by an excess of bile in the 
intestines. 
Col'ica Calcclo'sa.* [From cal'cu- 
lu8.~\ Colic caused by intestinal calculi. 
Col'ica Flatulen'ta.* [From Jla'tns, 
“wind.”] Flatulent colic, caused bj 
wind in the intestines. 
Col'ica Meconia'lis.* Colic result- 
ing from retention of the meconium in 
infants. 
Col'ica Pas'sio* (pash'e-o). Another 
name for colic. See Colica. 
Col'ica Pic'tonum.* The “colic of 
the Pictones,” a name for the people of 
Poitou, where it is said to have been an 
endemic. Otherwise called dry belly- 
ache; Devonshire colic; painter’s colic 
(Col'ica picto'rum); also Col'ica Batumi'- 
na, as being produced by the poison of 
lead. 
Col'ica Picto'rum.* [From pic'tor, 
a “painter.”] “Painter’s Colic.” See 
Colica Pictonum. 
Col'ica Sterco'rea.* [From ster'- 
cus, h ter'cor is, “faeces.”] Colic arising 
from an excessive accumulation of the 
contents of the bowels. 
Col'I-cus.* Belonging to the colon. 
Col-I-ffor'mis.* [From co'lum, a 
“colander,” or “strainer,” a “sieve.”] 
Col'iform. Resembling a sieve, or sieve- 
like. Applied to the ethmoid bone (o» 
colifor'me). 
Coliqne. See Colic. 
Co-li tis.* [From co'lon.] Inflam- 
mation of the mucous coat of the colon. 
Col'la Pis'eium* (pish'e-um). “ Glue 
of Fishes.” See Ichthyocolla. 
Col'la-&en. [From ko\Xu, “glue,” and 
ycwaio, to “produce.”] The chief con- 
stituent of bone, cartilage, ligaments, 
tendons, etc. By boiling it forms glue 
or gelatin. 
Col-lapse'. [Collap'sus; from col’- 
labor, collap'sus, to “fall down.’J A 
state of extreme depression or complete 
prostration of the vital powers, as occurs 
in Asiatic cholera, etc. 
Collar. [Colla're; from col'lim, 
the “neck.”] The prothorax, or ante- 
rior segment of the trunk, in insects. 
Col'lar-Bone. The clavicle. 
Col-le'sis.* [From koXXoio, to “ glue.”] 
An old term for Agglutination. 
Collet, kol’lA'. A French term signi- 
fying “a collar.” See Neck. 
Col-lic'n-lus.* [Diminutive of col'- 
Us, a “hill,” or “elevation.”] A little 
hill, or eminence. Applied in Anatomy 
to various small elevations or protube- 
rances. 
Collic'ulus Xer'vi -/Eth-moi-cla'- 
11s.* (“Protuberance of the Ethmoid 
COL 
129 COL 
COL 
Nerve.”) The same as the Corpus 
Striatum, which see. 
Collic'uliiM Sfer' vi ©p'ti-ci.* (“ Pro- 
tuberance of the Optic Nerve.”) The 
optic thalamus. 
Collic ulus Sem-I-na'lis.* (“Semi- 
nal Protuberance.”) A small elevation 
in the prostate gland. 
Col-liq-ua-inen'tum.* [From col- 
li q'ueo, to “melt;” so called, probably, in 
allusion to its exceeding softness, or 
want of firm consistency.] A term ap- 
plied by Harvey to the first rudiments 
of the embryo in generation. 
Col-liq'ua-tlve. [Colliqiiati'vus; 
from colliq'ueo, to “melt.”] Applied to 
any excessive discharge or evacuation. 
Col-lo'dl-um,* or Col-lo'dl-on.* 
[From xoWa, “glue.”] A peculiar sub- 
stance prepared by dissolving gun-cotton 
in sulphuric ether. For particular direc- 
tions in its preparation, see U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia, I860, page 125. It is much 
used as an application to abraded surfaces 
and superficial wounds. When applied 
to a part, the ether evaporates, and a 
solid adhesive material is left, which acts 
like adhesive plaster, keeping the parts 
together and excluding the air. 
Collo'dium cum Can-thiir'I-de.* 
(“ Collodion with Cantharides,” U-S. Ph., 
1860.) A preparation of collodion and 
cantharides, used as a blistering appli- 
cation. It produces a blister in about 
the same time as the ordinary cerate, 
and has the great advantage of being 
easily applied to uneven surfaces. 
Colloid, [Colloi'dcs ; from x6\\a, 
“glue,” and ciSo;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling glue. 
Col-lo-ne'ma, atis.* [From xSWa, 
“glue.”] A very soft tumor, containing 
a clear, grayish-yellow substance like 
gelatine, or fresh glue. 
Col'lum.® [Diminutive of colum'- 
na, a “pillar”?] (Fr. Col, kol, and Cou, 
koo.) The neck. Applied to any part 
which, from its situation, form, or con- 
nection, resembles a neck. 
Col-Iu-to'ri-um.* [From col'luo, 
collu'tum, to “wash.”] A gargle; a 
liquid applied to tho mouth or throat for 
local purposes. 
Col-ly r'l-um.* [Gr. soWvpiov, a 
“little cake;” diminutive of soXXvpa, a 
“small loaf” or “roll of bread.”] 
Originally, an eye-salve made up in 
small cakes ; or, any salve. Now usually 
applied to a wash or lotion for the eyes. 
Co-lo-bo'ma, a tis* [From ko\oS6oi, 
to “mutilate.”] A mutilation, or defect. 
Colobo'ma Ir'I-dis.* (“Mutilation 
of the Iris.”) A name applied to fissures 
of the lower portion of the iris with 
a prolongation of the pupil to the edge 
of the cornea. 
Colocynth. See Colocynthis. 
Col-o-cyn'this, idis.* [From xo\6- 
Kwda, a “gourd.”] Col'ocynth. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || of the dried pulp 
of the bitter cucumber; also called Colo- 
quin'tida. The pulp of colocynth is a 
powerful hydragogue cathartic, and, as 
such, is sometimes given in dropsy. In 
large doses, however, it is a dangerous 
poison. It is most frequently administered 
in combination with other medicines. 
Co-losn'ba.* The former Pharma- 
copoeial name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of 
tho Ooc'culus palma'tus. See Calumba, 
and Columbo. 
Co'lon.* [Gr. akjXoi/.] That portion 
of the large intestine extending from the 
csecum to the rectum. 
Co-loph'o-njf. [Colopho'nia; from 
Col'ophon, a city of Ionia, whence it was 
originally obtained.] A dark-colored 
resin, prepared from the distillation of 
rough turpentine without water. 
Coloquinte, ko'lo'kaxt'. The French 
term for colocynth. See Colocynthis. 
Coloquintida. See Colocynthis. 
Col'ored. [Colora'tus; from colo'- 
ro, colora'turn, to “color.”] Applied in 
Botany to objects of any other color 
than green. 
Col-o-rif'ic. [Colorif'icus; from 
co'lor, and fa'do, to “make.”] Making 
or producing colors. Applied to the lu- 
minous rays. 
Col'or-ing; Mat ter. A coloring 
principle existing in vegetable sub- 
stances. Colors are termed substantive 
when they adhere to the cloth without a 
basis; adjective, when they require ft 
basis or mordant. 
Col-os-tra'tion. [Colostra'tio, 
o'nt«.] A term for the diseases of new 
born infants, caused by the colos- 
trum. 
Co-los'tric. [Colos'tricus.] Be- 
longing to the colostrum. 
Colos'tric Flu'id. The imperfect 
secretion of milk ere the mother has 
recovered from delivery, on account of 
the presence of colostrum; popularly, 
“green milk.” 
Co-los'trous. [Colostro'sus; from 
colos'trum.'] Having colostrum, or full 
of colostrum. 
Co-los'trum.* [Perhaps from ko\6v, 
“food.”] A substance in the first milk 
130 after delivery, giving to it a greenish or 
yellowish color. 
Co-lot'o-mjf. [Coloto'mia; from 
co'lon, and rc/xrm, to “cut.”] Cutting 
into the colon. 
[From *0X71-05, the 
“womb,” or “vagina,” and Kf]\n, a “tu- 
mor.”] Her'nia vagina'Us, or hernia in 
the vagina. 
Col-pop-to'sis.® [From *0X77-05, the 
“womb,” or “vagina,” and tttuxus, a 
“falling.”] Falling down, or prolapsus, 
of the vagina. 
Colt’s Coot. See Tussilago Far- 
FARA. 
Col'11-ber Be'rus.® The systematic 
name for the viper, a poisonous snake 
common in Europe. 
Co-Ium'bic An acid obtained 
by fusing the ore of Columbium with the 
carbonate or the bisulphate of potassa; a 
soluble columbate of potass is obtained, 
and the acid is precipitated in the form 
of a white hydrate. 
Co-lum'bl-um.® [From Colum'bia, 
one of the names of America.] A metal 
first found (in 1801) in a mineral dis- 
covered in Massachusetts. It has since 
been found in a Swedish mineral called 
Tantalite; but its ores are extremely 
rare. 
Co-lum'bo.® The common name 
for the root of the Coc'culus palma’tus. 
(See Calumba.) This root is one of the 
most valuable of the mild tonics. Being 
without astringency, it is generally ac- 
ceptable to the stomach, and is an ex- 
cellent remedy in cases of simple debility 
of the digestive organs or of the alimen- 
tary canal, resulting from whatever 
cause. 
Columella. See Columnella. 
Coltimelliacese,® kol-u-mel-le-a'- 
sho-e. [From Columel'lia, one of the 
genera.] An obscure natural order of 
exogenous shrubs and trees, found in 
Mexico and Peru. Allied to the Jas- 
minaceae. 
Co-ltim'na,® plural Co-lum'nse. 
[Fr. Oolonne, ko'lonn'.] Literally, a 
“ column,” or “ pillar.” Often applied in 
Anatomy to parts supposed to resemble 
a column, as those of the ve'lum pala'ti, 
and the columnie carnese, or muscular 
fasciculi of the internal walls of the 
heart. 
Colum’na Xa'sl.® (“Column of the 
Nose.”) The fleshy termination of the 
septum of the nose. 
Colum'na O'ris.® (“ Column of the 
Mouth.”) Tho uvula. 
COL 
Colum'na Ver-te-bra'lis.* (“Ver- 
tebral Column.”) The spinal column. 
Col-um'rise Car'ne-se.* (“ Fleshy 
Columns.”) (Fr. Colonnes Charnues, 
ko'lonn' shaR'nii'.) The muscular pro- 
jections in the ventricles of the heart. 
Co-lsiin nar. [Columna r!*: from 
colum'na, a “pillar.”] Belonging to a 
pillar or column; pillar-like. 
Col-um-iiel'la,* or Col-u-mel'la.* 
[Diminutive of colum'na.] Applied in 
Botany to a substance passing through 
the capsule, connecting the several par- 
titions and seeds. 
Col-um-nlf'er-ous. [Colunmif'- 
erus; from colum'na, a “column,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Applied in Botany 
to plants that have the stamens and 
pistil like a column in the middle of the 
flower. 
Co-lum'1111-la.* [Diminutive of 
colum'na.] The filament which passes 
through the middle of the capsule of 
frondose mosses. 
Colnvrine dc Virginie, ko'lii'vr&n' 
deh v6it'zh6'n£'. The French for Vir- 
ginia Snake-root. See Aristolochia. 
Col za Oil. A liquid extracted from 
the grain of the Bras'sica Arvcn'sis, used 
in making soft soap. 
Co'mu. atie,* plural Co'ma-ta. [Gr. 
Ktufua, “deep sleep.”] A state of lethargic 
drowsiness, produced by compression of 
the brain and other causes. 
Co'ma.* [Gr. xto/zj?, the “hair of the 
head.”] Literally, a “head of hair.” 
Applied in Botany to a bush or head of 
leaves terminating a stem. 
Co'ma-Vis'll.® (“Watchful Coma.”) 
The lethargic condition of the patient in 
bad cases of typhus, in which he is 
watchful and muttering in delirium. 
Co'ma-ta,* the plural of Co'ma. Ap- 
plied to soporose diseases. An order of 
the class Neuroses of Cullen's Nosology. 
Co'ina-tose. [Coinato'sus; from 
co'ma.] Having a constant propensity 
to sleep; full of sleep. 
Coin-hl-mCt ion. [Combina'tio, 
o'in's; from coni'bino, combina'tum, to 
“set in couples together” (from con, 
“together,” and bi'nus, “two by two”).] 
A true chemical union of two or more 
substances, as opposed to mere mechani- 
cal mixture. 
Combretacea;,* kom-bre-ta'she-e. 
[From Combre'tum,one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous shrubs and 
trees, all natives of the tropics, mostly 
astringents. Some species of it produce 
valuable dyestuffs. 
COM 
131 COM 
COM 
Coin-bus t ion. [Combns'tio, o'nis ; 
from combu'ro, combus'tum, to “burn.”] 
Burning. The evolution of heat and 
light during chemical action, by absorb- 
ing oxygen from atmospheric air. 
Combustion, Preternatural, 
Combustion. Spontaneous. See 
Spontaneous Combustion. 
Com'et. [Come'ta, or Come'tes; 
from the Greek KOfifims, “long-haired;” 
from the stream of light usually ap- 
pended to them, like a tail.] The name 
of a heavenly body, supposed to be 
planetary, forming a part of our system. 
Commamler’s Balsam. See Tinc- 
TURA BeNZOINI. 
Commelynacete,* or Commeli- 
naccse,* kom-me-le-na'she-e. [From 
Commely'na, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, including the Spider-wort, Tra- 
descantia. 
Com'mi-nut-ed. [Comminu'tus; 
from commin' uo, coniminu'turn, to “ break” 
or “crush into small pieces.”] Applied 
to fractures in which the bone is broken 
into several pieces. 
Com-mis-su'ra.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and rnit'to, nils'sum, to “put.”] 
A joining together; something which 
joins together: a com'missuro. 
Commissu ra flagna.* (“Great 
Commissure.”) The Corpus callosum. 
CommiKsu'ra MoI'Iis.* (“Soft 
Commissure.”) The name of the gray 
mass uniting the thalami of the brain. 
Commissure. See Commissura. 
Common Integuments. See In- 
teguments. 
Com-mn'nI-cans,* plural Com- 
mu-ni-can'teS. [The present parti- 
ciple of commu'nico, communica'turn, to 
“communicate.”] Communicating; that 
which establishes communication. 
Commu'nicans Tib'i-ie.* (“Com- 
municating [Nerve] of the Tibia.”) Ap- 
plied to the external saphenal branch of 
the tibial nerve. 
Commu'nicans Wil-lis'i-i.* 
(“Communicating [Artery] of Willis.”) 
A branch of the internal carotid artery, 
passing to the posterior cerebral artery. 
Com-mu-ni-can tei Ar-te'rl-ae.* 
(“ Communicating Arteries.”) Of these, 
there are two within the cranium, the 
principal of which is the Communicans 
Willisii. 
Comparative Anatomy. See Anat- 
omy, Comparative. 
Com-plex'us.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and plec'to, plex'um, to “plait,” 
to “weave.”] Literally, “woven to- 
gether.” Applied to a muscle situated 
at the back part of the neck. It is so 
named from the intricate mixture of its 
muscular and tendinous parts. It is 
attached to the occipital bone, and to 
the cervical and upper dorsal vertebrae. 
Com'pll-cat-ed. [Complica'tus; 
from con, “together,” and pli'co, plica'- 
turn, to “fold,” to “knit.”] Applied to 
fractures that are combined with other 
circumstances that make their treatment 
difficult; as a wounded artery, disloca- 
tion, injury of the viscera, etc. 
Com-pli-ea'tion. [Complica'tio, 
o'ms; from the same.] The coexistence 
of two or more diseases, which modify 
each other, without being in their nature 
inseparable. 
Compositse,* kom-poz'e-te. [From 
con, “together,” and po'no, pos'itum, to 
“put.”] The largest of all known na- 
tural groups of plants, and so called 
because the old botanists who invented 
the name regarded the flower-heads as 
compound flowers. It answers to the 
Syngenesia polygamia of Linnaeus. It is 
characterized by having capitate flowers, 
syngenesious anthers, and an inferior 
ovary, with a single erect ovule. This 
order includes about nine hundred 
genera and eight thousand species. 
Com-poS'I-tus.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and jio'no, pos'ituin, to “put.”] 
Compound; opposed to “simple.” Ap- 
plied in the plural feminine to a natural 
order of plants. See Composite. 
Compote (Fr.), koM'pot'. (A con- 
traction of Compositus, which see.) 
Fruits preserved with sugar ; generally 
stone fruits. 
Com'pound. [Compos'itus; a 
corruption of componed, passive parti- 
ciple, from the obsolete verb compone, to 
“put together,” to “arrange.” See 
Compositus.] Applied in Mineralogy 
to a form contained under planes not 
homologous, or equal, similar, and 
equally disposed to each other. In 
Pharmacy and Chemistry, applied to 
a mixture or substance composed of two 
or more ingredients or elements. 
ComjMKinil Blowpipe. See Blow- 
pipe. 
Com'pouaui Frae'ture. A term in 
Surgery denoting a case wherein the 
fracture of the bone is accompanied with 
laceration of the integuments, causing 
an external wound. See Fracture. 
Com press. (Conipressus; from 
con, “together,” and pre'mo, pres'mm, to 
132 COM 
CON 
“'press.”] Literally, “something pressed 
together.” A portion of folded linen, 
lint, or other material, made into a kind 
of pad to be placed over parts which 
require particular pressure. 
Coin-pressed'. [Compres'sus; 
from the same.] Flattened in a lateral 
direction. 
Com-pres-si-btl'I-ty’. [From the 
same.] A property of masses of matter, 
by which their particles are capable of 
being brought nearer together. Bodies 
which recover their former bulk on 
removal of the compressing cause are 
called elastic. 
Com-prcs'sion. [Compres'sio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The act of 
compressing, or pressing together. Ap- 
plied to an abnormal state of a part 
produced by something pressing upon 
it; generally used in reference to the 
brain. 
Com-pres'sor, o'ris.* [From the 
same.] That which compresses. Applied 
to a muscle which presses upon any 
part. In Surgery, it denotes a certain 
instrument. 
Compressor of IFupuytren. See 
Dupuytren, Compressor of. 
Compm'sor Pros'ta-tse.* (“The 
Compressor of the Prostate [Gland].”) 
The anterior fibres of the Levator ani, 
which embrace the prostate gland. 
Con. A Latin particle signifying 
“together,” and sometimes “with.” It 
is usually changed to com before h, m, 
and p, and to co before a vowel, or h. 
Hence we have combine, compress, instead 
of conbine and conpress; coagulate and 
cohabit, instead of conagulate and con- 
habit. Sometimes con is intensive, as 
concu'tio, concus'sum, to “shake vio- 
lently.” 
Co-na'rl-nm.* [From kwvo;, a “cone.”] 
Another name for the pineal gland; so 
called on account of its conical form. 
Con-cat'e-nate. [From con, “to- 
gether,” and cate'»«,a “chain.”] “Chained 
together.” A term applied to the glands 
of the neck, presenting in children a kind 
of knotty cord, extending from behind 
the ear to the collar-bone. 
Con-cau'sa.* [From con, “together,” 
and cau'sa, a “ cause.”] A cause com- 
bined with another: a concause. 
Con'cave. [From con, intensive, and 
ca'vtis, “hollow.”] Regularly hollowed 
out. like the inside of a hollow sphere. 
Con-ca'vo-con'cave. [Con'eavo- 
eon'cavus.] Having two concave 
faces. 
Con-<*a'vo-con'vex. [Con'cavo- 
convex'ns.] Having one face concave, 
the other convex. 
Con-cen'trate. [From con, “to- 
gether,” and cen'trum, a “centre.”] 
Literally, to “bring together [as an 
army] towards a common centre:” hence, 
to condense, to strengthen. 
Con-cen-tra'tion. j Concent ra - 
tio. o'nis; from the same.] Applied in 
Chemistry to the operation of rendering 
a fluid stronger by evaporating a por- 
tion of the water it contains. 
Con-cen'tric. [Concentrinis; 
from con, “together” or “with,” and 
cen'trum, a “centre.”] Having one 
common centre. 
Con-Ceptn-ele. [Conceptac'u- 
lnm; from concip'io, concep'tum, to 
“conceive.”] Applied in Botany to the 
case or vessel containing the reproduc- 
tive corpuscles in cryptogamous plants. 
The conceptacles are also termed cap- 
sules, thecie, and sporangise. 
Con-cep'tion. [From the same.] 
The impregnation of the female ovulum 
in the ovarium by the semen of the male, 
whence results a new being. 
Conception, False. An imperfect 
impregnation or blighted ovum. 
Concha,*'konk'a. [Gr./coy\;»;,a “shell.”] 
Literally, a “shell.” Applied in Anato- 
my to the hollow portion of the external 
ear, etc. 
Con'ehie Na'rl-nm.* (The “Shells 
of the Nostrils.”) The turbinated por- 
tion of the ethmoid bone, and the infe- 
rior spongy bones. 
Con-chif er-a.* [From con'cha, a 
“ shell,” and fe'ro, to “ bear,” to “ carry.”] 
The second class of the Cyclo-gangliata, 
or Mollusca, comprising acephalous 
aquatic animals covered with a bivalve 
or multivalve shell. 
Con-etlif 'er-ous. [Concliif 'eras; 
from the same.] Bearing, or having, 
shells. 
Conch'oi«l. [Conchoi'des; from 
KoyXv, a “shell,” and eido?, a “form.”] 
Resembling a shell. 
Con-choi'dal. The same as Con- 
choid. 
Con-chol'o-gry'. [Condiolo'gia; 
from Ktiyxv, a “shell,” and Atyo,-, a “dis- 
course.”] The science of shells; that 
branch of Natural History which treats 
of the form, structure, and peculiarities 
of shells. 
Conch'us.* [From s6y\ri, a “shell.”] 
The cranium. In the plural (Con'chi) 
it is applied to the cavities of the eye. 
133 CON 
CON 
Con-cliyl-e-om'c-ter. [Conchyll- 
oni'ctrnin; from xoyxvhov, a “shell,” 
and ftirfiov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
for measuring shells. 
Con-chyl-I-o-lo'&I-a.* [From xoy- 
atfiAio:', a “shell,” and Aoyo;, a “dis- 
course.”] The same as Conchology. 
Con-coc'tion. [Concoc'tio, o'nis ; 
from con, intensive, and co'quo, coc'tum, 
to “cook,” to “digest.”] The changing 
process which the food undergoes in the 
stomach and bowels: the same as Diges- 
tion, though the latter is by some medi- 
cal writers limited to the process in the 
stomach. 
Con-cretc', or kong'kret. [Con- 
crc'tus; from con, “together,”and cres' - 
co, ere'turn, to “grow.”] Applied to sub- 
stances converted from a fluid to a more 
solid consistence. 
Con-cre'tion. [Concre'tio, o'nis ; 
from the same.] The growing together 
of parts naturally separate, as the fingers 
or toes. Applied in Chemistry to the 
condensation of a fluid, or other sub- 
stance, into a more solid consistence. 
Con-cu'bi-tus.” [From con, “to- 
gether,” and cn'bo, cu'bitum, to “lie.”] 
The same as Coitus. 
Con-cus'sion. [Concus'sio, o'nis; 
from concu'tio, caucus' sum, to “shake,” 
to “shake violently.”] A diseased state, 
producing alarming symptoms, caused 
by great violence offered to the head, 
though no fissure, fracture, or extravasa- 
tion can be discovered. 
Con-<len-sa'tion. [Condensa'tio, 
o'nis; from con, “together,” and den'so, 
densa'tum, to “thicken,” to “make 
thick.”] The process of bringing the 
component parts of vapor or gas nearer 
to each other by pressure or cold. Ap- 
plied to increased density or solidity of 
the blood or tissues. 
Con-»Ien'ser, or Con-den-sii'tor.* 
[From the same.] A vessel or apparatus 
for condensing gas, vapor, or air. Also 
an instrument for rendering sensible 
the weakest quantities of electricity. 
Con-dI-men't».* [The plural of 
condimen'turn, a “ sauce” or “ seasoning 
from con'dio, to “season.”] Condi- 
ments : substances taken with the food to 
improve its flavor, to promote its diges- 
tion, or to correct its injurious qualities. 
Con-duc'tion. [Comluc lio, o'nis ; 
from condu'co, conduc'tum, to “lead to- 
gether,” to “conduct.”] The passing 
of caloric or electricity from one particle 
of matter to another, as in an iron rod 
heated at one end, in which case the 
caloric is conducted gradually along the 
particles of the iron. 
Uon-dtic'tor, o'ris.* [From the 
same.] Applied to a body which readily 
transmits electricity or caloric. 
('on-du'pli-catc. [t'ondtiplica'- 
tus; from con, “ together,” and dupli- 
ca'tus, ‘•'doubled.”] Folded together. 
i'on'dyle. [Con'dylus; from kou- 
doAoj, a “knuckle,” a “knob.”] The 
round eminence at the end of a bone in 
a joint. 
t’on'dy-loid. [Condyloi'dcs; from 
KovdoXos, a “knob,” a “condyle,” and zl&o 
a “form.”] Resembling a condyle. 
C'on-dy-lo'ma, atis.® [From xorSuXo;, 
a “knob” or “tubercle.”] A small, hard 
tumor, .or wart-like excrescence, about 
the anus and pudendum of both sexes. 
Cone. [Lat. Co'iius; Gr. kcom>,-.] A 
solid formed by the rotation of a right- 
angled triangle about its perpendicular, 
called the axis of the cone. 
Cone-Shaped. See Conical. 
Co-ne'in, or Co-ne'Ine. [Coni'a, or 
Concia, ko-ni'a; from coni'urn, “hem- 
lock.”] The active principle of Coni'um 
macula'turn ; also termed Cicutin. 
Conf. = Confec'tio* A “confection.” 
Confectio,* kon-fek'she-o, plural 
Confectioner, kon-fek-she-o'nez. (Fr. 
Conjit, k6x°'f6'.) A confection. Under 
this title the London College and U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia comprehend the conserves 
and electuaries of its former Pharma- 
copoeias. 
Confec'tio Ar-o-inat'I-ca.* (“Aro- 
matic Confection.”) Take of aromatic 
powder, four troyounces; clarified honey, 
four troyounces, or a sufficient quantity. 
Rub the aromatic powder with clarified 
honey until a uniform mass is obtained 
oftheproperconsistence. (U.S.Ph., 1860.) 
Confec'tio Auran'tii (au-ran'she-i) 
Cor'ti-$is.* (“Confection of Orange- 
peel.”) Take of sweet orange-peel, re- 
cently separated from the fruit by grating, 
twelve troyounces; sugar, thirty-six 
troyounces. Beat the orange-peel with 
the sugar, gradually added, until they 
are thoroughly mixed. (U.S. Ph., 1860.) 
Confec'tio O'pi-i.* (“Confection of 
Opium.”) Take of opium, in fine pow- 
der, two hundred and seventy grains; 
aromatic powder, six troyounces; clari- 
fied honey, fourteen troyounces. Rub 
the opium with the aromatic powder, 
then add the honey, and beat the whole 
together until thoroughly mixed. (U.S. 
Ph., 1860.) 
Confec'tio Ro'sie.* (“Confection 
134 CON 
CON 
of Rose.”) Take of red rose, in fine 
powder, four troyounces; sugar, ih fine 
powder, thirty troyounces; clarified 
honey, six troyounces; rose-water, eight 
fluidounces. Rub the rose with the rose- 
water heated to 150°, then gradually add 
the sugar and honey, and beat the whole 
together until thoroughly mixed. (U.S. 
Ph., 1860.) 
Confec'tio Sen'use* (“Confection 
of Senna”) is composed of eight parts 
of senna, four of coriander, sixteen of 
purging cassia, ten of tamarind, seven of 
prune, twelve of figs, thirty of sugar, 
and of water a sufficient quantity. (For 
particular directions in the preparation, 
see U.S. Pharmacopoeia, 1860, pp. 129 
and 130.) 
Con feet iones. See Confectio. 
Con-fur'va.* [From confer'veo, to 
“boil together,” to “boil up ;” so named, 
perhaps, in allusion to its floating like 
scum on the surface of the water.] The 
Conferva are chiefly fresh-water plants, 
composed of jointed capillary tubes, the 
joints containing granules variously ar- 
ranged. 
Confervacese,* kon-fer-va'she-e. 
[From Confer'va, a genus of aquatic 
plants.] A natural order of flowerless 
aquatic plants, common in fresh water. 
At one period of their existence they 
have the power of rapid and quasi-vol- 
untary motion. 
Con-fla'tion. [Confla'tio; from 
con'flo, con fa'turn, to “blow together,” 
to “forge,” to “melt.”] The casting or 
melting of metal. 
Con'flu-ent. [Con linens; from 
con, “together,” and fln'o, to “flow,” to 
“run.”] Applied in Botany to leaves 
connected at their base. Applied also 
to the eruption in Variola, and some 
other exanthematous diseases, when the 
pustules are so thick as to run together, 
appearing like one mass of inflamma- 
tion. 
Con-for-ma'tion. [Conforma'tio, 
o'nis; from confor'mo, to “shape” or 
“form together,” to “adapt one thing 
or part to another.”] The natural form 
of a part. 
Cong;. = Con'gius.* A “gallon.” 
Con-ire-lii'tion. [Congola'tio, 
o'nis; from eon, intensive, and ge'lo, 
gel,a'turn, to “freeze.”] The process 
whereby the change of a liquid to a solid 
body is produced by the losing of its 
caloric. 
Con'&e-ner, eri«.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and ge'nus, a “ kind” or “race.”] 
(Fr. CoHgrt!n£re,k6N0'zM'naiii'.) Literally, 
“of the same kind with another.” Ap- 
plied to muscles which perform the same 
action. Applied to genera nearly allied, 
or to species of the same genus. 
Con-gen'I-tal. [Congen itus: from 
con, “together,” or “with,” and gen'i- 
tus, “born.”] (Fr. Congenial, k6NG'zh&'- 
ne-Sl'.) Born with a person; existing 
from birth: connate. 
Con-ge'rl-e£.* [From conge'ro, to 
“carry together,” to “heap up.”] A 
collection of a number of particles into 
one mass. 
Con-ges tion. [Conges'tlo, o'nis; 
from conge'ro, conges'turn, to “carry or 
heap together.”] An excessive accumu- 
lation of the contents of any of the 
blood-vessels or ducts. 
Con-ges'tlve. [Congestions; from 
the same.] Capable of producing, or 
tending to produce, congestion. 
Con'&I-us.* A gallon. 
Con'gio-bate. [Conglolmtus; 
from conglo'bo, congloba'turn, to “gather 
into a ball.”] Formed into a ball. 
Con'giobate Gland [from con, “to- 
gether,” nndglo'bus, a “ball”], or Simple. 
A gland subsisting by itself; as those 
of the absorbent system. 
Con-ffloin'er-ate. [Conglomera'* 
tus; from conglom'ero, conglomera'turn, 
to “wind,” as on a ball, to “heap to- 
gether.” See Agglomerate.] Irregu- 
larly crowded together. 
Conglom'erate Gland [from con, 
“ together,” and glo'mus, glom'eris, a 
“heap”], or Compound. A gland com- 
posed of various glands; as the salivary, 
parotid, pancreatic, etc. 
Conglntinantla,* kon-glu-te-nan'- 
she-a. [From conglu'tino, to “glue to- 
gether.”] The same as Agglutinantia. 
See Agglutinant. 
Con-gres'sus,® or Congress. [From 
congre'dion, congres'sus, to “meet to- 
gether.”] The meeting of the male and 
female in the act of procreation. The 
same as Coitus. 
Co'ni,* the plural of Conus, which see. 
Co'ni Yas-eu-lo'si.* (“Vascular 
Cones.”) The conical convolutions of 
the vasa efferentia of the testis. They 
constitute the epididymis. 
Co-ni'a.* The same as Conein, which 
see. 
Conic. See Conical. 
Con'I-cal. [Con'icns.] Belonging 
to a cone; shaped like a cone. 
Con'I-cin. [Conlci'na.] The same 
as Conein, which see. 
135 CON 
cox 
Co-nff'cr-se* [from co'nus, a “cone,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear”], or Pinacese,* 
pi-na'shc-e. A natural order of exo- 
genous trees and shrubs, found in nearly 
all parts of the world, and usually ever- 
green. It includes the pine, cedar, 
spruce, cypress, juniper, and other trees 
of great value for timber. No order can 
be named of more universal importance 
to man, whether we view it with refer- 
ence to its timber or its secretions, 
among which are turpentine, resin, bal- 
sam, and pitch. 
Co-nif'er-ous. [Coniff'erus; from 
co'nus, a “cone,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing cones. See Conifer.e. 
Coniform. See Conoid. 
Co-ni'i I'o'li-a.® (“Leaves of Co- 
nium.”) See Coniuji. 
Co-nl-ros'tris.* [From co'nus, a 
“cone,” and ros'trum, a “beak.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural feminine to a family 
of birds having a strong conical beak: 
coniros'trate. 
Co-ni'um.® [Gr. kcjvsiov.] Called in 
English Hemlock. (Fr. Cigue, sd'gii'.) A 
Linnsean genus of the class Pentan- 
dria, natural order Umbelliferx. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || of the fresh-dried 
leaves of Gonium mnculatuin. Hemlock 
is narcotic and sedative. In large doses 
it causes vertigo, dimness of vision, 
nausea, numbness in the limbs, convul- 
sions, and death. Sometimes death en- 
sues from paralysis without coma or 
convulsions. It is employed medicinally 
as a palliative in cancerous ulcers, pain- 
ful scrofulous tumors, etc.; also in 
chronic rheumatism, neuralgia, asthma, 
and phthisis. 
Coni'um Mac-n-ia'tum.* The sys- 
tematic name of the hemlock, termed 
Cicu'ta by the Latin authors; but it is 
quite distinct from the Oicuta maculata 
of modern botanists. 
Conjonctive, k&N«'zh&Nk't5v'. The 
French for Conjunctiva. See Conjunc- 
tives. 
Con'ju-gate. [Conjuga'tua: from 
con, “ together,” and ju'go, juga'tum, to 
“yoke,” to “join.”] Yoked; joined in 
pairs. Applied to the leaves of plants. 
Conjunctiva. See Conjunctive. 
Con-junc-tl-vi'tis, 1 eft*.* Inflam- 
mation of the conjunctiva. 
Con-june-ti'vus.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and jun'go, junc’tum, to “join.”] 
Applied to a delicate mucous membrane 
(Membra'na Conjuncti'va) which lines 
both eyelids and covers the external 
portion of the eyeball. 
Connaraccce,* kon-na-ra'she-e. 
[From Con'narus, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of trees and shrubs, 
found in the tropics. One species pro- 
duces the beautiful zebra-wood of the 
cabinet-makers. 
Con'nate. [Conna'tus; from con, 
“together,” and nets'cor, na'tus, to “be 
born,” to “grow.”] Born with one; con- 
genital. In Botany, grown together. 
Con-nec'tlve [see next article] Tis'- 
sue. The same as Cellular Tissue. 
Con-nec-ti'vuHi.* [From con, “to- 
gether,” and nec'to, to “knit” or “tie.”] 
In Botany, the transverse body by which 
the lobes of the anther are united. 
('on-ni'vens,*' plural Con-nl-ven'* 
te&. [From con, “together,” and ni'veo, 
to “wink.”] Converging, as the eyelids 
in winking, etc. See Valvula: Conni- 
ventes. 
Co'noid. [Conoi'tles: from raroj, 
a “cone,” and elio;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a cone; coniform. 
Co'noiil Lig'a-ment. [I.igamen'< 
turn Conoi'tles.] The ligament which 
passes from the root of the coracoid 
process to the clavicle. 
Conque, k6xk (Fr.). See Concha. 
Con-ser'van-cj'’. [From conser'vo, 
conserva'tum, to “ preserve.”] Preserva- 
tion. Applied in medicine to the pre- 
vention of decay in excreta, etc., with a 
view to promoting health. 
Con-ser-va'trlx, i'eta.* [From the 
same.] Preserving. (Used only in the 
feminine.) See Vis Conservatrix. 
<oii'servo. [Conser va.] A com- 
position of some vegetable substance and 
sugar, beaten into a uniform mass. 
Consommt (Fr.), kf>N®'som'm&', i.e. 
“complete,” “perfect.” [From consom- 
mer; literally, to “sum up;” hence, to 
“finish,” to “perfect.”] A rich broth or 
soup containing a large proportion of gela- 
tine. Named, it would seem, on account 
of its summing up, or containing in a 
concentrated form, all the richest and 
best ingredients of the meat. 
Con-stel-la/tion. [Constella'tio, 
o'nis; from con, “ together,” and stel'la, 
a “star.”] A collection of fixed stars 
representing an animal or other figure, 
according to their arrangement. 
Con-stl-pa'tion. [Const i pat to, 
o'nis; from con, “together,” and sti'po, 
stipa'tnm, to “stuff,” to “cram close.”] 
(Fr. Echauffement, i'shof'mbN®'.) Cos- 
tiveness ; tardiness in evacuating the 
bowels. 
Con-stit'u-enS.* [Present participle 
136 CON 
CON 
of constit'uo, to “constitute,” to “com- 
pose,” to “make,” or “form.”] Lite- 
rally, “that which constitutes” or helps 
to constitute or form any compound. 
The vehicle; a constituent part of a 
medicinal formula, commonly signifying 
that wliich furnishes a convenient and 
agreeable form. See Prescription. 
Con-sti-tu'tion. [Const itnlio, 
o'nis; from constit'uo, constitu'tum, to 
“form,” to “constitute” (from con, 
“together,” and stat'uo, to “set” or 
“place”).] The general habit or tem- 
perament of the body. See Diathesis. 
Const it u'lion of the Air. That 
peculiar condition of the air which causes 
epidemics, or which impresses upon 
epidemic or sporadic diseases their 
peculiar character. 
Con-sti-tu'tion-al. Belonging to, 
or dependent upon, the constitution. 
Con-stric'tor,* plural Con-strie- 
to'reS. [From con, “together,” and 
strin'go, stric'tum, to “ draw,” to “ bind.”] 
Applied to a muscle that draws together 
or contracts any opening of the body, 
such as the pharynx. 
Constrictor Ani. See Sphincter 
Ani. 
Constrictor Oris. See Orbicula- 
ris Oris. 
Con -st r ic-to' res Ptia-ry n '£is. * 
(“Constrictors of the Pharynx.”) These 
are muscles forming a part of the parie- 
tes of the pharynx, which they con- 
tract. 
Const r ingen tia,® kon-strin-jen'- 
she-a. [The neuter plural of the present 
participle of constrin'go, to “bind to- 
gether.”] Applied to medicines which 
contract the tissues and check the secre- 
tions, etc. The same as Astringents, 
which see. 
Con-sump'tion. [Consump'tio, 
o'nis; from consu'mo, consnmp'turn, to 
“consume” or “waste away.”] Any 
wasting away of the body, but usually 
applied to Phthisis pulmonalis. See 
Phthisis and Tabe3. 
Contabcscentia,* kon-tab-es-sen'- 
she-a. [From con, intensive, and tabes'- 
co, to “ waste away.”] Atrophy, or con- 
sumption ; wasting away of the whole 
body. See Tabes. 
Con-ta'&ion. [Conta'gio, o'nis; 
from contin'go, to “touch,” to “afFect.”] 
The communication of a disease by con- 
tact, or by inhaling the effluvia from one 
already affected; often used as syno- 
nymous with Infection, which see. 
Con-ta'gioua. [Contagio'sus; from 
the same.] Applied to diseases which 
are spread by Contagion. 
Con-tiniuHl Fe'ver. [Fe'bris 
Continua.] A fever in which the 
symptoms do not intermit till its ter- 
mination. 
Con-tl-ira'l-ty. [Continu'itas; 
from cantin'eo, to “hold” or “keep to- 
gether.”] A union of parts so complete 
that they cannot be separated without 
laceration or fracture. 
Continuity, So-lu'tion of. The 
separation by fracture or laceration of 
parts previously continuous. 
Contorsio, or Contortio (kon-tor'- 
she-o), o'bm.* [From con, intensive, and 
tor'queo, tor'sum or tor'turn, to “ twist.”] 
A twisting or contortion. 
Con-tort'. [From the same.] To 
twist, or twist together: thus, the leaves 
or petals of certain plants, and some- 
times arteries and veins, are said to be 
contorted. 
Con'tra. A Latin preposition, sig- 
nifying “against,” “over against,” or 
“opposite to.” 
Con'tra-Apertu'ra.® [From con'tra, 
“opposite,” and apertu'ra, an “aper- 
ture.”] A counter-opening. An open- 
ing made in an abscess opposite to one 
already existing in it, to facilitate the 
discharge of matter. 
Con'tra-Exten'sio* (ex-ten'she-o). 
Counter-extension. The holding of the 
upper part of a broken limb or a dislo- 
cated joint towards the trunk, while ex- 
tension is being employed with the lower 
part. 
Con'tra-Fissu'ra.* (Fr. Contrecovp, 
k6\t’r'koo', and Contre/ente, kAvt’r'f oxt.) 
A fracture in a part opposite or distant 
from that in which the blow is received. 
See Fissura. 
Con'tra-In'dicate. [From con'tra, 
and indi'co, to “indicate,” to “show.”] 
To prohibit or prevent the use of a par- 
ticular remedy. See next article. 
Con'tra-Indica'tion. [Con'tra-indi- 
ca’tio, o'nis; from the same.] That 
which forbids the use of a particular 
remedy which otherwise it would bo 
proper to exhibit. 
Con-trae'tlle. [Contractills: from 
con, “together,” and tra'ho, trac'tum, to 
“draw.”] Possessing Contractility, 
which see. 
Contractility. See Contractility. 
Con-trac-til i-ty. [Contractil'itaN, 
a 'tits; from the same. Fr. Contractilite, 
k6Na'trfl,k'tAlAtsL/.] A property by which 
the particles of bodies resume their 
137 CON 
CON 
original position when the power ap- 
plied to separate them is withdrawn. 
Also, that vital property which gives to 
certain parts (muscles, for example) the 
power of contracting, by means of 
which all the various tribes of animals 
perform their motions. 
Contractility is voluntary in what are 
termed the organs of animal life (such 
as the hands, feet, tongue, etc.), and in- 
voluntary in those of organic life (as the 
heart, the stomach, etc.). Contractility 
is sometimes used as synonymous with 
Irritability, which see. 
Con-trac tion. [Contrac'tio, o'n is; 
from the same.] The shortening of liv- 
ing fibre on the application of stimulus. 
Also, the shortening of a muscle from 
gome morbid cause. 
Con-trac-tu'ra.* [From the same.] 
Literally, “contraction.” The name of 
a genus of the order Dyscincsire, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. A disease 
attended with permanent rigidity of the 
flexor muscles. It is sometimes the re- 
sult of rheumatism, colica pictonum, and 
other diseases. 
Coii-tra-jer'va,® or Con-tra-yer'- 
va.® A former name for the root of the 
Dorste'nia contrayer'va. See Dorstknia. 
Contre-conji, Contre-iente, C011- 
tre-fracture. (Fr.) The same as Con- 
tra-Fissura, which see. 
Coil-til [Contu'sio, o'nis; 
from contun'do, contu'sum, to “bruise.”] 
(Fr. Meurtrissure, Injury 
by an obtuse weapon, or violent collision 
against a hard body, without breach of 
the integuments: a bruise. 
Co'nus.® [Gr. xwof.] A cone. Ap- 
plied in Botany to a particular kind of 
fructification, as the fir-top. See Stro- 
bilus. 
Con-va-Ifcs'$ence. [Convalescen'- 
tia; from convales'co, to “grow strong” 
or “ well.”] The state or period between 
the removal of actual disease and the 
full recovery of the strength. 
Coil-va-Kis'tent. [Coil vales'cens; 
the present participle of the same.] Lite- 
rally, “growing strong” or “well.” Re- 
turning to full health after a disease is 
removed. 
Con-val-la'rl-a.® [From conval'lis, 
a “valley;” named from its abounding 
in valleys.] A genus of plants, of which 
several species were formerly used in 
medicine. The flowers and root of the 
Convalla'ria maia'lis (or maja'lis) have 
been employed as an errhine, and the 
former as a cathartic. 
Con'vox. [Convox'us; from con, 
“together,” and ve'ho, vec'tum or vex'um, 
to “carry.”] Literally, “brought to- 
gether;” hence, heaped up, swelling up 
like a heap of grain or like the part of a 
sphere. 
Convexo-Coueavus. See Concavo- 
Convex. 
Con-vex'o-Con Vex. [Convex'o- 
Convex'us.] Having both surfaces 
convex. 
Con-vo-lii'tn Os'sii.* (“ Convoluted 
Bones.”) A term applied to the upper 
and lower turbinated bones of the nose. 
See Convolutus. 
Coii-vo-lu'tion. [Con voln't io, 
o'nis; from con, “together,” and vol'vo, 
volu'tum, to “roll,” to “wrap.”] Any 
thing which is rolled together or upon 
itself. Hence the term is applied to Iho 
tortuous eminences of the cerebrum; 
also, to the irregular foldings of the in- 
testines. 
Coii-vo-lu'tiis.® [From the same.] 
Rolled up; con'voluted. 
Convolviilncese,* kon-vol-vu-la'- 
she-e, or Con-volVu-li.® [From Con- 
volvulus, one of the genera.] A natu- 
ral order of herbaceous or shrubby twi- 
ning plants, yielding a milky juice when 
wounded. They are abundant in the 
tropics, and possess purgative qualities 
in their roots, depending upon a peculiar 
resin, of which scammony and jalap may 
be taken as examples. 
Con-vol-vu-la'coons. [Convolvn- 
la’ceus.] Having an arrangement like 
the Convolvulus. 
Con-vol'vu-lt,® the plural of Con- 
volvulus, forming the Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Con- 
VOLVULACEjE. 
Con-vol'vii-lus.* [From convol'no, 
to ‘‘wrap together,” to “entwine.”] 
Bindweed. A Linnrean genus of the 
class Pcntandria, natural order Convol- 
vulacese. 
ConvoLvulus .1 a-1»'pa.* The name 
given by Linnmus to the jalap-plant; 
now referred to the genus Ipomcea. See 
Ipomoea Jalapa. 
Con vol vulus Scam-mo'nl-a.® The 
systematic name of the scammony-plant. 
Convulsio. See Convulsion. 
Convulsio Camilla. See Rises Sar- 
DOXICUS. 
Convnl'sio (kon-vul'she-o) Ha-bit- 
u-a'lis.* (“Habitual Convulsion.”) 
One of the names of Chorea, or St. Vitus’s 
Dance. 
Con-vul'sion. [Convulsio, o'nis; 
138 from convel'lo, convul'sum, to “pull to- 
gether.”] Violent agitation of the limbs 
or body, generally marked by clonic 
spasms. See Spasmus. 
Copahu, ko'p&'ii'. The French term 
for Copaiba, which see. 
Co-pai'ba* (Spanish pronunciation 
ko-pi'Bi, almost ko-pI'vS.). [From Co'- 
pal, an odoriferous gum, and i'ba or 
i'va, a “tree.”] A resinous juice, or 
oleo-resin, obtained from the Copaifera 
multijuga and other species of Copaifera. 
The Pharinacopceial name || of balsam of 
copaiba. 
Copaiba is gently stimulant, diuretic, 
and laxative, and in large doses some- 
times actively purgative. It is much 
used as a remedy in gonorrhoea and 
other diseases of the mucous mem- 
branes, especially those of a chronic 
character. 
Copaiba1 O'le-iim.® (“Oil of Co- 
paiba.”) An oil distilled from the oleo- 
resin of copaiba (Lond. Ph., 1851). 
Co-padf'er-a.*' [From copai'ba, and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] A Linnsean genus of 
the class Decandria, natural order Legu- 
minosse. 
Copaif'era Mul-tij'u-ga.* The 
systematic name of the tree which pro- 
duces copaiba, growing native in Vene- 
zuela, also found in some of the West 
India islands, particularly Trinidad and 
Martinique. It is a handsome tree, with 
a lofty stem much branched at the top 
and crowned with a thick canopy of 
foliage. 
Copaif'era is.’: One 
s>f the plants which afford copaiba. 
Co-pai'va. The same as Copaiba, 
which see. 
Co'pal. (Sp. Copal, ko-p&l'.) A resin- 
ous substance obtained from the Hy- 
mentea Courbaril and other species of 
Hymentea. Dissolved in alcohol, it has 
been used as a remedy for spongy gums. 
It is at present chiefly or solely em- 
ployed as a varnish. 
Co-pho’sis.* [From xaxpo;, “deaf.”] 
Deafness. 
Copper. See Cuprum. 
Cop'pcr-as. A name for the sulphates 
of copper, iron, and zinc; also respect- 
ively called blue, green, and white vitriol. 
Cop'per-nick'el. A native arseniu- 
ret of nickel, a copper-colored mineral 
found in Westphalia. 
<'op-ra-go'gus.* [From xinpos, “ex- 
crement,” and ayw, to “carry” or “bring 
away.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
(Coprago'ga) to purgatives,—that is, 
COP 
COR 
medicines which bring away the fasces: 
cop'ragogue. 
Cop'ro-lite, Cop'ro-lith. [Coprol- 
itiius: from xmpoi, ‘‘excrement,” and 
a “stone.”] A ball of hardened 
faeces or other mass in the bowels. 
Co-pros'ta-siw.* [From nonpo;, 
“faeces,” and 'larript, to “stand,” to “be 
stationary.”] Costiveness; undue re- 
tention of the faeces in the intestines. 
Hence the terms Copragoga or Eccopro* 
tica, denoting purgatives. 
Cop-u-liV tioii. [Copula! io. o' nix; 
from cop'ulo, copula'turn, to “couple to- 
gether.”] The same as Congiiessus, 
which see. 
Cor,® gen. Cor'tlfs. [Gr. /capita; Fr. 
Cceur, kuit.] The Latin term for the 
heart, the central organ of circulation. 
See Heart. 
Cdr'a-eo-. A prefix denoting at- 
tachment to the coracoid process of the 
scapula. 
Cdr'a-coid. [Coracoi'des; from 
icopai:, Kopaicoa “raven” or “crow,” and 
c/Sof, a “form.”] Resembling a crow’s 
beak. Applied to a process of the 
scapula; also applied by Owen to the 
homologues of the coracoid process of 
the scapula. 
Cor'aeold L,ig--a-inent. [I.iga- 
mcn'tiim Coracoi'deuin.] A small 
ligament extending from the coracoid 
process across the notch of the scapula, 
converting the notch into a foramen. 
Cor'acoid Process. [Proces'sus 
Coracoi'deas.] A projection or process 
on the anterior and upper margin of the 
scapula, supposed to resemble the beak 
of a crow. 
Cor-a-co-i'de-ns.* [From coracoi'- 
des.~\ Belonging to the coracoid process 
of the scapula. See Coracoid Liga- 
ment and Coracoid Process. 
(Aral. [Lat. Coral'liuin or Co- 
ral'lnm; Gr. /copaXb/ov; supposed to be 
derived from xopri, a “daughter,” and 
5X,-, the “sea.”] A stony or horny sub- 
stance growing in the sea, once supposed 
to be a plant, but now regarded as the 
skeleton or shell of a congeries of small 
Polgpi. 
Cor-al-Iif'er-ons. [Corallif'erus; 
from coral'him, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Coral-bearing. Applied in the plural 
masculine (Cor aliif' eri) to an order of 
Polgpi. 
Cor-al'll-form. [Corallifor'mis; 
from coral'lium or coral' lum.] Formed 
like coral. 
Cor-al-li&'er-us.® [From coral'* 
139 lum, and ge'ro, to “bear.”] The same as 
CORALLIFEROUS. 
Cttr'ul-loid. [Corallol’des; from 
eoral'lnm, and el&os, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling coral. 
Coralloidal. See Coralloid. 
Cor'cu-Ium.* [Diminutive of cor, 
the “heart.”] The heart and essence of 
the seed; the embryo, or germ. 
Cor’date. [Corda'tus; from cor, 
cor'dis, the “heart.”] Heart-shaped. 
Cordiaceae,* kor-de-a'she-e. [From 
Cor'dia, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous trees, natives of the 
tropics. They are the Sebestens of the 
European Materia Medica. 
Cordial, kord'yal. [Cordia'lis; 
from cor, the “heart.”] Any stimu- 
lating medicine which raises the spirits. 
Cor'dI-form. [Cordifor'mis; from 
cor, the “heart.”] Formed like a heart. 
Cordon Omhilicale, kon'diN0' 6m'- 
b6'16'kiii'. The French term for Funicu- 
lus, which see. 
Core. [From cor, the “heart.”] The 
hard portion of sloughy or purulent 
matter found in boils. 
Cor-ee-to'nii-a,* [From sopp, the 
“pupil,” and isrifiMu, to “cut out.”] The 
operation for artificial pupil by removal 
of a part of the iris: corec'tomy. See 
Coretomia and Iridectomy. 
Cor-e-dl-al'y-sis.* [From nopp, the 
“pupil,” and diuXwrif.] The operation for 
artificial pupil, separating part of the ex- 
ternal margin of the iris from the Corpus 
ciliare. See Iridodialysis. 
Cor-e-in»r-pBi©'sis.* [From nope, 
the “pupil,” and pop buns, “formation.”] 
An operation for forming an artificial 
pupil. See Corectomia, Iridectomy. 
Cor-en-clel'sis.* [From >e6pr), the 
“pupil,” and EyxXrtto, to “include.”] An 
operation for artificial pupil by drawing 
a portion of the iris through an incision 
in the cornea, and cutting it off. 
Co-re-on'$I-on,* Co-re-on'cl-um,* 
or ko-re-on'she-um. [From Kdpq, the 
“ pupil,” and oy><o;, a “ hook.”] A kind of 
hook for the operation for artificial pupil. 
Cor'e-pl as' tl-ca,* Cor'e-plas' tl- 
$e.* [From sopp, the “pupil,” and irXao-- 
Torrj, the “art of making images.”] Ope- 
ration for artificial pupil in general: 
cor'eplasty. 
Cor-e-to'mI-a.* [From Koprj, the 
‘'pupil,” and rtpvw, to “cut.”] Opera- 
tion for artificial pupil by simply cutting 
through the iris: coret'omy. See Iri- 
ditomia. 
Co-rl-a'ceous. [Coria'ceus; from 
COR 
eo'rium, “leather.”] Of the nature of 
leather; leathery. 
Co-rl-an'drum.'* [From s6pi;, a 
“bug;” from the smell.] A Linnman 
genus of the class Pentandria, natural 
order Umbelli/erte. Also the Pharmaco- 
poeial name || for the fruit of Conundrum, 
sativum. 
Corian'drum Sa-ti'vum.* The 
coriander-plant. 
Co'ri-uin.* [Gr. x<5pioi/.] Literally, 
the “skin or hide of animals.” The 
Cutis, or true skin. 
Oor'mus.* [Gr. roppfx,, a “trunk” or 
a “tail.”] A corm. The body, or trunk 
of a tree; also the bulb of bulbous 
plants. 
Corn. [From cor’nu, a “horn. Fr. 
Cor, koR.] A horny hardness of the 
skin, occurring chiefly on the joints of 
the toes, and caused by continued pres- 
sure or friction. 
Cornaccse,* kor-na'she-e, or Cor'- 
ne-se.* A natural order of trees and 
shrubs, found in temperate climates, in- 
cluding the Comm, or Dog-Wood, the 
bark of which is said to rank among 
the best tonics in North America. 
Corne. See Cornu. 
Cor'ne-a.* [From cor'nu, a “horn.”] 
A transparent, convexo-concave, nearly 
circular substance, forming the anterior 
part of the eyeball. It is often termed 
the Cornea lu’cida, or C. transpa'rens, or 
the “transparent cornea.” 
Cor'nea O-pa'cai.® The sclerotic 
coat of the eye. 
Cor-ne-i'tis, idis* [From cor'nea.] 
Inflammation of the cornea. The same 
as Ceratitis. 
Cor'ne-ous. [for'nens: from cor'- 
nu.] Belonging to horn; horny. 
Cornicle. See Corniculum. 
Cor-nic'u-late. [Corn icula'tus; 
from cornic'ulum, a “little horn.”] Hav- 
ing horns or parts resembling them. 
Cor-nic'u-lum® [diminutive of cor'- 
nu, a "horn”], or Cornic'ulum I.a- 
ryn'&is* (“Cornicle of the Larynx”). 
A small cartilaginous body surmount- 
ing the arytenoid cartilage. 
Cor'ni-form. [Corn! for'in is; from 
cor'nu, a “horn.”] Horn-shaped. 
Cor-ni£'er-ous. [Cornijf'crus; 
from cor'nu, and ge'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Having horns. 
Cor'nin, or Cor'ntne. A term 
applied to a peculiar bitter principle 
said to have been found in the bark of 
the Comm Florida: its properties re- 
semble those of quinine. 
COR 
140 COR 
COR 
Cor'nu,* plural Cor’mi-a. (Fr. 
Come, koiin.) A Latin word signifying a 
“horn.” Applied to a certain kind of 
warts, on account of their horny hard- 
ness. Also the Pharmacopceial name 
(Lond. aud Ed. Ph.) of hartshorn. See 
Cornu Cervi. 
Cor'nua U'teri* (“Horns of the 
Uterus.”) The angles of the uterus 
where the Fallopian tubes are given off. 
for'nu Ani-mo'nLs,® Cornu A-ri'- 
e-tis.* The appearance like a ram’s 
horn presented by the cortical substance 
of the cerebrum when the pes hippo- 
campi is cut transversely through. 
Cor'nu C'er'vi.® (“Horn of the 
Stag.”) The horn of the Cercus elephas; 
hartshorn. An impure carbonate of 
ammonia was formerly obtained from 
burning the shavings of hartshorn; 
while the residue, called Cornu ustum 
(“ burnt horn”), consisting chiefly of 
phosphate of lime with a small pro- 
portion of free lime, was used as an 
antacid. 
Cor’nu Us'tum.* [From u’ro, us'turn, 
to “burn.”] A name for the phosphate 
of lime prepared from horn by tire. See 
Cornu Cervi. 
Cor'nus Cir-d-na'ta,* and Cor'nus 
Serlc'ea.* Small trees or shrubs found 
in the Northern and Middle United States. 
Their bark possesses medical virtues 
similar to those of Cornus Florida. 
Cor'nus Fllir'Ma.® A small tree 
of the Linnman class Tetrandria, natu- 
ral order Cornacese. It grows in all the 
United States east of the Mississippi, 
but most abundantly in the Middle 
States. Also the Pharmacopteial name 
(U.S. Ph.) of the bark of the Cornus 
Florida, which appears to possess, 
though in an inferior degree, the tonic 
and antipcriodic virtues of cinchona. 
Cornus Sericea (se-rish'e-a). See 
Cornus Circinata. 
Cor'nute. [Corun'tiis; from cor'nu, 
a “horn.”] Having horns; horned. 
Co-rol'la.? [Diminutive of coro'na, 
a “crown.”] Literally, a “little crown.” 
Usually the most beautiful portion of 
the flower (the separate pieces of which 
are called petals), situated between the 
calyx and internal organs. 
Cor'ol-la-ry. [Corolla'rium; from 
corol'la.] Applied to a tendril formed 
by a petal or segment of a corolla. Also, 
a truth necessarily following from some 
preceding truth or demonstration. 
Cor'ol-late. Having a corolla. 
Cor-ol-lif'er-ous. [Corolllf'erus; 
from corol'la, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing a corolla. 
Co r-o 111-lor in. [('orollitor'niis; 
from corol'la.] Having the appearance 
of a corolla. 
Co-rol'lu-la.* [Diminutive of corol'- 
la.'] The partial floret of a compound 
flower. 
Co-ro'na.® [From eopovn, the “crest” 
or “summit” of any thing.] A crown. 
Applied in Anatomy' and Natural His- 
tory to eminences of bone, or any ob- 
jects or parts bearing resemblance to 
a crown. 
foro'na CJlan'dis.* (“Crown of 
the Gians.”) The ring or rim running 
round the base of the Gians penis. 
Corona Ven'e-ris.® (“Crown of 
Venus.”) (Fr. Couronne de Venus, koo’- 
ronn' d§h v&'ntis'.) Syphilitic blotches 
which often extend around the forehead, 
like a crown. 
Co-ro'nad. Applied the same as 
Coronal used adverbially. 
Cor-o'nal, orkor'o-nal. [Corona'I is; 
from coro'na, a “crown.”] Applied by 
Dr. Barclay in reference to the aspects 
of the head; towards the erown of the 
head. 
Coro'nal Su ture. [Sutu'ra Co- 
rona'lis.] The suture formed by the 
union of the frontal with the two parie- 
tal bones. 
Cor'o-na-ry. [Coroiia'riits; from 
coro'na, a “crown.”] (Fr. Coronaire, 
ko'ro'neR'.) Applied to vessels, liga- 
ments, and nerves which encircle parts 
like a crown, as the “coronary arteries 
of the heart,” the “coronary artery of 
the stomach,” etc. 
Cor-o-natus.® [From coro’na, 
corona'turn, to “crown.”] Literally, 
“crowned.” Applied in the plural femi- 
nine (Corona'tee) to a class or division 
of plants having the seed-bud crowned 
by the flower-cup. 
Co-ro'ne.® [Gr. Kopicvp, a “crow,” 
any thing curved like a crow’s beak.] 
The acute process of the lower jaw- 
bone,—so named from its supposed re- 
semblance to a crow’s bill. 
Cor'o-ner. [From coro'na, a“crown.”] 
Originally an officer who had authority 
from the Crown to make inquest before 
a jury of twelve, as to the true cause of 
death, in every case of sudden decease. 
The word was formerly written Crowner. 
Cor'o-noid. [Coronoi'dcs; from 
Kopovp, a “crow,” and cilos, a “form.”] 
Applied to processes of bones in any 
way like a crow’s beak. Applied by 
141 Owen to the subdivision in the mandi- 
ble of reptiles, into which the crotaphite 
muscle is always more or less inserted. 
Co-ron' li-la.* [Diminutive of coro'- 
nn, a “crown.”] A coronet or downy 
tuft surrounding the seeds of certain 
flowers. A cor'onule. 
Cor'po-ra,* gen. Cor'po-rnm, the 
plural of Corpus, which see. 
Cor'pora Alhicau'tia* (al-be-kan'- 
she-a). (The “Whitish Bodies.” See Al- 
bicans.) Two small protuberances on 
the base of the brain. Called also 
Mammillary Tubercles or Mammillary 
Bodies, from theirresemblancetoanipple. 
Corpora Amyl area. See Neijro- 
Glia. 
Cor'pora Cav-er-nosa.* (“Cav- 
ernous Bodies;” so called from the cavi- 
ties or cells found in them.) The crura 
of the penis. Also, the same part or 
parts of the Clitoris. As the Corpora 
cavernosa are only partially separated, it 
is more correct to call this portion of 
the organ the Corpus cavernosum (“Cav- 
ernous Body”). 
Cor'pora [From 
genicula’tus, “jointed” or “bent like a 
knee.”] Two tubercles, internum and 
externum, on the inferior part of the 
optic thalami. 
tlor'pors* lai'te-a.5 (“Yellow Bo- 
dies.”) Yellow spots found in the oraria, 
in place of ova, removed by impregna- 
tion or otherwise. 
Cor'pora Main-niil-Ia'ri-a.* The 
Corpora Albicantia, which see. 
Cor'pora <M-i-va'ri-a; (“ Olive- 
shaped Bodies”), Cor'jFora O-va'ta* 
(“ Oval Bodies”). The two external 
oval prominences on the Medulla oblon- 
ijatn. 
Cor'poraRyr'-aiiiT-iIa'lI-ft.® (“ Py- 
ramidal Bodies.”) The two anterior 
eminences of the Medulla oblongata. 
Corpora (iuadrigemina. See Tu- 
BERCULA QuADRIGEMINA. 
Cor’pora “Rope- 
like Bodies.”) The two posterior oval 
eminences on the Medulla oblongata. 
Corpora Sesamoidea. See Arantii, 
Corpora. 
Cor'pora Slri-ii'fci.3 (“Striated 
Bodies.”) Two smooth cineritkms con- 
vexities, one on the fore part of each 
lateral ventricle of the brain. When 
cut, a mixture of gray and white matter 
in alternate layers is exhibited, causing 
a striated appearance. 
Corpulency. See Polysarcia. 
Cor'pus,5 gen. Cor’po-ris. (Fr. 
COR 
Corps, kon.) A Latin word signifying 
Body, which see. 
Cor'pns An-nu-la're.® The Pong 
Vo roll i. 
Cor'pns* Cal-lo'Min*.* (“Callous 
Body” or Substance.) The white me- 
dullary substance joining the hemi- 
spheres of the. brain; the Commissura 
mo if ntt. 
Corpus Caver 110*11111. See Corpora 
Cavernosa. 
Cor’pus* CI-ne're-um* (“Ash-co- 
lored or Cor'pns Oen-ta'timi* 
(“Dentated Body”). A small oval mass 
of gray substance seen on a section of 
either hemisphere of the cerebellum, 
about an inch from the median line. On 
its circumference arc a number of in- 
dentations. 
Corpus Fim-brl-a'turn.* (“Fringed 
Body.”) A narrow white band along 
the concave edge of the inferior cornu 
of the lateral ventricle of the brain ; the 
Tsenia hippocampi. 
Cor'pus CSIan-du-Io'snm.® (“ Glan- 
dulous Body.”) A spongy eminence 
surrounding the orifice of the female 
urethra; sometimes called the “female 
prostate gland” (Glun'dula pros'tata 
mnlie'brts). 
Corpus Nneesora. See Rete Mu- 
cosum. 
Cor'pus Pani-pIn-I-for’me.* (“Ten- 
dril-like Body.”) A plexus formed by 
the spermatic veins, above the testis. 
Corpus Psaloides.5* The Fornix. 
See Fornix. 
Corpus* Pyramidale. See Corpus 
Pampiniforme. 
Corpus* Reticular**, or Corpus* Re- 
ticular** Malpighi. See Rete Mu- 
cosum. 
Corpus Rlioniboideum. See Cor- 
pus Dentatum. 
Corpus Spongiosum Penis. See 
next article. 
Cor'pus SiHm-g-f-o'sHiii l'-ro'- 
thr*e.® (“ Spongy Body [or Substance] 
of the Urethra.”) A cellnlar, vascular, 
dark-red, or purple substance, which 
covers the urethra. 
Cor'pus* V&r-i-co'snm.* (“Vari- 
cose Body.”) The spermatic plexus. 
[Corpus'cnlum; di- 
minutive of cor’pus.] A small body; ail 
atom. 
Co r-p us' on -far. [< 'orpuscu la' r is ; 
from corpus’ culttm, a “corpuscle” or 
“minute body.”] Belonging to a cor- 
puscle, or to the doctrine of atoms. 
Cor'ri-geus.® [The present parti- 
COK 
142 COR 
cos 
ciple of cor’ rigo, correc’ turn, to“correct.”] 
A constituent part of a medicinal for- 
mula; “that which corrects its opera- 
tion.” See Prescription. 
Cor>rob'u-rant. [Corrob'oraus; 
from corrob'oro, to “strengthen.”] 
Strengthening, or giving strength. 
Cor-ro'&Ive. [Corresi vus; from cor 
for con, intensive, and ro'do, ro' sum, to 
“gnaw,” to “eat away.”] Literally, 
“ eating away.” Destroying the texture 
or substance of a body, more especially 
of a living body. 
Corrosive Sublimate. See IIy- 
drargyri Chi.oridum Corrosivum. 
Cor'ru-gi»t-e<l. [Corruga tus; from 
cor for con, “together,” or intensive, and 
ru'go, ruga'turn, to “wrinkle.”] Wrin- 
kled. 
Cor-ru-gu't ion. [Corruga't io; 
from the same.] The contraction of the 
surface of a body into wrinkles. 
Cor-ru-jga'tor, o'r/s.* [From the 
same.] Literally, a “ wrinkler.” Ap- 
plied to a muscle which contracts the 
skin into wrinkles. 
Corrugn’tor Su-per-eil'I-i.* 
(“Wrinkler of the Brow.”) The muscle 
which knits or contracts the brow into 
wrinkles. 
Corselet, In Entomology, 
the Prothorax, collar, or anterior seg- 
ment of the trunk. 
fort. — Cor'tex.* “Bark.” 
Cor'tex,* gen. [As if 
Con'tex ; from con'tego, to “cover over.”] 
(Fr. Ecorce, A'koRss'.) The outermost 
covering of the stem and branches of 
all plants, analogous to the skin of 
animals. 
Cor'tex Cfcr'e-bri.* (The “Cortex, 
or Cortical Substance, of the Brain.”) 
The gray or cineritious substance found 
on the exterior of the cerebrum and cere- 
bellum, covering the whitish medullary 
matter beneath as the bark of a tree 
covers the alburnum. 
Cor'tex Cu-ll-la'wan.* The name 
for the bark of the Laurtts culilawan. 
Cor'tex E-leu-1he'rl-*e. The bark 
of the Groton cascarilla. 
Cor'ti-cal. [Cortiea'lis; from cor'- 
tex, cor'tlcis, “bark.”] Belonging to 
bark; of the nature of bark. Applied 
to that which covers a part, as the cor- 
tical portion of the brain or the kidneys. 
C'or'tl-eate. [Cortiea'tus; from 
co’-'tex, “bark.”] Having bark; barked. 
Cor-tl-$if'er-ous. [Corticif erus; 
from cor'tex, “bark,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing, or producing, bark. 
[Corticifor'mis; 
from cor'tex, “bark.”] Appearing like 
bark. 
Cor'tl-edse. [Cortico'sus; from 
cor'tex, “bark.”] Having bark, or full of 
bark. 
Corylaceee,* kor-e-la'she-e. [From 
Cor'yluH, the “hazel-tree.”] A name 
given by Lindley to a natural order of 
plants. See Cupuliferas. 
Cbr'ymb. [Corym'bus; from xopvi, 
the “crown of the head.”] A kind of 
spike, the partial flower-stalks of which 
are gradually longer, so that all the 
flowers are nearly on a level at the top. 
Cor jin-bifer-te.s [From corym’- 
bus, a “corymb,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
A name given by Jussieu to a division 
of the order Compoeitee, including the 
Aster. 
Cor-$ni-bif'er-ous. [Corymbif'- 
erus; from corym'bus, a “corymb,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing corymbs. 
Co-ry'za,.* [Supposed to be derived 
from (fdpa, the “ head,” and $£a>, to “ boil.”] 
A limpid, ropy, mucous defluxion from 
the nostrils. 
Co-se'cant. The secant of the com- 
plement of an arc. See Secant. 
Covnietic. [Cosmet'ieus; from 
KotTfxcco, to “adorn.”] Applied to medi- 
cines supposed to have the power of re- 
moving freckles and blotches. Many 
substances used as cosmetics—such as 
lead, bismuth, and arsenic—sometimes 
give rise to cutaneous affections, and 
often cause a permanent deterioration 
in the texture of the skin. 
CoS-niog'o-ny. [Cosmogo’nla; 
from Koapof, the “universe,” and yorrj, 
“birth,” “origin.”] That science which 
treats of the origin of the universe. 
Cos-mogrn-pliy. [Cosniogra'* 
pliia; from Koopos, the “universe,” and 
ypnipoi, to “write.”] A description of the 
universe. 
Co&-mol'o-&y. [Cosinolo'gia; 
from Koapof, the “universe,” and Aoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of the universe, its formation and ar- 
rangement. 
A rib. (Fr. C6te, kot.) The 
ribs are twenty-four in number,—twelve 
on each side. The spaces between them 
are called intercostal spaces. The ribs 
are divided into— 
1. The true, or steruo-vertebral. The 
first seven pairs; so called because they 
are united by their cartilages to the 
sternum: these are called custo'dee, or 
preservers of the heart. 
143 cos 
cou 
2. The false, or vertebral. Tho re- 
maining five pairs, which are successively 
united to tho lowest true rib and to each 
other. 
The vertebral extremity of a rib is 
called the head; the contracted part 
which adjoins it forms the neck; at the 
back of the rib is the tubercle; farther 
outward the bone bends forward, pro- 
ducing the angle, from which proceeds 
the body, which passes forwards and 
downwards to the sternal extremity. 
The term costa, or rib, is applied in 
Botany to the tapering, nerve-like sub- 
stance extending from the base to the 
apex of a leaf. 
Cos'tal. [Costa'lis; from cos'ta, a 
“rib.”] Belonging to a rib or ribs. 
Cos'tate. [Costa'tus; from cos'ta, 
a “rib.”] Furnished with nerves or 
ribs. 
Costiveness. See Coxstipation. 
Cos'to-. [From cos'ta, a “rib.”] A 
prefix in compound names, denoting 
connection with a rib or ribs. 
Cotangent. See Taxgkxt. 
Cote. See Costa. 
Cotton-Plant. See Gossypium. 
Cotton-Tree. See Bombax. 
Cotula. See Mayweed. 
Cotunnii Aqmeductus, or Cot mi- 
ll ins, Aqueduct of. See Aqueduct 
op the Vestibulum. 
Co-tnn'nI-us, Xerve of. The naso- 
palatine nerve. 
Cotnn'nius, Wa'ter of. A fluid 
within the membrane lining the vesti- 
bule and semicircular canals of the 
internal ear. 
Cot-y-le'don, o'nf*.* [Gr. Korv\nl or • 
from KOTvXrj, a “cavity.”] In Botany, 
the seed-lobe, or seminal leaf, of a young 
plant, perishing as the plant grows up. 
In dicotyledonous plants (in the bean, 
for example) the cotyledon consists of 
one-half of tho seed, which, on germi- 
nating, divides into two equal parts. 
Cot-jMed'on-ous. [Cotyledo'neus, 
Cotyle'donus; from cotyle'don.] Be- 
longing to cotyledons; having cotyle- 
dons. 
Co ff-loiil. [Cotyloi’des; from 
K->rv\-i, a “small drinking-cup.”] Re- 
sembling an ancient drinking-cup. 
Cot'yloid Cav'I-ty. The same as 
Acetabulum, which see. 
Cou, koo. A French word signifying 
“neck.” See Collum. 
Cenche, koosh. [From coucher, to 
“lie down,” to “go to bed;” also, to 
“put to bed.”] A French term signify- I 
ing “child-bed,” “confinement,” or 
“delivery:” e.g. une couche heureuse, iin 
koosh uh'ruz', “ a happy delivery.” 
Couch'ing. (Fr. Voucher, to “put 
to bed,” to “cause to lie down;” because 
the lens is pushed down from its upright 
position.) The operation of putting 
down or displacing the opaque lens in 
cataract. 
('eiH'Ii'fiiK-Xwdle. The instru- 
ment used in couching. 
Cough, kof, or kawf. [Lat. Tus'sis; 
Fr. Toux, too.] A sonorous and violent 
expulsion of air from the lungs. 
Conleur, koo'lUR'. The French word 
for Color, whieh see. 
Coumarin, or Coumarine, koo'- 
ma-rin. The odoriferous principle of 
the Tonka bean, the produce of the 
Coumarou'na odora'ta. 
Counter-Extension. See Coxtra- 
Extensio. 
Counter-Fissure. See Coxtra- 
Fissura. 
Counter-Indication. See Coxtra- 
IxDICATIO. 
Conn'ter-Ir-ri-ta'tion. [Con'tra- 
Irrita'tio.] The application of a blister 
or other irritating substance to one part 
for the purpose of relieving pain in an- 
other part, usually beneath or adjacent 
to the irritated surface. 
Counter-Opening’. See Contra- 
Apertura. 
Counter-Stroke. See Coxtre- 
Coup. 
Coup de Kang, koo deh sox®. Blood- 
stroke. A term used by some French 
physicians to designate an instantaneous 
and universal congestion without any 
escape of blood from the vessels. (See 
Apoplexy.) Some authors have applied 
this name to hasmorrhages occurring in 
different parts of the body. 
Coup de Soleil (Fr.), koo d(jh so'lel 
(or so'l&I'). A stroke of the sun; gene- 
rally, any affection produced by a scorch- 
ing sun. 
Conp de "Vent (Fr.), koo deh von®. 
A stroke of the wind; an affection caused 
by exposure to a keen wind, extremely 
cold, or with rain or sleet. 
Couperos€ (Fr.), koop'ro'zsl'. (“ Cop- 
per-colored.”) A term applied to the 
Acne rosacea (or carbuncled face); so 
named from the redness of the spots. 
Courap. koo'r&p'. A form of im- 
petigo peculiar to India, described by 
Sauvages under the term Scabies In- 
dica. 
Couronne, koo'ronn'. The French 
144 COU 
CRE 
word for “crown.” See Corona, and 
Crown. 
Cours'es. A popular English term 
for the menses, or catamenia. 
Couvrecl»cf(Fr.),koov’R'shef'. (Lite- 
rally, “head-cover.”) A name given to 
certain forms of bandage applied to the 
head. 
Cow'hage, Cow-1 toll. The down 
covering the pods of the Dol'ichos pru'- 
riens, now called JIucu'na pru'riens. See 
Mucuna. 
Cow'-Pox. [Vaccl'nia.] Pustules 
of a peculiar character on the teats of 
the cow, from which the vaccine fluid 
derives its origin. 
Cowper’s Glands. See Antipros- 
TAT.® GlANDUL.®. 
Cox a,® plural Cox a1. (Fr. Hanche, 
hoNsh.) The hip, haunch, or hip-joint; 
also, the Ischium and Coccyx. Applied 
in Zoology to the first articulation of 
the feet of the Crustacea, Arachnides, 
and Insecta. 
Cox-a-lu'vl-um* [From cox'a, the 
“hip,” and la'vo, or lu'o, to “wash.”] A 
bath for the lower portion of the body; 
a hip-bath. 
Cox-M'&l-a.® [From cox'a, the “hip,” 
and u\yof, “pain.”] Pain in the hip- 
joint; hip-joint disease, or Mor'bus cox- 
a'rius. 
Cox-a'rl-us.® [From cox'a, the 
“hip.”] Belonging to the hip-joint. 
tox-a rum,* the genitive plural of 
Coxa, which see. 
Coxa'rum Mor'bus.® (“Disease of 
the Hips.”) A caries of the head of the 
os femoris, causing a permanent short- 
ening of the limb, and often accompanied 
with spontaneous luxation of the bone. 
Oox'o-. A prefix denoting connec- 
tion with the Ischium. 
Crab's Claws and Crab's fttones. 
See Canouorum Lapilli et Chel.e. 
Crab-I,ionse. See Pediculus Pubis. 
Craclt Wil'low. See Salix Fragi- 
®is. 
Cra'dle. [Ar'culns.] A kind of 
frame for keeping the bedclothes off a 
wounded or fractured limb. 
Cramp. [Low Latin Cram'pus; Ger. 
Krampf.] Spasmodic and involuntary 
contraction of muscles. See Spasmus. 
Cra'nI-al. [Cranial is.] Belong- 
ing to the cranium. 
Cra-nl-ogf'ra-phy. [Craniogra- 
phia; from cra'nium, and ypa</>&>, to 
“write.”] A description of the skull. 
Cra-nl-ol'o-ffjL [Craniolo'gia; 
from cra'nium, and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
The science which treats of skulls in 
regard to their variety of shape, size, 
proportions, etc. 
Cra-nl-om'e-ter. [Craniom'e- 
irtini; from cra'nium, and perpur, a 
‘* measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the cranium. 
Cra-ni-ot 'o-sny. [Cranioto'mia ; 
from cra'nium, and rr/n/co, to “cut.”] The 
opening of the foetal head, where neces- 
sary, to effect delivery. 
Cra'nl-um.* [Or. upaviov; from sapa, 
or Kapnvov, the “head.”] The skull, or 
upper part of the head, containing the 
brain and its connections, and consisting 
of eight bones. 
Craquement Pulinonaire (Fr.), 
krik'mdNo' pul'mo'neR'. A crackling 
sound often heard at the top of the 
lungs in the early stage of phthisis. 
Cras. — Cras'tinum,* or Gratuitous.* 
“For to-morrow.” 
Cras-sa-mon'tuin.® [From eras' sue, 
“thick,”] The soft, almost solid, mass, 
of a deep brownish red. formed by ve- 
nous blood soon after it has been ex- 
tracted. 
Crassulaceae,*kras-su-la'she-e [from 
Ortis'sula, one of the genera], or Scm- 
per-vi'vte.® A natural order of plants, 
growing in hot and dry situations, re- 
markable for the succulent nature of 
their stems and leaves. The Si durn ma- 
jus, or Semper vivum (“Live-forever”), 
is a good example of this order. 
Cra'ter, e'r/s.® [Gr. sparijp, a “ bowl.”] 
Literally, a “cup” or “bowl:” usually 
applied to the mouth of a volcano. 
Cra-ttr'i-form. j Crater i lor'in is; 
from the same.] Formed like a bowl. 
Craw. The crop of a bird. See Chop. 
Craw'-Fish, or Cray'-Fish. The 
Cancer astacus, or G. fluviatilis. 
Cream of I.imp. A mixture of 
lime and water used for purifying coal 
gas, by its property of absorbing or 
combining with the contaminating gases. 
Cream of Tar'tar. [Cre'mor Tar'- 
tari.] Bitartrate, or supertartrate, of 
potash. See Potass,® Bitartras. 
fre'a-sote, or Kre'a-sotc. [Crea- 
Ko'tuiii; from kpeas, “flesh,” and cmCm, 
to “preserve.”] A colorless, brilliantly 
transparent liquid, obtained from crude 
pyroligneous acid, and from wood tar. 
It is irritant, narcotic, styptic, power- 
fully antiseptic, and somewhat escharo- 
tic. Its use internally has been recom- 
mended in cholera, sea-sickness, and 
other affections of the stomach .and 
bowels. In large doses, it is a danger- 
145 ous poison. It has been employed ex- 
ternally with great advantage in some 
cutaneous affections, and especially in 
malignant ulcers. The editor of this 
work has used it with the happiest effects 
in indolent and malignant ulcers result- 
ing from chilblain, after all the other 
remedies usually recommended in such 
case3 had failed. 
Cre'asote Wa'ter. [A qua Crea- 
so'ti.] Take of creasote a ftuidrachm; 
distilled water a pint. Mix them, and 
agitate the mixture till the creasote is 
dissolved. (U.S. Ph., 1860.) 
Cre'a-tin, or Cre'a-tlne. [Creati'- 
«ia; from xpeaj, xpearoi, “flesh.”] A nitro- 
gonized erystallizable substance. A neu- 
tral body obtained from a fluid produced 
by mixing chopped animal muscle with 
an equal bulk of water, and subjecting 
this, in a bag, to strong pressure. It 
does not combine with either acids or 
alkalies. Also spelled Kreatin. 
Cre-at'I-nin, or Cre-at'I-nine. 
[Creatini'na.] An alkaline base into 
which Creatin is changed by heating 
with hydrochloric or other acids. Also 
spelled Krecitinin. 
Creep'in jj Sick'ness. (Ger. Krie- 
belkranlcheit, The 
name by which the gangrenous form of 
Ergotism is known in Germany. See 
Ergotism. 
Cre-mas'ter.* [From xpepato, to “sus- 
pend.”] A muscle which supports and 
compresses the testicle and spermatic 
vessels. See Spermatic Cord. 
Cre'mor, o’rig.* [From xpipvov, the 
“thick juice of barley.”] Cream; any 
substance skimmed from the surface of 
a fluid; also, a thick decoction of barley. 
Cre'nate. [Crena'tus; from cre'na, 
a “notch.”] Notched; scolloped. 
Cren'u-lat-ed. [Crennla'tus; from 
cren'nla, a “little notch.”] Having 
small notches. 
Crcp'I-tant. [Crep itans. See next 
article.] Crackling, or rattling. 
Crep-I-ta'tion. [Crepitn'tio, o'nis; 
from crep'ito, crcpita'tum, to “crackle.”] 
The sound caused by pressing any por- 
tion of cellular tissue, in which air is 
collected, between tho fingers. Also, the 
noise produced by the act of grating the 
ends of a fractured bone together. See 
Crepitus. 
Crep'I-tus.® [From cre'pn, crep'itum, 
to “ make a noise.”] The discharge of 
gas or flatus from the bowels. The 
crackling noise occasioned by pressing a 
part when air is collected in the cellular 
CRE 
tissue. The grating sensation produced 
by the ends of a fractured bone being 
rubbed against each other. 
(reseeiitiacMr,® krCs-sen-she-a'- 
she-e or kres-sen-te-a'she-e, or Cr£s- 
A natural order of ex- 
ogenous trees, natives of the tropical 
regions of Asia, Africa, and America. 
The chief plant of this order is the Cala- 
bash-tree, Crescen'tia (kres-sen'she-a) 
cuje'te, producing an esculent fruit in a 
shell which is used as a bottle. 
Crest. [Cris'ta.] Applied to several 
objects which surmount others. 
Crest'ed. [Crista tus.] Having a 
crest. 
Cre'ta.* [From Cre’ta, the island of 
Crete.] (Fr. Craie, kni.) Chalk. The 
Pharmacopceial name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) 
for native friable carbonate of lime. 
Cre'tu Freep-a-ra'ta.* (“ Prepared 
Chalk.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Br. Ph.) for chalk finely pulverized by 
levigation. 
Cre-ta'eeous. [Creta'ceus; from 
cre'ta, “chalk.”] Of the nature of 
chalk; chalky. 
Cre’ti-nMm. [Cretinis'mus; ety- 
mology uncertain.] An endemic disease 
common in Switzerland and other moun- 
tainous countries, characterized by ijoitre, 
stinted growth, swelled abdomen, wrin- 
kled skin, wan complexion, vacant and 
stupid countenance, misshapen cranium, 
idiocy, and comparative insensibility. 
Cri-bra'tion. [Cribra'tio, o'nis; 
from cri'bro, cribra'tum, to “sift” (from 
crib'nan, a “ sieve”).] The act or pro- 
cess of sifting, or passing through a 
sieve. 
Crib'rl-form. [Cribrifor'mis; 
from crib'rum, a “sieve.”] Perforated 
like a sieve. 
Cri'oo-. A prefix denoting attach- 
ment to the cricoid cartilage. 
Cri'coid. [Crleoi'dcti and Criooi'- 
(leus; from xpixoq, a “ring,” and tiJos, a 
“form.”] Resembling a ring. 
Cri'coid Car'tl-lage. [Cartila'p) 
Cricoi'des.] The name given to one 
of the cartilages of the larynx. 
Criminal Abortion. See Foeticide. 
Cri'nate. [Crina'tus; from cri'nis.'] 
Having hair. 
Cri'nis.® [From xpiva, to “distin- 
guish”?] The hair of the head, espe- 
cially of the back part, See Capillus. 
Cri'noid. [Crinoi'des; from xpi- 
vov, a “lily,” and ri<5oj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a lily. 
Crinones. See Malis Gordii. 
CRI 
146 CRI 
CRU 
Cri'sis.* [Gr. Kpiatf; from Kpirco, to I 
“distinguish,” to “judge,” to “decide.”] 
Literally, a “judgment,” “decision,” or 
“determination.” In the course of a 
disease, that point or period which de- 
termines its favorable or unfavorable 
termination, or, in common language, its 
“ turning-point.” 
Cris-pa'tus,® Cris'pus.® [From 
cris'po, crispa'tum, to “curl.”] Curled; 
crisp. 
Cris'ta-* A crest. Applied in Anato- 
my to parts or processes of bones re- 
sembling a crest. In Botany it denotes 
a peculiar organ of the Graminese. Ap- 
plied in Surgery to an excrescence about 
the anus and pudenda. 
Crista Gal'll.* (“Cock’s Crest.”) 
The peculiar process on the ethmoid 
bone to which the falx cerebri is at- 
tached. 
Cris'tate. [Crista tus; from cris'ta.] 
Having a crest; crested. 
Crlt'I-cal. [Crit'icus; from cri'sis, 
“decision” or “determination.”] De- 
termining the issue of a disease. Also 
applied to periods of life as decisive of 
certain changes of constitution, habits, 
etc. See Crisis. 
Crit'ical Age. [A'tas Crit'ica.] 
That period of female life when the 
catamenia become irregular, and ulti- 
mately cease. It is often attended with 
serious constitutional disturbance, and 
is sometimes the commencement of fatal 
diseases. See Change of Life. 
Croc-o-dil'I-dse.* [From KposdSeiXo;, 
the “crocodde.”] A family of Saurian 
reptiles, having the crocodile for their 
type. 
Cro'cus.* [Gr. spoKo;, “saffron.”] A 
Linnsean genus of the class Triandria, 
natural order Iridacex or Iridese. The 
Pharmacopceial name || for the prepared 
stigmas of the Crocus sativHS. 
Cro'cus Sa-tl'vus.* The systematic 
name of the saffron-plant; also called 
Crocus officinalis. 
Crop. [Inglu'vies.] An enlarge- 
ment of the cesopharjus in birds; the craw. 
Cross Birth. [ Parody n ia Per- 
rer'sa.] In popular language, preter- 
natural labor of any kind. 
[From spdraXov, a “rat- 
tle.”] The rattlesnake; a genus of poi- 
sonous snakes found in North America. 
Crot'a-phe,* or Cro-ta'phi-iiin.* 
[From sporafoi, the “temple of the head.”] 
A painful pulsation or throbbing in the 
temple, accompanied with drumming in 
the ears. 
Crot'chet. (Fr. Crochet, kro'shi', a 
“hook.”) A curved instrument for ex- 
tracting the foetus. 
Cro'ton,o'nis.* [Gr.Kportor, the “dog- 
tick,” which the seeds of some plants of 
this genus are fancied to resemble.] A 
Linnajan genus of the class Monaecia, 
natural order Euphorbiacese. 
Cro'ton Cascaril'la,* or Cro'ton 
Eleuthe'ria* (or Eleute'ria*). The 
plant believed to afford Cascarilla bark. 
Cro'ton Tig'lium.* The plant from 
the seeds of which croton oil is obtained. 
It is a small tree or shrub, growing 
native in Ilindostan and the East India 
islands. See Oleum Tiglii. 
Cro'ton-ate. [Croto'nas, a'G's.] 
A combination of crotonic acid with a 
base. 
Cro-to'ne.* [Gr. rporau/ij • from spotu>v, 
a “kind of tick.”] Originally, a fungous 
excrescence on trees, caused by an insect 
(/cporcor). Now usually applied to small 
fungous excrescences on the periosteum. 
Cro-ton'ic An acid obtained 
from the acrid matter of croton oil. 
Croton Oil. See Oleum Tiglii. 
Crotoplms. See Crotaphe. 
Croup, kroop. [Cynan'clie Tra- 
chea'lis.] A disease marked by labori- 
ous and suffocative breathing, with a 
stridulous noise, short, dry cough, and 
expectoration of a concrete membranous 
sputum. 
Cru'cial. [Crucia'lis; from crux, 
a “cross.”] Belonging to a cross. 
Cru'cial In-vis ion. Two incisions 
made to cross each other. 
Cru'cl-blo. [Criicih'uluiti; from 
cru'cio, to “torture.”] A vessel made 
of baked earth, or metal, used as a re- 
ceptacle for substances to be fused or 
exposed to a great heat. 
Cru-cif'er-se.* [From crux, cru'cis, 
a “cross,” and fe'ro, to “bear.” See 
next article.] A natural order of Ex- 
ogens : they are said to possess univer- 
sally antiscorbutic and stimulant proper- 
ties, and their seeds abound in a fixed oil. 
Mustard may be taken as a representa- 
tive of this order. 
( rn-cif er-us.' [From crux, cru'cis, 
a “cross,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Cru- 
cif'erous. Literally, “bearing a cross.” 
Applied to plants whose flowers are in 
the form of a cross. See Crucifer,®. 
Cru'cl-fonn. [Crucif'or'mis; from 
crux, cru'cis, a “cross.”] Like a cross. 
Cru'di-tjL [Cru'ditas, a'tis; from 
cru'dus, “raw.”] Bad digestion; raw- 
ness. 
147 CRU 
CRY 
Cru'els. (Ft-. Ecrouelles, .Akroo'e!!', 
“scrofula.”) Popularly, scrofulous swell- 
ings of the glands of the neck. 
Cru'or, o'riV® The red or purplish 
colored portion of the blood. 
Cru'rjy,® gen. Cru'rum, the plural 
of Crus, which see. 
Cru'ra ffr-i'-belli.® (The “Legs 
or Limbs of the Cerebellum.”) Two 
white cords, extending one along the 
circumference of each hemisphere of the 
cerebellum. 
Cru'ra (The “Legs or 
Limbs of the Cerebrum.”) Two thick 
white fasciculi, one from the inferior 
surface of each hemisphere of the cere- 
brum. 
Cru'ra Oi-a-plirag-'uia-tis. (“Legs 
of the Diaphragm.”) Two appendices 
situated behind and below the central 
tendon of the diaphragm. 
Cru-rse'us.* [From crus', cru’ris. a 
“leg.”] Belonging to the leg. The 
name of a muscle of the leg. 
Cru'ral. [Crura'lis; from crus, 
cru’ris, a “leg.”] Belonging to the 
leg; applied also to the cruraeus muscle. 
Cru'ral Arch. Otherwise called 
Fallopius’ or Poupart’s ligament. See 
Poupart’s Ligament. 
Crural Hernia. See Hernia Cru- 
bai.is. 
Crus,® gen. Cru'ris, plural Cru'ra. 
[From Kpov.i), to “kick.”] (Fr. Jambe, 
zhoub, and Cuisse, kw&ss.) The leg. Ap- 
plied to symmetrical projections or ap- 
pendages, as the Crus of either hemi- 
sphere; in other words, the Crura of the 
cerebrum. 
Criis'ta.® (Literally, a “crust.”) The 
external cover or shell in the Mollusca, 
Crustacea, and in certain insects. Also, 
a scab. 
Crustacea, krus-ta'she-a, or Crusta- 
ceans, krus-ta'shunz. See next article. 
Crustaceus,* krus-ta'she-us. [From 
crns’ta, a “crust.”] Crusta'ccous. Having 
a hard shell. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Crnsta'cea) to a class of Articulata in 
which the envelop, or crust, is usually 
solid and more or less calcareous. 
Cry-oj>h'o-rus.® [From upm;, “cold,” 
and fp-o, to “bear,” to “produce.”] Lite- 
rally, “cold-producing.” An instrument 
in which water is made to freeze by the 
cold produced by its own evaporation. 
Cryp'ta,® plural Cryp'tse. [From 
Kpvirro), to “hide.”] Small round points 
at the end of the minute arteries of the 
cortical substance of the kidneys: also, 
a follicle, or follicular gland. 
[From /rp-'ir- 
t6;, “concealed,” “obscure,” and xe<pa\rj, 
a “head.”] A monster-foetus, in which 
the head is very small and docs not 
project from the trunk. 
Cryp-to-saml-a.'- [See next article.] 
The twenty-fourth class of plants in the 
system of Linnaeus. It comprises all 
flowerless plants. (See Cryptogamius.) 
All other plants are included under a 
second grand division, called Pliancro- 
gainia. 
Cryp-to-Ka'mt-us." [From Kpmrd;, 
“hidden,” or “obscure” (from Kpvwno, 
to “hide”), and y<ipo;, “nuptials.”] 
Literally, denoting plants “whose mar- 
riage is obscure or doubtful.” Applied 
by Linnaeus to a class whose parts of 
fructification have not been sufficiently 
ascertained to refer them to any class 
according to the sexual system. 
(rvp-tor'eliis.31 [From Kpvmiig, 
“concealed,” and fipxi;, a “testicle.”] 
One whose testicles have not descended 
into the scrotum. 
Cry p'tons. [Cryp'tus; from Kpmro), 
to “hide.”] Hidden, or concealed. 
Crys tal. [Lat. Crystal'Ium, or 
Crystal'lns: (Jr. KpvoraWo;, “ice;” pro- 
perly, “clear ice.”] A hard, bright, 
transparent substance, like ice or the 
clearest glass. The geometrical figures 
assumed by crystallizable bodies when 
they pass from a fluid to a solid state. 
Crys'tal-lin, or Crys'tal-li no. 
[Crystalli'na; from crystal'turn, “crys- 
tal.”] A peculiar substance forming the 
basis of the crystalline lens of the eye. 
Also, one of the products of the distil- 
lation of indigo. 
Crys'tal-IIne. [Crystalli'nus; from 
the same.] Belonging to crystal; like 
crystal. 
Crys talline Lens. A transparent, 
double convex lens situated in the fore 
part of the vitreous humor of the eye. 
It was formerly often called the crystal- 
line humor of the eye. 
Crys-J ;il-li-zatioii. [Crystalli- 
za'tio, o'nis; from crystal'him. “crys- 
tal.”] A property by which crystalliza- 
ble substances pass from a fluid to a 
solid state, assuming certain determinate 
geometrical figures. 
Crystallixa'tion. lVa'ter of. That 
portion of water which combines with 
salts in the act of crystallizing, and 
which cannot be remove 1 without de- 
stroying their crystalline structure. 
Crys-tal-log-'ra-piiy. [Crystal- 
logrn'pliia; from crystal'lum, a “crv»- 
148 CRY 
CUM 
tal,” and ypndo), to “ write.”] A descrip- 
tion of crystals. 
Crys'tal-loul. [Crystalloi'des; 
from crystal'him, a “crystal,” and £i<iof, 
a “form.”] Resembling crystal. 
Ctenoid, te'noid. [Ctenoi'des; from 
icrbs, KTcrog, a “ comb,” and epos, a “ form.”] 
Resembling a comb. Applied to an order 
of fishes with dentated scales. 
C’u (Fr.), kii. See Alula. 
Cube. [Lat. Cu'bus; Gr. kvSos.] A 
solid bounded by six equal squares at 
right angles with each other. 
Cu-be'ba.* [From the Arabic Cuba'- 
bah.\ Cubeb, or Cubebs. The Pharma- 
copoeial name for the berries of the Piper 
cubeba. 
Cu-be'bse* (“ Cubebs”), the plural of 
Cubeba, which see. 
Cu-be'bin. [Cubebi'na; from Cu- 
be'ba.\ A crystalline substance obtained 
from cubebs. 
Cu'bebs. In the plural, the English 
term for the berries of the Piper cubeba. 
See Cubeba. 
Cu-bi-fbr'inis.* [From cu'bus.'] 
Having the form of a cube: cu'biform. 
Cu-bl-tse'BS.* Pertaining to the 
Cubit, or fore-arm. 
Cn'bi-tal. [Cubita'lis; from cu'- 
bitus.] Belonging to the fore-arm. 
Cu'bl-tus.* [From cu'bo, to “lie 
down.”] (Fr. Coude, kood.) The fore- 
arm, extending between the elbow and 
wrist; also, the ulna, or Os cubiti. 
Cu boid. [Cuboi'des; from kvSos, a 
“cube,” and cl&os, a “form.”] Like a 
cube. 
Cuc koo-Flow er. The Cardamiae 
prateusis. 
Cu-cul-la'ris.® [From cucul'lus, a 
“hood.”] Like a hood. 
Cn'cul-late. [Cuctilla'tus; from 
cucul'lus, a “hood.”] Hooded. 
Cu'cuin-ber. The fruit of different 
species of Cucumis. 
Cu'cumber, Bit'ter. The fruit of 
the Citrullus colocynthis. See Colo- 
CYNTHIS. 
Cu'cumber, Squirt ing, Cu'einn- 
ber, Wild. The Momo-rdica elaterium. 
Cu'cu-mer,* Cn'cu-mis.* A Lin- 
nnean genus of the class Moncecia, natu- 
ral order Cucurbitaccte. 
Fn’ciimis A-gm’tis,* fn'ctimis 
As-I-ni'nus.* The Moniordica elate- 
rium. 
Cu'cumis Col-o-tyn'tliis.* The 
former name of the plant which yields 
colocynth: now called Citrullus colo- 
tynthis. 
Cucurb. cruent. = CucurbitulA 
Cruenta, which see. 
Cu-cur'bl-ta.* [From cur'ro, to 
“curve,” or “bend.”] Literally,a “gourd.” 
A distilling vessel shaped like a gourd : 
a cu'curbit. Also, a cupping-glass. See 
CUCURBITULA. 
t’ucurbitacese,* ku-kur-be-ta'she-e. 
[From cucur'bita, a “gourd.”] A natu- 
ral order, comprising the melon, cucum- 
ber, gourd, and other valuable plants. 
They are most abundant in hot and 
tropical climates. The fruits of many 
species of cucumis are powerfully ca- 
thartic. The colocynth is one of the 
most valuable medicines derived from 
this order. 
Cn-cur-bl-ta’eeous. [Cueurbita'- 
ceus; from cucur'bita, a “gourd.”] 
Having an arrangement as in the Cucur- 
bita. See Cucurbitacea?. 
Cu-cur-bit'u-la.* [Diminutive of 
cucur'bita, a “gourd.”] A cupping- 
glass. (Fr. Ventouse, voNH'tooz'.) 
Cueurbit'uIaCru-en'iu* (a “Bloody 
Cupping-Glass,” or one intended to 
draw blood), Cucnrbit'ula cum Fer'- 
ro* (“ Cupping-Glass [armed] with 
Iron”). A cupping-glass, with scarifica- 
tion. Names applied to the common 
cupping-glasses used for drawing blood, 
as distinguished from those employed 
in dry cupping. 
Cucnrbit’ula Sie’ca.* (A “Dry 
Cupping-Glass.”) One used for dry 
cupping without scarification. 
Cnisse (Fr.), kw6ss. See Femur. 
Cuivre (Fr.), • See Cuprum. 
Cuj. = Cu'jus* “Of which.” 
Cujusl. = Cujus'libet.* “Of any,”or 
“of which you please.” 
Cul-dc-Sac (Fr.), kiil deh s&k. A tube 
or cavity closed at one end. 
Cfilm. [Cnl'mns; from xaXayo;, a 
“reed.”] A reed, or straw; the proper 
stem or trunk of grasses, rushes, etc. 
Cftl-mif’er-ons. [Culmif'crus; 
from cul'mns, “straw,” a “culm,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or having 
culms. 
Cnl'ml-nat-ingi. [Ciil'minan*; 
from cul'mino, to “arrive at the top, or 
highest point.”] Applied particularly to 
stars when at their highest point in the 
heavens. 
Cul-tri-formis.* [From cul'ter, a 
“knife.”] Formed like a knife: cul'- 
triform. 
Cu-nii'nuin.* [Gr. kv/uvoi».] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Pentaudria, na- 
tural order Umbelliferte. 
149 Cuini'niiin £y-ini'num.* The 
plant Cumin, or Fcenic'ulum Orienta'le. 
Cu'ne-al. [Cunea'IiH: from cu'neus, 
a “wedge.”] Belonging to a wedge. 
Cu'uc-ate. [Cunea'tus; from cu'- 
neus, a “wedge.”] Wedge-shaped. 
Cu'ne-I-form. [Cuneifor'mis; 
from the same, and for'ma, “likeness.”] 
Formed like a wedge. 
Cunouiacea;,* ku-no-ne-a'she-e. 
[From Cuno'nia, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, found in India, South America, etc. 
Cu'pel. [From cupel'la, a “cup.”] A 
small vessel in which gold and silver are 
refined by melting them with lead. 
Cu-pel-la'tion. [Cupella'tio,o'nis; 
from the same.] The process of refining 
gold and silver by melting them in a 
cupel with lead. 
Cu'ptt-la. The dome-like extremity 
of the canal of the cochlea. See Cochlea. 
Cup'ped. Applied to the hollowed 
surface of the Crassamentum of blood 
caused by inflammation. 
Fup'ping. Application of Cucur- 
bitulx, or cupping-glasses. 
Cupping (ilass. See Cuccrbitula. 
Cu-prif'cp-oum. [Cuprif 'erus; 
from cu’prnni, “copper,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or containing copper. 
Cu'prum,® gen. Cu'pri. [From 
Kvjpog, the island of Cyprus, where the 
ancients procured the best copper.] 
(Fr. Cnivre, kwivR.) Copper, a red metal, 
malleable and ductile. Specific gravity 8.6. 
Cu'pri Ace'tas.* Acetate of copper, 
improperly called distilled or crystal- 
lized verdigris. 
Cu'pri Sub ace'tas.'* (“Subacetato 
of Copper.”) Verdigris. The terugo of 
the London Pharmacopoeia. It is some- 
times used as an application to malig- 
nant ulcers, and as an escharotic for 
venereal warts. 
Cu'pri Sul'phas.® The Pharmaco- 
poeial name || of sulphate of copper, or 
blue vitriol. Its use in small doses has 
been recommended in diarrhoea; but it 
is chiefly employed as an external ap- 
plication for ill-conditioned ulcers, and 
as a styptic for bleeding surfaces. 
Cu'pu-la.* (Literally, a “cup.”) Ap- 
plied in Botany to the cup or husk of 
certain plants,—e.g. the cup of an acorn, 
or husk of the hazel-nut. Also called a 
cu'pule. 
t'u-pu-1 jfVr-;iv! [Sea next article.] 
A natural order of arborescent or shrubby 
Exogons, producing fruit enclosed in a 
cup or husk. It comprises the oak, 
CUM 
beech, chestnut, hazel, etc. They abound 
in all, or nearly all, temperate climates. 
An astringent principle pervades all the 
order. This order is called Corylacex 
by Lindley. 
Cu-pii-lif'er-us.* [From cu'pula, 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing cupulee: 
cupulif'erous. 
Clu-ra're Pol'son. A most deadly 
poison, obtained, it is said, from a plant 
belonging to the family Strychniat. The 
South American Indians use it to poison 
their arrows. 
Cu ratio,* ku-ra'she-o. [From cu'ro, 
cura'tum, to “take care” of, to “cure.”] 
The treatment of a disease, or wound. 
Cur-eu'ma.s A Linn a: an genus of 
the class Monandria, natural order Zin- 
giberaceee. The root is a stimulant aro- 
matic, somewhat resembling ginger. It 
is much used in India as a condiment, 
and is one of the ingredients in curry. 
Also the Pharmacopoeial name for the 
rhizoma of the Curcu'ma lon'ga. 
Cur-cuina Lon'g^.5 The turmeric- 
plant. 
Curcu'ma Pa'pcr. Paper stained 
with a decoction of Turmeric, which see. 
Cur-cu'min. [From Curcu'ma lon'ga, 
the “turmeric-plant.”] The coloring 
matter of turmeric obtained in a state of 
purity by separating it from its combi- 
nation with oxide of lead. 
Curd. The coagulum which sepa- 
rates from milk upon the addition of 
acid, rennet, or wine. 
Cur'sor,® plural Cur-so'rcA. [From 
cur'ro, cur'sum, to “run.”] Applied to a 
family of birds which run along the 
ground. 
Cur-so'ri-us.* [From the same.] 
Applied in the plural neuter (Curso'ria) 
to a family of orthopterous insects with 
legs solely adapted for running. 
Cuscutacese,* kus-ku-ta'slie-e. A 
natural order of exogenous parasitical 
plants, consisting of one genus, Cuscu'ta. 
It includes the common Dodder. 
Cus-pa'rl-a.* A Linntean genus of 
the class Pentandria, natural order Dios- 
mere. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
(Brit. Ph.) of the bark of Galipea cus- 
paria, or G. officinalis. See Galipea. 
Cuspa'ria Fo-brif'u-ga.* The tree 
supposed by some to yield Angustura 
bark, now called Bonplandia trifoliata ; 
some refer it to the Galipea ensparia, or 
G. officinalis. 
Cus-pl-da'tus.® [From cus’pis, cus'- 
pidis, a “point.”] Cus'pidate. Having 
a pointed extremity. Applied in the 
cus 
150 CUT 
CYC 
plural masculine (Cuspida'ti) to certain 
teeth (see Dentes Cuspidati). 
Cn-ta'ne-ons. [Cuta'neus; from 
cu'tis, the “ skin.”] Belonging to the skin. 
Cuta'neous Afo-sorp'tion. A func- 
tion of the skin by which certain prepa- 
rations rubbed into the skin have the 
same action as when given internally, 
only in a less degree. Thus, mercury, 
applied in this manner, cures syphilis 
and excites salivation, tartrate of anti- 
mony is said to occasion vomiting, and 
arsenic produces poisonous effects. 
€u-ta'ne-usMus'cn-lus.* The Pla- 
tysma-myodes, a muscle of the neck hav- 
ing the appearance of a very thin fleshy 
membrane. 
C’u'tl-cle. [Cutic'ula; diminutive 
of cu'tis, the “skin.”] The Epidermis, 
or scarf-skin. 
Cu'tis.*" [From okvt'u; or okvtos, a 
“skin” or “hide.”] The skin consisting 
of the Cutis vera, Rete mucosum, and Cli- 
tic ula. 
Cu'tis An-ser-i'na.*" (“Goose-skin.”) 
That ci n lition of the skin, produced by 
cold and other causes, in which the 
papilla: become rigid and erect, resem- 
bling the skin of a plucked goose. 
£y'a-uate. [Cy'auas, a’tis.] A com- 
bination of cyanic acid with a base. 
£y-an'ic. [Cyan'icus.] Applied 
to an acid composed of cyanogen and 
oxygen. 
[From svavoq, “blue,” 
and ycwiiio, to “generate.”] A peculiar 
principle composed of nitrogen and car- 
bon, obtained by decomposing the eyanu- 
ret of mercury by heat. It is sometimes 
called Prussia, or Prussine. 
£y'a-no-pa-thi'a.* [From Kvavos, 
“blue,” and na%s, “affection,” “dis- 
ease.”] “Blue disease;” another term 
for Cyanosis. 
£y-a-no'sis.* [From xvarog, “blue.”] 
(Fr. Cyanose, sGEnbP.) A blue color 
of the skin, resulting from congenital 
malformation of the heart, by which 
venous and arterial blood are mixed so 
as to be not wholly oxygenated: the 
Morbus cceruleus. 
£y-an'u-ret. [Cyasiure'tum; from 
cyanoge'nium.] A combination of cyan- 
ogen with a base. 
£y-a-nn'ric. [Cyanu'ricus.] Be- 
longing to cyanogen and urine ; applied 
to an acid. 
JJy-an'u-jrin. [Cyannri'na; from 
uvavoj, “blue,” and ovpoj, the “urine.”] 
A very rare substance deposited as a 
blue powder by the urine. 
£y-ath-I-for'mis.* [From cy'athus, 
a “ cup.”] Shaped like a cup: cy'athi- 
form. 
'a-thus.® [From kvaOog, a “ drink" 
ing-cup.”] In prescriptions, it signi- 
fies a wine-glass. 
Cycadacese,* sik-a-da'she-e, or Cy- 
ea'(!ea‘.': [From Cy'cas, Cyc' adds, one 
of the genera.] A small natural order 
of exogenous trees and shrubs, found in 
the tropics. Several plants of this order 
furnish starch and sago which are used 
for food. The Cycads were formerly 
classed with the Palms. 
Cy'cas Cir-cl-na'lfs.® An East In- 
dian palm-tree, the central portion of 
which yields a kind of sago. 
£y'cle. [Cy'clus; from kwXoj, a 
“circle.”] Applied to a revolution of 
the sun of twenty-eight years, and of 
the moon of nineteen years. A continual 
revolution of numbers which go on 
without interruption to the last, and then 
return to the first. 
£yc'll-cus.*" [From kvk\os, a “circle.”] 
Belonging to a cycle or circle: cyc'lic. 
Applied in the plural neuter (Cyc'lica) 
to a family of coleopterous insects in 
which the body is generally orbicular or 
oval. 
Cye-Io-brancli-i-n'tiis,* Cyc-lo- 
braneh'i-us.* [From cy'clus, and 
branchia'tus, “having branchite.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Cyclobranchi- 
a’ta) to an order of Mollnsca Gasteropoda, 
in which the branchise form a circle: cyc- 
lobranch'iate, cyclobranch'ious. 
£yc-lo-$yau-gli-a'ta.*" [From kvkXo;, 
a “circle,” and ganglia'tus, “furnished 
with ganglia,” or “having ganglia.”] A 
term applied by some naturalists to the 
fourth sub-kingdom of animals, or Mol- 
lusca, comprising animals mostly aquatic, 
slow-moving or fixed, without internal 
skeleton, covered with a permanent cal- 
careous or cartilaginous shell, and dis- 
tinguished by the high development of 
the cerebral ganglia and their circular 
distribution around the oesophagus. The 
classes are the Tunicata, Conchifera, 
Gasteropoda, Pteropoda, and Cephalo- 
poda. See Moeltjsca. 
£y'cloid. [Cycloi'des; from kvk\us, 
a “circle,” and cldo;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a circle. 
£yc-lo-neu'ra.*" [From kvk\oj, a “cir- 
cle,” and vevpov, a “ nerve.”] A term 
applied by some writers to the first sub- 
kingdom of animals, or Radiata, on ac- 
count of the circular form of the nervous 
axis in this division. 
151 CYC 
CYIl 
[From the same.] 
Having a circular nervous arrangement. 
Sec preceding article. 
t'jc-los'to-mus.* [From kvk\o;, and 
eropa, a “mouth.”] (“Round-mouthed.”) 
Applied in the plural masculine (Cyclos 
tomi) to a family of fishes. Also named 
Suctorii. 
5y-d»'nl-a.® [From Oy'don, in Crete, 
where it is said to be native.] A Lin- 
mean genus of the class Icosandria, 
natural order Rosacese. 
V.vdo'uiu Vul-gfa'ris.® The Pyrus 
Cydonia, or quince-tree. 
<;y-do'iu-5ini.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name for quince-seeds, which are some- 
times used in medicine for their muci- 
lage. 
«jydo'niuni yia'Inm.* (“Cydonian 
Apple.”) The quince: the fruit of the 
Pyrus Cydonia. 
Cy-1 i ii'd rl-cal. [Cyli n 'dricus.] 
Shaped like a cylinder. 
Cy-lin-dri-for'mis.* [From cylin'- 
drus, a “cylinder.”] Shaped like a cyl- 
inder. 
Cyl'in-droid. [Cylindroi'des; 
from cylin'drus, a “cylinder,” and cldog, 
a “form.”] Resembling a cylinder. 
Cym'bi-forni. [Cynibifor'inis; 
from cym'ba, a “boat.”] Shaped like a 
boat. See Navicularis, Scaphoid. 
or <,'y'ma.':s [Gr. Kiipa, a 
“stem of colewort.”] A kind of inflo- 
rescence, like that of the elder, resem- 
bling a corymb, and consisting of several 
flower-stalks springing from one centre, 
each irregularly subdivided. 
<;y-iiii'iinm.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Lond. Ph.) for the fruit of Cumi- 
num. cyminnm. 
[From kvmv, a “dog,” 
and dyy&j, to “strangle.”] (Fr. Angine, 
oNG'/.hin'.) Inflammation of the throat; 
sore throat. A genus of the order Phleg- 
masise, class Pyrexiee, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy- 
Cynanehe Larj'ngea. See Croup. 
(ynan'che Ma-lijSf'na.* Putrid 
sore throat, often an attendant on scar- 
latina. 
£ynan'elie Par-o-tid'e-ij.* The 
same as Parotitis. 
Cynanche Pharyngea. See Pha- 
ryngitis. 
Sirep-I-to'rl-a,* Cy- 
nnn'ehe St rid'n-la,® Cynan'clie 
Snf-fo-ea-ti'va.® Names for Croup. 
Ton-sil-la'ris.* Tan- 
silli'tis phlegmono'dcs, or quinsy. 
I’ynan'che Trach-c-a'lis.* The 
croup; otherwise called Cynanehe laryn- 
yea. See Croitp. 
Cynanehe Ulcerosa. See Tonsil- 
litis Maligna. 
£jfn-an-thro'pI-a.* [From kvmv, a 
“dog,” and ardpomog, a “man.”] A kind 
of Melancholia, in which the patient 
fancies himself changed into a dog, and 
imitates its bark and actions. 
£yn'a-ra Seol'y-nuis.* The botani- 
cal name of the garden artichoke, a 
thistle-like plant growing in the south 
of Europe and cultivated for the fleshy 
sweet receptacle of its flowers. It belongs 
to the Linnaean class Syngenesia, natural 
order Composite. The juice of the leaves 
mixed with wine is sometimes given in 
dropsies. (For fuller information see 
Brandk’s “ Dictionary of Science.”) 
[From Like a 
dog: cyn'ic. See Canine. 
(y'nips Qucr-ct-fo H-i.* A hymen- 
opterous insect found in the gall of the 
oak. The gall itself is called Cyni'phis 
ni'dvt, or the “nest of the cynips.” 
<,'yn-o-lis [From kvim, a “ dog,” 
and Aticrtra, “madness.”] Canine mad- 
ness. See Hydrophobia. 
t'yn-o-rex I-a.* [From kvmv, a “dog,” 
and optlif, “appetite.”] Canine appetite. 
Cyperacew,* sip-er-a'she-e, t yp er- 
O-i'de-se.* [From Cype'rus, one of the 
genera.] Sedges. A natural order of 
endogenous grass-like plants, found in 
marshes, ditches, meadows, heaths, etc., 
from the Arctic to the Antarctic Circle. 
Some species of it are used as food. 
The Egyptian Papyrus belongs to this 
order. 
Cyperoi'deav* The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Cyp- 
ERACEA3. 
Cy-pri-pe'di-tini .* [From Kimpis, a 
name of Venus, and xehor, a “slipper.”] 
“Venus’s Slipper.” The Pharmaco- 
poeia! name (U.S. Ph.) of the root of 
the Cypripe’diiim pubes’cens. 
Cyprus l*owder. See Abelmos- 
CHUS. 
Cy'prus Tur'pen-tine. A limpid, 
fragrant substance obtained from the 
Pistacia terebititkinus. 
Cyrillacete,*' sir-il-la'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of evergreen shrubs, natives of 
North America,, including the Cyrilla 
and two other genera. 
pyr-to'sis.* [From Kvpr6$, “curved.”] 
A term denoting among the ancients a 
recurvation of the spine, or posterior 
crookedness. It has more recently been 
termed Cyrton’osus or modbus incur'vus. 
152 CYS 
CYT 
[From mans, the 
“bladder,” and uAyoj, “pain.”] Painful 
spasmodic affection of the bladder. 
C'ystectasy. See Lithectasy. 
£ys'tie. [Cys'ticus; from mans, 
the “bladder.”] Belonging to the uri- 
nary or gall bladder. 
£y*'tic Duct. [Duc'tus Cys'ticus.] 
The duet which proceeds from the gall- 
bladder and, uniting with the hepatic 
duct, forms the ductus communis choledo- 
ch it. 
Cystic Oxide. See Cystin. 
Cys- tl-f e r'c us.* [From mans, a 
“bladder,” and sspso;, a “tail.”] The 
tailed bladder-worm. Applied to a 
genus of Entozoa Parenchymata, other- 
wise termed Hydatids. 
£ys-ti-fel-Ie-ot'o-my. [Cystifelle- 
oto'mia; from /marts, a “bladder,” fel, 
the “gall,” and rcpvto, to “cut.”] Opera- 
tion by which a gall-stone is extracted 
from the gall-bladder. 
[Cystl'na; from /marts, the 
“blad ler.”] A peculiar substance, very 
rare, in a urinary calculus; also termed 
Cystic Oxide. 
Cys-tir-rha'gT-a.* [From marts, the 
“bladder,” and phyropt, to “burst forth.”] 
A discharge from the bladder, whether 
of b!ood or mucus. 
£ys-tir-rboe'a.* [From /marts, the 
“bladder,” and psco, to “flow.”] A mu- 
c jus discharge from the bladder; vesical 
catarrh. See Cystorrhiea. 
fjjfs'tis.* [Gr. /mans, the “bladder.”] 
A bladder, or sac; specially, the Vesica 
urinaria. The membranous bag in which 
any morbid substance is contained: a 
cyst. 
C’ys-ti'tis, idis.* [From /mans, the 
“bladder.”] Inflammation of the blad- 
der. A genus of the order Phleymasix, 
olass Pyrexix, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Cys'tl-tome. [Cystit'omus; from 
kvans, a “ bladder,” or “ sac,” and rip/vu, 
to “cut.”] An instrument for opening 
the capsule or sac of the crystalline lens. 
[From /ma- 
ns, the “bladder,” (ia/Si/v, the “groin,” 
and /tr\\*i, a “ tumor.”] A rare kind of 
Hernia, in which the urinary bladder 
protrudes through the inguinal opening. 
[From mans, the 
“bladder,” and Kri\n, a “tumor.”] Her- 
nia in which the urinary bladder is pro- 
truded; Hernia vesicalis. 
[From /mans, the 
"bladder,” and d&vvri, “pain.”] Pain in 
the bladder. 
'toid. [Cystoi'des; from mans, 
the “bladder,” and cltio;, a “form.”] Re' 
sembling a cyst or bladder. 
iJs-to-lbUii’a-sls.* [From marts, 
the “bladder,” and Aifloj, a “stone.”] 
Urinary calculous disease. 
i'ys-tol'1-tlius.* [From the same.] 
A urinary calculus : a eys'tolith. 
Vys-to-plastic. [i'ystoplas'ticus.] 
Belonging to cystoplasty. 
£ys'to-plas-ty. [1'ystopla.s'tia; 
from mans, the “bladder,” and n\aaaut, 
to “fabricate.”] Operation for vesico- 
vaginal fistula, consisting in uniting 
a flap taken from the external labium, 
by suture, to the newly-pared edges of 
the sore. 
PJs-to-ple gi-a,* Cys-to-plex'I-a.® 
[From mans, the “bladder,” and aXhaatn, 
to “strike.”] Paralysis of the bladder. 
[From mans, the 
“bladder,” and marto, to “fall.”] Re- 
laxation of the internal coat of the 
bladder, which protrudes into the ure- 
thra. 
The same as Cys- 
TIRRHCEA. 
fys-to-spas'tlc. [Cystospas'ti- 
cus; from mans, the “bladder,” and 
<nruo), to “draw.”] Belonging to spasm 
of the bladder. 
£ys'to-tome. [Cystot'omus; from 
marts, the “ bladder,” and repvw, to “ cut.”] 
A knife or instrument employed in Cys- 
totomy. 
£ys-tot'o-my. [Cystoto'mia; from 
mans, the “ bladder,” and rcpetu, to “cut.”] 
Operation of cutting into the bladder. 
See Lithotomy. 
Cytinaeete,* sit-e-na'she-e. [From 
Cyt'inus, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of parasitical plants (Rhizogens), 
found in Southern Europe and at the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
iyft'I-sin. [Cytisi'na.] A bitter 
principle found in the seeds of the Cytisus 
laburnum. 
£yt'I-sus.* [Gr. r6ncos.] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Diadelphia, 
natural order Papilionacex. 
Sco-pa'rl-us.* One of the 
names of the broom-plant. 
[Cytoblas'ta; from 
xvros, a “cavity,” and SXaantvw, to “bud” 
or “burst forth,” to “produce.”] The 
nucleus of cellular or elementary cor- 
puscles in all vegetable and animal tis- 
sues; the Areola, or cell-nucleus. Also, 
the nucleus of those cells, growing within 
cells by a generative power of their own, 
which constitute the parenchyma or sub- 
stance of morbid growths. 
153 CYT 
DAR 
a'tis* The fluid 
or mother liquid in which the cells con- 
taining the nucleus, or cytoblast, origi- 
nate. 
£yt-o-&en'e-sis.* [From irCrof, a 
“cavity,” or “cell,” and yivopai, to “be 
produced.”] The generation of cavities 
or cells; cell-development. 
D. 
D. = Vo'sis.* A “dose.” 
Dac'ry-o-. [From Saspoov, a “tear.”] 
A prefix denoting connection with the 
lachrymal apparatus. 
Daery-o-adcn-i'tis, idis.* [From 
dac'ryo, and adeni'tis, “ inflammation of 
a gland.”] Inflammation of the lachry- 
mal gland. 
Dac'rjf-o-?yst. [Dacryocys'tis; 
from Saspuor, a “tear,” and cys'tis, a 
“bag” or “sac.”] The lachrymal sac. 
idis.* [From 
the same.] Inflammation of the lachry- 
mal sac. 
Dac-ry-o-^.ys-to-bU'ii-nor-rhoe'a.s 
[From SaKpmr, a “tear,” and bltnnorrhoe’a, 
a “flow of mucus.”] A discharge of mu- 
cus from the lachrymal sac. 
Dac-ry-o-luein-or-rI»«e'a.* [From 
iaicpvM, a “tear,” and hsemorrhoe'a, a 
“ flow of blood.”] Sanguineous lachryma- 
tion, or a flow of tears mingled with blood. 
Dac'rjr-o-IIte. [Dacryoli'tes; from 
dacryo-, and Xi'fto,-, a “ stone.”] A calcu- 
lous concretion in the lachrymal passage. 
Dac-ry-o'ina, atis.-* [From iaspino, 
to “weep.”] An obstruction in one or 
both of the puncta lachrymalia, causing 
an overflow of tears. 
Dac-tjf-lif-er-us.* Bearing dates. 
Sec next article. 
Dac'ty-lus.® [From <5j*ruXoy, a “fin- 
ger;” a “date,” from its resemblance to 
a small finger.] The same as Digitus. 
Also, the date, or fruit of Phoenix dacty- 
lifera. 
Dae'ino-no-ma'nf-a.* [From 6aipo>v, 
the “devil,” and pavta, “madness.”] A 
variety of Melancholia in which the pa- 
tient fancies himself possessed by devils. 
Daguerreotype,da-glsr'ro-tip. [From 
M. Vaguerre, d;Vgairt', the discoverer, 
and ty'pus, a “likeness,” or “figure” of 
any thing.] The system or process of 
producing pictures by the action of light 
on certain prepared metallic plates, in- 
troduced into France by M. Daguerre. 
See Photography. 
Dah'llne. A vegetable principle dis- 
covered in the dahlia, similar to starch. 
Dalby’s (dawl'bez) Car-min'a-tlve. 
A popular empirical carminative for 
children, composed of the carbonate of 
magnesia, with a small quantity of the 
tincture of assafoetida, tincture of opium, 
oil of peppermint, aniseed, and other 
aromatic oils. 
Dal'ton-i&m. [Daltonis'iniim.] In- 
ability to distinguish colors, which Dal- 
ton, the celebrated chemist, labored 
under. 
Dam'ask-Rose. The Rosa centifolia. 
Damp. (Ger. Vamp/, “vapor.”) A 
term applied to noxious gases found in 
mines. See Choke-Damp and Fire- 
Damp. 
Dam son. [A corruption of Vamas- 
ce'num, “belonging to Damascus.”] The 
fruit of a variety of the Prunus domestica. 
Dan-tlc-lion. (Fr. Vent-de-lion, 
ddN“'deh'16'6N“', like leontodon, signify- 
ing “ Lion’s-Tooth.”) The Leon'todon 
tarax'acum. See Taraxacum. 
Dan'driff. [Fur'fur, uri's.] The 
disease Pityriasis capitis. 
Danse de Saint Day, doxs deh 
san® gX. The French name for Chorea. 
Daph'ne.* [Gr. Aaipvri.] A Linnman 
genus of the class Octandria, natural 
order Thymelacese. 
Daph ne Al-pi'na.* A dwarf spe- 
cies of Vaphne, from which has been ob- 
tained an acrid alkaline principle called 
Dapiinix, which see. 
Daph'ne Gnid'itim* (nid'e-um). 
The bark of this tree is employed in 
France as a vesicatory under the name 
of Vaphne Garou (dif'ni' g&'roo'). 
Daphne Mezereon. See next ar- 
ticle. 
Dapli'ne Jle-ze're-um (or Me-ze- 
re'um).* Spurge-olive. The plant 
which affords mezereon bark. Sec Me- 
zereox. 
Daph'nin, or Daph'nine. [Daph- 
nt'na.] An acrid, volatile, alkaline 
principle, obtained from the bark of the 
Vaph'ne Alpi'na. It is this principle 
(as is supposed) to which the different 
species of Vaphne owe their vesicating 
power. 
Dar'tos.* [Gr. iaprog, “skinned,” or, 
perhaps, “made like skin,” “resembling 
skin;” from Scpas, a “skin.”] The 
154 DAR 
De-bil'I-t#. [Debil'itas; from 
deb'ills, “weak.”] (Er. Faiblesse, f&'- 
bless'.) Weakness, or feebleness; decay 
of strength either of mind or body. 
Deb. Spiss. -= Deb'ita Spissitu'do,* 
“a due thickness or consistency,” or 
Deb'itee Spissitu'dinia, “of a due consis- 
tency.” 
Dec. = Decan' ta.* “Pour off.” 
Dec'a-gon. [Decago'iiuni; from 
icxa, “ ten,” and yom'a, an “ angle.”] A 
figure having ten equal angles and sides. 
Dec-ag'o-nal. [Decago'nus.] Be- 
longing to a decagou; having the form 
of a decagon. 
Decagramme, dek'a-gram. [Deca- 
gram'ma, a tin ; from lisa, “ten,” and 
(Fr.) gramme.] Ten grammes, equal to 
154.34 grains Troy. 
Decagynia. See Decagynius. 
Dec-a-gyn'I-us.* [From iexa, “ten,” 
and yui/tj, a “ woman” or “female.”] Hav- 
ing ten pistils. Applied to a Linnajan 
order comprising plants with ten pistils. 
Decalitre, dek'3,-16tr'. [From 6bca, 
“ten,” and (Fr.) litre.] Ten litres, equal 
to 610.28 English cubic inches. 
Decametre, dek'a-me't’r (French 
pronunciation, d&'k&'metr'). [From Sesa, 
“ten,” and (Fr.) mitre.] Ten metres,equal 
to 393.71 English inches, or about thirty- 
two and three-quarters English feet. 
De-ean'drl-a.* [From 6Ua, “ten,” 
and arrjp, “man” or “male.”] A class 
of plants in the Linnaean system, char- 
acterized by having ten stamens. 
De-can 'dri-ouH. [ Decan 'd r ins.] 
Having ten stamens. See Decandria. 
De-can-ta'tion. [Decanta'tio.] 
The pouring off of clear fluid from sedi- 
ments. 
Dec-a-phyi'louH. [Decaphyl'lus; 
from dt/ca, “ten,” and </>v\Xor, a “leaf.”] 
Having ten leaves. 
Decapitation. See Decollation. 
De-cap'o-da,* or Dec'a-pods. 
[From iUa, “ten,” and nov;, noduj, a 
“foot.”] A name given by Cuvier to 
an order of Crustaceans having ten 
thoracic feet. Also applied to a tribe 
of Cephalopods having ten locomotive 
and prehensile appendages proceeding 
from the head, two of which, called ten- 
tac’es, are always logger than the rest. 
Dc-cap'o-dons. [ Decap’od ns; 
from itsa, “ten,” and nov;, noXog, a “foot,”] 
Literally, “having ten feet.” See De- 
capoda. 
De-cem'fl-dus.* [From de'cem, 
“ten,” and Jin'do, to “cleave.”] Cleft 
into ten parts : decem'fidous. 
DEC 
cellular tissue subjacent to the skin of 
the scrotum, by the contractility of 
which, during life, the latter is corru- 
gated. 
Dartre (Fr.), daRtr. Often indefinitely 
applied by French authors to different 
cutaneous diseases: it seems, however, 
to agree pretty nearly with Herpes. 
Date. [Lat. Dac'tylus; Fr. Datte, 
d5,tt.] The fruit of the date palm, or 
Phoe'nix dactylif'era. 
Datiscaceay* dat-is-ka'she-e. A 
small natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in Europe, India, and North 
America. It includes the Datis'ca, which 
is used as a purgative in fevers. 
Datte. See Date. 
Da-tu'ra.* A Linnaean genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Sola- 
ruicese. 
Datu'ra Stra-mo'nI-um.* The 
thorn-apple, or Jamestown weed. See 
Stramonium. 
Dat-n'rin. [Datu'ria.] An alka- 
line principle discovered in Datura stra- 
monium. 
Dau'ci Ra'dix.* (“Root of the 
Carrot,”) See Daucus Carota. 
Dau'cns.* [Gr. daufcos.] A Linnaean 
genus of the class Pentandria, natural 
order Umbelliferte. 
Dau cus Ca-ro'ta.* The systematic 
name of the common garden-carrot 
(variety sati'vus). 
Day-ltlindneMH. See Nyctalopia. 
Day'-Mare. [lu'cubus 'Vigilan'- 
tium.] A species of incubus occurring 
during wakefulness, and attended with 
that distressing pressure on the chest 
which characterizes nightmare. 
See Hemeralopia. 
D. D. = De'tur ad.* “Let it be given to.” 
De. A Latin particle usually signi- 
fying “down,” or “from;” frequently it 
is intensive, and occasionally privative, 
or negative, having sometimes nearly the 
force of the English particle un; e.g. 
decoquo, to “boil down,” to “boil tho- 
roughly;” deform [from for'ma, “form,” 
“grace,” “beauty”], to “deprive of 
grace or beauty;” decompose, to “ un- 
compound.” 
Dead ly Night shade. The At'ropa 
beUadon'na. 
Deaf. See Surdus. 
Reaf-Ruinb'ness. Dumbness arising 
from congenital or early deafness. 
Dealhatio, or Dealbation. See 
Bleaching. 
Deaur. pil. = Deaur'etur pil'ula.* 
“ Let the pill be gilded.” 
155 DEC 
DEC 
De-cem-loc'n-lar. [Doeemloen- 
la'riM; from de'cem, “ten,” and (</<:'ulus, 
a “little pocket.”] Having ten little 
compartments. 
De-cid'u-a.* [See Deciduus.] A 
spongy membrane, or chorion, produced 
at the period of conception, and thrown 
off from the uterus after parturition. 
Decid'ua Mem-bra'na (or Tu'nl- 
ca) Ke-llex'a.® The same as. Decidua 
Reflexa, which see. 
Decid'ua Membra'na (or Tunica) 
U'te-ri.* (“Deciduous Membrane of the 
Uterus.”) The same as Decidua Vera. 
Deeid'ua That portion 
of the decidua which is reflected over, 
and surrounds, the ovum. 
Recid'ua Ve'ra.® That portion of 
the decidua which lines the interior of 
the uterus. 
De-cid'n-us.* [From dec'!do, to 
“fall down,” to “fall off.”] Falling off: 
decid'uous. 
DMigramino, des'se-gram. (Fr. 
Decigramme, [From dm-'- 
imus, “tenth,” and (Fr.) gramme.'] The 
tenth part of a gramme, equal to 1.544 
grains avoirdupois, or one and a half 
grains troy. 
Decilitre, dess'e-lMr'. [From deq'- 
imus, “tenth,” and (Fr.) litre.] The tenth 
part of a litre, equal to 6.1028 English 
cubic inches. 
Decimetre, dess'e-me't’r (French 
pronunciation, [From del- 
imits, “tenth,” and (Fr.) metre.] The 
tenth part of a metre, equal to 3.937, or 
nearly four, English inches. 
De-cli'nal. [From decli'no, to “bend 
downwards.”] Applied to the slope of 
strata from an axis. 
Dec'II-nate. [Declina'tus; from 
the same.] Bending down. 
De-eli'vis.* [From de, “down,” and 
cl i'mis, the “descent of a hill.”] De- 
scending. 
Decoct. == Deeoc'tnm.* “ A decoction.” 
De-coc'ta,* the plural of Decoctum. 
Decoettf, d&'kok'tA'. The French for 
Decoctum, which see. 
De-coc'tion. [Deeoc'tnm, or De- 
coc'tio, o'jus/ from de, “down,” and 
co'qno, coc'tum, to “boil.”] A continued 
ebullition with water, to separate such 
parts of bodies as are soluble only at 
that degree of heat. A medicine made 
by boiling some medicinal substance in 
a watery fluid. In this latter significa- 
tion it corresponds to Decoctum, which 
see. 
De-coc'tum,* plural De-coc'ta. 
[From the same.] A decoction. The 
Pharmacopoeial term for a medicinal 
preparation made by boiling some vege- 
table substance in water for the purpose 
of extracting the soluble ingredients. 
Deeoe 'limit e-1 ra' ri-ie. Decoc- 
tion of Iceland Moss.”) Take of Iceland 
Moss half a troy ounce; water, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Boil the Iceland Moss 
in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
strain with compression, and add suffi- 
cient water through the strainer to make 
the decoction measure a pint. 
Deeoe'tumChloinapti'Mse.'® (“ De- 
coction of Pipsissewa.”) Take of pipsis- 
sewa, bruised, a troyounce ; water, a suffi - 
cient quantity. Boil the pipsissewa in a 
pint of water fifteen minutes, strain, and 
add sufficient water through the strainer 
to make the decoction measure a pint. 
Deeoc’tuin (in-ehoiue l’la va‘.:; 
(“ Decoction of Yellow Cinchona.”) Take 
of yellow cinchona, bruised, a troyounce; 
water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
yellow cinchona in a pint of water for 
fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
water through the strainer to make the 
decoction measure a pint. 
Deeoc'tnm t'in-clio'na* Kii'brav* 
(“Decoction of Red Cinchona.”) Take 
of red cinchona, bruised, a troyounce; 
water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
red cinchona in a pint of water for 
fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
water through the strainer to make the 
decoction measure a pint. 
Deeoc'tnm (iirniis Flor'I-dje.* 
(“Decoction of Dogwood.”) Take of 
dogwood, bruised, a troyounce; water, a 
sufficient quantity. Boil the dogwood 
in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
strain, and add sufficient water through 
the strainer to make the decoction mea- 
sure a pint. 
Deeoe'tiimDiil-ca-ina'rav* (“ De- 
coction of Bittersweet.”) Take of bitter- 
sweet, bruised, a troyounce; water, a 
sufficient quantity. Boil the bittersweet 
in a pint of water for fifteen minutes, 
strain, and add sufficient water through 
the strainer to make the decoction mea- 
sure a pint. 
Decoc'tiim 111*‘ in-a-1 o v' y - H 
(“ Decoction of Logwood.”) Take of log- 
wood, rasped, a troyounce; water, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Boil the logwood in a pint 
of water for fifteen minutes, strain, and 
add sufficient water through the strainer 
to make the decoction measure a pint. 
Decoc'tmn Mor'de-i.* (“ Decoction 
of Barley.”) Take of barley two troy- 
156 ounces; water, a sufficient quantity. 
Having washed away the extraneous 
matters which adhere to the barley, boil 
it with half a pint of water for a short 
time, and throw away the resulting 
liquid. Then, having poured on it four 
pints of boiling water, boil down to two 
pints, and strain. 
Decoc'tuisi Quer'cus Al'bav® 
(“ Decoction of White-Oak Bark.”) Take 
of white-oak bark, bruised, a troyounce; 
water, a sufficient quantity. Boil the 
white-oak bark in a pint of water for 
fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
water through the strainer to make the 
decoction measure a pint. 
Dccoc'tiim Sar-sa-pa-ril'lne Com- 
pes'i-tum.* (“Compound Decoction 
of Sarsaparilla.”) Take of Sarsaparilla, 
sliced and bruised, six troyounces; bark 
of sassafras-root, sliced, guaiacum-wood, 
rasped, liquorice-root, bruised, each a 
troyounce; mezereon, sliced, one hun- 
dred and eighty grains; water, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Macerate with four pints 
of water for twelve hours; then boil for 
a quarter of an hour, strain, and add 
sufficient water through the strainer to 
make the decoction measure four pints. 
Recoc'tum Seii'e-y’se.® (“Decoc- 
tion of Seneka.”) Take of seneka, bruised, 
a troyounce; water, a sufficient quantity. 
Boil the seneka in a pint of water for 
fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
water through the strainer to make the 
decoction measure a pint. 
Decoc'tum U'vai Ur'si.® (“ Decoc- 
tion of Uva Ursi.”) Take of uva ursi 
a troyounce; water, a sufficient quantity. 
Boil the uva ursi in a pint of wafer for 
fifteen minutes, strain, and add sufficient 
water through the strainer to make the 
decoction measure a pint. 
De-c«>l-la'tion. [From de, privative, 
and col'him, the “neck.”] Applied to 
the removal of the head of the child in 
cases of difficult parturition. 
De-com-po-si'tion. [Decomposi'- 
tio, o'nis; from de, negative, or “from,” 
and compo'no, compos'it,urn, to “put to- 
gether.”] The separation of compound 
holies into their constituent parts or 
principles; analysis. 
De-com-poxl-tus.® [From the 
same.] Applied in the feminine plural 
(Decompos'itse) to a class or division of 
plants having a common foot-stalk sup- 
porting a number of lesser leaves, each 
of which is compounded. 
De-cor-tl-c&'tion. [Decortica'tio, 
o’uis; from de, priv., or “from,” and 
DEC 
cor'ter, “bark.”] The removal of bark, 
husk, or shell. 
!>('(• re-ment. [Decremen'tuni; 
from decree'co, to “ grow less.”] The 
decrease or proportion in which any thing 
is lessened. 
De-crep-i-ta/tion. [Deorepita'tio, 
o'uis; from decrep'ito, decrepit a'turn, to 
“crackle” or “explode.”] The crackling 
noise produced by certain bodies when 
heated, as common salt, etc. 
Decub. = Decu'bitus,* or Decu'bxtu.* 
“Lying down,” or “On lying down” (i.e. 
going to bed). 
De-cn'bl-tns.® [From decum'bo, de- 
cu'bitum, to “lie down.”] A lying down, 
or reclining in the horizontal position. 
An important symptom in certain dis- 
eases is to be observed from the manner 
of lying in bed. 
De-cum'foens,* [From the same.] 
Lying down: decum'bent. 
De-cur'rens.* [From decur'ro, de- 
cur'mini, to “run down.”] Applied to 
leaves which run down the stem in a 
leafy border or wing: decur'rent. 
lie-cur sive. [Decursi'vus; from 
the same.] Applied to leaves that run 
down the stem, attached by their middle 
nerve only. 
De-cus'sate. [From decus'so, decus- 
sa'tum, to “cross” (from decus'sis, the 
number “ ten,” represented by a cross, 
X).] To cross each other. See next 
article. 
Doe-iis-sii't ion. [Dccussa'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The crossing 
or running of one portion athwart an- 
other, as in the case of the optic nerves, 
which cross each other within the 
cranium. 
De-cns-so'rl-um.* An instrument 
for depressing the dura mater after tre- 
phining. 
De D. in D. = De Di'e in Di'em.* 
“From day to day.” 
Dlfaillance, dAfAyoxss'. The 
French term for “fainting.” Like the 
Latin defectio, its primary signification 
is a “failing” of the strength. 
Def-e-c*a'tioii. [Deficca'tio, o'nis; 
from defee'co, defteca'tum, to “deprive of 
the dregs” (faeces), to “strain through 
a sieve.”] The removal of faeces, lees, 
or sediment from any thing. The act of 
discharging the faeces. 
Defectio,® de-fek'she-o. [From defi'- 
cio, to “lack” or “fail.”] A failing; 
a failing of heart, strength, or cou- 
rage. 
Defec'tio An'I-mt.® Literally, the 
DEF 
157 DEF 
DEL 
“failing of the mind;” hence, fainting. 
The same as Deliquium Animi. 
I>ef'er-ens,* plural neuter Defer- 
enfia, def-er-en'she-a. [From de/'ero, 
to “carry down,” to “convey.”] Con- 
veying: def'erent. See Vas Deferens. 
ilenu-Kriilion. [Dellagratio, 
«'nix; from defla'gro, deflagra'turn, to 
be “set on fire,” to “be utterly con- 
sumed.”] The burning of an inflamma- 
ble substance or metal with nitre, chlo- 
rate of potash, etc. 
De'tlex. [Iteflex'us: from deflec'to, 
to “bend down.”] Bending a little 
downwards. 
I>e-flo'rate. [Deflora'fus; from 
deflo'ro, deflora'turn, to “deflower.”] Ap- 
plied to anthers that have shed their 
pollen, and plants, their flowers. 
Oef-lo-riV't ion. [Defloratio, o'nis; 
from the same.] In Medical Jurispru- 
dence, connection without violence, in 
contradistinction from rape. Loss of 
the marks of virginity by connection 
with a male. 
Itefluxion, de-fluk'shiin. [I>e- 
flux'io, o'nis; from de, “down,” and 
flu'o, flux'um or flue'turn, to “flow.”] A 
flowing of humors downwards. 
De-fo-ll-a'tion. [Defolia'tio, o'nis; 
from de, priv., and /o'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
The fall of leaves, as contradistinguished 
from frondescence, or their renovation. 
De-for-ma'tion. [Defornia'tio, 
o'nis; from defor'mo, deforma'turn, to 
“mar” or “disfigure.”] Distortion of 
any part, or general deformity of the body. 
I)e-&en-er-a'tion. [Lat. Oegonora - 
tio, o' nix ; from degen' ero, degenera'turn, 
to be “worse than one’s ancestors;” Fr. 
Degeni.rescence, dAzh An A res'sbNSs’.] De- 
terioration. Applied in Pathology to a 
morbid change in the structure of parts; 
such as Lardaceous Degeneration. 
Deg-lii-trtion. [ Deglu ti' tio, o'nt sy 
from deglu'tio, degluti'tum, to “swallow 
down.”] The act of swallowing. 
l»e-jfree'. [Lat, Gra'dus, a “step,” 
or “rank.”] The 360th part of n circle. 
Also, the rank or title of Bachelor, Mas- 
ter, or Doctor, conferred by the Faculty 
of a university or college. See Doctor. 
ne-liis'fence. [l>chiscen'tia; from 
dehis'vo, to “gape” or “burst open.”] A 
bursting open. Applied to capsules. 
[From the same.] Open- 
ing or splitting, as the capsules of certain 
plants. 
Dej. Alv. = Dejeetio'nes Alvi'nse.* 
“Alvine dejections.” 
IP'-joc lion. [I><Jec' tio, o' n is; from 
deji'cio, dejec'tum, to “throw down.”] 
The discharge of any excrementitious 
matter; also, the matter discharged; a 
stool, or evacuation of the bowels. Also, 
depression, exhaustion, or prostration. 
IK'laynnt, dAli'yoN0'. The French 
term for Diluent, which see. 
I>el-e-te'rI-ous. [Melete'rins; from 
de'leo, dele’turn, to “destroy.”] Lite- 
rally, “destroying.” Injurious,- poi- 
sonous. 
Deld-ga'tion. [Dolign'tio. o'nis; 
from del'igo, deliga'lnm, to “bind up.”] 
The act of applying a bandage. 
[From delique*'- 
co, to “grow moist” or “liquid.”] The 
liquescent state assumed by certain saline 
bodies in consequence of their attracting 
water from the air. 
IXeliquiuni,*- de-lik'we-um. [From 
delin'quo, to “fail.”] A failing; a faint- 
ing or swooning. 
I>(Tiq'uiiini An'I-mi.* (“Failing 
of the Mind.”) Swooning or fainting; 
syn'cope; also called De/ectio nnimi. 
I>e-lir'I-um.® [From deli'ro, to 
“rave.”] A symptom consisting in be- 
ing fitful and wandering in talk. 
]>clir'ium Tremens.* (“Trem- 
bling Delirium.”) (Fr. Dilire Trembhmt, 
dAlAn' troM'bloN0'.) An affection re- 
sulting from an excessive indulgence in 
strong liquors, or opium. See Mania a 
Potu. 
I>el-I-t£s'£enee. [From delites'eo, 
to “lie hid.”] A term used principally 
by the French physiologists to express a 
more sudden disappearance of the symp- 
toms of inflammation than occurs in 
resolution. 
I>e-liv'er-y. (Fr. Delivrer, dAlAvn.V, 
to “free.”) The expulsion of a child by 
the mother, or its extraction by the ob- 
stetrical practitioner. The exjmlsion of 
the placenta and membranes, however, 
is necessary to complete the delivery. 
I>el-i>tiin'ic An acid pro- 
cured from the oil of the Delphi'nus del'- 
phis, or dolphin. 
!>el-i>liin'l-uiii.* [From the 
“dolphin.”] A Linnaean genus of the 
class Polynndria, natural order Ranun- 
cnlnceie. Also the Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph., 1860) for the seed of the Del- 
phinium consolida. As a diuretic, it is 
sometimes given in dropsy. 
Delphin'inm Sl;i|iti-i-sa grba»s 
The plant stavesacre. 
Del'toid. [Weltoi'dos; from A, the 
Greek triangular letter, and a 
“form.”] Shaped like the Greek letter 
158 A (delta). The name of a large triangu- 
lar muscle covering the shoulder-joint. 
Del-to-i'de-us. [From deltoi'des.] 
Belonging to the deltoid muscle. 
Dementia,* de-men'she-a. [From 
de, priv., and mens, the “mind.”] (Fr. 
Demence, d&'moNss'.) Want of intellect; 
a species of insanity. 
De-mer'sus.* [From demer'go, de- 
mer'sum, to “dip in water.”] Growing 
beneath the surface of water. Applied to 
leaves naturally so situated. 
Demi-Bain, dm£ bax®. (“Half- 
Bath.”) The French term for a hip-bath. 
[Demulcent in, 
de-mul-sen'she-a; from demul'ceo, to 
“soothe.”] (Fr. Adoucissants, 
son®'.) “Soothing [medicines].” Ap- 
plied to medicines of a mucilaginous or 
oily consistence. 
Deu'drl-form. [ Dendrifor'mis; 
from ieripor, a “tree.”] Formed like a 
tree. 
Den'drite. [Dendrl'tes; from &- 
Ipuv, a “tree,” and \idos, a “stone.”] Any 
figure of a tree or shrub observed in 
fossils and minerals. 
Den-drit’ic. [Dendrit'icus; from 
ieedpoy.] Belonging to a tree or shrub. 
Don-drogra-pliy. [Ucndrogra- 
phia: from iiripou, a “tree,” and ypiipu, 
to “ write.”] A history of trees and 
shrubs. 
Den’droid. [Dcmlroi'des; from 
ieeipor, a “tree,” and eMo,-, a “form.”] 
Resembling a tree or shrub. 
Den'dro-IIte. [Dendroli'tes; from 
iceipoi/, a “tree,” and Aidog, a “stone.”] A 
petrified tree or shrub. 
Ilcn-ilrolo-jfj. [Dendrolo'g'ia; 
from itehpov, a “tree,” and Aoyo;, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on trees; the sci- 
ence of trees. 
Den-drom'e-ter. [Demlrom'e- 
trum; from desSpoi/, a “tree,” and pirfx>u, 
a “measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring trees. 
Dengue (Sp.), den'gA A fever of 
America, characterized by sharp pains 
down the thighs and legs, and general 
soreness of the flesh and bones. 
Hi'n-i-gnVtion. [Denlg'ra'tio; 
from deni'gro, denigra'turn, to “blacken.”] 
Another term for Melanosis, derived from 
its black appearance. See Melanosis. 
Dens,* gen. Den'tis. [Sanscrit 
Dantii: Gr. diuv;, dSdrros.] A tooth. See 
Tocm 
Dens Le-o'nis.* (“Lion’s Tooth.”) 
The same as dandelion, or Leon'todon 
iarax' acum. 
DEL 
Dent, doN°'. The French for “tooth.” 
See Dens. 
Den'ta-gra.* [From dens, and aypa, 
a “seizure.”] The same as Odontalgia. 
Also, a kind of forceps, or tooth-key, 
for extracting teeth. 
Dentaire. See Dental. 
Den'tal. [Denta'lis; from dens, 
den'tis, a “tooth.”] (Fr. Dentaire, dbN0'- 
teR'.) Pertaining to teeth. 
Den-ta'ta.* The name of the second 
vertebra, so called from its projecting 
tooth-like process. 
Itcii tatc. [Denta'tus; from c?e/i».] 
Toothed. 
gen. Dentium, den'she- 
urn, the plural of Dens, a “tooth.” See 
Teeth. 
Den'tes Ous-pl-da'ti,* or simply 
Cuspida'ti.* Four pointed teeth, two 
in each jaw, situated adjoining and pos- 
terior to the lateral incisors. The two 
cuspidati of the upper jaw are in popu- 
lar language called eye-teeth. 
Den'tes >Sapien'tiHi*(sap-e-en'she-e). 
The “Teeth of Wisdom,” or wisdom- 
teeth. A name given to the last grinder 
teeth, because they come in mature years. 
Den-t ic u-liitc. or Den-tic'u-lat- 
ed. [Denticula'tus; from dentic'ulus, 
diminutive of dens.] Having little teeth. 
Den'tl-frlce. [ Dentilri'ciuin; 
from dens, a “tooth,” and fri'co, to 
“rub.”] A medicinal powder for the 
teeth; tooth-powder. 
Den'tine, or Den'tin. [Denti'na; 
from dens, a “tooth.”] The bone-like 
substance forming the inner part of the 
body, neck, and roots of the teeth. 
Den-tl-ros'tris,* plural Den-tl- 
ros'tre&. [From dens, a “tooth,” and 
ros'trum, a “beak.”] Applied in the 
plural to a family of birds having a 
tooth-like beak: dentiros'trate. 
Den-tl-sc&l'pl-uin.» [From dens, n 
“tooth,” and scal'po, to “scrape.”] An 
instrument for scaling teeth. 
Dentist. See Surgeon Dentist. 
Den-tl'tion. [Ilenti'tio, it’nix; from 
den'tio, denti'turn, to “breed or produce 
teeth.”] The first appearing of the teeth 
in infancy; teething. 
Dentium. See Dentes. 
Den'tium Oor'tex.* (“Bark or. 
Rind of the Teeth.”) A name applied 
to the enamel which forms the most im- 
portant part of the covering of thq 
teeth. See Enamel. 
Den'tium Do'lor.* (“Pain of the 
Teeth.”) See Odontalgia. 
Den'toid. [Dentoi'des; from dens, 
DEN 
159 DEN 
I)ER 
a “tooth,” and cl<5oj, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a tooth. 
De-nu'date. [DeniHla'tnN; from 
denu'do, denuda'tum, to “make bare.”] 
Made bare. 
Den-u-da'tioii. [Denuda'tio,o'nis; 
from the same.] The laying bare of any 
part. 
De-ob'stru-ent. j Deoh'st mens; 
from de, “from,” and ob'struo, to “ob- 
struct.”] Applied to medicines for re- 
moving obstructions. 
I>oo-do-rl-za'ti«n. [Deodoriza'* 
tio, o 'nis; from de, priv., and o'dor, a 
“smell.”] The correcting of any foul 
or unwholesome effluvia, through the 
operation of chemical substances. 
De-ox-I-da'tion. [Deoxyda'tio, 
o'uis; from de, priv., and ox'yyen.] The 
driving off of oxygen from any substance. 
I>ep. = Depura'tus.* “ Purified.” 
De-pau'per-at-ed. [From de, in- 
tensive, and pan'per, “poor.”] In Bo- 
tany, imperfectly developed; shrivelled 
as from scanty nutriment. 
De-phleg'-ina'tion. [Dephlegma'* 
tio, o' nis ; from de, priv., and phley'ma, 
“phlegm” or “ humor.”] The separating 
of the water from chemical liquors. 
Deph-lo-gis'tl-eat-ed. [From de, 
priv., and phlogis'ton.] Deprived of 
phlogiston; in other words, oxidized. 
See Phlogiston. 
Deplilog;istieated Air. Oxygen gas. 
Itephlogis'tirated Ma-rine' A^'id. 
The name given by Scheele to chlorine. 
I>e-|)iI'a-to-ry. [ Depilalo'rius; 
from de, priv., and pi'lus, the “ hair.”] 
Removing hair from any part. 
D«pl#tif. See Depletory. 
De-ple't ion. [Deple'tio. o'nis ; 
from dep'/eo, deple'tum, to “empty.”] 
The act of emptying or lightening the 
blood-vessels by means of venesection, 
cathartics, etc. 
Dep'le-to-ry. [From the same. Fr. 
DepUtif, Causing or pro- 
moting depletion. 
Dep-lu-ma'tion. [From deplu'mis, 
“without feathers,” “callow;” from de, 
priv., and pln'ma, a “feather.”] Lite- 
rally, “plucking of the feathers.” Ap- 
plied to a disease of the eyelids in which 
the hair falls off. 
De-poS'it. ! Depos'itnm; from de, 
“down,” and po'no, pos'itnm, to “put,” 
“place.” or “throw.”] What is thrown 
down from a liquid in which it has been 
suspended. 
Dep-ra-va'tion. [ Deprnva'tio, 
o'nis; from depra'vo, deprava'tum, to 
“vitiate” or “deprave.”] Deterioration 
or change for the worse. 
Ite-Itresswl'. [ Depres'sus. See 
Depression.] A botanical term signi- 
fying “pressed down.” 
De-pres'sion. [Depres'sio, o'nis; 
from dej/rimo, depres'sutn, to “press 
down.”] Lowness of spirits. The state 
of a part which is pressed down. Also, 
a term for one of the operations for 
cataract. 
De-pres'sor,o'ri'*.* [From the same.] 
Applied to a muscle which draws or 
presses down. 
De-pres'sor An cu-li O'ris.* (“ De- 
pressor of the Corner of the Mouth.”) A 
muscle whose office is indicated by its 
name. 
Dep'rl-mens.* [See Depression.] 
Pressing down. 
Dpp'rimpns Oc'n-li.* (The “De- 
pressing [Muscle] of the Eye.”) A name 
given to the rectus inferior, from the 
action of this muscle in drawing down 
the eyeball. 
De-pu'rans.* [From depu'ro, depu- 
t'd'turn, to “purify.”] Purifying. 
Bepurantia,* de-pu-ran'she-a (the 
neuter plural of Depprans, which see). 
Aj plied to medicines supposed to have 
the power of purifying the blood. 
Ilcp-ii-ra tion. [ Poiuira lio. <>’»/«,• 
from the same.] The clarifying of a 
liquid: defecation. The removal of im- 
purities from the fluids of the body. 
I>er-nd-en-i'tis.* [From ieprt, or ictiw, 
the “neck,” and dlf/v, a “gland.”] In- 
flammation of a gland of the neck. 
Der'bjr-slilre Bfcc*k. Another name 
for BrONCHOCELE. 
Derbyshire Spar. See Floor Spar. 
De-riv a-live. [ Derivati viis; 
from de, “from,” and ri'vus, a “stream ;” 
deri'vo, deriva'tum, to “draw off water,” 
as from a large stream or river.] Divert- 
ing from one part to another: applied to 
blisters, rubefacients, epispastics, etc. 
Der'ma. aft*.* [Gr. <5%/a.] The skin, 
or Cn'tis ve'ra. 
Der'mad. Applied the same as Der- 
mal used adverbially. 
Der'nial. [From der'inn.] Applied 
by Dr. Barclay as meaning “ towards the 
skin.” 
Der-ina-tAl gi-a. ' [From Aeppa, Scp- 
paroi, the “skin,” and aXyo;, “pain.”] 
Neuralgia of the skin : pain of the skin. 
Der-nia-tos'ra-phy. [ Dermato- 
grn'pliia: from if pa, the “skin,” and 
ypmjxi), to “ write.”] A description of the 
skin. 
160 Der-ina-tolo-iry. [Dermatulo- 
g;ia; from foppa, the “skin,” and Ao'yoj, a 
“discourse.”] The consideration (or sci- 
ence) of the skin, its nature and qualities. 
Der-ma-tot'o-my. [Dermatoto'- 
mia; from iippa, the “skin,” and repvio, 
to “cut.”] Dissection or cutting of the 
skin. 
Dcrmograpliy. See Deumatogra- 
piiy. 
Der moid, or Der'ma-toid. [Der- 
moi'des or Dermatoi'des; from ieppa, 
the “skin,” and a “form.”] Re- 
sembling the skin. 
Dcrint>lo{fy. See Dermatology. 
Der-mo-skel'e-ton. [ Dernioscel'- 
eton: from ieppi, the “skin,” and okc\c- 
tov, a “skeleton.”] The outward cover- 
ing of many invertebrato animals, such 
as the lobster, the beetle, etc.; also in 
certain vertebrated animals, as. the tor- 
toise, the armadillo, etc. 
Dcrosne's Salt. See Narcotine. 
[From descen'- 
do, descen'sum, to “ move downwards.”] 
The apparatus in which distillation by 
descent is performed. 
accusative 
s:iin. [From the same.] Distillation 
per descensum is performed by placing 
the fire upon and around the vessel or 
apparatus (desrensorium), the orifice of 
which is at the bottom. 
Descriptive Anatomy. See Anat- 
omy, Descriptive. 
Dcs-ie-ca'tion. [Desicca'tio, o’nig; 
from de, intensive, and sie'eo, sicca'tum, 
to “dry.”] The act of drying. 
De-sic'ca-tlve. [Desiccati'vus; 
from the same.] Applied to substances 
that dry or lessen the moisture of a 
wound or sore. 
Des-mi'tis, idig.* [From AeopAs, a 
“ligament.”] Inflammation of a liga- 
ment. 
Dcs-ino-dyii'I-a.® [From Aarpfc, a 
“ligament,” and ofmvi), “pain.”] Pain 
in a ligament, or in the ligaments: dcs- 
mod'yny. 
Des-mogrii-pliJ. [ Dosmogra'- 
phia; from a “ligament,” and 
ypafxj, to “write.”] A history or de- 
scription of the ligaments. 
De*'moid. [Desmoi'des; from Mapn, 
a “bundle,” and r?<5o{, a “form.”] Ap- 
plied to certain fibrous tumors which on 
section present numerous white fibres 
arranged in bundles. Also, resembling 
a ligament. (From AapA$, a “ligament.”) 
Des-inoI’o-K.f. [Desinolo'gia; from 
kopAf, a “ligament,” and Adyo;, a “dis- 
DER 
course.”] A treatise on the ligaments; 
the science of the ligaments. 
DeM-pii-ina'tion. [ DcKpmna'tio. 
O'ills; from denpu'mo, despumn'tnm, to 
“clarify.”] The process of clarifying 
any fluid; defecation; depuration. 
DeM-pu-ina'tus.* Freed from im- 
purities. 
Dcs-qua-iiiation. [Desquama'- 
tio, o' nig; from degquamo, to “ scale 
fishes.”] The separation of laminse or 
scales from the skin or bones; exfoliation. 
Desquamative Nephritis. See 
Nephritis. 
Dest. = Destil'ln:* “Distil.” 
liestillatio. See Distillation. 
Desudatio (de-su-da'she-o), o'uis.* 
[From de, intensive, and gu'do, suda'tum, 
to “sweat.”] Excessive sweating; also, 
an eruption in children. See Sudamen. 
Dcsvauxiacoae.* di-vo-ze-a'she-e. A 
natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in Australia and the South 
Sea islands. 
Det. = De'tur.* “Let it be given.” 
Dc-ter'£ent. [Deter'{fens; from de, 
intensive, and ter'yeo, ter’gum, to “wipe,” 
to “cleanse.”] Applied to medicines 
which cleanse wounds and ulcers. 
De-ter'ml-nate. [Dctcrmina'- 
tus; from deter'mino, determina'tum, to 
“terminate,” to “limit.”] Applieu to 
branches and stems that commence or 
end abruptly. 
De-ter-ml-na'tioii. [Determina'- 
tio, o'msy from the same.] A flowing 
or rushing to a particular part, as blood 
to the head. 
Det-o-nu'tion. [Detona'tio, o'nt*; 
from det'ono, detona'tum, to “thunder.”] 
Instantaneous combustion with loud ex- 
plosion. See Fitlmination. 
Dct'ra-liens.* [From dct'raho, to 
“draw away,” to “draw fyom.”] Draw- 
ing away. 
Dc-tri'tai. [Detri'tus; from det'ero, 
detri'tnm, to “ wear away.”] Relating 
to Detritus. 
De-tri'tus.* [From the same.] The 
waste substance formed by the action of 
frost or rains on the sides of ruts, the 
action of rivers on their banks, etc. 
De-tru'sor, o'ri#.* TFrom detru'do, 
detrn'snm, to “thrust down” or “force 
out.”] Applied to the muscular coat of 
the bladder, by the contractile power of 
which the urine is expelled. 
Detru sor U-ri'na-.® (“ Expeller 
of the Urine.”) The aggregate of the 
muscular fibres of the bladder which 
expel the urine. 
DET 
161 DEU 
DIA 
Defi-tor-o-pathlc. [Deutero* 
pnth'iciis.] Belonging to deuteropathy. 
Reii"ter*op'»*tii jL [Denteropa'- 
tMa; from ievre/x);, “second,” and iraOof, 
“disease.”] A sympathetic affection, or 
one consequent upon another. 
Deu-tox'I«ie. [beutoxydum; 
from Sevrepog, “second,” and ox'yditm, an 
“oxide.”] A term applied to a substance 
which is in the second degree of oxida- 
tion. This term is often used to denote 
a compound of three atoms of oxygen 
with two of metal, as in deutoxide of 
manganese, of lead, etc. 
Ito-vAl gafc. [ llcvalga tiis: from 
de, intensive, and val'gus, “ bow-legged.”] 
Having bowed legs; bandy-legged. 
De-vel'op-ment. (Fr. Developpcr, 
to “unfold.”) The organic change from 
the embryo state to maturity; growth. 
De-vel-op-men'tal. [Metainor'phi- 
cns.] Belonging to, or connected with, 
development. Applied to certain diseases. 
Devonshire Colic. See Coi.ica Pic- 
ton CM. 
Dew. [Lat. Ron. Ro'riNt Fr. Rosfe, 
roVA'.] Moisture precipitated at night 
from the atmosphere upon the surface 
of bodies whose temperature has been 
diminished by the absence of the sun. 
Clouds prevent the fall of dew, because 
the radiation of heat, by which bodies 
become colder than the surrounding air, 
does not take place to any great extent 
unless the sky is clear. Though dew 
may fall on a w’indy night, it is soon 
absorbed by the fresh dry air continually 
coming in contact with the moist surface 
of bodies. 
Dew'ber-rjf. The common name 
of the Rub us tririalis. 
Dew'berry Riant. The common 
name of the Jiubus cwsius, or heath- 
bramble. 
Dewiap. See Palear Laxttm. 
Dew'point. The temperature of 
the atmosphere at which the moisture 
begins to condense and deposit itself as 
dew. 
Dex'trin. [Dextri'na.] Mucilagi- 
nous starch, prepared by boiling a solu- 
tion of starch with a few drops of sul- 
phuric acid. Its name is derived from 
its property of turning the plane of the 
polarization of light to the right hand. 
Di. The same as Dis, which see. 
Ri'a (Sid). A Greek particle signify- 
ing “through,” “by means of,” and 
sometimes “apart,” “between.” Words 
compounded with Sid often imply sepa- 
ration. 
Di-a-bc'leA.* [F rom did, “through,” 
and Sairio, to “go.”] An immoderate 
and morbid flow of urine. It is termed 
intip'idus (“tasteless”) where the urine 
retains its usual taste, and melli'tut 
(“honeyed”) where the saccharine state 
is the characteristic symptom. A genus 
of the order Spatmi, class Neuroset, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Di-i*-bet'ic. [Diabet’ieus.] Be- 
longing to Diabetes. 
Diabetic Sugar. Fee Glucose. 
Di-H-caiiNtit*. [DiacniiH’ticilN ; 
from Sta/catca, to “burn.”] Applied to a 
double convex lens used to cauterize 
parts of the body. 
of Cop per. JErvgo, 
or verdigris. 
[From <5<d, “by means 
of,” and \vbdg, “juice.”] A name for- 
merly given to plasters prepared from 
expressed juice*, now applied to the Em- 
plastrum plumbi (Lond. Ph.), or Emplas- 
trnm lithargyri (Ed. and Dub. Ph.). 
Di-a-oo'dl-nin.* [From Ktoiia, a 
“poppy-head.”] The old name of the 
Syrnpus Papareris, or syrup of poppies. 
Di-ae'rl-sis.® [From iiait/aVu, to 
“distinguish.”] The distinguishing of 
diseases by a consideration of their 
symptoms. See Diagnosis. 
Di-a-dei'phi-a.* [From iig, “twice,” 
and <iie\'los, a “ brother.”] The seven- 
teenth class of plants in Linnaeus’s sys- 
tem, in which the filaments of the 
stamens are united into two parcels or 
brotherhoods. 
Diaeresis,* di-er'e-sis. [Gr. Siaipcmg; 
from Siaipcio, to “ take apart,” to “divide.”] 
A division of parts resulting from a 
wound, ulcer, or burn, or the like: a 
solution of continuity. 
Diaeretio, di-§-ret'ik. [Dijrret'i- 
cus: from the same.] Having power to 
divide, dissolve, or corrode : escharotic > 
corrosive. 
Dia*ta. Seo Diet. 
Di-ag-no'sis.® [From diaywVra, to 
“discern.”] The science of signs or 
symptoms, by which one disease is dis- 
tinguished from another. 
Diagno'sis, Itif-l'er-cn'tial. The 
determining of the distinguishing fea- 
tures of a malady when nearly the same 
symptoms belong to two different classes 
of disease, as rheumatism and gout, etc. 
Di-ag;'o-naI. [Iljagonalis: from 
did, “through,” and ytoria, an “angle.”] 
Applied to a right line drawn between 
any two opposite angles of a four-sided 
1 figure. 
162 DIA 
DIA 
Ifiagrydiiim. See Scammonv. 
Di-a-gryd'l-um,® or IMag-rycl'iiim 
Oy-<lo-ni-a'tum.* One part of quince 
juice and two parts of scammony; for- 
merly used as a purgative. 
2>i-al'y-»eS,:S' the plural of Dialysis. 
Solutions of continuity. An order of 
the class Locales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Di-al'J-sis.* [From StaXvat, to “ dis- 
solve.”] Weakness of the limbs, as if 
from a dissolving of their firmer parts. 
Applied to analysis by liquid diffusion, 
advantage being taken of the different 
degrees of diffusibility of different sub- 
stances in solution to produce separation. 
Di-ii-magnet-ism. [Diamigtue- 
tis'nius.! A term employed by Fara- 
day for a force or influence discovered 
by him in magnetic bodies. 
Di-am'e-ter. [Diani'eter, or I»i- 
am’etrus; from Sid, “through,” and 
pirpoj, a “ measure.”] A right line drawn 
through the centre of a circle and termi- 
nated on both sides by the circumference. 
The central and shortest dimension of a 
sphere or cylinder. 
Di'a-mond. (Fr. Diamant, a cor- 
ruption of Adamant, which see.) A 
precious stone; the crystallized and 
pure state of carbon; the hardest and 
most brilliant of all substances. 
I>i-an'ilri -a.* [From Sis, “twice” or 
“two,” and dm)p, avSpos, a “man” or 
“ male.”] The name of a Linnman class 
having flowers with two stamens. 
Di-an'tlins.- [From Sis, “twice,” 
and ujOo;, a “flower.”] A Linnman 
genus of the class Decandria, natural 
order Garyophyllaccx. 
IHan'thu* Car-y-o-phyl'lns.* The 
clove-pink, or clove-gilliflower. The 
flowers of this plant are used for flavor- 
ing syrup employed as a vehicle for 
other medicines. 
IMapensiaeeae,* di-a-pen-she-a'- 
she-e. [Fr >m Diapen'sia, one of the 
genera.] A small natural order of ex- 
ogenous under-shrubs, found in Europe 
and North America. 
Di-apli'a-iums. [Gr. 6ia bai>ris; from 
iii, “through,” and <paivo}, to “shine.”] 
Transparent; shining through. 
i>i-i>-|»lii>-rc'sis. ;: [From iia/«»psa), to 
“carry through,” to “carry off.”] Lite- 
rally, a “carrying off through [the 
pores]” or by perspiration. A state of 
perspiration. 
Di-»-pho-ret'ic. [f>iapIioret't- 
cus.] Applied to medicines having 
power to produce diaphoresis. When 
they are so powerful as to occasion 
sweating, they have been called Suao- 
rifics. 
BHapliriigiil. di'a-frum. [S>ia- 
phrag'ma, at/*/ from Siaippdoau. to 
“divide in the middle by a partition.”] 
A large muscle separating the thorax 
and abdomen : the midriff. 
Di ■ipphrag'iiiiil'gy. [BSiaplimg- 
mat'gia: from diaphrag'nut, the "dia- 
phragm,” and a\yos, “pain.”] Pain in 
the diaphragm. 
Ui-ii-|i!irax-mafif. [ I)iaphrag> 
mat'icns.] Belonging to the dia- 
phragm. 
!>iaplir:c;iiuit ic Gout. A term 
applied to Angina Pectoris. 
i lis. idis.* [From 
diaphrag'ma.] Inflammation of the 
diaphragm. A term sometimes applied 
to that variety of partial pleurisy in 
which the effused fluid exists between 
the base of the lung and the diaphragm. 
[From 
diaphrag' ma, and *17X7), a “ tumor.”] 
Hernia, or tumor, from some portion of 
the viscera escaping through the dia- 
phragm. 
Di-aph'j/-sis,'* plural IH-aph y-ses. 
[Fromiia/uicj, to “ be produced between.”] 
The cylindrical or prismatic shaft of the 
long bones between the epiphyses. Also, 
a fissure. 
ifi-a-popliy-sis.® [From iin, “be- 
tween,” and axujtvoj, to “arise from.”] 
Applied by Owen to the homologue of 
the upper transverse process of a ver- 
tebra. 
IM-a'rl-us.* [From di'es, a “ day.”] 
Lasting one day ; ephemeral. 
IH-ar-rluea.® [FromSid, “through,” 
and psio, to “flow.”] A purging, loose- 
ness, or too frequent passing of the 
faeces. A genus of the order Spasmi, 
class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
l>iai-rli<i‘a Ciir-no'sii.® Dysentery 
in which flesh-like portions are voided. 
Diarrli«e'a ftiy-Iowi.® The Ileac 
passion. 
IH-ar-1 ImXIi-al. [ Diart liroiliu- 
lis.] Belonging to Diarthrosis. 
IH-ur-thro sts.® plural Jiro - 
seS. [From Sid, “through,” as implying 
no impediment, an<I apO/xjv, a “joint.”] 
An articulation, permitting the bones to 
move freely on each other in every direc- 
tion, like the shoulder and hip joints. 
IMary Fever. [Fe'bras bia'ria.] 
See Ephemera. 
ni-jis-eor'di-iini.* [From Sin, “by 
means of,” and osopSiov, the “water ger- 
mander.”] An electuary so named be- 
163 cause this plant forms one of the ingre- 
dients. 
Oi-a-st jU'tic. [ I>iastal'l ions; from 
Sid, and ctcXXo), to “contract” or “dis- 
pose.”] Applied by M. Hall to the reflex 
action of the excito-motory system of 
nerves, because performed through the 
spinal marrow. 
[tiastal'tic Arc. Applied by M. 
Hall to the course of the Vis nervosa, in 
complete or uninterrupted reflex or dia- 
staltic action. Also called Reflex arc. 
Diastai'tic Scrvous System. 
A term substituted by M. Hall for his 
former one of the Spinal System. 
Ki'a-stase. [From Siianqpi, to “set 
apart,” to “ cause division or separation.”] 
Literally, that which produces separation 
or decomposition. A substance produced 
during the germinating of seeds and 
buds, having the property of converting 
starch into sugar. 
IM-as'ta-sis.* [From the same.] A 
forcible separation of bones without frac- 
ture. 
IM-a-stenm. atis* [From the same.] 
A space or cleft. Applied in many terms 
like the following. 
Di-as-tcm-a-te-lyt'rl-a.* [From 
diaste'ma, and IXorpav, the “vagina.”] 
A malformation consisting in a longi- 
tudinal fissure of the vagina. 
15i-as't«-I<V;;:' [From SiaareXXo, to 
“dilate.”] The dilatation of the heart, 
by which, with its alternate contraction 
(Systole), the circulation of the blood is 
carried on. 
IM-a-tlter'ma-noiis. [From SiaOtp- 
paivo>, to “warm through.”] A term 
denoting free permeability to heat. 
Bi-a-tlier-maia'sts.* [From the 
same.] The transit of the rays of heat. 
I>i-atllt'e-sis.*' [From SiaMOr/pi, to 
‘'arrange,” to “dispose.”] A particular 
habit or disposition of the. body; thus, 
wc say, “ an inflammatory diathesis,” i.e. 
a habit or disposition of body peculiarly 
susceptible to inflammatory diseases. 
Belonging to diathesis. 
Itlatomacese,* di-a-to-ma'she-e. 
[From Diat'oma, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of cryptogamous plants, 
found in still waters and oozy places. 
The green mucous slime seen on stones 
and walls which are always damp con- 
sists of these plants. 
Iti-at'o-moMS. [Itiat'omns: from 
Sid, “through,” and rcpvio, to “cut.”] 
Cleavable throughout. Applied to 
cleavage. 
lM-ctilam-yd'c-us.* [From Ms, 
DIA 
“twice” or “two,” and xXagiij, a “short 
cloak.”] Applied to plants in tlic flowers 
of which there are two whorls. 
lti-4'liot o-moiis. [Dicltol onms; 
from Sixa, “double,” and rep.u>, to “cut.”] 
Twice divided. A term applied to steins 
or branches which bifurcate, or are con- 
tinually divided into pairs. 
ni'ehro-isin. [ Itiehrois nius; 
from Sis, “twice” or “two,” and Xl":a, 
“color.”] The property by which some 
minerals, when examined by transmitted 
light, exhibit different colors, accoiding 
to the direction in which the rays of 
light pass through them. 
IM-coc'cous. [IMcoc'cus; from Mi, 
“twice” or “ two,” and kokkos, a “berry.”] 
Having two capsules united, one cell in 
each. 
IM■eot-jt-le'<Joil,® plural Iti-cot-y- 
le'do-ites. [From r'<$, “twice” or “ two,” 
and ron’Xrji'v, a “cotyledon.”] One of a 
class of plants having two cotyledons, 
or seed-lobes. Applied to a Jussieuan 
division of plants. 
Di-cot-]ll-e<ro-n«us. [Ilieotyle'- 
tlunus, BMcoty IcdonoM*: from the 
same.] Belonging to the division of 
plants termed Dicotyledones. 
EM-crae'us.* [From <3<j, “twice,” or 
“two,” and kpadi, a “head.”] Having 
tw > heads; also, bifid; cloven. 
I>i-crot'ic. [IMcrot'icus; from S({, 
“twice,” and xporew, to “strike.”] Ap- 
plied to the pulse when there is a re- 
bounding like a double pulsation. 
Dic'ro-tous. [Dic'rotus.] The 
same as Dicrotic, which see. 
Dic-tam'nusA [From Dic'te, a 
mountain of Crete.] A genus of the class 
Decandria, natural order Rutace.se. 
Did’y-ini.* the plural of Didymus. 
Applied to the testicles. 
Di-dyna'I-iim.® [From US go:, 
“twin.”] The name of a metal recently 
discovered united with Oxide of cerium, 
and so called from its being as it were 
the twin brother of lantanium, which was 
previously found in the same substance. 
I>id'y-iiitis.* [From SiSvpoi, “dou- 
ble,” “twin.”] By two and two: did'- 
ymous. As a noun it denotes the testis. 
I)id-y-iia’ml-a.® [From Mi, “ twice,” 
or “twofold,” probably meaning “of 
two kinds,” and Svragii, “power.”] The 
fourteenth class of Linnasus’s system of 
plants, characterized by the presence of 
four stamens, of which two are long and 
two short. 
J»iet>. alt. = 7>ie'i«s alter'nis.* “On 
alternate days.” 
DIE 
164 IMab. tert. — Die'bus ter'tiis.* “Eve- 
ry third day.” 
Di'es.* A Latin word signifying 
“ day.” It is often used in giving di- 
rections for taking medicines. The cases 
most used are the accusative singular, 
Di'em, ablative singular, Di'e, nomina- 
tive plural, Di'es, ablative plural, Die' - 
bus. See Appendix. 
IM'et. [Dise'ta; from Siaira, “regi- 
men.”] The food proper for invalids. La 
Diete, 14 dAet', as used by French phy- 
sicians, signifies extreme abstinence. 
Di'et Drink. The Decoct. Sarsa- 
parilla; Comp, of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Di-e-tet'ic. [Disetet'icus; from 
iiairaei, to “ feed.”] Belonging to the 
taking of proper food, or to diet. 
Di-e-tet'ics. [Diaetet'ica; from the 
same.] The consideration (or science) of 
regulating the food or diet. 
Differential Diagnosis. See Diag- 
nosis, Differential. 
Differential Thermometer. See 
Thermometer, Differential. 
IMfliculty of Breathing;. See 
DYSPNfEA. 
Dif-for'mls.* [From di for dis, 
implying “difference,” and for'ma, 
“shape.”] Of different shapes; irregu- 
larly formed. 
Dif-frae'tion. [Dilfrac'tio, o'nis; 
from dis, “apart*’ or “aside,” and fran'- 
go, frac'turn, to “break.”] The breaking 
of rays of light from their right course. 
See Refraction. 
Dif-fu'SI-ble. [Diffhsib'ilis; from 
diffnn'do, diffu'sum, to “ pour about,” to 
“spread.”] That which may be spread 
in all directions. 
Dif-fu'sion Tube. An instrument 
for determining the rate of diffusion for 
different gases. It is simply a graduated 
tube closed at one end by plaster of 
Paris, a substance, when moderately 
dry, possessed of the requisite porosity. 
DifTu'sion Vol'nme. A term used 
to express the different dispositions or 
tendencies of gases to interchange par- 
ticles ; the diffusion volume of air being 
1, that of hydrogen is 3.33. 
Dif-fu'sus.* [From diffnn'do, dif- 
fu'sum, to “spread.”] Widely spread: 
diffused. 
Dig. = Digcra'tur* “Let it be di- 
gested.” 
Di-gas tric. [Digas'tricns; from 
<5if, and yacrnp, a “belly.”] Having two 
bellies: the name of a muscle attached 
to the os hyaides ; it is sometimes called 
biven'ter maxil'lse inferitdris. The term 
DIE 
is also applied to one of the interior 
profundi of Meckel, given off by the 
facial nerve; the other is called the 
stylo-hyo'ideus. 
Diga-strie CJroove. [See Digas- 
tric.] A longitudinal depression of the 
mastoid process, so called from its giving 
attachment to the muscle of that name. 
IMS 'er-ens.* [From dig'ero, digcs'- 
tnm, to “digest.”] Digesting; digestive. 
Applied in the neuter plural (Digerentia, 
dij-e-ren'she-a) to medicines which pro- 
mote the secretion of healthy pus. 
Dl-ges'ter. [From the same.] A 
strong iron or copper kettle, with a 
safety-valve, for subjecting bodies to 
vapor at a high temperature and under 
great pressure. 
Di-gcs'tion. [Digestio, o 'nis; 
from the same.] The slow action of 
matters on each other, by subjection to 
heat. The conversion of food into chyle 
in the stomach. 
Dl-ges'tive. [IHgesti'vus; from 
the same.] Belonging to digestion. Also 
applied to substances which promote 
suppuration ; as cerates, poultices, etc. 
Diges'tive Salt of SyI'\I-us. A 
salt discovered by Sylvius, since named 
muriate of potash, and now chloride of 
potassium. 
Dig'it. [From dig’itus, a “finger.”] 
The twelfth part of the sun’s or moon’s 
diameter, employed to denote the extent 
of an eclipse. 
Digital. See Digitalis. 
I>ig'i(-H-lin,or Dig’it-a-ltiio. [Dig- 
itali'na; from Digita'lis, the “fox- 
glove.”] A substance erroneously sup- 
posed to be the active principle of the 
Digitalis purpurea. 
I!ig-i-(a lis. [From dig'itus, a “ fin- 
ger.”] Belonging to a finger: dig'ital. 
Digitalis.* [From digita'le, the 
“ finger of a glove.”] Foxglove. A 
Linmean genus of the class Didynamia, 
natural order Scrofulanacese. Also, the 
Pharmacopoeial name|| of the recent and 
dried leaves and stem of the Digitalis 
purpurea. According to the U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia, “The leaves of the D. purpu- 
rea from plants of the second year’s 
growth.” 
Digitalis is narcotic, sedative, and 
diuretic. It has a remarkable sedative 
effect on the heart, reducing th,e force, 
and especially the frequency, of the 
pulse: hence it is frequently given to 
moderate the action of the heart and 
arteries in phthisis, and especially in 
cases of haemorrhage. As a diuretic, it 
DIG 
165 DIG 
DIO 
is sometimes found very useful in dropsy. 
In large doses, it is poisonous, producing 
vertigo, nausea, and vomiting, syncope, 
convulsions, and death. For dose, see 
Appendix. 
Oijjitalis Pur-pu're-a.* The syste- 
matic name of the plant called foxglove. 
Di&-I-tate. [IHgitatu*; from 
ditj'itus, a “finger.”] Having fingers. 
Applied to the leaves of plants so di- 
vided as to have the appearance of 
fingers. 
Dijg-I-ta'to-Pin-na'tus.* Applied 
to a digitated leaf having pinnated leaf- 
lets. 
gen. Di&-i-to’rum. The 
plural of Digitus, which see. 
Pe'dis,* gen. Diglto’rnin 
Pe'dis. The plural of Digitus Pedis, 
which see. 
IM&'It-I-form. [I>igil ifor'mis ; 
from dig'it us, a “finger, and for'ma, 
“likeness.”] Formed like a finger. 
l>lg'it-i-g;rade. [ Dij/i(ig risdns; 
from dig'itus, a “toe,” and gra’dus, a 
“step.”] Applied to carnivorous Mam- 
mals, which when standing or walking 
have the heel elevated. 
Dig'I-ius,* plural Dig’I-ti. (Fr. 
Doigt, dwS,.) A finger (or a toe). The 
fingers of the hand are the in’dex, or 
fore-finger; the me'dins, or middle 
finger; the annula'ria, or ring-finger; 
and the auricula'ris, or little finger. 
The bones of the fingers are called pha- 
langes. See Phalanx, and Finger. 
!>ig,'itus Ma'nus.* (“ Finger of the 
Hand.”) A finger. 
Dig'itns Pe dis.* (Literally, “Fin- 
ger of the Foot.”) A toe. 
IM-S'los'sum.® [From Ms, “double,” 
and yX'jatra, a “ tongue ;” because a small 
leaf grows above the ordinary one, look- 
ing like two tongues.] A Botanical 
name of the Prnnua lanro-cerasm. 
i>l-gynj -».* [See next article.] A 
Linnsean order of plants having two 
styles. 
IH-jry«'I-ous, or Dig y-neus. [DI- 
CTrn'ius; from <5iV, “two,” and yvvrj, a 
“woman” or “female.”] Having two 
styles. Applied to a Linnasan order. 
See Digynia. 
X>I1. = Dil'ue“ dilute,” or Dilu'tus,* 
“diluted.” 
2>il-a-ta'tion. [Dilata'tio, obits/ 
from dUa'to, dilata'tum, to “enlarge.”] 
An enlargement or expansion, as of the 
heart, etc. 
Di-la-ta'tor, o'rt».* [From the 
same.] The same as Dilator, which see. 
IM-Iitt'ed. [ IHlala'lus: from the 
same.] Enlarged. 
I>i-la'toiv*[From di, “ apart/' and fe'- 
ro, la'turn, to “ carry.”] Literally, “that 
which carries or draws apart.” A term 
applied to muscles whose office is to 
dilate certain parts, such as the inspira- 
tory muscles, which dilate or expand 
the chest; also, to instruments used for 
dilating wounds, canals, etc. 
IM11. The English name of the Ane'- 
thum grav'eolens, 
IMlleniaoene,* dil-lc-ne-a'she-e. 
[From Bille'iiia, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous plants, 
mostly trees, found in hot climates. 
Some species of this order are remarkable 
for the beauty of their flowers. Their 
properties are generally astringent. 
I>lluc.= Dilu'culo.* “At daybreak.” 
Dil'n-eiit. [Dil'acng, nn’tis ; from 
dil'uo, dilu'ium, to “dilute.”] (Fr. De- 
layant, dili'yoN0'.) Applied to sub- 
stances that increase the fluidity of the 
blood. 
DI-lut'ed. [Diln’tns: from the 
same.] Mixed. 
Di-lu'vi-al. [ Dilu via’Iis: from di- 
In'vium, a “flood.”] Belonging to a 
flood, or to the Deluge. 
l>im. = Dimid'iwt.* “ One-half.” 
nim'e-roiiH. [From Mg, “two,” and 
gipos, a “part.”] Having two parts in 
each whorl. See Trimerous. 
Di-mid'I-ate. [ I)inii<Ii:i fus: from 
dimid'im, the “ half.”] Divided into two. 
Itimiira* of Siylit. See Caligo. 
I>i-mor'g>lii*m. [ tHnmrpFiis'- 
nius; from iig, “twice,” or “two,” and 
jiiopAij, a “form.”] The property of many 
solid bodies to assume two distinct crys- 
talline forms; as sulphur, carbon, etc. 
Ri-inor'phoiis. [From the same.] 
Having two forms. See Dimorphism. 
Dim-y-a'rl-a.* [From Ms, “twice” 
or “two,” and gvs, gw%, a “muscle.”] 
An order of bivalve Mollusks having 
shells marked by two impressions or 
indentations for the attachment of mus- 
cles. 
I>ii»'I-cal. [IMn'Icns; from Mvos, 
“giddiness.”] Belonging to giddiness. 
Applied to medicines that remove giddi- 
ness. 
IM'mis.* [Gr. Mrog; from Mecvco, to 
“whirl round.”] Vertigo; dizziness; 
giddiness. 
IM-o-tlon-t/epli a-lons. [Diodon- 
rcgili'alus; from Ms, “twice,” “double,” 
ddovg, a “tooth.” and KetpaXij, a “head.”] 
A monster with double rows of teeth. 
166 DIO 
DIP 
Dicecia,* di-e'sh§-a. The name of a 
Linnaean class of plants having dioecious 
flowers. See Dioecious. 
Dioecious, di-e'shus. [Dioe'eius; 
from -h's, “ twice” or “ two,” and Soda, a 
“ house” or “ habitation.”] Literally, 
“having two houses,” because the male 
and female, instead of forming one 
family, occupy separate habitations. A 
term applied by Linnaeus to plants 
having male flowers on one and female 
flowers on another plant of the same 
species. 
Cap. A name applied 
to the cup-like cavity of the hand formed 
or occasioned by bending the metacar- 
pal bone of the little finger; so called 
because Diogenes is said to have thrown 
away his drinking-cup and used only his 
hand, for the sake of greater simplicity. 
Di-op'trs».s [From Stirn-ropai, to “ see 
through.”] An instrument for measuring 
the height and distance of objects. 
Di-op'tric, Di-op'tric-al. [Diop'- 
tricus; from the same.] Belonging to 
Dioptrics. 
Di-op'tries. [Diop'trica; from 
the same.] The branch of Optics which 
treats of refracted light, as contradis- 
tinguished from Catoptrics, which treats 
of reflected light. 
Di-or-tho'sis.* [From Smplim, to 
“ regulate.”] The restoration of part3 
to their proper situation; one of the 
an dent divisions of surgery. 
Dioscorea. See Yam. 
Dioseoreacese,* de-os-ko-re-a'she-e, 
or Di-os-co're-av* A natural order 
of endogenous plants, found in the 
tropics. It includes the Dioscorea 
(Yam), the farinaceous tuber of which 
forms an important article of food. 
Di-os'm;».* [From A«S,-, “of Jove,” 
and itepi, an “ odor,” the compound signi- 
fying “divine odor or fragrance.”] A 
Linnaean genus of the class Pentandria, 
natural order Rntaceee. The former 
Ph irmaeopoeial name (Lo’nd. Ph., 1836) 
of Itochu leaves; but (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
said t) be from the Barosma crenata, B. 
crennlata, and B. serratifolia. 
Dios'ma Crc-nata.* The plant 
the le i.ves of which were called buchu. 
Di -os'me-se.* The former name of 
a tribe of dicotyledonous plants. See 
Kutace.e. 
Di-os'py-ros.® [From An5{, “ of 
Jove,” and py'ras, a “ pear-tree.”] The 
persimmon; the Pharraacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) of the unripe fruit of the 
Dios'pyros Virginia'na. 
Di-ox'Me. [From Sis, “twice” of 
“two,” and ox'idc.] According to the 
electro-chemical theory, the elements of 
a compound may in relation to each 
other be considered oppositely electric; 
the equivalents of the negative element 
may then be distinguished by Latin 
numerals, those of the positive by Greek : 
thus, a 6iii-oxide denotes a compound 
which contains two equivalents of the 
negative element oxygen, whereas a di- 
oxide indicates that one equivalent of 
oxygen is combined with two of some 
positive body. And so of the 6i-chlo- 
ride, tit-chloride, etc. 
Di-pct ii-loii*. [Dipct alu«; from 
Sis, “ twice” or “ two,” and ncraXoi/, a 
“ petal.”] Having two petals. 
Diph-tiie'rl-a.* [From StpOcpa, 
“skin,” “leather,” or “membrane.”] 
Inflammatory disease of the throat and 
glands, in which false membranes are 
formed. 
Diph-the-ri'tis, idis.* [From the 
same.] A variety of Pharyngitis, in 
which a false membrane is formed, and 
for which the word Diphtheria has of 
late been very generally substituted. 
Di-phyl'lou*. [Dipliyl'lus; from 
Sis, “ twice” or “ two,” and <pvX\or, a 
“ leaf.”] Having two leaves. 
Dip'lo-t'ar’di-ae. [From Sm\oos, 
“ double,” and sapSia, a “ heart.”] Hav- 
ing a double heart, pulmonic and sys- 
temic, like mammals and birds. 
Dip'lo-c.* [From SnrXou, to “ dou- 
ble.”] The cellular osseous tissue be- 
tween the two tables of the skull. 
Dip'lo-Gaiig-lI-a'ta.* [From Stir- 
\6o;, “ double,” and yayyXiov, a “ nerve- 
knot.”] A term applied by Dr. Grant 
to the third sub-kingdom of animals, or 
Entomoida, consisting chiefly of articu- 
lated animals with articulated members, 
the Insects of Linnaeus, having their ner- 
vous columns arranged in the same 
relative position as the diplo-neura, with 
the ganglia increased in size, correspond- 
ing to their higher development. See 
Insects. 
Di-plo'ma, a</«.* [From SmXdoj, to 
“fold,” to “double.”] Literally, a “fold- 
ing” or “doubling,” “something dou- 
bled.” A double vessel; a water-bath. 
The charter (originally a folded letter) 
by which the physician or surgeon is 
declared qualified to practise his profes- 
sion. Also, a certificate of graduation 
given to every one who has successfully 
passed through a university or collegiate 
course. 
167 DIP 
DIS 
Dip-lo-iny-ell-a.* [From &w\6os, 
“double,” and “marrow.”] Con- 
genital division of the spinal marrow 
lengthwise. 
IMp'lo-Neu'rtju* A term applied by 
Dr. Grant to the second sub-kingdom 
of animals, or Helminthoida, comprising 
the various forms of worms in which 
the nervous columns have their gang- 
lionic enlargements very slightly de- 
veloped, and arc marked by a greater 
lateral separation from each other along 
the median line than is observed in the 
Diplo-Gangliata. 
Dip-lo'pi-a.# [From htn\6os, “dou- 
ble,” and Sirrogai, to “see.”] An affection 
consisting in double vision : dip'lopy. 
Dip-lop'ter-ous. [Diplop'tcrus; 
from inr\dos, “ double,” and nrepov, a 
“wing.”] Applied to insects having 
doubled or folded wings. 
Dip'pel’s Oil. An animal oil pro- 
cured by the destructive distillation of 
animal matter, especially of albuminous 
and gelatinous substances. 
Dipsacaceav* dip-sa-ka'shc-e, or 
Dipsacese,* dip-sa'she-e. A natural 
order of herbaceous plants, including 
Dip'sncns (Teasel), used by fullers. 
Dip'sa-cns.* [From Aiipa, “ thirst.”] 
A name formerly given to diabetes, from 
the thirst accompanying that affection. 
Dip-so'sis.* [From dltpa, “ thirst.”] 
Morbid thirst; excessive or impaired 
desire to drink. 
Dip'ter-a.® An order of insects. 
See Dipterus. 
Diptcraceee,* dip-t$r-a'she-e. [From 
Dipterocar'pus, one of the genera.] A 
natural order consisting mostly of gi- 
gantic trees, found in India, and abound- 
ing in resinous juice. It includes the 
Dryobalanops camphora, which yields 
the hard camphor of Sumatra. A spe- 
cies of this order produces the Saul, or 
Sal, the best and most extensively used 
timber of India. 
Diplcrecarpcie. See Dipterace.e. 
Dip'ter-us.* [From his, “twice” or 
“ two,” and nripov, a “ wing.”] Having 
two wings: dip'terous. Applied in the 
plural neuter (Dip'tera) to an order of 
two-winged insects, such as the common 
fly, mosquito, etc. 
Di-rec'tor, o'ris.* [From dir'igo, 
direc'tum, to “guide.”] A grooved in- 
strument for guiding a bistoury, etc., in 
certain surgical operations. 
DIr'I-&ens.* [From the same.] An 
ancient constituent in a prescription, 
meaning that which directs the opera- 
tion of the associated substances- thus, 
nitre in conjunction with squill is diu- 
retic; with guaiacum it is diaphoretic. 
I»ir. Prop. = Directiu'ne Pro'pria.* 
“With a proper direction.” 
]>irt-Eati»g. See Chthonophagia. 
Dis. or I»i. A Latin particle usually 
signifying “apart,” implying separation 
or division, as in divellent. It is some- 
times negative or privative, as in dis- 
please (Lat. displi'ceo). 
| Disci tor'mis: from 
dis'cus, a “disk.”] Resembling a disk; 
discoid. 
Itis eakl. [ IHscoi rics: from Homs, 
a “quoit,” and ethos, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a quoit, or disk; quoit-shaped: 
disciform. 
Discus. See Disk. 
Dis-cuss'. [From discu'tin, discus'- 
sum, literally, to “strike apart;” hence, 
to “scatter,” to “dissipate.”] To pro- 
mote or effect the resolution of tumors, 
etc. 
Discutient, [Discu'- 
ticns; from the same.] Applied to 
substances having the property of pro- 
moting the resolution of tumors. 
l>is-ease'. [From the French des, 
negative, and aise, “ease.” Lat. Mor'- 
bus; Fr. Maladie, m&.'li'd6\] Any de- 
parture from the state of health. 
Dis-in-fect/ants. [From dis, nega- 
tive, and inji'cio, infec'tum, to “corrupt,” 
to “infect.”] Applied to agents which 
destroy the causes of infection. Among 
these agents, chlorine is one of the most 
efficient. 
Dis-in-fect'injj. [Disinfi eieas; 
from the same.] Purifying the atmo- 
sphere from contagious influences. 
Dis-in-ffec’tion. [ Disinfcc'tio, 
o’nis ; from the same.] The act of puri- 
fying the atmosphere from contagious 
influences by renewing the air, or by 
chemical action. 
Disk. [Dis'cns; from Homs, a 
“quoit.”] The round, central part of a 
compound flower; also, the whole sur- 
face within the margin of a leaf. 
IMs-lo-c«'tion. [Disloca'tio, o'»«"«,• 
from dis, “ division,” and lo'eo, to 
“place.”] Displacement of a bone of a 
movable articulation from its natural 
situation; luxation. 
Dispensaire. See Dispensary, and 
Dispensatory. 
IMs-pen'sa-rjf. [Lat. Dispensa'- 
riuin: Fr. Dispensaire, d£'spoN°'saiR'; 
from dispen'so, dispensa'tum, to “dis- 
pense,” to “distribute.”] A place where 
168 DIS 
DIV 
medicines are prepared and dispensed. 
Generally applied to a charitable insti- 
tution for the sick poor of large com- 
munities. 
Dls-pen'sa-to-rjr. [Lat. Oispeiisa- 
to’rlum; Fr. Dispensaire, d6'spoNa>saiR'; 
from the same.] A book which describes 
the various articles of the Materia Me- 
dics and gives directions for preparing 
and compounding medicines. 
I»l*-place'ment. A process applied 
to pharmaceutical preparations, and 
founded on the long-known fact that 
any quantity of liquid with which a 
powder may be saturated, when put into 
a proper apparatus, may be displaced 
by an additional quantity of that or of 
another liquid. 
Dis-sect'ed. [DKsec'tus. See Dis- 
section.] Incised; cut. 
llis-Hcction. [Dissec'tlo, o'nis; 
from dis, “ apart,” and se'co, sec’turn, to 
“cut.”] The cutting up of an animal or 
vegetable in order to ascertain its struc- 
ture. 
Oi-sper'ma-touH. or Di-sper'- 
nious. [Dlsper'matus; from Hi, 
“twice” or “two,” and airippa, a “seed.”] 
Having two seeds. 
IMs-sepi-ment. [DiHseptmen'- 
tura; from disse'pio, to “separate.”] A 
separation, or partition, that divides the 
cells of a capsule. 
llis-tou'tion. [nisten'tio; from 
dis, “apart,” and ten'do, ten’turn or 
ten'sum, to “stretch.”] The dilatation 
of a hollow viscus by too great accumu- 
lation of its contents. 
Dls-tlelil-a,* Din-ti-clii'a-sis.® 
[From Hi, “twice” or “two,” and tm'yo;, 
a “row.”] An affection in which the 
tarsus has a double row of eyelashes, 
one inwards against the eye, the other 
outwards. 
Dis'tbehous. [ I) is't loll us: from 
the same.] Double ranked; ranged in 
two rows, like the leaves of certain 
grasses. 
Distillatio per Descensum. See 
Descensus. 
Dis-til-la'tion. [IMstilla'tio, or, 
more correctly, Oestilla'tio; from dis- 
til'lo, distilla'tum, to “drop by little and 
little,” or destil'lo, destilla'turn, to “drop 
down” or “fall in drops.”] The process 
of separating the volatile from the more 
fixed parts by heat. 
Ristilla'tion, Rn-struc'tlve. The 
decomposition of bodies by strong heat 
in one vessel, and collection of the pro- 
ducts in another. 
Dis'to-ma Ilp-pat'I-nim.* [From 
tii's, “twice” or “two,” aropa, a “mouth,” 
and irnariKog, “belonging to the liver.”] 
The fluke (Fr. Uoure, doov), a worm 
sometimes found in the liver and gall- 
bladder of man, but more commonly in 
those of sheep, goats, etc. It is an ob- 
ovate flat worm, nearly an inch in length 
and about the third of an inch broad. 
From the gall-bladder it occasionally 
passes into the intestinal canal. 
IHs-tor'tion. [Ri.stor'tio, »'nis; 
from dis, “apart” or “awry,” and tor'- 
queo, tor'turn, to “twist.”] Unnatural 
direction or disposition of parts, as cur- 
vature of the spine, etc. 
IMs-tor'tor.® [From the same.] That 
which distorts. See next article. 
IMstor'tor O'ris.* (“Distorter of 
the Mouth.”) A name given to one of 
the zygomatic muscles, from its action in 
distorting the mouth in rage, grinning, 
etc. 
Dis-trich’i-a. The same as Dis- 
TICHIA. 
I>is’trix.‘ [From tit'?, “twice,” or 
“double,” and 0|a'J, the “hair.”] Forky 
hair; a disease of the hair in which it 
splits at the end. 
IH-u-re'sis.* [From 6ia, “through,” 
and oipko), to “pass water.”] Increased 
discharge of urine, from whatever cause. 
I>i-u-ret'ic. [IMuret'icus; from 
the same.] Belonging to diuresis ; caus- 
ing diuresis. 
Iti-iir'nul. [IHur'nus; from di'es, 
a “day.”] Belonging to the daytime. 
Applied to a family of rapacious birds 
which fly chiefly by day, to distinguish 
them from others, such as owls, that fly 
by night. Also applied to a family of 
insects. 
Ri-ur-na'tion. [From dinr’nus, 
“daily.”] A term introduced by M. Hall 
to express the state of some animals, 
the bat, for example, during the day, 
contrasted with their activity at night. 
]>iv. = Div'ide.* “ Divide.” 
I>i-v&r'I-cate. [Divarica'tus; from 
dirar'ico, divarica'tum, to “stride” or 
“straddle.”] Straddling; diverging at 
an obtuse angle. 
I>I-vftr-I-ca'tion. [From the same.] 
The bifurcation, or separating into two, 
of an artery, a nerve, etc. 
I>i-vel'lent. [flivel lens; from dis, 
“apart,” and vel'lo, vul'sum, to “pluck,” 
to “pull.”] Pulling asunder, or sepa- 
rating. 
Divcllent Affinity. See Affinitv, 
Divellent. 
169 DIV 
DOR 
Di-vcr-sl-flo'rus.* [From diver'sus, 
“different,” and jios, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing different flowers: diversiflo'rate. 
Di-ver-tic'u-lum.* [From diver'to, 
to “turn aside.”] A variation or de- 
parture from the natural conditions; a 
malformation. 
Di-vul'sion. or Divulsio.® di-vul'- 
she-o. [See Divellent.] Applied in 
Surgery to the forcible separation or 
laceration of a part. 
Dizziness. See Dinus, and Vertico. 
Dobereiner's (do'be-rfnerz) Lump. 
A method of producing an instantaneous 
light by throwing a jet of hydrogen gas 
upon recently prepared spongy platinum; 
the metal instantly becomes red-hot, and 
then sets fire to the gas. This discovery 
wus made by Professor Dobereiner, of 
Jena, in 1824. 
Do$-i-ma'sI-a.* [From 6oKip.dX,u}, to 
“test,” to “examine,” to “prove.”] 
Dof'imacy. The art of examining fos- 
sils or metals to ascertain their compo- 
sition. 
Docima'sia Pul-mo'niim,8 or 
Docima'sia I*ul-mo-na'lis.* (“Test- 
ing of the Lungs.”) In Medical Juris- 
prudence, the testing of the lungs of a 
dead new-born child, in order to ascer- 
tain whether it has ever respired; in 
other words, whether it was born alive 
or dead. 
Dof-i-inas’tic. [Docimas'ticus.] 
Belonging to Docimasia. 
Docimas'tic Art. The art of assay- 
ing. 
Dock, Soar. The Ru'mex aceto'sa. 
Dock, Wa ter. The common name 
for the Rumex hydrolapatlium. 
Doctor, o'ris.* [From do'ceo, doc'- 
tum, to “teach.”] Literally, a “teacher” 
or “instructor.” A degree or title con- 
ferred by the Medical Faculty of a uni- 
versity, or college, on “those who have 
successfully undergone previous examina- 
tion and trial,” constituting them physi- 
cians; also, a title conferred on those 
who have received the highest degree in 
law or divinity. The appellation origi- 
nally implied that he who bore it was so 
thoroughly conversant with his art or 
profession as to be qualified to teach it. 
Do-dcc'a-g-on. [ Dodccago'nuai; 
from <i lAssaC, “ twelve,” and ycovia, an 
“angle.”] A figure having twelve sides 
and angles. 
[Dmlecago'nus.] 
Belonging to a dodecagon. 
Rodcc-a-ho'dral. [ Dodccahe'- 
drus.] Belonging to a dodecahedron. 
Do'deo-a-he'dron. [From Mesa, 
and eipa, a “ base.”] A solid figure of 
twelve equal bases or sides. 
Do-de-can'drl-a.* [From idAnca, 
“twelve,” and dciip, a “man” or “male.”] 
The eleventh class of plants in the 
Linnman system, characterized by the 
presence of from twelve to nineteen 
stamens. 
Do-de-can'drI-oti«. [I>od«*enn'- 
driias: from Sdtcica, and dvtjp, drApdf, a 
“man” or “male.”] Having twelve 
stamens. See Dodecandria. 
Dog-Rose. The Rosa canina, or hip- 
tree. 
Ho-Iab rl-lorm. [Dolabrifor- 
niis: from dolab'ra, a “hatchet” or 
“axe.”] Having the form of a hatchet. 
Do'li ( ’a'pax.® (“Capable of De- 
ceit.”) Applied in Medical Jurispru- 
dence to a criminal fpr whom insanity is 
pleaded in excuse, when inquiry is made 
as to his mental capacity when the crime 
was committed. 
Dol'i-elios.® [Gr. “long.”] 
A Linnsean genus of the class Riadel- 
phia, natural order Leguminosse. 
Dol'ichos I*ru'ri-(‘iis.: (“Itching 
Dolichos.”) The cowliage, or cow-itch, 
now called Mucu'na pru’riens. 
Dol'o-mitc. A species of magnesian 
limestone. 
Do'Ior,* plural I)o-Io'reS. [From 
do'leo, to “be in pain,” to “ache;” Fr. 
Douleur, doo'luR'.] Pain. 
l»o'lor fap'I-tis.® (“Pain of the 
Head.”) See Cephalalgia. 
Do'lor (tou timu. (“Pain of the 
Teeth.”) See Odontalgia. 
I>«'l»r Fa-ele'i.® (“ Pain of the 
Face.”) See Neuralgia. 
Dom-bcy'a Ex-tcl sa. 8 A tree grow- 
ing in South America, and yielding the 
glutinous, milk-like fluid known as Dom- 
beya Turpentine. 
Do-re'ma. ati*.* [Gr. Swpr,/ia, a 
“gift.”] A Linna'an genus of the class 
Pentandria, natural order Umbelliferm. 
Dore'ma Am-nio-iii'a-ouiii.® The 
systematic name of the plant which pro- 
duces Ammoniacnm: gum-ammoniac. 
Do-ron'I-enm Mon-fa'nnmJ An- 
other name for Arnica Montana. 
Dorsad. Dorsal (used adverbially). 
Dor sal. [Dorsalis: from dor1 sum, 
the “back.”] Belonging to the back. 
Applied by Dr. Barclay as meaning “to- 
wards the back.” 
Dor's!,* the genitive of Dorsum, 
which see. 
Dor'si-brancti-I-a'tus.* [From 
170 dor'sum, the “back,” and hran'chite, 
“lungs.”] Dorsibran'chiate. Applied in 
the plural neuter (Bornbranchia'ta) to 
an order of Articulata having hranchise 
equally distributed along the body. 
Dor'so-. A prefix denoting connec- 
tion with the back; as, Bor'so-Cos'tal, 
having connection with the back and 
ribs. 
Dor-ste'nI-a.* A genus of urtica- 
ceous plants, in which the flowers are 
arranged upon a fleshy receptacle, usu- 
ally flat and of a very variable form. 
Dor'sum,* gen. Stor'si. [Gr. vwrov; 
Fr. Bos, do.] The back of man or beast. 
The superior surface of other parts, as of 
the foot, hand, etc. 
I»«we. [Do'sts; from iiicogi, to “give.”] 
Literally, “any thing given” or “admin- 
istered.” The determinate quantity of a 
medicine prescribed or given to patients 
at one time. It is obvious that the same 
quantity of any medicine should not be 
given to an infant as to an adult. The 
difference of sex, peculiarities of consti- 
tution, and the previous habits of the 
patient must also be taken into consider- 
ation by the judicious physician. It 
may be stated, in a general way, that 
the dose for an infant one year old 
should not be more than about one- 
twelfth part of a dose for a grown per- 
son ; for a child three years of age, one- 
sixth; for one seven years old, one- 
third; and for one of twelve years, one- 
half as much as for an adult. Women 
usually require smaller doses of medicine 
than men. For a table of doses, see 
Appendix. 
Dos'sil. A small roll or pledget of 
lint for introduction into wounds, etc. 
Doth-in-en-ter-i'tis,® or, more pro- 
perly, I>o-thi-en-en-ter-i'tis.* [From 
Mirii/, a “boil,” and tvrtpov, an “intes- 
tine.”] Enlargement and inflammation 
of the glandular follicles of the intestinal 
canal. 
Doub’ler. An instrument used in 
electrical experiments, and so contrived 
that, by executing certain movements, 
very small quantities of electricity com- 
municated to part of the apparatus, may 
be continually doubled until it becomes 
perceptible by means of an electroscope. 
DoucfrAmtre, dooss AmeR'. [From 
donx, “sweet,” and amer, “bitter.”] The 
French for Dulcamara, which see. 
l»«ucSie (Fr.), doosh. Literally, a 
“pumping, as at the bath.” The sudden 
descent of a stream or column of water, 
usually cold, on the head, or other part. 
DOR 
The douche is often found to be an ex- 
cellent means of taming a furious ma- 
niac. 
Douleur. See Dolor. 
l»ouve, doov. The French name 
for the Fluke, an intestinal worm. See 
Distoma Hepaticum. 
Dover's Powder. The Pule is Ipe- 
cacuanha composites. 
Dove’tail Joint. The suture of 
serrated articulation, as of the bones of 
the head. 
Drach. — Drach’ma.* A “ drachm.” 
IH-nclim. drain. [ Drach ma: from 
6pa\ixn, a Greek weight of about sixty- 
six grains avoirdupois.] In Pharmacy, 
a weight of sixty grains, or three scru- 
ples, or the eighth part of an ounce. 
[From dra'co, a “dragon.”] 
A precipitate formed by mixing cold 
water with a concentrated alcoholic 
solution of dragon’s blood. 
Draeontiinn,* dra-kon'she-um. A 
genus of plants of the Linnaean class 
Tetrandria, natural order Aracete. Also, 
the Pharmaeopceial name (U.S. Ph.) of 
the root of the Dracontiumfeetidum. It 
is stimulant, antispasmodie, and nar- 
cotic ; and it has been highly recom- 
mended in asthma. 
Uracon'tiuau Fcet'Hlum* (fet'e- 
dum). The systematic name of the 
skunk-cabbage, a plant growing abun- 
dantly in many parts of the Northern 
and Middle United States. See preced- 
ing article. 
I>rjwune'u-lus.* [Diminutive of 
dra'co, a “dragon;” Gr. <5p«Ka>»'.] The 
Guinea-Worm, which breeds under the 
skin, and is common among the natives 
of Guinea. It is also termed the Bra- 
cunculus gordius. See Guinea-Worm. 
I>r:i-gan'tin, or Dra-gan liiic. A 
mucilage obtained from gum traga- 
canth. 
Drag’on's Rlood. [San'guis Dra- 
co'nis.] The dark, concrete, resinous 
substance- obtained from the Calamus 
Rotang, or, according to some writers, 
the Bractena draco, Pterocarpus draco, 
and the Pterocarpus santalinus, etc. 
Dras'tic. [Dras'ticus; from fpeum- 
k6;, “working,” “active,” “efficacious.”] 
A term applied to purgative medicines 
which are powerful or violent in their 
operation. 
Draught, draft. [Iffaus'tus.] A 
potion, or what a person drinks at once. 
A form of medicine used 
in farriery, analogous to a draught. 
Uri'myW* [From ipipvs, “pungent.”] 
DRI 
171 DRI 
DUC 
A Linnrcan genus of the class Dodeccm- 
dria, natural order Mai/no/iaccfr. 
Dri'inys Win-te'ri,® called also 
Dri'mys Ar-o-mat’I-ca.# The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which produces 
the Winter’s bark. See Wintera. 
Driv'cl-ling. Involuntary flow of 
the saliva, as in old age, infancy, and 
idiocy; slavering. 
Droit, daw ft (“ right,” or “ straight”). 
The 1’rench term for Rectus, applied to 
various muscles of the body. 
Drop. [Out'ta.] The smallest quan- 
tity of a liquid. See Minim. 
Drop, Serene. See Gutta Serena. 
Drop'sy. [Lat. Hy 'drops; Gr. 
iSpioxj/, from vdiop, “water.”] The disease 
Hydrops, variously distinguished accord- 
ing to the part affected. 
Dropsy of the Belly. See As- 
cites. 
Dropsy of the Brain. See Hy- 
drocephalus. 
Dropsy of the Chest. See Hydro- 
thorax. 
Dropsy of the Flesh. See Ana- 
sarca. 
Dropsy of the Joint. See Hydrops 
Articuli. 
Dropsy of the ftpine. Sec Hydro- 
rachitis. 
Dropsy of the Testicle. See Hy- 
drocele. 
Dropsy of the Fterus. See Hy- 
DROMETRA. 
Droseracese,® dros-er-a'she-e. [From 
Bros’era, one of the genera.] Sun- 
dews. A natural order of exogenous 
herbaceous plants, found in nearly all 
parts of the world where there are 
marshes. It includes the Bionea (Fly- 
Catcher), remarkable for the irritability 
of the hairs with which its leaves are 
bordered. 
Drowning. See Submersio. 
Drowsiness. See Lethargy-, Som- 
nolentia. 
Drug. (Fr. Brogue, drog.) [Pro- 
bably from the Anglo-Saxon Brugan, to 
“dry,” or from essentially the same root 
in some cognate language, as a large 
majority of drugs are vegetable sub- 
stances that have been dried in order to 
preserve them.] A term originally, and 
still most frequently, applied to medi- 
cines in their simple form, but also used 
to include all substances which are em- 
ployed as medicines. 
Drum of the Far. See Ty'mpanum. 
Drunkenness. See Temulentia. 
Drupaceay* dru-pa'she-e. [See next 
article.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees and shrubs, found in cold and 
temperate climates, including the peach, 
plum, almond, and cherry. Prussic or 
hydrocyanic acid abounds in the leaves 
and kernels of the fruit. 
Uru>i»aee«us. [ltrii|ia'mm; from 
dnt'pa, & “drupe.”] Having drupes. See 
DFtUPACE/E. 
Drupe. [Itru'im; from ipirmra, a 
“ripe olive.’’] A fleshy fruit containing 
a stone or nut, as the cherry, etc. 
Dru'sy. Applied in Mineralogy to 
a surface coated with a number of minute 
crystals. 
Dry Belly-Ache. The Colica Pic- 
tonum. 
Dry tupping. The application of 
the cupping-glass without scarification, 
in order to produce revulsion of blood 
from any part of the body. 
Dry File. The name of a galvanic 
apparatus, formed without any acid or 
liquid, usually constructed with pairs of 
metallic plates separated by layers of 
farinaceous paste mixed with common 
salt. 
Dry Rot. A species of decay to 
which wood is subject. The wood loses 
all its cohesion, and becomes friable, and 
fungi generally appear on it. The first 
destructive change is probably of a 
chemical kind. 
Dry-o-bftl'a-nops Ar-o-inat I-ea.* 
A tree of the order Dipteracese, yielding 
a liquid called camphor oil and a crys- 
talline solid termed Sumatra or Borneo 
Camphor. 
Dryobal'anops t'ain’plio-ra.® The 
tree which affords camphor in greatest 
quantity. 
Du-al'I-ty. [Dual'itas. n'tis ; from 
dua'lis, “pertaining to two.”] A term 
used in reference to a theory that the 
two hemispheres of the brain are capa- 
ble of acting independently of each other. 
Duet of Ste'no. The excretory duet 
of the parotid gland. 
Duct of Whar'ton. [Duc tus 
Wliartonia'nus; Duc tus Saliva'ris 
Infe'rior.] The excretory duct of the 
submaxillary gland. These two last, 
with the sublingual, constitute the sali- 
vary ducts. 
Duc-til'I-ty. [Duetil'itas. n'tis ; 
from du'co, due'turn, to “draw.”] A 
property by which bodies can be drawn 
out as into wire. 
Ducts of Hell ini (bel-lee'ne). [Duc- 
tus Rellinia'ni.] The orifices of the 
uriniferous canals of the kidneys. 
172 DUC 
DUP 
Duc'tus,* plural Duc'tus. [From 
da'co, due'turn, to “lead.”] A canal, or 
duct. 
Duc'tus ad fVa'sum® (“ Duct [lead- 
ing] to the Nose”), otherwise called 
Duct. A duct extending 
from the lachrymal sac and opening into 
the inferior meatus of the nose. 
Duc'tus A-quo'si.® (“Watery 
Ducts.”) Lymphatic vessels; the aque- 
ous ducts. 
Duc'tus Ar-te-rl-o'sus.® (“Arte- 
rial Duct.”) A blood-vessel peculiar to 
the foetus, communicating directly be- 
tween the pulmonary artery and the 
aorta. 
Duc'tus Com-mu'nis Chol-ed'o- 
chus.® (“ Common Bile-receiving 
Duct.”) The bile-duct formed by the 
junction of the cystic and hepatic ducts. 
It conveys the bile from the liver into 
the duodenum. 
Duc'tus £$rs'tl-cus.* (“Cystic 
Duct.”) The excretory duct which leads 
from the neck of the gall-bladder to 
join the hepatic, forming with it the 
Ductus communis choledochus. 
Duc'tus Def'er-ens.® Another name 
for the Vas Deferens, which see. 
Duc'tus E-jac- u-la-to' rl-us® 
(“Ejaculatory Duct”), plural Duc'tus 
E-jac-u-la-to'rl-l. A duct within the 
prostate gland, opening into the urethra, 
into which it conveys the semen: it is 
about three-fourths of an inch long. 
Duc'tus Gal-ac-tof'er-i or I.ac- 
tif'er-i.® (“Milk-bearing or Milk- 
conveying Ducts.”) Milk-ducts arising 
from the glandular grains of the mamma 
and terminating in sinuses near the base 
of the nipple. 
Duc'tus He-pat'I-cus.® (“Hepatic 
Duct.”) The duct which is formed by 
the union of the proper ducts of the liver. 
See Ductus Communis Choledochus. 
Duc'tus Iu-ci-so'rl-us.® A con- 
tinuation of the fora'men incisi'vum be- 
tween the palatine processes in to the nose. 
Ductus Dachrymalis. See Duc- 
tus AD NASUM. 
Duc’tus I.y 111-phat T-cus Dex'- 
ter.* (“Right Lymphatic Duct.”) A 
duct formed by the lymphatics of the 
right side of the thorax, etc., and open- 
ing into the junction of the right jugu- 
lar and subclavian veins. 
Duc'tus Pan-ere-at'I-cus.® (“ Pan- 
creatic Duct.”) The pancreatic duct, 
which joins the gall-duct at its entrance 
into the duodenum. Near the duode- 
num this duct is joined by a smaller one, 
called Ductus Pancreaticus Minor (“Lesser 
Pancreatic Duct”). 
Duc'tus Pro-stat'I-ci.® (“ Prostatio 
Ducts.”) The ducts of the prostate gland, 
from twenty to twenty-five in number, 
opening into the prostatic urethra on 
each side of the veru montanum. 
Duc'tus Sal-i-va ris In-fe'rl-oiv® 
(“Inferior Salivary Duct.”) See Duct 
of Wiiarton. 
Ductus Tfooracicus. See Thoracic 
Duct. 
Duc'tus Tho-rav'I-cus Dex ter.* 
(“Right Thoracic Duct.”) A designa- 
tion of the right great lymphatic vein, 
formed of lymphatic vessels arising from 
the axillary ganglia of the right side. 
Duc'tus Ve-no'sus.* (“Venous 
Duct.”) A blood-vessel peculiar to the 
foetus, communicating from the Vena cava 
ascendeiis to the Vena portse. 
Duelech, dii'leK. A term employed 
by Van Hclmont to denote the state in 
which the spirit of urine is precipitated 
when it forms calculous concretions. 
Dul-ca-ma'ra.® [From dul'cis, 
“sweet,” and ama'rus, “bitter.”] (Fr. 
Douce-Ami-re, dooss i'meR'.) Bitter- 
sweet. The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
the stalks of the Solatium dulcamara. 
Dulcamara possesses narcotic, diuretic, 
and diaphoretic properties. It is chiefly 
employed as a remedy in diseases of the 
skin, such as psoriasis,lepra, etc. 
[From dul'cis, “ sweet.”] 
Sweetness. See next article. 
Dulce'clo Spu-to'rum.* [See 
Sputa.] Literally, “sweetness of the 
sputa, or spittle.” The name given by 
Frank to that form of ptyalism in which 
the saliva has a sweet or mawkish taste. 
Dumb. See Mute. 
Dumbness. See Aphonia. 
Du-mbse'. [From du’mus, a “bush.”] 
Bushy or shrubby. 
Du-o-de'num.® [From duode’ni, 
“twelve.”] The first portion of the 
small intestine, its length being about 
twelve fingers’ breadth. 
Du'pU-cate. [Duplica'tus; from 
du'plico, duplica'tum, to “double.”] 
Doubled. 
Du'plum.® [From du'o, “two,” and 
pli'ea, a “fold.”] The double of any 
thing. As a prefix, duplo signifies “two- 
fold :” as, (Zf(j>Zo-carburet, twofold car- 
buret. 
Dupuytren (dii'pw&'troN®'), Com- 
pressor of. An instrument invented 
by Dupuytren, for compressing the 
femoral artery. 
173 DUR 
DYS 
Du’ra Ma’tcr.* (The “Hard Mo- 
ther.” Fr. Dure Mere, dim meR.) The 
tough external membrane of the brain, 
once supposed to give origin to all the 
other membranes of the body. 
Du-ra'incn.* [From du'ro, dura'turn, 
to “harden,” or du'rus, “hard.”] The 
interior, more deeply-colored, and harder 
portion of the trunk and branches of 
trees, commonly called heart-wood, as 
distinguished from the exterior portion, 
alburnum or sap-wood. 
Dutch Gold. An alloy of copper 
and zinc, in which the zinc is in greater 
proportion than it exists in brass. It is 
allied to tombac and pinchbeck. 
Dutch Biq'uid. The chloride of 
olefiant gas; also called Dutch oil. 
Dutch Min'e-ral. Metallic copper 
beaten out in very thin leaves. 
Dutch Oil. See Dutch Liquid. 
Dutch Pink. Chalk, or whiting, 
dyed yellow with a decoction of birch- 
leaves, French berries, and alum. 
Dye. See Dyes. 
Dyers’ Alkanet. Sec Anciiusa 
Tinctoria. 
Dyers’ Broom, or Dyers’ Weed. 
See Genista Tinctoria. 
Byers’ Oak. See Quercus Tinc- 
toria. 
Dyes. Coloring matters, whether 
vegetable, animal, or mineral, used to 
impart to cloth, yarn, etc., a color dif- 
ferent from that which they already 
possess. 
Dy-na'nii-a.® [From iivapi;, “ pow- 
er.”] Vital power, or strength. 
Dy-nam'le. [Dynain'ieus; from 
the same.] Belonging to tho vital 
power, or strength. 
Dy-uain'ics. [Dynam'ica: from 
the same.] The science of the forces of 
bodies in relation to each other. Vital 
Dynamics is the science which treats of 
vital forces. 
Dy-nam-om'c-tcr. [Dynamom'- 
etriiin; from Mn>api;, “power,” and 
pbpov, a “ measure.”] An instrument by 
which to measure strength and power. 
Bys. [Gr. M;.'] A Greek particle sig- 
nifying “difficult,” or “ with difficulty,” 
“bad,” or “badly,” “painfully,” etc. 
Dys-ses-the'si-a.* [From Ms, “dif- 
ficult,” and aiaOavouat, to “perceive.”] 
Dulness of any of the senses, particu- 
larly touch. Applied to an order of the 
class Jjocales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
[From Mg, “ dif- 
ficult,” and Ktciliirotn;, the “act of swal- 
lowing.”] Difficulty of swallowing 
liquids. A term applied by Dr. Mead 
to hydrophobia. 
[From <{vs. “ rliffi- 
cult, ’ and kivcoi, to “move.”] Diminu- 
tion of the power of motion. Applied 
in the plural (Dy seine' six) to an order 
of the class Locales of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy- 
Dys-cra'sl-a.* [From Ivf, “bad,” 
and xpaoi;, a “ tempering” or “tempera- 
ment.”] A faulty state of the constitu. 
tion : dys'erasy. 
Dys-e-co'I-q.® [From lv;, “difficult,” 
and axon, “ hearing.”] Diminished or 
impaired hearing; deafness. A genus 
of the order Dysxsthcsise, class Locales, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Dys’en-tfr-f. [Dyscnfa'ria; frem 
S6s, “ difficult,” or “ painful,” and hmpov, 
a “bowel.”] A disease marked by much 
griping, tenesmus, and stools consisting 
chiefly of mucus, often mixed with blood. 
Dys'Iys-in. [From (’ey, “ difficult,” 
and \vats, “solution.”] Literally, “dif- 
ficult of solution.” Applied to an in- 
gredient of bilin which remains undis- 
solved as a resinous mass during the 
solution and digestion of bilin in dilute 
hydrochloric acid. 
Djhs-men-or-rltce'a.* [From ii;, 
“difficult,” /nje, a “month,” and pio, to 
“flow.”] (Fr. Dysmenorrhee, 
no'ri'.) Difficult menstruation. 
DJs-o'deA.* [From evs, “bad,” and 
to “smell.”] Having a bad smell. 
A term applied by Hippocrates to a fetid 
disorder of the small intestines. 
Dy s-op'si-a.* [From lv;, “ difficult,” 
or “painful,” and bipt;, “vision.”] Pain- 
ful or defective vision. A genus of the 
order Dysiesthesix, class Locales, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
Dys-o-rex'I-a.® [From tv;, “bad,” 
or “ difficult,” and fipc%ij, “ appetite.”] De- 
praved appetite. Applied in the plural 
to an order of the class Locales of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
Dys-os-phre'sI-9.* [From Us, “dif- 
ficult,” and Sotppricis, “ smell.”] Impaired 
condition of the sense of smell. 
[From lv;, “diffi- 
cult,” and 7r£7rrco, to “concoct.”] Indi- 
gestion : dyspep'sy. A genus of the 
order Adynamise, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
DJs-pha'£l-a.» [From iv;. “diffi- 
cult,” and <j>ayo. to “eat.”] Dys'phagy ; 
difficulty in swallowing. A genus of tho 
order Dyscinesite, class Locales, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. See Acataposis. 
Dys-plio'iil-a.* [From Ms, “ diffi- 
174 cult,” and <ptovfj, “voice.”] Difficulty of 
speaking. 
Dys-pho'rl-a.® [From iv;, “diffi- 
cult,” and ipepoi, to “bear.”] Inquietude: 
a difficulty of enduring one’s self. It 
embraces the affections of anxiety and 
fidyets. 
Byspncea,* disp-ne'a. [From 6vg, 
“difficult,” anil irveco, to “ breathe.”] (Fr. 
Dyspnee, Difficult or labored 
breathing. A genus of the order Spasmi, 
class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
3>ys-s|M>r-ma's«-n,* ]>yvsper-ma- 
tis'mus.* [From 66;, “difficult,” and 
<nupfia, “ seed.”] Difficult or imperfect 
DYS 
discharge of semen: dyssper'matism. 
A genus of the order Epischeses, class 
Locales, of Cullen's Nosology. 
Bys-thet'i-ca.* [From 6vg, “bad,” 
and Tidriyi, to “place,” to “make,” to 
“ constitute.”] The name of an order 
in Dr. Good’s Nosology, denoting dis- 
eases dependent upon a bad habit or 
constitution of the body. 
Dys-u'ri-a.* [From <5“difficult,” 
and ovpov, the “ urine.”] Difficult or 
painful and incomplete discharge of 
urine. A genus of the order Epischeses, 
class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
The same as Dysuria. 
EBE 
E. 
K, or Kx. A Latin particle signify- 
ing “ out,” “ out of.” It is sometimes 
privative. See Ex. 
Ear. [Lat. Au'ris; Fr. Oreille, o'rel.] 
The organ of hearing, comprehending 
the external, middle, and internal ear. 
Ear, Inflammation of. See Otitis. 
Kar-Aehe. See Otalgia. 
Kar-Wax. See Cerumen. 
Kared. See Auriculate. 
Karth [Ter'ra], in popular language 
denotes the friable matter or soil on the 
surface of the globe which we inhabit. 
In Chemistry, the earths are solid, in- 
combustible substances, entering largely 
into the composition of the mineral 
strata, and not convertible into metals 
by any of the ordinary methods of re- 
duction. Many of them, such as lime, 
magnesia, baryta, and strontia, like 
alkalies combine with acids to form what 
in Chemistry are termed salts. The 
four here named are called alkaline 
earths, as they have both an alkaline 
taste and change vegetable blues to 
green. 
Karth-Batti. [Arena'tio.] A rem- 
edy consisting literally of a bath of 
earth or sand (usually hot) with which 
the patient is covered. 
Karth, Japan. See Acacia Cate- 
chu. 
Karth of Alum. A preparation used 
in making paints, and procured by pre- 
cipitating the alumina from alum dis- 
solved in water, by adding ammonia or 
potassa. 
Karth of Bone, or Boaie-Karth. 
A phosphate of lime, sometimes called 
bone phosphate, existing in bones after 
calcination. 
Kan, o. The French term for “water;” 
the name of a distilled water. 
Eau de Bababe, o deh bAbiib'. A 
liquor manufactured in Barbadoes from 
lemon-peel. 
Kau de Cologne, 5 deh ko-lon' (or 
ko'lon'). [A'qua Kolonien'sis.] Co- 
logne-water ; a perfume, and an evapora- 
ting lotion often used in headache, fever, 
etc. 
Kan de Javelle, o deh zhAvel'. 
Bleaching liquid, or the A'qua Alkali'na 
Oxymuriat'tea of the Dublin Pharmaco- 
poeia. 
Kau de Knee, 0 deh Hiss'. The 
Tincturn Ammonite Composita of the 
Pharmacopoeias. The French name is 
derived from that of an apothecary of 
Lille. 
Kau de \aj)lire. 5 deh n^fit'. 
A bitter aromatic water, prepared by 
distilling the leaves of the Seville orange 
with water. 
Kail de Rabel, o deh rS/bel'. [A'qua 
Babellia'na.] So named from its in- 
ventor, the empiric Babel. It consists 
of one part of sulphuric acid and three 
of rectified spirit of wine, constituting a 
sort of sulphuric ether. 
Kail de Vie. [A'qua Vi'tse.] See 
Brandy. 
Kan Mfidicinale d’ Husson, o mA- 
dAsAn&l' A celebrated remedy 
for gout, prepared as follows. Mace- 
rate two ounces of the root of colchicum, 
cut in slices, in four fluidounces of 
Spanisli white wine, and filter. 
Kbenaoese,* eb-e-na'she-e. [From 
Eb'enum, “ebony.”] A natural order of 
exogenous trees and shrubs, mostly In- 
dian and tropical. Some species are 
175 EBL 
ECL 
remarkable for the hardness and black- 
ness of the wood, as ebony and ironwood. 
The Jussieuan name of this order is 
Guaiacanse. 
Eb'la-nln, or Eb'la-nlne. Pyrox- 
anthin, a substance obtained from raw 
pyroxylic spirit. 
E-1» r ac' U‘-ate. [ El* rac tea't us; 
from e, priv., and brae’tea, a“ floralleaf.”] 
Without a floral leaf. 
Eb-iil-ll'llon. [Ebulli'tio, o'nis; 
from ebul'lio, to “bubble up” or “boil 
up.”] The act or state of boiling. 
Eb-ur-na'tioii. [From e'bor,“ ivory.”] 
A state of the osseous system in which 
there is an increased and morbid deposit 
of phosphate of lime, especially on the 
cartilages of the joints. 
Eburiilbcation. See Eburnation. 
E'bur 1st it ill \igruni (“Ivory 
Burnt Black”), called Cologne-black, or 
Ivory-black. Charcoal prepared from 
charred ivory shavings. 
Ec (ck), an d Ex (if) before a vowel. 
A Greek preposition signifying “out,” 
“out of,” “from.” etc. 
Ecaille, 4'kal'. The French term 
for Scale, which see. 
E-cAI-ca-ra'tus.® [From e, priv., 
and cal'car, a “ spur.”] Without a spur, 
or horn. 
E-cau'date. [Ecauda'tus; from c, 
priv., and cau'da, a “tail.”] Without a 
tail. 
Kc-ba'li-iim Of-fic-I-na'Ie.* An- 
other name for Momor’dica Elate’rium, or 
wild cucumber. 
Ec-bol'ic. [Ecbol'leus; from ckScIX- 
X&>, to “cast out.”] Applied to medicines 
W’hich induce abortion. 
Ec-cen'trio. [Eccen'tricuss from 
ck, “out of,” “from,” and cen'trum, the 
“centre.”] Away from the centre. 
Ec-cen-tric’l-tjl. j Eccentri$'itas, 
a 'tie; from the same.] In Astronomy, 
the distance between the centre of a 
planet’s orbit and the centre of the 
sun. 
Ec-chy-mo'mij, nilxS- [From ckx»- 
jaoto, to “pour out.”] A soft blue swell- 
ing from a bruise; extravasation of 
blood into the cellular tissue. A genus 
of the order Tumores, class Locales, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ec-«toy-inio'sIs.® The same as Ec- 
chymoma, which see. 
Ee-oo-prot'ic. [Eceoprot'icus; 
from ck, “out,” and Ko-rpof, “dung.”] 
Evacuating the contents of the bowels. 
Ec-ori-uolo-gy. [Eccrinolo'gia; 
from cKKpiva), to “secrete,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of the secretions. 
Ke-erit'I-ea.* [From tKKpiv<o, to 
“strain off.”] Diseases of the excernent 
function. The name of a class in Dr. 
Good’s Nosology. 
[From U, “out” or 
“without,” and Kvpois, “gestation.”] 
Extra-uterine foetation. 
Echancriire, 4’shoN°'kRUR'. A 
French term denoting a depression or 
notch in the bones. See Notch. 
Echarpe, i'shanp'. The French for 
the surgical apparatus called a Sling, 
which see. 
Eeh'I-nate, or E-cbi'iiate. [Eclii- 
na'tus; from cxims, the “hedge-hog.”] 
Beset with prickles. 
E«*hine, &’sh6n'. See Spine. 
E-ebln-o-coc'cus.*' [From i\ivof, 
the “hedge-hog,” and kukkos, a “berry.”] 
A species of hydatid. 
E-4'liiii o-<l«‘r'iim-ta. : [Sec Echino- 
Dermatus.] The fourth class of the 
Cycloneura, or Radiata, consisting of 
simple aquatic animals covered with a 
spiny shell or a coriaceous skin. 
F.-cliin o-tler iim-tiis.* [From iyao,, 
the “hedge-hog,” and iippa, the “skin.”] 
Echinoder'matous. Having a skin like 
the Echinus. Applied to a class of Ra- 
diata. Sec Eciiixodekmata. 
E-chiis-o-rlsyn'chus.* [From ryiVoj, 
the “hedge-hog,” and pfiyyo,-, a “beak.”] 
The name for a genus of Entozoa, order 
Ananthocephalise of Kudolphi. 
E-i'hi'ims.® [From cxirog, the “sea- 
urchin.”] A term applied to a calcareous 
petrifaction of the sea-urchin. 
1>-I:ini{i'sy. [ Eclampsia. Ec- 
lampsjs; from UXapmo, to “shine.”] 
Literally, “flashing of light;” “efful- 
gence.” A convulsive disease of in- 
fancy ; also, epilepsy, and the appear- 
ance of flashes of light, forming one of 
its symptoms. Sometimes applied to a 
form of puerperal convulsions resembling 
epilepsy in severity. 
Ee-loc’tic. [Eclec'tieus; from «, 
“ out,” and X£ya>,to “ gather” or “ choose.”] 
Selected, or chosen from among others. 
Applied to an ancient sect of physicians 
(as well as to a school of philosophy), 
who held that we ought not to coniine 
ourselves to one single system or school, 
but to select what is best from all the 
different systems. It was at its acme 
about the beginning of the second cen- 
tury. The name is also applied to a 
modern school of recent origin. 
Ec-L‘g ma,: or Ec-leig'nij*.* [Gr. 
176 ECL 
EEL 
eicXciypa ; from ckKcixco, to “lick up.”] (Fr. 
Loach, lok.) A pharmaceutical prepa- 
ration of a certain consistence and of a 
sweet flavor. See Linctus. 
E-clipse'. [Lat. Kclip'sis; Gr. ck- 
Xeapi;, from cKXctno, to “fail.”] In As- 
tronomy, the obscuration of the light of 
one heavenly body by the intervention 
of another. 
E-clip'tic. [Eclip'ticus.] Belong- 
ing to an eclipse. Applied to an imagi- 
nary circle in the heavens, which the 
sun appears to describe in the course of 
the year; so named because eclipses 
only happen when the moon is in the 
same plane or very near it. 
Eclisse, Akims'. The French for 
Splint, which see. 
E-con'o-mjr. [OEcono'mia; from 
oiiKOi, a “ house,” and vcpio, to “ distribute,” 
to “arrange.”] Literally, “household 
order or arrangement.” Applied to 
order or proper management in doing 
any thing. 
Animal Economy denotes collectively 
all the laws or arrangements which are 
necessary to the animal system. 
Ecorce, AkoRss'. The French term 
for “bark.” See Cortex. 
Ec-phly'sis.* [From cK'{>Xvi,o), to 
“bubble up.”] Vesicular eruption con- 
fined in its action to the surface. This 
term comprehends the several species of 
pompholyx, herpes, rhypia, and eczema. 
Compare Emphlysis. 
Ec-pliro'ni-a." [From CK<j>poiv, “out 
of one’s mind.”] Insanity; craziness; a 
term comprising melancholy and mad- 
ness. 
Ee-pli.y ma. [From to “spring 
out.”] A cutaneous excrescence, in- 
cluding the several species verruca, ca- 
runcula, clavus, callus. 
Ee-py-e'sis.® [From cktcvcw, to “ sup- 
purate.”] Humid scall, including the 
species impetigo, porrigo, ecthyma, and 
scabies. Compare Empyesis. 
Ecraseur, AknAzuR'. [Fr. 2?eraser, 
to “crush.”] Literally, a “crusher.” 
A kind of steel chain tightened by a 
screw, used for removing piles, polypi, 
or malignant growths. 
Ecrouelles, Akroo'ell'. The French 
term for Scrofula, which see. 
Ecstasis. See Ecstasy. 
Ec'sta-sy. [Ec'stasis; from cfiarapat, 
to “be out of one’s senses.”] A total 
suspension of sensibility, voluntary mo- 
tion, and for the most part of mental 
power,—the body erect and inflexible, 
the pulsation and breathing not affected. 
Ec'ta-sis.* [From ck, "out,”and reives, 
to “stretch.”] Extension or expansion. 
Ec-thy'ma, «<**.* [From ckOvo, to 
“break out.”] An eruption of phlyza- 
cious pustules, without fever. 
Ec-to'pl-a.* [From cktotto;, “out of 
place.”] Protrusion, or displacement. 
Applied in the plural to an order of the 
class Locales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ecto'pia Cor'dis.* (“Displacement 
of the Heart.”) Applied to any case 
where the heart is out of its proper 
place or in an unnatural position. 
Ec-top-t£r'y-goid. [Ectoptery- 
goi'des; from ckto;, “without,” and 
TTTtpvyotiirn, “pterygoid.”] A term pro- 
posed by Owen for the transverse bone 
of Cuvier in reptiles. 
Ec-to-zo'on,* plural Kc-to-zoi). 
[From ckt6s, “ without,” and cov, an 
“animal.”] Those parasitic insects 
(such as lice) that infest the surface of 
the body, in contradistinction from the 
Entozoa, which are found within the 
body. 
Ec-tro'pl-um.® [From ck, “out,” 
and rpmo, to “turn.”] Eversion of the 
eyelid or eyelids. 
Ec-trot'ic. [Ectrot'icns; from «- 
TiTpcoKO), to “cause a miscarriage.”] Ap- 
plied to the treatment by which the de- 
velopment of disease is hindered. 
Ec'ze-ma, [From to 
“boil up.”] A smarting eruption of 
small pustules, generally crowded to- 
gether, without fever, and not conta- 
gious. 
Ec-zem'a-tous. [Eczem'atus-] Be- 
longing to Eczema. 
E-den-ta'ta.* [See next article.] 
Toothless animals; quadrupeds without 
front teeth, as the armadillo. 
E-den-ta'tus.* [From e, priv., and 
dens, a “tooth.”] Without teeth: eden'- 
tate. Applied to an order of Mammalia. 
See Edentata. 
E-dul-co-ra'tion. [From dul'cis, 
“sweet.”] The sweetening of any me- 
dicinal preparation. Also, the process 
of freeing an easily soluble substance 
from one that is soluble with difficulty, 
by means of distilled water. 
E-diil-co-ra'tor. [From the same.] 
A dropping-bottle. An instrument for 
supplying small quantities of sweetened 
liquid, water, etc., to any mixture, or to 
test-tubes, watch-glasses, etc. 
Eel Oil. An oil procured from eels 
by roasting; employed as an ointment 
for stiff joints, and by ironmongers for 
preserving steel from rust. 
177 EFF 
ELA 
Ef'fer-ens, en'tiVi.* [From ef/ero, 
to “carry out.”] Ef'ferent. Carrying 
or conveying out. Applied in the plural 
to certain vessels of the testis. See Vasa 
Efferentia. 
[Eirervescen'- 
tia; from efferves'eo, to “boil over.”] 
The agitation produced on mixing cer- 
tain substances, caused by the sudden 
escape of a gas. 
Ef-fer-ves'ying Draught. Dissolve 
a scruple of carbonate of soda or potas- 
sa in an ounce of water; mix two drachms 
of cinnamon water with a drachm and 
a half of syrup of orange-peel; add to 
these a tablespoonful of fresh lemon- 
juice, and drink the mixture immediately. 
FT-flo-rCs'cciico. [ Efflorescentia; 
from efflores'co, to “ flower,” to “ flou- 
rish.”] The blooming of flowers; the 
time of flowering. In Chemistry, the 
spontaneous conversion of crystals to 
powder in consequence of the loss of 
their water of crystallization. Also, a 
morbid redness of the skin. 
Ef-flu'vI-«,:!: the plural of Efflu- 
vium, which see. 
Ef-llu'vl-uili,® plural Ef-ilu'vi-a. 
[From ef'Jluo, to “flow out.”] A term 
applied to exhalations or vapors (espe- 
cially those of a morbific character) pro- 
ceeding from any body. It is also fre- 
quently applied to animal or vegetable 
odors. 
Ef-fn slon. [Effu'sio, o'nis ; from 
effun'do, effu'sum, to “pour out.”] The 
escape of any fluid out of its natural 
vessel, or viscus, into another cavity, 
or into the cellular texture or substance 
of parts. 
Egesta. See Egestus. 
E-fees'tus.* [From ey'ero, eyes'turn, 
to “carry out,” or “cast out.”] Applied 
in the plural neuter (Eyes'ta) to the 
natural excretions or evacuations of the 
body, such as the urine, fmces, etc. 
Egg. See Ovum. 
Egg-Shaped. See Oval, Ovate, and 
Ovoin. 
E-glaiid'u-lous. [Eglandulo'sns s 
from e, priv., and glans, a “ gland.”] 
Deprived of glands. 
Egophony. See TEgopitony. 
Ehretiacese,* a-re-te-a'she-e. [From 
Ehre'tia, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous plants, mostly tropi- 
cal trees or shrubs. It includes the Pe- 
ruvian Heliotrope. 
Eighth Pair of Nerves. See 
Pneumo-Gastric. 
E-jac'u-lans.* 'From e, “out,” and 
jac'ulor,jacula' tits, to “ throw” or “ cast.”] 
Throwing forth, or casting out. See 
Ejaculatory. 
E-jac-u-la'tor, o'rt*.# [From the 
same.] Applied to a muscle of the penis. 
See Accelerator. 
E-jac'u-la-to-ry. [Ejaeulato'rins ; 
from the same.] Ejecting, or having 
power to eject. 
Ejaculatory Ducts. See Ductus 
Ejaculatorius. 
E-jec'tion. [Ejcc'tio, o'vis; from 
eji'cio, ejec'tum, to “throw or thrust 
out.”] The act or process of discharging 
any thing from the body. 
Elt. See Ec. 
Elueagnacese,* el-e-ag-na'she-e, or 
El-*e-ng'ni.* A natural order of ex- 
ogenous trees and shrubs, dispersed 
through the whole Northern hemisphere. 
It includes the Elmaymis, or Oleaster. 
El-se-ag'ni,* the plural of El-se-ag'- 
nus (“ Oleaster”), forming the Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
ELjEAGNACEjB. 
El-se-op'ten. [From t'Kauov, “oil,” 
and vttivos, “flying” or “fleeting,” hence 
“volatile.”] The liquid portion of a 
volatile oil. The concrete portion is 
called stearopten. The volatile oils when 
exposed to cold generally separate into 
a solid and liquid portion, showing that 
they are mixtures of two oils differing in 
fluidity. 
El-je-o-snc'elia-ra.* [From tKaiov, 
“oil,” and sac’chamm, “sugar.”] The 
mixtures or compounds of volatile oils 
and sugar. 
El'a-in. [Elai'na; from eXaiov, “ oil.”] 
The oily principle of solid fats. 
El-ai-om'e-ter. [Elaioin'ctrmn.] 
An instrument for detecting the adul- 
teration of olive oil. 
El'a-is CJnineen'sis* (gin-e-on'sis). 
The Guinea palm-tree, which yields the 
palm-oil, and, it is said, the best kind 
of palm-wine. 
Elaopten. See Elv.opten. 
E-las tic. [Elas'ticus. See Elas- 
ticity.] Having the property of elas- 
ticity, or springiness. 
Elastic Ciuni, or Indian Rubber. 
See Caoutchouc. 
E-las'tl-cin. [Elastici'na; from 
elas'ticus, “elastic.”] The peculiar solid 
material of the elastic tissue. It is re- 
markable for its insolubility in all ordi- 
nary menstrua. 
El-as-t ici-ty. [From i\avv(o. to 
“drive,” to “strike” or “impel,” as the 
string of a bow impels the a.-row ] A 
178 ELA 
ELE 
property by which bodies return forcibly 
and of themselves to the same form or 
dimensions they possessed before their 
displacement or compression by external 
force. 
E-lat'er-in. [Elateri'na.] A crys- 
tallizable matter, distinct from Elatin, 
found in the juice of Elaterium. 
El-a-te ri-iini. [From iXavvw, to 
“drive,” to “drive through,” referring 
to its violent action on the alimentary 
canal.] The Pharmacopceial name || of 
the fecula of the Momor'dica elate'rium, 
otherwise called the Ecba'lium ojfficina'- 
rum (or officina'le). 
Elaterium is a powerful hydragogue 
cathartic. In over-doses, it operates 
with extreme violence both on the sto- 
mach and bowels, and sometimes causes 
death. 
El'a-tin. [Elati'na.] The active 
principle of Elaterium. 
Elatinacese,* el-a-tin-a'she-e. A 
natural order of annual plants, found in 
marshes in the four quarters of the globe. 
It includes Elati'ne (Water-Pepper). 
Elatio,* e-la'she-o. [From ef'fero, 
ela'tum, to “carry out,” to “carry be- 
yond bounds,” to “transport.”] Quix- 
otism ; a species of mental extrava- 
gance. 
El'a-yi. [From cXatov, “oil,” and vAa, 
“material.”] The name given by Ber- 
zelius to hydruret of acetyl, otherwise 
called olefiant gas and etherine. 
El'bow. [Lat. Cu bitus; Fr. Conde, 
kood.] Originally, the angle formed by 
the arm when bent on the fore-arm. 
Commonly applied to the articulation 
of the arm with the fore-arm. More 
particularly it denotes the projection of 
the olecranon. See Axcox, and Ole- 
CRAXOX. 
El'tler-Tree. The Sambucvs nigra. 
El-e-cam-pane'. The Inula Hele- 
nium. 
Elect. — Electua'rium.* An “electu- 
ary.” 
a'/ts; 
from nXtxrpor, “amber,” in which it was 
first observed.] A subtile fluid or prin- 
ciple produced by the friction of certain 
substances, such as glass, amber, sealing- 
wax, etc. Electricity has been highly 
recommended as a stimulant in cases of 
paralysis, rheumatism, amaurosis, etc., 
and has sometimes proved very useful 
in such affection-. 
Electricity, Galvanic, or Voltaic. 
See Galvanism. 
E-lec'tro-Cbem'I-cal Ac'tion. 
Chemical action induced by electrical 
arrangements. 
Elcc'tro-Oy-nam'tcs. The science 
which treats of the effects or phenomena 
of electricity in motion. 
Elec'tro-Mag'net-ism. Magnetism 
excited or produced by electricity,—usu- 
ally by galvanic electricity. 
E-lec'trotle. [From nXcKrpov, “am- 
ber,” and a “way.”] In electro- 
chemical action the electrodes are the 
surfaces by which the electricity passes 
into or out from other media, they being 
regarded as the roads or ways along 
which the electric fluid travels. 
E-lec-tro-gen'c-sis.* [From ijXcKrpov, 
“amber,” and yerio, to “be born.”] The 
production of electricity. 
E-lec-t ro-gen' ic. [Elect rogen' i- 
cus.] Belonging to clecirogenesis. 
E-lec-tro-ge'iiI-mii.* [From tjXcx- 
rpov, “amber.” and ytwam, to “beget.”] 
The unknown cause of the phenomena 
of electricity: elec'trogen. 
E-lec-t rol'o-£y. [Electrolo'gia; 
from nXcxrpor, “amber,” and Xoyog, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on electricity; 
the science of electricity. 
E- lee-t roly-sis.® [From riXcKrpov, 
“amber,” and Amo, to “loosen,” to “dis- 
solve.”] Decomposition by electricity. 
E-lec'tro-lytes. [From the same.] 
Applied to bodies which can be decom- 
posed directly by electricity. 
E-lec-trein'e-ter. [Electrom'e- 
trum; from ijXtKrpov, “amber,” and pt- 
rpov, a “measure.”] An instrument for 
ascertaining the quality and quantity of 
electricity in an electrified body. 
E-lec-tropli'o-rus.* [From tiXcK-rpov, 
“amber,” and <popiu>, to “bear.”] (An 
“electricity-bearer.”) An apparatus em- 
ployed in electric experiments. 
E-lee 'tro-scopc. [Electros'co- 
pus. or Electrosco'pium; from >’/Ae<c- 
rpor, “amber,” and axo-niu, to “spy.”] An 
instrument for ascertaining the presence 
of electricity. 
E-lec'tro-type. [From r/Xocrpor, 
“amber,” or “electricity,” and rv-nog, a 
“model” or “mould.”] The process by 
which facsimile medals are executed in 
copper by means of electricity. It con- 
sists in preparing for a negative plate 
models or moulds of objects to be copied, 
and in so arranging a battery or appa- 
ratus which generates the voltaic cur- 
rent as to deposit the metals in a com- 
pact form on the surface of the mould. 
Electrotype is also used as a verb. 
E-lcc'tro-Vi'tal (or Xefi'ro E-lec'- 
179 ELE 
EM A 
trie) Cnr'rents. The name of two elec- 
tric currents supposed to exist in ani- 
mals,—the one external and cutaneous, 
moving from the extremities to the 
cerebro-spinal axis; the other internal, 
going from the cerebro-spinal axis to 
the internal organs. 
E-lec'trum.* [Gr. riXacrpov.] A term 
used by the ancients for amber; also, 
for a mixture of four parts of gold and 
one of silver. 
Elcctuarium Aromaticum. See 
Confectio Aromatica. 
Elcctuarium Opii. See Confectio 
Opii. 
Elcctuarium Senmr. See Con- 
fectio Senna:. 
E-lec'tu-a-ry. [Electua'rium; 
from el'iyo, elec'turn, to “choose” or 
‘'pick out,” because some agreeable sub- 
stance is chosen, as a vehicle for the 
medicine.] (Fr. Electuaire, i'lSk'tii'eR'.) 
A confection, or conserve. See Linc- 
tus. 
El'c-mcnts. [Elcmcn'ta.] Itu- 
diments, or first principles; substances 
which cannot be further decomposed. 
El-c-mcn'turnplural El-e-men'- 
ta. See Elements. 
El'e-mi.* The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Br. Ph.) of a concrete resinous exuda- 
tion, probably from the Canarium com- 
mune: chiefly imported from Manilla. 
El-e-plian-ti'a-sis.* [From cXctpas, 
iXbpavTO;, an “elephant.”] Applied to 
two distinct diseases of quite different 
character, now designated as Elephan- 
tiasis Arabum and Elephantiasis Grscco- 
rum. 
Elephantiasis Ar'abum* (the “Ele- 
phantiasis of the Arabians”), otherwise 
called Bucne'mia, Barba'does Leg, and 
El'epiiant-Leg. A disease characterized 
by the leg being much swollen and mis- 
shapen, and thus supposed to resemble 
that of an elephant. 
Elephantiasis Graico'rum.* (“Ele- 
phantiasis of the Greeks.”) An affection 
nearly allied to leprosy, if not the same 
disease. It is said to be characterized 
by shining tubercles on the face, ears, 
and extremities, with a thickened, rugous 
state of the skin, whence it has been 
termed Elephant-skin; also, Le'pra Ar'- 
atum. 
El-et-ta'rl-a.® [From the Malay El- 
ettari, the “lesser cardamom.”] The 
name of a new genus of plants, of the 
class Monandria, natural order Zinyibe- 
racese. 
Eletta'ria Car-da-mo'nium.* The 
lesser cardamom-plant, formerly referred 
to the genus Alpinia. 
Ellvateur, i'li'v&'tUR'. (“ Eleva- 
tor.”) The French for Levator,which see. 
El-e-va'tor. [Elevato'rium; from 
el'evo, eleva'tum, to “lift or raise up.”] 
(Fr. Elivatoire, A'li'vi'twlR'.) An in- 
strument for raising depressed portions 
of bone. 
E-liin'i-nate. [From e, “out of,” or 
“out from,” and li'men, a “threshold.”] 
Literally, to “put out” or “expel:” 
hence, to “send forth,” to “throw off,” 
to “set free.” 
El-I-qua'tion. [Eliqua'tio, o'nis; 
from el'iquo, eliqua'tum, to “melt 
down” or “melt out.”] The process by 
which one substance more fusible than 
another is separated from it by applying 
heat in a sufficient degree. 
E-lix'ir. [Said to be derived from 
the Arabic El-ekser, or Al-eksir, “quint- 
essence.”] A preparation similar to a 
compound tincture. Also, an extract, 
or quintessence. 
Elix'ir, Pftr-e-ft-ftr'ic. The Tinetu'ra 
eam'phoree compos’ ita. See Paregoric. 
E-lu-trl-a'tion. [Elutria'tio.o'fuV; 
from elu'lrio, elutria' turn, to “washout,” 
to “pour off.”] The process of pulver- 
izing metallic ores or other substances, 
and mixing them with water, so that the 
lighter parts are separated from the 
heavier. 
Elytra. See Elytron. 
El-y-tri'tist, idig.* [From tAtirpoi/, a 
“sheath,” the “vagina.”] Inflammation 
of the vagina. 
El'jf-tron,® plural El'y-tra. [Gr. 
cXvrpo v •, from iXvu>, to “wrap up,” to 
“cover” or “conceal.”] A sheath; the 
hard case or shell which covers the 
wings of coleopterous insects. Also, the 
vagina. 
Eiy.tro-plas'tic. [Elytroplas'ti- 
cus.] Belonging to elytroplasty. 
El'y-tro-plas-ty. [ElyIroplas'tia; 
from eXvrpov, and nXaaam, to “form.”] The 
operation of closing a vesico-vaginal 
fistulous opening by borrowing a flap 
from the labia, or nates. 
EI-y-trop-to'sis.* [From tW/we, 
and TraVi's, a “falling down.”] Inversion 
of the vagina. 
Ery-truni,* plural El'y-tra. The 
same as Elytron, which see. 
Emaciation, e-ma-she-a'shun. 
[Eniacia'tio, o'it is; from ema'cio, ema- 
cia'tum, to “make lean.”] The state of 
being or becoming lean. See Atropia. 
and Marasmus. 
180 EMA 
EMI 
Email, A'mal'. The French term for 
Enamel, which see. 
Em-a-na'tion. [Eniana'tio, o'nix; 
from e, “out” or “from,” and ma'no, 
mana'tum, to “flow.”] That which flows 
or proceeds from any substance. 
EmaiiMio,-*e-mun'she-o. [From ema'- 
neo, email'sum, to “ remain out” or “ ab- 
sent.”] Literally, “absence” or “stay- 
ing away.” See next article. 
Eiuansio Men'siiim* (men'she- 
uin). Retention of the catamenia. See 
Amenorrhiea. 
E-inar'&in-ate. [Emargina'tas; 
from emar'yino, to “take away the 
edge.”] Having a notch at the margin. 
E-inas'eu-late. [ Einascula'tus; 
from emus'culo, emasculajtum, to “make 
impotent.” See Mas.] Deprived of vi- 
rility; incapable of generating. 
E-maM-cu-la'tiou. [Eiuasciila'tio, 
o'nix; from the same.] The act of ren- 
dering impotent by injury or removal 
of the generative organs. 
Em-balm'iug'. [From en, “in,” and 
balm, a word used somewhat vaguely for 
any “fragrant ointment” or “aromatic 
substance.”] A process by which a dead 
body is preserved against putrefaction. 
This process originally consisted in im- 
pregnating the body with balsams or 
spices. 
Emboitement (Fr.), oM’bw&t'mou0'. 
[From boite, a “box.”] The situation 
of one box within another. A term 
used by Bonnet to designate that theory 
of generation by which thousands of 
individuals are supposed to lie one within 
the other, each possessing a complete 
series of organized parts. 
Em-bo'll-a.*' [From iv, “in” or 
“into,” and /fdXXto, to “throw,” to 
“thrust.”] A term employed by Virchow 
to denote the obstruction of an artery or 
vein in consequence of a piece or clot of 
coagulated blood being lodged in it. 
See Embolus, and Thrombosis. 
Em-bol'lc. [Embol'icus.] Pertain- 
ing to Embolia. 
Embo-lism. [Embelis'mns.] The 
same as Embolia, which see. 
Em'bo-lus.3’ [See Embolia.] Lite- 
rally, “any thing thrown or thrust in,” 
as a wedge or stopper. Applied to a piece 
of coagulum, which has been formed in 
the large vessels in certain morbid con- 
ditions, and has afterwards been forced 
into one of the smaller arteries so as to 
obstruct the circulation. See Thrombus. 
Embonpoint (Fr.), bM'b6N0'pwaNa'. 
Plumpness or fulness of flesh. 
Em-bro-ca'tion. [Embroca'tfo, 
o'nix; from iptlpexio, to “soak.”] A fluid 
application for rubbing on any part. 
Em'bry-o, o'nia.* [Gr. cp&pvov ■ from 
iv, “ within,” and 6pvu>, to “ swell as buds,” 
to “grow.”] Literally, “that which 
grows within.” The foetus iii utero, be- 
fore the fifth month of pregnancy. Also, 
the germ of a plant: the corcnlum. 
Ein-brj-of 'to-iiy. [From ipUpoov, a 
“foetus,” and ktcivio, to “kill.”] The 
same as Embryotomy. 
Em-bry-og'e-ny. [From em'bryo, 
and yivm, to “ be born or produced.”] Tho 
formation or production of an embryo. 
Em-ln-y-ogra-pliy. [Embry o- 
gra'phia; from cpSpiov, a “foetus,” and 
ypoupai, to “ write.”] A description of tho 
foetus. 
Em-bry-ol'o-jiy. [ Embry olo'gia; 
from cpSpvov, a “foetus,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on the foetus. 
Em'bry-o-nate. [ Embry omit us; 
from em'bryo.'] Having an embryo, germ, 
or corculum. 
Em-bry-ot'o-my. [Einbryoto'- 
mia; from cpSpoj, a “foetus,” and ripvcj, 
to “cut.”] The destruction or separa- 
tion of any part or parts of the foetus in 
utero, where circumstances exist to pre- 
vent delivery in the natural way. 
Em-bry-nl'cl-a.* [From ipSpvov, a 
“foetus,” and c\ku>, to “draw.”] Tho 
drawing or extracting of the foetus, 
generally by destructive instruments, in 
order to effect delivery : embryul'cy. 
E-mer'sus.* [From emer’go, emer'- 
aum, to “rise out,” as from water.] 
Applied to leaves and flowers that are 
above the surface of the water. 
Em'er-jr. A variety of Corundum. 
The powder, attached to brown paper, 
called emery-paper, is used for polishing, 
for preparing razor-strops, etc. 
Em'e-sis,* or E-me'sI-a.* [From 
epio), to “vomit.”] The act of vomiting. 
E-met'ic. [Emet'icus; from the 
same.] (Fr. Emetique, &‘mA‘t£k'.) Hav- 
ing power to excite vomiting. Also, a 
medicine which causes vomiting. 
E-met-I-co-lo'&I-a.* [From emet'i- 
cus, “ emetic,” and Xoyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise on emetics. 
Em'e-tin, or Em'e-tlne. [Emeti'- 
na; from emet'icux, “emetic.”] The 
principle on which the emetic virtues of 
ipecacuan depend. 
Emltique. See Emetic. 
Em-et-«l'«-jgy. The doctrine or sci- 
ence of emetics. 
E-iniH'sion. [Em*s'*io, o'nix; from 
181 EMM 
EMP 
e, “out” or ‘'forth,” and mit’to, mis'sum, to 
“send” or “throw.”] A sending forth. 
Em-nipn 'a-gofiue. [Eniinenago'- 
{jus: from ippnvia, the “menses,” and 
aya>, to “lead or carry away.”] Hav- 
ing power to excite the discharge of the 
catamenia. 
Em-me'ni-a.* [Gr. ippnvia; from ip, 
“in,” “at,” “by,” and /irjp, a “month.”] 
The menses, or catamenial discharge. 
Eni-me-nolo-gy. [ Emniciiolo - 
gia; from ippppia, the “menses,” and 
\oyo;, a “ discourse.”] That branch of 
Physiology which treats of menstruation. 
E-mol'll-ent. [Einol'licns, plu- 
ral Emolllen'tia; from emol'lio, to 
“soften.”] Softening or soothing an 
irritated surface, or one harsh from 
dryness. Emollient applications consist 
chiefly of oils, fomentations, poultices,etc. 
Em-pa-tlie'nia, a ft*.* [From epmadr/;, 
“in a passion or violent emotion.”] Un- 
governable passion; including excite- 
ment, depression, and hair-brained pas- 
sion, or the manie sans delire of Pinel. 
Empetraceae,* em-pe-tra'she-e. A 
small natural order of exogenous shrubs, 
found in Europe and America. 
Em |>lily-sis.* [From ip, “in” or 
“on,” and ipXvais, an “eruption.”] A 
vesicular tumor or eruption on the skin. 
Em-pliy'nm, at is.* [From ip, “in” 
or “within,” and <pvm, to “produce,” to 
“grow.”] A tumor originating below 
the integuments. 
Eni-pliy-se'ma, a tis.* [From ip<j>v- 
cini), to “inflate.”] A collection of air in 
the cellular texture under the skin, or 
beneath the pleural and interlobicular 
cellular tissue of the lungs. 
Ein-pliy-sein'a-tous. [Enipliy- 
sciaatosiis; from emphyse'ma.] Of 
the nature of emphysema. 
Em-plr’ic. [Empir'iens; from ip- 
netpoeds, “experienced,” “experimental.”] 
A practitioner whose skill is the result 
of mere experience. Generally used 
synonymously for a “quack.” 
Ein-pir'I-cal. [Empir'iens.] Be- 
longing to an empiric, or to a quack. 
Em-pIr'I-$i&in. [Empiricis'nms; 
from ipireipia, “experience.”] (Fr. Empi- 
risme, oM'p&'r&zm'.) The knowledge of 
physic acquired by experience alone, as 
contradistinguished from that in which 
a thorough acquaintance with general 
principles (such as the great laws of 
physiology, chemistry, etc.) is combined 
with the knowledge derived from expe- 
rience; commonly applied, however, to 
quackery. 
Ein-plas'triiin.* plural Em-pla.s'- 
tra. [Gr. ifiir\a<rrpov; from ip, “ on,” and 
nXuaaco, to “form,” to “mould,” to 
“spread.”] (Fr. Empldtre, oM'plitn'.) A 
plaster of any kind: usually formed of 
a solid tenacious compound, adhesive at 
the ordinary temperature of the human 
body. 
The limits of the present work 
forbid the insertion of all the Emplastra 
of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Only a few, 
the directions for the preparation of 
which are comparatively simple and 
brief, are here given. For the others 
the inquirer is referred to pp. 135-142 
of the Pharmacopoeia. 
Emplas'trum Ad-lijv-si'viim.* 
The Emplastri-.w Resina, which see. 
Emplas'triun (“ Plas- 
ter of Arnica.”) Take of alcoholic extract 
of arnica, a troyounce and a half, resin 
plaster, three troyounces. Add the ex- 
tract to the plaster, previously melted by 
means of a water-bath, and mix them. 
Einplas'trum Pi'eis Bur-gnn 'tll- 
(“Plaster of Burgundy Pitch.”) 
Take of Burgundy Pitch, seventy-two 
troyounces ; yellow wax, six troyounces. 
Melt them together, strain, and stir con- 
stantly until they thicken on cooling. 
EmplnK'triini I’i'cis fan-a-den'- 
sis.* (“Plaster of Canada Pitch, or 
Hemlock Pitch.”) The directions for 
preparing this plaster, and the propor- 
tion of the ingredients, are the same as 
the preceding, with the single exception 
that Canada Pitch is substituted for 
Burgundy Pitch. 
Emplas'lruni lle-si'nse* (“Plaster 
of Resin”), commonly called Adhesive 
Plaster, or Resin Plaster. Take of resin 
in fine powder, six troyounces; plaster 
of lead, thirty-six troyounces. To the 
plaster, melted over a gentle fire, add 
the resin, and mix them. 
Emplatre, om'platit'. The French 
word for “plaster.” See Empi.astrum. 
Ein-pres'ma, atis.* [From ip, “ with- 
in,” and lrpr/do), to “burn.”] Internal in - 
flammation ; a term employed in its sim- 
ple sense by Hippocrates, and revived by 
Dr. Good as a generic term for all those 
visceral inflammations generally distin- 
guished by the suffix -itis. 
Em-pros-tliot d-nos.* [From tg- 
irpoirfcp, “forwards,” and redo, to 
“stretch.”] Literally, “a stretching or 
bending forwards.” A variety of Tetanus. 
a tis.® [From is, “ with- 
in,” and ttvov, “pus.”] A collection cf 
pus in the cavity of the chest. 
182 EMP 
END 
Em-py-e'sis.® [From ep-vem, to “sup- 
purate.”] A genus of diseases charac- 
terized by phlegmonous pimples, which 
gradually fill with purulent fluid: as 
Variola, Varicella, etc. 
[From ev, “in,” irvov, 
“pus,” and *17X77, a “tumor.”] A collec- 
tion of pus within the scrotum. 
Ejn-py-om'pfia-ltis.*' [From ev, 
“in,” m>ov, “pus,” and A/rpaXos, the 
“navel.”] A collection of pus about 
the navel. 
Em-py-reu'ma, a tis.® [From epnzv- 
peven, to “kindle.”] A peculiar disagree- 
able smell of animal and vegetable mat- 
ter when burned in close vessels. 
Em-py-reu-mat'lc. [Empyreu- 
mat'icus.] Belonging to empyreuma. 
E-miil'jijent. [Einul'gens, en'tt>; 
from emul'r/eo, emul'sum, to “milk out.”] 
Straining through. Applied to the ves- 
sels of the kidneys, supposed to strain 
the serum through the kidneys. 
E-auiB’sin, or E-imiB'sIne. The 
same as Amygdalin, which see. 
E-mut'siom. [Emul'sto, o'nis; 
from the same.] The expressed oil of 
seeds, or kernels, diffused through water 
by the medium of the sugar, mucilage, 
and fecula which they contain. 
F.-ninnc'to-rJ. [ Emnncto'rius ; 
from emxtn'go, emunc'tum, to “carry off.”] 
Applied to the excretory ducts of the 
body. 
Ed ( ev). A Greek preposition signi- 
fying “in,” or “within.” Before b, m, 
and p, it is changed to m; as, Embolus, 
something which is “thrown into” the 
arteries, veins, etc. 
En-se-o-re'ma, ntis.* [From evauopeo- 
pau, to “float.”] The nubecula which 
floats, or is suspended, in the middle of 
the urine. 
En-am'cl. (Fr. Email, i'mal'.) Avery 
hard, compact, white substance, investing 
the crown of the teeth. See Tooth. 
En-an-the'sis.* [From ev, and avdeo>, 
to “blossom.”] Rash exanthem, in- 
cluding scarlet fever, measles, and nettle- 
rash. 
En-ar-thro'sis. [From ev, “in,” 
and apOpov, a “joint.”] The ball-and- 
socket joint. A variety of the class 
Diarthroses. 
En-can'tliis.* [From ev, “ in,” and 
Kuvda;, the “ angle of the eye.”] A small 
red excrescence on the Caruncula lach- 
rymal's and semilunar fold of the Con- 
junctiva. 
Eneanthus. See Encaxtiiis. 
[From enceph'- 
alon, the “brain.”] A name sometimes 
applied to the Vertebrata, or highest of 
the grand divisions of animals, com- 
prising such as have a brain enclosed in 
a ease of bone. 
En-$eph-a-li'tis, idie.* [From ey- 
kcMXos, the “brain.”] Inflammation of 
the brain and its membranes. 
[From eyidipa- 
Xoj, the “brain,” and «■ 17X17, a “tumor.”] 
Protrusion of a portion of the brain 
through a preternatural opening in the 
skull: Hernia cerebri. 
Eii-cnpha-IoUl. [EncepSialoi'- 
tBes; from eyidfdXos, the “brain.”] Re- 
sembling the substance of the brain. 
[From ey- 
KctpaXos, the “brain,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A description of the brain; 
also, the science of the brain: encepha- 
lol'ogy. 
ntis.* [From ly- 
K£<pa\os, the “brain.”] The Hernia cerebri. 
[Gr. eyKepa\ov. from 
iyidij>a.\oi, the “brain.”] The brain; the 
contents of the skull, consisting of the 
cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblonrjata, 
and membranes. 
The progress of 
Encephaloma. 
En-chon-dro'ina, atis.* [From ev, 
“in” or “within,” and a “carti- 
lage.”] A cartilaginous tumor or growth 
proceeding from the bones, and, there- 
fore, deep “’within.” 
En-cl»on'«lrus.® [From ev, “in,” 
and x°v&P°s,&“ cartilagealso, a “ grain.”] 
Cartilaginous: enchon'drous. Also, 
having grains; granular. 
En-$jist'ed. [From iv, “in,” and 1(va- 
ns, a “bag.”] Enclosed in a cyst, or sac. 
En-dem'ic, En-de'mi-al. [Em- 
dem'icus, or Ende'mins; from ev, 
“in,” and <%of, a “people,” a “district.”] 
Belonging to a particular district. 
En-der'inie, En-der-mat'ic. [E11- 
dcr'micus, or Enderniat'icuH; from 
ev, “in” or “on,” and beppa, the “skin.”] 
Applied to the method of rubbing medi- 
cines into the skin, or sprinkling them 
on the denuded surface where a blister 
has previously been formed. 
En-do-brs*ii-«M-a'tMS.'*' [From IV- 
bov, “within,” and fipayxia, “gills.”] En- 
dobran'chiate. Applied in the plural 
neuter (Endobranchia'ta) to a family of 
Anellata which have no external bran- 
chile. 
En-do-car'dl-al. [Enulocardia'lis; 
from evbov, “within,” and mipoia, the 
“heart.”] Within the heart. 
183 En-do-oar-di'tis, idis.* [From the 
same.] Inflammation of the lining 
membrane of the heart. 
En-do-car'di-um.* [From the same.] 
The lining membrane of the heart. 
En'do-carp. [Endocar'pus; from 
eviov, “within,” and xapnos, “fruit.”] 
Applied in Botany to the inner mem- 
brane of a pericarp ; the putamcn. 
Eiwlo-gas-lri tis, idis.® [From ev- 
iov, “ within,” and yaarrtp, the “ stomach.”] 
Inflammation of the lining membrane 
of the stomach. 
En'do-gen. An endogenous plant. 
En-do&'e-nous. [Eiidog'enus; 
from eviov, “within,” and ycvu>, to “be 
born,” to “grow.”] Applied to stems in 
which the new matter by which they 
increase in diameter is added at the 
centre. The palm-tree is an example 
of an endogenous plant. 
En-do-lym'pha.3' [From eviov,“ with- 
in,” and lym'pha, “ water.”] The small 
portion of fluid in the labyrinth of the 
ear: en'dolymph. 
En'do-plast. | Endoplas'ta; from 
eviov, “within,” and n-Adeco), to “form.”] 
The contents of animal and vegetable 
cells, consisting of vesicular bodies, into 
which much nitrogen enters. 
Eu-do-plou'ra.* [From eviov, “ with- 
in,” and nXevpd, the “side.”] Collectively, 
the three coats of the seed, which in the 
ovule were the Tercine, Quartine, and 
Quintine. 
En-do-rlii'z.ous. [Endorlii'zus; 
from eviov, “within,” and pi$da>, to “take 
root.”] Having the radicle enclosed in 
a sheath. 
Eli'tlo-Sltel'e-ton. [From eviov, 
“within,” and cseXerov, a “skeleton.”] 
The ordinary skeleton of Vertebratn. 
En-dos'inic. [Enilos'miciis.] Be- 
longing to endosmose. 
En-dos-moni 'e-ter. [ Endosmoni 
etrinn; from endosmo' sis, and perpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for show- 
ing tho gradual progress of endosmose. 
En-dos-mose'. [Endosmo’sis; 
from eviov, “in” or “within,” and ovTpos, 
“impulsion.”] A peculiar movement in 
liquids separated by a membrane, by 
which the rarer fluid passes through the 
membranous partition into the cavity 
containing the denser fluid. This term 
is given to the action of the liquid ab- 
sorbed internally. 
En'do-sperin. [Endosper '111a. ntis; 
from eviov, “ within,” and eireppa, a “ seed.”] 
The albumen between the integuments 
and the embryo. 
END 
En'dos-tomc. [ Endnstoma. ntis ; 
from eviov, “within,” and oropa, a 
“mouth.”] The inner opening of the 
ovula. 
Kn'doN-tome. [EndoNto ina, utie; 
from eviov, “within,” and osteo'ma.] A 
chronic tumor within a bone. 
Enduit, See Coated. 
Eneeia,* e-ne'she-a. [From ivesis, 
“continuous.”] A generic term employed 
by Dr. Good to denote continued fever. 
En'c-ma, a fix.* [From ev'n,p i, to “in- 
ject.”] A medicine thrown into the 
rectum; a clyster, or glyster; an injec- 
tion. 
En-ep-I-der'inic. [From ev, “on,” 
and epider'mis, the “cuticle.”] A term 
denoting the application of medicines, 
such as plasters, blisters, etc., to tho 
skin. See Endeumic. 
Eii'er-gy. [Ener'gia; from evepyew, 
to “be active.”] The force exercised by 
any power: as, nervous energy, vital 
energy, etc. 
E-ner'vat-ing; (or en'er-vat-ing). 
[Enor'vaiis; from ener'vo, enerva'tum, 
to “weaken.”] Destroying the energy 
of the nervous system. 
E-ner'vis,® E-ncr'vI-us.* [From 
e, negative, and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
Having no rib, or nerve : ener'vious. 
Enfant, Enfance. See Infant, and 
Infancy. 
EngNdure, SNzh'liiR'. The French 
term for Chilblain, which see. 
En-gorgro'ment. [From the French 
engorger, to “choke up.”] A state of 
vascular congestion. 
En-ne-a-£yn'I-ous, or En-ne-a£'- 
yn-ous. [Enneagyn’ius; from evvea, 
“nine,” and yvvrj, a “woman” or “fe- 
male.”] Applied to an order of plants 
having nine pistils. 
En-ne-an'drI-a.*[From evvea, “nine,” 
and dvijp, “man” or “male.”] The ninth 
class of plants in Linnaeus's system, com- 
prising those which have nine stamens. 
En-nc-a-pet'a-lous. [Enneapet- 
alas; from evvea, “nine,” and neraXov, a 
“petal.”] Having nine petals. 
Ennui (Fr.), &n'w£'. Weariness; irk- 
someness; languor of mind from the 
lack of occupation. 
E-node'. [Eno'dis; from e, nega- 
tive, and no'dus, a “knot.”] Having no 
knots, or joints. 
En-os-to'sis.* [From ev, “in,” and 
iareov, a “bone.”] A tumor occurring in 
the medullary canal of a bone. 
Ens. [Tho present participle of es'sc, 
to “be.”] A term in Chemistry de- 
ENS 
184 ENS 
ENT 
noting a substance supposed to contain 
in a small compass all the virtues of the 
ingredients from which it is extracted. 
En'sate. [Ensa'tus; from en'sis, a 
“sword.”] Having the form of a sword. 
Applied to an order or division of plants. 
En'sl-form. [Ensifor'mis; from 
en'sis, a “sword.”] Like a sword. See 
Xiphoid. 
Fusiform far'ti-lage. The carti- 
laginous extremity of the sternum, or 
breast-bone. 
Ens Jlar'tis,® Fer'rum Am-mo- 
nl -a’tuin.® Ammoniated iron, or mar- 
tial flowers of the muriate of ammonia 
and iron. 
Ens-pri'mum.® A name given by 
the alchemists to a tincture which they 
supposed to have the power of transmu- 
ting the metals. 
Ens Ven'e-ris.® [From Ve'nus, an 
alchemical name for “copper.”] The 
ancient designation of the muriate of 
ammonia and copper. 
Eii-ta'sl-a.® [From ivraotg, a “vio- 
lent straining.”] Applied by Good as a 
generic name for trismus, tetanus, etc. 
Eli'ta-sis.® [From ivrtivw, to “stretch.”] 
A term denoting tension, and applied by 
Good to constrictive spasm, cramp, 
locked-jaw, etc. 
En'ter-a.® [From ivrtpa, the plural 
of tvrtpov, an “intestine.”] The bowels, 
or intestines. 
En-ter-ftl'gl-a.® [From tvrtpov, an 
“intestine,” and a\yog, “pain.”] En'- 
teralgy. Nervous pain in the bowels. 
En-t€r'ic. [Filter'tens: from tvrt- 
pov, an “intestine.”] (Fr. Entirique, on0’- 
td'r6k’.) Belonging to the intestines. 
Eii-t£r'I-ea.® [From the same.] An 
order in Good’s Nosology, comprising 
diseases of the alimentary canal. 
En-ter-i'tis, irfi's.® [From the same.] 
Inflammation of the bowels. A genus 
of the order Phlegmasise, class Pyrtyciee, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
[From tvrtpov, an 
'• intestine,” and*17X17, a “tumor.”] Hernia 
in which a portion of intestine is pro- 
truded. 
Fu-tor-og'rn-phy. [Enterog-ra'- 
pliia; from tvrtpov, an “intestine,” and 
ypiifxo, to “describe.”] A description of 
the intestines. 
En-ter-o-li-thi'a-sis.® [From tvrt- 
pov, an “intestine,” and XSiaotg, “forma- 
tion of stone.”] The formation of intes- 
tinal concretions. 
E«-ter-ol I-thus.® [From tvrtpov, an 
“ intestine,” and YtOog, a “stone.”] Any 
kind of concretion generated in the 
stomach and bowels. 
Iji-ler-elo-gj. [Enterolo'gla; 
from tvrtpov, an “intestine,” and Aoyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] That branch of science 
(anatomical or physiological) which 
treats of the intestines. 
En-ter-or'a-phy. [Enterora'ptaia; 
from tvrtpov, an “ intestine,” and pa'pfj, a 
“suture.”] The stitching or sewing to- 
gether of the divided edges of the intes- 
tine. 
En’ter-or-rha'gl-a.® [From tvrtpov, 
an “intestine,” and prjywpi, to “burst 
forth.”] Intestinal haemorrhage. 
En'ter-or-rhce'a.® [From tvrtpov, 
an “intestine,” and ptoi, to “flow.”] 
Undue increase of the mucous secretion 
of the intestines. 
[From ivrt- 
pov, an “intestine,” iioxtov, the “scrotum,” 
and Kn\r), a “ tumor.”] Scrotal hernia. 
En-ter-ot'o-my. [Entcroto'mia; 
from ivrtpov, an “intestine,” and rcpvoi, 
to “cut.”] Any cutting operation on 
the intestines. • 
En-ter-o-zo'on.® [From tvrtpov, an 
“intestine,” and C,<mv, an “animal.”] 
An animal living in the intestines. 
En-thet'ic. [Enthet'ieus; from 
iv, “ in,” and riOnpi, to “ place.”] Applied 
to diseases arising from a morbific virus 
being placed or implanted in the system, 
as syphilis, leprosy, etc. 
Kii-to-mo" r:i-pli.v. [Entomogra'* 
phia; from tvropov, an “insect,” and 
■ypiitpo), to “ write.”] A description of in- 
sects. 
En'to-moid. [Entonioi'des; from 
tvropov, an “insect,” and tiiog, a “form.”] 
Resembling an insect. 
Entomoline. See Chitijta. 
En-lo-molo-gy. [ Entomolo'fgia; 
from tvropov, an “insect,” and Adyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The science of insects. 
En-to-niom'e-ter. [Entomom'- 
etrnm; from tvropov, an “insect,” and 
ptrpov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
for measuring the parts of insects. 
En-to-m«ph 'a>goiis. [Entomopli 
agns; from tvropov, an “insect,” and 
<piiyo>, to “eat.”] Eating, or feeding on, 
insects. 
En-to-mos'tra-cons. [Entomos'- 
tracus; from tvropov, an “ insect,” and 
oorpaKov, a “ shell.”] Insects with shells. 
Applied to a class or division of Crustacea. 
En-to-mot'o-iny. [Entomoto'nila 
from tvropov, an “insect,” and rtpvio, t» 
“ cut.”] The dissection of insects. 
En-toph'jMous. [Entopli'ytus 
185 ENT 
EPI 
from cvtos, “ within,” and<pvr6v, a “ plant.”] 
Growing within a plant. Applied to 
parasitical fungi. 
[Entoptery- 
goi'des; from ivrdf, “ within,” andptery- 
goi'des.\ Applied by Owen to the internal 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. 
En-to-zo'a,* the plural of Entozoon. 
En-to-zo’on.* [From trrdj, “ with- 
in,” and swo", an “animal.”] An animal 
that lives within another. Applied in 
the plural (Entoeo'a) to a class or di- 
vision of radiated animals. Among the 
most important and common Entozoa 
are the Tse'nia so'limn (the ordinary 
tape-worm), the As'caris Inmhricoi'des, 
the As'caris vermicula'ris (or thread- 
worm), and the Dis'toma hepat'icum. 
En-tro'pl-um.® [From in, “in,” and 
rpinm, to “turn.”] A disease in which 
the eyelash and eyelid are turned in to- 
wards the eyeball. 
E-nu'dc-ate. [Enuclea'tus; from 
e, “out of,” and nu'cleus, a “kernel.”] 
Applied tot tumors taken from the sub- 
stance in which they were imbedded, 
like a kernel from its shell. 
En-u-re'sis.* [From ivo 'piw, to “be 
incontinent of urine.”] Incontinency 
of urine. A genus of the order Apoce- 
noses, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
E'o-cene. [From iof, the “dawn,” 
and naivof, “recent.”] The lower tertiary 
strata, regarded as the beginning or 
dawn of the existing (or recent) condition 
of creation, on account of the small pro- 
portion of living species of animals found 
in them. 
Elpacridaocse,* e-pak-re-da'she-e. 
A natural order of Exogens, mostly 
shrubs, found in Australia and Polynesia. 
They are remarkable for the beauty of 
the flowers. 
Ep-an'e-tus.* [From inavinpi, to 
“relax,” to “remit.”] A term denoting 
“remittent,” and applied by Dr. Good to 
remittent fever, including the mild form, 
the malignant form, and hectic fever. 
[Eponeephal'- 
icus; from ini, “upon,” and 
the “brain.”] Situated on or over the 
contents of the head or the brain. Ap- 
plied the same as Neuroccipital. 
[From inculmi, to 
“clothe upon,” to “cover.”] Literally, 
an “upper garment.” The lining mem- 
brane of the ventricles of the brain; also, 
that of the cerebro-spinal axis. 
Epii'e-lis,* plural E-phel'I-de&. 
[From ini, “upon,” and the “sun.”] 
Freckles. See Estates. 
E-phom'e-ra.* [From ini, “for,” 
and hpipa, a “day.”] A fever which runs 
its course of the cold, hot, and sweating 
stages in twelve hours. 
Ephemera is also the name of a genus 
of insects (popularly called the “day- 
fly”), the entire period of wh< se exist- 
ence, in their perfect state, is only about 
twenty-four hours. 
E-phem'e-ral. [Ephem'erns; from 
the same.] Enduring one day. See 
Ephemera. 
Eph-I-al’teS.® [From i<j>a\\opai, to 
“leap upon.”] Nightmare, or incubus: 
a distressing state of feeling during 
sleep, as of fright, and inability to call 
for help : Oueirodyn'ia gra'vans. 
Epli-I-<tro' sis.* [From ini, inten- 
sive, and Updo), to “sweat.”] Violent, 
morbid perspiration. A genus of the 
order Apocenoses, class Locales, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
Epliippiuni. See Sei.t.a Turcica. 
Ep’I. A Greek preposition signifying 
“on” or “upon,” “over,” “at,” “by,” 
“for,” “after.” It is sometimes inten- 
sive. The final f is generally dropped 
before a word beginning with a vowel 
or with h, as Epencephalic for Epiencn- 
phalic ; Ejjhidioxix for Ephihidrosis, etc. 
Ep'I-an. The same as Frambgesia, 
which see. 
Ep-I-bran'chl-al. [Epibranrhia'- 
lis; from ini, “upon,” nnd brauchia'lin, 
“branchial.”] Applied by Owen to the 
upper portion of the branchial arch. 
Ep-I-can'tlsus.* [From ini, “upon,” 
and noi/flof, the “corner of the eye.”] A 
fold of skin covering the inner canthus. 
Ep'I-carp. [Epiuar pus: from ini, 
“upon,” and KapnHf, “fruit.”] The ex- 
ternal covering of the pericarp, commonly 
called the skin of fruits. 
Ep-I-car'pI-um.* The same as Epi- 
carp, which see. 
Kp-T-cliro sis. [From ini, “ upon,” 
and xpitw, to “paint.”] A macular or 
spotted state of the skin, or a simple 
discoloration of its surface. 
Ep-I-col'ic. [Epicol'icns; from 
ini, “upon,” and k<?>\ov, the “colon.”] 
Over the course of the colon on each side. 
Ep-i-con 'dy le. [ Epicon 'dyliuf; 
from ini, “upon,” and sWiAoj, a “con- 
dyle.”] The external protuberance of 
the inferior end of the Os humeri. 
Ep-i-eo-rol'le-us.* [From ini, 
“upon,” and corol’la, a“corol.”] Ap- 
plied to monopetalous, dicotyledonous 
plants, in which the stamens are epigyn- 
ous, or inserted above the ovary. 
186 EPI 
EPI 
Ep-I-cra'nI-al. [Epicra'nius.] 
Situated on the cranium; belonging to 
the epicranium. 
Ep-I-era'nl-um.* [From art, “upon,” 
and Kpavio-j, the “cranium.”] The in- 
teguments, aponeurosis, and muscular 
expansion upon the cranium; the scalp. 
Ep-I-cra'nl-us.* A name sometimes 
given to the occipito -frontalis muscle, 
from its covering the cranium. 
Ep-I-dem'ic. [Epidem'icns; from 
cm, “ upon,” and iupo;, a “ people.”] Ap- 
plied to any disease which seems to be 
upon the entire population of a country 
at one time, as distinguished, on the one 
hand, from sporadic disease (or that which 
occurs in insulated cases), and, on tho 
other, from endemic disease, or that which 
is limited to a particular district. 
Ep-i-dem-I-ojg'ra-phy. [Epidem- 
iogxa'pliia; from epide’mia, “epidemic 
diseases,” and ypajxjj, to “write.”] A 
description of epidemic diseases. 
Ep-I-dem-I-ol'o-&jf. [Epidemin- 
lo gin; from epide'mia, “epidemic dis- 
eases,” and Aoyu;, a “discourse.”] A 
dissertation on epidemic diseases; tho 
science of epidemic diseases. 
Ep'i-dem-y'. [Epide'mia; from eti, 
“upon,” and dnpo;, a “people.”] An 
epidemic disease. 
Ep-I-der'mic. [Epider'micns.] 
Belonging to the epidermis. 
Epidermidoid. See Epidermoid. 
Ep-i-der'mis, i dis.* [From Im, 
“upon,” and Scppa, the “skin.”] The 
external covering of the body; the cuti- 
cle, or scarf-skin. Applied in Botany 
to a thin membrane covering every part 
of the plant; also, the outer covering of 
grasses. 
Ep-I-der'mnid. [Epidermoi'des; 
from epider'mis, and ctios, a “form.”] 
Resembling tho epidermis. 
Ep-I-did'y-mis, idis.* [From art, 
“upon,” ami didnpoi, the “testicles.”] An 
oblong substance formed by numerous 
convolutions of the Vas deferens, at- 
tached to the upper part of the testicle 
by vessels, and the reflected layer of 
the tunica vaginalis. 
Ep-I-gas-tral'gi-a.S [From epigas'- 
trium, and uAy«s, “pain.”] Pain in the 
epigastrium. 
Ep-i-gas'tric. [Epigas'trieus.] 
Belonging to the epigastrium. 
Ep-I-gas'tri-um.* [From cni, 
“upon,” and yaarfip, the “stomach.”] 
That part of the abdomen immediately 
over the stomach. 
Ep-I-ge'an, or Ep-i ■ge'al. [Epi- 
{fc'iis; from art, “upon” or “above,” 
and yi?, the “earth.”] Applied to cotyle- 
dons that make their way above ground, 
and appear like leaves. 
Ep-I-gren'e-sis.® [From cm, “at,” 
“on,” or “after,” and yivopat, to “be 
born,” implying that the existence of 
the new being commences at or after the 
act of conception; while the pre-exist- 
ence of the germ is implied in the other 
theories stated below.] The theory that 
the embryo is the joint production of 
both sexes, as distinguished either from 
the doctrine that the male parent fur- 
nishes the germ and the female simply 
the nidus, or resting-place, in which it is 
nourished; or from the theory that the 
female furnishes the germ, which is 
merely quickened by the influence of the 
male. See Generation. 
Ep-I-glot'tic. [I.piglotticus.] 
Belonging to the epiglottis. 
Ep-l-glot-tld'e-us.* [From epiglot- 
tis.'] The same as Epiglottic, which see. 
K|)-i-gloftis, 1 din* [From cm, 
“upon,” and yAwmV, the “glottis,” or 
“entrance to the windpipe.”] The car- 
tilage at the root of the tongue which 
forms a lid or cover for the aperture of 
the windpipe. 
Ep-ig'y-nons. [Epi&'ynns; from 
cm, “above,” and ywij, a “female;” re- 
ferring to the female portion of the 
flower.] Applied to stamens when in- 
serted above the ovary. 
Ep-I-hy'al. [From cm, “upon” or 
“above,” and hgoi'des, “hyoid.”] Ap- 
plied by Owen to a triangular piece of 
bone, pretty constant in fishes, which 
articulates above to the Stylohyul. 
Epilampsis, or Epilampsia. See 
Eclampsia. 
Ep-I-lep’sy. [Epilep'sia; from kt- 
higSam, to “seize upon.”] A disease 
which attacks persons suddenly, con- 
sisting of convulsions, with coma, and 
generally frothing at the mouth; the 
falling sickness. A genus of the order 
Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s No- 
sology. 
Ep-I-lep'tic. [Epilep'ticus.] Be- 
longing to epilepsy. 
Epilepticae Aura-. See Aura Epi- 
LEPTICA. 
Ep-I-lep-tl-for'mis.* [From epi- 
lep'sia.] Like epilepsy: epilep'tiform. 
Ep-I-lep'toid. [Epileptoi'des; 
from epilep'sia, and cllo;, a “form.”] 
Resembling epilepsy. 
Ep-I-me’rus.* [From cm, “upon.” 
and pipoj, the “thigh.”] One of th<» 
187 EPI 
EPI 
lateral pieces of the thorax in insects. 
J&pine (Fr.), &'p£n\ See Spine. 
Ep-I-nyctis,® plural Ep-I-ny o'ti- 
lled. [From ini, “on,” “at,” or “by.”] 
Eruptions which appear on the skin by 
night and disappear during the day. 
Ep-I-pet a-lous. [Epipeta'leus, 
Epipet'alus; from ini, “upon,” and ni- 
raXor, a “ petal.”] Situated on the petals. 
Ep-I-pliloc'uin.® [From ini, “upon,” 
and ijtXoios, “ bark.”] The layer of bark 
next the epidermis. 
E-pipli'o-ra.® [From cnupipopai, to 
“be borne upon,” to “rush upon as a 
flood.”] A superabundant secretion of 
tears. A genus of the order Aqjocenoses, 
class Locals, of Cullen’s Nosology. Also, 
an overflowing of tears in consequence 
of an obstruction of the lachrymal duct. 
a tis.® [From ini, 
“upon,” and <ppdypa, a “partition.”] 
The slender membrane which sometimes 
shuts the peristoma of mosses. 
Ep-i-pliy 1-lo-spornious. [Epi- 
pliyliosper'mus; from ini, “upon,” 
<pvXXov, a “leaf,” and ontppa, a “seed.”] 
Having seeds on the leaves. 
Ep-f-pliy I'loiis. [Epiphyl'lus; 
from an, “upon,” and (j.vXXor, a “leaf.”] 
Applied to flowers which grow on the 
surface of a leaf, and also to parasitical 
fungi on the leaves of other plants. 
E-pipli'y-sis,® plural E-pipIi-y-ses. 
[From ini, “upon,” and <jivu>, to “pro- 
duce,” to “grow.”] A piece of bone 
growing upon another, as the bulky ex- 
tremities of long bones, which exist, for 
a time, separate from the shaft. 
Ep'i-pliyte. [Epiph'yton; from 
ini, “upon,” and pvTtiv, a “plant” or 
“germen.”] A parasitic plant or fun- 
gus, which grows on the leaves of other 
plants. 
[From ininXoov, the 
“omentum,” and KijXn. a “tumor.”] Her- 
nia in which a portion of the omentum 
is protruded. 
Ep-I-plo'ic. [Epiplo'icns.] Be- 
longing to the epiploon, or omentum. 
E-pip-lo-is'ehi-o-vele.* [From ini- 
vXooy, the “omentum,” ia\iov, the “ischi- 
um,” and KriXr], “hernia.”] Hernia in 
which the omentum protrudes through 
the ischiadic foramen. 
Ep-I-plo-i'tis, If/)#.® [From ininXoor, 
the “omentum.”] Inflammation of the 
epiploon ; also termed Omentitis. 
[From ini- 
nXoov, the “ omentum,” p>jp<%, the “thigh,” 
and kijXij, “hernia.”} Femoral hernia, 
with protrusion of the omentum. 
[From 
btinXoov, the “ omentum,” the 
“navel,” and icfiXri, “hernia.”] Hernia, 
with protrusion of the omentum, at the 
navel. 
Kp-Ip'lo-on.* [Gr. ininXuov, ‘'that 
which is folded upon the intestines:” 
allied to anXoo(, “without fold,” and 
durXoof, “twofold.”] The omentum, or 
epiploon. See Omentum. 
[From em- 
nXoor, the “omentum,” oo\tov, the “scro- 
tum,” and “hernia.”] Hernia, with 
a portion of omentum, in the scrotum. 
E-pis'•che-sl**,* plural E-pis'ulie- 
seS. [Gr. emaxctrif; from ine\m, to “hold 
up,” to “check,” to “restrain.”] A sup- 
pression of excretions. An order of the 
class Locales of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ep-i-sjm'di-aiH.® [From on, “upon,” 
and andiw, to “pierce through.”] An un- 
natural perforation of the penis, the ure- 
thra terminating on the upper part of it. 
Ep-I-spas'tic. (llpispas l icus: 
from inumaw, to “ draw upon,” or simply 
to “draw.”] (Fr. Epispastique, &'p£ - 
sp&s't&k'.) Literally, “drawing.” Pro- 
ducing a serous or puriform discharge, 
by exciting previous inflammation: on 
the principle of derivation or revulsion. 
Epispastique. See Epispastic. 
Ep'I-sperin. [Episper'ina. atis ; 
from ini, “upon,” and ontp/ta, a “seed.”] 
The whole integuments of a seed taken 
together. 
Ep-f-stapli-y-li'nus.® [From ini, 
“upon,” and trreupvXri, the “uvula.”] Be- 
longing to the uvula: epistaph'yline. 
Ep-I-stax'is.* [From iniardiu, to 
“distil.”] Bleeding at the nose. A genus 
of the order Hsemorrhagife, class Pyrexise, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ep-I-ster'ual. [Episterna'lis: 
from ini, “upon,” and ster'uum, the 
“breast-bone.”] Upon or above the 
sternum. 
Ep-I-thc'H-al. [Epitlie'lius.] Be- 
longing to the epithelium. 
Ep-I-the'H-um.® [Fromm, “upon.” 
and dnXh, the “nipple.”] The cuticle 
covering the nipple, or any mucous mem- 
brane. 
Ep'f-tliein. [Epith'ema, atis; from 
ini, “upon,” and rrtbjgi, to “place.”] A 
term applied to any kind of external 
application not comprised under the 
head of ointments or blisters, such as 
poultices, fomentations, etc. 
Ep-I-tym'pa-nic. [Epitympan- 
icus; from ini, “upon,” and tym'pan- 
«»«.] Applied by Owen to the upper- 
188 EPI 
ERG 
most subdivision of the tympanic pedicle 
which supports the mandible in fishes. 
Ep-I-zo'on,® plural Kp-I-zo'a. The 
same as Ectozoox, which see. 
Kp-I-zo-ot'ie. [Epizoot'iens; from 
brt, “upon” or “against,” and od, an 
“animal.”] Applied to contagious dis- 
ease attacking numbers of cattlo at the 
same time and place. 
Ep-I-zoo-ty. [Epizoo'tia.] Epi- 
zootic disease. 
Eponge, &'p6xzh'. The French term 
for Sponge, which see. 
Ep'som Salts. The sulphate of mag- 
nesia. See Magnesia? Sulphas. 
Ep-u'lis, id is.* [From tiri, “upon,” 
and oo\a, the “gums.”] A small swell- 
ing on the gums. 
Ep-u-lot'ie. [Ejmlot'icus; from 
broiMcj, to “cicatrize.”] Having power 
to cicatrize. 
Epnrge, i'puRzh'. The French term 
for Euphorbia Lathyris, which see. 
E-qua'tor. [AEqua'tor, o'ris; from 
se'quo, aqua'tam, to “make equal.”] A 
great circle of the earth, equidistant 
from the two poles, and separating the 
globe into northern and southern hemi- 
spheres. 
Eq'ui-tlse.* [From e'quus, a “horse.”] 
Applied to a family of Mammals having 
the horse for its type. 
E-quI-lib'rl-uiii. [.Equilibrium; 
from ss'qui, “equally,” and li'bro, to 
“ balance.”] Equipoise. Often applied 
to the equality of temperature which all 
bodies on the earth are constantly tend- 
ing to attain (see Caloric), and to the 
equal distribution of the electric fluid in 
its natural undisturbed state. 
E-qni'nI-a.* [From e'quus, a “horse.”] 
(Fr. Morve, moRV.) A disease of horsc3 
called Farcy, or Glanders. See Farcy. 
E-quI-noc'tial. [.Equinoctia'lis.J 
Belonging to the equinox. 
E'qui-iio*. [/Eqiiinoc'tium; from 
lequ’us, “equal,” and nox, “night.”] The 
time when the days and nights arc of 
equal length all over the earth. 
Equisetaceae,* ek-we-se-ta'she-e. A 
natural order of cryptogamous- plants 
(or Gymnosperms), found in ditches and 
moist places. It includes the Equise'turn 
(Horse-tail), which is rendered useful 
for polishing furniture, by a large quan- 
tity of silex in the cuticle. 
Eq-uI-se-ta'ceou». [Eqniseta'- 
ecus.] Resembling the Equisetum. See 
Equisetace.e. 
Eq'nl-tant. [Eq'uitans; from 
etfuito, equita’tum, to “ride.”] Lami- 
nated; riding, or folded ono upon an- 
other. 
£q-ni-ta'tion. [Equita'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] Exercise on horseback; 
riding. 
E-quiv'a-!ents. [JEqiiivalpn'tia; 
from eequiva'leo, to “be of like value."] 
The system of definite ratios in which 
elements always combine, referred to a 
common standard reckoned unity. Thus, 
1 is the equivalent number of hydrogen, 
8 of oxygen, 28 of lime, 20 of magnesia, 
48 of potash, 54 of nitric acid, and 40 
of sulphuric acid: hence, if hydrogen 
combines with oxygen, it is always in 
the proportion of 1 to 8; so if nitric 
acid is saturated with lime, the com- 
pound (nitrate of lime) will be in the 
proportion of 54 of the acid to 28 of 
lime; the nitrate of magnesia, in the 
proportion of 51 of the acid to 20 of mag- 
nesia, etc.; so likewise when sulphuric 
acid combines with magnesia, it is always 
in the proportion of 40 to 20; if with 
potash, of 40 to 48, etc. 
Er'M-um.* A newly-discovered 
metal, occurring along with yttria. 
E-rcc'tile Tis'sue. [Te'la Erec'- 
tilis. See next article.] A peculiar tis- 
sue, susceptible of erection, or rapid tur- 
gescence, by an increased flow of blood 
to the part. It is chiefly composed of 
arteries and veins, the latter greatly 
predominating, with cells or minute cavi- 
ties communicating with each other. 
E-rec'tor, o'ris.* [From er'irjo, erec'- 
tum, to “erect."] Applied to certain 
muscles. 
Er-e-ma-cau'sis.* [From ftpi/ia, by 
“degrees,” and Kauats, a “burning.”] 
The slow combustion, or oxidation, to 
which organic bodies are liable. 
Er'e-thism. [Ercttiis'inus; from 
cpcQtjco, to “irritate.”] The state of 
increased sensibility and irritability 
attending the early stage of acute dis- 
eases, or the excessive use of mercury. 
Er-e-this'mus Trop'I-cias.* 
(“Tropical Erethism.”) A name ap- 
plied by recent writers to that morbid 
condition of the system which results 
from a sunstroke. 
Ergot. See Ergota. 
Er-jgo'ta.* [From the French Erqot, 
en'go', “spurred rye.”] Er'got. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || of the seed, dis- 
eased by a parasitic fungus, of Seca'le 
cerea'le, or rye. Ergot has the remark- 
able property of exciting powerfully the 
contractile force of the uterus, and it is 
chiefly employed for this purpose. Its 
189 ERG 
ERY 
long-continued use, however, is highly 
dangerous. Bread made of flour con- 
taining ergot, has not unfrequently occa- 
sioned, in Europe, fatal epidemics, usu- 
ally attended with dry gangrene. 
Er'jgo-tism. [Ergotis'mus.] The 
poisonous effects of ergot of rye. 
Ericaceae,* er-e-ka'she-e, or Er'I- 
5*.* A natural order of exogenous 
shrubs or under-shrubs, found in Europe, 
Asia, America, and South Africa. It in- 
cludes the A rbutus, Azalea, Erica ( Heath), 
Kalmia, Rhododendron, and other genera 
prized for the beauty of their flowers. 
The plants of this order are generally 
astringent and diuretic. 
E-ri£'er-on.* [From rjp,“ sprin g,” an d 
ykpov, an “old man;” because it is hoary 
in spring.] Fleabane. The Pharma- 
copocial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb of 
Erig'eron heterophyVlum, and of Erig'- 
eron PhiladeVphicum. 
Erig'eron Can-a-den'se.* Canada 
Fleabane. The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the herb of Erigeron Cana- 
dense. 
Eriocaulacefe,* e-re-o-kau-Ia'she-e, 
or E-rl-o-cau-lo'ne-av* [From Erio- 
cau'lon, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of endogenous plants, found in 
marshes in Australia and tropical Ame- 
rica. 
E-ro'ded. [Ero'sus; from e, “out,” 
and ro'do, ro'sum, to “gnaw.”] A botani- 
cal term signifying “notched.” 
E-ro'dent. [Ero'deus; from the 
same.] Eating out, or eating away. 
E-ro'sion. [Ero'sio, o'nis; from 
the same.] An eating or gnawing away. 
Similar to Ulceratiox. 
E-rot'ic. [Erot'icns; from 'pcoy, 
tpwro;, “love.”] Pertaining to love; 
arising from love. 
E-ro-to-iBta'ial-a.* [From epiog, “love,” 
and pavia, “madness.”] Melancholy, or 
madness, caused by love. 
Er-rat'ic. [Errat'icns; from er'ro, 
erra'tum, to “wander.”] Wandering; 
moving from one place to another. 
Errenr de Eieu. See Error Loci. 
Er'rSiinc. [Errhi'nns; from h, 
“in,” and piv, the “nose.”] A medicine 
which increases the natural secretion of 
the membrane lining the nose: sternu- 
tatory. 
Er’ror Eo'ci.* (“Mistake of Place or 
Position.”) (Fr. Errenr de Lieu, er'ruR' 
deh le-uh'.) A term formerly applied to 
certain derangements in the capillary 
circulation. Boerhaave conceived that 
the vessels for the circulation of blood, 
lymph, and serum, were of different 
sizes; and that when the larger-sized 
globules passed into the smaller vessels 
the obstruction caused inflammation. 
E-ruc-t»'tion. [Eructa'tio, o'nis; 
from erue'to, eructa'tum, to “ belch.”J 
Any sudden burst of wind, or liquid, 
from the stomach, by the mouth. 
E-rupt'. [See next article.] To burst 
through; as a tooth through the gum. 
E-rup'tioii. [Erup'tio. o'nis/ from 
e, “out,” and rum'po, rup'tum, to “ burst” 
or “ break.”] A discoloration, or break- 
ing out of pimples on the skin. 
E-rup'tlve Fe'vers. A designation 
applied by Dr. Good to diseases belong- 
ing to his order Exanthematica. 
Er-va*len'ta.* A powder of farina 
obtained from Ervum lens, or common 
lentil. The dietetical use of it is said to 
prevent constipation. 
Ervum I.ons. See Ervalenta. 
E-rjn’go. The candied root of the 
Eryn'gium Ccimpes'tre, regarded by Boer- 
haave as the first of aperient diuretic 
roots. It is now but little used. 
Er-y-stp'e-las, at?*.* [From iprQpog, 
“red,” and ?rcAof, or iriWa, a “skin.”] 
(Fr. Erysiplle, &T£'ze'pfd' or i'ri'zi'pAl'.) 
Redness or inflammation of some part 
of the skin, with fever, inflammatory 
or typhoid, and, generally, vesications 
on the affected part, and symptomatic 
fever. It is also called St. Anthony’s 
FireyIg’uis Sa'cer (“Sacred Fire”), the 
Rose, and other names. 
Er-y-sip-e-la-to-i'des.* [From ery- 
sip'elas, and eldog, a“ form.”] Resembling 
erysipelas: erysip'elatoid. 
Erysipfcle. See Erysipelas. 
Er-y-llie'nm. at/*,* [From ipvBairo>, 
to “ redden.”] (Fr. Erythhne, i'ri’tem'.) 
Redness of a part; a mere rash or efflo- 
rescence not accompanied by swelling, 
vesication, or fever. 
Erytliilnie. See Erythema. 
Er-y-tlira’ a. ' [From cpuOpaios, “red.”] 
A genus of plants of the class Pentan- 
drin, natural order Genlianacess. 
EryOira' a C’en-tau'rl-um.* Tho 
common centuary, or Chironia centau- 
rium. 
E-rytti'rie Afitl. [From epvOpdg, 
“red.”] An acid obtained by the action 
of nitric acid on lithic acid, yeliow at 
first, but becoming red by being exposed 
to the sun’s rays. 
Er'ytli-rin, or Er'yth-rlne. [Ery- 
tliri'na; from ipv0p6/, “red.”] The 
coloring matter of the Lichen roccella. 
See Archil. 
190 E r-y t A' ro-gen. [Erythroge'- 
nium; from cpvdpdt, “red,” and yevram, 
to “generate.”] Literally, “that which 
produces red.” Applied to a peculiar 
animal principle, considered as the base 
of the coloring matter of the blood. 
Also, a variety of Chromogen (the color- 
ing matter of vegetables); because it 
produces a red color with acids. 
Er'y-throiti. [Erythroi'des; from 
ipudpdi, “red," and £t<ioj, a “form,” “re- 
semblance.”] Of a red color: reddish. 
Er'ythroid Coat. The vaginal coat 
of the testis. 
Er'ythroid Ves'I-cle. An enlarge- 
ment of the (future) umbilical cord in 
the embryo of most of the Jluminantia, 
and of the pig. 
E-rytli'ro-phyll, or Er'y-thro- 
pliylle, called also Er'^-thro-phyl'- 
lin. [From £p>0p6$, “red,” and <pi\\ov, a 
“leaf.”] A term applied by Berzelius to 
the red coloring matter of fruits and 
leaves in autumn. 
Er-y-thro’sis.® [From £pu0p(5j,“red.”] 
Pletho'ra arterio'sa. A form of plethora 
in which the blood is rich in fibrin and 
in bright red pigment; a state corre- 
sponding in some measure with what has 
been termed the “arterial constitution.” 
Erythroxylaceae,* er-e-throx-e- 
la'she-e. [From Erythrox'ylon, one of 
the genera.] A natural order of exo- 
genous trees and shrubs, found in South 
America and the West Indies. 
Er-y-throx'y-lon Co'ca.® A shrub 
growing in South America, the leaves 
of which (known by the name of coca) 
are a powerful nervous stimulant; so that 
those who chew them can work or travel 
a whole day without food. 
Escalloniaceay* es-kal lo-ne-a'- 
she-e. [From Excallo'nia, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, found in temperate climates. 
Es'ehar. [Es'chara; from io%ap6a>, 
to “scab over.”] The hard, black, or 
gray slough caused by caustic or cautery. 
Es-char-ot'ic. [Essharot'icns.] 
Applied to a substance which forms an 
eschar. 
Es'cu-lent. [Escalentus; from 
es'co, to “feed upon a thing.”] Fit for 
food. 
Esculin. See JSsculim. 
Es'o-en-ter-i’tis.® [Fromtaw, “with- 
in,” and enteri'ti*.] Inflammation of the 
mucous membrane of the intestines. 
Es'o-gas-tri'tis.® [From cao>, “ with- 
in," and gastri'tis.] Inflammation of 
the mucous membrane of the stomach. 
ERY 
Es-o-t£r'ic. [Esoter'icus; from 
ctrJjTtpos, ‘‘ within.”] Applied to a series 
of phenomena or changes, resulting iroin 
causes internal and proper to the organ- 
ism. 
Esprit, The French term 
for “spirit” or “essence.” Any subtile 
and volatile product of distillation. 
Es'sence. [Essen'tia; from es'se, 
to “ be.”] The chief properties or vir- 
tues extracted from any substance. 
Es'sence of Su'gijr. Oxalic acid. 
Essen'tia (es-sen'she-a) Ab-i'e-tis.* 
Essence of Spruce; prepared by boiling 
in water the young tops of some conifer- 
ous plant, as the Abies nigra, or Black 
Spruce, and concentrating the decoction 
by evaporation. 
Essen'tia Ri'na.® A substance used 
to color brandy, porter, etc.; prepared 
by boiling coarse sugar till it is black 
and bitter; it is then made into a syrup 
with lime-water. 
Es-sen'tial Oils. Oils obtained by 
distillation from odoriferous vegetable 
substances. They are also called vola- 
tile oils. 
Esscn'tial Salt of Eem'ons. A 
mixture of cream of tartar and binoxal- 
ate of potash. 
Es'se-ra,.* [From the Arabic.] An- 
other name for Nettle-Rash, or the Urti- 
caria of Willan. 
Estivation. See zEstivatio. 
Estomac, es'to'mil' or es'to'm&k'. The 
French term for Stomach, which see. 
Etage, At&zh'. The French term for 
Stage, which see. 
Etain, &'taN0'. The French term for 
Tim (or pewter), which see. 
E'tlial. A peculiar oily substance 
obtained from spermaceti; also termed 
hydrate of oxide of cetyl. The term is 
formed of the first syllables of ether and 
alcohol. 
E'thcr. [JE'tlior, eris; from aiOrjp, 
“air.”] A volatile liquor obtained from 
alcohol and a concentrated acid. 
E'ther, \i trous. [iE'ther Xitro'- 
siis.] The ether obtained by distilling 
equal weights of alcohol and concen- 
trated nitric acid. 
E'ther, Rec'ti-fled. [BE'ther Recti- 
fica'tus.] Sulphuric ether freed from 
the small portion of alcohol and sulphu- 
rous acid which it contains, by the pro- 
cess of rectification. 
E'ther, Sul-phu'ric,oriE'therSiil- 
phu'rl-cus.* The Pharmacopceial name 
(Ed. and Dub. Ph.) of ether obtained from 
a mixture of rectified spirit and sulphuria 
ETH 
191 ETII 
EUN 
acid; also called sEther vitriolicus. See 
Spiritiis JEtheris Sulphurici. 
See Ethereal. 
E-ttie're-al. [JEthe'reus, or iE- 
the'rius; from m'ther.] (Fr. Ethere, 
Etk'rk'.) Applied to any highly rectified 
essential oil or spirit. 
Etlie'real Oil. The Oleum vini found 
in the residuum of sulphuric ether, and 
forming the basis of Hoffman’s celebrated 
anodyne. 
Eth'er-in, or Eth'er-Ine. A term 
synonymous with olefiant gas, elayl, or 
hydruret of acetyl. 
E-ther-i-za'tion. [AEtheriza'tio, 
o'm's.] The inhaling the fumes of ether, 
to produce insensibility to pain. 
Eth'er-ole. A carbo-hydrogen, com- 
monly known as light oil of wine. 
E-thi-on'ic A<y'a«l. An acid formed 
by the action of sulphuric acid on ether 
and alcohol. 
Ethiops Mineral. See JEtiiiops 
Mineral. 
Eth'moid. [Ethmoi'cles; from 
j/O/joj, a “sieve,” and ritloj, a “form.”] 
Resembling a sieve; cribriform. 
Eili'inoid Bone. [Lat. Os Eth- 
moi'deum; Fr. On Cribleux, o kuA- 
bluh'.] One of the bones composing the 
cranium; so named because its upper 
plate is pierced with a number of small 
holes, through which pass the filaments 
of the olfactory nerves. In Comparative 
Anatomy, the term is restricted by Owen 
to the part of the bone directly concerned 
in supporting the membrane and cells 
of the olfactory organ. 
Eth-moi'dal. [Etlimoida'lis.] Be- 
longing to the ethmoid bone. 
E<Ii-nug ra-plij. [ Et li n ogra' pli ia; 
from eOrof, a “nation,” and ypd<p<*>, to 
“write.”] The history of the manners, 
customs, origin, etc., of nations. 
Eth-nol'o-gy. [Ethnolo'gia; from 
eOros, a “nation,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
The science which treats of the different 
nations and races of men, their correla- 
tion, their anatomical, physiological, and 
mental peculiarities, etc. 
Eth/jrle. [From aiQrjp, “ether,” and 
vXrj, “material.”] A hypothetical sub- 
stancecomposed of hydrogen and etherin, 
and considered to be the radical of ethers 
and their compounds. 
E-ti-o-la'tion. [Etiola'tio, «’nit.] 
(Fr. Etiolement, i't^'ol'moN0'; from etiole, 
“blanched.”) The state of being 
blanched. Applied to certain plants from 
which the light is excluded as much as 
possible. 
Etiolemenl. See Etiolation. 
Etiology. See Aetiology. 
Etouttement, i'toof'moN0'. The 
French term tor Suffocation, which see. 
Etourdissemeiit, &'tooR'd£ss'moN°\ 
The French term for Vertigo, which see. 
Etraiiglenient, VtroN°'gTmoN0'. The 
French term for Strangulation, which 
see. 
Et'jf-mon.® [From crvpov, the neuter 
of crvpoi, “ true.”] The true origin of a 
word; the radical word or root: hence, 
Etymology, the science which explains 
or treats of the derivation of words. 
Eu'-ehlo-rlne. [From tv, “fine,” and 
xAwpoj, “green.”] The name given by 
Davy to the protoxide of chlorine, on ac- 
count of its deep yellow-green color. 
Eu-ehron'ic A$'id. [From tv, “fine,” 
andxpoa, “color.”] An acid procured by 
the decomposition of the neutral medi- 
tate of ammonia by heat. It forms a 
blue compound with zinc, called Enthrone. 
Eu-di-om'e-ter. [Eudioin'etriim; 
from tibia, “fine weather,” also “good- 
ness of the air,” and perpicv, to “ measure.”] 
An instrument to measure the purity of 
the air or of any gaseous compound, or 
the quantity of oxygen contained in it. 
Eii-<II-oin'e-try. [Eiuiiome'tria; 
from the same.] The method by which 
the purity of atmospheric air is ascer- 
tained. 
Eu-ge'ni-a.® [From Prince Eugene 
of Savoy.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Icomndria, natural order Myrtacese. The 
name of the tree atfording pimento. 
Etige'nia Car-j -o-phjl-la'ta.5 The 
tree which produces the clove; other- 
wise called the Caryophyl'lus aromat'icue. 
Euge nia Ei-nion'ta.* The name 
of the tree which yields pimento. 
Eli-gen ic Eu- 
gen'icum; from Etige'nia caryophyl- 
la'ta, one of the names of the clove-tree.] 
Called also Caryophyllic Acid, and 
Heavy Oil of Cloves. An acid found 
in cloves, along with a neutral salt. 
Eu'genin is a crystallizable compound, 
found also in cloves, and said to be 
isomeric with eugenic acid. Caryophyl'lin 
is another of these compounds. 
En'nnch. [Eumi'ehus; from cirri, 
a “couch,” and Ixw, to “keep,” to 
“guard.”] (Fr. Eunnque, uh'niik'.) A 
man in whom the spermato-poietic, or 
entire genital organs have been re- 
moved. So named because commonly 
employed in the East, from a remote an- 
tiquity, to guard the harem of princes. 
Euuuque. See Eunuch. 
192 EUO 
EVO 
Eu-on'y'-mus.* Wahoo. The Phar- 
macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph., 1860) for the 
bark of Euon'ymus atropurpu' reux. It is 
recommended as a remedy in dropsy, and 
is said to combine the virtues of a tonic 
with those of a hydragogue cathartic and 
diuretic. 
Enpatoire. See Eupatorium. 
Eu-pa-to'rl-um.® (Fr. Enpatoire, 
rh'p&'tw&R'.) Thoroughwort. The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the tops 
and leaves of the Eupato'rium perfoli- 
a'tum. 
Eiiphorbo. See Euphorbia. 
Ea-phor'bl-a.® [From Euphor'bux, 
tljc name of a noted physician.] (Fr. 
Epurge, Apiiuzh', or Euphorbe, rh'foRb'.) 
A Linnaean genus of the class Dodecan- 
dria, natural order Euphorbiaccte. 
Euphor'bia Cor-ol-la'ta.® Large- 
flowering Spurge. The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of Euphorbia 
corollata. 
Eu phor'bia Ip-e-cac-n-an 'ha.s 
Ipecacuanha Spurge. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
Euphorbia Ipecacuanha. 
Euphor bia Eu- 
pbor'bia (“Eu- 
phorbia of the Shops.”) The plant which 
produces Euphorbium. 
Euphorbiacese,® u-for-be-a'she-e. 
[From Euphor'bia, one of the genera.] 
A very large natural order of exogenous 
plants, found in nearly all parts of the 
globe. It includes the Ricinux (castor- 
oil plant), Siphonia (the Caoutchouc, or 
India-Rubber tree), and Croton, which 
yields croton oil. A large proportion of 
the plants of this order are poisonous. 
The stem of Jatropha Manihot, or Cas- 
sava, which when raw is a violent poison, 
becomes a wholesome nutritious food 
when roasted. This order is nearly allied 
to tho Malvacete and Rhamnace/e. 
Eii-phor-bl-a'ceous. [Euphor- 
bia'ceus.] Resembling Euphorbia. See 
Eitphorbiace.e. 
Eu-plior'bi-um.® A resinous sub- 
stance obtained from the Euphorbia offi- 
cinarum, and of undetermined species of 
Euphorbia; called, also, the Euphorbice 
gummi-rexina. 
En'pl-on.® [From tv, “well,” or 
“fine,” and irouv, “fat.”] A colorless 
liquid, obtained by distillation from the 
tar of animal matters, and so named from 
its great limpidity. 
Eu-plas'tic. [From ev, “well,” and 
irXujTif, “ formation.”] A term applied by 
Lobstein to tho elaborated organizable 
matter by which the tissues of the body 
are renewed. The same writer speaks 
of another animal matter, the tendency 
of which is softening and disorganiza- 
tion : this he terms cacoplaxtic. 
Eu-pyri-on.® [From tv, “easily,” 
and vup, “fire.”] Any contrivance for 
obtaining an instantaneous light, as the 
phosphorus-bottle, etc. 
Kfi-sta'chi-an Tube. (Fr. Trompe 
[or Conduit, k6Ns'dw£'] d’Eustache, tr6»ip 
dus't&sh'.) A tube or canal extending 
from behind the soft palate to the tym- 
panum of the ear, first described by 
Eustachius. 
Eusta'chian Valve. The semilunar 
fold of the lining membrane of the heart, 
anterior to the opening of the inferior 
vena cava. 
E-vac’u-ant. [Evac'nans; from 
evac'uo, (■vacua'turn, to “empty.”] Hav- 
ing the property of increasing evacua- 
tions from the bowels, etc. 
E-vac-u-a'tion. [Evacua'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of discharging 
the contents of the bowels, or defecation; 
also, the discharge itself; a dejection or 
stool. 
Evanouissement, i'v&'nw&ss'moN®'. 
The French term for Syncope, which 
see. 
E-vap-o-ra'tion. [Evapora'tio, 
o'ms,• from e, “out,” and vapo'ro, rapo- 
ra'turn, to “ steam,” to “ send out vapor.”] 
The conversion of a liquid into vapor. 
In Medicine, the transformation of a 
liquid into vapor in order to obtain tho 
fixed matters contained in it in a dry 
and separate state. 
E-ven-ttra'tion. [Eventra'tio, 
o'nix; from e, “out of,” and ven'ter, the 
“ belly.”] Tho condition of a monster- 
foetus, in which the abdominal viscera are 
extruded from the natural cavity, and 
enclosed in a projecting membranous sac. 
E-vou-1 u-al'i-ty. The phrenological 
term for the faculty of observing and 
recollecting events, occurrences, etc. 
Eversion of Eyelid. See Ectro- 
pium. 
Ev-o-lu'tion. [Evolu'tio, o'nix; 
from e, “out,” and vol'vo, volu'tum, to 
“ roll;” whence, evol'vo, to “ roll out,” or 
“unfold.”] Synonymous, generally, with 
Development, which see. 
Evolu'tion, Spon-ta'ne-ous. A 
term applied to obstetrical cases where, 
in the presentation or protrusion of the 
arm and shoulder, spontaneous turning 
takes {dace, and the case thus becomes 
one of breech-presentation. 
193 EVU 
EXC 
E-vul'sion. [Evul slo, o'nis ; from 
e, “out,” and vel'lo, vnl'sitm, to “pluck,” 
to “pull.”] The act or process of draw- 
ing out forcibly. 
Ex, or E. A Latin preposition signi- 
fying “out,” or “forth,” “out of,” 
“from,” “beyond.” It often has the 
force of “up;” as Exsiccation, a “drying 
up.” Sometimes it is privative. Ex is 
usually changed to / before a word be- 
ginning with f; as efferens for ex ferens. 
Before the liquids, l, m, n, r, and also be- 
fore b and v, e is used instead of ex. 
Ex (t£). A Greek preposition, signi- 
fying “ out.” See Ec. 
Ex-ag-er-ba'tion. [Exacerba'tio, 
O'nis; from earacer'bo, exacerba'turn, to 
“ become severe or sharp.”] An increased 
force or severity of the symptoms of a 
disease. 
Exseresis,* ex-er'e-sis. [From 
to “take away,” to “remove.”] 
One of the old divisions of Surgery, im- 
plying the removal of parts. 
Ex-al-bii'nii-nous. [ExhIImi'mi- 
nus: fromca-, “without,” andalbti'men.] 
Without ajbumen or perisperm. 
Ex-an-gei'a,* or Ex-an-gi'a.® 
[From if, “out,” and dyyeior, a “vessel.”] 
A term sometimes applied to diseases in 
which the large vessels are ruptured, or 
unnaturally distended. 
Ex-a'nl-a.* [From ex, “out,” and 
a'nus.] A prolapsus, or falling down, of 
the anus. See Archoptosis. 
Ex-an-tlio'ina,;} plural Ex-an- 
them'a-ta. [From i\avQca>, to “burst 
forth as flowers,” to “bloom,” to “break 
out in pustules.”] (Fr. Exantheme, ex'- 
aNo'tem', or Elevure, 4'IAvur'.) A rash, 
or eruption on the skin; also called Ex- 
anthisina. Applied in the plural to an 
order of the class Pyrexise of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Ex-an-tho-mat'ic. [Exanthe- 
inat'icus.] Belonging to exanthema; 
eruptive. 
Ex-aii-the-mat'I-ca.* [The neuter 
plural of Exanthemat'iens. See Ex- 
anthematic.] A name given by Dr. 
Good to an order comprising all eruptive 
fevers. 
Ex-an-tIinin-a-tol'o-[Exanthe- 
matolo'K'ia; from exanthc'ma, “erup- 
tion,” and Adyof, a “discourse.”] The 
consideration of the exanthemata. 
Ex-an-tbem'a-tous. [Exanthema- 
to'sns: from exanthe'ma, “eruption.”] 
Pertaining to exanthemata; having ex- 
anthemata. 
Exantheme. See Exanthema. 
Ex-an-the'sis,* and Ex-an-this'- 
ma.* Nearly the same as Exanthema, 
which see. 
l.\-ar-llii-o'sis, or Ex-ar-tliro'- 
ma.* [From /£, “out,” and apfyov, a 
“joint.”J The same as Luxation. 
Ex-cip'I-cnt. [Excip’iens; from 
excip'io, to “receive.”] Applied to the 
substance used for receiving medicines, 
or hiding their nauseous qualities in its 
more pleasant taste, as the confections, 
conserves, etc. 
Ex-ci&'ion. [Exci'sio, o'nis/ from 
ex, “out” or “off,” and sc in'do, sets'sum, 
to “cut.”] The cutting out, or cutting 
off. of any part. 
Ex-ci-ta-foil'I-tjf. [Excitabil'itas, 
a 'Us; from ex'cito, excita'tum, to “call 
forth,” to “raise up.”] The capacity of 
organized beings to be affected by cer- 
tain agents termed stimuli, excitants, or 
exciting powers. 
Ex-ci'tant. [Ex'citans; from the 
same.] Exciting; stimulating. 
Ex-ci-tii'tion. [Excita'tio, o'nis ; 
from the same.] The act of rousing, or 
quickening into active exercise, some 
power or susceptibility. 
Ex-cite'mcnt. [From the same.] The 
state of being excited. 
Ex-ci'tins' Cause. That which ex- 
cites, or is the immediate cause of, a dis- 
ease. 
Ex-ci'to-Mo'tor-y- (or Ex-cl'to- 
Mo'tor) Pow'er. A peculiar power or 
property seated in the spinal system of 
nerves, by which, if their extremities be 
excited, the impression is conveyed to 
the spinal marrow, and reflected from 
it to the part or limb excited. 
Ex-co-ri-a'tion. [Excoria'tlo, 
o'nis; from ex, “from,” and co'rium, 
the “skin.”] Abrasion or removal, par- 
tial or complete, of the skin. 
Ex'cre-nient. [Excremen'tum; 
from excer'no, excre'tum, to “excrete,” 
to “void by stool.”] The alvine faeces, 
or waste matter discharged from the 
bowels; dung; ordure. 
Excremeiititiousqex-kre-men-tish'- 
us. [Excrementi'tius.] Belonging to 
excrement. 
Ex-erfs-vpiice. [Excrescen'tia; 
from excres'co, to “grow out of.”] (Fr. 
Excroissance, ex'kmv&'soNSs'.) Any pre- 
ternatural formation on any part of the 
body. 
Ex-cro'tion. [Exere'tio, o'nis ; 
from excer'no, excre'tum, to “ sift out,” to 
“separate.”] The separation of those 
fluids from the blood which are sup- 
194 EXC 
posed to be useless, as urine, perspiration, 
etc.: also, any such fluid itself. 
Excr6toire. See Excretory. 
Ex'cre-to-ry. [Excreto'rius; from 
the same.] (Fr.Excretoire, ex'kR&'tw&R'.) 
Having the power of separating and 
throwing off what is superfluous; be- 
longing to excretion. 
Ex cretory Ducts. [Duc'tus Ex- 
creto'rii.] Small vessels that conduct 
the secretion out of a gland. 
Ex-cre'tus.* [See Excretion.] 
Thrown off as superfluous or useless. 
Exoroissance. See Excrescence. 
Ex'e-deus.*' [From ex'edo, to “eat 
out,” to “eat as a worm or sore.”] Eat- 
ing ; consuming. 
Ex-eui-bry-o-na tus.® [From ex. 
priv., and em'bryo, the “ germ of a plant.”] 
Having no embryo. Applied in the 
plural feminine (Exembryona'tee) to the 
Cryptoyamia. 
Ex-foe-ta/tion. [From ex, “out” or 
“without,” and fce'tti8.\ Extra-uterine 
feetation, or imperfect foetation in some 
organ exterior to the uterus. See Eccy- 
ESIS. 
Ex-fo-ll-a'tion. [Exfolia'tio, 
o'nis; from ex. “from,” or “off,” and 
fo’lium, a “leaf;” whence exfo'lio, exfo- 
lia'turn, to “shed the leaf.”] The sepa- 
ration or scaling off of a dead piece of 
bone from the living; also, the separa- 
tion of scales or laminae from any sub- 
stance. 
Exhalaison. See Exhalation. 
Ex-ha'lant. [Exha'Ians; from ex- 
ha1 lo, exhala'tum, to “send forth a 
breath.”] Giving off fumes ; exhaling. 
Ex-ha-la'tion. [Exhala'tio, 
ii’nis ; from the same.] (Fr■. Exhalation, 
ex'AlAz6N0'.) A vapor, fume, or steam. 
A subtile spirit or vapor, from the sur- 
face of the body. Evaporation of moist- 
ure or water by the sun’s heat, etc. 
Ex-hib'it. [From exhib’eo, exhib'- 
itum, to “show” or “exhibit,” to “give.”] 
To administer or give to a patient some 
medicine, or medicinal substance. 
Exo (£fa>). A Greek particle, signify- 
ing “without.” 
Ex-o-ear'di-al. [Exocardia'lis; 
from £fo>, “without,” and xapiia, the 
'‘heart.”] External to the heart. 
Ex-oc-eip'i-tal. [Exoeeipita'lis; 
from £fo>, “without,” and occipita'/ix, 
“occipital.”] Applied hy Owen to the 
lateral part of the occipital bone. 
Exoccip'itaS Bone. In Anthro- 
potomv, the condyloid process of the 
occipital bone: its homologue in the 
archetypal skeleton is called the “neura- 
pophysis.” See Vertebra. 
Ex-od'ic. [Exod'icus; from £(oj, 
“without,” and odoj, a “way.”] Pro- 
ceeding out of the spinal marrow. A 
term proposed hy Dr. M. Hall as prefer- 
able to Reflex motor. 
Ex'o-gen. An exogenous plant. 
E.v-og’en<ous. [Exog'enus; from 
i\oi, “without,” and yiro), to “be born,” 
to “grow.”] Applied to stems of plants 
in which the new matter, whereby they 
increase in diameter, is added at the 
external surface. Applied by Owen to 
those parts, properly called processes, 
of bone, which shoot out as continuations 
of preceding elements. See Autoge- 
nous. 
Ex-og'o-iuini I*ur'ga.* One of the 
names of the jalap-plant. See Jaeap. 
Ex-o in'll Ita-Ios,* Ex-« ni'p lia-Ius.* 
[From fj, “out,” and the “na- 
vel.”] (Fr. Hervie ombiltcale, cr'iiA 6m'- 
be'16'kS.r.) Umbilical hernia. See Om- 
phalocele. 
Ex-oph-th&l'mI-a.* [From if, “ out,” 
and 6q>Qii\n6s, the “eye.”] A swelling 
and protrusion of the eyeball; the same 
as Ophthalmoptoma. 
Ex-or'mi-a.* [From if, “out,” and 
cppe, “rushing.”] Literally, a “rushing 
or breaking out.” A term used by the 
Greeks as synonymous with ecthyma, or 
papulous skin, comprising gum-rash, etc. 
Ex-or-rlei'zous. [ Exorrhi'zus : 
from ifw, “ without,” and pi(a, a “root.”] 
Applied to plants having the radicle 
free and naked, that is, not enclosed in 
any sheath. 
Ex’o-fikel'e-ton. [Exoscel'efon; 
from rfo), “without,” and oxtXtTdv, a 
“skeleton.”] The skeleton in such ani- 
mals as have a hard or bony case, or 
external skeleton. See Deemoskeleton. 
Ex-os'inic. [Exos'micus.] Be- 
longing to e.rosmo8e. 
Ex-os-mose'. [Exosnio'sis; from 
ifa), “without,” and ciapoj, “impulsion.”] 
A movement in liquids separated by a 
membranous partition, by which their 
principles are interchanged. This term 
is given to the liquid passing outwards. 
See Endosmose. 
Exostemina Caribeum. See Bark, 
Caribean. 
Ex-os'to-ma.* [From £f&>, “with- 
out,” and aTopa, a “mouth.”] See Micro- 
PYLE. 
Exosto'ma.* Nearly the same as Ex- 
ostosis, which see. 
Ex-os-to'sis.* [From «fa>, “with- 
EXO 
195 EXO 
EXT 
out,” and oanfo, a “bone.”] An exube- 
rant growth of bony matter on the sur- 
face of a bone; the enlargement of a 
part or the whole of a bone. 
Ev-o-t eric. [Exoter'icus; from 
rjdrrpof, the comparative degree of £|w.] 
Applied to a series of periodic, vital 
phenomena, being such as result from 
causes external to the organism. 
Exothecium,* ex-o-the'she-um. 
[From sj>tn, “ without,” and dr/xn, a “ case.”] 
The name given by Purkinje to the coat 
of the anther. 
Ex-ot'ic. [Exot'icus; from £fo>, 
“ without.”] Foreign ; belonging to what 
is without, or beyond the limits of, our 
own country. 
Ex-pan-sI-bil'I-ty. [Expansibil'- 
it as. it'tin ; from ex, “out,” and pun'do, 
pan'sum, to “spread.”] The capability 
of being expanded or dilated. 
Ex-pan'sion. [Expan'sio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The increase of bulk, 
or of surface, of which natural bodies 
are susceptible. 
Ex-pec'to-rant. [Expec'torans; 
from expec'toro, expectora'turn, to “dis- 
charge from the breast” (from ex, “ out,” 
“from,” and pcc'tus, the “breast”).] 
Facilitating or promoting the ejection 
of mucus, or other fluids, from the lungs 
and trachea. 
Ex-pec-to-rii'tion. [Expectora- 
tio, o'nis ; from the same.] The act of 
ejecting from the lungs, or trachea, by 
spitting; also, the substance ejected. 
Ex-pel'leut. [Expel'lens: from 
expel'lo, to “drive out.”] Driving out. 
Ex-pi-rii'tion. [Expira'tio, o'nis; 
from expi'ro, expira’tum, to “breathe 
forth.”] The act of breathing out, or 
expelling air from the lungs. 
Ex-plo-ra'tion. [Explora'tio, 
o'nis; from explo'ro, explora' turn, to 
“search diligently.”] The investigation 
of the physical signs attending disease, 
as distinguished from what are commonly 
termed the symptoms ; consisting of aus- 
cultation, inspection, mensuration, palpa- 
tion, and percussion. 
Ex-pressed' Oils. Oils obtained from 
bodies by pressure. See Expression. 
Ex-pres'sion. [Expres'sio. o'nis ; 
from ex, “out,” and pre'mo, pres’sum, to 
“press.”] The process of forcing out 
the juices and oils of plants by means 
of a press. Also, the manifestation of 
the feelings, by the countenance, attitude, 
or gesture. 
Ex-pul'sion. [Expul'sio, o'nis; 
from ex, “out,” and pel'lo, pul'sum, to 
“drive,” to “force.”] The act of void- 
ing the bowels or bladder. The delivery 
of the placenta; also, the extrusion of 
an immature foetus. 
Ex-pul'sive. [Expel'lens; from 
the same.] (Fr. Expuls if, ex'piil's&f'.) 
Applied to the pains in the second stage 
of childbirth, by which the child is ex- 
pelled. Applied in Surgery to a bandage 
so adjusted as to expel pus or other fluid. 
Ex-san'guine, Ex-gan-gnin'e-ons. 
[Exsangiiiii'eiig; from ex, priv., and 
san'guis, “ blood.”] Deprived of blood: 
anmmial; anasmic. 
Ex-gan-giiin'i-ty. [Exganguinl- 
tas, a 'tin; from the same.] The state 
of being without blood: anaemia. 
Ex-sert'ed. [Exser'tus; from ex'- 
sero, exser' turn, to “ thrust out.”] Pro- 
truding beyond, as the stamens out of 
the corolla. 
Ex-gic-ca'tion. [Exsleca' tio,o')iis; 
from exsie'eo, exsieca'tun), to “ dry up.”] 
The process of drying moist bodies by 
applying heat, or atmospheric air, or 
absorbing the moisture by soft spongy 
substances. 
Ex-gtip'n-late. [Exstipula'tus; 
from ex, priv., and stip'ula, a “stipule.”] 
Without stipules. 
Ev'sl ro-pliy. [Exslrophia. or 
Ec'stroplie; from U, “ out,” and arpapm, 
to “turn” or “twist.”] Applied to a 
congenital malformation, in which, from 
deficiency in the abdominal wall, the 
bladder appears to be turned inside out, 
having the internal surface of the pos- 
terior paries situated outwardly on the 
lower part of the body. 
Exsudation. See Exudation. 
Extengeur. See Extensor. 
Ex-ten'gion. [Exten'gio, o'nis; 
from ex, “out,” and ten'do, ten'sum, to 
“stretch.”] The pulling of a fractured 
limb in a direction from the trunk, to ob- 
viate retraction of the lower fragments; 
also, similar treatment in dislocations. 
Ex»ten'sor,o'rtVs [From the same.] 
(Fr. Extcnsenr, ex'toN“'sUR'.) An ex- 
tender. Applied to several muscles. 
Exten'sor lire'vis l>i£-I-to'rum 
Pe'dis.® (“Short Extensor of the 
Toes.”) A muscle situated on the back 
of the foot, having for its office to extend 
the first four toes. 
Exten'sor Coni-inu'nis Digito'- 
rum Pe'dis.* (“Common Extensor 
of the Toes.”) A muscle situated on 
the anterior part of the leg, and attached 
to the phalanges of the last four toes, 
which it extends. 
196 EXT 
EYE 
Exten'sor Digito'rum Commit'- 
nis.* (“Common Extensor of the Fin- 
gers.”) A muscle of the forearm, the 
tendons of which are inserted into the 
phalanges of all the fingers, which it 
extends. 
Extensor Pro'prI-iis Pol'll-eis 
Pe'tlis.* (“Extensor Proper of the 
Thumb of the Foot, or Great Toe.”) A 
muscle on the anterior part of the leg: 
its office is to extend the toe. 
Ex-tir-pa'tion. [Extirpa'tio, o'nis; 
from extir'po,cxtirpa'tum,to “root out.”] 
The complete removal or eradication of 
a part, by the knife or caustic. ' 
Ex’tra.® A Latin preposition signi- 
fying “without,” “on the outside,” “be- 
yond,” “over and above.” 
Ex'tract. [Extractum; from ex, 
“out,” and tra'ho, trac'tum, to “draw.”] 
(Fr. Extrait, ex'tR&'.) Literally, “that 
which is drawn out or extracted” from 
any thing. The soluble parts of vegetable 
substances, dissolved in spirit, or water, 
and reduced to the consistence of a 
syrup or paste by evaporation. Also, 
the product of an aqueous decoction. 
Ex-trao'ta,® the plural of Extrac- 
TUir, which see. 
Ex-trac'tion. [Extrac'tio, o'nis; 
from the same ] The drawing of a tooth, 
or taking foreign substances out of the 
body, or a tumor out of its cavity, etc. 
Ex-trac'tlve. [Extraeti'vus; from 
the same.] (Fr. Extractif, ex'tuik't^f'.) 
Applied to a peculiar modification of 
vegetable matter forming one constitu- 
ent part of common extracts. 
Extrac'tive Prin'ciples. The de- 
signation of a variety of compounds, most 
of which crystallize, and have a bitter 
taste, but cannot be referred to any par- 
ticular series. 
For the names and preparation 
of the officinal extracts, see the U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia, pp. 142-180. 
Ex-trac'tum,* plural Ex-trac'ta. 
[From the same.] (Fr. Extrait, ex'tni'.) 
An extract; a preparation obtained by 
the evaporation of a vegetable solution, 
or a native vegetable juice. Its basis is 
termed extractive, or extractive principle. 
Extrac’tum fan'na-bis.® (“ Extract 
of Hemp.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the alcoholic extract of 
the dried tops of the Cannabis sativa 
(vrtriety fndica). 
Extrac'tum Gly^-yr-risi'*ae.® 
/“Extract of Liquorice.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the ex- 
tract of the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. 
This extract is the “liquorice” of tho 
shops. 
Ex-t ra-fo-ll-a' ceous. [Ext rafo- 
lia'eeus; from ex'tra, “without,” and 
fo'lium, a “leaf.”] External to the leaf. 
Applied to stipidse below the footstalk. 
Extrait, ex'tni'. A French term 
for Extract, which see. 
Ex'tra-E'ter-ine. [From ex'tra, 
“on the outside,” and u'terus.] Applied 
to those cases of pregnancy in which 
the foetus is contained in some organ 
outside of the uterus. 
Ex-t rav-a-sa'tlun. [Extra'vasa’- 
tio, o'n is; from ex'tra, “without,” and 
van, a “vessel.”] The effusion of a fluid 
(or its state when effused) out of its 
proper vessel or receptacle. 
Ex-trem'I-ty. [Extrem'itas, a'tig; 
from extre'mum, the “outermost part” 
or “end” of any thing.] Any of the 
four limbs of animals. 
Ex-tro-ver'sion. [From extror'sum, 
“outwards,” and ver'to, ver'sum, to 
“turn.”] That kind of malformation in 
which a part is turned inside outwards. 
The same as Exstrophy. 
Ex-u ber-eS.* [From ex, priv„ and 
u'ber, “pap” or “udder.”] Applied to 
weaned infants, as opposed to Sububeres, 
or those being suckled. 
Ex-u-«la'tion. [Exuda'tio, o'nis ; 
from exu'do, exuda'tum, to “sweat out” 
(contracted from ex, “out,” and m'do, to 
“sweat”).] A sweating; the passing 
out of any liquid through the walls (or 
membranes) of the vessel containing it. 
Also applied to the oozing of the Liquor 
sanguinis through the vascular walls. 
Ex ii-dii-tive. [Exndati'vus; from 
the same.] Belonging to exudation; 
promoting exudation. 
Ex-ul-cer-a'tion. [Exulcera'tio, 
o'nis; from exul'cero, exulcer a'turn, to 
“make sore.”] A soreness; the early 
state, or commencement, of ulceration. 
Ex-u'vl-ay* gen. Ex-u-vl-a'rum, 
found only in the plural. [From ex'uo, 
to “strip,” “spoil,” or “put off.”] Tho 
shells, etc., found in particular strata. 
In Zoology, applied to the slough, or 
cast skins of animals whose nature it is 
to throw them off at certain seasons. 
Ex-u'vl-al. [Exuvia'lis.] Be- 
longing to exuvite. 
Eye. [Lat. Oe'ulus; Gr. 6<j>0a\y6s; 
Fr. (EH, uy’ or ul; Ger. Auge, ow'Geh.] 
The organ of vision. The eyes occupy 
two cavities, called orbits, situated in 
the lower anterior part of the cranium; 
they communicate with the brain by 
197 EYE 
FAL 
means of the optic nerves. The organ 
consists of a ball or globe containing 
within itself the iris, lens, the aqueous 
and vitreous humors, the retina, etc. 
This ball moves freely in a socket, and is 
readily turned at will in every direc- 
tion by six muscles especially appro- 
priated to this purpose. It is covered 
anteriorly by a delicate mucous mem- 
brane, termed the conjunct!'va, and is 
protected from external injury by the 
eyelashes and eyelids. At the very front 
part of the ball, is situated a transparent, 
horny membrane', termed the cornea. 
The various parts of the eye will be 
more particularly noticed, each in its 
alphabetical place. 
Eye of Ty'phon. The mystic name 
given by the Egyptians to the Squill, or 
sea-onion. 
Eyebrow. See Supercilium. 
Eyelash. See Cilium. 
Eyelid. See Palpebra. 
Eye'-Teetli. The upper Cuspidati, 
or canine teeth, the fangs of which reach 
almost to the orbits of the eye. 
F. 
F., or Ft. = Fi'at,* or Fi'ant.* “Let 
there be made.” 
Fa'ba Por-ci'na.® The fruit of 
Hyoscy'anuis ni'ger. 
Fa'ba Ptir-ga'trix.® The bean of 
Ricinus communis. 
Fa'ba Sanc'ti Ig-na'ti-i.® (“Bean 
of St. Ignatius.”) See Ignatia. 
Fa'ba Su-iria.* The fruit of Hyo- 
scy am us niger. 
Fabacese. See Leocminos.e. 
Fa-ba'ceous. [Faba'ceus; from 
fa'ba, a “bean.”] Having beans; of 
the nature of beans. 
Face. [Fa'cies.] The anterior and 
lower part of the head. The various 
surfaces, or planes, by which a crystal 
is bounded. 
Face A'gue. A form of neuralgia, 
which occurs in the nerves of the face. 
Face f&ss The 
“ pinched or contracted facea peculiar 
expression of features forming one of 
the symptoms in peritonitis. 
Fac ets, or Fa'cets. [From the 
French Facette, a “small surface.”] The 
small circumscribed surfaces of a bone. 
Applied in Zoology to the different bases 
into which the surface of the compound 
eyes of the Arachnidse, Crustacea, and 
Insecta is divided. Also applied in 
Mineralogy to the planes or faces of a 
crystal. 
Fa'cial. [Facia'lis: from fa'cies.] 
Belonging to the face. 
Facial Angle. Sec Angle, Facial. 
Fa'cial Serve. [Xer'vns Facia'- 
Iis.] The Portio dura of the seventh 
pair. 
Fa'cial Vein. A vein which com- 
mences at the summit of the forehead; 
it crosses the face obliquely, and joins 
the internal jugular. See Angular. 
Facies. See Face. 
Fa'cies (fa'she-ez) Hip-po-crat'I- 
ea.® The peculiar expression of the 
features immediately before death, so 
called because first described by Hippo- 
crates. 
Fa'cies Itu'bra.® The red face; 
another name for the Gutta rosacea. See 
Acne. 
Fac-li'l ions. [Facti'tius; from 
fa'cio, fac'tum, to “make.”] Made by 
art; artificial. 
Fac'ul-t.y. [Facul'tas: from fa- 
ce're, to “do,” to “make.”] The power 
or ability by which an action is per- 
formed. Also employed to denote col- 
lectively the medical professors, or those 
of any other department, in a university. 
The phrase “ medical faculty” is also 
used in a more general sense, to signify 
those skilled in the science of medicine. 
Fie'eeS.® [The plural of fax, fse'cis, 
“sediment.”] Dregs, or sediment. The 
alvine excretions or excrements. 
Faecula. See Fecula. 
Fseeulent. See Feculent. 
Fa'&in. [Fagi'na.] A narcotic 
substance obtained from the nuts of the 
Fagus sylvatica. 
Fahrenheit’s Thermometer. See 
Thermometer. 
Faiblesse. See Debility. 
Faim. See Fames. 
Faint'ing. See Deliquium Aotmi, 
and Syncope. 
Faisceau, f&'so'. The French term 
for Fasciculus, which see. 
Faix, fi. The French term for Fcetus, 
which see. 
[Falcifor'mis: from 
falx, a “ scythe” or “ sickle.”] Re- 
sembling a scythe in shape. 
Fal'eiform Process. [ Proces'sus 
198 FAL 
FAS 
Falcifor'mis.] A process of the dura 
mater, separating the hemispheres of 
the brain, and ending in the tentorium. 
Falling. See Procidentia, and Pro- 
lapsus. 
Falling Sickness. See Epilepsy. 
Fal-lo'pi-an. [Fallopia'nus.] Ap- 
plied to certain tubes or canals, and a 
ligament, first pointed out by the cele- 
brated anatomist Fallopius. 
Fallo'pian Lig'a-incnt. The round 
ligament.of the uterus. 
Fallo'pian Tubes. Two canals en- 
closed in the peritonaeum, and extending 
from the sides of the Fundus uteri to 
the ovaries. See Uterus. 
Fallopius, Aqueductof. See Aque- 
duct op Fallopius. 
False. [Fal'sus; from fal'lo, fal'- 
sum, to “ deceive.”] (Fr. Faux, fo, or 
Fausse, foss.) A term often applied in 
medicine to an unnatural or diseased 
condition of certain parts, as False 
Joint, False Membrane. 
False Aneurism. See Aneurism. 
False Conception. See Concep- 
tion, False. 
False Joint. See Artificial Joint. 
False Mem'brane. This is always 
the result of inflammation, as that pro- 
duced in pleurisy, in peritonitis, in 
croup, etc. 
False Fas sage. A passage formed 
by the laceration or ulceration of the 
mucous membrane of the urethra, from 
forcible introduction of instruments in 
a wrong direction. 
False Ribs. [CosT;e Spu'riae.] The 
five inferior ribs, which (except the last 
two, or floating ribs) are joined ante- 
riorly to each other and to the cartilage 
of the last true rib. 
False Vision. See Pseudoblep- 
sia. 
False Wa'ters. (Fr. Fausses Eavx, 
foss o.) A term applied by the French 
to a serous fluid which accumulates be- 
tween the chorion and the amnion, and 
is discharged at certain periods of preg- 
nancy. This must not be confounded 
with the liquor amnii, which they term 
simply the “waters” (eaux). 
Fftix <’£r-e-beUi.* (“ Scythe of 
the Cerebellum.” Fr. Faux du Cervelet, 
fo dii seRv'Kt'.) A triangular portion 
of tbe dura mater, separating the two 
looes of the cerebellum. 
Falx Wr'e-bri.* (“Scythe of the 
Cerebrum.” Fr. Faux du Cerveau, fo 
dii seR'vo'.) The same as Falciform 
Process, which see- 
Falx Major. See Falciform Pro- 
cess. 
Falx Minor. See Falx Cerebelli. 
Fa mes.® (Fr. Faim, faN«.) A Latin 
term signifying “hunger.” lienee the 
terms cura famis, abstinence from food; 
and fames canina, voracious or canine 
appetite. See Bulimia. 
Fam'I-ly. [Fami'lia.] A number 
of genera having some organic resem- 
blances. 
Fang. [Ger. Fan'qen, to “take” or 
“seize” as prey, to “bite.”] Applied to 
the sharp-pointed, perforated tooth in 
the superior maxillary bone of venomous 
serpents, through which a poisonous fluid 
flows into the wound made by it. Also, 
the root of a tooth. 
Farrimen. See Farcy. 
Far-cim-I-na'lis.* [From farci'men, 
“ sausage-meat.”] The same as Allan- 
toid, which see. 
Fare'tus.* [From far'cio, farc'tum, 
to “stuff.”] Stuffed, filled, crammed. 
Far'cjr, or Far-t*i'inen*(called, also, 
r.qiii'11i:i and GlanTlers). [From 
far'cio, to “stuff.”] A disease in which 
numerous small tumors suppurate and 
form ulcers. It occurs in the horse, ass, 
and mule; and is often communicated 
by contagion to men attending on those 
animals. In its aggravated form it is 
generally fatal. 
Fa-ri'na.* [From far, all kinds of 
corn.] Wheat flour. The Pharmaco- 
pceial name for the flour from the seeds 
of Triticum vulgare. 
F&r-l-na'eeous. [Farina'ceus.] 
Belonging to or containing farina; of the 
nature of farina. 
Far-.Siglitcdness. See Presbyopia. 
Fascia,* fash'e-a. [From fas'eis, a 
“bundle.”] Originally, a “swathe,” 
“bandage,” or “roller.” The tendinous 
expansion of muscles; an aponeurosis. 
Fas cia Frib-rl-lbr'niis.* (“Sieve- 
like Fascia.”) A web of cellular sub- 
stance stretched from the lower edge of 
Poupart’s ligament over the inguinal 
glands; so called because it is pierced 
with numerous openings for the trans- 
mission of the lymphatic vessels. 
Fas'cia II-i'a-ca.* (“ Iliac Fascia.”) 
A strong fascia which covers the inner 
surface of the iliac and psoas muscles. 
Fas'cia In-fun-dib'u-lI-for'iHis.* 
(“Funnel-shaped Fascia.”) A portion 
of cellular membrane which passes 
down on the spermatic cord, where it 
penetrates the Fascia transversalis. 
Fas'cia Fata..* (“Broad Fascia.”) 
199 FAS 
FEB 
A broad tendinous expansion continued 
from the tendons of the Glutei and 
neighboring muscles, and maintaining in 
their proper position the various muscles 
of the thigh. 
Fascia Lata is also the name of a mus- 
cle at the upper and exterior part of the 
thigh. See Tensor Vagina: Femoris. 
Fas'cia I*ro'prI-a.® The proper 
cellular envelope of a hernial sac. 
Fas'cia Spi-ra'lis.® (“Spiral 
Roller.”) A name for the common roller 
which is wound spirally round a limb. 
Fas'cia (“ Su- 
perficial Fascia.”) A very thin layer 
of cellular membrane, which covers the 
abdominal muscles immediately under 
tho skin. 
Fau'cia Tor'ti-lis.® A name for the 
tourniquet. 
Fas'cia Trans-ver-sa'lis.* The 
cellular membrane lining the inner sur- 
face of the Transversalis abdominis 
muscle. 
Fascial, fash'al. [Fascia'lis.] Be- 
longing to a fascia. 
Fasciate, fash'e-at, or Fasciateil, 
fash'e-at-ed. [Fascia'tus; from fas'- 
cia.] Flattened like a little band. 
Fasciation, fash-e-a'shun, or Fas- 
ciatio,® fash-e-a'she-o. [From fas'cia, 
a “bandage.”] The binding up of a dis- 
eased or wounded part; also, a bandage. 
Fascicle. See Fasciculus. 
[Fascicula'ris; from 
fascic'ulus, a “ little bundle.”] Bundled 
together; clustered. Applied to roots. 
Fas-$ic'u-late. [Fascicula'tus; 
from fascic'ulus, a “ little bundle.”] Bun- 
dled together; clustered. 
plural 
[Diminutive of fas'eis, a“ bundle.”] (Fr. 
Faisceau, fAso'.) Applied to a little bun- 
dle of muscular or nervous fibres, etc. 
A fascicle or compact cyme, as in the 
Sweet William. Also, a handful of 
leaves, roots, etc. 
Fas-ci'o-la Ife-pat'I-ca.® [From 
fasci'ola, a “little strip of cloth.”] An- 
other name for the Distoma, which see. 
Fas-ti'itl-nm (i'bi.* (“Loathing 
of Food.”) See Anorexia. 
Fas-tis'I-ate. [Fastigia'tns; from 
fasti'r/ium, the “top.”] Applied to um- 
belliferous flowers which rise together to 
the same height, forming a flat top. 
Fat. (Fr. Graisse, gRess or gR&ss.) 
See Aneps, Axungia, and Sevum. 
Fa-tn'i-ty. [Fatu'itas, a'tis ; from 
fat'uus, “silly.”] Weakness of under- 
standing, or idiocy. See Amentia. 
Fan'ceS,* gen. Fanoinm, fau'she- 
itm. [The plural of Faux.] The cavity 
at the back of the mouth from which tho 
pharynx and larynx proceed. 
Fault. [From the French Faute, an 
“error” or “defect.”] A complete frac- 
ture of the mass of strata along a verti- 
cal or inclined plane, parallel to which 
the beds on one side are uplifted, and on 
the other depressed; a slip. 
Fau'na.® [From Fau'ifus, *a sylvan 
deity of the ancient Romans.] The en- 
tire assemblage of animals, especially 
Mammalia, which nature has assigned to 
a particular country. 
Faux,® gen. Fau'els. The gorge or 
mouth. (See Fauces.) Applied, by 
analogy,"to the opening of the tube of a 
monopetalous corol. 
Faux, fo, feminine Fausse, fuss. 
The French for False, which see. Faux 
is also the French term for Falx. See 
next article. 
Faux du Ccrveau, fo dii sen'vo'. 
The French term for Falx Cerebri. See 
Falciform Process. 
Faux du Cervelet, fo dii scrv’IA.'. 
The French term for Falx Cerebelli, 
which see. 
Fa-vose'. [Favo'sns; from fa'vus, 
a “ honeycomb.”] Belonging to, or like, 
a honeycomb. 
Fa'vus.® A honeycomb. Applied to 
a kind of pustule. See Porrigo. 
Fay'nard’s Pow der. A celebrated 
powder for stopping haemorrhage, said 
to have been nothing more than the 
charcoal of beech-wood, finely-powdered. 
Feather-Veined. See Pinnately- 
Veined. 
Fe'forefc,® the plural of Fc'bris. 
Fevers. An order of the class Pyrexise 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Fe-bric'ii-ls>.‘® [Diminutive of fe'- 
hris, a “fever.”] A slight fever. 
Feb'ri-fiiK-e. [Febrif'ugus: from 
fe'hris, a “fever,” and fu'tjo, to “drivo 
away.”] Having the property of mode- 
rating or abating the violence of fevers. 
Fob'rile. [Febri'Iis; from fe'hris, 
a “fever.”] Belonging to fever; feverish. 
Fe'brls,® [Fromfer'veo, to “be hot.”] 
A fever. See Fever. 
Fob'uro's Fotioii. A once cele- 
brated remedy for cancer, consisting of 
ten grains of the white oxide of arsenic 
dissolved in a pint of distilled water, 
to which are added one ounce of the 
Extractum conii, three ounces of the 
Liquor plumhi suhacetatis, and a drachm 
of laudanum. 
200 FEC 
FER 
Feces. See Faxes. 
Flcond, fAkdm"'. The French term 
for Fecund, which see. 
Fec'u-la. [Faec'ula, the diminutive 
of jiex, fee'cis, “dregs.”] Originally, 
the grounds or sediment of any liquor; 
any substance derived by spontaneous 
subsidence from a liquid. The term was 
afterwards applied to starch, which was 
thus deposited by agitating the flour of 
wheat in water; and, lastly, it denoted 
a peculiar vegetable principle, which, 
like starch, is insoluble in cold, but com- 
pletely soluble in boiling water, with 
which it forms a gelatinous solution. 
Fec'u-Ient. [Fieculen'tus; from 
fee'ces, “ dregs.”] Having dregs or faeces; 
of the nature of dregs or faeces. 
Fecund. [Lat. Fceeun'dus; Fr. 
Fecond, f&'k&sa'.] Fruitful; prolific. 
Fe-cun-da'tion. [Foeciinda'tio, 
o'nis ;' from fcecuu'do, faecunda'turn, to 
“make fruitful.”] In Botany, the action 
of the pollen on the ovule, which thereby 
becomes impregnated. In Physiology, 
the act of impregnating, or the state of 
being impregnated. 
Fe-cun'dI-tjL [Foecun'ditas, a'tis; 
from foecun'dus, “fruitful.”] The power 
of reproducing; fruitfulness. 
Feeling;. See Touch. 
Feet, Distortion of. See Talipes. 
Fel,* gen. Fel'lis. (Fr. Fiel, fe-el'.) 
Gall, or bile; a secretion found in the 
cystis fellea, or gall-bladder. See Bile. 
Fel Bo-vi'nuni,* or Fel Tau'ri.* 
Gall, or bile, of the ox. See Bile. 
Fel-liriu-(i JPas'sio* (pash'e-o). 
Gall-flux disease; an ancient name for 
cholera. 
Fel-lif'lu-ns.* [From fel, “bile,” 
and flu'o, to “flow.”] Flowing with, or 
discharging, bile. See preceding article. 
Fel'lin-ate. [Fel'linas, a'iw.] A 
combination of fellinic acid with a base. 
Fel-Iin'ic. [Fellin'icus; from fel, 
“ gall,” or “ bile.”] Belonging to bile, or 
gall. 
Fellin'ie A$'id. A peculiar sub- 
stance obtained by digesting bilin with 
dilute hydrochloric acid. 
Fe'lo de se.® [Low Latin fe'lo, a 
“ felon,” de, “ with respect to,” and se, 
“himself.”] Literally, “one guilty of 
felony with respect to himself.” A term 
in Medical Jurisprudence for one who 
commits suicide. 
Fel'on. The name of malignant 
whitlow, in which the effusion is beneath 
the periosteum. 
Feminine. See Fiemineus. 
Fem-o-rw'ns.* Another name for tha 
crurseus muscle, an extensor of the leg. 
Feni o-rttl. [Femora'lis ; from 
fe'mur, the “ thigh.”] Belonging to the 
thigh: crural. 
I'em'e-ro-tele.® [From fe'mur, the 
“ thigh,” and xrjXri, a “ tumor.”] The 
disorder termed Hernia cruralis. 
Fe'mur,* gen. Fem'o-ris. The 
thigh. Also, the long cylindrical bone 
of the thigh, or Os femoris. (Fr. Os 
de la Cuisse, o deh 18, kw8ss.) The 
second articulation of the feet of the 
Arachnides, Crustacea, and Insecta. 
Fe-nes'tra.* to “make 
to appear.”] A window. Applied to two 
foramina of the tympanum of the ear. 
Fe-nes'iral. [ Fenestra'I is; from 
fenes'tra.~\ Belonging to windows; like 
windows. 
Fe-nes'trate. [Fenestra'tus; 
from fenes'tra.'] Pierced with holes, 
or with openings like windows. 
Fen'nel, Sweet. The Anethum foenic- 
ulum. 
Fen'u-GreeU, or Fen'u-grtr. The 
Trigonel'la Fce'num, a plant forming, it 
is said, an article of food in Egypt. It 
grows also in the south of France. Used 
chiefly in veterinary medicine. 
Fer (Fr.), fSR. See Iron. 
Fer-men-ta'tion. [Fermenta'tio, 
o'nis; from fermen'to, fermenta'tum, to 
“leaven.”] The spontaneous changes 
which aqueous combinations of animal or 
vegetable matter undergo when exposed 
to the air at an ordinary temperature. 
Fer-men'tmn.® Ferment. The sub- 
stance which excites fermentation. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
“yeast.” See preceding article. 
Ferment uni Oerevi'sia* (ser-e- 
vish'e-a). The scum or froth of beer 
during fermentation; barm; yeast. This 
substance has been placed on the pri- 
mary list of the U.S. Pharmacopceia for 
1860. 
Fern, Male. See Aspidium Filix 
Mas. 
Fe-ro'nl-aEl-e-phan'tnm.* [From 
Fero'nia, the goddess of groves.] An 
Indian tree of the order Auruntiacex : 
it yields a gum resembling gum Arabic. 
Fer'ri,* genitive of Ferrum, which see. 
Fer'ri (“ Fer- 
rocyanide of Iron.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph., 1860) for Prussian blue. 
Fer'ri Fi'lmn.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Ed. Ph.) for iron wire; the Fer- 
rum in fila tractum of the London Phar- 
macopoeia. 
201 FER 
fib 
Fcr'ri, Ra-men'ta.* (“ Raspings of 
Iron.”) A name for iron filings. 
Fer'rj Sul-pUm-re'tiim.* (“ Sul- 
phuret Ox Iron.”) The Phannacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the protosuiphuret 
of iron, prepared by melting together 
sublimed sulphur and iron in small pieces. 
Fer-rif er-ons. [ Ferri ferns; 
from fer'rum, “ iron,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Containing iron in some form, 
usually in the state of oxide or car- 
bonate. 
Fer'ro-. (From fer'rum, “iron.”) A 
prefix in compound names, denoting con- 
nection with iron. 
Fer'ro-yy-an'ic Af’id. A com- 
pound of cyanogen, metallic iron, and 
hydrogen ; also called ferruretted chyazic 
acid. It contains the elements of hydro- 
cyanic acid, but differs from it totally in 
its properties. Its salts, once termed triple 
prussiates, are now calledferro-cyanates. 
Fer-ru'fein-ous, or Fer-ru-£in'e- 
ous. [Ferrugln'eus, or Ferrsi-gl- 
no'sns; from ferru'go, tho “rust of 
iron.”] Full of iron-rust; containing 
iron-rust; of a yellowish-brown color. 
Ferrnm. See Iron. 
Fer'tile. [Fer'tilis; from fe'ro, to 
“bring forth.”] Fruitful. Applied to 
flowers having a pistil, or producing seeds 
capable of vegetation. 
Fertilization. See Fecundation. 
Fer'u-la.* [From fe'rio, to “ strike.”] 
A Linnaean genus of the class Pentandria, 
natural order Apiacem (or Unibelliferte). 
Fer'ula As-sa-ffnet'i-da.* Tho plant 
which yields assafaitida. 
Fer'vor. [From fer'veo, to “boil.”] 
A violent and scorching heat. Ardor 
denotes an excessive heat; Oalor, a 
moderate or natural heat. 
Fessier, fes'seA'. The French term 
for Gluteal or Gluteus, which see. 
Fes'ter-ing. A word applied to a 
sore, signifying the discharge either of 
pus or of a morbid watery fluid. 
Fes-tooneit' Stings. A popular de- 
signation of the fibrous zones or tendin- 
ous circles which surround the orifices 
of the heart. 
Fe'tal. [Fceta'lis.] Belonging to 
the foetus. 
Feticide. See Fceticide. 
Fet'id. [Foe'tidus; from fce'teo, 
to “become putrid.”] Having a bad 
smell. 
Fe'tor. [Foe'tor.o'rn?/ from foe'teo, 
to “stink.”] A bad smell, or stink. 
Fe'ver. [Lat. Fe'bris; Fr. Fievre, 
fe-evR'or feAvR'.] A condition charae- 
tcrizcd by accelerated pulse, increased 
heat of surface, loss of appetite, thirst, 
languor, debility, unwillingness to move, 
and general disturbance of all the func- 
tions. See Febris, and Pyrexia. 
Fever, Slifflit. See Febricula. 
Fe'ver-teh. [Lat. Feb'riens; Fr. 
Fiecreux, fe-Avituh'.] A term applied 
to the state of one laboring under fever; 
also to that which causes fever. 
Fi'ber.* The Latin term for the 
“ beaver.” 
Fi'brc. [Fi'bra; from Ji'ber, “ex- 
treme ;” because originally applied to 
the thread-like radicles at the extremity 
of a root.] The minute threads or fila- 
ments which occur in the structure of 
parts in animals and vegetables. 
Fi'brc, Au'I-mal. [Fi'bra Ani- 
ma'lis.] The filaments which compose 
the muscular fasciculi, the cellular mem- 
brane, etc. 
Fi'brc, Wood y. [Fi'bra bigiica.] 
The filaments of which any woody sub- 
stance is composed. 
Fibreux, f&'biiuh'. The French term 
for Fibrous, which see. 
Fibril. [Fibril'Ia; the diminutive 
of fi'bra, a “fibre.”] Applied in the 
plural to tho extremely slender filaments 
seen by the microscope, and by the col- 
lection of a number of which in a sheath, 
or sarcolemma, a muscular fibre (of ani- 
mal life) is formed. 
Fib-ril-la't us.® [From fibril'la, a 
“little fibre.”] Disposed in very delicate 
filaments. 
Fi'brln, or Fi'brlnc. [Fibri'na; 
from fi'bra, a “fibre.”] A peculiar whit- 
ish, solid, insipid, and inodorous com- 
pound substance found in animal and 
vegetable matter; coagulable lymph. 
Fib-r iu-Off'c-umis. [From fibri’na, 
“fibrin,” and yewdw, to “produce.”] 
Producing fibrin. Applied by Virchow 
to a substance which exists in lymph and 
is converted into fibrin by exposure to 
air. 
Fi'bro-. [From fi'bra, a “fibre.”] A 
prefix denoting a fibrous condition. 
Fi'bro-C’ar'ti-la&e. Membraniform 
cartilage. The substance, intermediate 
between proper cartilage and ligament, 
constituting the base of the ear, de- 
termining the form of that part; and 
composing the rings of the trachea, the 
epiglottis, etc. By the older anatomists 
it was termed ligamentous cartilage, or 
cartilaginiform ligament. Fibro-cartilngcs 
are sometimes formed as the result of a 
morbid process in different organs. 
202 FIB 
FIR 
Fl'bro-Plas'tic. [Fi'bro-Plas'ti- 
cus; from fi'bro-, and iz\aaa(o, to “ form.”] 
Forming fibres. Applied to an organized 
tissue, from the corpuscles exuded on 
sores. 
Fi'brous. [Fibro'sus; from fii'bra, 
a “fibre.”] (Fr. Fibreux, ft'bituh'.) 
Having fibres, or composed of fibres. 
Fib'u-la.® Literally, a “ clasp.” The 
long bone extending from the knee to the 
ankle, on the outer side of the leg. 
Fib'n-lar. [Fromyi&'ufa.] Belong- 
ing to the fibula. 
Ficatio,* fi-ka'she-o, or Fi'cus.* 
[From fi'cus, a “fig.”] A fig-like tubercle 
about the anus or pudenda. 
Fi'eoid. [Ficoi'des; from fi'cus, a 
“fig,” and elios, a “form.”] Resembling 
a fig. 
Ficoidese,® fi-ko-i'de-e. A natural 
order of plants. See Mesembrtaceae. 
Fi'cus.* A Linnaean genus of the 
class Polygamia, natural order Urticacem. 
Also, the Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
dried fruit of Ficus carica, or fig. 
Ficus* is also the name of a fleshy 
substance, or condyloma, resembling a 
fig. See Ficatio. 
Fi'cus €ar'i-ca.* The fig-tree ; also 
called F. commu'nis, F. sati'va, and F. vul- 
ga'ris. 
Fi'cus E-las'tl-ca.® The tree which 
affords caoutchouc, or Indian rubber. 
Fid gets. [Tituba'tio.] A term de- 
noting general restlessness, with a desire 
of changing one’s position. 
les. [From jid'icen, a 
“harper.”] A designation of the lum- 
bricales (muscles) of the hand, from their 
usefulness in playing upon musical in- 
struments. 
Fifevre, fe-&vR' or fe-evR'. The 
French term for Fever, which see. 
Fifcvre Algide. See Algida Febris. 
Hectique. See Hectic 
Fever. 
Fifevre Jaune. See Yellow Fever. 
Fif‘vreux. See Feverish. 
Fifth Pair of Nerves. See Tri- 
gemini. 
Fig;. See Ficus. 
Fil'a-ment. [Filamen'tum; from 
fi'lum, a “thread.”] A small, delicate, 
thread-like substance; a fibre. The 
thread-like part of a stamen. 
Fi-ia'rl-a.® [Fromfi'lum, a “ thread.”] 
A thread-like parasitic worm, which in- 
fests the cornea of the eye of the horse. 
Fila'ria Med-I-neu'sis.* The sys- 
tematic name of the Guinea-worm. 
Filicales. See Filices. 
Filices,® fil'e-sez, the plural of Fi'- 
lix. F eras. A natural order of eryp- 
togamous plants, which abound in tempe- 
rate and tropical regions, remarkable for 
their beautiful plumy foliage. 
Fil'i-coid. [Filicoi'des; from Fi'- 
lix, and cr'o,, a “form.”] Fern-like. 
Fil-i-col'o-sy. [From Fi'lix, a “ fern,” 
and X5yo;, a “discourse.”] That branch 
of Botany which treats of ferns. 
Fil'I-forin. [Filifor'mis; from fi'- 
lum, a “thread.”] Having the appear- 
ance of thread. 
Fi'lix,* gen. Fil'i-cis. The Latin 
word for “fern.” Applied in the plural 
to a Linnaean order of Cryptogamia. (See 
Filices.) Also, the Pharmacopceial 
name (Br. Ph.) of the rhizoina of A»pi- 
dinm fih'x mas. 
Fi'lix Mas.'* Male Fern. The Phar- 
maeopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the rhi- 
zomaof Aspidium Filix Mas, which see. 
Film. The popular name for opacity 
of the cornea. 
Fil ter. [Fil'trum.] An apparatus 
of various construction, for the purposes 
of filtration. 
Fil'trate. [From fil'trum, a “filter.”] 
Any liquid strained or filtered. 
Fil-tra'tiou. [Filtra'tio, o'nis; 
from fil'trum, a “ filter.”] -The process by 
which a fluid is gradually separated from 
the particles or impurities that may be 
floating or suspended in it; straining. 
Fil'trum.* Literally, a “filter.” 
Sometimes applied to the superficial 
groove across the upper lip from the par- 
tition of the nose to the tip of the lip. 
Fim'bri -a.* [From fi'brum, an “ ex- 
tremity.”] A border, or fringe. Applied 
in the plural (fim'briee) to the extremities 
of the Fallopian tubes. 
Fim'l»ri-ate, or Fim'brl-at-ed. 
[Fimbria'tus; from fim'bria, a 
“fringe.”] Having a fringe, or border. 
Fin'ffer [Dig itus .Ma nus], in ana- 
tomical language denotes one of the five 
extremities of the hand ; in popular par- 
lance, one of the four besides the thumb. 
Fingered. See Digitate. 
Fins. [ 1“ in'me.] Membranous or- 
gans in fishes, somewhat analogous to 
hands and feet. 
Fire Damp. A name given by miners 
to the explosive gas, consisting chiefly7 of 
light carburetted hydrogen, found in 
mines. 
First In-ten'tion. Union by the 
first intention means adhesive inflam- 
mation without suppuration, as when 
the lips of a wound made by a sharp 
203 FIS 
FLA 
knife are brought into immediate con- 
tact, and quickly healed without much 
inflammation. 
Fish-Glue. See Ichthyocolla. 
Fish-Skin. See Ichthyosis. 
Fis'sile. [Fis'silis; from fin'do, fis'- 
sum, to “ cleave.”] Cleavable; easily cleft 
or cloven. 
Fis-sip’ar-ous. [Fissip'arus; 
from Jin'do, fis'sum, to “cleave,” and 
pa'rio, to “produce.”] Producing off- 
spring by portions being separated from 
the parent individual. See next article. 
Fissip'arous That 
generation which occurs either by spon- 
taneous division of the body of the pa- 
rent into two or more parts, each part, 
when separated, becoming a distinct indi- 
vidual, as in the monad, vorticella, etc., 
or by artificial division, as in the hydra, 
planaria, etc. The propagation of plants 
by slips furnishes another example of 
this kind of reproduction. 
Fis-si-pii'tion. [Fissipa'tlo, o';us.] 
A faulty term for Fissiparous Gene- 
ration, which see. 
Fis-sl-ros'tris.*' [From fin'do, fis'- 
sum, to “cleave,” and ros'trum, a “ beak.”] 
Applied in the plural (Fissiros'tres) to 
a family of birds having a broad beak 
with an extended commissure: fissiros'- 
trate. 
Fis-su'ra Gla-se'rl-i.* (“Glaser's 
Fissure.”) A fissure situated in the deep- 
est part of the glenoid fossa. 
Fissu' ra Foii-gi-t u-ill-na 'lls.* 
(“ Longitudinal Fissure.”) A deep fis- 
sure observed in the median line on the 
upper surface of the brain, occupied by 
the falx cerebri of the dura mater. 
Fissu'ra Syl'vl-i* (“Fissure of 
Sylvius”), called also Fissu'ra Mag'- 
na Syl'vii* (“Great Fissure of Syl- 
vius”). A fissure which separates the 
anterior and middle lobe3 of the cere- 
brum. It lodges the middle cerebral 
artery. * 
Fissu'ra Ilni-bil-I-ca'lis.* (“Um- 
bilical Fissure.”) The groove of the um- 
bilical vein, situated between the large 
and small lobes, at the upper and fore 
part of the liver. This groove in the 
foetus contains the umbilical vein. 
Fis'sure. [Fissu'ra; from fin'do, 
fis'sum, to “cleave.”] Any deep ex- 
tended depression. 
Fis’sureof the Spleen. The groove 
which divides the inner surface of the 
spleen. It is filled by vessels and fat. 
Fis'sus.* [From fin'do, fis'sum, to 
“cleave.”] Divided; cleft; cloven. 
Fist. Arniat. = Fis'tula annn'ta.* 
“A clyster pipe and bag fit for use.” 
Fis'tu-la.* [Originally, a”pipe.”] A 
sinuous ulcer, having an external open- 
ing often leading to a larger cavity, and 
slow to heal. A fistula is termed blind 
when it has but one opening, and com- 
plete if it has two, communicating with an 
internal cavity, and with the surface. 
Fis'tula in A'no.* (“ Fistula in the 
Anus.”) A fistula in the cellular sub- 
stance about the anus or rectum. 
Fis'tu-lwus. [Fistulo'sus; fromfis'- 
tula.] Of the nature of fistula. Also ap- 
plied to plants having many tubes. 
Fixed Air. See Carbonic Acid. 
Fixed Bod'ies. [Cor pora Fix a.] 
Substances which do not evaporate by 
heat, especially those which cannot be 
fused or volatilized : as carbon, silicon, etc. 
Fix'I-ty. [Fix'itas, a'ti*.] A pro- 
perty by which bodies Withstand the 
action of heat. See preceding article. 
FI. = Flu'idus.* “ Fluid.” 
Fla-bel'II-form. [Flakellifor'mis; 
from fiabel'lum, a “fan.”] Fanlike. 
Flacourtiaceie,® fli-koor-te-a'she-e. 
[From Flacour'tia, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, natives of the hottest parts of the 
East and West Indies. 
Flag:, Sweet-Scented. See Acorus 
Calamus. 
Fla-gcl'll-form. [Flagellifor'mis; 
from fiagel'lum, a “little whip.”] Re- 
sembling a little whip. A botanical 
term denoting “ whiplike.” 
F la-gel'lu in.® [Diminutive of flag' - 
rum, a “ whip.”] Applied in Botany to a 
runner which is long and slender, like a 
whip. 
Flake-White. The subnitrate of 
bismuth. 
Flame. [Flam'ma.] The com- 
bustion of any substance yielding an in- 
flammable gas. 
Flank. (Fr. Flanc, floN’°, the “side.”) 
That part of the body between the false 
ribs and the Ossa innominata. 
Flash. A preparation used for color- 
ing brandy and rum, and giving them a 
fictitious strength ; it consists of an ex- 
tract of cayenne pepper, or capsicum with 
burnt sugar. 
Flat'n-lence, or 
[Flat nlen't in : from fla'tus, “wind.”] 
A collection of gas or wind in the sto- 
mach and bowels, from fermentation or 
chemical decomposition of the articles 
of food taken into the stomach. 
Flat'u-lcnt. [Flatulen'tus; from 
204 FLA 
FLO 
the same.] Having flatulence, or causing 
flatulence. 
Fla'tus.® [From flo, fla'tum, to 
“blow.”] Wind, or gas, in the stomach 
and bowels: flatulency. 
Flax. The L i'num usitatis'simum. 
Flax, Pnr&'ing. The Linum cath- 
articum. 
Fleam. [Flam'ma, or Flam'mula.] 
An instrument for lancing the gums and 
for bleeding horses. 
Fllchisseur. See Flexor. 
Flesh. [Lat. Ca ro. Car'nis; Fr. 
Chair, sheR.] The muscles, and generally 
the soft parts, of an animal. Sometimes 
applied to the fruit, leaves, etc. of plants, 
when of a thick consistence, somewhat 
like flesh. 
Flesh, Frond. See Proud Flesh. 
Fleshy. See Carneus, and Car- 
JfOSUS. 
Flex'lie. [Flex'ilis; from flee'to, 
flex' urn, to “bend.”] Flexible; easily 
bent. 
Flex'ion. [Flex'io, o'nis; from the 
same.] The state of being bent. 
Flex'or, o'ris.* [From the same.] 
(Fr. Flechisseur, Literally, 
a “bender;” applied to muscles. 
Flex'or Car pi Ra-dl-a'lis.* (“ Ra- 
dial Flexor of the Wrist.”) See Pal- 
maris Magnus. 
Flex'or 1.oil's; us IFig'-I-to'ruin 
Pe'dis.* (“Long Flexor of the Fingers 
of the Foot.”) It arises from the posterior 
surface of the tibia, and is inserted into 
the phalanges of the last four toes. It 
bends the toes, and extends the foot upon 
the leg. 
Flex'or Lon'gus Pol'li-eis.* 
(“ Long Flexor of the Thumb.”) A muscle 
which arises from the anterior part of 
the radius and interosseous ligament, 
and is inserted into the second phalanx 
of the thumb. It bends the thumb and 
hand. 
Flex'or Lon'gus Pol'licis Pe'dis.* 
(“Long Flexor of the Thumb of the 
Foot, or Great Toe.”) It arises from the 
posterior part of the fibula, and is in- 
serted into the second phalanx of the 
great toe. It bends the toe. 
Flex'u-ous, or Flex'u-ose. [Flex- 
no'sus; from the same.] Having many 
or turnings; zigzag. 
Flint. [Si'lex.] A mineral consist- 
ing of silicious earth, nearly pure. 
Flint, liiq'nor of, or Liq’nor Sil'- 
Vcnm.® A name formerly given to the 
lolution of silicated alkali. 
Floating;. See Natans. 
Float'ing; Hi I is. [Cos't«e Fine* 
tnan'tes.] The last two false ribs, 
whose anterior extremities are not con- 
nected with the rest, or with each other. 
Floe'v'i,® the plural of foe'cun, a “ lock 
or little particle of wool, cotton,” etc. 
Vol-i-tan'tes. The ima- 
ginary objects floating before the eyes, 
in cases of depraved sight. See Muse,® 
VoLITANTES. 
Floceilatio,* flok-se-la'she-o. See 
Floccillation. 
[Floccilla'tio, 
o'ms/ from floe'eus, a‘‘lock of wool,” 
the “ nap of clothes.”] The picking of 
the bedclothes,—a symptom betokening 
extreme danger. See Carphology. 
Floc'cn-lus,* otherwise called I.o - 
bns Ner'vi Pnen-mo-gas'trl-ci.* 
(“Lobe of the Pneumogastric Nerve.”) 
A term applied to the pneumogastric 
lobule of the cerebellum; its form is that 
of a small foliated or lamellated tuft. 
Flood'ing;. | Ila'inorrtia gia I'tc- 
ri'na.] The popular term for uterine 
haemorrhage; more particularly in con- 
nection with parturition. 
Flo'ra.* [From flos, flo'ris, a 
“flower.”] Originally, the Goddess of 
Flowers. The Flora of any country (or 
district) is the entire assemblage of 
plants which nature has allotted to it. 
Also, a systematic description of those 
plants. 
Flo'ral. [Flora'lis: from flos, a 
“flower.”] Belonging to flowers. 
Floral Leaf. See Bractea. 
Flor'en-tine ©r'ris. The Iris Flor- 
entinn. 
Flo'reS.* (The plural of Flos, which 
see.) “Flowers.” A term formerly used 
to denote such bodies as assume a pul- 
verulent form by sublimation or crystalli- 
zation. 
Flo'res Antimo'nii.* (“Flowers of 
Antimony.”) They consist of small, 
elongated, and very brilliant crystals of 
the sesquioxide of antimony. 
Flo'res Bismu'thi.® (“Flowers of 
Bismuth.”) A yellowish oxide of bis- 
muth. 
Flo'res Sul'phuris.* (“Flowers of 
Sulphur.”) Sublimed sulphur. 
Flo'res Zin'ci.* (“ Flowers of Zinc.”) 
Oxide of zinc, or philosophical wool. 
[Floroscen'tia; 
from fores'co, to “flower,” to “flourish.”] 
The act of flowering, in plants; also, the 
season of flowering. 
Floret. See Flosculus. 
Floridese. See Ceramiace/e. 
205 FLO 
FLY 
Flo-rtfer-ous. [Floriferus; from 
fins, a “flowei-,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing flowers. 
Flos,*' gen. Flo'ris. A “flower.” 
That part of a plant which comprises 
the organs of reproduction, the essential 
parts of which are stamens and pistils. 
These in a complete flower are sur- 
ronnded by two envelopes, of which the 
inferior or exterior is calle 1 the calyx, 
or cup ; the superior or interior is termed 
the corolla. See Corolla, and Calyx. 
Flos AS-ru'jgi-uis.'*' (“ Flower of 
Verdigris.”) Cupel acetas, or acetate of 
copper, sometimes called distilled or 
crystallized verdigris. 
FIos'cu-lous. [Flosculo'sus; from 
flos'culus.\ Having many florets: flos'- 
culose. 
Flos'cu-lus.*' [Diminutive of flos, a 
“flower.”] A little flower; a floret. 
Flour. See Fariva, and Pollex. 
Flower. See Flos. 
Flowers. See Flores. 
Flowers ol' Antimony, Sulphur, 
etc. See Flores. 
Flu'ate. [Flu'as, a'tis.] A combi- 
nation of fluoric acid with a base. 
Fluc-tu-a'tion. [Fluctua'tio, 
o'nis; from fluc'tuo, flnctna'tian, to “ rise 
in waves.”] Applied to the undulation 
of a fluid within the body, ascertained 
by the proper application of the fingers, 
or the h ind, or by succussion. 
Flu id. [Flu'idus; from flu'o, to 
“flow.”] Having particles easily sepa- 
rable, yielding to the least pressure, and 
moving over each other in every direction. 
Flu'id of Co-tun'nI-us. It has been 
also called A'qua Labyrin'thi (“ Water 
of the Labyrinth”), and by Bresehet, 
the perilymph. A thin gelatinous fluid, 
found in the bony cavities of the laby- 
rinth of the ear: so called from the name 
of the anatomist who first distinctly de- 
scribe 1 it. 
Flu-iil'I-ty. [Fluid'itas, a'fis.] The 
quality of being fluid. 
Flu’i-draCiim. [Fluidracli'ma; 
from flu'idus, “fluid,” and drach'ma, a 
“drachm.”] Sixty minims: a fluid 
draehm. 
Flu-iil-un'eia* (-un'she-a). [From 
flu'idus, and un'cia, an “ ounce.”] Eight 
fluidrachms: a fluid ounce. 
Fluke. An intestinal worm. See 
DI STOMA. 
Flu-o-bn'rate. [Fluobo'ras, a'fi*.] 
A combination of fluoboric acid with a 
b ise. 
Flu-o-bo'rlc. [Fluobo'ricus; from 
fluo'rium, “ fluorin,” and bo'rium, 
“ boron.”] Composed of fluorin and bo- 
ron. Applied to an acid. 
Flu'or, o'r(*.* [From flu'o, to 
“flow.”] A flowing, or flux. Also, 
fluorin, a simple body, the existence of 
which is predicated on mere analogy. 
The term is sometimes applied to a dis - 
eased condition of the mucous secretion 
of the vagina. See Leucorhihea. 
Flu'oi* Al'bus.* (“White Flux.”) 
See Leucorrhcea. 
Flu'or Spar. (So called from its as- 
sisting the fusion of earthy minerals 
in metallurgic operations.) Derbyshire 
spar; properly, fluoride of calcium. 
Flu-or-a'tus.* Having or contain- 
ing fluorine: flu'orated. Hydrofluoric 
acid lias been called fluor a ted hydrogen. 
Flu-or'ic. [Fluwr'icus.] Belong- 
ing to fluorin. 
Fluor'ic A$'ld. An acid obtained 
by treating fluor spar with sulphuric 
acid. Owing to its destructive proper- 
ties, it has been termed phthore (from 
<pdopiog, “destructive”). 
Flu'o-ride. A combination of fluorin 
with a base. 
Flu'or-in, or Flu'or-lne. [Flno'- 
riuan.] The supposed primary princi- 
ple of hydrofluoric acid, found chiefly in 
fluor spar. See Fluor. 
Flu-or'u-rel. [Fluorure'tum; 
from fluo'ijnun.] A combination of flu- 
orin with a simple body. 
Flu'vl-al, Flu'vl-a-tlle. [Flnviat'- 
Ilis; from flu'vius, a “river.”] Belong- 
ing to a river. 
Flux. [Flux'us: from flu'o, flux'um, 
to “flow.”] Any excessive discharge 
from the bowels or other organs. Ap- 
plied in Chemistry to any substance 
used to promote the fusion of metals. 
See Flux, Chemical. 
Flux, Black. See Black Flux. 
Flux, Fhcm'I-cal. A substance or 
mixture much employed to assist the 
fusion of minerals. Alkaline fluxes are 
generally used, which render the earthy 
mixtures fusible by converting them into 
glass. 
Flux'ion. [Flux'io, o'nig; from 
flu'o, flux'nm, to “flow.”] The change 
of metals or other bodies from solid to 
fluid by the agency of heat; fusion. 
Flux'us <’a|j>-il-lo'rum.'*' (“Flow- 
ing or Passing Away of the Hair.”) A 
term applied by Celsus to alopecia, or 
the falling off of the hair. 
Fly I*ow'«ler. (Fr. Poudre d Marches, 
pood:t 3 moosh'.) A black powder formed 
206 FLY 
TOO 
by the exposure of metallic arsenic to 
a moist atmosphere till it becomes partly 
oxidized. 
Flying1 Blisters. See Blisters, 
Flying. 
Fo'cus,® plural 1'o yi. Literally, a 
“hearth” or “fireplace.” Applied in 
Astronomy to the two points (Fo'ci) 
within the elliptical orbit of a planet 
round the sun. In Optics, the point of 
convergence of the rays of light after 
passing through a convex lens, or being 
reflected from a concave mirror. 
Foecjinditas. See Fecundity. 
F«“in-inV-us.:; [From fcem'ina, a 
“woman.”] Belonging to a female; 
feminine. 
Fce-nic'M-lsim.® Fennel. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || for the fruit of 
Focniculum vuljarc, dulce, or oficinnle; 
the Anethum fueniculum. Fennel-seed is 
a grateful aromatic, and is much used as 
a carminative, and especially to correct 
the action of other medicines, as senna, 
rhubarb, etc. 
Fa'iiic'ulam Dul'ee,® Fcenic'u- 
luisi lifer-man'i-cuEn.® The Anethum 
fceniculum, or sweet fennel. 
Foeticide, fe'ti-sid. [Fcetici'diuin; 
from fce'tus, and cie'do, to “kill.”] The 
murder of the foetus in utero; criminal 
abortion. 
Fce'tus,® or Fe'tns. (Fr. Fair, f&.) 
The child in utero from the fifth month 
of pregnancy till birth. 
Foie (Fr.), fw&. See Liver. 
Folia. See Folium. 
Fo'lia CSr-e-foel'li.® [Froin/b7n<w, 
any sort of leaf.] An assemblage of 
gray laminae observed on the surface of 
the cerebellum. 
Fo-li-a'ceous. [FoJia'cens; from 
fo’lium, a “leaf.”] Full of leaves; leafy. 
Fo'H-atc. [Folia'taas; from the 
same.] Clothed with loaves; leafy. 
Fo-li-a'tion. [Folia'tio,o'nis; from 
the same.] The putting forth of leaves; 
arrangement of leaves in the bud. Also, 
the act of beating a metal into thin 
leaves. 
Folic, fo'16'. The French term for 
Insanity, which see. 
Fo-lif ’er-ons. [Foliif'crus, or 
Folif'erus; from fo'lium, a “leaf,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or producing 
leaves. 
F©'lI-®Ie. [FoSi'olumi.] Diminutive 
of Fo'lium. A little leaf, or leaflet. 
Fo'll-um,® plural Fo'li-a. [From 
(pvWov, a “leaf.”] The leaf of a plant. 
A thin plate of metal. 
Fol'H-clc. [Follic'ulus; diminu- 
tive of fol'lis, a “bag.”] A little bag. 
Applied in Anatomy to a very small 
secretory cavity. In Botany it denotes 
a simple pod opening by the inner 
suture, differing from the legume, which 
opens by both sutures. 
Fol-lic'u-late. [FeElrrula'tus; 
from follic'ulus, a “ follicle.”] Having 
follicles. 
Fol-lic'u-lose, or Fol-lie'n-lons. 
[Follicnlo'sus; from follic'ulus, a 
“follicle.”] Having numerous follicles. 
Folliculus. See Follicle. 
Fol-lic'u-lus A'cr-is.® (“Little Bag 
of Air.”) The space at the broad end of 
an egg. 
Fo*ineii-ta'tion. [ Foiucnta'tio, 
o'uis; from fo'veo, to “keep warm.”] 
The application of any warm, soft, me- 
dicinal substance to some part of the 
body, by which the vessels are relaxed, 
and their morbid action sometimes re- 
moved. 
Fo'meS,* gen. Fom'I-tis. [From 
the same.] Any porous substance capa- 
ble of absorbing contagious effluvia, as 
woollen clothing, etc. See Fomites. 
Fom'I-teS,® the plural of Fo'mes. 
Applied to goods, clothing, or other 
materials imbued with contagion. 
FonctioEi, f6N°'se-6N0'. The French 
term for Function, which see. 
Fongosit£, f6N0'go'z£'tA\ The French 
term for Fungosity, which see. 
FouguiSux, f6NG'guh'. The French 
term for Fungous, which see. 
Fongns, f6N°'giiss'. The French 
term for Fungus, which see. 
Foils Fui-sa'til-is.® (“Pulsating 
Fountain.”) The anterior fontanel, be- 
cause for years after birth arterial pul- 
sation may be there perceived. See 
Fontanel. 
Fon’ta-nel. [Fontanel'Ia; diminu- 
tive of fons, a “fountain:” so named 
because the pulsating of the artery was 
imagined to resemble the bubbling of a 
fountain.] (Fr. Fontanelle, fi>N°'t8,'nell'.) 
The quadrangular space between the 
frontal and two parietal bones in very 
young children. A smaller one, trian- 
gular, sometimes exists between the 
occipital and parietal bones. 
Fon-tic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of 
fons, a “fountain.”] An issue, or arti- 
ficial ulcer. See Issue. 
Food. See Aliment, Alitura, and 
Pabulum. 
Foot. See Pes. 
Foot-Bath. See Pediluvium. 
207 FOO 
FOR 
Foot -Jaws. The extremities of the 
last three pairs of feet in most Crus- 
tacea. 
Foot-Stalk. See Pedicel, Pedun- 
cle, Petiole. 
Fo-ra'inen,- gen. Fo-ram'i-nis, 
nominative plural Fo-ram'I-na. [From 
/V ro, to “ bore a hole.”] A hole, or 
opening. 
Fora'men £*e'cum.* (“ Blind 
Hole.”) The hole at the root of the 
spine of the frontal bone ; so called from 
its not perforating the bone or leading 
to any cavity. Also the designation of 
a little sulcus of the brain, situated be- 
tween the Corpora pyramidalia and the 
Pons Varolii. 
Fora'men Cte'cnin (of Morgrajir'- 
ni, A deep mucous folli- 
cle, situated at the meeting of the papil- 
lee circumvallatse upon the middle of the 
root of the tongue. 
Fora'men In-cl-si'vum.* The 
opening immediately behind the incisor 
teeth. 
Fora'men Xag'nnm Oe-cip'I-tis.® 
(“Groat Opening of the Occiput.”) The 
great opening at the under and fore part 
of the occipital bone, through which the 
spinal marrow passes, with its vessels 
and membranes. 
Fora'men of Mon-ro', Fora'men 
Com-mu'ne An-te'rl-us.* An open- 
ing under the arch of the fornix of the 
cerebrum, by which the ventri- 
cles communicate with each other, with 
the third ventricle, and with the infun- 
dibulum. 
Fora'men of Wins'Iow. An aper- 
ture situated behind the capsule of Glis- 
son, first described by Winslow, and 
forming a communication between the 
large sac of the omentum and the cavity 
of the abdomen. 
Fora'men O-va'Ie.* (“ Oval Open- 
ing.”) An opening situated in the par- 
tition which separates the right and left 
auricles in the foetus. It is also called 
the Foramen op Botal. The same term 
is applied to an oval aperture communi- 
cating between the tympanum and the 
vestibule of the ear. 
Fora'men Fnenmat'icum* (nu- 
mat'I-kum). (“Pneumatic Foramen.”) 
A large aperture near one end of the long 
air-bones of birds, communicating with 
the interior. 
Fora'men Ro-tnn'<lnm.* (“Round 
Opening.”) The round, or, more cor- 
rectly, triangular aperture of the inter- 
nal ear. This, and the Foramen ovale, 
are respectively synonymous with Fenes- 
tra ovalis and Fenestra rotunda. 
Fora'men Su'prjt-Or-foit-a'ri- 
um.S (“ Supra-Orbital Opening.”) The 
supra-orbital hole or notch, situated on 
the ridge over which the eyebrow is 
placed. It gives passage to the super- 
ciliary artery. 
Fora'men Ve-sa'11-i.* (“ Foramen 
of Vesalius.”) An indistinct hole, situ- 
ated between the foramen rotundum and 
foramen ovale of the sphenoid bone: it 
was particularly pointed out by Vesa- 
lius. 
Fo-ram'I-na.* The plural of Fora- 
men, which see. 
Fo-ram'I-nat-ed. [Foramina'tus; 
from fora'men, a “hole.”] Pierced with 
small holes. 
Fo-ram-In-if'er-ons. [Foramin- 
if'erus; from fora'men, & “hole,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or having 
foramina. 
For'ceps,® gen. [As if 
Fer'riceps; from fer'rum, “iron,” and 
ca'pio, to “take.”] Originally, a “pair 
of tongs or pincers.” Applied in Ob- 
stetrics to an instrument consisting of 
a pair of curved blades, for the purpose 
of grasping the head of the foetus and 
bringing it through the passages, in cer- 
tain cases of difficult labor. Also, to 
various surgical instruments, of diverse 
construction, for seizing hold of objects, 
etc. Applied in Zoology to the claws of 
certain Crustacese. 
Forces of Medicines. See Dyn- 
amics. 
Fore'-Arm. [Antikra'chinm.] 
The cubitus, that portion of the arm 
between the elbow and wrist. In Orni- 
thology, the second part of the anterior 
extremity which supports the wing. 
Forehead. See Frons, and Sinciput. 
For'eiffn liod'y. Any substance 
which is left in a wound and keeps up 
irritation, preventing its cure, as a bullet, 
a piece of broken glass, a splinter, nail, 
etc. 
Fo-ren'sic Med'I-cIne. Such parts 
of medicine as are connected with judi- 
cial inquiries. See Medical Jurispru- 
dence. 
Fore-Skin. See Prepuce. 
Forgetfulness. See Amnesia. 
Forked. See Furcate. 
For'miite, For'mI-ate. [For'mas, 
or For'mias, a'f/*.] A combination of 
formic acid with a base. 
For'mic. [Formi'cus; from for- 
nix'ca, the “ant.”] Applied to an acid 
208 FOR 
FRA 
obtained by distillation of ants and 
water. 
For-ini'ea.* Literally, an “ant.” A 
term applied by the Arabians to Herpes, 
from its creeping progress. 
Formi'ca Ilu'fa.® The ant, emmet, 
or pismire, which contains an acid juice 
and oil supposed to possess aphrodisiac 
virtues. 
For-ml-oa'tion. [Formica'tio, 
o'nis, a tingling like the stinging of ants; 
from formi'ca, an “ ant.”] (Fr. Fourmille- 
went, fooR'niM'moN0'.) A sense of prick- 
ing or tingling on the surface of the 
body. 
The same as Formic. 
For'niu-la.® [Diminutive of for'ma, 
a “ form.”] A short form of prescription 
in practice, in place of the more full in- 
struction in the Pharmacopoeias. 
For'myle, Per-ehlo'ride of. The 
fluid substance Chloroform. 
For'nl-caie. [Fornica'tus; from 
for'nix, a “ vault,” for’nicor, to “ be 
arched.”] Arched; vaulted. 
[Fornicifor'mis; 
from for’nix, a “vault.”] Resembling 
an arch, or vault; vaulted. 
For'nix,® gen. For'nl-cis. An arch 
or vault. A white, fibrous, triangular 
substance of the brain beneath the 
Corpus callosum and Septum lucidum; 
so called because it has a somewhat 
arched appearance: also termed Corpus 
psaloides. 
Fos'sa.® [From fo'dio, fos'sum, to 
“ dig.”] Originally, a “ ditch” or “fosse.” 
A depression, or sinus. Also, the I’uden- 
dum muliebre. 
Fos'sa 11 y -a -1 o-1' <Ie-a.:: [See Hy- 
aloid.] The cup-like excavation of the 
vitreous humor, in which the crystalline 
lens is imbedded. 
Fos'sa Iii-nom-I-na'ta.® (“ Un- 
named Fossa.”) The space between the 
helix and the anthelix of tho ear. 
Fos'sa I.aeli-ry-ma'Us.* (“ Lach- 
rymal Fossa.”) A depression in the 
frontal bone for the reception of the 
lachrymal gland. 
Fos'sa Na-vic-ti-la'ris.® (“Navic- 
ular or Boat-Shaped Fossa.”) The 
superficial depression which separates 
the two roots of the anthelix; also called 
Sca'pha, or “ little boat.” Applied also 
to the dilatation towards the extremity 
of the spongy portion of the urethra. 
Also, the name of a small cavity imme- 
diately within the fourchette. 
Fos'sa O-va'lis.® (“ Oval Fossa.”) 
The oval depression presented by tho 
septum of the right auricle of the 
heart. 
Fos'sa I*i-tii-I-ta'rf-a.* (“Pitui- 
tary Fossa.”) The sella turcica, or cavity 
in the sphenoid bone, for receiving the 
pituitary body. 
Fos'sa Kca-pho-i'(Ie&.® A term 
synonymous with Fossa Navicularis. 
Fos'sa SyT'vI-i.* (“Fossa of Syl- 
vius.”) A designation of the fifth ven- 
tricle of the brain. 
Fos'sil. [Fos'silis; fromfo'dio,fos'- 
sum, to “dig.”] That which is dug out 
of tho earth. Applied to organic re- 
mains, animal and vegetable, found in 
the strata of the earth. 
Fos-sil-if'er-ous. [Fossiliroras ; 
from fos'silis, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing, or containing, fossil specimens. 
Fos-sil-i-za'tion. [Fossil iza'tio, 
o'nis; from fos'silis, “fossil.”] The 
process of converting into a fossil. 
Fotus. See Fomentation. 
Foil, foo. The French term for In- 
sane, which see. 
Fourchette (Fr.), fooR’shett'. [Lat. 
Fur'cula.] Literally, a “fork.” The 
posterior commissure of the Labia ma- 
jora pudendi. In Comparative Anatomy, 
the prominent portion in the centre of 
the plantar surface of the horse’s foot, 
shaped like the letter Y, called in com- 
mon language the “ frog of the foot.” 
Applied also to the breast-bone (merry- 
thought) of birds. 
Fourinillement, fooR'in^I'inoN3'. 
The French term for Formication, 
which see. 
Fonsel Oil. See Fusel Oil. 
Fo've-ate. [Fovca'tus; from fo'vea, 
a “pit,” a “ depression.”] Having a de- 
pression or depressions; pitted. 
Fo-ve'o-late, Fo-ve-o-la'ri-ons. 
[Foveola'tus, Foveola'rius; from 
fove'ola, diminutive of fo'vea, a “pit.”] 
Having little unequal pits or depres- 
sions. 
Fo-vil'la.® [Perhaps from fo'veo, to 
“foster;” because it fosters or keeps 
alive the vital principle in the plant.] 
The fecundating liquor contained in tho 
grains of pollen. 
Fowler’s Solution. See Liquor 
Arsenicalis. 
Fox'-<» love. The Digitalis pur- 
purea. 
Frac-tu'ra.* [From fran'go, frac'- 
tum, to “ break.”] Fracture. A genus 
of the order Dialyses, class Locales, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. In Surgery, tho so- 
lution of continuity of a bone, generally 
209 by external force, but occasionally by 
the powerful action of muscles. 
Fracture. See Fractura. 
Frac'tsire, Com'inin-iit-ed. A frac- 
ture in which the bone is broken or 
crushed into several pieces. 
Fracture, Compound. See Com- 
pound Fracture. 
Frac'ture, Sim'pie. A fracture in 
which the bone only is divided, without 
any external wound. 
Fras'na,* the plural of Fr.enum, which 
see. 
Frse'na Ep-I-glot'tl-dis.* (“Curbs 
of the Epiglottis.”) Three folds of mu- 
cous membrane which unite the epiglottis 
to the os hyoides and the tongue. 
Frse'na of the Valvule of 
Bauhin. The name given by Mor- 
gagni to the rugae or lines observed at 
the extremities of the lips of the valvule 
of Bauhin, or ileo-colic valve. 
Frsen'u-luni.* [Diminutive of frse'- 
num, a “bridle.”] A “little bridle.” 
Sometimes used for Frmnum. 
Frje'num,* plural Frse'na. (Fr. 
Frein, fuaN°.) Literally, a “bridle,” or 
“curb.” A part which performs the 
office of a chock or curb. 
Frre'nnm Lab-I-b'rom.* The 
fourchettc, or lower commissure of the 
labia majnra pudendi. 
Fric'mim Iiln'guse.* (“Bridle of 
the Tongue.”) A fold formed at the under 
surface of the tongue by the mucous 
membrane lining the mouth. Infants 
are said to be tongue-tied when the 
frmnum is very short, or continued too 
far forward towards the tip of the 
tongue. 
Fraj'nusn of the I’n'der I.ip. 
[Frje'num ILa'hii Iasferio'rls.] A 
fold of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth, formed opposite to the symphysis 
of the chin. 
Frae'muaa Pra^pu'tais'(pre-pu'she-i). 
A triangular fold, connecting the prepuce 
with the under part of the glans penis. 
Fra-gil'I-tas Os'sl-um.® A morbid 
“ brittleness of the bones.” See Molli- 
ties Ossium. 
Frag'ioent. [Fragmen'tum ;from 
fran'go, to “ break.”] A piece of a thing 
broken. A splinter or detached portion 
of a fractured bone. 
Framhaesia,* fram-be'she-a. (Fr. 
Framboise, a “raspberry.”) The yaws. 
A genus of the order Impetigenes, class 
Cachexia:, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Francoacese,® fran-ko-a'she-e. 
[From Fran'coa, one of the genera.] A 
FRA 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in Chili. 
Fran-gi-pan'. An extract of milk, 
for preparing artificial milk, made by 
evaporating skimmed milk to dryness, 
mixed with almonds and sugar. 
Frankeniacese,-'- fran-kc-ne-a'she-e. 
[From Franke'nia, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
plants, found in Europe, Africa, and Aus- 
tralia. 
Frankincense. See Olibanum, 
and Thus. 
Frank'in-cense, Coon'mon. The 
Abieti8 resfan. 
Fra-se'ra.* American Columbo. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of Fi ntern Walteri. 
Frax'I-nlne. [Fraxini'na.] A 
crystallizable bitter principle obtained 
from the Fraxinut excelsior, a species of 
ash. 
Frax'I-nns.* (Fr. Frene, then or 
fu&n.) A Linntean genus of the class 
Polygamia, natural order Oleacem. The 
ash-tree. 
Fraxinns Arnns. See Ornus. 
Frax'inus Ro-tiiii-di-f«»'ll-a.* A 
tree from which manna is said to be ob- 
tained. 
Freckle. See Ephei.is, 
and Lentigo. 
Freez ing Hix iiire. A mixture 
by which artificial cold is produced. 
Freez'ing- Point. The point at which 
water freezes, being t!2° above zero in 
Fahrenheit’s thermometer; in Reaumur’s 
and the Centigrade, it is taken as zero. 
Frein, fnaN°. The French term for 
Fit.®xuif, which sec. 
Frem'I-tus.* [From fre'mo, frem'i- 
tum, to “roar,” to “fret,” to “murmur.”] 
An irregular, rapid, oscillating commo- 
tion of the muscular system. 
French Ber'ries. The fruit of 
several species of Rhamnus (or Buck- 
thorn), called by the French Grainct 
d’Avignon (gnen or gR&n da'ven’y6N«'): 
they yield a yellow color. 
French Pol'ish. Gum lac dissolved 
in spirits of wine. 
French Red, or Rouge (roozh). 
Genuine carmine, mixed with fine sifted 
starch powder, according to the shade 
required. 
French White. The common de- 
signation of finely pulverized talc. 
Frene. See Fraxinus. 
Fri-a-bil'I-ty. [FriaMl'itas, a'/is ; 
from fri'o, to “ crumble.”] The quality 
of being easily reducible into small pieces. 
FRI 
210 FRI 
rue 
Fri'ar’s Another name for 
the Tinetu'ra Benzo'ini Compos'ita, for- 
merly called Bal'samum Traumat'icum. 
Fric tion. [From fri'eo, fric'tum, 
to “ rub.”] A therapeutical agent of 
great power, by means of which the circu- 
lation is stimulated, and medicinal appli- 
cations enter the pores of the skin. 
Fries'land tirecn. Otherwise called 
Bruns'wick Green. An ammoniaeo- 
luuriate of copper. 
Frig-I-dari-uni.® [From frig'idus, 
“ cold.”] Another name for the cold 
bath. See Bath. 
Frig'id Zone. The space between 
each Polar circle and the Pole. 
Frig-o-rif ic. [FrigoriFicus; from 
fri'gus, “cold,” and fa'cio, to “make” 
or “ cause.”] Having power to make 
cold. 
Fri'gus,® gen. Frig'o-ris. [From 
fri'geo, to “be cold.”] Cold; trembling 
with cold. This term differs from Algor, 
which implies suffering or starving with 
cold. 
Fringe. See Fimbria. 
Fringed. See Fimbriate, Lacini- 
ATUS, ClLIATE. 
Frit, or Fritt. The mass produced 
by the materials of glass, on calcination. 
Froisseinent. Bruit de, brw6 deh 
fitv.a,ss'moN,f1'. (“Sound of Rubbing.”) 
A French term applied to certain sounds 
of the lungs or heart. 
Frond. [From frons, fron'dis, a 
“leaf,” or “green branch.”] A term ap- 
plied to the leaves of ferns and other 
cryptogamic plants, from their partaking 
at onco of the nature of a leaf and a 
branch. 
Fron-dgs'eenice. [Frondescen'tia; 
from frons, fron'dis, a “leaf.”] The de- 
velopment of the leaves, or fronds of 
plants. 
Fron-dif'er-ous. [Frondif'erus; 
from frons, fron'dis, a “leaf,” and fe'ro, 
“to bear.”] Bearing fronds. 
Frons,® gen. Frondis. See Frond. 
Frons,® gen. Fron'tis. [Perhaps 
from <l>poM$(o, to “ study.”] The fore- 
head ; that part of the head between the 
eyebrows and commencement of the hairy 
scalp. 
Fron'tal. [Fromia'lls; from frons, 
the “ forehead.”] Belonging to the fore- 
head. 
Frost'-Bite. A state of numbness or 
t orpefaction of a part of the body, caused 
by intense cold, which, unless relieved 
by prope- remedies, is followed by the 
death of the part. In such cases it is 
very important that heat should not he 
applied suddenly. If a finger be frozen, 
the best remedy is to place it in water 
reduced almost to the freezing-point, by 
which means the frost is extracted very 
slowly. 
Frottement (Fr.), fitott'mos®'. A 
term signifying “ rubbing.” See Froisse- 
J1 EXT. 
Frozen Sulphuric Acid. See Gla- 
cial Sulphuric Acid. 
Fruc-tif'er-ous. [Fruc'tifer; 
from frue'tug, “fruit,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing fruit. 
Frue-tl-fi-ca'tion. [Fructilica'- 
tio, o' nis / from fructif'ico, fructified’- 
tum, to “make fruitful,” to “bear fruit.”] 
That part of a plant, embracing the or- 
gans appropriated to generation, and 
comprehending both flowers and fruit, 
terminating the old plant and beginning 
the new. 
Fru-giv'or-ous. [Fungi v'orus ; 
from frux, fru'gis, “fruit,” or “corn,” 
and vo'vo, to “ devour.”] Eating or 
living on grains or seeds. 
Fruit. [From fru'or, fruc'tns, to 
“enjoy.”] In Botany, the matured ovary, 
with all its contents and appendages. 
Fruit-fttalk. See Peduncle. 
Fru-men-ta'ceous. [Frmucuta'- 
ceiis; from frumen'turn, “ wheat.”] .Ap- 
plied to all plants that resemble wheat 
or corn. 
Fru-men'tum.® All kinds of corn 
or grain for making bread, especially 
wheat. 
Frust. = Fruetilla'tim.* “In small 
pieces.” 
Frus tum.® That part of a pyramid 
or cone which remains when any part 
next the vertex is cut oil' by a plane 
parallel to the base. 
Fru-tes'veuce. [From fmc'tns, 
“fruit.”] The ripe or mature state of a 
fruit. 
Fru'tcx,* gen. Fru'ti-cis. A shrub ; 
a plant whose branches are perennial 
and proceed directly from the surface of 
the earth, without any supporting trunk. 
Frn-ti-cose'. [Frutico'sus; from 
fru'tex, a “shrub.”] Full of shrubs; 
like a shrub : shrubby. 
Ft. = Fi'atf* or Fi'ant.® “Let there 
be made.” 
Fucaeese,® fu-ka'she-e. [From Fu'cvs, 
a kind of sea-weed.] Sea weeds. A natu- 
ral order of cryptogamous plants. 
Fu-civ'or-ous. [Fuciv'orns; 
from fu'ens, a “sea-weed,” and vo'ro, ta 
“devour.”] Living on sea-weed. 
211 FUC 
FUN 
Fu'cus.* [From “ sea-wrack.”] 
A Linnman genus of the class Crypto- 
gamia, natural order Fucucese. 
Fu'cus Ve-sic-u-lo'sus.* The sys- 
tematic name of bladder-fucus, sea-oak, 
or sea-wrack. 
Ful'crum,* plural Ful'cra. A 
“stay,” or “prop.” In the plural, the 
various appendages of a plant, as ten- 
drils, prickles, stipules. In Natural 
Philosophy, applied to a fixed point on 
which a lever rests. 
Ful-gu-ra'tion. [Fulgura'tio, 
o'nis ; fromful'gur, “brightness,” “light- 
ning.”] The electrical phenomenon of 
flashes of light in the atmosphere un- 
accompanied by thunder. 
Fu-li&'In-ous. [Fuligino'sus; 
from full'go, “soot.”] Full of soot; 
sooty; smoky. 
Fu-li'go,* gen. Fu-lig'I-nis. The 
Latin term for “ soot.” 
Fuli'go I.ig'ni.* (“ Soot of Wood.”) 
Wood-soot is the condensed smoke of 
burning wood. Made into an ointment, 
it has been found an efficacious remedy 
in some cutaneous affections, such as 
tetter, psora, porrigo favosa, etc. 
Ful'ler’s Earth. A variety of clay, 
containing about twenty-five per cent, 
of alumina, and so named from its being 
used by fullers to remove the grease 
from cloth before the soap is applied. 
Ful'mi-nate. [Ful'mlnas, n'/i«.] 
A combination of fulminic acid with a 
base. 
Ful'nii-nat-ing Gold. [Au'rnm 
Ful'miiians.] The aurate of ammo- 
nia, or ammoniuret of the peroxide of 
gold. It is produced by precipitating a 
solution of gold by ammonia. 
Ful'minating tlercu-ri. A pow- 
der obtained by treating the nitrate of 
mercury with alcohol. It is employed 
in the manufacture of percussion-caps. 
Fulminating Sil'ver. [Argon 
turn Ful'miiians.] An argentate of 
ammonia, prepared by leaving oxide of 
silver for ten or twelve hours in contact 
with a strong solution of ammonia. It 
is in the form of a black powder which 
is extremely explosive. 
Ful-ml-na'tion. [Fnlmina'tio, 
o'nis; from fid'men, “thunder,” fid' - 
niino, fulmina'tum, to “thunder.”] A 
quick explosion, with noise; as of ful- 
minating powder, or the combustion of in- 
flammable gas with oxygen : detonation. 
Ful-min'ie. [ Fiilmin'iciiK.] Ap- 
plied to an acid obtained from the fulmi- 
nate of silver. 
Fii-ma'rf-a Fumi- 
tory. (Fr. Fumeterre, fiim'teR'.) A plant 
common in Europe, and cultivated in 
the United States. An infusion of the 
dried leaves has been recommended in 
leprous affections. 
Fumariaceie,* fu-ma-rc-a'she-e. 
[From Fuma'ria, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in many or all temperate 
climates. It includes the Coryd'alis and 
some others which are cultivated for 
their beauty. 
Fu-ml-ga'tion. [Fnniiga'tio, 
o'nt*; Troinfu'migo,fumiga'turn, to “per- 
fume a place.”] The employment of 
certain fumes for the purpose of counter- 
acting contagious effluvia. 
Func'tion. [Fuiic'tio, o'nfs; from 
fun'gor, func’tus, to “fulfil an office.”] 
(Fr. Fonction, f6xk'se-6N°'.) A power, 
or faculty, by the exercise of which the 
vital phenomena are produced. 
Func'tion-al IFis-ease'. A disease 
in which the function or secretion of an 
organ is vitiated, but its structure- is but 
little if at all changed. 
Functions, Vl'tal. Functions imme- 
diately necessary to life; viz., those of 
the brain, the heart, the lungs, etc.; 
whence these have been called the tripod 
of life. 
Funtf'a-nient. [Fuiuiamen'tiim; 
from fun'dus, the “bottom of a thing.”] 
The anus. 
i iin pile. [Fun'gas, a'tis.] A com- 
bination of fungic acid with a base. 
Fun'gi,® the plural of Fnn'gna, a 
“mushroom.” A large natural order of 
cryptogamous plants, of a very low or- 
ganization. They grow on dead and 
decaying organic bodies, and infest living 
plants. They are of great importance 
to man, either for their useful or mis- 
chievous qualities. 
Blight, mildew, and rust are caused 
by the ravages of microscopic fungi. 
The common mushroom and truffle are 
used as food. Many other fungi are 
dangerous poisons. The fungus called 
ergot is a valuable medicine for its spe- 
cific action on the uterus. See Primai.ia. 
Fun-&ic'o-lns.* [From fun'gnu, 
a “mushroom,” and eo'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
Living on or in mushrooms. Applied in 
the plural neuter [Fungic'ola) to a family 
of coleopterous insects. 
Fun's:!-form. [Fungifor'mis; 
from fun'gun, a “mushroom.”] Resem- 
bling a mushroom. 
Fun'grill. [Fungi'na; from fun'gun, 
212 a “mushroom.”] The residual fleshy 
substance of fungi, after being subjected 
to the action of alcohol and water. 
Fungoid. [Fungoi'des; from fun'- 
gus, a “mushroom,” and etios, a “form.”] 
Resembling a mushroom, or the disease 
termed fungus. 
Fungous. [Fungo'sus; fromfun'- 
gus, a “mushroom.”] (Fr. Fonguenjc.) 
Having fungi, or the disease termed fun- 
gus ; resembling fungus. 
Fuil'gus.® [Ur. (jrdyyof, or OY/wyyoj; 
Fr. Fongus, f6N°'guss'.] One of a natu- 
ral order of plants. (Sec Fungi.) Also, a 
redundant growth of flesh on an ulcer; 
proud flesh; any large, soft, spongy ex- 
crescence arising from diseased structure. 
Fungus Cerebri. See IIerxia Cere- 
bri, and Encephalocele. 
Fun'gus Haem-a-to'des.* [From 
atnaTuins, “bloody.”] “Bleeding Fun- 
gus;” otherwise called Soft Cancer, Me- 
dullary Sarcoma, Spongoid Inflamma- 
tion, etc. It is a cancerous affection of 
a very malignant character, spreading 
rapidly, and almost invariably fatal. 
Fu-nic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of /«'- 
nis, a “rope.”] A botanical term ap- 
plied to the small filament, or podo- 
sperm, connecting the imperfect seed to 
the receptacle. Also, the navel-string. 
Fu'nis.* [From oxoivo;, a “rope 
plaited from the bulrush”?] Literally, 
a “rope.” Generally applied to the Funis 
umbilicalis, or navel-string. 
Fu'nis Fm-bil-i-ca'lis.* (Fr. Cor- 
don ombilicale, koR'dhx0' 6n'b6'l&'kiU.'.) 
The umbilical cord; the means of com- 
munication between the foetus and the 
placenta. Its length is almost two feet. 
It consists of the umbilical arteries and 
vein, with the enveloping membranes, 
etc. 
Funnel-Shaped. See Infuxdibuli- 
FORMIS. 
Fur'cate. [Furca'tus; from fur'ea, 
a “ fork.”] Divided into two parts; 
forked: dichotomous. 
Fnrcula. See Fourchette. 
Fur'fur, uri*.s [From far, “corn.”] 
Bran, the husk or skin of wheat. The 
diseased condition of the head called 
dandriff, or scurf, a species of Pityriasis. 
Fur'far Trit'I-ct.* (“Bran of 
Wheat.”) A material employed to 
make bread for dyspeptics. 
Fnr-fur-a'ceons. [Furfura'eeus: 
from fur'fur, “bran,” or “dandriff.”] 
Resembling bran or dandriff. 
Fur-fur-a'tio* (fur-fur-a'she-o), 
o'nis. [From fur'fur, “dandriff.”] The 
FUN 
state of having Pityriasis, or a scaliness 
of the skin. 
Fur'naee. [Fnr'nus.] A fireplace 
employed for pharmaceutical operations. 
Furnaces are termed evaporatory when 
employed to reduce substances into vapor 
by heat; reverberatory, when so con- 
structed as to prevent the flame from 
rising ; forge furnaces, when the current 
of air is determined by bellows. 
Furonele, or Froncle. See Furun- 
CULUS. 
Fu ror I'-te-rt nus.® Another term 
for Nymphomania, or Hysteromania. 
Furrowed. See Sulcated. 
Fu-run cii-lus. '' (Fr. Furonele, fii'- 
rdxkl'.) A boil, or inflammatory tumor; 
a blain. 
Fu'sel Oil. [Al'eohol Amyl'i- 
ciim.] An oily, poisonous liquid, of a 
highly disagreeable smell and nauseous 
taste, produced in the manufacture of 
potato spirit, and of ardent spirit ob- 
tained from the various kinds of grain. 
It is valuable in Pharmacy as the artifi- 
cial source of valerianic acid. 
Fu'si.* The plural of Fusus, which 
sec. 
Fu-si-bil'I-ty. [Fiisibil'itas, a(i«.] 
The capability of being fused. 
Fu'si-ble. [Fu'silis; from fun'do, 
fu'sum, to “pour,” to “melt.”] Capable 
of being made fluid by the application 
of heat. 
1’ii'sl-forin. [Fusifor'mis: from 
fu'sus, a “spindle.”] Resembling a 
spindle; tapering. 
Fu'sion. [Fu'sio, o'nis; from fun'do, 
fu'sum, to “ pour,” to “ melt.”] The act of 
melting, or state of being melted, by heat. 
Fu'sion, A'que-ous. The liquefac- 
tion of salts which contain water of crys- 
tallization, on exposure to increased tem- 
perature. 
Fu'sion, J>ry. The liquefaction pro- 
duced by heat after the water has been 
expelled. 
Fu'sion, Ig'ne-ous. The melting of 
anhydrous salts by heat without under- 
going any decomposition. 
Fus'tic. A yellow dye-wood, consist- 
ing of two kinds : Old fustic, the product 
of the Morns Tinctoria, or Dyer’s Mul- 
berry, an American tree; and Young fus- 
tic, the Rh us Cotinus, or Venice Sumach, a 
shrub growing in Italy and the south of 
Europe. 
Fu'sus,*- plural Fu'si. Literally, a 
“spindle.” Applied in the plural to the 
papilla, through which, in the Arachnides, 
the delicate threads pass. 
FUS 
213 GAD 
GAL 
G. 
O, or T, denoted, among Greek phy- 
sicians, Uncia, or an ounce. 
Gad'o-lin-ite. The name of a mine- 
ral, so called from the Swedish chemist 
Gadolin, who discovered it in the earth 
called yttria. 
Gail'ii-in. [Gadni'na; from Ga'- 
dus mor'rhua, the “cod-fish.”] A peculiar 
substance found in cod-liver oil. 
Ga'ilus.® A genus of fishes of the 
order Jugulares. 
ha'diis Itlor'rhu-a.* The cod-fish, 
abounding in the northern seas, from 
the liver of which cod-fish oil is obtained. 
[Galactago'- 
giis; from ydXa, ydXaicro?, “milk,” and 
dyu>, to “lead or bring away.”] Causing 
the flow of milk. 
hii-lac li-a.s [From ya\a, ydXaicroj, 
“milk.”] A genus in Good’s Nosology, 
embracing defective, excessive, or morbid 
secretions of the milk : mislactation. 
Ga-lac'tic. The same as Lactic, 
which see. 
Ga-lae'tfn. [Galaeti'na; from ydXa, 
yaXciKTo;, “ milk.”] The coagulating prin- 
ciple of milk. 
Ga-lac-tir-rhoe'a.*' [From ydXa, 
“milk,” and piu>, to “flow.”] An ex- 
cessive flow of milk. 
Ga-Iac'to-$ele.** [From ydXa, “milk,” 
and (ojAij, a “ tumor.”] A tumor or swell- 
ing containing a milky fluid. 
Gal-ae-tom'e-ter. [Galactom'e- 
triiin ; from yd\a, “ milk,” and phpov, a 
“ measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring or ascertaining the quality of 
milk. 
Gal-ac-toph a-gous. [Galactoph 
amis: from ydXa, “milk,” and ipdyto, to 
“eat.”] Living on milk. See Lacti- 
vorous. 
Gal-ac-topli'o-rons. [Galactopli- 
orus; from ydXa, “milk,” and <ptpm, to 
“bear.”] Milk-bearing; lactiferous. 
Ga-lac-to-poi-et'ic. [Galactopoi- 
et'icua; from ydXa, “milk,” and nodm, 
to “ make.”] Milk-making, or milk-pro- 
dneing. 
Ga-lac-to-po'sl-a.* [From ydXa, 
“milk,” and 7uVo>, to “drink.”] Milk 
diet. 
Gal'ba-num.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name [[ for a resinous substance obtained 
from an undetermined plant. It is ex- 
pectorant and antispasmodic, somewhat 
resembling ammoniac in its action. 
Gal'bu-liuu* A kind of cone, differ, 
ing from the strobile only in being 
round and having the heads of the car- 
pels much enlarged. The fruit of the 
juniper is a galbulus. 
hale, gill. The French term for 
“itch.” See Psora. 
Literally, a “helmet.” 
In Botany, the superior arched lip of 
ringent and personate corollas. A form 
of headache extending all over the head. 
In Surgery, a bandage for the head, 
somewhat like a helmet. Also, a large 
vaulted membrane, movable, and cover- 
ing the jaws of orthopterous and some 
other insects. 
Ga'le-atc. [Galea'tus; from ya'lea, 
a “helmet.”] Formed like a helmet; 
helmeted. 
Ga-le'ga. Vir-Kin-I-a'iia.*' A plant 
growing native in the United States, 
said to be diaphoretic and powerfully 
anthelmintic. 
fta-le'na.® [From yaKctv, to “shine” 
or “glister.”] Lead-glance, the native 
sulphuret of lead. See Molybd enum. 
Ga-len'fc. [Galen'icus.] After the 
manner of Galen, whose practice of 
medicine was remarkable for multiply- 
ing herbs and roots in the same compo- 
sition. 
Ga'len’s Kanilage. A term some- 
times applied to the four-tailed bandage, 
or single split cloth. 
Galeux, g&'luli'. The French term 
for Psoric, which see. 
Galiaoese,® ga-le-a'she-e, or Stel- 
latse,3- stel-la'te (because the leaves are 
placed round the stem in the form of a 
star). A natural order of exogenous 
herbaceous plants, found in cold and 
temperate climates. It includes Galium 
and Itubia tinctoria, which produces 
madder. 
Gal-I-pe'a t'us-pa'rl-a.® The tree 
which, according to the London Phar- 
macopoeia, produces the Angustura bark. 
(■a!i]>c a Of-fi^-I-iia'lSs.5' The tree 
which, according to the United States 
and Edinburgh Pharmacopoeias, pro- 
duces Angustura or Cusparia bark. 
Gal'I-pot. An earthen pot, painted 
and glazed, wherein ointments, etc., are 
kept. Also, a resin obtained from the 
several species of Pinus. 
hall. The bile, or secretion of the 
liver. See Bile. 
214 GAL 
GAM 
Gall-Blad der. [Lat. Vesica Fel'- 
Ms; Fr. Vesicule du Fiel, vAzAkiil' dii 
fe-el'.] A membranous reservoir con- 
taining the bile, situated on the lower 
surface of the right lube of the liver. 
Gall-lHiets. See Cystic Ducts. 
Gall-Vut. See Galla. 
Gall-Sick'ness. The remittent fever 
(otherwise called IVal'cheren Fe'ver) 
produced by marsh miasmata in the 
Netherlands; so named because accom- 
panied with a vomiting of bile. 
Gall'-.Stone. A calculus formed in 
the gall-bladder. 
Gal'la,® plural Gal lic. The Phar- 
macopceial name || for the nutgall, or 
galls, found on the branches of the 
Quercus infectoria. They are excres- 
cences caused by the sting of an insect 
belonging for the most part to the genus 
Cynips; though the Chinese gall is said 
to be produced by an Aphis. 
Galls are powerfully astringent. Al- 
though sometimes prescribed in chronic 
diarrhoea and similar complaints, they 
are chiefly used in external applications, 
such as lotions, gargles, ointments, etc. 
Gal'lse,* the plural of Galla, which 
see. 
Gstriate. [Gal'las, a'#t*.] A com- 
bination of gallic acid with a base. 
Gal'lie. [Gal'licus; from Gal’lia, 
“Gaul.”] Belonging to the French. 
See Gallicus Morbus. 
Gal'lie. [Gal'licus; from gal'la, a 
“ gall-nut.”] Belonging to galls. Ap- 
plied to an acid found in astringent vege- 
table substances, but very abundantly 
in the gall-nut. 
Gal-lic'o-lav® [Fromgal’la, a “gall,” 
and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] Literally, “in- 
habiters of the gall-nut.” A tribe of 
hymenopterous insects, or Diploleparite, 
which produce those excrescences on 
plants called galls. Latreille compre- 
hends all the insects of this tribe in one 
genus, viz.: Cynips. See Galla, 
Galli-cus Morbus.® (“French 
Disease.”) Another name for Syphilis, 
which see. 
Gal-li-na'ceous. [Galliaa'eeus; 
from gal'Ins, a “ cock,” or galli'na, a 
“ hen.”] Resembling the domestic hen. 
See Galling. 
Gallinadae. See Galling. 
Gal-1 i'nH‘®(tho plural of galli'na, a 
“hen”), or Gallinaceous Birds. A 
family of birds so named from their 
affinity to the domestic hen. 
Gallinaginis Caput. See Caput 
Gallinaginis. 
G&l-ll-na'go, inis.* .{Probably from 
gal'Ins, a “cock.”] The Latin name for 
the wood-cock. 
Gal-van'ic. [Galvan 'icus.] Per- 
taining to galvanism. 
Galvan ic Bntte-ry or Trough. 
An apparatus for accumulating galvan- 
ism, consisting of plates of zinc and 
copper alternately fastened together, 
and cemented into a wooden or earthen- 
ware trough, so as to form a number of 
cells; the trough is then filled with di- 
luted acid. 
Galvan'ic Mox'a. A term applied 
by Fabre Palaprat to the employment 
of voltaic electricity as a therapeutical 
agent for producing the cauterizing ef- 
fects of the moxa. 
GAT van-ism. [Gal vnnis'imis; 
from Professor Galvani, of Bologna, who 
first observed the manifestations of this 
fluid or principle.] A form of electricity 
usually developed or produced by the 
mutual action of various metals and 
chemical agents upon each other. The 
additional discoveries of Volta led to the 
term Voltaism, or Voltaio Electricity, 
and its effect on the muscles of animals 
newly killed, suggested the term Animal 
Electricity. 
Gal-van-om 'e-ter. [Gal vanom 
drum; from galvanism, and ghpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the nature and degree of excite- 
ment produced by galvanic action. 
Gal-van o-scope. [Galvanos'co- 
jhis ; from galvanism, and (tkottcoj, to 
“ observe.”] An instrument capable of 
exhibiting electric phenomena. The 
term has been applied by M. Hall to a 
frog properly prepared and placed under 
certain conditions for experiment. 
Gamblr, or Gambler, gam-beer'. 
The Malay name of an astringent ex- 
tract procured from the Nau'clea Gam- 
bir (or Unca'ria Gambir). The sub- 
stance called square catechu, and terra 
japonica, is the produce of this plant. 
See Catechu. 
Gamboge. See Gambogia. 
Gani-hoge'. A-mer'I-can. A secre- 
tion similar to gamboge, yielded by seve- 
ral species of Vismia. 
Gam-bo'&i-a.® The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. and Dub. Ph.) for gamboge, 
or camboge; the concrete juice of an 
undetermined tree. Gamboge is a power- 
ful hydragogue cathartic, and as such is 
often given in dropsy. It is also recom- 
mended as a remedy for the tape-worm. 
In large doses its action is extremely 
215 GAM 
GAS 
violent, and has sometimes proved fatal. 
See Cambogia. 
Gaiu-o-pel'jil-ons. [Gamopet'a- 
lus; from yap»s, “ marriage,” or “ union,” 
and trcraXoi, a “petal.”] Having petals 
joined together by the borders. 
Gam-o-sep'al-ous. [Gamosep'a- 
lus; from yapo;, “ marriage,” or “ union,” 
and sep'alum, a “ sepal.”] Having sepals 
joined together by their borders. 
Gangll-form. [Ganglifor'mis; 
from gang'lion.] Of the nature, like- 
ness, or appearance of a ganglion. 
Gan'gli-ou. [Lat. Gan'glion; Gr. 
yayyXiov, a “knot.”] An enlargement 
in the course of a nerve, resembling a 
knot. Also, a collection of vesicular 
neurine which serves as a centre of ner- 
vous power to certain fibres connected 
with it. Applied in Surgery to an en- 
cysted tumor occurring on a tendon or 
aponeurosis, sometimes on the knee, or 
on the back of the hand or foot. Also, a 
genus of the order Tumores, class Lo- 
cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Gan'glion I in'par.* A small gan- 
glion on the coccyx. 
Ganglion of Gasser. See Gasse- 
rian Ganglion. 
Ganglion of Mecfcel. See Meckel, 
Ganglion of. 
Gan-gll-on'ic. [Ganglion'tens; 
from gan'glion.] Pertaining to a ganglion, 
or to ganglions ; consisting of ganglions. 
Ganglion'ic Sys'tem, or Ganglion'ic 
Nerv'ous Sys'tem. A name applied to 
the Trisplanchnic (or Great Sympathetic) 
nerve, with its system of ganglia, consti- 
tuting, according to Bichat, the nervous 
system of organic life. See Organic. 
Gan-gll-on'I-ca.® [From yayyXiov, a 
“nerve-knot.”] A class of medicinal 
agents which affect the sensibility or 
muscular motion of parts supplied by 
the ganglionic or sympathetic system of 
nerves. 
Gangriena. See Gangrene. 
Gan-grie'naO'ris.® (“Gangrene of 
the Mouth.”) A name for Stomacace, 
Gancrum Oris, or canker of the mouth. 
Gan'grene. [Lat. Gangrie'na; 
Gr. yayypaiva, from ypaivtn, or ypaw, to 
“gnaw,” to “consume.”] (Fr. Gangrene, 
goNo'gnen' or goN<>'gRS,n'.) The state of 
incipient mortification. It is sometimes 
termed hot mortification. See next article. 
Gan'grene, Hot. [Gangrse'na 
Cal'ida.] A name applied by some 
writers to that form of mortification 
which is preceded or accompanied by 
inflammation, in other words, to gan- 
grene proper; while they term that which 
is unattended by inflammation cold gan- 
grene. 
Gan'grene, lln'mid. [Gangra*'- 
na Hn'mida.] A term applied to that 
form of the disease in which the affected 
part contains more or less of decomposed 
or other fluids. In dry gangrene (Gan- 
grm'na Sie'ca), these fluids arc not pre- 
sent, or only in very small quantity. 
The latter form, being frequently found 
to affect old people, has been sometimes 
called Gangrsma Senilis. 
Gaping. See Panriculatio. 
Gar'an-cine. [From Garance, gk'- 
roNSs', the French name of “madder.”] 
The coloring matter of madder, mixed 
with the carbonized residue resulting 
from the action of the oil of vitriol on 
the woody fibre and other constituents 
of madder. It is a brownish or puce- 
colored powder used in dyeing. 
Gnr-cin'I-a.* [Named after Dr. 
Garcin.] A Linnasan genus of the class 
Dodecandria, natural order Guttiferie. 
Garcin'la t’am-bo'gl-a,* or Gar- 
cin'ia (’am-bo-gl-ol'deS.* A plant 
considered to afford the best gamboge. 
See Cambogia, and Gambogia. 
Gar diner's AI-I-men'ta-ry Prep- 
a-ra'tion. A nutritious article, con- 
sisting of very finely-ground rice meal. 
Garg. = Gargaris'ma.* A “gargle.” 
Gar-ga-ris'ma, atisfi Gar-ga-ris'- 
muni,* Gar-ga-ris'nius.* [From yap- 
yapiCo), to “wash the throat.”] A wash 
for the throat: a gar'gle. 
Gargle. See Gargartsma. 
Gar'lic. The common English name 
of the plant Al'lium sati’vum. Its bulb- 
ous root or roots constitute what are 
termed the cloves of garlic. 
Gar'rot. (Fr. a “stick,” a “kind of 
lever.”) A cylindrical piece of wood, or 
ivory, for tightening circular bandages. 
Garry acese,® gar-re-a'she-e. [From 
Garrya, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
in North America. 
Ga'rum.*' A sauce or pickle made 
by the Romans, from the yapoq, a small 
fish. It resembled the modern anchovy 
sauce in nature and use. 
Gas, gass. [From the Anglo-Saxon 
gast, “breath,” “wind,” “spirit.”] An 
aeriform, elastic fluid. 
Gaseous, gaz'e-us. [Gaseo'sus.] 
Belonging to gas; of the nature of gas. 
Gaseous Pulse. See Pulse. 
Gas'I-form. [Gasifor'mls.] Hav- 
ing the form or nature of gas. 
216 GAS 
GAS 
Gas-om'e-tCT. [Gasom'etrnm; 
from gas, and pcrpov, a “ measure.”] A 
measurer of gas. Usually applied, how- 
ever, to a reservoir for containing gas. 
Gas-se'ri-anGan'g'li-on. The semi- 
lunar ganglion. A ganglion of the fifth 
pair of nerves, first discovered by Gasser. 
Gas'ter (Gr. yaarfp). The Greek 
name for the stomach. 
Gas-t er-au-£em-phrax'is.* [From 
yaarfp, the “stomach,” ayyo$, a “vessel,” 
and an “obstruction.”] Conges- 
tion of the blood-vessels of the stomach. 
Gas-ter'ic. The same as Gastric, 
which see. 
Gasteropoda, or Gasteropods. See 
next article. 
Gas-ter-op'o-dns.* [From yaarfp, 
the “belly,” or “stomach,” and rmv;, a 
“foot.”] Gasterop'odous. Applied in 
the plural neuter (Gasterop'oda) to a 
class of Mollusks which crawl by means 
of a fleshy disk on their belly. The 
common snail belongs to this class. 
Gas-ter-os'to-mns.* [From yaarfp, 
the “stomach,” and oropa, a “mouth.”] 
Gasteros'tomous. Having a mouth in 
the belly, or stomach. Applied to a 
species of Ta>nia, or tape-worm. 
Gas-trie'ml-a.* [From yaarfp, the 
“stomach,” and alpa, “blood.”] Con- 
gestion of the veins of the stomach, and, 
so, nearly synonymous with Gasteran- 
gemphraxis. 
Gas-tral'£i-a.* [From yaarfp, the 
“stomach,” and aAyoj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the stomach: gastral'gy. 
Gas-trel-co'sis.* [From yaarfp, the 
“stomach,” and tA*<5co, to “ulcerate.”] 
Ulceration of the stomach. 
a tie.* 
[From yaarfp, the “stomach,” and en- 
cephalo'ma, a “tumor of brain-like sub- 
stance.”] A brain-like fungus of the 
stomach. 
Gas-tren-cepJi-a-lo'sas.* The for- 
mation and progress of gastrencepha- 
loma. 
Gas-tren'cliy-ta.* [From yaarfp, 
the “stomach,” and to “pour 
in.”] A stomach-syringe, or stomach- 
pump. 
Gas'tric. [Gas'tricus; from yaarfp, 
the “stomach.”] Belonging to the sto- 
mach. 
Gas'tric Fe'ver. A name given by 
some to bilious fever, which was thought 
to depend on gastric derangement. It 
is the Meningo-gastric of Pinel. 
Gas'tric Juice. [Suc'cus Gas'tri- 
cus.] The juice secreted in the stomach, 
by the action of which on the food, 
digestion is carried on. 
Gas'tri-$iSm. [Gast riois'imis; 
from yaarfp, the “stomach.”] A term 
for gastric affections in general; but 
usually applied to the theory that all 
diseases are caused by the accumulation 
of impurities in the stomach and bowels, 
suggesting their removal by vomiting 
and purging. 
Gas-tric'o-la.* [From yaarfp, the 
“stomach,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
Literally, an “inhabitant of the sto- 
mach.” Applied to those CEstridm (the 
common bott, for example) the larv® 
of which are found in the intestines of 
various animals. 
Gas-tril'o-quus.* [From yaarfip, 
the “stomach,” and lo'qnor, to “speak.”] 
The same as Ventriloquous, which 
see. 
Gas-tri'tis, idis.% [From yaarfip, the 
“stomach.”] Inflammation of the sto- 
mach. A genus of the order Phlegma- 
sise, class Pyrexiie, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
[From yaarfip, the 
“stomach,” and sf\ri, a “tumor.”] Her- 
nia in which a portion of the stomach is 
protruded: Hernia ventricidi. 
Gas-tro-eho'll-a.* [From yaarfip, 
the “stomach,” and x»Xf, “bile.”] Bil- 
ious disease of the stomach. 
Gas-tro-cho-lo'sis.* [From the 
same.] Gastric bilious fever. 
Gas-troc-ne'ml-ns.* [From yaarfip, 
the “stomach,” or “belly,” and Ki/fpri, the 
“leg.”] (Fr. Gastrocnemien, g&s'trok'- 
n&'me-aN0'.) Literally, “belonging to 
the belly (or calf) of the leg.” The name 
of a muscle constituting the chief part of 
the calf of the leg. 
Gas-tro-col'I-ca.* [From yaarfip, 
the “stomach,” and col'ica, the “belly- 
ache.”] Severe colic-like pain in the 
stomach. Sometimes applied to neuralgia 
of the stomach. 
Gas-tro'deS.* [From yaarfip, the 
“stomach.”] A term used in Compara- 
tive Anatomy and Botany, and applied to 
that which has many swellings like the 
belly, or conjoined with a belly. 
Gas-tro-dyn'i-a.* [From yaarfip, the 
“stomach,” and ihvvrj, “pain.”] Spas- 
modic pain in the stomach. 
Gas-tro-en-ter-I'tis.* [From yaarfp, 
the “stomach,” and irrtpov, an “intes- 
tine.”] Inflammation of the gastroin- 
testinal mucous membrane. 
Gas-tro-ep-I-pIo'ic. [From yaarfp, 
the “stomach,” and inin\oov, the “omen- 
tum.”] Belonging to the stomach and 
217 GAS 
GEL 
omentum, as applied to a branch of the 
hepatic artery, lymphatic glands of the 
abdomen, etc. 
Gas'troid. [Gastroi'des; from yaa- 
rup, the “stomach,” and dio;, a “form.”] 
Resembling the belly, or stomach. 
G:is-t rol i-f lius. ; [From yaorrip, the 
“stomach,” and \i0o;, a “stone.”] A 
calculus in the stomach: a gas'trolith. 
Gas-troTo-gy. [Gastrolo'gia: from 
yaariip, the “stomach,” and Adyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A dissertation on the stomach, 
its structure, function, etc. Also, the 
science of the stomach. 
Gastromalacia,* gas-tro-ma-la'- 
she-a. [From yaariip, the “stomach,” 
and pa\aKo;, “soft.”] Softening of the 
stomach; a disease occurring in infants, 
and usually preceded by hydrocephalus, 
acute exanthematous disease, or some dis- 
ease of the respiratory organs. 
Gas-t ron'o-sos,* or Gas-tron'o- 
sns.- [From yaarijp, the “stomach,” and 
voaog, a “disease.”] Disorder of the 
stomach. 
Gas-tro-patli'lc. [Gastropath'i- 
ens. ] Belonging to gastropathy. 
Gas-trop'a-tliy. [Gastropathi'a; 
from yaariip, the “stomach,” and irado;, 
“affection,” or “disease.”] Disease of 
the stomach. 
Gas'tro-pe'ri-o-<lyii'I-a.* [From 
yaariip, the “stomach,” nepio&og, a “pe- 
riod,” and odfiio;, “pain.”] A disease said 
to bo peculiar to India, attended with 
severe neuralgic pains, returning at in- 
tervals. So distressing are the paroxysms, 
that they are supposed to be produced 
by the terrible weapon of Siva, the deity 
of destruction. 
Gastropoda*. See Gasteropodus. 
Gas-tror'rha-gy. [Gastrorrha'- 
jyia; from yaariip, the “stomach,” and 
pHyvupi, to “break” or “burst,” to “break 
through.”] Escape of the contents of 
the stomach through a lesion of its seve- 
ral coats; also, the oozing of blood from 
its internal surface. 
Gas-t ror'rJia-pliy. [Gastror'rSia- 
plu\ or Gastrorrha'phta; from yaariip, 
the “stomach,” or “belly,” and patph, a 
“suture.”] The sewing of wounds which 
penetrate through the belly. 
Gas-tror-rIi«e'a.* [From yaariip, the 
“stomach,” or “belly,” and pirn, to 
“flow.”] Undue increase of the secre- 
tion of the mucous glands of the sto- 
mach; also, a flux from the belly. 
Gas-tros'co-py. [Gastrosco'pia; 
from yaariip, the “belly,” and aiconcw, to “ex- 
amine.”! Examination of the abdomen. 
Gas-tro'sfs.* [From yaariip, the 
“stomach.”] A name given by Alibert 
to a family including all diseases of the 
stomach. 
(«as-tro-splen'ic O-mcn'ta. A 
term applied to the lamina; of the peri- 
toneum which are comprised between 
the spleen and the stomach. 
Gas-tros'to-my. [GustroMto'mia; 
from yaariip, the “ stomach,” and aropa, 
an “orifice.”] The operation of form- 
ing an artificial opening into the sto- 
mach. 
(ijM-tro-tomic. [Gastrotom'i- 
chs.] Belonging to gastrotomy. 
(fas-lrot o-itiy. [tiastroto'mia; 
from yaariip, the “stomach,” or “belly,” 
and ripvm, to “cut.”] The operation of 
cutting open the abdomen, as in the 
Cesarean section; also, cutting through 
the stomach itself. 
Gas-t ry-pftl rgl-a.® [From yaariip, 
the “stomach,” mo, “under,” “in a slight 
degree,” and aAyo,-, “pain.”] Slight or 
gentle pains in the stomach. 
Ci as-1 ryper-pa-tli ia. [From yaa- 
rhp, the “stomach,” virep, “above,” “ex- 
cessive,” and 7radog, “disease.”] Severe 
affection of the stomach. 
Gas-t ry-po-pa-ttiia.® [From yaa- 
rrjp, the “stomach,” vao, “under,” and 
nddog, “ disease.”] Slight affection of the 
stomach. 
G&teau 1Y-I>rile, g.Yto' fAbril'. The 
French term for Ague Cake, which see. 
Gath'er-ing. The same as Abscess, 
and Suppuration. 
Gau1-tlte'ri-a.® The Pharmacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Gaul- 
the'ria procum'bens. 
Ganl-tlier'ic The heavy oil 
of partridge-berry, or Gaultheria pro- 
cumbens, formerly a constituent of the 
commercial oil of wintergreen. It com- 
bines with bases, and forms salts called 
gaultherates. The light oil of partridge- 
berry is called gaultherylene, 
Gayaeine. See Guaiacin. 
Gaz. See Gas. 
Gaziform. See Gasiform. 
Gazoineter. See Gasometer. 
(or A$'id. [From yea, 
“earth,” ymvog, “earthy.”] A name 
given by Berzelius to humus, or vegetable 
mould, the result of the decomposition 
of vegetable substances. 
(fel-a-tig en-ous. [From gelat'ina, 
“gelatine,” and yevvaw, to “produce.”] 
Yielding gelatine, or forming the gelatin- 
ous structures of the body. 
Gula-tlne. [Gelat'ina; fromge'lo) 
218 GEL 
GEN 
gela'tum, to “congeal,” to “harden.”] 
Jelly. A substance obtained from bone, 
cartilage, sinew, ligament, skin, cellular 
tissue, and serous membrane, by long- 
continued boiling in water. The glue 
and isinglass of commerce are forms of 
gelatine. 
Gel atine Cuji sulcs. Capsules pre- 
pared from a concentrated solution of 
gelatine, and filled with medicines. 
When swallow’ed, the capsules dissolve 
in the gastro-intestinal juices, and the 
nauseous taste of the medicine is 
avoided. 
Gelatine, Sugar of. See Glyci- 
COLL. 
<»el-a-4in 'I-form. [Gelatinifor'- 
niis.j Resembling gelatine. . 
[From gelat'ina, 
“gelatine.”] Gelat'inous. Like gela- 
tine, or full of gelatine. Applied in the 
plural masculine (Gelatino'si) to an order 
of Puli/pi. 
[Gelat iiiosiis. ] 
Like gelatine; composed of gelatine. 
Gelatinous Tissues. Tissues 
which yield to boiling water a substance 
which, on cooling, forms a jelly, or may 
be called gelatine. They are chiefly 
found in the cellular membrane, the 
membranes in general, the tendons, 
ligaments, bones, cartilages, etc. 
Gelatio (je-la'she-o), o'nis.* [From 
ge'lo, gela'tum, to “freeze.”] Literally, 
a “ freezing.” Sometimes applied to the 
rigid state of the body in catalepsy. 
<luav. = Gelat' ind qua'vis.* “ In 
any kind of jelly.” 
Yellow jasmine. 
The Pharmacopceial name for the root 
of Gelse'mium sempervi'rens. This plant 
has been placed in the secondary list of 
the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1800. 
Gemclli. See Gemellus. 
Ge-mel-lK-ftorus.* [From gemel'- 
lus, “double,” or “twin,” and flos, a 
“flower.”] Having flowers disposed 
two and two : gemelliflo'rate. 
Ge-mol'Ins. plural (■(‘-niel li. [Di- 
minutive of gem'inns, “ double.”] Ap- 
plied to the Gastrocnemius externus mus- 
cle, because it has a double origin. 
Gemini. See Geminus. 
See Gemelli- 
FLORUS. 
plural fyem'I-ni. “ Dou- 
ble.” or “twin.” Applied to certain parts 
of plants when in pairs. Applied also to 
the gemelli muscles, and to leaves, etc. 
gem'ma.* A bud which contains 
the rudiments of a plant in a latent state 
till the season favors its evolution. Also, 
a precious stone : a gem. 
Gem-niiVoooiis. [Gemma 'eons; 
from gem'ma, a “ bud.”] Belonging to 
buds; having buds. 
lion. [Oemmadio, o'iris ; 
from gem'ma, a “ bud.”] The state or 
process of budding; the arrangement 
of leaves or petals in a bud. 
Gem-mi I'er-oiis. [Geminif'crus; 
from gem'ma, a “bud,” or “gem,” and 
fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing buds, or con- 
taining gems. 
Geiis-mi-fi-ojVtioii. [Geinmifica'- 
tio, o' iris; from gem'ma, a “bud,” and 
fa'cio, to “ make.”] The manner in 
which the bud or gem is developed. 
Also, synonymous with Ramification. 
[From gem'ma, a 
“bud,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers like buds : gemmiflo'rate. 
[From gem’ma, 
a “bud.”] Bud- or gem-like: gem'mi- 
form. 
iiem-migt'a-rons. [Genimip'artis; 
from gem'ma, a “bud,” and pa'rio, to 
“bring forth.”] Applied to the multi- 
plication of the species by buds, or gem- 
mules, arising from germs, as exemplified 
in the vegetable kingdom and in many 
of the Infusoria. 
Gein-uiii-i;Vt ion. [Genimula'tio, 
o'iris; from gem'mula, a “little bud.”] 
A kind of reproduction consisting in 
simple growth and development with- 
out the agency of sexes. See Gemmip- 
arous. 
[Gem'mula ; diminu- 
tive of gem'ma, a “bud.”] The rudiment 
of the stem, afterwards becoming stem 
and branches ; a plumule. 
tye'ua,* plural tye'nse. [From yivvs, 
the “cheek-bone.”] (Fr. Jane, zhoo.) 
The cheek, or cheeks, forming the late- 
ral walls of the mouth. They are com- 
posed chiefly of muscular tissue, lined 
internally with a mucous membrane. 
Genoives, zhoN°'s6v'. The French 
term for the “gums.” See Gingiva. 
tyen-e-an'tliro-py. [From yevcd, 
“birth,” and aedpomo;, a “man.”] The 
same as Anthropogf.ny. 
plural of Genus, which see. 
Prae-ti'tion-er. A term 
app’ied to those practitioners in England 
and Wales who do not profess to advise 
as pure physicians, or to act as pure sur- 
geons, but perform in their daily voca- 
tion the duties of both, with those of the 
obstetrician in addition. 
Gen-er-iit ion. [Genera' tio, o'iris ; 
219 GEN 
GEO 
from gen'era, genera'turn, to “beget.”] 
The act of reproducing; reproduction. 
Generation, Fksiparons. See 
Fissiparous Generation. 
Genera'tion, Or gans of. In 
woman, the external are the ikons veneris, 
labia, perinteum, clitoris, and nymphse; 
the internal, the vagina, uterus, ovaria, 
and Fallopian tubes ; in man, the penis, 
testes, vesiculse seminales, vasa deferentia, 
and prostate gland. 
tye-nSr'ic. [Generlcns.] Belong- 
ing to the same genus. 
tye-ne's»-al. [Genesia'lis; from 
-yereatf, “origin,” “generation.”] Be- 
longing to generation. 
<«on-es'ie-us.* Belonging to genesis. 
[From yhio, to “be 
horn.”] Birth, origin, or generation. 
Genet des Teinturiers. See Ge- 
nista Tinctoria. 
[See Geneticus.] The 
name of a class in Dr. Good’s Nosology, 
comprising diseases connected with the 
sexual function. 
tyen-etl-cus.'* [From yivemg, “gene- 
ration,” or ytvcaco, to “beget.”] Belong- 
ing to the procreative function : genet'ic. 
[From Gene'va, where 
first made.] (Fr. Gcnierre, zheh-ne-evR' 
or zh’ne-sLvR'.) Gin, distilled from malt 
or rye, and afterwards subjected to the 
same process with juniper-berries. A 
spurious kind, from turpentine and car- 
damom-seeds, with very few, if any, 
juniper-berries, is largely consumed in 
the English metropolis, etc., as British 
gin. 
t)len-ie'u-Iate. [Genicula'tns; 
from genic'ulum.] Bent like a little 
joint, or like the knee. 
Gi'-nicii-limi. [Diminutive of ye'- 
nu, the “knee.”] A small knot or joint; 
a little knee. 
Ge iii-o-. [From yemov, the “chin.”] 
A prefix denoting attachment to, or con- 
nection with, the chin. 
(le-iiis'ta Tinc-to'rl-a.* (“Dyers’ 
Broom.”) (Fr. Genet des Teinturiers, 
zh’nS, d& taN°'tii're-&'.) A shrub culti- 
vated in Europe and the United States, 
and sometimes used in medicine. 
[Genitalis; from gig'- 
no, gen'itum, to “beget.”] Belonging to 
generation. 
(>i‘a I[Genitalia, plural 
neuter of Genitalis; from the same.] 
The organs or parts contributing to 
generation in the male or female. See 
Generation, Organs op. 
tyenl-to-. [From genita'lia.] A pre- 
fix denoting connection with the genital 
organs. 
The name of a 
nerve proceeding from the first lumbar, 
and dividing into an internal branch, 
tvhich accompanies the spermatic cord; 
and an external, which is distributed 
into filaments at the crural arch. 
Genneticus. See Geneticus. 
Genou. See Genu. 
Gentian. See Gextiana Lutea. 
Gentiana,* jen-she-a'na. [From 
Gen'tius, a king of Illyria.] The Phar- 
macopoeial name || of the root of Gentiana 
lutea. Gentian is an excellent bitter 
tonic, and is particularly adapted to 
cases of simple debility of the digestive 
organs. 
GentiU'na Cat-es-bsel.* Blue gen- 
tian. The Phannacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the root of Gentiana Catesbsei. 
Gentia'na I.u'tc-a.® Gentiana 
Bu'bra.:; The gentian-plant; felwort. 
Gentia'na Radix.* (“ Gentian 
Root.”) See Gentiana Lutea. 
Gentianacea;,* jen-slie-an-a'she-e. 
[From Gentia'na, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in nearly all parts of the 
world. Their characteristic property is 
intense bitterness, which resides in the 
root, stem, leaf, etc., and renders them 
tonic, stomachic, and febrifugal. The 
gentian-root is an example. Some spe- 
cies are prized for their beauty. 
[Gentiana'- 
ceus.] Resembling the Gentian plant. 
See Gentianace.®. 
Iai'te-te Ra'dix.* 
(“ Root of Gentiana Lutea.”) See Gen- 
tiana. 
Gentianin, jen'shc-a-nin. [Genti- 
aiti'na.] The bitter principle of the 
plant Gentiana lutea. 
Gentianius, or Gentianus. See 
Gentianaceous. 
plural (Fr. Ge- 
noa, zheh-noo'.) The knee; the articu- 
lation of the leg with the thigh. 
Gen'u-a,* the plural of ye'nu, the 
“knee.” 
Gcniia Vftl'ga.* [From val'gus, 
“crooked,” or “bowed.”] (“Bowed or 
Crooked Knees.”) The deformity vul- 
garly called knock-knees. 
gen. [From 
yLo;, a “family.”] A group or assem- 
blage of species subordinate to a class 
or order. 
[Geocen'tricus; 
from yij, or yea, the “ earth,” and KcrrpiKos, 
220 GEO 
GER 
“centric.”] Having the earth for the 
centre. Applied to the place in which 
any heavenly body, as seen from the 
earth, appears. 
ode. [Geo'des; from yrj, or yea, the 
“earth.”] Belonging to earth; earthy. 
Applied in Mineralogy to a stone contain- 
ing a cavity usually lined within with 
crystals, but sometimes containing loose 
earth or a nodule of stone. The term 
Geode is also applied to the cavity itself. 
(ic-od'c-sy. [Geodse'aia; from yh, 
or yea, the “ earth,” and cairn, to “ divide.”] 
That science by which the extent and 
figure of the earth (or of a portion of its 
surface) are ascertained. 
(>c-of-l'rae'a.® [Named after Dr. 
Geoffroy.] A Linnsean genus of the 
class Diadelphia, natural order Legu- 
minosse, or Fabacete. 
GeotFrse'a In-er'mis.* The syste- 
matic name of the cabbage-tree. 
(■e-o-gen'i-ciis.* Belonging to ge- 
ogony: geogen'ic. 
G«*os<*ny. See Geooony. 
Ge-og-nostio. [Geognos’ticns.] 
Belonging to geognosy'. 
tye-og-'no-sy. [Geogno'sia; from 
yrj, or yea, the “ earth,” and yvCxrtg, 
“knowledge.”] The knowledge or 
science of the structure of the globe. It 
may be regarded as essentially the same 
as Geology, which see. 
(/e-ogo-iiy, or [Ge- 
ojfe'uia; from yh, or yea, the “earth,” 
and yero}, to “ be born.”] The doctrine 
of the formation of the earth. 
[Gcogra'phia; 
from yh, or yea, the “ earth,” and yparpm, 
to “write.”] A description of the known 
world, its mountains, seas, rivers, parts, 
limits, situation, and all other remark- 
able things belonging to it. 
[Geolo'gia; from yh, 
or yea, the “ earth,” and Xoyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] That branch of science which 
treats of the structure or formation of 
the earth, including the rocks, strata, 
etc., of which it is composed. It is dis- 
tinguished from Mineralogy by treating 
of mineral substances in the aggregate, 
while Mineralogy is chiefly confined to 
the consideration of particular species. 
<)ie-o-met’ric, Ge-o-naieS 'ri-cal. 
[Geomet'ricus.] Belonging to ge- 
ometry. 
Ge-oni'e-try. [Geoine'tria; from 
yh, or yea, the “earth.” and yerpeo), to 
“measure.”] Originally, the art of 
measuring the earth, or any distance or 
dimensions on it. Now applied to the 
science of quantity and extension, 
spective of matter. 
<j»e-on'o-ii»y. [Geono'mia; from 
yh, or yea, the “earth,” and royog, a 
“law.”] That branch of general Physics 
which treats of the laws regulating the 
changes that have taken place, or are 
now taking place, in the structure of the 
earth, or in the atmosphere. 
[From yrj, or yea, 
the “earth,” and <piA«o, to “love.”] 
Earth-loving. Applied as a specific name 
to plants that grow on the earth, to dis- 
tinguish them from others of the same 
genus or order growing on trees, etc. 
Also applied in the plural neuter (Ge- 
oph'ila) to a division of Gasteropoda that 
live upon the land. 
Bark. The bark of the 
Pinckneya pnbens, an American plant, 
used as a substitute for Cinchona. 
plural of Ge-ra'iil-iini, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Geraniacea;. 
Geraniacese,* je-ra-ne-a'she-e, or 
A natural order of exoge- 
nous plants, including the Geranium. An 
astringent principle and an aromatic or 
resinous flavor characterize this order. 
Cranesbill. The Phar- 
macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the rhi- 
zoma of Gera'niton macula'turn. 
[From yhpag,“old age.”] 
Belonging to old age. Applied (in the 
plural, Gerat'ici) to an order of diseases. 
[Gcr'men, Gcr'minK] 
The first principle of any thing that has 
life, whether animal or vegetable. Ap- 
plied in Botany to the corculum or embryo 
of a germinating seed, lying between 
the cotyledons, and constituting the exact 
point from which the life and organization 
of the future plant are to spring. 
Sil'ver (called by the Chi- 
nese Pacfcfong). The white alloy of 
nickel, formed by fusing together one 
hundred parts of copper, sixty of zinc, 
and forty of nickel. 
Ger man Tin'der. (Fr. Amadou, 
i'in&'doo'.) A substance prepared from 
the Polyp'orus /omenta'rius and ignia'- 
rius, by cutting the fungi into slices, 
beating, and soaking them in a solution 
of nitre. 
gen. Ger'iisl-nls. The 
rudiment of the young fruit and seed of 
vegetables at the base of the pistil; also 
the same as Gf.rm, which see. 
Germinal Membrane. See Blas- 
toderm. 
Gcr-ml-iiii't ion. [Germ inn'tio. 
221 GER 
GLA 
o'nis; from ger'mino, germina'tum, to 
“ bud.”] The act of sprouting. 
Gor-in in 'a-tlve. [Gerniinati'vus; 
from the same.] Having powder to bud, 
or develop. 
<(«i1 r-o-co'mi-si.* [From yepa;, “ old 
age,” and sopsco, to “care for.”] That 
department of hygiene which treats of 
the regimen and medical attention pro- 
per for old age. 
Gfralle. The same as Gibofle. 
<ji!r-(»n-t«x'«n.:s [From ytpwv, yepov- 
to;, an “old man,” and rofor, a “bow.”] 
The same as Abcus Senilis, which see. 
Gesneraceae,*jes-ner-a'she-e. [From 
Gesne'ra, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous plants (shrubs or 
herbs), found in India, Europe, etc. 
Ijes-ta'tioii. [Gesta'tio, o'nis; from 
ges'to, gestu'tum, to “ carry often,” to 
“carry about” (from ge'ro, ges'tum, to 
“carry”).] The condition of a pregnant 
female; pregnancy; gravidity, or uterine 
gestation. Also, applied to a species of 
exercise without bodily exertion; as 
swinging, riding in a carriage, or sailing. 
A Linnaean genus of the 
class Icosandria, natural order Rosaeese. 
Also, the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
for the root of Ge'umriva'le (Water Avens). 
(jc'uin Ur-baTium.® The herb 
avens, or ben net. 
G. G. G. = Gnm'mi Gut'tse Gam'bise.* 
“ Gamboge.” 
Gib-bi-for'mis.* [From gib'bus, a 
“hump on the back.”] Resembling a 
hump: gib'biform. 
Gil)-I)Os i-(,v. [Gibbos'itas, n'tis; 
from gib'bus, “crooked,” or “bossed.”] 
The state of being irregularly swelled 
or bunched; crookedness. 
Gib'bnus. [Gib'bus; from vSo;, the 
“hump on a camel’s back.”] Convex; 
bunched out. 
Giddiness. See Yebtigo. 
(Jil-Ie'iu-a.! The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of Gille'nia 
trifolia'ta, and of Gille'nia stipula'cea. 
Gilliesiaeese,* jil-le-se-a'she-e. 
[From Gillie'sia, one of the genera.] A 
small natural order of endogenous and 
bulbous plants, found in Chili. 
Gil-ll-flow' er, or Gil'ly-FIow'cr. 
The Dian'thus caryophyl'lus. 
Gills. [From gu'la, the “throat.” 
Lat. Bran'chise.] The organs of res- 
piration in fishes. See Bbanchi.®. 
(jim-ber-nats'; Sp. 
pron. inhn-beB-n&t') Ufj'a-meiit. The 
broad, thin, triangular insertion of Pou- 
part’s ligament. 
Gin. See Geneva. 
The root of Zingiber offici- 
nale. 
tyin-gi'va.* [Derived, according to 
some, from gig'no, to “beget,” because 
they seem to produce the teeth.] (Pr. 
Geucive, zhoN°'s£v'.) The gum; the 
highly vascular, fleshy substance cover- 
ing the alveoli, and necks of the teeth. 
[From gingi'ra, 
the “gum.”] Inflammation of the gum. 
[(iinglymoi'des; 
from yiyyX'goj, a “hinge,” and el do;, a 
“form.”] Resembling a hinge; hinge- 
like. 
[Gr. yiyyh'po;.'] A 
species of diarthrosis. A hinge-like ar- 
ticulation, in which the bones move upon 
each other in two directions only, viz.: 
forwards and backwards. Examples 
occur in the elbow, the wrist, the knee, 
the ankle, the lower jaw, etc. 
[A Chinese word, signi- 
fying, it is said, the “ power of man ;” so 
called because it is supposed to increase 
virility.] The Chinese name of the root 
of the Pa'nax quinquefo'lium. See Panax. 
Girofle, A French term for 
the “clove.” Sec Eugenia. 
Oiz'zard. [Veiitric'iiliis Callo'- 
sus.] The proper stomach of birds. 
Gla-bel'la.® [Diminutive of gla'brn, 
the feminine of gla'ber, “ smooth.”] The 
small space between the eyebrows, and 
immediately above a line from one to 
the other; also called IntebcIlium. 
Gla-bel'lar. [Glabella'ris.] Be- 
longing to the glabella. The same as 
Antinial. 
Glabrous. [Gla'ber; from yXa0v- 
/><k, “fair.”] Without hairs or pubes- 
cence ; smooth. 
Glace, glSss. The French term for 
“ice.” See Glacif.s. 
Glacial, gla'she-al. [Glacia'lis; 
from gla'cies, “ ice.”] Pertaining to icc ; 
like ice; icy. The term is often applied 
to acids existing in a crystalline form like 
ice. 
Gla'cial A-cet'ic A$'id. The strong- 
est acetic acid which can be procured. 
It exists in a crystallized state under 50° 
of Fahrenheit, and contains 79 percent, 
of real acid. See Acetum. 
Gla'cial Phos-phor'ic [A?'- 
idiiiii FBiosplior'iciun Glacia'le.] 
A colorless, glass-like substance, some- 
times used as a tonic and refrigerant. It 
has been placed on the primary list of 
the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for I860. 
222 Glacies,* gla'she-ez. [From gelas'co, 
to “ freeze.”] The Latin term for “ice,” 
Dr congealed water. 
Glad'I-ate. [Gladia'tus; from 
gla'dius, a “ sword.”] Sword-like; ensi- 
fortn. 
Gla'di-us Pis-to-ri-en'sis.* (A 
“Pistorian Sword-Knife.”) A bistoury : 
so called because the town of Piston was 
once famous for their manufacture. See 
Bistoury. 
Glaire, or Glair. The white of egg. 
Glair'in, or Glair'lne. [Glairi'na.] 
A peculiar vegetable or animal sub- 
stance, somewhat resembling dried albu- 
men (or glaire), produced at the sulphu- 
reous spring of Aix, in Savoy. 
Glance. A name given to certain 
minerals which have a metallic or pseudo- 
metallic lustre, as glance coal, etc. 
Gland. [Gians, Glan'dis; from 
glam, an “ acorn.”] An organ consist- 
ing of blood-vessels, absorbents, and 
nerves, for secreting or separating some 
particular fluid from the blood. Also, 
the bulbous extremity of the penis and 
clitoris. In Botany, applied to a secre- 
tory vessel. 
Gland, Pain of. See Adenalgia. 
Glanders. See Farcy. 
Gian di-form. [Glandifor'mis.] 
Formed or shaped like a gland. The 
same as Adeniform, and Adenoid. 
Glan'dti-la.* [Diminutive of glans.\ 
A little gland: a glan'dule. 
Glandula Prostata Muliebris. 
See Corpus Glandulosum. 
Gian'dn-lac Ag-gre-ga't®,*1 or 
Glan'dulae ('mi-gre-ga'ta1.* (••' Ag- 
gregated or Clustered Glandules.”) See 
Peyer's Glands. 
Glan'dulae An-tl-pros-tat'I-^ae.* 
The antiprostatic glandules or glands. 
Glandulae Brnnneri. See Brun- 
ner's Glands. 
Gland ilia- fowperi. See Glandu- 
la-: Antiprostatic.e. 
Glandulae HEeibomii. See Meibo- 
mian Glands. 
Glandulae Myrtiformes. See Ca- 
rt; NO ULA: MyrTIFORMES. 
Glandulae X'nbotbi, Glandulae 
Nabothianae. See Naboth’s Glands. 
Glandulae Odoriferae. See Tysoni 
Glandula:. 
Glandulae Paccbioniae. See Pac- 
chionia:, Glandula. 
Glandulae Solitariae. See Brun- 
ner’s Glands. 
Glandulae Tysoni. See Tysoni 
Glandula:. 
GLA 
Glan'du-lar. [Glandula'rius, 
from glan'dula.] Pertaining to, or like, 
a gland, in appearance, function, or 
structure. 
(ilaii du-lous. [Glandulo'sns; 
from glan'dula.] Having little eleva- 
tions like glands. 
Gians. See Gland. 
Gians Cli-tor'i-dis.* A term ap- 
plied to the extremity of the clitoris. 
Gians Pe'nis.® The nut-like head 
of the Mem'brum viri'le. 
Glaserian Fissure, or Fissure of 
Glaserius. See Fissura Glaserii. 
Glass. See Cyathus. 
Glass, Sol'u-ble, is formed by com- 
bining potash or soda with silicic acid 
or silica, without any third ingredient. 
It presents the usual vitreous aspect, but 
is easily dissolved in water. It is em- 
ployed as a kind of paint for paper, 
cloth, wood, etc., to prevent or retard 
their inflammation on the contact of an 
ignited body. 
Glau ber's .Sails. [Sal Glau'beris.] 
The sulphate of soda. 
Glau-coina. at is.* [From ybavros, 
“blue green,” also “light gray.”] Dim- 
ness or defect of vision from opacity of 
the vitreous humor. 
Glau-co-mat'i-cus.* Pertaining to 
glaucoma. 
Glan-com'a-tous, or Glau-coin'a- 
tose. [Glaucomato'des, Glaucoim- 
ato'sns; from glauco'ma.] Having 
glaucoma, or like glaucoma: green. 
Glau-co'sis.* Another name for 
Glaucoma, which see. 
Glau'cous. [Glau'cus; from 
yXavKos, a “blue green,” or “light gray.”] 
Light gray. Applied to leaves or fruits 
covered with a whitish bloom which is 
easily rubbed off, as the cabbage-leaf or 
the plum. 
Gleet. [Anglo-Saxon Glidan, to 
“glide,” to “flow down gently.”] A 
thin matter issuing out of ulcers, but 
generally applied to a result of gonor- 
rhoeal disease. 
Gle'noid. [Glenoi'des; from yXijpij, 
a “cavity,” and eldos, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a pit or cavity. 
Gleueose. See Glucose. 
Gli'a-din. [Gliadi'na; from yXi'a, 
“glue.”] One of the constituents of 
vegetable gluten. 
Glis'son, Cap'sule of. [Cap'sula 
Glisso'nii.] A thin, strong sheath of 
peritonaeum surrounding the vessels of 
the liver, and entering the transverse 
fissure, throughout the entire organ. 
GLI 
223 GLO 
GLO 
Glo'bate. [Globa'tus; from glo'bus, 
a “ball.”] Shaped like a ball. 
Glo'bose. [Globo'sus; from glo'bus, 
a “ball.”] Round like a ball; globular. 
Glab'u-lar. [Globula'ris; from 
glo'bws, a “globe.”] Like a globe. 
Glob'ule. [Glob'ulus; diminutive 
of ijlo'bns, a “globe.”] Applied to such 
particles of matter as are of a globular 
or spherical figure, like the globules of 
the blood, or of milk. 
Glob'u-Iiu, or Glob'u-llne. [Glob- 
uli'na; from glob'ulus, a “globule.”] 
The colorless substance which remains 
after the red coloring matter has been 
removed from the globules of the 
blood. 
Glob'u-li&m. [From glob'ulus, a 
“ little globe,” or “ pill.”] A name for 
Homoeopath//. 
Glo'bus Ilys-tSr'I-cus.* (“ Hyster- 
ical Ball.”) A sensation as if a ball 
were ascending in the throat, caused by a 
portion of air arising in the oesophagus, 
and prevented from escaping by spasm. 
Glo'bus Major.* The head of the 
epididymis. 
Glo'bus Mi'nor.® The lower en- 
largement of the epididymis. 
Glo-chid'i-ate, Glo'ctiln-ate. 
[Gloeliidia'tus, Glocliina'tus; from 
yXtox‘f) the “point of a dart.”] A botani- 
cal term signifying “barbed,” bent back 
at the point, like the barb of a fish- 
hook. 
Glom'er-ato. [Glomera'tus; from 
glom'ero, glomera'turn, to “wind on a 
ball” (from glo'mus, a “clue,” or 
“ball”).] Crowded together; congre- 
gated. Applied to glands formed of a 
clue, as it were, of sanguineous vessels 
having an excretory duct but no cavity. 
Glom'e-rule. [Glomerulus; di- 
minutive of glo'mus, a “ clue of thread.”] 
A botanical term signifying a small tuft 
or capitulum, mostly in the axilla of the 
peduncle. 
Glos'sa.® [Gr. yXciWa.] The tongue; 
the chief organ of taste. See Tongue. 
Glos'sa-gra.* [From yX/oa-aa, the 
“tongue,” and aypa, a “secure.”] Vio- 
lent pain in the tongue; nearly the same 
as glossalgia. 
Glos-sal'£i-a.';f [From yXwowa, the 
“tongue,” and uXyo;, “pain.”] Pain in 
the tongue. See Glossagra. 
G!os-sftl'&l-cus.* Belonging to 
glossalgia: glossal'gic. 
Glos-san'tlirax, ac»«.# [From yX'Su- 
oa, the “tongue,” and iiSpai, a “burning 
coal.”] Carbuncle of tho tongue, of 
rare occurrence in human beings, but 
not unfrequent in some domestic ani- 
mals. 
Glos-sep-I-glot'tl-cus.* [From 
yXcoowa, the ‘‘tongue,” and epiglot'tis.\ 
Belonging to the tongue and epiglottis. 
Applied to a ligament: glossepiglot'tic. 
Glos-sit'I-cus.® Belonging to glos- 
sitis : glossit'ic. 
<■ los-si t is. IdisS’ [From yXwaaa, the 
“tongue.”] Inflammation of the tongue. 
Glos-so-cat'o-ehus.* [From yXoxma, 
the “tongue,” and Karexm, to “hold 
down.”] An instrument for depressing 
the tongue. 
[From yXaxma, the 
“tongue,” and /o'/Xi7, a “tumor.”] Ex- 
trusion, or a hypertrophied condition of 
the tongue, causing it to be partially 
projected. 
Glos-soc'o-inum.* [From yXdiaaa, 
the “tongue,” and sopeoj, ,to “guard.”] 
Formerly, a case for the'tongue of a 
hautboy; but, metaphorically, a kind 
of long box or case for containing a 
fractured leg. 
Glos-sojf'ra-pliy. [Glossogra'- 
pliia; from yXmaaa, the “tongue,” and 
ypa<l>M, to “ write.”] A description of the 
tongue. 
Glos-so-liy'al. [Glossoliya'Ils; 
from yXataaa, the “tongue,” and hyoi'dcs, 
“hyoid.”] Applied by Geoffroy St. 
Hilaire to the posterior cornua of the 
hyoid bone, and by Owen to the Os lin- 
(juale in birds and fishes. 
Glos-so-i'des.* [From yXmaaa, the 
“tongue,” and tidoj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling the tongue: glos'soid. 
Glos-sol'o-jjj'. [Glossoly'gia; from 
yXdma, the “tongue,” and Xdynj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the powers and 
functions of the tongue; the science of 
the tongue. Also used nearly synony- 
mously with Terminology. 
Glos-sol'y-sis.® [From yXwo-o-a, the 
“tongue,” and Xtmis, a. “solution.”] Pa- 
ralysis of the tongue. See Glossoplegia. 
Glossomantia,* glos-so-man'she-a. 
[From yXuaaa, the “tongue,” and parreia, 
a “divination.”] Prognosis from the 
state of the tongue. See Glossoscopia. 
Glosso-Pliaryng’eal. See Glosso- 
Pharyngeus. 
Glosso-Pliar-jn-ge'al Jierves. 
Another name for the eighth pair. 
Glos'so-Phftr-yn-£e'us.* [From 
yX'3ran, the “tongue,” and </>dpuy£, the 
“pharynx.”] Belonging to the tongue 
and pharynx. A synonym of the con- 
strictor s/q/erior of the pharynx, from 
224 its origin in the root of the tongue, and 
its insertion into the pharynx. 
Glos-so-ple'&I-a. * [From yXwova, 
the “tongue,” and n\nyn, a “stroke.”] 
Paralysis of the tongue: glos'soplegy. 
Glos-sop-to'sis.® [From yXSmaa, the 
“tongue,” and niwai;, a “falling.”] A 
falling or lengthening of the tongue. 
Glos-sor-rha'gi-a.;: [From yXwcro-a, 
the “tongue,” and pnyvvpi, to “burst 
forth.”] An incomplete term, intended 
to mean haemorrhage from the tongue. 
Glos-sor-i-ha plii-a. ’ [From ykomaa, 
the “tongue,” and f>a(bri, a “suture.”] 
The suture, or sewing up of a wound, of 
the tongue. 
Glos-sos-eo'pT-a.® [From yX<3ana, the 
“tongue,” and mamem, to “examine.”] 
Examination of the tongue, as a princi- 
pal means of diagnosis: glossos'copy. 
Glos-so-st apli-y-linuH.® [From 
yXCxtaa, the “tongue,” and arwpvXti, the 
“uvula.”] A designation of the constric- 
tor isthmi faucium, from its origin in the 
tongue and its insertion into the uvula. 
Glos-sos-te-re'sis.® [From yXwooa, 
the “tongue,” and arepem, to “deprive.”] 
Excision or extirpation of the tongue. 
Glos-sot'o-myL [Glossoto'mia; 
from yXtoCToa, the “tongue,” and repro), to 
“cut.”] Dissection of the tongue. 
Glos-syper-tro'phi-a.® [From 
yXwo-a, the “tongue,” and hypertro'phia, 
“hypertrophy.”] Hypertrophy of the 
tongue: glossyper'trophy. 
Glot-tl-tlo-spus'inus.® [From glot'- 
tis, and spas'mus, a “spasm.”] Spasm 
of the glottis. 
Glot'tis, \disr* [Gr. yXcorn'f, the 
small chink or aperture of a pipe.] The 
aperture of the larynx. 
Glot-ti'tis.® Inflammation of the 
glottis. 
or Glu'tine. [From 
yXuKtk, “sweet.”] One of the primitive 
earths. 
Glu-cin'I-um,® or Glu-^i'num.® 
The metallic base of glucina. 
Glu'cose. [From yXvxvs, “sweet.”] 
A kind of sugar obtained from grapes; 
also from starch and sulphuric acid. 
Glue. [Lat. Glu'ten, or Glu'ti- 
mim; Gr. yXi'a, “paste,” or “glue.”] 
A jelly obtained by boiling the parings 
of hides and other offal. 
Gln-co-su'rl-a.® [From glucose, and 
tvpor, “ urine.”] Applied to the urine in 
diabetes mellitus. 
Glu-ma'ceous. [Gluma'ceus; 
from glu'ma, a “glume.”] Having 
glumes ; like a glume. 
GLO 
Glume. [Glu'ma; from glu'bo, to 
“pull off bark.”] The husk of corn; 
chaff; a species of calyx peculiar to 
corn and grasses. 
Glunious. See Glumaceous. 
Glu-tse'us.® [From yXour<%, the “ but- 
tock.”] (Fr. Fessier, fes'se-&\) The name 
of three muscles forming the greater part 
of the fleshy mass beneath the ischia. 
The}’ are termed the Glutseus maximus, 
the Glutseus medius, and the Glutseus mini- 
mus. Belonging to the buttock: glute'al. 
Glu'ten,® gen. Glu'tl-nis. Glue. 
Usually applied to vegetable gluten, or 
the residue after the farina of wheat has 
been deprived of its starch; paste. 
Glu'ten, An'i-mal. The same as 
Gelatine, which see. 
Gluten, Vegetable. See Gluten. 
Glu'tin, or Glu'tine. [Gluti'na; 
from glu'ten, “glue.”] A distinct form 
of gelatine obtained from common glue, 
of which it forms the chief ingredient. 
Glutineux. See Glutinous. 
Glu'tln-ous. [Lat. Glutino'sus; 
Fr. Glutineux, glu'tC'ru h'.] Having the 
properties of gluten; gluey; adhesive. 
Glutinum. See Glue. 
Glu-ti'tis, idis* [From yXowrdj, the 
“buttock.”] Inflammation of the but- 
tocks, or of the glutsei muscles. 
GI.Vt'er-i(l, or A com- 
pound of glycerin with a fatty acid. 
or [GIy<_- 
eri'na; from yXwctSj, “ sweet.”] A yel- 
lowish, transparent, syrup-like fluid, 
without smell, and of a sweet taste, 
obtained from the residue in making 
litharge plaster, and from the refuse in 
the manufacture of soap, etc. It is 
alterative and demulcent. 
The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for Glycehin, which see. 
Gly$'I-coll. [Glycicol'la; from 
y\vKif, “sweet,” and <coXX«, “glue.”] Su- 
gar of gelatine, obtained by boiling gluten 
in an excess of caustic alkali. 
Glycocholic. See Taurocholic. 
Glyc'o-jjen. [From glu'cose, and 
yewato, to “produce.”] Literally, “pro- 
ducing glucose.” A peculiar substance 
in the tissue of the liver, which may be 
changed into glucose. 
jm.:? [From yXwrff, 
“sweet,” and p'd,a, a “root.”] The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for the root of Gh/c- 
yrrhiza glabra; the Glycyrrhizse Radix 
of the Edinburgh and Dublin Pharma- 
copoeias. 
Glycyrrhi'za Gla'bra.® The 
liquorice-plant. 
GLY 
228 GLY 
GON 
tdy-cJi rlii-ziii. [Glyoyrrhizi'na.j 
The saccharine juice of the Glycyrrhiza, 
or liquorice-plant. 
Gly-phog'ra-phy. [Glyphogra'- 
phia; from yXutprj, a “carving” or “grav- 
ing,” and ypa<pio, to “paint.”] A new 
kind of engraved drawing, by which 
prints are produced in colors from the 
printing-press. 
Glyster. See Clyster, and Enema. 
Gna-tl»iU'£I-ai!f (na-thal'je-a). [From 
yi/aOo;, the “jaw,” or “cheek,” and aXyog, 
“ pain.”] Pain of the jaw or cheek. 
Gna-41iit'I-cus.* Belonging to 
gn athitis. 
Giia-ilii'tis, idis.* [From ymxOos, the 
“jaw,” or “cheek.”] Internal inflam- 
mation of the cheek or maxilla. 
Gnatli-o-neii-rsil'gi-a..* [From yva- 
Oo;, the “jaw,” or “cheek,” vtvpov, a 
“ nerve,” and aXyo;, “ pain.”] Pain of a 
nerve of the cheek, or maxilla; maxil- 
lary neuralgia. 
Gnath-o-plas'tic. j Gnat lioplas'- 
tiens.] Belonging to gnathoplasty. 
Gnatli 'o-plas-ty. [G nat hoplas'- 
tia; from yrado;, the “jaw,” or “cheek,” 
and ixXaairoi, to “ form.”] Operation for 
repairing any deficiency of the cheek by 
appropriating a sufficient portion of the 
sound parts contiguous. 
Gnetacese,* ne-ta'she-e. A natural 
order of plants (Gymnogens), found in 
the temperate parts of Europe, Asia, and 
South America. It includes Gne'tum, 
and one other genus. 
Gaad'by'sSo-lu'tion. A preparation 
for preserving animal substances, made 
with bay-salt, corrosive sublimate or 
arsenious aeid, and water. 
Goil'frey’s Cor'dI-al. A quack me- 
dicine, composed of an infusion of sas- 
safras, coriander, caraway, and anise- 
seeds. treacle, and laudanum. 
Goitre. (French, probably derived 
from gnttnr, the “throat.”) A Swiss term 
for Bronchocele, which see. 
Goltl. [Lat. Au'rmn; Fr. Or, or.] A 
yellow metal, of great malleability and 
ductility. It is found generally native, 
either massive, or disseminated in threads 
through a rock, or in grains among the 
sands of rivers. Gold is remarkable for 
resisting, under all circumstances, the 
action of the air and of the ordinary 
acids. It is, however, dissolved by chlo- 
rine and by nitro-muriatic acid, forming a 
chloride of gold. The specific gravity of 
gold is 19.3, it being, next to platinum, 
the heaviest of all metals. 
Gold-Leaf E-lec-trom'e-t«r. An 
instrument for detecting the presence of 
electricity by the divergence of two slips 
of gold-leaf. 
Gomme, gomm. The French term 
for Gum, which see. 
Gom-ptio'sis.* [From yoptpdco, to 
“ drive in a nail.”] A variety of Synar- 
throsis, in which one bone is fixed in 
another like a nail in wood, as the teeth 
in their sockets. 
Gon-a-cru tl-a.® [From yoWj, “se- 
men,” and dsparrii, “ impotent,” or “ in- 
continent.”] Gonorrhoea, in its proper 
signification, being the same as Sperma- 
torrhoea, arising from debility induced 
by excess. 
Gon'a-gTa.* [From yow, the “knee,” 
and ay pa, a “seizure.”] Gout in the 
knee, or knee-joint. 
Gon-ar-thri'tis, idis* [From yow, 
the “knee,” and lipOpov, a“ joint.”] Inflam- 
mation of the knee-joint; also, of the 
knee. 
Gon-ar-throc'a-ce.* [From y6vv, 
the “knee,” apdpov, a “joint,” and 
Kasn, “evil,” or “ disease.”] A cancer- 
ous or ulcerated condition of the knee- 
joint. 
Gon-e-tys'tis.* [From yon), “ se- 
men,” and Kvans, a “bladder.”] Applied 
in the plural {Gonecy s' tides) to the semi- 
nal vesicles. 
Gon-e-poi-e'sis.* [From yon), “ se- 
men,” and ttouu), to “make.”] The se- 
cretion of the semen. 
Gon-e-pol-et'ic. [Gonepoiet'i- 
cus.] Belonging to gonepoiesis. 
Gonflement, ghxfl'mox0'. The French 
term for “swelling.” See Tumefaction. 
Gong; Met'al. An alloy of eighty 
parts of copper and twenty of tin. 
Gon'gyle. [Lat. Gon'g'ylus; Gr. 
yoyyvXos, “ round.’-] A round, hard body 
prolonged from the wood into the bark 
of the plant, and detached by the pro- 
gress of' age. 
Gon'gy-lus.* [Gr. yoyyvXo;, “round.”] 
Round; globular: gon'gylous. 
Ga-nl-om'e-ter. [Goniom'etratn; 
from yosvia, an “ angle,” and perpor, a 
“ measure.”] An instrument for meas- 
uring the angles of crystals. 
Go-noe'a-ce.® [From y6vv, the 
“ knee,” and kokti, an “ evil.”] White 
swelling of the knee. 
Gobi'o-yele.* [From yorrj, “semen,” 
and kijXij, a “tumor.”] Effusion of se- 
men out of-the ruptured seminal vesicles, 
into the cellular texture; also, a swelling 
of the testicle and spermatic cord, from 
supposed retention of the semen. 
226 GON 
GOU 
Go'nokl. [Gonoi'des; from yovfj, 
“ semen,” and rid«y, a “ form.”] Resem- 
bling the semen. 
Gou'o-ptiore. [Gonoph'orus; 
from “seed,” “offspring,” and ipipoi, 
to “ bear.”] In Botany, a prolongation 
of the receptacle which proceeds from 
the bottom of the calyx, and sustains 
the stamens and pistil. 
Gon-o-phy-se'ma, a tit,* [From 
y6w, the “ knee,” and <pvcripa, an “ infla- 
tion.”] The same as Gonocace, Gonyo- 
cele, Gonyoncus, which see. 
Gonopoesis. See Gonepoiesis. 
Gon'or - rho - bleph' ar - rhoe' a.® 
[From yovdi'po.a, a “flow of semen,” 
apov, the “ eyelid,” and plot, to “ flow.”] 
Gonorrhoeal inflammation, and discharge 
of purulent matter from the eye and eye- 
lids. See Ophthalmia. 
Gonorrh<ea,® gon-or-re'a. [From 
yovr), “semen,” and orco, to “flow.”] In- 
voluntary discharge of semen without 
copulation. The same as Spermator- 
rhoea. Applied, however (erroneously, 
if we regard the etymology), to a dis- 
charge of purulent infectious matter from 
the urethra of males, the vagina, labia, 
nympha;, clitoris, frequently the mouth 
and neck of the uterus, and sometimes 
the urethra, of females. A genus of the 
order Apocenoses, class Locales, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
Gonorrhoea Bal'a-ni.® [From 
bal'anus, the “ glans penis.”] A puru- 
lent discharge from the surface of the 
entire glans penis, which is then in a 
highly inflamed and raw state. 
Gonorrhoea Dormientium. See 
Spermatorrhcea Dormientium. 
Gon-or-rhoe'al. [Gonorrlio'icus.] 
Belonging to gonorrhoea. 
Goiior-rho-prosta-ti'tis, idis.* 
Inflammation of the prostate gland pro- 
duced by gonorrhoea. 
Go-nos'A*he-o-£elc.® [From yovrj, 
“semen,” baxeov, the “scrotum,” and tr/hri, 
a “tumor.”] Swelling of the testicle, or 
epididymis, from accumulation of the 
semen : spermatocele. 
Gon-os-per'mous. [Gonosper'- 
mus; from ywvia, an “angle,” and 
(rjrcppa, a “ seed.”] Having angular seeds. 
Gon-os-troinn, atis* [From y6vo;, 
“offspring,” and orpcHpa, a “stratum,” or 
“ bed.”] A gon'ostrome. The germinal 
layer or bed in the ovule of M immalia; 
the Stratum proligerum of Baer. 
Go'ny-sil'gi-a.® [From yov", the 
“knee,” and uAyoj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the knee. 
[From you\ the 
“knee,” and Kapipis, a “curvature.”] 
Curvature of the knees. 
Go'ny-o-vele.* [From yow, the 
“knee,” and Krihv, a “tumor.”] White 
swelling, or what has been called hernia 
of the knee. 
Go’ny-on'eus.* [From y6vv, the 
“knee,” and iy/cdj, a “tumor.”] Swelling, 
or tumor, of the knee. See Gonyocele. 
Gon-y-ty'le.® [From yovv, the 
“knee,” and ruAjj, a “callus.”] Callus, 
or a hard thick skin, of the knee. 
Goodeniacese,® goo-de-ne-a'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
mostly herbaceous, found in Australia. 
Goose-Skin. See Cutis Anserina. 
Gor'di-us,® called also Se'ia E-qui- 
na,® or “horse-hair.” The horse-hair 
worm of the old writers. It is supposed 
to occasion Intestinal disease, occurring 
among the peasantry of Lapland from 
drinking water containing this worm; 
and Cutieular disease when it is lodged 
under the skin, constituting the morbus 
pilaris of Horst, and the mails d crinoni- 
bus of Sauvages. 
Gordius JVEedinensis. See Guinea- 
Worm. 
Gor'get. An instrument for the 
operation of lithotomy, formed like a 
knife, with a beak which fits the groove 
in the staff. 
Gos-syp'I-i Ra'dix.® (“Root of 
Gossypium.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Gossypium 
herbaceum and other species of Gossypium. 
Gos-syp'I-uni.® [Gossip'ion.] A 
Linmean genus of cotton-producing 
plants, class Monadelphia, natural order 
Malcacese. Also, the Pharmacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for cotton, a filamentous 
substance separated from the seed of 
Gossypium herbaceum, and of other species 
of Gossypium. 
Gossyp'iuni Herba'ceum® (her- 
ba'she-um). The systematic name of 
the cotton-plant. 
Goulard's (goo'lardz') Ce'riite. The 
Cera turn plumbi subacetatis. It received its 
name from Goulard (Fr. pron. gooTait'), 
a Frenchman, by whom it was intro- 
duced to the notice of the public. Its 
refrigerant properties often re nder it a 
most useful and grateful application to 
blistered surfaces indisposed to heal; 
also, to burns, excoriations, and cutaneous 
eruptions, especially if attended with 
much heat or irritation of the surface. 
Gou lard's' Ex'tract. The Liquor 
plumbi subacetatis. 
227 GOU 
GRA 
Gourd. [Cucur'bita.] The fruit of 
the Cueurbitapepo; also, the plant itself. 
Gourd, I tit'tor. The Cucumis colo- 
cynthis, plant and fruit. 
Gout. [From the Latin gut'ta; Fr. 
Goutte, goott, a “ drop;” so named from 
the idea that the disease was produced 
by a morbid fluid gradually distilling 
into the part.] Arthri'tis, characterized 
by pain in the joints, chiefly of the great 
toe, or of the feet and hands; also termed 
Podagra, which see. 
Gout'-Stone. The Cal'cuius artlirit' - 
icus, or podag'ricus. A stony concretion 
deposited in the affected part in gout. 
Goutte. See Gout. 
Gr. = Gra'num,* or Gra'na.* A 
“grain,” or “grains.” 
Gra&'fi-an Fol'll-cles [Follic'uli 
Graafia'ni], or Gran'fian Ves'I-cIes 
[Vesic'ulse Graafia'nte]. Applied to 
small spherical bodies found in the stroma 
of the ovary. They consist of two coats 
or layers. The interior, immediately en- 
closing the ovum, is termed the ovisac. 
Grae'I-lis.* (“Slender.”) Applied to 
a slender muscle of the thigh, and to apro- 
cess of the malleus, an ossicle of the ear. 
Grad'u-at-cd Com'press. A com- 
press formed of a number of circular 
pieces of cotton cloth, progressively de- 
creasing in size, the whole forming a 
sort of pyramid, the apex of which can 
be applied on the precise point wished, 
in cases of wounded arteries, etc. 
Grain. [Lat. Gra'num; Fr. Graine, 
gRen or gR&n.] Literally, “a grain or 
seed of wheat, barley,” etc. In Phar- 
macy, the twentieth part of a scruple, 
or sixtieth of a drachm. 
Graines d’Avlgnon. See French 
Berries. 
Grain** of Paradise. See Amomum 
Grana Paradisi. 
Graisse, guess or gR&ss. The French 
term for “fat.” See Adets. 
Gral'la",® gen. Gral-la'ruin, used 
only in the plural. (Literally, “ stilts.”) 
Another term for Graleatores. 
Gral-la-to'reS.* [The plural of 
gralla'tor, “one who goes on stilts.”] 
The name of an order of waders, or 
wading birds, having long legs and bills, 
by which they wade and catch their 
prey in the water. Also termed Grallse, 
Grallatorim, Grallidie. 
Gral-la-to'ri-us.iS [From gral'lse, 
“ stilts.”] Belonging to stilts or crutches. 
Sometimes applied in the plural feminine 
(Grailato'rise) to an order of birds. See 
Grallatores. 
Gra'men Ca*nl'niim.:$ The Triti- 
cum repens, couch-grass, or dog’s-grass. 
(iram'I-na,* the plural of gra'men, 
“grass,” forming the Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Giiam- 
in ace .E. 
Graminacese,* gram-i-na'she-e. 
[From gra'men, “grass.”] An important 
natural order of endogenous plants, 
very widely distributed. It includes the 
grasses, wheat, maize, and various other 
kinds of cultivated cereals, the sugar- 
cane, and the bamboo. Their habits are 
gregarious or social. Some tropical spe- 
cies assume the form of trees, and attain 
the height of fifty feet. Sugar is a gene- 
ral product of this order, and silex is 
found in the cuticle of many species. 
Orniii-i-im’c(HUis. Gra-min'e-ous. 
[Gramina'ccus, Gramin'eus; from 
gra'men, “grass.”] Belonging to grass; 
grass-like. 
Gram-I-nic'o-lus.* [From gra'men, 
“grass,” and co'lo, to “ inhabit.”] Grow- 
ing among grass; as, Agaricus grami- 
nicola, etc. 
Gram-f-nl-fo'll-ous. [Gramini- 
fo lisis: from gra'men, “grass,” and/o'- 
lium, a “leaf.”] Having leaves like 
those of grass. 
Gram'i-ni-form. [Graminifor'- 
111 is; from gra'men, “grass.”] Resem- 
bling grass. 
<«rjiin-i-iii v'o-rous. [Graminiv'- 
orus; from gra'men, “grass,” and co'ro, 
to “devour.”] Feeding upon grass. 
Gram-i-nol'o-gy. [Graminolo'- 
tria: from gra'men, “grass,” and \6yos, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on the grasses; 
the science of grasses. 
Gram'ma, aits.* [From ypappa, a 
“letter,” a “note” or “point” in music; 
and, hence, a scruple, the smallest of Ro- 
man weights.] A scruple; the twenty- 
fourth part of an ounce. See Scrupulus. 
Gram'me.* [From ypappii, a “letter,” 
or “ line.”] Another name for the iris, 
because it has the appearance of minuta 
lines drawn upon it. See Iris. 
Gramme, gram. A French weight, 
equal to 15.434 grains troy. 
Gra'na, the plural of Granum, which 
see. 
Grana Parailisi. See Amomum 
Ghana Paradisi. 
Gra'na Se-ea'lis Ile-gcn-or-a ti.1 
(“ Seeds of Degenerate [or Diseased] 
Rye.”) See Ergot. 
Gra'na The seeds of the 
Croton tiglinm. 
Granadia. Sec next article. 
228 GRA 
Gran'a-din, or Gran'a-dine. 
[Grana'riia.] A white, crystalline, vola- 
tile, and exceedingly sweet substance, 
neither alkaline nor acid, obtained from 
the root of the pomegranate, Pn'nica 
grana'turn; and now decided to be man- 
nite. 
Gra-na'ti Fruc'tus Cor'tex.* 
(“Rind of the Pomegranate Fruit.”) 
The Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the rind of the fruit of the Pu'nica gra- 
na'turn. 
Grana'ti Ra-d i eis Cor'tex.® 
(“ Bark of Pomegranate Root.”) The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
bark of the root of the Pu'nica grana'turn. 
Graii-di-dun-ta'tiis.® [From gran' - 
dis, “ large,” and dens, a “ tooth.”] 
Having large teeth, or indentations: 
grandiden'tate. 
Gran-dl-flo'rus.® [From gran'dis, 
“large,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
large flowers: grandiflo'rate. 
Gran-di-fo'Ii-us.- [From gran'dis, 
“large,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
large leaves: grandifo'liate. 
Gran'dl-neS,* the plural of gran’do, 
a “ hailstone.” A term applied by Wcsser 
to tubercles as they become enlarged. 
Gran-dl-iio'sus.® [From gran'do, 
gran'dinus, “hail.”] Literally, “full of 
hail;” also, “resembling a hailstone.” 
Applied to the Os cuboides, from its 
irregular form. 
Gran'do,® gen. Gran'dl-nls. (“Hail, 
or Hailstone.”) A small, hard tumor on 
the eyelid, supposed to resemble a hail- 
stone. See Chalaza. 
Gra-nif'or-ons. [Gran'lfcr; from 
gra'num, a “grain,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or producing grain. 
Granite. [Grani'tes; from gra'- 
num, a “grain.”] A kind of primitive 
rock, consisting essentially of quartz, 
felspar, and mica. 
Gran-it'ic. [Granit'icus.] Be- 
longing to granite. 
Gra-niv'o-rous. [Graniv'orus; 
from gra'num, a “grain,” and vo'ro, to 
“devour.”] Eating grain. 
Gran'u-lar. [Granula'ris; from 
gran'ulum, a “little grain.”] (Fr. Granu- 
leux, gii5,'nuTuh'.) In the form of grains; 
of the nature or appearance of granu- 
lations. 
Gran'u-lat-ed. [Granula'tus; from 
the same.] Having grains, or granular. 
Gran-u-la'tion. [Granula'tio, 
o'nis ; from the same.] The division of 
metallic substances into small particles, 
or grains, to facilitate their combination 
with other substances. Also, the process 
by which little grain-like, fleshy bodies 
form on ulcers and suppurating wounds, 
filling up the cavities, and bringing nearer 
together and uniting their sides. 
Gran ule. [Gran'uluni; the dimi- 
nutive of yra'num, a “ grain.”] A littlo 
grain. 
Grannlenx. See Granulab. 
Granu-ll-eau'lis.® [From gran'u 
him, a “little grain,” and cau’lis, a 
“stem.”] Having stem and branches 
covered with little tubercles. 
Gran-a-lif'er-ous. [Granu'lifer; 
from gran'ulum, a “little grain,” and 
fe'ro. to “bear.”] Bearing granules; as 
the shell of the Jlitra granulifera. 
Granu-li-loi-m. [Gi-aiiulifor- 
mis; from gran’ulum, a “little grain.”] 
Resembling little grains. 
Gran-u-los'I-ty. [Granules'Has, 
a 't/s/ from the same.] A mass of small 
tubercles, like granules. 
Gran'u-lous. [Granulo sus; from 
the same.] Having granules; full of 
granules. 
Gra'iiuin,® plural Gra'na. A grain ; 
a small seed of any kind. The sixtieth 
part of a drachm, or twentieth of a 
scruple. 
Grape-Sugar. See Glucose. 
Graph-i-o-i'des.* [From ypaipd, a 
“style,” or “writing-instrument,” and 
eiSos, a “ form.”] Resembling a style; 
styloid. Applied to the styloid process 
of the temporal bone. 
Graph'ite. [From yp'foi, to “write,” 
and Xt'Oos, a “stone;” from its use in mak- 
ing pencils.] Plumbago, or black lead. 
Grass Oil of BTa inur. A volatile 
oil, procured, according to Boyle, from 
the Andropogon Calamus aromaticus. It 
is sometimes incorrectly called oil of 
spikenard. 
Gratiola (grash'e-o-la) 
na'lis.* The systematic name of the 
hedge-hyssop. 
Gra-ve'do, dim's* [From gra'vis, 
“heavy.”] Literally, “heaviness.” A 
term for coryza; so called, probably, 
from the sense of weight or oppression 
experienced in a severe catarrh. 
Grav'ol. [Lat. Uthi'asis; Fr. 
Gravelle, gr&'vell'; from the French gra- 
vier, grS,'ve'A',“ gravel” or “ coarse sand.”] 
A popular term applied either to calcu- 
lous matter formed in the kidneys, pass- 
ing off in the urine, or to small distinct 
calculi or concretions. It is distinguished 
from stone in the bladder by being of 
smaller size. See Calculus. 
GRA 
229 GRA 
GUA 
Gravelle. See Gravel. 
Grave -Wax. Adipocere. 
Grav'irt U'ter-us. [ll'terns Grav'- 
idus.] T he womb in the impregnated 
state, or during gestation. 
Gra-vid'I-ty. [Gravid'itas, a'tis; 
from grav'idus, “pregnant.”] The con- 
dition of a woman who is pregnant; ges- 
tation ; pregnancy. 
Grav-i-gra'dl-us.* [From gra'vis, 
“heavy,” and gra'dior, to “march.”] 
Walking with a heavy tread. Applied 
in the plural neuter (Gravigra'dia) to 
an order of Mammals, as the elephant, 
etc. 
Grav-im'e-ter. [Gravim'etrum; 
from gra'vis, “ heavy,” and \izrpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the specific gravity of bodies. 
Grav-I-ta'tion. [Gravlta'tio, obits/ 
from gniv'itns, “ weight.”] That power 
or tendency by which all material bodies 
are drawn towards each other, or by 
which a stone or other body on the sur- 
face of the earth is drawn towards the 
centre. 
Grav'I-ty. [Grav'itas, a'tis ; from 
gra'vis, “heavy.”] The cause or power 
by which bodies naturally tend towards 
the centre of the earth ; weight. 
Gravity, Centre of. See Centre 
op Gravity. 
Grav'ity, Spe-cif'ie. The compara- 
tive density (or gravity) of one body 
considered in relation to another as- 
sumed as the standard. In measuring 
the specific gravity of liquids or solids, 
water is usually taken a3 the standard 
of comparison, being reckoned as a 
unit; in measuring gases, common air 
or hydrogen is assumed as the standard. 
Great Sympathetic Nerve. See 
Trisplanchnic Nerve. 
Gre'ct-an Wa'ter. A solution of 
nitrate of silver disguised, for dyeing 
the hair black; the hair thus dyed soon 
becomes purple on exposure to the light. 
Green Milk. See Colostrum. 
Green Sickness. See Chlorosis. 
Green Vit'rl-ol. The sulphate of 
iron. 
Green Wa'ters. Popularly, the 
Lochia, when of a dark, dirty, greenish 
aspect. 
Grenadia. See Granadtn. 
Grey liO'tion. The Lotio nigra. 
Grif'tltb’s Mix'ture, otherwise 
called Mis-tw'ra Fer'ri Com-pos'i- 
ta* (“ Compound Mixture of Iron”). 
It is composed chiefly of myrrh, carbon- 
ate of potash, sulphate of iron, and spirit 
of lavender. It is used as a tonic in dys- 
pepsia, chlorosis, and similar affections. 
Grippe, gRip or gn£p. The French 
name for Influenza, which see. 
Groats, grawts. The decorticated 
grains of the common oat. 
Gro'cer's Itch. The ecze'mn impe- 
tigino'des of some writers. See Acarus 
Sacchari. 
Groin. See Inguen. 
Grooved. See Sulcated. 
Grossesse, gRo’sess'. The French 
term for Pregnancy, which see. 
Grossnlacesegros-u-la'she-e, or 
Gros-su-Iii-rl-a'cc-a*.* [From gros'- 
sula, a “gooseberry,” groesula'ria, a 
“ gooseberry-bush.”] A natural order 
of exogenous shrubs, found in the tem- 
perate parts of Europe, Asia, and 
America. It includes the currant and 
gooseberry. 
Gros'su-llne. [From gros'sula, a 
“gooseberry.”] The name given by 
Guibourt to a peculiar principle procured 
from gooseberries and other acid fruits, 
forming the basis of jelly. 
Grot'to del Ca'ne (kit'n&). (“Dog’s 
Grotto.”) A grotto near Naples, in 
which carbonic acid gas rises about 
eighteen inches above the surface of the 
ground, so that it affects dogs and other 
small animals. 
Growth. [Lat. Incremen'tuin; Fr. 
Croi8sance, kRW&'so.Nss'.] Increase or 
augmentation of the body in all its parts, 
without reference to the peculiar struc- 
ture, or function, and, so, distinct from, 
though nearly connected with, Develop- 
ment. 
Grub. The larva of insects ; also, a 
sort of maggot, hatched from the egg of 
the beetle (Scarabse'ux). 
Gru'moiis. [Grumo'sus; from 
gru'mus, a “clot.”] Thickened; clotted; 
curdled. 
Gru'mus.* A clot of milk, or of 
blood; a curd. 
Grii'tnin,* or Gru'tum Jlil'I-um.* 
A small white tubercle of the skin, re- 
sembling a millet-seed. 
Gryl'lus Ver-ru-clv'o-rus.* [From 
verru'ea, a “ wart,” and vo'ro, to “ eat.”] 
The wart-eating grasshopper of Sweden, 
which is caught for the purpose, as it is 
said, of biting off the excrescence, when 
it also discharges a corrosive liquor on 
the wound. 
Gtt. = Gut'tap a ''drop,” or Gut'tee,* 
“drops.” 
Guaiac, gwi'ak or gwfi'ak. The 
same as Guaiaci Resina, which see. 
230 GUA 
GUM 
Guaiacana?,* gwi-a-ka'ne. The 
Jussieuan name of a natural order of 
plants. See Ebenacea:. 
Guai'aci (gwi'a-si) Lig'nnm.*' 
(“ Wood of Guaiacum.”) The Pharma- 
copoeial name || for the wood of the 
Guai'acum officina'le, popularly called 
Lig'num Vi'tse (“Wood of Life”), in allu- 
sion to its great medicinal virtues. It 
is a stimulant diaphoretic, and is princi- 
pally used in cases of secondary syphilis 
and other diseases dependent on a viti- 
ated condition of the system. 
Guai'aci Be-si'na.* (“Resin of 
Guaiacum.”) Guaiac. The Pharma- 
copoeial name || for the concrete juice of 
the Guai'acum officina'le. It is alterative 
and stimulant, and is much used as a 
remedy in rheumatism. 
Guaiacin, or Guaiaeine, gwl'a-sin. 
A resinoid principle found in guaiac. 
It differs from most other resins, by 
being converted by nitric acid into ox- 
alic acid, instead of artificial tannin. 
Guaiacum,* gwl'a-kum or gwa'a- 
kum. (Sp. Guaiaco, gw&-yS/ko.) The 
guaiac-tree; a Linnaean genus of the 
class Dccandria, natural order Rvtacese. 
Also, the Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
and Ed. Ph.) for the resin obtained from 
the Guai'acum officina'le. 
Guai'acum Lig'nnm.® The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
for the wood of Guaiacum officinale. 
Guai'acum The 
tree which yields Guaiacum. 
Guano, gw&'no. (Said to be de- 
rived from the Peruvian JHuanu, hwil'- 
noo, “ dung.”) A species of manure re- 
cently discovered and much employed, 
on account of its great strength as a 
fertilizer. It is the excrement of sea- 
fowl, usually deposited on small islands 
and cliffs near the coast. In some places 
it is found in such enormous beds as could 
only be produced by the accumulation 
of thousands of years. 
Gu-ber-nac'u-lum.* [From guber'- 
no,guberna'turn, to “guide,” to “govern.”] 
Something which guides or directs. See 
next article. 
Gubernac'uIumTes'tis.* A fibro- 
vascular cord between the testicle and 
scrotum in the foetus. So named because 
it is supposed to guide the testicle in its 
descent from the abdomen. 
Guin'ea (gin'e) Grains. Another 
name for Malaguetta pepper. See Amo- 
mum Grana Paradisi. 
Guinea Pepper. See Capsicum 
Annuum. 
Guin'ea Worm, otherwise called 
Mn'Iis Fi-la'ri-se* (which is equivalent 
to “ skein worm,” so called because it is 
wound off like a skein of thread!. A 
worm found chiefly in the East and West 
Indies. It is said to be frequently twelve 
feet long, and about the thickness of a 
horse-hair; it burrows under the cuticle, 
and “ may be felt under the skin, and 
traced by the fingers like the string of a 
violin. ... It should be drawn out with 
great caution, by means of a piece of silk 
tied round its head; for if, by being too 
much strained, the animal break, the 
part remaining under the skin will grow 
with double vigor, and often occasion a 
fatal inflammation.”—(Goon.) 
Guinea-lien Weed. The vulgar 
name of the Pet eve'i ia Allia'cea, an ex- 
tremely acrid plant, used in Jamaica as 
a sialagogue. 
Gul, gddl. A Persian word signify- 
ing a “ rose.” 
Gul Attar. See Attar op Roses. 
Gu'la.* The oesophagus, or gullet; 
popularly, the throat. 
Glim. = Gum'mi.* “ Gum.” 
Gum. [Lat. Gum'mi; Er. Gomme, 
gomm.] The mucilage of vegetables. 
Gum Arabic. See Gummi Acacia:. 
Gum Boil. [Paru'lis.] Inflam- 
mation, abscess, or boil of the gums. 
Gum E-las'tic. A term for Caout- 
chouc. 
Gum Ju'nI-per. A concrete resin 
which exudes in white tears from the 
Junip’erus commu’nis. It has been called 
sandarach, and, hence, confounded with 
the oavdapaxr) of Aristotle, which was a 
sulphuret of arsenic. Reduced to pow- 
der it is called pounce, which prevents 
ink from sinking into paper from which 
the exterior coating of size has been 
scraped away. 
Gum of the Teeth. See Gin- 
giva. 
Gum, Rank Beil. The common 
name for the Stroph’tdus confer'tus. 
Gum Rash. Red gum. A genus of 
cutaneous diseases. See Strophulus. 
Gum, Bed. The common name for 
Stroph'ulus inter tine' tus. 
Gum Bes'in. [Gum'mi-Besi'na.] 
The concrete juice of certain plants, con- 
sisting of resin, essential oil, gum, and 
extractive vegetable matter; as aloes, am- 
moniac, assafoetida, euphorbium, scam- 
mony, Ac. 
Gum, White. The common name for 
Stroph'ulus al'hidus. See Strophulus. 
A soft tumor, so named 
231 GUM 
GYM 
from the resemblance of its contents to 
gum. 
Guin'mi Aca'cia;*(a-ka'she-e). The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) of gum 
Arabic, obtained from the Acacia vera, 
and other species of Acacia. 
Gtuniiii Uabruui Gambiense. 
See Kino. 
Guin'mi Scor-pi-o nis,5 Gum'mi 
Sen'c-jga,* Gum'mi Sen-e-gal-en'- 
se,* Gum'mi Tlie-ba'I-cum.* Names 
for gum Arabic. 
Gnn-Cot'ton. An explosive sub- 
stance, prepared by steeping cotton freed 
from all impurities in a mixture of sul- 
phuric and nitric acids, and then washing 
itjcarefully and drying it. It is princi- 
pally used for the manufacture of Col- 
lodion, which see. 
Gun'Jali. The dried plant Cannabis 
India. 
Gun'pow-der. A mixture of five 
parts of nitre, one of sulphur, and one 
of charcoal, finely powdered and very 
accurately blended. The grains are 
smoothed by friction, and are then said 
to be glazed. 
Gus'ta-to-rJ, Gus'ta-tlve. [Gus- 
tato'rius, Gustati'vus; from gus'to, 
gusta'tum, to “ taste.”] Belonging to 
the sense of taste. 
Gus'tatory Sferve. The lingual 
branch of the deep portion of the inferior 
maxillary, or third branch of the fifth 
pair of nerves. 
Gus'tus.* [From yevogat, to “ taste.”] 
The sense of taste. 
Gutt. = Gut'tee.* “ Drops.” 
Gutt. qnibusd. = Gut'tis quibus'- 
dam.% “With a few drops.” 
Gut'ta.® [Fr. Gontte, goot, a “drop.”] 
A minim, or the sixtieth part of a flui- 
draehin. 
Gut'ta A-nod'y-na.* (“Anodyne 
Drop.”) A solution of acetate of mor- 
phia. 
Gutta Xigra. See Black Drop. 
Gut'ta O-pa'ca.® (“ Opake Drop.”) 
The disease called cataract, as distin- 
guished from Gutta Serena, which see. 
Gut'ta S»er'c3ia.® A name applied 
to the concrete juice of the Isonandra 
gutta. This substance has been placed 
on the primary list of the Materia 
Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
1860. 
Gutta Rosacea, or Gutta Rosea. 
See Acne Rosacea. 
Gut'ta Se-re'na.® (“Drop Serene.”) 
A name for amaurosis, in which the dis- 
ease being in the retina, and not iu the 
lens or humors of the ejre, this organ ap- 
pears clear and natural. 
Guttat. = Gutta'tim.* “By drops.” 
Gut-ta'tim.::' a “drop.”] 
In prescriptions, “ drop by drop.” 
Gut'tl-fei*.* Resin-producing. See 
Guttiferous. 
Gut-tif 'er-av* [See Guttiferous.] 
The Jussieuan name of a natural order 
of plants. See Clusiacea:. 
Guttlferal. See next article. 
Gut'tl-fer-a'leS,* or Gut-tif er-als. 
Applied bj' Lindley to an alliance or 
division of plants (or trees) comprising 
those which produce resin. (See Gutti- 
ferous.) The Guttiferal alliance com- 
prises, among others, the important natu- 
ral orders Clusiaceee and Dipteracex. 
Gut-tif'€r-ous. [Gut'tifer, or 
Guttif’erus; from gat'ta, a “ drop,” 
and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Literally “ drop- 
bearing,” that is, “ resin-producing.” 
Applied to a natural division of plants. 
Gut'tur, uris.* The throat; also, 
the larynx or trachea. See Gula. 
<yym-iian'tlms.* [From yu/irof, 
“naked,” and at>60$, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing naked flowers: gymnan'thous. 
Gymnasium,® jim-na'zhe-uin. [Gr. 
yvfivaaiov- from yvgvAj, “naked.”] The 
place where the ancient Athletes and 
others exercised themselves; so named 
because, previously to the exercises, they 
stripped themselves naked. 
[Lat.Gymnas'ticus; 
Gr. yvpvaaTiKos; see preceding article.] 
Belonging to gymnastics. Sec next 
article. 
Gy sn-nas't ics. [Gymnast ica, or 
Gymnas'ticc.] The science or system 
by which the health is promoted and 
the strength of the body developed by the 
regular practice of active exercises. 
[From yvgvos, 
“naked,” and/JAao-nSj, a “germ.”] Hav- 
ing a naked germ. Applied to flowers. 
Gy 111-110-car'pons. [Gy innocar- 
I»us; from yvgvcs;, “ naked,” and sa/mo;, 
“fruit,” or “seed.”] Having naked 
seed. 
[Gymnogr'enap; 
from yv/iu6s, “ naked,” and yhoi, to “ be 
born,” to “grow.”] A division or class 
of exogenous plants, which have no 
ovary, style, or stigma, but are so con- 
structed that the pollen falls immedi- 
ately upon the naked ovules, without the 
introduction of any intermediate appa- 
ratus. The Coniferse may be cited as an 
example of this class of plants. 
Gymnospermes, jim'no-sperms. 
232 GYM 
HAE 
[See Gymnospermius.] Applied in the 
same manner as Gymnogens, which see. 
(•Im-no-spcr nii-a.5 The name of 
a Linnaean order. See Gymnospermius. 
[From yvg- 
vos, “ naked,” and ancpga, a “ seed.”] 
Gymnosper'mious, or gymnosper'mous. 
Having naked seeds. Applied to a Lin- 
mean order of the class Didynamia. 
[From yvgvds, 
“naked,” and aroga, a “mouth.”] Gym- 
nos'tomous. Applied in the plural mas- 
culine (Gymnos'tomi) to a division of 
Mosses, in which the orifice of the urn is 
naked. 
The name of a Lin- 
naean class. See Gynanbrious. 
<»y n-an 'dri-ous, tiro us. 
[Gyman'drills; from yvvn, a “woman,” 
or “female,” and dvfip, drSpdf, a “man,” 
or “male.”] Having the male and fe- 
male portions of the flower united. Ap- 
plied to a Linnaean class, the stamens of 
which grow upon the pistil. 
Gjn a-pliorc. [Gynaph'ora; from 
yvvi7, a “woman,” or “female,” and 
ipoplcj, to “bear.”] Literally, “that 
which bears the female” portion of the 
plant; a prolongation of the receptacle, 
to which the pistil is often attached; a 
thecaphore. 
(^ya-a-1 re 'si-a.[From yw<j, a “ wo- 
man,” or “female,” a, negative, and 
rlrpnpi, to “perforate.”] A term for the 
obliteration or imperforation of the va- 
gina, 
[Gyna-eo- 
log'icus.] Belonging to gynecology. 
[Ccynteeolo'gia; 
from yvi/rj, yvvaucds, a “woman,” and Xoyoj, 
a “discourse.”] A treatise on woman, 
and the peculiarities of her constitution 
as compared with man; the science 
which treats of the female constitution. 
[From ynvrj, a“woman.”] 
Pertaining to women. Applied in the 
plural (Gyni'aci) to an order of diseases. 
[From yiwrt, a “wo- 
man,” or “female,” and ffiiais, a “base.”] 
The base of a style or pistil. 
Gynophoruin. See Gynaphore. 
gyp sum.* [Gr. yttyoj.] The sul- 
phate of lime, or planter of Paris. 
[From gy'ro, gyra' turn, to 
“turn about.”] Turning about; rotat- 
ing itself: gy'rant. Applied to certain 
plants. 
'rate. [Gyra'tus; from gy'ro, to 
“turn about.”] Literally, “turned 
about.” The same as Circinate. 
[Gyra'tio, o’nis; from 
gy'ro, gyra'turn, to “turnabout.”] The 
sensation of dizziness. 
a-1 ns. [From yvprfw, 
to “wind,” and iyKtyaXov, the “brain.”] 
Applied by Owen to a sub-class of Mam- 
mals, having the brain convoluted, but 
in less degree than in man: gyrenceph'- 
alous. 
[The plural of gy'rus, a “ cir- 
cuit.”] The spiral cavities of the inter- 
nal ear. Also, the convolutions of the 
brain. 
or <>y'rouN. [Gyro'sus; 
from yrpdj, a “ circle.”] Having circles, 
or full of circles. 
H. 
Jl. — Ho'ra.* “Hour.” Hence SI. 
S. = Ho'ra som'ni,* “ at the hour of 
sleep,” in other words, “ at bedtime.” 
Ilab'it. [Ilab'itus; from ha'beo, 
hab'itum, to “have,” to “have oneself,” 
or to “be.”] Temperament, or diath- 
esis. Also, a power of doing any thing 
acquired by frequent repetition of the 
same action. See Diathesis, and 
Hexis. 
Ilab'I-tat.* [From hab'ito, to “in- 
habit,” or “dwell.”] Literally, “it 
dwells.” Applied to a place where a 
plant best grows, or an animal is gene- 
rally found. 
llab-ro-ma'nl-a.* [From 
“light,' or “gay,” and pavla, “mad- 
ness.”] Insanity or delirium in which 
the patient is cheerful or merry. Com- 
pare Amenomania. 
Hse'ma,* gen. Haem'a-tos. [Gr. 
alfia.] Another term for “ blood.” 
[From alga, 
“ blood,” KriXig, a “ spot,” and roaoj, a 
“ disease.”] Blood-spot disease, the 
name given by Boyer to purpura. 
llsemaeyanina. See ILematocya- 
nina. 
Msem-a-dyn-a-mom'e-ter. [Hae- 
niadynaniom'etrum; from alfia, 
“blood,” ivvafiis, “power,” and perpnv, a 
“ measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the force of the circulation of the 
blood. 
Hieni'a-gogne. [Hiemago'gus; 
from alfia, “ blood,” and dyo>, to “ carry 
233 HAE 
HAE 
away,” to “expel.”] Applied to medi- 
cines favoring the access of the cata- 
menia, or the hemorrhoidal discharge. 
llrc'mal, or lle'mal. [llaana'lis; 
from alpa, “ blood.”] Relating to blood, 
or the blood-vessels. 
llae'mal Arch. A name applied to 
the arch formed by the sternum and ribs 
with the vertebras, because it protects or 
encloses the most important portion of 
the vascular system. 
Hse'mal Ax'is. A name applied by 
Owen to the central organ and large 
trunks of the vascular system. 
Xlic'mal Spine. Another name for 
the sternum. Used by Owen for the 
homologue of the sternum and ensiform 
cartilage, or (in the abdomen) for the 
linea, alba. 
H;em-sj.-leu-£i'na.'*' [From alpa, 
“ blood,” and As >*«,-, “ white.”] The 
huffy coat, or fibrin, of the blood : haem- 
aleu'cin. 
11 ;c m-a-1 o' p a-a. * [From alpa, 
“blood,” and m1/, the “eye.”] A 
disease of the eye, in which every object 
appears of a blood color: haem'alopy. 
Hsc-man'thns.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and ardo;, a “flower.”] The 
Blood Flower, a plant of the natural 
order Amnn/llidacese. The Hottentots 
are said to dip their arrow-heads in tho 
juice of its bulbs, on account of its poi- 
sonous properties. 
Hae-maph’e-in, or hem-a-fe'in. 
[Hsemapluei'na; from alpa, “ blood,” 
and (/laid;, “of a fawn color.”] The sub- 
stance which gives the pale amber color 
to urine. 
Ilscjn-a-popli'jr-sls.® [From alpa, 
“blood,” and apoph'i/sis.\ Applied by 
Owen, in Comparative Anatomy, to the 
laminae of a vertebra, which form an ir- 
regular canal, lodging the hsemal axis; 
also, the homologue of the cartilage of a 
rib, or its sternal portion, named in ref- 
erence to the haemal arch. 
Hse-mas-the-no'sis.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and daOireia, “debility.”] Po- 
verty, or deterioration, of the blood. 
IIicm-a-taii-R-g-o'ge.® [From alpa, 
“blood,” and araymyf), a “raising” or 
“bringing up.”] A raising, or vomiting, 
of blood. See Hasmatemesis. 
99 a1 m-n-Inni-o n 'o-sos,® or Ilsem- 
a-tan-gl-on'o-sus.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” ayyeiov, a “vessel,” and v6ao;, a 
“disease.”] Disease of the blood-vessels. 
Haem-a-tan-j&flf-o'sis.® The same 
as H.ematangionosos. 
llscinaj-ta-porl-a. * [From alpa, 
“blood,” and dmopla, “defect.”] The same 
as Anemia. 
Ilaun-a-tn-por'I-ciis.® Belonging 
to hsemataporia: haematapor'ic. 
19 a-cu-a-1 ap-or-r lio 'sis.5 [From 
alpa, “blood,” aird, “from,” and ofp'k, 
“ serum.”] The separation of serum 
from the blood, as in the profuse dis- 
charges of Cholera. 
llicma-ta-pos'tn-sis.® [From alpa, 
“blood,” and andaraais, a “departure.”] 
Metastasis, or transposition of the blood 
to another part. 
Ilaan'a-ta-pos-tat'I-cus.* Belong- 
ing to hsematapostasis: huematapostat'ic. 
J5a*ma-t«‘-Ia‘'um.® [From alpa, 
“ blood,” and eXaiov, “ oil.”] A concrete 
oil existing in the blood. 
Ilsvm-a-tem'e-sis.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and cpia), to “vomit.”] Vomit- 
ing of blood. See ILematanagoge. 
XIscBii-a-te-inet'I-cus.® Belonging 
to heematemesis: liaematemet'ic. 
Hirin-a-((‘i»-a-go'g('.' [From alpa, 
“blood,” and iirayioyh, an “attack,” or 
“ invasion.”] Congestion of blood in a 
part. 
Ilsem-a-tlier'imis.* [From alpa, 
“blood.” and Oeppn, “heat.”] Having 
warm blood: hasmather'mous. 
EIucm'at-Bti-ilro'sis.* [From alpa, 
“ blood,” and Mpowif, a “ sweating.”] An 
oozing of blood-colored perspiration. 
Hsemathorax. See Hasmatotho- 
RAX. 
Ha-m-a-ti'a-sis.* [From alpa, 
“blood.’-] The same as ILejiatonosus. 
XXa?-mat'i-ea.® [From hsemat'icus, 
“relating to the blood, or system of 
blood-vessels.”] A name applied by Dr. 
Good to a class of his Nosology, com- 
prising diseases of the sanguineous func- 
tion. Hsematica is also used to denote 
medicines which are supposed to modify 
in some way the condition of the blood. 
See II.ematixica. 
Ha'-mat'i-ens.* [From alpa.‘‘ blood."] 
Ilaemat'ic. Relating to the blood. 
Ilscm'a-tin, or llscm'a-tine. 
[Hanaiati'na; from alpa, “blood."] 
The coloring matter of the blood; some- 
times, though improperly, termed globu- 
lin. Also applied to the coloring matter 
of logwood, from its resemblance to 
blood. 
Mscm-a-tin'I-ca.* [The plural neu- 
ter of hsematin' icus, “ belonging to hcem- 
atine.”] A class of the Hsematica which 
augment the amount of hsematin in the 
blood. They consist chiefly, if not ex-- 
clusively, of iron and its compounds. 
234 IIAE 
Iliem-a-tisplu-sis. [From alpa, 
“ blood,” and i<rxa>, another form of lx<n, 
to “ hold,” to “ restrain.”] Stoppage of 
discharges of blood. 
Ifiasn-a-t isthmus.® [From alpa, 
“blood,” and iadpof, the “ fauces.”] Haem- 
orrhage fiom the fauces. 
or Hcma-tite. 
[IlaMiiati'tes; from alpa, “blood.”] 
The blood-stone; a species of iron 
ore. 
ila'in-a-ti'tis, idis.* [From alpa, 
“blood.”] Inflammation of the blood. 
Hsem'a-to-car'pus.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and *apn6s, “fruit.”] Having 
fruit spotted with red: hmmatocar'pous. 
[From alpa, 
“blood,” and a “tumor.”] En- 
largement of the scrotum, from blood 
being within one or other of its tunics. 
Ha-ina-to-<;pj»lin-Iiis. [From 
alpia, “blood,” and Kt<j>a\fi, the “head.”] 
A monster-foetus, in which effusion of 
blood into the cerebral hemispheres has 
produced a marked deformity. 
IIa‘in'a-to-el#e'zI-a.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and *£*&>, to “evacuate the 
bowels.”] A bloody stool. 
IIa‘in'a-t«-^ee'II-a.;: [From alpa, 
“blood,” and KoiXla, the “belly.”] Effu- 
sion or escape of blood into the perito- 
neal cavity. 
IIa‘in'a-to-ooI’i»us.“ [From alpa, 
“blood,” and koX-jto;, a “sinus,” some- 
times the “vagina.”] Effusion of blood 
into the vagina. Also, a collection of 
blood, or of menstrual secretion, there. 
H»m'a-to>€rys'taldlne. [From 
alpa, “blood,” and KpvordWov, “crystal.”] 
A crystalline body found in the remains 
of extravasations of blood. In man the 
crystals are very small and rectangular. 
They are remarkable from their becoming 
larger and smaller under the influence of 
external agencies, without change of 
form. They become bright red under 
the influence of oxygen, dark red under 
that of carbonic acid. 
[From 
alpa, “blood,” and rvavog, “blue.”] The 
blue coloring matter of the blood: 
lucmatocy'anin. 
11 a> m a-1 s' t i s. :S [From alpa, 
“blood,” and tcvarig, a “bladder.”] A 
cyst containing blood. Also, effusion 
of blood into the urinary bladder. Also, 
encysted hsematoma: a hsem'atoeyst. 
Ilasm-a-to'des.® [From alpa, “blood.”] 
Full of blood: haem'atose. 
llsematmlynamometer. See Haai- 
adynamometer. 
IIiiMii-a-to-gIob-u-li'u;».s The 
same as Globulin. 
Ilam-a-tog ia-|>liy. [lEueinato- 
gra'pliia; from aipa, “blood,” and 
ypaipto, to “write.”] A description of the 
blood, its nature and quality. 
Hsem'a-toUl. [ llaematoi'des: 
from alpa, “blood,” and elSos, a “form.”] 
Resembling blood. 
llaem-a-toi'riin. [IIa-maloidi ua; 
from heemati'na, “haematin.”] A crystal- 
line body produced spontaneously from 
haematin during the drying of blood. 
[ Ilauialolo- 
ffia; from aipa, “blood,” and Aoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The history of the na- 
ture and constitution of the blood; the 
science of the blood. 
[From alpa, 
“blood,” and Afa>. to “dissolve,” to 
“weaken.”] A term applied by some 
writers to a class of remedies which im- 
poverish the blood. See and 
SpANjEMICA. 
Hsem-a-to'ma, atis.* [From alpardw, 
to “turn into blood.”] A bloody tumor: 
a haem'atome. 
IIa‘ni-a-t«-iiiii-<o'siis.* Having 
larmntoma : haem atom'atous. 
Ha'ina-to-met-neliy-sis.* [From 
alpa, “blood,” p£rd, “beyond,” and troiq 
an “effusion.”] Transfusion of blood. 
Ilapin-a-toin'e-tor. [Ilaiiiatoiii'e- 
trnm; from alpa, “blood,” and phfov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the force of blood. 
lla'in'n-to-nic'tra.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and pfjrpa, the “womb.”] A 
filling of the womb with blood. 
BIa-ma-to-met[From alpa, 
“blood,” and pcrpia), to “measure.”] The 
measuring of the force of the blood in 
its course: haematom'etry. 
IlH“in-a-toni'i»Iia-lo-<;eIe.* [From 
alpa, “blood,” upfa\o<;, the “navel,” and 
Kr]\r), a “tumor.”] Tumor at the navel, 
turgid with blood. 
[la'in-a-tom'j-teli, e'tis.* [From 
alpa, “blood,” and pixris, a “fungus.”] 
Fungus hiematodes, or bloody fungus. 
See Fungus Haaiatodes. 
11uem-a-ton 'o-sos,® or Ha'in-a- 
ton'o-sns.® [From alpa, “blood,” and 
uoco;, “disease.”] Disease of the blood. 
Usem'a-to-pigr'I-car'cli-um.* [From 
alpa, “blood,” and pericar'dium.~\ Effu- 
sion of blood into the pericardium. 
Hsem'a-to-phyl'lus.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and a “leaf.”] Having 
leaves tinged with a blood color: haema- 
tophyl'lous. 
IIAE 
235 II:rm a-to-plasina. a tie/* [From 
alpa, “blood,” and n\aapa, a “forma- 
tion.”] The plastic principle of the 
blood. 
Hsem'a-to-poi-e'sis.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and itolr\ai$, a “making.”] 
Assimilation of the chyle to blood. The 
same as Heimatosis. 
Hsemgi-to-poi-et'I-eus.* Belong- 
ing to hxmatopoiesis: tiEematopoiet'ic. 
II nem-a-top-ty'sl-u,* Ha-in-a- 
top'ty-sis.* The same as Haemoptysis. 
II;i-111 -;i-tor'rlia-ch is.:! [From alpa, 
“blood,” and pa\iff, the “spine.”] Effu- 
sion of blood into the spine, or into the 
thee 1 of the spinal marrow. 
Ilaenia-tor-rhoe'a.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and pica, to “flow.”] A passive 
flowing of blood; hajmorrhage. 
Ilipmato.sine. See II.ematin. 
Hsem-a-ta'sis.® [From alparuia, to 
“make bloody.”] A flow, or flux, of 
blood; a haemorrhage. 
Hsem a-to-spil'I-a.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and utiXo;, a “spot.”] A name 
for Purpura hsemorrhagica. 
Iljem'a-to-spon-s'o'sis.* The for- 
mation or growth of hsemntospongus. 
Hsejn'a-to-spon'g;us.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and airiyyo;, a “sponge.”] Fun- 
gus hxmatodes, or bloody fungus. Sec 
Fungus ILem atodes. 
II;i- or 
Hiem'a-tii-syn'a-go'ge.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and aup'Popnais, or awayioyfi, an 
“assembling together,” a “collection.”] 
Congestion of blood. See ILematepa- 
goge. 
Hu-iiiatotliorax. See I Lem0tho- 
rax. 
MiBin-a-to-tox'ic, Ila'm-a-tox'ic. 
[Ilsriiiatotnx'lvus, Bla-inatox ieus; 
from alpa, “blood,” and to(ik6(, “poison.”] 
Belonging to a vitiated state of the 
blood. 
Hsem-a-tox-i'na,* or Haum-a-tox- 
y-Ii'na.* The coloring matter of log- 
wood. 
IIicm-a-tox'y-lon.:if [From alpa, 
“blood,” and JoXov, “wood.”] Logwood. 
A Linnaean genus of the class Decandria, 
natural order Leguminosx. Also,the Phar- 
macopoeial name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) of 
the wood of Hxmatoxylon Campechianum, 
otherwise called the Heematoxyli lignum 
(“Wood of Haematoxylon”). See H.em- 
ATOXYLUM. 
Hsewiatox'ylon Cam-pe-chi-a'- 
num.® The logwood-tree. 
Ilscin-a-tox'j -Iiiiii.S The Pharma- 
copoeia! name (Bond. Ph.) of logwood. 
IIAE 
[From alpa, 
“blood,” and \Cmv, an “animal.”] An 
animalcule discovered in the blood. 
Hiein-a-tu-re'sis,* or IIa-i!i-a-tu - 
ri-a.; [From alpa, “ blood,” and ovpov, 
the “urine.”] A disease in which blood 
is discharged with urine. 
SIa-m-a-1 u rj-<■ na.® Belonging to 
hsematuria: haematu'ric. 
Ila-miili-osis. See HaEMATHIdrosis. 
ISa- iniii. ur lla- iiiine. [Ha-miiia; 
from alpa, “blood.”] A crystalline sub- 
stance obtained from dried blood by the 
action of dry salt and glacial acetic acid 
at a boiling temperature. It occurs in flat 
rhombic plates, which are remarkable for 
their insensibility to reagents, not being 
affected by strong mineral acids. 
Hsemo<loraeese,*hcm-o-do-ra'she-e. 
[From Hsemodo' rum, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of endogenous herba- 
ceous plants, found in New Holland, and 
some other parts of the world. 
Iliviiioincter. See ILematometer. 
Ha-mopat Eiia. See ILematonosus. 
II sem-opti-thal'miES.* [From alpa, 
“blood,” and dp0a\p6the “eye.”] Effu- 
sion of blood into the chambers of the 
eye. 
Htein-o-proc'tos,* or Ila-m-o- 
proc'tus.* [From alpa, “blood,” and 
TrptuKTdf, the “anus.”] Discharge of blood 
from the bowels. 
Hnein-op'tl-cus.* Belonging to 
hsemoptoe or hermoptysis : haemop'tic. 
Ila-iiioploiciis. ‘See Habmopticus. 
Ila'-niopty-sis,- or Hae-niop'- 
to-e.* [From alpa, “blood,” and -7-vu>, to 
“spit.”] (Fr. Hemoptysie, Amop'ti'zA.) 
A spitting of blood; haemorrhage from 
the lungs. A genus of the orderHsemor- 
rhagise, class Pyrexite, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy- 
ilirinorrliagc. See ILem-orrhagia. 
Hxem-or-rha ga-a. [From alpa, 
“blood,” and pijyvopi, to “burst.”] (Fr. 
Hemorrhagie, Amo’rAz.hA.) Haem'or- 
rhage, or haem'orrhagy. A bursting 
forth of blood, from whatever cause. In 
the plural, an order of the class Pyrexiss 
of Cullen's Nosology. 
Ila-ni-or-rliaKi-cus.* Belonging 
to hannorrhage: haunorrhag'ic. 
I la-in-or-rli in i-a. [From alpa, 
“blood,” and piv, the “nose.”] The same 
as Epistaxis. 
Bla-m-or-rluie'a.s The same as Hfiii- 
atorrhcea, which see. 
Hsemorrlue'a Pe- te-ehl-a' 11s.* 
(See Petechiae.) A term which has 
been applied to a chronic form of purpura. 
IIAE 
236 HAE 
HAL 
lliem-or-rho'l-ciw.'5 Belonging to 
ksemorrheea: hmmorrho'ic. 
Haem'or-rlioul. [Htemor'rhois, 
ides; from alfia, “blood,” and (ttw, to 
“flow.”] Literally, a “hasmorrhage,” 
and originally used in this sense in 
general, but now restricted to the piles. 
These are termed open, when they dis- 
charge blood; and blind, when there is 
no discharge. A genus of the order 
Hsemorrhayise, class Pyrexiee, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Haiiii-or-rhoi'dal. [ Hsemorrhoi- 
da'lis; from hxmorrhoi'des, “piles.”] 
Belonging to hamiorrhoides, or piles. 
Hsesn-or-rbo-i'de-us.* The same 
as II.emorrhoidal. 
Hsem-o-spa'si-a.* [From alfia, 
“blood,” and mraio, to “draw to.”] The 
forming of a vacuum over a consider- 
able surface of the body, being an ex- 
tension of the principle of dry cup- 
ping. See H.emospastic System. 
Hawn-o-spas'tic. [From the same.] 
Drawing or attracting the blood. 
Ilamiospas'tic Sys tem. A new 
system of medicine, introduced by Dr. 
Junod, of Paris. He employs a pneu- 
matic apparatus of peculiar construction, 
in which the arm or leg is so placed as to 
attract the blood to the extremities, with- 
out diminishing the mass of this liquid. 
Hsem-os-ta'si-a,* BJa‘-moV la-sis.® 
[From alfia, “blood,” andaratus, a “stand- 
ing.”] A stoppage, or stagnation, of the 
blood; also applied to any operation for 
stopping blood. 
II;ein-ON-tat'ic. [ Hsemostat'i- 
cus.] Belonging to heemostasia, or hiem- 
ostasis. Also applied to means employed 
for staunching or arresting haemorrhage; 
styptic. 
Haem-os-tat'I-ca.* [From alfia, 
“blood,” and orarocij, the “science of 
weights.”] The powers or motions of 
the blood, and the laws by which these 
are regulated in the vessels of the body : 
hmmostat'ies. 
Hajm-o-tex'I-a,* Ila-m-o-loxis.® 
[From alfia, “blood,” and Tnfij, a “lique- 
faction.”] Dissolution or liquefaction 
of the blood. 
Ilsem-o-tho'rax, a'eis,* or Hawna- 
to-tho'rax.* [From alfia, “blood,” and 
(Lipaf, the “ chest.”] The escape of blood 
into the thorax, through a wound or 
otherwise. 
Hsemotoxicus. See II.ematotoxi- 
ctjs. 
Hsrm-ot 'ro-pliy. [From alfia, 
“blood,” and rporpv, “nourishment.”] 
An excess of sanguineous nutriment, as 
distinguished from hypertrophy and 
hypertemia. 
Hair. [Lat. C’apil'lns. and Pi'lns; 
Gr. 0p:f; Fr. Foil, pw&I.] A substance 
like horn, growing from the skin of ani- 
mals, in nearly cylindrical filaments. 
Hair-l>yes. [Tinctu'rne C’apil- 
lo'rum.] The basis of most of the 
powders, pastes, and liquids sold under 
this name, is either lead or silver. To 
these are sometimes added litharge, 
slaked lime, and starch. 
Hair, Morbid. See Trichosis. 
Hairy. See Hirsute. 
Hairy Scalp. That part of the 
integument of the head which is covered 
with hairs. 
Halbcr<l-Sliape<l. See Hastate. 
Halcinc. See Halttus. 
See IIalographia. 
Hal'i-hoo'. [A corruption of Holy 
Iiood.] A Scotch term for the caul, which 
was formerly carefully preserved by the 
superstitious, on account of the many 
virtues attributed to it. 
Hal'I-tus.* [From ha'lo, hala'tum, 
to “breathe,” or “breathe out,” to “ex- 
hale.”] (Fr. Haleine, Alen' or &Mdn'.) 
Vapor, or breath. 
Hal'itus of the Blood. The vapor 
which arises from the blood when newly 
drawn from the body. 
Hal-Iu-ci-na'tion. [Halluciiia'- 
tio, ©'ms/ from halin'cinor, hallucina'- 
tu», to “ mistake.”] Mental error, or 
foolish imagination. 
Hal'lus,* Hal lux,* and Iial lex.* 
Names for the great toe. 
Ha'lo, o'nis * [From uXw/, a “cir- 
cle.”] The circle which surrounds the 
sun, moon, or stars, when their rays are 
refracted in their passage through a 
mist. The areola, or brownish circle, 
around the female nipple. Also, the red 
margin, or areola, around pustules. 
lial'o-ften, or Hal'o-&ene. [From 
SXs, “salt,” and yevvao, to “produce.”] 
A term employed by Berzelius to denote 
bodies which form salts with metals, as 
chlorine, bromine, iodine, fluorine, and 
cyanogen. 
Ha-lojf'ra-pliy. [Mnlog-ra'phia: 
from SXf, “salt,” and ypaipai, to “write.”] 
A description of salts. 
Ha'loid. [Haloi'des; from «Xs, 
“salt,” and elioi, a “form.”] Applied to 
salts compounded of the metals with 
chlorine, iodine, bromine, because similar 
in nature or composition to common salt. 
Hn-lol'o-gtf'. [Halolo'gfa; from 
237 HAL 
HAS 
ah, “salt,” and Aoyo;, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on the salts. 
Ha-Iom'e-ter. [Halom'etrum; 
from ah, “ salt,” and fitrpov, a “ mea- 
sure.”] An instrument for measuring 
the form, angles, etc., of salts. 
Ha-Iopli'i-lous. [Haloph'flus; 
from ah, “salt,” and tjiihto, to “love.”] 
Delighting in a soil impregnated with 
salt. Applied to plants. 
Hal'o-phytes. [ Hluloph yla. plural 
of haloph'yton from ah, “ salt,” and tpvrov, 
a “plant.”] A class of plants which 
inhabit salt marshes, and by combustion 
yield barilla, as Salsola, Salicornia, and 
Chenopodium. 
Halophyton, or Halophytum. 
See Halophyte. 
Haloragaceae,* ha-Ior-a-ga'she-e. 
[From Halor'agis, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in damp places, ditches, etc. 
Harter,® gen. Hal-te'ris. [From 
a\rnp, an instrument anciently used in 
gymnastic exercise.] Applied in the 
nominative plural (Halte'res) to two 
small movable bodies which are situated 
or hang above the wings in the Diptera. 
Hal'ur-gy-. [Haltir'gia; from ah, 
‘‘salt,” and cpyov, a “work.”] The pro- 
cess of forming, extracting, or producing 
salts. 
Hamamelldacese,® ham -a-mel-e- 
da'she-e. [From Hamame'lis,one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
tree3 and shrubs, found in Asia, North 
America, and Africa. It includes the 
Witch- Hazel. 
HiYmnte. [ Hama'tiis: from ha’ - 
mas, a “hook.”] A botanical term sig- 
nifying having a hook, or hooked. 
Ilnm'l-form. [Hamifor'inls; 
from ha’mm, a “hook.”] Resembling a 
hook. 
Ha'niose. [Hamo'siis; from ha’- 
mus, a “ hook.”] Having a hooked ap- 
pearance. 
Ilam'strfng, Out'er. The Biceps 
flexor cruris muscle. 
Ilam'u-losc, or liam'u-ioiis. 
[Haniitlo'sus; from ham’ulus, a “lit- 
tle hook.”] Having little hooks. 
I lam'n-1 its.® [Diminutive of ha’~ 
ntus, a “hook.”] A little hook. Applied 
to the hook-like portion of the pterygoid 
process of the sphenoid bone, or any 
similar object. 
Handle, hoxsh. The French term 
for “hip.” See Coxa. 
Hand. [Lat. Haims: Fr. Main, 
man”.] The organ of prehension in 
man, extending from the wrist to tho 
extremities of the fingers. It consists 
of three parts, the Whist (or Carpus), 
the Metacarpus, and the Fingers, 
which will be noticed under their re- 
spective heads. In Ornithology, it 
denotes the third portion of the anterior 
extremity which supports the wing, 
having one finger, and vestiges of two 
others. 
Handful. SeeMANiruLus, Pugillus. 
Hanging'. [Susi»eii'»io, o'n/*.] 
Suspension by the neck, causing As- 
phyxia suffocationis. 
ilap-lo-ear'dl-ae. [From an\oos, 
“without fold,” “simple,” or “single,” 
and Kapdia, a “heart.”] Having a single 
heart. Applied to fishes, etc., as distin- 
guished from Mammals, which have a 
double heart, and arc hence termed diplo- 
cardiae. 
Hap-tot'i-ea.® [From anropai, to 
“touch.”] The doctrine (or science) of 
the phenomena of touch, or sensation. 
Har'der-i (Han'du-la.® (“ Gland 
of Harder.”) A gland in ruminant and 
pachydermatous quadrupeds, and in 
birds, near the inner angle of the eye. 
Hare'-I.ij). [Lat. Li'bium Bcpo- 
ri'niiin : Fr. Bee de Lievre, bek deh 
le-evK'.] A congenital cleft, or division, 
of one or both lip's, most frequently the 
upper. It is sometimes double. 
Hargne, haRn. A French term for 
Hernia, which see. 
Uar nuidane. A beautiful coloring 
substance obtained from the seed of the 
hermal-plant (Peganum Jiarmnla), which 
grows wild in the salt steppes of the 
Crimea. 
Har'ino-ny. [Hamso'nia; from 
apji') '.to, to “adapt.”] A variety of Syn- 
arthrosis, denoting a simple joining to- 
gether, as the nasal and 'other bones of 
the face. 
liar. pH. sum. iij. = Ha'rum pilu- 
la’rum suman’tur tres.* “Let three of 
these pills be taken.” 
Ifarts'lKM'n. The horn of certain 
kinds of the hart, or stag. The sub- 
stance Cornu Cervi. The popular name 
for Liquor Amnion ire, or Ammonix Aqua. 
Har'vest Bug. The Ac'arus Au- 
tumna'lis. A variety of the tick insect 
which infests the skin in the autumn, 
producing intolerable itching, succeeded 
by glossy wheals. It is also called the 
ivheal-worm. 
Hashish, or ISasciusch. ha-sheesh'. 
A preparation of Cannabis Indira, or 
hemp, used as an intoxicating drug by tho 
238 Arabs, and generally throughout Syria. 
It is made by boiling the leaves and 
flowers of the plant with water and fresh 
butter. See Bhang. 
Has tate. [ llastn tus; from has'ta, 
a “ spear.”J Like a spear, or halberd. 
II as-ti-tb'li-ons. [Hast iiolitis; 
from has'ta, a “ spear,” and J'o’Hum, a 
“ leaf.”] Having hastate leaves. 
1B as- ti-for' mis.* [From has'ta, a 
“spear.”] Besembling a spear : hastate. 
Haunch. [Lat.Clu'nis; Fr. Hanche, 
hoNsh.] The region formed by the late- 
ral parts of the pelvis and the hip joint; 
the hip. 
IIaust. = Hans'tus.* “A draught.” 
Haus'tus.* [From hau'rio, haus'- 
tum, to “drink greedily.”] A liquid 
preparation forming one dose, generally 
about two ounces in quantity; a draught. 
Haut Hal, ho m&l. A French term 
for epilepsy in its full development, that 
is, accompanied with convulsions. See 
Epilepsy, 
Ua-ve'ri Gian'du-lae.* (“Glands 
of Haver.”) See next article. 
Haversian (ha-ver'she-an) Glands. 
TJie name of the fatty bodies which are 
found in connection with most of the 
joints, and in general lying behind the 
synovial fringes. Havers supposed them 
to be the agents of the synovial secretion, 
and called them gtandulse mucilaginosx. 
Weitbrecht called them adipo-glandulosse. 
Haver'sian Tubes, or 4'a-iisUs’. A 
term given, from the name of their dis- 
coverer, to a very complicated apparatus 
of minute canals, found in the substance 
of bone, and containing medullary mat- 
ter. The central canal, as well as the 
separate cells, may be regarded as en- 
largemen.s of them. 
Hb* = Her'ha.* “The plant.” 
II. d. or docub. = Ho't o, decu'bitus.* 
“ At going to bed.” 
Head. [Lat. Caput; Gr. 
Fr. TUe, tet or tat.] In higher animals, 
that portion which contains the brain, 
with the chief organs of sense, as sight, 
hearing, etc., as well as the mouth and 
organs of mastication. In lower animals, 
it contains the mouth, or opening to the 
stomach, and the principal organs of 
sense when these exist. The human 
head is distinguished into cranium and 
tace. The term “head” is often applied to 
the upper end of a long bone, the origin 
of a muscle, the beginning of a part, or 
to any round protuberance which can 
be supposed to resemble a head. 
Head aclie. [Cephalalgia.] Pain 
HAS 
in the head, differently denominated 
according to the part affected, or its 
cause. See Bhang 
Heading. A preparation of equal 
parts of alum and green vitriol, used in 
brewing. 
Health. [Nauitas.] The proper 
disposition and condition of the several 
parts of the body for performing their 
functions without impediment or sensa- 
tion of weariness. 
II€al'tli;f Pus. That discharged 
from abscesses, the result of phlegmo- 
nous inflammation; or from wounds and 
ulcers in the healing state ; laudable pus. 
Hcar'iug. [Audl'tus.] That sense 
by which sounds are distinguished, the 
organ of which is the ear. 
Hearing, Morbid. See Paracusis. 
Heart. [Lat. tor, €or'dis; Gr. 
xapSia; Fr. Cain; kuR.] A hollow mus- 
cular viscus situated between the lungs, 
but more under the left one, and en- 
closed in the pericardium; from which 
proceeds the circulation of the blood. In 
man and in other Mammals, it is double, 
that is, it consists of two parts, the right 
ventricle and auricle for the pulmonic 
circulation, and the left ventricle and 
auricle for the general or systemic cir- 
culation. 
Heart'-Iturn. The popular name for 
Cardialgia. 
Heart-Shaped. The same as Cor- 
date. 
Heat. In a general sense, the same 
as Caloric. Heat in a mild form is ne- 
cessary to the life of plants and animals. 
In the latter, the needful temperature is 
in part furnished by the respiratory 
apparatus. Heat is also one of the most 
important agents the chemist or phar- 
macist can command, for effecting both 
chemical union and decomposition, ac- 
cording to the manner in which it is 
applied, or the character of the substance 
submitted to its action. 
Heat, Ab'so-liite. The whole quan- 
tity of caloric existing in a body; abso- 
lute caloric. 
Heat, Animal. See Calor Anima- 
LIS. 
Heat, latent. See Caloric, Latent. 
Heat, PrieK'ly. Common term for 
the Lichen tropicus. 
Heat, Sensible. See Caloric, Free. 
Heat-Spots* See AH states. 
Heavy Spar. See Baryta. 
Hebd. = Hehdom'ada.* “A week.” 
He be.* [Gr.ifin, “down,” or “inci- 
pient beard;” hence, “youth.”] Youth; 
HEB 
239 HEB 
HEL 
or the goddess of Youth, fabled by the 
ancients to have been cup-bearer to 
Jupiter. 
Hc-be-an'thus.* [From “'S'), “youth,” 
“down,” and ardog, a “flower.”] Having 
tomentose corols: hebean'thous. 
Hcb-e-car'pus.* [From n&n, “youth,” 
“down,” and sapndg, “fruit.”] Having 
pubescent fruits: hebecar'pous. 
He-bec'la-dus.* [From !',6n, “youth,” 
“down,” and sXa&og, a “branch.”] Hav- 
ing pubescent branches: hebec'ladous. 
He-beg'y-nus.* [From tiSij, “youth,” 
“down,” and yvvtj, a “woman,” or “fe- 
male.”] Having pubescent ovaries : he- 
beg'ynous. 
II eb-e-pet'9-lns.* [From >]>n, 
“ youth,” “ down,” and ncra\or, a “petal.”] 
Having pubescent petals : hebepet'alous. 
Ile-bet'I-cus.* [From tjfiri, “youth,” 
or “ puberty.”] Belonging to puberty ; 
youthful: hebet'ic. 
Heb'e-tude. [Ilebetu'do, dun*.] 
Dulness, or insensibility. 
Heb-ra-den'dron Cam-bo-£I-o-i'- 
deS.* A guttiferous plant, which yields 
a kind of gamboge not distinguishable 
from that of Siam. See Gamboge. 
11 cc-ii- to- phy 1T u s.'! [From hrardv, 
a “hundred,” and <pvWoi>, a “leaf.”] 
Having leaves composed of a hundred 
(or a great number of) folioles: heca- 
tophyl'lous. 
Hec'tic. [Hec'ticus; from c£tg, 
‘(.habit.”] (Fr. Hectiqne, ek't£k', or 
Etique, £'t&k\) Belonging to habit or 
state of body, as distinguished from dis- 
eases which are the result of miasma or 
contagion. 
Ilec'tlc Fc'ver. [Lat. Fe'bris 
Hec'tica; Fr. Fievre Hectiqne, fe-ivn' 
ek'tik'.] A slow, insidious fever, idio- 
pathic or symptomatic ; the latter arising 
in consequence of some incurable local 
disease. 
Heo-tl-co-pyr'e-tos,* or Hec-tl- 
cop'y-ra.* [From i\tg, “habit,” and 
vvp, or Trvpcrdg, a “fever.”] Hectic fever. 
Hec'to-g'riimine. [Hectogram'- 
ma, Mis; from isardr, a “hundred,” 
and gramme.] 100 grammes; equal to 3 
oz 8 dr. 2.152 gr. avoirdupois. 
Hectolitre, ek'to'l&tr'. [From Uardv, 
a “hundred,” and li'tre.'] 100 litres; 
equal to 3.5377 English cubic feet, or 
22 Imperial gallons, or 2J Imperial 
bushels. 
Hectometre, hek-to-me'ter or ek'to'- 
mStit'. [From isarov, a “hundred,” and 
metre.'] 100 metres; or 109 yards, 1 
foot, 1 inch. 
He-di'-o'ma.* American Penny- 
royal. The Pharmacopceial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the herb of the Hedeoma pule- 
gioides. Pennyroyal is a stimulant aro- 
matic and eininenagogue. 
Hedeo'ma Pn-le-jl-od'deS.* The 
systematic name of the plant Pennyroyal. 
See preceding article. 
Hed'e-ra He'Ux.* (Fr. IAerre, 
le-er'.) The systematic name of the ivy. 
Hed-e-ra'ceous. [Hedera'eeus; 
from Hed'era, the “ivy.”] Resembling 
the Hedcra, or ivy. 
Hedffe-Hys'sop. Common name 
for Gratiola officinalis. 
Ilel-coc'a-fc.* [From eAvo;, an 
“ulcer,” and kcuci“corruption.”] Ma- 
lignant ulcer. 
Hel-codeS.* [From eAkoj, an “ulcer.”] 
Having ulcers, or full of ulcers. 
IIel-£«e-<le'ina, atis* [From fAwf, 
an “ulcer,” and otAri/ia, a “tumor.”] 
(Edematous ulceration. 
Hel'coid. [Helcoi'des; from cXmg, 
an “ulcer,” and ei<5oj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling an ulcer. 
Hel-col'o-gj. [Heleolo'gia; from 
eAvoj, an “ulcer,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A history of ulcers. 
Ilel-co-me'm-a.* [From eXxog, an 
“ulcer,” and i*fjr, a “month.”] Metas- 
tasis of the catamenia to an ulcer; a 
sort of vicarious menstruation. 
Hel-ooph-tliiU'mi-a.* [From c\kos, 
an “ulcer,” and i'pOaXpig, the “eye.”] 
Ulcerous ophthalmia. 
Hel-co'sis.* [From eXvoj, an “Ulcer.”] 
The progress of ulceration. 
Hel'e-nin, or Hel'e-nlne. Elecam- 
pane Camphor. A volatile, crystalline 
solid, obtained from the In'tda hele'- 
nium. 
Ilel-I-an'tb e-mum.* Frostwort. 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the herb of the Helianthemum Cana- 
densc. 
Hel-i-co'deft.* [From eXiJ, a “coil,” 
or any thing spiral.] Full of windings: 
hel'icose. 
Hel'I-coid. [Ilelicoi'des: from 
?X(f, a “coil,” and ciAog, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling that which is spiral. 
He-lic'u-lus.* [Diminutiveofhe'lix, 
or fAiJ, a “coil.”] Applied in the plural 
(Helic'uli) to the spiral vessels of plants: 
a hel'icule. 
He-H-o-$en'trlc. [Heliocen'tri- 
ens; from fjXiog, the “sun,” and KEvrpiKig, 
“centric.”] Having the sun for the 
centre, or point of observation. 
He-II-o-l'deA.* [From rjXi os, the 
240 II EE 
HEL 
“sun,” and slfog, a “form.”] Resembling 
the sun: he'lioid. 
lle-ll-oin'e-ter. [Heliom'etrum; 
from rjXiog, the “sun,” and perpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the apparent diameter of the 
sun. 
He'li-o-scope. [Heliosco'pium; 
from the “ sun,” and okottsm, to “ ob- 
serve.”] An instrument for observing 
the sun. 
Et ell-o-stat[From fjAioj, the “ sun,” 
and larr/pi, to “stand,” to “cause to stand 
still.”] An instrument by which the 
sunbeam can be steadily directed to one 
spot during the whole of its diurnal 
period. 
He-ll-o-tro'pl-ous. [Heliotro'pi- 
us; from ijXiog, the “sun,” and Tps-w, to 
“turn.”] Applied to plants, the flowers 
of which turn constantly towards the 
sun. 
lle'll-o-tro-pis'mus.* [From rjAioj, 
the “sun,” and rporco, to “turn.”] That 
faculty by which certain plants con- 
stantly turn their flowers to the sun: 
heliot'ropism. 
Me'lix, ids* [Gr. tXif; from siXno, 
to “wind about.”] Literally, a “coil,” 
or any thing spiral. The outer border 
of the Pinna, or external ear. Also, the 
snail, a genus of Mollusca, order Pul- 
monea. 
Hel-le-bo-ra'ceous. [Hellebora'- 
ceus.] Having an arrangement of parts 
as in Helleborus. 
Ilel'le-bore. [Gr. lAA&Sopoj.] A plant. 
See Helleborus. 
Hellebore, American. See Vera- 
TRUM VIRIDE. 
11 el-le- bo' re-UN.* Belonging to 
hellebore. 
Mel-leb'o-rin, or Hel-leb'o-rlne. 
An acrid oil, said to contain the acrid 
principle of the Helleborus niger, black 
hellebore, or Christmas rose. 
Ilel-leb'o-rus.® [From l\cTv, to 
“destroy,” and 0opa, “fodder”?] Black 
Hellebore. A Linnaean genus of the 
class Polgandria, natural order Ranun- 
culacese. Also, the Pharmacopceial name 
for the rhizoma of Helleb'onts officina'lis, 
or If. niger; the Hellebori Nigri Radix 
(“Root of Black Hellebore”) of the 
Dublin Pharmacopoeia. Hellebore is a 
drastic hydragogue cathartic; it also 
possesses emmenagoirue properties. 
llelleb'orus Al'bus.* The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Dub. Ph.) of white 
hellebore root. See Veratrijm Album. 
llelleb'orus (“ Foetid 
Hellebore.”) Bear’s-Foot. The leaves 
have been extolled as a remedy for the 
Ascaris himbricoides. Little used. 
llelleb'orus Ni'£er,* Helleb'o- 
rus Of-fi$-I-na'lis.* Systematic names 
of black hellebore, or Melampoduim. 
llelleb'orusO-rl-en-ta'lis.* (“Ori- 
ental Hellebore.”) The root was formerly 
extolled in mania, epilepsy, and dropsy. 
It is still used in the Levant. 
Hel-niin'tha-gbgue. [Helmin- 
thago'gus; from iXptvs, eXpuvOog, a 
“worm,” and aycn, to “carry or drive 
away.”] The same as Anthelmintic. 
Ilel-min'the&.* [From eXpuvg, 'c\piv- 
6og, a “worm.”] A class or division in 
Zoology, including the various kinds of 
worms. 
llel-iniii-thi a-sis, :: or llel-iuiu'- 
thl-a.* [From eXpivg, eXpirbog, a “worm.”] 
The breeding of worms, or larvae, in any 
part of the body. 
llel-inin'thic. [llelniin'tlilcus; 
from 'eXpivg, 'cXpivdog, a “worm.”] Be- 
longing to worms. 
Hel-min-tbo'deS.* [From eXpivg, a 
“worm.”] Having worms, or full of 
worms. 
Hel-min'thoid. [ II el mint hor- 
des: from iXpivg, a “worm,” and eldog, a 
“form.”] Resembling a worm. 
Ilel-misi-thobo-try. [Helmintho- 
lo'gia: from IXpivg, a “worm,” and Aoyo,-, 
a “discourse.”] A treatise on worms,— 
particularly intestinal worms; that 
branch of medicine which treats of in- 
testinal worms. 
Hel-mindhoph'thi-sis.i' [From 
?Afuvf, a “ worm,” an<l tpdioig, a “ wasting 
away.”] Tabes verminosn, or wasting 
from the presence of intestinal worms. 
Ilel-min-thop'y-ra.* [From iXpirg, 
a “ worm,” and irip, or ireperog, a “fever.”] 
Worm-fever. 
lle-lo'bl-us.® [From <? Aof, a “marsh,” 
a “pool,” and (Hog, “life.”] Living on 
moisture; aquatic. 
He-lo'deS.* [From cXog, a “marsh,” 
a “pool.”] Full of moisture. Applied 
to a fever with profuse sweating; also, 
to marsh fever. 
IIc-lop'j?-ra.* [From eAoj, a “marsh,” 
and TTvpcros, a “fever.”] Marsh or swamp 
fever. 
He'los.* [Gr. /?Aos; Lat. Cla'vus, a 
“nail.”] A name given to the tumor 
formed by prolapsus, or procidentia iridisy 
supposed to resemble a nail. 
Helwingiacese,* liel-win-je-a'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, which appears to be composed 
241 IIEN 
of a single genus, Helmin' gia, found in 
Japan. 
Ilemacyanin, or Hematocyanin. 
See HaEmatocyanina. 
Hemal. See Haemal. 
Hcmaproctie, &'mii'prok,t<y. [From 
aly/i, “ blood,” and xpesKrhg, the “anus.”] 
The French term for Piles, which see. 
Hematic. See Haematic. 
Hematite. See Haematite. 
Hem-e-ra-lo'pl-a.* [From hyipa, a 
“day,” anil clip, the “eye.”] A defect 
of vision, by which objects are seen only 
in broad daylight: day-sight; night- 
blindness. 
Hem-e-ra-plio'nl-a.* [From hyepa, 
a “day,” a, priv., and poivh, the “voice.”] 
Loss of voice during the day. 
Hein-e-rod'ro-mus.* [From hyipa, 
a “ day,” and Spoyoa “ course.”] Applied 
to a fever which runs its course in a 
day. The same as Ephemerus. 
Hem-e-rot-jf-phlo'sis.* [From 
hylpa, a “day,” and TvfXmmg, “blind- 
ness.”] Day-blindness, or Nyctalopia. 
Hem-I-car'pus.* [From fjyurvg, the 
“half,” and sapiros, “fruit.”] Each por- 
tion of a fruit which naturally separates 
itself into halves. 
Hem-i-$ep3i'a-lus.* [From vyurug, 
“half,” and K£pa\h, a “head.”] A mon- 
ster-foetus with half a head. 
Hem-I-cra'nl-a.® [From >\yiavg, 
“half,” and spariov, the “head.”] (Fr. 
Migraine, mAgRen' or mX'giiW.) A 
severe pain, generally hysterical, nervous, 
or bilious, affecting one half or side of 
the head; a megrim. 
Ileni-I-craii i-cuN.* Belonging to 
hemicrania. 
Hem-I-iles'mus Indl-ciis.i An 
asclepiadaceous plant, the root of which 
is used in India under the name of 
Country Sarsaparilla. It has been called 
Indian or Scented Sarsaparilla, or the 
root of Smilax aspera. 
Hem-I-he'clral, or Hem-I-e<l'ric. 
[From Hyurog, a “ half,” andcSpa, a“base.”] 
Having half faces, or facets. 
Hem-I-o-pal'£I-a.* [From fyuavg, a 
“half,” dip, the “eye,” and aXyog, “pain.”] 
Ilemieranie pain of the eye. 
Hem-I-op'sjr. [Hemiop'sia, Hem- 
io'pia; from rjyiaug, a “half,” onroyat, to 
“see,” or tip, the “eye.”] Defect of 
vision, under which only the half of 
objects is seen. 
Hein-I-ple'£?I-a,* Hem-I-plex' i-a.* 
[From iiyur ’i, a “ half,” and Tt\wa<n, to 
‘‘strike.”] Paralysis, affecting one half or 
side of the body; paralysis hemiplegica. 
HEM 
Hcm-f-ple&'lc. [Hcmiple&'icns.] 
Belonging to hemiplegia. 
HemiplexicuH. See Hemiplegia. 
He-mip'ter-a.* [Sec Hemipterus.] 
Insects which have one half of their 
wings thick and coriaceous, and the 
other half membranous, as the bug, 
tick, etc. 
Hesm-ip'ter-o-lo'&i-aA* [From Ijyc- 
o-ug, a “half,” nripor, a “wing,” and Xoyog, 
a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the He- 
miptcra. 
Ilcjn-ip'ter-ous. [Hemip'terns; 
from ii/xiovf, a “ half,” and rntpov, a 
“wing.”] Half-winged. Applied to an 
order of insects. See Hemiptera. 
Hem'i-spliere. [From iyta-vg, a 
“half,” and mbaipa, a “sphere.”] The 
half of a sphere. Applied in Anatomy to 
the two portions which constitute the 
upper portion of the cerebrum. They are 
separated by the falx cerebri. 
He-mit'ro-pous. [Heuiit'ropus; 
from fjyurvg, a “half,” and rpemi, to 
“turn.”] Applied to a crystal formed 
of two parts or halves regularly united, 
but as if the superior had undergone a 
revolution upon the inferior. 
13Pin'lock. The Conium maculatum. 
Hemlock Pitch. The Fix Cana- 
densis. 
HCmoptysie, The 
French term for Haemoptysis, which 
see. 
Hemorrhage. See Haemorrhage. 
HCsnorrhagie, Amo'r&'zhA. The 
French term for HaEmorrhagia, which 
see. 
Hfmiorrhoiides, i'mo'ro'M'. A 
French term for Piles, which see. 
Hemp. See Cannabis. 
Hemp'-Seed Cal'cu-lus. The name 
of some varieties of the mulberry cal- 
culus, which are remarkably smooth and 
pale-colored, resembling hemp-seed. 
Hen'banc. [Hyoscy'ainiis.] A 
powerful narcotic plant, said to be poison- 
ous to the domestic fowl. See IIyoscya- 
mus. 
Hen'bane, Black. The Hyoscyamus 
niger. 
Hen-Btind'ness. [Jfyctalo'pia.] 
So termed because hens are said to be 
subject to it. 
Hen-dee'a-gon. [Hendccago'- 
nusti: from 'irdsKa, “eleven,” and yos-Aa, 
an “angle.”] A figure having eleven 
equal angles and sides. 
Henne, hen'neli. A substance pro- 
cured in Egypt from the Laicso'nia Tne/- 
misy with which the women stain their 
242 IIEP 
IIEP 
fingers and feet. Also used for dyeing 
skins of a reddish yellow. 
He'par,* gen. Hep'a-tis. [From 
map, maro{, the “ liver.”] The liver, or or- 
gan which secretes the bile. (See Liver.) 
The term hepar, or “liver,” was formerly 
applied to tho combinations of sulphur 
with alkalies, from their liver-like appear- 
ance. 
He'par Aii-tl-mo'nl-i. : (“ Liver of 
Antimony.”) An oxy-sulpliuret of anti- 
mony. 
He'par Cal'eis,* called also Cal'cis 
Siil-piiu-re'tiiEii.$ A crude bisul- 
pliuret of calcium, recommended as an 
external application to Crusta lactea. 
He'par Sul'pluir-is.* (“Liver of 
Sulphur.”) Theold Pharmaceutical name 
of a liver-brown sulphuret of potash. 
Hep-a-tal'gl-a.* [From map, the 
“liver,” and aAyoj, “pain.”] Pain af- 
fecting the liver. See IIepatodynia. 
Mep-a-taux'e.* [From map, the 
“liver,” and av£rj, “increase.”] En- 
largement of the liver. 
Hep-a-tesn-plirax'is.* [From ijn-ap, 
the “liver,” and “obstruction.”] 
Obstruction of the liver. 
Hep-at-lwem-or-rlja'&I-a.* [From 
map, the “liver,” and an 
“ eruption of blood.”] Hmmorrhage 
from the liver. 
Hep-at-hel-co'sis.® [From map, 
the “liver,” and cXscaai;, “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration of the liver. 
He-pat'ie. [Hepat'icus; from 
iizap, I'imitos, the “ liver.”] Belonging to 
the liver. Applied to vessels, ducts, etc. 
Hepat'ic Air. Another name for 
sulphuretted hydrogen gas; so called, it 
would seem, because commonly produced 
by the action of muriatic acid on the 
Ifepar Antimonii. 
Hepat'ic Flux. Bilious Flux. The 
name given in the East to a variety of 
dysentery, in which there is a frequent 
flow of bilious fluid from the bowels. 
Ue-pat'i-ca.* [From hepat'icus, “ be- 
longing to the liver.”] Liverwort. A 
genus of plants belonging to the Linnaean 
class Polyandria, natural order Ranuncu- 
lacex, so named on account of its sup- 
posed medicinal virtues in hepatic affec- 
tions. Also, the Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the Hepat’ica 
America' na. 
A natural order of 
flowerless plants, related to Mosses, found 
in damp, shady places. 
lle-pati-co-cori-ciw.® [From he- 
pat'icus, “ hepatic,” and col'icus, “ of 
the colon.”] Belonging to the liver and 
colon. 
He-pat'i-co-re-na'lis.* [From he- 
pat'icus, “ hepatic,” and rena'lis, “of the 
kidney.”] Belonging to the liver and 
kidney. 
Hepatieus. See Hepatic. 
Mep-a-tir-rlice'a.* [From fiirap, the 
“liver,” and pko, to “flow.”] A purging, 
with bilious evacuations. See IIepa- 
TOltRHfE A. 
Hepatite. See Hepatitis. 
Ilep-a-tit'I-cus.* Belonging to 
hepatitis. 
Hep -a-ti'lis. i'dis* [From map, the 
“liver;” Fr. Hepatite,k'phitkt'Inflam- 
mation of the liver. A genus of the order 
Phleymasise, class Pyrexite, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Hep-a-tl-za'tson. [Ilepatiza'tio, 
o'jtie ; from i[nap, the “ liver.”] A change 
of structure in the lungs, or other tex- 
ture, into a liver-like substance. 
•31 op a-1o-(,el<'.S: [From map, the 
“liver,” and srjXri, a “tumor.”] Hernia, 
in which a part of the liver protrudes 
through the abdominal parietes. 
Hep -a-UMlyn'I-a.® [From ifrrap, the 
“liver,” and divert, “pain.”] Chronic 
pain in the liver. Nearly the same as 
hepatalgia. 
Hcp-a-to-gas'tric. [From J\-nap, the 
“ liver,” and yaorip, the “ stomach.”] A 
term applied to the smaller omentum, 
which passes from the liver to the stomach. 
Hep-a-tog'ra-phy. [Hepat«gra'> 
pliia; from ijirap, the “ liver,” and ypa<f<a, 
to “ write.”] A description of the liver, 
its attachments, functii ns, etc. 
Hep-si-tol'B-iSius.* [From ifrap, the 
“ liver,” and Ai&ij, a “ stone.”] Calculus 
or concretion in the liver. 
Hep-a-tol'o-gy. [Hopatolo'gia; 
from I.Trap, the “liver,” and A<5yo;, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the liver; the 
science which treats of the anatomy, 
functions, and diseases of the liver. 
Hep-a-ton'cus.* [From map, the 
“liver,” and oy/c<%, a “swelling.”] Chronic 
hepatitis, or swelling of the liver. 
Hcp-a-to-plileg'nion, or Hop-a- 
to-plileg-'nio-ne.* [From map, the 
“liver,” and <p\zypovrt, “inflammation.”] 
The same as Hepatitis. 
Hep-a-topli'tlii-sis,*' or Ilep-a- 
topSi'tlio-e.* [From map, the “liver,” 
and (bdims, “consumption,” or a 
“ wasting.”] Consumption, decay, or 
wasting, of the liver. 
Hop.:5-to|>!i-ttio i-ciis. Of, or be- 
longing to, hepatophthoe. 
243 IIEP 
HER 
Hep-a-to-phy'ma.® [From map, 
the “liver,” and <f>vpa, a “suppurating 
tumor.”] A suppuration of the liver. 
Hep-a-tor-rlia'gi-a.s [From inap, 
the “ liver,” and pii.vnpn, to “ burst forth.”] 
A discharge (of blood) from the liver. 
Hep-a-t®r*rl»ex'is.* [From i>ap, 
the “ liver,” and a “ rupture.”] 
Rupture of the liver. 
Hep-a-tor-rhoe'a.® [From map, the 
“liver,” and pio>, to “ flow.”] A flow of 
blood from the liver. 
Ilep-si-to-to'inl-a,* or IIcp-a-t«t'o- 
lliy. [From 'nap, the “ liver,” and riprin, 
to “cut.”] Dissection of the liver, or 
cutting into the liver. 
Ilpp'ta-gon. [Heptago'num; 
from eirra, “ seven,” and ywAa, an “ an- 
gle.”] A plane figure having seven 
equal angles and sides. 
I lop-1 u-g-.v hi-mis. [Heptagyn'- 
ius; from eirra, “seven,” and yuWj, a 
“ woman,” or “ female.”] Having seven 
pistils. * 
Hep-tan'dri-a.* [From inra, “ sev- 
en,” and amp, avipog, a “ man,” or “ male.”] 
The seventh Linnaian class of plants, in- 
cluding those which have seven stamens 
in each flower. 
Hep-tan'dri-ous, or Hep-tan'- 
d runs. [Ileptan'drius; from the 
same.] Having seven stamens. 
Hep-tsv-pet a-Ions. [Ilcptapet'- 
aliis; from In-a, “seven,” and neraXor, 
a “ petal.”] Having seven petals. 
Hep-ti>-pl»yl'lous. | Heptaphyl'- 
lus; from inra, “ seven,” and rjtvXXor, a 
“ leaf.”] Having seven leaves. 
Ilep-ta-pleS'i’iis.'® [From eirra, 
“seven,” and irXevpdv, a “rib.”] Having 
seven ribs. 
II ep-Ia-si'p'a-liis.’ [From tirra, 
“ seven,” and dtp'alum, a “ sepal.”] Hav- 
ing seven sepals: heptasep'alous. 
Slep-ta-sper'inous. [ If opla- 
sper'mus; from inra, “seven,” and 
ontppa, a “ seed.”] Having seven seeds. 
Mer-ba.* (Fr. Ilerbe, enb.) An herb. 
A plant with a soft and succulent stalk, 
which dies to the root every year. A 
plant of which the stem does not become 
woody and persistent. 
Iler-ba'ceous. [Herba'ceiss.] 
Having soft stalks, and perishing to the 
root each year; of the nature of an herb. 
Mer-ba'ri-um.* [From lier'ba, an 
“herb,” and -arium, a Latin termination 
denoting a repository, or the place where 
any thing is kept. See Ovarium.] (Fr. 
Herbier, er'be'si'.) A collection of dried 
specimens of plants: a Hortus siccus. 
IFei*bc. See IIerba. 
Her bier. See Herbarium. 
Mer-biv'o-rous. [Herbiv'orus; 
from her'ba, an “herb,” and vo'ro, to 
“devour.”] Feeding on herbs. 
llrrmiilaire. See Hereditary. 
Ile-red'I-ta-ry. [Haireilita'rius ; 
from km1 res, hmre'dis, an “heir.”] (Fr. 
Hrreditairc, &'ri'd6'teR'.) Derived by 
inheritance ; transmitted from parent to 
offspring. 
Iler-inaph'ro-dite. [STennapli- 
roditus; Hermaphroditus was fabled 
to be the son of Her'men (or Mercury) 
and Aphrodi'te (or Venus), and to have 
united both sexes in one person.] One 
in whom either the male organs of gen- 
eration are too slightly, or tho female 
too highly, developed, in either case ap- 
proaching in size and resemblance those 
of the opposite sex. Applied in Botany 
to a flower which contains stamens and 
pistils within the same calyx and petals. 
II<*r-mapIi-ro-dit'ic. [Ilermapli- 
rodit'icus.] Belonging to a hermaph- 
rodite. 
ller-met'Ic, or Her-met'I-cal. 
[IFermet'icus; from 'Eppijj, Mercury, 
who is said to have invented chemistry.] 
Belonging to chemistry. 
Hermet'ic Seal. The closing of 
tho end of a glass vessel or tube, while 
in a state of fusion. 
Her-ino-dac'tj’-lus.* The ancient 
name of a plant supposed to be colchicum. 
Her'nl-a.® [From epvo;, a “ branch, or 
something given off.”] (Fr. Hargne, 
haRn, or Hernie, cu'ni'.) In popular 
language, a “rupture;” a tumor formed 
by the protrusion of any of the viscera 
of the abdomen beyond its parietes; also, 
displacement of any part from its normal 
cavity. A genus of the order Ectopise, 
class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
IIer'nia Cer'ebri.* (“ Hernia of 
the Brain.”) Protrusion of the sub- 
stance of the brain through tho fontanels, 
or through an opening made by a frac- 
ture, a trephine, etc. 
IIer'nia, Congen'itae. [Hcr'nia Con- 
gen’ita.~\ Hernia existing at birth. 
IIer'nia Crura'lis.* (“Crural Her- 
nia.”) Femoral hernia, or a protrusion 
under Poupart’s ligament. The passage 
through which the hernia descends is 
variously called the crural, or femoral, 
ring, and crural canal. 
IIer'nia Humora'lis.* (“Humoral 
Hernia.”) Acute inflammation of the 
testicle, or swelled testicle. See Or- 
chitis. 
244 HER 
HET 
Her'nia, In'guinal. [Her'nia Ingui- 
na’lis.] Bubonocele, or hernia at the 
groin. It is termed incomplete, or ob- 
lique, when it does not protrude through 
the abdominal ring, and complete, or 
direct, when it passes out at that opening. 
Her'nia, Umbil'ical. [Her'nia Um- 
bilica' lis.\ Omphalocele, or exomphalos. 
Hernia of the bowels at the umbilicus. 
Her'nia Varico'sa.* (“VaricoseHer- 
nia.”) Another name for Gircocele. 
Herniaire. See Hernial. 
fler ni-al. (Fr. Herniaire, 
Hernie, cu'iicA', or Hernieux, 
Belonging to hernia. 
Hernie. See Hernia. 
Hernie Oaibilicale. See Hernia, 
Umbilical. 
5 lorn id. See Hernial. 
Hernieux. See Hernial. 
Iler-ni-otO-my. [llernioto'mia; 
from her'nia, and repvo>, to “cut.”] The 
operation for strangulated hernia. 
He-ro'ic. [Hero'icus; from ijpsos, 
a “hero.”] Applied to certain remedies 
from their potency or severity. 
Her'peS, e' Its.'* [From epno>, to 
“creep.”] Serpigo, or Tetter; a skin-dis- 
ease in which little itchy vesicles in- 
crease, spread, and cluster together, ter- 
minating in furfuraceous scales. A 
genus of the order Dialyses, class Locales, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Her’pen €ir-cl-na'tus.® Ring- 
worm ; also called Herpes Serpigo. 
Her'pes Ex'e-dens.® (“Corroding 
Herpes.”) A species of herpes in which 
there is a rapid spreading of the disease. 
Her'pes I.ab-1-a'lis.® (“Herpes of 
the Lip.”) A form of herpes attacking 
the lips : it is occasionally diffused on 
the velum and palate. 
Her'pes Ser-pi'fjo.* Herpes cir- 
cinatus, or ringworm. 
Her'pes Zos'ter.* [See Zoster.] 
Herpes spreading across the waist, or 
thorax, like a sash or sword-belt, com- 
monly called shingles. 
Her-pet'ic. [Herpet'icus.] Be- 
longing to herpes, or tetter. 
Her-pet-I-for'mis.® [From her'pes, 
“tetter,” or “cutaneous eruption.”] 
Having the appearance of herpes. 
Her-pe-tojj'ra-phy. [Herpeto- 
gra'phia: from her'pes, “tetter,” and 
yp'rlioi, to “ describe.”] A description of 
herpes. 
[Herpetolo'- 
gia; from epnerog, “reptile,” and Aoyos, a 
“discourse.”] The study or science of 
reptiles, theii habits, nature, etc. Also, 
a dissertation on herpetic diseases. Seo 
Herpetic. 
Hcs-|]i('ii' i-(lin. [From besperid'ium, 
the “orange.”] A peculiar crystallizable 
substance obtained from unripe oranges. 
Western. = Hester'mis.* “ Of yester- 
day.” 
Ileter-si-easi flius.® [From bepos, 
“ other,” “ different,” and ousavOa, a 
“thorn.”] Having different spines, or 
spinous stipules, one of which is straight, 
the other hooked. 
Het'er-a-del'pM-a.* [From bepos, 
“ other,” “ different,” and ahc\(p6s, a 
“brother.”] A term applied to the union 
of the body of two foetuses. In these 
eases, one foetus generally attains its 
perfect growth; the other remains un- 
developed or acephalous, maintaining a 
parasitic life upon its brother. 
Het'er-a-de'nI-a,* or Het'er-o-do'- 
nl-a.® [From bepos, “ different,” and 
tidf/p, a “gland.”] A heterologous for- 
mation of glandular substance. 
Het-er-an 'drus.* [From bepos, “ dif- 
ferent,” and arfip, aripos, a “man,” or 
“male.”] Having stamens or anthers 
of different form. 
Het-er-an 'thus.* [From bepos,“ dif- 
ferent,” and avOos, a “flower.”] Having 
different flowers. 
Ilet'er-o-car'pous. [Heterocar'- 
pus; from bepos, “ different,” and sapixos, 
“fruit.”] Bearing different fruits. 
[From bepos, 
“ different,” and Kc^ahh, the “ head.”] A 
monster-foetus with two unequal heads. 
Hct-er-o-ehro'nl-a.* [From bepos, 
“different,” and xpwoj, “time.”] A de- 
viation from the normal condition of a 
part, consisting in the development of 
some mass or tissue at a time when, ac- 
cording to the laws of health,' it ought 
not to have been developed. 
Het'er-o-cllte. [Heteroc'litus; 
from bepos, “ different,” and *AtVw, to 
“incline.”] Literally, “anomalous,” or 
“irregular.” Applied to plants which 
have the sexes separated. 
Het'er-o-ga/ml-us,* Het-er-ogf'a- 
mus.® [From bepos, “different,” and 
■yapos, a “marriage.”] Having flowers, 
monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous. 
Heterojranjrliata. See Zoology. 
Het'er-o-ge'ne-ous. [Heterojfe'- 
iii-iin; from 'bepos. “different,” and ybos, 
a “kind.”] Of different or opposite kinds. 
Ileter-o-la'H-a.* [From bepos, “ dif- 
ferent,” and \q\tn, “speech.”] A defect 
in speech. See Heterophonia. 
Het-er-ol'o-bus.® [From bepos, “ dif- 
245 IIET 
HEX 
ferent,” and X<5/?oj, a “lobe.”] Applied 
to plants, or parts of plants, having 
unequal lobes. 
JIet-er-ol'«-gr«us. [Heterol'ogus; 
from irepo;, “diflerent,” and X6yo;, a 
“discourse,” “proportion,” or “rela- 
tion.”] Applied to certain formations, 
consisting of the presence of a solid or 
fluid substance different from any of the 
solids or fluids which enter into the 
healthy composition of the body. 
Het-er-om'e-rus.* [From e-repos/' dif- 
ferent,” and pepoj, a “ part,” or “ portion.”] 
Having, or consisting of) different por- 
tions. See Isomerous. 
Met-er-o-me'trl-a.* [From It epos, 
“ different,” and perpov, a “ measure.”] 
A variation from the normal condition 
of a part with respect to the “measure” 
or quantity of material which it contains. 
Het'er-o-mor'pliou*. [Hetero- 
mor'phns; from irspo;, “ different,” and 
poptpfi, “form.”] Differing in form, shape, 
or external appearance. See Isomor- 
piious. * 
Ilet'er-o-ne'mus.® [From iirepo;, 
“different,” and vripa, a “thread,” or 
“fillet.”] Having unequal filaments. 
llet-er-op'a-tliy. [Heteropa- 
thi' a; from irepo;, “different,” and iraOo;, 
“affection.”] That mode of treating 
diseases by which a morbid condition is 
removed, by inducing a different or oppo- 
site condition to supplant it; such, for 
example, as resorting to cold water or 
refrigerating medicines to get rid of fever. 
The opposite of Homoeopathy, and, so, the 
same as Allopathy. 
IIet'er-o-i»et'a-lus.;!> [From irepo;, 
“different,” and neraXov, a “petal.”] 
Having dissimilar or unequal petals. 
Het'cr-o-plio'nl-a.® [From Irepo;, 
“ different,” and <poivn, the “ voice.”] An 
abnormal state of the voice. 
IIet er-o-|»la'sI-H.s [From irepo;, 
“different,” and rrXdat;, “formation,” or 
“structure.”] The increase of a part 
by the addition of structural elements 
different from those of its normal con- 
dition. 
Het-er-op'o-clus.* [From 'irepo;, 
“different,” and irov;, a “foot.”] Having 
feet different (from the other orders). Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Heterop'oda) 
to an order of Mollusca Gasteropoda. 
Hct-er-op'te-rus.* [From irepo;, 
“different,” and irrcphv, a “wing.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Heterop'tera) 
to a section of Hemiptera_, in which tho 
elytra are membranous only at tho ex- 
tremity. 
Het'cr-o-rhj'n'«hn*,* Ilet-or-o- 
ros'tris.* [From irepo;, “different,” 
and pvyXo;, a “ beak,” roe'1 rum, a “beak.”] 
Having different beaks. 
llet er-o-ste'ma-nus.® [From irepo;, 
“different,” and orr/yior, a “stamen.”] 
Having dissimilar stamens. 
Het-er-ot'ro-pous. [Heterot'ro- 
|>;is j from irepo;, “ different,” and rpmo;, 
“ manner.”] Applied to the embryo of 
a plant when it lies across the hilum. 
Het'er-o-tjrp'i-a.*' [From irepo;, 
“different,” and rvirof, a “type.”] A 
variation from the normal condition, 
by the production of a mass in a part 
differing in type from the remaining 
structure of the part. 
Alum-root. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of Heuchera Americana. 
llex’a-gun. [Kex:i{^>'niim: from 
r£, “six,” and yaviu. an “angle.”] A 
plane figure having six equal angles and 
sides. 
Uox-iig'o-nal. [Hexag'omis.] Be- 
longing to a hexagon. 
Hex-sr&'S'n-ous, or Hex-a-gyn'i- 
ons. [Hexagyn'ius; from rf, “ six,” 
and yuri/, a “woman,” or “female.”] 
Having six pistils. Applied to a Lin- 
nsean order. 
Ilex-a-lie'rfral. [Hexahc'drus.] 
Belonging to a hexahedron. 
llex-a-Iic'dron. [llexahe'drum; 
from f[, “ six,” and iipa, a “ base.”] A 
regular solid figure bounded by six equal 
sides ; a cube. 
Mex-an'drl-a.* [From i\, “six,” 
and anhp, av&pos, a “man,” or “male.”] 
The sixth class of the Linnsean system 
of plants, including those which have 
six equal stamens in each flower. 
Hex-an'drous, or Hex-an'drl- 
011s. [Hexan'drills.] Having six 
equal stamens. See Hexandria. 
ESex-an gu-lar. [Hexang'ttla'ris; 
from rf, “ six,” and an'gulus, an “ angle.”] 
Having six angles. 
Ilex-a-pel'ii-lous. [Uexapeta- 
lus; from rf, “six,” and rrcraXor, a “pet- 
al.”] Having six petals. 
Ilox-a-pliyl'lous. [Hexaphyl'- 
lus; from ?f, “ six,” and <pv\\oe, a “ leaf.”] 
Having six leaves. 
Hex-ap'o-llus.* [From i\, “six,” 
and rroh;, a “foot.”] Having six feet. 
Applied particularly to insects. 
Ilex-ap'to-rous. [laexap'terus; 
from r£, “six,” and nrepos, a “wing.”] 
Provided with six wings. 
Hex-a-sep'a-lus.* [From ?£, “six,” 
246 HEX 
HIP 
and tcp'alum, a “sepal.”] Composed of 
six sepals. 
Hex-a-sper'mus.* [From ?f, “six,” 
and oitcpya, a “ seed.”] Having six seeds. 
Mex-a-ste'mo-nus.* [From tf, 
“ six,” and orrjpcjv, a “ stamen.”] Having 
six stamens. See IIexandrous. 
Hex'is.* [Gr. ?fts; from fyco, to 
‘'have,” to “have one’s self,” or to 
“be.”] The same as habit of body. See 
Diathesis. 
Hi -a'tiis Fal-lo'pi-i.® [From hi'o, 
hia'tum, to “gape.”] An opening in the 
tympanum, named from Fallopius. 
Hibernaculmn. See Hybernacu- 
LUM. 
Hibiscus Mosclaatus. See Abel- 
moschus. 
Hiccough, Hiccup. See Singultus. 
Hid’den Seiz ure. A term used by 
M. Hall for such a paroxysm in convulsive 
diseases, as may have been unobserved, 
because occurring in the night, or away 
from the patient’s home and friends, or 
limited to the deeply-seated muscles. 
Hi-dro'a.* [From iSpiis, “sweat.”] 
Tho term given by Sauvages and Vogel 
to eczema, or heat eruption. 
Ha-dro'deS.® [From I6pi>s, “sweat.”] 
Full of sweat; sweaty. 
Hi-dron'o-sus.® [From I<5pms,“ sweat,” 
and vuaos, a “disease.”] See Anglicus 
Suhor. 
Hi-drop-e-de'sis.* [From «5pws, 
“sweat,” and irvinois, a “spring.”] Ex- 
cessive sweating. 
Uidropyretus. See IIydronostis. 
IIid-ror-rh«e'a.* [From i Spin;, 
“sweat,” and peo>, to “flow.”] Profuse 
sweating. 
HI-dro'sis.® [From Upws, Mpm-ros, 
“sweat.”] The condition of sweating. 
Hi-drot'ic. [Hidrot'icus; from 
the same.] Causing sweat; sudorific; 
diaphoretic. 
Hi-drot-o- 
poi-e'sis.* [From idpeos, “sweat,” and 
■Kodw, to “make.”] Excretion of the 
sweat. 
Hi-er-an'o-sos.® [From irpds, “holy,” 
and vooo$, “ disease.”] Mor'bus Sa'cer. 
An ancient term for “epilepsy.” 
Hi'cr-aPi'cra.® [From lepds, “holy,” 
and nuepos, “bitter.”] A name applied 
to Pulvis Aloes cum Canella. 
High-nio-ri-a'num An trum.® A 
cavity in the superior maxillary bone, 
described by Highmore; otherwise called 
the Antrum maxillse, or A. maxillare. 
Hi-lif'er-us.* [From hi'lum, and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Having hila. 
Hilon. See IIilttm. 
Hi'luin,* plural Hi'la. Sometimes 
improperly written Mi'Ius. (Fr. Hilon, 
&'ii>N«'.) The point of attachment of a 
seed to its seed-vessel, or receptacle by 
which it obtains its nourishment; the 
umbilicus of the seed. 
Hi’lus I,i-e-n:ilis.* [From Wen, 
the “ spleen.”] The concave part of the 
spleen. 
Hip. See Coxa. 
llip-Itatli. See Semicupium. 
Hip-Ber'ries. The ripe fruit of the 
Rosa canina. 
Hip-Joint Uisease. See Coxalgia. 
Hip'-Tree. The Rosa canina. 
Hip-po-eain'pus.® [From ImtoKap- 
ttoj, a small marine animal with a head 
closely resembling that of a horse.] The 
small animal named the sea-horse. 
Hippocam'pus Major,* called 
also Cor'nu Ain-nio'nis.* A large 
white curved body in the inferior cornu 
of the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
Hippocam'pus Mi'nor.* A small 
eminence of white substance in the pos- 
terior cornu of the lateral ventricles of 
the brain. 
Hippocastanacese,* hip-po-kas-ta- 
na'she-e, or Hippocastanece,® hip-po- 
kas-ta'ne-e. [From Hippooas'tannm, the 
specific name of the “horse-chestnut.”] 
A name given by some botanists to a 
natural order of plants. See Sapixda- 
CE*. 
Hip'po-co-ry's6a.® [From brims, the 
“horse,” and Kopvi,a, “inflammation of tho 
mucous membrane of the nostrils.”] 
Applied to coryza in horses, such as 
occurs in farcy or glanders; likewise to 
the same affection in cattle, etc. It is 
also termed Hippomyxa. See Farcy. 
Hippocrateace*e,* hip-po-kra-te-a'- 
she-e. [From Hippocra'tea, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, mostly natives of South Ame- 
rica. 
Hip-poc'ra-teS’ Sleeve. [Man'ica 
Hippoc'ratis.] A name given to a 
conical-shaped strainer of linen or flan- 
nel. 
Hip-po-crat'ic. [Hippocrat'i- 
cus.] Belonging to Hippocrates. 
Hippocratic Countenance. See 
Facies Hippocratica. 
Hippoeraticete,® hip-po-kra-tish'- 
e-e. The Jussieuan name of a natu- 
ral order of plants. See IIippocratea- 
cea:. 
Kip'po-lith. [Ilippol'illiiis: from 
"anto;, a “horse,” and Xidos, a “stone.”] 
247 HIP 
HIS 
The Bezoar equinum; a concretion in 
the gall-bladder, or intestines, of the 
horse. 
Mip-pol'o-;gy. [Hippolo'gia; from 
imro;, a “horse,” and Aoyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A term for a dissertation on 
the horse; the science which treats of 
the horse. 
Ilip-po-myx’a,* [From "noro;, a 
“horse,” and “mucus.”] The same 
as Hippocoryza, which see. 
Hip'po-noHSOl'o-gj?. [ Hippono- 
soio'gia.] The same as Hippopathol- 
ogy, which see. 
Ilippo-patli-o-lo&'I-cal. [Hip- 
popatliolo&'icuH.] Belonging to hip- 
popathology. 
Hippo-pa- t!i<>ro-£y. [H ippo- 
patliolo'gia; from "anrog, a “horse,” 
irado;, “disease,” and hoyog, a “dis- 
course.”] That branch of general medi- 
cine which treats of the diseases of the 
horse. 
Hip-pos-te-ol'o-£y. [Hipposte- 
olo'gia; from iirrrog, a “horse,” and dare- 
o\oyia, a “ treatise upon bones.”] A 
treatise on the bones of the horse; that 
branch of Comparative Anatomy which 
treats of the skeleton of the horse. 
Hip-pot'o-my. [Hippoto'mia; 
from "arms, a “horse,” and rcfivin, to 
“cut.”] The anatomy, or dissection, of 
the horse. 
Hip-pu'rate. [Hippu'ras, a'iis.] 
A combination of hippurie acid with a 
base. 
Hip-pu'ric. [Hippu'ricus; from 
(iriru,-, a “horse,” and ovpov, “urine.”] 
Applied to an acid found plentifully 
in the urine of the horse and cow, 
and in that of the Graminivora gene- 
rally. 
llip'pus.® [Gr. "arms, a “horse,” also, 
an “affection of the eyelids.”] A dis- 
ease of the eyelid, in which there is a 
constant tendency to wink; so called, it 
is said, because the lid goes up and 
down, like a man on horseback. 
Hip'pus Pu-pil'lae.® (“Hippusof 
the Pupil.”) A tremulous condition of 
the iris, attended with alternate contrac- 
tions and dilatations of the pupil. 
Mir'cate. [Hlr'cas, st'tis.] A com- 
bination of hircic acid with a base. 
Mir'cic, or Hir-cin'ie. [Hircin'i- 
cus.] Applied to an acid obtained from 
the fat of the goat. 
Hir'cin, or Hir'clne. [Hirci'na; 
from hir'cus, the “male goat.”] A pe- 
culiar substance found in the fat of the 
goat, and on which its strong odor de- 
pends. It yields by saponification the 
hircic, or hircinic, acid. 
[From hir'cus, a 
“male goat.”] The strong odor, pecu- 
liar to the human axilla, which resem- 
bles that of the male goat. 
Mir'sute. [Hirsu'tns.] Hairy; 
rough; shaggy. 
Hirsuties,* hir-su'she-ez. [From 
hirsu'tus, “ hairy.”] A disease in which 
hair grows in morbid excess or on a part 
where it is unnatural. 
Hir-tl-flo'rus.® [From hir'tus, 
“hairy,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
hairy flowers. 
Hir'tus.® [Contraction of hirsu'tus, 
“hairy,” or “shaggy.”] Hough-haired; 
hairy. 
lliru<l. = Hiru'do,* or hint,'dines.* A 
“leech, or leeches.” 
ISI-ru-clI-for'inis.® [From hiru'do, 
a “horse-leech.”] Resembling the leech. 
Applied by Latreille, in the neuter plural 
(Hirudifor'mia), to an order of animals. 
Hl-ru'do, «!/ nis.* [From hau'rio, to 
“drink up”?] A genus of worms, or 
worm-like animals, belonging to the 
class Anellata (or Anellides). The Phar- 
inacopoeial name (Brit. Ph.) of the 
Samjuisuga medicinalis (Fr. San//sue, 
sono'sU'), the Hirudo medicinalis. 
Hiru'do Me-dic-i-na'Hs.® The 
European leech, an animal much em- 
ployed for local depletion. It will draw 
nearly a half an ounce of blood. The 
American leech, or Hiru'do deco'ra, does 
not make so deep an incision as the 
European, and draws less blood. 
His'pid. [flis'pidiiH.J Having 
bristles; bristly. 
fifis-pid-u-la'tus.® [From hispid'u- 
lus, the diminutive of his'pidus, “rough,” 
“bristly.”] In a slight degree rough. 
His-pid-u-Jo'sus.® [From the same.] 
Having stiff hairs. 
His-to-di-al'y-sis.® [From laris, a 
“web,” or “tissue,” and (iidAwrw, a “dis- 
solution.”] A resolution of organic tex- 
ture. 
Belonging 
to liistodialysis. 
His-t«-ge-net'ic. [Histogenet'i- 
cns.] Belonging to histogeny: pro- 
moting the formation of organic tex- 
tures. 
Mis-toff'e-nj?. [ II istog-eu 'esis; 
from lards, a “web,” or “tissue,” and yhto, 
to “be born.”] The origin or formation 
of organic tissue. 
His-to-grapb'i-ens.® Belonging to 
histography. 
248 ms 
HOM 
His-tog'ra-phy. [Histogra'phia; 
from taros, a “web,” or “tissue,” and 
ypdy&j, to “write.”] A description of the 
organic tissues. 
Ilis-to-log'i-Ciil. [Histolog'ieus. ] 
Belonging to histology. 
His-tol'o-gy. [Histolo'gia; from 
laris, a “web,” or “tissue,” and Aoyo?, a 
“discourse.”] The science or doctrine 
of the minute structure and composition 
of the different textures of organized 
bodies. 
His-fon'o-my. [Histono'mia; 
from laros, a “web,” or “tissue,” and 
vdyos, a “law.”] History of the laws 
which regulate the formation and ar- 
rangement of organic tissues. ■ 
llis-tot'o-my. [Histoto'mia; from 
taros, a “web,” or “tissue,” and reyuo, 
to “cut.”] Dissection of organic tis- 
sues. 
His-trl-on'ic. [From hi o'trio, a 
“play-actor.”] A term applied by Ger- 
man writers to affections of the muscles 
of expression, inducing spasms and para- 
lysis. 
Hive Syr'up. A syrup prepared as 
a remedy for croup. See Syrupus 
Scilla: Compositus. 
Hives, hivz. A popular name for the 
croup. It is also applied to different 
species of rash. 
Hoarseness. See Raucedo. 
Hoary. See Glaucus, and Inca- 
NOUS. 
Hoflf'mann’s An'o-dyne Liq uor. 
[Hoffman'ni I.iq'uor Anod'ynus.] 
See Spiritus Atheris Compositus. 
Hog’s iLard. See Adeps Suillus, 
and Axungia Porcina. 
Hol-o-car'pus.* [From os, 
“whole,” or “entire,” and tcapnos, 
“fruit.”] Having entire fruit-capsules. 
Hol-o-pet'a-lus.* [From tfAoj, 
“whole,” or “entire,” and aerdhov, a 
“petal.”] Having entire petals. 
Homaliacete,® ho-ma-le-a'she-e. 
[From Homa'lium, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, all of which are tropical. 
Hom'foerg’s Phos'ptio-rus. Mu- 
riate of lime, which, on being reduced 
by heat to a vitreous mass, Homberg 
found to emit a phosphoric light, when 
struck by a hard body. 
Ifom-berg’s l*y-ropli'o-rus. A 
mixture of alum and brown sugar, which 
lakes fire on exposure to the air. 
Home-Sickness. See Nostalgia. 
Hom'i-cide. [Homiei'diuni; from 
bo'mo, “man,” and ex'do, to “kill.”] 
The killing of a man, woman, or child 
by accident, in distinction from that 
done in malice, with set purpose; man- 
slaughter, chance-medley, etc. 
Homo-. [From hyis, “equal,” 
“same.”] A prefix denoting equality, 
or sameness. 
Ho-moe-o-mor'plius.* [From 
oyotos, “like,” and yoptpfi, “form.”] Hav- 
ing a similar form. 
llo-nui'-o-patliic. [Homceo- 
path'icus.] Belonging to homoeop- 
athy. 
Homceopathie. See Homoeopathy. 
llo-nioe-op'a-tliy. [Homoeopa- 
th! a; from oyotos, “like,” and tcado;, 
“disease.”] (Fr. Homceopathie, o'mi'o- 
p&'tS'.) A doctrine propounded by 
Hahnemann, professing to cure diseases 
by the action of infinitesimal doses of 
medicines, of a quality to excite in tho 
healthy a disease similar to that which 
is to be cured. 
Ho-mce-o'sis.* [From oyotos, “like.”] 
Assimilation. 
Honiogungliatn. See Zoology. 
Ho-ino-ge-ne'I-ty. [Homogene’i* 
tas, a'fi's.] Homogeneousness. 
Ho-mo-ge'nc-ous. [Homoge'ne- 
us: from oyos, “equal,” “same,” and ye>os, 
a “ kind.”] Of the same kind or quality 
throughout. 
Ilo-iuol’o-KOiis. [Homol'ogus; 
from byos, “equal,” “same,” and hoy os, 
a “discourse,* also, “relation,” “ana- 
logy,” “ratio,” or “proporiion.”] Ap- 
plied to things of the same essential 
nature, however different in form or 
name, in different animal bodies. See 
Homology. 
Homologue, hom'o-log. [Homol*- 
ogum; from the same.] A term applied 
to a part of an animal which corresponds 
to another part in a different animal, or 
to a different portion of the same ani- 
mal. See next article. 
Ho-mol'o-gy [Homolo'gia: from 
the same], or Ho-molo-gies, Doc'- 
trine of. That branch of anatomical 
science which investigates the corre- 
spondence of parts and of plan in the 
construction of animals. 
1. Special Homology relates to tho 
correspondence of parts in different 
animals. Thus, the wing of a bird is 
the homologue of the arm in a man, or 
of the fore-leg of a horse. 
2. Serial Homology relates to the cor- 
respondence of parts in the same ani- 
mal. Thus, the wing of a bird is the 
homologue, in one segment of its body, 
249 of the raj of the bird in another seg- 
ment. 
3. General Homology relates to corre- 
spondencies of parts viewed with refer- 
ence to the ideal archetype of the verte- 
brate skeleton. Thus, the arm is the 
diverging appendage of its segment; the 
supra-occipital bone is the neural spine; 
the ex-occipital bone, or condyloid part 
of the occipital bone, in the human sub- 
ject, is the neurapophysis. 
Hom-o-inor'pilous. [ Homomor'- 
plius; from opd;, “equal,” “same,” and 
gop-ph, “form.”] Having the same form. 
See Heteromorphus. 
Ho-inon'jr-mous [from ogk, “same,” 
and ovopa, a “name”], and Mo-mo-ty'- 
pal [see Homotype]. These terms de- 
note, in Anatomy, a correlation of parts: 
the frontal bone is the homonym or ho- 
motype of the super-occipital bone, the 
humerus of the femur, etc. It is the 
aim of serial homology to determine ho- 
monymous or homotypal relations. See 
Homology. 
I Ion i-o-pel 'a-Ius.® [From bpog, 
“equal,” “same,” and ttctuXov, a “petal.”] 
Applied to flowers in which the petals 
are alike. 
Hom-o-phyiTus.* [From bpug, 
“equal,” “same,” and <pv\\o‘j, a “leaf.”] 
Having 1 :avo3 or leaflets all alike. 
Ho-mop'ter-ous. [Hoinop'terus; 
from 'opog, “equal, ’ “same,” and Ttripov, a 
“wing.”] A term applied to a section 
of hemipterous insects, having elytra 
of the same consistence throughout, and 
almost similar to the wings. 
Ho-mot'ro-pous, or Ilo-mot'ro- 
pal. [Hoinot'ropus; from op6s, 
“equal,” “same,” and rpbto, to “turn.”] 
Applied to the embryo when it has the 
same direction as the seed. 
Hom o-type. [Homot'ypus; from 
bp6;, “equal,” “same,” and rvirog, “form,” 
or “nature.”] A term employed by 
Owen for a repeated part in the seg- 
ments of the same skeleton. 
Hon'ey. [Mel, MelTis.] A sweet 
substance collected from the nectaries 
of flowers by the A'pis Mellif'ica, or 
Honey-Bee. 
H»n'ey-I)ew. A sweetish substance 
secreted and deposited upon the leaves 
of plants by the Aphides, a genus of 
small insects popularly called plant-lice. 
Hoop'er’s Pills. A nostrum which 
has been extensively used as a purgative 
and emmouagogue. See Pilule Aloes 
et MyriihtE. 
Hooping-Cough. See Pertussis. 
IIOM 
Hop. The Humulu8 lupulus; also, the 
bractese, or floral leaves, of the same. 
See Humultjs. 
Hopital, The French term 
for Hospital, which see. 
lloquet, ho'ksL'. The French term 
for “hiccup.” See Singultus. 
Hor-de-a/ceous. [Mordea'ceus; 
from hor'deum, “barley.”] Of the nature 
of barley; resembling barley. 
Hor'dc-i IMs'ti-chi Sem'I-na.* 
(“ Seeds of the llordeum Histichon.”) 
See Houdeum. 
Hor'dc-i Sem'I-na.* (“Seeds of 
Barley.”) Pearl Barley; the grains of 
the Hordeum Histichon, or common bar- 
ley, deprived of the husk or skin. See 
Hordeum. 
Hor'de-i-for'mis.* [From hor'de- 
um, “barley.”] Formed like barley. 
Hor'de-in. [Hordei'na; from hor'- 
deum, “barley.”] A peculiar substance 
found in barley, allied to starch, but 
constituting a distinct substance. 
Hor-de'o-lum.* [Diminutive of 
hor'deum, “barley.”] A small, highly- 
inflammatory tumor on the edge of the 
eyelid: popularly, a stye. 
Hor'de-iiin.® Barley. A Linnman 
genus of the class Triandria, natural 
order Graminacese. Also, the Pharma- 
copoeial name || of the seeds of Hor'deum 
dis'tichon, or barley. 
Hor'deura IMs'tl-chon.* The 
French barley-plant. 
Hor'denmVol-Ka'rc.* The Scotch, 
or common, barley-plant. 
ItaiN' iioiiml. The Marrubium vul- 
gare. 
Hore'hound Tea. Prepared by in- 
fusing an ounce of the Marrubium vul- 
gare, or white horehound, in a pint of 
boiling water. 
Iffor. iliteral. = Ho'ris interme'diis.* 
“At the intermediate hours” between 
what has been ordered at stated times. 
Ho-ri'zon. [From &pt£<ov, the present 
participle of hpitya, to “bound.”] The 
great circle dividing the heavens from 
the earth, and forming the boundary to 
our sight. 
H or-I-KOll' till. [Horisoaita'lis.] 
Parallel with the horizon: on a level. 
Slorn'hlcmle. A mineral of dark- 
green or black color, abounding in oxide 
of iron and entering into the composi- 
tion of several of the trap rocks. 
Horn PocU. A name given by some 
writers to a form of Variola, in which 
the pimples are imperfectly suppurating, 
ichorous, or homy, and semi-transparentr 
II OR 
250 Hor'rl-dus.* [From hnr'ror, a 
“shivering or quaking from fear or 
cold.”] Shivering with cold. Applied to 
a fever, etc. 
Hor-ri-pl-la'tion. [Horripila'- 
tio, o'nis; from hor'reo, to “have one’s 
hair stand on end,” to “shiver,” or 
“tremble,” and pi'lus, the “hair.”] A 
sensation of creeping, or as if each hair 
were stiff and erect, in different parts of 
the body. It is often a symptom of the 
approach of fever. 
Hor'ror, o'r/x.* [From hor'reo, to 
“shake from cold.”] A shivering, or 
cold fit. 
Horse-Ches'nut. The fruit of the 
j3S*'c ulus Hippocas'tan uni. 
IIorse-Miut. The common name of 
the Monar'dtt puncta'ta. 
Horse-Rad'isli. The common name 
of the Cochlea'ria armora'cia. 
Hor-tic'o-Ius.* [From hor'tus, a 
“garden,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
Growing in a garden. 
Hor'tus Sic'cus.* (Literally, a “dry 
garden.”) A herbarium, or collection of 
dried plants. 
Hor. un. spatio —Ho'rse uni'us 
spa'tio■.* “ At the end of an hour.” 
Ho*'pi-tal. [Hospita'lium; from 
hos'pes, a “host;” also, a “guest.”] 
(Fr. Hopital, o'pAt&l'.) Originally, a 
place for exercising hospitality towards 
strangers, or the sick and poor. A chari- 
table establishment for the relief of the 
sick, and for their lodgment and mainte- 
nance during treatment; an infirmary. 
Hos pital Fe ver. [Fe'bria \oso- 
eomia'lis. ] A fever peculiar to the 
inmates of a hospital, from their con- 
dition and circumstances. 
Hospital (imigreiie. [Gan* 
fjrse'na Nosocoinia'li*. ] A severe 
and peculiar species of humid gangrene, 
combined with phagedenic ulceration of 
a highly infectious nature. 
lloublon, hoo'bl6N°'. The French 
term for the “hop.” See Humulus. 
Hour-Glass Con-trae'tion. An 
irregular and transverse contraction of 
the uterus, in which it assumes the form 
of an hour-glass. 
II. S., or Hor. soin. = Ilo'ra som'ni.* 
“Just before going to sleep.” 
Huile, w6l. The French term for 
“oil.” See Oleum, and Oil. 
Huin'bold-tltc. A mineral consist- 
ing of oxalate of lime, and forming the 
basis of a urinary calculus. 
Hu-uiec'tantt. [Huinec'tans: from 
humcc'to, humecta'turn, to “make moist.”] 
HOR 
Rendering moist; moistening. The same 
as Diluent. 
Hu-mee-liVtion. [Iliiniectatio. 
o' nits; tiorn the same.] The act or pro- 
cess of making moist. 
Hu'mc-ral. [Humera'lis; from 
hn'merm, the “arm,” or “shoulder.”] 
Belonging to the humerus ; brachial. 
Hu'me-rus,*gen. Hu'me-ri. [From 
the “shoulder.”] (Fr. Epaule, 
i'pol'.) Originally, the “shoulder.” In 
Anatomy, the brachium, or arm proper, 
from the shoulder to the elbow; also, the 
long bone, or Os humeri itself. In Orni- 
thology, the first portion of the superior 
extremity supporting the wing. 
Hume’s Test. A test for arsenious 
acid, consisting of the ammonio-nitrate 
of silver. If solutions of these sub- 
stances be mixed, a yellow arsenite of 
silver is precipitated, and nitrate of 
ammonia remains in solution. 
llumeiir Aqueuse, U'muii' 3,'kuz'. 
The French term for Aqueous Humor, 
which see. 
Hu'mic. [Hu illicit*: from hu'mus, 
the “ground.”] Pertaining to the ground, 
or earth. The same as Geic. Applied 
to an acid found in earth. 
Hu'mi-liise. [Hiuitifu'sus; from 
hu'mus, the “ground,” and fu'sus, 
“ spread,” or “ lying along.”] A botanical 
term which signifies “running along the 
surface of the ground.” 
Hu'ml-lis.* [From hu'mus, the 
“ground.”] Mean; humble; dwarfish. 
Applied to plants which grow close to 
the ground. 
Huiniriacete,* hu-me-re-a'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, which are found in the tropical 
parts of America. It includes the IJu- 
mir'ium, which produces Balsam of Umiri, 
resembling copaiva in properties. 
llu'nior. [Hu mor, o'ris.] Moist- 
ure, or sap. Any fluid of the body 
other than the blood. 
Humor, Aqueous. See Aqueous 
Humor. 
Humor, Vitreous. See Vitreous 
Humor. 
Hu'mo-ral. [Ilnmora'lis; from 
hu'mor, “moisture,” or “humor.”] Be- 
longing to the humors of the body. 
Hu'moral Pipthol’o-gy. A sys- 
tem in medicine which attributed all 
diseases to morbid changes in the humors, 
or fluid parts of the body, without as- 
signing any influence to the state of the 
solids. 
Ilu-mor'ic. [Humor icus; from 
HUM 
251 HUM 
IIYD 
hU'mor, “moisture,” or “humor.”] Ap- 
plied to the sound produced by percus- 
sion on the stomach when distended 
with air and fluid. 
Hii'mii-lin. [Htuouli'iia.] The nar- 
cotic principle of the Jfii'mvhis hi'puhia. 
Hu'mu-lus.* Hops. The Pharma- 
copoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the strobiles 
of the Hu'mulna lu'pulus. 
Hii'miilus S.u pii-Ius.® (Fr. //<>«- 
bfoii, hoo'bliN”'.) The systematic name 
of the hop, which is both a tonic and 
hypnotic. 
Hu'inus.* Vegetable mould; woody 
fibre in a state of decay. 
Hunger. See Fames. 
Husk. See Glume, Involucre, and 
SlLIQUA. 
Ilux'ham’s (hux'amz) Tinc'ture 
of Bark. The same as Tinctura Cin- 
chona: Composita, which see. 
Hy-a-li'nus.* [From vaXos, “glass.”] 
Transparent, like glass : hy'aline. 
Hy a-H-pen'nis.* [From vaXog, 
“glass,” and pen'na, a “wing.”] The 
same as Hyalopteiius. 
Hyalitis, idis. See Hyai.oiditis. 
Hy a-Io-tlee'cry-sis.® [From vaXuiris, 
“glassy,” and ixpwns, a “flowing out.”] 
Escape of part of the vitreous body or 
humor. 
Hy-a-lo'de-o-ma-la'cX-a* (-ma-la'- 
she-a). [From va\-Jjdn(, “glassy,” and 
paXwcia, “ softness.”] A softening of the 
vitreous body. 
Hy-a-lo'<le-o-mal-a-co'sis.* The 
progress of hyalodeotnalacia. 
Hy-a-lo'dess.* [From vaXof, “ glass.”] 
Glassy. 
Hy'a-loid. [Hyaloi'des; fromvaXos, 
“glass,” and cidof, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling glass; transparent. 
Hy'aloid Mem'brane. [Mem- 
bra'na Hyaloi'des.] The extremely 
delicate membrane of the eye whose 
numerous cells contain the vitreous hu- 
mor. 
idts.* [From hya- 
loi'des, “hyaloid.”] Inflammation of 
the hyaloid membrane. 
Hy -a-lop't e-rus.: [From vaXog, 
“ glass,” and rrrepoa, a “ wing.”] A term 
applied to insects having transparent 
wings : hyalop'terous. 
Hy-a-io-spsr'mus.* [From vaXoj, 
“ glass,” and oirtppa, a “ seed.”] Having 
transparent seeds: hyalosper'mous. 
Hy-ber-nac'u-lum.* [From hy- 
ber'na, “winter quarters,” or a “winter- 
ing place.”] An organic body which 
springs from the surface of a plant, in 
order to protect the new shoot which it 
encases froln injury. 
Hj'-bcrnul. [Hyber'mis; from 
hyber'no, hybenin'tum, to “winter.”] 
Belonging to winter. 
lly'ber-nat-ing. [II yber'nans; 
from the same.] Passing the winter. 
Hy-ber-nation. [From the same.] 
The state of torpor or winter-sleep pe- 
culiar to certain animals. 
Hy brid. [Hyb'rida, or Hy'bris, 
idos ; from vSpig, “ mongrel.”] (Fr. Metis, 
mAt&s'.) The offspring of two different 
species of animals or plants. As an ad- 
jective it signifies “mongrel.” 
Hydarthrosis. See Hydrarthrosis. 
llydartlirus. See Hydrarthrus. 
Ily-dat'id. [Ilyd'atis, id is; from 
Haris, a “ vesicle” (from vicop, “ water”).] 
A small vesicular tumor, containing a 
watery fluid; also, a genus of the Ento- 
zoa, formed of a membrane containing a 
water-like fluid. See Aquula. 
llydatidodes. See Hydatidosus. 
lIy-dat-I-do-i'de&.* [From hyd'atia, 
a “hydatid,” and dioj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a hydatid. 
Ily-dat-I-do'ma, atw.* [From hyd'- 
ntis, a “hydatid.”] A tumor containing 
hydatids. 
Ily-dat-i-do'sis.* [From hyd'atia, 
a “vesicle,” or “hydatid.”] The for- 
mation of hydatidoma. 
Hy-dat-I-do'sus.* [From hyd'atis, 
a “vesicle,” or “hydatid.”] Having, or 
full of, hydatids. 
Hy-dat-I-for'inis.* [From hyd'atis, 
a “vesicle,” or “hydatid.”] Having 
the appearance of a hydatid: hydat'i- 
form. 
Hyd-a-tig'e-nus.® [From Haris, a 
“vesicle,” and ykva>, to “be born.”] Pro- 
ceeding from a hydatid. 
Hyd-ij-to-gcn'e-sis.' [From vStop, 
“water,” and ytvtais, “origin,” “birth.”] 
A term for the formation of water, or of 
a watery fluid, in the body. 
Hyd-a-toncus.5 [From tidcop,“water,” 
and dyxds, a “ tumor.”] A watery swell- 
ing. 
Hydcroncus. See Hydatoncus. 
Hy'de-ros,* or H.v (le-rus.® [From 
vSfop, “ water.”] Literally, “water-flux.” 
A name given by the Greeks to diabetes. 
Hy'clrj*,.* [From v6iop, “ water.”] A 
polypus, destitute of brain, viscera, or 
lungs, found in brooks and pools in tem- 
perate countries. 
[Hydra^'idui; from 
ucicop, “water,” and ay'idum, an “acid.”) 
Applied to acids containing hydrogen. 
252 H YD 
HYD 
Hy'dra-de-ni'tis, 1dii.* [From hy'- 
draden, a “lymphatic gland.”] Inflam- 
mation of a lymphatic gland. See Lym- 
phadenitis. 
Ity-drsi‘ ina, or Hy-drte'ml-a.* 
[From vioip, “water,” and alpa, “blood.”] 
A state of the blood in which the serum 
is transparent, with a small quantity of 
coloring matter. 
lly'dra-gbjgue. [Hydragogus; 
from vitop, “water,” and fiyca, to “bring 
or drive away.”] Applied to medicines 
which increase the secretions, and so 
tend to remove water from the system. 
H yd raiigeacese,3 hi-dran-je-a'she-e. 
[From Hydrauge'a, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous shrubs, 
found in China, Japan, and America. 
My-draH-ge-i'tiH, idis* [From 
hydrangi'on, a “lymphatic vessel” (from 
viup, “water,” or “lymph,” and ayytiov, 
a “vessel”).] Inflammation of the lym- 
phatic vessels. 
2Iy-draii-&I-o-jgra'phI-a.s [From 
bjdrangi'on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
ypuipm, to “write.”] A term for a descrip- 
tion of the lymphatic vessels, their situa- 
tion, function, etc. 
Ily-draii-gl-o-to'iMl-a.* [From 
hydrangi'on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
to “cut.”] Dissection of the 
lymphatic vessels. 
Ily-drar'gy-ri Iii-clilo'rl-diim.* 
The Mercurian sublimatus corrosivua, or 
corrosive sublimate. See Hydrargyri 
CHLORintIM CORROSIVUM. 
Hydrar'gyrl A'tilo'ri-dmn.* The 
submuriate of mercury. See Hydrar- 
gyri Chloridum Mite. 
Ilydrar'gyri Chlo'ridum Cor-ro- 
si'vum.® (“Corrosive Chloride of Mer- 
cury.”) Corrosive sublimate. A sub- 
stance occurring in colorless crystals, or 
crystalline masses, which are fusible by 
heat, sublime without residue, and are 
entirely soluble in water, alcohol, and 
ether. Except in very minute doses, 
corrosive sublimate, if taken internally, 
is a dangerous poison. It is sometimes 
applied externally, as a stimulant and 
escharotic, to indolent or malignant 
ulcers. Albumen formtf an insoluble 
and comparatively harmless compound 
with corrosive sublimate. Hence, in 
cases of poisoning from this substance, 
the white of eggs beaten up with water 
affords an excellent antidote. In <iase 
eggseannotbe procured, copious draughts 
of milk, or wheat flour mixed with water, 
nay be substituted. See Poisons. 
Hydrar gyri Clilo'ridum Mi'te.* 
(“Mild Chloride of Mercury.") Tha 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for tha 
substance popularly known as Calomel. 
It occurs in the form of a white powder; 
which is tasteless and inodorous, wholly 
volatilizable by heat, and insoluble in 
water, alcohol, and ether. Calomel is 
esteemed the most valuable of all mer- 
curial preparations. In minute doses it is 
an excellent alterative; in larger ones it 
is a purgative and anthelmintic. It pos- 
sesses this great advantage, that in small 
doses it is not liable to be rejected by 
the most irritable stomach. But unhap- 
pily, like other mercurials, it acts un- 
equally on different constitutions; so 
that the prudent physician will always 
be on his guard against salivation 
and other more serious results from its 
too free use,—more especially if he be 
not thoroughly acquainted with the con- 
stitutional peculiarities of his patient. 
Even a very moderate and cautious ex- 
hibition of this remedy has sometimes 
been followed by the most terrible and 
fatal effects. 
Ilydrar'gyri <,'y-an l-<liun: (“ Cy- 
anide of Mercury”), otherwise called 
Mydrar'gyri £y-an-u-re'tum* (U.S. 
Ph., 1850). A substance occurring in 
white prismatic crystals wholly solublo 
in water. It is an active poison, but it 
is sometimes given in very minute doses 
in syphilitic complaints. 
Hydrar'gyri I-od'I-dtim Kn'- 
brum.* (“Bed Iodide of Mercury.”) 
A red powder, which becomes yellow 
when heated, and red again when cold. 
It is wholly volatilized by heat. It is 
insoluble in water, but is dissolved by 
boiling alcohol. The red iodide of mer- 
cury is a powerful and irritant poison. 
It is highly recommended, in very mi- 
nute doses, as a remedy in rheumatism 
dependent on syphilitic taint. 
Hydrar'gyri Iod'iduin Vlr'I-dc* 
(“ Green Iodide of Mercury”), otherwise 
called Hytlrar'gyri Iod'iduin* (U.S. 
Ph., 1850). A greenish-yellow powder, 
which becomes red when heated. It is 
insoluble in water and alcohol. Its 
properties are similar to those of the 
preceding preparation, but it is less 
active. 
BSydrar'gyri Ox'I-dum Ru'- 
brnm.* (“Bed Oxide of Mercury.”) 
Bed Precipitate. An orange-red powder, 
entirely soluble in muriatic acid. When 
heated, it gives off oxygen. As an ex- 
ternal application it is used in the form 
of ointment and in powder. 
253 HYD 
HYD 
Ilydrar'gyri Sub-mil 'rl-as.* 
f“ Submuriate of Mercury.”) See Hy- 
diukgvri Ohloridum Mite. 
llydrar'gyri Su 1'pitas Fla'va* 
(“Yellow Sulphate of Mercury”), other- 
wise called llydrar'gyri Sul'pBaas 
Fla'vus* (U.S. Ph., Turpeth 
mineral. A lemon-yellow powder, spa- 
ringly soluble in water. It is entirely 
dissipated by heat. It is used as an 
alterative, emetic, and errhinc. 
llydrar'gyri Kiil-phn-re'tiim 
Wi'grnin.* (“Black Sulphuret of Mer- 
cury.”) See JSthiops Mineral. 
Hydrar Sulplmre'tum Rn - 
brum.* (“ Bed Sulphuret of Mercury.”) 
Cin'nabar. A substance occurring in 
brilliant crystalline masses of a deep- 
red colot and fibrous texture. It is 
entirely volatilized by heat. 
Mydrargyri Pngiientum. See 
Unguentum Hvdrargvri. 
Hy-drar-gyr'i-a.® [From hydrar- 
gyrum, “ mercury.”] An erythematous 
redness sometimes produced by an over- 
use of mercury; also applied to any 
morbid effects arising from its abuse as a 
medicine. 
Hy-drar-&y-ri'a-sis.* [From i&pap- 
yopo;, “mercury.”] The effect arising 
from the administration of mercury ; 
mercurialism. See Hydrargyrosis. 
Hy-drar-gyr'ic. [Hydrargyr'i- 
cus.] Belonging to hydrargyrum, or 
mercury. 
Hydrargyrls. See Hydrargyria. 
Hy-drar-gy-ro'sis.* The same as 
IIydrargyriasis, which see. 
Hy-drar'gy-rum.* gen. Ily-drar - 
gjr-ri. [From viojp, “ water,” or “ liquid,” 
and a/ryrpos, “silver.”] (Fr. Mercure, 
or Vi/ Argent, v6f aR'zhoN0'.) 
Literally, “liquid silver.” The Pharma- 
copceial name || for quicksilver, or mer- 
cury. See Mercury. 
Hydrargyrum Am-mo-ni-a'- 
tum.' (“ Ammoniated Mercury.”) 
White Precipitate. A substance occur- 
ring in white powder, or pulverulent 
masses, decomposed and entirely dissi- 
pated by a strong heat, insoluble in 
water and alcohol, but dissolved without 
effervescence by muriatic acid. It is 
used in medicine only as an external 
application. 
Ilydrar'gyruin cum Cre'ta.* 
(“ Mercury with Chalk.”) A mixture 
composed of three parts of mercury and 
five of chalk; used as a mild mercurial 
alterative for children. 
Hyd-rar-tliro'sis.* The morbid 
diathesis indicated by the occurrence of 
hydrarthrns. 
My-drar'tlirns.* [From v&op, 
“water,” and iip9por, a “joint.”] The 
disease white-swelling; sometimes called 
Spina Ventosa. A genus of the order 
Tumoree, class Locales, of Cullen's Nos- 
ology. 
My-dras'fi.s.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Hy- 
drastis Canadensis. 
Hy'drate. . [Hy'dras, a'tis; from 
t><5a>p, “water.”] A combination of water 
with an oxide : a hydro-oxide. 
My'draf-ed. [Hydra'tns; from 
hy'dras, a “ hydrate.”] Applied to sub- 
stances combined with water. 
Hy-dran'llc. [Hydraul'icus; 
from viiop, “water,” and ah\tKO(. “belong- 
ing to a pipe.”] Belonging to the con- 
veyance of water through pipes. 
My-drau'lics. [Hydratil'ica; 
from the same.] The art of constructing 
engines to convey or raise water through 
pipes; a branch of hydrodynamics. That 
branch of Natural Philosophy which 
treats of the motions of liquids, and the 
laws by which they are regulated. 
Idis.* [From 
hydrenceph'alus.] Hydrocephalus, with 
inflammation. 
[From 
tideup. “water,”and eneephal'ocele, “tumor 
of the h ad.”] Hydrocephalic tumor, or 
hernia. 
[From tideup, 
“ water,” and eyKe<pa\o;, “ within the 
head.”] Water in the head. The same 
as hydrocephalus. 
jflly-dri'o-dafe. [Hydrio'das, 
a'i/s.] A combination of hydriodic acid 
with a base. 
My-drl-od'ic. [Hydriod'icas; 
from vScop, “water,” and iod'inum, 
“ iodine.”] Belonging to water and 
iodine. Applied to an acid. 
Hy-dro-a' rl-u m.® [From v6<op, 
“water,” and mapiov, an “ovule,” the 
“ovary”?] Dropsy of the ovary. 
My-dro-bro'mate. [Hydrobro'- 
mas, a'te#.] A combination of hydro- 
bromic acid with a base. 
Bly-d ro-brom 'it*. [Effyd rob roan 
leas.] Belonging to a combination of 
hydrogen and bromine. Applied to an 
acid. 
Jiy-dro-car'bo-nate. [Hydro- 
carbo'nas, a-'ti's.] A combination of a 
carbonate with a hydrate, or of a carbo- 
nate and water. 
Hy-dro-car'bu-rct. [Ilydroear- 
254 IIYD 
IIYD 
biire'tiim.] A combination of hydrogen 
and carbon with another body. 
Hy-dro-caii'Iis.* [From &5<op, 
“ water,” and can'tis, a “ stem.”] Applied 
to a knotty stem with sheathed leaves, 
which float on the water. 
[From vScop, “water,” 
and KijXa, a “tumor.”] Dropsy of the 
testicle. Water, or other fluid, in the 
membranes of the scrotum, the coats of 
the testicle, or the cellular texture of the 
spermatic cord. A genus of the order 
Intumescentiee, class Cachexies, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
HyVIro-te-no'sis.® [From vAup, 
“ water,” and Kteoxns, an “ evacuation.”] 
An evacuation of water, as in dropsy, 
either by paracentesis, or hydragogue 
medicines. 
See Hydroceph- 
alus. 
Belonging 
to hydrocephalus. 
Hydrocepbalitis. See Hydren- 
CEPHALITIS. 
Hy' dro- $epli' a - lo - <;cn - te'sis/* 
[From hydroceph'alus, and Kcrrriais, a 
“puncturing.”] The operation of punc- 
turing the head in hydrocephalus. 
[Hydro- 
ceptialoi'des; from hydroceph’alus, 
and eidos, a “ form.”] Resembling hy- 
drocephalus. 
[From vSoip, 
“ water,” and KchaXfi, the “ head.”] 
(Fr. Hydrociphale, Lite- 
rally, “ water in the head.” Dropsy of 
the brain. A genus of the order Intn- 
mescentise, class Cachexies, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Mydrocliaridacese,* hi-dro-kar-i- 
da'she-e. [From Hydroch’arts, one of 
the genera.] A natural order of en- 
dogenous aquatic plants, natives of fresh 
water, in Europe, India, and North 
America. It includes the Vallisneria 
spiralis. 
Hydrocliarides,* hi-dro-kar'e-dez. 
The Jussieuan name of a natural order 
of plants. See IIydrocharidacea?. 
Hy-dro-ehlo'rfite. [Hydroctalo'- 
ras, a'ti’s.] A combination of hydro- 
chloric acid with a base. 
Ily-dro-ehlo'ric. [Hydrortilo'- 
ricas.] Belonging to hydrogen or 
chlorine. Applied to an acid formerly 
termed muriatic acid. 
Effy-dro-rSilo'rlne. [Mydroetilo- 
ri'na.] A compound of hydrogen and 
chlorine. 
Hy-dro-ehol-e-sys'tis, id is.* [From 
v&op, “water,” xnM, “bile,” and rims, a 
“bag.”] Dropsy of the gall-bladder. 
idis* 
[Prom hydrocholecys'tis.] Dropsy of the 
gall-bladder, with inflammation. 
Hy-dro-$ir%o-£ele.* [From vdtop, 
“ water,” Kipaos, a “ varix,” and *jjXu, a 
“tumor.”] Hydrocele, with varicose 
veins, of the spermatic cord. 
II y -(lro-<,(i‘ li-a. ; [From vcoip, 
“ water,” and soiXia, the “ belly/’] The 
same as Ascites, which see. 
Hy-dro-ooriniis. [From r’Aop, “wa- 
ter,” and xoppos, a “ trunk.”] A stem or 
stalk that is horizontal, and floats on 
the water. 
Ily-dro-cra'nl-a.* [From vlwp, 
“ water,” and Kpaviov, the “ head.”] The 
same as Hydrocephalus, which see. 
[ Hydrooy 
anas, a'tis.] A combination of hydro- 
cyanic acid with a base. 
Ily clro-uy-aii'lc. [I I ydrooyan 
leus.] Belonging to hydrogen and cyan- 
ogen. Applied to an acid also termed 
cyanic. 
idis.* [From viosp, 
“water,” and mans, a “vesicle.”] A 
hydatid or hy'drocyst. 
I&y-dro-der'nia, at is* [From vlcop, 
“ water,” and ikppa, the “ skin.”] The 
same as Anasarca, which see. 
Hy-dro'deS.* [From vctnp, “ water.”] 
Full of water: hy'drous. 
Ily-dro-dy-naniic. I [Hydrody- 
nain'ieus; from v6otp, “water,” and 
ivuapis, “power.”] Belonging to the 
power of water, or other fluids. 
Ily-dro-dy-nam'ira. [Ilydrody- 
nam'ica; from the same.] Tbe science 
which applies the principles of dynamics 
to determine the conditions of motion or 
rest in fluid bodies. It is usually divided 
into two branches, hydrostatics and hy- 
draulics.—(Brande.) 
Hy-dr«e-de'ma, atis.* [From wlcop, 
“ water,” and oiertpa, a “ swelling.”] 
Watery oedema. 
Hydroencephalus. See Hydren- 
CEPHALUS. 
Hy-dro-flii'ate. [Hydroflnas, 
a't/s.] A combination of hydrofluoric 
acid with a base. 
Hy-dro-fln-or'ic. [Iffydrofliiop'- 
icns.] Belonging to hydrogen and flu- 
orine. Applied to an acid, also termed 
fluoric. 
Hydro-sen. [Hydroge'nium; 
from vStop, “ water,” and ytvviuo, to “ pro- 
duce.”] (Fr. Hydrogene, &’dRo’zhen .) 
The lightest ascertained substance; a 
255 HYD 
IIYD 
gas forming one of the constituents of 
water ; inflammable air. 
Sly' d ro-gen-iil-isi. [ H yd regen - 
n'tais.J Having hydrogen in combina- 
tion. 
Hydrojgftiie. The*French term for 
II ydrogen, which see. 
BIy-dro-fre-nif'e-r«nis. [Hydroge- 
nif'erus; from hydroge’nium, “hydro- 
gen,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Containing 
hydrogen. 
[Ilydrogne'sia; 
from vStop, “water,” and yvtoiif, “know- 
ledge.”] A history of the waters of the 
terrestrial globe. 
Hy-drojg'ra-pliy’. [Hydrogra'- 
pliia; from vdtop, “ water,” and ypatpai, to 
“ write.”] A description of the waters 
distributed on the earth’s surface, parti- 
cularly with reference to the course and 
magnitude of rivers, the bearings of the 
coasts, the depths, currents, and other 
circumstances required to be known for 
the purposes of navigation. 
lly-dro-Iue'ml-a.* [From vStop, “wa- 
ter,” and alpa, “blood.”] Wateriness, or 
a poor state, of the blood: hydrohe'my. 
Hy-d ro-liii'in'ie, or Hy-dro- 
liein'ic. [Hydrolifem'lcus.] Be- 
longing to hydrohmmia, or an impover- 
ished condition of the blood. 
Hy-d ro-h.fV te-ra.* [From vitop, 
“water,” and vjripa, the “womb.”] The 
same as Hydrometra. 
Hy-drol'o-gy. [Hydrolo'gia; 
from vStop, “water,” and Aifyoy, a “dis- 
course.”] The science which treats of 
water, its properties, uses, etc. 
If y-dro-nia'iil-a.® [From vStop, 
“ water,” and pav'ta, “ madness.”] A rage 
for water. 
Hy'dro-mel. [Hydrom'eli; from 
vStop, “water,” and pe\t, “honey.”] Wa- 
ter impregnated with honey. 
Hy-dro-men-ln-gi'tis, id is.* 
[From vSptop, “dropsy,” and meningi’tis.\ 
Dropsy complicated with inflammation 
of the membranes of the brain. See 
Menixgitis. 
Hy-drom'e-ter. [Hydrom'e- 
triim: from vicop, “water,” and perpo./, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the specific gravity of fluids. 
See Areometer. 
Hy-dro-me'tra.* [From vSpto-p, 
“dropsy,” and purpa, the “womb.”] 
Dropsy of the uterus, or womb. A genus 
of the order Intumescentise, class Cachexise, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ily-drom'plia-Ion.s or Hy-drom'- 
plia-Inin. [From vSpwxp, “ dropsy,” and 
6fi<j>a\6i, the “navel.”] A tumor of th 
umbilicus, containing water. 
Hy-droii'e-phros,* or Ily-dronc 
phrus.* [From vSptotp, “dropsy,” am 
ytyfto;, the “kidney.”] Dropsy of th- 
kidney. 
Il.v-flro-ne-phro'sis.* The progres 
of hydronephrus. 
Hy-dron'o-sos,* or Hy-dron’o 
bus.* [From vdtop, “water,” and roroj 
“disease.”] Water-disease; dropsy. In 
correctly put for the Anglicus Sudor, o: 
sweating sickness. 
Hy-d ro-pat li' ic. [Hydropath'i 
eiis.J Belonging to hydropathy. 
Hy-drop'a-thy. [Hydropathi'a 
from v6o>p, “ water,” and ttados, “ disease.” 
A system of treating diseases by th< 
plentiful use, internal and external, of 
water, mostly cold or tepid. 
Hy-dro-pe-de'sis.* [From Hap. 
“water,” and Trrjdao), to “spring or rush 
forth.”] Excessive perspiration. 
Hy-dro-pel-tid'e-te.* [From Hy- 
dropel'tis, a name of one of the genera 
(from vStop, “water,” and irrXnj, a “kind 
of small shield,” because the leaves are 
shaped like a shield).] A synonym of a 
natural order of aquatic plants, called 
“Water-shields.” See Cabombaceas. 
Hy-dro-p£rI-ear'dI-um.® [From 
viptuip, “ dropsy,” and pericar’dium.] 
Dropsy of the pericardium. 
Hy-dro-p$r»l.to-nse'um.'* [From 
v6pcoip, “dropsy,” andperitonx’um.] The 
same as Ascites. 
Hy'dro-phane. [From viwp, “wa- 
ter,” and (paivopai, to “appear.”] A 
variety of opal which becomes transpa- 
rent, when immersed in pure water. 
Hy-(lro-phi-mo'sis.® [From iVop, 
“water,” and tpipums, a “constriction.”] 
Phimosis with, or consequent upon, 
oedema of the prepuce. 
Ily-dro-plio'bl-a.* [From wfap, 
“water,” and tpoieto, to “fear;” because a 
dread or horror of water is one of its 
symptoms.] (Fr. Rage, r&zh.) Mad- 
ness caused by the bite of a rabid dog, 
or other animal. A genus of the order 
Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. See Lyssa, and Babies. 
Hy-d ro-plsob' ic. [Hy d ropbob'- 
lens.) Bel rnging to hydrophobia. 
Hy-dropHi-tbal'iny. [Hydropb- 
tlial'mia: from viposp, “dropsy,” and 
dpdahpd;, the “ eye.”] Dropsy of the eye: 
also, anasarcous swelling of the eyelid; 
Oculus Elephantinus. 
Hydropliy llacoee,’ lii-dro-fil-la'- 
she-e. [From HydrophyVlum, one of the 
256 genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
plants, mostly natives of America. 
Hy-dro-phyl'le-us.® [From viaip, 
“water,” and tpvWov, a “leaf.”] Applied 
in the plural feminine (Hydrophyl' less) to 
a family of plants, having for their type 
the Hydrophyllum. 
Hy-dro-phys'o-eele.'* [From iiiaip, 
“water,” <pvaa, “flatus,” and <07X17, a 
“tumor.”] Hernia, the sac of which 
contains fluid and air. 
Hy-dro-phys-o-me’tra.* [From 
vitap, “water,” (pvtra, “flatus,” and perpa, 
the “womb.”] Accumulation of serum 
and gas in the womb. 
Hy'dro-pfiy te. [Hydroph'y ton ; 
from viaip, “ water,” and a “ plant.”] 
A plant which grows in water. 
lIy-dro-phy-tog''ra-ptiy. [Hy- 
drophytogra'phia; from hydroph'y - 
ton, a “hydrophyte,” and ypa<j><o, to 
“write.”] A description of Hydrophyla, 
or water-plants. 
[Hydro- 
phytolo'gfa; from hydroph'y ton, a 
“hydrophyte,” and Aoyos, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on water-plants. 
Ily-drop'ie. [Lat. Hydrop'icus; 
Fr. Hydropique, 6’dRo’p6k'.] Belonging 
to hydrops, or dropsy. 
Hydropisie. See Hydrops. 
Hy'dro-pueu'mo-tho'rax.® The 
complication of pneumo-thorax with 
dropsical effusion. 
Hy-dro-po-l'deS.* [From vipanfi, 
“dropsy,” and ciios, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling dropsy. 
Hy'drops,* gen. lly-dro'pis. [Gr. 
vipanp, from iHaip, “water;” Fr. Hydrapi- 
ne, 6'dRo’p£’z6'.] The dropsy. An un- 
natural 01 morbid collection of serous 
fluid in the cellular tissue, or in any of 
the cavities of the body. When this 
fluid is diffused through the entire cel- 
lular tissue of the body, the disease is 
termed General Dropsy, or Anasarca ; 
if contained in the abdomen, it is 
called Ascites; if in the head, Hydro- 
cephalus,—of which a notice will be 
found in their alphabetical places. 
Hy’drops Ar-tic'u-li.® Dropsy of 
a joint; generally occurring in that of 
the knee, in which the synovial mem- 
brane is filled with a fluid less glairy, 
and thinner, than the natural synovia. 
Hy'drops Sic'cus.® (“Dry Drop- 
sy.”) An absurd term for tympanites. 
Hydropyretus. See Hydronosus. 
Hy-dror'ehis.® [From viaip, “wa- 
ter,” and tifocii, a “testicle.”] Dropsy of 
the testicle. 
HYD 
IIy-<lror-rlia-4'lii'tis. idis,* or Hy. 
dror'rlia-cliis.* [From viaip, “ water,” 
and pix'S, the “vertebral column.”] 
Dropsy of the spine. A genus of the 
order Intumescentiee, class Cachexiee, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. See Rhachiochysis. 
Hy-dro-sar'ea.® [From viaip, “wa- 
ter,” and aapl, “flesh.”] The same a» 
Anasarca. 
Hy-dros'ta-sis.* [From viaip, “wa- 
ter,” and ordc-ij, a “standing.”] The 
equilibrium, weight, or pressure of wa- 
ter, or liquid bodies. 
Ily-dro-stat'io. [Hydrostat'icns; 
from viaip, “water,” and orarori/, the 
“science of weights.”] Belonging to 
the weight, pressure, or equilibrium of 
liquid bodies. 
Hydrostat'JcBed. Otherwise called 
a Water Bed. A kind of bed or trough, 
capable of holding water, and covered 
with water-proof cloth; or a bed-tick 
made of water-proof clofh and filled with 
water. The great advantage of such a. 
bed is that it presses equally on every 
part of the lower surface of the body; 
and it is always ready for use without 
being shaken up. 
Hydrostat'ic Test. The putting 
the lungs of a dead child in water, to 
ascertain, by their floating or sinking, 
whether it has been horn alive. 
Hy-dro-stat'ics. [l!jrt rest at'lea ; 
from the same.] That science which 
explains the properties of the equilibrium 
and pressure of liquids. 
Hy-d ro-siil'pliu-ret. [llydrosnl- 
ptiure'tum; from viaip, “water,” and 
sul'phur.] A combination of sulphu- 
retted hydrogen with a base. 
IZy-dro-siil-pliu'ric A$'id. Sul- 
phuretted hydrogen gas. 
Ily-dro-tho'rax, a'e?*.* [From 
viaip, “water,” and Oafa\, the “chest.”] 
(Fr. Hydropisie de Poitrine, d 
deh pw&'tR&i'.) Dropsy of the chest. 
A genus of the order Intumescentiee, class 
Cachexies, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Hydrous. Sec Hydrodes. 
Hydrovarium. See Hydroarit m. 
Hy-dro-zo'on,* Hy-dro-zo'um.* 
[From viaip, “water,” and (<oov, an “ani- 
mal.”] Applied in the plural (Hydro- 
zo'a) to certain animals, including the 
Mollusca and Zoophyta, to which water 
is indispensable. 
Hy'drii-ret. [Hydrure'him s from 
viaip, “water.”] A combination of hy- 
drogen with a metal, or inflammable 
substance. 
Hy-dra-ret'ted. [Hydra re't us; 
HYD 
257 IIYE 
HYO 
from W&>p. “water.”] Containing hydro- 
gen. 
Ily-c-to-gra'pld-a. ' [From ven5s, 
“rain,” and ypu$w, to “write.”] An 
account or description of rain, and the 
quantity fallen within a given period. 
My-e-toin'e-ter. [M yetoin'ctrum; 
from verds, “rain,” and pbpov, a “mea- 
sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
the quantity of rain that falls in a given 
period. 
Hy-fSfe'ia,® or Hy-&I-c'ia.:!' [Gr. 
'XyUta, “health;” also, the goddess of 
Health; from vyirj;, “ sound,” “ healthy.”] 
See Hygiene. 
Uly-jSfl-as’tl-ca.® [From hyyias'ticus, 
“relating to health.”] The science of 
health, its conditions and relations. 
lly-gl-as'li-cus.5 [From vyieia, 
“health.”] Relating to health. 
Ify.gi-ei •»■<•() ’ mi-u m.® [From 
vyieia, “ health,” and Kopeo), to “ take 
care of.” ] A house or residence for the 
convalescent. 
Hty'gl-ene. [From vyiaa, “health.”] 
That department of medicine which ha3 
for its direct object the preservation of 
health, or the prevention of disease. 
Hy-gi-cn'ic. [Lat. Ilygien'icus; 
Fr. Hy/ienique, 6'zhe-&'n6k'.] Belong- 
ing to hygiene. 
Ily-ifl-ol 'o-g-y, or Hy-fcool'o-gy. 
[ llygeiolo'g-ia, or ilygiciolo gia; 
from vyieia, “health,” and A<5yoj, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine or consideration 
of health; the science of health. 
11y-gre-die'ilia, atts.® [From vypo;, 
“moist,” and fixn, a “sound.”] The 
sound of fluid heard by means of the 
steth >scope, or by percussion. 
Hy-grol o-gy. [Hygrolc’gia; from 
vypii;, “ moist,” and Aoyo;, a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise on fluids, or humors. 
Ily-K'ro'naa, art's.* [From vypo;, 
“moist.”] A tumor containing scrum 
or other fluid, not pus. 
My -grom'a-tous. [ Hygromata 
sus.] Having hygroma. 
Hy.grom'c-ter, [Hygrom 
train; from vyp6;, “ moist,” and perpov, 
a “measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the degree of moisture in atmo- 
spheric air. 
My -gro-mrtt'ric. [Ilygromct'ri- 
cus.] Belonging to hygrometry. 
Ily-grom 'c-try. [llygroinet'ria; 
from vypo;, “moist,” and ptrpeoo, to “mea- 
sure.”] The art of measuring or ascer- 
taining the degree of moisture in atmo- 
spheric air. 
Ily'gro-scope. [From vypo;, “moist,” 
and (TKoneio, to “observe,” or “examine.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the de- 
gree of moisture in the air, or in any 
substance; nearly synonymous with Hy- 
grometer. 
Il.y-fjro-seo-pi^'I-tj1. [Hygroseo- 
ft'tig; from the same.] The 
property by which vegetable tissues ab- 
sorb or discharge moisture according to 
circumstances. 
lly-gros’co-py. [Ilyg'roseo'jiia; 
from the same.] Synonymous with IIy- 
GUOMETRY. 
Ily-logr-no'sI-R.* [From vXn, “ma- 
terial,” or “matter,” and yvbxns, “know- 
ledge.”] A knowledge of the properties 
of matter. 
[Ilylolo'gia ; from 
vXij, “ material,” or “ matter,” and A6yo;, 
a “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of matter. 
Ily'men,* gen. Hy'men-is. [From 
ipr/r, a “thin membrane.”] Any mem- 
brane. Usually applied to a thin mem- 
brane, of a circular, semilunar, or irregu- 
lar form, extending across the vagina nt 
its entrance. 
lly-mcn'I-cns.* Belonging to the 
hymen : hymen'ic. 
Hy-me-ni'tis, [From In/'men, 
a “ membrane.”] Inflammation of the 
hymen. 
iiy -me'nX-um.® [From hy'men, a 
“ membrane.”] The dilated exposed 
membrane of gymnocarpous mushrooms 
in which the seed is contained. 
Hy*me>nog'ra-phy. [Mymeno- 
gra'pDiia; from vpijr, a “membrane,” 
and yfi'vita, to “write.”] A description 
of the membranes of animal bodies. 
H.y-me-nol'o-gy. [fflyaienolo'- 
gia; from ipfj’, a “membrane,” and Xii- 
yo;, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
membranes; the science of the mem- 
branes.- 
Hy'me-no-ma-la'el-a,® (-ma-la'- 
shc-a). [From vp\\v, a “ membrane,” and 
pa\a<6;, “soft.”] Morbid softening of 
the (serous) membranes. 
Ily-me-nop'terHHis. [Kymenoj*'' 
torus; from ipqv, a “membrane,” and 
Tmp6t>, a " wing.”] Having membranous 
wings. Appliedin theneuterplural (Hyme- 
nop'te.ru) to an order of insects including 
the bee, the wasp, and also the ant. 
Hy-me-not 'o-my. [ Ifyinonoto'- 
mia: from vpov, a " membrane,” and rqnw, 
to “cut.”] Dissection of membranes. 
Hy '«-. A prefix denoting connection 
with the os hyoides. 
Hy-o-glos'sus.® [From hy'o-, and 
258 HYO 
HYP 
yXfiro-a. the “tongue.”] A large muscle 
of the neck, connecting the Os hyoides 
with the tongue. 
Hy'oid. [Hyoides; from v, a 
Greek letter,and ciios, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling the Greek letter a. 
Fo'li-um or I’o - 
H-a.® (“ Henbane Leaf or Leaves.”) The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
leaves of the Hyoscy'amus ni'yer. See 
Hyoscyamus. 
Hyosey'aiiii Se'men.® (“Henbane 
Seed.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the seed of the Hyoscy'amus 
ni'yer. 
liy-os-ey'a-niin. A vegetable al- 
kali obtained from Hyoscyamus niger. 
IXy-os-<;y'a-mus.* [From vs, a 
“sow,” and tvapos, a “bean.”] (Fr. Jus- 
quiame, zhiis'ke-flm'.) A Linnman genus 
of the class Pentandria, natural order 
Solanaceie. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name (Brit. Pharm.) for the fresh and 
dried stalk-leaves of Hyoscyamus niger; 
the Hyoscyami Folia et Semina (“ Leaves 
and Seeds of Hyoscyamus”) of the 
Dublin Pharmacopoeia. Hyoscyamus 
(including both leaves and seed) is 
a narcotic, and is much used as an 
anodyne and soporific. It possesses 
this great advantage over opium, that 
it has no tendency to constipate the 
bowels. 
Hyoscy'anms Xi'ger.® The black 
henbane. 
Hyp-. [From v-6, “under.”] A pre- 
fix denoting a slight degree. 
layp-al'gi-a.* [From hyp-, and a\- 
yos, “pain.”] Slight pain. 
Hyp-al's'I-cus.® Belonging to hyp- 
algia: hypal'gic. 
Hy per (imp). A Greek preposition 
signifying “above,” “beyond,” and, 
hence, “excessive” (i.e. implying excess); 
as, hyper-carbonate, a carbonate with an 
excess of carbonic acid, now called a bi- 
carbonate; hypercatharsis, excessive ca- 
tharsis or purging, etc. 
Hy-per-a-cu'sis.* [From imep, 
“over,” “excessive,” and moms, “hear- 
ing.”] Morbid exaltation of the sense 
of hearing. 
EIy']»er-ad e-no'ma, a tie.* [From 
imp, “over,” “excessive,” and dn,)v, a 
“gland.”] An enlarged, or hypertro- 
phied. gland. 
Hy per-ade-no'sis.* [From the 
same.] The progress, or gradual ad- 
vancing, of hyperadenoma. 
Ily-pcr-ae'mi-a.® [From imp, 
“over,” “excessive,” and alpa, “blood.”] 
(Fr. Hyperemie, Excess of 
blood in any part. 
Hy-per-ses-the'sls.® [From inip, 
“over,” “excessive,” and testhe'sis, 
“sensibility.”] Morbid increase of sensi- 
bility. 
Ily-per-ses-thet'l-cns.® Belonging 
to hypersesthesis : hyperesthet'ic. 
lly-per-a'pM-a.* [From imp, 
“over,” “excessive,” and atjirj, “touch,” 
or “tact.”] Over-tension, or excessive 
sensibility of touch. 
Hj-IKT-apIt i-cus.* Belonging to 
hyperaphia: hyperaph'ic. 
IIy-per-as-tl»e'nI-a.® [From imp, 
“over,” “excessive,” and asthe'nia, “loss 
of strength.”] Excessive debility. 
Hy-per-as-then'I-cns.* Belonging 
to hyper asthenia. 
Ily-per-ho'ro-an. [ITyperbo're- 
us; from inrlp, “above,” or “beyond,” 
and fiopeas, the “north wind.”] Dwell- 
ing in the far northern parts of the 
globe. 
Hy-per-ca-fhar'sis.® [From imp, 
“over,” or “excessive,” and <• athar'sis, 
“purgation.”] Excessive purging. 
Hy-per-cii-tliar'tl-cus.* Belonging 
to hypercatharsis: hypercathar'tic. 
My-per-el-ne'sis.* Increased irri- 
tability of the muscles, producing spasm. 
Hy-per’cri-sis.* A crisis of un- 
usual severity. 
Hy-per-ero'max, a'efs.* [From 
imp, “over,” “on,” and sp pa£, a “be: p 
of stones,” also a “lump.”] The small 
carnosity on the white of the eye. 
Hy-per-§y-e'ma, atis,* or Jly-per- 
$y-e'sis.® [From imp, “over,” “ex- 
cessive,” and Kvriaii, “uterine gestation.”] 
Superfcetation. 
Belonging to 
hypercyesis. 
IIy-j»er-«ly-ii:»'ini-a.s [From iirip, 
“over,” “excessive,” and dyna’mia, “ vital 
force.”] Excessive dyncimia, or vital 
force. 
Hy-per-tly-nam I-cns.* Belonging 
to hyperdynamia: hyperdynam'ic. 
Hy-per-em' e-sis.® [From imp, 
“over,” “ excessive,” and em'esis, “ vomit- 
ing.”] Excessive vomiting. 
lly’por-e-met'ic. [Ilyperemet't- 
cus.] Belonging to hyperemesis. 
Hyp£r£mie. See Hyperemia. 
[Xfyporonor'- 
gia; from imp, “over.” “excessive,” 
and evipysia, “ action.”] Increased action 
or energy. 
Hy-per-sge n'e-sis.® [From imep, 
“over,” “excessive,” and yeiuo, to “be 
259 born.”] A congenital excess, or redun- 
dancy of parts. 
My-per-ge-net'ic. [Uypergenet'- 
icus.] Belonging to hypergenesis. 
Ilyperhsemia. See Hyperemia. 
Ily-per-IiI-dro'sis.® [From lop's, 
“sweat.”] A term applied by Swediaur 
to morbidly profuse perspiration. It is 
also termed Ephidrosis. 
Ily-per l-ca. the plural of Hyper - 
icum. forming the Jussieuan name of a 
natural order of plants. See Hyperi- 
cace.e. 
Hypericacese,® hi-per-e-ka'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in nearly all parts of the world. 
It includes the Hyper'icum (St. Johns- 
wort). Some of the species are astrin- 
gent, and are used as tonics. 
Ily-per-I-no'sls.® [From imip, 
“over,” “excessive,” and if, iV<S$, the “fibre 
of flesh.”] A form of diseased blood, 
consisting in excess of fibrin. 
Ily-per-I-not'ic. [Hyperlnot'i- 
eus.] Belonging to hyperinosis. 
Ily-per-ner'vl-a,® Uy-por-ncu'- 
ri-si.® [From imip, “ over,” “ excessive,” 
and rciipov, a “nerve.”] Excessive ner- 
vous action. 
Hy-per-op'sl-a.® [From imip, “over,” 
and oipts, “vision."] Extremely acute 
vision. 
Hy -per-os'mi-a.® [From imip, 
“over,” “excessive,” and ooyn;, “odor.”] 
A keen sense of smell, or excessive odor. 
Hy -per-os-phre'sis.* [From imip, 
“over,” '‘excessive,” and omppi7<7<s, the 
“faculty of smelling.”] A morbidly 
acute sense of smell. See Hyperosmia. 
Ily-per-os-to'sis.® [From imip, 
“over,” or “excessive,” and dariov, a 
“bone.”] Enlargement of a bone, or its 
membranous covering. 
Hy -pe r-pla’si-a.® [From mip, 
“over,” “excessive,” and n\atns, “for- 
mation,” or “ structure.”] The increase 
of a part by an increase in the number 
of its individual structural elements. 
See Hypertrophy. 
Hy -per-troph'ic. [ Hy pert ropli ' . 
icus.] Belonging to hypertrophy. 
Hy-pcr'tro-pliy. [Hypertro'- 
pttia; from imip, “over,” or “excessive,” 
and rpi<iin, to “nourish.”] Excessive 
growth, thickening, or enlargement of 
any organ. In a more restricted sense, 
it signifies the increase of a part by the 
increase in bulk of its individual structu- 
ral elements. See Hyperplasia. 
Ily-pliu' ina. atis.* [From imi, “un- 
der,” and alpa, “blood.”] Sugillation. 
HYP 
Hjp-l-no'sis.* [From ini, “under,” 
implying deficiency, and is, iris, the “fibre 
of flesh.”] A form of diseased blood, 
consisting in deficiency of fibrin. 
I ly p-I-not' ic. [ H y pi not' ions.] 
Belonging to hypinosis. 
Hyp-iues-the'sis.* [From mvus> 
“sleep,” and aiaOnois, “sense,” or “feel- 
ing.”] Dulled sensibility; drowsi- 
ness. 
Myp'nl-cus.® [From imros, “sleep.”] 
Belonging to sleep: hypnic. Applied 
in the neuter plural (Hyp'nica) to medi- 
cines or agents affecting sleep, either by 
inducing it or preventing it. 
Hyp-no'defc.® [From vmvs, “sleep.”] 
Sleepy, or full of sleep. 
Ilyp-no'dl-a.* [From hypno’ des,\ 
“sleepy.”] The same as Hypnassthe- 
sis, which see. 
Ilyp-nol'o-gy. [Hypnolo'gfa; 
from mvos, “sleep,” and Adyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine or science of 
sleep, its proper periods of indulgence, 
duration, regulation, etc. 
Hyp-not'ic. [ 11.ypilot'lens; from 
imvos, “sleep.”] Having power to induce 
sleep; somniferous. 
llyp'no-ti&m. [lEypnotis'mus; 
from imvos, “ sleep.”] A term denoting a 
state of sleep; sometimes used for Mes- 
merism. 
II y p-no-ty [From wms, 
“sleep,” and ty'phus.] Typhus, with 
morbid drowsiness. 
Ily'po (imi). A Greek particle signi- 
fying “under,” “beneath,” sometimes 
“in,” or “behind.” It often implies 
diminution or deficiency. 
IIyp-o-:«‘ Uia Scor-lai (i-ciini. ' 
[From imo, “under,” “in,” or “within,” 
and alya, “blood.”] A scorbutic, blood- 
shot appearance of the eye. 
Il.Vlwi-liraneh'I-al. [Ifiypobran- 
cliia'lls; from imi, “under,” and Ppay- 
X‘a, the “gills.”] Applied by Owen to 
the homologues of the lateral lingual 
bones in fishes, etc. 
Ilypocalyciiis,® hip'o-ka-lish'e-us. 
[From vto, “under,” and ca'lyx.] Situ- 
ated under the calyx. 
Ilyp-o-ca-thar'sis.® [From imi, 
“under,” and kaBaipw, to “purge.”] A 
slight purging. 
11 y p-o-yhon '<1 r I -a, the plural of 
IIypociionbrium, which see. 
llyp-e-ehon'ilri-ac. [!Eypoelion- 
dri'acus; from ini, “under,” and X011- 
fp6>, a “cartilage.”] (Fr. Hypocondri- 
aqnc, £'po'k6N°'dR6'§,k'.) Belonging to 
the hypochondria, or spaces beneath the 
HYP 
260 IIYP 
HYP 
cartilages of the false ribs. Applied to 
one affected with hypochondriasis. 
IIy|H»-t hon-4iri a-<;isiii. [IIy po- 
eliomtriai'is inns; from hypo chon'dri- 
lling Hypochondriac disease. 
Iljp-o-chon-drifi-sfs.® [From 
hypochon'drium, the supposed seat of 
the disease.] (Fr. Hypocondrie, &'po'- 
Vapors; low spirits. A genus 
of the order Adynamiee, class Neuroses, 
of Cullen'S Nosology. Hypochondriasis 
is almost invariably connected with dys- 
pepsia, and is doubtless often produced 
by it; though some physiologists consider 
the seat of the disease to be in the brain. 
Ilyp-o-dion'clri-um,* plural Hyp- 
o-chon'<lri-a. [From vn6, “ under,” and 
Xoripdf, a “cartilage.”] The Rtgio hypo- 
chondriaca, or space beneath the carti- 
lages of the false ribs on either side. 
Hypocondrie. See Hypochon- 
driasis. 
I!jtp-o-cra-t$r'I-form. The same 
as Hypocratkri.morphocs. 
Hyp - o - era - t€r - I - mor' phous. 
[From vnoKparfipior, the “ support of a bowl 
or cup,” a “salver,” and poprjih, “form.”] 
Salver-shaped : applied to flowers. 
Hyp-o-der'inic. [Ilypodcr mi- 
ens ; from ino, “ under,” and teppa, the 
“skin.”] A term for the application of 
medicines under the skin; that is, to the 
denuded surface after the skin has been 
removed by a blister. 
[From in6, “under,” 
“in,” or “within,” and yaXa, “milk.”] 
The effusion of a milk-like fluid into the 
chambers of the eye. 
11y p-o-gas-1 ral gl-a.® [From hypo- 
gas'trium, and a\yoi, “pain.”] Pain in 
the hypogastrium. 
Hyp-o-sas'tric. [Hypogas'tri- 
cns.] Belonging to the hypogastrium. 
Ilypoyas'tric Flex'iis. A plexus 
on the sides and back part of the rec- 
tum, and lower and back part of the 
bladder, formed by the inferior mesen- 
teric plexus with the sacral. 
Hyp-o-sas-trl-o-to'ini-a.* [From 
hypogas'trium, and repvoi, to “cut.”] 
Dissection of the hypogastric region. 
Hyp-o-g-as-tri'tis, idis* [From in 6, 
“under,” and gastri'tis, “inflammation 
of the stomach.”] Slight inflammation 
of the stomach. 
11 y p-o-yas t r i-n in. [From ino, 
“under,” and yanrijp, the “stomach.”] 
The abdominal space above the pubes 
and below the line of the anterior supe- 
rior spinous processes of the iliac bones. 
Hyp-o-gas'tro-cele.* [From ino, 
“under,” yaortyp, the “stomach,” and 
Kf]\r], a “tumor.”] Hernia in the hypo- 
gastric region. 
II jp-o-gas-tror-rha'gi-a.* [From 
ivo, “under,” “in a slight degree,” 
and gastrorrha'yia.] Literally, a “ slight 
discharge [of any kind] from the sto- 
mach,” but usually applied to a slight 
haemorrhage from the stomach. 
HJ p-o-gas- ( ror-r hex ’is.® [From 
hypogas'trium, and a “ rupture.”] 
Rupture of the abdomen, with laceration 
of the peritonaeum. 
Ilj[wt-gas-(ror-i'li«“a.;: [From 
mo, “under,” “in a slight degree,” 
and yastrorrha'a, a “discharge from tho 
stomach.”] A slight flow of mucus from 
the stomach. 
llyp-o-ge'an. [Hypoge'ns; from 
mo, “ under,” and yh, or yea, the “ earth.”] 
Applied to cotyledons which, filled with 
nutritious matter, remain below the 
ground during germination. 
Hyp-o-ge-o-car'pns.® [From mo, 
“under,” yfj, or yea, the “earth,” and 
Kap7roj, “ fruit.”] Having fruit under the 
surface of the earth. 
llyp-o-glosNnl. [IIjjMtgltts'sns; 
from the same.] Situated on the under 
part of the tongue. 
Ilyp-o-Klos'sI-uni,* or Ilyp-o- 
glos'sis, idis.* [From in6, “under,” and 
y\<oo<ja, the “tongue.”] The under-sur- 
face of the tongue. See Par Nonum. 
llyp-o-Slot'tis, idis.% [From infi, 
“under,” and yAolrra, the “tongue.”] 
The inferior part of the tongue adhering 
to the lower jaw. 
Hyp-o-gyn'I-ciis.* [From in6, 
“under,” and ywfi, a “woman,” or “fe- 
male.”] Applied to the insertion of 
stamens, petals, etc., when the point of 
attachment is under the ovary: hypo- 
gynic. 
IIyp-o£'y-nous. [Hypo&'yiius; 
from the same.] Growing or inserted 
under the pistil, and free, as the stamens, 
calyx, and corolla of some plants. 
Ilyp-o-hae'mi-a.* [From ino, “un- 
der,” and alpa, “blood.”] Deficiency or 
loss of blood. 
Hyp-o-hsem'ic. [If ypolurnt'i- 
Cus,] Belonging to kypohsemia. 
Hyp-o -ner'vl-n,* or 11 y p-o-nc it ' • 
rI-a.;R [From in6, “under,” and vci/ov, 
a “nerve.”] Morbidly slight, or dimin- 
ished, nervous power. 
Hy-po-ni'trlte. [Ily'poni'trSs, 
i'<«*.] A combination of hyponitrous 
acid with a base. 
Ilyp-o-pe-ta'le-us.® [From vn6, 
261 IIYP 
HYS 
“under,” and airaXov, a “petal.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural feminine (Hypopeta1 - 
lex) to dicotyledonous, polypetalous 
plants, in which the stamens are hyp- 
ogynous. 
lly-po-phos'phlte. [Iffypoplios'- 
pliis, i'tis.] A combination of hypo- 
phosphorous acid with a base. 
Elyp-o-pliy l'loiis. [ffffypophyl'- 
lus; from fed, “under,” and <pv\\ov, a 
“leaf.”] Growing on the lower side of 
a leaf. 
Myp-o'pji-um.* [From fed, “un- 
der,” and rtvov, “pus.”] An accumula- 
tion of a puriform fluid under the cornea, 
or in either chamber of the eye. 
Hyp-o-spa'UI-a.® [From fed, “un- 
der,” and aTxd)<j>, to “tap,” or “open”?] 
An unnatural perforation of the penis, 
the extremity of the urethra terminating 
on the under part of it. 
IIjrp-o-spa-di'n-sis.* [From hypo- 
spa'din.) The state of hypospadia. 
Iffyjs-o-sta-sts tn'e-tis. [From hy'po-, 
‘‘under,” and sta’men.\ Applied in the 
plural feminine {Hypostarnin’em) to dico- 
tyledonous, apetalous plants, in which 
the stamens arfe hypogynous. 
ffJyp-os' ta-sis.® [From mpia-rnyi, to 
“throw down.”] The subsidence of 
sediment in liquids, or of blood in the 
body after death, by gravitation of the 
fluids; but, more particularly, of the 
urine in health and disease. 
Iffjp-os-lheiu-a.® [From fed, 
“under,” and aQivos, “strength.”] A 
state of weakness, or a reduction of 
strength. 
Hyp-os-then 'ie. [If ypostben'i- 
chs.] Belonging to hyposthenia. 
Iffy-ffto-sul'pliate. [Iffyposnl'- 
plias, a’tis.] A combination of hypo- 
sulplmric acid with a base. 
Iffy-po-sul'phite. A combination 
of hyposulphurous acid with a base. 
Hy-lM»t'e-imse, or Iffy-poth'e- 
nnse. [Gr. Imordvovaa, the present par- 
ticiple feminine of vnordvw, to “ subtend.”] 
That side of a right-angled triangle 
which subtends the right angle. 
ff Sy ss-o-l y :n ’ pa-i« ie. [Hypotym- 
pau'iciis; from fed, “under,” and tym- 
pan’iciis, “tympanic.”] Applied by 
Owen to the inferior subdivision of the 
tympanic pedicle which supports the 
mandible in fishes. 
iffy -po-zo'l-cus»* [From fed, “un- 
der,” and an “animal.”] Applied 
to an order of rock formations, inferior 
to all those in which are found the traces 
of organic bodies. 
Hyp-sMo-i'deS.* [Prom V, “ upsi- 
lon,” a Greek letter, and ethos, a “form.”] 
The same as Hyoides. 
Iffy p-so-met' ri-cal. [ Iffy p*on i et- 
ricus.] Belonging to hypsometry. 
Iffyp-som'e-try. [ffflypsomet'ria; 
from in/'os, “height,” and perpico, to “mea- 
sure.”] The art of measuring the rela- 
tive height of a place, or of a portion of 
terrestrial ground. 
Hys'so-pin. [ ISyssopi na: from 
hysso'pus, the “hyssop-plant.”] A sali- 
fiable base, said to have been discovered 
in the hyssop. 
Iffys'te-ra.*- [Prom varipa, the 
“womb,” or “uterus.”] The uterus, or 
womb; also, the vulva. 
Iff ys-te-ral gic. [Ilysferal'gicns.] 
Belonging to hysteralgia. 
[Iffystteralgia; 
from varipa, the “womb,” and <1Ayo$, 
“pain.”] Pain in the womb, from 
whatever cause. 
Hys-te-ran'drl-ns.* [From varipa, 
the “ womb,” or “ ovary,” and dvpp, dvipiy, 
a “man,” or “male.”] Having stamens 
and ovary. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Hysteran' dria) to a class of a modified 
sexual system, which comprehends 
plants having more than ten stamens 
inserted in one ovary. 
Iffys-ter-a-tre'sl-iw* [From varipa, 
the “ womb,” and atre'sia, “occlusion.’ ] 
Occlusion of the womb, or an impervious 
condition of its opening. 
Hys-ter-el-co'sts.* [From varipa, 
the “ womb,” and I-Xk-oj, an “ ulcer.”] Ulcer- 
ation of the womb. 
uys -ter-em-phjr-se'ma, at is. * 
[From varipa, the “womb,” and emphy- 
se'ma, a “ windy swelling.”] The same 
as Physometra, or the presence of aik in 
the womb. 
Hys -te'rl-a.* [From haripa, the 
“womb.”] (Fr. Ifysterie, Hys- 
terics, attacking in paroxysms or fits, 
usually preceded by dejection, anxiety, 
tears, difficult breathing, sickness, and 
palpitation of the heart. Termed, also, 
Pas'sin hyster'ica (Fr. Passion hystirique, 
pi'se-is®' £s'td'r£k'). A genus of the 
order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen's 
Nosology. 
Hys-tfr i-ca!. Iffys-ter'le. [Hys- 
ter'lcus.] Belonging to hysteria. 
HysWrie. See Hysteria. 
lffys-te-ri'tSs, idig.* [From varipa, 
the “womb.”] Inflammation of the 
womb. A genus of the order Phlegma- 
six, class Pyrexia*, of Cullen’s Nosology- 
See Metritis, and Uteritis. 
262 HYS 
IAT 
Ilys'te-ro-carA'l-no'ma, Htis* 
[From varipa, the “ womb,” and carci- 
iio'ma, “cancer.”] Cancer of the womb. 
See Metrocarcinoma. 
IIyst»‘-ro-cata-lcp'sis.? [From 
varipa, the “ womb,” and catalep'sis, “ cata- 
lepsy.”] Cataleptic hysteria. 
[From iiaripa, the 
“womb,” and KpXri, a “tumor.”] Her- 
nia, in which the uterus, or womb, is 
protruded. 
Ilys-te-ro-col'I-ca.* [From varipa, 
the “womb,” and col'tea, “ colic.”] 
Pains in the womb, like those of colic: 
uterine colic.- 
Hys-te-r©-<lyn'I-su* [From iaripa, 
the “womb,” and devvr\, “pain.”] Pain 
of the womb. The same as IIyster- 
algia. 
Ilys tc-ruMlc'ina, atis.% [From 
iaripa, the “womb,” and cede’ma, a 
“swelling.”] Enlargement of the sub- 
stance of the womb. 
Ilys' tc-ro-li-thi'a-sis.® [From 
iaripa, the “ womb,” and lithi'asis, the 
“generation of calculus.”] The forma- 
tion of calculus in the womb. 
Hys-te-rol'i-tlms.* [From iaripa, 
the “womb,” and Xi'Oos, a “stone.”] 
Stone or calculus in the womb: a hys- 
tcrolith. 
Ilys-te-rol'o-sy. [Hysterolo'gia; 
from varipa, the “womb,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on the womb, 
its functions, etc. 
Sljfs'te-ro-mal-a-co'ma, a(w.® 
[From varipa, the “womb,” and pdXaKos, 
“soft.”] Softening of the womb. 
135s t(‘-ro-iual-iwo sis.:: The for- 
mation or progress of hysteromalacoma, 
or softening of the womb. 
IlyVte-ro-tina' nl-a.® [From iaripa, 
the “womb,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
Another term for Furor uterinus, or 
Nymphomania, which see. 
HyS-te»rom'e-ter. [Hysterom'e* 
trum; from varipa, the “womb,” and 
pirpov, a “ measure.”] An instrument or 
means of ascertaining the size of the 
uterus, or womb. 
tlys-te-ropli'y-tal. [From varipa, 
the “womb,” or “matrix,” and tpvror, a 
“plant.”] Living on a matrix either of 
dead or living organic matter. Applied 
to Fungi. 
[From the same.] 
A name for a fungus. 
IIys'te-r©r-rlia'£I-a.* [From iaripa, 
the “womb,” and pr.yvrpi, to “bui st forth.”] 
The same as Metrorrhagia. 
Hys te-ror-rliex'is.* [From varipa, 
the “womb,” and phi's, a “rupture.”] 
Rupture of the uterus, or womb. 
H#S 'tc-ror-rlicp'a.® [From varipa, 
the “ womb,” and (iio, to “ flow.”] The 
same as Metrorrhcea. 
tc-ro-setr'rhiis.* [From vari- 
pa, the “womb,” and axi/jos, a “hard tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, of 
the womb. 
Hys'te-ro-spas'mns.* [From vari- 
pa, the “womb,” and onaapds, a “convul- 
sion.”] of the uterus, or womb; 
also, hysterical spasm. 
Hys'te-ro-tcme. [Ilysterot'o- 
nius: from iaripa, the “womb,” and 
Ttp.co, to “cut.”] An instrument for 
dividing the neck of the womb. 
Jlys-te-rot'o-niy. [Kystoroto'- 
mia; from the same.] The Cecsarian 
operation, or cutting into the womb to 
extract the child, in cases where, from 
malformation, or other cause, natural 
delivery is impracticable. See Caesarean 
Operation. 
Ilystriasis. See Hystrioiasis. 
[From a 
“hedge-hog.”] A rare disease of the 
hairs, in which they stand erect like the 
spines or prickles of the hedge-hog. 
I. 
[Samatolo'g’ia; 
from lapa, a “remedy,” and Aoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] That branch of thera- 
peutics which treats of remedies. 
I-at-ra-lip'ti« Metis'od. [From 
ia'tro-, and d\tubw, to “ anoint.”] The 
application of medicines to the skin, 
aided by friction. 
I-a-trefj-so-lof£I-a.* [From iarptvw, 
to “cure,” and Afiyoj, a “discourse.”] A 
term applied to general therapeutics. 
I-a-tri'a.* [f?r. iarpcia: from iarpds, a 
“physician.”] The art of healing, or 
curing; also, a cure. 
latro-. A prefix signifying connec- 
tion with the healing art. 
J-rt-trol'o-£y. [Iatrolo'gla; from 
iatro-, and Xdyoj, a “discourse.”] A 
treatise on medicine, or on physicians; 
also, the science of medicine, or the heal- 
ing art. 
Iatropha. See Jatropiia. 
263 IAT 
ICT 
latrophatc. The same as Jatro- 
phate. 
-Ic. A terminal syllable, generally 
denoting that acid compound which has 
most oxygen,—as nitric, sulphuric, etc., 
which are thus distinguished from those 
ending in -ous, such as nitrous, sulphurous, 
etc., implying a smaller proportion of 
oxygen. 
Ice. See Glacies. 
Ice Poul'tlce. A bladder contain- 
ing pounded ice, to be applied to hernial 
tumors. 
Ice'land Moss. The Li'chen Islan'- 
diens, or Cetra'ria Islan'dica. 
Ice'land Spar. One of the purest 
varieties of calcareous spar, or crystal- 
lized carbonate of lime. 
I'ehor, o'ris.* [From ixr'>p, “serum,” 
or “pus.”] A thin aqueous and acrid 
discharge from a wound, sore, or diseased 
surface. 
Ieh-or-se'ml-a,* or Ieti-or-ha?'- 
ml-a.* [From ix />, “pus, or sanious 
fluid,” and alpa, “blood.”] A term de- 
noting the poisoning of the blood from 
the absorption of sanious matter. 
Ich-o-ro-i'deS.* [From ix'p, “serum,” 
or “pus,” and eicSoj, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling ichor, or pus. 
Ieli'o-rous. [Ichoro'sus; from 
i'ehor, “serum,” or “pus.”] Having 
ichor; of the nature of ichor. 
Icli-tliy-l'tcs.:? [From iyOiy, a “fish,” 
and Xido;, a “stone.”] The same as 
ICHTHYOLITE. 
Icli-tliy ius.® [From ixdvs, a “fish,” 
and ids, “poison.”] The same as Ich- 
thyotoxicum. 
I c li -1 liy-o-col'la.® [From ixdvs, a 
‘■'fish,” and *c<5AA«, “glue.”] Isinglass; 
fish-glue. The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the swimming bladder of 
the Acipenser Huso. 
1 «'li-t li y-otf' ra-phy. [Ictithyo- 
gra'pliia: from ixdvs, a “fish,” and 
ypdjKo, to “write.”] A description of 
fishes. 
Icli-thy-o-i'deS.* [From ixdvs, a 
“fish,” and t!<5o;, a “form.”] Resembling 
a fish; ichthyoid. 
Icli'tUy-o-lIte. [Iclitliyol'ites; 
from ixdvs, a “fish,” and XiOos, a “stone.”] 
Applied to petrified fish, or their fossil 
remains. 
Icli-t liy-o-lo£r'i-<*al. [Iclithyo- 
log'icus.] Belonging to Ichthyology. 
Icli-Uiy-ol'o-sy. [Ichtliyolo'sla; 
from ixdvs, a “fish,” and Xoyos, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the nature and 
habits of fishes; also, the science which 
treats of fishes, their classification, struc- 
ture, etc. 
Ich-thy-oph'a-Rons. [Iclithy- 
opli'ajgus; from ixdvs, a “fish,” and 
<pdyw, to “eat.”] Fish-eating; piscivo- 
rous. 
Icli-tliJ-e-saii riis.’ [From ixdvs, 
a “fish,” and aavpos, a “lizard.”] A ge- 
nus of extinct marine animals, which 
combined the characters of saurian rep- 
tiles and of fishes with some of the pe- 
culiarities of Cetaceous Mammalia. 
Ifh-thJ-o'sis.* [From ixOva, the 
“scale of a fish.”] A disease in which 
the skin becomes thickened, hard, and 
rough, with a tendency to scaliness; the 
fish-skin disease. 
Ich-ttiy-ot o-my. [Iclitliyoto'- 
mdm; from ixdvs, a ‘‘fish,” and repvw, to 
“cut.”] Dissection of fishes. 
Ich'tliy.o-tox'I-ciim.* [From ixdvs, 
a “fish,” and to\ikov, a “poison.”] A 
morbid and poisonous product sometimes 
found in fish. 
I-con-o-{graplt 'ic. [Iconograplt '- 
icus.] Belonging to Iconography. 
I-co-nog'ni-plij. [loonogra- 
pliia; from c'ikwv, an “image,” and 
ypa<lico, to “write.”] A description by 
images, or figures; or a description of 
pictures, statues, etc. 
I-co-san'«lrI-a.* [From cikom, “twen- 
ty,” and dvi'ip, a “man,” or “male.”] 
The twelfth Linnasan class of plants, in- 
cluding those which have twenty or 
more unconnected stamens inserted on 
the calyx. 
I-co-san'drI-ous, or I-co-san'- 
drous. [Icosan'drills; from the same.] 
Having twenty stamens or more. 
I'co-sl-gro'nus.® [From ciW<, “twen- 
ty,” and yom'a, an “angle.”] Having 
twenty angles. 
I'co-si-lie'dral. [Icosilie'drus.] 
Belonging to an icosihedron. 
Ieo-sl-lie'dron, or I'co-sa-tie'- 
<1 ron. [Icosihc’drum; from cixoat, 
“twenty,” and chpa, a “base.”] A solid 
figure bounded by twenty equilateral 
and equal triangles. 
I'co-sl-tet-ra-lie'dral. [Icositet- 
rahe'drus.] Belonging to an icositet- 
rahedron : twenty-four-sided. 
I'co-sl-tet-ra-lie'dron. [Icositet- 
ralie'drum; from cikom, “ twenty,” rkrpa, 
“four,” and 'iXpa, a “base.”] A solid 
figure of twenty-four equal sides, or 
faces. 
Ictfere. See Icterus. 
Ic-ter-ep-a-tl'tis. idis* [From tc'- 
terug, “jaundice,” and hepati’tis, “in- 
264 flammation of the liver.”] Hepatitis 
and jaundice, or icteric hepatitis. 
Ic-ter'lc. [leter'icus.] Belonging 
to icterus. 
Ioter-o'des.® [From ic'terus, “jaun- 
dice.”] Like jaundice, or having a 
yellow color resembling jaundice. Some- 
times applied to the yellow fever. 
Ic'ter-oid. [Ieteroi'des ; from ic'- 
terus, “jaundice,” and ciios, a “form.”] 
Resembling icterus. 
Ic*-ter-©pta'tlsi-sis.* [From ic'terus, 
“jaundice,” and phthis'is, “consump- 
tion.”] Tabes icterica, or phthisis with 
jaundice. 
Ic'ter-MS.* [Gr. bcrrpoj.] (Fr. Ictere, 
6k'teR', or Jaunisse, i.c. “yel- 
lowness.”) Jaundice,—characterized by 
yellowness of the skin and eyes. A genus 
of the order Tmpetigines, class Cachexix, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
le'ttis So'lis.* (“ Stroke of the Sun.”) 
The same as Coup de Soleil, which see. 
-Idee. A terminal employed (in imi- 
tation of the classical patronymic) to 
denote a family or group exhibiting 
some points of likeness to the type; as 
Leporidse, the family of the Lepus, or 
hare, etc. 
-Idtvns, or -Ideus. A terminal ap- 
plied to objects belonging to, or connected 
with, others, which are designated by 
terms ending in -end or -ides; as, Ary- 
teenoidseus, the muscle between or belong- 
ing to the Arytenoid (Arytenoides) carti- 
lage, etc. The terminations -ideus or 
-idteus are sometimes equivalent to -ides 
or -oid; thus, Ligamentum coracoideum 
is the same as Ligamentum coracoides 
(the “coracoid ligament”). 
-We. A terminal affixed to oxygen, 
chlorine, fluorine, and iodine, when com- 
bined with each other, or with simple 
combustibles, or metals, in proportions 
not forming an acid. 
I-de'al-iSm. [ Ideal is’mu s ; from 
iiia, an “idea,” a “thought.”] A sys- 
tem of metaphysics in which no real 
existence is attributed to any thing ex- 
cept to thought or mind. 
I-den'ti-ty. [Iden'titas, a 'tis; 
from i'dem, the “same.”] Absolute or 
essential sameness of two apparently 
different things, as, for example, that of 
the electric spark and lightning. 
[Ideojgra'phia; 
from icla, an “idea,” and ypiufuo, to 
“write.”] A description or definition 
of ideas. 
I-de-oI'o-£y. [I(lc<ilo'g:a; from 
iiia, an “idea,”andXAyo;, a “discourse.”] 
ICT 
The doctrine or science of thought or of 
the mind; the philosophy of the origin 
and development of ideas. 
-Wes. An affix of many words. See 
Oin. 
Idiocy. See Idiotism, and Amen- 
tia. 
Id'i-o-e-lec/tric. [From Uios, “one’s 
own,” “peculiar,” and elec'trie.] Lite- 
rally, “having electricity of its [or their] 
own.” A term applied to bodies, such as 
amber, resin, or glass, which, when 
rubbed, acquire electricity, without any 
communication with another electrified 
body. 
Id-I-o-path'ie. [Idiopaih'icus.] 
Relating to idiopathy; opposed to sym- 
jpathetic, or symptomatic. 
Id-I-op'a-thy. [Idiopathi'a; from 
t<5iof, “one’s own,” “peculiar,” or “pri- 
vate,” and 7ru0of, “affection,” or “disease.”] 
A disease arising spontaneously, not 
from another,- an affection the opposite 
of sympathy. 
Id-I-o-sy n 'cra-sjL [ Idlosyncra'- 
sia; from iiiof, “one’s own,” “peculiar,” 
or “private,” and ovyuptuns, a “mixing 
or tempering together,” and, hence, 
“temperament,” or “ constitution.”] The 
disposition or habit of body peculiar to 
an individual. 
Id-I-o-syn-crat'ic. [Idiosyncrat'- 
icus.] Belonging to idiosyncrasy. 
Id'I-ot. [Wio'ta; from iiuorris, 
“private,” because unfit for intercourse 
with the world.] One who is silly, cr 
without understanding; a fool. 
Id-I-o-ti'a.* [Gr. idnora'a.] Lite- 
rally, “a state of privacy or obscurity.” 
A state of idiotism. See Idiot. 
W-i-ot'ic. [Idiot'icns.] Like an 
idiot. 
Ill 'T-o-1 ism. [Idiot is’imiN; from 
iii-irrii, “private.”] The state or con- 
dition of an idiot; idiocy. 
W'ri-a-lin. [Idriali'na.] A fos- 
sil, fatty substance, found in mercury- 
mines. 
Idrosis. See Hidrosis. 
If, &f. The French term for the 
“yew.” Sec Taxtts. 
Ig-a-su'rl-a.* [See next article.] An 
alkaloid found in the different species of 
Strychnos. 
Sjg-a-su'rlc. flgasn'rlcns; said to 
be derived from Igasur, the Malay name 
for St. Ignatius’s bean.] Of or belong- 
ing to the Faha Sancti Ignatii (the seed 
of the Strychnos Tgnatia). 
Igasu'ric [Is’asu'ricum 
An acid, somewhat resem- 
IGA 
265 IGN 
IMA 
bling the malic, existing in the Stryeh- 
1108 Ignatia and Nux vomica. 
Igiialin,'1' ig-na'she-a. Bean of St. 
Ignatius. The name applied to the seed 
of the Strychnos Ignatia. It has been 
placed on the primary list of the Materia 
Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
1800. Its medical properties are essen- 
tially the same as those of Nux vomica. 
Ignes Fatui. See Ignis Fatuus. 
Ijg'nis.* Fire ; the evolution of light 
and heat which attends combustion. 
Ijg'nisAc-tu-a'lis.* (“ActualFire.”) 
See Actual Cautery. 
Ignis Fat'u-us. plural Ig-'nes 
Fat'u-i. (“Vain or Foolish Fire;” 
so called, probably, because it makes 
fools of those who pursue it.) The lumi- 
nous appearance of flame frequently seen 
in the night in marshy places, and popu- 
larly called Jack with the lantern, or 
Will o’ the Wisp. It is produced by 
phosphorus evolved from decaying vege- 
table matter. 
Ignis Potcntia'Iis,* po-ten-she-a'- 
lis. (“Potential Fire.”) A name for the 
potential cautery. 
Ig-'nisSa'cer.* (“SacredFire.”) The 
same as Erysipelas, which see. 
iK'nisSanc'ti Ail-to'nl-i.® (“Saint 
Anthony’s Fire.”) A name for erysipelas. 
Ig'nis Vo-lat'i-cns.* Literally, 
“flying fire.” A term for erysipelas. 
Ig-n i't ion. [From ig'nis, “fire.”] 
The state of being heated so as to re- 
semble fire; in other words, so as to 
emit heat and light like a burning body. 
Ileac Passion. See Iliac Passion. 
Il-e-i'tis, i disN [From il'eum.] In- 
flammation of the ileum or ilium. 
Ileo-. A prefix denoting connection 
with, or relation to, the ileum or ilium. 
II'eo-Ca;'cal Valve. The inferior 
semilunar fold of mucous membrane 
which secures against any matter re-en- 
tering the ileum from the csecum. 
H'eo-Fol'lc Valve. The superior 
semilunar fold of mucous membrane 
which secures the ileum against regurgi- 
tation from the colon. 
Il'e-um,* or Il'I-nm.* [From riXem, 
to “turn about.”] The third or last 
portion of the small intestine, ending at 
the valve of the cxcum. 
Il'e-us.* [Gr. a’Aed;.] The same as 
Iliac Passion, which see. 
I'lex Aq-ni-fo'li-um.* (Fr. Houx, 
hoo.) The systematic name of the com- 
mon European holly, the leaves of which 
have been reputed as tonic, astringent, 
and antiseptic. 
III -a.* [The nominative plural of 
Vie; from a'Aaj, to “involve.”] The 
flanks, which enclose the small intestines; 
also, the small intestines themselves. 
M'i-ae. [Lat. Ili'aciss; Fr. Iliaque, 
6'16'S.k'.] Belonging to the flanks. 
Il iac Ar'te-ries. Ili'- 
acae.] These are termed the common 
iliac arteries immediately after they are 
given off by the aorta. They afterwards 
divide into the external iliac, and the 
internal iliac, or hypogastric, arteries. 
Il'iac Fos'sa. [Fos'sa Ili'aca.] A 
broad and shallow cavity at the upper 
part of the inner surface of the Os iliacum. 
It is also called the internal iliac fossa. 
Il'iac Fos'sa, Ex-fer'naL A fossa 
or depression on the external surface of 
the Os iliacum. 
Il iac Pas’sion. [Pas'sio Ili'aca; 
from tV'ia.] A disease characterized by 
scvciq griping pain, vomiting of fecal 
matter, and costiveness, with retraction 
and spasm of the abdominal muscles. 
Il'iac Region. The side of the ab- 
domen, between the ribs and hips. 
Iliacum Os. See Os Iliacum. 
Il-i-a-del'plius.* [From Vie, the 
“flank,” and aSt\<p6s, a “brother.”] Ap- 
plied to monsters which are double above 
and united at and below the pelvis. 
Iiiat|3ic. Sec Iliac. 
51'i-cin, or Il'I-cIne. [Ilici'na.] 
An active principle obtained from the 
ilex, and recommended as a febrifuge. 
Il'I-nm,® plural Il'I-a. The haunch- 
bone. The upper portion of the os inno- 
minatnm; in the foetus it is distinct from 
the other parts. See Ilia. 
Illacrymatio* (il-lak-rc-ma'she-o), 
o'nis; from iliac'rymo, illacryma'turn, to 
“weep greatly, or involuntarily.”] Ex- 
cessive involuntary weeping. Some- 
times synonymous with Epiphora. 
Illecebracese,* il-le-se-bra'she-e. 
[From Illece'brum, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in Europe and Africa. 
Il-lu'Mion. [Illu'sio, o'nis; from 
Mu'do, illu'sum, to “mock,” or “de- 
ceive.”] A deception, false appearance, 
or mockery ; a hallucination. 
Im. A Latin particle. See In. 
Im'a&e. [From ima'go, a “resem- 
blance,” “picture,” or “image.”] An 
idea; a picture of the imagination. In 
Optics, the spectrum or picture of an ob- 
ject, formed by the 'reflection or refrac- 
tion of the rays of light from its various 
points. Optical images form an essential 
part of the process or function of vision. 
266 I-ma'go,* gen. S-uiagT-iiis. [From 
im'itor, to “imitate,” or “copy.”] Lite- 
rally, an “image,” “picture,” or “por- 
trait.” Applied to the perfect insect, 
which has undergone all its metamor- 
phoses. The origin of this appellation 
would seem to be, that, as a portrait 
is not merely the first, rude outline of 
the artist, but the perfect elaboration of 
his idea; so, after the several prepara- 
tory stages of the egg, the larva, and 
the pupa (or chrysalis), the imago is the 
full and Anal elaboration of nature’s 
idea respecting the insect. 
Imbe-clle. [Iinbecil'lls; from in, 
“on,” and bac'ulus, a “staff.”] Feeble; 
weak; but generally applied to weak- 
ness of the mental faculties. 
Im-bibe'. [From in, “in,” and bi'bo, 
bib’iturn, to “drink.”] To drink in; to 
absorb. 
Im-bl-bi'tion. [Imbibi'tio, o'nis ; 
from the same.] The act of drinking in 
or sucking up moisture. 
Imbri-cute. [Iiubrica'tus; from 
im'brico, imbrica'tum, to “cover with 
tiles” (from im'brex, a “roof-tile”).] 
Having an appearance of tiles succes- 
sively overlapping each other. 
Im'bri-cat-ing’. [Im'brieans; from 
the same.] Applied to the folioles of a 
compound leaf, when, during the sleep 
of the plant, they apply themselves 
along the petiole, which they entirely 
conceal, covering each other like tiles on 
a house-top, directed from the base to 
the summit. 
Im'brI-ca-tive. [Imbrieati'vus; 
from the same.] See Imbricating. 
Im-mar'gi-nate. [Immargina'- 
tus; from in, priv., and mar'go, a “bor- 
der.”] Having no marked border. 
Im-me-<li-a'tus.* [From in, nega- 
tive, or privative, and me'dium, “some- 
thing between, or intervening.”] Lite- 
rally, “with nothing intervening.” (Fr. 
ImmSdiat, Am Ade-A.) Applied in Botany 
to the insertion of stamens when they are 
attached directly under the ovary, upon 
the calyx, or upon the pistil. 
Im-mersed'. [Immer'sus: from 
immer'go, immer'sum, to “plunge under, 
or into, water.”] Beneath the surface 
of water. 
Im-mo'Ml-is.* [From in, priv., and 
mo'veo, to “move.”] Applied to anthers 
wholly attached to the filament: iin- 
mov'able. 
Im-pae'ted. [Impac'tus; from 
■impin’go, impac'tum, to “drive, or dash 
against,” to “drive in.”] Used in refer- 
IMA 
ence to the head of the child when fixed 
in the pelvic cavity. 
Im'par, ar/a.* [From in, negative, 
and par, “equal.”] Odd, not even; un- 
equal. See Ganglion Impar. 
Im-par-I-ner-va tus.* [From im'- 
par, “unequal,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
Having unequal nervures: impariner'- 
vate. 
1111-p:ir-i-[><“]! ’nat[Iniparipen- 
na'tsss; from pen'na, a “feather,” or 
“quill.”] The same as Ijiparipinnate. 
Im-par-i-pin'nata. [Iinparipin- 
na'tus; from im'par, “unequal,” and 
pin'na, a “feather,” a “wing.”] Un- 
equally pinnate; having unequal leaves 
or folioles. 
Im-pen-e-t ra-liil I-ly. [Impeno 
trabil'itas, a 'tie; from in, negative, 
andpen'etro, to “pierce,” to “penetrate,” 
to “enter into.”] A property of matter, 
by which no portion of it can occupy 
the same place at the same time with 
another. 
Inn-per'feet. [Injperfec'tus; from 
in, negative, and perfi'cio, perfcc'tum, to 
“finish.”] Incomplete. Applied to flowers 
which want either anthers or pistils. 
Iin-per-fo-li-a'tus.* [From in, 
negative, and perfolia'tus, “pierced 
through the leaves.”] Having leaves 
that are not perfoliate. 
Im-per'fo-rate. [Imperforatus ; 
from in, negative, and per'foro, perfora'- 
tum, to “bore through.”] Abnormally 
occluded; applied to the anus, vagina, 
etc. 
Im-pe'ri-al. A cooling beverage 
prepared by mixing half an ounce each 
of cream of tartar and fresh lemon-peel, 
bruised, with four ounces of white sugar, 
and three pints of boiling water. 
igi-noiEN. [ Impel igino'- 
des, linpetifrinosus; from impeti'go.] 
Having impetigo. 
Ini-IM'-Ii go,® gen. Im-pe-tigT-nis. 
[From im'peto, to “invade.”] (Fr. Dar- 
tre, daRtR.) A skin-disease marked by 
small, irregularly circumscribed pus- 
tules, chiefly on the extremities, slightly 
elevated, and terminating in a laminated 
scab, unaccompanied by fever, and not 
contagious; humid or running tetter. 
Im-pe-ti-o-la'ris.® [From in, priv., 
and peli'olus, a “petiole.”] Having no 
petiole. 
5m-plan-ta'tus.* [From in, “in,” and 
plan'to,planta'turn, to “ set,” to “ plant.”] 
Applied to crystals attached by one of 
their ends to the walls of an excavation 
in a rock. 
IMP 
267 Im-pli-ca'tus.- [From in, “in,” or 
“into,” and pli'eo, plica'turn, to “fold,” 
or “ wrap.”] The same as Complicated, 
which see. 
Im-plu'vI-Am.* [From in, “upon,” 
and pin'via, “rain.”] A shower-bath. 
Im-pon-der-a-bil'I-ty. [Impon- 
dcrabil'itas, a'tis.] The quality of 
being imponderable. 
Bm-pon'dcr-it-ble. [Iinpondcra'- 
hilis: from in, negative, and pon'dero, to 
“ weigh.”] Incapable of being weighed. 
Applied to light, heat, electricity, mag- 
netism, etc. 
lm-pos'thume. [Probably a cor- 
ruption of aposte'ma.~\ Another term for 
an abscess. See Abscess. 
Im'po-tence, Im'po-tcn-cy. [Inn- 
poten'tia; from in, negative, andpas' - 
sum, to “be able.”] (Fr. Impuissance, 
aM'pw&'soNss'.) Weakness; want of 
power, especially of virile power. See 
Adynamia, Anaphrodisia, and Steril- 
ity. 
Im'po-tent. [Im'potens; from the 
same.] Incapable of procreating or im- 
pregnating. 
1 m-preg-na'i ion. [Impregna'- 
tio, o'nis; from the Low Latin im prey'no, 
impregna'turn, to “make fruitful,” to 
“make pregnant.”] The act of making, 
or state of being, pregnant; fecun- 
dation. 
Impregnation, Diseases affect- 
ing- the. See Carpoticus. 
Im-pu'ber, eris.* [From in, nega- 
tive, andpu'ber, “of ripe age.”] With- 
out hair on the pubes; not arrived at 
adult age. 
Impuissance. See Impotence. 
Im-pus-f u-la'tus.* [From in, nega- 
tive, andpu8tula'tus, “having pustules.”] 
Having no rod spots: impus'tulate. 
I'mus Ven'ter.* (“Lowest Belly.”) 
The lowest part of the abdomen, between 
the umbilicus and pudenda. 
In. A Latin particle signifying “in,” 
“within,” “into,” “on,” “against.” It 
is often negative, and sometimes inten- 
sive. Before b, m, and />, the n is changed 
to m: e.g., imbibe, instead of inbibe; 
immobiUs for inmobilis, impotent for in- 
potent, etc. 
Sn-se-Jlual-i-fo'lI-us.* [From inm- 
qua'lis, "unequal,” and /o' Hum, a 
“leaf.”] Having unequal leaves. 
In-al-bu-mi-na'tus.* [From in, 
priv., and albu'men.\ Applied to the 
embryo of plants not having albumen. 
In-an-a-gcn'e-sis.* [From If, i.u;. a 
“fibre,” and anagen'esis, “regenera- 
IMP 
tion.”] Muscular regeneration, or re- 
production of muscular fibre. 
In-ij-na|(h'I-sis." [From *s, irus, a 
“fibre,” and anaph'ysis, “renewed 
growth.”] Similar to Inanagenesis. 
In-;m-I'tiou. [Inani'tio, o'nig; 
from ina'nio, inani'tum, to “empty” (from 
ina'nis, “empty”).] Emptiness of the 
body, its viscera, or its vessels, from 
want of food; starvation. 
In-an-tlie-ra'tus.* [From in, priv., 
and anthe'ra, an “anther.”] Applied to 
the filaments of stamens when they do 
not bear anthers. 
In-an-ther-if'cr-ns.* [From in, 
priv., anthe'ra, an “anther,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] The same as Inantiiera- 
tus, which see. 
In-ap-pen-dic-u-la'tus.® [From 
in, priv., and aj)pen'di.r, an “addition.' ] 
Having no appendices. Applied mostly 
to plants. 
In-ap'pe-ten-cjL [Inappeten'tia; 
from in, negative, and ap'peto, to “de- 
sire.”] The same as Anorexia. A want 
or loss of appetite. 
In-ar-tie'u-late. [Inarticula'tus; 
from in, priv., and articula'tus, “articu- 
lated.”] Having no articulation : inar- 
ticulated. Also, not having distinct ut- 
terance. 
In-cal-y-ca't ns.* [From in, priv., 
and ea'lyx.\ Without a calyx. 
In } Incandescen'- 
tia; from incandes'co, to “grow very 
hot.”] The bright appearance presented 
by solids and liquids when heated to a 
sufficient degree. 
In-caiwlfs'tent. [IitcaiKles eens; 
from the same.] Applied to a body 
heated till its surface becomes white and 
brilliant. 
In-ca'ncus. [Inca'nus; from in, 
intensive, and ca'nus, “hoary.”] Hoary; 
covered with a white down. Applied to 
the stems, leaves, etc. of plants. 
In-can-ta'tioii. [From incan'to, in- 
canta'tnm, to “charm.”] A mode of 
curing disease by charms, etc. 
In-car'cer-at-cd. [Incarccra'tus; 
from in, “in,” and car'cer, a “prison.”] 
Applied to the portion of bowel or other 
substance confined by the stricture in 
strangulated hernia. 
Incarceration. See Strangula- 
tion. 
In-car-na’tion. [From in, “in,” or 
“upon,” and ca'ro, car'nis, “flesh.”] 
Growth of flesh or granulations. 
In-eor-nic'u-ltini.* [From incer'nc, 
to “sift,” or “strain.”] The pelvic, of 
IXC 
268 the kidney into which the urine is 
Strained from the papilla renis. 
In'cl-deuce. [Inciden'tia; from 
in'eido, to “fall upon.”] A term for the 
direction in which one body strikes upon 
another. 
Incidence, An'gle of. The angle 
formed by the line in which a body or 
ray of light moves, and the straight line 
perpendicular to the plane against which 
the body or ray strikes. 
Ineideiitia,* in-se-den'she-a. [From 
inci'do, to “cut in.”] A name formerly 
given to medicines which were supposed 
to consist of sharp particles, as acids and 
salts. 
In-cin-er-a'tion. [Incinera'tio, 
o'nis ; from incin'ero, incinera'tum, to 
“burn to ashes.”] The act of reducing 
animal or vegetable matter to ashes. 
In-cISed'. [Inci'sus.] Cut irregu- 
larly and sharply. Applied to leaves. 
Qn-ci&'lon. [Inei'sio, o'nis; from 
inci'do, inci'smn, to “cut into,” to “cut.”] 
The cutting into the integuments or flesh 
with an instrument. 
Iu-ci-si'vus.® [From the same.] 
Belonging to the incisor teeth. 
Iiwi'soiy® plural In-ci-so'reS. 
[From the same.] The four front teeth 
of both jaws which have sharp, cutting 
edges. ‘ 
In-cli-na' t ion. [Inclina'tlo, o' a is ; 
from incli'no, inclina'tum, to “bend 
down,” to “incline.”] The state of a 
body or vessel placed obliquely. The 
angle made by two planes or two lines, 
or by a plane and a line; or the angle 
which they would make if they were ex- 
tended until they met. 
In-com-pat'l-ble. [From in, nega- 
tive, and compa'tior, to “suffer to- 
gether.”] Literally, “that cannot be 
suffered (or allowed) together.” Applied 
to substances which act chemically on 
each other, and therefore cannot with 
propriety be prescribed together. 
In-com-plete'. [From in, negative, 
and com'ptleo, compile'turn, to “fulfil,” to 
“finish.”] A term applied to a flower 
which wants some one or more kinds of 
organs. 
In -com-pres-sl-bil 'i-ty. [In com- 
presslbil'itas, o'tis; from in, negative, 
and com'primo, compres'snm, to “press 
together.”] Incapability of being com- 
pressed. 
In-con tl-nenoe. [Isicontinen'- 
tia; from in, negative, end conti'neo, to 
“contain.”] Inability to retain the 
natural evacuations. 
INC 
In-cor-po-ra'tion. [Incorpora'- 
tio, o'nis; from in, “into,” and cor'pun, 
a “body.”] The mixing of particles of 
different bodies together so that they 
appear to be formed into one body, oi 
into a uniform substance. 
Incrassantia,* in-kras-san'she-a. 
[The neuter plural of incras'sans, the 
present participle of incras'so, incras- 
sa'tum, to “make thick.”] Applied to 
medicines supposed to have the j ewer of 
thickening the humors or the blood when 
too thin. 
In-crus-ta'tion. [Incrnsta'tio, 
o'Hi's; from incrus'to, inciusta'tvm, to 
“rough-cast,” to “incrust.”] The act 
or process of forming a crust. A crust 
or deposit of stony molecules on bodies 
plunged or habitually bathed in water 
charged with calcareous salts. 
Iii-cii-ha'tion. [Inc'ulia'tio, o’nix ; 
from in'eubo, incuba'tum, to “lie upon,” 
to “sit on,” as eggs.] The act or pro- 
cess by which most birds hatch their 
eggs. Also applied to the period between 
the implanting of a disease, or subjection 
to its causes, and its development. 
In'cu-fous.* [From in'cvbo, to “lie 
or sit upon.”] (Fr. Cauchemar, kosh'- 
maR'.) The night-mare. SeeEpmALTES. 
In'culnis (vij-e- 
lan'she-um). See Day-Mare. 
Iii-4*iim'bent. [From incum'bo, to 
“lie or lean upon.”] Leaning or lying 
upon. Applied to anthers which lie on 
the inner side of the filaments, etc. 
In-eur'vate. [Incnrva’tus, In- 
cur' vus; from incur'vo, iucurra'tv.m, to 
“bend,” to “curve.”] Bent, or bowed, 
inwards; incurved. 
In-ciir-vii'tion. [Inciirva't io, 
o' nis; from the same.] A bowing or 
bending. Applied to the back, etc. 
In'<*us.® gen. In-cu'dis. (Fr. En- 
elume, oN°'kliim'.) Literally, an “ anvil.” 
The largest of the ossicles of the internal 
ear; so named from its fancied resem- 
blance to a smith's anvil. 
Ind. =/n di'cs.* “ From day to day,” 
or “ daily.” 
In-dof'I-nlte. [From in, negative, 
and defi'nio, defini'tum, to “limit,” to 
“define.”] Either uncertain in number 
or too many to be readily counted. Ap- 
plied to petals, stamens, etc. 
[Iitdehis'ceus; 
from in, negative, and dclns'co, to “gape 
open.”] Applied to a pericarp that dots 
not open spontaneously, when ripe. 
In'dex,*gen. In'dl-eis. [From in'di- 
co, to “point out,” to “show.”] Applied 
IXD 
269 IND 
INE 
to the fore-finger, because it is used for 
pointing. 
In'di-an Ar row-ltoot. The root 
of the Maranta armidinticca. 
In'dian torn. The Zea Mays, or 
maize-plant. 
In'dian Hemp. The Cannabis Indica. 
In'dian Pink. The Spigelia mari- 
landica. 
In'dian Rub'ber. A name for caout- 
chouc. 
In'dian TTo-foae'co. The Lobelia 
injlnta. 
In-di-a na Ra dix.® A name for 
Ipecacuanha. 
In-dI-«a'tion. [Indica'tio, o'nis ; 
from in'dico, indica'turn, to “point out.”] 
That which indicates or points out what 
ought to be done by the practitioner. 
In-dl-ca'tor, o'ris.* [From the 
same.] A muscle of the fore-finger. Also 
termed Extensor India's. See Index. 
In'dl-cns Jlor'bus.® (“Indian Dis- 
ease.”) A name for the venereal disease; 
so called because it was believed to have 
been first brought to Europe from the 
West Indies (or the neighboring coast of 
America) by the Spaniards. 
In-dig'en-uus. [Indig'enus; from 
in'du, for in, “in,” and ge'no, an ancient 
form of gig'no, to “beget,” to “produce.”] 
Native to a country; originally produced 
in a country or place. 
In-dl-ges'tion. [Indices'tio,o')n's; 
from in, negative, and dig’ero, diges'tum, 
to “set in order,” to “digest.”] The 
disease Dyspepsia. 
In-dig-i-ta'tion. [Indigita'tio, 
o'nis; from in, “ into,” and dig'itus, a 
“finger.”] The passing or thrusting of 
one part of the intestines into another; 
the part which enters being compared to 
a finger. See Intussusception. 
In-dig-na-Inin'dus.® [From indig'- 
nor, to “be indignant.”] Literally, 
“ angry.” A name given to the rectus 
externus (a muscle of the eye), from the 
expression of anger or scorn which the 
action of this muscle imparts. 
In'di-g'O. [A corruption of In'dico, 
the Portuguese and Spanish for “In- 
dian;” Latin In'dicum; so called be- 
cause it was originally procured exclu- 
sively from India.] A blue coloring 
matter extracted from the Indigofera 
tinctoria, the anil, or indigo-plant. 
In-dl-g'of'er-a An'il.® Another 
name for the Indigofera tinctoria. 
Indiffof'era Tinc-to'ri-a.® The 
plant which yields indigo. It belongs 
to the natural order Lnjnminosm. 
In-dl-gof'er-ns.* [From in'd!go, 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing, or pro- 
ducing, indigo. Applied to plants. 
In'da-K'o-late. [Indig'otas, 
A combination of indigotic acid with a 
base. 
In-dig'o-tiii. [Indigoti'na.] The 
coloring principle of indigo. 
In'do-Ies.* The natural disposition 
or character. 
In-diic'tioii. [Indiie'tia, «'nis; 
from indu'eo, indue'turn, to “lead into.”] 
The act or process of inferring or estab- 
lishing a general proposition from seve- 
ral particular ones; also, the proposition 
thus established. 
In-duc'tlve. [From the same.] Ca- 
pable of leading to; inferring, or per- 
suading by induction. 
In-du-mcn 'turn.* [From in'duo, to 
“put on,” to “cover.”] Any hairiness 
or downy covering of plants. 
In-dii'idi-catc. [From in, “in,” or 
“inwards,” and du'plico, duplica'tum, to 
“double.”] A term applied to valvate 
aestivation, in which the margins of the 
leaves are inflexed. 
In'dii-rate. [Indura'I its; from 
indu'ro, indura'tum, to “ harden.”] Mado 
hard; hardened. 
In-dii-ra'tioii. [Iiidura'tio,o'»»s/ 
from the same.] (Fr. Eiajurcissement, 
oN^diiR's&ss'mSN0'.) The state or process 
of hardening: the hardening of any part 
from the effect of disease. 
In-du-sl-a'tus.* Having an indu- 
siinn. 
lis-du'si-um.® [From in'duo, indu'- 
tnm, to “put on,” to “cover.”] The 
proper covering of the fruit-dots of 
ferns; any peculiar membranous cover- 
ing. Applied to the amnion, because it 
covers the foetus. 
In-du vi-al. [ Indiivia lis: from 
the same.] Applied to a calyx when it 
is persistent, and covers the fruit, as that 
of the Physalis alkekengi. 
In-du'vl-ate. [Iiiduvia'tus; from 
the same.] Applied to fruit that is cov- 
ered by induvia. 
In-du'vl-um,® plural Iiwlu'vl-a. 
[From in'duo, to “cover.”] Applied to the 
whole perianth, or every accessory part 
of the flower which persists and covers 
the fruit, after maturity of the ovary. 
Bn-ein'bry-o-iiate. [Ineisibryo- 
lia'tus: from in, negative, and em'bryo.] 
Having no embryo, germ, or oovenlnm. 
In-e-qui-lat'er-al. [ I nu-quilut 
eras; from in, negative, or priv.. rc.'gnus, 
“equal,” and la'tus, a “side.”] Having 
270 unequal sides, as the leaves of certain 
plants. 
In-er'mis.* [From in, priv., and 
ar'ma, “arms.”] Without spines, or 
prickles; unarmed. 
Inertia,* in-er'she-a. [From in'ers, 
“slothful.”] This term is used to de- 
note the principle or law of the material 
world that all bodies are absolutely 
passive or indifferent to a state of rest 
or motion, and would continue forever 
at rest, or persevere in the same uniform 
and rectilinear motion, unless disturbed 
by the action of some extrinsic force.— 
(Brande.) 
Inf. = In fit 'sum,® an “infusion;” 
also, Infun'deff “pour in.” 
In'fan-cy. [Lat. Infan 'tia; see 
Infant; Fr. Enfance, oN°'foNss'.] Early 
childhood, usually reckoned from birth 
to the seventh year. See .Etas. 
In fant. [Lat. In'fans; from in, 
negative, and fans, “speaking;” Fr. 
Enfant, oN°'foN°'.] Originally, a child so 
young as to bo unable to speak; now 
applied somewhat indefinitely to any 
young child. See Infancy. 
In-fan' tl-cide. [Infantici'cla; 
from in'fans, a “child,” or “infant,” and 
cm'do, to “kill.”] One who kills, mur- 
ders, or destroys an infant. 
Infan'ticide. [Infanticid'ium; 
from the same.] Child-murder, distin- 
guished into that which is perpetrated 
by omission, and that by commission. 
In-farc'tion. [Infarc'tio, o'nis ; 
from infar'cio, infare'tum, to “fill in.”] 
A sense of oppression, fulness, or stuff- 
ing of the chest. 
In-ffec'tion. [Infec'ti®, o'nis; from 
inji'cio, infee'turn, to “infect.”] The 
communication of a disease by per- 
sonal contact with the sick, or by means 
of effluvia arising from the body of the 
sick; contagion. 
Infecundity. See Sterility. 
In-fe'rl-or. A term applied to the 
ovary when the calyx is attached to it, 
or to the calyx when it is free. 
.Infe'rior I,ou-jf i-tii di-nal Si', 
nus. A vein of the dura, mater, run- 
ning along the lower margin of the 
falx cerebri. 
In'fc-ro-bran-chl-a'tus.* [From 
in'ferns, “beneath,” and bran'chi re, 
“gills.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
(Inferobranchia'ta) to an order of 
Mollusca Gasteropoda, having the bran- 
chiee on both sides of the body under the 
border of the mantle. 
In-firtrat-ed. [Iuliitrii'tus; from 
INE 
in, “into,” and fil'trum, a “strainer.”! 
Strained through; filtered. Applied to 
an organ or part in the state of filtration. 
In-fil-tra'tion. [ Iniiltra'tio. o'nix, 
from the same.] A straining of fluid sub- 
stances into the areolse or cellular tissue 
of a structure. 
[Infinitcs'i- 
mus; from in, negative, and finis, a 
“boundary.”] Infinitely small. 
Infirmary. See Hospital. 
In-flamcd'. [Inflamnia'tus; from 
inflam'mo, inflamma'turn, to “set on fire,” 
to “inflame.”] (Fr. Enflammi, oN°'flim'- 
m&'.) In a state of inflammation. 
In-flam'ma-ble. [Inflamma'- 
bills; from the same.] Applied to gases 
or substances that are easily set on 
fire. 
Inflammable Air. See Hydrogen. 
In-flam-ma'tion. [Inflamma'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] A state of dis- 
ease characterized by redness, pain, 
heat, and swelling, attended or not with 
fever; termed, also, Phlogosis. It is often 
expressed by the terminal -itin added to 
the name of the organ or part affected; 
as, bronchitis, inflammation of the bron- 
chia; tonsillitis, inflammation of the 
tonsils. See Phlegmasia, and Phlo- 
gosis. 
In-flam'ma-to-ry. [Infiamma- 
to'rius; from the same.] Belonging to 
inflammation; phlogistic. 
Inflam'matory Crust. The buffi/ 
coat of the blood. 
Inflam'matory Fe'ver. The state 
of fever called synocha. 
Inflatio. See Emphysema. 
In-flexed'. [Infiex'us; from in, 
“in,” or “inwards,” and flee'to, flex'ujn, 
to “bend.”] Abruptly bent or curved in- 
wards. 
[Infloreseen'- 
tia; from inflores'co, to “blossom.”] A 
mode of flowering; the arrangement of 
flowers on the stem or branch; the par- 
ticular manner of flowering. 
In-flu-en'sKa. An Italian word sig- 
nifying “influence;” because the disease 
seems to reside in, or bo dependent upon, 
some atmospheric influence. (Fr. Grippe, 
gR&p or gRipp.) An epidemic disease 
characterized by the suddenness of its 
attack, general depression, great heavi- 
ness over the eyes, and by a peculiarly 
distressing fever. 
In-frn-niax-il-la'ris.* [From in’- 
fra, “beneath,” and maxil'la, the 
“jaw.”] Situated under the jaw: infra- 
max'illary. 
INF 
271 INF 
INF 
In-fra-or'bl-tstr, or In-frn-or'bl- 
tsi-ry. | Infraorbita'rius, or Iistra- 
orbita'ris; from in'fra, “beneath,” 
“below,” and or'bita, the “orbit.”J Situ- 
ated beneath the orbit of the eye. 
In-lVa-scaji'n-lar. [Inirascapii" 
la'ris; from in'fra, “ beneath,” “below,” 
and scap'nla, the “shoulder-blade.”] 
Below (he shoulder-blade. 
1Ji-frn-spi'nate. [Smfrasimia'tus; 
from in'fra, “beneath,” “below,” and 
spi'na, a “spine.”] Below a spinous 
process. 
In-fun-<lib'u-lai*, or In-fun-dib'- 
u-il-form. [Infundibulifor'mis; 
from infundib'ulum, a “funnel.”] Shaped 
like a funnel. 
Iii-fun-dib'u-lum,* plural In-fun* 
dib'u-la. [From infun'do, infu'sum, to 
“pour in.”] (Fr. Entonnoir, oNG'ton'- 
nw&ii'.) A funnel. Applied in the plu- 
ral to three small tubes in the kidney, 
of a funnel-like shape; also to the canal 
leading from the third ventricle of the 
brain to the pituitary gland. 
In-fu'sa,* the plural of Infusum, 
which see. 
In-fu'sion. [Iiilii'sio. «'nis, or 
Infu’sum: from in, “in,” or “upon,” 
and fun'do, fu'sum, to “pour.”] Lite- 
rally, a “pouring in or upon.” The 
act of steeping some substance in cold 
or hot water, for the purpose of obtain- 
ing a solution of its soluble principle; 
also, the name of such solution. See 
Infusum. 
Infusoria. See next article. 
In-fu-so'ri-us.* [From the same.] 
Belonging to infusions: infu'sory. Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Infuso'ria) to 
a class of Radiata, so extremely minute 
as to be invisible to the naked eye; 
found in infusions of various substances, 
and in stagnant water. See Animalcule. 
In-fu'sum.* [From the same.] 
An aqueous solution of vegetable sub- 
stances, obtained without the aid of 
ebullition. 
Infu sum An-gus-tur*.* (“In- 
fusion of Angustura.”) Take of Angus- 
tura, in moderately coarse powder, half 
a troyounco; water, a sufficient quan- 
tity. Moisten the powder with two flui- 
drachms of water, pack it firmly in a 
conical percolator, and gradually pour 
water upon it, until the filtered liquid 
measures a pint. This infusion may 
also be prepared by macerating the An- 
gustura in a pint of boiling water, for 
two hours, in a covered vessel, and 
straining. 
Infu'sum An-1hcin'I-<lis.* (“In- 
fusion of Chamomile.”) Take of cham- 
omile, half a troyounce; boiling water, 
a pint. Macerate for ten minutes in a 
covered vessel, and strain. 
Inlii'sum ♦’a-lcisej'bay* or Infu - 
sis an Clo-lom'bse* (U.S. Ph., 1850). 
(•‘Infusion of Columbo.”) Prepared in 
the same manner as the Infusum An- 
gustuRjE, only substituting Columbo for 
Angustura. 
Cai>'sl-?i.* (“Infusion 
of Capsicum.”) Take of capsicum, in 
coarse powder, half a troyounce; boiling 
water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
in a covered vessel, and strain. 
Baitil siceii Cftr-y-o-pkyl'li.® (“In- 
fusion of Cloves.”) Take of cloves, 
bruised, one hundred and twenty grains; 
boiling water, a pint. Macerate for two 
hours in a covered vessel, and strain. 
0 u-fu sum Cin-clio'me Fla'vse.* 
(“Infusion of Yellow Cinchona.”) Take 
of yellow cinchona, in moderately tine 
powder, a troyounce; aromatic sulphuric 
acid, a fluidrachm; water, a sufficient 
quantity. Mix the acid with a pint of 
water; then moisten the powder with 
half a fluidounco of the mixture, and, 
having packed it firmly in a conical 
glass percolator, gradually pour upon it 
the remainder of the mixture, and after- 
wards water, until the filtered liquid 
measures a pint. 
Infu'sum CincSio'nic Ru'bra*,® or 
Infu'sum CincHio'itw Cottt-pos'I- 
turn* (U.S. Pli., 1850). (“Infusion of 
Red Cinchona,” or “Compound Infusion 
of Cinchona.”) Prepared exactly as the 
preceding, only substituting the red for 
the yellow cinchona. 
Icilii'sit in Kig-l-ta'Hs.- (“Infu- 
sion of Digitalis.”) Take of digitalis, 
in coarse powder, sixty grains; tincturo 
of cinnamon, a fluidounce; boiling wa- 
ter, half a pint. Macerate the digitalis 
with the water for two hours in a cov- 
ered vessel, and struin; then add the 
tincture of cinnamon, and mix. 
Indii'siim Eu-pa-to'rl-i.® (“In- 
fusion of Thoroughwort.”) Take of 
thoroughwort, a troyounce; boiling 
water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
in a covered vessel, and strain. 
In-fu'suns CSemtia'mae (jen-she-a'- 
ne) Com-pos'btumA (“Compound 
Infusion of Gentian.”) Take of gen- 
tian, in moderately coarse powder, half 
a troyounce; bitter orange peel, in 
moderately coarse powder, coriander, in 
moderately coarse powder, each sixty 
272 INF 
INI 
grains; alcohol, two fluidounces; water, 
a sufficient quantity. Mix the alcohol 
with fourteen fluidounces of water, and, 
having moistened the mixed powders 
with three fluidraehms of the menstruum, 
pack them flrmly in a conical percolator, 
and gradually pour upon them, first the 
remainder of the menstruum, and after- 
wards water, until the filtered liquid 
measures a pint. 
Infusion Ju-nip'e-ri.® (“Infu- 
sion of Juniper.”) Take of juniper, 
bruised, a troy ounce; boiling water, a 
pint. Macerate for an hour in a cov- 
ered vessel, and strain. 
Infu'sum Pi'cis I.iq'ifl-ilH1.- (“ In- 
fusion of Liquid Pitch or Tar.”) Tar- 
water. Take of tar, a pint; water, four 
pints. Mix them, and shake the mixture 
frequently during twenty-four hours; 
then pour off the infusion, and filter 
through paper. 
Infu'sum I'ru'ni Vir-gin-I-a'iia1.* 
(“Infusion of Wild Cherry Bark.”) 
Take of wild cherry bark, in moderately 
coarse powder, half a troyounce; water, 
a sufficient quantity. Moisten the pow- 
der with six fluidraehms of water, let it 
stand for an hour, pack it gently in a 
conical glass percolator, and gradually 
pour water upon it, until the filtered 
liquid measures a pint. 
Infu'sum Huas'sire* (kwosh'e-e). 
(“Infusion of Quassia.”) Take of 
quassia, rasped, one hundred and twenty 
grains; water, a pint. Macerate for 
twelve hours in a covered vessel, and 
strain. 
Infu'sum Sen'n*.* (“ Infusion of 
Senna.”) Take of senna, a troyounce; 
coriander, bruised, sixty grains; boiling 
water, a pint. Macerate for an hour in 
a covered vessel, and strain. 
Infu'sum Ser-pen-ta'ri-*.* (“ In- 
fusion of Serpentaria, or Snake-root.”) 
Prepared in the same manner as the In- 
FtrsuM Angustcile, only substituting 
Serpentaria for Angustura. 
Infu'sum Spi-ge'H-fe.* (“Infu- 
sion of Spigelia.”) Take of spigelia, 
half a troyounce; boiling water, a pint. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered 
vessel, and strain. 
Infu'sum Ta-rax'a-qi.® (“ Infu- 
sion of Dandelion.”) Take of dande- 
lion, bruised, two troyounces; boiling 
water, a pint. Macerate for two hours 
in a covered vessel, and strain. 
Infu'sum "Va-le-rl-a'me.* (“Infu- 
sion of Valerian.”) Prepared in the same 
manner as the Ixfusum AngusturjE. 
Infu'sum Zin-gib'e-ris.* (“In 
fusiun of Ginger.”) Take of ginger, 
bruised, half a troy ounce; boiling water, 
a pint. Macerate for two hours in a 
covered vessel, and strain. 
In-ges'tus.* [From in'gero, in gen' 
turn, to “carry in.”] Applied in the 
plural neuter (Inges'ta) to the aliments 
taken into the body by the mouth. 
Iii-glu'vl-es.* [Perhaps from in, 
“in,” and gu'la, the “throat.”] The 
craw, or crop, of birds. 
In-gras'sl-as, Wings of. Two por- 
tions of the symmetrical halves of the 
sphenoid bone, termed the large and 
small wings. 
In-grav-i-<la'tion. [Ingravida'* 
tio, o' nit; from in, intensive, and 
grav'ido, gravida'turn, to “impregnate.”] 
Impregnation ; being with young. 
In-gre'dI-cnt. [Ingre'dlens; from 
ingre'dior, to “enter in.”] Any sub- 
stance which enters into the composition 
of a compound body. 
In 'gueii.® gen. In ’gul-nis. The 
lower and lateral part of the abdo- 
men, just above the thigh; the groin. 
In'&ui-nal. [Inguina'lis; from 
in'guenJ) Belonging to the groin. 
Inguinal Canal, Inguinal King. 
See Spermatic Canal. 
Inguinal Hernia. See Bubono- 
cele. 
Inguinal IJg'a-ment. The same 
as Poufart’s Ligament, which see. 
Ingulatio (in-gu-la'she-o), o'nis.* 
[From in,“ into,” and gu'la, the “ throat.”] 
The introducing or putting any thing 
into the throat: ingula'tion. 
In-hab'I-tlve-ness. [From inhab'- 
ito, to “dwell in.”] A term used by 
phrenologists to indicate the propensity, 
observed to be much stronger in some 
men and some animals than in others, 
to remain in the place in which they 
have long resided; or to be attached to 
their home simply because they havo 
become accustomed to it. 
In-lia-ia tinn. [Inhala'tio, o'nis ; 
from inha'lo, inhala'tum, to “brealhe 
in.”] Originally, a drawing of the air 
into the lungs. Usually applied to the 
inspiring of medicated or poisonous 
fumes with the breath. 
In-haler. [From the same.] A 
name applied to an apparatus con- 
structed for the convenient inhalation 
of medicinal vapors; sometimes resorted 
to in pulmonary affections. 
In'X-ad. Applied the same as Inial, 
used adverbially. 
273 INI 
INS 
In'i-al. [From iviov, the “occiput.”] 
Belonging to the occiput; looking to the 
occiput. A term used by Dr. Barclay in 
reference to the aspects of the head. 
In-i'tis, idin.* [From is, is6s, “fibre.”] 
Inflammation of muscular fibre or sub- 
stance. Applied by Feuerstein to rheu- 
matism. 
Inj. cnem. = Injicia'tur en'ema.* 
‘•Let a clyster be given.” 
Inject. = Injec'tioJ* “An injection.” 
In-jec'tion. [Injec'tio, o'nis ; from 
inji'cio, injec'tuin, to “throw into.”] Any 
medicated liquor thrown into a natural 
or preternatural cavity by means of a 
syringe, or an injection-bag; when in- 
tended for the rectum, it is termed an 
enema, or clyster. In Anatomy, the 
term injection is applied to the filling of 
the vessels of any parf of the body with 
some bright or highly colored substance, 
in order to exhibit their form or number 
to better advantage. Thus, a mercurial 
injection is often used for the minute 
vessels or capillaries, as, from its perfect 
fluidity, it readily penetrates the smallest 
passages, while its metallic brilliancy 
enables the minutest vascular ramifica- 
tions to be clearly seen. But a resinous 
compound—colored red or blue, accord- 
ing as the design is to represent the 
arteries or veins—is, perhaps, most gene- 
rally used. 
In-Knees. A vulgar name for the 
deformity termed Genua valga. 
In-nate'. [From in, “in,” or “on,” 
and nas'eor, na'tus, to “be born.”] Lite- 
rally, “inborn,” or “produced upon.” 
Applied to anthers which are attached 
by their base to the apex of the filament. 
In-ner-va'tion. [Innerra'tio, 
o'nis ; from in, “ into,” or “ to,” and ner'- 
vus, a “nerve,” or “strength.”] That 
vital process by which nervous energy is 
communicated to any part. 
In-ner'vis.* [From in, priv., and 
ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Applied to cotyle- 
dons and leaves when the nervures, en- 
veloped by the parenchyma, are not 
seen externally, and seem not to exist. 
Innominate Artery. See Arteiiia 
Innominata. 
In-noin-i-na'tus.* [From in, priv., 
and no'men, a “name.”] Having no 
name; unnamed. 
In-nu-tri'tion. [Innutri'tfo, o'nis/ 
from in, priv., and nu'trio, nntri'tum, to 
“nourish.”] Want of nourishment. 
In-o-car'pus.® [From is, ivds, a 
“fibre,” and /cap?r<%, “fruit.”] Having 
fibrous fruit. 
In-o-ehon-dri'tis, idis.* [From if, 
isos, a “ lib re,” and xnsipos, a “carti- 
lage.”] Inflammation of tendons and 
cartilages. 
In-oc-u-la'tion. [Inocnlatio, 
o'nis; from inoc'ulo, inocula'turn, to 
“ingraft.”] The insertion of virus into 
any part of the body in order to com- 
municate a disease. 
liMi-gen'e-sis.* [From Is, isos, a 
“fibre,” and ymo, to “be born.”] The 
production of fibre. 
In-o'nia, at is* [From is, isos, a 
“fibre.”] A fibrous tumor. 
Inonction. A French term for In- 
unction, which see. 
In-o-pol'jr-pus.* [From if, isos, a 
“fibre,” and pol'ypus.\ A fibrous poly- 
pus. 
In-or-gan'ic. [Inorg-an'iens; from 
in, priv., and or'ganum, an “organ.”] 
Destitute of organs. Applied to minerals 
as distinguished from animals and vege- 
tables. 
In-os'cn-lat-ing'. [From in, “into,” 
and os'culum, a “little mouth.”] Open- 
ing into each other; anastomosing, as 
the tubes of some plants. See Inoscu- 
lation. 
In-os-cu-la'tion. [ Inoscula'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The junction or 
interunion of different branches of arte- 
ries, or veins, or extremities of arteries 
with the origins of veins. 
In. pulni. = hi pulmen'to.* “In 
gruel.” 
Inquest. See Inquisitio. 
In quest. Cor'o-ner’s. An inqui- 
sition appointed by a coroner in a case 
of sudden death, by summoning a jury 
to make inquiry upon examination of the 
body, respecting the cause of death, etc. 
In-quI-Sii'tion. [Inquisi'tio,o'nis; 
from inqui'rn, inquisi'tum, to “search 
into,” to “inquire.”] An inquiry or in- 
quest of jurors, in causes civil and crimi- 
nal, on proof made of the fact on either 
side, as in cases of the lunacy of crimi- 
nals, etc. 
In-sal-i-fs'ii-ble. [Insalifoab'ilis; 
from in, priv., and salifiab'ilis, “capa- 
ble of being formed into a salt.”] Ap- 
plied to oxides which are not acids, nor 
capable of neutralizing them. 
In-sal-i-va'tion. [Insali va 'tio, 
o'nis ; from in, “by,” and saliva'tio, a 
“filling with saliva.”] The process of 
mixing the saliva with the foorl in the 
act of mastication. 
In-sane'. [Insa'nus; from in, nega- 
tive, and su'nuts, “sane,” or “sound.”] 
274 IXS 
INT 
(Fr. Few, foo.) Mad; wanting intellect; 
deranged in mind. 
In-san'hty. [Insa'nia, Insaii'j- 
tas, tx'tis ; from the same.] (Fr. Folie, 
foie'.) Deranged intellect; madness or 
lunacy. 
Insatiable Appetite. See Bulimia. 
Insect. [See Inseutus.] A name 
applied to any small animal having the 
body deeply incised, or, so to speak, di- 
vided between the head and the belly; as 
the common fly, the bee, the ant, the 
locust, etc. 
In-sec'ta,® the plural of In-sec'tum, 
an “ insect.” 
In -sec-tif'er-us.® [From insec'tum, 
an “insect,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Ap- 
plied to amber (Succinum) when it con- 
tains insects imbedded in its substance. 
In-sec-tiv'or-ous. [Insect iv'or- 
us; from insec’ta, “insects,” and vo'ro, 
to “devour.”] Insect-devouring. Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Jnsectic’ora) 
to a family of Mammalia. 
In-sec-tol'o-gy. [ Inseotolo gia ; 
from insec'tum, an “insect,” and Adyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise upon insects. 
The same as Entomology. 
In-sec'tum.® [I.e. an'imal in- 
sec'tuni; an'imal, a “living creature,” 
and insec'tus, “cut in,” “incised.”] Lite- 
rally, an “incised animal.” A small ani- 
mal of a particular description. See In- 
sect. 
In-sec'tus.® [From in'seco, insec'- 
tum, to “cut into.”] Insec'ted. Applied 
in the plural neuter (insec'ta) to a class 
of Articnlata. See Insectum. 
In-ser'tion. [Inser’tio. o'nis ; from 
in'aero, inser'tum, to “implant,” or “in- 
sert,” to “ set in.”] The attachment of 
muscle to a bone; also, the entrance of 
a nerve into a muscle or organ. Also, 
the place or the mode of junction of 
leaves with the stem, etc. 
In-ses-so're£.® [From insi'deo, in- 
ses'sum, to “sit upon,” to “perch.”] 
“ Perchers.” A name applied some- 
what loosely to various orders or divisions 
of birds. C. Bonaparte includes under 
this term the Pas'sercs scanso'res and 
Acrip'itres. 
In'si-dens, en'tis ® [From insi'deo, 
to “sit upon.”] Sitt;ng upon; resting, 
or floating on, the surface. Applied for- 
merly to matters supernatant on the 
urine. 
In Si'tu® (abla tive of si'tus, “situa- 
tion”). In its natural position or situa- 
tion. 
In-so-la'tion. [Insola'tio, o'nis; 
from inso'lo, insola'tum, to “dry in the 
sun,” to “ expose to the sun.”] Exposure 
to the sun to promote the action of one 
substance upon another; blanching; 
bleaching. Exposure to the sun as a 
cause of disease. 
Insoluble, or Insolubility. See 
Solubility. 
Iii-som'iu-a.® [From in, priv., and 
som'nus, “sleep.”] Want of sleep; 
wakefulness. Sue Agrypnia, Pervigi- 
lium. 
In-spee'tion. [Inspee'tio, o'nis; 
from inspi'cio, inspec' turn, to “observe,” 
or “examine,” to “behold.”] Examina- 
tion by the eye. See Exploratio. 
In-spi>ra'tion. [Inspira'tio. o'nis; 
from in, “in,” and spi’ro, spira’tum, to 
“ breathe.”] The act of drawing in the 
breath. 
Inspissantia,* in-spis-san'she-a. 
[From in, intensive, and spis’so, spissn’- 
turn, to “ thicken.”] Agents which aug- 
ment the density of the plasma, or color- 
less portion of the blood. 
In'spis-sat-etf. [Inspissa'tus; from 
the same.] Made thick by evaporation 
of the thinner parts. Applied to vege- 
table juices. 
In'stinct. [Instiitc'tus; from in- 
sting’uo, iustinc’tum, to “move,” or “ex- 
cite.”] That power by which animals 
are moved, independently of instruction 
or experience, to perform such acts as 
are necessary for the preservation of the 
individual or the race. 
In'st ru-mcn t. [Inst rumen'turn; 
from in’struo, to “provide with,” or “fur- 
nish.”] Any mechanical appliance, tool, 
or agent used in manipulations or opera- 
tions. 
In-suf-fliVtion. [Iiisuftla'tiu,o'a w; 
from in, “into,” and sn/'Jlo, suffia’tum, to 
“blow.”] The act of blowing into any 
cavity, or hollow part, by mechanical 
means, or otherwise. 
!nsii-lat-e<l. [insiila tus: from 
in'aula, an “island.”] Surrounded by 
non-conductors. Also, in Entomology, 
applied to discoid areolse of the wing 
which are without connection with others. 
See Insulation. 
In-sn-la'tion. [lusula'tio. o'nis; 
from the same.] The state of being 
insulated, detached, or separated from 
surrounding bodies (as an island is de- 
tached or separated from the main land). 
Applied in electrical experiments to the 
state of a body surrounded by non- 
conductors. 
Iu'te-grant. [In'tegrans; from 
275 in'tegro, to “make whole,” to “complete” 
or “perfect;” hence, to constitute an 
essential part of any thing.] Applied to 
the atoms of simple bodies. Applied, 
also, to the smaller particles into which 
a mineral may be divided without its 
nature undergoing alteration. 
I ii -1 eg- ri - fol a - ai s.f [From in'teger, 
“entire,” and /o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
entire leaves. 
In-teg'u-ments. [From in'tego, to 
“cover.”] (Fr. Tegument, t&'gii'mbN0'.) 
The cuticle, rete mucosum, cutis, and adi- 
pose tissue, together forming the cover- 
ing of every part of the body except the 
nails, therefore termed common integu- 
ments. The covering of seeds, etc. See 
Tegument. 
Intellect, IMseascs affecting' the. 
See Phrenica. 
In-tense'. [Inten'sus; from in- 
ten'do, inten'sum, to “stretch,” or “put 
to the utmost stretch,” as the string of a 
harp or bow.] Literally, “kept on the 
stretch,” or “put to the utmost stretch:” 
thus, we say, “intense application.” 
Hence, the term signifies carried or raised 
to the highest degree. Applied to heat, 
cold, pain, etc. 
In-ter-ar-tlc'u-Iar. [Interarticu- 
la'ris; from in'ter, “between,” and ar- 
tic'ulus, a “joint.”] Situated between 
the joints. 
In-ter-cal'a-ry'. [Intercala'ris, 
Intercalating; from in'ter, “between,” 
and Gal (from the Sanscrit Kdla, “time”), 
an ancient root, signifying a “time,” or 
a “ portion of time”?] Applied to a day 
inserted in the calendar every fourth year, 
called leap-year. Applied also to any 
time between the paroxysms of periodical 
diseases. 
In-tcr-cel'ln-lar. [Intercellula'- 
ris; from in'ter, “ between,” and eel'lula, 
a “little cell.”] Between the cellules of 
animal or vegetable tissue. 
In-ter-cil'I-uni.* [Probably a con- 
traction of intersupercil'turn, “ between 
the eyebrows.”] The space between the 
eyebrows; the glabella. 
In-ter-cla-vic'n-lar. [Intercla- 
vicula'ris; from in'ter, “between,” 
and clanic'ula, the “collar-bone.”] Be- 
tween the clavicles. 
Iu-ter-cos'tal. [Intercosta'lis; 
from in'ter, “between,” and cos'ta, a 
“ rib.”] Between the ribs. 
In-ter-cur'rent. [Intercur'rens, 
cu'tis; from in'ter, “between,” and 
cur'ro, to “run.”] Occurring, or running, 
between. Applied to diseases which 
INT 
occur sporadically during the prevalence 
of epidemic or endemic diseases. 
In-ter'cus, [From in'ter, 
“between,” and cu'tis, the “skin.”] Be- 
tween the skin and flesh. Applied to 
dropsy of the cellular tissue. 
In-ter-cu-ta'ne-us.* [From the 
same.] The same as Subcutaneus. 
Iii-ter-fb-ll-a'ceons. [Interfolia'- 
ceiis; from in'ter, “between,” and fo'- 
Hum, a “leaf.”] Applied to flowers 
growing alternately between each couple 
of opposing leaves. 
In-t«r-lob'u-lar. [Interlobnla'- 
ris; from in'ter, “between,” and lob'u- 
lits, a “ little lobe.”] Between lobes, or 
lobules. 
In-ter-max ’il-la-ry. [Intermax- 
illa ris; from in'ter, “between,” and 
maxil'la, a “jaw.”] Applied to a small 
osseous piece between the maxillary 
bones. 
Iii-tcr-niKsion. [Intermis'sio, 
from intermit'to, to “leave off for 
a time,” to “discontinue.”] A tempo- 
rary cessation. Applied to fevers, etc. 
In-ter-imt'tent. [Intermit'tens, 
en'tie; from the same.] Applied to a dis- 
ease which disappears and returns again 
and again at regular or uncertain periods. 
Intermit'tcut Fe'ver. (Lat. Fe'» 
liris Intermit tons; Fr. Fievre in- 
termittente, fe-evR' aN°'teR'm&t'toNt'.) A 
generic term applied to all fevers in which 
the paroxysm intermits and returns.— 
usually at nearly regular intervals. Dr. 
Good employs An'etus (from aviriju, to 
“send or let back,” to “unstring” as a 
bow; hence, to “relax,” to “intermit”) 
as the systematic name of this genus, 
which includes three principal species, 
viz.: (1) Quotid'ian (quotidia'nus), the 
paroxysms of which return every day; 
(2) Tcr'tian (tertia'nus), in which the dis- 
ease returns every third day, that is, on 
alternate days; (3) Quar'tan(quarta'nus), 
in which it returns every fourth day, thus 
leaving two days between the paroxysms. 
A more particular notice of these differ- 
ent forms of intermittent will bo found 
under their alphabetical heads. To the 
above species may be added a fourth, 
termed Erratic (errat'icus), in which the 
fever occurs at irregular intervals. 
iM'ter-iimlc. [Iiiteriio'dlmn, or 
Iistemo'ilSmis; from in'ter, “between,” 
and no'due, a “joint.”] Applied to the 
phalanges of the hand, being between the 
joints formed by their united extremi- 
ties. In Botany, the space between two 
joints, or nodes, of a stem. 
INT 
276 INT 
IiB-ter-oe'n-lar. [Interocnla'ri$i; 
from in'ter, “between,” and oc'u/ua, the 
“eye.”] Between the eyes. 
Hij-ler-a-a»PB-'<*BB-ls»r. [iBiteroper- 
ciala'B’is.J Belonging to the interoper- 
culnin. 
In-ter-o-per'CBB-ltBm.* [From in'- 
ter, “between,” and oper'culuin, a “lid.”] 
A bony formation which, with the oper- 
culum and auboperculum, between which 
it lies, composes a sort of lid for the 
great opening of the gills of fishes. 
IiB-lPB--«s'se-«BBs. [Interos'mis; 
from in'ter, “between,” and os, a “bone.”] 
(Fr. Interoaaeux, aN°'teR’o'suh'.) Situated 
between bones. 
Interosseux. See Interosseous. 
In-ter-jci-ric-ta!. [iBBterparie- 
ta'lis; from in'ter, “between,” 
rietci'lia, “relating to a wall.”] Applied 
to a cranial bone between the parietal, 
frontal, and superior occipital bones in 
the Mammifera. 
In-ter-pet'I-o-lai*. [From in'ter, 
“ between,” and peti'oltia or pet'iolna, a 
“petiole.”] A term applied to stipules 
which are between two opposite leaves. 
I ii-t«‘r-pi«‘fi-ri-<M>s-ta’lis. [From 
in'ter, “between,” and coa'ta, a “rib.”] 
Applied to the internal intercostal mus- 
cles. 
Iii-tGr-pos-B-ti'viis.* [From in'ter, 
“between,” and po'no, poa'itum, to 
“place.”] That which is situated be- 
tween. 
IiB-ter-riip-te-I*iti-isa'tjis.*' [From 
interrup'tua, “interrupted,” and pinna'- 
tue, “pinnate.”] Intcrrupte lly-pinnate. 
Having small pinnate leaflets, intermixed 
with larger ones. 
iBB-ter-scap'Bi-Iar. [iBiterseapu- 
la'ris; from in'ter, “between,” and 
acap'ula, the “shoulder-blade.”] Be- 
tween the shoulder-blades. 
iBB-ter-see'tiOBi. [iBitei’sec'tio, 
o'nis; from in'ter, “between,” or 
“across”? and sec'tio, a “cutting.”] A 
“cutting across,” or crossing, of two lines 
or objects. See Chiasma. 
In-ter-spi'BBal. [Intpr*ia>iiin'Iis; 
from in'ter, “between,” and spi'na, a 
“spine.”] Between spines or spinous 
processes. 
IiB'ter-stice. [Intes-stl'tiBim; from 
in'ter, “between,” and sto, to “stand.”] 
The slight separation between organs, or 
parts of organs; the minute interval 
which separates the molecules of bodies. 
Sntmlitiiil. in-ter-stish'al. [Inter- 
stitia'lis; from the same.] Situated 
between; pertaining to interstices. 
INT 
Intersti'ti al Absorp'tion, also termed 
Inter'nal Absorp'tion. The absorption, 
in eases of abscess, of textures between 
the ey . t and the skin, by which the cyst 
gradually approaches the surface. Also 
applied to the process by which the effete 
materials of the various organs and 
tissue are removed. 
In-ier-traiis'verse, or Sn-tcr* 
tra5is-ver sa 1. [Interiransversa'- 
lis; from in'ter, “between,” and trana- 
ver'sus, “across.”] Between the trans* 
verse processes of the vertebras. 
g'ifn’s.® [From in'ter, 
“between,” and te'ro, tri'tnm, to “rub,” 
or “wear.”] An excoriation, or galling, 
of the skin about the anus, axilla, or 
other part of tho body, with inflamma- 
tion and moisture. 
In-ter-val'vJir, or In'ter-valved. 
[Inter valva'ris, or Interval'vis; 
from in'ter, “between,” and val'va, a 
“valve.”] Between valves. 
In-ter-ver'te-bral. [In ter verte- 
bra'las: from in'ter, “between,” and 
ver'tebra.] Between the vertebras. 
In-tes'ti-nal. [Intestinc&'lis; from 
intexti'nuin, an “intestine.”] (Fr. Ente- 
riqtte, fiu0't&'r&k'.) Belonging to the 
intestines. 
In-tes'tlne, orlntes'tines. [ Intes- 
ti'nnm, plural Intesti'na; from in'tus, 
“within.”] The long membranous tube 
continuing from the stomach to the anus, 
in the cavity of the abdomen; the bowels, 
or entrails. 
In-to-na'tion. [Intona'tio, o'nix; 
from in’tono, intona'tum, to “thunder.”] 
The same as Borborygmus. 
In-tor'tion, or I*i-tor'si«Bi. [Ibb- 
tor'tio or Intor'sao, o'nis; from intor'- 
queo, intor'tum or intor'sum, to “twist,” 
to “ twine.”] The phenomenon presented 
by certain plants twining their flexible 
stalks around others for support. 
In-tox-i-ea’tiwn. [Intoxlca'tio, 
o'uia; from in, “into,” and tox'icum, a 
“poison.”] Literally, the “infusing of 
poison into” the system. Applied to the 
effects of alcoholic liquors or narcotic 
substances used in excess; ebriety. See 
Temueentia. 
111-t ra-fo-li-iVeeoiis. [In t irnfoli- 
a'ceus; from in'tra, “within,” and fo'- 
lium, a “leaf.”] Situated within the 
leaf, or between the leaf and stem, as 
certain stipules. 
In-t rn-inar'&'I-iial. [iBBtramar- 
gina'lis; from in'tra, “within,” and 
mar'(jo, a “border.”] Situated within 
the margin. 
277 INT 
INV 
In-tra-ver'te-brat-ed. [Intra- 
vertcbra'tus; from in'tra, “within,” 
and vertebra'tus, “vertebrated,” or “hav- 
ing vertebra;.”] Applied to animals hav- 
ing their osseous system within the 
body. The same as vertebrated in its 
ordinary acceptation. 
Iii-tri-ca-tn'ra.S [From intri’eo, 
intrica'tum, to “entangle.”] An entan- 
gling or matting of the hair. See 
Plica. Also, the same as Chiasma. 
In-tro-llexed'. [From in'tro, “in- 
wards,” and flee’to, flex’uin, to “bend.”] 
Bent strongly inwards. 
In-tro'I-tus.® [From in'tro, “in- 
wards,” and e'o, i'tum, to “go.”] En- 
trance. Hence the term introitus (or 
apertura) pelvis superior is applied to the 
upper or abdominal strait of the pelvis. 
In-trorsc'. [Intror’sus.] Turned 
inwards, towards the axis or pistil, as 
some anthers. 
Introsnsceji!ion. See Intussus- 
ception, and Invagination. 
I n-1 [Intninesceii'- 
tia; from intumes'eo, to “swell.”] A 
swelling; an increase in volume of the 
tissue of any part or organ. Applied in 
the plural (bitiunescen'tise) to an order of 
the class Cachexia of Cullen’s Nosology. 
In-tus-sus-c ep' t Ion. [Intussus- 
cep'tio, o'nis; from in'tus, “within,” 
and suscip'io, suscep'tum, to “receive.”] 
The taking of nourishment into the in- 
terior as a principal part of the process of 
nutrition of plants and animals. Also, a 
condition in which a portion of intestine 
has passed, for some length, within an- 
other portion (as a small tube might slide 
into a larger one), thereby obstructing 
the passage of their contents, and caus- 
ing serious disease; indigitation; in- 
vagination. 
In'u-la.* [Corruption of Hele'nium.] 
A Linmean genus of the class Si/nge- 
nesix, natural order Asteracex of Bind- 
ley (or Compositx of Jussieu). Also, the 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. and Lond. 
Ph.) for the root of Inula helenium. 
In ula He-le'nl-um.* The plant 
elecampane. 
In'n-lin, or In'u-llne. [Inuli'ma.] 
A vegetable product discovered in the 
Inula helenium, or elecampane. 
In-unc'tion. [Immc'tio, o'nis; 
from in, “into,” “upon,” and un'guo, 
line'turn, to “anoint.”] (Fr. Onction, 
6Nk'se-6N°', or Inonction, An6.Nk'se-6N0'.) 
The act of rubbing in ointment, or simply 
of anointing. 
In-un'dat-ed. [Iniinda'tiut; from 
bum'do, inunda' turn, to “overflow.”] Ap- 
plied to plants which, in certain seasons, 
live under water. 
lii-uw'tion. [Inus'tio, o'nis; from 
in, “in,” and tdro, us'tum, to “burn.”] 
A term applied to the burning operation 
of the cautery. 
I 11-va“-i-ual ion. [Invag-ina'tio, 
o'nis; from invagi’no, invagina'turn, to 
“sheathe.”] Another term for Intus- 
susception. Also, an operation for 
hernia, in which, after reduction, the 
skin is thrust by the finger of the opera- 
tor into the canal, so as to form a cul de 
sac open externally, retained by means 
of sutures, etc., till inflammation and 
adhesion ensue, with the view of oblite- 
rating the canal. 
In'va-lid. j Inval idas: from in, 
negative, and val'idus, “strong.”] Ap- 
plied to those affected by sickness. 
Iii-va'slon. [ Inva'slo. o'nis ; from 
inva'do, inva'sum, to “invade,” to 
“seize.”] The first development of the 
phenomena of a disease; access. 
Iti-ver-iiii-iia'tion. [From in, 
'‘within,” and ver'mino, vermina'tum, to 
“have worms.”] The diseased condition 
caused by the presence of Entozo'a, or 
worms in the intestinal canal. 
I n-ver'te-brato. [Invertebra'- 
tus; from in, negative, and vertebra'tus, 
“vertebrated.”] Having no vertebra. 
Applied to animals in the plural neuter 
{Invertebra'ta), in contradistinction to 
the Vertebrata. 
In-vol'u-ccl. [Involuccl'luin; 
diminutive of involu'crum.J A second- 
ary or partial involucre. 
In-vo-lu'cral. [InvoIueraTis; 
from involu'crum, an “involucre.”] Be- 
longing to an involucre. 
In-vo-Iu'crsit-od. [Involucra'- 
tus; from the same.] Having involu- 
cres. 
Invo-lu-orc. [Involu'crum; from 
invol'vo, involu'turn, to “wrap up.”] A 
membrane covering any part. A set of 
bracts surrounding a flower-cluster, or a 
whorl of bracts situated at the base of 
an umbel or a capitulum. Sometimes it 
forms a kind of outer calyx to each 
flower, as in the Mallow. 
In-vo-lu 'crl-form. [Involucri- 
for'mis; from the same.] Resembling 
an involucre. 
39i'vo-lut-cd. [Iiivolu'tns: from 
m, “inward,” and vol'vo, coin'turn, to 
“roll.”] Rolled inwards. 
In-vo-lu-tl-lo'li-ouM. [ Iiivolfiti- 
lb'Iiutt; froir involu'tus, “folded in,” 
278 IOD 
IRI 
and /o'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having leaves 
folded inward from summit to base. 
lO-diUe. [I'oilas, a'ti's.] A com- 
bination of iodic acid with a base. 
I o-dilt-ed. [loda'tus; from io'di- 
nm, “iodine.”] Containing iodine. 
lode. See Iodinium. 
I-o'des.® [From log, “verdigris,” 
“poison.”] Full of verdigris. 
I-od'ic. [lod'icus; from io'dium, 
“iodine.”] Belonging to iodine. Ap- 
plied to an acid, also termed oxyodic. 
I-od'i-ca.* [The neuter plural of 
iod'icus: see Ionic.] A class of pharma- 
ceutical remedies, consisting of prepa- 
rations of iodine. 
I'o-tli*lc. [lod'idnm; from io'dium, 
“iodine.”] A combination of iodine 
with a simple body. 
lodina. See Iodinium. 
Iodine. See Iodinium. 
I-o-diii'i-ttni;® also written I-o'- 
di-uin,® I-od'i-na, and I-od'i-iium.* 
[From i'Arjs, “violet-colored.”] (Fr. 
lode, Aod'.) Iodine. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name of a simple body obtained 
from certain sea-weeds, and from sponge. 
Iodine operates as a general excitant of 
the vital actions, especially of the ab- 
sorbent and glandular systems. It is 
much employed as a remedy in scrofula, 
in nearly all the forms of this disease. 
In over-doses, it is an irritant poison. 
A serious objection to its extensive em- 
ployment as a medicine, arises from its 
operating very unequally on different 
persons. A dose which would act very 
moderately in a large majority of 
cases, will sometimes produce, in cer- 
tain constitutions, the most distress- 
ing symptoms, such as extreme restless- 
ness, nausea, palpitations, vomiting and 
purging, violent cramps, etc., attended 
with permanently injurious effects on the 
system. The physician should, there- 
fore, unless he is thoroughly acquainted 
with the idiosyncrasy of his patient, 
commence the use of this remedy with 
great caution; after observing its effects, 
he may gradually increase the dose, if 
it should seem advisable to do so. 
I'o-di&m. [Iotlis'mus; from io'- 
dium, “iodine.”] That derangement of 
the system produced by tho continued 
administration of. iodine. 
Iodintn. See Iodinium. 
[From io'dium, 
“iodine,” and for'myle.] A body analo- 
gous to formic acid when the oxygen is 
replaced by iodine. 
I-o-dog-no'sis." [From io'dium, 
“iodine,” and ytvdmKca, to “know.’’] A 
knowledge of the properties of iodine. 
I-o-dom'e-the.* [From io'dium, 
“ iodine,” and yidn, “ drunkenness.”] The 
nervous state induced by too free use of 
iodine. See Iodism. 
I-o-doph'lhl-sis.* [From io’dium, 
“iodine,” and phthis'is, a “wasting.”] 
Tabes, or wasting, caused by the abuse, 
or excessive use, of iodine. See Iodism. 
I'o-dons. [lodo'stts; from io'dium, 
“iodine.”] Belonging to iodine. 
plied to an acid. 
I-od'u-ret. [Iodurc'tum; from 
iodin'inm, “iodine.”] A combination 
of iodine with a simple body. 
I-on'tlius.® [From ’iovOog, “down.”] 
The down, or soft hair, which precedes 
the beard. Also, a pimple on the face, 
resembling, or identical with, Acne. 
I-op'ter-us.* [From iov, a “violet,” 
and TtTCfiov, a “wing.”] Having wings 
of a violet color: iop'terous. 
Sp-e-caou-an'lia.* (This word is 
used in South America to signify vomit- 
ing root.) A name given to several and 
very different species of plants. Tho 
Pharmaeopceial name || of the root of 
V phlie/is ipecacuanha, otherwise called 
the Tpccacuanhie Radix (“Boot of Ipe- 
cacuanha”). Ipecacuanha, in small doses, 
is a diaphoretic and expectorant, in largo 
doses it is an emetic. A moderate dose 
sometimes acts on the bowels. 
I-po-mxe'a.* [From bp, a “worm,” 
and byoiog, “like.”] A Linnman genus 
of the class Pentandria, natural order 
Con vo hulacese. 
Ipoisise'ii. Ja-la'pa,® lpomae'a 
Pur'ga.* Names for the jalap-plant. 
I-ral gi-a.® [From i’ris, and aXyog, 
“pain.”] Pain of the iris: iral'gy. 
Jr-i-an-kis tri-uin,® Ir-i-an-kis'- 
tron.® [From i’ris, and aysiarpov, a 
“fish-hook.”] An instrument, hook- 
shaped, used in the operation for artificial 
pupil by separation. 
Irldaee«e,*ir-e-da'she-e, orlr'I-deft.* 
A natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, including tho Iris, Crocus, and 
Gladiolus, which are prized for their 
beauty. Saffron is procured from the 
Crocus Sativa. 
Ir-I-dse'ml-a.* [From i’ris, ir’idis, 
the “iris,” and apt a, “blood.”] Haemor- 
rhage from the iris. 
IrMalgia. See Ibalgia. 
Ir-i-da'tio,o’nis* [From i’ris, ir'i- 
dis, tho “rainbow.”] The property of 
producing the appearance of the colors 
of the rainbow: irida'tion. 
279 IRI 
IHR 
Ir-i-daux-e'sis.® [From i'ris, and 
“increase.”] Thickening or 
growth of the iris, from exudation into 
its substance. 
Ir-I-«lee'to-mus.* [From i'ris, and 
ilcriprtj), to “ cut out.”] An instrument or 
kind of knife used for the operation of 
iridectomy: an iridee'toine. 
Ir-i-«lec'to-mjr. [Iridccto'mia; 
from the same.] The operation of re- 
moving or cutting out a portion of the 
iris. See Corectomia. 
Ir-i-dee-tro'pl-um.® [From i'ris, 
and ectro'pium, “eversion.”] Eversion 
of a portion of the iris: iridec'tropy. 
Ir-i-den-tro'pl-iini.® [From i'ris, 
and entro'pium, “inversion.”] Inversion 
of a portion of the iris. 
Ir-I-de-re'anl-a.® [From i'ris, and 
ipiipia, “ destitution,” “ deficiency.”] De- 
fect, or imperfect condition, of the iris. 
Irides,® fr'e-dez, the plural of I'ris, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
ral order of plants. See Iridaceao. 
Ir-i-d6sA*ent. [From i’ris, the “rain- 
bow.”] Applied to minerals exhibiting 
the colors of tho rainbow. 
I-rid'I-um.® [From i'ris, tho “ rain- 
bow.”] A metal named in allusion to 
the variety of colors exhibited by its 
solutions. It is extremely hard, and the 
most infusible of all known metals. 
Specific gravity, about 18.6. It was 
discovered in 1803, associated with tho 
ore of platinum. 
Ir'I-do-£el«v* [From i'ris, and sfiXri, 
a “tumor.”] Hernia, in which a portion 
of the iris is protruded. 
Ir'I-do-?I-me'sis.® [From i'ris, and 
Kivrjaif, “motion.”] The movement of 
the iris, its contraction and expansion. 
Ir'I-do-dl-al'y-sis.® [From i'ris, 
and SiaX'xrt;, a “ separation.”] The opera- 
tion for artificial pupil by separation. 
See CoREniALYSis. 
Ir'I-do-do-iie'sis.® [From i'ris, and 
iiorrjrris, an “agitation.”] Trembling or 
agitation of the iris. 
Irldomalacia,® ir'e-do-ma-la'she-a. 
[From i'ris, and paXaida, “softness.”] 
Softening of the iris. 
Ir-I-don'cus.® [From i'ris, and 
oyxuf, a “tumor.”] Tumor or swelling 
of the iris; a tumid iris. 
I-rld-o-pla'mi-a.® [From i'ris, and 
irXavao), to “wander.”] The same as 
Iridoboxesis, which see. 
Ir-1-tlot'o-m.v. [Iridoto'mia; from 
i'ris, and rt/ira, to “cut.”] The operation 
for artificial pupil by incision. See 
COREGTOMIA. 
Ir-I-dot'ro-mns.* [From i'ris, and 
rpdfios, a “trembling.”] The same as 
Iridodoxesis, which see. 
I'ris,® gen. Ir'i-dis. Originally, a 
“rainbow.” A delicate circular mem- 
brane of the eye, floating in the aqueous 
humor, suspended vertically behind the 
cornea, and perforated to form the pupil. 
It received its name from the variety of 
its colors. Also, the name of a plant. 
I'ris Flor-rn-ti'na.® (“Florentine 
Orris.”) The l,harmacopoeialname(U.S. 
Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Iris Floren- 
tina. 
I'ris Ver-slc'o-lor.® Blue Flag. 
The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the rhizoma of the Iris versicolor. 
Ir-i-sa'tion. [Irisa'tio, «'nis; from 
i'ris, the “ rainbow.”] The effect of de- 
composition of light by the prism, and 
observed in many bodies, shells, and in- 
sects, caused by the particular arrange- 
ment of the molecules on their surface, 
by fissures, etc. 
I'rish Moss. The Chondrus crispus. 
I-rit'I-cus.® Belonging to iritis: 
irit'ic. 
I-ri'tis.® Inflammation of the iris. 
I'ron. [Lat. Fer'rnm; Gr. oiiripo;; 
Fr. Fer, fen; Ger. Eisen, i'zcn.] The 
strongest, most common, and most use- 
ful of the metals. Some of its com- 
pounds afford medicines of great value. 
Combined with a small quantity of car- 
bon, thus forming steel, it possesses great 
hardness. Iron has the rare property of 
capability of being welded. Specific 
gravity, about 7.7. 
Iron Filings. See Ferri Ramexta. 
Iron Wire. See Ferri Filum. 
Ir-ra-di-a'tion. [Irradia'tio, o'n is; 
from irra'dio, irradia'tum, to “shine 
upon.”] The phenomenon of the appa- 
rent enlargement of a body strongly 
illuminated, as a fixed star, the image of 
which is never a point, but a disk having 
a sensible diameter. 
Ir-re-du'cl-ble. [From in, negative, 
and redu'co, reduc'tum, to “ reduce.”] 
(Fr. Irreductible, A term 
applied to fractures, luxations, hernia, 
etc., when they cannot be reduced. 
Irrfdnclible. See Irreducible. 
Ir-ri-ga'tion. [From ir'rigo, irri- 
ga'tum, to “water.”] The continual 
application of a lotion, by dropping water 
on an affected part. 
Ir-ri-ta-bil'I-ty. [Irritabil'itas, 
a'tis; from irri’to, irrita'tum, to “pro- 
voke,” to “excite.”] A property pecu- 
liar to muscular substance, by which it 
280 contracts on the application of a stimu- 
lus. 
Ir-rl-ta'tion. [From the same.] The 
excessive action of any stimulus, caus- 
ing a morbid increase in the circulation 
or sensibility. 
Ir'ri-ta-tlve Fe ver. That violent 
derangement of the system excited by 
great irritation, as from wounds, ulcers, 
etc. 
Is-a-del'pluis.'1- [From ho;, “equal,” 
and dic\(j>dg, a “brother.”] Having dia- 
delphous stamens forming two equal 
packets: isadel'phous. 
Is-an-tbc'rus.* [From loos, “ equal,” 
and anthe'ra, an “anther.”] Having 
anthers equal or alike: isanthe'rous. 
I-san'tHans.* [From ho;, “equal,” 
and a.'Oos, a “flower.”] Having the 
teguments of all their flowers alike: 
isan'thous. 
I-sa'tis Tinc-to'rl-a.* Woad. A 
plant from which an inferior kind of in- 
digo is procured. 
Is-chi-ad'ic. The same as Ischi- 
Atic, which see. 
Ischiadocele. See Ischiocele. 
Is-ciii'a-g-ra.® [From ioxhv, the 
“haunch,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Gout 
in the haunch. Also, Sciatica. 
Is-i'ht-al'g'e-a.® [From ioxhv, the 
“hip,” and uXyog, “pain.”] Is'chialgy. 
Pain in the ischium. 
isviii-as. adis* [From ioxhv, the 
“hip.”] Gout, or a rheumatic affection, 
of the hip-joint. 
Is-«tai-at'ic. [Ischiat'icus.] Be- 
longing to the ischium. 
Is-«IiI-a-ti'tis.* Inflammation of the 
Isehiatic nerve. 
Iscliiatocele. See Ischiocele. 
Is-vhi-d ra'sis.S" [From hxo>, to 
“suppress,” and tipis, “sweat.”] Defi- 
ciency, or suppression, of sweat, or of 
transpiration. 
Is-vhl-drot'I-cus.* Belonging to 
ischidrosis. 
Is'-eM-o-. [From ioxhv, the “hip.”] 
A prefix denoting connection with the 
ischium, or with the hip-joint. 
[From ioxhv, the 
“hip,” and kvM, a “tumor.”] Hernia 
at the ischiadic foramen. 
Ischium. See Ischium. 
Is'«M-o-neu-ral'£I-a.® [From is'- 
chinm, the “hip,” and neural'gin, “pain 
of a nerve.”] Isehiatic neuralgy; sci- 
atica. 
Is-ch I-oph' thl-sis.* [From is'chium, 
the “hip,” and tpdhts, a “wasting.”] 
laterally, “consumption, or wasting, of 
IRR 
the hip-joint.” Hip-joint disease. See 
Coxarum Morbus. 
Is'«hi-um.* [From hxts, the “ loin.”] 
(Fr. Os de I’cissiette, o d’lit'se'ett'.) The 
posterior and inferior bone of the pelvis, 
distinct and separate in the foetus or in- 
fant; or the corresponding part of the 
Os iunomina' turn in the adult. 
Is-cliu'rl-n.* [From hx<o, to “sup- 
press,” and ovpov, “urine.”] Retention 
or stoppage of the urine. A genus of 
the order Epischeses, class Locales, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Is-ehu-ri-oph-tliftl'mI-a.: [From 
ischu'ria, and ophthal'mia, “inflamma- 
tion of the eyes.”] Ophthalmy from 
suppression of the urine. 
I'sin-glass. [Probably a corruption 
of Hausenblase, how'zen-blii'zeh, or 
from hause, a “sturgeon,” 
and blase, a “bladder.”] Fish-glue, pre- 
pared chiefly from the air-bladder of the 
sturgeon. See Ichthyocolla. 
I-sovli'ro-nous, or I-sovhro-nal. 
[Isoch roilsts; from hog, “equal,” and 
Xptvog, “time.”] Enduring an equal 
space of time, or performed in equal 
times, as the vibrations of a pendulum. 
I-soiSt'ro-ns. [From ho;, “equal,” 
and xpoa, “color of the skin.”] Of uni- 
form color: isoch'roous. 
Is-o-cll'nal, Is-o-elin'I-csjl. [Iso- 
din'ious; from hog, “equal,” and k\u a>, 
to “incline.”] Of equal inclination. 
I-swl'ro-inus.* [From ho;, “equal,” 
and fyo/Ao;, a “course.”] Similar to 
Isochbonus, which see. 
Is-o-dy-nam'ic. ; Isodyn'amns; 
from ho;, “equal,” and Svvafits, “power.”] 
Having equal powers: isodyn'amous. 
Is-o-poii'ic. [Isngon'leus; from 
hos, “equal,” and ytovia, an “angle.”] 
Having equal angles. 
Is'o-lat-ed. [From the Italian isola, 
£'so-lil, an “island.”] The same as In- 
sulated, which see. 
Is-o-mer'ic. [From ho;, and pcpog, a 
“part.”] Composed of the same ele- 
ments in the same proportions, but 
chemically and physically different. 
I-som'cr-i&m. [Isonieris'mus; 
from the same.] The state of compounds 
that are isomeric. Identity in respect to 
the quality and quantity of the constitu- 
ents, with essential difference of chemical 
properties. 
Isoineriis. See Isomeric. 
Es-n-inor'pliisni. | Isomorpliis - 
mus.] The state or arrangement of 
bodies that are isomorphous. 
Is-o-mor'phous. [Isomor'phns; 
ISO 
281 ISO 
IVY 
from iito;, “equal,” and popfi, “form.”] 
Of the same form. Applied to substances 
which resemble each other in their crys- 
talline forms, but differ in their compo- 
nent parts. 
Is-o-patli'I-cus.* Belonging to Isop- 
athy : isopath'ic. 
I-sop'a-tCiy. [Isopattai'a; from 
hu;, “equal,” “exactly like,” or “the 
same,” and nado;, an “ affection,” or “ dis- 
ease.”] A branch of Homoeopathy which 
recommends the administration of virus 
as a remedy, in the same disease by 
which it is produced. Thus, it is said 
that small-pox may be cured by minute 
doses of variolous matter, etc. The dif- 
ference between Isopathy and Homoeopa- 
thy, as the latter is commonly under- 
stood, is indicated by the etymology of 
the terms. The one (Homoeopathy) aims 
to cure disease by inducing a condition 
of the system similar to that produced 
by the disease. The other (Isopathy) 
would combat disease by employing the 
same (that is, the disease itself) as a 
weapon. 
Is-o-pct'a-lous. [Isopct'alHS; from 
ho;, “equal,” and niraXor, a “petal.”] 
Having equal petals. 
I-sop'o-dous. [Isop'odua; from 
bo;, “equal,” and nov;, a “foot.”] Equal- 
footed. 
I-sos'cc-leS.® [From bo;, “equal,” 
and etdXo;, a “leg.”] Having equal legs, 
or sides. 
Is-o-ste'nio-nons. [Isoste'moBsis; 
from itu,-, “ equal,” and oTf\pwj, a “ sta- 
men.”] Having stamens equal to the 
number of petals. 
Is-o-ther'mal, or Is-o-tHiw'mous. 
[Isother'mus; from ho;, “ equal,” and 
(Hppi, “ heat.”] Of the same degree of 
heat; of the same temperature. In 
Physical Geography, isothermal lines are 
those passing on the surface of the earth 
through those points at which the mean 
annual temperature is the same. Iso- 
thermal zones are spaces on opposite 
sides of the equator, having the same 
mean temperature, and bounded by cor- 
responding isothermal lines. 
Is sue. [Lat. Foffltic'wlns; Fr. Fonti- 
cule, f6N°'tffkiir.] A small ulcer or sore 
produced by art, and kept open by insert- 
ing a pea or other small body, with a 
view to relieve irritation or morbid action 
in a neighboring part. See Revulsion. 
Isth'ml-cus.® [From isth'mus, a 
“neck,” or “narrowpassage.”] Belong- 
ing to the isthmus faucium, or to a neck 
of land. 
Isilc-iai't.is, id is.* [From isth'm us 
fau'cium.] Inflammation of the isthmus 
faucium. 
IstlBMKMles. See Isthmoides. 
IstSu-wio-d^n'!•».* [From isth'mus 
fau'cium, and dovrrj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the fauces. 
IstBi-ccto-j'rlus.* [From isth'musfau'- 
cium, and eiiog, a “form.”] Resembling 
the isthmus faucium: isth'moid. 
Isth-mio-pai-IEtlW* [From isth'mus 
fau'cium, and iraOo;, “ disease.”] Disease 
of the fauces. 
Ir-itlfo-nio-]i»Ie'gi-?n* [From isth'mus 
fau'cium, and irXrjy;?, a “ stroke.”] Para- 
lysis of the isthmus faucium. 
Isth-mop'y-ra.® [From isth'mus 
fau'cium, and uvp, “fire.”] Inflammation 
of-'tho fauces. 
Isth'mus.® [Or. hOpo;, a “neck.”] 
A term denoting a neck, or narrow pass- 
age; as, isthmus faucium, literally, “the 
narrow passage of the fauces.” 
Itch. See Scabies, Psora, and 
Psoriasis. 
-Ite. A terminal denoting a salt from 
a combination of an acid, the name of 
which ends in -ous. 
I'ter.* A passage of communication 
between two or more parts. 
I'ter ad Infuxoib'ulum.® (“ Passage 
to the Infundibulum.”) The passago of 
communication between the third ven- 
tricle of the brain and the infundibulum. 
It is also termed fora'men cummu'ne an- 
te'rius. 
I'ter a Pala'to ad Au'rem.® (“ Pass- 
age from the Palate to the Ear.”) The 
Eustachian tube. 
I'ter a Ter'tio ad Quar'tum Ven- 
tric'ulum.* (“Passage from the Third 
to the Fourth Ventricle.”) See Aque- 
duct of Sylvius. 
Ith-J-phyl'lns.* [From i3v;, 
“straight,” and <pvX\ov, a “leaf.”] Ilav- 
in ; straight leaves. 
-Ills. A terminal, denoting inflam- 
mation of any organ or part indicated 
by the word to which it is added. Thus, 
f/astri'tis [from yaarrip, the “ stomach”] 
signifies “ inflammation of the stomach 
spleni'tis [from atrKfiv, the “spleen”], in- 
flammation of the spleen, etc. 
liliaceous. See Julaceocs. 
Ivoire. See Ivory. 
(Fr. Tvoire, k'xwkvj.) The 
bone-lilce matter of the tusks of the ele- 
phant and some other animals. 
Ivory Black. See Carbon, Animal. 
Ivresse. See Temulentia. 
Ivy. See Hedera. 
282 JAC 
JOI 
J. 
Jacobi Membrana. See Membrana 
Jacobi. 
Jac-ti-ia'tion. [Jactita'tio, o'nisj 
from jac’tiio,jactita'turn, to “ toss often.”] 
The constant tossing from one position 
to another, the effect of restlessness in 
acute diseases. 
Jafna 3Ioss. A species of moss 
found in Ceylon, yielding a semi-opaquo 
jelly, nutritious for invalids; also called 
Ceylon moss. 
Ja-la'pa.® [From Jala'pa, or Xa- 
la'pa, its native place.] Jalap. The 
Pharinacopceial name || of the root of Ex- 
oyonium pnrga, otherwise called the Ipo- 
mse'a Jala'pa. Jalap is an active cathar- 
tic, producing copious watery discharges. 
It is usually given in connection with 
other medicines which assist or qualify 
its operation. Combined with the bitar- 
trate of potash, it is much employed as a 
remedy in dropsy, in the hip-disease, and 
in other scrofulous affections of the 
joints. 
Jaia'pa Al'ba.* (“White Jalap.”) 
A name for the Convolvulus mechoacana, 
or mcchoacan. 
Jal'a-pin, or Jal'a-plne. [Jala- 
pl' na.] The active principle of jalap. 
Jamaica Bark. Sec Bark, Cari- 
BEAX. 
Ja-mai'ca Pep per. Dried berries 
of Mi/rtus pi me it ta. 
Jamaica Spirit. [Spir'itns Ja- 
maicen'sis.] A name for ruin. 
James’s JPow'der. [Pul'vis Jaco'- 
bi; from Dr. James, its inventor.] A 
febrifuge preparation for which the Pul- 
vis antimonialis is substituted. 
Jan'I-pha Man'bhot,* or Jat'ro- 
pha Yian'iSiot.® A plant from which 
tapioca and Cassava bread are ob- 
tained. 
Ja-pan' Earth. The substance 
termed catechu. 
Jarret, zhArA. The French term 
for Poples, which see. 
Jasmin. Sec Jasminum. 
Jasminacese,* jas-ml-na'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous shrubs, grow- 
ing abundantly in tropical India. It in- 
cludes the Jasmine (Jas'minum), which 
yields a fragrant oil. 
Jas-mln'e-av- The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Jas- 
MIXACE/E. 
Jas'mi-nuni (Fr. 
Jasmin, zMs’maN0'.) A plant of the 
Linnaaan class Diandria, natural order 
Jasminacem. The flowers yield an essen- 
tial oil used as an external application 
in paralysis and rheumatism. 
Jasper. [Jas'pis.] A silicious mine- 
ral, prized for its variegated colors. It 
is used in jewelry. 
Jat'ro-pha.* A Linnaean genus of 
the class Monvecia, natural order Eu- 
phorbiacese. 
Jat'ropha Cur'cas.* A plant which 
grows in South America, the West In- 
dies, and Western Africa. The oil ob- 
tained from the seeds is similar in its 
medicinal properties to croton oil, but is 
less powerful. 
Jatropha Manihot. See Janipiia 
Mam hot. 
Jat'ro-phate. [ Jat'rophas, a'//*.] 
A combination of jatrophic acid with a 
base. 
Jann'dlee. [From the French jait- 
nisse, “yellowness,” or the 
“yellows;” so named from its color.] 
See Icterus. 
Jaunisse, zhb’niss'. A French term 
for “jaundice.” See Icterus. 
Jaw. See Maxilla. . . 
Jeeur. See Liver. 
Je-ju'num.* [From jeju'nus, “fast- 
ing,” “jejune,” “empty.”] The second 
portion of the small intestine; so named 
because it is usually found empty, or 
nearly so, in the dead body. 
Jel'Iy. The common name for gela- 
tine. 
Je-m's.a-lem Ar'tl-choke. The 
Helianthus Tuberosus, a species of sun- 
flower, the root of which resembles the 
artichoke in taste. The term Jerusalem 
as applied to artichoke is a curious cor- 
ruption of the Italian term gira-sole 
(jee'rH so'l&), that is, turn-sun in English 
and heliotrope (jiXioTp&niov) in Greek.—- 
(IIoblyn.) 
JoS'n-it’s Bark. A name for Cincho- 
na, because introduced into Europe by a 
Jesuit. 
Jet. A black, bituminous substance, 
used for ornaments, vessels, etc. 
Jennesse, zhuh'n£ss'. The French 
term for “youth,” or Adolescence, which 
see. 
Joint. See Articitlus. 
Joint. Contraction of, Joint, 
Stiffened. See Ankylosis. 
283 June, zhoo. The French word for 
“cheek.” See Gena. 
Ju'g-a,* the plural of Jugum, which 
see. 
JujjaJo Os. See Os Mala?. 
Ju-s'ii'leif,* plural of Juga/lis. A 
name of the superficial temporal, or zyg- 
omatic, nerves, given off from the facial. 
Ju •ga'Iis.® Belonging to the Os 
jnyale, or cheek-bone. 
Juglaiidacefc,® jug-lan-da'she-e. A 
small natural order of exogenous trees, 
natives of the temperate parts of North 
America and Asia. It includes the 
Walnut (Jug Ians), and Hickory (Carya). 
A valuable oil is obtained from some 
species of Juylans. The bark is purga- 
tive. 
J iig'lans.* Butternut. The Phar- 
macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the inner 
bark of the root of Juylans cinerea. It 
is a mild cathartic, resembling rhubarb 
in its operation. 
Jit'$;u-lar. [Jujfula’ris; from 
jn'yulnm, the “throat.”] Belonging to 
the throat. 
Ju gular Vein-;. The large veins 
which run from the head down the sides 
of the neck, and are termed, according 
to their situation, internal or external. 
Ju'sfu-luin.* [From jit'yum, a 
“yoke.”] The throat, or fore-part of 
the neck. 
Ju'g-um,*' plural Jn'ga. A Latin 
word, signifying originally a “yoke;” 
also, a “ridge,” or “hill.” Applied in 
Botany to the ridges, or ribs, on the 
fruit of umbelliferous plants. 
Ju jube. [Juju'ba.] The fruit of 
the Rham'nus Ziz'yphus, a native of the 
south of Europe, from which a pectoral 
lozenge is prepared. 
Jill. = Jnle'pus* “A julep.” 
Ju-la'ceous. [From ju'lus, a “cat- 
kin.”] Resembling a catkin. 
Ju'lei*. [Lat. Jula jiiuan, or Jule'- 
pus; Arab. Jul;b, a “sweet potion.”] 
A liquid medicine of an agreeable taste. 
Ju'lus.*' A Latin term signifying 
“catkin.” 
J u-iiien-to'sus.* [From jumen'turn, 
a “beast of burden.”] Applied to the 
urine, when of a strong rank odor. 
Juncaceae,* jun-ka'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of endogenous glumaceous 
plants, found chiefly in the colder parts 
of the world. It includes the common 
Rush (Juncus). 
Jun-ca'ceous. [Jnnca'cens; from 
jun'eus, a “ rush.”] Resembling the Jun- 
cus, or rush. 
JOU 
Juncaginacese,* jun-kaj-e-na'she-e. 
[From J tinea'go, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of endogenous aquatic 
plants, found in most parts of the world. 
Juu'ce-us.* The same as Juncaceous. 
Jun'ci,** the plural of June us, a 
“rush,” forming the Jussieuan name of 
a natural order of plants. See Juncacea;. 
Jun-cl-for'inis.* [From jun'eus, a 
“rush.”] Formed like a rush. 
Jung'ermaiiniacese,*' jung-er-man- 
ne-a'she-e. [From Junycrman'nia, one 
of the genera.] A natural order of ervp- 
togamic moss-like plants, found in 
damp, shady places. 
Ju'ni-per. The Juniperus communis. 
Ju-nip'e-ri Ca-cn’nti-na.® (“ Tops 
of Juniper.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Ed. Ph.) for the tops of the Ju- 
niperus communis. 
Ju-nip'e-rus.* A Linnman genus 
of the class Dicecia, natural order Conif- 
erx. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
and Lond. Ph.) for the fruit of Juniperus 
communis. 
Juniperus Com-mu'nis.* (Fr. 
Genevrier, zlieh-ni'vite-i'.) The juniper- 
tree. 
Junip'erusSa-bi'na.* (Fr. Sabine, 
s&'ben'.) The common savin-tree. 
Junip'erus Vir-gin-i-ii'na.® Red 
Cedar. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the tops of the Juniperus Vir- 
yiniana. 
Ju j>I-ter.* An ancient name for tin. 
J u-ras'sic. [Juras'sieus; from 
Ju'ra.] A term applied to a particular 
group of oolitic rocks found in Mount 
Jura, and to the corresponding strata of 
other regions. 
Jurisprudence, Medical. See 
Medical Jurisprudence. 
Jus,* gen. Ju'ris. Broth or soup. 
Jusquiame, zhiis'ke-im'. The 
French term for Hyoscyamus, which see. 
Jussieuan, jus-su'an. Belonging to 
Jussieu: applied to a system of arrang- 
ing plants according to tlieir resemblance 
to each other; or what is termed the 
Natural Method. 
Juvantia,®ju-van'she-a. [Plural neu- 
ter of ju'vans, present participle of ju'vo, 
to “ help.”] Helping, or aiding; applied 
to medicines or applications which as- 
suage pain, nervous distress, etc. 
Ju-ven'tus,® gen. Ju-ven-tu'tis. 
[From ju'venis, “young;” Fr. Jeunesse, 
zhuh'ness'.] Youth. (SeeAdolescence.) 
Applied by some writers to the third stage 
of life, between about the twenty-fifth 
and thirty-fifth years. 
JUV 
284 KAJ 
KIN 
K. 
Kajepiit. See Cajuputi Olettm. 
Ka li.® [From the Arabic.] The 
vegetable alkali: potash. 
Ka'li Pu'rum.* (“Pure Potash.”) 
The Cot(Otta fuse. 
Ka-lig'c-iioiis. [Kali&'emis; 
from ka'li, an “alkali,” “potash,” 
and yerviiw, to “generate.”] Applied to 
metals which form alkalies with oxygen. 
Ka'li-um.®" [From ka'li, “potash.”] 
A synonymous term for potassium, the 
base of potash. 
Ka'o-lin,* or Ka/o-llne. (Chinese, 
Kao-liny, k&'o-ling'.) China clay; a fine, 
pure clay, procured by levigation from 
the felspar of mouldering granite, and 
employed in the manufacture of por- 
celain. 
Kas'su'. A black astringent extract 
prepared from the seeds of the Areca 
catechu. 
Keel. See Carina. 
Keloide, k&'lo'ed'. [From *77X17, a 
“tumor,” and elSo;, a “form.”] The 
French name for a disease resembling 
Cancer, or Scirrhus, also termed Can- 
croicle, and Scirrhoidc. 
Kclotomia. Sec Cblotomy. 
Kelp. The crude soda obtained from 
the ashes of sea-weed in Holland, and 
on the northern coast of France. Tt is 
used in the manufacture of glass and of 
soap. 
K£r-a-ti'a-sis.® [From xlpas, a 
“horn.”] A horn-like excrescence on 
the temple or forehead. 
Ker-a-to-<le-i'ti.s.* [From Kepanoiiris, 
the “cornea.”] The same as Corneitis. 
[Kerato'ma, at/*; 
from Kcpa;, a “horn.”] A horn-like tu- 
mor, or swelling. 
Ke-rat'o-nyx'is,* or €e-rat'o- 
nyx'is.® [From Ktpaj, a “horn,” or the 
“cornea,” and rwoto, to “puncture.”] 
An operation by which the crystalline is 
depressed by a needle passed through 
the cornea. 
Ke-rat'o-plas'tic. [Keratoplas'- 
Hens.] Belonging to keratoplasty. 
Ker-ato-plas'ty. [Keratoplas'- 
tia; from *cpaj, a “horn.” or the “cornea,” 
and ttXiWw, to “form.”] An operation 
by which the cornea of an animal has been 
excised and reapplied, or a new one from 
another animal put in its place. Also 
written Ceratoplasty, or Ceratoplaxtica. 
Keratotome. See Ceratotome. 
Ke-rec'to-my. [Kerecto'mia; 
from K£(ia;, a “horn,” or the “cornea,” 
and tKTCuvw, to “cutoff.”] The operation 
of excising the outward layers of the 
cornea, by which a clour aperture in the 
middle of a generally opaque cornea may 
be obtained. 
Ker'ines An'i-inal, or Kermcs 
Berry. [Coccus Ilicis.] A name 
applied to insects found upon the Quer- 
cu8 coccifera, which grows in Southern 
Europe and in the Levant. They are in 
the form of round, reddish grains, about 
the size of peas, found adhering to the 
branches. They were formerly used for 
djming scarlet. Kermes is a Latin form 
of a word found in several Asiatic lan- 
guages, and signifying a little worm or 
insect. 
Ker'mes Min'e-ral. The precipi- 
tated sulphuret of antimony, named 
from its resemblance in color to the 
kermes insect. 
Kibe. See Chilblain. 
Kicl'ney. [Ren, Ke'nis.] The 
kidneys are two glandular bodies situ- 
ated in the lumbar region, consisting of 
an external or cortical, and an internal 
or tubular, substance. Their office is to 
secrete the urine, and thus to carry off 
the superfluous fluid matter from the 
system. 
Kid ney-Shaped'. [Renifor'mls.] 
A term applied to a roundish or broadly 
cordate leaf, concave at the base. 
Kicstein, or Kiestzn. See Kyes- 
tein. 
Kilo-gram, or KH'o-g-ramme. 
[From yiAioi, a “thousand,” and gramme.] 
A French weight of a thousand grammes, 
equal to 2.68 (or about 2§) lbs. troy, or 
2] lbs. avoirdupois. 
Kilolitre, k6'lo-l£tit', or kil'o-13't’r. 
[From X'Aioi, a “thousand,” and litre.] 
A French measure of a thousand litres, 
equal to 35.3171 English cubic feet. 
Kilometre, kil'o'ine'ter (French 
pron. [From \{Xm, a 
“thousand,” and metre.] A French mea- 
sure of a thousand metres, or 4 furlongs, 
213 yards, 1 foot, and 10.2 inches. 
Kl'na-Ki'na.* A name for Cinchona. 
Ki'nate. [Ki'nas, »'«/*.] A com- 
bination of kinic acid with a base. 
Kin-e-sip'a-thy. [Kinesipathl'a; 
from Kivko, to “move,” and iraQos, an 
“affection,”or “disease.”] A system of 
285 athletic exercises and feats of muscular 
strength, adopted as a means of curing 
disease. 
liing’s E'vil. A name given to 
scrofula, from the belief that it might 
be cured by the touch of royalty. 
Ki'nic, orkin'ik. [Kin'icus.] (Called, 
also, Cinclton'ic and tfcuin'ic.) Ap- 
plied to an acid obtained from Cinchona. 
[iiiiliina. See Kina-Kina. 
lii'no.* The Pharmacopoeia! name fl 
for the inspissated juice of the Ptero- 
vur’pux Mumu'pium (or of the Pterocar'- 
pus erimdeeus, according to the Edin- 
burgh Pharmacopoeia for 1830). 
Hirscli Wasser, keensh vSs'ser. 
{“ Cherry Water.”) The German name 
of a liquor distilled from cherries, stones 
and all. It is sometimes called “the 
brandy of Switzerland.” 
KIiqi-lo-ma En-a. [From k-Xottco, to 
“ steal,” and pavia, “ madness.”] A sup- 
posed species of moral insanity, actu- 
ating the subjects of it to pilfer and 
steal. 
Knee. See Genu. 
Knee-Jointed. See Geniculate. 
linee-Ptui. The patella. 
Knit'ted. [C’oiinex.'us.] That 
stage in the union of fractured bones in 
which a certain degree of firmness is at- 
tained. 
KW 
Kiiockdiiiem. Sec Genua Valga. 
ItnoUed. See Articulatus. 
iiorectoinia. Sec Corectomia. 
Kousho,* or Cusso,® 
koos'so. Theflowersof theBraye'ra nn- 
thelmin'tica, long used in Abyssinia, and 
more recently in Europe, as a remedy 
against Tienia, or tapeworm. 
Kra-me'rl-ji.* Rhatany. ThePhar- 
rnacopocial name |[ for the root of the 
Krameria triandra. 
liraino'ria Sri-an (Ini. The sj-s- 
iematic name of a plant nsed as an astrin- 
gent, diuretic, and detergent. It belongs 
to the natural order Polygalacem. 
Kreasote. See Creasote. 
Kreatin. See Creatin. 
Krcatiniii. Fee Creatinix. 
H.V-fs'te-in, or Iiy-es'te-lne (fre- 
quently pronounced ki'es-tln), written 
also Cfestehi and liicstein. [From 
kvo) or kvcoj, to “ be pregnant,” and coOt'is, 
a “ garment," or “ covering,” and, hence, 
used for “pellicle,”] An albuminoid 
substance discovered floating as a pel- 
licle on the urine of pregnant women; 
not confined, however, to utero-gesta- 
tion, but connected with the lacteal se- 
cretion. Taken in connection with other 
symptoms, it is considered a valuable aid 
in the diagnosis of pregnancy, 
tijstotome. See Cystotojie. 
LAB 
L. 
T.alMlannin, or Ixulamirn, See 
Cistus Creticus. 
fal-fsol linji. - [Diminutive of la'- 
Mum, a “lip.”] The lip or lower petal 
of ringent, personate, or ©rebideous 
flowers. 
I/a'W-ij.3 gen. La-bi-o’nim. The 
plural of Labium, which see. 
La bia S'mleit ili.* The thick ori- 
fice of the vulva, or parts external to 
the ny npkx. 
t/ilw-al. [L.ab'fa'Ifs.] Belonging 
to the /nhiiiin. 
(Muscle). See Orbicularis 
Oris. 
I>a-t»I-a'fav;i> or l.aiiiiacc.T. ' la- 
me-a'she-e. A natural order of exo- 
genous plants, mostly herbaceous, which 
abound in temperate regions. It in- 
cludes Peppermint {Mentha), Lavender 
(Lavandula), and Sage (Salvia). Their 
aromatic qualities render many species 
valuable as carminative medicines. 
IjVlh-afe. [Labia'tus; from la'- 
Mum, a “ lip,”} Having two lips, as the 
snapdragon flower. 
lii-M-nt-i-llo'ras[From la'bium, 
a “lip,” and foe, a “flower.”} Having 
labiate flowers. 
I.ab-I-dom'e-ter. [ fjiMditin'e- 
Irum: from XaSig, a “forceps,” and 
litrpov,a “measure.”} An instrument for 
ascertaining the dimensions of the 
child’s head in the pelvis, etc. 
Li td-mn.' plural Ll'M-tf. [From 
\a"cii> (from XapSavoj), to “receive;” be- 
cause they receive the food.] (Fr, Lerre, 
leva or l&vn.) The lip; but often ap- 
plied to other parts from their resem- 
blance to a lip. 
La bium ? The mal- 
formation called hare-lip. 
IA'bor.* [From In ho'ro, laborarturn, 
to “work.” to “labor,” to “he in dis- 
tress.”] The process of parfnrifion, or 
childbirth. See Parturition. 
La bor, ('ompfl-rSt-ed. That 
which is attended with some dangerous LAB 
or troublesome accident or disease, con- 
nected in particular instances with the 
process of parturition. 
Labor, Morbid. Sec Parodynia. 
I.ab'o-ry-to-ry. [Laboralo'rium; 
from labo'ro, labora' turn, to “ work,” to 
“labor.”] (Fr. Laboratoire, lA'bo rft - 
twiiu'.) The place in which chemical 
operations are performed. 
La'brum.® [From la'vo, to “ wash;” 
a “ bathing-tub,” the “ brim of a ves- 
sel.”] The lip, especially the upper lip. 
Lab’y-rinth. [Labyrin'thus; from 
a “ place having many wind- 
ings.”] That portion of the internal ear 
comprising the cochlea, vestibulum, and 
semicircular canals. 
Lnb->’-rin'thi-form. [Labyrin- 
tliifor’mi*: from labyrin'thus, a “laby- 
rinth.”] Formed like a labyrinth. 
Lab-y-ri n I li o-<lon. [From \aSv- 
ptvdo}, a “ labyrinth, ” and olovs, a 
“tooth.”] A genus of extinct, gigantic 
reptiles, characterized by remarkable 
complexity in the structure of the teeth. 
Lac,® gen. Luc'tis. [From yiiXa, 
yWaxroi, “milk;” also, the “sap” or 
“juice” of a plant.] The Latin word 
for “ milk.” Also, the common name for 
a substance deposited by an insect on the 
branches of several kinds of trees in the 
East Indies. 
Lac’ca,® or Gnm Lite. A resinous 
substance formed by an insect on sev- 
eral species of East Indian trees. It 
yields a fine red dye, and is used to 
make sealing-wax. When melted, it is 
called Shell-lac. 
Lae'er,* neuter [From 
Xavi's, a “rent,” or “cleft.”] Torn; rent: 
lacerated. 
[Lacera'tlo, o'nis; 
from lae'ero, lacera'tum, to “ tear.”] The 
act of tearing or rending. 
La-cer’tl-dsc.® [From lacer’ta, a 
“lizard.”] A group of Saurians forming 
the second family in the Cuvierian sys- 
tem. 
La-cer’ tl-form. [Lacertifor'mis; 
from laccr'tn, a “lizard.”] Formed 
liko a lizard. 
[From lacer'tn, a 
“lizard.”] A family of Saurian reptiles. 
La-cer-to-i’defc.® [From lacer'ta, 
a “ lizard.”] Resembling the lizard : la- 
cer'toid. 
Lae’cr-uin Fo-ra’men,® plural Int'- 
er-a Fo-ram’l-na. (“Torn Opening.”) 
The name applied to two irregular open- 
ings, appearing as if they were torn, be- 
tween the occipital and temporal bones. 
Lach’rJ-ma,* or Lac'rJ-mif.* [Qr. 
SiiKpuixa- from iaicpba), to “weep.”] (Fr. 
Larrne, lanm.) The limpid secretion of 
the lachrymal gland. See Tear. 
Lach'ry-msil. [Larhryma lis, or 
Lacryma'lis; from lach'ryma, a “tear.”] 
Belonging to the tears. 
Lachrymal Rone. [Os Lachry- 
mal*?.] See Unguis Os. 
Lachrymal Caruncle. See Ca- 
RCNCULA LACHRYMALIS. 
Lachrymal I>uct. See Ductus ad 
Nasum. 
Lach’rymal Gland. [Glan'dula 
Lachryma'li*.] The glomerate gland, 
situated above the external angle of the 
orbit, which secretes the tears. 
La-cin’I-ate. [Lacinia'tus; from 
lacin' ia, a “fringe,” or “rag.”] Fringed; 
jagged ; slashed. Applied to flowers. 
La-cin-I-flo'rus.* [From lacin'ia, a 
“fringe,” or “rag,” andJlos, a “flower.”] 
Having fringed petals: laeiniflo'rous. 
La-cin-i-lb-ll-a'tiis.* [From lacin'ia, 
a “ fringe,” or “ rag,” and /a'Hum, a 
“ leaf.”] Having laciniated or fringed 
leaves. 
Iji-cin T-forni. [Lacinifor'mis; 
from lacin'ia, a “fringe,” or “rag.”] 
Formed like a fringe. 
La-cln-«da'tus.:: [From lacin'ula, 
a “little fringe.”] Having irregular 
divisions. 
I.a-cin-n-lo'sus.* [From lacin'ula, 
a “ little fringe.”] Having, or full of, 
little fringes. 
Laois, l&'s£'. The French term for 
Plexus, which see. 
Lac'mus. Synonymous with Litmus. 
La-con'I-cum.® [From Lacon'icns, 
“belonging to Laconia,” or Lacedae- 
mon.] A name applied to a vapor bath, 
from its having been much used by the 
ancient Lacedaemonians. 
Lacryma. See Lachryma. 
Lacf-ftl-bu'mcn. [From lac, “milk,” 
and alba'men.] Literally, the “albumen 
of milk.” Another name for Casein. 
Lac'tate. [Lac'tas, a'/bt.] A com- 
bination of lactic acid with a base. 
Lac-ta'tion. [Lacta'tio, o'nis; 
from lac'to, lacta'tum, to “ suckle.”] 
The act or the period of giving suck. 
Lac'te-al. [Lac'teus; from lac, 
lac'tin, “milk.”] (Fr. Lacti, 13,k’t&'.) 
Belonging to milk. Applied to certain 
vessels, because they absorb and convey 
a fluid (chyle) of a milky appearance. 
Lac'te-als. [Va'sa Chylif'era, or 
Va'saLac'tea.] Thechylifcrous vessels. 
See Lacteal. 
LAC 
287 LAC 
LAG 
I.ac'te-in. [I.actei'na; from the 
same.] A substance obtained by the 
evaporation of milk, concentrating its 
essential qualities; solidified milk. 
I.ac'te-ous. [Lac'teus; from lac, 
lac'tis, “milk.”] Milk-white. 
[ Ladesccn'lla; 
from lades'co, to “become like milk,” 
to “have milk.”] The quality of any 
liquid that is thick, white, and resembles 
milk. 
[I.actes'cens; from 
the same.] Resembling milk, or yield- 
ing a milky juice, as some plants. 
Irfic'tic. [I.ac'ticus; from lac, lac'- 
tis, “milk.”] (Fr. Ladique, or 
Laiteux, lsPtuh'.) Applied to an acid 
obtained from milk; also termed Galac- 
tic. 
Lac'tic Ay'iil. [Ay'iduni I.ac'ti- 
cum.] A syrupy, nearly transparent, 
liquid, of a pale wine color, having a 
slight, bland odor, and a very sour taste. 
Its specific gravity is 1.212. It is found 
in a number of animal secretions, 
and exists abundantly in the juice of 
flesh. It is usually obtained by decom- 
posing the lactate of iron by alcohol. 
Lactic acid has been assigned a place on 
the primary list of the U.S. Pharmaco- 
poeia for 1860. Lactic acid has been used 
with advantage in some forms of dys- 
pepsia. 
I.ne-tif'er-ous. [I.actlf'erus; 
from lac, lac'tis, “ milk,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Producing or conveying milk. 
I.actif'erous Ducts. The milk- 
conveying ducts of the mammillary 
glands. 
I.ae-tl-tlo'rus.* [From lac, “milk,” 
and Jlos, a “ flower.”] Having flowers 
white like milk : lactiflo'rous. 
I.ac-tif'u-gfus.® [From lac, “milk,” 
and fu'go, to “drive away.”] Lacti- 
fuge. Preventing, or checking, the secre- 
tion of milk. 
I.ac'tin, or I.ac'tlne. [From lac, 
“ milk.”] Sugar of milk. 
Iiac'tisfthe genitive of Lac, which see. 
1.JH--I i v'or-ous. [I.activ'orus: from 
lac, “milk,” and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
Milk-devouring, or living on milk. 
[From lac, “milk,” 
and /djAr;, a “ tumor.”] A collection of a 
milk-like fluid; also termed Galadocele. 
Lactometrum. See Galactometer. 
l.aclo-scopc. [Lactos'copus; 
from lac, “milk,” and okottco), to “ex- 
amine.”] An instrument for ascertain- 
ing the quantity and value of milk. 
[From lac, “milk;” 
named on account of its milky juice.] 
(Fr. Laitue, lA'tii'.) A Lin mean genus 
of the class Syngenesia, natural order 
Composite, or Chicoracese. Also, the 
Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
for Lactuca sativa. 
Dactu'ca Sa-ti'va.* Garden lettuce. 
Lactu'ca VI-ro'sa.* The strong- 
scented lettuce (termed also Opium-let- 
tuce) from which laducarium is obtained. 
Lac-lu-ea'rl-uin.® [From lactu'ca, 
“lettuce.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
for the inspissated juice of Lactuca nativa 
and Lactuca virosa. 
l4»-cu'na,* plural L.a-cu'n*e. [From 
la'cim, a “ lake,” or “ditch.”] Literally, 
a “ditch,” “hole,” or “chasm.” Ap- 
plied in Anatomy to the excretory ducts 
of mucous glands. Applied in Botany 
to punctures on stems, leaves, etc. 
Lacu'na Mag na.® (“Large Lacu- 
na.”) A small opening, or hollow larger 
than the rest, situated near the Fossa 
navicularis of the male urethra. 
jLa-cu'nse,*’ the plural of Lacuna. 
14-culiar. Having, or resembling, 
lacuna:. Also, a “ roof.” See next article. 
liacu'nar Or'bl-tae.® (“Roof of 
the Orbit.”) The roof of the orbit of 
the eye. 
L.ac-u-nose'. [I.acuno'sns; from 
lacu'na, a “gap,” or “cavity.”] Hav- 
ing lacunae.; full of depressions, or cavi- 
ties. 
I.a-cjistrtne. [ bacuslris; from 
la'cus, a “lake.”] Belonging to a lake. 
IA»sio. See Lesion. 
I.sevig'atio. See Levigation. 
I.a-geii'1-form. [Lagenifor'mis; 
from lage'na, a “ bottle.”] Having the 
form of a Florence flask. 
Dag'-ne'sts.® [From \ayvi)j, “lust- 
ful.”] Lust. The name of a genus in 
Good’s Nosology. 
La-goon', [l.ajrii na ; from la’cus, a, 
“lake.”] A shallow channel, or creek, 
mostly on the margin of the sea. 
liag-opli-thitl'mi-a.* [From Aayak, 
a “hare,” and o</i0aA/ak, the “eye.”] A 
disease in which, from a defect in the 
upper eyelid, there is imperfect power 
of closing the eye: so named, it is said, 
because this is the natural condition of 
the eye of the hare when asleep. 
I.ag-oph-tlial'mi-cus.'* Belonging 
to lagophthalmia. 
La-gop'o-<loiis. [Lagop'odns; 
from Aay<k, a “hare,” and notis, a 
“foot.”] Applied to certain birds, hav- 
ing the feet covered with soft hair or 
down. 
288 LAG 
LAN 
La-gVpns, p W/a.* [From the same.] 
Hare-footed. Applied to the grouse ge- 
nus; also to the fox, and other animals. 
La-gos'to-ma.* [From A ayojg, a 
“ hare,” and aropa, a “ mouth.”] Another 
name for hare-lip. 
bait, 14. The French for Milk, 
which see. 
Laiteux. See Lactic. 
bake. A term applied to certain 
insoluble compounds,—pigments com- 
posed of aluminous earth and vegetable 
or animal coloring matter, as carmine 
lake, madder lake. It appears to have 
been originally applied to red pigments 
only: it is perhaps a corruption of 
lac, a reddish resinous substance. See 
Lac. 
Lal-la'tion. [Lalla'tio, o'n»a.] A 
term for the faulty pronunciation in 
which l is rendered unduly liquid, or 
substituted for an r. 
Lamb-da-cis'mus.* [From lamb'da, 
the name of the Greek A, or /.] The 
same as Lallation, which see. 
Lamb'doid, or iAtmb-doi'dal. 
[From lamb'da, and eidof, a “form.”] 
The same as LAMBnoniEg. 
bamb-do-i'dcs.® [From A, and elSos, 
a “ form.”] Resembling the Greek l, or 
lambda. 
Lambdoi'des Os.* The Os hyoides, 
so called from its resembling the Greek 
letter A. 
Lam'el-lar, orbam'el-late. [bam- 
olla'ris; from lamel'la, a “thin plate.”] 
Composed of flat plates; having lam- 
ella!. 
ba-mel-li-bran'chl-ate. [bamel- 
libraiichia'tus, or Lamellibran'- 
chius; from lamel'la, a “thin plate,” 
and Ppiyxia, “ gills.”] Having the gills 
disposed symmetrically in large semi- 
circular plates. 
ba-mel-ll-cor'iiis.® [From lamel'la, 
a “thin plate,” and cor'nu, a “horn.”] 
Applied to insects having lamellar horns 
(or antennae): lamellicornate. 
Lam-el-liFer-ous. [Lamellifer- 
us; from lamel'la, a “thin plate,” 
and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing or having 
lamella). Applied to certain plants. 
La-mel'll-forni. [Lamellifor'mis; 
from lamel'la, a “ thin plate.”] Formed 
of, or like, small plates. 
Lam-el-lig'er-lis.* [From lamel'- 
la, a “ thin plate,” and ye'ro, to “carry.”] 
The same as Lamelliferous : lamellig'- 
erous. 
La-meril-pe&, edit.* [From lamel'la, 
a “ thin plate,” and pes, a “ foot.”] Hav- 
ing flattened and lamelliform feet. Ap 
plied to a section of Conchifera. 
bain-el-lI-ros'treS,® or La-iuel-ll< 
row'trals. [From lamel'la, a “thin 
plate,” and ros'trum, a “ beak.”] The 
name of a tribe of swimming birds, the 
fourth in the system of Cuvier, com- 
prising those in which the margins of 
the beaks are furnished with numerous 
lamellae or dental plates, arranged in a 
regular series, as in the swan, goose, and 
duck. 
I-anil-na,* plural Lam'X-me. Any 
thin plate or layer of bone, membrane, 
or other substance. The border of a 
polypetalous corolla; the blade of a leaf 
or petal. 
Lam'X-nat-ed. i Lamina'tus. ] Ap- 
plied to parts that consist of thin layers, 
or laminae, lying closely upon each 
other. 
Lam'X-nl-forni. [Laminifor'mis; 
from lam'ina, a “ thin plate.”] Flattened 
in the form of a thin plate. 
Lampblack. A species of char- 
coal, of which the finest sort is produced 
by collecting the smoke from a lamp. 
Lam-po-car'pus.* [From Aupmo, to 
“shine,” and na/mAf, “fruit.”] Having 
shining fruit: lampocarpous. 
Lani-pro-plio'ni-a.* [From Aa/i- 
irpdf, “bright,” “clear,” and ipawrj, the 
“voice.”] A clear and sonorous state of 
the voice. 
Lam-pro-phyl'Ic-us.* [From Aap- 
npog, “bright,’’ “clear,” and QvAAuv, a 
“leaf.”] Applied to plants having 
smooth and bright leaves. 
Lam'pro-pus.* [From Xnp-rpnq, 
“bright,” “clear,” and urns, a “foot.”] 
Having the stipes, or foot, of a bright 
appearance. 
Lam'py-rig, idis* [From Xapmo, to 
“shine,” and nip, “fire.”] The glow- 
worm. 
Lampyris Noc-ti-Iu'ca.* The 
systematic name of the glow-worm. 
Lana.* Wool. Applied to a kind 
of pubescence which covers the surfaces 
of plants. 
La'na Phil-o-soph'I-ca.* (“Phil- 
osophical Wool.”) Flowers of zinc, or 
the snowy flakes of the white oxide of 
zinc, which arise and float in the air 
from the combustion of that metal. 
La'nate. [Lana'ttis; from la’na, 
“wool.”] Woolly; having a pubescence 
like wool. 
Lan-ce'o-la.® [Diminutive of lan'- 
cea, a “lance.”] A little lance ; a lancet, 
and, so, the same as Lahcet, which see. 
289 LAN 
LAP 
I.an'ce-o-late. [Lancpola'tus; from 
lance'ola, a “little lance.”] Having the 
form of a little lance, or spear. 
Lan'cet. [Lat. liancet'ta; Fr. 
Laneette, lbid'set'.] A two-edged instru- 
ment for bleeding, or other purposes. ' 
Lan-ci-fo'lI-oiiH. [Laucifalius; 
from lan'cea, a “lance,” and fo'limn, a 
“leaf.”] Having lanceolated leaves, or 
divisions of leaves. 
I,an'cI-forni. [Lancifiar'mis; 
from lan'cea, a “lance.”] Having the 
form of a lance, or head of a lance; ap- 
plied to teeth, etc. 
Laii'cl-iiat-ing;. [I.an'oiiians. 
ttn'tis ; from lan'cino, to “thrust 
through,” or “rend.”] Piercing, as 
with a lance; lacerating. 
Langur, loxg. The French word for 
Tongue, which see. 
Lan’guar, o'r/s.* A listless unwil- 
lingness to use exertion, with faintness. 
L;wiifcr>»us. [£.aiiiferus; from 
la'na, “wool,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or producing wool. 
I-iim-I-flo'rus.* [From la'na, “wool,” 
and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having woolly 
flowers: laniflo'rous. 
La-niger-ons. [Lan'lger, or 
I<;iiiijg'eriis; from la'na, “wool,” and 
ye'ro, to “carry.”] The same as Lanif- 
KUOUS. 
La'iil-pcfc, js'edisfi [From la'na, 
“wool,” and pcs, a “foot.”] Having 
hairy petioles, or feet. 
La-nese'. [From la'na, “wool.”] 
The same as Laxate, which see. 
Iuintaiiimn. See Lanthaxum. 
Lantannm. Sec Lanthanum. 
Lini tli i-uum, : I.uii'tu-uiini,® or 
[From XavQdvo}, to 
‘‘be concealed.”] A newly discovered 
metal, so named from its properties be- 
ing concealed by those of cerium, with 
which it is found united. 
La-nu'gbnous. [Lanugiiio'sus; 
from lanu'go, “down,” or “soft hair.”] 
Having soft hairs or down. 
Ln-nu'go,* gen. I»a-mi'&I-nis. 
[From la'na, “wool.”] Soft hairs, wool, 
or down. 
Iiiui-u-lo'siiN.*' [From la'na, 
“wool.”] Having wool; full of wool. 
Lap>> ro m-no-d id' y-mus.* [From 
\mrdpa, the “flank,” or “loins,” povos, 
“single,” and iidupo;, “double.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural (Laparomnodid'ymi) 
to twins born adhering together by the 
loins. 
Lap-a-rooica'pi-ii.® [From Xadpa, 
the “flank,” or “loins,” and /jkottsoi, to 
“examine.”] The examination of the 
loins, or side, by means of the stetho- 
scope, pleximeter, etc. 
Iatp-a-ro-to'mI-a.:: [From Xan-u/ia, 
the “flank,” or “loins,” and rlp-jcn, to 
“cut.”J Cutting into the abdomen in 
the region of the loins. 
I.a]»-a-rot'o-i»uK.:;:' [From the 
same.] A name of the instrument for 
performing laparotomy: a lap'arotome. 
I.a|»a-r [From 
\arrdpn, the “flank,” or “loins,” t>rripa, 
the “womb,” and ripsw, to “cut.'J 
Cutting into the womb through the flank 
or abdomen. 
I.a|»'a-ttiumA: [From Aa-ruyj, to 
“empty;” because it is an aperient, or 
purgative.] The dock. See Rum ex. 
I.aBM-cidus. [From la'pis, a 
“stone,” and ex'do, to “cut,” or “dig.”] 
Digging into stone; imbedded in rocks, 
etc. Applied to animals and shells so 
found, as if they had dug their retreat 
there. 
IiH-pid'e-Oiis. [La’fld'eas; from 
la'pis, a “stone.”] Stony; belonging to 
stone. 
the plural of Lapis, 
which see. 
bapides ('ancrorum. See Can- 
c no hum Lapilli. 
I.at>>i-dcs'v‘cnt. [Lapides'cens, 
en'tis; from la'pis, a “stone,” and 
-esco, a Latin termination signifying 
to “ grow.”] Resembling a stone in hard- 
ness. 
[Lapidifica'- 
tio, o'«(■(/ from la'pis, a “stone,” and 
fa'cio, to “make.”] Conversion into 
stone. 
La-pU'll,® the plural of Lapillus, 
which see. 
[From lapil'lus, 
a “little stone.”] Having the appear- 
ance of small stones: lapilliform. 
I-.ap-U-losus.: [From the same.] 
Having lapilli. 
plural lai-pil li. [Di- 
minutive of la'pis, a “stone.”] A little 
stone. See Cancrouum Lapilli. 
I.a'pis,* gen. I.ap'I-dis. [Hr. Xda;, 
a “stone.”] A Latin word signifying a 
“stone.” The alchemists called by this 
term every fixed thing which does not 
evaporate, and. hence, even human blood 
was termed La'pis anima’lis. 
I.npis Ciilamiiiaris. See Cala- 
mina. 
La'pis Cal-ca'rl-iis.* The native 
carbonate of lime, or limestone. 
Lapis IM-vi'nus.* A substance 
290 LAP 
LAIt 
composed of sulphate of copper, nitrate 
of potash, alum, and camphor, used as 
a collyrium, and named “ divine,” on 
account of its supposed virtues. 
Eapis Infemialis. See Potass A 
Fusa. 
Lapis Pliilosophoruiii. See Phi- 
losopher's Stone. 
Lap'pa.- Burdock. The Pharma- 
coptaial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
the Lappa minor (or Are'tium lappa). 
£i«2»i!5aeeu.s,* lap-pa'slie-us. [From 
lap'pa, the “clitbur.”] Curved at the 
extremity like the bracteee of the bur- 
dock. 
Laq'ne-ns ©ut'tnr-is.* Literally, 
“noose of the throat.” A name applied 
to a malignant inflammation of the ton- 
sils. 
Inircli-Tree. The Pin iis Larix. 
ILnrdacth See Lardaceous. 
ILar-tla'ceoiis. [InvriJa'ceiis; from 
lar'dum, “lard.”] (Fr. Lardace, laR'dA- 
si.'.) Itesembling lard, or the fat of 
bacon. 
Larda'ceuns De-geii-e-ra'iion. 
otherwise called Wax'y lAegenera'- 
tion. A term applied to certain or- 
ganic alterations in the tissues, whereby 
these assume a translucent, wax-like 
appearance. One form of substance re- 
sulting from this change (found as a 
deposit between the proper elements of 
the tissues) has the remarkable property 
of becoming blue, like vegetable starch, 
by the simple action of iodine; whence 
Virchow applies to these altered struc- 
tures the term amyloid (i.e. “starch- 
like”) degeneration. The tissues them- 
selves participate in this peculiar change, 
and usually exhibit a blue or violet 
color, if the application of iodine be fol- 
lowed by a cautious addition of sulphu- 
ric acid. 
Lar'de-ns.* [From lar'dum, the 
“fat of bacon,” or “lard.”] Belonging 
to lard. 
Lar’dum/' The fat of bacon. See 
Adeps Suillus. 
I.a’rix Ew-i-o-pse'a.* A name of 
the larch-tree, from which Venice turpen- 
tine is procured. See Pings Larix. 
Lnrme, laum. See Lachryma. 
I,arinoiement, laR'mwl'moN®'. 
fFroin larme, a “tear.”] A French term 
tor Epiphora, which see. 
Lar'va,® plural Ear'vae. A Latin 
word, signifying, originally, a “mask,” 
or “spectre.” A grub, or larve. Applied 
in Entomology to the first condition of 
the metamorphosis of insects hatched 
from the egg. So called because, in this 
condition, their real character seems to 
be masked. 
l.arval. [Xarva'lis; from lar’va- 
a “mask,” a “spectre.”] Belonging to 
a mask, or to larvae. Applied to diseases 
in which the skin of the face is dis- 
figured, as if covered bj a mask. 
Lar-vie'o-lus.® [From lar’va, a 
“mask,” a “spectre,” and co'lo, to “in- 
habit.”] Applied to certain small insects 
existing in larvae. 
Lar'vi-form. [I.nrvifor in is.] 
Formed like larvae. 
Lar>vip'a-raus. [ Ijirvipiires; 
from lar'vsc, andpa'rio, to “ bring forth.”] 
Producing larvae in the place of eggs. 
tfLaryng’ii. See Laryngeal. 
[Ljirynge’us; from 
Atipayf, the “larynx.”] (Fr. Larynge, 
13,'raN°'/hfi', or Laryngien, l&'raN°'zhe- 
aN°'.) Belonging to the larynx. 
Ii»ryngieii. See Laryngeal. 
Ijlr-jn-gis miui.* [From Xapvyyvo), 
to “vociferate.”] Spasm of the muscles 
closing the larynx. 
idle.* [From A/payf, 
the “larynx.”] Inflammation of the 
larynx. 
Ea-ryn-go-gra'plil-ji.* [From 
>.ipuyf, the “larynx,” and ypa<j><i>, to 
“write.”] A description of the larynx. 
I Air-5'n -go 1 ’«• gy. [I.a ry ngolo'- 
gjji; from Aapiyf, the “larynx,” and 
Aiy»{, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
larynx; the science of the larynx. 
I.«r-yii-goi>Ii'o-n.v, or L&r>yn- 
go|tlii>-nisiu. |I.nryngniilio'uia, or 
Earyngopltmtis luus; from A pvyl, 
the “larynx,” and <pwvf], the “voice.”] 
The sound of the voice, heard by means 
of the stethoscope, within the larynx. 
Idir-y ii-gopIt-lhis' I-cus.* Belong- 
ing to laryngophthisis. 
IAir-yii-g«iJh'llii-sis.® [From Atp- 
ay[, the “larynx,” and ifOiots, a “wast- 
ing.”] A disease of the larynx, con- 
nected with pulmonary consumption: 
laryngeal phthisis. 
I>a-rjn-gor-rlt<e'!i.* [From AopuyJ, 
the “larynx,” and plot, to “flow.”] A 
pituitous or serous flow from the larynx. 
lA-rfii-go-spasiniis.® [From Aup- 
vyl, the “larynx,” and onaopdf, a 
'‘spasm.”] The same as Laryngismus, 
which see. 
I>a-ry Bi-go-ste-iio'sis. 5 [From A«p- 
ryf, the “larynx,” and orivioots, a “con- 
traction.”] Contraction of the larynx. 
Lar-yn-got'o-mus.* [From Aupuyf, 
the “larynx,” and repeat, to “cut.”] An 
291 LAR 
LAU 
instrument for performing laryngotomy: 
a laryn'gotomo. 
mia; from the same.] The operation of 
cutting into the larynx. 
gen. E.'j-rym'&is. [Gr. 
Xupuy?.] The upper part of the trachea, 
or windpipe; in a general sense, the 
organ of the voice. 
Iiii-sl-aii' < h us.* [From Xao-io,-, 
“hairy,” and avOos, a “flower.”] .Having 
hairy or rough flowers. 
I.a-isl-o-ear'pus.® [From \amo;, 
“hairy,” and xapm;, “fruit.”] Having 
hairy fruit. 
Iia-si-o-pe-fa'le-us.® [From Xuo-ioj, 
'‘hairy,” and ircrdXov, a “petal.”] Hav- 
ing hairy petals. 
Iia-sl-op'ter-us.® [From \aaiog, 
“rough,” or “hairy,” and nrepor, a 
“wing.”] Having hairy wings, as the 
Vespertil'io lasiop'terus, a species of 
bat. 
I.a-si'o-pus.® [From ~, “hairy,” 
and 7tovs, a “foot.”] Having the stipes 
hairy. 
ta-si-o-sper'mus.® [From \aaiog, 
“hairy,” and irrippa, a “seed.”] Having 
hairy fruit or seed. 
Jja-Sl-os'ta-«lays."s' [From Xdaiog, 
“hairy,” and trrdxvs, an “ear of corn.”] 
Having flowers in rough, hairy ears. 
lia'si-peS, p'edis.* The same as 
Lasioptjs. 
[From Xj<hog, “hairy,” 
and oiipi, a “tail.”] Having hairy pe- 
duncles, or tails. 
bassi-taile. [lassitu'do, cl inis; 
from las'sus, “weary,” “tired.”] Lite- 
rally, “ weariness,” or “ fatigue;” but usu- 
ally denoting a sensation of exhaustion 
and weakness, independent of fatigue. 
JLal. clrtl. = Lat'eri dolen'ti.* “ To the 
side affected.” 
La'tent. [La'tens; from la'teo, to 
“lie hid.”] Lurking; concealed; lying 
hid. 
L>a'tent Pe'rl-otl. That space of 
time during which certain diseases lurk 
in the system, before their presence is 
manifested by symptoms. 
Lat'er-al. [ILatera'Iis; from la'tus, 
lat'eris, the “side.”] Belonging to the 
side; on the side, as distinguished from 
medial or central. 
liat'eral Op-e-ra'tion. [Opera'- 
Sjatera'lis.] One of the operations 
of lithotomy; being performed on the 
left side of the perinaBum. 
i.at'eral Si'nus-es. Two veins of 
the dura mater; the right and left late- 
ral sinuses, running along the crucial 
spine of the occipital bone. 
liat-e-rl-flo'rns.®' [From la'tun, tlio 
“side,” and flon, a “flower.”] Having 
lateral flowers. 
Liat-e-rl-fo'H-ous. [ILaterifb'lius; 
from la'tus, the “side,” and fo'lium, a 
“leaf.”] Growing at the side of a leaf. 
lAit-e-rig'ra-dns.* [From la'tus, 
the “side,” and gra'tlior, to “go,” to 
“step.”] Going or moving sideways. 
[From la'tus, 
the “side,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
Applied to leaves in which the nervures 
diverge from the middle. 
hat-e-ri'tious. [Lateri'fius; from 
la'ter, a “brick.”] Applied to a sedi- 
ment like brick-dust in the urine. 
I. gen. I.at'i-eis. A Latin 
term for “liquor” or “juice” in general. 
Applied to the proper juice, or vital fluid, 
of plants. 
J. [JLaticifevus; 
from la'tex, lot'ids, a “liquor,” or 
“juice,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Pro- 
ducing or containing elaborated sap, or 
special juices of plants, as the laticifer- 
ous tissue. 
Lat-i-fla'rus.* [From la'tus, 
“broad,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
broad flowers: latiflo'rous. 
S. [ILalifo'lms; from 
la'tus, “broad,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having broad leaves. 
JLa-tis'sI-inus.* [The superlative de- 
gree of la'tus, “broad.”] The “ broadest;” 
applied to the Platysma niyodes, which is 
called the Latissimus colli (The “Broad- 
est [Muscle] of the Neck”), and to the 
Aniscalptor of Cowper, more frequently 
called the Latissimus dorsi (The “Broad- 
est [Muscle] of the Back”). 
Iiat'I-tucle. [ Latltu do: from la'tus, 
“broad.”] Literally, “breadth.” The 
distance of a heavenly body from the 
ecliptic, or of a place from the equator. 
lLatticecl. See Cancellatus. 
I.nucIaLlo Pus. Sec Healtiiv Pus. 
Lau'da-num.* [From lau’do, to 
“praise."] The Tinetu'ra o'pii. 
T. lau-ra'slie-e. A natu- 
ral order of exogenous trees, found in 
the cooler parts of the tropics, and some 
temperate countries. It comprises the 
Cinnamon, Lau'rus (including the Bay- 
tree, or true laurel), and Sassafras. The 
species are generally tonic, stimulant, 
and aromatic. Camphor is an abundant 
product of this order. 
Ihaii-ra'ceons. [laura'ccas.] Re- 
sembling the Lauras, 
292 Lau'rel. The genus Lauras. 
Lau'rel, Al-ex-an drl-an. The 
Primus laurocerasus. 
Laurier. Sec Laurus. 
Lau'ro-ffo'a-sns.® The Pharma- 
copceial name (Br. Ph.) for the Primus 
laurocerasus. 
Lan'rns.* (Fr. Laurier, lb're-i'.) 
A Linnasan genus of the class Ennean- 
dria, natural order Lauraveie. The 
Pharmacopceial name (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
for the fruit of Laurus nobilis. 
Lau rus C'aam'pbo-ra.* The Lin- 
naean name of the camphor-tree. See 
Camphora Officinarum. 
Lan'rns Cas'sia* (kash'e-a). The 
systematic name of the Cassia lignea (or 
wild cinnamon) tree, the bark of which, 
according to some authorities, is called 
Cassia lignea, and the leaves Folia mala- 
bathri. 
Lan'rns Cta-na-mo'mum.* The 
name (Dub. Ph.) of the cinnamon-tree. 
Lan'rns Cn-lX-la'wan.* The sys- 
tematic name of a species, the bark of 
which is called Cortex culilawan, and 
closely resembles cinnamon. 
Lan'rns 3fob'I-lis.® The bay-laurel, 
or sweet-bay. 
Lan'rns Sas'sa-fras.® The sassa- 
fras-tree. 
La'va. [From the German Lau'fen, 
to “run,” to “flow”?] A generic term 
for all mineral substances melted by 
volcanic fire, and east forth in the form 
of burning streams. 
Lav-a-men'tum.* [From la'vo, to 
“wash.”] A clyster, or injection. 
Lavande. See Lavandula. 
La-van'du-la.® [From la'vo, to 
“wash;” because it was much used in 
lotions.] (Fr. Lavande, li'voNd'.) Laven- 
der. A Linnaean genus of the class Didg- 
namia, natural order Labiates. The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for 
the flowers of Lavandula spica, or Lavan- 
dula rcra; the Lavandulae Spicse Flores 
(“Flowers of Lavandula Spica”) of the 
Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
Lavan'dula Spi'ca.* The common 
lavender-plant. 
Lavandula Ve'ra.* The same as 
Lavandula Spica. 
Lavender. See Lavandula. 
Lavendnla. See Lavandula. 
Lav-I-pe'dI-um.® A bath for the 
feet. 
Law-so'nI-a I«-er'mis.* The sys- 
tematic name of the plant from which 
the henne of Egypt is obtained. 
Lax-a'tion. [Laxa'tio,o'nis; from 
LAU 
Icix'o, laxa'tum, to “loosen.”] A loosen- 
ing, or purgation. 
Lax'a-tlve. [Laxati'vus; from 
the same.] Slightly purgative. 
Lax-a'tor, o'ri*.* [From the same.] 
A relaxer. Applied to muscles. 
Laxa tor Tym'pa-nt.* A muscle 
of the tympanum attached to the handle 
of the malleus. 
Lax-I-cos-ta'tus.% [From lax'us, 
“loose,” “free,” and cos'ta, a “rib.”] 
Furnished with solitary or distinct ribs. 
Lax-i-flo'rus.* [From lax'us, 
“loose,” or “ free,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] 
Having distinct flowers : laxiflo'rous. 
Lax-X-fo'lI-us.* [From lax'us, 
“ loose,” or “ free,” and f o'Hum, a “ leaf.”] 
Having distinct leaves: laxifo'lious. 
Lax'us.* Literally, “ loose;” hence, 
spread out; diffused. Applied to a con- 
dition of animal fibre. 
Laz-a-ret'to. (Italian.) A hospi- 
tal for persons afflicted with contagious 
diseases. A building set apart for the 
performance of quarantine. 
Lb. or Lib. == Li'bra.* A “pound.” 
Lead. [Lat. Plum bum; Gr. 
doj; Fr. Plomb, pl<W>.] A soft, flexible, 
inelastic metal, of a bluish-gray color. 
It is ductile and malleable, but possesses 
very little tenacity. It has a bright me- 
tallic lustre when freshly cut, but quickly 
tarnishes on exposure to air. Its specific 
gravity is 11.38. It fuses at about 600°. 
The most important ore of lead is the 
sulphuret, the galena of the mineralo- 
gists. For the compounds of lead, see 
Plumbum, Plumbi, etc. 
Lead,Sugar of. See Plumbi Acetas. 
Leaf. [Fo'liuin, Frons.J An or- 
gan performing in plants the functions 
of respiration and assimilation. It con- 
sists of the lamina and petiole, and is 
the type of the other organs. See Type. 
Leaf-Stall*. See Petiole. 
Leaflet. See Foliole. 
Leafy. See Foliaceous. 
Leanness. Sec Emaciation. 
Leather-Like, or Leathery. See 
CORIACEUS. 
Lec'tus.* A bed or couch. 
Lecythidaceie,* le-sith-e-da'she-e. 
[From Leq'ythis, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous trees, found 
in South America. The well-known 
Brazil-nut is a product of this order. 
Ledoyen’s Dis-in- 
fec'ting Flu id. A solution of nitrate 
of lead in water. 
Leech. See IIirudo Medicinalis. 
Legume. [Legu'men, Legu'- 
LEG 
293 LEG 
LEN 
minis; from le'go, to “gather up.”] 
(Fr. Legume, l&'giim'.) A pericarp of 
two oblong valves in which the seeds are 
ranged along one suture only. 
I.o-yii-mi-na'ris.* [From legu'men, 
a “legume.”] Applied to the dehiscence 
of pericarps by a marginal suture: 
legu'minar. 
l<c-£»i'inI-nI-for'mis.* [From le- 
gu'men, a “legume.”] Having the form 
of a legume : leguminiform. 
or Fabaceav* 
fa-ba'she-e. A large and important nat- 
ural order of exogenous plants, found in 
all parts of the world. It includes a 
variety of useful and beautiful species, 
some of which, as clover and lueern, 
are cultivated for cattle; others, as peas 
and beans, form part of tho food of man. 
Indigo, liquorice, gum-Arabic, and senna 
are products of this order. The proper- 
ties of many species are tonic, purgative, 
or narcotic. 
Le-jgii'm i-nous. [Legninino'siiN; 
from legu'men, a “legume.”] Having 
legumes. 
I.emi l 11 a.* [Gr. Xsippa; from An'™, to 
“leave.”] The residue, or what is left 
of a thing. 
Lei-o-car'pus.* [From Xsio;, 
“smooth,” and Kitpizos, “fruit.”] Hav- 
ing smooth fruit, as the Heylandia leio- 
carpa, and Panicum leiocarpum. 
[From Xrioj, 
“smooth,” and «:6aXrj, the “head.”] 
Having a smooth head, or hat. Applied 
to a species of mushroom. 
liei-o-plijrl'Iiis.* [From Xstoj, 
“smooth,” and <pv\\os, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing smooth leaves: smooth leaved. 
Lel-o-pi'lus.* [From Xnoj, “smooth,” 
and 7rfXo;, a “ hat.”] Having a smooth 
or glabrous hat. Usod in the same man- 
ner as Leiocephai.es. 
Eei'o-pus, | t’odis.® [From Xrio;, 
‘‘smooth,” and j:ov;. a “foot.”] Having 
a smooth stipes, as the Helotium leiopus. 
Lei-o-sper'imis.® [From X-io,-, 
“smooth,” and <rTipp,i, a “seed.”] Hav- 
ing smooth seed, as the Galium leio- 
spermum. 
Eel-n-sta'eliy-us.* [From Xtio;, 
“ smooth,” and ara\v;, an “ ear of corn.”] 
Having smooth ears; tho glumes which 
compose them being smooth and glabrous, 
as the Trista’ehya leiosta'chya. 
Eei-po-tliym'I-a.* [From Xeito, to 
“relinquish,” to “fail,” and Oup'ij, the 
“ mind.”] The sensation of sinking, or 
fainting; Dcliquiiim animi: syncope. 
Lemma,* gen. Leni'ma-tis. [Gr. 
\iypa- from Xma, to “decorticate.”] The 
cortex, or bark; the coat, or covering 
of plants. 
Lcin'mij.® [Gr. Xifyip-i; from \ap6dvo>, 
to “ receive,” or “ take.”] Something 
assumed or taken for granted as the basis 
of an argument; also, the demonstration 
of some premise, in order to render what 
follows more easy. 
Ii(‘imia(‘ea‘.s lem-na'she-e, or I*is- 
tiacese,* pis-te-a'she-e. A natural 
order of endogenous plants, often found 
in ditches. It includes the Lenina (Duck- 
weed). 
Lemon. [Li’mon. o'ni*.] The 
fruit of the Citrus medico. 
JLem-on-nile'. A beverage com- 
posed of lemon-juice diluted with water 
and sweetened. 
bullion Scurry-Grass. The 
C'chleu'ria officina'lis, regarded as a 
powerful antiscorbutic. 
Lem ons, A<;'ul of. Citric acid. 
Lemons, Salt of. Oxalic acid, 
with a small portion of potash. 
Lenientia,* le-ne-en'she-a. [From 
le'nio, to “allay.”] Medicines which al- 
lay irritation. 
I.eu l-tlve. [ I.enili viis; from the 
same.] Assuaging; gently palliating. 
Len'itive E-Iec'tu-a-ry. The Com- 
fectio sennie compositer. 
liens,*- gen. Lien'tis. [A “lentil;” be- 
cause it is usually convex like a lentil.] A 
piece of glass, or transparent substance, 
formed so as, by its refraction, to converge 
or scatter tho rays of light. See Eve. 
Eentibulariaceav* len-tib-u-la-re- 
a'she-e. [From Lentibula' ria, one of tho 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
herbaceous plants, found in marshes and 
streams in all parts of the world. 
I.eii-f I-cella,* pin ral Len-t i-ccfla*. 
[From lens, a “lentil.”] Applied to 
ruddy oval points upon the bark of the 
branches of trees. Also, tho same as 
Lenticula, which see. 
Len-tl-ccl-lii'tus.® Having lenti- 
cellee. 
Eeii-tic'u-la.® [Diminutive of lens, 
a “lentil.”] A smaller kind of lentil. 
Also, an instrument for removing irregu- 
larities of bone from the edge of the per- 
foration made in tho cranium with the 
trephine. 
IiOii-f Ic'u-lar. ! Lenticula'ris; 
from lens, a “lentil.”] Lens-shaped; 
double-convex. 
Eentic'ular Gan gli-on. A small 
reddish body near the back part of the 
orbit of tho eye, between the optic nerve 
294 LEN 
LEP 
and the external rectus muscle; also 
termed Ophthalmic ganglion. 
Lentic'ular Pa-pil'lae. The papil- 
la! situated at the posterior part of the 
tongue 
I.pn-tiror-us.®' [From lens, a “len- 
til,” and fe'ro, to “bear.’’] Applied to 
flowers having receptacles in the form 
of lentils. 
Lai ti-forin. [Lcntifor mis; from 
lens, a “ lentil.”] Formed like a lens. 
Len-tig'cr-ns.® [From lens, a “len- 
til,” and ge'ro, to “carry.”] The same 
as Lentiferus: lentigerous. 
I,en-tis'*-noso. Freckled or dusty- 
dotted, as the purts of some plants. 
inis* [From lens, a 
“lentil.”] A cutaneous affection chiefly 
of the face, in which there are spots of 
the color and size of the lentil seed. 
l,en'til. The genus Ervum: the seed 
of Ervum. 
Len'tor, o'ris.* [From len'tus, 
“ slow,” “ tough,” “ viscid.”] Viscidity, 
or gluey consistence, of any fluid. 
L,e-on-ti's»-sis.‘® [From Xionf, a “ lion” ?] 
A name applied to the disease known as 
the Elephantiasis Greecorum, and other 
forms of leprosy. 
I,e-on'to-don, on'ti*.® [From Xzoyv, 
the “lion,” and o-Vuf, a “tooth;” named 
from the tooth-like sections of the leaves.] 
A Linnaean genus of the class Sgnge- 
nesia, natural order Composites. 
Leon'todon Ta-rax a-caiin.® The 
plant Dandelion ; also called Dens Leoms. 
I.e-o-nu riis.® [From Xctnv, a “lion,” 
and oipit, a “tail.”] Like the tail of a 
lion: leonu'rous. 
Rgop'ard’s Bane. The common 
name for the plant Arnica montana. 
Lep'al. A sterile transformed stamen. 
Bep-i-dan'tlie-us.® [From Arm's, 
XcTrtcog, a “scale,” or “husk,” and iVOo-, a 
“flower.”] Having flowers like scales; 
squamiflorous. 
I. 'dron.® [From Ann's, a 
“scale,” and 6inipoj, a “tree.”] A genus 
of fossil trees found in coal-beds. They 
are sometimes several feet in diameter, 
and are covered with regular rhomboidal 
projections, like scales, arranged in spiral 
rows, extending around the tree from 
base to summit. 
J, [From Asm's, a “ scale.”] 
Resembling scales; scaly. 
I.epi-doid. [ILepMol'des; from 
Asms, a “ scale,” and sicio;, a “ form.”] 
Resembling a scale. 
bep-I-do-phyllous. [I.epido- 
pfajTliis; from Asm's, a “scale,” and 
<piXXov, a “leaf.”] Haying leaves in the 
form of scales. 
I.ep-1-do-plas'tiis.® [From As?rt's, a 
“ scale,” and irXaooai, to “ form.”] Form- 
ing scales. 
Le]>i<loptera. See Lepidopterus. 
S.cjj-i-dop'tcr-us.® [From Asm's, a 
“ scale,” and nrcpov, a “ wing.”] Lepidop'- 
terous; having wings sprinkled, or par- 
tially covered, with scales. Applied in 
the plural neuter (Lepidop'tera) to an 
order of insects having four wings so 
covered. It includes the butterfly, and 
what are popularly called “millers.” 
IiPp-i-do'sis.5 [From Asm's, a“ scale.”] 
A name for Ichthyosis, which see. 
Lep i-dote. [ Lepido'tus; from 
Asm's, a “scale.”] Furnished with scales; 
scaly, or scurfy. 
Lep-o-rl'num I.ji'bi-iiin,® T.ep- 
ori'nuni Rostrum.®' The defect 
called hare-lip. 
J>p'ra.*' [Gr. Xbrpa, “leprosy.”] 
(Fr. Lepre, lepR or l&pR.) Leprosy. A 
disease of the skin distinguished by cir- 
cular scaly patches. A genus of the order 
Jmpetigenes, class Cachexite, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
liCp'ra Ar'a-bnin.* An epithet of 
Elephantiasis G rsecorwn, or tubercular 
Elephantiasis. 
I.fcpre. See Lepra. 
Llpmix. See Leprous. 
bep-r i 'ii-sis.® [F rom Awpof, “ rough.”] 
The specific name for leprosy, or Lepi- 
dosis lepriasis. 
Bep'rl-cus.® Belonging to lepra: 
lep'ric. 
Iiep-roph-thal'ml-a.* [From Afapa, 
the “leprosy,” and dtpOaXpo;, the “eye.”] 
Leprous ophthalmia. 
I.ep-ropli-t Beal'inns.® [From the 
same.] The eye affected by leproph- 
tlialmy; also, the patient laboring under 
that affection. 
I.ep-ro-sa'rl-mn.® A hospital for 
the treatment of leprosy ; a leper-house, 
or Domus leprosarius. 
I.pp-ro-sa'rt-us. [From As-rpa,“lep- 
rosy.”] Belonging to lepra. 
i.ep-ro'sls.® [From AUpa, “leprosy.”] 
The progress of leprosy. 
liepros.y. See Lepra. 
Lep’roas. [Lepro'sus; from Up'- 
ra.\ (Fr. Lepreux, li’pRuh'.) Belong- 
ing to lepra; scaly. 
I,ep-ta-can'tlius.* [From Xzn to;, 
“ slender,” and asavda, a “ spine.”] Hav- 
ing slender spines. 
I,ep-tan'dra.* A name applied to 
the root of the Veronica Virginica. It 
295 LEP 
LEU 
has been placed on tho primary list of 
the Materia Medica in the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for 1860. The active principle 
of the plant, called Leptan’drin, is re- 
garded as an excellent cholagogue cathar- 
tic, and is extensively used as a substi- 
tute for mercury. 
Lcp-tau’drill. [Lcptandri'na.] 
Sec preceding article. 
Lep-to-cau' 1 is.® [From Arrrrdf, 
“slender,” and xavXos, a “stem.”] Hav- 
ing a slender stem. 
a-Ius. : [From Anrrds, 
“slender,” and fcc/iaAi';, a “head.”] Hav- 
ing a small head. Applied to plants or 
flowers. 
Lpp-tocli'ro-a,® or Lep-torli'ros.* 
[From Xarrdi, “fine,” or “slender,” and 
Xpoa, the “ skin.”] A fine, thin, soft, or 
delicate membrane. 
Lep'to-don, on'fis.* [From Acrrrdf, 
“fine,” or ‘‘slender,” and ddofij, a “tooth.”] 
Having very small teeth. 
Lep-to-pet'a-lus.® [From Xen-rog, 
“ slender,” and niraXuu, a “ petal.”] Hav- 
ing strait or narrow petals. 
Lep-to-p!iyI'lus.® [From Aenrdj, 
“ slender,” and <pi>XXov, a “ leaf.”] Having 
slender leaves. 
Lep-top'o-dus.® [From Xcnrog, 
“slender,” and xovg, a “foot.”] Having 
a slender stipes, or foot. 
Lep-to-rlii'zus.® [From Xsrrrog, 
“slender,” and pi'ia, a “root.”] Having 
slender roots. 
Lep-to-sep'a-lus.® [From Astn-df, 
“slender,” and sep'alum, a “sepal.”] 
Having narrow, linear sepals. 
Lep-to-sper'me-us.® Applied in 
the plural feminine (Leptosper'rnese) to a 
tribe of Myrtacex, having the Leptosper- 
mam for their type : leptosper'meous. 
Lep-to-sper'anus.® [From Xm6g, 
“ slender,” and traipua, a “ seed.”] Hav- 
ing very small seeds : leptosper'mous. 
Lep-to-sta'cliy-us.® [From Aeirrog, 
“ slender,” and ardxvg, an “ear of corn.”] 
Having slender ears. 
Lep-to-sty'lus.® [FromXarrog, “ slen- 
der,” and orvXog, a “ style.”] Having a 
filiform style. 
Lep-to-trfeh'i-a.® [From Xerrrdg, 
“slender,” or “fine,”, and flptf, “hair.”] 
Fineness, or thinness, of the hair. 
Le'Slon. [Lse'sio, o'nis ; from lie'do, 
lx'sum, to “hurt.”] Literally, an “in- 
jury.” A vitiated or depressed condition 
of any organ or part. Applied in Surgery 
to a hurt, wound, or injury of a part. 
Le'sioai of Bfu-trl'tion. A term for 
those pathological alterations which 
originate in the capillary system, con- 
sisting in any excess or deficiency of tho 
particles of blood in the process of as- 
similation and absorption, etc. 
Le'tbal. [Lctha'lis; from le'thitm, 
“ death.”] Belonging to death; mortal; 
fatal. 
Lo-tlml'I-ty. [ I.otliai'itas. a 'tis; 
from Ictha'lis, “ deadly.”] The quality 
of being deadly, or fatal; mortality. 
har jfic. [Letliar'gicus.] Be- 
longing to a state of lethargy. 
Lelh'ar-gy. [Lei tiargus; from 
AijOc, “forgetfulness.”] A state of marked 
drowsiness, or sleep, which cannot be 
driven off. 
Lettuce. See Lactuca. 
Lettuce Opium. See Lactucarium. 
Lettuce, Opium- or Strong-scent- 
ed. See Lactuca Yirosa. 
Leucaemia. See Leucii.rmia. 
Leii-eae-tlil-o'pl-a.* [From Ariwo,-, 
“white,” and aldioifj, an “Ethiopian,” or 
“ negro.”] The same as Albinism, which 
see. 
Leii-sae'tlil-ops, op;*.# [From tho 
same.] See Albino. 
Leu-can'tlious. [Leucan'thus; 
from Aejko,, “ white,” and arttoj, a “ flow- 
er.”] White-flowered. 
Leuc-hae'ml-a,® or Leii-ltop'ml-a.* 
[From XswcU, “white,” and aljia, tho 
“blood.”] Literally,“whiteblood.” Ap- 
plied by Virchow to a morbid condition 
of the blood, in which there is a continual 
increase in the colorless corpuscles, so 
that in some cases the number of the 
colorless globules is almost equal to that 
of the red ones. See Leucocytosis. 
I,oil'A*in. [Lcuci'na; from Anaro?, 
“white.”J A white, pulverulent sub- 
stance obtained from beef-fibre, etc. 
Lcii-AJitis, i e?is.® [From Aro/cof, 
“white.”] The same as Sclerotitis, 
which see. 
Leu-co-car'pus.® [From Af.vk6;, 
“ white,” and Kafmdg, “ fruit.”] Having 
white fruit: leucocar'pous. 
Leu-co-A*ep!i'si-lus.-'; [From Arturo,-, 
“white,” anil KtrpaXrj, the “‘ head.”] Hav- 
ing white flowers joined together in 
capitules. 
Leu-co-A*y-tlia;'mI-a.* [From Aswroj, 
“white,” <ruro>, a “ cell,” and a?pa,“ blood.”] 
Sometimes applied, like leuchxmia, to a 
state of the blood in which there is a 
superabundance of colorless corpuscles ; 
more properly, fatty blood in which 
there is a milky, opalescent appearance; 
white-cell blood. 
Leu-eo-£jMo'sis.® [From Xsvkos, 
296 LEV 
“white,” and kvtoa “cell.”] A term 
applied by Virchow to a morbid con- 
dition, in which there is an increase in 
the colorless corpuscles of the blood, de- 
pendent (as he supposes) on an affection 
of the lymphatic glands. He considers 
leukxmia to be a “sort of permanent 
progressive leucocytosisand the latter, 
a “transitory process connected with 
fluctuating conditions in certain organs.” 
keti-co-den'dron,* 1 Au-co-dcn- 
druin.* [From Ariacds, “white,” and 
ihipov, a “tree.”] The specific name of 
the Melaleuca leucodendron. 
Leu'col. [From Atukoj, “white,” and 
o'leum, “ oil.”] A basic substance found 
in the naphtha of coal gas. 
kefi-co-lo'mus.* [From An>*<%, 
“white,” and \d>pa, a “frame.”] Bor- 
dered with white. 
[.cu-conia, a 7/s.* [From Xswnk, 
“white.”] A milky opacity of the cor- 
nea, the effect of an ulcer or wound, with 
loss of substance ; the pin and web. See 
Albugo. 
Having leu- 
coma : leucom'atous. 
keii-oo-ma-to-i'deS.* [From leu- 
co'ma, and «<5o?, a “ form.”] Resembling 
leucoma: leucom'atoid. 
Iicu-com'ma, afts.® [From Xcwdj, 
“white,” and oupa, “appearance.”] A 
white opacity of the cornea. 
IiOU-co-no'tiis.* [From Xtuvo?, 
“white,” and vcoroj, the “back.”] White 
on the under-surface. Applied to leaves. 
Is'u-co-pa-fhia.* [From X £w<k, 
“white,” and iritOos, “disease.”] A dis- 
ease affecting negroes, by which they 
become white, and termed Albinos. 
Iiefl-co-path'I-cns.* Belonging to 
leucopathia. 
Leii-co-phIeg'ma-s,f. [I,eiico- 
phlosma'sia; from Aedxos, “white,” 
and <j>\sypa, “phlegm.”] A dropsical 
tendency, denoted by a pale, tumid, and 
flabby condition of body. 
Leu-co-phles-mat'lc. [ Isiico- 
phlejgmat'icns.] Belonging to leuco- 
phlegmasy. 
U‘fi-co-|)lil<'s;-aia-loilcs.f [From 
leucophlegma'siaJ] Having leucophleg- 
masy. 
liCfl-co-phleg-ma-to-i'cleS.* [From 
leucophlegma'sia, and u&os, a “form.”] 
Resembling leucophlegmasy. 
I^eu-co- 
phtfllus* [From Xem6f, “white,” 
and (/wXXok, a “leaf.”] Having white 
jeaves. 
Jue"J-eop'i-per, eris.* [From Arwcoj, 
LEU 
“white,” and ircnspi, “pepper.”] Tho 
Piper album, or white pepper. Sen 
Piper. 
I^en-co-po'di-us^Iieu-cop'o-dus.* 
[From Xcwcds, “ white,” and nui>s, a “ foot.”] 
Having a white stipes, or white petioles. 
I,eu-e«i>'ter-us.;: [From \evx6s, 
“ white,” and irrepdv, a “wing.”] Having 
white wings: leucop'terous. 
Leu-eo'pns, p'odis* The same as 
Leucopodius, which see. 
keu-cor-rliee'a.® [From Arwo?, 
“white,” and p«o, to “flow.”] (Fr. Lcu- 
corrhie, A whitish mucous 
secretion of the vagina, arising from de- 
bility, or from inflammatory action; the 
whites; also termed Catarrhus vaginx, 
and Fluor albus. 
Belonging to 
leueorrhcea ; leucorrho'ic. 
Leu-co'sis. 5 The formation or pro- 
gress of leucoma. 
Leu-eo-sper mns.* [From Asiwrf?, 
“white,” and aneppa, a “seed.”] Having 
white fruit or seed: leucosper'mous. 
I.pfwos' to-mus.* [From Ajr*<k, 
“white,” and crdpa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
ing a white peristome, or white mouth. 
keu-cot/i-cus.® Belonging to leu- 
coma. 
leukaemia. See 
kevain, leh-vaN0'. The French term 
for Ferment, which see. 
lie-va'tor, o'risP [From le'vo, le- 
va'turn, to “raise,” to “lift up.”] An 
elevator, or lifter up. Applied to muscles. 
I.e'vcr. [From le'vo, to “lift up.”] 
A mechanical power, consisting of a rod 
or bar resting upon a certain determinate 
point, termed its fulcrum, which, if the 
object be to gain power, should always 
be nearer to the resistance to be over- 
come than to the force applied ; but when 
the object is to gain time, the fulcrum 
should be nearer to the force than to the 
resistance. SeeVECTiS. 
Lev-i-eos'tate. [kaevf eosta'tus; 
from lx'vis,“ smooth,”and cos'ta, a “ rib.”] 
Having smooth ribs. 
Lev-I-fo'lI-ons. [ Lsevifo'lius ; 
from Ix'vis, “ smooth,” and fo'lium, a 
“leaf.”] Having smooth leaves. 
IiPv'I-gate. [kseviga'tus; from 
Ixv'iqo, Ixviga'tum, to “smooth.”] 
Smoothly polished. 
Lev-i-ga'tion. [tevlga'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The process of rubbing 
down any hard substance to an impal- 
pable powder, so that no roughness or 
grittiness is perceptible. 
liev'i-pede. [Ijc'vipes. p 'edis; 
297 from lee'vis, “smooth,” andpes, a “foot.”] 
Having smooth feet. 
leva or I&vr. The French 
term for “lip.” See Labium, and 
Lip. 
1.0X1 jsJiiirmio. See Alexipharmic. 
Gey. See Lye. 
liat'te-ry. A num- 
ber of Leyden jars, connected externally 
by being placed on tinfoil, or other good 
conductor, and internally by a metallic 
rod or wire communicating with the in- 
ternal coating of each jar. 
Gey'den Jar. A glass jar or bottle, 
coated to within a short distance from 
the top with tinfoil, within and without, 
and having a rod with a ball at the top 
passing through the cork to the interior 
coating. It is used for accumulating 
electricity in larger quantity than in tho 
prime conductor. 
Gi-as'le, or Gi-as'sic. [Gias'siciis.] 
Applied to a group of strata, of which 
the rock which forms the type has been 
named Lias by English geologists. 
Gl'ber.*" The interior fibrous bark 
of exogenous plants. It serves to con- 
vey downwards the secretions elaborated 
in the bark and leaves. 
Gl-bi'do, A1 inis* [From li'beo, to 
“please,” or “like.”] Venereal desire. 
Id'bra.* [From \irpa, a “silver 
coin,” or a “pound.”] A pound-weight. 
Gieli'cn. [Lat. Gi'ehen, e'n/s ; Gr. 
Asixqj'.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Cryptogamia. Also, a disease consisting 
in extensive eruption of papulee, usually 
terminating in scurf. 
Id'chen Ce-tra'rl-a.® Iceland 
moss, or liverwort, now called Cetraria 
Is/andica. 
Li'chcn Is-lan'dl-ca.'* The same as 
Lichen Cetraria. 
Id'chon Roc-?el'la.5f The herb from 
which Litmus, or Lacmus, is obtained; 
the lloccella tinctoria. 
Gi'ehen Sax-at'I-lis.* The Mus'cus 
cra'nii huma'ni, a plant sometimes grow- 
ing on the human skull. 
Liclic-imlc. | Liciie'ims, a't/s.] 
A combination of lichenic acid with a 
salifiable base. 
Gi-«lie'neS,* the plural of Lichen, 
W’hich see. 
IJ-cIien'ie. [Gichen'icus.] Be- 
longing to lichens; applied to an acid 
discovered in the Cetraria Islandica. 
LiclM‘-iiic’o-lus.; [From li'chen, 
and co'ln, to “ inhabit.”] That which 
grows upon lichens. 
Gi-chen-I-for'inis.* [From li'chen.] 
LEV 
Having the appearance of lichen; 
licheniform. 
Lii'h'e-nin. [Lichenl'na.] A 
substance obtained from the Lichen 
Islandica. 
Lich-e-no-grapli'ic. [Ideheno- 
gTaph'icus.] Belonging to lichenog- 
raphy. 
[Ldcheno- 
gra plcia: from li'chen, and yp<i<p<n, to 
“write.”] A description of lichens. 
Id-chen-o-i'cleS.* [From li'chen, 
and cico;, a “form.”] Resembling a 
lichen: lich'enoid. 
I.ieli-e.nol'o-fcf. [ Idchenolo'- 
tsS«: from li'chcn, and Xoyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] The part of Botany devoted 
to lichens. 
Idch eiMins. [Licheno'sus; from 
li'chcn.] Pertaining to lichens; resem- 
bling a lichen. 
Lid. See Operculum. 
Idcbcrkii'linii (lee-ber-ku'ne-i) 
Olan'tlu-lse.* (“Glands of Lieber- 
kiihn.”) See Lieberkuiin’s Glands. 
Ideberkiilin’s (lee'ber-kiinz') 
Glands, or Fol'll-cles. [Glan dnl* 
or Gryp'tse Idcberkulinia'na*.] 
The minute tubular glands of the small 
intestine, first described by Lieberkiihn. 
Id'en,* gen. I.i-e nis. The organ or 
viscus of the abdominal cavity called tho 
spleen. 
Idenomalncia,*le-en-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From Wen, the “ spleen,” and yaKania, a 
“softening.”] Morbid softening of the 
spleen. 
U'en-ter-jf. [Idente'ria; from 
Xctof, “smooth,” and i-nepov, an “intes- 
tine.”] A species of diarrhoea, in which 
the food passes rapidly through the 
bowels undigested. 
Idle. [Lat. Vi'ta; Gr./Ji'oj and?&»j; Fr. 
Vie, vA] That mysterious principle ex- 
isting in organized beings, whereby they 
are endowed with certain powers or func- 
tions peculiar to themselves, and not pos- 
sessed by any form of inorganic matter. 
As soon as life has ceased in any ani- 
mal (or plant), the matter of which this 
is composed, being no longer protected by 
the vital forces, is thenceforth subject to 
those laws of affinity which regulate the 
composition of inorganic bodies, and that 
combination of elements which was the 
result of life, gives place to new combi- 
nations, formed in obedience to the la ws 
of chemistry. Bichat defined life to be 
the “aggregate of those functions which 
resist death.” 
Lig'jj-ment. [Ugauien'tuni; 
LIG 
298 from li'go, liya'tum, to “bind.”] A 
peculiar, elastic, membranous substance, 
connect ins the ends of movable bones. 
Ligr-a-men ta,* the plural of Liya- 
rnentum. See Ligament. 
Ligameutn Stib-fla'va* (“Yel- 
lowish Ligaments”), otherwise called 
Yel low Lig aments. The ligaments 
occupying the intervals between the ver- 
tehrtr, which thus complete the back part 
of the spinal canal. They are com- 
posed of dense, yellow, elastic fibres. 
Lig-a-mentous. [l.igamouto- 
sus; from liyamen'tum, a “ligament.”] 
Of the nature of a ligament; belonging 
to a ligament. 
Lig-'u-meuts. Yagl-iml. [ Liga- 
meii'ta Vagina’lia. j A term for the 
sheath-like ligaments of the flexor ten- 
dons of the fingers. 
Ligamentum C'oracoidetim. See 
CouAcom Ligament. 
1.1-ga'tion. [Liga'tio, o'nig ; from 
li'go, liya'tum, to “bind.”] The act of 
tying, or of applying a ligature, as to an 
artery, etc. 
Lig'a-ture. [Ligatn'ra;•from the 
same.] A thread of silk, flax, or other 
suitable material, for tying arteries, or 
other parts. 
Light. [Lat. Lux; Gr. -cbdis; Fr. 
Lumiere, lume-eR'.] The agent of 
vision. It is distinguished into two 
kinds, viz.: natural light, proceeding 
from the sun and stars, and artificial 
light, proceeding frotn terrestrial bodies 
which burn or which are strongly heated. 
The phenomena of light may be referred 
to the following heads:— 
1. Radiation, the emission of light, 
or of caloric, in all directions, in the form 
of radii, or rays. A collection of such 
rays, passing nearly in the same direc- 
tion, is termed a pencil. The radiant 
point is the point from which- diverging 
rays proceed; the focus, the point to 
which converging rays are collected. 
2. Reflection, the rebound of a ray of 
light, or of caloric, from a polished sur- 
face : the angle of incidence being equal 
to the angle of reflection. 
o. Refraction, the break of the natu- 
ral course of a ray of light as it passes 
into a transparent substance, as glass, or 
water; this is termed ordinary refraction. 
Tf a ray fall upon the surface of Iceland 
spar, or certain other substances, it will 
be split into two portions, making an 
angle with each other, and each pursu- 
ing its own separate course; this is 
called double refraction,—one of these 
LIG 
rays following the same rule as if the 
substynce were glass or water, the other 
undergoing extraordinary refraction. 
lagne, l£n. The French term for 
“line.” See Line A. 
Ligm> Blanche, l£n bloxsh. .The 
French term for Linea Ai.ba, which see. 
Lig'ne-ous. [Ugiicim; from lig'- 
num, “wood.”] (Fr. Ligneux, l&n'yuh'.) 
Of the nature of wood; resembling 
wood; woody. 
Lig*nifer-ons. [Ugniferus; 
from lig'nnm, “wood,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing wood. 
S.ig'ni-t’orin. [Ligitiror iiiis; from 
liy'num, “wood.”] Kesembling wood. 
liig'nln, or Lig'nine. [Ligni’na; 
from the same.] The woody fibre con- 
stituting the fibrous structure of vegeta- 
ble substances, the most abundant prin- 
ciple in plants. 
I.ig'noHK. [IdgTio'sus; from the 
same.] Wooden, or like wood ; woody. 
IJgr'mim.* A Latin word signify- 
ing “wood,” used in medicine chiefly 
in such phrases as Liynnm Quassite, Liy- 
num Vitte, etc. See Wood. 
Lignum C'am-pc-chf-a'num.* 
(“Campeachy AVood.”) See ILema- 
TOXYLON. 
Lignum Col-ii-bri'nnm.* 
(“Snake Wood.”) Another name for 
the Aristolochia Serpentaria. 
Lignum In'dI-cum.* (“Indian 
AVood.”) The wood of the Heematoxylon 
Ca mpeehianum. 
Lignum Quassite. See Quassia. 
LigiiumA'i'lte.® (“AVood of Life.”) 
The wood of Guaiacum officinale. See 
Guaiaci Lignum. 
l.ig'u-la.® [As if lin'yula, diminutive 
of lin'yua, a “tongue.”] A little tongue. 
The tongue of the Crustacea, Arachni- 
des, and fnsecta. 
Lig'udate. [Ligula'tns; from 
liy'ula, a “little tongue,” also, a “ strap.”] 
Strap-shaped. 
IAgr'nle. [ Lig 'ula. a “little tongue,” 
or “strap.”] A strap-shaped corolla. 
ids -u-Iif er-us.® [From liy'ula, a 
“little tongue,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing ligules. 
Lig-u-ll -flo'rus.* [From liy’ula, a 
“little tongue,” and flos, a “flower.”] 
Having ligulated corollas. 
Lig-u-1 i-foll-us.® [From liy'ula, 
a “little tongue.” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having linear leaves. 
Idg'n-ll-forni. [Ligulifnr'mis; 
from liy'ula, a “little tongue.”] Like a 
ligulated corolla. 
LIG 
299 LIL 
LIN 
Iiil'I-a,* the plural of Idl'I-nni, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. Sec LiliacevE. 
Lriliacese,® lil-e-a'she-e. [From 
Lil'ium, one of the genera.] A large 
natural order of endogenous plants, 
natives of many tropical and temperate 
regions. It includes the lily, tulip, hy- 
acinth, asparagus, onion, and other 
plants prized for beauty or utility. 
Among the products of this order are 
aloes, squills, and New Zealand flax. 
Several species are used as purgatives 
or emetics. 
Lil-ba'ceons. [Lilia'ceus; from 
lil'ium, a “lily.”] Resembling the lily, 
or Liliacese. 
IAI-I-i-flo'rus.® [From lil'ium, a 
“lily,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers resembling the lily. 
Lil-I-i-for'mls.* [From lil'ium, a 
“lily.”] Having the form of a lily. 
Iiil'i-um.* The lily. A Linnaean 
genus of the class Hexandria, natural 
order Liliacese. 
Idm. == Limo'nes.% “ Lemons.” 
Umafoii, The French 
term for Cochlea, which see. 
I.im-a-t li ra. [From li'ma, a “ file.”] 
The filings of a metal. 
Idmatu'ra Fer'ri.* (“Filings of 
Iron,” or “ Iron Filings.”) A prepara- 
tion used as a mild chalybeate. 
Idmb. [From lim'bus, a “border”?] 
One of the extremities of an animal, as a 
leg, or arm. Applied in Botany to the 
blade or-lamina of a petal, a sepal, etc.; 
the expanded part of a corolla, or calyx. 
Lim'bate. [From the same.] Bor- 
dered. 
IJm-bif'er-ns.* [From lim'bus, a 
“border,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Hav- 
ing a border, or margin. 
lime. [Lat. Calx, Cal'cis; Fr. 
Chaux, shb.] Oxide of calcium; one of 
the primitive earths, abundant in nature, 
but always united to an acid, most fre- 
quently the carbonic. 
liime. [Id'nion, o'nis.] The fruit 
of the Citrus limetta, or Citrus limo- 
num. 
Uine, flilo'rWe of. A compound of 
chlorine and lime, much used as a disin- 
fecting agent. For this purpose, one 
pound may be dissolved in, or mixed 
with, six gallons of water. 
Idme'stone. [I.a'i»is Calca'reus.] 
Carbonate of lime; one of the most 
abundant and most important of strati- 
fied rocks. 
I,im«-Water. See Liquor Calcis. 
film'I-ens.* [From hp6s, “hunger.”] 
Belonging to hunger. 
I.im-I-for'mis.* [From li'ma, a 
“file.”] Having the appearance of a file. 
1.1111- is. idis* [From 
Xtgi/n, a “ stagnant pool,” or “ marsh,” 
and mephi'tis, a “stink;” a “strong, 
heavy smell.”] Marsh-miasm, or the 
effluvia arising from vegetable matter in 
a putrescent state, as in moist or marshy 
ground. 
1.1111- [From a 
“stagnant pool,” or “marsh,” and m>\v- 
7rot'{, a “polypus.”] Applied in the plu- 
ral masculine (Limnopol'ypi) to a family 
of the Pol'ypi brachios'toma. 
I.i'mon," gen. I.i-mo'nis. The 
Pharmacopceial name for the fruit of 
the Ci'tru8 limo'num; and of the Ci'trus 
med'ica. 
IJ-mo'neS,* gen. Id-iiio'niiin, the 
plural of Limon, which see. 
Tii-mo'nis Oor'tex.* (“Rind of 
Lemon,” or “Lemon-Peel.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for the rind of the 
fruit of the Citrus limonum. 
Uino'nis Suc'eus.* (“ Lemon- 
juice.”) The name applied to the juice 
of the fruit of the Citrus limonum. It 
has been placed on the primary list of 
the Materia Medica of the U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia for 1860. 
lii-mo'num Oor'tex.* (“Rind of 
Lemons.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for the fresh and 
dry exterior rind of the fruit of the Cit- 
rus limonum. 
Id-mop ti'tlil-sis.:: [From X< p<5j, “hun- 
ger,” “famine,” and tpOiais, a “ wasting.”] 
Tabes, or wasting, from privation of food. 
Idin-op-so'ra.* [From Xigdf, “fam- 
ine,” and ipupa, “scabies.”] A kind of 
scabies which attacks man and the lower 
animals from long privation of food. 
Id-mo'sis.® [From Xi/ids, “famine.”] 
Morbid appetite. A genus of diseases 
characterized by depraved, excessive, or 
defective appetite. 
Idan-o-t!i£r-a-pi'a.® [From Xigdj, 
“hunger,” and depamia, the “system of 
healing.”] The treatment of disease by 
abstinence. 
lil’inous. or IA-mose'. [ff.imo'siis; 
from li'mus, “mud,” “clay,” “slime.”] 
Applied to plants growing in muddy soils. 
Sometimes applied to soil or strata com- 
posed of mud, argillaceous marl, or sand, 
either separate or combined. 
lAnaceae,* li-na'she-e. [From Li'- 
num, one of the genera.] A small natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants, natives, of 
300 Europe, Africa, etc. It includes Linum. 
(flax). The chief characters of this 
order are the tenacity of the fibres and 
the mucilage of the seeds. 
Lin-a-go'gus.® [From \ivov, a “flax- 
en thread,” and uyeu, to “lead.”] An 
instrument used in tho operation for 
vesico-vaginal fistula. 
Linainentum. See Lint. 
Linc'tus.® [From lin'go, line'turn, to 
“lick,” or “lap.”] A looch (or lohoch), 
or electuary; any medicine licked off 
the spoon because of its adhesive consis- 
tence. 
Line. See Linea. 
Lin'e-a,* plural Lin'e-se. [From 
li'num, a “thread.”] A line, or thread; 
the twelfth part of an inch. In Geometry, 
that which has length without breadth. 
Linea Alba.* (“White Line.”) (Fr. 
Ligne Blanche, 16fi bloNsh.) The central 
tendinous line extending from the ensi- 
form cartilage to the pubes. 
Lin'ea As'per-a.* (“ Rough Line.”) 
A rough prominence observed along the 
posterior surface of the femur. 
Lin'ea In-nom-i-na'ta.* Literally, 
the “ unnamed line.” An elevated line 
forming a part of the brim of the pelvis. 
Lin'e-ee Al-bi-can'tes.* (“Whitish 
Lines.”) Applied to certain shining 
reddish and whitish lines on the abdo- 
men, extending from the groins and pubes 
to the navel, sometimes occurring in 
women during the first three or four days 
after delivery. 
Lin'ea; Sem-i-lu-na'reA.® (“Semi- 
lunar Lines.”) The lines which bound 
the exterior margin of the recti muscles 
of the abdomen. 
Lin'ea; Trans-ver'sse.* (“Trans- 
verse Lines.”) The lines which cross 
the recti muscles; also applied to some 
fibres which run across the raphe of the 
corpus callosum. 
Lin'e-ar. [Linea'ris; from lin'ea, 
a “line.”] (Fr. Lineaire, lAnAeii'.) Dis- 
posed in lines; pertaining to, or in the 
form of, a line. In Botany, narrow, and 
much longer than broad, with parallel 
margins, as a leaf of grass. 
Liii-e-ar-i-t'oTi-us.S [From linea'- 
ris, “linear,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having linear leaves. 
Lin'c-ate. [Linca'tus; from lin'ea, 
a “line.”] Marked with lines; streaked. 
Lin-e-at-I-fo'H-us.* [From linea'- 
Ins, “linear,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having leaves of which the nervures run 
parallel from base to apex. 
Li-nc'o-la.* [Diminutive of lin'ea, 
LIN 
a “line.”] Applied to certain small 
white lines sometimes seen on the fe- 
male breast. 
Lin'e-o-late. [Lineola'tns; from 
line'ola, a “little line.”] Marked with 
fine or obscure lines. 
Lin'g-ual. [Lingna'lis; from lin'- 
gua, a “tongue.”] Belonging to tho 
tongue. 
Lin-gui-fo'II-us.* [From lin'gua, 
a “tongue,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing linguiform leaves. 
Lin'gtil-form. [Linguifor'mis; 
from lin'gua, a “tongue.”] Formed like 
a tongue. 
Iin'gu-la.;: [Diminutive of lin'gua, 
a “tongue.”] A little tongue; a latchet. 
I.in 'gu-late. [Lingula'tus; from 
lin’gula, a “little tongue.”] Having a 
little tongue; tongue-shaped. 
Li'ni,® the genitive of Linum, which 
see. 
Li'ni Fa-ri'na.® (“Meal of Flax- 
seed,” or “ Flaxseed Meal.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for meal of 
the seeds of Linurn usitatinsimum, de- 
prived of their fixed oil by expression : 
lintseed meal. It has been placed on 
the primary list of the Materia Medica 
of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Li'ni Se'mcn.* (“Seed of Flax.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Brit. Ph.) 
for flaxseed, lintseed, or linseed. 
T,i'ni Sem'I-na.* (“Seeds of Flax.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for 
the seeds of Linum usitatissimum. 
Liniment. See Linimentum. 
Lin-i-men'ta,* the plural of Lini- 
mentum, which see. 
Lin-i-inen'tiiiii,® plural Lin-T- 
men'ta. [From li'no, to “ anoint.”] A 
thin ointment: a lin'iment. 
Lininien'tum Am-mo'nl-se.* 
(“Liniment of Ammonia.”) Take of wa- 
ter of ammonia, a fluidounce; olive oil, 
two troyounces. Mix them. 
Linimentum C&l'eis.® (“ Lini- 
ment of Lime,” or “Lime Liniment.”) 
Take of solution of lime, eight fluid- 
ounces; flaxseed oil, seven troyounces. 
Mix them. 
Linimentum Cam'pho-rae.* 
(“Liniment of Camphor.”) Take of 
camphor, three troyounces; olive oil, 
twelve troyounces. Dissolve the cam- 
phor in the oil. 
Linimentum Oin-tliAr'I-ilis. 
(“Liniment of Cantharides.”) Take of 
cantharides, in fine powder, atroyounce; 
oil of turpentine, half a pint. Digest 
the cantharides with the oil for three 
LIN 
301 LIN 
LIQ 
hours in a close vessel, by means of a 
water-bath, and strain. 
Linimen'tum 4'hlo-ro-for'mi.® 
(“Liniment of Chloroform.”) Take of 
purified chloroform, three troyounces; 
olive oil, four troyounces. Mix them. 
Linimen'tum Sa-pu nis. (“Lini- 
ment of Soap,” or “Soap Liniment.”) 
Tinctura Saponis Camphorata, Pharm., 
1850. Take of soap, in shavings, four 
troyounces; camphor, two troyounces; 
oil of rosemary, half a fluidounee ; water, 
four fluidounces; alcohol, two pints. Mix 
the alcohol and water, digest the soap 
with the mixture by means of a water- 
bath until it is dissolved ; then filter, and, 
having added the camphor and oil, mix 
the whole thoroughly together. 
l.inimcii'tiim T'hr-e-biu'tlil-iiav- 
(“Liniment of Turpentine.”) Take of 
resin cerate, twelve tro3rounces; oil of 
turpentine, half a pint. Add the oil to 
the cerate previously melted, and mix 
them. 
Lin-me'an. Belonging to Linnasus, 
the naturalist. In Botany, the Linnsean, 
or sexual, system, is founded on the 
number of stamens which determines 
the primary divisions, or Classes; the 
subdivisions, or Orders, generally depend 
on the number of pistils. The term is 
applied in a more general sense to a 
system of arranging the productions of 
the animal, vegetable, and mineral king- 
doms laid down by Linnaeus. 
Lin-o-sper'mum.® [From Xbw, 
“flax,” and a-rrippa, “seed.”] Linseed, 
or lintseed, afforded by the Linum usita- 
tissimum. See Lini Semen. 
Linseed. See Lintseer. 
Lint. [Lin'teum; from li'num, 
“flax.”] (Fr. Gharpie, shan'piP.) A 
soft material made by scraping old linen 
cloth, and used as a dressing in all cases 
of wounds, ulcers, etc. 
Lin-te-i-for'inis.® [From lin'teum, 
“lint.”] Having the appearance or tex- 
ture of lint: lin'teiform. 
Lint seed. The seeds of Linum usi- 
tatissimum. See Lini Semen, or Lini 
Semina. 
Li'num,® gen. Li'ni. [From Xivov, 
“flax.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Pentandria, natural order Linacete. Also, 
the Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the seed of the Li'num nsitatis'simum. 
Li'num t'a-tliar'tl-cum.® The 
Pharinaeopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) of the 
purging flax. 
Lip. (Fr. Llvre, levR or I&vr.) See 
Labium, and Labrum. 
Lip'a-ro-fele.* [From Xmap6g, “fat,” 
and Kt'iXri, a “ tumor.”] A fatty tumor in 
the scrotum. 
Lip-a-ro'deS.® [From Xmapos, “ fat,” 
or “obese.”] Full of fat; obese. 
Lip-n-r(Hljfs|)-ii«‘n.s [From Xixa- 
fiof, “ lat,” and (Wimnu, “ difficult breath- 
in''.”] Dyspnoea caused by obesity. 
IJp-H-ro-1 <les.: [From Xorapoj, “ fat,” 
or “obese,” and tuJoj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling fat. 
Lip-a-rom plia-lus.* [From Xnrap<;s, 
“fat,” and oppaXo;, the “navel.”] A 
fatty tumor at the umbilicus. 
Lip-a-ro-s-eir'rlius.® [From Xcra- 
pos, “lat,”and mcifpaj, “incipient cancer.”] 
A fatty, scirrhous tumor. 
Lipocele. See Liparocele. 
LI-po'ma,® plural LI-pom a-ta. 
[From XiTrof, “fat.”] A species of fatty 
tumor. 
LI-pom-st-to'de&.* [From lipo'ma, 
a “fatty tumor.”] Re.enabling lipoma; 
conjoined with lipoma. 
LX-pom-a-to-i'de&.® [From lipo'ma, 
a “fatty tumor,” and £<du$, a “form.”] 
Resembling lipoma: lipom'atoid. 
Lipumpltalus. See Liparomfha- 
ms. 
Lip-o-scir'rlius.* [FromXi'n-of,“fat,” 
and mi'i/jot, “incipient cancer.”] The 
same as Liparoscirrhus, which see. 
Ll-po'sis.® [From Xiros, “ fat.”] The 
progressive accumulation of fat. 
Lip-o-spliyx'I-a.® [From Xcimo, to 
“fail,” and o<pv£is, the “pulse.”] Ab- 
sence, or cessation, of the pulse. 
Lipotliymia. See Lkipothymia. 
Lip'pi-tude. [Lippitu'do, Aim's; 
from lip'pus, “blear-eyed.”] A raw, 
tumid stale of the margin of the eyelids, 
from which a puriform humor exudes. 
Liq. — Li'quor.* See Liquor. 
Liquatio (le-qua'she-o), ©Th>.» [From 
li'quo, liqua'tum, to “melt.”] Strictly, 
the same as Fusion ; also, Liquefaction. 
Liq-ue-fa'cients. [From lique/a'cio, 
to “melt.”] Agents which augment the 
secretions, arrest the solidifying, and 
promote the liquefying processes of the 
animal economy. 
Liq-ue-fae't ion. [Liquefac'tio, 
o'nis; from lique/a'cio, lique/ac'tum, to 
“make liquid.”] The conversion of a 
solid into a liquid. 
Liqueur (Fr.), l&'kuR'. A spirituous 
liquor composed of water, aleol ol, sugar, 
and some aromatic infusion extracted 
from fruits, seeds, etc. 
Liq'nid. (Liq'uidum; from liq'- 
nidus, “liquid,” “moist.”] Any .iub- 
302 stance, not aeriform, which is fluid, like 
water. 
Liq-uicl-am'bar.'* [From liq'nidus, 
“liquid,” and am'her; so called because 
the tree yields on incision a fluid, amber- 
like substance.] A genus of plants, 
several species of which afford a fragrant 
resin, called storax. 
Liquiritia,* lik-we-rish'e-a. Liq- 
uorice. See Glycyrrhiza. 
Liquor,* gen. Li-quo’ris, nomina- 
tive plural LI-quo're&. [From li'queo, 
to “become liquid.” (Fr. Liqueur, 16'- 
kuu'.) A term applied to many liquids, 
particularly those composed chiefly of 
water, or of alcohol. As a Pharmaco- 
poeial term it signifies “solution.” 
Liquor Aluiiiinis rompositus. 
See Bates’s Alum-Water. 
Li'quor Am-ino'iil-av* (“ Liquor 
of Ammonia.”) A solution of anuno- 
niacal gas in water; otherwise called 
Aqua Ammonite (“Water of Ammonia”). 
I.iqunr Ammonia- Ace tat is. See 
Minuereri Spiritus. 
Li'quor Ain'iiJ-i.* (“Liquor of the 
Amnion.”) The watery fluid in which 
the foetus is suspended. See Amnion. 
Li'quor Ar-scn-i-ca'lisA (“Ar- 
senical Liquor.”) A Pharmacopceial 
preparation, also called Foicler’s Solution, 
and Tasteless Ague Drop, consisting of 
arseniate of potash dissolved in water, 
and flavored and colored by spirit of 
lavender. This has been recommended 
as a remedy in intermittents, and has 
been found very useful in lepra and 
other inveterate cutaneous affections. 
Li'quor t'&I'cis,* otherwise called 
A'qua Cal'cis.* (“Water of Lime,” 
or “Lime-Water.”) A saturated solu- 
tion of lime in water. It may be pre- 
pared by pouring upon some freshly 
slacked lime a quantity of pure water. 
In a few hours, the solution will become 
clear by the settling of such particles of 
lime as are not dissolved by the water. 
The solution, with the undissolved lime, 
should be kept in a well-stopped bottle; 
pour off the clear liquid as it is wanted 
for use. The U.S. Pharmacopoeia directs 
the preparation to be made in the pro- 
portion of four ounces of lime to eight 
pints of water. But if the lime be in 
excess, no disadvantage can result; the 
superfluous portion will, in that case, 
simply remain undissolved. 
Lime-water is antacid, tonic, and as- 
tringent. Mixed with an equal quantity 
>-f milk, which completely covers its of- 
fensive taste, it often proves an excel- 
LIQ 
LIT 
lent remedy for nausea and romiting 
dependent on irritability of the stomach. 
It may be employed with great advan- 
tage in dyspepsia accompanied with 
acidity of the stomach, as well as in 
some forms of diarrhoea, and in calcu- 
lous affections attended with a super- 
abundant secretion of uric acid. Exter- 
nally, it is often used as a wash in por- 
rigo and similar affections, and as an 
application to foul ulcers. 
LiquorMorgagni. See Morgagni, 
Liquor. 
Li'quor Po-tas'sse Ar-sc-ni'tis.* 
(“Liquorof the Arsenite of Potash.”) The 
Phannacopceial name (Lond. and Dub. 
Ph.) for the Liquor Arsenicalis, which 
see. 
Li'quor Nnii'gul-nis.® (“Liquor 
of the Blood.”) The colorless fluid 
which holds the globules of the blood 
in suspension during life. 
Li'quor Sil'I-eum.® (“Liquor of 
Flints.”) See Glass, Soluble. 
liT-quo'reS,* the plural of Liquor, 
which see. 
Liquorice, lik'or-iss. [Liquiri'tia.] 
See Glycyrrhiza. 
Lir-I-o-<H‘n'«lroii.* [From Xcipior, a 
“li y,”a “ tulip” (?) and iivipov, a “tree.”] 
A Linnaean genus of the class Polyan- 
dria, natural order Magnoliacete. Also, 
the Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the bark of Liriodeu'dron tulipif era. 
Lisping. A species of psellismus, or 
defective enunciation, commonly called 
speaking through the teeth, and pro- 
duced by an abnormal length of tongue, 
or by affectation. 
Lith'a-gogue, [Uthago'gus; 
from Aiftoj, a “stone.” and iiyio, to “carry 
off,” to “expel.”] Having power to ex- 
pel calculi from the bladder or kidneys. 
Lith’argc. [ Litliar'gyrum. I. it li- 
ar'gyrus ; from XiOos, a “stone,” and 
apynpos, “silver,-” so named from its 
being obtained from an ore (or stone) 
containing lead and silver.] An oxide 
of lead imperfectly vitrified. 
Lith'ato. [Li'thas, ait*.] A com- 
bination of lithic acid with a base. 
See Urate. 
Litli-eeta-sy. [Litliecta'sia; from 
XiOos, a “ stone,” and eicrcirto, to “extend.”] 
The operation of removing calculi of 
moderate size through the urethra, by 
first extending or dilating it. 
Litl»'I-a.* [From XiOog, a “stone.”] 
The protoxide of lithium, an alkali dis- 
covered in 1818. 
Litli'ia.* [From the same.] The 
303 LIT 
from \iQo(, a “ stone,” and yit/cois, “ gene- 
ration.”] The science which treats of 
the origin and formation of minerals. 
la-lliog'ra-p hy. [ Idtliogra'pllia; 
from \i0of, a “stone,” and ypA<jxo, to “en- 
grave,” or to “write.”] Engraving on 
stone. The art by which impressions or 
prints are obtained from drawings made 
on calcareous stone. 
IAth'oid. [IAtlioi'des; from Xi 
a “stone,” and cido;, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling stone. 
Li-fhofo-fiy. [Idtholo'gia; from 
Xidof,a “stone,”andXoyof, a“discourse.”] 
A treatise on stones ,• the science which 
treats of the nature or properties of 
stones, or of calculi. 
I, i t h -o- in c' t ra.* [From Xi'floj, a 
“stone,” and pjjrpa, tho “womb.”] A 
term for ossification of the uterus. 
JJtliontriptic. See Lithotriptic. 
IA-thopIi'i-lus.'* [From Xi'Oo;, a 
“stone,” and <p(X&>, to “love.”] Growing 
upon rocks or stony places. 
lath'o-phyte. [ I.itliopli'yton; 
from Xi'Oog, a “stone,” and ibvrov, a 
“plant.”] Certain productions having 
the qualities both of stone and plant, as 
corals; also, Polypi that have an inte- 
rior stony axis. 
I,itli-o-seo'|»I-um.* [From Xdtof, a 
“stone,” and okoir*j, to “examine.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining the size 
and form of a calculus; a lith'oscope. 
Lith-o-sper'mns.® [From XiOoj, a 
“ stone,” and (rrepya, a “ seed.”] Having 
fruit hard and like stones : lithospermous. 
Li-tliot'o-niy. [I.itlioto'mia; 
from Xi'doj, a “ stone,” and TCyvw, to 
“cut.”] (Fr. Taille, tal.) The opera- 
tion of cutting into the bladder to with- 
draw a stone or calculus : cystot'omy. 
ldth-o-tre'sis.* [From Xidoj, a 
“stone,” and rpricrij, a “perforation.”] 
The same, nearly, as Lithotrity. 
Llth'o-trtiKsy. I Lithotrip'sia; 
from Xidof, a “stone,” and rpi'Sto, to “wear 
by friction.”] The operation of rubbing 
down calculi in the bladder by means 
of a lithotriptor. 
Uth-o-trip'tic. [ I.itliotrip't icus; 
from the same.] Applied to medicines 
that tend to counteract tho formation of 
calculi. 
Uth-o-trip'tor, o'ris.* [From the 
same.] An instrument for crushing cal- 
culi in the bladder into fragments so 
minute that they may pass the urethra. 
1.1-thot'rI-tor, o'rk* [From Xidoj, a 
“stone,” and te'ro, tri'tum, to “rub,” to 
“break.”] The same as Lithotriptor. 
LIT 
name of a genus in Dr. Good’s Nosol- 
ogy, comprising the different species of 
urinary calculus. See Lithiasis. 
Iatli'I-se Car-bo iias.® (“ Carbon- 
ate of Lithia.”) A white powder spar- 
ingly soluble in water, and having a 
feeble alkaline reaction. It has been 
placed on the primary list of tho Mate- 
ria Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
for 1860. It is recommended as a rem- 
edy in calculous diseases. 
IA-thi'a-sis.® [From the same.] The 
formation of stone, or urinary calculus. 
Also, a disease of the eyelids,-in which 
small hard tumors grow upon their mar- 
gins. 
liith'ic. [Lith’icns; from the same.] 
Applied to an acid obtained from calculi 
and urine. * See Uric. 
Iiitli'I-ca.* [From the same.] Medi- 
cines which counteract the predisposition 
to the formation of calculous concretions 
in the urinary organs. 
Tdtli'f-um.* The metallic base of 
lithia. 
IAtli-o-£e-no'sis.* [From \tdo;, a 
“stone,” and kevimtis, an “evacuation.”] 
The removal or extraction of the frag- 
ments of a calculus broken in the opera- 
tion of lithotrity. 
Utli-o-se-not'I-cus.* Belonging to 
lithoeenosis. 
Litli'o-clast, or JJth'o-claste. 
[From Xi'Soj, a “stone,” and xXaorda), to 
“break.”] An instrument introduced 
through the urethra for the purpose of 
reducing calculi to small fragments in 
the bladder. 
IAtli-o-dec-ta'sI-a.;s [From \idog, a 
“stone,” odds, a “passage,” or “way,” 
and EKraaii, an “extension.”] The same 
as Lithectasy, which see. 
IA-tho'deS.* [From Xtdoj, a “stone.”] 
Full of calculi; of the nature of calculi. 
IAtli-o-di-a'lI-a,* or Lilth-o-di-al'- 
y-sis.* [From Xifbj, a “stone,” and 
iia\vo3, to “ dissolve.”] A dissolving of 
stone or calculus in the bladder. 
Lith-o-djfep-n«e'Q.* [From Xi'.dog, a 
“stone,” and &vtrn:v<na, “ difficult breath- 
ing.”] Calculous dyspnoea, or difficult 
breathing caused by calcareous concre- 
tions in the lungs or other air-passages. 
Jjitlioecius,* lith-e'she-us. [From 
Xi'do;, a “stone,” and oiko;, a “habita- 
tion.”] Growing upon stones. 
i.it h-o-leHi'iuis.® [From Xi do;, a 
“stone,” and/e?, the “bile.”] Pertain- 
ing to a gall-stone or biliary calculus. 
See Chololithic. 
Lith-o-gen'e-sy. [pthogene'sla; 
304 Ll-thot'ri-ty. [From the same.] 
The operation of breaking a stone or 
calculus in pieces by means of the litho- 
elaste. 
Li-thox'y-lum.* [From Ai'ftof, a 
“ stone,” and (vAoi/, “ wood.”] Fossil, or 
petrified, wood. 
Lith-u-rcsis.® [From A <0O{, a 
“stone,” and ovpor, the “urine.”] The 
passing of small calculi with the urine. 
Lith-u-ror-rlioe'a.* [From \i9o;, a 
“ stone,” ovpov, the “ urine,” and few, to 
“flow.”] Calculous diabetes. 
I.it inns, or bac illus. A test, of 
a bluish color, obtained from the Croton 
tinctorium and the Lichen roccella. 
Lit'mus Pa'per is prepared by digest- 
ing powdered litmus in water, and paint- 
ing with it white paper which is free 
from alum. 
Litra. The same as Libra. 
Litre, le'ter or A French 
measure, equal to 61.028 English cubic 
inches, or 0.22 of an imperial gallon. 
Lit'to-ral. [Littwra lis; from lit'- 
tus, lit'toris, the “shore.”] Applied to 
plants that grow on the banks or shores 
of waters, chiefly of rivers and lakes. 
Written also Litoral. 
Liv'er. [Lat. Je'cur, or He'par; 
Gr. wap-, Fr. Foie, fwA] The gland 
whose office it is to secrete the bile. It 
is situated on the right side of the abdo- 
minal cavity, immediately below the dia- 
phragm, and is divided into three lobes, 
the right lobe, the left lobe, and the in- 
ferior or lesser lobe, also called the Lobu- 
lus Spigelii. The liver is the largest 
gland in the body. 
Liver, Inflammation of the. See 
Hepatitis. 
Liver-Wort. See Hepatica. 
Liver-Wort, Iceland. See Ce- 
TRARIA ISLANDICA. 
Li'vor, o'rfs.* [From li'veo, to “grow 
black and blue.”] The mark of a blow; 
lividness. 
Lix,* gen. Li'cis. Lye, or water im- 
pregnated with the alkali of wood-ashes. 
Lix-iv'I-al. [Lixivia'lis.] Be- 
longing to a lixivium. 
Lix-iv'I-at-ed. [Lixivia'tns; from 
lixiv'ium, “lye.”] Having undergone 
lixiviation. 
Lix-iv'i-a'tion. [Lixivia'tio; 
from lixiv'ium, “ lye.”] The process of 
dissolving an alkali or a salt in water 
or other fluid, to form a lixivium. 
Lix-iv'i-um.s [From lix, “lye.”] 
A liquid impregnated with an alkali, or 
a salt; lye. 
LIT 
Lixiv'ium Sap-o-na'rl-um.* The 
Liquor potassm, or solution of potash. 
Load'stone. [Mag'nes.] A specie? 
of iron ore which has the peculiar pro- 
perties of attracting iron and of turning 
towards the magnetic pole of the earth 
when freely suspended. 
Loasacese,* lo-a-sa'she-e. [From 
Loasa, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous herbaceous plants, 
natives of America. 
Lo'bate. [Loba'tns; from lo'bus, a 
“lobe.”] Lobed. Having lobes, as the 
lungs, liver, leaves, tumors, etc. 
Lobe. [Lat. Lo'bus; Gr. AoSdf.] 
Applied to parts of certain viscera, more 
or less distinct from the rest, and to the 
lower part of the external ear. In Bot- 
any, any division, or projecting part, of 
an organ, especially a rounded one. 
Lobed. See Lobatus. 
Lo-be'H-a.* [From Lo'bel, a bot- 
anist.] A Linnaean genus of the class 
Monadelphia, natural order Lobeliaceie. 
Also, the Pharmaeopoeial name || of the 
herb of Lobelia in/lata. Lobelia is emetic, 
and in small doses diaphoretic and ex- 
pectorant. 
Lobc'Iia In-fla'ta.® The systematic 
name of the plant called Indian To- 
bacco. 
Lobeliacese,* lo-be-le-a'she-c. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, found 
in many warm and temperate regions. 
It includes the Lobelia iyfiata, a power- 
ful emetic, and several poisonous plants. 
Lo-be-li-a'ceous. [Lobelia'ceus.] 
Besembling the lobelia. 
Lob'e-lin. [Lobeli'na.] The active, 
volatile, organic base obtained from Lo- 
belia inflata, by macerating the herb in 
alcohol, previously prepared with sul- 
phuric acid and powdered caustic lime. 
Lo-bi'o-Itis.® [Diminutive of lo'bus, 
a “lobe.”] Applied to the small seg- 
ments at the edges of the thallus of 
lichens, when their form approaches that 
of leaves. 
Lob'u-lar. [Lobula'ris; from 
lob'ulus, a “lobule.”] Belonging to a 
lobule; shaped like a lobe or lobule. 
Lob'u-late. [From the same.] Bear- 
ing or having small lobes. Applied to 
leaves. 
Lob'n-Ii,*the plural of Lobules. 
Lob'uli Tes'tis.* (“Lobules of the 
Testicle.”) The lobules formed by the 
convolutions of the tubuli seminiferi of 
the testis. 
Lob'u-lns,* plural Lob’u-li. [Di- 
minutive of lo'bus, a “lobe.”] A lob'ule. 
LOB 
305 LOB 
LOI 
LoVn-lus Ac-ccs-so'rl-us,® LoV- 
nliis A-non'.f'-mus,* or Lob'ulus 
<fcniad-ra'tus.* A small lobe on the un- 
det-surface of the liver, forming the ante- 
rior point of the right lobe; otherwise 
that space of the great lobe between the 
fossa of the umbilical vein and gall-blad- 
der, extending to the anterior margin. 
Lob'ulus t'au-da'tus.® A tail-like 
process of the liver, stretching down- 
ward from the middle of the great right 
lobe to the Lobnlus Spigelii. 
Lob'ulus Siil-gc'lM.* (“Lobule 
of Spigelius.”) The inferior, or small- 
est, lobe of the liver, first particularly 
described by Spigelius. 
Lo’cii,® gen. Lo-co'rum, the plural 
of Locus. 
Lo'cal. [Loca'lts; from lo'cus, a 
“place.”] Belonging to a place or part; 
limited to a particular place. See Topic al. 
Lo-ca'leS.® [Plural of loca'lis, 
“local.”] Local diseases. Applied to a 
class of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Lo-cel'Iate. [From locel'lus, a “ lit- 
tle cell.”] Having secondary cells. 
Lock. Sec Linctus. 
Lo-c Ill'll,* or Lo'chl-a, o'rum* 
[Gr. \o\sta or Xifa, from Xo</»,-, a “lying 
in,” or “confinementalso the discharge 
after childbirth.] (Fr. Suites de Couches, 
sw&t deh koosh.) The serous discharge 
from the uterus and vagina after de- 
livery; the cle insings. 
[From \o\eio;, 
“pertaining to childbed,” and nip, a 
“fever.”) Puerperal or childbed fever. 
Lo-clil-or-rlia'&I-a.* [From \oxda, 
or the discharge after childbirth, 
and pny xtpi, to “ burst forth.”] An ex- 
cessive flow of the lochia. 
Lo-elii-or-rboe'ii.* [From \o\da, 
or Xi5y:«i, “childbirth,” the “lochia,” and 
filw. to “flow.”] A more than natural dis- 
charge of tho lochia. 
Ln-elil-os'che-sls.9 [From \o\da, 
“childbirth,” and “holding,” or 
“retention.”] Retention or stoppage of 
the lochia. 
Lo cb-o-cac-o-c al ’pl-a.* [ Fro m 
“confinement,” <000%, “evil,” and 
a “sinus.”] Puerperal putridity 
or disease of the vulva. 
Locli-o-do-chi' 11 in.* [From Xoyoj, 
“confinement,” and 6o\ciov, a “recepta- 
cle.”] A lying-in hospital. 
Loeli-o-me-tri'tis, idis.* [From 
hxk, “confinement,” and metri'tis, “in- 
flammation of the womb.”] Puerperal 
metritis. 
Loch-n-pGfl-lo-iii'tls, 1 dis,% or 
Locii-o-pfr-I-lo-nc-riis.' [From Xo- 
Xit;, “contineincnt,” anilperitoni’tis.] In- 
flammation of the peritonaeum in childbed. 
Lo-eliop j'-ra.® [From \o\6g, ‘•con- 
finement,” and nip, a “fever.”] Puer- 
peral fever. 
Loi-li-o-ty'pliufc.* [From Xo\oj, 
“confinement,” and Tv<jx>;, “stupor.”] 
Contagious puerperal fever; puerperal 
typhus. 
Lo'$i,* gen. Lo-co'rum, the plural 
of Locus, which see. 
Lock llos'pl-tiil. A general name, 
in Great Britain, for a hospital for the 
treatment of venereal diseases. 
Locked Jaw. See Tetanus. 
Lo-co-mw'tion. [I.ocomo'tlo, 
o' nis; from lo'cus, a “place,” and mo'veo, 
mo'turn, to “move.”] The act or power 
of moving from place to place. 
liOcu-la-ment. [ l.oculainoii'- 
tuni; from loc'ulus, a “cell,” “box,” or 
“case.”] A cell of an ovary. 
Loc-n-lain-en-to'sus.* [From locn- 
lamen'tum.] Having loculaments, or cells. 
Loc'u-Ij»r. [ Locula'ris; from loc'- . 
ulus, a “box,” or “case.”] Divided into 
cells or cavities; pertaining to a cell. 
Loc-u-la'tus.* [From the same.] 
Having loculi: loculate. 
Loc'u-li,* the plural of Loculus. 
Loc-u-ll-ci 'dal. [Locultci'dus; 
from loc'ulus, a “cell,” or “ box,” and 
cie'do, to “cut,” to “cut through.”] 
Opening or breaking directly into the 
back of a cell. 
Loc’u-lus,* plural I,oe'u-li. [Dimi- 
nutive of lo'cus, a “place.”] Alocule: a 
name for a cell of the ovary (or anther) of 
a plant; also applied to any small cavity. 
Lo'cus,* gen. Lo'fi, plural Lo'ci and 
Lo ca. A place; a topic. 
Lo'cus Sfi'jfer.* (“Black Place.”) 
A quanlityof dark-colored matter in the 
centre of the Crura cerebri, or limbs of 
the brain. 
Lo-cus’k».* A spikelet or flower- 
cluster of grasses. 
Lonmin. See Lorn i a. 
Locmology. See Loimology. 
Lojr'wood. The wood of the Ilsema- 
tox'i/lou Campechia'num. 
Lo’hocli. The same as Looch. See 
Eclegma. 
Loi'inl-a.* [From Xoigiif, the “plague.”] 
The plague, or other epidemic disease. 
Loi'mic. [ Loi'niicus; from the 
same.] Belonging to the plague, or to 
epidemic disease. 
Loi-nio'deS.® [From the same.] 
Like the plague; pestilential. 
306 loi 
LOR 
Ixii-mog'ra-pliL [ I.oimogt'fi- 
pliia; from Ampo,-, the “plague,” and 
ypai/sj, to “ write.”] A description, or 
history, of the plague. 
I,oi-mo-i'de&.* [From Aoipoj, the 
“plague,” and cidoy, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling the pestis, or plague: loi'moid. 
I.ni-niol'o-gy. [ I.oiinolog ia: 
from Xopdf, the “plague,” and Aiiyoj, a 
“discourse."] A treatise on the plague; 
the science of the plague or pestilential 
diseases. 
[From Aoi- 
j«V, the “plague,” and ophthal'mia.] 
Contagious ophthalmia. 
Isri-mop'jt-ra.* [From Ao:poj, the 
“plague,” and nvp, a “fever.”] Pesti- 
lential fever. 
I.oins. See Lumbi. 
Lonva-to-car pus.' [From A<3ga, a 
“fringe,” or “border,” and Kapm>s, 
“fruit.”] Having flattened fruit with a 
thick border. 
I.om-a-to-phyl'lns.* [From Aruga, 
a “fringe,” or “border,” and <pvWor, a 
“leaf.”] Having the borders of the leaf 
different from the rest: loinatophyl'lous. 
Lombes, I6\ib. The French term for 
“loins.” Sec Lumbi. 
lament. [I.ositcn'tnm.] A 
jointed legume or pod, resembling a 
legume divided transversely into two or 
more joints. 
I.o-men-ta'ctHHis. [I.omcn ta- 
co us.] Bearing or resembling a loment. 
I.on-A'ho-phyl'luM.* [From A6yxn, 
a “lance,” and iLvWo.’, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing very long leaves, linear and slightly 
lanceolated. 
I/Oii-gev'I-ty. [From ion'gns, 
“long,” and m'cum, “age.”] The pro- 
longation of life to an advanced period. 
I.oii-S'I-brac-to-a'tus.* [From lon'- 
gns, “long,” and brae'tea, a“ floral leaf.”] 
Having long bracts. 
I/Oii-gi-car' pus.* [From lon'gns, 
“long,” and “fruit.”] ifaving 
very long fruit. 
I.on-gi-caii-rl.'i'tus.S or l.on-gl- 
call'(Ills.* [From lon'gns, “long,” and 
can'da, a “tail.”] Having a long tail. 
I-oii-jfl-can'Iis.® [From Ion' jus, 
“long,” and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
ing a long stem. 
I,oii-gd-eol' I is.® [From Ion'gus, 
“long,” and col'lum, a “neck.”] Ap- 
plied to mosses that have urns in the 
form of a very elongated pear. 
f,ong,'ing'. The peculiar, and often 
capricious, desires of females during 
pregnancy. 
Eon-gi-pcnm-A. or li<)ii-Ki-|ioir< 
nates. [From lon'gus, “ long, ’ and pen' - 
na, a “wing.”] A family of swimming 
birds, comprising those in which the 
wings reach as far as, or beyond, the tail; 
as the tropic bird, the albatross, etc. 
They are all denizens of the high seas, 
and, from their powers of flight, are met 
with in various latitudes. 
I.oii-gjs'Nl-mii*.® [Superlative de- 
gree of lan'(jus, “long.”] The longest. 
Applied as a name to certain muscles. 
LoNGts'siMUS Dorsj.® (“The Longest 
[Muscle] of the Back.”) It arises from 
the posterior surface of the sacrum, and 
is attached to the transverse processes of 
all the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae,' it 
serves to keep the body in an erect pos- 
ture. 
Longis'simps Oc'tm.® (“The Long- 
est [Muscle] of the Eye.”) Another name 
for the obliqnus superior. 
I.on'&i-tiule. [I.ongit u (to. Aim's; 
from Ion'(jus, “long.”] Originally, 
“length.” The longitude of a heavenly 
body is its distance from the vernal 
equinox, reckoned on the ecliptic. The 
longitude of a place on the earth is the 
number of degrees, minutes, etc., mea- 
sured on a parallel of latitude between 
the place and some conventional fixed 
meridian, as Greenwich. Paris, Washing- 
ton, etc., from which the measurements are 
made east and west to the 180th degree. 
I.Oil-gi-t 11 (li-nal. [ l.o n Sitntfi- 
nalis: from longiiu'do, “length,” or 
“longitude.”] Belonging to longitude, 
or length. 
I/Ongitii'diual Sinus. A triangu- 
lar canal within the skull, along the 
upper margin of the Falx cerebri. 
l.ongit u'riinul Sinus. In-fe'rl-or. 
A vein running along the lower margin 
of the Falx cerebri. 
[From lon'giur, 
“long,” and (j.v\bor, a “leaf.”] Having 
very long leaves. 
See Presbyopia. 
hon gutt.* A Latin word signifying 
“long.” See next article. 
Isni'gus Colli.* (“ The Long [Mus- 
cle] of the Neck:” Fr. Long c/u Con, 
lbs° dii koo.) A long muscle at the 
back of the oesophagus: it supports and 
bends the neck. 
latoch, lok. A French term for 
Eclegma. which see. 
I.o'ra.® [From lo'rum, a “leathern 
thong.”] Applied to the caulescent and 
aphyllous part of filamentous lichens 
and Cji fervm. 
307 LOR 
LUM 
Iioranthacese,* lo-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From Loran'thus, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous parasitical 
plants, mostly found in the equinoctial 
regions of Asia and America. It in- 
cludes the Mistletoe of the Oak ( Viscutn 
album), well known in connection with 
the Druidical religion. 
liOr-iIo'ma, a tie.* [From Aoprlo&>, to 
“bend forwards or inwards.”] A pro- 
jection or protuberance forwards, the 
product or effect of lordosis. 
lior-clo'sis.* [From the same.] An 
incurvation forwards; recurvation. 
IjO-ri'ca.* Literally, a“coatof mail.” 
A kind of lute with which vessels are 
coated before they are put on the fire. 
IiOr'1-cate. [Lorica'tns; from 
lori'ca, a “coat of mail.”] Having a 
coat of mail; mailed. Applied to certain 
plants and insects. 
IiUr-I-ca'tion. [L.orica'ti«, o'nis ; 
from the same.] Application of a lute 
of clay, or other substance, to vessels 
exposed to the fire. 
IiOr-I-foTI-us.*’ [F rom lo'rum, a 
“leathern thong,” and/o'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having long loaves, like thongs. 
I.or ii-limi. '' [Diminutive of lo'rum, 
a “ leathern thong.”] Applied to the 
thallus of filamentous or ramose lichens. 
ILot. = Lo'tioJ* “A lotion.” 
Iio'tion. [I<o'tio, »'nis; from la'vo, 
lava'turn or lo'tum, to “wash.”] A medi- 
cated fluid used as an external application 
to a wound, bruise, sore, or swelling. 
I..o'vi's Beads. Specific Gravity 
Beads. Hollow globes of glass, each of 
which is a small hydrometer, sinking or 
rising, according as the liquid in which 
they are placed is lighter or heavier than 
the standard. They are useful in making 
test-acids. 
I<»w Spir'Its. See Alitsia, and 
Hypochondriasis. 
I,u-we ri Tii-ber'cu-llim.® (“Tu- 
bercle of Lower.”) A thickening of the 
lining membrane on the posterior wall 
of the right auricle of the heart. 
X,ox'a Bark. The Cincho na pallida, 
or pale Peruvian bark. 
liOX-an-tlie’rus.® [From Ao(oj, 
“ oblique,” and dvOppdg, an “ anther.”] 
Having oblique anthers. 
BiOX-ar'tliron,® Lox-ar'thrum,* 
I.ox-ar'tlirns.® [From Ao(<%, “oblique,” 
and apOpor, a “joint.”] The abnormal di- 
rection of a joint, caused neither by 
spasm nor luxation, as in the varieties of 
Talipes, or club-foot. 
liOx'i-a.® [From Ao(<k, “oblique.”] 
Wry-neck, a distortion of the head 
towards one side. 
[From Ao(<5j, “ob- 
lique,” and Kvr/tris, “pregnancy.”] An 
oblique position of the gravid uterus. 
I-ox-opli-tlml'nios. or Lox-opli- 
tlml'miis.* [From Aofoj, “oblique,” 
and d<l>0a\p6$, an “eye.”] Having oblique 
or squinting eyes. 
Box-ot'o-me,* liox-o-to'nil-a.* 
[From Xo£df, “oblique,” and rcpro>, to 
“cut.”] An oblique section or cutting; 
applied to a peculiar method of amputa- 
tion : loxot'omy. 
IiU 'brl-cat-ing;. [ Ln'br leans; 
from lu'brico, lubrica'turn, to “ make 
slippery.”] Literally, “making slip- 
pery,” or making smooth. Applied to 
medicines which by their lubricating 
effects soothe irritation in the throat, 
fauces, etc. Also an epithet of the syno- 
vial fluid. 
n't is; 
from the same.] The quality of slipperi- 
ness, or of lubricating. 
Lu'cid In'ter-val. An interval be- 
tween the paroxysms of insanity, during 
which the mind is clear, and the patient 
capable of judging like other men. 
I.ii-cif'ii-gus.* [From lux, lu'cis, 
“ light,” and fu'gio, to “fly.”] Shunning 
the light: lucif'ugous. 
I.u-cl-iioc'tis.* [From lux, “light,” 
and nox, “night.”] Applied to plants 
to which night seems like day, inas- 
much as they open their leaves by night 
and shut them during the day. 
I.u'eS.* [From Aw-o, to “ melt away.”] 
A plague, or pestilence. 
I.u 'es Ve-nc're-a.' (“Venereal 
Plague.”) The true venereal disease. 
See Syphilis. 
IiU'grolV So-lu tions. Preparations 
of iodine and iodide of potassium of 
various strengths, employed as caustics, 
rubefacients, and stimulants. 
linm-ba'gt>, g'liiis.® [From lum'biis, 
the “loins.”] A rheumatic affection of 
the muscles about the loins. 
launbalis. See Lumbar. 
I.aiin'bair. [I.umba'ris: from lum'- 
bus, the “loins.”] Belonging to the 
loins. 
I.ii in bar Ab’sccss. An abscess 
occurring in the lumbar region; called 
also Psoas abscess. 
I.uin lii.® gen. I.um-l>o runi. [The * 
plural of laim'bus.] (Fr. Lombes, 16wb.) 
The loins, forming the posterior wall of 
the abdomen, between the base of the 
chest and the pelvis, and comprising por- 
308 LUM 
LYC 
tions of the longissimus dorsi, the latissi- 
mus dorsi, the quadratus lumborum, and 
several other muscles. 
Lnuibri-cal. [Eiinibrioa'Iis, 
plural Eiimbriva'les; from lumbri'eus, 
the “earth-worm.”] Besembling the 
earth-worm. 
Eiuii-brl-ea'le£.* The name of four 
muscles of the hand and foot, so called 
from their resemblance to the earth- 
worm. 
Eumbrieoiles. See Lumbuicoides. 
Eum-brl-co-i'tle£.* [From lumbri'- 
eus, the “earth-worm,” also the long 
round worm found in the intestines, 
and £?<5o{, a “form.”] Resembling the 
htmbricus; lumbricoid. 
Euns-bri'eiis.* The common earth- 
worm ; also, the long round worm found 
in the intestines of man. 
Etimbri'cus Ter-res'tris.* The 
earth-worm. 
EiuiibiiK. See Lumbi. 
Eu'ini-nous. [Euiiiisio'siis; from 
lu'men, lu' minis, “light.”] Emitting 
light; shining; full of light. 
Ell'll a.® (Fr. Lune, liin.) The moon; 
also the alchemical name of silver. 
Eu'na-ey. [From lu'na, the “moon;” 
from its supposed influence.] Insanity, 
but specially that in which there are 
lucid intervals. See Insanity. 
Eii'nar. [Eima'ris s from lu'na, 
the “moon,” also the “goddess Diana.”] 
Pertaining to the moon, and, hence, to 
silver (of which the moon was the alche- 
mical symbol). Applied to a bone of 
the carpus, from its shape. 
Eii'nar Eaiis'tic. The nitrate of 
silver (Nitras argenti): one of the most 
convenient and useful of all caustic ap- 
plications. It also forms the principal 
ingredient of indelible ink. 
Eu-isar-i-fo'15-iisi.* [From luna'ris, 
“lunar,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
orbicular leaves. 
Eu'nato. [Euna'tns; from lu'na, 
the “moon.”] Crescent-shaped, or hav- 
ing the form of a half-moon. 
Eu'iaa-tic. [Eimat'iems; from lu'- 
na, the “moon.”] Pertaining to, or af- 
fected with, lunacy. 
Eiincs), liin. [The plural of lune, 
“moon,” or “month.”] A French term 
for the Menses, which see. 
Eungs. [Lat. Pul'mo, mo'nis-, Fr. 
Ponmons, poo’miiN0'.] The organs of 
respiration, occupying the thorax, or 
chest. 
Eu’n 11-lar. or Eu'nu-late. [Euini- 
la ris, or Eiiiiula'tus; from lu'nula, 
a “lunule.”] Belonging to a little half- 
moon, or crescent. 
En'nnle. [Eu'nula; diminutive of 
lu'na, the “moon.”] The crescentic 
white mark near the root of the nails of 
certain fingers. 
Lu'pi-Q.* [From Aottko, to “ molest”? ] 
A malignant, corroding, and fatal ulcer. 
(See Lupus.) Sometimes applied to a 
soft, spongy, fungous tumor in the knee 
and elbow joints; also, to a species of wen. 
A genus of the order Tumores, class Lo- 
cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Eu-pl-no'sus.® [From Uipi'nus, the 
“lupin.”] Having lupins: lupinose. 
Applied to a disease of the skin, the Por- 
rigo lupinosa. 
Lu'im-lin, or Eu'pn-line. [Eiipu- 
li'na.] A fine, yellow powder, obtained 
from the hop, or floral leaves of Humulus 
Input us, being the peculiar principle on 
which its virtues depend. 
LiM-pu-Ii'na.* Lupulin. The Phar- 
macopceial name (TJ.S. Ph.) for the yel- 
low powder attached to the strobiles of 
the Humulus lupulus. 
Eu'pu-lus.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Br. Ph.) of hops, or the strobiles 
of Humulus lupulus. 
S.u'pus.® (A “Wolf;” so named from 
its destructiveness.) A corroding disease 
like cancer; also, the disease Noli me 
tangere, and other slow tubercular affec- 
tions, especially about the face. 
Eu'piss Ex'e-dems.® (“Corroding 
Lupus.”) The same as Noli me Tan- 
geke. 
a'fjs.® [From lus'cus, 
“blind of one eye.”] An affection in 
which an eye is turned to one or other 
side, as in strabismus, the other being 
unaffected. 
IiU'suH Na-tu'rav® Literally, a 
“sport or freak of nature.” Another 
term for a monstrosity, or Monster, 
which see. 
I,ute. [From lu'tum, “clay;” Fr. Lut, 
lilt.] A composition for closing the junc- 
tures of vessels, to prevent the escape of 
gas or vapor in distillation. 
Eox-a'tiom. [Enxa'tio, o'nis; from 
lux'o, luxa'tum, to “dislocate.”] A 
dislocation of a bone. A genus of the 
order Ectopiec, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Ey-cau'tlsro-py. [Lycanitire’pia; 
from A wo;, a “wolf,” and uvOpomo;, a 
“man.”] A species of insanity in which 
the patient believes himself to be a 
wolf. 
I.y-co- ii 1 a' nl-iy.® [From Atkoj, a 
309 LYC 
LYT 
“wolf,” and yavla, “madness.”] The 
same as Lycanthropy, which see. 
J-ycopotliacese,® li-ko-po'dc-a'she-e. 
A natural order of cryptogamic, moss- 
like plants, which abound in humid 
places in the tropics. It includes the 
Lycopodium, a violent cathartic. 
lLy-eo-i>o'<li-um.::: The name ap- 
plied to the sporules of the Lycopodium 
clavatum, and of other species of Lyco- 
podium. It has been placed on the 
primary list of the Materia Medica of 
the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Lyc'o-pus.® Bugle-weed. The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
of the Ly cop i is Viryinieus. 
I.y-co-rex'I-a.® [FromXwof, a “wolf,” 
and 0/3£fis, “hunger.”] The same as Bu- 
limia, which see. 
L,ye. [I.ax, Sii'cis.] A solution of 
the alkali of ashes in water. 
Ljimph. [I>ym'pha; from Nvppn, 
a goddess presiding over fountains.] 
Primarily, “ water.” Applied to the 
colorless, transparent liquid in the lym- 
phatic vessels. 
I.yni'plia-tlcn, en is* [From lyin'pha, 
“lymph,” and dope, a “gland.”] A lym- 
phatic gland. 
Lym-i)!ia-(le-ni'tis, idie.* [From 
lyin'phadeu.] Inflammation of a lym- 
phatic gland. 
l.yin-i»liaii-4re-i'tis,s 
gi-i'tis, idis.* [From lymphanyi'on, or 
lymphange'on, a “ lymphatic vessel.”] 
Inflammation of a lymphatic vessel. 
Lym-phan<ge'on.$ The same as 
Lymphangion, which see. 
I-ym-pliaii-gi-o-gra'pIiI-a.® [From 
lymphanyi'on, a “lymphatic vessel, ’ and 
ypaifuo, to “ write.”] A description of the 
lymphatic vessels. 
S-ym-plsan-g’i-o-lo'gi-a.* [From 
lymphanyi'on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
\6yo;, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
lymphatic vessels. 
lym-iilian-gi'en,* or I>ym-pEian- 
gfi'uin.** [From lyin'pha, “water,” or 
“lymph,” and dyyeior, a “vessel.”] A 
term for a lymphatic vessel. 
tyin-pliau-gl-o-to'ml.a.S [From 
lymphanyi'on, a “lymphatic vessel,” and 
Ttyvm, to “cut.”] Dissection of the lym- 
phatic vessels. 
Lym-phat'ic. [I,y mphat'ious; 
from lyin'pha, “ water,” or “ lymph.”] Ap- 
plied to vessels conveyinglymph, forming 
with the lacteal vessels the absorbent sys- 
tem of the animal economy. Applied in 
Botany to analogous vessels containing 
sap or watery juices, slightly elaborated. 
I/yiiipliaf ic (ilamls (or Oau'g'll- 
oiim). The glands of the absorbent or 
lymphatic system. Also called Conglo- 
bate Glands. 
l.ympliat'ic Sj’s'tem. [Syste'nia 
I,yinp!iat'leum.] A collective term, 
comprising the lymphatic glands, or 
ganglions, and the lymphatic vessels. 
hyinpliat'ics, or Lymphatic Ves- 
sels. [Lymphangi'a, or Va'sa Lym- 
phat'ica.] See Lymphatic. 
I.yni-ptieii-te-ri'tis, icUs* [From 
hjm'pha, “lymph,” and e/iteri'<is.] Serous 
enteritis. 
I.ym-plieii-rys'ma, atis.* [From 
hjm'pha, “ lymph,” and cvpvvw, to “ di- 
late.”] A morbid dilatation of the lym- 
phatic vessels. 
LJni-plio'sis.* [From lym'pha, 
“lymph.”] A term for the formation or 
elaboration of lymph. 
I.ympliotoniia. See LympiiangiO- 
TOMIA. 
I.y p-o-tLyin'i-a.® [From \virn, “ sad- 
ness,” and Qvpos, the “mind.”] Mental 
grief, or affliction. 
I.y'ra.* [Gr. Xfipa, a “lyre.”] An ap- 
pearance on the inferior surface of the 
Fornix cerebri, like the strings of a harp; 
also termed Corpuspsalloides. See Psal- 
loides. 
I.y rale. [ I.yra'tus: from ly'ra, a 
“lyre.”] Formed like a lyre. 
I-yr-S-for'mis.* [From ly’ra, a 
“lyre.”] Formed like a lyre, as the 
leaves of the Arabis lyriforma. 
I/ys-i-ma'ehl-ee,® the plural of Lysi- 
mach'ia, forming the Jussieuan name of 
a natural order of plants. See Primu- 
LACEA3. 
Jjys'sa.® [Gr. Xfiaaa, “rage,” or “mad- 
ness.”] A term for rabies ; rage, or mad- 
ness. Usually applied to Hydrophobia, 
which see. 
I.ys'si-eus.® Belonging to hydro- 
pliobia: hydrophobic. 
Lys'sin. [I.yssi'na; from lys'sa, 
“madness.”] A term for the zymotic 
principle of hydrophobia. 
I-ys-so-i'des.* [From lys'sa, “mad- 
ness,” and £?<5o;, a “form.”] Resembling 
rabies, rage, or madness. 
liythracese,® lith-ra'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants, mostly 
herbaceous, found in Europe, America, 
etc. It includes Ly'thrum Salica'ria, 
which yields an astringent medicine. 
J-yt'ta.* [From X’jrrdw, to “rage.”] 
A genus of insects. 
I-yt'ta Ves-I-ca-to'rl-a.* The blis- 
tering lly. See Cantharis. 
310 MAC 
MAD 
M. 
M. = Mump'ulus* a “handful;” or, 
at the end of a formula, Mis'ce,* “ mix ;” 
also, Mensu'rd,* “by measure;” and 
Jliu/inium,* a “minim.” 
Mac. = Ma'cera.* “ Macerate.” 
Mace. A thin, flat, membranous sub- 
stance which envelops the nutmeg. See 
Macjs, and Nutmeg. 
[Macera'tio, o'nis; 
from ma'cero, macera'turn, to “make soft 
by steeping.”] The process of steeping 
or infusing a substance in water, with 
or without heat, to extract its virtues. 
Macies,* ma'she-ez. Wasting, atro- 
phy, or emaciation. 
Ma'cls.® Mace. The Pharmacopoeia! 
; name (U.S. Ph.) for the aril of the fruit 
of the Myris'tiea fra'grans. 
Mac-rail'thus.® [From paxpo;, “ long,” 
or “great,” and undo;, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing iarge flowers. 
Mac-ro-M-o'sis,* or Mac-ro-M-o'- 
tes, e’tis.* [From paxpo;, “long,” or 
| “great,” and /Los, “life.”] Long life; 
longevity. 
Mac-ro-bi-ot'ic. [MacroMot'icus.] 
Belonging to macrobiosis. 
Mac-ro-M-ot'i-ca.® [From the same.] 
;. The art or system of instructions for 
t attaining long life. 
Mac-ro-car'pus.* [From paxpo;, 
I “long,” or “great,” and xapnd;, “fruit.”] 
Having large fruit: maerocar'pous. 
Mac-ro-t«*plia'li-a.® [From paxpo;, 
h '“long,” or “great,” and xepaXfi, the 
i “head.”] A genus of organic deviations 
characterized by excessive size of the 
head. 
'a-lons. [Macro- 
Cepli'alus; from the same.] Having 
a large head. 
Mac'ro-co&m. [Macrocos'nnis; 
from paxptk, “long,” or “great,” and 
Kwpos, a “world.”] The greater world, 
as distinguished from Microcosm, the 
smaller, or man. 
Mac-ro-cos inl-eus.® Belonging to 
the macrocosm. 
Mac-ro-me'li-a.* [From paxpo;, 
Mlong,” or “great,” and pcKo;, a “mem- 
ber.”] A class of monsters characterized 
by excessive development of some mem- 
ber. 
•Mac-ro-playl'lous. [Macropliyl'- 
lus; from paxpo;, “long,” or “great,” and 
t/ivXXor, a “leaf.”] Having large leaves. 
Mac-rop'i-per, oris:*' [From paxpo;, 
“ long,” or “ great,” and nenepi, “ pepper.”] 
The Pijoer lotigum. 
Ma-crop'ter-us.* [From paxp6;, 
“long,” or “great,” a “wing.”] 
Applied to seeds having wings of unusual 
length. 
[From paxpd;, 
“long,” or “great,” and <rxe\o;, a “leg.”] 
A genus of organic deviations character- 
ized by excessive development of the 
legs. 
Mac-ro'si-a,® or Mac-ro'sis.* [From 
paicp6$, “long,” or “great.”] Increase of 
bulk, or length; augmentation; elon- 
gation. 
Macrosomatia,* mak-ro-so-ma'- 
she-a. [From paxpd;, “ long,” or “ great,” 
and mopa, a “body.”] Applied to mon- 
sters characterized by the greatness of 
the entire body. 
Mac-ro-sta'«liy-ns.* [From paxpd;, 
“long,” or “great,” and crraxi's, an “ear 
of corn.”] Having flowers disposed in 
long and thick spikes, or ears. 
Mac-ro-sty'lus.* [From paxpo;, 
“ long,” or “ great,” and otv\o;, a “ style.”] 
Having a very long style, as the Onicus 
macrostylus. 
Ma«'u-la,® plural Mac'n-la?. Lite- 
rally, a “spot,” or “stain.” Applied to 
a dark spot on the sun’s surface, or to a 
permanent spot or stain on some part of 
the skin, unconnected with disorder of 
the constitution. 
Macula Matri'cis.® (“Spot of, or 
from, the Mother.”) See Nasvu8 Ma- 
ternus. 
Mac'u-lae,* the plural of Macula, 
which see. 
Mac'u-lar. [Macnla'ris.] Belong- 
ing to macu/te ; resembling macuhe. 
Mac'u-latc. [Macula'tns.] Having 
maculse. 
VI ae-ii-I l-for'ill is.® [From mac’ula, 
a “spot.”] Having spots, or stains. 
Mac-u-lose', or Mac'u-lous. [Mac- 
nlo'sus; from mac'ula, a “spot.”] 
Full of spots; spotted. 
Mailar. See Mudar. 
Maii-a-ro'sis.* [From paiap6;,“ bald.”] 
Loss of hair, particularly of the eye- 
brows or eyelashes. 
Madder. The Rubia tinctorum. 
Mail-e-fac'tion. [Mailefac'tio, 
o'nis; from madefa'cio, madefac'tum, 
to “ make wet.”] The act of wetting. 
Madjoun, majoon', written also 
311 MAD 
MAG 
Madjountl. An intoxicating prepa- 
ration composed of powdered hemp and 
honey, and used by the Turks and Alge- 
rines. 
Madness. See Insanity, Lunacy, 
and Mania. 
Madness, Canine. See Hydropho- 
bia. 
Mad're-pore. [Fr. mad re, “speck- 
led,” or “spotted,” and pore, a “pore.”] 
A genus of corals, or zoophytes, having 
stems shaped like trees. 
Mag-el-lan'ic Clouds. [Named 
from Magellan, a strait not very far 
from the south pole.] Two whitish spots 
in the heavens, near the south pole, 
composed of nebulae, or clusters of fixed 
stars. 
Ma-gcn'ta. A beautiful crimson dye 
obtained from aniline. 
Mag'is-ter-y. [From magis'ter, a 
“master.”] A term formerly applied to 
almost all precipitates supposed to be 
subtle and masterly preparations. 
Ma-gis'tral. [Magistra'lis; from 
magis'ter, a “ master.”] Applied to 
medicines prescribed for the occasion, by 
a competent person, in distinction from 
such as are officinal, or kept prepared in 
the shops. As the latter are prepared 
according to a certain formula, an intelli- 
gent apprentice is generally equal to the 
task; but the knowledge of a master is 
needed to give directions for an original 
preparation. 
JIag'ma, a tie.* [Gr. gayg a, “any 
kneaded mass.”] Dregs; sediment; a 
squeezed mass of a certain consistence. 
Mag'neS,® gen. Mag-nc'tis. The 
same as Magnet, which see. 
Mag'nes Ar-sen-I-ca'lis.® A corro- 
sive preparation of equal parts of sul- 
phur, white arsenic, and common anti- 
jnony, mixed by fusion. 
Magnesia,® mag-ne'zhe-a. [From 
Magne'sia, a district of Lydia, where the 
earth was originally obtained.] One of 
the primitive alkaline earths; an oxide 
of magnesium. 
Magne'sia IJs'ta.® (“Burnt Magne- 
sia.”) Calcined magnesia. 
Magne'sise (mag-ne'zhe-e) Car-bo 
nas.® (“Carbonate of Magnesia.”) A 
white substance, occurring in powder or 
pulverulent masses, wholly dissolved by 
dilute sulphuric acid. 
Magne'sia; Sul'plias.® (“ Sulphate 
of Magnesia.”) A substance occurring in 
colorless crystals, which slowly effloresce 
on exposure to the air, and arc very 
soluble in water. The sulphate of mag- 
nesia, popularly known as Epsom salts, is 
one of the most valuable of all the salines 
cathartics. It is especially adapted to | 
cases where it is desirable to combine a 
refrigerant with a mild and safe purga-J 
tive. 
Mag-ne'&ian. [Mag-nesia'nns; 
from mmjne'sia.] Belonging to magnesia ; I 
containing magnesia. Applied to a group 
of rocks. 
Magnesium,® mag-ne'zhe-um. The 
metallic base of magnesia. 
Mag'net. [Lat. Mag'nes, ne'tis; 
Gr. ; Fr. Aimant, Ahion®', or Pierre $ 
cl’Aimaiit,pe-6R'd&'moN<>'.] Loadstone; a 
native oxide of iron which attracts iron. 
(See Loadstone.) More usually applied, 
however, to a bar of steel or iron to 
which the magnetic property has been 
imparted. 
Mag-net'ic. [Magnet'icus.] Be- 
longing to the magnet. 
Magnet-ism. [Magnetis'mus; 
from i Ay ms, a “magnet.”] The property 
of attraction, or repulsion, possessed by 
the loadstone. The science which inves- I 
tigates the phenomena presented by 
natural and artificial magnets, and the 
laws by which they are connected. 
Magnetism, Animal. See Mes- h 
MERISM. 
Mag-net-ol'o-gy. [Magnetolo'gia; 
from gayrns, a “magnet,” and Xoyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] A treatise on the magnet! 
and magnetism; the science of magnet-B 
ism. 
Mag-net-om 'e-ter. [Magnetom 'e- 
truni; from /tdyvris, a “magnet,” and 
gzrpov, a “measure.”] An apparatus for : 
ascertaining the force with which the 
magnet attracts iron in different places, p 
Mag-no'li-a.® (Fr. Magnolier, m&g'-H 
no'le-d,'.) A Linnaean genus of the! 
class Poli/andria, natural order Mag*B 
noliacea?; also, the Pharmacopceial name! 
(II.S. Ph.) for the bark of Magno'liaM 
glau'ca, Magno'lia acumina'ta, and AIay-y\ 
no'Ha tripet’ala. This bark is a mild! 
aromatic tonic, and has been employed! 
with success as a remedy in intermittent 
fevers. 
Magnoliacese,® mag-no-le-a'she-e,l 
or Mag-no'li-se.® A natural order of! 
exogenous trees and shrubs, natives of I 
the tropical and temperate parts of Ame-I 
rica and Asia. It includes the Magnolia, 
the Tulip-tree, and ether trees of great 
beauty. Many species are valuable 
tonics. 
Mag-no-M-a'ceous. [Magnolia'- 
ceiis.] Resembling the Magnolia. 
312 MAG 
A common French term for Nostalgia. 
Ma-lag' nia, iltis.* [From yaXaoooj, to 
“soften.”] See Cataplasma. 
Malaise (Fr.), m&'lez', or mh'lkz'. 
[From mal, “ ill,” and aise, “ease.”] Dis- 
comfort or uneasiness. 
Ua-laiu lm Bark, or JIatias Bark. 
The bark of a tree found in Colombia, 
and used as a substitute for cinchona. 
Ma lar, [ tlala ris: from ma'la, tho 
“cheek.”] Belonging to the cheek-bone. 
Ma-Ia'ri-a.® [From the Italian ma'la, 
“bad,” and a'ria, “air.”] A term for 
marsh miasmata, or infectious effluvia 
from decayed animal or vegetable matter. 
Ma-Ia'rl-al, or Ma-la'ri-ous. Be- 
longing to, or caused by, malaria. 
Mal'ate. [Ma'las, a'fis.] A combi- 
nation of malic acid with a base. 
Male Fern. See Aspidium Filix Mas. 
MaleslierJiiacea?,* mal-zer-be-a'- 
she-e. [From Malesherbia, one of the 
genera.] A small natural order of exo- 
genous plants, found in Chili and Peru. 
Mal-for-ina'tion. A deviation from 
tho natural or proper form of an organ. 
Malic. [Mal ieiiK: from mu'turn, 
an “ apple.”] Belonging to an apple. 
Applied to an acid obtained from tho 
juice of apples, and other fruits. 
Mal'Ice IEre-pcnse'. [Fr. malice, 
“ill will,” pre, “before,” and petiscr, to 
“think.”] Premeditated ill will; in legal 
phrase, “malice aforethought.” 
Mal-i-lor'mis.® [From ma'lum, an 
“apple.”] Having the form of an apple. 
Bla-lig'nant. [Malig'nns; from 
ma'lus, “evil.”] (Fr. Malin, ma'laNo'.) 
Applied to diseases that endanger life, 
more especially to such as are charac- 
terized by their violence or atrocity, so to 
speak (as cancer, the plague, etc.), and 
by their rapid progress to a fatal termi- 
nation. 
Malin. See Malignant. 
Ma-lin'ger-er. [From the French 
Malingre, “ sickly.”] One who simulates 
or feigns disease, to avoid labor or pun- 
ishment. 
Ma'lis.* [Gr. yaXtg, a “cutaneous dis- 
ease.”] A Greek term, according to Dr. 
Good, for cutaneous vermination, or the 
skin being infested with animalcules. 
Ma'lis Fi-la'rl-se.* (“ Skein-W orm.”) 
See Guinea-Worm. 
Mal-le-a-bil'I-ty-. [MaBlealtil'ilas, 
n't is; from mal'leus, a “hammer,” or 
“mallet.”] The property possessed by 
certain metals of being beaten into form 
without cracking. 
Mal-le-a'tion. [Mallea'tio, o'iim; 
MAL 
Mag-no'll-se,* the plural of Mag- 
nolia, forming the Jussieuan name of a 
natural order of plants. See Magno- 
liacea:. 
Ma-hog-'a-ny. Tho wood of the 
Swiete'nia Mahag'oni, or Mahogany-tree, 
the bark of which is used as a substitute 
for Peruvian bark, though it is inferior. 
Main, maN°. The French term for 
Hand, which see. 
Maize. A common name for the Zea 
mays, or Indian-corn plant. 
Ma-jor-a'na.® The plant marj oram; 
also spelled Marjorana. See Origanum 
V ULGARE. 
Majora'na Sy-ri'a-ca.* A name 
for the Teu'crium ma'rum, or Syrian herb 
mastieh. 
Ma'la.* [Contraction of maxiVla, 
the “jaw”?] The prominent part of the 
cheek, or cheek-ball. 
Malacia,* ma-la'she-a. [From ga- 
Xaxog, “effeminate.”] Literally, “soft- 
ness,” “luxury,” or “effeminacy.” De- 
praved or fanciful appetite, as in chloro- 
sis, pregnancy, etc. So called, it would 
seem, because effeminate or luxurious 
habits often create capricious desires. 
Mal-a-coto-gy. [From gaXaxia, the 
Aristotelian name of Mollusca, and Xoyog, 
a “ discourse.”] The science which 
tceats of the Mollusca, which Cuvier 
divided into six classes, Ceplialop'oda, 
Pterop'oda, Gasterop' oda, Aceph'ala, 
Brachiop'oda, and Cirrop'oda. A notice 
of these will be found under their re- 
spective heads. See Mollusca. 
Mal -a-co'ma, atisfi [From gaXaxdoi, 
to “soften.”] A softening of a part, as 
of the brain, kidneys, bones, etc. 
Mal-a-eo-pltyl'ltis.* [From gaXaxog, 
“soft,” and tpvXXov, a “leaf.”] Having 
leaves soft to the touch. 
Mal-a-uo sis.® [From gaXaxuw, to 
“soften.”] The progress of malacoma. 
Mal-a-«os' te-on.s [From gaXat<6;, 
“soft,” and cloreor, a “bone.”] Softness 
of the bones. 
Mal-a-co-zo-o-lo'gl-a.* [From gaXa- 
k6;, “ soft,” %<mv, an “ animal,” and Xuyo;, 
a “ discourse.”] A treatise on Mollusca. 
Mal-a-co-zo'oii.* [From gaXaxng, 
“soft,” and an “animal.”] The 
same as Molluscum. 
Mal-ae-tin'I-a.* [From gaXaxog, 
“soft,” and dx-iv, a “ray,” “radius.”] 
The same as Acalepha. See Acale- 
PH US. 
Maladoe, The French 
term for Disease, which see. 
Maladic du Pays, ma’li'di' dii p&'£'. 
313 MAL 
MAM 
from mal'leuc, a, “hammer,” or “mal- 
let.”] A species of Chorea, in which 
the hands convulsively act in striking on 
the knees, as if with a hammer. 
Mal-le'o-lar. [From malle'olus, a 
“ little hammer.”] A term applied to two 
branches of the posterior tibial artery. 
Mal-le'o-lus.® [Diminutive of mal' - 
lens, a “hammer.”] Applied to the pro- 
jections of bone on the tibia and fibula, 
forming the inner and outer ankles. 
Mal'le-us.* (“A Hammer.”) One of the 
small bones of the internal ear; named 
from its resemblance to a hammer. 
Mal-lo-coc'cus.* [From paXXdj, a 
“ fleece,” and kokkos, a “berry.”] Having 
hairy fruit. 
Mal'low. The Jfalva sylvestris. 
Malpigiiiacese,* mal-pe-ge-a'she-e. 
[From Malpi'ghia, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, nearly all of which are tropical. 
Many of them have beautiful flowers. 
Malpighian (mal-pee'ge-an) Bod'- 
ics. [Cor'pora Malpighi.] Ap- 
plied to small bodies or corpuscles found 
in the kidney: also to certain white cor- 
puscles found in the spleen, similar in 
structure to the follicles of the lymphatic 
glands. 
Malpi'ghii (mal-pee'ge-e) Re'te.® 
The liete muco'sum of the negro, first 
pointed out by Malpighi. 
Malt. Barley which has been pre- 
pared for the manufacture of beer by in- 
cipient germination. 
Mains Meti'I-ca.* The same as Cit- 
rus Meoica, which see. 
MiU'vsi.® [From imXaxn, “ softness.”] 
A Linnasan genus of the class Monadel- 
phia, natural order Malvacese. Tho 
Pharmacopceial name (Bond, and Ed. 
Ph.) of the Jfalva sylvestris. 
Mal'va Kyi- ves'tris.* The com- 
mon mallow-plant. 
Malvaceae,* mal-va'sho-e. A natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants, which 
abound in tropical and temperate re- 
gions. It includes the Malva (Mallow), 
Hibiscus, and Cossypium, the true cotton- 
plant. Tho uniform character of tho 
order is to abound in mucilage, which 
is used as a demulcent or emollient. 
Mamelle. See Mamma. 
Mamelon, mS,m'16N»'. See Nipple. 
Marn'ma,* plural Marn'ma;. [From 
(X'i/i/m, the “ instinctive cry of an infant.”] 
(Fr. Mamelle, m&'mell'.) The breast; an 
organ forming, in the human female, a 
globular projection on each side of the 
thorax; being the scat of the lactiferous 
(or milk-producing) glands. Applied 
also to the corresponding part of all 
animals that suckle their young. 
Mammaire. See Mammary. 
Kaiuinal. [Maiiiina'Iis; from 
mam'urn, a “breast.”] Having breasts, 
or teats. Applied to a class of animals. 
See Mammalia. 
Mam-ma'li-a,*orMam'mals. [Ths 
plural neuter of mamma'lis, “having 
breasts, or teats.” See Mamma.] Tho 
most highly organized class of the ani- 
mal kingdom, constituting the first or 
highest section of Cuvier's grand divi- 
sion Vertebrata. They possess mammary 
glands, and suckle their young. A great 
majority of them are four-footed and are 
covered with hair. The Cetaceans instead 
of four feet have corresponding or analo- 
gous fins. One of the principal ana- 
tomical characteristics of the Mammalia 
is the condition of the lungs, which are 
suspended freely in a thoracic cavity and 
separated from the abdomen by a perfect 
diaphragm. 
Mam-miil 'o-gy. [Mammalo'gia.] 
A treatise on Mammalia; tho science 
which treats of mammiferous animals. 
Mnin'ma-ry. [Mamma'rius; from 
marn'ma, a “breast.”] (Fr. Mammaire, 
mlm'mcR1.) Belonging to the mamma, 
or female breast. 
Mammary Gland. The organ 
which secretes the milk; a gland placed 
beneath the adipose layer of the mamma. 
Mam-ma'tus.* Having mammae, or 
breasts: mammate. 
Mam-mif'er-us.* [From marn'ma, 
tho “breast,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Having breasts, or teats. Applied in tho 
plural neuter (Mammif era) to a class of 
animals, the same as Mammalia. 
Mam nu-forin. [Mammifor'mis; 
from marn'ma, tho ‘•breast.”] Having 
the form of the breast. 
Mam-mil'la,'* plural Mam-mil'lse. 
[Diminutive of marn’ma, the “breast.”] 
A little breast; a nipple. Also applied 
to the male breast. See Nipple. 
M a in ' ns i 1 -1. a- r y. [Mammilla'ris; 
from mammil'la, a “nipple.”] Be- 
longing to the nipple, or resembling a 
nipple or small breast. 
Mam'mil-Iate. [Mammilla' tus.] 
Having mammil'lte, or nipples. In Bot- 
any, bearing little prominences on tho 
surface. 
Mam-mil-la'tion. [Mammilla'tio, 
o 'nis; from mammil'la, a “nipple.”] 
Applied to the appearances of little prom- 
inences like granulation? on a mucous 
314 surface, as of the stomach sometimes in 
phthisis, etc. 
Main-mil-lif'er-us.® [Prom mam- 
mil'la, a “ nipple,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing mammillee, or something resem- 
bling them. 
Main-inil-ll-forniis.® [From mam- 
mil'la, a “ nipple.”] Having the form 
of mammillee: mammilliform. 
Mani-iuil-lo Mis. [From mammiV- 
la, a “nipple.”] Having mammillee, or 
prominent tubercles. 
Mam'mose. [Manuno'sns; from 
mam’mo, the “breast.”] Having breasts, 
or prominences like breasts. 
Main'moitli. A word of Tartar ori- 
gin, applied in Siberia to burrowing 
animals. It is usually applied to an 
extinct species of elephant, the El'ephas 
primige'niits. An entire animal of this 
species has been found in Siberia, with 
the soft parts preserved in the ice. 
Mani'imi-la.* [Diminutive of mam'- 
ma, the “breast.”] Applied to the 
swollen conceptacles on the thallus of 
certain lichens. 
Man. = Manip' ulus.* “A handful.” 
Man. [Ifo'mo, Ilom’inis.] In 
general, a human being, classed with 
mammiferous animals, and constituting 
the sole genus of the order Bimana of 
the Mammalia. Man (Latin, Vir), in a 
restricted sense, denotes the male of the 
human species. 
Mn-iia'tus.® [From ma'nus, a “ hand;” 
so called in allusion to its hand-like 
fins.] A genus of herbivorous Cetaceans, 
including the species usually called the 
sea-cow. 
Man-cbi-neel', or Man-clii-neal'. 
The Hippom'ane Mancinel'la, a poison- 
ous tree of South America. With its 
juice the aborigines poison their arrows. 
Man'dl-ble. [Mandib'ula, or 
Maiulib'uluin; from man'do, to 
“chew.”] Applied in the plural to the 
anterior or superior pair of jaws in cer- 
tain insects; also to the jaws of birds. 
Man'dible. [Mandib'ula; from 
the same.] A name for the lower jaw 
(maxilla inferior). 
Man-dlb'u-lar. [Mandibula'ris; 
from mandib'ula, a “mandible.”] Be- 
longing to a mandible, or the lower jaw. 
Man-dib-n-la'ta,* or Man-dib'n- 
lates. [From mandib'ula, a “jaw.”] 
A grand section of insects, including all 
those which preserve their organs of 
mastication in their last or perfect stage 
of metamorphosis. 
Man-dib'u-ll-forin. [Mandibuli- 
MAM 
for'mis; from mandib'ula, a “mandi- 
ble.”] Applied to the jaws of insects 
when hard and horny. 
Mandioe. See Jatropha Manihot. 
Man-drag'o-ra.® The narcotic plant 
Atropa Mandragora, or mandrake. 
Mandrake. See Mandragora. 
Man-du-ea'tion. [Maiiduca'tio, 
o'nitt; from mandu'co, manduca'turn, to 
“chew.”] The same as Mastication, 
which see. 
Man'g'a-nate. [Man'ganas, a'f/s.] 
A combination of manganic acid and a 
base. 
Man'ga-nese. [Mangane'sium.] 
A peculiar metallic substance, which is 
gray, hard, brittle, and very difficult of 
fusion. In its metallic form it has not 
been applied to any use. The specific 
gravity is about 8. 
Man-gu-ne'sic. [Manganes'ieus; 
from mangane’ sium.~\ Applied to an acid 
obtained from manganese. 
Mangane'sii (man-ga-ne'she-i) Ox'I- 
dnmNi'grum.* (“Black Oxideof Man- 
ganese.”) The name applied to the native 
impure deutoxide of manganese in pow- 
der. This substance has been placed on 
the primary list of the Materia Medica 
in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Black oxide of manganese is regarded 
as a tonic and alterative; it has been 
employed in syphilis and various cuta- 
neous diseases. When slowly intro- 
duced into the system, as happens to those 
engaged in grinding this mineral, it acts 
(like lead or mercury) as a cumulative 
poison, often producing paraplegia. 
Mangane'sii Sul'jilias.® (“Sul- 
phate of Manganese.”) This substance 
occurs in colorless, or pale rose-colored, 
transparent crystals. It has been 
placed on the primary list of the Mate- 
ria Medica in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
for 1860. It acts as a cholagogue pur- 
gative, and also as an alterative. 
Manganiuin. See Manganese. 
llanga-iious. [Mangano'sus; 
from mangane'stum.] Applied to an oxido 
of manganese. 
Man'go. (Called by the Hindoos 
dm.) The fruit of the Mangif era In'- 
dica, a large fruit-tree, inhabiting the 
tropical parts of Asia, throughout all 
which it is cultivated nearly as exten- 
sively as the apple and pear are in Eu- 
rope. The fruit is somewhat like a necta- 
rine, but longer. It contains a large 
stone covered with coarse fibres, which 
are surrounded with succulent flesh, or 
rather a thick, pulpy juice. 
MAN 
315 MAN 
macopoofal name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
for the fecula of the tubers of the Ma- 1 
ranta arundinacea, and Maranta Indica. 
Haran'ta Arumlinacea* (a-run- 
di-na'she-a). The arrow-root plant. 
Maran'ta 6a-lan'ga.$ A plant 
believed to yield yalanyal, a pungent 
aromatic root formerly used as a substi- 
tute for ginger. This root is brought 
from China and the East Indies. 
Muran'ta In'cll-ca.* A species of 
Maranta, from which arrow-root is ob- 
tained. 
Marantaceav* mar-an-ta'she-e. A 
natural order of endogenous plants, 
found in the tropical parts of Africa and 
America. It includes the Maran'ta, from 
which arrow-root is procured. 
Msir-an-ta'ceous. [Maranta'- 
cens.] Resembling Maran'ta. 
Miir-as-mo’des.:; [From maras'mus, 
a “ withering,” or “ wasting away.”] Re- 
sembling, or having, marasmus. 
Ma-ras-mo-i'de£.* [From maras'- 
mns, a “withering,” or “wasting away,” 
and clios, a “form.”] Resembling ma- 
rasmus: maras'moid. 
.Mar-as-iuop'y-ra.* [From maras'- 
mus, a “withering,” or “wasting away,” 
and mp, a “fever.”] Hectic fever. 
Ma-ras'mus.* [From papairm, to 
“wither.”] Literally, a “withering,” or 
“wasting away.” Consumption of the 
whole body. 
Mar'ble. (Fr. Marbre, maiibn.) A 
species of limestone, or hard carbonate 
of lime, capable of a high polish. See 
Marmor. 
Mar-cds'cent. [Jlarces'eens; from 
mar'ceo, to “ wither.”] Withering; gra- 
dually withering, without falling off. 
Marcjrraviaceav* mark-gra-ve-a' • 
sho-e.. [From Marcgra'via, one of the 
genera.] A small natural order of ex- 
ogenous trees and shrubs, found in equi- 
noctial America. 
Mareliantiacese.* mar-shan-te-a'- 
she-e. [From Marchan'tin, one of the 
genera.] A name given by Lindley to 
a natural order of plants. See He- 
patic as. 
Mar'cor,® plural Mar-co'res. 
[From mar'ceo, to “wither.”] Leanness 
or wasting of the body. Applied in the 
plural to diseases characterized by emaci- 
ation of the body, constituting an order 
of the class Cachexia: of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy. See Marasmus. 
Marl, a fertilizing substance 
found in nature, consisting of a mixture 
of calcareous and argillaceous earths. 
MAR 
Ifa'nl a.* [Gr. pavia ; from pairopai, to 
“rage.”] Delirium unaccompanied by 
fever; madness. A genus of the order 
Vesanix, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. See Insanity. 
Ma'nia a Po'tuA (“Madness from 
Drinking.”) Insanity resulting from 
excessive indulgence in drinking. See 
Delirium Tremens. 
Ma-nia-cal. [Maniaca'Iis.] Af- 
fected with mania; resembling mania. 
Han'i-cate. [Manica'tns; from 
man'ica, a “glove,” or “sleeve.”] 
Gloved; covered with a woolly coat 
which may be stripped off whole, as 
some plants. 
Mailie wans IK*lire, m3,'n6' son® <1A- 
14r\ (“ Madness, without Delirium.”) 
See Moral Insanity. 
Ma-nip-u-la'tion. [From manip'u- 
lus, a “handful.”] The mode of han- 
dling utensils, materials, etc., in experi- 
mental philosophy; the performance of 
experiments. 
Ma-ni|>'u-lus.* [From ma'num im'- 
pleat, “ what fills the hand.”] A handful. 
Man'na.* A substance supposed to 
resemble the manna of the Holy Scrip- 
tures, obtained from several species of 
ash-tree. The Pharmacopoeial name |] 
for “the concrete juice, in flakes, of the 
Frax'inus or'nus, and Frax'inus rotundi- 
fo'lia." 
Man-mif'er-us.* [From man'na, and 
fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing or affording 
manna. 
Man'uite. [ tlan'nis. i't/g.] A 
white substance, chiefly obtained from 
manna, and on which its laxative vir- 
tues depend; sugar of manna. 
ifan. j»r. = Ma'ne pri'mo.* “Very 
early in the morning.” 
Man'tie. [JPal'lium.] A develop- 
ment of the skin wThich covers the body 
or a portion of the body of nearly all 
Mollusca. 
Ma-nu'bri-uni.'S [From ma'nus, the 
“hand,” and ha'beo, to “hold.”] Lite- 
rally, a “hilt,” or “handle.” Applied 
in Anatomy to the uppermost part of 
the sternum. 
Mamt'brium Ma'nns.* An epithet 
applied to the radius. 
Man-u-ln'vl-uni.* - [From ma'nus, 
a “hand,” and la'co, to “wash.”] A 
hand-bath. 
Ma'nus.* (Fr. Main, max0.) The 
hand. See Hand. 
Manustupratio. See Masturba- 
tion. 
Arrow-root. ThePhar- 
316 MAR 
MAR 
The calcareous portion often consists 
of the fragments or debris of small 
shells. 
Har'gii.ratc. [Mar'garas, a'b's.] 
A combination of margaric acid with a 
base. 
Mar-gdr'ic. [Margar'iens; from 
margari'na.] Applied to an acid ob- 
tained from margarin. 
Mar'ga-rin, or Mar'ga-rlne. 
[Margari'na; frompdpyapor, a “pearl.”] 
A simple fat, a constituent of the radical 
termed margaryl; named from its pearly 
appearance. 
Mar ga-ryl. [From margari'na, 
“margarin,” and vXn, “material.”] A 
radical, of which stearin and margarin 
are constituents. 
Mar'gi-nal. [Margina'lis; from 
mar’go, mar’ginis, a “ border.”] Placed 
upon, or belonging to, the margin. 
Mar'gin-ate. [Margina'tus; from 
mar'gino, margina'tum, to “ make bor- 
ders.”] Having a border, edge, or 
margin. 
Marine (ma-reen') Muriatic 
or hydrochloric acid, formerly termed 
the spirit of salt. 
Marine' Salt. Chloride of sodium ; 
common salt: formerly called muriate 
of soda. 
Mfir'I-time. [Marit'inius; from 
via're, the “ sea.”] Belonging to the sea, 
or bordering on the sea. 
Mar jo-ram, tom'inon. The Orig'- 
anum vulga're. 
Marjoram, Sweet. The Orig'anum 
majora'na. 
Marjoram, Wild. The Orig'anum 
vulga're. 
Marl. See Marga. 
Mar-mar'y-ga,® or Mar-mar'- 
y-ge,* plural Mar-mar'y-gse. [From 
pappaipco, to “ shine.”] In the plural, the 
appearance of sparks or coruscations 
before the eyes. 
Mar-mar-y-go'des.® [From mar- 
mar'ygse.] Having, or resembling, mar- 
mar ygm. 
Mar'mor, or is* [From pappaipw, to 
“shine.”] (Fr. Marbre, maRbR.) Mar- 
ble. The Pharmacopoeial name for the 
crystalline, or white granular, carbonate 
of lime. See Marble. 
Marmo-rate. [From mar'mor, 
“marble.”] Marbled; applied to some 
vegetable products. 
Mar row. [Lat,. Medul la: Or.p"£- 
Xos; Fr. Moelle, mo’ell'.] The fatty oleagi- 
nous substance in the cavities of long 
tylindrioal bones. 
Marrow, Spinal. See Medtjlla 
Spinalis. 
Mar-ru'fol-aim.® Horehound. A 
Linntean genus of the class Didynamia, 
natural order Labiatx. Also, the Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
of Marru'bium vulga're. 
Marrubium Album.* (“White 
II orehoiftid.”) Another name for the 
Marrubium vulgare. 
Marrubium Vnl-ga're.* (“Com- 
mon Horehound.’’) The systematic name 
of the common or white horehound, also 
called Marrubium album. 
Mars,* gen. Mar'tis. [The name 
of the god of war, also used for “war” 
itself.] One of the planets. Also, the 
alchemical name of iron, given on ac- 
count of its importance in war; hence 
the salts of iron were called Martial 
Salts. 
Marseilles (mar-salz/) Via'e-gar. 
Thieves’ Vinegar. A solution of essential 
oils and camphor in vinegar. The re- 
putation of this prophylactic in conta- 
gious fevers is said to have arisen from the 
confession of four thieves, who, during 
the plague at Marseilles, plundered the 
dead bodies with perfect security, being 
preserved from contagion by this aro- 
matic vinegar, which has, hence, been 
called Le Vinaigre deg Quatre Voleurs, 
leh d& k&tR vo’Iur' (“the Vine- 
gar of the Four Thieves ”). 
Marsh Mal'Iow. The Altheea offici- 
nalis. 
Marsh’s Test. A test for arsenious 
acid, consisting in the action upon the 
acid of nascent hydrogen, obtained by 
dissolving zinc in dilute sulphuric acid ; 
the arsenious acid is deoxidyzed, with 
evolution of arseniuretted hydrogen 
gas. 
Marsileacese,* mar-sil-e-a'she-e. 
[From Marsil'ea, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of eryptogamic plants, 
resembling mosses, found in ditches or 
wet places. 
Mar-su'pi-al. [Marsnpia'lis; 
from marsn'pium, a “pouch.”] Pouched, 
or resembling a pouch. 
Mar-su-pl-a'li-a,® or Mar-sn'pl- 
als. [From the same.] An order of 
mammiferous quadrupeds, of which the 
females have a portion of the abdomi- 
nal integument folded inwards, form- 
ing either a depression containing the 
mammae, or a pouch serving also as a tem- 
porary abode for the young. It includes 
the kangaroo, opossum, and wombat. 
Mar-su'i>I-I-IIo'rus.* [From marsu’- 
317 MAR 
MAS 
pium, a “pouch,” and jlos, a “flower.”] 
Having pouch-like flowers. 
Mar-sii'pi-um.® [From p'lpcmog, a 
“little sack.”] A pouch. Applied to 
the large cavity of the peritonaeum; also, 
to the scrotum. In Zoology, the pouch 
or receptacle near the mammae of the 
opossum, kangaroo, etc. 
Marteau, mait'to'. The French term 
for Malleus, which see. 
Martial. See MaiiS. 
Ma’ruai Sy-ri'a-enm,'35 or Ten'- 
© 3*1-is ail Ma'raim.* An aromatic plant 
of the natural order Labiatse, formerly 
used as a tonic, antispasmodic, or errhine. 
Mas,*’ gen. Ma'ris. The male of any 
kind of animal. 
Mas-CM-lI-fla'rns.® [From mas'eu- 
lus, “ male,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing male flowers: masculiflo'rous. 
Mas'ca-llaie. [Mas'culms; from 
mas, a “ male.”] Male, or belonging to 
tho male sex ; resembling a man or male. 
Muslxeii. [From tho French masquer, to 
“disguise.”] See Personate. 
Mas'sa.* [From pajuco, to “ knead.”] 
Any compound from which pills are to 
bo made. 
Ma.Vsa de Hy-d rar'gy-t'o,4 or Mas'- 
sa ex BTydirar'gyro* (“Mass [pre- 
pared] from Mercury.”) See Blue Mass. 
Mas-se'ter, id vis.* [Gr. paaar)T>ip; 
from paiaaopai, to “chew.”] A short, 
thick muscle of the lower jaw, on each 
side of the face. 
Mas-se-tgs-'ic. [Masse ter'icus.] 
Belonging to the masseter muscle. 
Mas'sl-c»t. Yellow oxido of lead. 
Mas'ta-den, cat*.'35 [From pairog, 
the “breast,” and iPrpv, a “gland.”] The 
mammary gland, or female breast. 
Mas-ta-de-mi'tis, Mis* [From 
mas'taden, the “mammary gland.”] In- 
flammation of the mammary gland. 
Mas-tftl'gi -a.'35 [From pavrog, tho 
“breast,” .and a\yog, “pain.”] Pain of 
the mammary gland, or breast. 
Mas-taux'e.* [From paardg, the 
“ breast,” and “ increase.”] Swol- 
len or enlarged female breast. 
Mast-fcel-co'sfls.® [From paardg, tho 
“breast,” and rXv&mg, “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration of the mamma, or female 
breast. 
Mas'tic, or Mas'ticSt. [Gr. paarixn.~\ 
A resinous substance obtained from the 
Pistacia lentiscus. It is a stimulant and 
tonic, but it is rarely given internally, 
except in combination. (See Mastiche.) 
Dissolved in alcohol or oil of turpentine, 
it is used as a varnish. 
M as-tS-cii' < ion. [Mastica'tio, 
o'nis; from man'tico, mastica'tum, to 
“chew.”] The act or process of chew- 
ing ; also, the taking, chewing, and in- 
salivation of the food. 
Mas'ti-ca-to-ry. [Jlasticato'rius; 
from the same.] Relating to mastication. 
Also, a medicine to he masticated, or 
chewed. 
Mas'tich Tree. The Pista'cia len- 
tis'eus. 
Mas'ti-etic,35gen. Mas'ti~eBie&. [Gr. 
paarixi; from pacrnxii co, to “chew.”] 
Mastic. The name applied to the con- 
crete juice of the Pista'cia lenlis'cus. It 
has been placed on the primary list of 
the Materia Medica of the U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia for 1S60. It forms one of the 
ingredients of the Pilulce Aloes ct J/as- 
tiches. See Mastic. 
Mas'ta-cin, or Mas'ti-cine. A pe- 
culiar principle obtained by the action 
of alcohol upon mastic. 
Mastick. See Mastic. 
Mas'tf-cot. The same as Massicot. 
Mas'tl-cus.® [From paarig, the 
“breast.”] Mastic. Belonging to the 
mammae. 
Mas-ti'tis, idis* [From the same.] 
Phlegmonous inflammation of the female 
breast. 
at is* [From 
paareg, the “ breast,” and carcino'ma.] Car- 
cinoma, or incipient cancer of the breast. 
Mas-to'des.35 [From pairog, the 
“ breast.”] Having largo breasts. 
Mas'to-dosn.'35 [From paarog, the 
“breast,” “teat,” or “nipple,” (?) and 
iSotlg, a “tooth.”] A genus of extinct, 
gigantic quadrupeds, allied to the ele- 
phant; so called from the conical projec- 
tions upon the surfaces of the molar teeth. 
Mas-lo-dya'I-a.* [From pajrog, the 
“ breast,” and o-jvrn, “ pain.”] Pain oc- 
curring in the mamma, or female breast. 
Mas'taitl. [Mastoi'des; from pair- 
roy, the “ breast,” and eiSog, a “ form.”] 
Resembling the breast or nipple. 
Mas'toid l»ro§'css. [Pa-oces'ssis 
Mastoi'deus.] A prominence of the 
temporal bone, resembling a nipple or 
teat. 
Mas-toi'de-al. [Masfoi'dcns; 
from mastoi'des proces'sus.] Belonging 
to the mastoid process of the temporal 
bone. 
Mas-to-i-de-al'gi-a.'35 [From mas- 
toi'des proces'sus, and ii\yog, “pain.”] 
Pain in the mastoid process. 
Mas-to-i-de-o^effl-te'sis.? [From 
the mas'toid process, and Kurn\oig, a 
318 MAS 
MAT 
“ puncturing.”] Perforation of the 
mastoid process. 
Mas-tol'o-gy. ; Haslalo'gia: from 
parrdg, the “ breast,” and Xdyog, a “ dis- 
course.”] The natural history of Mam- 
malia ; also, that branch of Anatomy 
which treats of the female breast. 
Mas-to-jsie'nl-a.® [From paarog, the 
“breast,” and phreg, the '‘menses.”] 
Metastasis of the menstrual flow to the 
mammae, or breasts. 
Mas-toii'oiis.® [From paarog, the 
“breast,” and dym'ig, a “tumor.”] A 
tumor of the mamma, mammary gland 
itself, or nipple. 
MaK-to-ira-rec'ta-sna, ahs.* [From 
paarog, the “ breast,” and aapkrapa, “ im- 
moderate extension.”] Excessive dis- 
tension of the breasts. 
Mas-to-jta-4M'a.* [From petards, the 
“ breast,” and rrudog, “ affection,” or 
“disease.”] Pain in the female breast: 
mastop'athy. 
Mas-to-paih'I-cus.*' Belonging to 
mastopathia. 
or Mas-to- 
pl-on'cus.® [From paarog, the “breast,” 
mpsXi), “fat,” and oysug, a “tumor.”] A 
fatty swelling or tumor in the breast. 
Mas-tor- rSBa'g-2-a.* [From paarog, 
the “breast,” and pnyvvpi, to “break 
forth.”] Sudden haemorrhage from the 
breast. 
Mas-to-scir'rJms.® [From paarog, 
the “ breast,” and axippog, a “ hard tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus of the breast. 
Mas-tur-toa'tiois. [Masturfoa'tio, 
o'iris, a contraction of mu'nu-stupra'tio 
(“defilement by the hand”); from ma'- 
nus, the “hand,” and stu'pro, stupra'tum, 
to “ravish,” to “ defile.”] Self-pollution, 
or the secret vice. See Pollution. 
Mate, mil-tiP. See Paraguay Tea. 
Ma ter A-ce'4i.* (“Mother of Vine- 
gar.”) A mould plant, belonging to the 
genus Mycoder'ma, which is developed in 
vinegar. 
Ma-te'ri-a Med'i-ca.* (“Medical 
Material,” or “Medical Substances.” 
Fr. Matiere Medicate, mAte'en' m&'dA- 
kal'.) A collective term, comprising all 
medicines, or all substances, natural or 
artificial, which are used in the cure of 
diseases. These substances may be di- 
vided into two great classes. 1. Natu- 
"al, or those which are found ready pre- 
pared by nature: as cinchona hark, nut- 
meg, opium, etc. 2. Artificial, or those 
which have been produced or modified 
by chemical agency: as quinta, morphia, 
calomel, lunar caustic, etc. Medicines 
may be again divided into—1. Those 
which owe their effects to some peculiar 
specific property or principle which acts 
upon the vital irritability of the different 
organs or parts of the body: as tartar 
emetic, which has a specific action di- 
rected chiefly to the stomach; calomel, 
whose action is principally directed to 
the liver and salivary glands; and alcohol, 
which exerts a special influence on the 
brain and nervous system, etc. 2. Those 
which owe their efl'ects to merely me- 
chanical properties, as emollient poul- 
tices, lubricating substances used for 
allaying cough, etc. To this last divi- 
sion may be referred bran bread, bran 
mush, etc., which owe their aperient 
effects to the mechanical irritation of the 
alimentary canal, arising from the rough 
particles contained in the food. 
Matlas. See Malambo. 
Malic©,* m&-tee'ko. The South 
American name of the Artan'the elonga'ta, 
a shrub growing wild in the interior 
of Peru. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
for the leaves of the Artanthe elongata. 
They have been assigned a place on the 
primary list of the Materia Mcdiea in the 
U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. Matico 
is an aromatic stimulant and tonic, with 
a tendency like cubebs to act on the 
urinary passages. Hence it has been 
employed in gonorrhoea and other affec- 
tions of the mucous membrane of the 
urethra, vagina, etc. It has also been 
highly recommended as a styptic in 
hsematemesis, hsematuria, etc. 
Matter© M£<licale. See Materia 
Medica. 
Mat raws. A vessel of glass, metal, 
or earthen-ware, used in the processes of 
digestion, distillation, etc. Its shape is 
usually ovoid or globular. 
Mal-ri-ca'ri-ij,* German Chamo- 
mile. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the flowers of Matricaria chamo- 
milla. 
Matriee, miVtciss'. The French term 
for Uterus, which see. 
Ma'trix, i'cis.* [From pnrrip, a “mo- 
ther.”] The uterus, or womb; sometimes 
used almost synonymously with “mo- 
ther.” 
Ma'trix of Teeth. The formative 
organ of a mammalian tooth, consisting 
of a pulp and a capsule; the former is 
converted into dentine, the latter into 
cement. 
Matter. See Pus. 
Ma-tu'rans.* [From matu'ro, matu- 
ra'tuin, to “ripen.”] Literally, “ripen- 
319 MAT 
MED 
ing.” Having power to ripen, or ma- 
ture. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Maturantia, mat-u-ran'she-a) to sub- 
stances which promote the suppuration 
of tumors. 
Mat-u-ra/tion. [Matura'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The process succeeding 
to inflammation, by which pus or matter 
is formed in an abscess. 
Ma-tu'ri-ty. [From matu'rm, “ripe.”] 
A term used in reference to fruits and 
seeds which have reached their full de- 
velopment. 
Maw’-Worm. The As'caris vermicu- 
la'ris, or thread- worm; the Oxyu'ris of 
Rudolphi. 
Max-il'la.® The upper or lower jaw. 
See Maxillary. 
MaxallaSre. See Maxillary. 
Max'il-la-ry-. [Maxilla'ris; from 
maxil'la, a “jaw.”] (Fr. Maxillaire, 
mik'sM'ldii'.) Belonging to the maxilla. 
Applied by Owen especially to the max- 
illa superior. 
Maxillary Sinus. See IIighmoiii- 
Anum Antrum. 
Max'a-mura.* [From max'imus, the 
superlative degree of mag'nus, “great.”] 
A term denoting the greatest possible 
quantity or effect. It is opposed to 
minimum, or the least possible; and to 
medium, or the mean between these ex- 
tremes. 
Mayacese,® ma-ya'she-e. [From Ma- 
ya'ca, one of the genera.] A small natu- 
ral order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in marshes in America. 
May'Biem. [Old Fr. Mehaigner, to 
“hurt.”] In English law, “the violently- 
depriving another of the use of such of 
his members as may render him the less 
able, in fighting, cither to defend him- 
self, or annoy his adversary;” maim, 
hurt, or wound. 
Mays. See Zea Mays. 
May'weed. The common name of 
the Anthemis cotula, a plant growing 
abundantly both in Europe and the 
United States. Its medical properties 
are essentially the same as those of 
chamomile. 
Ma-z»l'o-jry. That branch of Natu- 
ral History which treats of mammiferous 
animals. The same as Mammalogy. 
See Mammalia. 
Mead. [Anglo-Saxon, MSdu; San- 
scrit, Medhm] The name of a fermented 
liquor produced from water sweetened 
with honey. 
Mead ow Oow'foot. The Ranun- 
culus A crts, which see. 
Mosul'ow Saf'fron. The Colciiicum 
Autumnale, which see. 
Mea'sles. (Fr. Iiougeole, roo'zhol'.) 
The disease Rubeola, which sec. 
Me-a'tus.® [From me'o, mea'tum, to 
“go,” “pass,” “move.”] A passage. 
An opening leading to a canal, duct, or 
cavity. 
Hea'tns U-rl-na'ri-us.® (“Urinary 
Passage, or Opening.”) The orifice of 
the urethra. 
Me-«laaii'I-ual. [MecBiaji'icMS.] 
Belonging to Mechanics, or to a ma- 
chine. Applied to medicines which owe 
their effect to more mechanical properties. 
See Materia Medica. 
Me-oliaii'ics. [Lat. Mccliaii'iea, or 
Mochasi'ice? (Jr. pr/Xavirri, from /irixavrj, 
a “machine.”] The science which treats 
of forces and powers, and their action 
on bodies either directly or by the inter- 
vention of machinery. Theoretical Me- 
chanics is divided into two parts, Statics 
and Dynamics. 
MeeBc'el’s Gan'gli-on. The spheno- 
palatine ganglion, discovered by Meckel. 
Mec'o-nate. [Meco'inas, a'f/s.] 
A combination of mcconic acid with a 
base. 
Me-t*on'ic. [Mocow'ieMS; from 
Hfjiccov, the “ poppy.”] Belonging to the 
poppy. Applied to an acid which forms 
one of the constituents of opium. 
[The plural neuter 
of mecon'icus. See Meconic.] Opiates. 
Moc'o-iim, or Moc'o-icSiEe. [Meco'- 
nia; from pmoov, a “poppy.”] A white 
substance found in opium. 
Me-eo-nl-o-l'des.® [From meco'nium, 
and eidos, a “form.”] Resembling meco- 
nium : meco'nioid. 
Me-co-ni-o-lo'gi-su* [From meco'- 
nium, and Xuyuj, a “discourse.”] A treatise 
on meconium, its nature and properties. 
Me-co-m-or-rlsoe'a.® [From meco'- 
nium, and pi',), to “flow.”] A morbidly 
increased discharge of meconium. 
JJc-co'ni-inti.* [Or. gfjicw, from re- 
semblance to the inspissated juice of the 
poppy.] The dark-green cxcrcmenti- 
tious substance found in the large intes- 
tine of the foetus. 
Mec-otiel o-jry. [MeeoisoHo'jjia: 
from pr]K<M, the “poppy,” and Xoyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] A treatise on the poppy, 
or on opium. 
MMecin, m&d'saN“'. The French 
word for Physician, which see. 
Mfidecine. See Medicine. 
Me'di-a,® the plural of Medium. 
Me'«25-«ii. [Media'mss; from me - 
320 MED 
MED 
dius, the “middle.”] In the middle; 
between others • medial, or mesial. 
Me'dian Bsi-sil'ie Vein. A branch 
of the basilic vein. 
Me dian 4)e-i»l»al'ic Vein. A branch 
of the cephalic vein. 
Me'dian lane. [Mia'eaMetlia'iaa.] 
A vertical line supposed to divide the 
body of an animal into two equal parts, 
the one right and the other left. See 
Mesial. 
Me'dian Verve. The second branch 
of the brachial plexus, descending the 
inner part of the arm along the biceps 
muscle. 
Me-dl-a-sti lium. - [From me'dio- 
stan8, “standing in the middle.”] The 
septum, or duplicature of the pleura, 
which divides the cavity of the thorax 
into two parts; the Septum thoracis. 
Med'I-ca, Ma'lus.® (“Apple-Tree 
of Media.”) The Limonitm Citrus, which 
see. 
Med'l-eal. [Med'ieus; from me'deor, 
niede'ri, or med'ico, medica'turn, to “cure,” 
“heal,” or “treat with medicine.”] Be- 
longing to medicine, or the healing art; 
also, pertaining to medicines. 
Med'ical .5 u-ris-jirts deuce. That 
science which applies the principles of 
medicine to the elucidation of doubtful 
questions in courts of justice; also termed 
Legal, or Forensic, Medicine. 
Medicamen. See Medicament. 
Med'I-ca-ment. [Medicamen'turn, 
plural Medicamen'ta; from med'ico, to 
“heal.”] A medicine. 
Med-I-ca-men'ta,* the plural of 
Medicamen'tnm. See Medicament. 
Medicamen'ta Ar-ca'na.* (“ Se- 
cret Medicines.”) Patent medicines. 
Med'I-cat-ed. [Medica'tus; from 
med'ico, medica'turn, to “ heal.”] Having 
the qualities of a medicine. 
Med-I-ca'trix, i'cis* [From the 
same.] Healing, or curing. Always 
joined with a feminine noun: as, vis 
medicatrix (“healing power”). 
Med-I-ci'na IH-se-tet'I-ca.* (“Die- 
tetic Medicine.”) That department of 
medicine which especially regards the 
regulation of diet. 
Medici'na I>i-a-sos'tI-ca.* (“Pre- 
serving Medicine.”) That branch of 
medicine which treats of the preserva- 
tion of health. 
Medici'na (“ Gym- 
nastic Medicine.”) That branch of medi- 
tine which resorts to exercise, with a 
•view of preserving or restoring health. 
Metlici' na Prw-pliy-lac' ti-ca.* 
(“Prophylactic, or Preventive, Medi- 
cine.”) That branch of medicine which 
treats of the means proper for the pre' 
serration of the health. See Prophy- 
lactic. 
[Medicina'lis; from 
medici'na, “medicine.”] Belonging to 
medicine. 
Medif'inal Honrs. Those in which 
it is considered that medicines may bo 
taken with most advantage; being in 
the morning (fasting), an hour before 
dinner, four hours after it, and at bed- 
time. 
Med'I-cIne. [Medici'na; from 
mcd'ivo, to “ heal.”] (Fr. Medecine, m&d'- 
s£n'.) The science of medicine. Also, 
any substance employed for its medicinal 
effects. 
Med'i-ctis.* [From me'deor, to 
“cure,” or “heal.”] A healer of dis- 
eases; a physician. 
Mediae. = Medio'cris* or Medio'ere.* 
“ Middle- sized.” 
Me-di-o-ju-ras'sl-eus.* [From me'- 
clius, the “middle,” and jliras'sicus, “be- 
longing to Jura.”] Applied to a group 
of strata comprehending the intermedi- 
ary oolitic : mcdiojuras'sic. 
Med-i-tnl'li-ura.® The diploe ; also, 
the medullary juice in the spongy tissue 
of the short bones, and extremities of 
the long bones. 
Mc'di-um,® plural Me'dE-a. [From 
me'dius, the “middle.”] The space or 
substance through which a moving body 
passes. The middle place or degree. 
Me-dul'Isj.'® [From me’dius, the 
“middle”?] The marrow. The pith or 
pulp of vegetables. 
Mcdul'ln Wb-lon-g'a'ta.* (Fr. Me- 
socephale, m&'zo'sAfal', or Moclle allonyee, 
mo'ell' &n6Na'zluF.) The “oblong mar- 
row;” so called from its shape. A name 
given to that portion of the brain which 
lies within the cranium on the basilar 
process of the occipital bone. 
Medul'la Spbna'lis.* The spinal 
marrow, or spinal cord. 
Med'ul-la-ry. [MeduIIa'ris: from 
medul'la, “marrow.”] Belonging to 
marrow, or to pith. 
Med'ullary Rays. The radiating 
lines presented by a cross-section of the 
stem of an exogenous tree or other 
plant. 
Med'ullary Sar-co'ma. A name 
for Fungus hsematodes. 
Me-dul'lin, or Me-dul'llne. [Me- 
dulli'na; from medul'la, “marrow.”] 
A term applied to the pith of plants, par- 
321 ticularly that of the Helianthus, or sun- 
flower. 
Me-dul-li'tis, VI is A [From medul'la, 
“marrow.”] The same as Myelitis. 
Med-ul-lo'sus.® [From medul'la, 
“ marrow.”] Resembling marrow, or 
full of marrow, or pith. 
Me-du'sa.* [From Mihorna, the name 
of a fabulous monster.] A genus of ma- 
rine animals belonging to the class Mca- 
lephse, having a body like amass of jelly, 
which is phosphorescent at night. It 
excites irritation, and often inflamma- 
tion, in any part of the human body with 
which it may come in contact. 
Meer'scliaum. (German pronun- 
ciation, man'showm.) “ Sea-Foam,” or 
“Sea-Froth.” A silicate of magnesia; a 
greasy, soapy substance, found in Asia 
Minor, also in Cornwall and other places 
in Europe. When first dug up it is soft, 
has a greasy feel, and lathers like soap; 
and on this account it is used by the 
Tartars in washing their linen.—(Dana.) 
Tobacco-pipes are made of it in Turkey 
and Germany. 
Meg-a-yepli'a-lus.® [From giya;, 
“great,” and KepaXh, the “head.”] Ap- 
plied to plants that have flowers united 
into large heads. Also applied to ani- 
mals remarkable for their large heads. 
Meg-a-lan'thus.® [From geya;, or 
geyaXo;, “great,” and ai/Oo;, a “flower.”] 
Having large or ample flowers. 
Meg-a-lo-car'pns.* [From gey a;, or 
gey aXog, “great,” and mpmo;, “fruit.”] 
Hiving large fruit: megalocar'pous. 
Meg-a-lo-sau'rus.® [From gey as, or 
gsyiXo;, “great,” and irtivpo;, a “lizard.”] 
The name applied by Dr. Buckland to 
an extinct genus of gigantic Saurians, 
found by him in oolitic slate near Oxford. 
Some of them measure from forty to fifty 
feet in length. They partake of the 
structure of the crocodile and monitor. 
Meg-a-Io-sper'mus.® [From glyas, 
or geyaXog, “great,” and axipga, a “seed.”] 
Having large seeds. 
Meg-9-lo-sple'ni-a.* [From giyas, 
or gsyiXos, “great,” and tnrXiiv, the 
“spleen.”] Enlargement, or tumefac- 
tion, of the spleen. 
Megalotlierium. See Megatherium. 
Megan thus. See Megalantiius. 
M eg-a - til e' r i - uni[From giya$, 
“great,” and Bright/, a “beast.”] The 
name given by Cuvier to a genus of 
extinct edentate quadrupeds, including 
one of the most remarkable of terrestrial 
mammalia. It is the type of the Mega- 
theridte, or Megatherioids of Owen, 
MED 
Me'grim. [Lat. Mij;r:r'na: Fr. Mi* 
graine, or mAgR&n'.] A kind 
of headache, affecting one side near the 
eye or temple. See Hemicrania. 
Mei-foo'mi-an (»lands. Small 
glands between the conjunctiva and tarsal 
cartilages, discovered by Meibomius. 
Mel-o-ste'mo-nous. [From gciov, 
“less,” and arriguc, a “ stamen.”] Hav- 
ing fewer stamens than pistils. 
Mel,® gen. Mel'lis. [Gr. gc\t.~\ The 
Pharmacopoeial narae|| of the saccharino 
secretion of the A'pis mellifica, obtained 
from flowers: honey. 
Mel A-e're-um,* Mel 
(“Aerial Honey,” “Honey-Dew.”) Two 
names for the substance otherwise called 
Aeromeli (“Air Honey”), or manna. See 
Honey-Dew. 
Mel Rep-ii-ra'tuin,® or Mel Des- 
pu-ma'tuin.* Clarified honey. 
Mel Ko'sav*' (“Honey of Rose,” or 
“Rose Honey.”) A preparation made 
with honey and rose-leaves. It is as- 
tringent and detergent. 
Me-lse'na.® [From giXas, piXavoq, 
“black.”] (Fr. Helena, mAlAnS/, or 
Helene, mi'len' or mi'lin'.) A vomit- 
ing of a concrete, blackish blood, mixed 
with acid, or phlegm; the black vomit. 
A form of meleena (called by Good Me* 
Isena choice'a, “ Bilious Mclrnna”) in which 
the skin is of a very dark color, has re- 
ceived the name of Mclasicterus, or black 
jaundice. 
Mel a*'n a <lio-ln*'a.::' A name for 
Icterus niger {Melanie' terux), or black 
jaundice. See Melasna. 
Mc-lien'I-cus.® Belonging to meleena. 
Mel-a-leii'ea.* [From giXas, “ black,” 
and XevKos, “ white.”J A Linnaean genus 
of the class Polyadelphia, natural order 
Myrtacex. 
Melaleu'ca Caj-u-pu'ti,® or Mcla- 
leu'ca G‘ii-<‘iwleii'(lroii.Si The plant 
(U.S. Ph.) from which cajeput oil is ob- 
tained. 
Melaleu'ca Mi'nor.® Another name 
for the Melaleuca Cajeputi. 
Mel-ain-fio'di-uin.® [From Melam'- 
pus, who first used it.] Another name 
for the IIelleborus Niger, w hich see. 
Mel-a-iiie'itsi-a.s [FromgiXas,giXSeo;, 
“black,” and agio., “blood.”] A suffo- 
cative state, by which all the blood in the 
body appears very dark or black. Also 
applied to a condition, usually resulting 
from chronic disease, in which the blood 
contains a black pigment matter floating 
in it., 
Me-lan-an-tlie'rus.® [From uiXa;, 
MEL 
322 MEL 
MEL 
“ black,” and dvdppds, an “anther.”] 
Having black anthers. 
Mel-au-elioi ic. [Melaneliol'i- 
cus.] Belonging to melancholy. 
Mel'an-ehol-y. [Melaneho'lia; 
from peXas, peXavos, “ black,” and . yoArj, 
“bile;” because supposed by the ancients 
to proceed from black bile.] A disease 
characterized by gloomy thoughtfulness, 
ill-grounded fears, and general depres- 
sion of mind. A genus of the order 
Vesanise, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. See Atrabilis. 
M£lan€. See Melanic. 
Mel-a-nojpli-I-dra'sis.-* [From peXas, 
plXdvo;, “ black,” and ephidro'sis, “ mor- 
bid perspiration.”] Black ephidrosis, or 
the Sudor Anglicus niger, or black Eng- 
lish sweating fever. 
Me-lan'ic. (Fr. Jfelane, mAlArA'.) 
Pertaining to melanoma or melanosis. 
Mel-a-mis'iistas.* [From peXas, 
“black.”] Black jaundice. See Mel- 
asicterus, and Mel,exa. 
sit is A 
[From peXas, “black,” and carcino'ma, 
“cancer.”] Black cancer. The same 
as Melanoma, which see. 
Mel-a- no-ear'pus.* [From peXas, 
peXavos, “ black,” and xapnos, “ fruit.”] 
Having black fruit. 
Mel-a-it«“-«ie'*sta. atie* [From peXas, 
peXavos, “black,” and oede'ma, a “swell- 
ing.”] Black oedema, or melanosis, of 
the lungs. 
Mel-a-no'ma, ate's.* [From peXavdm, 
to “ grow black.”] (Fr. JDcgencrescence 
Noir, d&'zhAn&'res'soNSs' nwdn.) A dis- 
ease in which there are dark soot-colored 
tubercles under the integuments and in 
the viscera: black cancer. 
Mel-a-iBopSs-tEial'iKJis.* [From 
peXas, “black,” and d'-pOaXpos, the “eye.”] 
Mela.noma of the eye. 
Mel-a-no-i>2iy'iisa, ntis* [From 
piXas, “ black,” and <j>vpa, a “ tuber.”] A 
term applied to the Seca'le cornu'turn. 
Mel-a-nop'i-per, cris.'* [From 
peXas, “ black,” and sre-ept, “ pepper.”] 
The Piper nigrum, or black pepper. 
Mel-a-mor-rlfoa'gi-a.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and (hywpi, to “break forth.”] 
The same as Melacna, which see. 
Mel-a-no-scir'rfcus.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and oKippos, a “tumor.”] The 
same as Melanoma, which see. 
Mel-a-no'sis.* [From peXas, “black.”] 
The progress of melanoma. 
Mel-a-no-sper'mws.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and erreppa, “seed.”] Having 
black seed or fruit. 
Mel-a-nos'to-imis.* The same as 
Melastomus, which see. 
idis* 
[From peXas, “ black,” syph'ilis, and Amy, 
a “ scale.”] A term for a black syphilitic 
scaly eruption. 
Mel-a-no-ttian'a-tos,* or Mel-a- 
no-thana-tus.* [From peXas, “ black/’ 
and Oavaros, “ death.”] An epidemic dis- 
ease of the middle ages. See Black 
Death. 
Mel-a-not'ic. [Melanot'icus.] 
Belonging to melanosis. 
Melanonrin. See Melanurin. 
Melantltaceav* mel-an-tha'she-e. 
[From Melon'thium, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of endogenous plants, 
found in nearly all parts of the world. 
Few orders of plants are more univer- 
sally poisonous than this, whose quali- 
ties are indicated by Colchicum and 
Veratrum, (White Hellebore). 
Mel-an-the'rns.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and avdripds, an “anther.”] 
Having black, or blackish, anthers. 
Mel-si-im'rin. [Mclamiri'na; from 
peXag, “black,” and ovpov, the “urine.”] 
A new substance, in the form of a black 
pigment, found sometimes in urine. 
Mel-a-sic'ter-us.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and t/erepos, the “jaundice.”] 
Black jaundice. See Melina. 
Jle-las'ma.'5 [From peXas, “black.”] 
A black ecchymosis, occurring chiefly in 
old people. 
Melastomaeese,* me-las-to-ma’- 
she-e, or Me-las'to-inae.* [From Me- 
las'toma, one of the genera.] A large 
natural order of exogenous plants, na- 
tives of the tropical and temperate parts 
of America. It includes some species 
whose fruit is eatable. 
Me-las'to-mse.* The Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
M E L A STO M A CE M. 
Me-las'to-mus.* [From peXas, 
“black,” and ardpa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
ing a black mouth. 
MClfisia, or Melfine. See Melaina. 
Melfeze, mAlez' or mAl&z'. The 
French name for “larch.” See Pintjs 
Larix. 
Me'li.* [Gr. ptXi, “honey.”] See Mel. 
Meliaeeae,* me-le-a'she-e. [From 
Me'Ha, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, na- 
tives of tropical Asia and America. 
Bitter astringent and tonic qualities be- 
long to the species of this order. Some 
of them are purgatives and emetics. 
Me'II -ay*' the plural of Melia, form- 
323 MEL 
MEM 
ing the Jussieuan name of a natural or- 
der of plants. See Meliaceac. 
Mel-i-ije'ra,* Me!-I- 
idis.* [From urAi, “honey,” 
and Kripeg, “wax.”] An encysted tumor, 
the contents of which aro of the consis- 
tence and appearance of honey. 
Mel-i-ce'roics. [Melice’rnES.] Be- 
longing to melicera. 
Mel-I-pDnyl'Ecciti.* [From 
“honey,” and <j.v\\or, a “leaf.”] A 
name for the Metis'sa ojfficina'lis. 
Me-lis'sa.* [Gr. pdaoaa, a “bee.”] 
A. Linnsean genus of plants of the class 
Dtdynamia, natural order Labiatse. Also, 
the Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. and U.S. 
Ph.) for Mclissaofficinalis; (Dub. Ph.) the 
Melissee officinalis folia, or balm-leaves. 
Melis'sa Cit'ri-ma.* A name for 
Melissa officinalis. 
Melis'sa ©f-fi§-I-ma'lis.* The herb 
balm. 
Mel-i-4se'i5ii-a,*orMe!-a-tltfe'mi-a.* 
[From “ honey,” and alpa, “ blood.”] 
The presence of sugar in the blood. 
[Etymology uncer- 
tain.] (Fr. Melitagre, lmYle'tilgit'.) A 
name for Impetigo. Also, pain of the 
limbs, arthritic or rheumatic (?) 
Mel-i-tu'rl-a.® [F rom \iz\i, “honey,” 
and avj.oj, the “urine.”] The same as 
Diabetes Mellitus. See Diabetes. 
Mel-la'go,* gen. 
[From mel, “honey.”] Any medicine 
having the consistence of honey. 
Mel-liff'er-oiss. [Mellif'erus; from 
mel, “ honey,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Producing honey. 
Mel-1 if K-cus.* [From mel, “honey,” 
and fa'cio, to “make.”] Making honey; 
mellif'ic. In the feminine singular it 
forms the specific name of the common 
honey-bee (A'pis mellif'ica). 
Mel-li'tum,* plural Mel-Ii'ta. [From 
melli’tu8.\ A preparation of honey.- 
Mel-11'tus.* [From mel, “honey.”] 
Mixed with honey: mcllitous. 
Mel'lou. A new radical substance 
obtained from the precipitate formed by 
the action of chlorine on a solution of 
sulpho-cyanide of potassium. 
Mel'o-e.* [From pvAai, an “apple- 
tree.”] A genus of coleopterous insects. 
Meloe Vesicatorius. See Cantha- 
ris ; see also note on page 6S0. 
Me-lon'cus.* [From p?\\ov, an 
“apple,” also, the “cheek,” and oyicos, a 
“tumor.”] A tumor of the cheek. 
Mel-o-trid'y-snus.* [From og, a 
“limb,” and Tpii"/tos, “threefold.”] A 
monster-foetus with threefold limbs. 
Mem'bra,'* gen. Mein-bro'riiiii. 
The plural of Mkmbrum, which see. 
Mcm-bra'iia,® plural Mem-bra'me. 
The Latin term lor Membrane, which see. 
Menibrana Conjunctiva. See 
Conjunctiva. 
Mcmbra'na Cor-tl-ca'lis.® (“ Cor- 
tical Membrane.”) The external trans- 
parent coat of the ovum of mammalia 
before the formation of the embryo. 
Menibrana BecMna. See Tunica 
Decidua Uteri. 
Mcmbra'na Jten-ta'ta.* (“ Den- 
tate, or Serrated, Membrane.”) A prove.-s 
between the tunica araclnioidea and the 
pia mater. It sends off a number of 
slender tooth-like processes, from which 
it derives its name. 
Mcmbra'na 
(The “Germinal Membrane.”) A term 
sometimes applied to the earliest develop- 
ment of the germ in fishes and the Am- 
phibia. 
Mem-bra'na Ja-eo'bi,* or Tn'nl- 
ca Jaco'bi.* (“Jacob’s Membrane, or 
Tunic.”) [Named from Dr. Jacob, of 
Dublin, its describer.] An extremely deli- 
cate serous membrane interposed between 
the retina and the choroid coat. 
Mcmbra'na Bfic'il-tans.* (“Nic- 
titating Membrane.”) A thin membrane 
forming a kind of third eyelid, found in 
certain birds, at the inner corner of the 
eye. It can be extended over the eye so 
as to protect it without obstructing the 
vision. 
Menibrana Ilnyscliiana. See 
Ruyschiana Membrana. 
Menibrana Sclmciilcriana. See 
Schneiderian Membrane. 
Mcmbra'na Sc-i’Ot'I-na.* (The 
“Late, or Later, Membrane.”) [See Se- 
rotinus.] That portion of the Mem- 
brana decidua refiexa, which is formed 
later than the rest. 
Mein-bra-na'eeous. [Mcinbrana'- 
ceus: from membra'na, a “membrane.”] 
Of the nature of membrane. 
Mem-bra'nav* gen. Mcin-bra-na'- 
rutn, the plural of Menibra na. See 
Membrane. 
Mom'brano. [Mcmbra'na.] A 
skin-like tissue composed of interwoven 
fibres, used to cover some part of the 
body, and sometimes forming a secreting 
surface. The simp’e membranes are di- 
vided into three kinds, mucous, so ous, and 
fibrous. 1. Mucous membranes investing 
or lining cavities and canals which com- 
municate with the external air; as the 
mouth, the nose, etc. 2. Serous mem- 
324 MEM 
MEN 
brancs lining cavities which have no 
external communication, such as the 
cavity of the pleura and the cavity 
containing the intestines. They have a 
smooth, glossy surface, from which ex- 
udes a transparent serous fluid that gives 
to them their name. When this fluid is 
secreted in excess, dropsy of those parts 
is the result. 3. Fibrous membranes of va- 
rious forms constitute capsules, sheaths, 
aponeuroses, etc. 
Mem-bran-I-fo'lI-us.* [From mem- 
bra'na, a “membrane,” and /o'Hum, a 
“leaf.”] Having foliaceous membra- 
nous expansions. 
Meiii-brsui'i-forni. [Membrani- 
for'mis; from membra'na, a “mem- 
brane.”] Formed like membrane. 
Mem-bran-o-i'cles.* [From mem- 
bra'na, a “ membrane,” and ttto;, a 
“form.”] Resembling membrane. 
Mein-bra-«ot'o-£y. [Meinbrano- 
lo'gia; from membra'na, a “ membrane,” 
and Xoyo;, a “discourse.”] The science 
of the membranes, their nature, quality, 
and use. 
Mena'bra-nous. [Jlembraim'- 
eiis; from membra'na, a “membrane.”] 
Composed of membrane; resembling 
membrane. 
Mem-bran'u-la,* or Mem-bran'n- 
lum.' [Diminutive of membra'na, a 
“membrane.”] A little membrane: a 
mem'branulc. 
Mosnbre. See Membrum. 
Mem'brum,® plural Mesn'bra. (Fr. 
Membre, moMlm.J A member, cr limb. 
Mem'brum Vl-ri'lo.® The male 
organ of generation. Sec Penis. 
Memory, iboss of. See Amnesia. 
Mo-Jiin'&e-al. [Menim'sens; from 
p7).uyj, a “membrane.”] (Fr. Meninejc, 
mi'naN«'zhi'.) Belonging to the mem- 
branes of the brain. 
Me-nin'ges,* the plural of Meninx, 
which see. 
Mc-nin-gi-i'tis, idis* [From menin'- 
ejion.] Inflammation of the meninrjium. 
Me-nin'jfl-on,® or Me-nm's?»-um.* 
[Diminutive of pi)myl, a “ membrane.”] 
The arachnoid membrane. 
Mcn-isi-gi'tis, id/s.® [From plriyt, 
a “membrane.”] Inflammation of the 
membranes of the brain. 
Men-an-go'sis.* [From p~my\, a 
“membrane.”] A variety of Syndesmo- 
sis, consisting in the union of osseous 
pieces by membrane, as in the cranial 
bones of the foetus. 
Men-in-jgu'rl-a.® [From /umyf, a 
* membrane,” and ovpo-j, the “urine.” 
The passing of urine containing mem- 
branous shreds. 
Me'niitx,* pluralMe-itin'jires. [hror.' 
/uji/iyf, a “ membrane.”] A membrane 
of the brain. Used by Chaussier specially 
for the dura mater. 
Me-jsis'eoid. pieniscoi'des, ox 
Measascoi'deus ; from /oj»h<7ko4-, a “cres- 
cent,” and cltos, a “form,” or “resem- 
blance.”] Resembling a crescent; also, 
shaped like a concavo-convex lens. 
Me-nis'ciss.* [Gr. pncicso$, a “cres- 
cent.”] Applied to a crescent-shaped 
cartilage between the joints: also, to a 
lens convex on one side and concave on 
the other. 
Menispermacese,* men-is-per-ma'- 
she-e, or Mea-t-sper me-®.* A natu- 
ral order of exogenous shrubs, found in 
tropical Asia and America. It includes 
Menisper'mum, and Cocculus Indieus. 
Active narcotic and bitter qualities pre- 
vail among the species of this order, the 
former in excess rendering them poison- 
ous, the latter causing them to be valu- 
able tonics. 
Jl en-i-sper- ntii'ceoits. [Jfnii- 
sperma'cens.] Resembling the Meni- 
spermum. Applied to an order of plants. 
See Menispermace-e. 
Men -I-sper 'mate. [Menisper'- 
mas, a'tfs.] A combination of meni- 
spermic acid with a base. 
Men-I-sper'ine-se.* [The feminine 
plural of Menisper'meus. The same as 
Menispermaceus.] The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Mi:ni- 
SPERMACEvE. 
Men-I-sper'mic. [Menisper'mi- 
ens.] Belonging to the Menispermum 
cocculus. Applied to an acid. 
Mcn-i-sper'imiin.1 [From prjvri, the 
“moon,” and mreppui, a “seed;” so named 
because the seeds of some of the species 
are shaped like a half-moon.] “Moon- 
Seed.” A Linnman genus of the class 
Dicecia, natural order Menispermacete. 
Meiiisper'mnin Coc'cu-lns.* The 
moon-seed plant, the berries of which 
are called Cocculus Indieus. 
Menisper'mum Piibina'tnm.* 
The Cocculus pnlmatus. 
Mon-o-braneh'I-se, a 'rum.* [From 
perm, to “remain,” and ftpayxia, the “gills 
of a fish.”] The abiding or permanent 
respiratory apparatus of amphibious ani- 
mals. See Menopomatia. 
Men-o-lip'sis.iS [From prices, the 
“menses,” and \eiipis, a “failing.”] A 
term for the failing, cessation, or reten- 
tion of the catamenia. 
325 MEN 
MEN 
Mon-o-pau'sis.® [From pijve;, the 
“menses,” and navas, a “cessation.”] 
A cessation of the menses. 
Men-o-pla'nl-a.® [From piives, the 
“ menses,” and irXarri, a “ deviation.”] A 
discharge of blood, at the catamenial 
period, from some other part of the body 
than the womb; an aberration of the 
menstrual flow. 
Menopomatia,® men-o-po-ma'she-a. 
[From fxlrcjj, to “ remain,” and mopimov, a 
“lid.”] The operculum, or lid of the 
respiratory apparatus of amphibious ani- 
mals. 
Men-or-rha'gi-a.® [From pi)res, the 
“ inense3,” and phyvopt, to “ burst forth.”] 
Immoderate flowing of the catamenia, or 
menses, or of blood from the uterus; 
men'orrhagy. A genus of the order 
Hsemorrhagise, class Pyrexiee, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Menorrha'gia Al'ba.® (“ White 
Menorrhagy.”) The same as Leucor- 
rhcea, which see. 
Menorrlia'gia I.o-ehi-a'Iis.® An 
excessive flow of the lochia. 
Men-or-rha£'ic. [Menorrhag'i- 
cus; from menorrha'gia.] Belonging to 
menorrhagia. 
Men-os-ta'sl-a,® or Me-nos'ta-sis.® 
[From pUvss, the “ menses,” and araaig, a 
“ standing.”] Suppression of the cata- 
menia. 
Men-ox-e'ni-a.® [From pure;, the 
“menses,” and (wo;, “strange.”] Irre- 
gular menstruation. 
Mens,® gen. Men'tis. [From pivog, 
“courage,” “strength,” or “power.”] 
The Latin term for Mind, which see. 
Men'ses,® gen. Mensium, men'- 
she-um. [The plural of men'sis, a 
“month.”] (Fr. Limes, liin.) The peri- 
odical monthly discharge from the uterus; 
the catame'nia. 
Menses, Immoderate Flow of. 
See Menorrhagia. 
Menses, Obstruction of. See Ame- 
NORRHCEA. 
Menses, Retention of. See Chlo- 
rosis, E.vansio Mensium, Menolipsis. 
Menses, Suppression of. Seo 
Amenorrhcea, Menostasia. 
Mensium,® men'shc-um, the genitive 
of Menses, which see. 
Men'stru-a,® the plural of Men- 
struum, which see. 
Men'stru-al. [Menstrua'Iis; from 
men'ses.] (Fr. Menstruel, moN°'stRu'el'.) 
Belonging to the catamenia. 
Men-Stru-a'tion. [Mens! runt io. 
o'nis; fropj the same.] The monthly 
periods of the discharge of a red fluid 
from the uterus; the function of men- 
struating. 
Menstruation, Itifiicult. See 
Dysmenorrhcea. 
Menstruel. See Menstrual. 
Men'stru-uin.'* [Said to be derived 
from men'sis, a “ month,” because for- 
merly the menstruum was continued in 
action for a month.] A liquid used to 
dissolve, or extract the virtues of, ingre- 
dients by infusion, decoction, etc.; a 
solvent. The plural (menstrua) is used 
for the Menses. 
Men-su-ra'tion. [Mensnra'tio, 
o'nis ; from mcnsu'ro, mensura'turn, to 
“ measure.”] The act or process of 
measuring the thorax, abdomen, etc. 
Men'ta.® A name for the Membrum 
virile ; also called Mentula. 
Men'ta-gra.® [From men'tum, the 
“chin,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] A 
herpetic eruption about the chin, form- 
ing a tenacious crust like that on a scald 
head; the same as Sycosis. 
Men tal. [Menta'lis; from mens, 
men'tie, the “ mind.”] Pertaining to 
the mind. 
Men tal. [Menta'lis; from men'*. 
turn, the “ chin.”] An anatomical term, 
signifying belonging to the chin. 
Men'tha.* [From Min'the, a daugh- 
ter of Cocytus, fabled to have been 
changed into the herb.] A Linnman 
genus of the class Didynamia, natural 
order Labiates. 
Men'tha Rip-e-ri'ta.® (Fr. Mentlie 
poivree, moNt pwiVvRS/.) Peppermint. 
The Pharmacopceial name for the pep- 
permint herb. 
Men'tha E»u-Ie'g;i-iim.* (Fr. Pou- 
liot, poo'le-o'.) The plant pennyroyal; 
used as carminative, cinmenagogue, and 
stomachic. 
Men'tha Ssj-ti'va.* Men'tha Spb 
ca'ta,® Men'tlta Vir'i-«lis,'® Men'tha 
Vul-sja'ris.® (Fr. Mentlie verte, most 
or Menthe sauvage, moNt so'v&zh'.) 
Various names for spearmint. Mentha 
viridis is adopted in the Pharmacopoeias. 
Menthe. See Mentha. 
Men-ti'go, g'inis.% [From men'tum, 
the “chin.”] The same as Mentagra. 
Men'tu-la.® [Diminutive of men'ta.] 
The membrum virile, or penis; the same 
as Menta. Formerly applied to the 
clitoris. 
Men'turn.* The chin. Applied to 
the lower and solid part of the proper 
labium. 
Me-ny-an'thes.® [From pnrixn, to 
326 MEN 
MER 
“reveal,” to “show,” and ai>6oa “flow- 
er;” because its flowers reveal the marshy 
or swampy character of the ground on 
which they grow.—(Wittstein.)] A Lin- 
nman genus of the class Pentandria, 
natural order Gentianacese. Also, the 
Pharmacopoeial name for the leaves of 
Menyau'thes trifolia'ta ; the Menyan'this 
trifolia'tse fo'lia (of the Dub. Ph.). 
Menyan'thes Tri-lo-li-a' ta.® The 
trefoil, bog-bean, or buck-bean. 
Me-ny-an'thin. [Menyantlii'na.] 
A starch-like substance obtained from 
the Menyanthes trifoliata. 
Me-phit'ic. [Mephit'icus; from 
mephi'tis, a “ stench.”] Having a foul, 
heavy, poisonous smell or vapor. 
Me-plii'tis.® (Latin word for a foul 
or sulphurous smell.) A foul, noxious, 
or poisonous exhalation. 
Mer-eap'tan.* [From Mercu'rius, 
“ Mercury,” and cap'to, to “ seize,” or 
“ seize upon.”] A liquid of an ethereal 
character, named from its energetic 
action on peroxide of mercury. It is 
alcohol in which the oxygen is replaced 
by sulphur. 
Memire, meit'kiin'. The French 
term for Mercury, which sec. 
Mer-cu'rl-al. [Mercuria'lis; from 
Mercu'rius, “Mercury.”] Consisting of 
or belonging to mercury, or quicksilver; 
also, sprightly, spirited. 
Mercurial Balsam. A term for 
Citrine Ointment, which sec. 
Mercurial Ointment. See Un- 
guentum Hydrargyri. 
Mercu rial Tre mor. A disorder 
affecting those employed in trades or 
occupations which expose them to mer- 
curial vapors, consisting in convulsive 
agitation of the voluntary muscles when 
in exercise. Popularly, the Trembles. 
Mer-cu'ri-cus.® [From Mercu'rius, 
“ Mercury.”] Belonging to mercury. 
Mer-cn'ri-ns.® (The heathen god 
“Mercury.” The name of a planet.) 
Applied in Chemistry to the metal quick- 
silver. See Hydrargyrum, and Mer- 
cury. 
Mercu'riusCor-ro-si'vus.® (“Cor- 
rosive Mercury.”) A name for corro- 
sive sublimate. See Hydrargyri 
Chloridum Corrosivum. 
Mercu'rius Corrosi'vus Rn'ber.® 
(“ Red Corrosive Mercury.”) See Hy- 
drargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
Mercu'rius Dtil'cis Sub-ll-ma'- 
tus.® (“Sublimated Sweet Mercury.”) 
A name for calomel. See Hydrargyri 
Chloridum Mite. 
Mercu'rins Praveip-i-ta'tus Al'- 
l>us. (“ White Precipitated Mercury.”) 
A name for calomel. 
Mercu'rins Priccipita'Ins Ku - 
ber.® (“ Red Precipitated Mercury.”) 
See Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
Mer'cu-ry. [From Mercu'rius, the 
Latin name of the god Hermes; ap- 
plied to quicksilver on account of its 
mobility and volatility; Fr. Mercure, 
meR'kiilt'.] Hydrargyrum. A metal 
which is always fluid above a tempera- 
ture of about 40° below zero. Its spe- 
cific gravity is 13.5. It is the only 
metal which is liquid at common tem- 
peratures. It boils at 660° of Fahren- 
heit, and its vapor condenses on cool 
surfaces in minute brilliant globules. 
For the compounds of mercury, see Hy- 
drargyrum, Hydrargyri, etc. 
Jlcr l-cai'p. [Mcricar'iiiuni; from 
yspis, a “portion,” and Kap-nof, “fruit.”] 
Half a crcmocarp; applied to each of the 
two portions of fruit of the Umbelliferte. 
[From pcfios, a 
“part,” and dial'ysis, a “dissolving.”] 
A partial or incomplete solution of a 
substance. 
Jle-rid'l-an. [Meritlia'iiuin; from 
me'dius, “middle,” and di'es, a “day;” 
the d being changed to r for the sake of 
euphony. See Meridies.] Literally, 
“belonging to mid-day, or noon.” In 
Astronomy, a great circle of the sphere, 
passing through the earth’s axis and the 
zenith of the spectator. In Geography, 
a meridian is a great circle (or rather 
ellipse) passing through the poles of the 
earth, and crossing the equator at right 
angles. A particular meridian (some- 
times one and sometimes another, accord- 
ing to the usage of different nations) is 
fixed upon, from which to reckon longi- 
tude. 
Me-rid'l-es.® [See Meridian.] A 
Latin word signifying “mid-day,” or 
“noon;” also, the “south.” 
Me-rid'I-o-nal. [MerMioua'lis; 
from merid'ies, “noon,” the “south.”] 
That which is situated on a line to the 
south in respect to the place spoken of; 
southern. 
Mer-I-dro'sis.* [From pepi?, a “ por- 
tion,” and Idpis, “ sweat.”] Perspiration 
occurring in a particular part. 
Jler-is-mat'ic. [From pcpls, a 
“part.”] In Botany, signifies dividing 
into parts.—(Gray.) 
Mer'I-tlsall. [Merithal'Ius; from 
pepis, a “ part,” and OaWk, a “ branch.”] 
A name for an internode of plants. 
327 MER 
ME 8 
Mfr'o^ele.5 [From pnpos, the 
“thigh,” and /fijX)?, a “tumor.”] Femo- 
ral hernia. 
M6r-o-$el'i-cus.* Belonging to 
merocele. 
Me-ra'pi-a.® [From pipos, a “part,” 
and &\j, “ vision.”] Partial dulness or 
obscuration of sight. 
Me-rop'i-cus.* Belonging to mero- 
pia. 
Me'rns.* Pure; unmixed. Applied 
to wine. 
Mcsembryacese,* . me-sem-bre-a'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous, 
succulent plants, mostly found at the 
Cape of Good Hope. It includes the 
Mesembryan'themum (“ Ice-Plant”). 
Me-seii-$e-phal/ic. [Mesenee- 
pbal'icus; from perns, the “middle,” 
and iyicbpdXof, the “ brain.”] Situated 
over the middle portion of the contents 
of the head. 
[From the 
same.] The middle or centre of the 
brain. 
Mesentftre. See Mesentery. 
Mes-en-ter-em-p3irax'is.* [From 
peaerripioc, the “ mesentery,” and tpppa'ps, 
a “ stoppage.”] Obstruction of the 
mesentery. 
Mes-en-t£r'ic. [Mosentcr'ieus.] 
Belonging to the mesentery. 
Mes-en-te-rit'I-eus.* Belonging to 
mesenteritis. 
Me-sen-te-ri'tis, idis,* or Me-sen- 
te-ri-i'tis, idis.* [From mesente'rium, 
the “ mesentery.”] Inflammation of the 
mesentery. 
Me-sen-te-ropli'41iI-s5s.* [From 
psasuTiptov, the “ mesentery,” and (j/Kcn;, a 
“ wasting.”] Ta'bes mesenter'ica, or a 
wasting of the mesenteric glands. 
Mes'en-tJr-y. [Mesente'rium; 
from piaos, the “middle,” and cvrepov, the 
“ intestine.”] (Fr. Mesentere, m&'zoN®'- 
teR'.) The largest process of the peri- 
toneum, to which the jejunum and ileum 
intestines are attached. 
Mes'I-al. [From pirns, the “ middle.”] 
Synonymous with Median. 
Mes'ial Iiine, otherwise called Me'- 
(li-an I>ine. An imaginary line di- 
viding the body perpendicularly into 
two symmetrical portions. See Median. 
Mes'mer-ism. A theory or system 
invented or revived by F. A. Mesmer, 
about the year 1776, referring all phe- 
nomena of life to a magnetic fluid uni- 
versally diffused; which fluid is influ- 
enced, it is alleged, by external agents, 
especially by certain individuals pecu- 
liarly, or pre-eminently, endowed with 
magnetic power. 
Me&'mer-o-Phre-nol'o-g'y. The 
application of Mesmerism to Phrenology. 
It is alleged by the believers in Animal 
Magnetism, that, if mesmeric manipula- 
tions be directed to any phrenological 
organ, the particular faculty, or propen- 
sity, proper to that organ, will be called 
into active exercise. 
Mes-o-foran«li'i-us.* [From piaos, 
the “middle,” and (Ipayxia, the “gills.”] 
Applied in the plural neuter (Mesobran' - 
chin) to an order of the Anellatn, com- 
prehending those of which the branchise 
occupy the middle of the body, or extend 
from this point almost to the posterior 
extremity: mesobranchious. 
[From patoj, the 
“middle,” and cas'cum.] A process of 
the peritonmum to which the caecum is 
attached. 
Jles'o-eari). [Mesocar'pum, or 
tlesoear'iiiis; from piaos, the “mid- 
dle,” and /cap-rrds, “fruit.”] The middle 
layer of a fruit or pericarp. 
Mes-o-Qepti'a-lon.* [From piaos, the 
“ middle,” and KapaXrj, the “head.”] See 
Pons Varolii. 
Mes-o-co'lon.* [From piaos, the 
“middle,” and icSXos, the “colon intes- 
tine.”] A process of the peritonaeum to 
which the colon is attached. 
Mes-o-der'mnin.® [From piaos, the 
“ middle,” and iippa, the “ skin.”] The 
11 etc. Malpighi). 
Me-so<l'inc.* [From piao;, the “mid- 
dle,” and iopo;, a “ house.”] The medi- 
astin um. 
Mes-od-mi'tis, idisfi [From me- 
sod'me.] Inflammation of the media- 
stinum. 
Jles-o-Stiis'tric. [Jlcsogas'triens; 
from piaos, the “ middle,” and yam-rip, the 
“ belly.”] Belonging to the middle of 
the stomach, or belly. 
Mes-o-gws'trl-iim.* [From the 
same.] The umbilical region, or middle 
portion of the abdomen. 
Me-sol'o-bus.*' [From piaos, “mid- 
dle,” or “between,” and \oti<%, a “lobe:” 
because situated between the lobes (hemi- 
spheres) of the brain.] The Corjius 
callosum. 
os-e-m e' t rl-um.* [From piao s, 
the “middle,” and pijrpa, the “womb.”] 
A cellular vascular membrane, between 
the body of the uterus and adjacent 
parts. 
tles-o-pSila-'mn.s [From piaos, the 
“middle,” and ipXoios, “bark.”] 'Chat 
328 MEG 
MET 
pertion of the bark of plants which is 
between the epiphlceum, or outer bark, 
and the liber, or inner bark. 
Mcs-o-pEiyl'lima.* [From p~joj, the 
‘•'middle,” and liivXXor, a “leaf.”] The 
parenchyma of a leaf between the skin 
of the two surfaces. 
Me-sopli'y-tiaini.* [From prioq, the 
“middle,” and <j,VTo:>, a “plant.”] The 
vital knot in plants; that is to say, the 
line of demarcation between the ascend- 
ing and descending axis. 
iles-o-rec'turn.* [From pso-oj, the 
“middle,” and rec'tum.] A process of 
the peritonaeum, to which the rectum is 
attached. 
[From mesos'- 
celum, the “ permaeum,” and (O7X7, a 
“ tumor.”] Hernia of the perinasum. 
Me-sos'?e-lo-j>2iy'ma, »</'».* [From 
mesas'celum, the “ perinteum,” and ipvpa, 
a “swelling.”] Perimeal abscess. 
Jlc-sos'te-lumy or 
[From pitfoj, “ middle,” or “ between,” 
and okIXos, the “ leg.”] The perinasum. 
Mes-o-tbo'rax.* [From pacoj, the 
“middle,” and O'pathe “chest.”] 
That part of the chest in insects which 
gives origin to the second pair of legs. 
Me-sot'I-ca.* [From pare;, the 
“middle,” or “between;” referring to 
the substance or matter deposited be- 
tween the portions of the cellular tissue.] 
The name of an order in Dr. Good’s 
Nosology, comprising diseases affecting 
the parenchyma. See Parenchyma. 
Mes'o-t«e-elii'tii$, id is* [From 
mesotoe’chium.] Mediastinal pleuritis, 
or inflammation of the mediastinum. 
Mes-o-tee'-eM-uim.* [From piaoq, 
the “ middle,” and roixog, a “ wall.”] 
The same as Mediastinum. 
Mes-o-tywa'pa-nic. [Mesotym- 
pan'icus; from pfjoj, the “middle,” 
and tympan'icns, “tympanic.”] Applied 
by Owen to the middle subdivision of the 
tympanic pedicle which supports the 
mandible in fishes. 
Me-sox'a-late. [Mesox'alas, a'D’*.] 
A combination of mesoxalic acid with a 
base. 
Mes-ox-al'ic [Mesoxal'i- 
enm Ay'idnm.] A new substance 
formed on heating to the boiling point 
a concentrated solution of alloxanate of 
barytes. 
Me'ta (prrd). A Greek preposition 
signifying “ with,” “ among,” “ between,” 
“after;” sometimes “over,” “beyond.” 
When joined with other words, it often de- 
notes change, and sometimes perversion. 
Me-tab'a-sis.* [From ytrabaivu, to 
“ pass from one place or state to an- 
other.”] A change of disease, or of 
treatment; or from one thing to an- 
other, either in the symptoms of a 
malady, or in the indications for its cure. 
Mc-tab'o-la,* or Me-lal>'o-Ie.* 
[From prrajuXXo), to “change.”] A 
change, or mutation ; a change of place. 
Also, the same as Metabasis. 
Jlct-a-bol'ic. [Metabol'icns; from 
/reraSoXrj, “change.”] Capable of changing, 
or being changed. Applied in Physi- 
ology to phenomena which result from 
chemical changes either in the cell itself, 
or in the surrounding eystoblastema. 
Met-a-car'pal. [iletacarpa'lls.] 
Belonging to the metacarpus. 
Met-a-car'pus.* [From pera, “after,” 
and (caprr<%, the “wrist.”] (Fr. Mila- 
carpe, mAtl'kaitp'.) The group of five 
cylindrical bones situated between the 
carpus and fingers. 
[from peril, denoting 
“change,” and af'etonef] One 
of the products obtained when sugar is 
heated with hydrate of potash. It is 
similar to acetic acid. 
Me-ta-cli'y-sis.* [From pera, “be- 
yond,” and \vaig, an “effusion.”] The 
process of transfusion. 
[From grra, “after,” 
“beyond,” and Kvnai;, “uterine gesta- 
tion.”] Extra-uterine gestation. 
[From pera, im- 
plying “ change,” and ykran;, “ genera- 
tion.”] A term indicating a series of 
changes in organic development accord- 
ing to the law of parthenogenesis. Thus, 
the Acalephe passes through the infuso- 
rial and the polype stages, and propa- 
gates by germination, as well as by 
spontaneous division, before it acquires 
sexual organs. This differs from meta- 
morphosis, in which the individual 
changes its form. 
Met'al. [Metal'liiin; from ptraXXov, 
a “mine,” or “metal.”] A substance 
regarded as simple or elementary, and 
distinguished by a peculiar lustre, result- 
ing from its opacity and reflective power 
in regard to light. The metals are con- 
sidered as electro-positive bodies. 
Me-tal'lic. [Mrtal'lictis; from the 
same.] Relating to metal; consisting 
of metal. 
Met-al-li-za'tioii. [Metalliza'tio, 
o'iris; from the same.] A conversion 
into metal. 
Motal-lo-dyn'i-a.* [From met'al, 
and Mvri, “ pain.”] Pain, or illness, in- 
329 MET 
MET 
duced by working among metals, as the 
lead colic, and mercurialization. 
Met-al-logra-pliy. [Metallog;ra'- 
pliia; trom u&aWov, a “mine,” or “me- 
tal,” and ypailxn, to “write.”] A descrip- 
tion of metals. 
Met'al-loid. [Metalloi'iles; from 
prraWoi-, a “ mine,” or “ metal,” and dons, 
a “form.”] Resembling metal. 
Met'al-lur-gy. [Metallur'gia; 
from piraWor, a “ mine,” or “ metal,” and 
rpyoi, a “work.”] The art of separating 
metals from their ores. 
[Metamer iens; 
from p£Td, implying “change,” and pepo;, 
a “ part.”] Applied to compounds where 
the elements are the same as in other 
combinations, but arranged diiferently. 
Met-a-mor'phi-cus.® Pertaining to 
change. See Developmental. 
Met-a-nior-phop'sl-a.* [From ps- 
Tapof)<pd(o, to “transform,” and dipt;, “vis- 
ion.”] (Fr. lierlue, beR'lii'.) Vision in 
which objects are changed or distorted. 
Met-a-inorplio-sis. [Lat. Meta- 
■mtrplio'sis; Gr. psrapop'bnm;, from pera- 
poppdM, to “transform.”] The change of 
form which insects and some other ani- 
mals undergo in passing from one stage 
of existence to another. The several 
forms which insects assume are called 
larra, pupa or chrysalis, and imago, 
which last is their perfect state. In 
Botany, the transformation of one organ 
into another homologous one. 
Me t-a-phyS' ics. [ Metaphys 'iea, 
or Metapliys'ice; from perd, “ after,” 
and (pmisd, the “science of physics;” be- 
cause the study of mind naturally comes 
after, as it is more difficult than, the 
science of external nature.] The science 
which treats of the nature and laws of 
the mind. “A word employed in popu- 
lar usage to denote all those inquiries 
which are conversant about objects other 
than merely physical and sensible.”— 
(Brande). 
Me-tas'ta-sis,* plural Me-tas'ta-ses. 
[From ptdiarrip:, to “transpose.”] The 
translation, or shifting, of a disease from 
one part of the body to another, or to 
some internal organ. 
Met-a-stat'ic. [Metastat'icus.] 
Belonging to metastasis. 
Met-a-tar'sal. [Metatarsa'lis.] 
Belonging to the metatarsus. 
Met-iy tar'sns.* [From ptrd, “ after,” 
or “below,” and raped;, the “tarsus.”] 
(Fr. Metatarse, m&'tiPtaRs'.) The group 
of five cylindrical bones of the foot, be- 
tween the tarsus and the toes. Applied 
in Ornithology to a single bone ending in 
three pulley-like productions represent- 
ing the tarsus and metatarsus together. 
tlct-ii-llio riix. a'cis.* [From nerd, 
“after,” or “below,” and (L'paJ, the 
“chest.”] The third, or posterior, seg- 
ment of the thorax of insects. 
Met-a-tro'phI-a.* [From perd, im- 
plying “change, or perversion,” and 
TfHxpf], “nourishment.”] Morbid nutrition. 
yiet-a-zo'ic. [Metazo'icus; from 
nerd, “ after,” or “ below,” and tyri, “ life.”] 
Applied to the strata of the more ancient 
rocks which contain the debris of organ- 
ized bodies, so that one is compelled to 
regard them as posterior to the appear- 
ance of vegetables and animals on the 
surface of the globe. 
H<> t(‘-«r. [Meteo'rum; from pc- 
raopoj, “aerial,” “elevated,” “pertaining 
to the sky.”] A body suspended, or in 
motion, in the atmosphere, there becom- 
ing the agent of some phenomenon: also, 
the phenomena which arise in the at- 
mosphere. 
Me-te-or'ie. [Meteor'icus.] Be- 
longing to a meteor, or to the sky. Ap- 
plied to stones which fall from the heavens 
in certain circumstances, and to waters 
which accrue from condensation of the 
vapors suspended in the atmosphere. 
Me'te-or-isin. [Meteoris'mns; 
from peruopifa, to “raise up.”] The se- 
cretion of gas or air in the abdomen. 
Me'te-or-o-Ute. [Meteorol'ites; 
from perewpo;, “on high,” “aerial,” “per- 
taining to the sky,” and Aifioj, a “ stone.”] 
Certain stones which fall from the hea- 
vens after the appearance of meteors; 
an aerolite. 
Mc-te-o-rol'o-jfcy. [Meteorolo'gfia; 
from pirnopo,-, “aerial,” “elevated,” “per- 
taining to the sky,” and Xoyo;, a “dis- 
course.”] The science of meteors, or 
the science which explains the various 
phenomena of the atmosphere, and 
treats of the changes of the weather. 
In its extended signification it comprises 
Climatology, and one division of Physi- 
cal Geography. 
Medha-in 'a-ta.* [From perd, “ after,” 
“ among,” or “ between,” and alpa, 
“ blood.”] A term applied to the inter- 
mediate (or capillary) system of blood- 
vessels. Spe Capillary. 
Medhod'lc Me«i'i-cine. [Medicif- 
11a Metliod'ica.] Medicine as prac- 
tised by the sect called Medici methodici 
(Methodists), by exact rules, in opposi- 
tion to empirical practice. 
Metb-o-gas-tro'sis.* [From pedn, 
330 MET 
MET 
“drunkenness,” and gastro'sis, “disease 
of the stomach.”] Disease of the sto- 
mach, arising from indulgence in stimu- 
lating drinks. 
Meth-o-ma'nI-a.® [From pedp, 
“drunkenness,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
Mania a potu, or insanity resulting from 
drunkenness. 
Meth'j'l. [Mcthy'le.] A term ap- 
plied to a newly discovered radical of 
pyroxylic spirit. 
Metb-jMe'nnin.* [From meth/le.] 
A certain hypothetical base, supposed 
to be the radical base of a series of or- 
ganic compounds. 
Meth'y-sis.* [Gr. pedvcrt;.] Drunk- 
enness, or intoxication. 
Me-tliys'tl-ca.* [From the same.] 
Substances employed for the purposes 
of exhilaration and inebriation. 
Metis, mAt&s'. The French term for 
Hybrid, which see. 
Met-o-pan-tral'gi-a.* [From meto- 
pan'trum, the “frontal sinus,” and aXyoj, 
“pain.”] Pain in the frontal sinuses. 
Met-o-pan-iri'tss, id is:- [From’ 
metopan'trum, the “frontal sinus.”] In- 
flammation in the frontal sinuses. 
Met-o-pan'tron,® or Met-o-pan'- 
trum.® [From psramov, the “ forehead,” 
and iivrpov, a “ cave.”] The frontal sinus. 
Me-to'pon,* or Me-to'pain.* [From 
pcrd, “beyond,”and <io<p, the “face.”] The 
front, or forehead. 
Me'tra.® [Gr. pfjrpa.~] The uterus, or 
womb. 
Me-tras'mi-a.® [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and alpa, “blood.”] Turges- 
cence, or swelling of blood, in the womb. 
Me-trasm-or-rlia'jfl-a.* [From 
pfirpa, the “ womb,” and alpofpayia, an 
“eruption of blood.”] Ilmmorrhage 
from the uterus. 
Me-tral'gi-a.'® [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and aXyoj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the uterus. See Hysterai.gia. 
Mp-trsii's'i-Piis.* Belonging to me- 
trah/ia: metral'gie. 
Met-ra-nse'nil-a.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and ansdmia, “deficiency of 
blood.”] XVant of blood in the uterus. 
Mei-ra-nas'tro-plie.* [From pfirpa, 
the “womb,” and avaarpoffi, an “inver- 
sion.”] Inversion of the uterus. 
Met-ra-tre'sl-a.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and atre'sia, “imperforation.”] 
Imperforation of the uterus. See IIys- 
TER ATRESIA. 
Me-traux'e.® [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and avfy, “increase.”] Hyper- 
trophy of the uterus. 
Metre, mc't’r (French pronunciation 
metR). [From phpov, a “measure.”] A 
French measure, equal to 39.371 (or about 
39J) inches,—in other words, about an 
English yard and one-tenth. 
Met-rec-to'pi-a.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and Hktovos, “out of place.”] 
Displacement, or deviation from the 
normal position, of the womb. 
Met-rec-top'I-cus.* Belonging to 
metrectopia: metrectop'ic. 
Met-rel-co'sis.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and fXws, an “ulcer.”] Ulcer- 
ation of the uterus. 
Met-re-lo'sls.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and aXao,to “roll round.”] The 
same as Metranastrophe, which see. 
Met-rem-phrax'is.* [From pfirpa, 
the “ womb,” and epippanacj, to “ obstruct.”] 
Congestion, or an overloaded condition 
of the blood-vessels and substance, of 
the uterus, or womb. 
Met-reiii-pli.y-se'nin. ntis* [From 
pfirpa, the “ womb,” and ep'j.mripa, a 
“windy swelling.”] See Physometra. 
ltc-tri‘ii'eliy.tes. ; [From pi)rpa, the 
“womb,” and tyxwo, to “pour in.”] An 
instrument, or a syringe, for injecting 
medicated liquors into the uterus. 
Metria. See Puerperal Fever. 
Me-trft'i-cns.* Belonging to metritis. 
Me-tri'tis, id is* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb.”] Inflammation of the womb. 
See Hysteritis, and Uteritis. 
[From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and kiIkp, “vice,” or “evil.”] 
Decay of the uterus, or womb. 
Met'ro-ear'51-no'ma, at/#.# [From 
pfirpa, the “womb,” and xapicivtopa, “can- 
cer.”] Carcinoma, or cancer, of the 
womb. 
Met-ro-clyn'I-a.® [From pfjrpa, the 
“womb,” and dimvrt, “pain.”] Pain in 
the uterus. 
Met-ro-mal-a-co'ma, a tie* [From 
prjrpa, the ‘t womb,” and paXarcoj, “ soft.”] 
Softening of the womb. 
Met-ro-mal-a-eo'sis.® [From the 
same.] The progress or formation of 
metromalacoma. 
Met-ro-nna'm-a.* [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and pavia, “madness.”] The 
same as Nymphomania, which see. 
Me-trom'e-ter. [Metroin'etrum; 
from pfirpa, the “ womb,” and pirpov, a 
“measure.”] The same as IIysterome- 
ter. which see. 
Met-ro-neu'rl-a.# [From pfirpa, the 
“womb,” and vevpav, a “nerve.”] A ner- 
vous affection of the womb. 
Met-ro-j>a-tIli a.® [From pfirpa, the 
331 MET 
MIC 
“womb,” and irafloj, “disease.”] An af- 
fection of the womb. 
Met-ro-p£i*-I-to-mi'tls, idis.* [From 
pur pa, the “ womb,” and peritoni'tis.] In- 
flammation of the uterus and peritonaeum. 
Met-ro-phle-foi'tas, id is* [From 
purpa, the “womb,” and phlebi'tis.] In- 
flammation of the veins of the womb. 
Me-troph'tltl-sis.* [From purpa, the 
“womb,” and ipdiois, “wasting.”] Tabes, 
or wasting, of the uterus. 
Met-ro-ple-tho'ra.* [From purpa, 
the “womb,” and nXudopa, “fulness.”] 
A plethoric or congested state of the 
uterus. 
Met-ro-pol'y-pus.* [From purpa, 
the “ womb,” and pol'ypus.] Polypus of 
the womb. 
Met- B*o-g»y-opti' thl-sis.* [From 
pfirpa, the “womb,” hvoj, “ pus,” and <A0«ns, 
“ consumption.”] Purulent tabes of the 
uterus. 
Met-ror-rhas'I-eus.* Belonging to 
metrorrhagy. 
Met-ror'rlta-gy. [Jletrorrha'gia; 
from purpa, the “ womb,” and pnyrvpi, to 
“break forth.”] Excessive discharge 
(usually haemorrhage) from the womb. 
Met-ror-rhex'is.® [From purpa, the 
“womb,” and (S)£is, a “rupture.”] Rup- 
ture of the uterus. 
Met-ror-rlioe'a.* [From purpa, the 
“womb,” and pea>, to “flow.”] A dis- 
charge from the uterus, as of blood, mu- 
cus, etc. 
Met-ror'rito-ts, idis* [From the 
same.] Ilaemorrhoidal affection of the 
womb. 
Met-ro-seir'rSitss.* [From pfirpa, 
the “womb,” and aKifpo;, a “hard tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus of the uterus. 
Met'ro-scope. [Metrosco'pium; 
from pfirpa, the “womb,” and eKonew, to 
“ examine.”] An instrument for examin- 
ing the uterus. 
Met-ro-sco'pi-a.® [From the same.] 
Investigation of the uterus : metros'eopy. 
Mei-ro-ste-re'sis.* [From pnrpa, the 
“ womb,” and anpuais, “privation.”] Ex- 
tirpation, or removal, of the uterus. 
Met'ro-tonie. [Metrot'omits: from 
purpa, the '‘womb,” and rtpi/a), to “cut.”] 
The same as Hysteratome, which see. 
Met-ro-to'ml-a.* [From the same.] 
Metrot'omy. The same as Hysterotomy. 
Met-ro-tomri-cns.* Of, or belong- 
ing to, metrotomia. 
Met-ry-pir-ses-the’sis.* [From 
purpa, the “ womb,” and hypersssthe'sis, 
“excessive sensibility.”] Too great sen- 
sibility or irritability of the womb. 
Met-ry-per-tro'pltl-a..* [From pnrpa, 
the “ womb,” and hypertro'phia, “ hy- 
pertrophy.”] Hypertrophy of the womb. 
Meurtrissure, mru'treVuR'. The 
French term for Contusion, which see. 
Mez-e-re'um,* or Me-ze're-on.* 
Pharmacopoeial names || of the root-bark 
of Daph'ne mezere'um, or mezerecn. Used 
as a diaphoretic, diuretic, and alterative, 
and sometimes externally as an epi- 
spastic. 
Mi'asm. [Mias'ma, a t.is ; from 
piaivw, to “ pollute,” to “ corrupt.”] Float- 
ing and impalpable morbific effluvia, the 
product of decay or putrefaction of ani- 
mal and vegetable substances. 
Mi-as'ma-ta,® the plural of Miasma. 
See Miasm. 
Mi-as-inat'ic. [Miasniat'iciis.] 
Belonging to miasm. 
Mi'ca.s [From rni'co, to “glister.”] 
A mineral of a laminated and glittering 
appearance. It is one of the constitu- 
ents of granite. 
Mi'ca.® [From piKKOf, Doric for pisp6;, 
“ little.”] A term for a crhmb, or small 
portion broken off’ from any thing. 
Mi-ca'ceoais. [Jlieaceiis; from 
mi'ea.] Belonging to, or resembling, 
mica. 
Micatio (mi-ka'she-o), o'mg.* [From 
mi’eo, mica’turn, to “glitter,” to “flash.”] 
Rapid winking of the eyelids. 
MIc. pan. = Mi’capa’nis:* “Crumb 
of bread.” 
Mie-ran-a-to'mi-a.® [From piKpdg, 
“small,” and anato’mia, “anatomy."] 
Microscopic anatomy. 
Mic-ran-a-tom'I-cus.® Belonging 
to micranatomia. 
Mic-ris-tol'o-Sty. [ Micristolo'fjia; 
from pispdj, “small,” and histolo’yia, 
“histology.”] The science which treats 
of the minutest organic fibres. 
Mic-ro-car'pus.* [From poepof, 
“ small,” and sapms, “ fruit.”] Having 
small fruit. Also applied to mosses that 
have small urns. 
Mic-ro-^eph'a-Ius.* [From pisp6q, 
“small,” and KtipaXu, the “head.”] Hav- 
ing flowers disposed in small heads. 
In Zoology, having a small head. 
Mic-ro-cfte'mt-a.* [From jnvpdj, 
“small,” and ehe'mia, “chemistry.”] 
Minute chemical investigation, respect- 
ing, for example, the constitution of the 
atmosphere, organic, vegetable, and 
animal juices, etc.: microchem'istry. 
Mic-ro-«*f»em'I-cus.':“ Belonging to 
mieroehemia: microchem'ical. 
Mi'cro-coSm. [Mierocos'tmis; 
332 MIC 
MIL 
from uixpo;, “little,” “minute,” and k6o- 
po;, a “ world.”] Literally, a “ little 
world.” A term applied to man, as pre- 
senting in his mind, or organization, an 
epitome or similitude of the great world, 
or Macrocosm. 
Ml-ero-cos'niie. [Microcosm!- 
cus.] Belonging to a microcosm. 
Microcos'mic Salt. A triple skit 
of soda, ammonia, and phosphoric acid, 
obtained from urine: so named because 
found in the human body. 
Ml-cro-cos-mog' ra-phy. [Micro- 
cosmogra'phia; from mi'crocosm, and 
ypdipw, to “ write.”] A description of the 
microcosm, or human body. 
Mi-cro-cos-molo-gy. [Microcos- 
molo'gia; from mi'crocosm, and Adyoj, 
a “ discourse.”] A treatise op the human 
body. 
Mic'ro-don, on '</«.* [From pixpdj, 
“small,” and uSovs, a “tooth.”] Having 
short or small teeth. 
Mic-ro-glos'si-a.* [From /«/cpdf, 
“ small,” and yXoioaa, the “ tongue.”] 
Congenital smallness of the tongue. 
Mic-ro-gr aph' ic. [Microg raph'- 
Icus.] Belonging to micrography. 
Mi-crog'ra-pliy. [Micrograpliia; 
from paepds, “minute,” and ypd$to, to 
“ write.”] An account of microscopic 
investigations. 
Ml-crol'o-gy. [Microlo'gia; from 
ptKpoi, “minute,” and A<5yoj, a “discourse.”] 
The doctrine or science of minute ob- 
jects, as microscopical animals and 
plants. 
Mi-crom'e-ter. [Microm'etrnm; 
from pucpoi, “ minute,” and perpor, a “ mea- 
sure.”] An instrument for ascertaining 
the dimensions of very minute objects 
under the microscope. 
MI-cro-met'ric. Belonging to the 
micrometer. 
Mic-ro-pet'a-lns.* [From piap6s, 
“ small,” and neraXor, a “petal.”] Having 
short or small petals. 
Mic-roph-thal'ml-a.'* [From piapog, 
“little,” and o<l>du\p6s, the “eye.”] A 
morbid shrinking or wasting of the eye- 
balls. 
Ml-cro-pliyl'lons. [Mlcrophyl'- 
1ns; from piaphs, “little,” and <[>vX\ov, a 
“leaf.”] Having small leaves. 
Ml'cro-pyle. [Microp'yla; from 
pocpdf, “little,” and iruAi7, a “gate.”] The 
orifice of a seed. 
Mi'cro-scope. [Microsco pinni; 
from piKpds, “ minute,” and oKoneu, to 
“examine.”] An optical instrument by 
which minute objects, scarcely or not at 
all visible to the naked eye, may be dis- 
tinctly seen. 
Mi-cro-scop ic, MI-cro-scop'ic-al. 
[Microscop'icus; from the same.] Re- 
lating to a microscope; like a microscope ; 
so minute, as can only be seen by means 
of a microscope. 
Mic-ro-sper'mus.® [From 
“minute,” and orreppa, a “seed.”] Hav- 
ing very small seeds or grains. 
Mic-ro-sphyx'I-a.* [From piKp6if 
“little,” and o<pv£is, the “pulse.”] Small- 
ness and. weak ness of pulse. 
Mic-ro-sta'ehjf-us.® [From piap6S, 
“ little,” and ordX"s, an “ear,” or 
“ spike.”] Having flowers disposed in 
small spikes. 
Mic'tion. [Mie'tio, o’nis; from 
min'go, mic'tum, to “pass water.”] The 
act of passing water. 
Mic-tu-ri'tion. [Micturi'tlo, o'nts; 
from mictu'rio, to “desire to make wa- 
ter.”] A constant inclination to pass 
water. 
Midrib. The middle or main rib of 
a leaf. 
Mid'riflf. [Anglo-Saxon, micl, “mid- 
dle,” and hrif, the “ belly.”] The dia- 
phragm. 
Mid wife. (Lat. Obstefrix, ids; 
Fr. Sage Femme, s&zh film in, or Ac- 
coucheuse, H'koo'shuz'.) A woman who 
delivers women with child; a female ob- 
stetrician. 
Miel, me-el'. The French term for 
“honey.” See Mel. 
Migraine, md'giien' or m&'gR&n'. 
The French term for Hemicrania, which 
see. 
Mi-gra'tion. [Migra'iio, o'nis; 
from mi'gro, migra'tum, to “removefrom 
one place to another.”] The passage 
or flight from one country to another. 
Applied particularly to migratory ani- 
mals. 
Mi'gra-to-ry. [MJgrato'rins; from 
the same.] Passing instinctively and 
habitually from one region or latitude to 
another, on account of the change of the 
season, as certain kinds of birds. 
Mil-I-a'ri-a.*' [From mil'ium, “ mil- 
let.”] (Fr. Miliaire, nxl'IAeR'.) Also 
called Febria miliaria. A disease attended 
with eruption of small red pimples; mili- 
ary fever. A genus of the order Exan- 
themata, class Pyrexiie, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
Miliary Fever. See Miliaria. 
Mil'i-to-ry Med'I-cme, Military 
Snr'ge-ry. [Metlici'na Milita'ris.] 
The treatment of the diseases and 
333 MIL 
MIN 
wounds of soldiers; of which some of 
tho former, and most of the latter, are 
peculiar to military life. 
Milium. See Grutum, and Aquula. 
Milk. [Lat. laic, laic'tis; Gr. ydAa, 
yuXaKTOf; Fr. Lait, I A..] A fluid secreted 
by the mammary glands of the female of 
Mammalia. According to Brande, a 
thousand parts of skimmed milk con- 
tain 929 parts of water, 28 parts of curd, 
35 parts of sugar, and 6 parts of lactic 
acid. Cream is composed of about 
45-1000 of butter, 35-1000 of curd, and 
920-1000 of whey. 
Milk-Bearing. See Lactiferous. 
Milk-Blotch. See PorrigoLarvalis. 
Milk, Deficiency of. Sec Agalac- 
tia. 
Milk, Excessive Flow of. See 
Galactirrhcea. 
Milk Fe'ver. [Fe'bris Eac'tea.] 
A fever accompanying or preceding the 
secretion of milk in women soon after 
delivery, 
Milk of Sul phur. [Eac SuF- 
pliuris.] Precipitated sulphur. 
Milk-Pump. See Antlia Lactea. 
Milk-Scab. See Porrigo Larvalis. 
Milk-Sick'ness. An endemic dis- 
ease in theWestern States, including Ohio, 
Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, etc., result- 
ing, it is supposed, from the milk being 
poisoned by something eaten by the cow. 
Milk-Teeth. The first, or temporary, 
teeth. 
Mil'le-ped, or Mil'II-pede. [Mil'- 
lepes, edis ; from tnille, a “thousand,” 
and pes, a “ foot.”] A name applied to 
several insects having a multitude of 
feet. 
Mil'll-gramanc. [From mille, a 
“thousand,” and gramme.'] A French 
weight, the 1000th part of a gramme, 
equal to 0.015 of a grain avoirdupois, or 
one sixty-sixth of a grain troy. 
Millilitre, mil'le-le't’r or inM'le'l£tR'. 
[From mille, a “thousand,” and litre.] 
A French measure of capacity, tho 1000th 
part of a litre; equal to 0.0010 of an 
English cubic inch. 
Millimetre, mil-le-me't’r (French 
pronunciation, m&lT&'metiP). [From 
mille, a “thousand,” and metre.] A 
French measure, the 1000th part of a 
metre, equal to 0.039, or one twenty-sixth, 
of an English inch. 
Ml-met'ic. [Mimet'icus; from 
an “imitation.”] Ilesembling 
or imitating others. 
MI-mos'ra-phy. [Mimogra'phia; 
from gi/hoga’, to “gesticulate,” and ypaijnn, 
to “write.”] A treatise or dissertation 
on gesticulation or expression by signs. 
Ml-mo'sa.* The sensitive plant. A 
Linnaean genus of the class Polggamia, 
natural order Leguminoste or Fabacex. 
Mimo'sa Cal 'o-cliu. The Acacia 
catechu. 
Jlinio'Mi Ki-Iot'I-ea,* Mimosa 
Ki‘ii (‘-(;al.:E The Acacia vera. 
Mimosea?,* me-mo'shc-e. A family, 
or sub-order, of plants, belonging to tho 
natural order Leguminosse. It includes 
the Mimosa. 
Min. = J[in'imnm.* See Minim. 
Miii-dcr-c ri. Spir'I-tus.* [From 
Min'derer, or Mindere'rns, who first ex- 
hibited it.] The Li'quor ammo'nise acc- 
ta'tis (“Solution of the Acetate of Am- 
monia”). It is a valuable diaphoretic, 
and is much used in fevers and inflam- 
matory diseases. 
Min'e-ral. [Minera'Iis; from mi'na, 
a “ mine.”] Literally, “ belonging to a 
mine,” and originally applied especially 
to metallic ores. The term now de- 
notes any inorganic substance found 
in or on the earth. Minerals constitute 
one of the three grand divisions of nature, 
called the mineral kingdom. 
Min'eral Green. A hydrated sub- 
carbonate of copper, used as a pig- 
ment. 
Min'eral Oil. A common name for 
petroleum. 
Min'eral Pitch. A species of solid 
bitumen. 
Min'eral Tar. Tho Petro'leum Bar- 
baden'se. 
Min'eral Tur'peis-tine. A sub- 
stance obtained from coal-oil, and used 
in painting as a substitute for turpentine. 
It is tho same as rectified Benzine. 
Mineral Waters. Sec Mine- 
rales. * 
Min-e-ral-I-za'tion. [Minerali- 
za'tio, o'wi’ay from mincra'le, a “min- 
eral.”] The state or process of a me- 
tallic substance being deprived of its 
usual properties by combination with 
some other substance. 
Min-er-a-Io&'I-eal. [Mineraloff- 
icus.] Belonging to Mineralogy. 
Min-e-ral'o-ffist. [From minera’lc, 
a “mineral.”] One who is well skilled 
or versed in Mineralogy. 
Min-o-ral'o-jfy. [Mineralo'g'ia; 
from minera'le, a “mineral,” and Aoyo;, 
a “ discourse.”] The science which treats 
of the properties, composition, and rela- 
tions of minerals. 
M i n-e-rog l-iji-p h y. [Minerogfra - 
334 ptiia; from minera’lc, a “mineral,” and 
ypa<p(x>, to “ write.”] The same as Mine- 
ralogy. 
Min im. [Min imum; from min'i- 
tntis, the “smallest,” implying that it is 
the smallestliquid measure.] The sixtieth 
part of a fluidrachm, nearly equivalent 
to a drop. 
Mini-urn.® The red oxide of lead; 
red lead. 
Mint. The common name for the 
genus Mentha; also, Mentha piperita, or 
peppermint. 
MI-uu-tl-Ho'rus.® [From minu'tus, 
“small,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
small flowers. 
Ml'o-sene. [From pdav, “less,” 
“ fewer,” and kcuvo;, “ recent.”] A term 
applied to the middle tertiaries; so called 
because they contain fewer recent shells 
than the Pliocene, or upper tertiaries. 
Mirage (Fr.), me'r&zh'. An optical 
illusion which is produced by unequal re- 
fraction in the lower strata of the atmo- 
sphere, and which causes remote objects 
on the sea or land to be seen double, or 
to appear to be suspended in the air. 
"When inverted images arc formed, the 
Italians give it the name of Fata Mor- 
gana (fi'ti mor-gi'nS,). 
Mis-an'thro-pjf. [Misantbro'pia; 
from pi<to;, “ hatred,” and avOpamo;, “man.”] 
Hatred of mankind, or their society. 
Miscarriage. See Abortion. 
Mis-e-re're Mc'i® (i.e. “Have 
mercy on me”). A name for Iliac pas- 
sion, because of its torments. 
Mis-lac-la/tion. [Mislacta'tio, 
o'>11#.] A defective or vitiated condi- 
tion of milk; the same as Galactia. 
Mismeaistruatioii. Sec Paramenia. 
Mismicturition. See Pauuria. 
Mis-oA-'y-nous. [Misojy'yiius; from 
purof, “hatred,” and yovh, a “woman.”] 
Hating women. 
Mis-op-sy'«M-a.* [From pirn;, 
“hatred,” and ipvxh, “life.”] Hatred or 
weariness of life; melancholy, with dis- 
gust of life. 
Misossification. See Parostia. 
Mis-o-zo'I-a.® [From pioo;, “ hatred,” 
and (o»i, “ life.”] Hatred or disgust of life. 
Mist. = Mistu'ra * “A mixture.” 
Mi&'tle-toe, Mis'cl-toc, or Mis'scl- 
to. [Vis'ctim Al'bum.] A parasitical 
plant, growing on the branches of many 
kinds of trees, and well known in con- 
nection with the Druidical ceremonies. 
The powder of its leaves has been used 
as a remedy in epilepsy. 
Mis-tiira. [From niis'ceo, mis'turn 
MIN 
or mix'turn, to “ mix,” to “ mingle.”] (Er, 
Mixtion, m6ks'te-6N°', and Potion, po'- 
se-bso'.) A mixture. A fluid composed 
of two or more ingredients. 
HIMu'raAm-mo-iii'a-ci.* (“Mix- 
ture of Ammoniac.”) Take of ammo- 
niac, one hundred and twenty grains; 
water, half a pint. Rub the ammoniac 
with the water, gradually added, until 
they are thoroughly mixed, and strain. 
Mistu'ra A-inyg'da-ltc.* (“Mix- 
ture of Almond.”) Take of sweet 
almond, half a troyounce; gum arabic, 
in fine powder, thirty grains; sugar, 
one hundred and twenty grains; dis- 
tilled water, eight fluidounces. Having 
blanched the almond, beat it with the 
gum arabic and sugar in a mortar, until 
they are thoroughly mixed; then rub 
the mixture with the distilled water, 
gradually added, and strain. 
Mistu'ra As-SR-fcet'I-dse.* (“Mix- 
ture of Assafoetida.”) Take of assafoe- 
tida, one hundred and twenty grains; 
water, half a pint. Rub the assafoetida 
with the water, gradually added, until 
they are thoroughly mixed. 
Mistu'ra Chlo-ro-for'mi.* (“ Mix- 
ture of Chloroform.”) Take of purified 
chloroform, half a troyounce; camphor, 
sixty grains; the yolk of one egg; 
water, six fluidounces. Rub the jTolk 
in a mortar, first by itself, then with the 
camphor, previously dissolved in the 
chloroform, and lastly with the water, 
gradually added, so as to make a uni- 
form mixture. 
Mistu'ra C're'tee.* (“Mixture of 
Chalk,” or “ Chalk-Mixture.”) Take of 
prepared chalk, half a troyounce; sugar, 
gum arabic, in fine powder, each one 
hundred and twenty grains ; cinnamon- 
water, water, each four fluidounces. Rub 
them together until they are thoroughly 
mixed. 
Mistu'ra Di-a-bol'i-ca.* (“Dia- 
bolical Mixture.”) A nauseous mixture 
sometimes given, in small doses, to per- 
sons feigning disease, but so frequently 
repeated as to maintain the taste of its 
nauseous components, and thus to pro- 
voke a confession. 
Mistu'ra Fer'ri Com-pos'I-ta.* 
(“Compound Mixture of Iron.”) Take 
of myrrh, sugar, each sixty grains ; car- 
bonate of potassa, twenty-five grains; 
sulphate of iron, in coarse powder, 
twenty grains ; spirit of lavender, half a 
fluidounce ; rose-water, seven fluidounces 
and a half. Rub the myrrh, sugar, and 
carbonate of potassa with the rose-water 
MIS 
335 MIS 
MOL 
gradually added, then with the spirit of 
lavender, and lastly with the sulphate 
of iron, and pour the mixture immedi- 
ately into a bottle, which must be well 
stopped. 
Mistn'ra < »l.V V-y r-rhi'zse (oin- 
pos'i-ta.* (“ Compound Mixture of 
Liquorice.”) Brown Mixture. Take 
of liquorice, in fine powder, sugar, in 
coarse powder, gum arabic, in fine pow- 
der, each half a troyounce; camphor- 
ated tincture of opium, two fluidounces; 
wine of antimony, a fluidounce; spirit 
of nitrous ether, half a fluidounce; 
water, twelve fluidounces. Rub the 
liquorice, sugar, and gum arabic with 
the water, gradually added; then add 
the other ingredients, and mix the whole 
together. 
Mistn'ra I*o-tas's«c CT-tra'tis*' 
(“Mixture of Citrate of Potassa”), or 
lAil'uor Potas'sae C'itra'tis,® 1850 
(“Solution of Citrate of Potassa”); 
also called STeu'tral Mix'tnre. Take 
of lemon-juice, fresh, half a pint; bicar- 
bonate of potassa, a sufficient quantity. 
Add the bicarbonate gradually to the 
leinon-juice, until the acid is completely 
saturated ; then strain through muslin. 
Mis-tu'rse,* the plural of Mistura, 
which see. 
M ith 'rl-date. [Mitltrida'tinm; 
said to have been invented or used by 
Mithrida'tes, King of Pontus.] A prep- 
aration of numerous ingredients, for- 
merly regarded as an antidote against 
poisons, but now little used. 
Mit'i-gat-ing. [Mit'igans, an'tis ; 
from mit'iyo, to “assuage.”] Allaying, or 
palliative. Applied to remedies which 
lull, assuage, or soothe pain. 
Mi'tra.' [From yirpa, a “mitre,” or 
“ turban.”] Applied to the hat of mush- 
rooms when it is low, thick, round, and 
plaited. In Surgery, a fillet or bandage 
applied on the head. 
Mi'tral. [Mitra'lis; from mi'tra, a 
“turban,” or “mitre.”] Belonging to a 
mitre, or shaped like a mitre. 
Mi'tral Valves. Applied to the left 
auriculo-ventrieular valves, from their 
shape. 
Mi-trl-for'inis.® [From mi'tra, a 
“turban,” or “mitre.”] Having the form 
of a mitre. 
Mitt. = Mit'te“ send;” Mitta'tur* or 
Mittan'tur,* “let there be drawn.” 
Mitt. Sang. = Mitta'tur san'guis 
“Let blood be drawn.” 
Mixed Fe'ver. [Syn'oehus.] A 
mixture of the symptoms of inflamma- 
tory and typhus fever, being a combina- 
tion of Synocha and Typhus. 
Mixtura. See Mistura. 
Mne-inon'ie. [Mnemon'icns.] 
Belonging to mnemonics. 
Mnemonics, nc-mon'iks. [Mne- 
mon'iea, or Mnemon'ice; from yvfiyn, 
the “memory.”] The art of memory, or 
of remembering. 
Mo-bil'I-t jr. [Mobil'itas, n't is; 
from mo’bilis, “movable.”] A capa- 
bility of motion; ability or tendency to 
move with rapidity or ease; tendency to 
change. 
Moeh'M-um.* [Gr. yoxhiov, diminu- 
tive of yoxK6;, a vectis, or “lever.”] A 
small vectis. An instrument used in ob- 
stetrical surgery. 
Modi'ltis.® [Gr. /joxXds.] The vectis, 
or lever. 
Moe-Main. The produce of the 
Bombax heptaphyllum, being a white 
shining substance of great lightness and 
elasticity. 
Mo-di'o-lar. [Modiola'ris.] Be- 
longing to the modiolus; having the 
form of the nave of a wheel. 
Mo-di'o-ll-form. [Modiolifor'mis; 
from modi'olus, a “small measure.”] 
Having the shape or form of the nave of 
a wheel. 
Mo-dl'o-lus.* [Diminutive of mo'- 
dius, a “measure.”] Literally, a “small 
measure;” also, the nave of a wheel. 
Applied to the central pillar of the 
cochlea of the ear. 
Mo'dI-us,* the chief Roman mea- 
sure for things dry, was equal to one- 
third of a cubic foot, and rather more 
than an English peck. 
Mod. pries. = I,[o'do prsescrip'to.* 
“ In the manner directed.” 
Moelle, mo'cll'. The French term for 
Marrow, which see. 
Mo'la.® A molar tooth. The patella, 
or kneepan. Also, a shapeless, fleshy 
mass in the uterus. See Mole (Moles). 
Mo'lar. [Mola'ris; from vio'la, a 
“ mill.”] Applied to the grinder teeth. 
Mo'lar Glands. Two small bodies 
placed between the masseter and bucci- 
nator muscles, having the orifice of their 
excretory duct opposite the last molar 
tooth. 
Mo'lar Teeth. [Lat. Mola'res 
Den'tes; Fr. Dents Molaires, dox° mo'- 
Icr'.] The grinders, or double-teeth, 
situated in the back part of the jaw. 
Mo-l&r-I-for'mis.® [From mola'ris, 
“ molar.”] Resembling the molar teeth. 
Mo-las'ses. The uncrystallizable 
336 ftart of the juice of the sugar-cane; also 
called Melasses, and Treacle. 
Mole. [Anglo-Saxon, Maal, or Mai, 
a “ spot,” or “mark.”] A small brown- 
ish spot (Lat. nte'vus, or mac'ula) on the 
skin, generally presenting a few hairs. 
In Zoology, the genus Talpa. 
Mole. [Mo'les, i.e. a “mass.”] A 
name applied to a fleshy mass or tumor 
sometimes found in the uterus. See 
Mola. 
Molecnla. See Molecule. 
Mo-lec'u-lar. [Moleeula'ris; 
from molec'nla, a “molecule.”] Be- 
longing to a molecule; consisting of 
molecules. 
Molec'ular At-trac'tion. [At- 
trac'tio Molecula'ris.] The power 
supposed inherent in molecules of mat- 
ter, which exerts itself at distances inap- 
preciable, or at the point of contact, and 
inclines them to combine one with the 
other. 
Mol'e-cnle. [Molec'nla; diminu- 
tive of mo'lee, a “' mass.”] A “ little 
mass.” The smallest particle of matter 
conceivable. Applied to that exceed- 
ingly minute body, in morbid products, 
in which we can discover no deter- 
minate external circle and internal 
centre. Also, the same as Blastodehm, 
which see. 
Mol'eenles, Con-stit'u-ent. Those 
of each element comprised in an inte- 
grant molecule of a compound. 
Molecules, In'te-grant. The 
smallest particles into which it is con- 
ceivable to divide a simple body, or a 
compound body without resolving it into 
its elements. 
Mo*len-dI-na 'eeons. [Molendi- 
na’eeus; from molendi'num, a “mill.”] 
Resembling a wind-mill. Applied to 
seeds having many wings. 
Mo-li'men, lim'im's."* [From mo' - 
lior, to “labor,” or “struggle.”] An 
effort; struggle, or endeavor. 
Moli iiien Heni-or-rlia&'i-cum,* 
or Moli'men Men-stru-aTe.® The 
menstrual period or effort, 
Moll i ties,* mol-lish'e-ez. [From 
mol'Its, “ soft.”] Softness; tenderness. 
Molllties Cerebri. See Softening 
of the Brain. 
Molli'ties Os'sium* (osh'e-um). 
(“Softening of the Bones.”) (Fr. Osteo- 
malacic, A disease in 
which the bones become preternaturally 
flexible, either from an inordinate ab- 
sorption, or an imperfect secretion of the 
phosphate of lime.—(Mayne.) Accord- 
MOL 
ing to Virchow, it is produced simply by 
the conversion of bone into medullary 
tissue. 
Mol-lus'ea,* or Mol'lusks. [From 
niol'li8, “soft.”] The second of the four 
great primary divisions of animals, hav- 
ing soft bodies, aud no internal skele- 
tons, as shell-fish. 
Mol-lus'cous. [Mollus'eiis; from 
the same.] Relating to the Mollusca. 
Mol-lus'euin.* [From the same.] 
A disease of the skin in which numerous 
atheromatous tumors occur, varying in 
size from a pea to a pigeon’s egg. So 
called because the tumors resemble in 
consistency the bodies of molluscous 
animals. They possess little sensibility, 
without constitutional disturbance, and 
have apparently no natural termination. 
Mollusks. See Mollusca. 
I.is’Tmiis.® (“Mo- 
lucca Wood.”) The wood of the Croton 
tiglium ; also called Lignum Pavnnte. 
Mo'ly, yoh.* [Gr. /kjAw.] The spe- 
cific name of a species of garlic; the 
Allium moly of Linnaeus. 
Molybdenum* (mol-ib-de'mim), or 
Mol-yb-dse'na,.* [From ydhSios, 
“lead.”] A brittle metal which exists 
in the native sulphuret of rnolyb- 
daena. 
Mo-lyb'diite. [Molyb'das, »'<?«.] 
A combination of molybdic acid with a 
base. 
Molybdena. See Molybt>a:na. 
Molybdenum. See Molybdenum. 
Mo-Iyb'dic. [Molyb'dicus.] Be- 
longing to molybdaenum. Applied to an 
acid obtained from it. 
Mo-Iyb-rto-cori-ca.* [From yo\v6- 
log, “ lead,” and eol'iea, “ colic.”] Molyb- 
docolic. Lead-colic, or bowel complaint 
the effect of lead-poison. 
Mo-lyb-do-i'des.* [From y6\v6los, 
“lead,” and tills, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling lead : molyb'doid. 
Mo-lyh-don'o-sos,* or Mo-lyb- 
don'o-sus.® [From yo\v6los, “ lead,” 
and vooos, “ disease.”] Lead-disease, or 
lead-colic. 
Mo-lyb-do-spas'imis.* [From 
Ho\v6los, “lead,” and spas'mus, a 
“ spasm.”] Cramp or spasm caused by 
the poisonous influence of lead. 
Mo-Iyb'dous. [Molybdo'sus; 
from molybdtefnumi] to mo- 
lybdaenum. 
Xo-men'tnm.* [From mo'men, a 
“ motion,” or “ impulse.”] The momen- 
tum of a body is the product of its 
weight (or mass) and its velocity. It is 
MOM 
337 MOM 
[From Monim'ia, one of the genera.] A 
natuial order of exogenous, aromatic 
trees and shrubs, found in South Ame- 
rica. 
Monk’s'-hood. The Aconitum napel- 
lus; aconite, or wolf’s-bane. 
Mon-o-lcYsic. iioiioiiiisjciis; 
from nofos, “single,” and la'gin, a 
“base.”] Having a single base. Applied 
to certain chemical substances. 
Mon-o-blep'sis.* [From povof, 
“single,” and flXlrno, to “behold.”] A 
state of vision in which objects are dis-, 
tinct when only one eye is used. 
Hon'o-earp, or 3Ion-o-ear'p«ii.* 
[See Monocarpic.] An annual plant; 
a plant which bears fruit only once. 
Monocarpian. See Monocarpic. 
Mon-o-car'pio, or Mon-o-car'- 
poiiK. [From novo;, “single,” and Kap- 
ti6;, “ fruit.”] Bearing fruit only once. 
Mon-o-car'pous. [Monocar'- 
pens.] See Monocarpic. 
Mon-o-fepli a-Ious. [Ilonoceph 
alus; from ptivos, “ single,” and KetpaXij, 
the “ head.”] Bearing a single head, 
as certain flowers. 
Mon-o-elila-iiijil'e-oas [M0110- 
chlamyd'ens; from povo;, “single,” 
and yXa/nif, a “ short cloak.”] Having 
a single floral envelope, i.e. apetalous. 
Moii-o-cliron'ic. [Monochron'i- 
cns; from p(n>os, “ single,” and xpdvos, 
“time.”] Existing at one and the same 
time. Applied to organic remains. 
Mo-noe'la-dus.* [From pwoq, “sin- 
gle,” and xXddoj, a “branch.”] Bearing 
but one branch. 
Mon-o-cli nous. [Dfonodin'ius; 
from p6vos, “ single,” and xXiViy, a “ bed.”] 
Applied to plants bearing flowers with 
both sexes: hermaphrodite. 
Mon-o-cot-y-ie'don, om's* [From 
p6i/o$, “ single,” and KorvXtjd.iv, a “ cotyle- 
don.”] A plant having only one coty- 
ledon. Applied in the plural (Monocoty- 
le'dones) to a class of plants, now gene- 
rally called Endogens. 
Mon-©-<*©t-y-led'o-iioiis. [fflono- 
rotylodo'neus, or M«nocotyled'o- 
nus; from monocoty le'don.] Having 
but one cotyledon. This term was em- 
ployed by Jussieu to denote endogenous 
plants. 
Mon-o-era’niis.® [From p6m;, 
“single,” and xpiivuj, a “helmet,” a 
“covering,” or perhaps from Kpaviov. the 
“cranium.”] A monster-foetus with a 
single mass of brain. 
Mon-oc'u-lus.* [From /<ora(, “sin- 
gle,” and oc'ulus, the “ eye.”j Also 
MON 
synonymous with the phrase quantity of 
motion. 
Mo-mor'di-ca.* [From mor'deo, 
preterite momor'di, to “ bite.”] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Moncecia, natu- 
ral order Cucurbitacese. 
Moinordicn El-a-te'rl-um.* The 
plant which produces the wild or squirt- 
ing cucumber. 
Moii-a-can'thiis.* [From pwf, 
“alone,” “single,” “only one,” and 
ii/canOa, a “ spine.”] Having but one 
spine: monacanthous. 
Monad. [Monas, a dis; from 
povas, pova&os, a “ unit.”] An ultimate 
atom; a primary constituent of matter. 
Also applied to the most minute of the 
Infusoria. 
Mo a i-a-d el' plii-a.:s [From 
“alone,” or “single,” and a 
“ brother.”] The sixteenth class in the 
Linnman system of plants, including 
those whose filaments are united in a 
single brotherhood,—that is, set, or 
column. 
Mon-a-del'plioiis. [Monadel'- 
]>Siius; from the same.] Having a 
single brotherhood: monadel'phious. 
See Monadklphia. 
Mo-nan'dri-a.® [From p6vo;, “ sin- 
gle,” and dvnp, a “ man,” or “ male.”] 
The first class in the Linnsean system 
of plants, including those which have 
only one stamen in each flower. 
Dlo-nan'drous. [Monan'drins; 
from the same.] Having a single sta- 
men : monandrious. 
Mo-nar'da." Ilorsemint. The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
of Monar'da puncta'ta. 
Monesia,* mo-ne'she-a. An astrin- 
gent vegetable substance, procured from 
the bark of a South American tree sup- 
posed to be a Chrysophyllum. It has 
been prescribed for diarrhoea, etc. 
Mo-nl-lif er-us,* or Mo-nil'I-fer.* 
[From moni'le, a “necklace,” and fe'ro, 
to “ bear.”] Bearing a necklace, or 
something resembling a necklace. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
Jlo-iiiri-form. [Monilifor'mis • 
from moni'le, a “necklace.”] Formed 
like a necklace. 
Mon-i-lig'er-iis.* [From moni'le, a 
“necklace,” and ge'ro, to “carry.”] 
Moniligerous. The same as Monilif- 
erus. 
Mo-n i I-l-o-i 'des.® [From moni'le, a 
“necklace,” and eiios, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a necklace. 
Moniiiiiacea1,5 mo-nim-e-a'she-e. 
338 MON 
MON 
termedSim’plexOc'n-lns (j.c. “Single 
Eye”). A bandage used in fistula lac- 
rymalis, and other diseases of the eye, 
to cover one eye. 
Mon-o-dirt'y-mus.® [From povo;, 
“ single,” and Ai&vpo;, “ twin.”] One of 
twins. 
Monoecla,® mo-ne'she-ii. [From 
p6vo;, “single,” “only one,” and obda, a 
“house,” or “family.”] Literally, “hav- 
ing one house, or family;” because the 
male and female flowers are found on 
the same plant, thus forming but one 
family (see Dioecious). The twenty-first 
class in the Linnacan system of plants, 
comprising those which have the stamens 
and pistils in separate flowers on the 
same plant. 
Mo-11 oe'cioas. [Monoe'ciiis; from 
the same.] Having one house. Applied 
to a class of plants. See Monoecia. 
Mon-o-gyn'i-a.* [From povo;, “sin- 
gle,” “only one,” and yovfj, a “woman,” 
or “female.”] The name given by Lin- 
nmus to the first order in each of the first 
thirteen classes of plants, comprising 
such as have only one pistil in each 
flower. 
Moss-og'y-aiOHS. [Monogyn'ius; 
from the same.] Having one pistil or 
style: monogynious. 
Mo-noi'cons. The same as Monce- 
cious, which see. 
Mon-o-loc'ii-lsir. [Monoloetila'- 
ris; from povo;, “single,” “only one,” 
and loc'ulus, a “ cell.”] Having only one 
cavity or cell; one-celled. Applied to 
cystic tumors so constituted. 
Mon-o-ma'nl-a.* [From povo;, 
“single,” “only one,” and pavia, “mad- 
ness.”] A kind of insanity in which the 
patient is irrational on one subject only, 
on all others clear and correct. 
Mon-o-nia'ni-ac. [Monomani'a- 
cus; from monoma'nia, “ madness on 
one subject.”] A person laboring under 
monomania. 
Mo-nom'y-us.* [From pwo;, “sin- 
gle,” “only one,” and pv;, a “muscle.”] 
Having but one muscle. Applied in the 
plural neuter (Monom'ya) to an order of 
the Conchifcra. 
Moii-o-p&r-I-asi'the-us.* [From 
p6vo;, “ single,” nr pi, “around,” and avOo;, 
a “ flower.”] The same as Monochla- 
MYDEOUS, which see. 
Mon-o-pet'a-lous. [Monopota'- 
lcus, or Monopet'aljis; from p6vo;, 
“ single,” and nlraKov, a “ petal.”] Hav- 
ing but one petal, or several petals more 
or less united; gamopetalous. The 
term Mouopet'alie is applied by some 
botanists to a section of angiospermous, 
exogenous plants. 
Mon-o-pltyl'lous. [Monopliyl- 
1ns; from p6vo;, “ single,” and tpvXkov, a 
“leaf.”] Ilaving but one leaf. 
Mon-o-phy'o-<loiit.* [From pmof, 
“ single,” <pvo>, to “ generate,” and 0W5, 
dSovros, a “tooth.”] A mammal which 
produces but one set of teeth, as the 
sloth. 
Mon-o-po'di-a.® [From poio;, “sin- 
gle,” and roiif, a “ foot.”] A genus of 
monsters having only one foot. 
Mo-nop'ter-iis.* [From pmo;, “sin- 
gle,” and nTcp6v, a “wing.”] Having 
but one wing. Applied to certain seeds. 
Mo-iior'eliis. Idle* [From poio;, 
“single,” and opX‘s, a “testicle.”] Ap- 
plied to one in whom a single testicle 
has descended into the scrotum, or who 
has been deprived of one by accident or 
by an operation. 
Mon-o-sep'a-Ious. [Monosep'a- 
lns; from povo;, “single,” and sep'alum, 
a “ sepal.”] A calyx, the sepals of which 
are united, is called monosepalous, or, 
more correctly, gamosepalous.—(Gray.) 
Moii-o-spor'mal, or Mon-o-spcr'- 
mons. [tlouospcr'imis; irom p6vo;, 
“ single,” and ovtppa, a “ seed.”] Hav- 
ing only one seed. 
Mo-nos'po-nts.* [From pdvo;, 
“single,” and oT.opa, a “seed.”] Applied 
to any concepticle of a cryptogamous 
plant which contains but a single spo- 
rule. 
[From poio;, 
“ single,” and oraxv;, an “ ear.”] Hav- 
ing but one spike. 
Mo-nos'ti-«lioiis. [From p6vog, 
“single,” and orixo;, a “line.”] A term 
applied to leaves disposed in one vertical 
rank. 
tloii-o-stig'niij-tiis.* [From pdvo;, 
“single,” and orilypa, a “stigma.”] 
Having but one stigma: monostig'ma- 
tous. 
Mon-o-sty'lons. [Monosty'lns; 
from p6vo;, “ single,” and otv'Ko;, a 
“ style.”] Ilaving but one style. 
tfon-o-thal'a-niiis.* [From p6vo;, 
“single,” and 6a\apo;, a “bed.”] Hav- 
ing but one unilocular shell: monothal'- 
amous. Applied to an order of Mollusks. 
Mo-110 to-moiis. [Monot'omns; 
from povo;, “ single,” and repvo>, to “cut.”] 
Having a single cleavage-face. Applied 
to minerals. 
Mon-o-trem'a-tons. [Monotrem'- 
a tv is; from p6vo;, “single,” and rptipa, 
339 MON 
MOR 
an “opening.”] Having only one open- 
ing or vent for semen, urine, and excre- 
ments. 
Mon’o-treme. [Monotre’ma, at/*.] 
A name for a monotrematous animal. 
See Monotrematous. 
Monotropaceae,® mon'o-tro-pa'- 
she-e. [From Monot'ropa, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
parasitical plants, natives of Europe, 
Asia, and North America. 
Monro’s Foramen. See Foramen 
ok Monro. 
Mon'ster. [Mon'strum, plural 
Mon'stra.] Originally, any thing pro- 
digious or ominous. A huge, or de- 
formed, animal; a young aninjal born 
with a redundancy or deficiency, a con- 
fusion or transposition, of parts ; a lusus 
naturae. 
Mon'stra,® gen. Mon-stro'rum, the 
plural of Momtrum. See Monster. 
Mons Ven'e-ris.® The eminence in 
the upper and anterior part of theyn/tes 
of women. 
Mon-tie'o-lus.® [From mons, mon'- 
tis, a “mountain,” and co'lo, to “in- 
habit.”] Living or growing on moun- 
tains. 
Moorhead. See Alembic. 
Moraceae,* mo-ra'she-e. A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
natives of the tropical and temperate 
parts of Asia and America. It comprises 
the Mulberry (Mo'ms), the Fig (Fi'cus 
Car'ica), and the Banyan-tree (Fi'cus 
In'dina). Caoutchouc is an abundant 
product of the Fi'cus Elas'tica. 
Mor'al Xn-sun'I-ty. That in which 
the intellectual faculties appear to have 
sustained but little injury, but the feel- 
ings and affections are perverted and 
depraved. 
Mor'bi,* gen. Mor-bo'rum, the 
plural of Morbus, which see. 
Mor'bid. [Mor'bidus; from mod- 
bus, a “disease.”] (Fr. Morbeux, moit'- 
buh'.) Diseased, or pertaining to dis- 
ease. 
Mor'bid Tem'per-a-ture. The dif- 
ference either above or below the natural 
temperature of the body, as ascertained 
by the thermometer placed in the axilla, 
or under the tongue, of a patient: the 
natural temperature is from 96° to 98° 
Fahrenheit. 
Mor-bif'ic. [Morbif'icus; from 
mor'bus, “disease,” and fa'cio, to 
“make.”] Inducing, or causing, disease. 
Mor-bil'li,* gen. Mor-bil-Io'nim 
(found only in the plural). [Diminutive 
of mor'bus, a “ disease.”] A name fot 
Rubeola, or measles. See Rubeola. 
Mor-bil'lojis. Morbillo'sus: from 
morbil'li, “measles.”] (Fr. Morbilleux, 
moR'bM'luh'.) Belonging to the measles: 
measly. 
Mor'bus,® plural Mor'bi. The Latin 
term for a disease, or sickness. 
Morbus Sirighiii. See Brigiit’s 
Disease, and Nephritis. 
Morbus <a-du'eus.; (“Falling 
Disease or Sickness.”) A name for 
Epilepsy, which see. 
Morbus Cseruloiis. See Cyanosis. 
Morbus t’oxjirius, or Morbus 
Coxarum. See Coxalgia. 
Mor'bus Cial'II-eus.® (“ French Dis- 
ease.”) A name for Syphilis, which see. 
Mor'bus Her-cu' le-us.® (“ Hercu- 
lean Disease.”) A name for Epilepsy. 
Mor'bus Iii'dhfus. ' (“Indian Dis- 
ease.”) A name for Syphilis, which see. 
Mor'bus Iu-lan-ti'lis® (“Infantile 
Disease”), Mor'bus Magr'n us.® (“ Great 
or Mighty Disease.”) Names for Epi- 
lepsy, which sec. 
Mor'bus SH'ger.® (“Black Dis- 
ease.”) See Mf.l.ena. 
Mor'bus I*e-dic-u-la'ris.® (“ Lousy 
Disease.”) See Phthiriasis. 
Mor'bus Re'gl-us.® (“Royal Dis- 
ease.”) A name for Icterus, which see. 
Mor'bus Sa'cer.® (“Sacred Dis- 
ease.”) A name given to epilepsy, because 
epileptics were sometimes supposed to 
be divinely inspired. See Epilepsy. 
Mor-du'ciosss. [Mor'dax, a'cis; 
from mor'deo, to “bite.”] Biting; pun- 
gent. 
Mor'clant. [From mor'deo, to “bite;” 
hence, “to take a firm hold.”] A sub- 
stance, used by dyers, which combines 
with the fabric to be dyed, in order to fix 
the coloring matter. 
More diet. = Mo’re dic'to.% “ In 
the manner directed.” 
Morgag'ni (mor-g3,n'yee) Oo-Ium'- 
use Rec'tse.* (“ Strait Columns of 
Morgagni.”) The longitudinal plicae of 
the rectum. 
Morgag'ui IA'quor* (“ Liquor of 
Morgagni”), otherwise called XSu'mor 
of tlorgag'ni. A small quantity 
of fluid between the crystalline lens and 
its capsule ; discovered by Morgagni. 
Morgag'iai, Si'iaus-es of. Three 
small dilatations at the beginning of the 
aorta, first pointed out by Morgagni. 
Morgue (Fr.), moRg. [From the Per- 
sian mart), “death.”] A dead-house, or 
place where dead bodies that have been 
340 MOR 
MOT 
found are exposed, in order to be recog- 
nized. 
Mo'rl-a.* [Gr. piopia.'] foolishness; 
fatuity. 
Mo-ri-bun'dus.* [From mo'rior, to 
“die.”] Dyiug; ready to die. 
Mo-rl-lbr'mis.* [From mo'nim, a 
“mulberry.”] Having the form of a 
mulberry. 
Noringacea',5' mor-in-ga'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous trees, found 
in the East Indies and Arabia. It con- 
sists of a single genus, the Morin'ga, 
which has been used as a remedy in dis- 
eases of the urinary organs. 
Mo-ri-o-plas'tl-ce.* [From popiov, a 
“ part,” and jrAaonxdj, “ forming.”] The 
restoration of lost parts. 
Mor-o-co'mI-um.* [From p'pos, 
“ idiotic,” and sopto>, to “ cure.”] A lu- 
natic asylum, or house for the reception 
and treatment of the insane. 
Mor-o-do'chi-um.* [From pwpos, 
“ idiotic,” and ikxopai, to “ admit.”] The 
same as Morocomium, which see. 
Mor'phi-a,* Mor-phi'na,* or Mor'- 
phine. [From Mor'pheus, the god of 
sleep or dreams.] A vegetable alkaloid, 
the most important narcotic principle of 
opium. It is mostly given in the form 
of acetate, sulphate, or muriate, which are 
very similar in their action. Morphia is, 
in many cases, preferable as an anodyne 
to opium, because it is less apt to consti- 
pate the bowels, and to produce headache 
or other unpleasant effects. It is, more- 
over, less likely to be rejected by an irri- 
table stomach than opium or laudanum. 
Mor'phlne, or Mor'pliin. The same 
as Morphia, which see. 
Mor-pho-grapb'ic. [Morpho- 
graph'icus.] Belonging to morphog- 
raphy. 
Mor-phog'ra-phy. [Morphogra'- 
pbia; from pop([>ri, a “ form,” and ypa<po>, to 
“ write.”] A description of the external 
forms of plants or animals. 
Mor-pho-log'I-cal. [Morpholog'- 
iens.] Relating to morphology. 
Mor-phol'o-gjr. [Morpbolo'g ia; 
from /lop'jM?, a “ form,” and Adyo;, a “ dis- 
course.”] The science of form in the 
organic kingdom. Morphology, as ap- 
plied to plants, is analogous to the com- 
parative anatomy of animals. 
Mor-pbol'y-sis.* [From popbij, a 
“form,” and Av&>, to “dissolve.”] The 
destruction of form or organization. 
Mor-pho-inet'ri-cal. [Morpho- 
tnet'ricus.] Belonging to morphometry. 
Mor-phom'e-try. [Morpbome'- 
tria; from p°p<!>n, a “ form,” and pcrpio, to 
“measure.”] The art of measuring or 
ascertaining the external form of objects. 
Mor-pho-noinl-a.* [From popart, a 
“ form,” and »6pot, a “ law.”] The science 
of the laws of formation: morphon'omy. 
Mor-plio'sis.* [From poptpow, to 
“form.”] A morbid formation; organic 
disease. In Botany, the manner of de- 
velopment. 
Morriiuae Oleum. See Oleum 
Morrhua:. 
Mors,* gen. Mor'tis. [From pdpog, 
“fate,” or “destiny.”] The absoluto 
cessation of life; death. 
Mor. sol. = Mo're eol'ito.* “ In the 
usual way.” 
Mor'sus Dl-ab'o-li.* (“Devil’s 
Bite.”) A ridiculous name sometimes ap- 
plied to the jimbrix of theFallopian tubes. 
Mor'tsvr. [Lat. Morta'riuni; Fr. 
Mortier, moR'te-d,'.] A vessel used in 
Pharmacy for pulverizing solid sub- 
stances. 
Mor-ti-fi-ca' tion. [Mort i Ilea't io, 
o'nis; from mors, mor'tis, “death,” and 
fa'cio, to “make.”] The loss of vitality 
in, or death of, a part. 
Mo'rus Jii'grii.5 The black mul- 
berry tree. 
Mo'rus Tinc-to'rl-a.* [From tin’- 
go, tine'turn, to “ dye,” to “ stain.”] The 
plant which yields the yellow dye called 
fustic. 
Morve, moRV. The French term for 
“ glanders.” See Equinia. 
Mo-sa'ic Gold. [Au'rum Mnsi'- 
viiin. j The alchemical name of the bi- 
sulphuret of tin. It is produced in flakes 
of a gold color, and is used as a pigment. 
Mosa'ie Sil ver. [Argen tum Mu- 
si'vum.] Made of bismuth and tin 
melted together, with the addition of 
quicksilver; used as a silver color. 
Mos-vhif'er-us.* [From mos'chus, 
“ musk,” and fe'ro, to “ hear.”] Bear- 
ing, or yielding, musk. 
Mos'chus.* [Arab. Mosch.] Musk. 
The Pharmacopoeial name || of a peculiar 
concrete substance obtained from tho 
Moschus moschiferus. 
Mos'chus Moschif'crus.* The 
animal from which musk is obtained; 
the musk-deer. 
Moss, Pec'to-ral. A common name 
for the Li'chen pulmona'rius. 
Mosses. See Musci. 
Moth'er-Wa'tcr. The residual fluid 
after evaporating sea-water, or any other 
solution containing salts, and taking out 
the crvstals. 
341 MOT 
MUC 
Moth'er’s Mark. A name applied 
to any of the appearances included under 
the term Nse'vus mater'nus. 
Mo tion. [Mo'tio, o'nis; from mo'- 
veo, mo'tum, to “move.”] This term is 
employed in Animal Physiology to de- 
note the following phenomena :— 
1. Voluntary Motion. The spontaneous 
act of the will of the individual; a func- 
tion attached to the brain. 
2. Excited Motion, or that of the reflex 
function, as in the closure of the larynx 
on the contact of acrid vapors; of the 
pharynx on that of food, etc.; a function 
of the spinal marrow. 
3. Motion of Irritability, as the action 
of the heart, the intestinal canal, etc.; a 
function of the muscular fibre. 
4. Ciliary Motion. The peculiar vi- 
brating motion of the cilia of animals. 
Mo'tor,* plural Mo-to'reS. [From 
the same.] A mover. Applied to mus- 
cles, etc. 
Mo-to res,® gen. Mo-to'rum, the 
plural of Motoh. 
Moto'res Oc-u-Io'runi.® (“Movers 
of the Eyes.”) The third pair of nerves 
distributed on the muscles that move the 
eyeball. 
Mo'to-ry'. [From mo'veo, mo'tum, to 
“move.”] Causing motion. Applied to 
nerves which convey the peculiar stimu- 
lus which excites motion, to the muscles. 
Moun'tain Cork. The name of the 
elastic variety of asbestos. See Asbes- 
tos. 
Moutarile, moo'tand'. The French 
name for Mustard, which see. 
Mouth. See Os, and Faux. 
Mox'a.* [From the Japanese.] A 
soft woolly substance prepared from the 
dried young leaves of Artemisia Chinen- 
sis and A. Indie a, and burned on the 
skin to produce an eschar, with a view 
to cause revulsion. 
Mox-I-bu'rl-um.* [From mox'a, 
and u'ro, to “burn;” the b being added 
for the sake of euphony, as in the case 
of combustion (from con or com and 
•mshow).] The remedial application of 
the moxa. 
Mox-os-pliy'ra.® [From mox'a, and 
oj>vpa, a “hammer.”] An iron hammer 
plunged into boiling water for one or 
two minutes, and the face now and then 
applied to the skin as counter-irritant 
or rubefacient. 
Mac. = Mucila'yo.* “Mucilage.” 
Mu'cate. [Mu'cas, a'/fs.] A com- 
bination of mucic acid with a base. 
Mu'cic. [Mu'cicus; from mu'cm, 
“mucus,” or “gum.”] Belonging to 
gum. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
Mu'cl-lage. [.tludla'gu, fe'inis; 
from the same.] An aqueous solution 
of gum. 
Mu-cI-!a&'I-neS>,* the plural of Mu- 
Cilago, which see. 
Mu-cl-lagr'i-nous. [Mueilag-itso'- 
sus; from mucila'yo, “mucilage.”] Be- 
longing to mucilage, or to gum : gummy. 
Mu-cl-la'go,* gen. Mu-ci-la£ I-nis, 
the Latin for Mucilage, which see. 
Mncila'go Aca'cise* (a-ka'she-e.) 
(“Mucilage of Acacia,” or of Gum Ara- 
bic.) Take of gum arabic, in pieces, 
four troyounees; water, half a pint. 
Add the water to the gum arabic, agi- 
tate occasionally until it is dissolved, 
and strain. 
Mucila'go Sas'sa-fras* (“Mucilage 
of Sassafras ”), or In-iu'sum Sas'sa- 
tras Me-dul lfe,* 1850 (“Infusion of 
Sassafras Pith”). Take of sassafras 
pith, one hundred and twenty grains; 
water, a pint. Macerate for three hours, 
and strain. 
Mucila'go Tragr-a-can 'thae.® (“Mu- 
cilage of Tragacanth.”) Take of trag- 
acanth, a troyounce; boiling water, a 
pint. Macerate the tragacanth with the 
water for twenty-four hours, occasion- 
ally stirring; then rub them together, 
so as to render the mixture uniform, and 
strain forcibly through muslin. 
Mucila'go III'mi* (“ Mucilage of 
Elm,” that is. Mucilage of Slippery Elm 
Bark), or In-fta'sum Ul'ml,® 1850 
(“Infusion of Elm [Bark]”). Take of 
slippery elm bark, sliced and bruised, a 
troyounce; boiling water, a pint. Mace- 
rate for two hours in a covered vessel, 
and strain. 
Mu'cin. [Muei'iia; from mu'cun, 
“mucus,” or “gum.”] The peculiar 
animal matter of mucus. 
Mu-cip'a-rotis. [Mucip'arus; from 
mu'chs, “mucus,” or “gum,” andpa'rio, 
to “ produce.”] Producing or secreting 
mucus. 
Wii-ci'tis, idisA- Inflammation of a 
mucous membrane. Applied to the dis- 
ease named Gonorrhoea, Bayitorrhoea, 
Blennorrhagia, etc. 
Mu-civ 'o-rosis. [Wuciv ocas : from 
mu’cue, and vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating 
mucus. Applied to certain insects. 
[From mn'cus, and 
a “ tumor.”] Literally, a tmnor in- 
volving a mucous membrane or tissue. 
Applied to an enlargement of the lacry- 
mal sac, occasioning Jhtula lacrymalis. 
342 Mn'coid. [Mucoi'des; from mu'eus, 
“mucus,” and £idoj, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling mucus. 
Mu'ce-Pu'ru-lejit, Mu-ca'so-Pu'- 
ru-lea»t. [Mu'co- or Muco'so-puru- 
Icu'tus; from mu'eus, muco'sus “mu- 
cous,” and pus, “matter.”] Of the na- 
ture of mingled mucus and pus. 
Ilu cous. [Muco'sus; from mu'eus, 
“ mucus,” or “ gum.”] Belonging to, or 
resembling, mucus. 
Mu'cous Fol'li-cles. [Follac'uli 
Muco'si.j The follicles or minute 
glands belonging to the mucous mem- 
branes. Their office is to secrete mucus. 
Mucous Membranes. See Mem- 
branes. 
Mucous Tumor. See Myxoma. 
Mu-cro-na'ta Car-ti-la'go.* 
(“Pointed Cartilage.”) The ensiform 
cartilage of the sternum. 
Mu'cro-nate, or Mu'cro-nat-ed. 
[Mucroua'tus; from mu'ero, a “short, 
sharp point.”] Having a sharp point. 
Mu-cro-nlf'er-us.* [From mu'ero, 
a “sharp point,” and fe'ro, to “carry.”] 
Bearing straight, stiff points: mucro- 
nif'erous. 
Mu-cro-nl-fo'li-us.* [From mu'ero, 
a “ sharp point,” and fo'Hum, a “ leaf.”] 
Having mucronated leaves. 
Mu-cro-ni-for'mis.* [From mu'ero, 
a “ sharp point.”] Having the form of a 
point: mucron'iform. 
Mu-cron'u-late. [Mucronula'- 
tus; from mueron'ula, diminutive of 
mu'ero, a “ point.”] Having a minute, 
abrupt point. 
Mu-cn'naj Cowhage. A Linntean 
genus of the class Diadelphia, natural 
order Leguminosic. The Pharmacopceial 
name for the hairs from the pod of Mu- 
cuna prurient, 
Mucu'na Pru'ri-ens.® (“Itching 
Mucuna.”) The plant which yields cow- 
hage, or cowitch, formerly called the 
Dolichos prurient. 
Mu'eus.* [Gr. \iv\ti; Fr. Muqueux 
animal, miikuh' an&'m&l'.] Animal 
mucus, one of the primary fluids of the 
animal body. (See Phlegm.) Also, gum, 
or vegetable mucus. 
Mudar, muh-dar', or Ma-dar'. A 
name of the Calot'ropis Gigante'a (other- 
wise called Calot'ropis Matin' ri i), the 
bark, root, and juice of which are used 
in India as a remedy for elephanti- 
asis. 
Mutl'a-rin, Mud'a-rine, or Mad'a- 
rin. The active principle of the mudar. 
It is remarkable for its property of co- 
MUC 
agulating by heat, and becoming again 
fluid on exposure to cold. 
Mnl'ber-ry. The fruit of the Morns 
nigra. 
Mulberry Cal'cu-lus. A species 
of urinary calculus, consisting of oxalate 
of lime, and named from its rough and 
tubereulated surface, resembling that of 
a mulberry. 
Mul'berry-Tree. The common name 
for different trees of the genus Mo'rus, 
but applied especially to the Mo'rus ni'gra. 
Mu-lo-med'i-cus.* [From mu'lus, a 
“ mule,” and med'icus, a “ physician.”] 
A veterinary surgeon, or horse-doctor. 
Mul-tan'g'u-lar. [Multangula'- 
ris; from mul'tus, “many,” and an'ga- 
ins, a “ corner.”] Having many angles, 
or corners. 
Mul-tan-gu-la'tus.* [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and an'gulus, a “corner.”] 
Many-cornered; having many corners, 
or angles, as the shell of the Telli'na 
multangula'ta. 
Mul-tl-ax-if'er-ns.* [From mul'tus, 
‘‘many,” ax'is, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Applied to an inflorescence when it pre- 
sents more than three axes of vegetation. 
Mul-ti-bul-bo'sus.* [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and bul'fjus, a “bulb.”] Having 
numerous bulbs. 
Mul-tl-cap'sii-lar. [Multicapsu- 
la'ris; from mul'tus, “many,” and cap'- 
sula, a “capsule.”] Having many cap- 
sules. 
Mul-ti-caudus.- [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and cau'da, a “tail.”] Having 
many tails, or many prolongations in 
the form of tails. 
Mul-tl-cau'lis.* [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
ing numerous stems: multicau'line. 
Mul-ti-coc'cns.* [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and coc'cus, a “berry,” or 
“capsule.”] Having many berries, or 
many seeds. 
JlnMi-eiii-bry-o-n.a'tiis.® [From 
mul'tus, “many,” and em'bryo.'] Applied 
to seeds which contain more than one 
embryo. 
Mul-tif'er-ons. [Multif'erus; 
from mul'tus, “ many,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing flowers and fruits 
many times in the course of a year. 
Mul'ti-fid, or Mul-tif'i-dous. 
[Multit idus; from mul'tus, “many,” 
and jin'do, to “cleave,” or “divide.”] 
Many-cleft; having many divisions. Ap- 
plied to a muscle of the spine which has 
numerous attachments ; also, to leaves. 
Mul-tit I-dus Spi'nav* (“Many- 
MUL 
343 Cleft [Muscle] of the Spine.”) See 
Transversalis Dorsi. 
Mul-tl-llo'rous. [Multiflo'rus; 
from mul'tue, “many,” and Jins, a “flow- 
er.”] Having numerous flowers. 
Mul-tif'o-rus.® [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and fo'ro, to “pierce” (from 
fo'ris, a “ door,” or “ opening”).] Pierced 
by numerous holes. 
Mul-tl-gem mi-us.® [From mul'tus, 
“ many,” and geni'ma, a “ bud.”] Ap- 
plied to a tubercle containing many 
buds, as those of the potato. 
Mul-tij'u-gate. [Multijuga'tus; 
from mul'tus, “many,” and jit'gum, a 
“ yoke.”] Having many pairs, as a pin- 
nate leaf with ton or more leaflets. 
Mul-til 'o-batc. [M ultiloba'tus; 
from mul'tus, “many,” and lo'bus, a 
“ lobe.”] Divided into many lobes. 
Mul-ti-loe'u-lar. [Multilocula'- 
ris; from mul'tus, “many,” and loc'ulus, 
a “ cell.”] Having many cells. 
Mul-tl-ner-va'tus.® [From mul'tus, 
“ many,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Ap- 
plied to leaves having many nerves: 
multiner'vate. 
Mul-ti-o-vu-Ia'tus.® [From mul'tus, 
“many,” and o'vulum, a “little egg.”] 
Containing many ovules. 
MuJ-tip'a-rous. [Multip'arus; 
from mul'tus, “ many,-” and pa'rio, to 
“ bring forth young.”] Applied to ani- 
mals bringing forth several young ones 
at a birth. 
Mul'tip-ar-tite, or mul-tc-par'tlt. 
[Mnltiparti'tus; from mul'tus, “ma- 
ny,” and parti'tus, “ divided.”] Divided 
into many parts. 
Mui'tl-pes, p'edis.® [From mul'tus, 
“many,” a “foot.”] Mul'tiped, 
or mul'tipede. Having many feet. Ap- 
plied to the 0niscu8 asellus. See Mil- 
LiPF.n. 
Mul-tl-pet-a-la'tiss.® [From mul'- 
tus, “many,” and pet'alon, a “petal.”] 
Multipet'alous. Having many petals. 
Mul'tl-ple. [Multiplex, plicis; 
from mul'tus, “many,” and pli'eo, to 
“ plait.”] Multiple fruits are those which 
result from the aggregation of several 
flowers (or ovaries) into one mass, as the 
pine-apple. 
Mul-tlp'll-catc. [Mulitiplica'tus; 
from the same.] Applied to flowers 
which become double by the transforma- 
tion of parts of the floral whorls into 
petals. 
Mul-tiv'o-rons. [Miiltiv'orus; 
from mul'tus, “ many,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
vour.”] Devouring much; voracious. 
MUL 
Muniisatio (mu-me-sa'she-o), o 
[From mu'mia, a “mummy.”] The pre- 
servation of a dead body; also called 
Balsamatio. See Embalming. 
Mummification. See Embalming. 
Muin'my. [Mu'mia.] A body which 
has undergone the process of embalming. 
Mumps. The common name for 
Parotitis, which see. 
Mun'riic. A name for iron pyrites. 
Mun'go. The root of the Ophior- 
rliiza mini (/os, supposed to be a specific 
for the bite of the cobra de capello and 
the rattlesnake. 
Muqueux Animal. The French 
term for Mucus, which see. 
Mu'rex.® A genus of shell-fish noted 
for yielding a purple dye, the celebrated 
Tyrian purple of the ancients. 
Mu-rex'an. A name given by Liebig 
to the purpuric acid of Prout. 
Mu-rex'i-a.® A term applied by 
Liebig to what Prout named the purpu- 
rate of ammonia. 
Mu'ri-atc. [Mu'rias, a'f/s.] Ap- 
plied to the chlorides and hydroclilo- 
rates, when muriatic acid was ranged 
among the oxacids. 
Mu'riate of Am-mo'nl-a [Aiti- 
mo'niai Mu'rias], formerly called 
Sal-Am-mo'ni-ac. A white, fibrous 
salt, with a pungent saline taste, but no 
smell. It was formerly imported from 
Ammonia, Egypt, whence its name. 
Muriate of ammonia lias a place in the 
United States and British Pharmaco- 
poeias. It is emploj-ed principally as a 
discutient. 
Mu'rl-at-ed. [Muria'tus.] Com- 
bined with chlorine. 
Mu-ri-at'ie. [Muriaf 'icus; from 
mu'ria, “brine.”] Belonging to, or de- 
rived from, sea-salt. 
Muriat'ic kl. Muri- 
at'icum.] The common name of an 
acid prepared from common salt by the 
action of sulphuric acid. Now frequently 
called hydrochloric acid. Muriatic acid 
is a tonic, refrigerant, and antiseptic, and 
is often administered with advantage in 
low fovers. Sec IIvdrociilouic. 
Mu-rf-at-if'er-MS.® [From mu'ria, 
“brine,” and fc'ro, to “bear.”] Applied 
to bodies containing chlorine, or a com- 
pound of chlorine. 
Mu'r£-catc. [Murica'ius: from 
mu'ricn, a “sharp point”?] Rough, 
with short and hard points. 
Mu-ri-cu-la'tns.® [Diminutive of 
mu'ricn, a “sharp point.”] Furnished 
with small points : muric'ulate. 
MUR 
344 MUR 
MUS 
Muri-dsc.® [From mus, mu'ris, a 
“mouse.”] A name applied to a family 
of the Mammifera Rodentia, having the 
mouse (Ifus) for their type. 
Murmur. See Respiratory Mur- 
mur. 
Musaceav* mu-za'she-e, or Mu'sae.* 
An important natural order of endoge- 
nous plants, mostly tropical. It in- 
cludes the Mu'sa sapien'turn (the plan- 
tain), the fruit of which is perhaps the 
most valuable article of food used in the 
tropics. The Mu'sa tex'tills affords a fibre 
from which fine muslin is made in India. 
Mus'ca,* plural A genus 
of the Dip’tera Atherice’ra, including the 
common house-fly. 
Mus'ca liis-pan-l-o'la.® The blis- 
tering fly. See Cantiiaris. 
Musy:j‘ Vol-I-tan'tes.* (“Hover- 
ing Flies;” Fr. Mouches volantes, moosh' 
vo'loxt'.) An affection of the eyes, in 
which mote-like objects, or those re- 
sembling gnats or small insects, are seen 
to hover before the sight. See Meta- 
jiorpiiopsia. 
SIus'H* [the plural of mus'cus, 
“moss”], or Bryacese,* bri-a'she-e. 
Mosses. A natural order of minute, 
small-leaved cryptogamic plants. They 
usually grow in moist situations, and 
are more common in temperate climates 
than in the tropics. 
[From mus'cus, 
“moss,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] In- 
habiting the mosses. Applied to certain 
minute fungi. 
Mus-sig'e-nns.* [From mus'cus, 
“moss,” and ge'mo, an antique form of 
gig'no, to “produce.”] Produced among 
mosses. Applied to a species of fungus. 
Muscle. See Musculus. 
Muscles, IMseases affecting the. 
See Cineticus. 
Mus'coid. [Muscoi'des; from mus'- 
fiis, “ moss,” and riSos, a “ form.”] Re- 
sembling moss. 
Mus-co-log'I-cal. [Muscolog'icus.] 
Belonging to muscology. 
Mns-col'o-gy. [Mnscolo'gia; from 
mus'cus, “moss,” and Xdyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] That branch of Botany which 
treats of mosses. 
Mais-copH'I-lus.® [From mus’cus, 
“ moss,” and </>iXsa>, to “ lovo.”] Living 
or growing among mosses. 
Musculaire. See Muscular. 
Mus'cu-lar. [Muscula'ris; from 
mus'cuius, a “muscle.”] (Fr. Musculaire, 
miis'kuleR'.) Relating to a muscle, or 
abounding in muscle. 
Mus'cular Fi'bre. [Fibril'la Mus* 
cula'ris.] The fibres composing the 
body of a muscle, disposed in distinet/as- 
ciculi, or bundles, divisible into smaller, 
and these into less. There are two well- 
marked varieties: the striped muscular 
fibre occurs in the voluntary muscles, and 
is named from its conspicuous cross- 
markings; the unstriped muscular fibre 
is found in the alimentary canal, the ute- 
rus, and the bladder, and is destitute of 
such cross-markings. 
Jlus cular Mo tion. [Mo'tio Mus- 
cula'ris.] The motion caused by the 
contraction of the muscles. Muscular 
motions are of three kinds, voluntary, 
involuntary, and mixed, according to 
the character of the muscles by which 
they are performed. 
Muscular Texture or Tissue. See 
Muscular Fibre. 
Mus'cu-li,* gen. Mus-cu-lo'runi, 
the plural of Musculus, which see. 
Mus'culi Pec-tl-na'ti.* (“Pecti- 
nated Muscles.”) [From pec'ten, a 
“comb.”] The name of the muscular 
fasciculi found within the auricles of 
the heart, supposed to resemble the teeth 
of a comb. 
Mus'ru-lo-Cu-ta'ne-ous. [Mus'cu- 
lo-Cuta'neus; from mns'cuius, “mus- 
cle,” and cu'tis, the “skin.”] Belonging 
to, or connected with, the skin and adja- 
cent muscles. Applied to several nerves 
in different parts of the body. 
Mus'cu-lous. [Musculo'sus; from 
mils'cuius, a “muscle.” ] Muscular. 
Mus'cu-lus,* plural Mus'cu-li. 
[Diminutive of mus, a “ mouse;” from its 
resemblance to a flayed mouse.] Muscle, 
the organ (or means) of motion in ani- 
mals. A muscle may be defined as a dis- 
tinct portion of flesh, susceptible of con- 
traction and relaxation, by which motion 
and action, voluntary, involuntary, and 
mixed, are produced. 
Mus'culns Cu-ta'ne-us.* (“Cuta- 
neous Muscle.”) The Platysma Myodes, 
which see. 
Mus'cus.*' [From gooxos, a “ young, 
tender shoot.”] The Latin word for 
“moss.” See Musci. 
Mus'c us Cra'nI-i Hii-mani. 
(“Moss of the Human Skull.”) See 
Lichen Saxatilis. 
Mus'cus Is-lan'dl-cus.* (“Iceland 
Moss. ) The Cetra'ria Islam'dica, or 
Li'chen Islam'dicus. 
Mu-se'um.® [From noma, a “muse;” 
because the Muses were supposed to 
preside over learning, art, and science.] 
345 MUS 
MYC 
Originally, a place consecrated to the 
Muses; a study, library, etc. A collec- 
tion of curious objects in nature and 
art, but more especially of the former. 
The name is said to have been first given 
by Ptolemy Philadelplius to that part of 
the royal palace at Alexandria in which 
was contained the famous library. 
Mushroom. See Agakicus. 
Mu'sI-co-Ma'iiI-a.* A species of 
Melancholia, characterized by an extreme 
fondness for music. 
Musk. See Moschtts. 
Mu'so-Ma'nI-a.* Applied to the va- 
riety of tarantismus in which the patients 
are music-mad. See Musico-Mania. 
Mussel, Ed'I-ble. The Mytilus 
Edueis, which see. 
Mus-si-ta't ion. ! Mussitu't io. o'nis; 
from mus'sito, mussita'turn, to “mutter.”] 
Muttering; a morbid symptom consist- 
ing in the movement of the lips of the 
sick without the production of articulate 
sounds. 
Must. [Mus'tum.] Juice of the 
grape newly expressed; by fermentation 
it becomes wine. 
Mus'tard. [Lat. Sina'pis; Fr. Mou- 
tarde, moo'taiid'.] The seeds of Sinapis 
alba and S. nigra reduced to flour, and 
deprived of their fixed oil by expression. 
Mu'ta-cisin. [Mutaeis'inus: from 
mu'tus, “mute,” “dumb.”] Inability to 
enunciate properly certain mute letters, 
especially the labial consonants b, p, and 
in; leading to their frequent repetition, 
or the substitution of other letters for 
them. 
Mu-tl-la'tion. [Mutila'tio. o'nis; 
from mu'tilo, mutila'tum, to “maim,” to 
“ mangle.”] The condition which results 
from the loss or excision of a member, 
organ, or part. 
Mutisine. See Mutitas. 
Mu’ti-tas, a 'tie.* [From mu'tus, 
“dumb.”] (Fr. Mntismc, mu'tXzm'.) 
Dumbness; inability to articulate. A 
genus of the order Dyscinesix, class Lo- 
cales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Mutitas A-toui-ca. (“Atonic 
Dumbness.”) Dumbness arising from 
an affection of the nerves of the tongue. 
Mu titas Or-gau'I-ca.® (“Organic 
Dumbness.”) Dumbness resulting from 
removal or injury of the tongue. 
Mu titas Sur-do'rtun.* (“Dumb- 
ness of the Deaf.”) Dumbness arising 
from having been born deaf, or having 
become so in infancy. 
My-ftl'gl-a.* [From prig, a “muscle,” 
and liXyog, “ pain.”] Pain in the muscles. 
My-ftl'&ic. [Myal'gicns.] Belong. 
ing to myalgia. 
My-as-the-ni'a.iif [Prom /<£?, a “mus- 
cle,” ami liu&ifl, “ debility.”] Muscular 
debility. 
My-as-then'ic. [Myasthen'icns.] 
Belonging to myasthenia. 
H-uin.* [From pvnx, a “ fun- 
gus.”] The filamentous expansion from 
which the fructification of a fungus is 
developed. 
My-cct-o-£en'«>-sls.* [From pww, 
/ivxrjTOs, “ mushroom,” and ybtxng, “ gene- 
ration.”] The origin, or first develop- 
ment, of mushrooms. 
[From pvicris, a 
“mushroom,” and cllo;, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a mushroom. 
JIj-t<‘-tol o-sry. [Mycetolrt 'g-ia; 
from jtvicris, a “mushroom,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on mushrooms; 
the science of mushrooms. 
My-t*o-dt‘r'ms», mis* [From pimog, 
“ mucus,” and deppa, the “ skin.”] The 
mucous membrane: my'coderm. 
.Myr-o-dcr iiiis. 1 dis* [From pvsrtg, 
a “ mushroom,” and heppa, the “ skin.”] 
A genus of fungous growths, forming 
the crusts of favus. 
My-co-der-mi'tis, 1 dis* [From 
yvKO(, “mucus,” and itppa, the “skin.”] 
Inflammation of a mucous membrane. 
My - o« - dor - mo - spha ' ce - Ins.* 
[From pvsog, “ mucus,” ilppa, the “ skin,” 
and spha'celusi] Sphacelus, or gangrene 
of a mucous membrane. 
My-co-di-ar-rtioe n.® [From pvKog, 
“mucus,” and 6tnfpo:a, a “flow from 
the bowels.”] Mucous or pituitous diar- 
rhoea. 
My-co-dys-en-te'rs-a.* [From 
yvKo;, “mucus,” and huocvrtpia, “dysen- 
tery.”] Mucous or pituitous dysentery. 
jHy-co-dysp-iKc'a.s [From pisog, 
“mucus,” and ivom’oia, “difficulty of 
breathing.”] Mucous or pituitous dysp- 
noea. 
My-eo-gas-tri'tis. idis.* [From 
prsog, “ mucus,” and gastri'tis, “inflam- 
mation of the stomach.”] Mucous gas- 
tritis. 
My-eo-i’des.* [From pvicris, a “ fun- 
gus.’-] Resembling a fungus; fungoid. 
See Spongoides. 
My-col 'o-sry- [Myoolo'gia s from 
pvvrn, a “ mushroom,” and Xdyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] A treatise on mushrooms; or 
the science of the fungi. 
My-c«i»li-tl>al'inl-a.* [From yvicrts, 
a “ mushroom,” and 6ip9a\p6g, the “ eye.”] 
Fungous inflammation of the eye. 
346 MYC 
MYL 
My-co'sls.* [From yvxog, “ mucus.”] 
A mucous polypus. 
Mj -co'sis.* [From yvxrig, a “ fun- 
gus.”] A fungous fleshy tumor. 
My-dri a-sis.* [From yilog, “mois- 
ture”?] A preternatural dilatation of 
the pupil; or, according to some writers, 
weakness of sight resulting from an ex- 
cess of watery humors. 
My-e-liil'gl-a.* [FromyveXog, “mar- 
row,” and ahyog, “ pain.”] Pain in the 
spinal marrow. 
Belonging to 
myelalgia: myelal'gic. 
My-e-lan-si-lo'sis.* [From yveXog, 
“marrow,” and dvdXctxng, “wasting.”] 
Tabes dorsalis, or wasting of the spinal 
marrow. 
Myel-ap-o-plext-n.' [From yveXdg, 
“marrow,” and dTTOir\n\ia, “stupor,” 
“apoplexy.”] Apoplexy of the spinal 
marrow; haemorrhage or discharge of 
blood into the spinal marrow. 
My-e-la'ri-us.® [Fromyvs\6g, “mar- 
row.”] Having a spinal marrow. A 
term applied to vertebrated animals. 
My'e-la-tro'phl-a.* [From y>t\6g, 
“ marrow,” and drpoipta, “ wasting.”] 
Tabes dorsalis, or wasting of the spinal 
marrow. See Myelanalosis. 
My-e-la-tropH'I-cus.® Belonging 
to myelatrophia. 
My-e-lanx'e.* [From yvcXdg, “mar- 
row,” and av\n, “increase.”] Morbid 
increase of the spinal marrow. 
My'e-len-<;epl»'a-lus.':S [From /r>r- 
Xog, “ marrow,” also “ brain,” and iysiyaXog, 
“within the head.”] Having a brain; 
belonging to the brain. 
My-e-let-e-ro'sls.® [From pntXog, 
“ marrow,” and trlpoxrig, “ alteration.”] 
Morbid alteration of the spinal marrow. 
My'e-IIne. [From yvcXog, “marrow.”] 
Applied by Virchow to the medullary mat- 
ter filling the space between the axis-cyl- 
inder and sheath of the nerve-fibres. 
My-e-li'tis.* [FromyvcXAg, “marrow.”] 
Inflammation of the spinal marrow. 
My'e-lo-dl-as'ta-sis.® [From yvc\6g, 
“ marrow,” and diaaraaig, a “separation.”] 
Disintegration of the spinal marrow. 
-My'e-loid. [Myeloi'«Ies; from 
yvcXog, “marrow,” or “brain,” and cllog, 
a “form.”] Resembling marrow. 
My-e-lo'ina, atisJ* [From yvc\6g, 
“marrow.”] Medullary tumor; a tumor 
containing a brain-like substance. 
Myelomalacia* (-la'she-a). [From 
ficXig, “ marrow,” and yaXasia, “ softness.”] 
Softening of the spinal marrow. 
Mye-lo-men-in-gitis, itZt*.* 
[From yve\6g, “ marrow,” and yf/riyZ, a 
“membrane.”] Inflammation of the 
theca, or membrane investing the spinal 
marrow. 
My'e-lo-meHinx.* [From the 
same.] The theca, or tough hard mem- 
brane enclosing the spinal marrow. 
My-e-iom'y-cjy,* or tlj-e-lmiij- 
i‘es, e'tis.* [From yvcXdg, “marrow,” 
and nmris, a “ fungus.”] The same as 
Myeloma, which see. 
My'e-lon.® [From ftvcXdg, “marrow.”] 
A term used by Owen for the Medal'la 
spina'lis. 
My-el'o-mal. [Myelona'lis.] Be- 
long to the myelon. 
My'e-lo-neu'ra.® [From yveXSg, 
“marrow,” and rcifov, a “nerve.”] The 
name given by Rudolphi to a group of 
articulated animals, because their ner- 
vous (or ganglionic) system consists of a 
cord analogous to the spinal marrow of 
higher animals. 
My-e-lopIi'tM-sis.® [From yrehog, 
“ marrow,” and tpdlatg, a “ wasting.”] 
The same as Myelanalosis, which see. 
My-e-lo'sis.* The formation or 
growth of myeloma. 
My'e-lo-spon'gus.* [From ynXog, 
“marrow,” and tnruyyog, a “sponge,” or 
“fungus.”] Medullary fungus. The 
same as Myeloma, which see. 
My-e-ner-gi'a.* [From yvg, a 
“muscle,” and irepyeia, “ energy.”] Mus- 
cular energy. 
My-e-mer'gx-cus.* Belonging to 
myenergia. 
My-cn'ta-sis.9 [From yvg, a “mus- 
cle,” and cvrao-tg, a “ slretehing.”] A 
stretching or extending of the muscles. 
My-itis, idis* [From yvg, a “mus- 
cle.”] A term for inflammation of a 
muscle. 
Myl'o-don, ©ii'iis.® [From /h>Xij, a 
“mill,” or “molar tooth,” and Along, a 
“ tooth.”] An extinct gigantic animal 
of the sloth tribe, some remains of which, 
including molar teeth, have been found. 
MjIXhIhs, don'tis.* [From the 
same.] A molar tooth. 
Myl-o-glos'sus.* [From puX;?, a 
“mill,” or “molar tooth,” and yX'iooa, the 
“tongue.”] Applied to some muscular 
fibres, arising frpm the lower jaw near 
the molar teeth, and inserted into the 
base of the tongue and walls of the 
pharynx. It is considered to be a portion 
of the Constrictor pharyngis superior. 
My'lo-IIy-o-i'de-ns.* [From /AX>7, 
a “mill,” and, hence, the molar teeth, 
and Os hyoi'des, the “hyoid bone.”] A 
347 MYL 
MYO 
triangular muscle, arising from the inside 
of the lower jaw, between the molar 
teeth and the chin, and inserted into the 
Oa hyoidea. It raises the Os hyoidea, or 
depresses the jaw. 
My'lo-I*Iiar-yn-£e'us.® One of the 
muscles of the pharynx, called also the 
constrictor superior. 
My-o-car-di’tis.® [From pvs, pv6s, a 
“muscle,” and aapita, the “heart.”] In- 
flammation of the muscles of the heart. 
i dis.* [From 
pi>s, pvos, a “ muscle,” and the 
“ head.”] Inflammation of the muscles 
of the head. 
Jly-o-Cte-fl-rilgl-ii.* [From pits, 
pvos, a “muscle,” aoiXia, the “belly,” and 
uXyoj, “ pain.”] Pain in the muscles of 
the abdomen. 
My-o-cee-II-i'tis, id is* [From pvs, 
pv6s, a “muscle,” and koi\ux, “belly.”] In- 
flammation of the abdominal muscles. 
My-o'deS.® [G r.pocobris; trom pvs, pvos, 
a “muscle.”] Like muscle; of the nature 
of muscle. See Platysma Myodes. 
[From pita, 
a “fly,” dSos, a “form,” and bipts, 
“sight.”] The same as Metamor- 
phopsia. 
My-o-dy-na'mi-a.® [From pvs, a 
“muscle,” and bvrapts, “power.”] Mus- 
cular strength or power: myodyn'amy. 
My-o-dy-naiii-i-om'c-ter. [Myo- 
dynainiom'etrum; from pvs, a 
“muscle,” ibrapts, “power,” and p&pov, a 
“ measure.”] An instrument for as- 
certaining the amount of muscular 
power. 
My-o-dyn'I-a.® [From pvs, a “mus- 
cle,” and o&irrt, “pain.”] Pain in a 
muscle. 
My-o-gas'ter.® [From pvs, a “ mus- 
cle,” and yaorrtp, the “ belly.”] The 
belly or thick portion of a muscle. 
My-o-gras'trlc. [Myogas'tricus.] 
Belonging to the belly of a muscle. 
My-o-grapli'ic. [Myograph'icus.] 
Belonging to myography. 
My-og'ra-phy. [Myogra'phia; 
from pvs, a “muscle,” and ypatjno, to 
“ write.”] A description of the muscles. 
My-o-i des.; [From pi>s, a “mus- 
cle,” and eiSos, a “form.”] Resembling 
muscle, or flesh : my'oifl. 
My-o-lein'ma, afis.* [From pvs, a 
“ muscle,” and \ippa, a “covering.”] 
The delicate membranous envelopment 
of each fibril of fleshy or muscular fibre. 
See Sarcolemma. 
My'o-llne. [Myoli'na; from pvs, a 
“muscle.”] A name for the elemen- 
tary substance or tissue 'composing the 
muscles. 
My-o-lo&'ic. [Myolog'ious.] Be- 
longing to myology. 
My-olo-fey. [Myolo'gia; from pvs, 
a “muscle,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on the muscles, their nature, 
structure, and functions. That branch 
of Anatomy which treats of the muscles. 
Myomalacia,* mi-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From pvs, a “muscle,” and paXaxia, 
“ softness.”] Softening of the muscles 
or flesh. 
My-on'o-sos,® or My-on'o-sus.® 
[From /its, a “ muscle,” and v6oos, “ dis- 
ease.”] Disease of a muscle. See My- 
opathia. 
My-o-pAI'mns.® [From pvs, a 
“muscle,” and 7raX/idj, a “rapid motion.”] 
A nervous movement or twitching of 
the muscles or tendons; aubaul'tua ten'di- 
num. 
My-o-pa-1lii'a.* [From pvs, a 
“ muscle,” and ttoOos, “ affection,” or 
“disease.”] Severe muscular pains in 
the neighborhood of the womb, and in- 
terfering with its action. 
My-o-path'I-cus.® Belonging to 
myopathia. 
My-op'ic. [Myop'icus.] Belong- 
ing to myopy. 
My-o-pol-y-plas-i-as'mus,® or 
My-o-|M>-lyp'la-sis.® [From pvs, a 
“muscle,” no\vs, “many,” and jrAcunj, a 
“formation,” or “moulding.”] A model- 
ling of the numerous muscles, represented 
lying over each other. 
Myoporacese,* mi-o-po-ra'she-e. 
[From Myop'orum, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in Australia, and other tropical 
regions. It includes the Avicennia 
(White Mangrove) of Brazil, which is 
used for tanning. 
Myo-py. [Myo'pia; from pvto, to 
“contract,” to “close,” and <kp, the 
“eye;” because near-sighted people par- 
tially close the eyes when looking at dis- 
tant objects.] Near-sightedness. 
My-or-rlieu'ma, arts.® [From pvs, 
a “muscle,” and psiipa, a “flow,” or 
“rheum.”] The lancinating pains of 
rheumatism. See Rheumatism. 
My-or-rhcx'is.® [From pvs, a 
“ muscle,” and pn£is, a “ rupture.”] La- 
ceration of one or more muscles. 
My-o-scen-o-gra'phl-a.® [From 
pvs, a “ muscle,” and oariiioypa-pia, the 
“art of scene-painting.”] A pictorial 
representation of tho muscles: myo- 
scenog'raphy. 
348 MYO 
My-o'sis.* [From pvm, to “con- 
tract.”] Contraction, or too small per- 
foration, of the pupil of the eye. 
My-o-si’tis, idis.* [From pvs, a 
“muscle.”] Inflammation of a muscle. 
My-o-spas'mns.* [From pvs, a 
“muscle,” and mraopdg, a “convulsion.”] 
Spasm or cramp of a muscle. 
My-os'ti-cus.* [From pvs, “muscle,” 
and otjTioy, “ bone.”] Belonging to bone 
and muscle. Applied to certain diseases. 
My-o-te-not'o-my. [Myotenoto'- 
lniu; from yvs, a “muscle,” rmor, a 
“tendon,” and rtyvco, to “cut.”] The 
division or section of tendons. 
My-ot'o-my. [Myoto'mia; from 
yv(, a “ muscle,” and rcyi/to, to “ cut.”] 
Dissection of the muscles. 
My 1-I-j.i-can'thus.® [From yvpio;, 
“ numberless,” and axavda, a “ spine.”] 
Having numerous spines or prickles. 
Applied to certain plants. 
Myr-I-aji'thus.* [From yvpioy, 
“numberless,” and iirOof, a “flower.”] 
Having numerous flowers. 
Myr-I-ap'o-da,* or Myr'i-a-iKHls. 
[From pnpios, “numberless,” and -oik, a 
“ foot.”] The name of a class of Artivu- 
lata. 
Myr-i-isp'o-diis.® [From the same.] 
Having an indeterminate number of 
feet: centipede : myriapodous. 
My-ri'ca Ce-rif'e-ra.* The Wax 
Myrtle, or Bay-berry plant, the berries 
of which yield a substance very similar 
to the Cera jlava of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Myricacese,* mir-e-ka'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, found 
in India, the temperate parts of North 
America, and the tropics of South Ame- 
rica. They are aromatic trees or shrubs, 
including the Myri'ca cerif'era, from 
which wax is obtained, and Compto'nia, 
which is astringent and tonic. 
MyrT-o-gTamme. [From pvpiot, 
“ ten thousand,” and gramme.'] A 
French weight, equal to 22 pounds, 1 
ounce, and 2 drachms avoirdupois. 
Myrlolitre, mir'e-o-16tr'. [From 
pvpiot, “ten thousand,” and li'tre.] A 
French measure, equal to 2200 gallons, 
7 pints, 13 fluidounces, 4 fluidrachms, 
and 48 minims imperial. 
Myriometre, mir'e-o-me't’r. (French 
pronunciation mi'rc'o'nietu'.) [From 
pvpiot, “ ten thousand,” and metre.] A 
French measure of length, equal to 6 
miles, 1 furlong, 156 yards, and 6 
inches. 
Myr-I-o-pbyl'lons. [Myriophyl'» 
liis; from pvpiot, “ ten thousand,” “ num- 
berless,” and <j>vXb/>v, a “leaf.”] Literally, 
“having ten thousand leaves.” Hav- 
ing an indefinitely great number of 
leaves. 
My-ris'ti-ca.® [From pvpiot,j, to 
“anoint with ointment.”] A Linnsean 
genus of the class Dicecia, natural order 
Myrisiicacese. Also, the Pharmacopceial 
named of the kernel of the fruit of the 
Myris'tica moscha'ta, or Nutmeg, other- 
wise called Myris'tica ofjiciua'lis, or 
Myris'tica fra'grans. 
Myris'tica Ar-o-mat'I-ca.* One 
of the names for the nutmeg-tree. 
Myris'tica Mos-cha'ta.* The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which produces 
the nutmeg and mace. 
Myristicaceae,-*- me-ris-te-ka'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous tropical 
trees, most abundant in the East Indies. 
It includes the Myris'tica moscha’ta, 
which produces two important spices, 
the nutmeg and mace. The nutmeg is 
the kernel, or seed, and mace is the 
aril which envelopes the seed. 
My-ris'ti-vse Mos-cba'tse W- 
cle-i.* (“Kernels of the Myristica 
moschata.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(Dub. Ph.) for the nutmeg. 
Myristiccus,* mir-is-tish'e-us. 
[From Myris'tica, the “ nutmeg-tree.”] 
Resembling the genus Myristica. 
My-ris'ti-cin. [Myristici'na.] 
A name given to stereoptene, which is 
deposited by the oil of the Caryophyllus 
aromaticus. 
My-rob'a-lan, My-ro-bal'a-iins.* 
[From pvpov, “ointment,” and 0a\aiof, an 
“acorn,” or any similar fruit.] A dried 
Indian fruit of the plum kind, of differ- 
ent species of Terminalia. The myrob- 
alans are said to have laxative as well 
as astringent properties. 
My-ropho-rum.® [From pvpor, an 
“ointment,” pnd ipipo), to “carry.”] An 
“ Ointment-Bearer.” An instrument for 
applying ointment through the narrow 
internal openings. 
My r-o-spcr'miiin.•* [From pvpov, 
an “ ointment,” and tnreppa, a “ seed.”] 
A genus of the Linnman class Diandria, 
natural order Legumiitosw. 
Myrosper'ismm Per-u-lf'cr-iim.* 
One of the names of the tree which 
yields Balsamum Peruviamitn. 
Myrospcr'imim Tol-u-ta'imin.® 
The tree which (according to the Lond., 
Ed., and U.S. Ph.) affords Balsamum To- 
lutanum. 
My-r«x'y*lon.® [From pvpov, an 
“ ointment,” and \v\ov, “ wood.”] A 
MYR 
349 Linnaaan genus of the class Diandria, 
natural order Leguminosm. 
Myrox'ylou Per-u-iff'er-mn.* 
Another name for the Myrospermum Per- 
uiferum. 
Myrrh. See Mykrha. 
Myrrh, False. See Bdellium. 
Myr'rha,* gen. Myr'rhse. Myrrh. 
The Pharmacopoeial name || of the gum- 
resin from the Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha. 
Myrsinacese,* mir-se-na'she-e. 
[From Mymi'ne, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, nearly all tropical. 
Myrtaceee, * mir-ta'she-e, or 
Myr'ti.® An important natural order 
of exogenous plants (trees or shrubs), 
natives of hot countries, within and 
without the tropics. It includes the 
Myr'tus (Myrtle), the Clove-tree (Caryo- 
phyl'lus), and Pomegranate (Pu'nicg), 
which is tonic, astringent, and anthel- 
mintic. A fragrant aromatic or pun- 
gent volatile oil abounds in this order. 
Myr-tii'ceous. [Myrta'ceus.] Re- 
sembling the myrtle. 
Myr'ti,® the plural of Myr'tus, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Myrtaceas. 
Myr'tl-lbrm. [Myrtif'or'mis; 
from myr'tum, a “ myrtle-berry.”] Like 
the myrtle leaf (or berry?). See Carun- 
CULyE MyRTIFORMES. 
Myr'tle. The Myrtue communis. 
MYR 
Myr'tle, I>warf. [Chaniaiinyr'- 
tus.] A name for the ltuseus aculeatus. 
Myr-to-i'deS.® [From pipros, the 
“myrtle.”] Resembling the Myrtus. 
Myr'tus,® plural Myr'ti. [Gr. yvp- 
ro;.] The myrtle-tree. A Limuean genus 
of the class Icosandria, natural order 
Myrtaceee. 
Myr'tus Pbmen'ta.* The tree which 
produces Jamaica pepper, or allspice. 
Mys-ta'chf-al. [Mystarhia'lis; 
from pwrra(, the “upper lip,” or the beard 
on it.] Belonging to the upper lip. 
Mys'tax, a'eis.® [Gr. The 
upper lip; also, the hair on the uppei 
lip, or moustache. 
Myt-I-lo-i'des.® [From myt'ilus, the 
“mussel,” and iliaa “form.”] Resem- 
bling the mytilus, or mussel. 
Myt'i-lus E-dn'Iis.* (“Edible 
Mussel.”) A shell-fish found in vast 
beds in the European seas. It is often 
poisonous: sometimes producing, in those 
who eat it, all the symptoms of Urticaria. 
Myx-a-col'i-ca.® [From pfifa, “mu- 
cus,” and col’ica, the “colic.”] A mu- 
cous or pituitous colic. 
Myx-o'ma,* plural Myx-o'ma-ta. 
[From yv\a, “mucus.”] Applied by Vir- 
chow to certain tumors which contain 
mucus in their intercellular substance. 
My-yalro-o'stis, id in* [From p%, a 
“ muscle,” and hydrocys'tis, a “ hydatid.”] 
A hydatid in the flesh. • 
NAN 
K 
N. — Noc'te* “At night.” 
Na-bo'tbi tilau'du-Iav* Nabo'thi 
O'vn-la,® Nabo'thi Ve-sien-la1.* 
(“Glands, Ovules, or Vesicles of Na- 
both.”) Applied to small glandular 
bodies within the mouth of the uterus; 
first described by Naboth. 
Nabo'tlii, Mcn-or-rha'gf-a.* 
(“Menorrhagy of Naboth.”) A serous 
discharge from the vagina of pregnant 
women, first noticed by Naboth. 
Jfae're-oiis. [Lat. Jfa'creus; Fr. 
Nacre, “ mother of pearl.”] Belonging 
to mother of pearl. 
Na'dir. [From the Arabic.] The 
point in the heavens directly under our 
feet, and opposite to the zenith. 
Sse'vns,* plural Nae'vi. A natural 
mark or blemish. 
vus Ma-ter'nns.* (“Maternal 
Mark.”) A mark on the skin from birth, 
the effect, as is said, of the mother’s long- 
ing for, or aversion to, particular objects, 
or of some accidental occurrence affect- 
ing her own person during pregnancy. 
Naiadacese,® na-a-da'she-e, or Sai1- 
a-deS.* [From vaiuj, vaiaio;, a “ water- 
nymph.”] A natural order of endogenous 
aquatic plants, found within and with- 
out the tropics, in salt water and fresh. 
It includes the Na'jas or Na'ias. 
Nail. (Fr. Ongle, 6xgl.) An append- 
age consisting of a semi-transparent sub- 
stance, resemlding horn, attached to the 
dorsal extremities of the fingers and toes. 
The finger-nails servo not merely to pro- 
tect the part which they cover, but to 
give greater firmness or resistance to the 
ends of the fingers, in their attempt to 
lay hold of any small object. 
Nain, naK*. The French term for 
“dwarf.” See Nanus. 
Jfa-nis'mus.® [From vavog, or vdmo;, 
a “dwarf,” or “dwarfed.”] A term ap~ 
350 NAN 
NAT 
plied by Geoffroy St. Hilaire to a genus 
of anomalies which characterize dwarfs. 
Nan-keen' I lye. A dye made by 
boiling annotto and carbonate of potash 
in water; about an ounce of each to a 
pint of water. 
Nan-o-^eph'a-1 us.® [From vavo;, a 
“dwarf,” or “dwarfed,” and KttpaXij, the 
“head.”] A dwarfish or diminutive 
head. 
Nan-o-i ties.® [From raro;, a “dwarf,” 
and cido(, a “form.”] Resembling a 
dwarf; dwarf-like. 
Na-nom'e-lus.* [From varo$, a 
“dwarf,” and /dAoj, a “limb.”] A mon- 
ster with dwarfish limbs. 
Na nus. ’ [Gr.vavos; Fr. Nain, naN0.] 
Dwarf; stunted in stature, so as to be 
below the ordinary height and size of 
those of the same species. 
Nape of the Neck. [Nn'clia.] 
The back part of the neck, including the 
projecting spinous process of the seventh 
cervical vertebra. 
Naph'tha.* [Gr. vn<p6a.] A pale- 
yellow, but very pure, clear, inflammable 
liquid of the bituminous kind. 
Naph'tha Vit-ri'o-li.* A name for 
sulphuric ether. 
Napli-thal'I-din. [Naphthaliili'- 
na; from naphthali'na.] A new base, 
produced by the action of reducing 
agents on naphthalin. 
Naph tha-lin, or Naph'tha-line. 
[Naphthali'na; from naph'tha.] A 
grayish-white substance formed in the 
rectification of the petroleum of coal-gas 
works. 
Nap-I-fo'lI-us.® [From na’pus, a 
“turnip,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing leaves like the turnip: napifo'lious. 
Nap'i-form. [From na'pus, a “tur- 
nip.”] A term applied to one of the 
textures of cancer, the bunioid of Bayle. 
Nar-cis'si,® the plural of Narcis'- 
sn*, forming the Jussieuan name of a 
natural order of plants. They are now 
included in Amaryllidacex. 
Nar-cis'stis.® The Linnaean name of 
a genus of plants, class Ilexandria, natu- 
ral order Amaryllidacex. 
Nar-co'de£.® [From vapsu, “stupor.”] 
Having, or causing, stupor; narcose, or 
narcous. 
Nar-co'ma, a[From the same.] 
Stupor, or the state of being under the 
influence of narcotic medicine. 
Nar-com'a-tous. [From the same.] 
Pertaining to narcoma. 
Nar-co'sis.® [From the same.] The 
progress of narcoma. 
Nar-co-spas'mns.* [From vap/cn, 
“stupor,” and cvaayof, a “convulsion.”] 
Cramp or spasm, with an appearance of 
stupor. 
Nar-cot'ic. [Narcot'icus.] Belong- 
ing to narcosis. Applied to a medicine 
that induces sleep, or stupor. 
Narco-tin, or .Var co-liite. [Xar- 
coti'na; from vapKow, to “stupify.”] 
An active principle of opium; also called 
Derosne’s Salt, from its discoverer, and 
Opiane. It is procured by digesting 
opium in sulphuric ether. 
Nar'co-ti&m. [Xarcotis'mus; 
from vapKt], “stupor.”] The influence 
produced by narcotic substances. 
Na'roS,* gen. Na'ri-um, the plural 
of Naris, which see. 
Na'ris,* plural Na'rcS. The “nos- 
tril;” a cavity of a pyramidal form in 
each side of the nose, or of the septum 
of the nostrils. 
Xar'ttiex, e'cis.* [Gr. vapdri£.] The 
Ferula, a tall umbelliferous plant, with a 
slight knotted pithy stalk. See next 
article. 
Xar'thex As-sa-foet'I-da,® or Nar'- 
thex Fer'u-la.® The plant the root of 
which yields assafoetida. 
Nasal. [Nasa'lis; from na'sus, the 
“nose.”] Belonging to the nose; uttered 
through the nose. 
Nasal Duct. See Ductus ad Na- 
sum. 
Nasal Fos'ssr. [Fos'sje Nasa'lcs; 
from fos'sa, a “ ditch.”] Two irregular 
compressed cavities extending backwards 
from the nose to the pharynx, and con- 
stituting the internal part of the nose. 
Nascent State. [From nas'cens, 
the present participle of nas'cor, to “be 
born.”] The state of gases at the mo- 
ment of their elimination, before they 
have acquired their full volume or their 
repulsive power. 
Na'sus,® genitive Na'si, accusative 
Na'siun. (Fr. Ncz, n&.) The “ nose,” 
composed of the dorsum, or bridge, the 
alee, or wings, the septum, or partition, 
the lobe, or tip, and the columna, or lower 
thickened portion of the septum. 
Na'tant. [Na'tans; from na'to, na- 
ta'tnm, to “swim.”] Floating on the 
surface; swimming, as leaves or flowers. 
Nat-a-to'reS.® [Plural of nata'tor, 
natato'ris, a “swimmer;” from the same.] 
“ Swimmers.” An order of swimming 
birds, including those whose toes are 
united by a membrane; whence the order 
is also termed Palmip'edes. 
Na'tefc.® [A Latin word which is 
351 cither plural or singular, but used mostly 
in the plural.] The buttocks. 
Na'tes CSr'e-brl.* The two ante- 
rior of the Tubercula quadrigemina. 
Jfa'trl-um.* A term formerly ap- 
plied to sodium. 
Na tron,® or Na'trum.® A native 
carbonate of soda which is found in 
Egypt; in popular language, “soda.” 
It is the nitre of the Bible. 
Na'trinn Vit-ri-o-la'tuin.® (“Vit- 
riolated Soda.”) A name of Glauber’s 
Salt. 
Nat'u-ral. [Natura'lis; from natu’- 
ra, “nature.”] Belonging to nature; pro- 
duced according to the ordinary laws of 
nature. 
Nat ural Ilis'to-ry. [Histo'ria 
Natura'lis.] Literally, the “history or 
description of nature.” The science 
which treats of the natural products of 
the earth, whether animals, vegetables, 
or minerals. See Physics. 
Nat'ural Or'ders. Groups of gen- 
era which resemble each other in the 
most essential features and intrinsic 
qualities; or groups of genera which are 
supposed to bear a greater resemblance 
to each other than to any thing else. 
Nat'ural IMii-Ios'o-pIiy. [i*hilo- 
so'pliia Natura'lis.] The science which 
treats of the properties of natural bodies, 
and their actions on each other, or which 
treats of the phenomena and laws of the 
material world: physics. See Physics. 
Nat-u-ra'li-a.® [Plural neuter of 
natura'lis, “natural.”] The parts of 
generation; the privities. 
Naturals. See Res Naturales. 
Natus Mortuus. See Stillborn. 
Nauclea (lanibir. See Gambir. 
Nausea,® nau'she-a. [From ravg, a 
“ship.”] Originally, “sea-sickness.” 
Any sickness at the stomach, similar to 
sea-sickness. 
Nau'sea Ma-ri'na.® [From nia're, 
the “ sea.”] The Latin for Sea-Sickness. 
Nauseous. [Nauseo'sus; from 
nan'sea.] Producing nausea; disgusting. 
Nau'tl-cal. [Nau'ticus; from vavg, 
a “ ship.”] Belonging to a ship. Ap- 
blied to sea-sickness, termed Morbus 
nauticus. 
Nau'ti-cus Mus'cu-lns.* (“Nauti- 
cal Muscle.”) The Tibia'lis posti’cas, 
because chiefly exerted in climbing as 
sailors do. 
Naii-ti-lo-i'deS.® [From nau'tilus, 
and cihog, a “form.”] Resembling the 
nautilus: nautiloid. 
Nau'tl-lus.® [Gr. vavrCXog, a “ sailor;” 
NAT 
from vau(, a “ship.”] A genus of the 
Testacea (of Cuvier), of which there are 
several species. 
Havel. See Umbilicus. 
Ha'vel-Strins*'. The Fu'nis umhlli- 
ca'lis (otherwise called Funic'ulus umbili- 
ca'lis), or umbilical cord. 
Na-vic'u-lar. [Xavictila'ris; from 
navic'ula, a ‘‘little ship or boat.”] Per- 
taining to a boat or ship; having the 
shape or appearance of a boat. 
Na-vlc-u-la're, Os.* A bone of the 
carpus; also one of the tarsus: named 
from their fancied likeness to a boat. 
Navicularis. Sec Navicular. 
Nav'l-form. [Navifor'nais; from 
na'vis, a “ ship,” or “ boat.”] Resembling 
a boat: navicular. 
Near-Sightedness. See Myopy. 
Neb'u-Ia,® plural Neb'u-lse. [From 
vc<pc\'j, a “cloud.”] Literally, a “mist,” 
a “cloud.” A faintly luminous appear- 
ance, resembling a cloud, in the starry 
firmament. Many of these nebulas have 
been resolved into stars by the power of 
the telescope. Also, a small cloud-like 
spot on the cornea. 
Neb-n-lif'er-ous. [Nebulif 'crus; 
from neb’ula, and fe’ro, to “bear.”] 
Having nebulous spots. 
Neb'n-lons, or Neb'u-lose. [Neb- 
ulo'sus; from ncb’ula.] Literally, 
“ cloudy.” Pertaining to a nebula, or 
resembling a nebula. 
NecU. [Lat. C'ol'lum, and Cer'- 
vix; Gr. rpjy/jXos, and dvxnv, Fr. Cou, 
koo.] In Anatomy, the part between 
the head and thorax. Also, the point 
between the root and stem of plants. 
Nec-ro-M-o'sis.* [From racp<5j, 
“dead,” and (Hog, “life.”] Applied by 
Virchow to “ the spontaneous wearing 
out of living parts.” 
Nec-ro-co-mi'um.* [From vespng, 
a “dead body,” and Kopcoy, to “take care 
of.”] A dead-house. See Morgue. 
Noe-ro-do-vlii'uiu. [From vespog, 
a “dead body,” and doxn, a “ reception.”] 
The same as Necrocomium. 
Nec-rol'o-gy. [Necrolo'g-ia; from 
vttcpdg, a “dead body,” and Xdyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatiso on the dead body. 
Also, a register of deaths, the causes of 
death, and particulars presented on jyost- 
mortem examination. 
Ne-eropEi'a-$jous. [Xecroph'agns; 
from vetepeg, a “dead body,” and <pdyoi, to 
“cat.”] Devouring dead animals, or ani- 
mal substances in a state of decompo- 
sition. Applied to certain insects. 
Ne-croj>'sy. [Necrop'sia; from 
NEC 
352 NEC 
vsKj,6f, a “ dead body,” and Strrogai, to 
“ behold.”] Synonymous with Necros- 
copy. 
Kec-ro-scop'ic, .Vcr-ro-seop i-cal. 
[Neeroscop'ieus.] Belonging to ne- 
croscopy. 
Ke-cros'eo-py. [Necrosco'pia; 
from vtKpos, a “ dead body,” and <7*07700, to 
“ examine.”] The examination of a dead 
body. 
Ne-ero'sis.® [FromvcKpdta, to “kill.”] 
Literally, “ mortification.” Death of a 
bone or part of a bone; analogous to 
the mortification of the soft parts. 
Xec-ro-toui'ic. [Necrotom'icus.] 
Belonging to necrotomy. 
Ne-crot'o-my. [Necroto'mia; 
from rsKpdf, a “dead body,” and rspr<0, to 
“cut.”] Dissection of a dead body; 
otherwise termed Sectio cadaveris. 
Nec-tan'dra.* Bebeeru (or Bibiru) 
Bark. The Pharmacopoeial name || of the 
bark of the Nectanclra Rodiei. It has 
been placed on the primary list of the 
Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for I860. 
Jf ee-tar-if' er-ons. [ Sf eetarif'er- 
ns; from vesrap, the “drink of the gods,” 
also, “honey,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing nectar, or honey; secreting a 
saccharine liquor. 
Nec-ta-ro-the'ca.* [From vUrap, 
“nectar,” or “honey,” and 0t}v>7, a “cov- 
ering.”] Any part which enwraps the 
organ for secreting honey. 
Jfec'ta-rJ. [Necta'riiim; from 
vcKTap, “ nectar,” or “ honey,” and -a'riuni, 
a terminal denoting a “repository.” 
See Herbarium.] That part of a flower 
which contains, or secretes, honey; the 
lioncy-cup. 
Nec-top'o-dus.* [From loixrfe, a 
“swimmer,” and -rov;, a “ foot.”] Having 
finlike tarsi. Applied to certain insects. 
Ne-eu'sl-a.® [From vUvs, a “ dead 
body:” so called on account of its malig- 
nant character.] A poisoned wound. 
Neg'a-tlve Pole. The pole connected 
with the copper (or least oxidizable) 
plate of the galvanic battery. 
Negro Cachexia, or Cachexin 
Africana. See CiinioxopnAGiA. 
Nelumbiaeeas,® ne-lum-be-a'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous aquatic 
plants, found in stagnant or quiet waters 
in temperate and tropical regions. 
It consists, according to Lindley, of one 
genus, the Nelum'bium. The mythic 
Lotus which occurs on the monuments 
of India and Egypt, is supposed to have 
been the Nelumbium epeciosum. 
Nem-a-to-ce-ra'tiis.* [From viipa, 
a “thread,” and scpas, a “horn.”] Hav- 
ing filiform horns or antennae. 
Nem'a-toiri. [Neinatoi'ries; from 
vfipui, a “thread,” and ciios, a “form.”] 
Resembling a thread. 
Neni-a-to-neu'rus.* [From vnpa, a 
“ thread,” and nevpov, a “ nerve.”] Hav- 
ing thread-like nerves. 
Ne'me-ous. [ \e ineus; from rrjpa, 
a “thread.”] Filamentose; composed 
of threads, as some eryptogamous plants. 
Nem -o-l»l as' t u s.® [From vnpa, a 
“thread,” and /?Aa<rros, a “germ.”] Ap- 
plied to filiform embryos, as of mosses 
and ferns. 
Ne-mos'er-us.* The same as Nema- 
toceratus, which see. 
Ncm-o-glos-sa'tusA [From vnpa, a 
“thread,” and yXCxsca, the “tongue.”] 
Having a filiform tongue. 
Nem'o-rous. [Neinoro'stis; from 
ne'mns, item'oris, a “ grove.”] Belonging 
to a wood, or grove : nem'orose. 
»-og'ii-Ia, ac'tisN [From vcog, 
“new,” and yuKa, “milk.”] The Colos- 
trum, or first milk of the mother after 
childbirth. 
\(M>-gn-lac'tl-cns.‘: Belonging to 
the neogala: neogalac'tic. 
\e-o-natus,' plural Jfc-o-na’ti, 
genitive plural Nc-o-na-to'rum. [From 
ring, “new,” and na’tus, “ born.”] (Fr. 
Nouveau-ne, noo'vo' n&.) A word signi- 
fying “newly-born,” and occurring in 
such phrases as Asphyxia Neonatorum 
(“Asphyxia of New-born [Children”].) 
See Asphyxia Neopiiytorum. 
Mepemthacese,*nep-en-tlia'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, natives of swamps in China and 
India. It consists of a single genus, 
Ncpen'the (Pitcher-Plant), in the dilated 
pitcher-shaped petiole of which water is 
secreted. 
Ne-pen'tSseS.* [From vrj, negative, 
and rJ-’Oo;, “ grief.”] A medicine men- 
tioned by the ancient writers as having 
power to banish sorrow. It is supposed 
by some to have been opium. 
Xcp'e-ta Ca-ta'rl-a.* The syste- 
matic name for catnep. See Cataria. 
Sep'eta Vnl-ga'ris.* The same as 
Nepeta Cataria. See Cataria. 
Jfeph'e-laA [From vt<p&ri, a “cloud.”] 
The same as Nebula, which sec. 
Jfe-phel'l-cns.® Belonging to the 
nephelium : nephel'ic. 
Ne-phe'li-um.* [Diminutive of vc- 
<[>ekn, a “ cloud.”] A spot on the cornea. 
Nepta-e-lo'dc$.* [From a 
NEP 
353 NEP 
NER 
“cloud.”] The same as Nebulous, 
which see. 
Nepli-el-o-doin'e-ter. [Nephelo- 
(lom'etriim; from vcpcXfi, a “cloud,” 
and bioperpni), an “instrument for mea- 
suring distances.”] An instrument for 
ascertaining the distances of the clouds. 
Nepli-e-Io-i'des.* [From vepeXn, a 
“cloud,” and ddo;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a little cloud : neph'eloid. 
IVepli-o-lol o-gy. [Neplielolo'ffia; 
from vepeXn, a “ cloud,” and XiSyo,-, a “ dis- 
course.”] The science of the clouds. 
Nepli-e-lo-pho-rom'e-tcr. [Neph- 
elopliorom'etrum; from vepeXn, a 
“ cloud,” <ptp<n, to “ carry,” and psrpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the direction, order, and speed 
of clouds. 
Ne-plirsem-or-rlia'jgl-a.® [From ve- 
<ppb;, the “kidney,” and alpoppayia, “ ha;m- 
orrhage.”] Hasmorrhage of the kidney. 
Ne-phral'gi-a.* [From vvpptk, the 
“kidney,” and dXyo;, “pain.”] Pain in 
the kidney: nephral'gy. 
Ne-pltrill'g'ic. [Nephral'gicus.] 
Belonging to nephralgia. 
Nej>ii-ra-nu'ri-a.® [From vefpo;, tho 
“ kidney,” a, priv., and ovpov, the “ urine.”] 
Renal anuria, or non-secretion of urine. 
Nepli-ra-pos'ta-sis.® [From vetpp6;, 
the “ kidney,” and dndrrratns, “ suppura- 
tive inflammation.”] Renal abscess, or 
suppurative inflammation of the kidney. 
Nepli-ra-to'ni-a.* [From vc-ppig, the 
“kidney,” a, priv., and t&vo“tone.”] 
Renal atony, or paralysis of the kidneys. 
Ne-pliraux'e.* [From veppk, the 
“ kidney,” and atlpj, to “ increase.”] 
Enlargement of the kidney. 
Ne-plirrl'cos,® or Nc-pUrel'cus.* 
[From vetppds, the “kidney,” and tX/cof, an 
“ulcer.”] An ulcer of the kidney. 
Ncpli-rel-co'sis.* The progress of 
nephrelcus: renal ulceration. 
Neph-rein-phrax'ls.* [From vetppos, 
the “ kidney,” and “ obstruc- 
tion.”] Obstruction of the vessels of the 
kidney. 
Ne'phri-a.*- [From vetppd;, the “kid- 
ney.”] Proposed as a synonyme for 
Bright’s Disease, or granulated kidney. 
Nepli'rl-cus.® [From ve<pp6f, the 
“kidney.”] See Nephritic. 
Ne-pUrit'ic. [Neplirit’icus.] Be- 
longing to the kidney. 
Ne-pliri'tis, id is.* [From vaj>p6t, the 
“kidney.”] Inflammation of the kid- 
neys. A genus of the order Plilegmasiee, 
class Pyrexia1, of Cullen’s Nosology, 
Nephri'tis Al-bu-mi-iiosa® or 
Al-bu-ml-nen'sis.* (“ Albuminous 
Nephritis.”) A name for Bright’s Dis- 
ease of the kidney; under w hich term 
have been confounded several distinct 
renal diseases, all agreeing, however, in 
the important symptom of albuminous 
urine, viz.: acute and chronic desquama- 
tive nephritis, noil-desquamative nephritis, 
fatty and amyloid (or waxy) degeneration. 
Desquamative nephritis is characterized 
by the shedding of the epithelium of tho 
secreting tubes, either entire or in broken 
particles. Their debris blocks up tho 
tubes, and, when washed into the urine, 
forms what have been termed the “ tube 
casts.” This process may be either acute 
or chronic. In non-desquamative ne- 
phritis (according to Johnson), the cells 
are not shed, but become atrophied, 
whilst the tubules are blocked up by a 
simple, albuminous deposit, which forms 
what he terms the small hyaline casts. 
Xepli'ro-vele.® [From veppet;, the 
“ kidney,” and KhXn, a “ tumor.”] Her- 
nia of the kidney. 
Bfeph-ro-fel'ic. [Kepliroccl* 
icus.] Belonging to nephrocele. 
Ne-pSirol'I-llios,* or Ne-phrol'I- 
thus.® [From vefpd;, the “kidney,” and 
Xt'Oo;, a “ stone.”] An old term for a 
renal calculus, or stone in the kidney. 
X<*pli-ro*py-o'sis.® [From verppos, 
the “ kidney,” and nvurnis, “ suppuration.”] 
Suppuration of the kidney. 
Xe-plirot'o-my. [Xephroto'niia; 
from vc<t>pos, the “ kidney,” and Tepvw, to 
“ cut.”] The dangerous and difficult 
operation of cutting into the kidney to 
extract a calculus. 
Ne'ra. A name for Toddy, which see. 
Nor I1. Sec Nerve. 
Nervate. See Nervose. 
Ner-va'tion. [From ner'vus, a 
“nerve.”] The arrangement of nerves 
in leaves. 
Nerve. [Lat. Ner'vus; Ur. vevpov; 
Fr. Nerf, neitf.] A long, medullary cord, 
originating from the brain or spinal 
marrow, by which sensation, volition, or 
vital influence is conveyed to and from 
the sensorium. It is applied in Botany 
to parallel and simple veins. 
Nerve-ache. See Neuralgia. 
Nerves, Pairs of. See Paria Ner- 
vorum. 
Ner'vi,* gen. Ner-vo'ruin, the plu- 
ral of Ner'vus. See Nerve. 
Ner'vine. [Nervi'mis; from ner'- 
vus, a “ nerve.”] Belonging to the nerves. 
Nervorum Paria. See Paria Ner- 
vorum. 
354 NER 
NEU 
Ner ■ vo'rum, Res - o - Ill'll - o.* 
(“ Loosening of the Nerves.”) A name 
for Paralysis. 
Xcr-vose'. [X'ervo'sus.] Abound- 
ing in nerves, as some leaves. 
X’er'vous. [Xervo'sus; from ner'- 
vus, a “nerve.”] Belonging to, or con- 
nected with, nerves. Applied to fevers 
and affections of the nervous system, and 
to medicines that act on the latter. See 
Nervose. 
Xer vous Flu id. [Flu'idum X'er'- 
vetun.] A fluid supposed to circulate 
through the nerves, and to be the medium 
by which sensation or motion is trans- 
mitted from one portion of the nervous 
system to another. 
Kervous flatter. See Neurine. 
Ker'vousSys'tem. [Syste'ina Xer- 
vo'rnm.] A collective term, compre- 
hending all the nerves of the body. 
These may be divided into two great 
classes:—1. Those chiefly appropriated 
to perception, sensation, and voluntary 
motion, connected more immediately with 
the brain and spinal marrow. 2. Those 
destined to the organs kf involuntary 
motion (such as the heart, stomach, etc.), 
called by Bichat the “ organic nervous 
system.” The latter belong to what is 
often termed the ganglionic nervomsystem. 
See Trisplanchnic Nerve. 
Ker'vure. [From ner'vua, a “nerve.”] 
A vein of a leaf. 
Ner'vas,* gen. Ner'vi. The Latin 
term for Nerve, which see. 
Ker'vns ’Va'gns.* (“Wandering 
Nerve.”) The pneumogastric nerve. 
Ket'ted. The same as Reticulated. 
Ket'ted-Veined. An awkward term, 
signifying having reticulated veins; that 
is, marked with veins like a network, as 
netted-veined leaves, which are charac- 
teristic of exogenous plants. 
Kettle. See Urtica. 
Kettle-Rash. See Urticaria. 
Xeii-ra-dy-ua iui-n. [From vtipov, a 
“ nerve,” a, priv., and dvvapij, “ strength.”] 
Nervous debility. 
X' e fi- rn-d y-n a m' ie. [Keurady- 
nam'lcus.] Belonging to neuradyna- 
mia. 
Keu'ral. [Keura'lis; from vtipov, 
a “ nerve.”] Belonging to nerves. 
Keu'ral Ax'is. Used by Owen for 
the trunk of the nervous system lodged 
in the extensive canal formed by the 
chain of the vertebrae. 
Keu'ral Spine. Used by Owen for 
the autogenous part in the vertebra, 
above the neurapophysis, or parts lodg- 
ing the neural axis; the homologue of 
the spinous process of a vertebra. 
Xeu-rfll’jj'i-ii.* [From vtipov, a 
“nerve,” and liXyo“pain.”] (Fr. Ne- 
uralgic, Pain in a nerve: 
neural'gy. 
Xefi-rftl'gic. [Xeural’gicus.] Be- 
longing to neuralgia. 
Xeu-raii-a-ji'on-iie'ina. mis.* [From 
vtipov, a “ nerve,” and dvayevvao), to “ re- 
generate.”] A renewed or regenerated 
portion of a nerve. 
Xeri-ran-a-feen-ne'sis.* [From the 
same.] Regeneration, or renewal, of 
nerves. 
X'efi-ra-naph'y-sis.* [From vtipov, 
a “nerve,” and dvatpvio, to “produce,” 
or “grow again.”] Similar to Neuran- 
agennesis, which see. 
X'eii-rn-po-pli.ys'i-al. [Xenrapo- 
physia’lis.] Belonging to neurapopli- 
ysis. 
Keii-ra-popli'y-sis,® plural Keii- 
ra-poph'y-ses. [From vtipov, a “ nerve,” 
and iiirojivaj, to “be generated from.”] In 
Comparative Anatomy, the lateral seg- 
ments forming the sides of the superior 
arch of the vertebra, which encloses the 
axis or trunk of the nervous system, and 
whose base is the body of the vertebra. 
Xreu-ra!•-te'r I-si.® [From vtipov, a 
“nerve,” and dprnpia, an “artery.”] The 
intimate association of .minute nerves 
with minute arteries, distributed over 
the whole body. 
Keii-ras-the-ni'a.* [From vtipov, a 
“nerve,” and aodtvtia, “debility.”] Ner- 
vous debility. 
Bfen-ras-then'ic. [Xenrasthen'- 
ions. ] Belonging to neurasthenia. 
Ken-ree'to-me,* or Keii-rec-to'- 
mi-a,* [From vtipov, a “nerve,” and 
tKToph, a “ cutting out.”] Excision of a 
nerve, or part of a nerve. 
Xeii-rec-tonfl-eus.* Belonging to 
neurectomy. 
Neu'ri-a.* [Diminutive of vtipov, a 
“ nerve.”] Fine nervous tissue or mem- 
brane. as the retina, 
Bfeu'rl-cus.* [From vtipov.a, “nerve.”] 
Belonging to a nerve: neu'ric. 
Ken-ri-Iein'iiia,® or Nen-ri-le'ma, 
atie.* [From vtipov, a “nerve,” and 
Xippa, “bark of plants.”] (Fr. Nevrilime, 
nAvR&'lem' or likm'.) The mem- 
branous sheath encasing each nerve or 
filament of a nerve: a neu'rileme. 
Jfeu-ri-lein-nii'tis, i tin.* [From 
neurilem'ma.] Inflammation of the neu- 
rilemma. 
Neu'rin, or Keu'rlne. [Xenri'na; 
355 from vcvpov, a “nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrine, 
nAvmin'.) The matter of which nerves 
are composed. One of the most import- 
ant substances or tissues entering into 
the composition of organic bodies. It 
exhibits two forms: the vesicular ner- 
vous matter, which is gray or cineritious 
in color and granular in texture, and 
contains nucleated nerve-vesicles; and 
the fibrous nervous matter, which is 
white and tubular, though in some parts 
its color is gray and its fibres solid. 
Jfcu-ri-or-rhab'di-um.* [From vcv- 
ptov, a “ little nerve,” and pi6&tov, a “ lit- 
tle rod.”] In the plural, the rod-like 
bodies of the retina, the corpora virrjse- 
formia retinee. 
Neu-rit'ic. [Neurit'icus.] Belong- 
ing to neuritis. 
Neii-ri'tls, id is.* [From vcvpov, a 
“nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrite, In- 
flammation of a nerve. 
Neii roast Jienia. See Neurasthenia. 
Neu-ro-de-al'£i-a.* [From neuro'- 
des tu'nica, a name for the “retina,” and 
ii\yo;, “pain.”] Pain, or excessive sensi- 
bility, of the retina. 
N eii-ro-de-a-t ro' plil-a.® [From 
neuro'des tu'nica, the “ retina,” and atro'- 
phia, “ want of nutrition.”] Atrophy 
of the retina. 
Neu-ro'deS.® [From vcvpov, a “ nerve.”] 
Abounding in nerves or nervous sub- 
stance. Applied to the retina, or tunica 
neurodes. 
Xpfi-ro-dy-iiam I-ciis. Belonging 
to neurodynamis : neurodynam'ic. 
Neu-ro-dyn'a-mis.® [From vcvpov, 
a “ nerve,” and ivvapi;, “ strength.”] 
Nervous strength, or energy. 
Neii-ro-dyii'I-a.® [From vcvpov, a 
“nerve,” and oSvvrj, “pain.”] (Fr. Ne- 
vrodynie, nAvito'dAnA.) Pain of a 
nerve; an affection similar to neuralgia, 
but limited by some writers to chronic 
pain in the nerves. 
Neu-ro-dyn'I-cus.* Belonging to 
neurodynia: neurodyn'ic. 
Jfeu-rog'c.ny. [Neuroge'nla; from 
vcvpov, a “nerve,” and yevem;, “genera- 
tion.”] The formation or production of 
nerves. 
Neu'ro-Gli'a.* [From vcvpov, a 
“nerve,” and yAi'a, “glue,” or “cement.”] 
Nerve-cement. A term applied by Vir- 
chow to the substance or cement which 
binds the proper nervous elements of a 
nerve together, and, to a certain extent, 
gives to the whole its form. A remark- 
able peculiarity of neuro-glia is, that in 
it are always found, in greater or less 
NEU 
number, minute corpuscles (termed cor- 
pora amyla'cea), which, in their structure 
and chemical properties, closely resemble 
vegetable starch, invariably becoming 
blue on the addition of iodine. See 
Lakdaceous Degeneration. 
Jf c u-rog' ra-p Si y • [ Jieu rog-ra' pli ia; 
from vcvpov, a “ nerve,” and ypu'jxo, to 
“ write.”] A description of the nerves. 
Ncuroliymenitis. See Neurilem- 
MITIS. 
Keu-ro-hjtp'no-ti&ni. [Xeuro- 
liypiiot is'mns: from vcvpov, a “ nerve,” 
and i"mvo;, “ sleep.”] A term for the state 
induced by mesmerism, intended to sig- 
nify partial sleep of the nervous system. 
Neu'roid. [Ncnroi'des; from vcvpov, 
a “ nerve.”] ltesembling a nerve, or ner- 
vous substance. 
Neurolemma. See Neurilemma. 
Neu-ro-log'l-cal. [Seurolog'- 
icus.] Belonging to neurology. 
Jieu-rol'e-gy. [Xciirolo'gia; from 
vciipov, a “ nerve,” and Aoyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] (Fr. Nevrologie, nAvito'lo'- 
zhA.) The consideration of the nature 
and functions of the nerves. That part 
of Anatomy which treats of the nerves. 
Neii-ro'ma, at,is.* [From vcvpov, a 
“nerve.”] (Fr. Nevrome, nAvRom'.) A 
knotty swelling, or tumor, in the course 
of a nerve : nervous tumor. 
Xeiiroiimlacia,® nu-ro-ma-la'shc-a. 
[From vcvpov, a “nerve,” and paXaxia, 
“ softness.”] Softening of the nerves. 
Xen-roni'a-tmis. [Xenroinato- 
sns.] Having the nature of a neuroma, 
or nervous tumor. 
i dis.® [From 
vcvpov, a “nerve,” and pvc\6;, “marrow.”] 
Inflammation of nervous or medullary 
substance. 
Neii-ro-iny-e-lo'des.* [From the 
same.] Having, or resembling, medullary 
substance. 
X’cii-i'o-my-c-lo-i'des.® [From vcvpov, 
a “nerve,” and clio;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling nervous, or medullary, substance. 
Neuron. See Nerve. 
Neu-ron'o-sos,® or Neii-ron 'o-sus.® 
[From vcvpov, a “nerve,” and v6eoj, a 
“disease.”] Nervous disease, or disease 
of a nerve. See Neuropathy. 
Neti-ro-paSli'ic. [NeuropatJi'l- 
cus.] Belonging to neuropathy. 
Nen-rop'a-tliy. [Neuropathi'a; 
from vcvpov, a “nerve,” and ttuOo;, an “af- 
fection,” or “ disease.”] Nearly the same 
as Neuronosus. 
Neu-rople-fltis'I-cus.® Belonging 
to neurophthisis. 
NEU 
356 NEU 
NIC 
Neu-ropli'tM-sis.® [From vtvpov, a 
“ nerve,” and tpOiois, a “ wasting.”] Ner- 
vous to ben, or wasting away of the nerves. 
Neuroptera. See Neuropterous. 
Nefi-rop-ter-ol'o-gy. [Neurop- 
terolo'gia; from nexu-op'terns, and Adyoj, 
a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the Neu- 
roptera; that branch of Entomology 
which treats of neuropterous insects. 
Neu-rop'ter-us.® [From revpoir, a 
“nerve,” and nrepov, a “wing.”] Neurop'- 
terous, or nerve-winged. Applied in the 
piural neuter (Neurop'tera) to an order of 
injects in wrhich the surface of the wings 
is finely reticulated. The dragon-fly 
may be regarded as the type of this 
order. 
Neii-m-s^en-o-gra'phl-a.®- [From 
vcopor, a “ nerve,” and aKr)voypa<t>ia, the 
“art of scene-painting.”] Pictures, or 
representations, of the nerves. 
Neii'rose. [From vevpor, a‘'nerve.”] 
The same as Nervose, which see. 
Neii-ro'sis,® plural Neu-ro'se§. 
[From the same.] (Fr. Nevrose, ni’vRoz'.) 
A nervous affection or disease; in the 
plural, a class of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Neti-ros-thc-ni'a.® [From vsvpov, a 
“nerve,” and edima, a “contest,” a 
“trial or exertion of strength.”] Great 
nervous power or excitement. See 
Neurodynamis. 
Nefi-ro-the'le.® [From vcvpoe, a 
“nerve,” and flijAij, the “nipple.”] A 
nervous papilla. 
Nefi-ro-the-lo-i'tis, id is* [From 
neurothe'le.] Inflammation of nervous 
papillae. 
Nefi-rot'ic. [Ncnrot'icns; from 
vzvpov, a “ nerve.”] Of or belonging to 
the nerves; nervous. 
Neu-rot'I-ca.® [From neurot’ icus, 
“pertaining to the nerves.”] The name 
of a class in Dr. Good’s Nosology, com- 
prising diseases of the nervous func- 
tion. 
Neii-rot'o-my’. [Nenroto'mia; 
from vevpov, a “ nerve,” and ripvw, to 
“ cut.”] (Fr. Nevrotomie, n4’vRo'to'm&'.) 
Dissection of the nerves. The cutting 
or division of a nerve. 
Neu-ro-tro'ma, aG’s.® [From vtvpov, 
a “ nerve,” and rpaipa for rpavpa, a 
“wound.”] The wound of a nerve. 
Neli-ro-tro'sis.® The progress of 
next rotroma. 
Neu-ry'men, eni»,® [From vcvpov, 
a “ nerve,” and ipf/r, a “ membrane.”] 
The same as Neurilemma, which see. 
Nen-rym-e-ni'tis, idisd- [From 
tieury'menJ] See Neurilemmitis. 
JTeu'tral. [Lat. Neutra'lis; Fr. 
Neutre, ni;tR; from neu'ter, “neither of 
the two.”] Applied to flowers having 
neither stamens nor pistils, and so pro- 
ducing no seed. Applied in Chemistry 
to substances which have neither the 
property of an alkali nor an acid, as 
creatin; also to salts in which the base 
is perfectly saturated without excess of 
either acid or alkali. 
Neu-tra-li>z»'tion. [Neutraliza'- 
tio, o'nis; from iieutia'lis, “neutral.”] 
Applied to the complete loss of charac- 
teristic properties attending certain com- 
binations, when one ingredient is neutral- 
ized or saturated by the other. Thus, if 
forty parts of sulphuric acid be added 
to forty-eight parts of pure caustic pot- 
ash, both the acid and alkali lose their 
characteristic qualities, and a neutral 
compound is formed, which has neither 
alkalinity nor acidity. 
Neu-trl-flo'ins.® [From nexi'ter, 
“ neutral,” and flop, a “ flower.”] Hav- 
ing neutral flowers: neutriflo'rous. 
See Neuralgia. 
Neurasthenia. See Neurasthenia. 
N£-vriIfcnic. See Neurilemma. 
N6vrine. See Neurine. 
Ntivrite. See Neuritis. 
N6vrologie. See Neurology. 
Bffwrome. See Neuroma. 
Nf-vrosc. See Neurosis. 
Mvrotemie. See Neurotomy. 
New Jersey Tea- See Red Root. 
Nez (Fr.), n4. See Nasus. 
Nicaragua (nik-ar-4'gw4) Wood, 
called also Peaeti Wood. The wood 
of a tree which belongs to the genus 
Csesalpinia, and grows near Lake Nicara- 
gua. It is used as a dye. 
Nie'co-late. [Nic'eolas, a'fis.] 
Niccolic oxide being a base or acid, this 
name has been given to the compounds 
which it produces, when it plays the 
second part. 
Nic-col'i-cus.* Belonging to nicco- 
lum, or nickel: niceolic. 
Niclt'el. A white, hard metal, gen- 
erally found in the metallic state; some- 
times as an oxide. It is found in all 
meteoric stones. Its specific gravity is 
about 9. It is used extensively in the 
preparation of German silver, of which 
it constitutes one-fifth part. 
Nicotia. See Nicotin. 
Nieotiana,® ne-ko-she-a'na. [From 
Nicot, who first brought it to Europe.] 
Tobacco. A Linmean genus of the class 
Pentandr!a, natural order Solanacex. 
Nicotia'na A-mer-i-ca'na.® A 
357 NIC 
NIT 
name for the Nicotiana tabacum, or to- 
bacco-plant. 
Nicotia'na Tab'a-cum.* The Vir- 
ginia tobacco-plant. 
Nicotianin, ne-ko'she-a-nin. [Nieo- 
tiani'na; from nicvtia'naj] A fatty, 
volatile substance, found in tobacco, to 
which it gives the characteristic odor. 
Ni-cot'I-cus.* Belonging to nicotin. 
Nic'o-tin, or Xic'o-tf ne. [Nieo- 
ti'na; from nicotia'na, “ tobacco.”] An 
acrid colorless (or nearly colorless) fluid, 
forming the active principle of tobacco: 
it is a powerful poison. 
Nictitating; membrane. See Mem- 
BRANA NlCTITATANS. 
Nic-ti-ta'tion. [Nictita'tio, o'nis; 
from nic'tito, nietita'tum, to “wink 
often.”] A quick and frequent closing 
of the eyelids; frequent winking. 
N id-I-f l-ciV tion. [Xiditica'tio, 
o'nis; from ni'dus, a “nest,” and fa'do, 
to “ make.”] The act or process of form- 
ing a nest. 
Nid'u-lant. [Xid'ulans, an'ti's ; 
from nid'u/or, to “nestle.”] Nestling. A 
term sometimes used in Botany. 
Nid-u-la'tion. [Nidula'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of sitting on a 
nest; incubation. 
N id-u-lat us.- [F rom n id'ulus, a 
“little nest.”} Nestled; in a nest; 
nid'ulate. 
Night-Blindness. See Hemera- 
lopia. 
Nightmare. See Ephialtes, Incu- 
bus, and Oneirodynia Gravans. 
Night'shade, Iiead'Iy. The At'ropa 
belladon'na. 
Night'shade, Wood y. The Sola'- 
tium dulcama'ra. 
Night-Sight. See Nyctalopia. 
N ig-ri-eau'Iis.s [From ni'ger, 
“black,” and can'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
ing a black stem : nigricau'line. 
Nig'ri-pes, j»'odisfi [From ni'ger, 
“ black,” and pes, a “ foot.”] Having a 
black stipes, or foot. 
Nig-ra-sper'mns.® [From ni'ger, 
“ black,” and airipya, a “ seed.”] Having 
black seeds. 
Nigrities,*' ni-grish'e-ez. [From 
ni'ger, “ black.”] Literally, “ blackness.” 
A black or dark color. 
Nigri'ties Os'sium* (osh'e-um). 
(“ Blackness of the Bones.”) A term 
sometimes applied to caries. 
Ni'hil Al'bnm.® Literally, “white 
nothing.” A name for the flowers of the 
white oxide of zjne. 
Ni-o'bi-uin.* A new metal discov- 
ered in the Bavarian tantalite. The name 
was given from Niobe, the daughter o ' 
Tantalus, to show the affinity or analogy 
of the metal to tantalium. 
[From v'vpa, 
“ snow,” and aSXaf/ta, “ blindness.”} 
Snow-blindness. Blindness caused by 
the glaring reflection of sunlight upon 
the snow. To guard against this disease, 
the Esquimaux wear goggles called snow- 
eyes. 
Sipli-o-tjpli-lo'sis.* The progress 
of a ip ho typ hlotcs. 
Xi ph-o-t y ph' lo-te&.* [From vtya, 
“ snow,” and ri«p\d;, “ blind.”] Blind- 
ness produced by exposure to the glare 
of sunlight upon the snow: the same as 
Nipiiablepsia. 
Jfip'ple. [Lat. Mnminil'Ia,: Fr. 
Mamelon, inim'ldN<>V] The small conical 
projection in the centre of the breast. 
See Mammilla, and Papilla. 
Ni'sus.w [From ni’tor, ni'sus, to 
“endeavor.”] An effort made by the 
contraction of the diaphragm and ab- 
dominal muscles, to expel any thing 
from the body. Also applied to the 
vernal generative impulse of birds, etc. 
X’isjis For-nia-ti'vus.® Literally, 
a “ formative effort.” A principle simi- 
lar to gravitation, applied by Blumcn- 
bach to organized matter, by which each 
organ is supposed to be endowed, as 
soon as it acquires structure, with a vita 
propria, or vital power peculiar to itself. 
Nit'id. [Nit'idus: from ni’teo, to 
“shine.”] Smooth and shining. Applied 
to some plants, or leaves. 
Nit-I-di-flo'rus.* [From nit'idus, 
“shining,” and fios, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing brilliant flowers: nitidiflo'rous. 
Nit-I-dI-f«>'lI-us.* [From nit'idus, 
“ shining,” and fo'lium, a “ leaf.”] Hav- 
ing shining leaves: nitidifo'lious. 
Mi'tras Ar-fteti'Ji.® (“Nitrate of 
Silver.”) See Lunar Caustic. 
Nitras I’otassa1. See Potass.® 
Nitras. 
Ni'trate. [ XI'd rax. a'fts.] A com- 
bination of nitric acid with a base. 
Ni'trate of Pot'ash. Nitre, or salt- 
petre. 
Ni'trate of Sil'ver. The Ni tras 
argenti, or lunar caustic. 
Ni'trat-ed. [ Nitra'tus.] Applied 
to a base converted into a salt by com- 
bination with nitric acid. 
Nl'tre. [Lat. Xi'trmn ; Gr. n'rpo.’.] 
The nitrate of potash, commonly called 
saltpetre. It is the chief ingredient of 
.gunpowder. See PotassNitras. 
358 Mi'tric. [Ni'tricus; from ni'trum, 
nitre.”] Belonging to nitre. Applied 
to an acid. 
Mi'tric A?’id Ni'tri- 
cum], formerly called A'qna For'tis* 
(“Strong Water”). A compound of 
oxygen and nitrogen, which contains 
five equivalents of the former to one of 
the latter. It is a powerful solvent, dis- 
solving all the metals ordinarily met 
with, except gold and platinum. See 
Aqua Fortis. 
Ni-trl-fl-ca'tion. [Nltrifica'tio, 
o’nis; from ni'trum, “nitre,” and fa'cio, 
to “ make.”] The process of conversion 
into nitre. 
Mi'trite. [Mi'tris, i'tt*.] A com- 
bination of nitrous acid with a base. 
Ni-tro-ben-zin'ic 
Nitrobenasin'icus.] The name given 
to a new nitrogenous acid, into which 
benzoic acid is transformed when acted 
upon by strong nitric acid: also termed 
bemoi-nitric. 
Ni-tro-ben'zf»le, or Ni-tro-ben'- 
asule, also called Nl-tro-ben'aside. 
[From ni'tric, benzo'ic, and v\i, “ stuff,” 
or “ substance.”] A peculiar substance, 
produced by the action of concentrated 
nitric acid on benzole. It is sometimes 
called “artificial oil of bitter almonds;” 
but it differs essentially from the true 
oil in containing no prussic acid. 
NI'tro-£en. [Nitroge'niuin; from 
virpoj, “ nitre,” and ysm/doj, to “ gene- 
rate.”] An important elementary prin- 
ciple, forming about four-fifths of atmo- 
spheric air; azote. 
Ni'tro-g;e-nI*ed Foods. Sub- 
stances containing nitrogen, and sup- 
posed to be the only substances capable 
of being converted into blood, and of 
forming organic tissues. 
Ni'tro-mu-rl-at'ie A$'id. [Lat. 
A$'ldum Nitroniuriat'icum, or 
A’qua Re'gia; Fr. Ena resale, o r&'- 
g&l'.] A compound acid formed by tho 
union of nitric and muriatic acids. It 
is the only known acid which has the 
power of dissolving gold. 
Ni'trous. [Nitro'sus; from ni'- 
trum, “ nitre.”] Belonging to nitre. 
Ni'trous A<;'id. Nitro'- 
siiin.] An acid consisting of four 
equivalents of oxygen combined with 
one equivalent of nitrogen. 
Ni'trous Ox'Ide. More properly, 
the protoxide of nitrogen, the compound 
kn >wn as exhilarating or laughing gas. 
Mi trnm Flam'mans* [from flam'- 
mo, to “flame”]. A name given to 
NIT 
nitrato of ammonia, from its property of 
exploding. 
Ni'trum Nat-ur-ninum.’ An- 
other name for nitrate of lead. See 
Plumbi Nitras. 
Xi tru-ret. [Nitrure'tum; from 
ni'tt um, “ nitre.”] A combination of 
nitrogen with a simple body. 
Bii'val. [ Niva'lis; from nix, ni'vis, 
“ snow.”] Applied to plants which flower 
during winter: also to those which grow 
upon mountains covered with eternal 
snows, and to those that grow on the 
snow itself. 
Niv'e-ous. [From the same.] Snow- 
white. 
N. M. Nux Moscha'taS- “Nutmeg.” 
Mo. = Nu'mero. The Italian word 
for “ number.” 
Mob'i-Iis.* [From nos'eo, to “know.”] 
Well known, distinguished: hence, 
“ noble,” as used in English. Applied to 
many objects, by way of eminence. 
Noc-tam-bu-la'tion. [Noctam- 
bula'tio, o'liis; from nox, noc'tis, 
“ night,” and am'bulo, ambula'turn, to 
“ walk.”] Sleep-walking, or walking, 
during sleep ; Oneirodyn'ia acti'va. 
Noc-ti-flo'rus.* [From nox, “night,” 
and Jios, a “ flower.”] Flowering at 
night: noctiflo'rous. 
Noe-tl-lu'cus.* [From nox, “ nighty’ 
and lu'ceo, to “ shine.”] Applied to 
flowers which open at night, and close 
during its course. 
Noe-tur'nal. [Noctur'nus; from 
nox, noc'tis, “ night.”] Belonging to 
the night-time. Applied to flowers 
which remain open during the night 
and close themselves in the daytime, or 
shed an agreeable odor at night and are 
inodorous in the day. Applied in Ento- 
mology to a family of the Lepidoptera 
which fly only at night, or after sunset; 
in Ornithology, to a family of predaceous 
birds which are chiefly on the wing in 
the twilight and when the moon shines, 
and forming, according to Linmeus, but 
one genus (Strix), including the owls. 
Nocturnal Blindness. See Heme- 
ralopia. 
Moc-tur'nal E-mis'sion. The 
same as Nocturnal Pollution. 
Nocturnal bight. See Nyctalopia. 
Nocturnal Pollution. See Sper- 
matorrhiea Dormientium. 
Mod'ding;. Curved so that the apex 
hangs down. Applied to plants. 
Mode. [Lat. Mo'dus, plural Mo'di; 
from the Hebrew Anad, to “knit,” or 
“tie;” Fr. Nccud, null.] A knot, knt>b, 
NOD 
359 NOD 
NOS 
or joint. The point of intersection of 
the orbit of a planet with the ecliptic. 
In Botany, the place on a stem where a 
leaf is attached Also, a hard, circum 
scribed tumor on a bone, arising from a 
swelling of the periosteum. 
Xo'di Xer-vo'rum.* (“ Knots of the 
Nerves.”) The same as ganglions. See 
Ganglion. 
Xo-dif'er-us.* [From no'dus, a 
“ knot,” or “ node,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing nodes: nodiferous. 
Xod-I-flo'riis.* [From no'dus, a 
“ knot,” or “ node,” and fios, a “ flower.”] 
Having flowers with nodes or joints. 
Xod'i-pe.s, p’edis* [From no'dus, 
a “knot,” or “node,” and pes, a “foot.”] 
Having feet thickset with nodosities. 
Xo-dose'. [Xodo'sus; from no'dus, 
a “knot,” or “node.”] Having nodes; 
knotty; swollen in some parts, contracted 
at others. 
Xo-do'sis.® [From the same.] The 
progress or formation of nodes; the node 
disease. 
Xo-dos'I-ty. [Xodos'itas, a'tis; 
from the same.] The state, or quality, 
of being nodose. 
Xod'u-Iar. [Xodula'ris.] Be- 
longing to a nodule; having the form 
o£a nodule. 
Xod-u-la'rl-us.® [From nod'xdus, a 
“nodule.”] Having nodules: nodula'- 
rious. 
Xod’ule. [Xod'nlus; diminutive 
of no'dus, a “node.”] A little node. 
X«d-ii-Iif'er-us.* [From nod'ulus, 
a “nodule,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing nodosities: nodulif'erous. 
Xod'u-Iose. [Xodulo'sus; from 
nod'ulus, a “nodule.”] Full of nodules. 
Xo'dus,* plural Xo'di. “A knot.” 
See Node. 
Xo'dus Cgr'e-brl.® (“Knot of the 
Brain.”) A designation of the Pons 
Varolii, which see. 
Xceud. See Node. 
Xoix, nwi The French for Nut, 
which see. 
Xo'li me Tan'&e-re.® (“ Touch me 
not.”) A malignant disease affecting 
the skin, and sometimes the cartilages, 
of the nose. 
Xo ma.* [From rmo, to “eat away.”] 
A corroding, ulcerous disease of the skin, 
frequently attacking the mouth. It is 
sometimes called Cancer Aquations (“ Wa- 
tery Cancer”), because accompanied by a 
flow of saliva. Also applied to an ulcer- 
ation of the pudenda in female children. 
Xombril, See Umbilicus. 
Xo'men-cla-ture. [ Vomcncla- 
turn: from no'men, a “name,” and 
ca'io, to “call.”] The proper arrange- 
ment and application of a set of dis- 
tinctive and significant words as names 
of particular objects in science or lan- 
guage. 
Non Com'poH Men'tis.* (“Not 
Sound of Mind.”) Applied to those “ who 
lose their intellects by disease, that grow 
deaf, dumb, and blind, not having been 
born so; or such, in short, as are judged 
by the Court of Chancery incapable of 
conducting their own affairs.” 
.\»n-<'om jHi-les.; [The plural of 
Non Compos.] Not having ability or 
purpose; madmen. 
Xooth’s Ap-pa-ra'tus. An appa- 
ratus for impregnating water with car- 
bonic acid or other gases. 
Xbr'mal. [From nor'ma, a “rule.”] 
Regular; without any deviation from the 
ordinary structure or function. 
Xor'tliern lag-lit. A popular name 
for the Auro'ra Iiorea'lis. 
Xose. See Nashs. 
Xose, Blooding of the. See Epi- 
STAXIS. 
Xos-o-co-ml-a'lis,* or Xos-o-co'- 
mi-al. Belonging to a nosocomium. 
Xos-o-eo-mi'11 m.® [From wfro,-, a 
“disease,” and Koycu), to “take care of.”] 
A hospital or infirmary for the sick. 
Xos-o-do-ehi'um.® [From vtitro;, 
“disease,” and Soxetor, a “receptacle.”] 
See Hospital. 
Xos-o-&e 'nl-a,® or X os-o-gcii 'e-sis.* 
[From i-ooos, “ disease,” and yereats, “ gene- 
ration.”] The production and progress 
of disease. 
X o-sng' ra-pli y. [ X osogr a 'pli i a; 
from vOaoi, “ disease,” and ypiupu, to 
“write.”] A description of diseases, 
their characters, nature, and course. 
AT 0M-0-logI-oal. [ X osolog' icus.] 
Belonging to nosology. 
Xo-sol'o-g-y. [Xosolo'gia; from 
Kwof, “ disease,” and Aoyos, a “ discourse.”] 
The doctrine or science of diseases; also, 
that science or system which treats of 
the classification of diseases. 
Xos-tftl'fsl-a.® [From wwr«o, to “come 
home,” or “return,” and uAy»?, “pain.”] 
(Fr. Maladie du Pays, m8,'18,'d&' dii p&-&'.) 
Nos'talgy. An intense longing to return 
to one’s native country; longing for 
home; home-sickness. A genus of the 
order Dysorexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Xos-t&rgtc. [Xostal'g-lcus.] Be- 
longing to nostalgia. 
360 Xos-to-ina'nl-s>.® [From vootco), 
to “come home,” or “return,” and ftavia, 
“madness.”] A kind of madness, form- 
ing the highest degree of nostalgia. 
Nostril. See Naris. 
Nostrum.® [Neuter of nos'ler. 
“ours;” implying that it is private pro- 
perty, not shared by the community at 
large.] A significant term for any quack 
or patent medicine. 
\o-lal'gi-a.* [From vtirov, the 
“back,” and uAyos, “pain.”] Pain of 
the back. 
Xo-tal'jfi-cus.® Belonging to no- 
ta/yia: notal'gic. 
Notch. (Fr. Echancrure, &'shoN°'kriiR'.) 
A depression or indentation on the cir- 
cumference or edge of certain bones. 
Xo-ten-feph'a-lo-yele.* [From w3- 
rov, the “back,” the “brain,” 
and Kf/Xn, a “ tumor.”] Protrusion of the 
brain (in a monster-foetus) from a cleft 
in the back of the head. 
[From woro.-', 
the “back,” and iyubpaXov, the “brain.”] 
A monster-foetus, with the brain in a 
hernial mass on the back. 
No'to-chord. [From viotov, the 
“back,” and xoplii, a “string.”] A term 
for the spinal marrow. 
Xo-to-my'e-los,* or No-to-my'e- 
lus.* [From vcoroc, the “ back,” and 
pvcXos, “marrow.”] The Medulhc spina- 
lis, or spinal marrow. 
Ao-tor-rhi'ze-11 s.® [From vmtov, the 
“back,” and a “root,”] Having 
the radicles turned up against one of 
the faces of the cotyledons. 
Nourrice, noo'r&ss'. A French term 
for “nurse.” See Nutrix. 
Notiure, noo'iiR'. The French term 
for “ rickets.” Sec Rachitis. 
Nouveaii>nl, noo'vo ni'. The 
French term for “ newly-born.” See Neo- 
nates. 
No-vac'u-lar. [Novacula'ris; from 
novae'nla, a “razor.”] Literally, “per- 
taining to a razor.” Applied to a variety 
of schist with which hones or razor-stones 
are made. 
No-vac'u-lite. [From novac'ula, a 
“razor,” and At'flo?, a “stone.”] A stone 
of which hones are made for sharpening 
razors. It is of a slaty structure, and 
contains silex. 
No-vem-oos-ta'tns.® [From no 'rein, 
“nine,” and cos'la, a “rib.”1 Having 
nine ribs or longitudinal projections. 
NTo-vem-lo-ba'tus.* [From no'rcm, 
“nine.” and In'bus, a “lobe.”] Divided 
into nine lobes. 
NOS 
j/n-bw'ii-la.® [Diminutive of nu'bes, 
a “ cloud.”] The little cloud-like ap- 
pearances suspended in the urine in cer- 
tain disordered conditions. 
Jfnd>ec-u-la'<us.*. Presenting ap- 
pearances resembling iiubeculee: nubecu- 
late. 
Nu-bi&'en-ous. [Urnbi&'eiins; 
from wu'bes, a “ cloud,” and ye'no, to 
“beget.”] Cloud-born. Crowing upon 
mountains at a very great height. 
Xu-Cit-inen’tuin.® [From mix, a 
“nut.” and omen'turn, a “catkin.”] Sy- 
nonymous with Amentum. 
Kn'ceS,® the plural of Nux. which see. 
Jfn'cha,* gen. Ku'elue. The nape, 
or back part, of the neck. 
>u-ctia'Iis.® Belonging to the nucha. 
Nn-eif’erMtM. [Xueiferus; from 
mix, nu'cis, a “nut,” and/eVo, to “bear.”] 
Bearing nuts. 
Xu-cl-for’mls.* [From mix, nu'cis, 
a “nut.”] Kescmbling a nut; nuci- 
form. 
Jfu'ele-iit-Ml. [Niielen’tns: from 
mi'cleus, a “kernel,” or “central part.”] 
Having nuclei. 
Jfii'cle-1,® the plural of Ni cleus, 
which see. 
Xu-cle-if'er-us.* [From nu'cleus, a 
“kernel,” or “central part,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing kernels. 
Xii-clc'I-form. [Xneleifor’niis; 
from nn'ileus, a “kernel,” or “central 
part.”] Besembling a nucleus; nut- 
sliaped. 
Nu-cle'o-lus,® plural Xu-cle'o-li. 
[Diminutive of nu'cleus, a "kernel,” or 
“ central part.”] A little nucleus: a nu'- 
deole. 
Nu'cle-ns,* plural XH-ele'i. [From 
mix, a “ nut.”] In Astronomy, that por- 
tion of a macula (or spot on the sun’s 
surface) which is much darker than the 
rest; also applied to a small dense por- 
tion in the centre of a comet. In Botany, 
the kernel of a nut, or of the stone of 
fruit. Also, any solid substance, or 
thread, suspended in crystallizing mat- 
ter, to afford points of contact for the 
commencement of crystallization. Sy- 
nonymous with Cytoblast. Any thing 
about which a substance or matter 
gathers, as a cherry-stone forming the 
centre of a calculus. 
Xu-eu-la'nl-uin.® A name for a 
berry containing several seeds, as a 
grape. 
Nn'cule. [Xu'cula; diminutive of 
mix. a “nut.”] A little nut; a small, 
hard, seed-like pericarp, as in the oak. 
NUC 
361 NUC 
NYC 
Nu-cti-lo'sus.® [From nu'cula, a 
“ nucule.”] Having nucules. 
N u-rtl-braneli'i-ate. [N uriibran- 
eJiia’tus; from nu'dus, “naked,” and 
branch'ite, the “respiratory organs” in cer- 
tain animals.] Having exposed branchise. 
Nu-dl-cau'date. [Nudicauda'- 
tus; from nu'dus, “naked,” and can'da, 
a “ tail.”] Having the tail without hairs. 
Nii-cU-cau'lis.® [From nu'dus, “na- 
ked,” and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Having a 
leafless stem. 
Nu-dl-flo'rus."* [From nu'dus, “na- 
ked,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having a 
naked corolla: nudiflo'rous. 
Nu-cU-fo'lI-us.® [From nu'dus, “na- 
ked,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
smooth leaves. 
Xu-ili-pel-lif'er-us.® [From nu'dus, 
“ naked,” pel'Us, the “ skin,” and fe'ro, 
to “ bear.”] Having the skin entirely 
bare. 
Nu'dl-pes, p'edis.® [From nu'dus, 
“naked,” and pes, a “foot.”] Having 
naked feet: nu'dipede. 
NuI-II-ner'vIs.* [From mil'his, 
“ none,” or “ no,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
Applied to leaves which have neither 
true nor false nerves. 
Nul-lip'o-rus.® [From nul'lus, 
“none,” or “no,” andpo'rus, a “pore.”] 
Having no pores on their surface. 
Numbness. See Torpor. 
Nu-mis-ma'lls.® [From numis'ma, 
a “coin.”] Like a piece of money : nu- 
mis'mal. Applied to certain shells. 
N ii- in is- m at ’ ic. [N umisinat' ions; 
from numis'ma, a “coin.”] Pertaining 
to a coin or medal. 
Nu-mis-mat'ics. [Numismat'- 
ica; from numismat'icus, “pertaining to a 
coin."] The science of coins and medals. 
Niim-iut-tbr'iuis.® [From num'- 
mus, a “medal,” or “coin.”] Shaped 
like a piece of money: num'miform. 
Xum'inu-lar [Nummula'rls], and 
Num'tnu-lat-ed [Numinula'tus: 
from num'mulus, a “coin”]. Pertaining 
to. or resembling, a coin or coins. Some- 
times applied to thick, roundish sputa. 
Nut. [Lat. Nux; Fr. Noix, nwA] 
A hard, one-celled, and one-seeded in- 
dehiscent fruit, as that of the oak, hazel, 
chesnut, etc. 
Nu'tant. [Nu'tans; from nu'to, nn- 
ta'tum, to “nod,” “bend,” or “waver.”] 
Nodding; drooping. Applied to the 
steins of plants. 
Xu-ta'tion. [Nuta'tio, o'nis ; from 
the same.] A small gyratory motion 
of the earth’s axis, in virtue of which, 
if it subsisted alone without the preces- 
sion of the equinoxes, the pole of the 
equator would describe among the stars, 
in a period of about nineteen years, a 
small ellipse.—(Bkande.) The property 
which certain flowers have of following 
the apparent movement of the sun. 
Jfu-ta'ter, o'ris * [From the same.] 
Literally, a “nodder,” or “that which 
nods.” Applied to the Sterno-cMdo- 
mastoideus,because nodding is performed 
chiefly by its exercise. 
Nutgall. See Galla. 
Nut'meg. The seed of the Myristica 
moschata; also called Nux Aromatica, 
Moschata, or Myristica. 
Xu't rl-meii t. [X u trimen' turn, 
Xutri'inen, m'ini*; from mi'trio, nutri'- 
tum, to “ nourish.”] Nourishment. See 
Aliment. 
Xu-tri'tion. [Nutri'tlo, O'nis ; from 
the same.] The assimilation or identifi- 
cation of nutritive matter to or with our 
organs. 
Nutrition, Excessive, Nutrition, 
Morbid. See Alogotrophy. 
Xu'trix, i'c/s.* [From nu'trio, to 
“nourish.”] (Fr. Nourrice, noo'r&ss'.) 
One who has the charge and suckling of 
an infant, and then termed a wet-nurse. 
Also, a nurse or attendant upon the sick 
or infirm (Fr. Garde-malade, gaud m&'- 
l&d'). 
Nux,* gen. Nu'cis, plural A 
“nut.” Applied by some botanists to a 
fruit like that of the Lithospermum, Bo- 
ray o, etc. It is also called Achenium. 
Nux Ar-o-ma t I-ea.® The nutmeg, 
or seed of the Myristica moschata. 
Nux Me-tel'ia.* The seed of Strych- 
no8 nux vomica. 
Nux Mos-cha'ta,* Nux My-ris'tl- 
ca.® The nutmeg, or fruit of the My- 
ristica moschata. 
Nux Vom'I-ca.* The Pharmaco- 
poeial name || of tho seed of Strychnos 
nux vomica. Nux vomica has been long 
known to the Indian and Arabian phy- 
sicians. It has been employed as a 
remedy in dyspepsia; also, in intermit- 
tents and other fevers in which power- 
ful tonics are indicated. Its use, how- 
ever, is dangerous, except in small doses. 
In large quantities, it usually proves 
speedily fatal, death being preceded by 
spasms, and sometimes permanent mus- 
cular contraction. 
Nyctaginaceae,* nik-taj-e-na'shc-e, 
or Nyc-ta&'i-ues.® [From Nycta'yo, 
one of the genera.] A natural order of 
exogenous plants, found in tropical and 
362 NYC 
OBC 
temperate regions. It includes the Mir- 
ab'ilis (the Marvel of Peru). The roots 
of many species are purgative. 
Biyc-tag;'I-nes,s the plural of Nyc- 
ta'go, forming the Jussieuan name of a 
natural order of plants. See Nyctagi- 
NACE/E. 
Kyc-ta-lop'ic. [STyctalop'icns.] 
Belonging to nyvtalopy. 
\yctii-lo-py. [Kyctalo’pia; from 
vfif, rvKTOi, “night,” and dsp, “vision.”] 
Defect of vision except in the evening 
and at night; nocturnal sight; day- 
blindness. 
Syc-to-plioai-a,® [From vif, “night,” 
and tptotiif, the “ voice.”] Loss of voice 
during the day. 
Nyc'to-ty-phlo'sjs.® [From vv\, 
“night,” and rvfiXwoi;, a “making blind,” 
also “blindness.”] A term for nocturnal 
blindness. See Nyctalopy. 
Nym'pha,* plural Bfym'phie. 
[From rvp'bri, a “ marriageable maiden.”] 
The membranous folds descending, one 
on each side, from the prepuce of the 
clitoris; also termed Labia minora, in 
distinction from the Labia pudendi, or 
Labia majora. Also, a nymph, pupa, 
or chrysalis, being the second condition 
in the metamorphosis of insects. 
Xyni'pbav® gen. yym.pha'rnm, 
the plural of Nymph A, which see. 
Xym-pSia' a.® [From a “maid- 
en,” a “ water-nymph.”] A genus of 
beautiful floating plants, of the Linnaean 
class Polyandria, natural order Nym- 
phseacese. 
Nymphicaecse,* nim-fc-a'shc-e. A 
natural order of exogenous floating 
plants (water-lilies), found in nearly all 
parts of the northern hemisphere. It 
includes the Nymphx'a and the Victoria 
regia, the flower of which is the largest 
known, sometimes measuring more than 
four feet in circumference. 
.\yiu-l>lii'tis, idis.& [From nym'phie.\ 
Inflammation of the nymphx. 
Siyin'pW-ns. 5 Having a nymphium : 
nym'phious. 
Kyui-pho-i'tlcS.* [From vvfi’pnla, the 
“ water-lily,” and ado;, a “ form.”] Re- 
sembling the Nymplnra, or water-lily. 
Applied to a species of Menyanthes, 
etc. 
Kyim-plso-ma'iil-a.* [From vippu, 
a “maiden,” a “woman,” and fia.ua, 
“madness.”] Morbid or excessive sexual 
desire in females. It is often associated 
with, or becomes a form of, insanity. Also 
termed Furor uterinus, and Hysleromania. 
A genus of the order Dysorexise, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
[From nym'pha, 
and o'/ko;, a ‘’tumor.”] A tumor, or 
swelling, of the nymplue. 
Jfj)m-phet'«-my [Kyrapketo- 
mia; from nym'phir, and repyto, to “ cut”], 
or Kym-pHia'ritim See'tlo.* The ope- 
ration of cutting away (he nymphse when 
diseased or greatly enlarged. 
Nys-tas'iimss.® [Gr. rvcTaypo;; from 
vea-rdiro, to “be sleepy.”] Habitual 
squinting, or a partial rotatory move- 
ment of the eyeball from side to side. 
0. 
O. = Octa'rium*' “A pint.” 
Oak. The name of a tree. See 
Quercus. 
Oak Bark. See Quercus Alba. 
Oak (lall. See Gall-Nut. 
Oarialg-ia. See Ovarialgia. 
O-ar'I-cus.* [From oidptoj, a “small 
egg.”] Belonging to the ovary. 
[From iiaptou, a 
“small egg,” an “ovule,” also the 
“ovary” (?) and Krj\n, a “tumor.”] A 
tumor, or hernia, of the ovary. 
O-ar-I-on'CMS.* [From thaptov, an 
“ovule,” or “ovary,” and oyco;, a “tu- 
mor.”] A tumor of the ovary; a tumid 
ovary. 
O-a'ri-um.* [From adaptor, a “small 
egg.”] The same as Ovarium; an 
ovary. 
Oats. The seeds of Arena saliva. 
<>t». A Latin particle signifying 
“ against,” “ in the way,” implying ob- 
struction, “ opposite,” and hence some- 
times “inversely.” Before words begin- 
ning with c, f, or p, the b is usually 
changed to the corresponding consonant: 
hence we have occlusion for obclusion, 
offend for ob/end, oppose for obpose, etc. 
Ob-cla'vatc. [Obclava'tus; from 
ob, “inversely,” and cla'va, a “club.”] 
Having the appearance of an inverted 
club. 
Ob-con'f-eal. [Obcon'ictus; from 
ob, “inversely,” and con'icus, “conical.”] 
Having the appearance of a reversed 
cone; inversely conical, as a conical fruit 
whose smaller end is next to the stem. 
Ob-cor'date. [Obcortla'tws; from 
363 06, “inversely,” and corda'tus, “heart- 
shaped.”] Heart-shaped inverted, as a 
cordate leaf which is broad and concave 
at the apex and tapers towards the base. 
©b-cor-dl-for'mis.* [From ob, “ in- 
versely,” and cor, cor'dis, the “ heart.”] 
Having the form of a heart reversed: 
obc n-'diform. 
©b-dor-ini Cion. [Obdormi'tio, 
O'nis; from ob, “ inversely,” and dor' - 
mio, dormi'tum, to “sleep.”] The state 
of being asleep; also, what is meant by 
sleep applied to the limbs. 
O-bCH j-ty. [Obes'itas, a'tis ; from 
obe'sus, “fat.”] Fatness, or grossness, 
of the body generally. 
Ob-fiiM-ca'tion. [Obfusca'tio, 
o'nis; from obfus'eo, obfmen'turn, to 
“make dark.”] The act of darkening, 
or rendering obscure; the state of being 
obscure. Applied to the sight. 
Ob-jec'tive. [Object!' vus; from 
obji'cio, objcc'tum, to “ put in the way,” 
as an object which wc see or feel.] Ap- 
plied to things which are the objects of 
the external senses in contradistinction 
to subjective, that is, belonging to, or 
arising from, our own minds, independ- 
ently of external objects. See Subject- 
ive. 
Ob-Iau'ca-o-Iate. Inversely lance- 
olate, as a lance-shaped leaf of which 
the base is narrower than the apex. 
Oblique, ob-lik'. | Obi iq 11 us.] 
Crooked ; indirect. Applied to muscles, 
stems, leaves, etc. An oblique leaf is 
one which is divided by the midrib into 
unequal portions. 
Ob-Ii'qn-tis Ex-ter'ims.® (“Ex- 
ternal Oblique [Muscle].”) A muscle 
of the abdomen, also called descendens, 
which arises from the eight lowest ribs, 
and is inserted into the linca alba and 
the pubes. 
Obli’<i!ius Isi-te'rl-or.® (“Inferior 
Oblique.”) A muscle which arises from 
the outer edge of the orbitar process of 
the upper jaw-bone, and is inserted into 
the sclerotica. It is also called brevis- 
simus oculi, from being the shortest 
muse’e of the eye. This muscle and the 
obiiq 11 us superior roll the eye, and have 
hence been named circnmagentes, and, 
from the expression they impart, amatorii 
(“ amatory”). 
Obli qaus In-ter'nus.* (“ Internal 
Oblique.”) A muscle situated within the 
obliquns externus, also called ascendens, or 
minor. It arises from the spine of the 
ilium, etc., and is inserted into the carti- 
lage of the seventh rib and of all the 
OBC 
false ribs. This muscle and the ohliqmi* 
extemun turn the trunk upon its axis. 
Obli'quus Su-pe'rl-or.* (“ Superior 
Oblique.”) A muscle which arises from 
the optic foramen, passes through the 
ring of the cartilaginous pulley which 
is in the margin of the socket, and is 
inserted into the sclerotica. It is also 
called lonyissimns oculi, from being the 
longest muscle of the eye; and trochlea- 
ris, from its passing through the troch- 
lea, or pulley. 
Ob-lit'or-at-ed. [Oblitera'tus; 
from oblit'ero, oh!item’turn, to “ blot out,” 
or “ erase.”] Altered so that the natural 
condition has disappeared. 
©b-lit-e-ra'tion. [Oblitera'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The alteration 
in appearance or function of a part, by 
which it no longer serves its original 
purpose. 
Ob-li'vl-o In'ers,® or Ob-li'vl-um 
In'ers.* (“ Inertor Sluggish Oblivion.”) 
A term for lethargy. 
©b-lon-ga'tus.* Prolonged; some- 
what long. 
©b-loii's'i-fo'll-us.* [From oblon'- 
gus, “oblong,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having oblong leaves or folioles. 
Ohoinasum. See Abomasum. 
Ob-o'vate. [Obova'tus; from ob, 
“inversely,” and o'vum, an “egg.”] In- 
versely ovate, as a leaf of which tho 
apex is broader than the base. 
©b-o-vat-l-fo'll-ns.* [From ob, “in- 
versely,” ova'tus, “ ovate,” and fo'lium, a 
“ leaf.”] Having obovate leaves : obo- 
vatifo'lious. 
Ob-o void. [Oltovoi'des: from ob, 
“inversely,” o'vum, an “egg,” and ciio,, 
a “ form.”] Resembling an egg of 
which the small end is turned down- 
wards. 
Ob-sid'i-an. [Obsidia'mun.] A 
volcanic substance, or species of lava, 
resembling green bottle-glass. It was 
discovered by Obsid'ius in Ethiopia. 
«’)-s(t-les\‘eiice. ! Obsolescen t ia; 
from obsolcs'co, to “grow out of use.”] 
The state of ceasing to grow, and under- 
going no further change. 
Ob'so-tete. [Obsole'tus; from ob- 
so'leo, obxole'turn, to “ grow out of use, 
or out of fashion.”] Applied in Natural 
History to that which is indistinct, or is 
imperfectly developed, as if it were 
fading away. 
Ob-stet'ri<*. [Obstet'ricns; from 
ob’xtetri.r, a “midwife.”] Belonging to 
midwifery. 
Obstetrician, ob-stct-rish'un. [Ob- 
0B3 
364 OBS 
occ 
stetri'eius; from ob'stetri.r, a “mid- 
wife.”] Belonging to an obstetrix. 
©b>stet-rl'cius Med'I-ciis.* (“Ob- 
stetrical Physician.”) An accoucheur, 
or man-midwife. 
©b-stet'rics. [©bstet'riea, ©bstet- 
ri'cinm: from ob'stetrix, a “midwife.”] 
The art of assisting women in child- 
birth, and of treating their diseases 
during pregnancy and after delivery: 
midwif'ery. 
©b'ste-trix, ieis.® [From ob'sto, to 
“stand in the way,” to “stand near;” 
because she watches by the side of the 
woman in labor.] A midwife. 
©b-stl-pa'tion. [Obstipa'tio, 
o'nis; from ob, “against,” and sti'po, 
stipa'tum, to “ stuff,” or “ cram.”] Ob- 
stinate eostiveness, there being no relief 
by evacuation ; distinguished from con- 
stipation. A genus of the order Epis- 
cheses, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
©b'stru-eut. [Ob'struens; from 
ob'struo, to “ stop up,” or “ shut up.”] 
Shutting or closing up. 
Ob-su-tu-rulis. [From ob, “in- 
versely,” and sutu'ra, a “ suture.”] An 
epithet given to the placentarium, when 
applied against, or opposed to, the su- 
ture; to septa when their border is 
empty. 
©b-tec'tus.* [From ob'teejo, obtec'- 
tum, to “cover.”] Applied to a chrysalis, 
in which all the parts of the insect are 
perfectly indicated on the outside, and 
delineated by compartments of the horny 
case, as in the Lcpidoptera. 
©b-tun'dent. [©btun’dens; from 
obtun'do, to “ make blunt.”] Having 
power to dull, or overcome, irritation. 
©b-tu-ra'tor, o'ris.® [From obtu'ro, 
obtura'tum, to “ stop up.”] A stopper-up 
of any cavity. Applied to two muscles 
and a nerve of the thigh. 
©btura'tor Kx-ter'inis.* A mus- 
cle which arises from the obturator fora- 
men, etc., and is inserted into the root 
of the trochanter major. It rotates the 
thigh outwards. 
©btura'tor In-ter'nus.* A muscle 
formerly called marsupialis, or bursalis. 
Its origin and insertion are nearly the 
same as those of the obturator externus. 
©btura'tor Nerve. A nerve which 
comes principally from the second and 
third lumbar nerves, and descends into 
the pelvis. 
©b-tur-bi-na'tus.* [From ob, “ in- 
versely,” and tur'bo, tur'binis, a “top.”] 
Having the form of a top reversed. 
©b-tu-sa'tus.* [From obtun'do, ob- 
tu'sum, to “blunt,” or “make dull.”] 
Applied to leaves the summits of which 
are blunt, or obtuse. 
©b-tuse'. [Obtu'sus; from the 
same.] Blunt. A leaf is termed obtuse 
when its apex is an obtuse angle, or is 
rounded. 
Ob-tu-sif'I-dus.* [From obtun'do, 
to “ make blunt, or obtuse,” and fin'do, 
to “cleave.”] Cleft into obtuse seg- 
ments. 
©b-tu-sI-fo'II-us.* [From obtu'sus, 
“ blunt,” nndfo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
obtuse leaves: obtusifo'lious. 
©b-tu-sil'o-bus.* [From obtu'sun, 
“ dull,” or “ blunt,” and lo'bus, a “lobe.”] 
Having leaves divided into round or 
obtuse lobes: obtusil'obous. 
Oli vcrse. [Obver'sum; from ob, 
“ against,” “ in the way,” hence, “ ob- 
vious,” and ver'to, ter'sum, to “ turn.”] 
Literally, the “ obvious side.” Applied in 
Numismatics to the side of a coin which 
contains the head, or principal figure. 
©b'vo-lute. [©bvolu'tus; from 
obvol'vo, obvolu'turn, to “ wrap about.”] 
Enrolled one within another. 
©c'cl-deut. [©c'citlens; from oc'- 
cido, to “fall down,” to “set.”] Going 
down ; declining, or setting. 
Oc'ri-dent. [©c'citlena; from the 
same.] Literally, the “ setting.” The 
west, or place of sunset. 
©c-el-tlen'tal. [ ©(‘cidentalis; 
from the same.] Belonging to the west ; 
western. 
©e-eip'I-tal. [©cclpita'lis.] Be- 
longing to the occiput. 
©ceip'ito-Fron-ta'Iis.® [From oc'- 
ciput, andfrons,fron'tis, the “forehead.”] 
The name of a muscle which arises from 
the transverse ridge of the occipital bone, 
passes over the upper part of the cra- 
nium, and is inserted into the orbicularis 
palpebrarum and the skin under the eye- 
brows. 
©c'$I-pnt,* gen.©e-cip'i-tis. [From 
ob, “ against,” or “ opposite,” and ca'put, 
the “ head.”] The back part of the 
head. 
©c-cluse'. [©cclu'sus; from oc- 
elli'do, occlu'sum, to “ shut up;” from ob, 
“against,” and clan'do, to “close.”] En- 
closed ; shut up. 
©c-elu'&ion. [Occlu'sio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A closing or shutting 
up; imperforation. 
©c-cult'. [From occul'tus, “hidden.”] 
Hidden, as applied to diseases the 
causes and treatment of which are not 
365 occ 
ocu 
understood, or to qualities of bodies 
which do not admit of any rational ex- 
planation. 
Oc-cul-ta'tion. [Occulta'tio.o'ms; 
from occul'to, occulta'tum, to “ hide.”] 
The eclipse of a star or planet by the in- 
tervening passage of the moon or another 
planet. 
Oceanic, o-she-an'ik. [Ocean'icus; 
from oce'aiius, the “ocean.”] Living or 
growing in the ocean; pertaining to the 
ocean. 
O-cel'late. [Ocella'tns; from ocel'- 
lus, a “ little eye.”] Marked by spots 
resembling the pupil of the eye. 
O-cel-lif'er-us.® [From ocel'lus, a 
“ little eye,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Bear- 
ing spots resembling eyes : ocellif'erous. 
©-cel'liis.® [Diminutive of oc'ulus, 
an “eye.”] Applied to rounded spots 
of which the centre is of a different color 
from the circumference, giving some re- 
semblance to the pupil of the eye. 
©ch-le'sis.® [Gr. oxXicis; from 
to “ disturb by a mob, or crowd.”] A 
general condition of disease produced by 
a vast number of sick persons under one 
roof. 
©ehnaceae,® ok-na'she-e. [From 
Och'na, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous plants (trees or 
shrubs), found in tropical India, Africa, 
and America. 
Oeli-o-pet'a-lus.® [From dyft, “ca- 
pacious,” and irtTa\oj, a “ petal.”] Hav- 
ing broad and ample petals. 
Ochre, o'ki;r. [O'chra; from wypdf, 
“pale,” or “sallow.”] An argillaceous 
earth, impregnated with iron, of a red 
or yellow color. 
O'ehre-a.® Literally, a “boot.” A 
union of stipules around the stem of 
some plants. 
O'ehre-ate. [From o'chrea, a “boot.”] 
Having tubular stipules, or ochrese, as 
some leaves. 
O-ehrop'y-ra.* [From <l>xpos, “pale,” 
or “ sallow,” and nvp, “fever.”] A name 
sometimes applied to the yellow fever. 
Oc'ta-g-on. [Octavo'nuni; from 
dvr j, “eight,” and ycovia, an “angle.”] 
A plane figure having eight angles and 
sides. 
Oc-tag-'o-nal. [Oetagonus.] Be- 
longing to an octagon, or having eight 
angles or sides. 
Oc-ta-he'dral. [Octahe'drns.] Be- 
longing to an octahedron, or having 
tight sides. 
©c-ta-lied'rl-cus.® The same as 
OcT.iHrmal, which see. 
Oc-ta-lic’dron. [Octahe'drum; 
from ovr.), “eight,” and idpa, a “base.”] 
A solid figure having eight equal trian- 
gular faces. 
Oe-ta'na.® [From oc'to, “ eight.”] 
An erratic intermittent fever which re- 
turns every eighth day. 
Oc-tan'(lri-a.* [From ovrai, “eight,” 
and avfip, a “ man,” or “ male.”] The 
eighth Linnaean class of plants, including 
those which have eight stamens in each 
flower. , 
Oc-tan'drous. [Octan'drius; from 
d/cno, “ eight,” and dsijp, a “ man,” or 
“ male.”] Having eight stamens: oc- 
tan'drious. 
Oc-ta'rl-us.* [From octa'vus, the 
“eighth.”] The eighth part of a gallon, 
or sixteen fluidounces; a pint. 
Oc'to-lid. [Octal''idus; from oc'to, 
“ eight,” and Jin'do, to “ cleave.”] Pre- 
senting eight clefts, or incisions, which 
reach about half-way to the midrib. 
Oe-tof'o-rus.® [From oc'to, “eight,” 
and fo'ris, a “ door,” or “ opening.”] 
Having eight holes, or openings. 
Oetogynia. See Octogynious. 
0(‘-Io-(;jii I-oiis. [Octogyn ins ; 
from oKrco, “eight,” and yuWj, a “ female.”] 
Having eight pistils. 
Octahedron. See Octahedron. 
Oc-to-ner'vl-us.® [From oc'to, 
“ eight,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Hav- 
ing eight nerves. Applied to plants. 
Oc-lo-iM‘I a-Ions. [Octopct'alus; 
from oc'to, “eight,” and pet'alum, a 
“petal.”] Having eight petals. 
Oc-to-stein'o-nls.® [From d«rn5, 
“eight,” a “thread,” or “ sta- 
men.”] Having eight free stamens. 
Oc'u-lar. [Ocula'ris; from oc'ulus, 
the “ eye.”] Belonging to the eye. 
Oc’ular Spec'tres. Imaginary ob- 
jects floating before the eyes, and as- 
suming the form of muses; volitantes, 
etc. 
Oc'u-late. [Ocula'tus; from oc'u- 
lus, the “ eye.”] Having spots like eyes. 
Having very large eyes. 
Oc'u-li,® gen. Oc-n-Io'rinn, the 
plural of Oculus, which see. 
Oc’uli is also the genitive singular of 
Ocitlus. 
Oc'u-ll-form. [Ocnlifor'mis; from 
oc'ulus, the “eye.”] Having the form 
of an eye. 
Oc'u-list. [From oc'ulus, the “eye.”] 
One skilled in diseases of the eye. 
Oc'u-lus,® plural Oc'u-li. [From 
oko; or okko;, the “ eye/’] Tho organ of 
vision. See Eye. 
366 Od. [From bids, a “ way,” or “ pass- 
age.”] A term proposed by Reichen- 
bach for the peculiar force or influence 
produced on the nervous system by all 
magnetic agents. 
©d-ax-es'mus* [Gr. a 
“ sharp or acrid biting”], also written 
©daxis'mus.* A sensation of biting, 
or pricking, as that felt in the gums pre- 
vious to cutting the teeth. Also applied 
to the bitten tongue, lip, or cheek, which 
occurs as a symptom, and one of the 
most pathognomonic character, of the 
epileptic seizure. 
O-dax-et'I-cus.* Belonging to odax- 
esmus : odaxet'ic. 
©daxismos. See Odaxesmus. 
-Odes. [Gr. -u>ir)s; from dio;, a “ form,” 
or “resemblance.”] A terminal similar 
to -oid, or -oides, properly signifying re- 
semblance; but sometimes denoting ful- 
ness, much, etc. 
O'dic. [Od'icns.] Pertaining to Od, 
which see. 
©-don'ta-gra.* [From ocoiss, didvros, 
a “ tooth,” and uypa, a “ seizure.”] Tooth- 
ache arising from gout or rheumatism. 
Also, a kind of forceps, or pincers, for 
extracting teeth. 
Oil-oii-talgi-a. [From diovs, didvros, a 
“ tooth,” andaXyoj, “pain.”] Odontalgy. 
Violent pain in a tooth, usually from 
caries, by which the nerve is exposed to 
the cold air, etc.; toothache. A genus 
of the order Phlegmasite, class Pyrexix, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
©d-on-tal'gic. [Odontal'gicns.] 
Belonging to odontalgia, or toothache. 
©dontia,* o-don'she-a, or o-don'te-a. 
[From dims, a “tooth.”] A generic term 
employed by Dr. Good, comprising all 
morbid affections of the teeth. It is also 
applied in the same manner as Odon- 
talgia, which see. 
©-don'tic. [©don'tiens: from diovs, 
a “tooth.”] Pertaining to the teeth. 
©-don-tit'I-cus.* Belonging to odon- 
titis. 
O-don-t i'tss, idis.* [From oiovs, a 
“tooth.”] Inflammation of a tooth. 
©-don-to-bo-thri'tis, id is* [From 
odontoboth'rium.] Inflammation of an 
alveolus, or tooth-socket. 
O-don-to-botli ri-um.® [From 
diovs, a “tooth,” and (ioOplov, a “little 
hole or cavity.”] The same as Alve- 
ulus, which see. 
©-don-to'deS.*' [From diovs,a. “tooth.”] 
Resembling teeth, or full of teeth. 
O-don-tog'e-ny. [©dontoge'n ia; 
fr,.m oiovs, a “ tooth,” and yww, to “ be 
ODA 
born,” to “ be produced.”] TLat branch 
of Physiology which treats of the de- 
velopment of the teeth. 
<>«l-oii-tojf' ra-pliy. [Onion togra'- 
jiiiia; from odour, a “tooth,” and ypiic/xo, 
to “write.”] A description, or history, 
of the teeth. 
O-don'toid. [Odontoi'des; from 
oJois, a “ tooth,” and dios, a “ form.”] 
Resembling a tooth. 
Od-on-tol'i-tlios,* Od-on-lol'i- 
tSmis.® [From dims, a “ tooth,” and 
XiOos, a “stone.”] (Fr. Tartre des Dents, 
taRtit da doN«.) The tartar, or stone- 
like incrustation, on the teeth. 
Od-oii-to-lo&'I-i*al. [Odontolog'- 
ictis.] Belonging to odontology. 
Od-on-tolo-fi.v. [Odontolo'gia; 
from diovs, a “ tooth,” and Xoyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] A dissertation on the struc- 
ture of the teeth; the science of the 
teeth. 
©d-on-t«-lox'i-a.* [From diovs, a 
“ tooth,” and Xof<5r, •• slanting,” or “ ob- 
lique.”] Irregularity, or obliquity, of 
the teeth. 
Od-on-to-ne-cro'sis.* [From diovs, 
a “ tooth,” and vespoos, to “ deaden.”] 
Necrosis, or deadness, of the tooth. 
0-<ion-t«-no-sol'e-gy. [Odonto- 
nusulo’gia; from odovs, a “ tooth,” idoos, 
a “ disease,” and Xoyor, a “ discourse.”] 
A treatise on the diseases of the teeth ; 
also, that branch of medicine which 
treats of the diseases of the teeth. 
©-don-to-pri sis. [From diovs, a 
“tooth,” and Trpiats, a “sawing.”] Stri- 
dor dentium, or grinding of the teeth. 
©d-on-to'sis.* [From diovs, u “ tooth.”] 
The formation, growth, or development 
of a tooth. 
O-dwn-to-ther-a-pi'a.* [From diovs, 
a “ tooth,” and Qeparna, “ medical treat- 
ment.”] The treatment, or care, of the 
teeth. 
©-do-ra-men'ta,* plural of Odora- 
men'tum. [From o'dor, an “ odor.”] Odo- 
raments; substances employed in medi- 
cine on account of their odor. 
Odoramentum. See Odoramenta. 
O'do-ratc. [©dora'tus; from o'dor, 
“ smell,” “ fragrance.”] Scented; having 
a strong odor. 
Od-o-ra'tus.® [From o'dor, “smell,” 
“fragrance.”] The sense, also the act, 
of smelling. 
O-do-rif 'cr-ant. The same as Odo- 
riferous, which see. 
©-do-rif 'er-ous. [ Odor i f'erans, 
an 'tis, Odorlf'erus; from o'dor, “fra- 
grance,” “ odor,” and fe'ro, to “bear,” to 
ODO 
367 (EC 
OID 
“produce.”] Having an agreeable odor. 
Producing or emitting odor. 
(Kcimoniiii. See Economy. 
(Ei'oiioiiiia Aiiiinalis. See Animal 
Economy. 
(EconomiaVegetahilis. See Vege- 
table Economy. 
CEeonomicjis. See Economical. 
(Ifdein:;, Mis* [From oiieco, to 
“swell.”] A swelling from effusion of 
serous fluid into the cellular substance. 
<Ed-e-mat'ic. [CEdemat'icus.] 
Nearly the same as (Edematous. 
<E-dem-a-to'deS.* [From cede'ma, 
a “swelling,” and a “form.”] Re- 
sembling oedema: oedem'atous. 
<E-dcm a-toid. [CEdematoi'des; 
from the same.] Resembling oedema. 
(E-dem'a-tons. [CEdcmato'sus; 
from cede'ma.] Pertaining to oedema; 
of the nature of oedema. 
<£11, ul or ul. Tho French term for 
Eye, which see. 
tE-jsan'tliic. [GEnan'Miicafls; from 
oho;, “wine,” and ii'Oo;, a “flower.”] 
Applied to a peculiar liquid, or ether, 
held to be the principle that gives wine 
its peculiar aroma, or flavor. 
(E-no'des.* [From oho;, “ wine.”] 
The same as Vixosus. 
<E-j»o-ma'i»i-aA! [From oho;, 
“wine,” and pouia, “madness.”] Ex- 
cessive inclination for wine or intoxi- 
cating liquors. Also, wine-madness, or 
mania a potu resulting from the excess- 
ive use of wine. 
CE-sopli-a-g'al'g'i-a.® [From cesoph'- 
agus, and d\yo;, “ pain.”] Pain of the 
oesophagus: oesophagalgy. 
<E-so|»H-a-g'e'aJ, or es-o-fa'jo-al. 
[<Q2sopliag;ae'us.] Belonging to the 
oesophagus. 
<Esopliag>e'al 4’<>rds. Two elon- 
gated cords, formed of the pneumogas- 
tric nerves, which descend along the 
oesophagus. 
<E-sop3»a-&is'mas.* [From cesoph'- 
agus.] Used by some writers in the 
same manner as oesophagitis; by others, 
as dysphagia; by Vogel, for oesophago- 
spasmus. Difficulty in swallowing, from 
spasmodic stricture of the oesophagus. 
<E-so|»li'8-i-js?i'tis,i(/!$.® [Frommojti/i'- 
agus.] Inflammation of the oesophagus. 
GS-sopli-a-go-dyii'I-a.* [From 
cesoph'agus, and dnxe’rj, “ pain.”] Pain 
(spasmodic) of the oesophagus. 
<E-sopli'a-s'or-rl»a'g,i-a.* [From 
oesoph'agus, andpiiym/ji, to “burstforth.”] 
Haemorrhage from the oesophagus. 
<E-soplia-go-spas ’ urns.® [From 
ccsoplt'ague, and spas'mus, a “ contrac- 
tion.”] Cramp, or spasm, of tho oesoph- 
agus. Sec CEsophagismus. 
Ul-sopli-a-gos-tono'niii, Mis.* 
[From cesoph'agus, and orhoiga, a "nar- 
row place.”] Constriction of the oesoph- 
agus. 
XE-sojdi-a-go-ste-no'sis.*' The 
formation or progress of oesophagoste- 
noma. 
<E-*o;»Ii'a-f?ot'o-iny. [Cllsoplia- 
K«to' mia; from oesoph'agn-j, and rJg«j, 
to “cut.”] The operation of cutting 
into tho oesophagus. 
Ol-sopEs'ii-g-us.s [From diooo (the 
future of oio), another form for (pepco), to 
“bear,” to “carry,” and <puyripa, “food” 
(from <l>'iyw, to “eat”).] Literally, “that 
which carries or conveys tho food.” The 
membranous and muscular tube con- 
tinued from the pharynx to tho cardiac 
orifice of the stomach. 
Gin'trii-al. [(Estrua'lis.] Be- 
longing to tho oestrum, or orgasm. Ap- 
plied to the period during which concep- 
tion takes place in the Mammalia, anal- 
ogous to the menstrual period of the 
human female. 
(Es.(i'ii-:i'tion. [(Estrua'tio, o'm/s/ 
from ces'trum.] The state of being under 
influence of the oestrum, or orgasm ; 
rutting. 
(Es'trum,* or CEs'tsrus.* [From 
oiorpoj, tho “gad-fly;” hence applied to 
tho sting of passion.] Intense desire, 
or passionate impulse; usually applied 
to the orgasm, or pleasurable sensation, 
experienced during the indulgence of 
the appetites or passions, particularly 
of the sexual passion, termed more dis- 
tinctively ces'trum vene'reuni, or ces'trum 
Ven'eris. 
CEsaf, uf. The French word for “egg.” 
See Ovum. 
Of-fi-?i'na,* gen. Of-fI-?i'«ise. A 
shop where goods are sold. In medical 
language, an apothecary shop. 
gen. 
the plural of Officixa, a “shop.” It 
occurs in n ames like the following: Cam- 
phora ojjicinarum (literally, the “camphor 
of the shops,” or officinal camphor), Sac- 
charum ojjicinarum (the “sugar of the 
shops”), etc. 
[Ollicina'lis; from 
ojfici'na, a “shop where goods are sold.”] 
Applied to such medicines as are directed 
by the colleges to be prepared or kept 
in the shops. 
-Oid, or -I'des. [From ilio;, a 
“ form,” or “ resemblance.”] A terminal 
368 OIL 
OLE 
denoting resemblance to an object indi- 
cated by the word to which it is joined; 
as, Al'haloid, or Alkaloi'des, “resem- 
bling an alkali Cri'coid, or Gricoi'des 
[from npucoi, a “ ring,” or “ circle ”], “ re- 
sembling a ring or circle,” “ in the form 
of a ring,” etc. 
©51. [Lat. O'leum; Fr. Huile, wJl.] 
A term applied to various unctuous sub- 
stances, obtained mostly from animals 
and vegetables. They are divided into 
two classes, fixed oils and volatile oils, 
the former of which give a permanently 
greasy stain to paper. 
©51 of Tur'pen-tine. [O'leum 
Terebin'tliiiise.] The oil obtained 
by distillation from the liquid resin of 
the Pi'nus sglves'tris. 
Oil ©f Yat'ra-ol. A name for sul- 
phuric acid. 
©31, Rock,. A name for Petroleum, 
which see. 
©31s, Fixed. [Lat. ©'lea Fix'a; 
Fr. Ilnile* Fixes, wel files.] A general 
term for oils which are not volatile; but 
commonly applied to vegetable oils of 
this description. 
Oils, Vol'a-tile. [Lat. ©'lea Yola- 
til'ia, or ©'lea DestilJa'ta; Fr. 
Huilcs Volatiles, wel vo'll'til'.] Oils 
found in aromatic vegetables, from 
which they are usually obtained by dis- 
tillation. Hence they are termed “ dis- 
tilled oils” (olea destillata), and some- 
times “ essential oils,” because they 
constitute the essence of the plant. See 
Olea. 
Ointment. See Unguentum. 
O-j-o-ca-i.ym m;_t, a'(i3,® or O-I-o- 
ca-lyp'truni.* [From ioio-x, an “egg,” 
and KaXyipa, or Ko\mrpa, a “ covering.”] 
The cortical membrane, or outer cover- 
ing, of an egg. 
©1. =*= “Oil.” 
©iacaceay*- ol-a-ka'she-e. [From 
O'lax, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of tropical, or nearly tro- 
pical, trees and shrubs, found in the 
East Indies, Australia, and Africa. 
O'le-a.* [Gr. eXaia, or tXua.] An 
olive, or the olive-tree. A Linnman 
genus of the class Monandria, natural 
order Oleacese. 
O'le-jt,* ©-le-o'rnm,* the plural of 
Oleum, which see. 
©'lea Eu-ro-pse'a.* (“European 
Olive.”) The systematic name of the 
olive-plant; also called Olea sativa. 
©'lea Fix'©,.* The Latin term for 
* Fixed Oils.” See Oils, Fixer. 
©'lea Vol-a-iil'i-a.® The Latin 
term for “Volatile, or Distilled, Oils” 
See Oils, Volatile. 
©leacene,* o-le-a'she-e. A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
found chiefly in temperate climates. It 
includes the Ash (Frax'inus), Lilac 
(Syrin'ga), and Olive (O'lea), from the 
fruit of which olive oil is procured. 
©-le-a'eeous. [Olea'ceus.] Ke- 
sembling the Olea, or olive-tree. 
©-le-ag'I-nous. [Oleagino'sns; 
from o'leum, “oil.”] Oily; unctuous. 
©'le-ate. [O'leas, a'tis.] A com- 
bination of oleic acid with a base. 
O-le-cran-ar-tlirl'tis, idis* [From 
olecra'non, an “ elbow-joint,” and ar- 
thri'tis, “ inflammation of a joint.”] In- 
flammation of the elbow-joint. 
O-le-c ran-ar-tliroe'a-ee.* [From 
olecra'non, an “ elbow-joint,” and ar- 
throc’ace, “ ulceration of the cavity of a 
bone.”] Ulceration of the elbow-joint. 
©-lec-ra'non,® or o-lek'ra-non. 
[From ciiXo'ij, the “ ulna,” and k(muov, the 
“ head.”] The humeral extremity of the 
ulna, on which wo lean when resting on 
the elbow; also, the elbow itself. 
O-lef'I-ant or O'le-fi-ant Gas. 
[From o'leum,, “oil,” and fi'o, to “be- 
come.”] The hydruret of carbon, or 
heavy carburetted hydrogen gas; so 
named because, when mixed with chlo- 
rine, it forms a peculiar, oily-looking 
compound. 
O-le'ie. [©le'icus; from olei'na.] 
Applied to an acid obtained from olein. 
O-le-if'er-OMS. [©leif'erus; from 
o'leum, “oil,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”} 
Bearing or producing oil. 
O-lc-I-gc'ni-mn.® [From o'leum, 
“oil,” and yewaut, to “produce.”] Ap- 
plied to olefiant gas. 
O'le-in, or ©'le-Ine. [Olei'na; 
from o'leum, “oil.”] A simple oil enter- 
ing into the constitution of the various 
fats and oils. 
O-le-in'e-ous. [©lei'neus.] Sy- 
nonymous with Oleaceous. 
OIo-o- resin, or ©'le-o-IteS'ln. 
[Oleoresi'na.] A term for the native 
combinations of resins with essential 
oils, forming various balsamic and terc- 
binthinate substances.—(Mayne.) The 
term is applied in the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia (I860) to those fluid extracts 
(consisting mainly of volatile oil and 
resin) which are prepared by using ether 
as the menstruum. 
©leoresina, plural ©leoresina;. 
See Oleoresin. 
O-le-o-sac'elia-rum.* [From o'lc- 
369 OLE 
OLE 
urn, “oil,” and sac'charum, “sugar.”] 
A medicine composed of essential oil 
and sugar, mixed with each other to 
render the oil more easily diffusible in 
watery liquors. 
©l-c-rji'ccous. [Olera'ceus; from 
o'lus, ol'eris, a “ pot-herb.”] Of the na- 
ture of pot-herbs; esculent. 
O'le-um,® plural O'le-a. [From 
O'lea, the “olive.”] (Or. IXaiov, Fr. 
Huile, w4L) A fat, unctuous, combusti- 
ble matter, solid or fluid, not soluble in 
water, and volatile in various degrees: 
oil. 
O'leuin A-myg'da-lsc.® (“ Oil of 
Almond.”) See Oleum Amygdala: 
Dulcis. 
O'leum Amygr'dala; A-ma'ne.* 
(“Oil of Bitter Almond.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil 
obtained by distilling with water the 
kernels of the fruit of the Amygdalus 
communis, variety amara. 
O'leum Amyjsr'dalse Diil cis.5 or 
O'leum Amygr'dalie.* (“Oil of 
Sweet Almond,” or “ Oil of Almond.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
for the fixed oil obtained from the ker- 
nels of the fruit of the Amygdalus com- 
munis, variety dulcis. 
O'leum Ber-ga'mW.® (“ Oil of 
Bergamot.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the volatile oil of the rind 
of the fruit of Citrus limetta. 
O'leum Bu'bu-lum.* Neat’s-foot 
oil. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the oil prepared from the bones 
of the Bos domesticus. 
Oleum Cajuputi. See Cajuputi, 
Oleum. 
O’leum Cam'pho-rje.* (“Oil of 
Camphor.”) The name given to the 
volatile oil obtained from Cam'phora ojffi 
cina'rum. It has been placed on the 
primary list of the Materia Medica of 
the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1800. 
O'leum Cam-plio-ra'tum.* The 
Linimen'turn cam'phone. 
O'leum Cin-na-mo'mi.* (“Oil of 
Cinnamon,” or “ Oil of Ceylon Cinna- 
mon.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
|| for the volatile oil obtained from the 
bark of the Cinnamo'mum Zeylan'icum. 
OleumCrotonis. See Oleum Tiglii. 
O'leum Jec'orls A-sel'li.* A name 
for cod-liver oil. See Oleum Morrhua:. 
O'leum Li-mo'nis.® (“Oil of 
Lemon.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
|| for the volatile oil which is obtained 
from the rind of the fruit of the Citrus 
Limonum. 
O'leum Iit'ni.* (“Oil of Flax.'’) 
The Pharmacopoeial name || for the fixed 
oil obtained from the seeds of Linum 
usitatissimum; linseed oil. 
O'leum Mor'rlni-ie.® (“Oil of the 
[Gatins] Morrhua;” Fr. Huile de Ho- 
rne, w61 d$h mo'rii'.) Cod-liver oil. 
The Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
fixed oil which is obtained from the liver 
of the Gadus Morrhua. Cod-liver oil is 
esteemed one of the most valuable reme- 
dies in the Materia Medica. It has been 
found especially useful in chronic rheu- 
matism and gout, and in the various 
diseases connected with a scrofulous 
diathesis, including scrofulous affections 
of the joints, Tabes mesenterica, rickets, 
phthisis, etc. 
Oleum (“Oil of 
Nutmeg.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the volatile oil of the 
kernels of the fruit of Myristica mos- 
chata; (Ed. Ph.) Myristicse oleum; oil 
of nutmegs. 
O'lenm O-li'vse.* (“ Oil of Olive,” 
or “ Olive Oil.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name || for the fixed oil obtained from 
the fruit of O'lea Enropse'a. 
O'leuin (“Oil of Rici- 
nus,” or Castor Oil; Fr. Huile de Iticin, 
w6l deh The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the seeds 
of the Ricinus communis; (Lond. Ph.) 
Ricini oleum. See Castor Oil. 
O’leum Ro'sse.® (“Oil of Rose.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) 
for the volatile oil of the petals of Rosa 
centifolia; (Ed. Ph.) Rosse oleum. 
Oleum Ses'ay-mi.*- (“Oil of Se- 
same.”) Bonne Oil. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the 
seeds of Ses'amum In'dicum, and of Sex'a- 
mum orienta'le. 
O’leum Suc'cl-ui.* (“Oil of Am- 
ber.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the volatile oil obtained by the 
destructive distillation of amber. 
Oleum Mr-e-bln'thl-nse.® (“Oil 
of Turpentine.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name || for the volatile oil distilled from 
the turpentine of Pinus palustris, and 
other species of Pinus; the Terebinthiuse 
oleum of the London and Edinburgh 
Pharmacopoeias. 
O'leum TCr'rse.* (“Oil of Earlh.”) 
A name for Petroleum, which see. 
O'leuin The-o-bro'mae.® (“ Oil of" 
Theobroma.” or Butter of Cacao.) The 
name applied to the concrete oil of the 
kernels of the fruit of tt e Theobroma 
cacao. It has been placed on the prL 
370 OLE 
OME 
mary list of the Materia Medica of the 
U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
O'leum Thy'mi.* (.“ Oil of Thyme.”) 
The name given to the volatile oil ob- 
tained from the Thy'mus vulga'ris. It 
has been placed on the primary list of 
the Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for 1860. 
O'leum Tig'll-i.* (“Oil of Tig- 
lium.”) Croton Oil. The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the oil of the seeds 
of Groton tiglium. The O'leum Croto'nis 
of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
Ol-fae'tion. [Olfac'tio, o'nis; 
from olfa'cio, olfac'tum, to “ smell.”] 
The exercise of the sense of smell. 
Ol-fac'to-ry. [Olfacto'rius: from 
the same.] Belonging to the organ or 
sense of smell. 
Olfac'tory Serves. The first pair 
of nerves distributed on the pituitary or 
Schneiderian membrane of the nose. 
©1-fac'tus.* [From olfa'cio, olfac'- 
tum, to “smell.”] The sense of smell, or 
act of smelling. 
0-1 ib'a-num.* [From SXiSavo;, the 
“ frankincense-tree.”] Frankincense, 
believed to come from the Boswellia ser- 
rata. 
Ol-I-ga-can'thus.® [From dXfyo;, 
“few,” and asavOa, a “thorn.”] Having 
few thorns or spines. 
©1-I-gse'mi-a.® [From dXiyoj, “lit- 
tle,” and alga, the “blood.”] Poverty 
of the blood. 
Ol-I-gau'ilrous. [From dXi'yof, “few,” 
and utnjp, a “man,” or “male.”] Having 
few stamens. 
Ol-i-gaii'ttius.* [From dXi'yo,-, “few,” 
and asdof, a “flower.”] Having but a 
small number of flowers. 
Ol-i -go-car' pus.* [From oXi'yo,-, 
“few,” and sapnss, “fruit.”] Having few 
seeds or fruits. 
01-I-go-4‘ho'li-a.® [From dXfyo;, 
“few,” or “little,” and x°Xf\, “bile.”] 
Want or deficiency of bile. 
Ol-i-go-i-Biy 1'i-a.® [From oXiyo;, 
“few,” or ‘‘little,” “chyle.”] 
Want or deficiency of chyle. 
Ol-i-go-4'tiy nn-H.® [From dXiyo,-, 
“few,” or “little,” and X’'p°s, “juice.”] 
Want or deficiency of chyme. 
©1-i-go-ga-lac'tI-a.* [From dXtyof, 
“few,” or “little,” and ydXa, “milk.”] 
Want or deficiency of milk. See Aga- 
lactia. 
Ol-i-go-phyl'lous. [Oligopliyl'- 
1ns: from oXi'yo,-, “ few,” or “ small,” and 
<l>v\Xov, a “leaf.”] Having few leaves, or 
those distant from each other. 
©1-I-go-sper-inat'I-cus.* Belong- 
ing to oligospermia. 
Ol-i-go-sper'mi-a.* [From oXi’yo;. 
“little,” and <nrtgga, “seed.”] Want oi 
deficiency of semen 
© l-i*g«-Ni»er mon*4. [05 igospcr'• 
mus; from the same.] Having few 
seeds; also, deficient :n semen. 
O-li'Yii. [From O'lea, the “olive.”] 
The olive-tree; also, the olive. See 
Olea. 
Olivseforniis. See Oliviformis. 
Olivaris. See Olivary. 
Ol'I-va-ry. [Oliva'ris; from the 
same.] Olive-shaped; like an olive. 
Olivo. See Olea, and Oliva. 
Ol'Ive Oil. A fixed oil expressed 
from the ripe fruit of the Oho Europtea. 
Ol'ive, Spurge. The Daphne meze- 
reon or mcseretim. 
Ol'ive-Tree. The Olea Europtea. 
O-liv-I-for'inis.* [From oli'va, an 
“olive.”] Having the form of an olive: 
oliveform. 
Ol. lini s. i. = O'leum li’ni si'ne 
ig'ne.* (Literally, “linseed oil without 
fire.”) “ Cold-drawn linseed oil.” 
Ol-o-plilyc'lis.* [FromdXoj,“whole,” 
and to “boil.”] A small hot 
eruption covering the whole b< dy. 
O-lop'ter-us.* [From 0X05, “ entire,” 
and irrepdv, a “wing.”] Having entire 
wings. 
Oin'a-grii.* [From (hgog, the “ shoul- 
der,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] Gout in 
the shoulder; pain of the shoulder. 
©m-ar-tl»ri'tis, irf/*.* [From eigof, the 
“shoulder,” and arthri'tis, “inflamma- 
tion of a joint.”] Inflammation of a 
shoulder-joint. 
O-mn'suin.' The third and small- 
est stomach of the Euminanlia. 
O-men-ta'lis.® Belonging to the 
omentum: omenlal. 
O-men-ti'tis, id)'*.* [From omen'tum, 
the “caul.”] Inflammation of the omen- 
tum ; epiploitis. 
[From omen'tum, 
the “caul,” and xtjXi), a “tumor.”] The 
same as Epiplocele. 
O-incn'tu-liim.* [Diminutive of 
omen'tum, a “caul.”] The Omentum 
Minus, which see. 
O-mon'tuni.* [Perhaps from o'men, 
a “ sign,” or “ omen ;” because the an- 
cient soothsayers consulted it in order 
to form their prognostications.] A du- 
plieature of the peritonaeum, with more 
or less fat interposed; called also epip'- 
lo'dt. 
Omen'tum Ma'ju*.* (“ Greater 
371 Omentum.”) This arises from the whole 
of the great curvature of the stomach, 
or a3 far as the spleen, descending over 
the intestines to the navel, and some- 
times into the pelvis. 
Oincn'tinn Mi'nus.® (“Smaller 
Omentum.”) A rising posteriorly from the 
transverse fissure of the liver, it passes 
over the duodenum, small lobe of the 
liver globulus Spiyelii), and pancreas, into 
the colon and small curvature of the 
stomach: also called Omentum hepatico- 
gastricum (i.c. the “omentum connected 
with the liver and stomach”). It is also 
termed Omenta/urn. 
O-mi'tis, idis.% [From iopog, the “shoul- 
der.”] Inflammation of or in the shoul- 
der. 
Omn. alt. hor. = Om'nibus alter'nis 
ho'ris.* “Every other hour.” 
Omn. bid. == Om'ni bid'uo.* “Every 
two days.” 
Omn. bib. = Om'ni biho'rio.* “Every 
two hours.” 
Omn. hor. = Om'ni ho'ra.* “Every 
hour.” 
Omn. man. = Om'ni ma'ue.* “Ev- 
ery morning.” 
Omn. noct. = Om'ni noc'te.* “Ev- 
ery night.” 
Omn. quadr. hor. = Om'ni quad- 
ran'te ho'rse.* “Every quarter of an 
hour.” 
Om-ni v'o-rons. [Omniv'orns; 
from om'nis, “all,” and vo'ro, to “ de- 
vour.”] Applied th animals which take 
all kinds of food. 
Om'o-IIy-o-i'de-ns.® [From iopog, the 
“ shoulder,” and os hyoi'des, the “ hyoid 
bone.”] The name of a muscle which 
arises from the shoulder and is inserted 
into the os hy aides. It depresses that 
bone and the lower jaw. 
O in-o- pit a'gl-a.* [From iopog, 
“ crude,” and payoo, to “ eat.”] The eat- 
ing of raw food. 
O-inopli'a-Kiis.* [From the same.] 
Living on raw food: omoph'agous. 
Omoplate, o'mo'p’At'. [/.e. “shoul- 
der-plate;” from iopog, the “shoulder,” 
and vXurvg, “flat,” or “broad.”] The 
French term for Scapula, which see. 
Om-o-to'ci-a.® [From iop6g, “ crude,” 
“untimely,” and rdeog, a “birth.”] A 
miscarriage or untimely birth. 
O-mot o-ous.® [From the same.] 
Bringing forth untimely offspring; mis- 
carrying. 
Om'phal-el-co'sis.* [From dppaXog, 
the “navel,” and eXswaig, “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration of the umbilicus. 
OME 
Oin-phal'ic. [Omphal'icus; from 
oppaXtig, the “ navel.”] Belonging to the 
umbilicus, or navel. 
Om-plia-Ii'lis, icZi's.* [From dpi.aXog, 
the “ navel.”] Inflammation of the um- 
bilicus, or its vessels. 
[From 6p'paX6g, 
the “navel,” and kjjXij, a “tumor.”] Pro- 
trusion of a portion of bowel, or omen- 
tum, or both, at the umbilicus; hernia 
umbilicalis ; exomphalos. 
Om'pha-loid. [Omplialoi'des; 
from dppaXog, the “navel,” and diog, a 
“form.”] Resembling the navel. 
Om-pha-lon'cus.;;: [From uppaXog, 
the “navel,” and Sysog, a “tumor.”] A 
hard tumor or swelling of the navel. 
Om-p3ia-Ior-rha'£i-a.* [From op- 
<paX6g, the “navel,” and piiyrvpt, to “burst 
forth.”] Haemorrhage from the umbilicus. 
Om-plia-lor-rhex'Is.* [From ippaXSg, 
the “navel,” and pn\ig, a “breaking.”] 
Rupture of the umbilical cord. 
Om-pha-lor-rhce'a.* [From dppa- 
Xog, the “navel,” and pie>, to “flow.”] 
Applied to an effusion of lymph from the 
umbilicus. 
Om-pha-lot o-itiy. [Onapliulo- 
to'mia; from dppaXog, the “navel,” and 
rip.'(Of to “ cut.”] Division of the um- 
bilical cord from the umbilicus. 
Onag;raeoay;s on-a-gra'she-e, or On'- 
agrie.® [From On'agra, ono of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
plants, natives of Europe and the temper- 
ate parts of America. It includes the 
Fuchsia and Epilohium. 
Oii'agrav* The Jussieuan name of 
a natural order of plants. See O.va- 
GRACEA5. 
O'nan-J&m. [Oiiaiiis'imis; from 
O'nan; see Genesis xxxviii.] The same 
as Masturbation (as applied to males). 
See Masturbation. 
On-c«-lo jfl-a.: [From Syrog, a “tu- 
mor,” and Xdyog, a “discourse.”] A trea- 
tise on tumors ; that branch of medicine 
which treats of boils or tumors. 
On-oo'sis.*- [From dysog, a “ tumor.”] 
The progress or formation of a boil or 
tumor. 
On-cot'o-inj'. [Oncoto'mia; from 
SvKOg, a “tumor,” and rip.to, to “cut.”] 
The cutting or opening of a boil, tumor, 
or abscess. 
O-nei-ro-dyn i-a. - [From ortqnv, a 
“dream,” and owrj, “pain,” or “dis- 
tress.”] Disturbance or restlessness of 
the imagination during sleep; night- 
mare. A genus of the order Vesanise, 
class Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
ONE 
372 ©neirodyn'ia Ac-ti'va.® Sleep- 
walking, or somnambulism. 
©neirodyn'ia ©ra'vans.* Night- 
mare. See Ephialtes, and Incubus. 
©neiragonorrhoea,* o-ni-ro-gon- 
or-re'a. [From ewupw, a “ dream,” yovo, 
“ semen,” and pcco, to “ flow.”] The same 
as Oneirogonus, which see. 
©-nei-rogo-mts. [From oveipoy, a 
“dream,” and yojr\, “semen.”] The 
emission of semen during sleep. See 
Spermatorrhiea Dormientium. 
©-nei-rol'o-gy. [©neirolo'gla; 
from ojapov, a “ dream,” and Xoyoy, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine or theory of 
dreams; the science of dreams. 
Onglade, £>N«'g]fkl'. The French term 
for Paronychia, which see. 
©ng-le, 6xgl. The French, term for 
Nail, which see. 
©n'ioji. The Allium cepa. 
©mon, S>ea. See Scilla Maritima. 
O-nas'cKS A-sel'lns.® The wood- 
louse. An insect found in rotten wood. 
It was once regarded as a stimulant and 
diuretic, and employed in jaundice. 
©n'o-nma,* plural ©-liom'a-ta. [Gr. 
Urofict.] A name. 
©-nom-a-tol'o-fejL [©nomatoEo'- 
gia; from o.ojia, a “name,” and \6yoa 
“ discourse.”] The science of names ; 
nomenclature. 
©n-om-a-to-pce'Ia,* or ©n-©m-a- 
to-poi-e'sis.* [From hopa, a “ name,” 
and tto'.co), to “make.”] The formation 
of names, or rather their creation in imi- 
tation of sound-s or indication of ap- 
pearances. 
©u-to-grrapli'ic. [©iitoivriipli- 
iciis.] Belonging to ontography. 
©B-tog'ra-phy. [ftntegra'phia; 
from top, ojto;, a “being, and y/jartw, to 
“write.”] A description of beings, their 
nature and essence. 
©n-to-logr'I-csil. [Ontolo£'icus.] 
Belonging to Ontology. 
©n-tol'o-gy. [Cntolo'ftia; from 
ijV, a “ being,” and Atfyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
The doctrine of beings, or of principles 
in tho abstract. Tho science of exist- 
ence, its ultimate laws, etc.; a branch of 
.■Metaphysics. 
©-n ych'I-a.* [From owl, the “nail” 
of the fingers or toes.] An abscess near 
the nail of the fingers; whitlow. See 
Paronychia. 
©-nycSPi-csis.*' Belonging to the 
nails. 
©ii-y’-dii'tas, i[From Swi, the 
“nail.”] Inflammation of the nail of a 
finger c r toe. 
ONE 
©n-y-cho-eli'ne.® [From ow£, the 
“nail,” and *Ai\vr), a “bed.”] The “bed 
of the nail.” An extremely sensitive 
portion of the finger or toe, lying imme- 
diately below the nail. 
©n-y-eho'deS.® [From owl, the 
“nail.”] Having large nails. 
On-j-vlio-i ties. [From ornf, tho 
“ nail,” and cilo;, a “ form.”] Like, or 
resembling, a nail; on'ychoid. 
©n-y-eUon'o-sos,* or Oii-y-vliou'- 
o-sus.* [From ovrf, the “nail,” and 
v6oa;, “ disease.”] Disease of the finger 
or toe nails. 
Wn-j-elio-sfro'nia.- [From owl, 
the “nail,” and <rrpiy<a, a “mattress,” or 
“bed.”] The same as Onycholine, which 
see. 
©'njfx, tychis.f [From owl, a “nail.”] 
A small collection of matter in the an- 
terior chamber of the eye, or between 
the layers of the cornea. Also, a pre- 
cious stone of the agate family, much 
prized for cameos. Named, perhaps, 
from the interchange of white and semi- 
transparent lines (or layers) resembling 
those sometimes occurring on the nail. 
©-iiyx'is.® [From owl, the “nail.”] 
A sinking or immersion of the nails into 
the flesh. 
©oides. See Ovoid. 
O'o-iic. [Ooi'na; from w,an “egg.”] 
A substance resembling or constituting 
albumen, or white cf egg. 
O'o-lite. [Ooli'tes; from tody, an 
“egg,” and XiICo;, a “stone.”] A name 
applied to those masses cf rock which 
result from an accumulation of small 
round particles like tho roo or eggs of a 
fish joined together, either immediately 
or by a visible cement. 
©-o-lit'ic. [©olit'Icus.] Belong- 
ing to an oolite. 
<>. ©. ©. = O'leum Oli'nc Ojp'timum.* 
“ Best olive oil.” 
©-o-plso-ri'tis, i[From ooph’o- 
rnm.] The same as Ovaritis, which see. 
©-©ph'o-ron,® or ©-opU'o-rum.S' 
[From cow, an “ egg,” to “ bear.”] 
Tho same as Ovary, which see. 
©-5»a<fl-fy. [©pa/citas, a'tis; from 
opa'cus, “dark,” “shady.”] Incapability 
of transmitting light; the reverse of 
transparency. Opacity is used to express 
any defect in the transparency of the cor- 
nea, from a slight film to an intense 
whiteness. 
©'pal. [Op'alras.] The name of a 
precious stone. 
©'pal, Previous. A beautiful and 
rare mineral, characterized by its irides- 
OPA 
373 OP A 
OPII 
cent reflection of light. It consists of 
silica, with about ten per cent, of water. 
Common Opal resembles the preceding 
in some respects, but has no play of 
colors. 
[From o’paint, 
the “ precious opal.”] A kind of re- 
flected milky light which some minerals 
exhibit. 
O'pa-lime. [Opali'ims; from tho 
same.] Having the milky and bluish 
tint, with the reflection of light, of tho 
opal. 
O'pal-ized. [Opaliza'tus; from 
the same.] Converted into, or assum- 
ing the appearance of, the opal. 
Op-e -ra tion. [Opera'tio, o'nis; 
from op'eror, opera'tus, to “operate,” to 
“work.”] The performance of any of 
the greater acts of surgery, as amputa- 
tion or excision of a limb or part, ty'ing 
of arteries, etc. 
O-per'cu-lar. [Opercnla'ris; from 
oper'culum, a “ lid.”] That which closes 
a cavity in the manner of a lid. A 
term used by Owen for tho diverging 
appendages of the tyinpano-mandibular 
arch. 
O-per'eu-latc. [Opercula'tus; 
from oper'culum, a “lid.”] Having a 
lid, or cover. 
O-per'cu-li-form. [Operculifor'- 
■nis: from oper'culum, a “lid.”] Hav- 
ing the form of an opercule, or lid. 
O-per'cu-lum.® [From ope'rio, oper'- 
tum, to “ cover.”] A lid, or cover. The 
cover of the peristome of mosses. Also, 
a bony formation which, with the sub- 
operculum and interoperculum, closes tho 
great opening of the gills of fishes: an 
opercule. 
O-pIil' awsis.® [From opts, a “ser- 
pent.”] A term applied by Celsus to a 
variety of Area (or baldness) which 
spreads in a serpentine form round both 
sides of the head from tho occiput. 
O-phidl-an. [ OpliiiSins; from 
ck/h?, a “serpent.”] Belonging to a ser- 
pent, or resembling serpents. 
©pliioglosaaceav* o-fe-o-glos-sa'- 
she-e. [From Ophioglos'sum, one of tho 
genera.] “Adders’ Tongues.” A nat- 
ural order of cryptogamic plants allied 
to ferns. 
O-phl-og'ra-pliy. [Opliiogra'- 
pliia; from opts, a “ serpent,” and ypaibco, 
to “ write.”] A description of serpents. 
O-pJii-o-i lies.* [From &pif, a “ser- 
pent,” and elfins, a “form.”] Resembling 
a serpent: o'phioid. 
O-plii-npli'a-goiis. [Ophioplia- 
gits; from opts, a “serpent,” and paym, 
to “eat.”] Eating serpents as food. 
Applied to certain birds. 
©-p!is-o.Vto-ma.® [From a 
“serpent,” and ffrrfga, a “mouth.”] The 
name of a genus of intestinal worms. 
OpSa-tDial'nm-gra.® [From opOnfi- 
puf, the “ eye,” and aypa, a “ seizure.”] 
Sudden pain of the eye, gouty in its na- 
ture or otherwise. 
Oph-tDiAl-mAl 'gl-a.® [From dpOaX- 
pu;, the “eye,” and dAyoj, “pain.”] The 
same as Ophthalmodynia, whicli see. 
0„>I!;-t 8nii-m:il 'gl-cus.® 1! el on gin g 
to ophthalmalgia: ophthalmalgie. 
©plE-tliiU-mn-tro'plii-a.® [From 
ipOaXpo;, the “eye,” and arpopia, a “pin- 
ing away.”] Atrophy, or wasting away, 
of the eye. 
OpSi-thdl'nii-a.® [From 6<p9a\p6s, the 
“eye.”] (Fr. Ophthalmie, of'tal'mi', or 
Ophthalmite, of't&l’nuk'.) Inflammation 
of the eye. A genus of the order Pldcg- 
manic:, class Pyrexice, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy. It is nearly synonymous with Oph- 
thalmitis. The following important 
varieties may be noticed. 
Catap.'p.hal Opiitiial'mia. [Ophthal- 
mia Catarrha'lis.] Arising from atmo- 
spheric causes, and popularly' designated 
by the terms cold, or blight. The expres- 
sion ophthalmia mucosa (“mucous oph- 
thalmia”) denotes the increased mucous 
discharge which accompanies it. It is 
seated in the conjunctiva. 
Gonorriiie'al Ophthal'mia. [Oph- 
thal’mia Gouorrho'ica.] A very' severe 
form of the disease, produced by the 
accidental introduction of gonorrhoeal 
matter into the eye. See Gonoruiioble- 
PIIARRIHEA. 
Ophthal'mia Neonato'rum.® (“Oph- 
thalmia of New-born [Children]”.) A 
kind of purulent ophthalmia which 
sometimes attacks infants soon after 
birth. 
Pu'rulknt Ophthal'mia. [Ophthal'- 
mia Purulen'ta.~\ Also termed Egyp'tian 
Ophthal'mia, because it is common in 
Egypt. An acuto form of ophthalmia, 
attended with a puriform secretion. This 
is the blepharo-blennorrhoea, ophthahno- 
blennorrhcea, of Schmidt and Beer. This 
form of the disease is generally', if not 
always, contagious. 
©pli-< hAI 'mlc. [Ophtfeal 'isiiciss; 
from d/i'GX/i'k, the “eye.”] Belonging to, 
or connected with, the eye, or with oph- 
thalmia. 
Ophthalmic Ganglion. Sec Len- 
ticular Ganglion. 
374 ©pit 
OPI 
Oph-thal-mit'ic. [Oplithalniit'l- 
«?us.] Belonging to ophthalmitis. 
0]>li-tliul-mi tiN. lefts.* [From 6<j>- 
Qa\p%, the “eye.”] Inflammation of the 
eye; more specially of the bulb or globe 
of the eye, with its membranes. Nearly 
synonymous with Ophthalmia. 
Opli - > Jial - mo - bleu - nor-rhue'a.* 
[From obOaXpos, the “ eye,” @\ivva, “ mu- 
cus,” and pito, to “flow.”] Literally, a 
“flow of mucus from the eye:” usually 
applied to a gonorrhoeal discharge from 
the eyelids. See Ophthalmia (Gonor- 
rhieal). 
Opli-tlisil-ino-ear-fi-uo'ma, at is* 
[From uyOaXpths, the “ eye,” and sapKivwpn, 
a “cancerous tumor.”] Cancer of the 
eye. 
[From 6ip9a\- 
p<>i, the “eye,” and KijXn, a “tumor.”] 
The same as Ophthalmoptoma. 
©ph-tUftl-mo-vel'I-eus.* Belong- 
ing to ophthalmocele: ophthalmocel'ic. 
©ph-thal-mo-dyn'I-a.*' [From dp- 
Qa\p6f, the “eye,” and divt/ri, “pain.”] 
Violent pain in the eye, not the effect 
of inflammation. 
Ojtii-lliai-mog rii-jsliy. [ Ojilit lial- 
mogra'phia; from 6p0a\p6$, the “eye,” 
and ypaipw, to “write.”] A description 
of the eye. 
[Ophthal- 
molft'g-ia; from opOaXpdf, the “ eye,” 
and Aoyo{, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on 
the eye. That part of Anatomy which 
treats of the eye. 
Ojili-I SsaJ-ino-ina-crosis.® [From 
dipOaXpdg, the “eye,” and paspog, “long,” 
or “ great.”] Enlargement of the eye- 
balls. 
4»ph-thal-mom'e-ter. [Oplitlial- 
moin'etrnni; from 6p0a\p6j, the “eye,” 
and phpov, a “ measure.”] An instru- 
ment for measuring the capacity of the 
chambers of the eye. 
<> 3 > Is-Ilia I-ino5>Es'Slit-sis.® [From 
dpQaXpos, the “eye,” and <p9iais, a “wast- 
ing.”] Wasting, or diminution, of the 
eyeballs. 
©pl»-tI»al-mo-ple'&I-a.* [From 6<P- 
OaXpdf, the “eye,” and irA;jyij, a “stroke,” 
or “wound.”] Paralysis of the muscles 
of the eyeball. 
Opli-tlitil*inop-to'ina, atis* [From 
dpdaXpo;, the “ eye,” and nnUpa, a “fall.”] 
Procidentia oculi, or protrusion of the 
eyeball: usually caused by some tumor 
or aoscess within the orbit. See Oph- 
thalmocele. 
The pro- 
gress of ophthalmoptoma. 
Oph-thiil-mor-rlia'gi-a.* [From 
6<p6aXp6g, the “ eye,” and phyvvpi, to “burst 
forth.”] Hasmorrhage from the eye or 
orbit. 
Opli-tliiil-inor-r Ilex'is. ® [From 
dipOaXpos, the “ eye,” and a “ break 
ing,” or “ bursting.”] A bursting, or 
disruption, of the eyeball. 
Opli-t lijil-mor-rli<e'a.* [From o0- 
0aX/iof, the “eye,’' and pc<o, to “flow.”] 
An oozing (of blood) from the eye. 
Oplithalmorrhoe'a Ex-ler'na.® 
Extravasation of blood beneath the eye- 
lids. 
Ophthalmorrhoe'a Iii-ter'na.® A 
term for extravasation of blood within 
the eye. 
Opli-tlial'mo-seope. [Oplithal- 
nios'eopus: from o<p8a\p(5y, the “eye,” 
and okottcu), to “ examine.”] An instru- 
ment for facilitating examination of the 
eye. 
Oph-tlial-nio-scop'ic. [Ophtbal- 
liioscop'icus.] Belonging to ophthal- 
moscopy. 
Opli-thiil-iiios'co-py. [OplithaU 
mosco'pia; from dtj.Oa'hpos, the “eye,” 
and oxOTroo, to “ examine.”] Examina- 
tion, or inspection, of the eyes. 
Opiane. See Narcotine. 
O'pi-ate. [Opia'tum: from o'pium.\ 
A medicine which causes sleep. 
O'pl-i ,* the genitive of Opium. 
Op -is-tliot-o-no-i'deS.® [From opis- 
thot'onos, and cioos, a “ form.”] Resem- 
bling opisthotonos. 
Op -is-ttiot'o-nos.® [From thrurOc, “ at 
the back,” and m'ra, to “ stretch,” or 
“ bend.”] Bent or stretched backwards; 
a variety of tetanus. 
O'pl-um.* [Gr. ornov; from (i 
“juice.”] The Pharmaeopoeial name || of 
the concrete juice of the Papa'ver somnif- 
erum, obtained from incisions in the cor- 
tical part of its capsule. Good opium 
should yield at least seven per cent, of 
morphia by the officinal process. Opium 
is a stimulant narcotic. Taken in a 
moderate dose, its first effect is to increase 
the force and fulness of the pulse, to 
augment the temperature of the skin, to 
quicken the senses and give new energy 
to the intellectual faculties. This state 
of excitement gradually subsides, and is 
followed by a feeling of placid repose, 
which at length terminates in sleep. 
Some persons, however, are not affected 
by opium in the manner here described, 
but are rendered restless, and even deli- 
rious, by its action. When this narcotic 
has been taken in poisonous doses, the 
375 OPO 
ORA 
patient soon sinks into a profound leth- 
argy or torpor, and death ensues, caused, 
it would seem, by a suspension of respi- 
ration from the want of due influence 
from the brain. As a medicine, opium 
(or its preparations) may be advan- 
tageously employed in a greater variety 
of affections than perhaps any other 
article in the Materia Medica. For 
allaying restlessness, assuaging pain, 
and producing sleep, it is an invaluablo 
resource to the physician. Being a power- 
ful antispasmodie, it may often be used 
with the greatest advantage in tetanus, 
colic, violent cough, especially of a ner- 
vous character, and other convulsive af- 
fections. Its influence in checking the 
secretions, renders it a most valuable 
remedy in diarrhoea, in catarrh attended 
with excessive expectoration, in diabetes, 
etc. But, if it is one of the most useful 
of medicines, it is also perhaps more 
than any other, liable to abuse; the 
habit of taking it, when not absolutely 
needed, is easily acquired, and is often 
followed by the most distressing and de- 
plorable effects on both the body and 
the mind. See Poisons. 
Op-o-bal'sain. [Opebal'samum; 
from oiros, “juice,” and bal'samum.] 
The most valued of the balsams; also 
called Balm of Gilead. It is obtained 
from the Amyris Gileadensis, otherwise 
called A. opobalsamum. The same as 
Balsam of Mecca, which see. 
Op-o-del'doc. The camphorated 
soap-liniment. 
O-po-i'dI-a Gal-ba-nif'e-ra.* The 
name of the plant to which the Dublin 
College has referred the gum-resin gal- 
banum. 
O-pop'o-nax, a'cm.* [From dird;, 
“juice,” and ira.va\, the “panacea herb.”] 
A gum-resin obtained from a plant for- 
merly called Pastina'ca opop'onax, now 
Opop'onax chiro'ilium. 
Opop'onax dii-ro'ni-nin.'* A new 
name for the plant which affords Opopo- 
nax; formerly called Pastinaea opopouax. 
Oppllatio (op-pe-la'she-o), o '»»«#.* 
[From oppi'lo, oppila'turn, to “obstruct.”] 
Synonymous with Obstipation, and 
Constipation, which see. 
Op-po'nens Pol'li-cis.* (“ Oppos- 
ing [Muscle] of the Thumb.”) [From 
oppo'no, to “oppose,” and pol'lex, pot'li- 
ds, the “thumb.”] A muscle which 
arises from the annular ligament of the 
wrist, etc., and is inserted into the 
thumb. It brings the thumb inwards, 
thus opposing it to the fingers. 
Op'po-slte. [From oppo'no, oppos'- 
itum, to “ place against.”] A term ap- 
plied to leaves when two of them aro 
situated at the same node, on opposite 
sides of the stem. 
Op-pos i-ti-l'o'li-ous. [Oppositi- 
fo'lius; from oppos'itus, and fo'lium, a 
“leaf.”] Having opposite leaves. Also, 
growing opposite a leaf. Applied to a 
pedunelo or a tendril. 
Op-posi-tI-p<‘n-na'tns.* [From 
oppo'no, oppos'itum, to “place against,” 
and pcnna'tiis, “feathery.”] Applied to 
pennate leaves of which the folioles are 
opposite: oppositipen'nate. 
Op-pres'aion. [Oppros sio, o'nis; 
from op'primo, oppres' sum, to “ press 
down.”] A sensation of weight on a 
part; the state of being oppressed. 
Oppression, Pre-cor'di-al. A 
sense of weight experienced about the 
prsecordia, or fore part of the chest. 
Op'tic. [Op'ticus; from orrrio, to 
“see.”] Relating to the organ of vision. 
Op'tic Serve. [Jier'vus Op'ticus, 
plural Jier'vi Op'tici.] The optic nerve 
forms the communication between the 
brain and the organ of vision. The ex- 
pansion of its orbital extremity consti- 
tutes the retina. The optic nerves are 
also called the Par secundum, or “Se- 
cond Pair,” of (lie encephalic nerves, 
the olfactory being reckoned as the first. 
Op'tic Thal'a-mus. [Tha lam us 
Op'ticus.] Each of two eminences in 
the anterior and internal part of the 
lateral ventricles of the brain; the bed 
of the optic nerve. 
Op'tics. [Op'tica; from Srreo, to 
“see.”] The branch of physical science 
which treats of the phenomena of light 
and vision, and of the instruments by the 
use of which the faculty of vision is aided 
and improved. 
Opun'tia (o-pun'she-a) Coc-cl-nel- 
lif'er-a.* The Nopal, a cactaceous 
plant on which the cochineal insects feed. 
The natives in the Mexican State of 
Oajaca form plantations of the Nopal 
for the culture of these valuable insert*, 
of which three crops are said to be col- 
lected annually. 
Or, on. The French term for Gold, 
which see. 
O'ra.* The plural of Os, a “mouth," 
which see. 
O'ral. [Ora'lis; from os, o'ris, a 
“mouth.”] Relating to the mouth, or 
uttered by the mouth ; verbal. 
Or ange. [Auran'tium.] The fruit 
of the Citrus aurantuim. 
376 ORA 
ORD 
Or’ange, Sev ille (sev'il). A variety 
of the Citrus anrantium. 
©r-bic'11-lar. [Orbicula'rts; from 
orbic'nlus, diminutive of or'bis, an “ orb,” 
or “circle.”] Shaped like an orb; circu- 
lar in outline. 
Or-bic-u-la're Os.* (“ Orbicular 
Bone.”) The small orbed bone of the 
ear articulating with the head of the 
stapes. 
Or-bic-11-la'ris Oc'11-li.* (“ Circular 
[Muscle] of the Eye.”) The same as 
the Orricularis Palpebrarum. 
©rbicula'ris O'ris.* (“ Circular 
[Muscle] of the Mouth.”) A muscle con- 
stituting the substanco of the lips; also 
termed constric'tor o'ris, sphinc'ter labio'- 
rum, or ostnla'tor* 
Orbirula'ris Pal-pc-bra'rum.* 
(“Circular [Muscle] of the Eyelids.”) 
A muscle arising from the outer edge of 
the orbitar process and inserted into the 
nasal process of the superior maxillary 
bone. It shuts the eye. 
©r-bic'tj-latc. [Orbicula'tus; from 
orbic'ulus, a “little circle, or round 
ball.”] Round and flat. Applied to 
leaves. In Zoology, having the shell 
round, or orbicular. 
©r-bic'M-liis.* [Diminutive of or'- 
bis, a “ circle.”] A little circle. See 
next article. 
©rbic'ulus Cil-S-a'ris.* (“ Ciliary 
Circle.”) The white circle formed by the 
ciliary ligament, marking the distinction 
between the choroid and iris. 
Or'bit. [From or’bita, a “track,” or 
“path,” the “rut of a wheel.”] The 
path described by a planet in its course 
round the sun, or by a moon round its 
primary planet. Also applied to the bony 
cavity in which the eyeball is located, 
the eye being compared to a wheel (orbit), 
and the socket to the rut or cavity into 
which the wheel has sunk. 
Or'bl-tal. [Orbita'lis; from or’- 
bita, the “orbit of the eye.”] Belonging 
to the orbit of the eye. 
Or'bl-ta-ry. [Orbita'rins, or Or- 
bita'ris; from the same.] Relating to 
the orbit of the eye. 
©r-bi-to-sphe'noid. [Orbitosphe- 
noi'des: from or'bita, the “orbit,” and 
sphenoi'des os, the “sphenoid bone.”] 
A term used by Owen for the orbital, or 
lesser, wing of the sphenoid bone. 
©r-etie-i'tls, i cl is.* [From Spxsa for 
oa-ytov, the “ scrotum.”] Inflammation of 
the scrotum. 
Or-cliel'la.* The Roccel'laTincto'ria, 
a plant of the order Lichenes, which 
yields the coloring matter called orchil. 
or archil. 
Or'4'li«‘-o-^t*Ie.s The same as Os- 
cheocele. 
Or-die-o-plast). [Orcheoplas'- 
tin; from iipxsa, a term for the “ scrotum,” 
and 7r\aoo(x>, to “ form.”] The operation 
of removing fungous portions of the 
scrotum, and supplying their place with 
healthy flaps from the vicinity. 
Orcheotomia. See Orchotomy. 
Or-thi-al'p-a.® [From oPX's, a “tes- 
ticle,” and aXyoj, “ pain.”] Pain in the 
testicle. 
OrcUidacese,* or-ke-da'she-e, or Or'- 
vlsi-des. A natural order of endoge- 
nous herbaceous plants, found in all parts 
of the world except those regions which 
are excessively cold or dry. Some of 
them are parasitical. This order, which 
is more remarkable for beauty than 
utility, includes the Or'chis and the de- 
lightful aromatic known as Vanilla. 
Orchidalgla. See Orchialgia. 
Or-A’Ilid e-ens. [Orcliid'cum.] Re- 
sembling the Orchis, or relating to the 
Orchis. 
Or'chi-dcS,* the plural of Or'chis, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Orchidace.*. 
Orctiidotomia. See Orchotomy. 
Orchids. The same as Orchides. 
Or-chil 1st.* The same as Orcheli.A- 
[From SpX's, a “tes- 
ticle,” and *17X17, a “tumor.”] Hernia of 
the testicle. 
Or-clil-o-dyn 'I-a.* [From 6pX‘s, a 
“testicle,” and olmn, “pain.”] Pain, of 
a pungent character, in the testicle. 
Or-chl-o-scir'rhus.* [From 
a “testicle,” and ok'h'[>os, an “indurated 
tumor.”] Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, 
of the testicle. 
Orchiolomia. See Orchotomy. 
Or'chis Mas'cu-Ia.* The Male Or- 
chis ; a plant from the tubers of which 
salep is procured. 
Or-chit'I-cus.* Belonging to orchi- 
tis : orchit'ic. 
Or-chi'tis, Id is.* [From Spx>s, a 
“testicle.”] Inflammation of the tes- 
ticle ; swelled testicle. The same as 
Hernia Hcmoralis. 
Or-chot'o-my. [Orchoto'mia; 
from SpX's. a “ testicle,” and tc/xvio, to 
“cut.”] The operation of cutting out 
or removing a testicle by the knife; cas- 
tration. 
©r'der. [Or'do, Or'dinis.] A di- 
vision of a class, comprising genera vary- 
ing in some respects from each other, 
377 ORD 
ORG 
but agreeing in essential characters. In 
Architecture, a system or assemblage of 
parts arranged according to some par- 
ticular plan or style. 
Or'dl-neS,* gen. ©r'<ll-miin. The 
plural of Ordo. See Order. 
Or'tlo.* The Latin term for Order, 
which see. 
Ore. [Probably from «s, se'ris, 
“brass.”] A mineral substance from 
which a metal is extracted; a native 
combination of a metal with some sub- 
stance which disguises its metallic pro- 
perties. Ores are termed sulphurets when 
combined with sulphur, oxides when com- 
bined with oxygen, and salts when com- 
bined with acids. 
Or'gan. [Or'gannm; from opyavov, 
an “instrument,” or “organ.”] A part 
of an animal or vegetable capable of 
performing some act or office appropriate 
to itself. 
©r-gan'ic. [Organ'ions; from the 
same.] Relating to, or acting by means 
of, organs; having an organized struc- 
ture. Generally used to express the dis- 
tinction between a disease of structure 
and one of function, the former being 
organic, the latter f unctional. 
Organ'ic Chbm'istry is that branch 
f Chemistry which treats of the pro- 
perties and combinations of animal and 
vegetable substances. 
Organ'ic Fdnc'tions are those pos- 
sessed by both animals and vegetables. 
Organic Force. See Vital Force. 
Organ'ic Life. A term applied to 
that life which belongs properly to the 
organs necessary to vital existence. It is 
shared in common by both animals and 
vegetables, and is c mtradistinguished 
from animal life, comprising those func- 
tions which are peculiar to animals. 
Organ’ic Mol'c-eules. [Molec'- 
ulie A term applied by 
Spallanzani to certain floating bodies sup- 
posed to exist in the male semen, and 
which he regarded as primordial monads 
of peculiar activity existing through all 
nature and constituting the nutrient ele- 
ments of living matter. 
Organ'ic Re-mains'. The remains 
of plaits and animals; that is, all or- 
ganized bodies found in a fossil state. 
©r'gan-iftni. [ Organ is'inns; from 
bpyouoj, an “organ.”] Organic structure; 
the living economy; the assemblage of 
the forces which act in organized beings. 
O r-gan-1-za' t ion. [ Organ isn't io. 
o'nfs; from opyavov, an “organ,”] The 
process by which an organized body is 
formed; also, the totality of the parts 
which constitute, and of the laws which 
regulate, an organized body. 
Or'gaii-izc«l. [Organiza'tiM; from 
opyavov, an “organ.”] Having a defined 
structure; formed, or furnished, with 
organs, each of which has its proper 
function. 
Or-ga-noK'e-ny. [Organoge'nia: 
from opyavov, an “ organ,” and yeveois, 
“ generation.”] Originally, the forma- 
tion, or growth, of organs; usually ap- 
plied to a description of the organs of a 
living body. 
Or-gnn -o-graph 'i-cal. [Organo- 
graiili'icus.] Relating to organogra- 
phy- 
ra-phy. [ O rgan ogra' - 
pliia: from opyavov, an “organ,” and 
ypi'ubo), to “ write.”] A description of the 
organs of some living body; the study 
of the organs or conspicuous parts of 
plants as to their external •conformation, 
including Morphology (the study of 
forms).—(Guay.) 
©r-ga-no-Io£'I-cal. [O rganolog'- 
icns.] Relating to organology. 
Or-ga-nol ‘o-gy. [Organolo'gia; 
from bp/a oi, an “organ,” and Xiiyoj, a 
“ speech.”] That branch of Physiology 
which treats of the different organs of 
animals, but more particularly of those 
of the human body. 
Organon, Orgamini. Bee Organ. 
©r-ga-no-no'inl-n.* [From opyavov, 
an “organ,” and vopo;, a “law.”] A de- 
claration of the laws which regulate the 
activity of the organism, or organic life: 
orgnnon'omy. 
©r-ga-no-noin'I-cus.* Belonging 
to organonomia. 
Or'gans of Rc-pro-rinc'tion. Ap- 
plied in Botany to the flowers (consisting 
essentially of stamens and pistils). 
Or'guns of Ycg-e-ta'tion (in other 
words, the organs which are essential to 
vegetable life, or the life of the indi- 
vidual plant). This term includes the 
root, stem, and leaves, which are also 
called the fundamental orgatis of plants. 
Or'ga&m. (Orgasiims; from dpyaw, 
to “swell.”] Eager desire or excite- 
ment, especially venereal; salacity. See 
CEstrum. 
Orgasm, Diseases affecting' tlie. 
See Orgastica. 
©r-gas'tl-ca.* [From oryas’ticus.'] 
The name of an order of the class Gene- 
tica in Good’s Nosology. It comprises 
diseases affecting the procreative power. 
Or-gas' ti-cus.:ii Belonging to orgasm. 
378 ORG 
ORK 
Orgeat, or'zhat. (French pronuncia- 
tion, ou’zhii.'.) A sweetened emulsion of 
almonds with orange-flower water. 
Or-I-cbal'cuin.* [From opog, a 
“ mountain,” and xaXxcj, “ brass.”] Lite- 
rally, “ mountain brass.” A peculiar 
kind of mixed metal in general use 
among the ancient Greeks and Romans. 
It is proved to have been composed of 
nearly the same ingredients as brass. 
O'ri-ciit. [O'riens; from o'rior, to 
“rise up,” to “arise.”] Literally, the 
“ rising.” Applied to that part of the 
heavens at which the sun arises and 
ascends above the horizon ; eastern. 
Or'I-fice. [Oritic'ium; from os, 
o'vis, a “ mouth,” and fa'cio, to “ make.”] 
A mouth or entrance to any cavity of 
the body; as the orifice of the stomach. 
O-riga-nuni. [Gr. opciyanw.] A 
Linnaean genus of the class Didynumia, 
natural order Labiatse. The Pharrna- 
copoeial name (Ed. and U.S. Ph.) of 
Origanum vidgare, or common marjoram. 
Origanum Mar-jo-ra'na.® The 
sweet marjoram. 
Orig'anuin Vul-ga're.® The com- 
mon marjoram. 
Or'I-gin. [From ori'go, orig' inis, a 
“ source,” “beginning.”] Properly, the 
source or commencement of any thing. 
The commencement of a muscle from 
any part. Its attachment to the part it 
moves is called its insertion. 
Or-Io-a na, Ter'rsi.* A name for 
annotto. 
Orine, ORm. The French for “elm.” 
See Ulmus. 
Or-ni-thich-ni tis.* [From opvig, 
opvSog, a “bird,” and ixvog, a “path,” or 
“track.”] A name applied to the stone 
found in Massachusetts, marked with the 
track of birds’ feet. 
Or-nldho-fepli'a-loas. [Orni- 
tborepli'aluM; from opvig, a “bird,” and 
KspaXf), a “ head.”] Having the appear- 
ance of a bird’s head. Applied to parts 
of certain plants and shells. 
Or-nl-tho-co'prus.® [From opvig, a 
“bird,” and xonpog, “ dung.”] A name for 
Guano, which see. 
Or'nI-thoid. [Ornitboi'des; from 
oprtg, a “bird,” and diog, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a bird. 
Or-nith'o-lite. [Ornitholi'tes; 
from Sprig, a “ bird,” and \i8og, a “ stone.”] 
Applied to the fossil remains of birds. 
O r-111-tlioli-thus.® [From the 
same.] The petrifaction of birds. 
Or-nX-tho-log’i-cal. Ornltho- 
log'ieus.] Relating to Ornithology. 
Or-ni-lholo-gy. [Ornitholo'gia 5 
from opvig, opmOos, a "bird,” and Xoyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] The science which treats 
of the natural history and classification 
of birds. 
Or-ni-tho-rhyn'clins.* [From bpvig, 
opviBog, a “bird,” and pvy\og, a “beak.”] 
A remarkable animal of Australia, having 
the body of a quadruped and a mouth 
which resembles the bill of a duck. 
Or'mis.* [From dpcirog, “mountain- 
ous.”] The Wild Ash. A Linnaean 
genus of the class Fulygamia, natural 
order Oleacese. 
Or'nus Eu-ro-pse'a.* The tree 
which chiefly yields manna. Also named 
Frax'inus or'ints. 
Orobancliacese,® or-o-ban -k a'sh e-e. 
[From Orobau'che, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
parasitical plants, found in Europe, Asia, 
and North America. 
©r-o-bo-i'defc.* [From opoGog, “pulse,” 
and rif'n;, a “form.”] Resembling pulse. 
O-rog-no'sI-a.® [From o/og, a “ moun- 
tain,” and yvCxng, “knowledge.”] The 
science which treats of mountains, their 
origin, structure, etc. 
O- ro-grapli' I-cal. [Orograph 'i* 
ciis.] Relating to orography. 
O-rog'ra-pb}. [Orogra'pliia; 
from opog, a “ mountain,” and ypuibw, to 
“write.”] A description of mountains. 
Or-o-liy-ilrog'ra-pliy. [Oroliy- 
tlrogra pbia; from opog, a “mountain,” 
woip, “ water,” and ypiiipo), to “ write.”] A 
history of waters which flow from moun- 
tains, or of the waters and geognostic 
formations of a country. 
O-ro-lo&'i-cal. [Orolog'icus.] 
Relating to orology. 
O-rol'o-gy. [Orolo'gia; from opog, a 
“ mountain,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
A dissertation on mountains. The sci- 
ence which treats of the structure, etc., 
of mountains. 
Orontiaceie,* o-ron-te-a'she-e. [From 
Oron'tium, one of the genera.] A nat- 
ural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in many tropical and tem- 
perate regions. It includes the Cal'la 
pains'tris, and Ac'orus cal'amvs. Seve- 
ral of the genera are stimulant and 
tonic. 
Or'pl-mcnt. [Orpimcn'tiini: i.e. 
au'ri pigmen’turn, “pigment of gold:” so 
named from its color.] Yellow sulphu- 
ret of arsenic, or king’s yellow. 
Or-rhor-rha'gi-a.* [From Sfpiig, 
“serum,” and pr/ympt, to “burst forth.”] 
A sudden discharge or bursting forth of 
379 serum, as from the bowels in Asiatic 
cholera. 
Or-rlior-rlioe'a.® [From dfpds, “se- 
rum,” and pca>, to “flow.”] A flow or 
discharge of serum; a watery dis- 
charge. 
©r-rho-so'len, e'nis.* [From dfpds, 
“ serum,” and trojXryj, a “ pipe.”] A lym- 
phatic vessel. 
Or-rliy'men, en»»,* or ©r-rlio-hy'- 
men.® [From dppos, “ serum,” and vppv, 
a “membrane.”] A serous membrane. 
rtr-rliy-me-ni'tis, 1 dig,* or ©r-rho- 
liy-me-ni'tis.® [From orrhy'men.] In- 
flammation of a serous membrane. 
Or-rl»y-inen-o-i'<leS.* [From or- 
rhy'men, and £?&>;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a serous membrane. 
Orris Florentine. See Iris Flo- 
rentina. 
©r-tha-can'thus.® [From dp'M?, 
“straight,” or “right,” and uxavda, a 
“spine.”] Having straight spines: or- 
thaean thous. 
Or-thar'thra-g'ra.® [From dpdos, 
“straight,” or “right,” “true,” apdpoj, a 
“joint,” and aypa, a “seizure.”] True 
or regular gout. 
©r-thoc'Ia-dus.* [From dpOos, 
“ straight,” or “ right,” and xXi&os, a 
“branch.”] Having straight or upright 
branches. 
Or-tho-pse-di'a.® [From dpdos, 
“straight,” or “right,” .and naTs, a 
“child.”] The straightening, correcting, 
or curing deformities of children. 
©r-tl«o-ped'ic. [Orthopse dicus. ] 
Belonging to orthopssdia. 
©r-thop-nee'a.® [From dpdos, 
“straight,”or “right,”and nt/dp, “breath- 
ing.”] Literally, “upright breathing.” 
Quick and labored breathing, in which 
the person has to maintain an upright 
posture to allow of even this. 
©r-tliop-no'I-cus.® Belonging to 
orthopnix' a. 
©r-tliop'ter-us.® [From dpdos, 
“ straight,” and nnpdi/, a “wing.”] 
Straight-winged. Applied in the plural 
neuter (Orthop'tera) to an order of 
insects: orthop'terous. 
© r- tl 1 os' to-inns.® [From dpdos, 
“ straight,” and oropa, a “ mouth.”] Hav- 
ing the mouth or opening straight: or- 
thostomous. 
Or-thot'ro-pal, or ©r-thot'ro- 
pous. [From dpdos, “ straight,” and rphtoo, 
to “ turn.”] A term applied to a straight 
ovule of a plant which has its radicle 
next to the hilum. 
O-ryc-1 o-clu>ini-a.® [From ipy<rrdj, 
ORR 
“dug out,” “ fossil,” and xnpt'a, “chemis- 
try.”] The chemical examination of 
fossils. 
[Oryctogo'nia; 
from cfivKTOf, “fossil,” and yivvtuo, to 
“produce.”] The generating or produ- 
cing of fossils. 
©-ryc-to-£e-o-lo£'i-eal. [Orycto- 
geoiojy'icus.] Belonging to orycto- 
geology. 
O-ryc-lo-gc-ol 'o-iry. [Oryctoge- 
from opwrdf, a “fossil,” or 
“mineral,” yn, the “earth,” and Aoyo?, a 
“discourse.”] That branch of scienco 
which treats of the arrangement of mine- 
rals in the bosom of the earth. 
O-rJc-tog-nos'tic. [©ryctosiios'- 
ticus.] Relating to oryctognosy. 
(t-ryc-tog no-sy. [Oryclogno'sia; 
from dpi'xrdf, “ fossil,” and yvS>&is, “ know- 
ledge.”] The same as Oryctoi.ogy. 
©-rjfa-to-grapli i-cal. [Orycto- 
grapli'icus.] Belonging to oryctog- 
raphy. 
©-ryc-tog-'ra-phy. [©ryctogra'- 
pltiu: from op kt6s, “fossil.” and ypdfco, 
to “ write.”] A description of fossils or 
minerals. 
O-s-yc-to-lo&'I-cal. [©ryctoio£'i- 
cns.] Belonging to oryctology. 
O-ryc-toI'o-sy. [©ryetolo'sia; 
from dpuKr&s, “fossil,” and Adyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] That department of Natural 
History which treats of fossil organic 
remains. This term is sometimes used 
to denote those parts of Mineralogy 
which have for their object the classifi- 
cation of minerals, tlieir description, 
nomenclature, and arrangement. 
O-ryc-toin'e-try. [©ryctome'- 
tria; from dpvKros, “fossil,” and perpao, 
to “ measure.”] The science of measur- 
ing fossils. 
O-ryrc-to-KO-o-lo'gl-a.® [From 
dpiwrdf, “fossil,” an “animal,” and 
Aayof, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on ani- 
mal fossils: oryetozoology. 
O-ry c-to-zo-o-lo£ i-ens.® B el on g- 
ing to oryctozoologia : oryctozoblogical. 
©-ry'za.* A Lin mean genus of the 
class Triandria, natural order Gramina- 
cese. The rice-plant. 
Ory'za Sa-ti'va.* The systematic 
name of the rice-plant. 
O-ry-zo-i'deS.* [From ory’za, “rice,” 
and £?dof, a “form.”] Resembling the 
rice-plant. 
Os,® genitive O'ris, plural O'ra. 
The mouth, or aperture by which food is 
received into the body, and in which, by 
its peculiar apparatus of nerves, mus- 
OS 
380 OS 
OSP 
cles, bones, and teeth, taste, speech, res- 
piration, suction, mastication, and deg- 
lutition are exercised or performed. Also 
applied to various apertures or openings 
of the body. 
©s,® genitive ©s'sis, nominative plu- 
ral Os sa, genitive ©88ium, osh'e-um. 
[Gr. dariov; Fr. Os, o.] A bone. See 
Bonk. 
©s Coc'py-sis. See Coccyx. 
Os Crlbleux, o kiiAbluh'. The 
French term for the Ethmoid Bone. 
©s de la Culsse, o d’l& kwess. The 
French term for Femur, which see. 
©s de l’Assiette, o d’l&'se-ett'. The 
French term for Ischium, which see. 
Os Ex-ter'iuim.® (“ External Ap- 
erture.”) The opening or entrance of 
the vagina. See Os Internum. 
©s Femoris. See Femur. 
©s I-li'a-cum,® plural ©s'sa I-li'a- 
ca. Another name for the Os Innomi- 
natum. See Ossa Innominata. 
©s Ilium. See Ilium. 
©s Innominatum. See Ossa In- 
nominata. 
©s Iu-ter'uuiu.“ or ©s Tiu'ca1. 
The orifice of the uterus or womb. 
Os Iseliii. See Ischium. 
©s Lachrymal*. See Unguis Os. 
©sOrblculare. See Orbiculare Os. 
©s I'iibis. See Pubis, Os. 
©s U'te-ri.® (“ Mouth of the Uterus.”) 
See Uterus. 
©s'ehe-al. [Oscliea'lis; from bxtov, 
the “scrotum.”] Belonging to the scro- 
tum. 
©s-ehe-i'tis, 1 dis.* [From ooxcov, the 
“ scrotum.”] Inflammation of the scro- 
tum; also, the same as Orciieitis. 
Os-eliel-o-pliaii-t i ’a-sis.* [From 
nj\tov, the “scrotum,” and elejyhanti' asi8.~[ 
Enormous enlargement of the scrotum. 
a tis.* [From 
Ihxcnv, the “scrotum,” and KapsOwpa, a 
“cancer.”] Cancer of the scrotum. 
©s'«he-o-?ele.® [From ooxcov, the 
“scrotum,” and KrjXn, a “tumor.”] Tu- 
mor of the scrotum; also, scrotal hernia. 
©s'cil-lat-ing'. [©s'cillaiis; from 
osril'lo, oscilla'tum, to “oscillate,” to 
“swing as a pendulum.”] Applied to 
anthers attached, not by a fillet, but by 
a very small point towards the middle 
of their length, so that they are nearly 
balanced, and move from the slightest 
cause. 
©s-cll-la'tion. [©scllla'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A swinging motion to 
and fro; also, a tremulous or vibrating 
motion. 
©s-eil’lsy-to-ry. [Oscillato'rius; 
from the same.] Swinging or moving 
like a pendulum. Applied to the arterial 
pulsation, etc. 
©s'cl-tant. [Os'citans; from os'ci- 
to, oscita'tum, to “yawn.”] Yawning; 
gaping: sleepy; sluggish. 
Os-ci-ta'tion. [©scita'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of yawning. 
©s'cu-late. [Oscula'lus; from os'- 
culum, a “ little mouth.”] Having little 
mouths or suckers. 
©s-cn-la'tor.® (“Thatwhich kisses;-’ 
from os'culor, osctila'tus, to “kiss:” so 
named because itcontractsthemouth.) A 
name for the Orbicularis Okis (Muscle), 
which see. 
©s'cu-Ium.*- [Diminutive of os, a 
“mouth.”] A little mouth or aperture. 
©8'nia-zomc. [©smazoHia : from 
oafirj, “odor,” and (fopoj, “sauce.”] A 
peculiar principle of muscular fibre, of a 
brownish-yellow color, which gives the 
rich agreeable taste and flavor to roasted 
meat, soups, etc. 
©s'mi-sina.:' [From dap/}, an “odor.”] 
A metal named from the peculiar odor 
which one of its oxides exhales. It is 
rare, and has not been applied to any use. 
Os-momc-ter. [From <iapdf, “im- 
pulsion,” and fxcTfjov, a “measure.”] An 
apparatus for exhibiting the osmotic 
force. It consists of a porous vessel 
filled with a saline solution and im- 
mersed in pure water. 
©s-nio-inet'ric. [Osinomet'ricus.] 
Bplonging to osmometry. 
©s-inoni'e-try. [©sniome'tria; 
from dap/}, an “ odor,” and perptw, to 
“measure.”] The estimating of the 
qualities of odoriferous substances. 
©s'mose. [Osmo'sis; from dwpds, 
“impulsion.”] The power or action by 
which liquids are impelled through a 
moist membrane, and other porous par- 
titions, in experiments of endosmose and 
exosmose. 
©x-I>hre-si-ol'o-sy. [©spliresio- 
lo'g-ia; from ozippriais, a “smelling,” and 
Xdyof, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on 
smelling. 
©s-phy-Algi-a.* [From the 
“loin,” and dXyoj, “pain.”] Pain in the 
hips and loins; sciatica. 
©s-phy-al'&i-cus.* Belonging to os- 
phyalgia: osphyalgic. 
©s-pliy-ar-tliri'tis, iclis* [From 
dtr<pv;, the “loin,” and dpdptri;, “gout.”] 
Strictly, gout of the loins or hip; but 
used for Osphyids, or inflammation of 
the loins. 
381 OSP 
OST 
©s-phy-i'tls, Idie.* [From «M)ty, the 
“loin.”] Inflammation of the loins. 
Os-pliy-o-iiiy-e-U tis. idis.* [From 
the “loin,” and pi>e\6g, “marrow.”] 
Iiumbar myelitis, or inflammation of the 
spinal marrow in the region of the 
loins. 
Os-pltyr-rlicw'ma, atie.* [From dcr- 
<l>v;, the “loin,” and ptiiga, “rheuma- 
tism.”] Rheumatism of the hip-joint. 
Os'sa,* gen. ©ssimm, osh'e-um, the 
plural of Os, a “ bone.” 
Ossa Aiioayma. See Ossa Ixxomi- 
nata. 
Os'sa <km-vo-1u'fa.' (“Convoluted 
Bones.”) A name for the Turbixated 
Boxes, which see. 
Ossa Iliaca. See Ossa Ixxomixata. 
Os sa 1 ir-innn-i-im fa.® [Plural of 
Os Innomina'tum.] “ Unnamed Bones.” 
The two large, irregularly shaped bones 
which, with the sacrum and coccyx, com- 
pose the cavity of the pelvis. 
Os'sa Iai'ta* (“Broad Bones”), or 
Os'sa PlaHs** (“Flat Bones”). The 
flat or broad bones which protect im- 
portant viscera, or form the walls of 
certain cavities, as the sternum and bones 
of the cranium. 
Os'sa I.ini'ga.® (“Long Bones.”) 
The long or cylindrical bones occurring 
in the limbs. 
Ossa Sipowgiosa. See Turbinated 
Boxes. 
Ossa Trfquetra, Ossa Wormii. 
See XUormii, Ossa. 
Osseous, osh'e-us. [Os'seus; from 
os, a “ bone.”] Of the nature or quality 
of bone; bony. 
©s'sl-ele. [Ossie'iiltnto: diminu- 
tive of os, a “bone.”] A small bone. 
©s-sic'u-la lu-<litus. The “ small 
bones of hearing;” the Malleus, Incus, 
Stapes, and Os orbienlare, situated in the 
cavity of the tympanum. 
Ossie'uls* Bcr-ti'iti.* (“ Ossicles of 
Bertin.”) See Bertix, Spoxgy Boxes of. 
Os-sic'u-Iar. [Ossienla'ris; from 
ossic'ulum, “ossicle.”] Having the form 
or appearance of ossicles. 
Os-slc'u-late. [Ossieula'tns; from 
the same.] Provided with small bones. 
©s-sif'er-ous. [Ossif'erus? from 
os, a “bone,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing, or containing, bones. 
Os-slf'ic. [Ossif'icus: from os, a 
“bone,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] Form- 
ing bone. 
Os-sl-fl-ca'tion- [Ossiflca'flo, 
o'nis; from the same.] The formation 
of bone or bony substance. For the d:s- 
tinction between ossification and calcifi- 
cation, see Petrifaction. 
Ossinm,* osh'e-iiin. The genitive 
plural of Os, a “ bone/’ signifying “ of the 
bonese.g. Fragil'itas os'slum, “ brit- 
tleness of the bones.” 
Os-tai'mi-a.® [Prom iarkav, a “bone,” 
and alga, “ blood.”} Morbid fulness of 
blood in a bone. 
Os-tAl'£1 ■a.:; [From iarhv, a “bone,” 
and u'Xyoj, “ pain.”] Pain in the bones. 
Os-tal-gi'tis, idis.& [From isrkov, a 
“bone,” and dXyoj, “pain.”] Inflamma- 
tion of a bone, with excessive pain,' also 
spelled Ostealgitis. 
See OsttEmia. 
©s-te-al-loe-o'sis.* [From iarkov, a 
“bone,” and dXXa'axnf, an “alteration.”] 
Metamorphosis of the substance of a 
bone, as the progress of osteosarcoma; 
also termed Osteometaboee, 
©s-te-sin-a-geii-ne'sls.* [From 
iartov, a “bone,” and ai/aycwricrt;, “regene- 
ration.”] Renewal of bone, 
©s-te-a-iiapli'y-sis.® [From oartov, 
a “bone,” and ava'pvo], to “produce.”} 
Reproduction of bone. 
[From darkov, 
a “bone,” apQpav, a “joint,” and K-jicrj, 
“vice,” “disease.”} Cancer or caries of 
the bones of a joint. 
©s'te-in, or ©s'te-ine. [From ottIoj, 
a “bone.”] A name for bony tissue, or 
the animal matter of bone. 
©s-te-i'f is, or ©s-ti'tis, 1 die.* [Front 
irrkov, a “bone.”] Inflammation of tlio 
substance of a bone. 
Os*tem'brj’-»n,o'ni9.s' [From oarkov, 
a “bone,” and cpUp av, a “foetus.”] Art 
osseous or hardened state of the sub- 
stance of the embryo. 
Os-tem-py-c’sls.®' [From iarkov, a 
“bone,” and ig-Kinjoii, “suppuration.”} 
Abscess or suppuration within a bone. 
Osteo-anabrosis. See Qsteoxabro- 
sis. 
[From iartov, a “ bone,” 
and KriXn, a “tumor.”] The osseous or 
cartilaginous substance found in old 
hernial sacs after reduction. 
Os-t(‘-o-eol'fa.* [From dirkov, a 
“bone,” and /coXXa, “glue.”] Bone-glue,, 
or bone-cement; a name for a particular 
carbonate of lime found in Germany, 
formerly celebrated for promoting the 
reunion of fractured bones, 
Os-te-o-«Ien'tine. [From cttIoj, a 
“bone,” and den'tine.] A modification 
of the fundamental tissue of the teeth, 
in which the cellular basis is arranged in 
concentric layers around the vascular 
382 OST 
OST 
canals. It resembles both dentine and 
bone : hence the name. 
©s-te-o-dy n'l-sju® [From dor con, a 
“bone„’,’ and odvnr/, “pain.”] Pain in a 
bone, Especially chronic pain. 
©s-te-o-ge-net'I-ciis.® Bone-gene- 
rating ; belonging to osteogenesis. 
©s-te-o-gen'ic. [©steogen'icus.] 
The same as Osteogeneticus. 
©s-te-oj;'e-ny. [©steogen'esis, or 
©steoge'nia; from oar ion, a “bone,” 
and yeneacg, “generation.”] The forma- 
tion or growth of bones. 
©s-t<*-og'ra-pliy. [©steogra'pliia: 
from dareon, a “bone,” and ypevpoo, to “de- 
scribe.”] A description of the bones. 
©s'tc-oid. [©steoi'des; from oar ion, 
a “ bone,” and eVog, a “ form.”] Resem- 
bling bone. Applied by Yirchow to “ soft, 
uncalcificd, osseous tissue;” that is, os- 
seous tissue previous to the deposition 
of calcareous matter. 
©s-tc-ol'o-gy. [©steolo'gia; from 
dareon, a “bone,” and Aoyo;, a “ discourse.”] 
That branch of Anatomy which treats of 
the bones. 
©s-te-o iiin. atis.* [From dareon, a 
“bone.”] A tumor of a bone: an oste- 
ome. See Osteoncus. 
©steomalacia,® os-te-o-ma-la'- 
she-a. [From dareon, a “bone,” and 
paXasos, “ soft.”] The same as Mollities 
Ossiuji, which see. 
Ostfo-malacie, os't&'o'm3,T3.'sE'. The 
French term for Mollities Ossium. 
©s-te-o-me-tal>'o-3e.® [From dareon, 
a “bone,” and peraSoXfi, a “change.”] 
The same as Osteallceosis. 
©s-te-o-nty-e-li’tcs, i dis.* [From 
osteomy'elon.\ Inflammation of the 
marrow of a bone. 
Os-te*o-iny 'e-lon,® or ©s-te-o-my'- 
e-ltim.® [From dareon, a “bone,” and 
(i iXo;, “marrow.”] The marrow of bones. 
Oste-on-a-bro'sts,* or ©s'te-o- 
An -a-l»i*o'sis.® [From dareon, a “bone,” 
and andSpoxrif, “consumption,” or “ab- 
sorption.”] A term applied to the sim- 
ple absorption of bone, such as occurs in 
the removal of the milk-teeth. 
©s-te-on'cais.® [From dareon, a 
“bone,” and oyso;, a “tumor.”] Tumor 
of a bone. See Exostosis. 
©s'te-o-ne-cro'sis.® [From dareon, 
a “bone,” and vexpcMi'j, “ death.”] Ne- 
crosis, or death, of a bone. 
©s-tc-o-pse'di-oit,® or ©s-te-o-pse'- 
dl-um.* [From dareon, a “ bone,” and 
iraif, naiidg, an “infant.”] An ossified 
foetus. See Ostembryon. 
©s-ie-o-phy'msy, sitis.* [From dareon, 
a “bone,” and ipiipa, a “tumor,” or 
“swelling.”] The same as Osteonccs. 
©s'te-o-phyte. [©steoph'y ton, or 
©steoph'ytum; from dareon, a “bone,” 
and</wcu, to “produce.”] An osseous tumor. 
See Osteoncus. 
©s-te-o-po-ro'sis.® [From dareon, 
a “bone,” and xopos, a “passage,” or 
“pore.”] A morbid porosity of the 
bones. 
©s'te-o-sar-co’iim.* [From ocarson, 
a “ bone,” and cap{, “ flesh.”] A fleshy, 
medullary, or cartilaginous mass grow- 
ing within a bone, causing at first an 
enlargement, and at length partially ab- 
sorbing it, or causing it to fracture. 
©s'te-o-sar-co'sis.® The progress 
or formation of osteosarcoma. 
[From 
dareon, a “bone,” and oKrpoypcnpia, the 
“art of scene-painting.”] The repre- 
sentation of the bones, or skeleton. 
©s-te-o-sclr'rlms.® [From dareon, 
a “bone,” and asippo;, an “indurated tu- 
mor.”] Scirrhus of a bone. 
©s-te-o'sis.* The same as Osteo- 
geny, which see. 
©ste-o-to-isiis'ta.® [From dareon, a 
“bone,” and repnw, to “cut.”] An in- 
strument for breaking down the bones 
of the child in impracticable labors. 
Os-te-ot'o-mus.® [From the same.] 
An instrument for cutting through 
bones; an osteotome. 
©s-te-ot o-my. [Osteoto’mia; 
from the same.] The part of Anatomy 
which relates to the dissection of bones. 
©s-toot'o-plms.® [From dor ion, a 
“bone,” and rdipog, a loose kind of stone.] 
A bony excrescence. 
©st-hcx'i-a.® [From dareon, a 
“bone,” and e\is, a “habit.”] Ossific 
diathesis; ossification. 
Os-Tin'?*.* The orifice of the 
womb. See Uterus. 
Ostitis. See Osteitis. 
©s'tl-um.® [From os, o'ris, a 
“mouth.”] Originally, a “ door;” also, 
the “mouth of a river.” Applied to any 
opening, but particularly to that between 
the auricle and ventricle of the heart. 
Ostium Ab-dom-I-na'le.® (“Ab- 
dominal Opening.”) The orifice at the 
fimbriated extremity of the Fallopian 
tube,—the only place in the whole body 
where a serous membrane communicates 
with the exterior. 
©s-tra-co-i'deS.® [From oorpaKon, a 
“shell,” and riroj, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a shell: ostracoid. 
©s-tra-co'sis.® [From iorpaKo-, a 
383 “ shell.”] The desiccation and conver- 
sion of parts of bone, especially of the 
cranium, into a substance like oyster- 
shell. 
©s'tre-a. ' [Gr. ScrrpCOv, from oarpaKOv, a 
“shell;” Fr. Hiutre, w£tR.] The oyster; 
a genus of the Ostracea. 
©s'trea K-tlu'lis.* (“Edible Oys- 
ter.”) The common oyster, the shells of 
which are used medicinally. 
Os-tre-a'ceous. [Ostrca'ceus; 
from os'trea, an “ oyster.”] Having the 
form of a bivalve shell. 
©s'tre-se,* gen. ©s-trc-a'rum. The 
plural of Ostrea, which see. 
©s'tricli. [Gr. orpoufldf.] The larg- 
est known bird, and the type of the Cur- 
sorial or Struthious order. Ostriches 
abound in the sandy deserts of Arabia 
and Africa. 
■Osus. A Latin termination usually 
denoting “fulness,” or “abundance;” as, 
vasculosus, “full of vessels,” or “abound- 
ing in vessels.” 
©s-U'te-ri.s (“Mouth of the Ute- 
rus.”) See Uterus. 
©-tal'gl-a.* [From ov;, curds, the 
“ear,”anda\yo;, “pain.”] Otal'gy; pain 
in the ear; ear-ache. It has been dis- 
tinguished into external and internal, ac- 
cording as it affects the meatus audi- 
torius, or the cavity of the tympanum. 
See Otitis. 
©-tal'gic. [©tal'gicus.] Belonging 
to otalgia. 
©■ten'ehy-tes.® [From ovs, cur<%, 
the “ear,” and iyxvco, to “pour in.”] 
A syringe for the ears. 
©th-el-co'sis.*' [From o>\, the “ear,” 
and e\<o;, an “ ulcer.”] Suppuration of 
the ears. 
©t-i-at rics. [©tiat'rica; from ov;, 
the “ear,” and iarpueds, “belonging to 
medicine.”] The consideration of the 
nature and principles of the treatment 
of the ear. 
©t'l-ous.® [From ovs, the “ear.”] 
(Fr. Otique, o'tSk'.) Belonging to the 
ear; auricular. Applied to medicines, etc. 
O-ti'tis, idis* [From ov;, cords, the 
“ear.”] Inflammation of the ear. It is 
s lid to be external when confined chiefly 
to the meatus auditorius; internal, if the 
internal ear is effected. 
Ot -o-J»len-nor-rli<e'a.'*' [From ovs, 
the “ear,” /Vkiwa, “mucus,” and picn, to 
“flow.”] Mucous discharge from the 
ear. 
Ot-o-ca-tar rhus.* [From ovs, the 
“ear,” and Kardfim;, a “defluxion.”] 
Catarrh of the ear. 
OST 
Ot'o-crane. [Otocra'nia: from 
ovi, the “ear,” and sparou, the “head.”] 
The cavity for the reception of the os- 
seous or cartilaginous immediate capsule 
of the labyrinth of the ear. 
©t-o-cra'nl-al. [Otocrania'lis.] 
Belonging to the otocrane. 
©t-o-dyn'I-a.* [From ox>s, the “ear,” 
and oovi'n, “ pain.”] Pain, more especially 
chronic pain, in the ear. 
Ot-o-<ly iil-cit*. Belonging to oto- 
dynia. 
©t-o-gan'gll-on,* or Ol-o-gnn glt- 
um.* [From ovs, the “ear,” and yay- 
y\iov, a “ ganglion.”] The auricular gan- 
glion. 
Ot-o-grapli i-eal. [ ©lograph'i- 
cus.] Belonging to otography. 
O-tog i’a-pliy. [Otogra'phia; 
from ouj, curds, the “ear,” and ypaipui, to 
“write.”] A description of the ear. 
Ot-o-logi-ral. [©tolog'icus.] Be- 
longing to otology. 
©-(ol'o-gy. [©tolo'gia; from oi\, 
euros, the “ear,” and Adyo$, a “speech.”] 
A treatise on the ear; the science of the 
ear, 
Ot-o-iK'fi-ral gi-a.® [From oils, the 
“ear,” and neural'gia.] Nervous pain 
of the ear. 
Ot-o-neFi-ral ’gic. [Otoneural'gi- 
cus. Belonging to otoneuralgia. 
©t-o-plileg'nio-nc.* [From ovs, the 
“ear,” and (ji\cypoiaj, “inflammation.”] 
The same as Otitis. 
©t-o-pho'ne.® [From ot>$, the “ ear,” 
and ipcovti, a “ voice,” a “sound.”] An 
ear-trumpet. 
©t-o-plas'tic. [©toplas'ticus.] 
Belonging to otoplasty. 
©t'o-plas-ty. [©toplas'tia, or 
©toplas'tlces from ovs, the “ear,” and 
r-Adcrcrcu, to “form.”] An operation by 
which lesions of the ear are repaired by 
having recourse to a sound portion of 
the contiguous integument. 
©t-o-py-or-rlioe'a.* [From ov;, curds, 
the “ear,” irvoy, “pus,” and poo, to 
“flow.”] Purulent otorrhoca, or a dis- 
charge of pus from the car. 
Ot-o-py-osls. [From ovs, the 
“ear,” and tvo.', “pus.”] Purulent dis- 
charge from the ear. 
Ot-or-rhairi-;;.5 [From or;. the 
“car,” and p'r/yvpi, to “burst forth.”] 
A sudden discharge of blood from the 
car. 
Ot-or-rhag'i-cus.® Belonging to 
otorrhagia. 
©t-or-rheii-ina-t is'iiitis.® [F rom 
ovs, the “ear,” and pz'pariopos, “rheuma- 
OTO 
384 OTO 
ovu 
tism.”] Rheumatic pain of the ear; 
ear-ache. 
©t-or-rhoe'a.* [From ovj, the “ ear,” 
and (icu, to “flow.”] A flow or running 
from the ear. 
©t'o-scope. [©tos'copus; from 
ovf, the “ ear,” and asontu), to “ examine,” to 
“explore.”] An instrument for listening 
to the sound of air passed through the 
tympanic cavity in certain morbid con- 
ditions of the ear. 
©t-o-scop'ic. [Otoscop'icus.] Be- 
longing to the otoscope. 
©toscopiuin. See Otoscope. 
©-tos'te-al. [Otostea'lis; from 
oJf. the “ear,” and oarcov, a “bone.”] 
Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
the ossicles of the ear. 
©-tot'o-my. [Ototo'mia; from ove, 
the “ ear,” and rrgwu, to “ cut.”] Dis- 
section of the ear. 
©tto of Roses. See Attar of Roses. 
©ulorrhagia. See Ulorrhagia. 
©urology, or ©urologia. See 
Urology. 
©uroscopia. See Uroscopy. 
-©us. A terminal used in Chemistry, 
and denoting a smaller quantity of oxy- 
gen in a compound than in the corre- 
sponding one the name of which ends in 
-ic. Compare nitric, nitrous, sulphuric, 
sulphurous, etc. 
©v, = 0'vumJ* “An egg.” 
O'va,* the plural of Ovum, which see. 
©vaire. See Ovarium. 
©'val. [Ova'lis; from o'vum, an 
“egg.”] Broadly elliptical, resembling 
the longitudinal section of an egg; egg- 
shaped. 
©-val-l-fo'll-us.* [From ova'lis, 
“oval,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
oval leaves: ovalifo'lious. 
©-va-rl-ftl'gi-a.* [From ova'rium, 
an “ovary,” and uAyoj, “pain.”] Pain 
in the ovary. 
©-va-ri-al'gic. [©varial'gicus.] 
Belonging to ovarialgia, 
O-va'rl-an. [©varia'nus.] Be- 
longing to the ovary. 
©-va-ri'tis, idis.® [From ova'rium, 
an “ovary.”] Inflammation of the 
ovary or its membranes. 
O'vst-ry. [©va'rium: from o'vum, 
an “egg,” or “ovule,” and -a'rium, a 
termination signifying “ the place of 
any thing.” Compare Herbarium, etc.] 
Literally, “the place of the ova.” (Fr. 
Ovaire, o’vcr'.) A flat, oval body, con- 
nected with the uterus by the broad 
ligament, one on each side, and contain- 
ing a number of vesicles, or ova. Also, 
the germen, or lower part of the pistil, 
containing the ovules of plants. 
O'vate. [Ova'tus; from o'vum, an 
“egg.”] Egg-shaped; or resembling 
the longitudinal section of an egg. In 
reference', to leaves, it has the latter 
meaning. 
©-vat-i-foTi-us.® [From ova'tus, 
“ovate,” and /o'Hum, a “leaf.”] The 
same as Ovalifolius, which see. 
©'vi-<luct. [©viduc'tus; from 
o'vum, an “ egg,” and cluc'tus, a “canal.”] 
The Fallopian tube, which conveys the 
ovum from the ovary to the uterus. Also 
applied to the duct or canal which termi- 
nates in the cloaca of birds and certain 
other animals. 
O'vl-toriii. [Ovifor'mis; from 
o'vum, an “ egg.”] Having the shape 
of an egg; egg-like. 
©-villus.* [From o'vis, a “sheep.”] 
Belonging to the sheep. See Adeps 
Ovillus. 
©-vi'itus.* [From the same.] Per- 
taining to sheep: o'vine. 
©-vip'a-rous. | ©vip'arus: from 
o'vum, an “egg,” and pa'rio, to “bring 
forth.”] Bringing forth or producing 
eggs. Applied to animals which pro- 
duce eggs, instead of bringing forth liv- 
ing young. 
©-vl-po-sl'tion. [Oviposi'tio, 
o'nis'/ from o'vum, an “ egg,” and po'no, 
pos'hum, to “lay,” to “place.”] The 
act or process of depositing ova by the 
females of oviparous animals. 
O-vI-pos'I-tor.* [From the same.] 
A projecting apparatus formed by the 
last annuli of the abdomen in certain 
insects, for depositing their eggs. 
©'vis,* plural O vci. Sheep. The 
name of a genus of domesticated animals. 
Ovisac. See Graafian Follicle. 
©'void, [©voi'des; from o'vum, an 
“egg,” and elio;, a “form.”] Egg- 
shaped. Applied to s ids. 
®-vo-vi-vip'a-rous. [©vovivip'- 
arus; from o'vum, an “egg,” vi'vus, 
“living,” and pa'rio, to “bring forth.”] 
Applied to an oviparous animal in whose 
body the ova are hatched before they 
are brought forth. This phenomenon is 
observed in many reptiles (e.g. the viper), 
fishes, certain Moliusca, and various in- 
sects. 
©v'u-la,* the plural of Ov'idum. See 
Ovule. 
©v-u-la'ris.* [From ov'ulum, an 
“ovule.”] Resembling an egg. Applied 
to the grains of granulated rock, when 
of the size of a hen’s egg. 
385 OVU 
OXY 
Ovulate. [©vula'tus.] Having 
or bearing ovules. 
©V-u-la'tion. [©vula'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A kind of generation 
consisting in the formation and separa- 
tion of a membranous sac filled with 
nutritious matter from the female, for the 
reception and nutrition of a germ sepa- 
rated from the male. 
©'vule. [Ov'ulnm; diminutive of 
o'vum, an “egg.”] A little egg. Ap- 
plied in Anatomy to the unimpregnated 
germ or ovum; also to the rudimentary 
seed of a plant, a small body formed in 
the ovary, which on being fertilized by 
pollen becomes a seed. 
O vum,5 plural O'va. [Gr. cow; Fr. 
(Euf, uf.] Literally, “an egg.” Ap- 
plied to the vesicle of Baer, contained in 
the Graafian vesicle of the ovary of 
Mammalia. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the egg of the Pha- 
sianus gallus, or common domestic fowl, 
©x. = Ox'yrnel* See Oxymel. 
Ox-af'id, [©xaf'idum; from 
oxyge’nium, “oxygen,” and ar;'idum, an 
“acid.”] Acids that contain oxygen, as 
distinguished from those formed with 
chlorine, etc. 
©x'a-latc. [©x alas, a'ti's.] A 
combination of oxalic acid with a base. 
©x'a-lat-ed. [©xala'tus; from 
ox’alas, an “oxalate.”] Applied to a 
base converted into a salt by combina- 
tion with oxalic acid. 
©x-al'ic. [©xal'icus; from ox’a- 
lis, “sorrel.”] Belonging to wood-sorrel. 
Applied to a highly poisonous acid ob- 
tained from it, also from sugar and other 
substances. It is sometimes called acid 
or essence of sugar. 
©xalidaceav* ox-a-le-da'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, found 
in all the hot and temperate parts of the 
world. It comprises Ox’alls (Sorrel), 
which contains nearly pure oxalic acid. 
©x'a-lls, idluP [From o£i>s, “sharp,” 
“sour.”] Sorrel. A Linnasan genus of 
the class Decandria, natural order Oxali- 
dacese. 
©x'alis A-cet-o-sel'la.* The syste- 
matic name for the wood-sorrel. 
©x-a-lu'rate, [©xalu'ras, a't ("«.] A 
combination of oxaluric acid with a base. 
©x -a- In 11 -a.* [From ox’alas, “ ox- 
alate,” and uri'na, the “urine.”] Ap- 
plied to a condition in which the urine 
shows the presence of a quantity of ox- 
alate of lime. 
©x-a-lu'ric. [©xaln'ricus; from 
oxalu'ria.] Applied to an acid formed 
from parabanic acid when brought into 
contact with bases. 
©x-i-ehlo'rate. [©xychlo'ras, 
a'/ts.] A combination of oxichlorie acid 
with a base. 
©x-I-elilo'riile.[©xyclilo'riduni.] 
Applied to phosgene gas, termed car- 
bonic oxichloride. 
©x-i-da-bil'i-ty. [©xyilabil'itas, 
a'tis; from ox'ydum, an “oxide.”] The 
capability of combining with oxygen. 
©x'I-<la-ble. j Oxydab'ilis; from 
the same.] Susceptible of combining 
with oxygen. 
Ox'kltibed. [©xyila'tus; from 
the same.] Combined with oxygen. 
Ox>i-da'tion. [Oxyda'tio, n'nis; 
from the same.] The combining of a 
certain quantity of oxygen with metals 
or other substances. 
Ox'Ide. [Ox'ydum, or Ox'idum.] 
A compound of oxygen with a metal or 
other substance. It is usually applied 
to those compounds of oxygen which are 
not acids. 
Ox'i-doid. [Oxydoi'des; from 
ox'ydum, an “ oxide,” and cl to;, a “form.”] 
Resembling an oxide. Applied to oxi- 
dated bodies which are neither acids nor 
salifiable bases. 
©x-id'u-lat-ed. [Oxydula'tus; 
from oxyd'tdum.\ Having an inferior 
degree of oxidation. 
©x-id-u-la'tion. [ Oxydula'tio, 
o'in's; fromthesame.] Inferioroxidation. 
©x'i-dum,®gen. Ox'i-di. See Oxide. 
©x-im'e-ter. [Oxym'etrum; from 
ox'yyen, and yirpov, a “measure.”] A 
measurer of oxygen. 
©x-i'o-dinc. Iodic acid, a white, 
transparent solid, obtained by boiling 
iodine with nitric acid. 
©x-u'rate. [©xu'ras, a'Gs.] A 
combination of oxuric acid with a base. 
©x-u'ric. [Oxu'ricus; from ox'yyen, 
and it'rie.] Applied to the superoxyge- 
nated uric acid of Vauquelin. 
©x'y-si.* [Gr. ifiia.] A name for 
the Fa'yus sylvat'icn, or beech-tree. 
©x-y-a-can'tlius.* [From dfu?, 
“sharp,” and tiucavOa, a “thorn.”] Hav- 
ing numerous sharp thorns. 
©x-y-ad'e-niis.* [From iSJwj, 
“sharp,” and atm, a “gland.”] Having 
pointed glands. Applied to certain plants. 
©x-y-ses-the'si-rt.® [From rifif, 
“sharp,” and al'a-Owis, “sense,” or “feel- 
ing.”] A term for increased sensation. 
See Oxyaphe. 
©x-y'a-plie,® or ©x-jr-a'plil-a.*1 
[From djij, “sharp,” and aiptj, “touch"] 
386 OXY 
ozo 
Acute sense of touch; excessive sensi- 
bility of touch. 
©x-y-blep'si-a.® [From ofuj, 
“sharp,” and /JAnrw, to “see.”] Acute 
sight. See Oxyopia. 
©x-y-ear pous. [Oxycar’pus; 
from d£vs, “sharp,” and Kapnos, “fruit.”] 
Having acuminated fruit or capsules. 
©x-y-coc'cos.® [From 6\vs, “sour,” 
or “sharp,” and kokkos, a “berry.”] A 
name applied to the cranberry-plant 
(the Vacem'ium oxycoc'cos, or Oxycoc'- 
cos pains' tris), on account of the acidity 
of its fruit. 
©x-yd'u-luin.® [Diminutive of 
ox'ydum, an “oxide.”] A body in an 
inferior degree of oxidation. 
©xydtim. See Oxide. 
Ox'y-gen. [Oxygc'nlum; from 
djuj, “sharp,” or “sour,” and yewain, to 
“produce.”] (Fr. Oxyyene, or 
ok'se'zMn'.) An elementary substance 
universally diffused throughout nature, 
being a constituent of atmospheric air, 
water, most of the acids, and all bodies 
of the animal and vegetable kingdoms. 
It is a permanent gas when uncombined, 
©xygfenabilis. See Oxidable. 
Oxy-sc-nat-wl. [©xygemi'dis.] 
Combined with oxygen. 
©x-y-ire-na't ion. [©xygena'tlo, 
o'nis ; from ox'yyen.] Applied to every 
combination with oxygen: often con- 
founded with oxidation, but distinct from 
it, as being of more general import, 
©xygfcne. See Oxygen. 
©x-y-£e-nom'e-trnm.® The same 
as Oxymeter, which see. 
Oxy-inel, el'lit.* [From d\vs, 
“acid,” and psAi, “honey.”] A mixture 
of vinegar and honey boiled to a syrup. 
©x-y-mu'ri-ate. [©xynm'rias, 
a'(is.] A combination of oxymuriatic 
acid with a base. 
©xyimiriate of Lime. See Chlo- 
ride of Lime. 
©xymuriate of Mercury. See 
Corrosive Sublimate. 
©x-y-inu-ri-at'ic A$'id. 
dum ©xyimiriat'icuin.] The name 
applied by Lavoisier to a substance sup- 
posed to be a compound of muriatic acid 
and oxygen, but ascertained by Sir II. 
Davy to be an elementary body, which 
he termed Chlorine. 
Ox-y-o'pi-a.® [From vs, “sharp,” 
and o’iip, the “eye.”] Unusual acuteness 
of vision. 
Ox-y-pho'nI-a.® [From dj%, “sharp,” 
or ‘shrill,” and ipurfi, “voice.”] A shrill 
or squalling voice; a symptom attend- 
ant on certain morbid conditions of the 
larynx. 
©x-y-pliyl'Ius.* [From ofa, “ sharp,” 
and (jivWov, a “ leaf.”] Having acumi- 
nated leaves. 
©x-y-sae'«lm-run«.* [From djfif, 
“sharp,” “sour,” and sac’charum, “su- 
gar.”] A mixture of vinegar and sugar. 
When it contains squills, it is termed 
Oxysac' charum scillit'icum. 
©x'y-sal, al/s.® [From ox'ygen, and 
sal, a “salt.”] An oxysalt. See Oxy- 
salts. 
©x'y-salts. Applied to certain com- 
binations in which oxygen is found both 
in the acid and base. 
Ox-.v-sul iilio-sal.® A combination 
of an oxysalt and sulphosalt. 
©x-yt'o-cus.® [From ofa, “sharp,” 
“quick,” and tokos, “childbirth.”] “ Ac- 
celerating parturition.” Applied to ergot. 
Ox-y-u'rus.* [From “sharp,” 
and ovpd, the “tail.”] A genus of en- 
tozoa. 
Oxyu rns Ver-mie-u-la'ris.® For- 
merly, the As'caris Vermicula'ris; called 
“Thread-Worm” (from its resemblance to 
a piece of thread), and also Maw-Worm. A 
species of small worm, about half an inch 
in length, having a tail tapering to a sharp 
point. It is usually found in the rectum, 
often occasioning an intolerable itching 
in the anus. The best treatment for this 
distressing complaint appears to consist 
in injections containing oil of turpentine. 
Injections of whale oil have also been 
found serviceable. 
Oyster. See Ostrea. 
©ys'ter Shells. The Tester ostrea- 
rum, or shells of the Ostrea edtdis. 
O-zje'na.* [From o?ij, a “stench.”] 
(Fr. Ozene, o'zen' or o'z&n'.) A foul, 
stinking ulcer in the inside of the nos- 
trils, discharging a purulent matter, and 
sometimes accompanied by caries of the 
bones. 
©'ze.® [Gr. d?i).] A bad smell from 
the mouth. The same as Ozostomia. 
©zfene. See Oz^enA. 
©'zone. [From djij, a “stench.”] A 
gaseous substance, the true nature of 
which is not well known. It is supposed 
to be a peculiar modification of oxygen. 
Perhaps a combination of nitrogen and 
oxygen, or of oxygen and hydrogen, in 
new proportions. 
Oz-o-sto'ml-a.® [From dso, a “stench,” 
and Oroya, a “mouth.”] The same as 
Oze, which see. 
387 PAB 
PAI 
p. 
P. An abbreviation for pugil'liis,# a 
“handful,” or pars,* a “part” or 
“parts;” also, for pul'vis,* “powder,” 
pon'dere,# “by weight,” pil'ula,* 
“ pill.” 
Pab'u-lum.* [Frompas'co,to “feed.”] 
Food; aliment; sustenance. 
Pac-eliI-o'nI»ae, Glati du-lav® Cer- 
tain small, oval-shaped, fatty eminences 
under the dura mater and along the 
sides of the longitudinal sinus. 
Pa-€l»oin'e-trum.® [From Traxvg, 
“thick,” and pirpor, a “measure.”] An 
instrument for measuring the thickness 
of the glass of mirrors. 
Pa«li-u-lo'»is.* [From waxi>X«s, 
“ somewhat thick or coarse.”] Proposed 
by E. Wilson as a term for a chronic 
affection in which the skin is secondarily 
involved, particularly that of the lower 
extremities, and the epidermis is pro- 
duced in abnormal quantity. 
Paeli-y-se'ma, at is.* [From iraxog, 
“ thick,” and alpui, “ blood.”] Thick or 
curdled blood. 
Pacti-y-ai'ml-a.* [From the same.] 
Thickening of the blood. 
Pacli-y-seiii'I-cus.* Belonging to 
jjachyremia : pachyem'ic. 
Paeli-y-aFiiuis.* [From pacliyx'ma, 
“thick blood.”] Having thick blood. 
Pa«8i-y-l>Ipi»li-a-ro'sis.® The for- 
mation or progress of paehyblepharum. 
Pa«h-y-blepli'a-rum.* [From rca\iij, 
“thick,” and liXipapor, the “eyelid.”] A 
thickening of the eyelid, particularly to- 
wards the border, from obstruction of 
the Meibomian glands. 
Pafli-y-car'jms.® [From vaxvs, 
“ thick,” and sap-os, “ fruit.”] Having 
thick fruit. 
Paeh-y-der'ma-ta.® or Pach'y- 
dorms. [From naxvs, “thick,” and 
iippa, the “skin.”] An order of Mam- 
malia, many of which are remarkable 
for the thickness of their skins. It in- 
cludes the rhinoceros, the elephant, the 
tapir, horse, and hog. 
Paeh-y-der'ma-tons. [Padiyder'- 
niatus; from the same.] Thick-skinned. 
Applied to an order of animals. 
Pa«b-y-me 'nl-a.® [From iraxvs, 
“thick,” and vprjr, a “membrane.”] A 
thickening of the skin. 
Parh-y-meii'i-cus.* Belonging to 
pachymenia. 
i’acii-y-pliji Ins.® [From Traxvg, 
“thick,” and Ji«XXw, a '‘leaf.”] Having 
thick leaves. 
I’ach-.y-jMiimis. [From Tra\v;, 
\“ thick,” and viona, an “operculum.”] 
Having a thick operculum. Applied to 
certain plants. 
Paci ni (p&-chee'n&), Cor'piis-vlos 
of, or I’li-tlin i-aii ltod'ies. [t’or'po- 
r» (or C'orjms'eula) 1’acinia'iiie.] 
Numerous, small, pedunculated, whitish 
bodies, in union with the filaments of 
the cutaneous nerves of the palm of the 
hand and sole of the foot: also found on 
other nerves of the cerebral and spinal 
systems, and on the great sympathetic 
or internal ganglionic nerve. 
Pied-ar-throc a-te.5 [From -alj, a 
“child,”itpOpor, a “joint,” and icii/oj, “vice,” 
“disease.”] Scrofulous necrosis of the 
joints in children. Sometimes applied 
to Spina Yentosa, which see. 
ro'i>liI-a. [From lraig, a 
“child,” and arpopia, a “wasting.”] Atro- 
phy of children. 
Psed-a-troph'I-cus.® Belonging to 
pzedatrophia. 
S’ic-di-aph'thsi.* [From naiMov, a 
“little child,” and aph'thaJ] The aphtha, 
or thrush, of infants. 
Pse-dl-a-tri a. [Fromjrar$,a“child,” 
and iarpeia, a “ healing.”] The treatment 
of diseases of children. 
Pse-dl-Ht'ri-cus.® Belonging to pe- 
iliatria. 
Pie-doin'c-l rum.® [From xaT;, a 
“child,” and pkrpov, a “measure.”] An 
instrument for ascertaining the length 
and other dimensions of infants: a pe- 
dom'eter. 
E’sv-don-o-so-So'&’i-si.® [From nais, 
7raiA%, a “ child,” vdtros, a “ disease,” and 
\oyo;, a “discourse.”] A consideration of 
the diseases of children: paedonosol'- 
°gy- 
l’ic-d(tii'o-sHS.:: [From vats, a “ child,” 
and vooog, “ disease.”] A disease peculiar 
to childhood. 
Pffi-doph'tM-sisA [From ttaXg, a 
“ child,” and (pdieng, a “ wasting.”] Tabes, 
or wasting, in children. 
Paul-o-t i’o'pEsi-utn.® [From naTg, a 
“child,” and Tpcpw, to “nourish.”] An 
orphan or foundling hospital. 
Literally, a “page.” Ap- 
plied in Botany to the surface of a leaf. 
Pai'dI-cus,* or Psed'I-cus.* [From 
vaij, a “child.”] Pertaining to children 
388 PAI 
PAL 
Painter’s Colic. See Colica Pic- 
tonum. 
Palneontograpliia. See P ale ox tog- 
RAPtIV. 
Palseontologia. See Paleontology. 
Pa-lfe-o-sau rus.® [From n-aXaw;, 
“ancient,” and cavpoi, a “lizard.”] A 
fossil lizard. 
Pa-Jae-o-the'rt-iim.® [From vaXaioj, 
“ancient,” and 0i?ptV, a “beast.”] The 
fossil relics of a group of pachyderma- 
tous animals found in the gypsum-quar- 
ries near Paris, and in various parts of 
France. Ten or eleven species are re- 
cognized, varying from the size of a 
rhinoceros to that of a hog. 
Palseozoologia. See Paleozoology. 
Palais. See Palatum. 
Palate. See Palatum. 
Palate, Hard. See Palatum Du- 
rum. 
Palate, Soft. See Palatum Molle. 
Pal'a-tlne. [Palati'mis; from 
pula'turn du'rum, the “hard palate.”] 
Relating to the palate-bone. Applied 
to the palate-bone itself. 
Pal-a-t orrlia-pliy. [Palatorrlia/- 
pliia; from pala'tum, the “palate,” and 
pajiii, a “suture.”] The operation of 
uniting by suture the cleft palate; nearly 
synonymous with Staphylorrhaphy. 
Pa-la'tum.* (Fr. Palais, pl'lA.) 
The roof of the mouth, or palate. In 
Botany, an inward projection of the 
lower lip of a personate corolla. 
Pala'tnm On'rnm.® (“Hard Pal- 
ate.”) The fore part of the roof of the 
mouth, formed by the palate-bone. 
Pala'tum tlol'le® (“Soft Palate”), 
called also the Ve'lum Pala'ti* (“Veil, 
or Curtain, of the Palate”). The soft, 
movable septum, or fleshy membrane, 
attached to the posterior part of the 
palate, and situated between the mouth 
and the pharynx. 
Pa'le-a.* [From Pa'les, the goddess 
of pasturage.] Chaff; one of the inner 
bracts or glumes of grasses, or one of 
the bracts on the receptacle of Compositce. 
Pa-le-a'ceous. [Palea'ceus; from 
pa'lea, “ chaff.”] Chaffy; of the nature 
or appearance of chaff. 
Pa'le-ar.® [From pa'lea, “chaff,” 
also the “ wattles” of a fowl.] The dew- 
lap of oxen ; named on account of its 
supposed resemblance to the wattles of 
a fowl. See next article. 
Pa'Ieav Lax'um.* [From lax’us, 
“loose.”] The dewlap (which is so named 
because when the animal grazes it laps 
the dew), more especially the loose por- 
tion of it; the thick membranous fold 
which hangs from the throat of the 
ox. 
Pa'le-X-form. [Paleifor'mis; from 
pa'lea, “ chaff.”] Having the appear- 
ance of chaff. 
Pa-le-ol'o-g,y. [Palseolo'gia; from 
7raXaids, “ancient,” and \6yos, a “dis- 
course.”] A discourse on antiquities, or 
the science of antiquities. 
Pa-le-on-to-graph'I-cal. [Palae- 
ontograph'icus.] Belonging to palse- 
ontography. 
Pa-le-on-togra-phjf. [Palneonto- 
gra'phia; from 7raXa«%, “ancient,” 
ovra, “beings,” and ypatpco, to “write.”] 
A description or history of organized 
beings, of which the fossil remains alone 
are extant. 
Pa-1 e-on-to-Iog'I-eal. [Palseonto- 
log'iciis.] Belonging to paleontology. 
[Palseontolo'- 
S'ia: from iraXaio;, “ancient,” oj-a, 
“ beings,” and Aoyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
The science which treats of fossil organic 
remains. 
Pa-le-o-phy-tol'o-gy. [Palseophy- 
tolo'gia; from n-aAaidj, “ancient,” (jtvrov, 
a “plant,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
The science.which treats of fossil remains 
of plants. 
Pa-le-o-zo'ic. [Palceozo'icus; from 
iraXaidf, “ ancient,” and an “ ani- 
mal.”] Belonging to fossil animals. 
Applied to the fossiliferous strata of 
earlier date than the carboniferous sys- 
tem and the mountain limestone. 
Pa-le-o-zo-ol'o-gy. [Pala-ozoolo- 
gia; from ira\ai6s, “ancient,” and zoolo'- 
<jia, the “ science of animals.”] That 
branch of science which treats of the 
fossil remains of animals. 
Pal 'lm p-sest. [ Pal i lapses' tus; 
from TrdXiy. “again,” and ipuio, to “rub,” 
to “ erase.”] The name given to parch- 
ment from which one writing was erased 
to make room for another. Palimpsests 
were used in the time of Cicero, who 
mentions them in one of his letters. 
Pal-la'dl-um.* [From Pal'leu, Pal'- 
ladis, the name of a planet: see Tel- 
lurium.] A ductile, malleable, and very 
hard metal, found associated with plati- 
num, which it resembles in color and 
lustre. Its specific gravity is about 11.8, 
Pal'li-ate. [From pal'lio, pallia’- 
turn, to “hide,” or “cloak” (frompal'Hum, 
a “cloak”).] Originally, to “cloak,” or 
“ hide,” as a fault: hence, to soften, or 
mitigate. See next article. 
PaJIi-a-tlve. [Palliati'vJis; from 
389 PAL 
PAL 
the same.] Relieving, but not radically 
curative; assuaging; mitigating. 
Pal-li-di-ilo'rus.* [From pal'lidus, 
“pale,” and fios, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers of a pale tint. 
Pallor.*' [From pal'leo, to “be 
pale.”] Paleness ; loss of color. 
Palin Oil. [O'lenm Pal'mse.] The 
product of a species of palm-tree, called 
Elais Guineensis. 
Pal'ma,*'gen. Pal'mae. [Gr. 7raXd/n;.] 
The palm of the hand ; likewise, the hand 
itself. (See Thenar.) Also, a palm-tree. 
Pal'ma Chris'tl.* A name for the 
Jlii/inus commu'nis, or castor-oil plant. 
Palmaccse,* pal-ma'she-e [from 
Pal'ma, a “palm-tree”], or Pal'ma;.'*' 
A natural order of endogenous trees of 
great beauty and value, which impart a 
peculiar character of grandeur to tropi- 
cal landscapes. They are found mostly 
between 35° South and 40° North lati- 
tude. Among the products of this order 
are palm wine, palm oil, sugar, sago, 
dates, cocoanuts, timber, thread, and the 
intoxicating betel-nut. According to 
Humboldt, it also produces flour and salt. 
It includes the Phoenix (Date Palm), 
Elais, Cocos, and other kinds of palm. 
Pal-ma'ceous. [Palma'ceus; from 
Pal'ma, the “palm-tree.”] Resembling 
the palm-tree. 
Pal'mae,* the plural of Pal'ma, form- 
ing the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Palmaceas. 
Pal'mar. [Lat. Palina'ris, from 
pal'ma, “palm;” Fr. PaZ»imVe,pirm6R'.] 
Belonging to the palm of the hand. 
Pal'mar Arcli. Applied to each of 
two arches formed by the natural dis- 
tribution of the blood-vessels in the 
palm of the hand; the deep, formed by 
the radial artery; and the superficial, by 
the ulnar artery. 
Pal-ma'ris Bre'vis.* (“Short Pal- 
mar [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
the annular ligament of the wrist, and 
the palmar aponeurosis, and inserted into 
the integuments of the palm of the hand. 
It is sometimes called palmaris cutaneus, 
or “cutaneous palmar [muscle].” 
Palma'ris Lon'gus.* (“ Long Pal- 
mar [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
the inner condyle of the os humeri and 
spread out into the palmar aponeurosis, 
which is finally attached to the roots of 
all the fingers. It is a flexor of the 
wrist. 
Palma'ris Mag-'nus.* (“ Large 
Palmar [Muscle].”) A muscle which 
arises from the internal condyle of the 
humerus, and is inserted into the second 
metacarpal bone. It bends the hand 
and forearm. 
Pal'mate. [Palma'tus; from pal'- 
ma, the “ hand.”] Shaped like a hand; 
resembling a hand with the lingers 
spread. A palmate leaf is lobed or di- 
vided so that the sinuses all point to the 
apex of the petiole, as the leaves of the 
maple. 
Palmate. [Palmas, a'tts.] A 
combination of palmic acid with a base. 
Pal'mate-Iy t’oin'puiul. The 
same as Digitate. 
Pal' ilia tely-Lobed. [Palinati-lo- 
ba'tus; from palma'tiis, “ palmate,” and 
luba'tus,“ lobed.”] Applied to palmately- 
veined leaves which are lobate. 
Pal'inately-Part'ed. [Palmati- 
parti'tus: from palma'tus, ‘‘palmate,” 
and parti'tus, “parted.”] Parted as 
palmately-veincd leaves the sinuses of 
which reach almost to the base. 
Pal niately-Veined. The same as 
Radiated-Veined, which see. 
Pal-mat'i-lid. [ Palma! it' id ns; 
from palma'tus, “palmate,” and fin'do, to 
“ cleave.”] Palmately-cleft. Applied to 
leaves. 
Pal-mat-I-flo'rus.* [From palma'- 
tus, “palmate,” and fios, a “flower.”] 
Applied to heads composed of flowers 
with palmated corols. 
Pal-nia-li-tb'li-ouN. [Palmatito- 
llus; from palma'tus, “palmate,” and 
fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having palmated 
leaves. 
Pal-niat'X-ibrin. [ Palmatilor'- 
mis: from palma'tus, “palmate.”] Hav- 
ing the form (or resemblance) of some- 
thing palmate; somewhat palmate. 
Pal-mat'I-sect. [Palniatisec'tus; 
from palma'tus, “ palmate,” and sec'tus, 
“cut.”] Palmately-divided. Applied to 
a palmately-veined leaf when the in- 
cisions reach to the base. 
Palmatus. See Palmate. 
Pal-mic'o-lus.* [From pal'ma, the 
“ palm-tree,” and co'lo, to “ inhabit.”] 
Growing on the palm-tree. Applied to 
plants. 
Pal-mif'er-ous. [ Pal m i Torus; 
from pal'ma, a “ palm-tree,” and fe'ro, 
to “ bear.”] Bearing palms. 
Pal-mi-lb'll-us.* The same as Pal- 
m ati folio us, which see. 
Pal-mi-lbr'mis.* The same as Pal- 
matiformis, which see. 
Pal-ml-ner'vis.* [From pal'ma, a 
“palm,” or “hand,” and ner'vus, a 
“nerve.”] A term sometimes applied 
390 PAL 
PAN 
to radiated-veined leaves: palminer'- 
vate. 
PiU'mi-ped. [Pal'mipes, p’edis; 
from pal'mu, a “ palm,” or “ hand,” and 
pes, a “ foot.”] Having palmated feet; 
web-footed. 
Pal-mip'e-des.® [The plural of 
Pal'mipes, which see.] A name for an 
order of birds; also called Natatores. 
Piirmu-la.* [Diminutive ofpal'nia, 
a “palm.”] Literally, “a little hand,” 
or “little palm.” Applied to the flat 
broad end of a rib, like the leaf of a palm: 
1 al'mule. Also, the Dactylus, or date. 
Pal-mu-la'tus.*' [From pal'mula.] 
Having palmules. 
PalodeTaca, p&'lo d&vll'ldl. (“ Cow- 
tree.”) The Spanish name of the Galac- 
toden'dron U'tile, a tree which produces 
an agreeable and nutritious milky sap, 
called vegetable milk. It is a native of 
Venezuela. 
Pal-pa'lis,® Pal-pa'tus.® [From 
pal'pus, a “feeler.”] Having palpi: 
pal'pal: pal'pate. 
Pal-pa'tion. [Palpa'tio, o' nis ; 
from pal'po, palpa'tum, to “ handle 
gently,” to “ feel.’-] Examination by 
the hand, or touch. See Exploration. 
Pal'pe-bra,® plural Pal'pe-bra*. 
(Fr. Paupih’e, pb'pe-eR'.) The eyelid. 
Pal'pe-brav* gen. Pal-pe-bra'runa, 
the plural of Palpebra, which see. 
Pal'pe-bral. [Palpebra'lis.] Be- 
longing to the eyelid. 
Pal'pe-brate. [Palpebra'tus; from 
pal'pebra, the “ eyelid.”] Having pal- 
pebrse. 
Pi&l'pi,® gen. Pal-po'rum, the plural 
of Palpus, which see. 
Pal-pif'cr-ons. [Palpif'erus; from 
pal'pus, a “feeler,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or having palpi. 
Pal'pi-forni. [Palpifor'mis; from 
pal'pus, a “feeler.”] Having the form 
of a qialpus. 
Pal-pig'er-us.* [From pal'pus, a 
“ feeler,” and ge'ro, to “ bear.”] The 
same as Palpiferous, which see. 
Pal-pl-ta'tioai. [Palpita'tio, o'nis; 
from pal'pita, pa/pita'turn, to “ throb.”] 
Convulsive motion of a part. Applied 
especially to the rapid action of the 
heart. A genus of the order Spasrni, class 
Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Palpus,® plural Pal'pi. [From 
pal'po, to “feel,” or “touch.”] A feeler. 
Applied to the articulated filaments at- 
tached to the jaws or lower lip of certain 
Crustacese, Arachnides, and Insect a, ap- 
parently employed by the animal in 
recognizing its food. The palpus must 
not be confounded with the antenna, 
also termed a feeler. See Antenna. 
Palsy. See Paralysis. 
Pa-lu-dlc'o-lus.® [From pa'i us 
palu’dis, a “marsh,” or “stagnant wa- 
ter,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] Growing 
or living on the margins of ponds in 
marshy grounds. 
Pa-lu'«lose. [Paludo'sus; from 
pa'his, a “ marsh,” or “stagnant water.”] 
Marshy, or fenny; growing or living in 
marshes. 
Pa-lus'trlne. [From the same.] The 
same as Paludose, which see. 
Pam-pin'X-form. [Paiii(>ini(dr'- 
mis; frompam'pinus, a “tender shoot,” 
or “tendril of a vine.”] Having the 
appearance of a tendril. 
[Gr. navasua; from rra;, 
“all,” and didopai, to “cure.”] A pre- 
tended remedy for every disease. 
Panacea Lapsoi'tiin. See Arnica 
Montana. 
Pa-iuVdo, or Pa-na'da. [From pa'~ 
nis, “bread.”] Bread boiled in water to 
a pulpy consistence. 
Pa'nax.® Ginseng. The Pharma- 
copoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
the Pa'nax quinquefo' Hum. It is an 
aromatic stimulant, and is prized by the 
Chinese for its supposed power of in- 
creasing virility. 
Pan'cre-as, at/*.* [From iras, nauras, 
“all,” and icpia;, “flesh.”] A long, flat, 
glandular viscus in the epigastric region, 
somewhat resembling a dog’s tongue. 
The sweet-bread in the lower animals. 
Pau-cre-a-tal'gl-a.* [From itay- 
icpcas, the “ pancreas,” and a'Xyo;, “ pain.”] 
Pain in the pancreas: pan'creatalgy. 
Pan-cre-at'ic. [Pancreat' ic us.] 
Belonging to the pancreas. 
Panereat'ic Duct. The duct formed 
by the union of the numerous excretory 
ducts proceeding from the lobules of the 
pancreas. 
Panereat'ic Juice. The peculiar 
fluid secreted by the pancreas. 
Pan-cre-a-ti'tis, idis.* [Frompan'- 
creas.] Inflammation of the pancreas. 
Pan-crc-a-ton'cus.* [From 7rdyspeas, 
and oysoa “tumor.”] A hard tumor 
of the pancreas. 
Pandanacese,® pan-da-na'she-e. 
[From Pan'danns, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of endogenous trees or 
shrubs, found in tropical regions. It in- 
cludes the Carludovi'ca, from the leaves 
of which Panama hats are made. 
Pan-de'ml-a.* [From iras, “all,” 
391 PAN 
PAP 
and Sifi»of, the “ people.”] A disease 
which affects the people of a country 
generally. See Epidemic. 
Pan-dein'ic. [Pandeni'icus; from 
the same.] The same as Epidemic. 
Pan-dic-u-la'tion. [Pamlioiila'- 
tio, o'nis ; from paudic'ult/r, pandicida'- 
Uvs, to “stretch,” to “yawn.”] The act 
of yawning or gaping. 
Pan-durl-fos-in. [Pandurifor'- 
him; from pandit'ra, a “musical instru- 
ment,” a “violin”?] Resembling a vio- 
lin ; fiddle-shaped. 
Panglaceav* pan-je-a'she-S. [From 
Pan'gium, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of exogenous trees, found 
in the hotter parts of India. They are 
all poisonous. 
' Pan'I-cle. [Panic'nla; diminutive 
of pa'iuis, the “woof wound on the 
quill in the shuttle.”] A form of inflo- 
rescence ; a raceme the branches of which 
bear each more than one flower. 
Pa-nic'n-late. [Panicula'tus.] 
Having panicles. 
Pan-ic-u-H-for'inis.* [From pa- 
nic'ula, a “ panicle.”] Having the form 
of a panicle. 
Pa'nis.* (Fr. Pain, p3,N°.) A Latin 
term signifying “bread.” It occurs in 
the following phrases:—Pa'nis tritit'eus, 
“ wheaten bread;” mi'ca pa'nis, a “crumb 
of breadpa'nis tos'tus, “ toasted bread,” 
for making toast-water; pa'nis furfura'- 
ceus, “ bran-breadpa'nis biscoc'tus 
(i.e. “twice-baked”), “biscuit;” pa'nis 
nau'ticus, “ sea bread or biscuit.” 
Pan-nic'u-Ius.* [Diminutive of 
pan'nas, “cloth.”] A pan'nicule. Ori- 
ginally, a “small cloth,” or “piece of 
cloth.” Usually applied to a membrane 
or covering; but sometimes to a disease 
of the eye. See Pannus. 
Pannic’ulus Ad-I-po'sus.® Adi- 
pose membrane. 
Paniiic'iilus Cor'dis.* (“ Covering 
of the Heart.”) See Pericardium. 
Pan'111-form. [Pannifor'mis; 
from pan'nus, “cloth.”] Applied to 
parts of a spongy, thick substance, as 
certain lichens. 
Pan'nus,* or Pan'nnm.* [From 
nnro;, a “web of cloth.”] Literally, a 
“ cloth,” or “ rag.” Sometimes applied to 
an irregular mark on the skin; also to 
a thick membranous excrescence, stretch- 
ing over the cornea. A tent for a wound, 
or soft rag for covering a wound. 
Pan'ntis Yes-1 - esi - to' rl - ns.* 
(“ Blistering Cloth.”) Prepared by di- 
gesting powder of cantharides in sul- 
phuric ether, evaporating, and spreading 
the oily mass which remains, melted 
with twice its weight of wax, on cloth 
prepared with waxed plaster. 
Pan-ta-nior'plil-a.* [From iras, 
nai/ro;, “all,” and dftofxjtia, “shapeless- 
ness.”] Complete deformity. 
Paii-ta-inor'plis-cus.* Belonging 
to pantamorphia: pantamorphic. 
Pan-ta-nen-$e*plia'lI-H.* [From 
ir a;, “all,” and anencepha'lia, a “defi- 
ciency of brain.”] Total absence of 
brain in a monster-foetus. 
Pan-ta-t ro'plii-a.* [From jraj, 
“all,” and arpopia, “want of nourish- 
ment.”] Complete innutrition. 
Pan-tat'ro-plms.® [From ms, 
“all,” and arpopo;, “without nourish- 
ment.”] Totally without nutrition. 
Pan-zo-o'tl-a.* [From nas, “all,” 
and swov, an “ animal.”] See Epizooty. 
Pa-pa'ver,eris.® (Fr. Pavot, pa'vo'.) 
The Poppy. A Linnasan genus of the 
class Polyandria, natural order Papa- 
vcracese. Also, the Pharmaeopoeial name 
|| for the capsules of the Papaver soi/i- 
niferum. 
Papa'ver Al'bum.* Another name 
for the Papaver somniferum. 
Papa'ver Er-rat'I-cum.* Another 
name for the Papaver rhoeas. 
Papa'ver ISlite'as.* The red corn 
poppy. The juice possesses narcotic pro- 
perties ; but it is little used as a medicine. 
Papa'ver Som-nif'er-uni.* The 
white poppy, from which opium is ob- 
tained. 
Papaveraoesc,* pa-pav-e-ra'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants 
(herbs or shrubs), nearly two-thirds of 
which are natives of Europe. They are 
generally narcotic. The order includes 
the Papa'ver (Poppy), Argemo'ne, and 
Sangaina'ria (Blood-root). Opium is 
the inspissated juice of the Papa'ver 
tomnif ernm. 
Pa-pa v-e-rii'ceous. [Papavera'- 
cens: from papa'ver, a “ poppy.”] Re- 
sembling the poppy. Applied to an order 
of plants. See Papaverace^e. 
Pa-pav'e-riite. [Papav'eras,a'/ts.] 
A combination of papaveric acid with a 
base. The same as Meconate. 
Pa-pav'er-in. [Papaveri'na; 
from papa'ver, a “poppy.”] A new base 
discovered in opium. 
Pa-paw'. The Car'iea Papa'ya, a tree 
with a milky juice, containing fibrin in 
such abundance that the juice bears a 
remarkable resemblance to animal mat- 
ter.—(Hoblyn.) The juice and seed are 
392 PAP 
PAR 
considered to possess anthelmintic pro- 
perties. 
Papayacese,® pa-pa-ya'she-e. A nat- 
ural order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
natives of tropical and temperate re- 
gions. It includes the Car'ica Pajm'ya 
(Papaw), the fruit of which is eatable 
when cooked, and is used as a vermifuge. 
Pa-pil-I-o-na'eeous. [Papilio- 
na'ceus; from pupil'io, a “butterfly.”] 
Resembling a butterfly, as the flowers 
of leguminous plants. Applied to a form 
of polypetalous corolla with five dis- 
similar petals, as in the pea. 
Pa-pil'la,* plural Pa-pil'lre. [From 
pap'ula, a “ pimple.”] Originally, a 
“ pimple.” Usually applied to the minute 
eminences on various surfaces of the 
body, consisting of the terminations of 
nerves with their accompanying vessels, 
as the papillae of the tongue. 
Pa-pil'lse,* gen. Pup-il-la'rum, 
the plural of Papilla, which see. 
Papillae Cir-cum-val-la'tse.* Situ- 
ated on the dorsum of the tongue, near 
its root, and forming a row on each side 
which meets its fellow at the middle 
line, like the two branches of the letter 
A. They resemble cones attached by 
the apex to the bottom of a cup-shaped 
depression, and are hence named calyci- 
formes. This cup-shaped cavity forms 
a kind of fossa around the papillae, and 
hence they are called circumvullatee (be. 
“fortified around”). 
Papil'lse 3Ie<l-ul-la'res.* (“Me- 
dullary Papillae.”) Small eminences on 
the Medulla oblongata. 
Papillae Kc'nis.® (“ Papillae of the 
Kidney.”) Applied to the apices of the 
Tubuli uriniferi of the kidney, arranged 
into eight or ten conical fasciculi; called 
also papillary caruncles. 
Pap'il-la-ry. [Papillaris; from 
papil'la.] Belonging to the nipple. 
Papillary Ctprun'cles. A name 
for the Papillae renis. 
Pap'il-late. [Papilla'tns; from 
papil'la.\ In Botany, bearing small, 
soft projections. 
Pap-il-lif’er-ous. [Papillif'erus; 
from papil'la, and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing papillae. 
Pa-pilll-form. [ Papillifor'mis; 
from pupil'la.\ Resembling a papilla. 
Pap-il-lo'ma,* plural Pap-il-Iom'- 
a-ta. [From the same.] The name of 
a tumor arising on the skin, or surface 
of the body, from a morbid transforma- 
tion of the papillae. The wart is an ex- 
ample of this kind. 
Pap-il-lose'. [Papillosus; from 
the same.] The same as Papillate. 
Pap-piff'er-us.* [From pap'pm, 
“down,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
ing down, wool, Or hair: pappif'erous. 
Pap-pi-for'inis.* [From pap'pus. 
“down.”] Having the appearance of a 
tuft of wool or small feather. 
Pap-pose'. [Pappo'sus; from the 
same.] Having a pappus; downy. 
Pap'pus.* [Gr. naiuros, “ down of 
thistles,” etc.] The first downy beard 
on the cheek or chin. Also, a tuft of hairs 
attached to the seed of certain plants. 
Pap'u-la,* plural Pap'u-lae. [Di- 
minutive of pa'pa, a “teat.”] A pimple; 
a round protuberance, soft and full of an 
aqueous fluid, formed by a little pocket 
of the epidermis. A small, acuminated, 
inflamed elevation of the skin; a wheal. 
Applied in the plural to an order of 
Willan’s arrangement of skin-diseases. 
Pap-u-lif'er-ous. [Papulif'crus ; 
from pap'ula, a “pimple,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing or having papulae. 
Pap'u-lous. [Papulo'sus; from 
pap'ula, a “pimple.”] Pertaining to 
pimples; covered with pimples. 
Pap-y-ra'eeous. [Papy ra'ceus; 
from Papy'rua, an Egyptian plant; also, 
“ paper.”] Resembling papyrus or 
paper; having some analogy to paper in 
thickness and consistence. Applied to 
many shells. 
Pa-py'ri,* the plural of Papyrus. 
The name given to the written scrolls 
made of the papyrus, found in Egypt, 
Herculaneum, etc. 
Pa-py'rus,® plural Pa-py'ri. The 
Cype'rus Papy'rua. A cyperaceous 
plant, whose soft, cellular flower-stem af- 
forded the most ancient material of which 
paper was made. It was abundant in 
the valley of the Nile. See Papyri. 
Par JJervo'rum.*(“ Pair of Nerves.”) 
See Paria Nervorum. 
Par No'num.* (“Ninth Pair.”) An 
encephalic nerve whieh sends filaments 
to the pharynx and portions of the neck, 
but especially to the tongue, whence it 
has been variously termed the lingual, 
gustatory, and hypoglossal nerve. 
Par Octavum. See Pneumogas- 
TRIC. 
Par Primum. See Olfactory 
Nerves. 
Par Quartum. See Pathetic. 
Par (fcnintuin. See Trigemini. 
Par Secundum. See Optic Nerve. 
Par Septimum. See Seventh 
Pair. 
393 Par Sextinu. See Sixth Pair. 
Par Tertium. See Motorbs Occ- 
i.orum. 
Par Vaguin.5 (The “Wandering 
Pair.”) A name of the eighth pair of 
nerves. See Pxeumogastric. 
Pa ra (napa). A Greek preposition, 
signifying “from or by the side of;” 
“near;” “beyond.” When combined 
with other words, it often signifies 
“amiss,” or “wrong.” 
P&r-a-blas'ta.* [From napa, “be- 
side,” “from the side of,” and [iXaarri, an 
“offshoot.”] A sucker or offshoot. Also, 
disease with anatomical conversion or 
alteration : a parablast. 
Pslr-a-blep'sis.* [From napa, 
“amiss,” and (IXeipis, a “looking,” 
“vision.”] False vision. 
Pa-rab 'o- la.* [Gr. napa6o\h; from 
napaldW'j, to “throw beside,” to “place 
side by side.”] One of the conic sections, 
formed by the intersection of a cone 
with a plane parallel to one of its sides. 
It is the curve which would be described 
by a projectile in a vacuum. 
Par-a-byts'ma, atisN [From napa- 
8v'j), to “stuff.”] Turgescence of a part. 
P&r-a-bys'ti-a.* [From the same.] 
A stuffing in or insertion. 
I'ar-a-ten-te'sis. 5 [From napaKevrim, 
to “pierce at the side.”] The operation 
of tapping the thorax, abdomen, etc., to 
discharge the fluid, as in hydrothorax, 
ascites, empyema, etc. 
Pftr-a-cu'sis.* [From napa, “amiss,” 
“wrong,” and dnova], to “hear.”] De- 
praved or defective hearing. A genus 
of the order Dyseesthesise, class Locales, 
of Cullen's Nosology. 
Paracu sis I-mag’-I-na'rl-a.* The 
hearing of imaginary sounds, not exist- 
ing without, but excited within the ear. 
Paracn'sis 1 in-pcr-fccia.5 Deaf- 
ness, or inability to hear sounds as usual. 
[From napi, “be- 
yond,” and Kvqots, “pregnancy.”] Preter- 
natural or morbid pregnancy. 
Par-ics-tlic si-a,5 or Par-sea-tlie'- 
sis.“ [From napa, “amiss,” “wrong,” 
and ah9n<ris, “sensation.”] Morbid or 
depraved sensation. 
Piir'af-fin, or Par’af-line. [Par- 
afli'na; from pa'rum, “little,” and 
ajffi'uis, “ related,” or “inclined to unite.”] 
A white, crystalline substance, without 
taste or smell, obtained from petroleum, 
wood-tar, and other materials. It is 
solid at the common temperatures, is 
soluble in alcohol and ether, but resists 
the action of acids, alkalies, etc. It re- 
l’Alt 
eeives its name from its little affinity for 
other substances. It is used for making 
candles, and for various other purposes 
for which wax is employed. 
I,ar-a-geu'sis,*orI,ar.a-g(>u'sI-a.:f 
[Fromnapd, “ amiss,” and yevm, to “ taste.”] 
Morbid or depraved taste. 
Tea. The product of 
the 1'lex Paraguayen'sis, a plant grow- 
ing in South America. The leaves have 
a balsamic odor and a bitter taste, which 
is disagreeable to those unaccustomed to 
it. They arc said to contain a principle 
identical with thecaffein of coffee andtea. 
I’iiral-la.v. [Parallax'is; from 
a ‘‘change,” a “difference.”] 
Literally, a “change.” A change of place, 
or of aspect. The term is used to denote 
the difference between the apparent place 
of a celestial body and its true place, or 
that in which it would be seen if the 
observer were placed at the centre to 
which the motion is referred.—(Brande.) 
Pftr'al-lel. [Parallo'lus; from 
napa, “beside,” and dXXriXr.w, “each 
other.”] Having the same direction, 
and equally distant from each other in 
all their extent, as parallel lines. 
Par-al-lel-i-ner'vls,* or Par-al- 
lel-I-iier'vi-us.* [From paralle'lus, 
“parallel,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
Applied to leaves of which the nerves 
are parallel, or nearly so, as in all endo- 
genous plants. 
Pitr-al-lel 'o-gram. [Parallelo- 
grnninia; from napaX\r)\os, “equally 
distant,” and ypapprj, a “line.”] Any 
quadrilateral figure whose opposite sides 
are parallel. 
Par'allel-Veined. [Parallelive- 
no sus: from paralle'lus, “parallel,” 
and ve'tia, a “vein.”] Applied to leaves 
which are marked by parallel veins 
running from the base to the apex. Such 
leaves are characteristic of endogenous 
plants. 
Paralyse. See Paralytic. 
Paralysie. See Paralysis. 
Pa-ral'y-sis.® [From n apaXvco, to 
“loosen,” also, to “disable.”] (Fr. Para- 
lysie, p8,'r3,Te'z&'.) Palsy. A disease 
characterized by loss or great diminution 
of the power of voluntary motion, affect- 
ing any part of the body. A genus of 
the order Comata, class Neuroses, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. 
Paral'ysis Agfl-lans.* The “sha- 
king palsy.” 
Paral'ysis Hem-Fples'l-ea.* 
Palsy of one half or side of the body. 
See Hemiplegia. 
PA 11 
394 PAR 
ne.* [From itapa, “beside,” and oeXhep, 
the “moon.”] Aluminous phenomenon 
consisting in the appearance of one or 
more images of the moon. 
1‘arij-site. [Lat. Parasi'ta; Gr. 
irapdoiro;, “one who lives at another’s 
expense.”] Applied to a vegetable, or 
animal, that draws its sustenance from 
others; the one living on or in the bodies 
of other animals, the other fixing its 
roots into other plants. 
Par-a-sit'I-cal. [Parasiticus; 
from parasi'tiw, a “sponger,” or “para- 
site.”] (Fr. Parusitaire, 
Belonging to a parasite: parasitic. 
Par-a-si'tns.* [Gr. irapdcno;, a 
“sponger,” or “parasite.”] Applied in 
the plural neuter (Parasi'ta) to an order 
of insects, from their parasitical habits. 
Par-a-spa'di-a.* [From irapd, “from 
the side,” and aird<j, to “draw.”] An 
opening of the urethra upon one side of 
the penis. 
Pa-ras'ta-dus.® [From irapaoras, a 
“series of pillars.”] Applied to the sterile 
filaments between petals and stamens. 
Par-as-ta-ti'tis.® The same as 
Prostatitis, which see. 
Par-a-ste'inom, on/*.*' [From irapd, 
“ amiss,” and on)paw, a “ stamen.”] An 
altered and sterile stamen. 
Par-a-sty'lus.® [From irapd, “near,” 
and orv\os, a “ pillar.”] Applied to parts 
of the flower which resemble pistils 
but do not fulfil their functions : a par'- 
astyle. 
Par-a-sys'to-le.® [From irapd, 
“ amiss,” and avo-oXrj, a “ contracting.”] 
An unusual interval between the pulsa- 
tions, or between the systole and diastole 
of the heart and arteries. 
Par-at'o-inoiis. [Parat'omus; 
from irapd, “beside,” and rcpvco, to “cut.”] 
Applied to the cleavage of minerals when 
the planes are parallel with those of the 
fundamental figure, or are inclined to the 
axis. 
Pa-rec'tsi-iua, Mis.* [From irapcK- 
tciiicl), to “ stretch out.”] Excessive ex- 
tension. 
Par-ee-tani'l-cus.1 Belonging to 
parevtama: pareetamic. 
Pa-rec'tfwsis.® [From the same.] 
A stretching out; extension. 
Par-e-gor/ic. [Paregor'icus; from 
iraprjyopcu, to “encourage,” to “soothe,” 
or “ assuage.”] Mitigating or assuaging 
pain. 
Piiregor'ic E-lix'ir. The Tine,turn 
opii camphorntn. Also formerly applied 
to the Tinctura opii ammoniata. 
PAR 
Paral'ysis Par-ippIe&'I-ca.* 
Palsy of one half (usually the lower part) 
of the body. See Paraplegia. 
Paral ysis Partia'lis * (par-she-a'- 
lis). “ Partial Paralysis.” Palsy of 
some particular muscle or nerve. 
Paral'ysls Ven-e-na'ta.* Palsy 
from the effects of some poison. 
Par-a-lyt'ic. [Lat. Paralyt'lens; 
Fr. Paralyse^it'r&'ie'ziL', or Paralytique, 
pS,'ra'le't£k'.] Belonging to paralysis, 
or affected with paralysis. 
Par-a-isie'ni-a.® [From irapd, 
“amiss,” and pljrtj, the “menses.”] Dis- 
ordered menstruation. 
Par-a-nior'plil-a.® [From irapd, 
“amiss,” and poprjirj, “form.”] Morbid 
structure. Applied to organic diseases. 
Par-a-ne-phri'tis, Irfi*.* [From 
partin'ephrusi] Inflammation of the 
suprarenal capsules. 
Pa-ran'e-phrus.* [From irapd, 
“beside,” and rerbpdf, the “kidney.”] A 
name for the suprarenal capsule. 
Pftr-a-plii-ino'sis.® [From irapd, 
“amiss,” and rpipdw, to “bridle.”] A 
disorder in which the prepuce is con- 
stricted behind the glans penis and can- 
not be drawn forward. 
Par-a-phi-mot'I-cus.® Belonging 
to paraphimosis. 
Pftr-a-plto'm-a.® [From irapd, 
“amiss,” or “wrong,” and <pa>vrj, the 
“voice.”] Change or alteration of the 
voice; bad voice. A genus of the order 
Pyscinesiie of Cullen’s Nosology. 
fl*ar-a-plec'tl-eus,® or Par-a-plec'- 
tus.® [From irapd, “ amiss,” and irhijeou, 
to “strike.”] Paraplectic; stricken on one 
side; paralyzed; also, frenzy-stricken. 
Par-a-ple'&I-a.* [Gr. irapairXrpyta, a 
“benumbing of parts;” from irapd, 
“amiss,” “wrong,” and rrXrjoow, to 
“strike.”] A paralytic stroke affecting 
one-half of the body, either the upper or 
lower, usually the lower; also termed 
Paralysis paraplegiea. 
Pftr-a-ple&' ic. [ Parapleg'icus.] 
Belonging to paraplegia. 
Par-a-popli'jf-sis,* plural Par-a- 
poph'y-ses. [From irapd, “near,” “be- 
side,” and diropvo), to “be arisen from.”] 
Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
the lower transverse process of a ver- 
tebra. 
Pa-rap'sis.* [From irapd, “amiss,” 
or “wrong,” and uxpif, “touch.”] A 
generic term applied by Dr. Good to the 
rarious forms of morbid or defective 
sense of touch. 
Par-a-se-le'ni-a,® or P&r-a-se-le'- 
395 PAR 
PAR 
Pareira (Sp.), pi-ra'ri, or Parei'ra 
Bra'va. The Pharmacopceial name || of 
the root of Cissampelos pareira. 
Pareira Brava, p&-ra'r3. br&'v&. 
The Spanish name for the root of Cis- 
sampelos pareira. 
i die.* [From 
parenceph'alia, the “cerebellum.”] In- 
flammation of the cerebellum. 
Pa-reii'eSiy-ma, a tin.* [From nap- 
eyxi<>>, to “ pour in beside.”] Originally 
applied to the mass of tissue lying be- 
tween the vessels of any organ or part. 
This mass was supposed to be the result 
of an effusion of blood or other fluid. 
Now applied to the connecting tissue of 
the viscera, considered as distinct from 
the vessels, ducts, nerves, etc. In Botany 
it denotes soft, cellular tissue, such as 
that which forms the green pulp of leaves, 
and the outer bark of' stems. 
Pa-ren-€l»y-mat'ic. [Parenchy- 
mat'icus.] Belonging to parenchyma. 
Par-oil-vliylli-a-ti'tis. idis.* [From 
pareii'chyma.] Inflammation of the 
parenchyma. 
Psir-eii-cliym'a-tous. [ Paron- 
cliym'atus, or Parenoliymato sust' 
from the same.] Applied to parts or 
organs formed of parenchyma. 
Pa-ron-ell y ni-«“i>-a-ti 'tis, idis* 
[From pareii'chyma, and hepati'lia, “in- 
flammation of the liver.”] Parenchym- 
atous inflammation of the liver. 
Par-ep-I-thym’I-a.* [From napii, 
“amiss,” and imdopia, a “longing.”] 
Morbidly changed or depraved desires. 
Piir'e-sis.* [From -rapippi, to “relax.”] 
The paralysis of a part from debility. 
Pa-ret'ic. Belonging to paresis. 
Par-JioTi-on.® [From mpd, “ near,” 
and r.hos, the “ sun.”] A mock-sun. A 
meteor consisting in the simultaneous 
appearance of one or more faint images 
of the sun. They are often tinted with 
prismatic colors. 
Par'I-a Jfer-vo'rnm.* (“Pairs of 
Nerves.”) An appellation especially ap- 
plied to the cranial or encephalic nerves, 
of which there are reckoned nine pairs 
according to some anatomists, and twelve 
pairs according to others. The first pair 
is the olfactory, the second the optic, the 
third the oculo-motor, and so on. The 
portio mollis of the seventh pair, is by 
some writers reckoned as the eighth pair; 
so the two portions of the pneumogastric, 
or eighth pair (proper), are considered as 
two pairs. In like manner, the accessory 
nerve of Willis, usually reckoned as 
belonging to the eighth pair, is counted 
as the eleventh; while the ninth pair 
(proper) becomes the twelfth. 
Pa'rl-eS,* plural P»-ri'e-te$. The 
sides or walls of any cavity or organ are 
termed its pnrietes. 
Pa-rl'e-tal. [Parfeta'Iis; from 
pa'ries, a “ wall.”] Relonging to the 
parietes or walls of any cavity, organ, 
etc. 
Pari'etal Bones. [Os'sa Pario- 
ta'lia.] The two quadrangular bones 
forming the transverse arch of the 
cranium. 
Pa-ri'e-teS,* gen. Pa-ri'e-tum, the 
plural of Pakies, which see. 
Par-I-pen'nate, or PAr-I-pin'nate. 
[Paripenna'tus ; from par, “equal,” 
and pen'na, a “feather,” or “quill.”] 
Applied to a pennate leaf which has an 
even number of leaflets, and has none 
on the very apex of the petiole. 
Paripinnate. See Paripenxate. 
Par-ist ti-nii 't is. [From napdf 
“near,” and iaOpdf, the “fauces.”] In- 
flammation about the throat. The squin- 
cy, or sqainancy, of the old writers, and 
the quinsy, cynanche, or .angina, of the 
moderns. 
Par-oc-cip'I-tal. [Paroecipita'- 
lis; from napa, “ by the side of,” or 
“near,” and occipita'le os, the “occipital 
bone.”] Proposed by Owen for the ele- 
ments of the occipital segment of the 
cranium, below the supraoccipital. 
Pitr-o-dyn'I-a.* [From vapu, “amiss,” 
or “wrong,” and odvrn, “pain.”] Morbid 
labor. The name of a genus in Good’s 
Nosology. 
Pa-rom'pha-lo-cele.* [From irapa, 
“near,” dpipaXds, the “navel,” and Kij\ri, a 
“tumor.”] Hernia near the navel. 
Par-o-nlr'I-a.* [From vapd, “ amiss,” 
and onipoi, a “dream.”] A generic term 
applied by Dr. Good to morbid dreams, 
including somnambulism, nocturnal pol- 
lution, etc. 
Pftr-o-nydi't-a.® [From n apd, 
“near,” and ovof, the “nail.”] (Fr. 
Onylade, dx«'gl&.d'.) A collection of pus, 
or an abscess, in the fingers; the disease 
termed whitlow. The term was originally 
applied to a tumor situated near or under 
the nail. 
Par-o-iiy-eli'I-cus.* Belonging to 
paronychia. 
Pa-rop'sls.* [From napa, “amiss,’ 
and dtpig, “vision.”] A generic term ap- 
plied by Dr. Good to disorders of the 
sense of vision; false-seeing. 
PAr-os'mls.* [From vapd, ‘'amiss,” 
or “wrong,” and djpn, “smell.”] Morbid 
396 or depraved smell. The name of a genus 
in Good’s Nosology. 
Pa-ros'tX-a.* [From irapa, “amiss,” 
or “wrong,” and donor, a “bone.”] De- 
fective ossification. 
Parotia,® pa-ro'she-a. [From paro'- 
tis, the “parotid gland.”] The same as 
Parotitis, which see. 
i’ii-ro! id. [Parotiilc'us, or Pa- 
rotiilaj'us; from rrapa, “near,” and ov;, 
6rdf, the “ear.”] Situated near the ear. 
Applied to a gland. 
Parot id Duct. [Ductus Paro- 
tide'us.] See Parotid Gland. 
Pai-ot id’Gland. [Glan'dula Pa- 
rotiite'a (or Parotidae'a), or Paro- 
tis.] The large, conglomerate, salivary 
gland under the ear. Its secretions are 
discharged through the parotid duct into 
the mouth, opposite the second superior 
molar tooth. 
Parotide. See Parotis. 
Parotidean Plexus. See Pes An- 
SERINES. 
Par-ot-I-ilon'cus.® [From irapwri;, 
the “parotid gland,” and oy*of, a “tu- 
mor.”] Tumor or swelling of the parotid 
gland, commonly termed the mumps. 
See Parotitis. 
Par-ot-I-iio-scir'rlms.® [From 
irapcons, the “parotid gland,” and oKipfoi, 
an “induration.”] Scirrhous hardening 
of one or both parotid glands. 
Pa-ro'tis, idis.* [From irapa, “near,” 
and ovs, 6rdf, the “ear.”] (Fr. Parotide, 
p&’ro'tM'.) The parotid gland, situated 
under the ear. 
Psir-o-ti'tis, id is A- [From paro'tis, 
the “parotid gland.”] Inflammation of 
the parotid gland, popularly termed the 
mumps; also called Cynan'che parotide'a. 
Parox-yiin. [Paroxys'mus; 
from to “ aggravate.”] An evi- 
dent increase of symptoms, which after 
a certain time decline; a periodical fit 
or attack. 
Part. aff. = Par'temaffec'tam.* “ The 
part affected.” 
Part, dolent. = Par'tem dolen'tem.* 
“ The part in pain.” 
Par-the-no-gen'e-sis.® [From rrap- 
Ocrof, a “ virgin,” and yma, to “ be born.”] 
The successive production of procreating 
individuals from a single ovum. In 
Botany, the formation of a perfect seed 
without the agency of pollen. 
Par'tial Pe'tl-oie. The stalk of a 
leaflet of a pinnate leaf. 
Par'tial Um'bel. A part of a com- 
pound umbel; an umbellet. 
Par'tl-cle. [Partic'ula; diminu- 
PAR 
tive of pars, a “part.”] An atom; a 
corpuscle; the minutest part into which 
a body can be mechanically divided. 
Par'tite. [From par'tio, parti'turn, 
to “ part,” or “ divide.”] Parted, or 
divided, as leaves the incisions 01 
sinuses of which reach almost to the 
midrib. 
Par-tu'rX-ent. [Partu'riens, 
en'tie/ from partu'rio, to “travail,” to 
“bring forth.”] Bringing forth; child- 
bearing. 
Par-tu-rl-fa'cient. [From partu'rio, 
to “bring forth,” and fa'cio, to “cause.”] 
A medicine which facilitates parturition. 
Par-tu-rl'tlon. [Parturi'tio, o'a/s,- 
from partu'rio, parturi'tum, to “bring 
forth.”] (Fr. Accouchement, S'koosh'- 
mos*'.) Expulsion of the foetus from 
the uterus. Also, the state of being in 
childbed. 
Par'tus.® [From pa'rio, par'turn, to 
“bring forth.”] The act of bringing 
forth young, otherwise called labor; also, 
the young when brought forth ; the birth. 
Part. vie. = Parti'tis via'ihus,* “ In 
divided doses.” 
Pa-ru'lis, idis.* [From napa, “near,” 
or “by the side of,” and ov\ov, the “gum.”] 
Gum-boil. Inflammation, boil, or abscess 
of the gums. 
Pa-ru'ri-a.® [From irapa, “amiss,” 
and ovpecj, to “pass urine.”] Mismictu- 
rition, or difficulty in passing urine. 
Par-Yagum. See Pneemogastric. 
Par-vi-tlo'rus.® [From par'vus, 
“small,” and jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
small flowers. 
Par-vi-fo'IX-us.® [From par'vus, 
“small,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
small leaves. 
Pas'sa.® [Nominative singular femi- 
nine of pas'sus, “ dried in the sunshine.”] 
Applied to uva, to signify a dried grape 
or raisin. See Passes. 
Pas'ser,* plural Pas'ser-eS. A spar- 
row. Applied to an order of birds. See 
Passeres. 
Pas'ser-eS* [the plural of Passer, 
a “sparrow”], otherwise termed Pas-se- 
ri'nse.® The name of an order of birds 
of the sparrow kind. They form the most 
extensive and varied order of birds. 
Passerine. See Passerines. 
Pas-se-ri'nus.* [From pas'ser, a 
“ sparrow.”] Belonging to the sparrow. 
Applied in the plural (Passeri'nse) to an 
order of birds otherwise termed Passeres: 
pas'serine. 
Passilloracea?,* pas-se-flo-ra'she-e, 
or Passlllo'rea;.® A natural order of 
PAS 
397 exogenous twining plants with showy 
flowers, abundant in South America and 
the Wesn Indies. It includes the Passi- 
Jlo'ra (Passion Flower), the fruit of 
which is edible. 
Piis-sl-flo' re-®.3 The Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
Passiflohace,®. 
Pas'sio (pash'e-o) Ilys-ter'i-esi.® 
Hysteria, or hysterics. 
Passio I linen. See Iliac Passion. 
Passion. Ungovernable. Sec Em- 
I’ATHEMA. 
Pas'sive Ufo'tion. Applied to mo- 
tion caused not by the patient himself, 
but gently by another person. 
Pas'su-la.® [Diminutive of pas'sa, 
“dried in the sun,” u'va, a “grape,” 
being understood.] A little dried 
grape; a raisin. 
Passiiia Ma'jor.® (“Larger Rai- 
sin*.”) The systematic name of the dried 
fruit of the Vitis vinifera; a raisin. 
Pas-su-la'tus.® [From pas'sula, a 
“raisin.”] Pas'sulate. Applied to cer- 
tain medicines of which raisins formed 
the chief ingredient. 
Pas'sus.® [From pan’do, pan'sum or 
pas'sum, to “ spread out” for drying.] 
Dried by exposure to the sun. See 
Passa, and Passula. 
Pas'til. [ Past il 'linn; diminutive 
of pas'ta, a “ lozenge.”] A little lump 
like a lozenge ; a troch. 
Pas-tl-na'ca.® The Parsnip. A Lin- 
nsean genus of the class Pentandria, 
natural order Umbelliferte,. 
Pastina'ca O-pop'o-nax.® The 
plant formerly stated to afford Opoponax, 
now referred to the Opoponax chironium. 
Pate Ars£nicale, pat au'sAmi'kal'. 
(“Arsenical Paste.”) An application for 
cancers, consisting of seventy parts of 
cinnabar, twenty-two of dragon’s blood, 
and eight of arsenious acid. 
Pa-tel'la,® gen. Pa-tel'Iae. [Di- 
minutive otpat'ina, a “pan.”] The knee- 
pan, or knee-cap; also termed Mo'la,* 
and Rot'u-la.® (Fr. Rotulc, ro'tiil'.) In 
Botany, a plain receptacle, having a dis- 
tinct border of the thallus. Also, a genus 
of the Gasteropoda Mollnsca, inhabiting 
a univalve shell; a limpet. 
Pat-el-la'tus.® [From patel'la, a 
“little dish, or platter.”] Applied to a 
polypus which forms an expansion al- 
most orbicular. 
Pa-tel'll-ibrm. [Patellifor'mis: 
from patel'la, the “knee-pan.”] Having 
the form of a knee-pan, or patella. 
Pa-tel'lu-la.® [Diminutive of patel'- 
PAS 
la, the “knee-pan.”] Applied in Botany 
to a sessile receptacle, orbicular, and sur- 
rounded by a proper border, not produced 
by the thallus. 
Pa-die'ma,* plural Pa-thera'a-ta. 
[From Kudos, “ affection.”] Affection, suf- 
fering, or disease. Passion, or an in- 
stinctive feeling become extreme and 
exclusive. 
Pa-lbcm-a-to-log'i-eal. [Pathe- 
■natolo&'icus.] Belonging to pathein- 
atology. 
Pa-ttiem-a-tol'o-gy. [ Pal lu-nia- 
(ole gia; from pathe'ma, “ affection of 
body or mind,” and Aoyoj, a !i discourse.”] 
The doctrine (or science) of the passions 
or affections of the mind. Also, the same 
as Pathology. 
I’a-tli<“iiiic. [Pathem'lcus.] Be- 
longing to patliema. 
Pa-thet'ic. [Pathet'icus; from 
Kudos, “ affection.”] Belonging to the 
feelings, or passions. Applied to the 
superior oblique muscle of the eye; also, 
to the fourth pair of nerves. See next 
article. 
Pa-tliet'ic Nerves. [Ner'vi Pa- 
tliet'iei.] The fourth pair of nerves, or 
Trochleato'res: so called because the 
eyes express the feelings or passions by 
means of them. 
Patli-o-gen'e-sis.® [From kuOqs, 
“ affection,” or “ disease,” and yircais, 
“generation.”] The origin, production, 
or generation of disease. 
Path-o-£e-net'I-cus.® Belonging 
to pathoyeuesis: pathogenet'ic. 
Patli-o-gen'ic, Patli-o-gen'i-cal. 
[Pathogen'lens.] Belonging to pa- 
thogeny. Applied to substances, effluvia, 
miasmata, etc., which produce disease. 
Pa-thog'e-ny. [Pathoge'nia; from 
Kudos, “affection,” or “disease,” and yeeco, 
to “ be born,” to “ be produced.”] That 
branch of Pathology which treats of the 
causes and development of diseases. 
Pst-tliog-no-nion'ic. [Pathogno- 
inon'icus; from Kudos, “affection,” or 
“disease,” and ymoosto, to “know.”] Ap- 
plied to the peculiar characteristic symp- 
toms of a disease. 
Path-o-graph'I-eal. [Pallio- 
grapli'icus.] Belonging to pathogra- 
phy. 
Pa-tEsog'ra-pliy. [Patliogra'- 
pliia; from Kudos, “affection,” or “dis- 
ease,” and ypuipco, to “write.”] A de- 
scription or history of diseases. 
Pat I1-0-I0& 'I-cal. [ PaJiiolog' i- 
cus.] Belonging to pathology. 
Pa-tliol'o-gy. [Pattiolo'gia; from 
PAT 
398 irJ0o(, an “affection,” or “disease,” and 
Xuyoj, a “discourse.”] The doctrine or 
consideration of diseases. That branch 
of medical science which treats of dis- 
eases, their nature and effects. It is dis- 
tinguished into Medical and Surgical 
Pathology. 
Pat'u-lous. [Pat'ulus: from pa' - 
teo, to “ be open.’’] Open; broad; 
spreading. Applied to certain parts of 
plants. 
Pau-ci-den'tate. [Paucidcnta'- 
tns; from pau'ei, “ few,” “ little,” and 
dens, a “ tooth.”] Slightly dentated. 
Pau-ci-flo'rous. [Paticillo'rns; 
from pau'ei, “few,” and Jtos, a “flower.”] 
Having few flowers. 
Pau-cl-fo'll-ous. [Paucifo Tins; 
from pau'ei, “few,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having few leaves, or folioles. 
Pau-cl-ju-g'a'tus,* Pau-cij'n-gus.* 
[From pau'ei, “few,” and ju'gum, a 
“yoke,” or “pair.”] Applied to a com- 
pound leaf formed of but three or four 
pairs of folioles: paucij'ugate; paucij'- 
ugous. 
Pau-cl-ner'vate. [Paucincrva'- 
tns, Pauciner'vius; from pau'ei, 
“ few,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Having 
but few nerves, or slightly veined. 
Pau-cl-ra-dl-a'tus.® [From pau'ei, 
“few,” and ra'dius, a “ray.”] Applied 
to the umbel when it contains but a 
mi all number of rays. 
I'au-el-se-ri-a'tus. [From pau'ei, 
•‘few,” and se'ries, a “row,” or “order.”] 
Divided into a small number of series. 
Paul-lin'I-a Sor'bl-lis.® A Bra- 
zilian plant from which an extract called 
Paullinia, or Guar ana, is procured. It 
is recommended as a tonic. 
Pauncli. The stomach. Applied 
especially to the first and greatest sto- 
mach of the Iiuminantia. 
PaupiCrc, po'pe-eii'. The French 
term for “ eyelid.” See Palpebra. 
Pav'o-nine. [Pavoni'nus; from 
pa'vo,pavo'nis, the “peacock.”] Having 
eye-like spots resembling those seen on 
the peacock’s tail. 
Pavot, pAvo'. The French name for 
“poppy.” See Papaver. 
Peach. (Fr. Peche, pgsh or pitsh.) 
The Malum Persicum, or fruit of the 
Amygdalus Persica. 
Peach-Tree. The Amyy'dalus Per'- 
sica. 
Pear. The fruit of the Pyrus com- 
munis. 
Pearl. [Lat. Marguri'ta; Fr. Perle, 
peal.] A highly prized substance found 
PAT 
within the shells of certain bivalve mol- 
lusks, formed, as it would appear, by 
the deposition of calcareous matter round 
some nucleus. A pure pearl is generally 
spherical, and has a white or yellowish- 
white color, with a peculiar lustre and 
iridescence, and consists of alternating 
concentric layers of membrane and car- 
bonate of lime. The most valuable pearls 
are obtained from the pearl oyster of 
Ceylon. 
Pearl'-ash. [Named from its white, 
pearly color.] A purer carbonate of 
potassa, prepared by dissolving potash 
and allowing the impurities to subside. 
Pearl Barley. See Hordeum. 
Pearl-White. The subnitrate or tris- 
nitrate of bismuth; flake-white. See 
Bismuthum Album. 
Peat. The natural accumulation of 
vegetable matter from the decaying roots 
of grass, etc., mostly occurring on Ihe 
surface of a bog or moor. When dried, 
it is used as fuel. 
Pec'ten,® gen. Pec'tl-nis. A Latin 
word signifying a “comb:” also, the 
“pubes.” Commonly applied to the os 
pubis, which is a distinct bone in the 
foetal pelvis. 
Pec'tie. [Pec'ticus; from uuktis, a 
“coagulum.”] Applied to an acid which 
is found in many kinds of fruits, and 
has the property of forming jelly. 
Pec'tin. [From the same.] A prin- 
ciple which forms the base of vegetable 
jelly. 
Pec-tl-nae'us.* [From pec'ten, the 
“os pubis.”] Belonging to the pecten, or 
os pubis: pectine'al. See Pkctinalis. 
Pec-tl-na'lis,* or Pec-tl-nse'us.* 
[From the same.] Belonging to, or con- 
nected with, the os pubis. Also, the name 
of a long, flat muscle arising from the 
pectineal line of the os pubis, and in- 
serted into the line leading from the tro- 
chanter minor to the tinea aspera. 
Pec'tl-nate. [Pectina'tns; from 
pec'ten, a “ comb.”] Having the ap- 
pearance of a comb. A pinnatifid leaf 
with regular close and narrow incisions, 
is called pectinate. 
Pectinated Muscles. See Musculi 
Pectinati. 
Pectineus, or Pectineal. See Pec- 
TINALIS. 
Pec'tl-nl-bran-ehl-a'ta.® [See next 
article.] A name given by Cuvier to his 
sixth order of Gasteropoda. It includes 
almost all the spiral univalve shells. 
Pec’ti-nl-bran-chi-a'tus.* [From 
pec'ten, a “comb,” and branchia'tus, 
PEC 
399 PED 
“having branchise.”] Having comb-like 
branchise: pectinobranchiate. 
Pcc-tl-u i I” er-ous. [Pectinif'cr- 
us; from pec'ten, a “comb,” and fc’ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing or having combs. 
Applied to birds. 
Pec-tl-ul-fo'll-us.* [From pec’ten, 
a “comb,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing pectinated leaves. 
Pec'tl-iti-form. [Pectiiiifor'inis; 
from pec'ten, a “comb.”] Resembling a 
comb. 
Pec-ti-no-i'deS.* [From pec'ten, a 
“comb,” and elio;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling one of the shells termed Pecten ; 
like a comb : pectinoid. 
Pec'to-ra,* the plural of Pectus, 
which see. 
Pec'to-ral. [Peetora'lis; from 
pec'tus, pec'toris, the “ breast.”] Be- 
longing to the breast, or chest. In Ich- 
tHyology, applied to those fins which 
correspond to the anterior extremities 
of quadruped animals, and are termed 
pectorals. 
Pectoralia. See Pectorals. 
Pectoralis. See Pectoral. * 
Pec-to-ra'Iis Ma'jor.* (“ Greater 
Pectoral [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
from half the clavicle, all the edge of 
the sternum, and the cartilages of the 
three lower true ribs, and inserted into 
the outer border of the bicipital groove 
of the humerus. It moves the arm for- 
wards, etc. 
Peetora’lis Mi'nor.® (“Lesser Pec- 
toral [Muscle].”) A muscle arising from 
the third, fourth, and fifth ribs, and 
inserted into the coracoid process of the 
scapula. It draws the shoulder-bone 
forwards and downwards, and elevates 
the ribs. 
Pec'to-rals. [Pectora'lia; from 
peetora'lis, “ pectoral.”] Medicines which 
relieve disorders of the chest. 
Pectoriloquia. The same as Pec- 
toriloquy, which see. 
Pec-to-ril'o-qnism. [Pectorilo- 
quis'mus; from pec'tus, the “breast,” 
and lo'quor, to “speak.”] The same as 
Pectoriloquy. 
Pec-to-ril'o-quy. [Pectorilo'- 
quiuin, or Pectorilo quia; from the 
same.] A form or condition of disease 
in which the voice of the patient seems 
to issue from the breast through the 
stethoscope: also termed Pectoriloquism. 
Pec'tus,* gen. Pec'to-ris. That 
part between the neck and abdomen; 
the breast, or chest. The inferior surface 
of the thorax of insects, divided accord- 
PEC 
ing to its segments into the antepectus, 
mediopectus, and postpectus. 
Pedaliacete,* pe-da-le-a'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, found within the tropics, espe- 
cially in Africa. It includes the Peda'- 
liutn and Ses'amtim. 
I’c'dale. | Peda'tus; from pes, pe' - 
dis, a “foot.”] A term applied to a 
palmate leaf, the lateral lobes of which 
are each cleft into two or more seg- 
ments. 
Pe-dat'I-iul. [Pcdatif'idus; from 
pen, pe'dis, a “foot,” and Jin'do, to 
“cleave.”] Applied to leaves which are 
divided in a pedate manner nearly half- 
way to the base. 
Pedatus. See Pedate. 
Pe'des,® gen. Pe'dum, the plural 
of Pes, which see. 
PcKli-tilgl-a.® [From irtfnor, the 
“bones of the foot,” or foot itself, and 
oXyof, “pain.”] Neuralgic affection in 
the foot. 
Pcd'i-cel. [Pedicel'lus; diminu- 
tive of pedic'ulux, a “ flower-stalk.”] The 
stalk of each particular flower in a clus- 
ter or raceme of flowers; a partial pe- 
duncle; a pedicle. Also, the second joint 
of the antenna; of insects. 
Ped'I-cel-late. [Pcdicella'tus; 
from pedicel'lus, a “pedicel.”] IlaviDg 
a pedicel. 
Pcd'I-cIe. The same as Pedicel, 
which see. 
Pe-dic'u-lar. [Pedicula'ris.] Be- 
longing to the pediculns. 
Pc-dicu-late. [Pedicula'tus; 
from pedic'ulus, a “foot-stalk.”] Hav- 
ing foot-stalks. 
Pe-dic-u-la'tion. [Pedicula'tio, 
o'nis; from pedic'ulus, a “louse.”] A 
state of disease in which lice are con- 
stantly breeding on the skin. See Phthi- 
riasis. 
Pe-dic'u-lus.* [Diminutive of pes, 
a “foot.”] The foot-stalk of a flower 
and of fruits. Also, a genus of parasitic 
animals; the louse (Fr. Pou, poo). 
Pedic'ulus Pu'bis* (“ Louse of 
the Pubes”), or Mor'pl-o.® Vulgarly, 
“crab-louse.” A species of louse found 
chiefly on the pubes, distinguished by 
the cheliform structure of its legs. It 
causes intolerable itching, and frequently 
induces local prurigo. Dusting the part 
with calomel mixed with starch powder, 
and attention to cleanliness, will nearly 
always be found efficacious in cases of 
this kind. 
Pe-dif'er-ous. [Pedif'erus; from 
400 PED 
PEN 
pes, a “foot,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing feet. 
Ped-l-lu' vl-nm.® [Frompe*, a“foot,” 
and la'vo, to “ wash.”] A bath for the 
feet: a foot-bath. 
Ped-I-pal'pus.® [From pes, a “foot,” 
and pal'pus, a “feeler.”] Applied in 
the plural (Pedipal'pi) to a family of 
Arachnides having palpi in the form of 
a claw or arm. 
Pe'dis,* the genitive of Pes, which see. 
Pe-dun'ele. [Pednn'culns; di- 
minutive of pcs, a “foot.”] The foot- 
stalk which supports a flower, or a clus- 
ter of flowers. The foot-stalk of each 
flower of a cluster is called a partial pe- 
duncle, or a pedicel. 
Pe-dun'cu-late. [Pedunenla'tus; 
from pedun'culus, a “foot-stalk.”] Hay- 
ing, or growing on, a peduncle. 
Pe-la'g’i-an. [ Pelagia'nus; from 
7nXayos, the “deep sea.”] Pertaining to 
the sea. 
Pc-lag'ic. [Pclag'icns; from the 
same.] Belonging to the deep sea. 
Pe-la'&l-ons. [Pela'gius.] The 
same as Pelagic, which sec. 
Pel'la-gra.* [Frompel'lis, a “skin,” 
and aypa, a “seizure.”] A disease com- 
mon in certain parts of Italy, beginning 
by a shining red spot on some part of 
the head or body; termed also Elephan- 
tiasis Italica. 
Pel'll-ele. [Pellic'ula; diminutive 
of pel'lis, a “skin.”] A very thin skin; 
a film on the surface of fluids; slender 
membranous productions, etc. 
Pel-lic'n-lar. [Pellicula'ris.] Re- 
lating to a pellicle. 
Pel'lis.® [From nc\\a, a “hide.”] 
The Cutis, or skin. 
Pel'll-to-ry of Spain. The Anthe- 
mis Pyrethrum, which see. 
Pel-lucid. [Pellw'cidus; from per, 
“through,” and lu'ceo, to “shine.”] 
Translucent; pervious.to light, or semi- 
transparent. 
Pel'o-sin, or Pel'o-slne. A color- 
less substance extracted from the root 
of the Cissam'pelosparei'ra. It is a pow- 
erful base, forming salts with several 
acids. 
Pel'ta.® [From TreXrri, a “shield.”] 
A variety of the calyculus, oblong, flat, 
and obtuse, found in the lichens. 
Pcl-ta'lis.® [Yrompel’ta, a “ shield.”] 
Belonging to a shield; also, scutiform. 
Pel'tate. [Pelta'tus; from pel'ta, 
a “shield.”] Shield-shaped. Applied 
to roundish leaves, the petioles of which 
are attached to a point near the centre. 
Pel-tl-fo'll-us.* [From pel'ta, a 
“shield,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing peltate leaves: peltifo'lious. 
Pel'tI>form. [Peltifor'mis; from 
pel'ta, a “shield.”] Formed like a 
shield. 
I’el-to-i'des.® [From pel'ta, a 
“shield,” and ticoq, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a shield: peltoid. 
Pel'vic. [Pervious.] Belonging 
to the pelvis. 
Pel'vl-form. [Pelvifor'mis; from 
pel'via, a “basin.”] Having the form 
of a basin. 
Pel-vim'e-ter. [Pelvim'etrum; 
from pel'vis, a “basin,” and ybrpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument used in ob- 
stetrics for measuring the capacity of 
the pelvis. 
Pel-vi-ot'o-my’. [Pelvioto'mia; 
from pel'vis, a “ basip,” and to 
“cut.”] Section of the bones of "the 
pelvis. See Sigaultian Operation. 
Pel'vis.* (Fr. Bassin, b&s'sau0'.) Lite- 
rally, “a basin.” The osseous cavity 
forming the lowest part of the trunk. 
It is bounded behind by the sacrum and 
coccyx, at the sides and in front by the 
ossa innominata. See Sinus. 
Pem-pliI-fjo»l'de&."* [From pcm'phi- 
gus, and tidoy, a “form.”] Resembling 
pemphigus: pemphigoid. 
Pem'plil-S'us,* or pem-fi'gus. [From 
Ken<l>i%, a “blister.”] (Fr. Fievre Butlevse, 
fe-e\ R'biil'luz'.) An eruption of vesicles 
from the size of a pea to a walnut, gene- 
rally accompanied by fever; vesicular 
fever, or Felris bullosa. A genus of the 
order Exanthemata, class Pyrexia;, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Pemraceav* pe-ne-a'she-e. [From 
Perne'a, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous evergreen shrubs, 
natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 
Pen-dH-II-flo'riis.® [From pen'du- 
lus, “ hanging,” or “ pendulous,” and ft os, 
a “ flower.”] Having piendant flowers. 
Pen-dn-li-fo'li-us.® [From pen'(lu- 
lus, “hanging,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having pendant leaves. 
Pen-i-cil'late. I Penicilla tus; 
from penicil'lus, a “painter’s brush.”] 
Tipped with a brush of hairs like a 
camel’s-hair pencil. 
Pen-i-ei I'll-form. [Penicillifor- 
mis; from penicil'lus, a “painter’s 
brush.”] Resembling a hair-pencil. 
Pen-I-cil' lu m,* Pen-l-ei 1 'In s.® 
[Diminutive of penic'ulum, a “brush.”] 
Applied to the arrangement of minute 
ramifications of the Vena portee, com- 
401 PEN 
posing the small glands or glandiform 
bodies which form the substaitce of the 
liver, because resembling a hair-pencil. 
In Surgery, a tent or pledget of cliarpie, 
or soft sponge, etc. See Pannus. 
Pe'nis,® gen. the same. [Gr. 7rios.] 
The Mem'brum viri'le, or chief organ of 
generation in man, permeated by the 
urethra. It consists of two principal 
portions: the Cor'pns caverno'eum (or 
Cor'pora caverno'sa) and the Cor'pns 
spongin' sum, also called Cor'jms sponr/io'- 
sitm ure'three (“Spongy Body of the Ure- 
thra”), because it surrounds the urethra. 
See Corpora Cavernosa, and Corpus 
Spongiosum. 
Pennatc. See Pinnate. 
Pen-na-tif'er-us.® [From pen'na, a 
“feather,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
ing feathers, or appendages like feathers. 
Applied to certain animals. 
Pen-nat/I-lid. [Pen until' 'idus.] 
See Pinnatifid. 
Pen-nat-I-fo'H-US.'®' [From penna' - 
tus, “pinnate,” and fo’Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having pinnate leaves. 
Pen-nat-I-par-ti'tns.* [From pen- 
na'tus, “pinnate,” and par'tin, parti'turn, 
to “part.”] Pinnately-parted, as feather- 
veined loaves the sinuses of which reach 
almost to the midrib : pennatipartite. 
Pen-nat'i-sect-ed, or Pin-nat'i- 
sect,. [Pennatisec'tus; from penna'- 
tus, “pinnate,” and se'co, sec'turn, to 
“cut.”] Applied to feather-veined leaves 
with sinuses which reach quite to the 
midrib : pinnately-divided. 
Pen-nat-l-stip-n-la’tus.* Applied 
to a plant that has pinnatifid stipules. 
Pen-nif'er-ous. [Pennif'crus; 
from pen'na, a “ feather,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing quills, or feathers; 
covered with feathers. 
Pcn'nI-forni. (Pennifor'mis: from 
pen'na, a “feather.”] Having the form 
of a feather. 
Pen-ni-ner'vis.® [From pen'na, a 
“feather,”and ner'eus, a “nerve.”] Hav- 
ing nerves or veins disposed like a 
feather; pinnately-nerved. 
Pen-ill-ve'nl-us.* [From pen'na, a 
“ feather,” and re'no, a “ vein.”] Feather- 
veined. A term applied to leaves the 
veins of which proceed from a mid- 
rib. See Pixnately-Veined. 
Pen'n n-Ia.® [Diminutive of pen'na, 
a “feather.”] A small feather with a 
short stem : a pen'nulc. 
Pennyroyal. See Mentha Phle- 
gm-m. 
Pen-ta-car'pel-la-ry. [From i:w«, 
“five,” and Kapnof, “fruit.”] Composed 
of five carpels. 
Pen-tn-ehw'ni-nm,* or Pen-ta- 
-eliai'iil-iun.* [From rriun, “five,” arid 
Xnivoi, to “open.”] A simple fruit formed 
by an ovary adherent to the calyx, which 
at maturity separates into five lobes, 
like the fruit of the Araliaccse. 
Pen-ta-clioto-mous. [Penta- 
cliot'omus; from irevTaxh, “in five 
ways or parts,” and riprw, to “cut.”] 
Applied to cymes where each terminal 
flower has under it five bracts, and gives 
origin to as many branches. 
l’cn ta-gon. j Pentago'nnm: from 
ttIvtc, “five,” and yam'a, an “angle.”] A 
plane figure, having five angles and sides. 
A regular pentagon has five equal sides. 
Pon-tayo-ual. [lVnlagoniis.] 
Belonging to a pentagon; five-cor- 
nered. 
Pen-ta-fcjfai'I-a.* [From nivrt, “five,” 
and ywrj, a “woman,” or “female.”] A 
Linnsean order of plants, comprising 
those which have five pistils in each 
flower. 
Pen-ta-gyn'I-oiiH. [Pentagon ins; 
from the same.] Having five pistils. 
Peii-tn£'y-noiis. The same as Pen- 
tagynious, which see. 
Pcn-tam'e-roiis. [From nLvrc, “five,” 
and gepos, a “part.”] Consisting of five 
parts or five organs of each kind. Ap- 
plied to a flower which has five petals, 
five stamens, etc. 
Pen-tan'dri-a.* [From rrevre, “five,” 
and dmjp, a “man,” or “male.”] The fifth 
class in the Linnman system of plants, 
comprising those which have five stamens 
in each flower. 
Pen-tail <1 rons. [Pent un'driu*; 
from the same.] Having five stamens. 
Pen-la-[»et'a-Ious. [Pentapet'a- 
lns; from ttwtc, “ five,” and nsraXov, a 
“petal.”] Applied to a corol composed 
of five petals. 
Pen-ta-phyl-lo-i'deik." [From pen- 
taphyl'lum, the “cinquefoil,” and ueos, a 
“form.”] Resembling the cinquefoil. 
Pen-ta-phyi'lous. [Pentaphyl'- 
lus; from irkert, “five,” and </>vX\or, a 
“leaf.”] Having five leaves; five-leaved. 
Pen-tap'ter-ous. [Pentap' terns; 
from itcvtc, “five,” and nrepov, a “wing.”] 
In Botany, having five expansions in 
form of wings; five-winged. 
Pen-ta-sep 'a-1 ous. [ Pen tasep' a- 
1ns; from rhn, “ five,” and sep'almn, a 
“sepal.”] Applied to a calyx composed 
of five sepals. 
Pen-ta-sper 'nious. [Pentasper'- 
PEN 
402 PEN 
PER 
rims; from :revre, “five,” and oneppa, a 
“ seed.”] Having five seeds. 
Pen-lasti-eltous. [Pentas'ti- 
elms; from nivn, “five,” and artxn, a 
“row.”] Disposed in five rows, or in 
five vertical ranks. Applied to leaves. 
Pcn-ta-sty'lus.* [From nwre, “five,” 
and orvXof, a “pillar.”] Applied to an 
ovary which bears five styles. 
Pe-nnin'bra.* [From pc'ne, “ al- 
most,” and urn'bra, a “ shade.”] A faint 
shadow, or the edge of a perfect shadow; 
that portion of space which in an eclipse 
of the sun is partly, but not entirely, 
deprived of light; situated between the 
perfect shadow, where the light is wholly 
intercepted, and the full light. 
Pe-o-to'mi-a,.* [From nso;, the “pe- 
nis,” and repivio, to “cut.”] Amputation 
of the penis: peot'omy. 
Pe'po.* A pumpkin. Also, a general 
term applied to such fruits as the melon, 
cucumber, and gourd; being a modifica- 
tion of the berry. Likewise, the Pharma- 
copoeial name for the seeds of the Cucur'- 
bita Pe'po. They have been assigned a 
place on the primary list of the Materia 
Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
1860. These seeds have recently acquired 
a high reputation as a remedy against 
the tape-worm. The pulp of the pump- 
kin has also been administered with simi- 
lar eflect. The dose of the seeds is about 
two ounces; deprived of their outer cov- 
ering, they may be beaten into a paste 
with sugar, and taken, fasting, followed 
in an hour or two by a free dose of castor 
oil. 
Pepper. See Piper. 
Pepper, Cayenne, or Pepper, Gni- 
nen. See Capsicum Annuitm. 
Pepper, Jamaica. See Myrtus 
Pimenta. 
Pep'per-mint. The Mentha Pi- 
perita, which see. 
Pep'sin. [Pepsi'na; from vcktw, to 
“digest.”] A supposed substance con- 
cerned in the process of digestion. 
Pep'tic. [Pep'ticus; from the 
same.] Digestive; promoting digestion. 
Per. A Latin particle signifying 
“through,” “by;” also, “thoroughly.” 
It is often intensive, being equivalent to 
“very.” In Chemistry, it forms a prefix 
denoting an oxide containing the largest 
quantity of oxygen that can exist in 
any oxide formed by the same materials ; 
also applied to acids which contain still 
more oxygen than those whose names 
end with -ic, as perchloric acid. 
Per In-for-tilHi-um.:; (“By Mis- 
adventure.”) Applied in medical juris- 
prudence to excusable homicide, or death 
from a lawful act done without intention 
of hurt. 
Per'a-cute. [Peracn'tus; from 
per, intensive, and acn'tus, “ acute.”] 
Extremely severe; very acute. 
Per-eblo'rate. [Perchlo'ras, a'fi*.] 
A combination of perchloric acid and a 
base. Applied to the oxiehlorates. 
Per-ehlo'rat-eel Ether. The name 
of a fluid obtained by directly combining 
chlorine with olefiant gas, or by causing 
certain chlorides to react upon that gas, 
Per-chlo'ri«le of For'myle. The 
same as Chloroform, which see. 
Percolate. See next article. 
Per-eo-la'tion. [Pereola'tio,o'a is; 
from per, “ through,” and co’lo, cola’turn, 
to “ strain.”] Filtration. Also applied 
to animal secretions, the glands being 
compared to strainers or filters. Used 
in Pharmacy in the same sense as Dis- 
placement (which see). See also the 
TT.S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 3, 4, 5, 6. The 
filtered liquid is termed a per’colate. 
Per-eo-Ia'tor. An instrument by 
means of which percolation is performed. 
See U.S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 4 and 5. 
Per-cus'sion. [Percus'sio, o'me; 
from percu'tio, percus'sum, to “strike,” 
to “shock.”] The act of striking any 
part of the body with the fingers, or an 
instrument, to ascertain its condition. 
It is distinguished into — 1. Direct 
Percussion, which consists in striking 
the surface of the chest, etc., with one 
or more fingers, and observing the degree 
and quality of the sounds produced. 2, 
Mediate Percussion, in which case a piece 
of ivory or leather, called a pleximeter, 
or the second phalanx of the forefinger 
of the left hand, is struck by the fingers 
of the right hand. See Exploration. 
Pe-ren'nI-al. [Peren'nis; from 
per, “through,” and an'nos, “years.”] 
Lasting through more than two years; 
also, perpetual; permanent. 
I’o-ronn l-bran 'ehl-ate. [Peren- 
nibraiicliia'tus; from peren'nis, “pe- 
rennial,” and bran'chise, “gills.”] Hav- 
ing branchise persistent during life. 
Per'feet Flow'er. A term applied 
to flowers which have both stamens and 
pistils. 
Per'feet Jfnm'ber. A number which 
is equal to the sum of all its divisors, as 
6, 28, etc. Thus, the divisors of 6 are 
1,2, and 3, which added together make 6. 
Per-fo'II-ate. [Perfolia'tns; from 
per, “through,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
403 Leaves are called perfoliate when the 
stem appears to pass through them. 
These in some cases originate in the 
union of the bases of a pair of opposite 
sessile leaves. 
Per'fo-rans.® [From per, “through,” 
and fo'ro, fora'turn, to “ bore.”] A desig- 
nation of the flex'or digito'rum profun'- 
dus muscle, from its perforating the ten- 
don of the flexor sublimis. 
Per'fo-rat-ing. [From the same.] 
Piercing; passing through. 
Per-fo-rsVtion. [Perfora'tio,o'm*; 
from the same.] The application of the 
trepan or trephine. 
Per'fo-ra-tor. [Perforato'rium; 
from the same.] An instrument for 
boring into the cranium. 
Per-fo-ra'tus.® [From the same.] 
Perforated, or pierced through. A term 
applied to the coraco-brachialis muscle, 
from its being perforated by the exter- 
nal cutaneous nerve; also to the flexor 
di</itorum communis sublimis, from its ten- 
don being perforated by the tendon of 
the flexor profundus. 
Per-frI-ca'tion. [Perfrica'tio, 
o'nis; from per, “through,” and fri'eo, 
fric'tum or frica'turn, to “rub.”] Inunc- 
tion, or rubbing in through the pores of 
the skin any unctuous or oily substance. 
Pcr-ga-ine’iic-ous, or Pcr-ga-men- 
ta'ceoHs. [Perga me'no us, or Per- 
Saunenta'ceus; from peri/nmen'ta, 
“parchment.”] Like parchment. 
Peri (nepi). A Greek preposition usu- 
ally signifying “ around,” or “ about,” 
“near;” it is sometimes intensive, being 
equivalent to “very.” 
Per'I-antli. [Perian'tliium; from 
nepi, “about,” and fii/dog, a “flower.”] 
The calyx and corolla taken together, or 
the whole floral envelope, whatever it 
may consist of, is sometimes called the 
perianth. Also termed Perigonium. 
Per-I-an'tlie-us.® Provided with a 
perianth: perian'theous. 
Pfiricarde. See Pericardium. 
Per-I-ear'di-ac, or P£r-I-car-di'a- 
cal. [Perieardi'acus.] Belonging 
to the pericardium. 
Per-I-car-dit'lc. [Pericardit'i- 
cns.] Belonging to pericarditis. 
Per-I-car-di'tis, idis* [From peri- 
car' dium.] Inflammation of the pericar- 
dium. 
P6r-i-car'd»-um.® [From nepi, 
“about,” and napSia, the “heart.”] (Fr. 
Pericarde, pArAkaRd'.) The membra- 
nous bag which contains the heart. 
Pf‘r i-car|). [Pericar'piuni; from 
PER 
nepi, “about,” and Kapnds, “fruit.”] A 
seed- vessel: a ripened ovary. The peri- 
carp and the contained seeds together 
constitute the fruit in the botanical 
sense of the term. It consists of an 
epicarp, endocarp, and mesocarp, which 
last in fleshy fruits is called sarco- 
carp. 
P£r-I-car'pic, or I’fI'-i-far pi-iil. 
[Pericarpia’lis.] Belonging to a peri- 
carp. 
H’('r-i-«'lia‘<!-iiin.-: [From nepi, 
“about,” and Xairn, a “hair.”] A scaly 
sheath investing the fertile flower and 
base of the foot-stalk of some mosses. 
Per-I-i'lion-dri-o-dy [From 
perichon'drium, and odvvri, “pain.”] Pain 
of the perichondrium. 
P6r-I--chon-drit'I-cus.* Belonging 
to perichondritis. 
P£r-I-«lion-«lri'tis, idie.* [From 
perichon'drium.'] Inflammation of the 
perichondrium. 
Pdr-I-clum'drI-um.* [From nepi, 
“about,” and x6v&pos, a “cartilage.”] A 
membrane forming the immediate cover- 
ing of cartilages. 
Pfir-I-clin 'I-um.* [From nepi, “a- 
round,” and k\ivu, a “bed.”] The invo- 
lucre of the Composite; the collection 
of bracts which surround an assemblage 
of syngencsious flowers. 
Per-I-co-rolTe-us.* [From nepi, 
“around,” and coral’In.] Applied in 
the plural feminine (Pericorol'leee) to a 
Jussieuan division of the Monopetalese, 
including dicotyledonous plants with 
perigynous corols. 
P£r-i-era'iil-um.* [From nepi, “a- 
round,” and Kpaviov, the “cranium.”] 
The membrane immediately covering the 
bones of the cranium. 
Per-i-des-mi'tis, idis.® [From peri- 
des'mium.] Inflammation of the peri- 
desminm. 
P6r-I-des'mI-um.# [From nepi, 
“around,” and ieapiov, a “band.”] The 
membrane which covers the ligaments. 
Per-i-did'y-mis.® [From nepi, “a- 
bout,” and SiSvpo;, a “testicle.”] The 
serous coat which covers the testes. 
Pe-rid’I-um.* [Diminutive of nijpa, 
a “leathern pouch.”] The l-ound, mem- 
branous, dry case of the seeds of some 
angiospermatous mushrooms. The en- 
velope of fruit. 
PAr'I-gee. [Porigic'um; from nepi, 
“ about,” or “ near,” and yrj, the “ earth.”] 
That point of the moon’s orbit which 
is nearest to the earth. 
I’tr-i-glol’lis. ic/is.* [From nepi. 
PER 
404 PER 
PER 
“about,” and yXwrra, the “tongue.”] The 
villous membrane covering the tongue. 
Per-i-go'ni-um,® or Peri-gone. 
[From zt.pl, “around,” and yorii, a “ seed,” 
or “fruit.”] The same as Perianth, 
which see. 
£'» [From ztpl, “a- 
rouud,” and yvrii, a “woman,” or “ fe- 
The urceolate body formed in 
the genus Carex by two bracts, which 
become confluent at their edges and en- 
close the pistil. 
Fe-rijg'y-nous. [Perij’ymis; from 
the same.] Applied to stamens when 
situated around the ovary; adnate to 
the base of the ovary, or to the calyx. 
Pfir-i-he'Ii-on.* [Fromztpl, “about,” 
or “near,” and IjXios, the “sun.”] That 
j>oint in the orbit of a planet or comet 
which is nearest to the sun. 
P£r'i-lympt>. [From ztpl, “ around,” 
and lyin'pha, “ water,” or “ watery fluid 
so named because poured around in the 
canals of the ear.] See Cotunnius, 
Water or. 
Pe-rim'e-ter. [Perim’ctron, or Pe- 
rim'etrum; from ztpl, “ around,” and 
pirpon, a “ measure.”] The line which 
bounds any plane figure. When applied 
to a circular ellipse, it is equivalent to 
the circumference. 
P£r-I-me'tri-a.® [From ztpl, “a- 
round,” and ptrptm, to “measure.”] The 
measuring of the circumference or of all 
the sides of any plane figure: perim'- 
etry. 
Pcr-i-mys'l-iim.® [From ztpl, “a- 
round,” and p»s, a “muscle.”] The deli- 
cate membrane immediately covering 
the muscles. Also termed vagi'na mus- 
culo'ris, or “muscular sheath.” 
[From zzpivaio'j, 
the “perimeum,” and a “tumor.”] 
II or rupture, in the perineum. 
Per-I-nae'um,® or P&r-i-ne'tun. 
[Etymology uncertain.] (Fr. Perinee, 
The space between the anus 
and the genital organs. Applied by some 
writers to the entire space between the 
Os coccygis and the arch of the pubis. 
I’er-I-na' iis.® The same as Peri- 
neal, which see. 
F£r-l-ne'»l, or Per-I-nse'al. [Peri- 
mea'lis.] Belonging to the perineum. 
P<irin6e. See Perinjeum. 
Per-i-ne-pliri'tis.® [From ztpl, 
“ around,” and vz<pp6s, a “ kidney.”] (Fr. 
Phlegmon ]>erineyhretique, fleg'm6NG,pA- 
Inflammation of the peri- 
toneal covering of the kidney. 
Per-I-ne'phrl-niii,® or Pbr-i- 
ne'plirus.® [From ztpl, “around,” and 
ve<ppos, the “kidney.”] The membrane 
immediately enveloping the kidney. 
Perineum. See Perineum. 
Per-I-neu'ri-OJi,® or Pei’-i-iieii’ri- 
uin.® [From ztpl, “around,” and vevpov, 
a “ nerve.”] The theca or membranous 
covering of a nerve ; the neurilemma. 
Pes'iiievre. pAiAnevu'. [From ztpl, 
“around,” and venpov, a “nerve.”] A 
French term for Neurilemma, which see. 
Pe'rl-otl. [Peri’odus $ from ztpl, 
“around,” and bid;, a “way,” or “jour- 
ney.”] Literally, a “journeying round,” 
a “circuit.” The time in which one of 
the heavenly bodies describes its orbit; 
hence, a stated time. The space of time 
duriug which a disease prevails from its 
access to its declension. 
Pe-rl-oU's-cal. [Period'icus; from 
peri'odus, a “period.”] Coming round 
or returning at certain, or stated, times. 
[Perio<li$'itas; 
from period'icus, “periodical.”] The 
tendency of certain phenomena to recur 
at stated times, as, for example, the pa- 
roxysms of an intermittent, the cutit- 
menia, the budding of plants, etc. 
Pe-rs-o-don-ti'Sis, id is.* [From 
ztpl, “about,” and oioiif, a “tooth.”] In- 
flammation of the lining membrane of 
the socket of a tooth. 
Pe-ri-o<l 'o-scope. [Periodos 'co- 
pus; from ztploSoi, a “period,” and 
okozzu, to “observe.”] An instrument 
for determining the date of menstruation, 
labor, etc., and for other calculations. 
Pe-ri'o-dus Lu-na ris.® (“ Lunar 
Period.”) The catamenial or menstrual 
period. 
Per-a-or[From ztpl, “ around,” 
and or'bita, the “orbit.”] The lining 
membrane of the orbit or socket of the 
eye ; the periosteum of the orbit. 
See Periosteum. 
Per-i-os-te-i'tis.® The same as 
Periostitis, which see. 
Per-I-os'te-um.® [From ztpl, “ a- 
round,” and dartou, a “bone.”] (Fr. 
Perioste, pAr&'ost'.) The thin, delicate 
membrane forming the immediate cov- 
ering of the bones. 
Per-I-os-ti'tis, ir/ts.® [From peri- 
os'team.~\ Inflammation of the perios- 
teum. 
Per-I-os-lo'ma, a 't/s.* [From zepi, 
“around,” and oslo'ma, an “ osseous 
tumor.”] A morbid osseous formation 
surrounding a bone: a periostome. 
Per-i-ovto sis.® The progress or 
formation of periostoma. 
405 PER 
PER 
I’er-i-jH'i a-lous. [Pm'pct'aliis; 
from Ttspi, “around,” and riraXor, a 
“petal."] Surrounding the petals. 
Mis.® [From per- 
iph'acus.] Inflammation of the capsule 
of the eye; circumfused inflammation 
of the lens. 
jPe-rijih/a-cms.*' [From vcpi, “a- 
round,” and <Ja*<%, a “ lentil,” and hence 
a “lens.”] The capsule of the lens of 
the eye. 
I»l—r-i pli'e-ral. [From periphe'ria, 
the “periphery.-”] Belonging to the 
periphery of any roundish substance. 
Applied by Dr. Barclay as meaning 
“ towards the circumference.” 
Pcr-i-plifr ic. or Por-I-pEier'I-cal. 
[ Periplier'icns.] Relating to the 
periphery, or situated around the periph- 
ery of an organ. 
Periiflicr'ic iMi'ptil-ises. A term 
applied by Naumann to the influence 
which is transmitted from the nerves of 
any particular part of the body to the 
centres of the nervous system (i.e. the 
brain and the spinal cord). 
Pe-ripli'e-ry. [PeriisEte'rla ; from 
iTcpi, “ about,” and Qcpop to “ carry.”] 
The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or 
other similar figure. 
jpgr**-pliyl'Ium.® [From mpi, “a- 
round,” and (piWor, a “leaf.”] Applied 
in the plural {periphyl'la) to the scales 
around the ovary of the Graminacex. 
i’or - ij>. neii - mo 'mi -a ]V«'t tia.® 
(“Spurious or Bastard Peripneumony.”) 
A name applied to a variety of acute 
bronchitis. 
I’iir-Ip-neu-mon'ic. [Peripiieu- 
iMom'iciis.] Belonging to peripneu- 
mony. 
See Pneumonia. 
Pcr-ip-ncu'mo-ny. [Peripneii- 
mo'nia; from mpi, “around,” or “near,” 
and -i'dyciv, the “organs of breathing;” 
hence, perhaps, the principal air-pas- 
sages.] Inflammation of the substance 
of the lungs, being that part which sur- 
rounds the air-passages. See Pneu- 
monia. 
Per'l-sperin. [I*ersjq»er'miium, 
or Perisjicr'iiuiiii; from irepi, “ a- 
round,” or “ near,” and erreippet, a “seed.”] 
The albumen of the seed of plants. 
Pfr-usper'mate. [Perispcr'ma- 
tus, or Perisper'miens. Provided 
with a perisperm: perisper'mie. 
[From irrpf, 
“ around,” or “ near,” and err axis, a 
“spike,” or “ear.”] Applied to> the 
glume of the Graminacex. 
1%-i-staI'tic. [Pertetal'tiens; 
from jrrpiorrXVj, to “ contract.”] Applied 
to the peculiar movement of the intes- 
tines, like that of a worm in its progress 
(hence also named vermicular motion), by 
which they gradually propel their con- 
tents; applied by M. Hall to all the 
movements of the heart, stomach, intes- 
tines, uterus, etc., which movements are 
not directly dependent on the rpinal mar- 
row. 
BN'r-i-stH-min'e-us.* [From mpi7 
“ around,” and sta'men.] Applied in 
the plural feminine { peri stainin’ ex), in 
the Jussieu an system, to dicotyledonous, 
apctalous plants, in which the stamens 
are perigynous. 
tV-ru-sta-miiil-us.® The same as 
Peristamineus. 
[From mpir 
“ around,” and ora<pv\the “ uvula.”] 
Belonging to, or connected with, the 
uvula: peristaphyline. A term applied 
to two muscles of the palate, the exter- 
nus, or a ire u mflex us palati, and the inter- 
ims-, or levator palati mollis. 
S'er-l-stapii'y-lo Phar-Jn-ge'iis 
[from ipZpvyl, the “ pharynx”]. The first, 
or upper, portion of the palato-phari/n- 
ffeus muscle; the second, or middle, por- 
tion is termed pJiaryngostaphylinus / the 
third, or lower, portion, thyro-sfapkylinus. 
I’er-i-stern'o-uisJ [From sspi, “ a- 
round,” and aTripiM, a “ stamen.”} The 
same as Peristamineus, which sec. 
I'e-ris to-ma. a/tils.® [From sepi, 
“around,” and arupa, a “mouth.”] The 
margin or circumference of a mouth, or 
of a mouth-like opening r a peristome. 
Per'i-stome. [Poristo'maiimi; 
from the same.] The fringe of rigid 
processes around the mouth of the spore- 
case or theca of certain mosses. 
Per-I-stom 'Ic. [E'cristoin'icas.] 
Belonging to a peristome. 
Per'I-style. [Peristy'Ius; from 
rapt, “around,” and <rr«Xa;, a “pillar.”] 
A range of columns around an edifice. 
Also, a series of stamens inserted around 
the ovary. 
Pir-hsys'toJe.* [From mpir 
“around,” or “near,” and s-acmiXj, “con- 
traction.”] The instant of time between 
the contraction and dilatation of the- 
heart, perceptible, it is said, only in the 
dying. 
Pfeitolne. See Peritonaeum. 
Pe-rif'o-mous. [From irepi, “a- 
round,” and repinn, to “ cut.”} Applied 
in Mineralogy to- cleavage parallel to the 
axis and in more than cne direction. 
406 PER 
Per-i-to-nse'nm,* or Per-I-to-ne'- 
Mm. [From irtpndvw, to “stretch 
around,” or “stretch all over.”] (Fr. 
Peritoine, pArAtw&x'.) A strong serous 
membrane investing the entire parietes 
and viscera of the abdomen. 
P6r-I-to»ni'tis, id is* [From peri- 
tonse'um.] Inflammation of the perito- 
nanun lining tho parietes of the abdo- 
men; when it attacks that investing 
any of the viscera, the disease usually 
takes the name of tho viscus, as enteritis, 
gastritis, hepatitis, nephritis, etc. 
P&r-I-tre'ma, aft's.* [From nepi, 
‘'around,” and rpiipa, a “hole.”] The 
per'itreme. In Entomology, a small piece 
of hornlike substance surrounding the 
stigmatic opening along the anterior bor- 
der of the episternum, or sternum, of the 
Hexap'oda. 
Pe-rit'ro-pal, or Per-i tro-pous. 
[From nepi, “around,” and rperw, to 
“ turn.”] Horizontal to the axis of the 
fruit. Applied to an embryo of a plant. 
Per-i-zo'nia.® [From nepi, “ around,” 
and fcvwpt, to “gird.”] Literally, a 
“girdle,” a “truss.” A name for the 
diaphragm. 
Per'ltin-ism. A mode of treatment 
first employed by Dr. Perkins, of Nor- 
wich, Connecticut. It consists in apply- 
ing to the diseased part, the extremities 
of two metallic rods, made of different 
metals, and called Metallic Tractors. 
The success obtained was probably 
through the influence of the imagination. 
Per'late. [Perla'tns; from the Ita- 
lian and Spanish per’la, a “pearl.”] 
“ Pearled.” Applied to leaves raised 
from small, round, firm eminences; also 
to the expansions of lichens provided 
with round tubercles, compared to an 
embroidery of small pearls; and some- 
times to plants of wbieli the white flowers 
arc disposed in small oblong bunches. 
Pcrle, pcnl. The French name for 
Pearl, which see. 
Permanent. See Persistent. 
Per-man-gan'ic A?'id. A name 
proposed for the compound previously 
called manganesic acid. 
Per-me-a-Ml'I-ty. [Permcabil'i- 
tas, a'lis; from per, “through,” and 
me'o, to “pass.”] That property of 
certain bodies which permits others to 
pass through their pores. 
Per'mc-a-ble. [Permeab'ilis; from 
the same.] Per'vious; that may be per- 
meated ; that possesses permeability. 
Per-mfs'tion. [Permis'tio, o'iiis, 
or Permix'tio, o'nis; from per, 
“through,” or “thorough,” and mis'ceo, 
min'turn or mix'turn, to “mix.”] A com- 
plete mingling or mixture. 
Per'mu-tate. [Permuta'tus; from 
permu'to, pennuta'tum, to “change,” or 
“interchange.”] Applied to flowers in 
which the abortion of the sexual organs 
causes a remarkable change in the floral 
teguments, as in many double flowers. 
Per-nicj ions [from perni<;'ies, “de- 
struction”] Fe'ver. A name applied 
by Dr. Wood to a form of congestive in- 
termittent, on account of its great fatality. 
Per'nl-o, «')(/«.* [From nrepva, tho 
“heel.”] A kibe or chilblain. 
Per'nio Sim plex.® (“ Simple 
Chilblain.”) Chilblain in which tho 
cuticle is unbroken. 
Pfr-o-iue' us,® or Per-o-nc'us.* 
[From irepdvri, the “fibula.”] Perone'al. 
Belonging to or connected with tho 
fibula. 
Peronse'us (or Perone'ns) Iire'- 
vis.* (“Short Peronaeal [Muscle].”) A 
muscle of the leg, situate below tho 
peroneeus lontjus. It is attached above to 
the outer surface of the fibula. 
Peronae'us Lon'g-us.* (“ Long Per- 
oneal [Muscle].”) A muscle placed at 
the outer part of the leg, and under the 
sole of the foot. 
Peromr iis Ter'tins.® (“ Third 
Peronmal [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
from the lower third of the fibula, and 
inserted into the outer metatarsal bene. 
fp&r'o-nc.* [Or. itepdvri.] The fibula, 
or external bone of the leg. 
Pfronc, pAro'nA. The French term 
for Fibula, which see. 
PiiiMi-iic'al. Belonging to the fibula. 
See Peroneeus. 
Peronens. See Pei: ox a: us. 
Per. op. emet. = Ferae'td operatin'- 
ne emet'ici.* “When the operation of 
the emetic is finished.” 
Per-ox i-<Sat-e<i. [Pcroxyda'tus.] 
Applied to a metal, or other simple body, 
in the state of a peroxide. 
Pcr-ox ilie. [Perox'ydum; from 
per, “intensive,” and ox'ydum, an 
“oxide.”] The compound which results 
from the combination of a simple body 
with the maximum of oxygen. 
P€rry. [Vi'iiiun Pyra'ceum.] 
[From the French Poire, a “pear.”] A 
vinous liquor made from pears, in the 
same way as cider is made from apples. 
Per'sl-ea.® [From Per'sin, its native 
country.] The peach-tree, or the Amycj'- 
dalus Per'sicn. 
Per-sis'tent. [Persis'tcns; from 
PER 
407 PER 
PES 
persis'to, to “continue,” to “persevere.”] 
Constant; permanent; remaining, as 
the leaves of evergreens through the 
winter, and the calyx of many plants 
until the fruit is formed. 
Per'so-nate. [Persona'tus; from 
perso'na, a “ character in a drama,” a 
“mask.”] Masked; disguised. Ap- 
plied to certain flowers. 
Per-spe-cil'luin.* [From per, 
“ through,” and spe'cio, to “ behold.”] 
An eye-glass; in the plural {perspecil'la) 
spectacles. 
Per-spl-ra'tion. [Perspira'tio, 
o'nis; from perspi'ro, perspira'turn, to 
“ breathe through.”] The fluid secreted 
by the extremities of the cutaneous arte- 
ries on the surface of the body; sweat. 
See Diaphoresis, Hidrosis, Sudation, 
and Sudor. 
Perspiration, Bimini shed. See 
Adiaphoresis, Adiapneustia, and An- 
IDROSIS. 
Perspira' tion, In-sen'si-ble. The 
same as Transpiration, which see. 
Perspiration, Morbid. See Ephi- 
DROSIS. 
Perspiration, Obstructed. See 
Adiaphoresis, and Anidrosis. 
Perturba'tio (per-tur-ba'she-o) 
Crit'I-ca.® A critical disturbance or 
excitement of the organism, forming the 
crisis of a disease. 
Per-tur-ba'tion. [Perturba'tio, 
o'nis; from per, “ very,” or “greatly,” 
and tur’bo, turba’tum, to “disturb.”] In 
Pathology, excessive restlessness or dis- 
quiet. Applied in Astronomy to the de- 
viation of a celestial body from the ellip- 
tic orbit which it would describe if acted 
upon by no other attractive force than 
that of the sun or central body around 
which it revolves.—(Brande.) 
Per-tuse'. [Pertu'sus; from per- 
tun’do, pertn'sum, to “pierce.”] Pierced 
with large holes distributed irregularly. 
Applied to certain parts of plants. 
Per-tus'sis.* [From per, intensive, 
and tus'sis, a “cough.”] (Fr. Toux con- 
vulsive, too kfiNVul'sev', and Coqueluche, 
kMiTush'.) Hooping-cough. A con- 
tagious disease characterized by a con- 
vulsive strangulating cough, with hoop- 
ing, returning by fits which are usually 
terminated by vomiting. A genus of the 
order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
P£r-u-if'er-us.® [From Peruvia'mis, 
“Peruvian,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Lit- 
erally, “ bearing what is Peruvian as, 
Mijrospermn:n Peruiferam, the “ Mijro- 
spermum which produces the Peruvian 
[Balsam].” 
I’fru-lale. [Perula'tus.] Hav- 
ing bud-scales (perulte). 
Pfir'ulc. [Per'ula; diminutive of 
pe'ra, a “shepherd’s pouch.”] In Botany, 
a kind of sac formed by the prolonged, 
adherent bases of two lobes of the peri- 
gone of certain Orchideie; also, the en- 
velope of buds of trees of cold climates; 
a bud-scale. 
Peruvian Balsam. See Balsam 
of Peru. 
Peruvian Bark. See Cinchona. 
Pe-ru-vl-a'nus.* Belonging to Peru: 
Peru'vian. 
Per-vl-gil'i-uni.* [From ■per, in- 
tensive, and virj'ilo, to “ watch.”] Dis- 
inclination to sleep; watching; vigi- 
lance. 
PeS,* gen. Pe'dis. [From irov;, a 
“foot.”] (Fr. Pied, pc-i'.) The foot; 
the base on which the body rests when 
standing. It consists of the tarsus, me- 
tatarsus, and toes; with their blood-ves- 
sels, nerves, tendons, sheaths, and integu- 
ments. 
Pes* An-se-ri'nus.* (“ Goose-Foot.”) 
The distribution of the facial nerve, so 
called from a fancied resemblance; the 
parotidean plexus. 
Pes* Equinus. See Talipes Equi- 
NUS. 
Pes Ilip-po-cnm'pi.® (“Foot of 
the Hippocampus.”) Properly, the ante- 
rior part of the hippocampus, but often 
used as synonymous with hippocampus. 
Pes'sa-ry. [Pessa'riuin; from 
ffOTtrof, an “oval-shaped stone.”] (Fr. 
Pcssaire, pes'sen'.) An instrument in 
the form of a ring, or ball, for intro- 
duction into the vagina, to prevent or 
remedy the prolapse of the uterus. 
Peste. See Pestis. 
Pes-tif 'er-ouss. [Pes’t si or; from 
pes'tis, a “plague,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear,” or “produce.”] Producing or 
causing pestilence. 
Pes'li-letice. [Pestilen'tia, and 
Pes'tis.] A contagious or infectious 
disease which is epidemic, or endemic, 
and fatal; a plague. 
Pes-tl-len’toal, or Pes'tl-lent. 
[Pestilentsalis.] Pertaining to pesti- 
lence ; producing the plague, or pesti- 
lence. 
Pes'tis.® (Fr. Pcste, pest.) The 
plague, a disease characterized by ty- 
phus fever, great prostration of strength, 
buboes, carbuncles, petechia', haemor- 
rhage, and sometimes by diarrhoea A 
408 PES 
PET 
genus of the order Exanthemata, class 
Pi/rexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Pes tle. [Pistil'lum.] An instru- 
ment to pound with in a mortar. 
Pel al. [Lat. Pet'alum; Gr. ttctoXov, 
an “expanded leaf.”] A flower-leaf; a 
leaf of a corolla. 
Pet-a-lan 'thus.* [From viraXov, a 
“ petal,” and a “ flower.”] Having 
flowers with petals. 
Pe-tal'I-form. [ Petalifor'mis; 
from niraXor, a “ petal.”] Shaped like a 
petal; petaloid. 
Pet-a-So'des.® [From mraXov, a “pet- 
al,” and eldog, a “form.”] Resembling 
petals; also, having petals, or the appear- 
ance of petals. 
Pet-a-Io'de-us.® The same as Pet- 
ALODes, which see. 
Pet'a-loid. [Petaloi'des; from 
irtraXov, a “petal,” and cldos, a “form.”] 
Resembling a petal. 
Pet'a-Ious. Having petals. 
Pe-te'«IiI-a,® plural Pe-te'ehi-se. 
[From pete’chio, a “flea-bite.”] A small 
red or purplish spot, like a flea-bite. 
Pete'cUise si ne Fe'bre.* (“ Pete- 
chise without Fever.”) A term ap- 
plied to purpura simplex, or petechial 
scurvy. 
Pe-te'ehl-al, or pe-tek'e-al. [Pe- 
teehia'Iis.] Belonging to petechiie. 
Pe-tl-o-la'ceous. [Petiola'ceus; 
from peti'olus, a “petiole.”] Applied to' 
buds when the bases of the petioles, di- 
lated into shells, form the investiture of 
the young shoot. 
Pet'I-o-Iar. [Petiola'ris.] Belong- 
ing to a petiole, or borne on a petiole. 
Pet'i-o-iate. [Petiola'tns.] Pro- 
vided with a petiole. 
Pet-i-o-la'tion. [Petlola'tio, o'nw.] 
The state of leaves provided with a 
petiole. 
Pet'I-ole. [Peti'olus; diminutive 
of pes, a “foot.”] The foot-stalk of a 
leaf; a leaf-stalk. 
Pet-i-ol'u-late. [Petiolnla'tns.] 
Applied to a foliole borne upon a petio- 
lule. 
Pet'I-o-lule. [Petiol'iilus: diminu- 
tive of peti'olus, a “petiole.”] The par- 
ticular petiole of each foliole in a com- 
pound leaf. 
Petit Argent, peh-t£' taR'zhoN°'. A 
French term for Platinum, which see. 
Petit (peh-t6'), C'a-nftl' of. A small 
triangular canal, between the layers of 
the hyaloid membrane that enclose the 
crystalline lens : discovered by Petit. 
Petite V6role, vArol'. A 
French name for “small-pox.” See 
Variola. 
Petit Mai. peh-t<y m&l. A French 
term for the slighter form of epilepsy. 
Petiveriaceae,* pet-e-ve-re-a'she-e. 
[From Peiice'ria, one of the genera.] A 
small natural order of exogenous West 
Indian or tropical plants (herbs or under- 
shrubs). 
I'e-tral o-gy. [Petralo'gia; from 
irirpa, a “rock,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
The science which treats of the nature of 
rocks. 
Petrelaeum. See Petroleum. 
Pet-rl-fac'tion. [From pe'tra, a 
“rock,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] The 
act of petrifying, or converting into 
stone. Also applied to a body changed 
into stone. The term petrifaction is ap- 
plied by Virchow to the change which 
takes place when any soft part of the 
body assumes the form or appearance of 
bone by absorbing calcareous matter. In 
this sense, it is synonymous with calcifi- 
cation, and must not be confounded with 
ossification, which denotes the formation 
of actual bone. 
Petrification. See Petrifaction. 
Pet-ro-graplii-eal. [Petrograpli'- 
icus.] Belonging to petrography. 
Pe-trog'ra-pliy. [Petrogra'pliia; 
from TTSTpa, a “rock,” and ypiupco, to 
“write.”] A description of rocks; or 
the art of writing on stone. 
Pe-tro'le-um.* [From pe'tra, a 
“rock,” and o'leum, “oil.”] “Bock oil.” 
A bituminous liquid substance that flows 
between rocks, or issues from the earth. 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. and 
Ed. Ph.) for the Petroleum Barba dense. 
Petro'lenm A 
kind of tar found in some parts of Eng- 
land and Scotland; mineral tar; termed 
also Bitumen Barbadense. 
Pet'ro-lin, or Pet'ro-llne. [Pet- 
roli'na.] A substance obtained by dis- 
tillation from petroleum. 
Pet-ro-mas'toid. [From vbpa, a 
“rock,” and mastoi'des.] Applied by 
Owen to the homologues of the mastoid 
process in certain mammalia. 
Pe-tropii'I-lus.* [From ircrpa, a 
“rock,” and ipiXiw, to “love.”] Literally, 
“loving rocks.” Growing in rocky or 
stony places: petroph'ilous. 
Pe-tro'sal. [Petro'sus; from ncrpa, 
a “rock.”] Belonging to the petrous 
portion of the temporal bone. 
Petro'sal Si'ntis. Applied to each 
of two sinuses of the dura mater, the 
superior and inferior, leading from the 
409 PET 
PHA 
cavernous sinus backwards to the lateral 
sinus: so named because they are adjacent 
to the petrous bone. 
Pei-ro-se-li'nuin.* [From rirpa, a 
“rock,” and aiXivor, “parsley:” named 
because it grows among stony places.] 
Parsley. A Linnaean genus of the class 
Pentandria, natural order Apia car. Also, 
the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the root of Petroseli'num sati'vum. See 
Apium Petroselinum. 
Petroseli'mun Sa-ti'vum.® The 
systematic name of the common parsley- 
plant. Also called Apium Petroseli- 
num. 
Petroselinum Vul-ga're.® An- 
other name for Petroselinum Sativum, 
which see. 
Pe'trous. [Petro'sus; from nirpa, 
a “rock.”] Belonging to, or resembling, 
a rock or stone. See Petrosal. 
Pew'ter. [Old French, Peautre, po't’r; 
modern French, Etain, AtaNH'.] An alloy 
of tin and lead, to which antimony and 
copper in small proportions are some- 
times added. 
Pey'cr’s (Blands [Peye'ri Cilan'- 
dul:e], or Pcy'cr's Patches. The 
glandulse aggregates, or assemblages of 
minute glands on the internal surface of 
the intestines, first noticed by Peyer. 
According to Virchow, “a Peyer’s Patch 
is nothing more than a lymphatic gland 
spread out as it were upon the sur- 
face.” 
i t is. 1 dis.* [From 0avoy, the 
“lentil;” also, the “lens of the eye.”] 
Inflammation of the crystalline lens. 
Phac-o-cys'ta,* or Phac-o-cys'te.* 
[From ipaxds, a “ lentil,” and Kvarp or tcvtr- 
rif, a “bag.”] The capsule of the crys- 
talline lens. 
Pliac-o-vys-tec'to-me.* [From pha- 
coeys'ta, and Ikrogi), a “cutting out.”] 
ltognetta’s operation for cataract by cut- 
ting out a part of the capsule. 
Phac-o-cys-tec'to-mus.® The in- 
strument used in the operation of pha- 
cocysteetomy: a phacocystectome. 
Pliac-o-cys-ti'tis, 1 dis.* [From 
phacocys'ta.~\ Inflammation of the cap- 
sule of the crystalline lens. 
Pha-co-i'deS.* [From paKdg, a “len- 
til,” and £?<5os, a “form.”] Resembling 
a lentil in form. 
Pliaooijialacia,* fak-o-ma-la'she-a. 
[From <iaK6s, a “lentil,” or “lens,” and 
paXaxta, “softness.”] Softening of the 
crystalline lens. 
PIiac-o-]>la«i'ma, at/s.* [From <4a- 
*■(%, a “lentil,” and nXdopa, “any thing 
moulded.”] A cataplasm, or poultice, 
of lentils; also applied to a poultice of 
linseed meal. 
Phaen-o-car'pus.* [From tpahopat, 
to “appear,” and Kapvrdf, “fruit.”] Hav- 
ing fruits very apparent. 
Phse-nogr'a-moiis. [ Plisenoga'- 
■niiis; from (pat cm, to “appear,” and 
yagas, “marriage.”] Having stamens 
and pistils distinctly developed; having 
manifest flowers. See Phanerogamus. 
PIiiuiioiih-iioii. See Phenomenon. 
iMia--iioiii<‘-iio-s<-o|>i-a.s [From 
phsenom'enon, and oKcnrhn, to “examine.”] 
The observation and examination of 
(morbid) phenomena. 
Phag-e-dse'na.* [From <pdyw, to 
“eat,” or “eat away.”] A malignant 
ulcer which spreads very rapidly. 
Phagedae'na 
Hospital gangrene. 
Pha£-e-den 'ic. [Phagedsen'icus.] 
Belonging to phagedwna. 
Pha-lan 'ga-gra,s IMm-Ian-gar- 
lliri’tis. l<Z/s.® [From pha'lanx, dypa, 
a “seizure,” and arthri'tis, “gout.”] 
Gout of the finger or toe. 
Pha-lan'ges,* the plural of Phalanx, 
which see. 
Pha-lan gic. [Plialan'gicus.] Be- 
longing to the phalanges. 
Phal'anx* or fa'lanks, plural Plia- 
lan'jges. [Gr. <p\\ayl, a “battalion.”] 
Applied in the plural to the small bones 
of the fingers and toes. In Botany, it 
signifies bundles of adelphous or clus- 
tered stamens. 
Plial-lal'igi-a.® [From <pd\\6s, the 
“membrum virile,” or “penis,” and aXyoj, 
“pain.”] Pain in the membrum virile. 
Plial-Ia-nofi-rys'iuH. at/s.® [From 
(j>a\\os, the “membrum virile,” or “penis,” 
and drevpwga, a “ widening,” also “aneur- 
ism.”] Aneurism of the penis. 
Plial-lo-blen-nor-rlue'a.* [From 
c/>aX\6i, the “penis,” and blennorrhae'a,] 
Chronic blennorrhoea, or gleet. 
at/s.® [From 
(pa\\6g, the “ penis,” and KapKtvwpu, “ can- 
cer.”] Cancer of the penis. 
Plial-Io-i'defc.* [From ifiaXKos, the 
“penis,” and dio;, a “form.”] Resembling 
a penis. 
Pbal-lon'cus.* [From 0aXX<5y, the 
“penis,” and oy*»?, a “tumor.”] A mor- 
bid swelling of the penis. 
Phal-lor-rha'gi-a.* [From 0aXX<iy, 
the “ penis,” and pf/yryt, to “ burst forth.”] 
A bursting forth of blood from the penis. 
Plial-lor-rlice'a.® [From 0u>Xcc, the 
“penis,” and plot, to “flow.”] A flow 
410 PH A 
from the penis (or urethra). Another 
term for gonorrhoea. 
Plian-or-an-t Iie'rus,: Phan-e- 
ran'ttills.® [From <panp6s, “evident,” 
avQripos, an “anther,” and ardus, a “flow- 
er.”] Having anthers on the outside: 
phaneranthe'rous. 
Plian-c-rog'a-iiioiis. [Phaiierog- 
anius, Pliaiierogainiiis; from <pai/e- 
pos, “manifest,” “conspicuous,” and yapog, 
“ marriage,” or “ union.”] Having mani- 
fest or conspicuous flowers. A term ap- 
plied to a grand division of plants, called 
also flowering, or pheenogamous, plants. 
Phan-tas’ma, aft's.® [From 0acr«}&), 
to “make appear.”] Phantasm. An 
apparition; an imaginary representation 
of objects not really present, the effect 
of disease of the eye or brain ; phantasy. 
Phan-tas-mat i<‘. [ Pliant asmat- 
ieus.] Pertaining to phantasma. 
Phantom. [Plianto'ma. a tis; 
from to “make visible.”] The 
same as Phantasma. Also, the small 
effigy of a child employed to illustrate 
the progress of labor. 
Phar-bi'tis Mil.® A convolvula- 
ceous tropical plant with purgative seeds, 
which may be substituted for jalap. 
Phar-ma-veu'tic. [Pharmaceu'- 
ticns; from ipappaKevw, to “use medi- 
cines.”] Belonging to pharmacy. 
Pliar-ina-<,'Oii tics. [Pliarmaceu'- 
tica; from the same.] The science of 
preparing medicines. 
Phar-msi-eeii't ist. One skilled in 
pharmacy; a druggist. 
Phar'ma-cist. The same as Phar- 
maceutist. 
Phar-ma-co-tljf-nam'ics. [Phar- 
macoilynam'ica; from <j>appaKov, a 
“medicine,” also “poison,” and immpis, 
“ power.”] That branch of Materia 
Mediea which treats of the power or 
effects of medicines and poisons. 
Phar-ma-cog'no-sy’. [From iparpa- 
kov, a “medicine,” and yvioais, “know- 
ledge.”] That branch of Pharmacology 
which treats of simples or unprepared 
medicines. 
Phar-ma-co-lo£'I-cal. [Pharma- 
colog'icus.] Of, or belonging to, Phar- 
macology. 
Phar-ma-col'o-fey. [Pharmaeo- 
lo’gia; from pappaKov, a “medicine,” and 
Xoyo?, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
art or science of preparing medicines; 
that branch of science which treats of 
medicines; pharmacy. 
Phar ma-con.® [Gr. 0appafcov.] A 
medicine; a drug; also, a poison. 
Phar-nia-oo-poela.® [From 0up;ia- 
kov, a “medicine,” and mnao, to “make.”] 
A book containing directions for com- 
pounding or preparing medicines. 
Plinr-ma-ro-]t<r'lnl. [Pharina- 
cojMKia'lJs.] Of, or belonging to, a 
pharmacopoeia. 
Pliar'ma-cy. [Pharma'cia; from 
<papfiaKov, a “ medicine.”] Th6 art of pre- 
paring medicines to be used in the treat- 
ment of diseases; the trade of a drug- 
gist. 
Phiir-yii-g'&r&I-a.® [From 0 couyf, 
the “throat,” or “pharynx,” and aXyof, 
“pain.”] Pain in the pharynx. 
Pliar-j n-gal gi-cus.5 Belonging to 
pharynyalgia. 
Plinr-jn-geiil. [Pharynge'us; 
from </>apvy%, the “ pharynx.”] Belonging 
to the pharynx. 
Plia-ryii-geiii-plirax'is.® [From 
(ptipvyJ, the “ pharynx,” and a 
“stoppage.”] A stoppage or obstruction 
in the pharynx. 
Pliar-yii-giv'miis.® [From (papvyf, 
the “pharynx.”] Spasm of the muscles 
of the pharynx. 
Pliar-yu-gi tis. idis.% [From 0<!puyf, 
the “pharynx.”] Inflammation of the 
pharynx: also termed Cynau’che phar- 
ynge'n. 
Plia-ryn'go-ilyn'I-a.® [From 0upuyf, 
the “pharynx,” and 6&urr], “pain.”] 
Pain, spasmodic or chronic, of the phar- 
ynx. 
Phar-yn-gol'o-gy. [From Qapvyf, 
the “ pharj'nx,” and Xoyoj, a “ discourse.”] 
That part ot Anatomy which treats of 
the pharynx. 
Plia-ry 11'go-por-is'to-Ie.® [From 
<j>apvyl, the “pharynx,” mpi, “around,” 
and oteXXw, to “set,” to “arrange;” also, 
to “bind.”] Contraction or constriction 
of the pharynx. See Pharyngostenia. 
1*11a-ry 11 go-p 1 e'gi-a.® [From 0apuyf, 
the “pharj'nx,” andTt\-nyfi, a“ stroke.”] A 
paralysis of the muscles of the pharynx. 
Plia-ryii-gor-rliagi-a.® [From 
tjiapvyl, the “pharynx,” and pnyvvpi, to 
“burst forth.”] A bursting forth or 
sudden discharge (of blood) from the 
pharynx. 
Pha-ryn-go-spas'mus.* [From 
0ap»y£, the “pharynx,” and acacpos, a 
“convulsion.”] Spasm of the pharj'nx. 
1 *lssi-ryii-go-st<>'n i -a.® [From 0<lp«y(, 
the “pharynx,” and crews, a “strait,” or 
“difficulty.”] Contraction of the phar- 
ynx, like pharyugoperietole. 
Pha-ryn go-tome. [Pharyngof- 
omus; from 0apuyj, the “pharynx,” 
PH A 
411 and reyvw, to <?cut.”] An instrument 
invented by Petit for scarifying the ton- 
sils and opening abscesses about the 
fauces. 
Pliiir-jn-got'o-my. [Pharyngo- 
to'mia; from the same.] The operation 
of cutting into the pharynx. 
Pliar'y'iix.* [Gr. The com- 
mon opening or passage of the gullet 
and windpipe: in other words, the mus- 
culo-membranous sac at the back of 
the mouth and upper part of the oeso- 
phagus. 
PSiasc. [Lat. Pba'sis; Gr. <j>dmg, an 
“appearance.”] Applied in Astronomy 
to the appearance or shape which the 
moon and some of the planets present, 
such as gibbous, horned, halved, and 
round, or full. 
Pha-si-an’I-clae.*' [From phasin'nus, 
a “pheasant.”] The name of a family 
of gallinaceous birds, of which the 
pheasant is the type. 
Pba-sl-a'iius.® [Named from the 
river Phasis, in Colchis or Pontus, from 
which it is supposed to have been brought 
into Europe.] The pheasant. A genus 
of the order Gallinaceee. 
Pbasia'misClorclii-cus.* (“ Colchi- 
can Pheasant.”) The systematic name 
of the common pheasant, the flesh of 
which is delicate and easy of digestion. 
Pli asiii ims (Jul'liis.® The syste- 
matic name of the common domestic 
fowl; also called Gallus domestiens. 
Pbat-nor-rlia'g’i-a.- [From cpdrvri, 
the “socket of a tooth,” and ftnysvyi, to 
“ break or burst forth.”] A sudden dis- 
charge of blood from an alveolus, or 
tooth-socket. 
Plien-jgo-plio'bl-a.* [From ipcyydg, 
“light,” and tp&jlog, “fear.”] A fear or in- 
tolerance of light. 
Pbeu'I-ctn, or Phen'I-cme. [Phoen- 
ici'na; from tpoiinf, “purple.”] A name 
given by Crum to the substance other- 
wise named /ndigo-carmina, which he 
discovered. 
PJio-iiom'e-no-g-raph'i-cal. [Phse- 
nomenograph'icus.] Belonging to 
phenomcnography. 
Plie-ji am-e-Titt**' ra-phy. [Phae- 
nomenogra'pliia; from phsenom'enon, 
and ypip'ii, to “write.”] A history of 
morbid phenomena. 
P5iB.mun’e-nol'o-gy. [Plisenom- 
cnolo’gla; from phantom'enon, and Ad- 
yog, a “discourse.”] The science which 
treats of the symptoms or phenomena of 
disease. 
Phe-nome-non. [Phamom'c- 
PIIA 
non, or PhiPnoin'enum; from 6aGo- 
pai, to “ appear.”] An appearance: any 
thing remarkable. 
Phi al, or Vi al. [Phi ala; from 
<pui\ri, a “ shallow cup, or bowl.”] A 
small glass bottle for containing liquid 
medicines. 
A small natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, natives of India, Japan, and 
North America. It includes the Phila- 
del'phus (Syringa, or Mock-Orange). 
PhI-los'o-j»her’s Stone. [JLa'pis 
PhiloMopho'rutn.] An imaginary sub- 
stance which, according to the opinion 
of the alchemists, had the power to 
transmute base metals into gold. 
Phl-los'o-phy. [Philoso'phia; 
from (/kXeo), to “love,” and nopia, “wis- 
dom.”] The knowledge of things, natu- 
ral and moral, founded upon reason and 
experience. The science of causes and 
principles. It is sometimes employed to 
signify the sum total of systematic human 
knowledge. 
Phil'tre, or Phil'ter. [From $iAao, 
to “love.”] A love-potion; a medicine 
often used by the ancients for the pur- 
pose of inspiring love. 
Pliilytlraceae,* fil-e-dra'she-e. [From 
Phily'drum, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in China and New Hol- 
land. 
Phi-mo'sis.* [From <piyi>o>, to “ muz- 
zle,” to “bind.”] A constriction of the 
extremity of the prepuce, so that it can- 
not be drawn back to uncover the glans. 
Plii-mot'I-cus.* Belonging to phi- 
mosis : phimotic. 
Phleb-ee-ta'si-a,® or Phle-bec'ta- 
sis.® [From <p\ap, a “ vein.” and hersivw, 
to “extend.”] Terms for varix, an en- 
larged or swelled vein. 
Phleb-ec-to'pi-a.* [From <p\cip, a 
“vein,” and cktotto;, “out of place.”] 
The abnormal situation of a vein, from 
original malformation or the pressure of 
a tumor. 
Pllle-bi tis. idin* [From <p\hp, a 
“vein.”] Inflammation of a vein. It 
is distinguished by a hard, eord-like line, 
tender or painful on being touched, ex- 
tending along the course of a vein or 
veins, from an incision or wound. 
Phlebi'tis, U'ter-Ine. A term for 
puerperal fever. 
I'lih'-boiles.® [From <p\hp, a 
“ vein,” and ei&tg. a “ form.”] Resembling 
a vein ; also, having veins. 
Plile-bog'ra-pliy. [Phlebogra'- 
PHL 
412 PHL 
PHL 
phi a ; from tfXfl//, a “ vein,” and ypaOtj, 
to “write.”] A description, or history, 
of the veins. 
Piile-lio-i'des.” [From <p\eip, a 
“vein,” and fiXo?, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a vein: phle'boid. 
Phleb'o-lite. [Phleboli'tes; from 
</iXei//, a “ vein,” and Xi'Ooj, a “ stone.”] 
Literally, “vein-stone.” Applied to 
small, fibrous, dense bodies sometimes 
found loose in the veins. 
Phle-bofo-gL [Phlebolo'gia; 
from a “vein,” and Xoyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the veins; the 
anatomy of the veins. 
Phleb'o-me-trl'tis, idis.* [From 
0Xit//, a “ vein,” and metri'tis, “ inflam- 
mation of the womb.”] Venous me- 
tritis, or inflammation of the veins of the 
womb. 
PhIeb-or-rha'£I-a.* [From <p\np, a 
“vein,” and pfjyrvyi, to “burst forth.”] 
Sudden discharge of blood from the rup- 
ture of a vein : phlebor'rhagy. 
Phleb-or-rhex'is.* [From <p\hp, a 
“vein,” and a “breaking,” or 
“ bursting.”] The bursting, or rupture, 
of a vein. 
Phleb-o-ste-nog'ra-phy. [Phleb- 
oscenogra'phia; from <pXiip, a “vein,” 
oKrjrrt, a “ scene,” and ypa<po>, to “ write.”] 
An illustrated description of the veins. 
See Phlebography. 
Phleb-o-tom'I-cal. [Phlebotom'- 
icus.] Belonging to phlebotomy. 
Phle-bot'o-my. [Phleboto'mia; 
from (pXi*p, a “ vein,” and reyvaj, to “cut.”] 
The operation of opening a vein; vene- 
section ; blood-letting. 
Phlegm, flem. [Gr. <pXtyya; from 
<j>\':y(i), to “burn.”] Originally, “inflam- 
mation,” but afterwards applied to cer- 
tain humors supposed to be the cause of 
inflammation, and also of diseases un- 
attended with inflammation. One of the 
four natural humors of the ancients. 
A name given by the old chemists to a 
watery distilled liquor, as distinguished 
from a spirituous liquor. In popular 
language, the thick viscid mucus secreted 
by the lungs. 
Phlegmasia,* fleg-ma'she-a, plural 
Phlegmasise, fleg-ma'she-e. [From 
<fXsyto, to “ burn.”] Phleg'masy. In- 
flammation accompanied by fever. In 
the plural, inflammations with fever. 
An order of the class Pyrexise of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Phleg-iiMU-sit'I-cus.* Of or belong- 
ing to phlegmasia, or inflammation; in- 
flammatory. 
Phlegmatia,* fleg-ma'she-a. [From 
ipXiyyci, “plilegm,” a “watery humor.”] 
Dropsical swelling. 
Phlegma'tin Do'lens.* (“ Painful 
Plilegmatia.”) White-leg. A disease 
sometimes occurring in women soon after 
delivery, characterized by pain, increas- 
ing to an excruciating degree, along the 
thigh and leg to the foot, each part gra- 
dually becoming much swelled and very 
tense. 
i’liley-mafic. [Phleginatlcns.] 
Relating to phlegm; abounding in 
phlegm ; dull; sluggish. 
Phleg'mon. [Phleg'moue; from 
(jiXcyu, to “burn.”] A bright red in- 
flammation. 
Phleg'mo-noid. [Phleginonoi'- 
ties; from <p\sypovrj, a “tumor,” and «?<5of, 
a “ form.”] Resembling phlegmon. 
Phlegmonostis. See Phlegmo- 
nous. 
Phleg'mo-iioiis. [Phlegmono'- 
tles; from <p\eypovii, “tumor,” or “in- 
flammation.”] Of the nature of phleg- 
mon ; pertaining to phlegmon. 
Pliltt‘-o-ri'zin, written also Phlo- 
rUl'zin, or Phlo*rid'zine. [From 
tfXoios, “ bark,” and a “ root.”] A 
peculiar substance discovered in the bark 
of the root of the apple, pear, and cherry 
tree. 
Phlo-gis'tic. [Phlogis'ticus.] Be- 
longing to the supposed principle named 
phlogiston; also, synonymous with “in- 
flammatory.” 
I’lilo-iis'li-cal-ed Air, or Plilo- 
gis'tieateil <Jas. A term for nitrogen. 
Piilo-gis'ton.® [From 0Xoyi'?&>, to 
“burn.”] An imaginary principle by 
which Stahl and the chemists of his 
school accounted for the phenomena of 
combustion. They supposed the matter 
of fire existing in combustible bodies to 
be expelled in the process of combustion. 
By some, phlogiston was thought to be 
identical with hydrogen; while oxygen 
was termed dcphloyistieated air, that is, 
airtlestitute of phlogiston (or the princi- 
ple of inflammability). 
Phlo-gos'ic. [Phlogos'ictis; Fr. 
Phloyosique, flo'go'zik'.] In Pathology, 
belonging to phlogosis. Applied in Geo- 
logy to an order of pyrogenous earths, 
comprehending the Pseudo-Volcanic, 
which see. 
Phlo-go'sis.* [From <p\oy6a), to “in- 
flame.”] Inflammation: some writers 
apply it to erysipelatous inflammation. 
A genus of the order Phlegmasise, class 
Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
413 PJIL 
PHO 
Phlo-got’ic. [ I’ll logo t ions.] Be- 
longing to phloyosis; inflammatory. 
Phlo-gol 'i-ca.® [ From phlogot' icus, 
“inflammatory.”] The name of an or- 
der in Dr. Good’s Nosology, comprising 
the various forms of inflammation. 
Phloridzin. See Phlckorizin. 
Plilyc-ta'iia. [From to 
“ bubble up.”] A pellucid vesicle con- 
ing a serous fluid. 
Phlyc •ta'-nodes.® [From phlyc- 
tae'na.\ Having or resembling phlyc- 
tsena. 
Pill ye-tie n' u-1 a.* [Diminutive of 
phlyctse'na.\ A little vesicle; applied to 
such as occur in scrofulous inflammation 
of the conjunctiva, filled with a thin, 
colorless fluid. 
Phlyc'te-noul. [ Phlyctsenoi'des; 
from phlyctse'na, and dio;, a “form.”] 
Resembling phlyctsena. 
Plilyc'tis, idis.* [From to 
“boil.”] The same as Piilyct,ena, 
which see. 
Phly'sis.* [From or riXu-j, to 
“boil,” to “swell up.”] A generic term 
applied by Dr. Good to the different 
forms of whitlow. 
PhIy-*a'cious. [Phlyza'cius.] 
Belonging to a phlyzacium. 
Phlyzacium,* fli-za'she-um. [From 
<pW,<o, to “ boil,” to “ swell up.”] Ap- 
plied by Willan to a small pustule con- 
taining pus, raised on a round, hard, 
in!1 amed base, and terminating in adark- 
coiored scab. 
Plicenicina. See Phenicin. 
I'JiiBii-I-eisnuis.® [From $omf, 
‘‘rod.”] A name given to Rubeola, 
which see. 
Phnen-I-cis'tl-cus.* Belonging to 
phoenicismus. 
Phoeii-I-cap'y-rus.* [From 
a “ purple-red,” and py'rum, a “ pear.”] 
Having pyriform and fed fruit. 
Pliteiiix I>ac-ty-lif'e-ra.;if The 
systematic name of the date palm-tree. 
Phoeu-o-ili'iia,* or Phuen'o-dine. 
[From ph-eno' des, “ of a blood-color.”] 
A term for the Cruor sanguinis, or blood 
clot; also used for heematina. 
Plioen-o-ilin'I-cus.* Belonging to 
phae iodi’n i: phenodinic. 
Phn-nii'tion. [i’liona'tio, o'nis ; 
from puini, the “ voice.”] The formation 
of the voice; also, the physiology of the 
voice. 
Pho-net'ic. [Phonet'icus; from 
tjxnvif, the “ voice.”] Pertaining to the 
voice: pertaining to, or representing, 
articulate sounds. 
Phon'ic. [Phon'icus; from the 
same.] Sometimes the same as Phonetic. 
In Physics, the point or place in which 
is situated either the person who speaks, 
or tlie body which emits the sound, is 
called the phonic centre. 
Phon'I-ea.* [Fromphon'icus, “per- 
taining to sound.”] Diseases affecting 
the vocal avenues. The name of an order 
in Good’s Nosology. 
Phon'ics. [From the same.] The 
doctrine or science of sounds. Sometimes 
employed in the same manner as Acous- 
tics. 
Phon-o-camp'sls.* [From qxnvh, 
the “ voice,” and ku/ji'-P's, a “bending,” or 
“reflecting.”] In Physics, a throwing 
back, or reflecting, of sound; echo. 
Plum-o-<*am|»' tic. [Plionocamp'- 
ticus.] Belonging to plionocamp gin; 
able, or adapted, to reflect sounds. The 
phonocamptic centre is the situation 
where- the ear is placed in order to re- 
ceive reflected sounds. 
Phon-o-camp'tl-ca.® [From phon- 
ocnmp'sig, an “ echo.”] That branch of 
Physics which treats of the reflection of 
sound: phonocamp'tics. 
UNion-o-ctior da-. [From (pwvrj, a 
“ voice,” and chor'dse, “ chords.”] The 
Chordae vocales, or vocal chords. 
Pho-nog'ra-phy. [Phonogra'- 
pliia: from tjxnrfi, “voice,” or “sound,” 
and to “ write.”] The art of writing 
words according to their pronunciation 
or sound. Also, a description of the 
voice or of sound. 
Plio-nol 'e-jil'. [Phenolo'gia: from 
(jxnjfj, “voice,” or “sound.”] The science 
which treats of the modifications of the 
voice, or of the distinctive character of 
different articulate sounds. 
Phos'£ene. [Phos'gemis; from 
(fro;, “light,” and y'zrw, to “be born.”] 
Literally, “ born of light.” Applied to 
chloro-carbonic gas, because it is pro- 
duced by the action of the solar rays 
upon a mixture of equal parts of chlorine 
and carbonic oxide gas. 
Phosgene Gas. See Phosgene, and 
Photogene Gas. 
Phos'pliate. fPhos'plias, a'tis.] 
A salt formed of phosphoric acid and a 
base. 
Plios'pliate of lame. [Cal'cis 
Phos'phas. a'ti's.] A combination of 
phosphoric acid and lime, forming the 
solid, or earthy, portion of bones. 
Phosphate of Soda. See Sodje 
Phospkas. 
Phosphat-cd. [Pliosplmtus; 
414 PHO 
PHO 
from phos'phas, a “phosphate.”] Ap- 
plied to a base converted into a phos- 
phate by combination with phosphoric 
acid. 
Phos-plint if. [ Phosphat icus.] 
Belonging to, or containing, a phosphate. 
Phosphite. [Phosphis, i't/s.] 
A combination of phosphorous acid with 
a base. 
Phospho-riit-ed. [Phosphora- 
ta»; from phosphorus.] Combined, or 
impregnated, with phosphorus. 
Pfoosphore. See Phosphorus. 
JPhos-pho-res'vence. [Phospho- 
rescen'tia; from phosphorus.] The 
quality of becoming luminous at the 
ordinary temperature in the dark. A 
luminous appearance presented by many 
vegetable and animal substances, such, 
for example, as phosphorescent (decay- 
ing) wood, the glow-worm, jelly-fish, etc. 
[Phospho- 
res'cens; from the same.] Emitting 
light without heat, like phosphorus. See 
Phosphorescence. 
Phos-phor'ic. [Phosphor'icus; 
from the same.] Applied to an acid of 
the third degree of oxidation of phos- 
phorus. 
Phos'pho-rous. [Phosphoro'sus; 
from the same.] Applied to an acid 
which contains one equivalent of phos- 
phorus and three of oxygen. 
Phos-pho-ru'rl-a.® [From phos'- 
phorus, and ovpou, the “urine.”] The 
presence of phosphorus in the urine. 
See Photuria. 
!’3ios’]>!to-rus.;: [Gr. 0coo-0dpoj, the 
“day-star;” from 0mj. “light,” and ijdpto, 
to “bring.”] (Fr. Phosphore, fos'foit'.) 
Originally, the “day-star.” A translu- 
cent, nearly colorless substance, resem- 
bling wax, without taste, but having a 
peculiar smell. It is extremely inflam- 
mable, and should be kept under water 
and protected from the light. When 
exposed to the air, it emits white fumes 
which are luminous in the dark. It has 
been placed on the primary list of the 
Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for ISfiO. In nature it is always 
found in combination with oxygen, i.e. 
in the state of phosphoric acid. Phos- 
phorus, in small doses, acts as a power- 
ful general stimulant; in large doses, it 
/S an irritant poison. 
Phosphorus, Baldwin's. See 
IIomberg’s Phosphorus. 
Phosphorus of Canton. See Can- 
ton’s Phosphorus. 
Phos'phu-ret. [Phosphure'tum; 
from phoa'phorus.] A combination of 
phosphorus with a combustible body, or 
a metallic oxide. 
E’liiis'plm-i'H-eil. The same as 
Phosphorated, which see. 
Phosphuria. See Photuria. 
Plio>tal'gI-a.$ [From <jms, 0cor<%, 
“ light,” and u\yo;, “ pain.”] Pain arising 
from too much light: photalgy. 
Phot'I-ca.* [From, “light.”] 
The doctrine of the nature and appear- 
ance of light: pliot'ics. 
Pliot'i-cus.® Of or belonging to 
light: photic. 
I5lio-to-oainp sis.S [From 0c3y, 0coroy, 
“light,” and sapiptf, a “bending.”] Re- 
fraction of the rays of light. 
Plio-to-dys-plio'rl-jf.* [From 0«s, 
“light,” and dyspho’riu, “restless- 
ness."] Intolerance of light. 
Pho'to-g'ene Gas. The same as 
Phosgene, which see. 
Pho-t«-gen'ic. [ Phot ogonicus; 
from <fMs, (pwTos, “light,” and yha>, to “be 
born or produced.”] Produced or cre- 
ated by the light, as photographic pic- 
tures. 
Pho-to-graph'ic, or Plio-to- 
grapli’i-ral. [Photograph'icus.] 
Belonging to photography; photogenic. 
Pho-tog'ra-phy. [Phot ogra'pliia; 
from 0&k, 0wroc, “ light,” and yp('sj>oj, to 
“delineate. '] The production of the 
images of objects by the action of light 
on metal, paper, glass, etc., prepared for 
the purpose by chemical agencies. This 
art is sometimes called, from the name 
of M. Daguerre, the inventor, daguerreo- 
type, which term is also applied to a pic- 
ture or representation thus produced. 
Pho-to-lo&'i-cal. [Pliotolog'icus.] 
Belonging to photology. 
lMio-tol'o-gy. [Pilotolo'g-ia: from 
(/ms, <{ioit6s, “light,” and Adyoy, a “dis- 
course.”] The science or doctrine of 
light. 
Pho-tom 'e-ter. [Pilotom 'etrnm; 
from <p£)i, “light,” and phpov, a “mea- 
sure.”] An instrument by which to 
ascertain the comparative intensity of 
light. 
Pho-to-mef ri-oal. [ Pilot omet'- 
ricus.] Belonging to photometry. 
Pho-tom'e-try. [Pliotome'trla; 
from 0c3y, 0coroy, “light," and perpio), to 
“measure.”] The science which treats 
of the measurement of light. Also, the 
act of measuring light. 
Pho-ton'o-sos,* Pho-ton'o-sus.* 
[From <pS>s, “light,” and vnao“disease.”] 
Applied to any disease arising from ex- 
415 P1I0 
PHY 
posure to a glare of light, as snow-blind- 
ness, sun-stroke, etc. 
Pho-to-pho' bl-a.® [From (jxhf, 
“light,” and (jjodos, “fear.”] A dread or 
intolerance of light. 
Pho-to-phoh'i-csis.® Belonging to 
photophobia: pliotojolio'bic. 
[Photop'sia; from 
$co;, “light,” and '6-p‘S, “sight.”] An ap- 
pearance or sense of light from internal 
causes. 
Pho-tor-rhex'is.® [From 0ak, 
“light,” and /I'/Jk, a “breaking.”] Re- 
fraction of the rays of light. 
Photo-sphere. [Photosphae'ra; 
from <pd>s, “ light,” and o-paipa, a “ spbero.”] 
The “Sphere of Light.” The luminous 
atmosphere of the sun. 
Pho-tu'rl-a.® [From “light,” 
and ov/x)v, the “urine.”] Urine which 
has a luminous appearance as it passes 
from the urethra; luminous urine. 
Phrag'ma, aft*.® [From ppaaaw, to 
“enclose.”] Applied in Botany to a 
spurious dissepiment of a pericarp. 
Ph rag-' mo-cone. [Ph rogmoco'* 
11 ns: from (jipiacru), to “ divide,” and kS>vo;, 
a “cone.”] The cone of the Belemnite, 
which is divided into chambers. 
Phr6n6sie. See Phrenitis. 
Pliren'ic. [Phren'icus; from <pprjv, 
the “diaphragm.”] Belonging to the 
diaphragm. 
Phren'I-ca.® the “dia- 
phragm,” or parts adjacent to the heart 
(supposed by the ancients to be the seat of 
the intellect, as well as of the feelings): 
hence, the “ mind.”] Medicines which 
affect the mental faculties; also, the 
name of an order in Dr. Good’s Nosology, 
comprising diseases affecting the intel- 
lect. 
Phre-nit'ic, or Phre-net'ic. 
[Phrenit'icus.] Belonging to phreni- 
tis. 
Phre-ni'tis, idis.% [From the 
“mind.”] (Fr. Phrenesie, fR&'nAzA.) 
Inflammation of the brain; phrenzy. A 
genus of the order Phlegmasix, class Py- 
rexix, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Phren-o-lo&'I-cal. [ I*h re no log- 
ic!!-. j Belonging to Phrenology. 
Plire-nofa-jy. [Plirenolo'gia; 
from pans, the “mind,” and Xoyo?, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the faculties of 
the human mind, and the organs by 
which they are said to manifest them- 
selves. Usually anplied to the science 
(if so it may be called) which treats of 
the faculties and propensities of the hu- 
man mind, as dependent on the develop- 
ment of brain. Each different faculty 
is supposed to reside in a particular part 
of the brain, which part is termed the 
organ of the faculty to which it is .appro- 
priated. 
Ptireno-Magnetism, Plircno- 
Mesmerism. Sec Mesmero-Phre- 
nology. 
Phren*jT. See Piirenitis. 
Phtheiriasis. See Piithiriasis. 
Phlliiriasis, tlie-ri'a-sis. [From 
ipOstp, a “louse.”] A disease in which 
iice are bred on different parts of the 
body; called also Jfor'bns pedicxdtt' ris, 
or “lousy disease.” See Pediculation. 
Phthis'I-cal. [Phthis'icus.] Be- 
longing to phthisis; consumptive. 
Phthisicos. See Phthisical. 
Phthisic. See Phthisis Pulmona- 
LIS. 
Phthis-I-el'o-gy. [Plithisiolo'gia; 
from (pOicn;, “consumption,” and Xdyo,-, a 
“discourse.”] A dissertation or treatise 
on phthisis, or consumption; that branch 
of Pathology which treats of consump- 
tion. 
Phthisis,* ti'sis. [From (jtOiu, to 
“consume.”] Pulmonary consumption, 
characterized by emaciation, debility, 
cough, hectic fever, and purulent expec- 
toration. 
Phthi'sis Piil-mo-na'lis.® (Fr. 
Phthisic, te'zA.) See Pulmonary Con- 
sumption. 
Phthoe,® tho'e. [From ipOivcit, to 
“corrupt.”] Ulceration of the lungs. 
Phy-cojf'ra-phy. [Phycojjra'- 
phia; from <pvxo;, a “fucus,” or “sea- 
weed,” and ypacjxi>, to “write.”] A his- 
tory or description of the Fuci. 
Phy-eo-I-«la'tus.® [From ipvsos, a 
“fucus,” and eiSo;, “resemblance.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural neuter (Phycoida'ta) 
by Lingbye to a section of the Hydro- 
phyta (aquatic plants). 
Phy-col'o-sy. [Pliycolo'gia; from 
<j>vKoa “fucus,” or “sea-weed,” and 
Xdyoj, a “discourse.”] That part of Bo- 
tany which treats of the Fuci. 
Phyl-lan'thus.* [From <pv\\ov, a 
“leaf,” and ix-.'Qoa “flower.”] Having 
flowers upon the leaves, with their pe- 
duncles adherent to the principal nervure 
of the leaves: phyllan'thous. 
Phyl'le-rin. [Phyllera'iia.] - An 
alkaloid substance obtained from the 
PhyUeria latifolia. 
Phyl-le-ryth'rin. [Phylleryth- 
riiia: from ijtvWov, a “leaf,” and l.pvOpos, 
“red.”] The same as Erythrophyll, 
which see. 
416 PIIY 
PHY 
Phj?!-lo'(ies. ; [From <pv\\ov, a “leaf,” 
and cido;, “resemblance.”] Having 
leaves; resembling leaves. 
Phyl-lo'dl-um.* [From the same.] 
A petiole which dilates so much as to re- 
semble a leaf. 
PhyI-lo&'c-nous. [Phyllos'enus; 
from <pv\\oi/, a “leaf,” and ymo, to “be 
born,” to “grow.”] Growing upon 
leaves. 
Phyl'Ioid. [Fhylloi'tles; from 
<j/v\\or, a “leaf,” and elio;, a “form.”] 
Resembling a leaf. 
Pliyl-lo-phe'in. [Phyllopluei'na; 
from </>OA/W, a “ leaf,” and (f>a:dj, “ dusky.”] 
The dusky or brown coloring matter of 
leaves. 
Phyi-los'po-rus.* [From <pi\\ov, a 
“leaf,” and cnropa, “seed.”] Having the 
seed in or under the leaf. 
Phyl-lo-tax'is,® or Phyl-lo-tax'y. 
[From (pnWov, a “leaf,” and rdf if, “ar- 
rangement.”] The arrangement of 
leaves on the stem. It is a curious fact 
that the course of development in growing 
plants is universally spiral. A complete 
circuit around a stem formed by the 
spiral line drawn from any leaf to the 
leaf which is exactly over it, is called a 
cycle. 
Phyl-lox-an'thin. [Phylloxan- 
tliina; from tpvWov, a “leaf,” and Jui/fids, 
“yellow.”] The yellow coloring matter 
of the leaf of a plant. 
Phy'ma, atis* plural Phy'ma-ta. 
[From <pvo>, to “produce.”] A tubercle 
on any external part of the body; also, 
a genus of Willan’s arrangement of cu- 
taneous diseases. 
Phy-mat'ic. [Phymat'ieus.] Be- 
longing to phyma. 
Pljy-ma-to cles. : [From phy'ma.'] 
Resembling or having phymata. 
Phy' ma-tohl. [Phymatoi'des; 
from <pipa, a “growth,” a “tumor,” and 
cidof, a “ form.”] Resembling a tumor. 
Phy-ma-to'sis.* [From <pvpa, a 
“growth,” a “tumor.”] The formation 
or progress of tubercular disease. 
Phys-eo'ni-a,.* [From (jmjKwv, “big- 
bellied.”] Enlargement of the abdomen, 
marked by a tumor occupying one part 
of it, of slow growth, and neither sono- 
rous nor fluctuating. A genus of the 
order Intnmexcentise, class Cachexia, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Phys-con'I-cus.* Belonging to phys- 
conia. 
Phy-se'ter, e'ris.% [From <pvada>, to 
■‘blow.”] A “blower;” the spermaceti 
whale; also called by its Biscayan name 
of Cachalot. A genus of the class Mam- 
malia, order Cetacea. 
Physe'ter Mac-ro-feph'a-lus.* 
The systematic name for the species of 
whale principally affording spermaceti 
and ambergris. 
Phys-I-at'ri-ca.® [From (fmms, “na- 
ture,” and iarpeia, “medical treatment.”] 
The doctrine or science which treats of 
the healing powers of nature: physia- 
trics. 
Pliys-I-at'ri-cus.* Belonging to 
physiatrica: physiat'rical. 
Pliys'ic. [From <pwunSf, “pertaining 
to nature,” “natural,” or “according to 
the laws of nature.”] Applied to the 
science of medicine, and to medicines 
employed in the cure of diseases. 
Pltys'I-esil. [Phys'icus; from <pumg, 
“nature.”] Belonging to nature; nearly 
synonymous with natural. 
Pliy-sl'Cian. [From the same.] (Fr. 
Medecin, m&d'saN0'.) A doctor of medi- 
cine or physic; one who has been au- 
thorized by an incorporated institution 
to practise medicine. 
Phys'ics. [Pliys'lca; from the 
same.] In its most extensive significa- 
tion, that science which treats of the 
nature, laws, etc. of the entire material 
universe. 
The objects of physical science may 
be studied in three different points of 
view : they may be examined in relation 
to their different properties, with respect 
to their constituent parts, and in regard 
to their appearance and exterior quali- 
ties. These three distinct views give 
rise to the three great divisions of natu- 
ral science, namely, Natural Philosophy 
(or Physics, in a more restricted sense), 
Chemistry, and Natural History. Natu- 
ral Philosophy has for its object the 
properties of bodies, Chemistry studies 
their elementary principles, and Natural 
History observes their physiognomy and 
external characteristics. 
Pliys-I-os'e-ny. [Physiog’e'nia; 
from (jmaig, “nature,” and ymo, to “bp 
bom,” to “be produced.”] The produc- 
tion of things by nature. 
Phys-I -og'-no-mon'I-ca.* [From 
(pvmoyviopovcu>, to “judge of a man by his 
features.”] The doctrine of judging by 
the looks or features of the countenance: 
physiognomon'ics. 
Ptiys-I-og-nom'o-ny. [Physios- 
nomo'nia.] See Physiognomy. 
[Pliysiosno'- 
mia; from tywioyixupovcw, to “judge of 
a man by his features.”] The art of 
417 PI1Y 
PIIY 
judging of the moral and intellectual 
character by examining the features of 
the countenance. Also, the study of 
diseases from an examination of the fea- 
tures or general appearance of the coun- 
tenance. 
Physd-og'ra-phjl. [Physiogra- 
phia; from (jivng, “nature,” and ypdipoo, 
to “write.”] A description of objects 
which together constitute nature. 
Phys-I-o-Iog'I-cal. [Physiolog'- 
icus. | Belonging to Physiology. 
Plijbs-I-ol'o-gy. [Physiolo'gia; 
from </ivjis, “nature,” and Adyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine of vital phenom- 
ena, or the science of the functions of 
living bodies, is divided, according to 
the two great classes of organized beings, 
into animal and vegetable physiology. 
Animal physiology is by some writers 
divided into three branches: namely, 
the physiology of the sanguineous, of the 
nervous, and of the muscular system. 
These three systems, which have been 
termed the tripod of life, are intimately 
linked or mingled together; and they 
can only be properly studied by keeping 
constantly in view their relations to 
each other. 
Physiol'ogy, on'e-rat. That which 
regards the general laws of life. 
Pliysiol’ogy, Special, treats of the 
nature and functions of particular or- 
gans, as of the heart, the lungs, the 
liver, the kidneys, etc. 
Physiology, Vegetable. See Vege- 
tablk Physiology. 
Pliys-l-on'o-iny’. [Physiono'mia; 
from ipvatf, “nature,” and ro/os, a “law.”] 
The doctrine of the laws of nature. 
PJiys-o-car'pus.* [From <pwa,“w'md,” 
and K'xpiro;, “fruit.”] Having fruit con- 
taining air, as the pods of certain plants. 
Phys-o-col'I-ca.* [From(/>v<ra,“wind,” 
and col’ica, the “colic.”] Flatulent colic. 
Phys-o-me'tra.* [From </>vaa, 
“ wind,” and pr)TP«, the “womb.”] Tym- 
pany, or windy swelling of the womb. 
A genus of the order Intumescentise, class 
Uachexise, of Cullen's Nosology. 
Phy-tan-a-to'ml-a.* [From <pvrov, 
a “plant,” and anato'mia, “anatomy.”] 
The anatomy of vegetables. 
Phyt-e-ry'th-ri'na.* [From (/>vt6v, 
a “plant,” and ipudpoj, “red.”] The red 
coloring matter in plants. See Ery- 
THROPHYLL. 
Pliy-tiph'a-gons. The as 
Phytophagous, which see. 
Phy-tiv'o-rous. [Phytiv'orus; 
from (/>ot6v, a “plant,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
vour.”] Plant-devouring. The same 
as Phytophagous. 
Phy-to-che'ml-a.* [From <por6v, a 
“ plant,” and che'mia, “chemistry.”] The 
chemistry of plants; or vegetable chemis- 
try. 
[Phytocheni'- 
iciis.] Belonging to phytockemia. 
Phy-tog'e-iiy, or Phy-to-gen'e- 
sis.* [Phytogene'sia; from tpvnv, a 
“plant,” and ycvei, to “be born.”] Ger- 
mination, the commencement of vegeta- 
tion ; also, the doctrine or science of the 
generation of plants. 
PIiy-to-£e-og'ra-phy. [Phyto- 
geogra'pliia: from <pvr6v, a “plant,” 
yrj, the “earth,” and yp«/>oi, to “write.”] 
Geographical Botany; or that part of 
Botany which treats of the geographical 
distribution of plants. 
Phy-to-graph'I-cal. [Phyto- 
graph'icus.] Belonging to pliytogra- 
phy- 
Phy-tog'ra-phy. [Phytogra'- 
phia; from firov, a “plant,” and ypdijxo, 
to “ write.”] A description of plants. 
Descriptive Botany; or that part of 
Botany w'hich treats of the rules to be 
observed in describing and naming 
plants. 
Phy'toid. [Phytoi'des; from 0t)T<Sv, 
a “plant,” and rtdof, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling a plant. 
Phytolaecaceae,* fi-to-lak-ka'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants 
(herbs or under-shrubs), natives of Africa, 
India, and America. It includes Phyto- 
lac'ca (Poke). 
Bac'ca,* or Phy- 
tolac'ca; Bac'ca;.* (“Poke Berry,” 
or “ Poke Berries.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.)' for the berries of the 
Phytolacca decandra. 
Pliytolae'ea? Ita'dix.* (“Poke 
Root.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the root of the Phytolacca de- 
candra. 
Pliy'to-llte. [Phytoli'tes: from 
0'jroi/, a “plant,” and Atftoa “stone.”] 
A petrified or fossil plant. 
Phy-to-log i-oal. [ IMiytolog i- 
cus.] Belonging to phytology. 
Phy-tolo-gy- Phytolo'gia: from 
(/titov, a “plant,”and Aoyo>, a“ discourse.”] 
A treatise on plants, or the science of 
plants. Botany in general. 
Phy'ton. A term applied by some to 
a simple plant-element, such as, first, the 
radicle of the embryo, secondly, the joint 
of stem and leaf; and so on. (See Gray's 
Structural aad Systematic Botany.) 
418 PHY 
PIL 
Phy-toph’a-gous. [Pliytopli'a- 
fct.s; from f>roi/, a “plant,” and <pdyw, 
to “oat.”] Subsisting on the leaves of 
trees and plants. 
Pli.V-to pliys-i-ol o-gy. [Phyto- 
pliysiolo'gia; from (porov, a “plant,” 
and physiolo'yia, “physiology.”] The 
doctrine of the internal economy of 
plants. 
Pliy-tot'o-my. [Ptaytoto'mia; 
from <pvrov, a “ plant,” and rf/uao, to “ cut.”] 
The dissection of vegetables. Vegetable 
anatomy ; the study of the minute struc- 
ture of plants as revealed by the micro- 
scope. 
Phy-to-tro'plil-ii.* [From (j>vr6v, a 
“plant,” and “nourishment.”] 
The nutrition of plants, and the con- 
sideration of the best means for pro- 
moting it. 
I’liy-to-zo on,* or Phy-to-zoTim.* 
[From (fmrov, a “plant,” and (,dor, an 
“animal.”] A term applied by some 
naturalists to such animals as polypi 
and corallina ; a zoophyte. 
Pi'a Ma'ter.® (“Tender Mother.”) 
(Fr. Pie Mere, p6 meR.) The most 
internal of the three membranes of the 
brain. See Dura Mater. 
Pi-ar-Iise'mI-a.'® [From irtap, “ fat,” 
and alga, “ blood.”] The presence of fat 
in the blood. 
Pi ca.® A term applied to depraved 
appetite, or desire for varied and unnatu- 
ral food, common in chlorosis, pregnancy, 
etc. A genus of the order Dysorexise, 
class Locales, of Cullen's Nosology. 
Pi'ce-a.® [From pix, pi'eis, “ pitch;” 
Gr. Tcirra, or iriacra, the “pitch-tree.”] A 
name for the Pinas abies. 
Pi'ce-us.* Belonging to pitch, or tar: 
pi'ceous. 
Picrsena Excelsa. See Quassia. 
Pie'rin, or Pic'rlne. [From 7rorpi%, 
“bitter.”] A bitter substance procured 
from Digita'lis purpu'rea, and said to 
be identical with digitalin. 
Pic'ro-mel, el7»».® [From irixpiij, 
“bitter,” and gl\i, “honey.”] A sub- 
stance having a bitter and sweetish taste. 
The characteristic principle of bile. 
Pic-ro-tox'ic. [Picrotox'icns.] 
Applied to salts of which picrotoxin 
forms the base. 
Pie-ro-tox'in, or Pic-ro-tox'ine. 
[Picrotoxi'na; from iwcpds, “bitter,” 
and to£ik6s, “poison.”] The poisonous 
principle of the Cocculus Indians. 
Pled, peA'. The French word for 
“foot.” See Pes. 
Pie Mere. See Pia Mater. 
Pierre, pe-eit. The French term for 
Calculus, which see. 
Pierre d’Aimant, pe-eR dd'moN®'. 
A French term for Magnet, which 
see. 
Pigment. [Piffineiituni; fron 
pin'go, to “paint.”] Any color used by 
painters. 
Pig'ment. A black amorphous sub- 
stance, found normally in the skin, etc., 
and abnormally in various other parts 
of the body. See Melan.emia. 
Pig-men turn Jfi'grnm.* A black 
or dark pigment which covers the inter- 
nal surface of the choroid membrane of 
the eye. 
Pil. = Pil'ula,* or pil’ulst.* A “pill,” 
or “pills.” 
Pi-ia're Ma'lum.* (“ Hair Disease.”) 
See Tkichosis. 
Pil'e-ate. [Pilea'tus; from pi'leas, 
a “hat.”] Having a hat or a cap. 
Pil-e-I-ffor'inte.* [From the same.] 
Having the form of a hat: pil'eiform. 
Piles. (Fr. Hemorrhoid eft, 4'ine'ro'- 
6d\) A disease of the veins at the ex- 
tremity of the rectum, around the anus, 
assuming a knotted or clustered con- 
dition ; hemorrhoids. See H,emorrhois. 
Pil'e-us.* [From -iXo;, a “hat,” or 
“cap.”] The cap or orbicular expansion 
of a mushroom. 
Pi'li,'*' gen. Pi-lo'rum, the plural of 
Pilus, which see. 
Pi'li €on-gen'i-ti.* (“Congenital 
Hairs.”) A term for the hair of the 
head, eyebrows, and eyelids, because it 
exists at birth. 
Pi'li Post-gen'I-ti.* (“ Postgenital 
Hairs.”) That hair which grows on cer- 
tain parts after birth, at puberty, for ex- 
ample. 
Pi-lif'er-ons. [Pilif'erus; from 
pi'lus, “hair,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing hair, or covered with hair. 
Pi'li-form. [Pilifor'mis; from 
pi'lus, “ hair.”] Having the appearance 
of hairs. 
Pi-Iig'er-ons. [I’ilig’criis: from 
pi'lus, “hair,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
The same as Piliferous, which see. 
Pi'linc. [From pi'lus, “hair.”] A 
kind of cloth composed of a mixture of 
sponge and wool, felted together so as to 
form an even and soft fabric, and after- 
wards rendered water-proof by a coating 
of caoutchouc ; employed as a substitute 
for poultices and fomentation cloths. 
Pill. See Pilula. 
Pi 1-li-o-cau'sl-a.® A modern name 
(of uncertain etymology) for the old 
419 PIL 
PIL 
composition called Hi'era pi'era, or holy 
bitter: vulgarly rendered “ Pillicoshy.” 
Pil-o-car'pus.* [From pi'his, “hair,” 
and Kapnos, “ fruit.”J Having fruit co- 
vered with hair. 
Pilon. See Pilum. 
Pi-lo'rum,® the genitive plural of 
Pilus, a “hair.” See next article. 
Pilo'rum Ar-rec-to'reS.® (“ Raisers 
of the Hairs.”) A name applied to the 
minute muscles of the skin, whose action 
produces the appearance termed cu'tis 
anseri'na, or “goose-skin.” They are 
supposed also to raise the hairs when 
one is seized with horror or fright. 
Pi-lose'. [Pilo'sus; from pi'lii8, 
“hair.”] Hairy, as distinguished from 
woolly or downy,—i.e. having distinct 
and straight, but, not rigid, hairs. 
Pil'u-ia,* plural Pil'u-lte. [Dimi- 
nutive of pi'la, a “ball.”] A pill. A 
small round form of dry medicine, of 
the size of a pea, or less, which can be 
swallowed whole. 
Pll'u-lse,* gen. Pil-u-la'rum, the 
plural of Pilula, which see. 
Pil'ulte Al'o-eS.* (“ Pills of Aloes.”) 
Take of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, 
soap, in fine powder, each a troyounce. 
Beat them together with water, so as to 
form a pilular mass, to be divided into 
two hundred and forty pills. 
Pil'iilte Al'oes et As-sa-f«et'I-d*e.* 
(“ Pills of Aloes and Assafoetida.”) Take 
of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, assa- 
foetida, soap, in fine powder, each half a 
troyounce. Beat them together with 
water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
be divided into one hundred and eighty 
pills. 
Pil'uUe Al'oes et Mas'tl-eties.* 
(“ Pills of Aloes and Mastic.”) Take of 
Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, a troy- 
ounce and a half; mastic, in fine powder, 
red rose, in fine powder, each half a 
troyounce. Beat them together with 
water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
be divided into four hundred pills. 
Pil'ulte Al'oes Pills 
of Aloes and Myrrh.”) Take of Soco- 
trine aloes, in fine powder, two troy- 
ounces : myrrh, in fine powder, a troy- 
ounce; saffron, in fine powder, half a 
troyounce; syrup, a sufficient quantity. 
Beat the whole together, so as to form 
a pilular mass, to be divided into four 
hundred and eighty pills. 
Pil'ulte An-tX-mo'nl-i Com-pos'- 
I-tte.* (“ Compound Pills of Antimony.”) 
Plummer’s Pills. Take of sulphurated 
antimony, mild chloride of mercury, 
each one hundred and twenty grains; 
guaiac, in tine powder, molasses, each 
half a troyounce. Rub the sulphurated 
antimony first with the mild chloride of 
mercury, and afterwards with the guaiac 
and molasses, so as to form a pilular 
mass, to be divided into two hundred 
and forty pills. 
Pil'ulse As-sa-f«et'I-«lte.* (“ Pills 
of Assafoetida.”) Take of assafoetida, a 
troyounce and a half; soap, in fine pow- 
der, half a troyounce. Beat them to- 
gether with water, so as to form a pilular 
mass, to be divided into two hundred 
and forty pills. 
Pil'uUe <'a-tlmrt}-«,•!«• Fom-pos'- 
I-tte.* (“Compound Cathartic Pills.”) 
Take of compound extract of colocynth, 
half a troyounce; extract of jalap, in 
fine powder, mild chloride of mercury, 
each one hundred and eighty grains ; 
gamboge, in fine powder, forty grains. 
Mix the powders together; then with 
water form a pilular mass, to be divided 
into one hundred and eighty pills. 
Pil'ulte t'o-pai'bse.* (“Pills of 
Copaiba.”) Take of copaiba, two troy- 
ounces; magnesia, recently prepared, 
sixty grains. Mix them together, and 
set the mixture aside until it concretes 
into a pilular mass, to be divided into 
two hundred pills. 
Pil'ulse For'ri Far-bo-na'tis® 
(“Pills of Carbonate of Iron”) are com- 
posed of eight parts of sulphate of iron 
and nine parts of carbonate of soda, 
with sugar, honey, and water in suffi- 
cient quantity. For particular direc- 
tions respecting the mode of preparation, 
see U.S. Pharmacopoeia, page 254. 
Pil'ulse Fer'ri Com-pos'I-tse.® 
(“ Compound Pills of Irtrn.”) Take of 
myrrh, in fine powder, one hundred and 
twenty grains; carbonate of soda, sul- 
phate of iron, each sixty grains; syrup, 
a sufficient quantity. Rub the myrrh 
first with the carbonate of soda, and 
afterwards with the sulphate of iron, 
until they are thoroughly mixed; then 
beat them with syrup, so as to form a 
pilular mass, to be divided into eighty 
pills. 
Pil'ulse Fer'ri I-od'I-di* (“ Pills of 
Iodide of Iron”) are composed of four 
parts of iodine, two parts of metallic 
iron (in the form of wire cut in pieces), 
and one part of reduced iron, with sugar, 
marshmallow, gum arabic, and water, 
in sufficient quantity. For particulars 
respecting the preparation, see U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia, page 256. 
420 PIL 
PIN 
Pil'ula* Gal'ba-ni Com-pos'I-tse.® 
(“Compound Pills of Galbanum.”) Take 
of galbanum, myrrh, each three hundred 
and sixty grains; assafeetida, one hun- 
dred and twenty grains; syrup, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Beat them together, so 
as to form a pilular mass, to be divided 
into two hundred and forty pills. 
Pil'ula? 8ly-ilrar'gy-ri® (“ Pills of 
Mercury, or Mercurial Pills”), commonly 
called Blue Pills. Take of mercury, a 
troyounce; confection of rose, a troy- 
ounce and a half; liquorice-root, in fine 
powder, half a troyounce. Bub the 
mercury with the confection until the 
globules cease to be visible; then add 
the liquorice-root, and beat the whole 
into a pilular mass, to be divided into 
four hundred and eighty pills. 
Pil'ulaiO'pi-i.® (“Pills of Opium.”) 
Take of opium, in fine powder, sixty 
grains; soap, in fine powder, twelve 
grains. Beat them together with water, 
so as to form a pilular mass, to be di- 
vided into sixty pills. 
Pil'ula? Quin'I-se Sul-pha'tls.® 
(“Pills of Sulphate of Quinia.”) Take 
of sulphate of quinia, a troyounce; gum 
arabic, in fine powder, one hundred and 
twenty grains; clarified honey, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Mix the sulphate of 
quinia and gum arabic; then beat them 
with clarified honey, so as to form a 
pilular mass, to be divided into four 
hundred and eighty pills. 
Pil'ula? KSie'i.* (“Pills of Bhu- 
barb.”) Take of rhubarb, in fine pow- 
der, three hundred and sixty grains ; 
soap, in fine powder, one hundred and 
twenty grains. Beat them together with 
water, so as to form a pilular mass, to 
be divided into one hundred and twenty 
pills. 
Pil'ula? Rhe'i Com-pos'I-tse.® 
(“ Compound Pills of Bhubarb.”) Take 
of rhubarb, in fine powder, a troyounce; 
Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, three 
hundred and sixty grains; myrrh, in 
fine powder, half a troyounce; oil of 
peppermint, half a fluidrachm. Beat 
them together with water, so as to form 
a pilular mass, to be divided into two 
hundred and forty pills. 
Pil'ulse Sa-po'nis Com-pos'i-tse.® 
(“Compound Pills of Soap.”) Take of 
opium, in fine powder, sixty grains; 
soap, in fine powder, half a troyounce. 
Beat them together with water, so as to 
form a pilular mass. This is a convenient 
preparation for administering opium in 
a pilular and readily soluble form, in 
fractions of a grain. The name seems 
to have been intended to conceal the 
character of the medicine from the pa- 
tient. 
Pil'ulae K(,iH:e Coin-pos'i-tse.® 
(“Compound Pills of Squill.”) Take 
of squill, in fine powder, sixty grains ; 
ginger, in fine powder, ammoniac, in 
fine powder, each one hundred and 
twenty grains; soap, in fine powder, 
one hundred and eighty grains; syrup, 
a sufficient quantity. Mix the powders ; 
then beat them with syrup, so as to form 
a pilular mass, to be divided into one 
hundred and twenty pills. 
Iai J ti-Iar. [ Pilulii'ris: frompil'ula, 
a “pill.”] Pertaining to a pill. 
Pilule. See Pilula. 
Pil-u-li-flo'rus.® [From pil'ula, a 
“little ball,” and flos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing flowers united into capitules of a 
round form. 
Pi'lum.* (Fr. Pilon, p&'loN°'.) A 
pestle; an instrument for breaking sub- 
stances in a mortar. 
Pi'Ills,* plural Pi'll. [From jriXof, 
“felt.”] A hair. Pilus is usually ap- 
plied to the hairs considered individually, 
while capillus signifies, properly, a “ head 
of hair.” 
Pl-niel'a-tlen, enis.® [From mgcXii, 
“fat,” and airiv, a “gland.”] A seba- 
ceous gland. 
Pim-e-li'tis, left#.* [From mpeXii, 
“fat.”] Inflammation of the adipose 
tissue. 
Pim-e-Io'<leS.* [From the same.] 
Fatty, or full of fat. 
Piin-o-lo'sis.*- [From the same.] 
Fatness, or obesity. 
Pi-men'ta.® Pimento. The Phar- 
maeopoeial name || of the unripe berries 
of the Euge'nkxpimen'ta; otherwise called 
the Myr'tus pimen'ta. 
Pim-pl-nel'la.® A Linnaean genus 
of the class Pentandria, natural order 
Umbelliferx, or Apiacese. 
Pimpinel'la A-ni'sum.* The 
systematic name of the plant commonly 
known as Anise; otherwise called Ani'- 
8um vulga're. 
Pimple. See Papula. 
Pin and Well. An old popular 
name for an opacity of the cornea. See 
Albugo, and Leucoma. 
Pinacese,* pi-na'she-e. [From Pi'- 
nus, one of the genera.] A synonym of 
a natural order of plants. See Conif- 
er.®. 
Pinch'becU. An alloy of copper, 
brass, and zinc, made in imitation of 
421 gold. It is sometimes called tom'bac, or 
sim'i lor. 
Plnck-ne'ya Pn'bens.* The plant 
•which produces the Georgia Bark, 
which see. 
Pine. See Pinus. 
Pin'e-al. [Pinea'Iis; from Pi'nea, 
a “pine-tree.”] Belonging to, or like 
the fruit of, a pine-tree. 
Pin'eal tdanil. [t'oiia’riiiin.] A 
small substance, about the size of a pea, 
situated above the tuber' eula quadrigem'- 
ina of the brain. Descartes supposed it 
the seat of the soul. 
Pin-guec'u-la.* [From pin’guts, 
“fat.”] A tumor near the edge of thecor- 
nea, apparently, but not really, adipose. 
Pin-gued'1-nous. [Pinguedino'- 
siis; frompingue'do,pingued'inis, “ lat.”] 
Fatty; greasy; unctuous. 
Pin-gue'do,* gen. Pin-gued'I-nis. 
Another term for “fat.” See Adeps. 
Pin-gue-fo'll-us.* [From pin'guis, 
“fat,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
thick and fleshy leaves. 
Pi'nic. [Pin'lcus; from Pi'nus, 
the “pine-tree.”] Belonging to the pine 
or fir tree. Applied to an acid. 
Pin-I-fo'li-us.* [From Pi'nus, the 
“pine-tree,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having linear or coriaceous leaves, like 
those of the fir. 
Pink I»ye. A dye made by mace- 
rating safflower and carbonate of potash 
in spirit of wine and water, and then 
adding distilled water, or lemon-juice. 
Pink Rout, One of the common 
names of Spige'lia Martian'dica. 
Pin'na.* (Literally, a “wing,” or 
“ feather.”) The ala, or lower cartilage 
of either side of the nose. Also, the 
broad portion of the external ear. In 
Botany, one of the primary divisions of 
a pinnately-compound leaf. Also, the 
fin of a fish. 
Pin'nate, or Pin'nat-ed. [Pinna1- 
ius; from pin'na, a “ feather.”] Feather- 
shaped. This term is applied to a com- 
pound leaf with several pairs of leaflets 
arranged along the sides of a common 
petiole. 
Pinnately-Parted. See Pennati- 
PARTITUS. 
Pin-nate'ly-Velned. [Pennive'- 
nius.] Having veins all proceeding from 
a midrib; feather-veined. Applied to 
leaves. 
Pin-nat'i-fid. [Pinnatif idus; 
from pin'na, a “feather,” and fin'do, to 
“cleave.”] Pinnately-cleft, as feather- 
veined leaves which are marked with 
PIN 
sinuses or incisions reaching nearly half- 
way to the midrib. 
Pin-nat'i-pes, p'ecfis.* [From pin- 
na'tux, “feathered,” and pen, a “foot.”] 
Having the toes bordered by membranes: 
pinnatipede. Applied to certain birds. 
Pinnatisect. See Pennatisected. 
l’iimatus. See Pinnate. 
Pin'nii-late. [Pinnula'tus; from 
pin'nula.~\ Subdivided into leaflets. In 
Ichthyology, having small tins. 
Pin'nule. [Pin'nula; diminutive of 
pin'na, a “fin,” or “pinion.”] A little 
leaflet; the secondary division of a pin- 
nately-compound leaf. Also, a little fin. 
Pint. [Lat. Octa'rius; Fr. Piute, 
paxT.] A liquid measure containing six- 
teen fluidounces, the eighth part of a 
gallon. 
Pin'ta.* Blue stain. A disease which 
prevails in Mexico, and which appears 
to be a variety of Pityriasis nigra. 
Pi'mis.* [Gr. iriVi’f.] A Linnaean 
genus of trees of the class Monoecia, 
natural order Coniferte. 
Pi'nus A'bi-eS.® The spruce fir- 
tree, the tops of which are used for 
making spruce beer. 
Pi' nils B&l-sa'me-a,® The tree 
which affords Canadian balsam. 
Pi'rnis I.a'rix,* otherwise called 
La'rix Eu-ro-psc'it,* and A'bi-es 
rix.* (Fr. Melite, mAlez' or nuVlAz'.) 
The larch-tree, from which is obtained 
the Venice turpentine. 
Pi'nus Pa-lus'tris.* (“Swamp 
Pine.”) One of the trees from which 
turpentine is obtained. 
Pi'nus Pi’ce-a.* (“Pitch Pine.”) 
The silver fir, from which the Strasburg 
turpentine is obtained. 
Pi'nus Pi-nas'ter.* The Pinaster, 
or cluster pine, a tree which yields Bor- 
deaux turpentine, galipot, tar, and pitch. 
Pi'nus Syl-ves'tris.* (“Forest 
Pine.”) The Scotch fir-tree, which yields 
the common turpentine, white and yel- 
low resin, tar, or common pitch. 
Pi'per, eris.* Black Pepper. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || for the berries 
of Piper nigrum. 
Pi'per Al'bum.* (“White Pepper.”) 
It is obtained from the same tree as is 
black pepper. Also called Leucopiper. 
White pepper is the ripe berry deprived 
of its skin. It is less active than black 
pepper, and is little used. See Piper 
Nigrum. 
Pi'per Ar-o-mat'i-cnm.® (“Aro- 
matic Pepper.”) A name for the Piper 
nigrum. 
PIP 
422 PIP 
PIT 
Pi'per Itra-sil-i-ainnn.® (“Bra- 
zilian Pepper.”) The produce of the 
Capsicum anuuum. 
Pi'per Cu-be'ba.® The plant the 
dried fruit or berries of which are termed 
cubebs. See Ciibeba. 
Pi'per <»uiii-e-en'se,* Pi'per 91 is- 
pan i-ciuii, or Pi'per In'di-cum. 
(“Guinea Pepper,” “Spanish Pepper,” 
or “ Indian Pepper.”) The produce of 
the Capsicum annuum. 
Pi 'per (“Jamaica 
Pepper.”) The Myrtus pimenta, or all- 
spice. 
Pi'per Lon'gum.® (“Long Pep- 
per.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
and Ed. Ph.) for the immature fruit, or 
dried spikes, of long pepper. 
Pi'per Me-thys'tl-cum* [from 
fieOvco, to “ be intoxicated.”] The Ava (or 
Cava) plant of the Sandwich Islands. 
An intoxicating drink is obtained from 
its roots. 
Pi'per >'i'grum.: (“Black Pep- 
per.”) The Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. 
and Ed. Ph.) for the dried unripe ber- 
ries of black pepper. 
Piperacea;,* pip-e-ra'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants (shrubs or 
herbs), found in the hotter parts of the 
world. They are generally pungent 
aromatics, and in some eases powerful 
narcotics. It includes Pi'per ni'grum 
(Black Pepper). 
Pip-e-ra'ceous. [Pipera'ceus; 
from pi'per, “pepper.”] Belonging to 
the genus Piper. 
Pip'e-rin. [Piperi'na; from pi'per, 
“pepper.”] A fatty resinous substance, 
the active principle of black pepper. 
Pis'ses.* Fishes: the name of the 
fourth great subdivision of vertebrate 
animals, or the class of fishes, character- 
ized by a branchial respiration, a biloc- 
ular heart, and a covering of scales. 
ris-(,i(l i-a Er-y-thri'na,® Jamai- 
ca Dogwood. A West Indian tree, of 
the Linnaean class Diadelphia, natural 
order Leguminosse. A tincture of the 
bark is powerfully narcotic and diapho- 
retic, and is used for removing the pain 
of carious teeth. 
Pis-£iv'o-rons. [Piseiv'orus; from 
pis'eis, a “fish,” and eo'-ro, to “devour.”] 
Fish-devouring; synonymous with Ich- 
thyophagous. 
Pis-I-for'mis.® [From joi'sum, a 
••pea.”] Resembling a pea: pi'siform. 
Pis mire. The Formica rufa. 
Pistacia,* pis-ta'she-a. [Gr. mo-ruma.] 
The fruit of the pistachio-tree. A Lin- 
nsean genus of the class Dtutcia, natural 
order Terebinthacese, or Anacardiacese. 
Pista'cia Len-tis'cus.* The shrub 
which yields mastic, or inastick. See 
Mastic. 
Pista'cia Tor-e-bin'thus.; The 
tree which yields Chian or Cyprus tur- 
pentine. 
Pista'cia Ve'ra.* (“True Pistacia.”) 
A tree which yields the pistacia-nut and 
a fixed oil, which is used to form an ex- 
cellent emulsion in irritation of the ure- 
thra. 
Pistiaceae,® pis-te-a'she-e. [From 
Pin'tin, one of the genera.] A synonym 
of a natural order of plants. See Lem- 
nace.«. 
Pis'til. [Pistil'lum: from pin’so, 
pis'turn, to “bray,” or “bruise.”] Lite- 
rally, a “ pestleso named from the 
resemblance in form. A pointal; the fe- 
male organ of generation in plants; the 
ovule-bearing organ of a flower. The 
pistils and stamens are the essential or- 
gans of a flower. 
Pis-til-la'ris.* [From pistil’lum, a 
“pistil.”] Pertaining to a pistil. 
Pas'til-late. [From the same.] Fur- 
nished with pistils, or with pistils only. 
Pis-tll-lif'er-ous. [Pisiillif'crus; 
from pistil'lum, a “pistil,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or having pistils. 
Pis-til'll-lorm. [ Pistillifor'mis; 
from pistil'lum, a “pestle.”] Having 
the form of a pestle. 
Pls-til'lnm.* A pestle; also, the 
same as Pistil, which see. 
Pl'smn.® (Fr. Pais, pwA) The pea. 
A Linnman genus of the class Diadelphia, 
natural order Leguminosse. 
Pit. The depression made by the 
pressure of the finger on any part of the 
body in an cedematous state. Also ap- 
plied to the cavities or depressions left 
on the skin after a severe attack of the 
small-pox. 
Pit of the Stom ach. [Scrobic'- 
ultis Cor'dis.] The hollow part over 
the region of the stomach, and between 
the cartilages of the false ribs. 
Pitch. See Pix. 
Pitch, Jew’s. A name for Asgrhal- 
tum, or Bitumen Judaicum. 
Pitch-Tree. See Pinus. 
Pitch'er Plant. A plant of which 
the petiole is dilated and hollowed out 
like a pitcher, the lamina (or blade of the 
leaf) being articulated to it and closing 
the orifice. The pitcher is called ascid'- 
ium, and the lid oper'eulurn. An example 
is found in the Nepenthes. 
423 Pitclier-Shaped. See Ascidiate, 
and Urceolate. 
Pith. [Medul'la.] The soft, spongy 
cellular tissue constituting the central 
portion of an exogenous stem or branch. 
Pit'ta-cal. [From itiTra, “pitch,” and 
ko\o;, “ beautiful.”] A beautiful blue color- 
ing matter discovered in the oil of tar. 
Pit'ted Tis'sue. A name of a modi- 
fication of cellular vegetable tissue, hav- 
ing its sides marked by pits sunk in the 
substance of the membrane. 
Pittosporacea;,':S'pit-to-spo-ra'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants 
(trees or shrubs), mostly natives of Aus- 
tralia. It includes the Pittas'ponim. 
Pit-u-i'ta.* [From irfrrru>, or -mam, to 
“ congeal.”] Phlegm; viscid and gluti- 
nous mucus. 
Pil-u'i-ta-ry. [Pituita'rius; from 
pilui'ta, “phlegm.”] Belonging to 
phlegm. 
Pituitary Body. See Pituitary 
Gland. 
Pitu'itary Gland. The small glan- 
dular body which rests on the Sella Tur- 
cica. Its functions are unknown. 
Pitu'itary Mem'brane. The 
Schneiderian Membrane, which see. 
pit-y-ri'a-sis.* [From mrvpa, “ scurf,” 
or “dandriff.”] A skin-disease in which 
irregular patches of small thin scales re- 
peatedly form and separate, unattended 
with inflammation, and never collecting 
into crusts. A genus of the order 
Squamie of Willan’s classification. 
Pix,® gen. Pi'cis. [From ■aiaaa, 
“pitch.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
(Lond. Ph., 1851) for a dry bitumen 
prepared from liquid pitch ; black pitch. 
Pix Ar'I-da.® (“ Dry Pitch.”) The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for pitch 
from various species of Pinas abies. 
Pix Bur-gun'di-ca.® (“Burgundy 
Pitch.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
a concrete resinous exudation from the 
Abies excelsa. 
Pix Can-a-den'sis® (“ Canada 
Pitch”), or Heiu'lork Pitch. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
prepared concrete juice of the Abies 
Canadensis. 
Pix Idq'ul»da.* (“Liquid Pitch.”) 
Tar. The Pharmacopoeial name || of 
tar, obtained from the Pinus palustris, 
the P. sylvestris, and various other spe- 
cies of Pinas and Abies. 
Pix Ni'gra.* (“ Black Pitch.”) Com- 
mon pitch; inspissated tar. 
Pla-ce'l»o.® [The future tense of 
pla'ceo, to “please,” or “soothe.”] “I 
PIT 
will please, or soothe.” Applied to a 
medicine given rather to please than 
benefit the patient. 
Pla-cen'ta.® [FronurXavoSf, a “cake.”] 
A circular, flat, vascular, flesh-like sub- 
stance in the impregnated uterus, form- 
ing the principal medium by which the 
communication is preserved between the 
mother and child. In Botany, that por- 
tion of the ovary to which the ovules or 
seeds are attached. 
Placcn'ta I’ra’ vt-a [from pree'- 
vius, “going before,” or “foremost”]. 
Applied to those obstetrical cases in 
which the placenta is situated internally 
over the mouth of the womb, often 
proving a cause of excessive haemor- 
rhage. 
Pia-cen'tse,® the plural of Placenta, 
which see. 
Placcntseformis. See Placenti- 
FORM. 
Pla-cen'tal. [Placenta'lis.] Be- 
longing to the placenta*, 
Pla-cen-ta'rl-uin.* The same as 
the Placenta (of plants), which see. 
[Placenta'tio, 
o'nix; from placcn'ta, a “cake.”] The 
manner in which the seeds are attached 
to the pericarp; the arrangement of 
placentae. 
Pla-c«u'ti-form. [Plaeentifor'- 
inis; from placen'ta, a “cake.”] Re- 
sembling a cake; nearly the same as 
quoit-shaped. 
Pla$-en-ti'tis, id is* [Prom pla- 
cen'ta, a “cake.”] Inflammation of the 
placenta. 
Pla-cen'tu-la.® [Diminutive of pla- 
cen'ta.] A little placenta: a plaeen- 
tule. 
Plad-a-ro'sis.* [Prom irXadapos, “ wet,” 
or “soft.”] A fungous and flaccid tu- 
mor within the eyelid. 
Plague. See Pestis. 
Plaited. See Plicate. 
Plane. [From pla’nus, “smooth,” 
“flat,” or “plane.”] A plain surface, all 
the points of which lie even between its 
bounding lines. 
Plan'et. [Plane'ta; from tr\avi\rr\ 
“wandering.”] A star or heavenly body 
which, with a telescope of sufficient 
power, exhibits a round and well-defined 
disk, and revolves around the sun in an 
elliptic orbit. The planets are so named 
because they are constantly changing 
their apparent position in relation to the 
fixed stars, among which they seem td 
wander. 
Plan'c-ta-ry. [Plancta'rius; from 
PLA 
424 PLA 
PLA 
plane'ta, a “planet.”] Belonging to 
planets. 
Pla-net'ic. [Planet'icus; from 
plane'ta, a “planet.”] Belonging to a 
planet; wandering; erratic. 
Plan-I-flo'rus.® [From pla'nus, 
“flat,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
flat flowers: planiflo'rate. 
Plan-I-fo'li-ous. [Plant folia’tus; 
from pla'nus, “flat,” or “plane,” and 
fo’Hum, a “leaf.”] Having flat or plane 
leaves. 
Pla-no'di-a.® [From irXavaopat, to 
“wander,” and d&k, a “way.”] A false 
passage, as is sometimes made in stricture 
of the urethra by a bougie, sound, or 
catheter. 
Plan'ta.* The inferior surface or 
sole of the foot. Also, a plant, or vege- 
table. 
Plantaginacese,® plan-taj-e-na'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
herbaceous plants, found in all parts of 
the world. It includes Planta'go (Plan- 
tain, or Ribwort). 
Plan'tar. [Planta'ris; from plan'- 
ta, the “sole of the foot.”] Belonging 
to the sole of the foot. 
Plan-ta'ris.® [See Plantar.] The 
name of a muscle arising from the ex- 
ternal condyle of the femur, and inserted 
into the inside of the os calcis. It ex- 
tends the foot. 
Plan'tl-grade. [Plantig-'radus; 
from plan'ta, the “sole of the foot,” and 
gra'dior, to “go,” or “walk.”] Applied 
to Man and certain other mammalia that 
walk on the sole of the foot. 
Plan-t tv'o-rous. [Plantiv'orus; 
from plan'ta, a “plant,” and vo'ro, to 
“devour.”] The same as Piiytivorous. 
Pla-nu'rl-a.® [From nXavaoyai, to 
“wander,” and ovpov, the “urine.”] The 
discharge of urine through an unusual 
or unnatural passage : plan'ury. 
Pla'nus.® Flat, or level. Applied 
to the orbital portion (Os planum) of the 
ethmoid bone. 
Plas'ma, ahs.® [From vXaowcj, to 
“form.”] A tenacious, plastic liquid, 
forming the coagulating portion of the 
blood; that in which the blood-corpuscles 
float; the Liquor sanguinis. 
Plaster. See Emplastrum. 
Plas'terof Par'is. A common name 
for gypsum, or sulphate of lime: so 
called from its having been originally 
procured from Mont Martre, in the im- 
mediate vicinity of Paris. 
Plas'tic. [Plas ticus; from vXaaaw, 
to “form.”] Forming, or having power 
to form. Also, capable of being formed 
or moulded as clay. 
Plas-ti{'I-ty. [Plastiy'itas. a 'tit; 
from plus'ticus, ‘'plastic.”] The quality 
of being plastic. 
Platanacese,® plat-a-na'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, natives of North America, Bar- 
bary, and the Levant. It consists of one 
genus, the Plat'anus, several species of 
which are cultivated for their noble ap- 
pearance. They are known as the Plane- 
tree, Sycamore, or Buttonwood. 
Pla-tei-as'ma,® or Pla-tl-as'mus.® 
[From 7r\ar!>s, “broad.”] A defect in 
speech characterized by the vulgar term 
“blobber-lipped,” and observed in per- 
sons with very thick and broad lips. 
Platina. See Platinum. 
Plat'i-natc. [Plati'nas, a'hs.] A 
combination in which platinic oxide acts 
the part of an acid. 
Pla-tin'ic. [Platin'iciis.] Be- 
longing to platinum. 
Plat'I-num,*or Plat'I-na.® [Span- 
ish diminutive of pla'ta, “silver;” Fr. 
Platine, plAt£n', or Petit Argent, peh-tA 
taii'zhoN®'.] A valuable, rare, and exceed- 
ingly ductile metal, which is the heaviest 
substance known. Its specific gravity is 
21.5. It undergoes no change from air 
or moisture, and is not soluble in any of 
the pure acids. It may, however, be dis- 
solved by nitro-muriatic acid. In color 
it resembles silver. 
Plat'inum, Spoil'gy, has the re- 
markable property of being ignited by 
contact with hydrogen gas. 
Plat-y-ear'pous. [Platycar'pus ; 
from nXarvs, “ broad,” and Ka/mog, “fruit.”] 
Having broad fruit. 
Plat-y-^epli 'a-Ions. [ Platyceph'- 
altis; from rrXarvg, “broad,” and nupoXfi, 
the “head.”] Having a flat or broad 
head. Applied to a species of mush- 
rooms ; also to certain animals. 
Plat-y-glos'sus.® [From jrXarfis, 
“broad,” and yX'oma, the “tongue.”] 
Having a broad tongue. The Heliopsis 
platyglossa has the corols of its corona 
prolonged into a very broad tongue. 
Pla-tjl'o-bus.® [From rrXarig, 
“broad,” and XdSog, a “lobe.”] Having 
broad lobes or segments. 
Plat-y-lo'mus.* [From irXarvg, 
“broad,” and Xti/ta, a “frame or edge.”] 
Having broadly margined leaves. 
Plat'y-pes, p’edis.% [From nXarvg, 
“broad,” and pes, a “foot.”] Having 
the foot or stipes dilated at its base. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
425 Plat-y«i»et'a-lus.® [From irXarvi, 
“broad,” and nbaXov, a “petal.”] Having 
broad petals : platypetalous. 
Plai-y-pIiy’I'lu**.* [From TrXarvs, 
“broad,” and <pv\Xor, a “leaf.”] Having 
broad leaves: platyphyllous. 
IMat-y’-siri-quus.® [From TrXarvs, 
“broad,” and sil'iqua, a “pod.”] Having 
flat, broad siliques. 
PlQ-tjhs'ma, a tis* [Gr. nXdrmpa, a 
“ broad sheetfrom ttXutvsoj, to “ dilate.”] 
An expansion, or dilatation. 
Platys'ma My-otleS. 5 The broad, 
thin, subcutaneous muscle on the side of 
the neck. 
Pled'£et. (Fr. Plumaceau, plu'mfi,\so'.) 
A small compress or piece of lint rolled 
up into an oval or orbicular form. 
Pleioccne. See Pliocene. 
Plel-o-phj'Tlus.* [From nXclwr, 
“more,” “many,” and <pvXXov, a “leaf.”] 
Bearing a great number of leaves. 
[From nXeioro;, 
“ most,” and <aw6s, “ recent.”] The most 
recent or uppermost of the tertiary strata, 
containing the largest proportion of re- 
cent (or living) species of shells. 
PlencU's So-Iu'tion. Mercury sus- 
pended in water by being rubbed for a 
considerable time with gum arabic. 
Plen. riv. = Pie’no ri'vo.* “ In a full 
stream.” 
Ple'o-naSm. [Pleoiias'mus; from 
TTXrorarrpds, a “magnifying,”or “exaggera- 
tion.”] A faulty formation, with an over- 
growth, or over-number, of parts. Also, 
a redundant phrase. 
Ple-o-nec'tl-cus.* Belonging to 
pleonexia. Applied to a form of in- 
sanity. 
Ple-o-nex'I-a.® [Gr. rrXceve\ia, 
“ greediness.”] Greediness, grasping 
selfishness, overbearing temper or arro- 
gance, regarded as mental disease. 
Plc-sl-o-mor'plious. [Pleslo- 
mor'plius; from irXijaio;, “near,” and 
popl>n, “form.”] Nearly of the same 
form. 
Ples'ser. [From nXiicnTcj, to “ strike.”] 
The same as Plexor. 
Ples-sim'e-ter. [From irXnaaw, to 
“strike,” and ptrpoj, a “measure.”] The 
same as Pleximeter, which see. 
Ple-tho'ra* or pleth'o-ra. [From 
vXn9m, to “be full.”] Excessive fulness 
of the vessels; repletion; also, a fulness 
or plumpness of body. 
Ple-tliftr'ie. [Piethor'icHS.] Re- 
lating to plethora; full of blood. 
Pleu'ra.* [Gr. trXtnpd, the “side,” 
also, a “ rib;” Fr. Pile re, plevn or pl&vR.] 
PLA 
A serous membrane, divided into two 
portions by the mediastinum, lining the 
right and left cavities of the thorax, and 
by its continuation reflected over each 
lung. 
Pleu'ra <»s-tulis. Pleu'ra Pa* 
ri-e-ta'lis.* That portion of the pleura 
which lines the ribs or parietes of the 
thorax. 
Pleu'ra Pul-mo-na'lis.* (“ Pleura 
of the Lungs.”) That portion of the 
pleura which invests the lungs. 
Pleu'ral. The same as Pleuric, 
which see. 
Pleu-r&l'g'I-a.* [From irXevpa, the 
“side,” or “rib,” and aXyo;, “pain.”] 
Pain in the pleura, or side: pleuralgy. 
See Pleurodynia. 
Pleu-ra-po-i»hys'I-al. [Pleura- 
pophysia'lis.] Belonging to pleura- 
paphysis. 
Pleu-ra-poph y-sis. [From wXcopti, 
the “ side,” or “ rib,” and dimrjivto, to “ be 
born from.”] Applied by Owen to the 
homologucs of the costal process, or late- 
ral part on each side of a vertebra. 
Plen-rsj-pos-te'nia, atis.* [From 
pleu'ra, and dirdarriya, an “ aposteme.”] 
An aposteme, or abscess, in the pleura. 
Pleu-rar-1 liroe'a-ee.* [From p/eu- 
rar'tliron, and Kanos, “evil.”] Caries of a 
rib-joint. 
Pleu-rar'thron,* or Pleu-rar'- 
thruiu.* [From rrXevpd, the “side,” or 
“rib,” and apQpor, a “joint.”] The articu- 
lation of a rib. 
Pleii-ren'eliy-nia.'* [From irXzrpa, 
the “ side,” and l!yxnpa, any thing 
poured in, an “infusion.”] A term ap- 
plied by Lindley to woody tissue, or 
Woody Fibre, which see. 
See Pleurisy. 
Pleu'ric. [Pleu'rieus.] Belong- 
ing to the pleura, etc. 
Pleu'ri-sy. The same as Pleuritis, 
which see. 
Pleii-rit'ic. [Pleurit'ieus.] Be- 
longing to pleuritis, or pleurisy. 
Pleu-ri'tis, id is* [From pleu'ra.] 
(Fr. Pleuresie, pliih'rsFz6'.) Inflamma- 
tion of the pleura: pleu'risy. 
Pleu-ro-ear'ims,® or Pleii-ro-ear'- 
pe-us.:f [From irXevpa, the “side,” and 
Kapndf, “fruit.”] Applied in the plural 
masculine (Pleurocar'pi) to a division of 
the Mu set Calypteratre, in which the fruit 
is lateral upon the stem or branches. 
Pleii-ro-tlyn'I-a.® [From nXtnpd, the 
“side,” and dhvvp, “pain.”] External 
(rheumatic) pain in the side. 
Pleii-ro-iiec'les.* [From nXcvpa, and 
PLE 
426 vrtKrrK, a “swimmer.”] Literally, “swim- 
ming on the side.” Applied to the sole 
fish. 
Pleuronec'tes Ko'le-a.® The sys- 
tematic name of the sole. 
PIeu-ror-r!i«* a. [From xXevpd, and 
pi(i), to “flow.”] An exudation from, or 
collection of fluid within, the pleura. 
Pleii-ror-tliop-iice'si.* [From 
pleu'ra, op9os, “upright,” and m/eo, to 
“breathe.”] A term for Pleuritis, in 
which the patient can only breathe when 
sitting erect. 
k'ioii-ro-sjnis iHUN. [From irXr.vpd, 
the “side,” and anacpos, a “spasm.”] 
Cramp in the side: pleu'rospasm. 
Pleu-ro-tliot'o-nos.* [From x\ev- 
po<ki>, “ from the side,” and rtivw, to 
“bend.”] Bent or stretched from one 
side. Applied to a variety of Tetanus. 
PICvre, plevR, or Pleure, pliR. The 
French term for Pleura, which see. 
Plex-f in'e-ter. [Plexim'etrum; 
from a “stroke,” and pir/ov, a 
“measure.”] A flat piece of ivory, or a 
circular piece of sole-leather, by means of 
which mediate percussion is performed. 
See Percussion. 
Plex-i-inet' ri e. [ Pleximet' ricus.] 
Belonging to the pleximeter. 
Plexioiuetruni. See Pleximeter. 
Plex'us.'* [From plec'to,plex'um, to 
“knit,” or “weave.”] (Fr. Lads, l&'sd'.) 
A network. The intertwining and inter- 
crossing of the vessels and nerves of the 
system, but more especially of the latter. 
Plexus Axillaris. See Axillary 
Plexus. 
Plexus Cardiacus. See Cardiac 
Plexus. 
Plexus Oioroides. See Choroid 
Plexus. 
Plex'us Paui-pin-i-for'mis.* The 
plexus of blood-vessels about the sper- 
matic cord. Also termed Corpus pam- 
piniforme, or “tendril-like body.” See 
Pampiniform. 
Plex'us Pul-nion'I-cns.* (“ Pul- 
monic Plexus.”) Formed by the union 
of the eighth pair of nerves with the 
great sympathetic. 
Plex'us Ke-tic-n-la'ris.* The net- 
work of vessels situated below the For- 
nix of the brain. 
Plexus Solaris. See Solar Plexus. 
Pli'ca.* [From pli’co, to “plait.”] 
Knitted or plaited hair. A disease in 
which the hair becomes inextricably 
knitted and glued together. Also termed 
Trichoma, Trichia, Trichiasis. 
Pli'ca Po-lon'I-ca.* (“Polish Plica.”) 
PLE 
Another name for the disease termed 
plica, because prevalent in Poland. 
I’lica fteui-I-lu-naris.* [From 
sem'i, “half,” and lu'na, a “moon.”] A 
slight duplicature of the conjunctiva on 
the outer side of the carwncula lachry- 
malis; the rudiment of the third lid 
of animals. More fully developed, it 
becomes the membra'na nic'titans of 
birds. 
Pli'cate. [Plica'tus; from pli'ca, 
plica'turn, to “ plait,” or “ knit.”] Folded; 
plaited. 
Pli$-I-den'tIne. [From pli'ca, a 
“fold,” and dens, den'tin, a “tooth.”] A 
modification of the fundamental tissue 
of teeth, in which, on a transverse sec- 
tion, the dentine exhibits sinuous wavings 
diverging from the central pulp-cavity 
of the tooth. 
Pli-fif'er-ons. [Plieif'erns; from 
pli'ca, a “plait,” a “fold,” and fe'ro, to 
“hear.”] Bearing or having folds. Ap- 
plied to parts of plants. 
Pli’o-tene. [From irXciiov, “more,” 
and Kawos, “recent.”] A geological term 
applied to the most modern of the divi- 
sions of the tertiary epoch, because the 
greater part of its fossil Testacea are 
referable to recent species. 
Plo-ca'ri-a Can tli-da.® Ceylon 
Moss ; an algaceous plant, abounding in 
mucilage and starch3r matter, and yield- 
ing a decoction and a jelly employed in 
pharmacy. 
Plomb, pl6s8. The French term for 
Lead, which see. 
Plugging. A term for the operation 
of filling the cavity in a carious tooth, ip 
order to exclude the air, and thus pre- 
vent toothache. Also applied to the ope- 
ration of inserting pieces of rag, sponge, 
or the like, into the vagina, in cases of 
severe uterine hajmorrhage, to act as a 
plug for preventing the farther escape of 
blood, so that the coagula then formed 
will mechanically and effectually stop 
the mouths of the bleeding vessels. See 
Tampon. Applied also to an analogous 
operation on the nostrils, in epistaxis. 
Plum, j Pru'imiri.] The fruit of 
the Prumis domestica; when dried and 
preserved, it is called a Prune, or French 
plum. 
Plumacean, plii'mU'so'. The French 
term for Pledget, which see. 
Plumbaginaceae,* plum-baj-e-na'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
plants, found in many temperate, cold, 
and tropical regions. It includes Pbini- 
' ba'i/o, and Slat'ice, which is a powerful 
° A OtT 
FLU 
427 PLU 
PLU 
astringent. Some species are extremely 
caustic. 
Plum-ba'go."* Graphite, or black 
lead. A combination of carbon with a 
minute quantity of iron, used in forming 
lead-pencils, and for a variety of other 
purposes. 
Plum'bate. [Plum'bas, a'iis.] A 
combination of plumbic oxide with an- 
other oxide, with regard to which it 
acts the part of an acid. 
Plum'bl (“Acetate of 
Lead”), or Su'gar of liCad. The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for a substance in 
colorless crystals which effloresce on ex- 
posure to the air. It is dissolved by dis- 
tilled water with a slight turbidness, 
which is removed by the addition of dis- 
tilled vinegar. Acetate of lead, in me- 
dicinal doses, is a powerful astringent 
and sedative, and is often given in hiem- 
orrhages and in diarrhoea, with the most 
beneficial results. In over-doses, however, 
it is an irritant poison. In minute doses 
long continued, it sometimes produces 
lead colic (colica pictonum) and a spe- 
cies of paralysis, termed lead, jxilsy. 
Plum'bl Car-bo'na# (“Carbonate 
of Lead”), or White The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for a white substance 
in powder or pulverulent masses, insolu- 
ble in water, but soluble with efferves- 
cence in dilute nitric acid. It is used 
as an external application to excoriated 
and inflamed surfaces. See Poisons. 
Plum'bl Xi’tras.® (“Nitrate of 
Lead.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for 
a substance in white, nearly opaque, oc- 
tahedral crystals, permanent in the air, 
and of a sweet, astringent taste. It is 
soluble in cold water and in alcohol. It 
is used as a disinfectant, and as an ap- 
plication to putrid and indolent ulcers. 
Plum'bl Ox'i-ilum* (“ Oxide of 
Lead”), or Plum'bi Ox'iclum Sciii-1- 
vit're-um* (“Semi-vitreous Oxide of 
Lead”); also termed lith arge. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for a 
substance in small yellowish or orange- 
colored scales, insoluble in water, but 
almost wholly soluble, with slight effer- 
vescence, in dilute nitric acid. Litharge 
is used in the preparation of the Em- 
plastrum Plumbi, which forms the base 
of many other plasters. 
Plum'blc. [Plum'bicus; from 
plum’bum, “lead.”] Belonging to lead. 
Plum'blc A$'id. The same as per- 
oxide of lead. 
Plnm-bo'sus.® [From plum'bum, 
“lead.”] Leaden, or like lead. 
Plum'bum.* gen. Plum'bl. (Fr. 
Plomb, j)16n«.) The Latin term for Lead, 
which see. 
Plii'ml-form. [Plumifor'mis; 
from plu'ma, a “ feather.”] Like a plume, 
or feather. 
Plnm'mer'g Pills. The Pil'ulse 
Calomel'anos Compos'itie (“Compound 
Calomel Pills”) of the Pharmacopoeias. 
Plu-inose', or Plu'mous. [Plu- 
mo'sus; from plu'ma, a “feather.”] 
Having feathers, or resembling feathers; 
feathered. 
Plii'nmle. [Plu'mula; diminutive 
of plu'ma, a “feather.”] The bud or 
growing point of the embryo, above the 
cotyledons; the ascending axis of the 
embryo of a plant. See Gemmule. 
Plu-mu-li-for'mis.* [From plu'- 
mula, a “plumule.”] Having the ap- 
pearance of a small feather: plu'muli- 
form. 
Plu-rl-llo'rous. [Pluriflo'rus; 
from plu'res, “ more,” or “ many,” and 
flos, a “ flower.”] Having many, or 
several, flowers. 
Plu-ril'o-bus.* [F rompin' res,“more,” 
or “many,” and lo'bus, a “lobe.”] Formed 
of many lobes. 
Plu-ri-loc'u-lar. [Ploirilocula'- 
ris; from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” 
and loc'ulus, a “cell.”] Having many, 
or several, cells. Applied to the ovary 
of certain plants. 
Plu-rl-par'tite. [Pluriparti'tus; 
from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” and 
par'tio, parti’turn, to “divide.”] Ap- 
plied to a calyx when it presents many 
incisions extended almost to its base. 
Plu-ri-pef'a-lus.® [From plu'res, 
“more,” or “many,” and pet’alum, a 
“ petal.”] The same as Polypetalous, 
which see. 
Plu-rl-se'rl-ate. [Plnriseria'tus; 
from plu'res, “more,” or “many,” and 
se'ries, an “order,” or “row.”] Disposed 
in many rows. 
Plu-rl-v&l'vls.* [From plu'res, 
“more,” or “many,” and val'va, a 
“valve.”] Plu'rivalve. Applied to a 
capsule composed of many valves. 
Plu-to'nI-an. [Plutonia'nus; from 
Plu'to, Pluto'nis, the god of Ha'des, or 
the infernal regions.] A term applied 
to rocks of igneous formation, and to a 
theory proposed by Hutton, that unstrati- 
fied crystalline rocks were formed by 
igneous fusion. 
I*lu-ton'lc. [Pluton'icus; from 
the same.] The same as Plutonian. 
Plu'to-niSm. [Plutonis'mus; 
428 PLU 
PNE 
from the same.] A hypothesis which 
attributes to subterranean fires the con- 
stitution of \he principal beds, or, at 
least, of the crust, of the globe. The 
Plutonian theory of Geology, also called 
Huttonian theory. See Plutonian. 
Plu'vl-al. [Plnvia'lis; from plu'- 
via, “ rain.”] Pertaining to rain. 
Plu-vl-om'e-ter. [From plu'via, 
“rain,” andyhpov, a “measure.”] A rain- 
gauge : a vessel in which the rain is 
caught as it falls, and measured. 
Pneu-mar-thro'sis.* (Psilent, and 
so in all the subsequent words beginning 
with jon.) [From nveiya, “ air,” and iipdpov, 
a “joint.”] A secretion of air within the 
joints, which disappears spontaneously, 
and frequently in the course of a few days, 
and even a few hours. 
Pneu-mat'ic. [Pneiimat'icus; 
from nvevya, “air,” or “breath.”] Pertain- 
ing to air (or gas), or to pneumatics. 
Pneumat'ic 'frough. A trough of 
a particular construction, for collecting 
gases under water (or quicksilver), so as 
to exclude atmospheric air; also called 
Ilydropneumatic Trough : but this latter 
term is only applicable to a pneumatic 
trough with water,—not to one contain- 
ing quicksilver. 
Pneii-mat'I-ca.* [From pneumat'- 
iens, “pertaining to air, or respiration.”] 
The name of a class in Good's Nosology, 
comprising diseases of the respiratory 
function. 
Pneu-n»at'i-ci.* [Masculine plural 
of pneiimat'icus, “pneumatic.”] “Pneu- 
matic [Physicians].” A sect or school 
(founded by Athenaeus) who imagined 
that there existed an immaterial princi- 
ple or element, which they called pneuma, 
on which they conceived health and dis- 
ease to depend. 
I'lHMi-matifs. [Pneumat'ica; from 
nvevya, “air,” or “breath.”] The science 
which treats of the mechanical proper- 
ties of elastic fluids, and particularly of 
atmospheric air. 
Pneumatocele,* nu'ma-to-sel. [From 
nvevya, “air,” or “breath,” and KfjXi), a 
“tumor.”] Any kind of hernia filled 
with flatus. 
Pnefi nuy-to-elie1 inl-a.- [From 
nvevya, “ air,” or “ breath,” and che’mia, 
“chemistry.”] Pneumatic chemistry. 
That branch of chemistry which treats 
of airs or gases. 
Pneu'ma-to-ehem'i-cal. [Pneu- 
m a toe liens'ieiiN.j Belonging to pneu- 
matic chemistry. The pneumato-chemi- 
cal apparatus, invented by Priestley, is a 
tub full of water arranged so that it will 
permit of gases being easily collected. 
Pneu'ma-to-eIiy-mif'ei>us.*[From 
nvevya, “air,” or “breath,” x?’y<k, “juice,” 
or “sap,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Applied 
to the tracheae. of vegetables when com- 
posed of two tubes, the one straight and 
full of air, the other rolled into a spiral 
form and full of liquid. 
Pneu'ma-to-«Iysp-n«e'a.~* [Prom 
7ruevya, “air,” or “breath,” and dyspnoe'a, 
“difficult breathing.”] Emphysematous 
dyspnoea. 
Pneu-ma>tol'o-gy. [Pneumnto- 
lo'u'ia; from irrevya, “air,” “breath,” or 
“spirit,” and Xoyo,-, a “discourse.”] The 
science which treats of spirit or of spirit- 
ual substances. 
Pneu-ma-tom'e-ter. [Pneunia- 
tom'etrum; from nvevya, “breath,” and 
yerpov, a “measure.”] An instrument 
for measuring the quantity of air in- 
haled at a single inspiration. 
Pneu-ma-toph'o-rus.* [From nvev- 
ya, “air,” or “breath,” and ipepio, to 
“bear.”] Applied to tubes in plants, 
full of air, which is conducted to the 
ceritre of the Spiral tube of the trachea:. 
Pneu-ma-to'sis.* [From nvevyarixn, 
to “distend with wind.”] Windy swell- 
ing. A genus of the order Intumescen- 
tise, class Cachexia?, of Cullen's Nosology. 
Also termed Emphysema. 
Pnenmaiotlioivix. See Pneumo- 
thorax. 
Pneu-mo-gas'tric. [ I'iii'uiik- 
gas tricus: from nvcvycov, a “lung,” or 
the “lungs,” and yaarfip, the “belly,” 
or “stomach.”] Belonging to the lungs 
and stomach. 
I’nenmogas'tric Nerves. [Ner'vi 
Pncuinogas'tricl.] The par vaynm, 
or eighth pair of nerves, distributed to 
the lungs and the stomach. 
Pnen-mos’' ra-j»5ty. [Pneumo- 
gra'phia; from nvevywv, a “lung,” or 
the “ lungs,” and ypa<p<a, to “ write.”] An 
anatomical description of the lungs. 
I’nefi - mo - hsrni - or - rha’gi - a.* 
[From nvevywv, the “ lungs,” and hiemor- 
rka’yia, a “ haemorrhage.”] A term pro- 
posed by Andral to denote pulmonary 
apoplexy, the term apoplexy having been 
originally applied to a determinate group 
of symptoms, and not to any particular 
form of lesion. 
Pnen-mol'o-gy. [Pneuinolo'gia; 
from nvevyasv, the “lungs,” and Xdyoj, a 
“discourse.”] A treatise on the lungs; 
the science of the lungs. 
PneM-nio-nse'mi-a.* [From nvevymv, 
429 PNE 
POD 
the “lungs,” and alga, “blood.”] Con- 
gestion of blood in the lungs. 
Pueu-iMO-niUgl-a. [From -nvcvywv, 
the “lungs,” and uAyo,-, “pain.”] Pain 
of the lungs: pneumonal'gy. 
I*i»eu-n»«'ni-a.;“ [Gr. irrerporta, a 
“disease of the lungs;” Fr.Inflammation 
des ponmons, aN°'fl3,m'm5.'se-6N°' (hi poo’- 
in(W'.] Inflammation of the lungs. A 
genus of the order Phlegmasia, class 
Pyrexia, of Cullen’s Nosology. The 
symptoms of this disease are fever, ac- 
companied with pain in the thorax, 
which is aggravated by coughing, a 
quick and hard pulse, with more or less 
difficulty of breathing. 
Pneu-mon'lc. [From mevftojv, the 
“lungs.”] Belonging to the lungs; pul- 
monary. 
Pnen-mo-ni'tis, idis.* [From irwv- 
[itor, the “ lungs.”] Inflammation of the 
lungs; also termed pneumonia andjje/q- 
pneumonia. See Pneumonia. 
Pneii-mon-o-dy'ii'I-a.® [From m/ev- 
ywv, the “lungs,” and diver], “pain.”] 
Pain of the lungs. See Pneumonalgia. 
Piteft-moii-u'-do'ina. atis.* [From 
■Kvrvfx'ov, the “lungs,” and cede'ma(\ (Ede- 
ma, or dropsical condition, of the sub- 
stance of the lungs. 
Piiefi-mon-o-gHs'frl-eus.® The 
same as Pneuniogastricus. See Pneumo- 
gastric. 
Pneu-mo-nom'e-ter. [Pnenmo- 
iiom'etriiin.] The same as Pneuma- 
tometer, which see. 
Pneumo-Pbr-i-car'iIi-uni.® [From 
irvcvya, “air,” and irrpucapfito’, the “pericar- 
dium.”] A name applied to &n effusion 
of air into the cavity of the pericardium. 
Piieu-ino-llio niN.3 or Pneu-ina- 
to-tho'rax, a'cis.* [From m/tvpa, “ air,” 
or “ breath,” and O'pal, the “ chest.”] An 
accumulation of air in the chest, or 
thorax. 
Pock. A pustule of variola; also ap- 
plied to varicella, or the chicken-pox. 
Poc-B-la'ris.* [From poc’ulum, a 
“cup,” or “bowl.”] Belonging to a cup: 
poc'ular. See Sinus Pocularis. 
Poc'u-II-form. [Poculiforiuis; 
from poc'ulum, a “cup,” or “bowl.”] 
Having the form of a cup; deep cup- 
shaped. 
Poc'u-lnm. I)i-og'e-nis.® (“Cup 
of Diogenes.”) The hollow of the hand. 
See Diogenes’ Cup. 
Pod. A legume, follicle, or any sort 
of capsule. 
Pod 'a-jgra.* [From rovs, jro<5d>, the 
“foot,” and aypa, a “seizure.”} Gout in 
the joints of the foot. A genus of the 
order Phlegmasia, class Pyrexia, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. The following forms of 
this disease may be noticed. 
Reg'ujlar Gout. [Pod'agra (or Ar- 
thri'tis) Regula'ris.') Violent inflamma- 
tion, remaining for a few days, and 
gradually receding with swelling, itch- 
ing, and desquamation of the part. 
Aton'ic Gout. [Pod'agra (or Arthri'- 
tis) Aton'ica.] Accompanied with atony 
of the stomach, or other internal part, 
with the usual inflammation of the joints, 
or with slight and temporary pains; with 
dyspepsia and other symptoms of atony 
often alternating with each other. 
Ret'rograde Gout. [Pod'agra (or 
Arthri’tis) Retrog'rada.] Also termed 
IIe’trocedent Gout. Characterized by 
inflammation of the joints suddenly dis- 
appearing, and atony of some internal 
part immediately following. 
Aber'rant Gout. [Pod'agra Aber'- 
rans, or Arthri’tia Errat'ica.] Passing 
from one part to another, but usually 
attended with inflammation of some in- 
ternal organ. 
Po-dag'rlc. [Podag'ricus.] Be- 
longing to podagra. 
Po-dal'gl-a.* [From irov;, jroJdf, the 
“foot,” and ilXyo;, “pain.”] Pain in the 
foot, as from gout, rheumatism, or the 
like. 
Pod-a-nen-^e>plia'li-a.'% [From 
novs, toms, the “foot,” and anencepha'lia, 
“absence of brain.”} The condition of 
a monster-foetus without a brain, the 
cephalic extremity being supported by a 
pedicle. The term is also used for Pod- 
encephalia. 
Pod-ar-thri'tis., idis.* [From irovs, 
a “ foot,” and arthri'tisr “ inflammation 
of the joints.”] Inflammation of the 
joints of the foot. 
[From pod- 
eneeph'alus.\ A term for the condition 
of apodenceph'alus. 
Fod-en-cepli'a-lns.® [From vovs, a 
“foot,” and eyidpdXoz, the “brain.”] A 
monster-foetus, the brain of which, with- 
out a cranium, hangs by a pedicle. 
I’odetium,® po-de'slie-um. [Di- 
minutive of tzova “foot.”] The pecu- 
liar footstalk of the tubercles in cup- 
lichens. 
Pwl-o-ear'pus.® [From vovg, a 
“foot,” and sapxos, “fruit.”] Applied to 
a plant the ovary of which is borne upon 
a pedicel: a podoearp. 
Pod-o-?epI»'a-lus.* [From irovs, a 
“ foot,” and sepaXh,, the “ head.”] Hav- 
430 POD 
POI 
ing flowers united into heads: podo- 
cephalous. 
ait's.* [From novs, a 
“ foot,” and oede'ma, a “ swelling.”] 
(Edema of the feet. 
INxI-o-pliyl lin. [l’odojiliylli'na.] 
A resinous principle of a yellow (or yel- 
lowish) color, found in the root of the 
Podophyllum p>eltatnm. This is a medi- 
cine of great power, operating, in doses 
of from two to five grains, as a drastic 
purgative. In smaller doses it is said to 
act as an alterative and cholagogue. It 
is asserted by some of the Eclectics that, 
as a remedial agent, podophyllin may 
in all cases be substituted for mercury, 
and that in some instances it has even 
produced salivation. 
Pod-o-pliyITum.® The Pharma- 
copoeia! name || for the rhizoma of the 
Podophyllumpeltatum, or May-apple. It 
is an active and certain cathartic, re- 
sembling jalap in its operation. 
Po-dop'ter-ns.®" [From novf, a 
“foot,” and rrepor, a “wing.”] Having 
peduncles with expansions in the form 
of wings: podop'terous. 
J’wl'iKspcrni. [PiMkjspcr'ina, 
nfis; from ro%, a “ foot,” and anlpya, a 
“ seed.”] The stalk of a seed: the fu- 
niculus by which the ovule adheres to 
the placenta of a plant. 
Podo-stemaceay* po-dos-te-ma'- 
she-e. [From Podostc'mon, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous, 
aquatic, herbaceous plants, found in 
South America. 
Sfiobo-tiie Vij.* [From novs, nohes, a 
“ foot,” and Qi]sn, a “ receptacle.”] Ap- 
plied to a preparation of the cuticle of 
the foot. 
Pce-cil-I-a'nus.® [From notsiXo;, 
“many-colored,” “varied.”] Applied 
by Brongniart to rocks having varied or 
chequered coloration. 
Pee-cI-lop'o-dusA’ [From noociXos, 
“many-colored,” and novg, a “foot.”] 
Having dissimilar feet. Applied to an 
order of Crustacea. 
Poijgnet (Fr.), pw&n'yS,'. See Wrist. 
Poil, pw&l. The French term for 
Hair, which see. 
Poin'tal. Another name for Pistil. 
Pointed. See Acuminate. 
Pointing. The conical softish 
projection, of a light-yellow color, ob- 
servable in an abscess when nearly ripe. 
Pois, pwS,. The French name for 
“pea.” See Pisum. 
Poi’Son. [Lat. Tox'icum, cr Ye- 
ne'nuin ; Fr. Poison, pwAziW1'.] An 
animal, vegetable, or mineral substance 
which, when applied externally, or taken 
into the stomach, or circulatory system, 
operates such a change in the animal 
economy as to produce disease or death. 
These substances may be divided into 
two great classes, namely, Inorganic poi- 
sons, comprising those which exist native, 
as certain poisonous ores, gases, etc., and 
those which are produced by chemical 
operations,- and Organic poisons, or those 
which are the result of vital action in 
animals or plants. 
Viewed, however, with reference to 
their effect on the animal system, they 
may be arranged under the three fol- 
lowing heads:— 
1. Irritant poisons, or those which pro- 
duce irritation, or inflammation, as the 
mineral acids, oxalic acid, the caustic 
alkalies, antimony, arsenic, baryta, the 
salts of copper, some of the compounds 
of lead, nitrate of silver, the salts of 
zinc, cantharides, iodine, phosphorus, etc. 
A distinction is sometimes drawn between 
irritant and corrosive poisons; but the 
difference appears to be, at least in some 
cases, one of degree rather than'of kind. 
Thus, one of the more powerful mineral 
acids in a concentrated form, would be a 
corrosive poison, but in a diluted foim, 
only an irritant poison. 
2. Narcotic poisons, or such as pro- 
duce stupor or delirium, as opium, hyos- 
cyamus, etc. 
3. Sedative poisons, or those which di- 
rectly reduce the vital powers, as hydro- 
cyanic acid, cyanide of potassium, sul- 
phuretted hydrogen and other of the 
poisonous gases. 
4. Acro-narcotic and Acro-sedativepoi- 
sons, including those which produce some- 
times irritation, somethin s narcotism (or 
sedation), or both together. They are 
chiefly derived from the vegetable king- 
dom. Stramonium or belladonna will fur- 
nish an example of the acro-narcotic, and 
aconite of the acro-sedative, poisons. 
Treatment.—It is not deemed neces- 
sary to enter here into a minute consi- 
deration of the symptoms caused by the 
various kinds of poison. In fact, the 
symptoms produced by many different 
substances so nearly resemble each other 
that, without other data, they would 
be wholly insufficient for determining the 
character of the poison. But some as- 
sistance towards forming a correct diag- 
nosis will undoubtedly be furnished by a 
knowledge even of the general properties 
of the various poisons. With respect, 
431 however, to the more important articles 
of this class, such as the mineral acids, 
the caustic alkalies, arsenic, and several 
of the other metals, it has been deemed 
important to describe the most usual and 
characteristic symptoms. 
Acids.—Most of the mineral acids, as 
well as oxalic acid, are corrosive poi- 
sons : if taken into the stomach, they 
cause an extremely sour, acrid taste, 
with a sense of burning in the throat, 
and an excruciating burning pain in the 
stomach. The matter vomited causes 
effervescence with chalk, or other forms 
of carbonate of lime. The proper treat- 
ment in such cases is to administer chalk, 
or magnesia, made into a thin paste with 
water. In case these substances are not 
at hand, the plaster of the apartment 
may be beaten to powder and made into 
paste. As antidotes for nitric and oxalic 
acids, lime and magnesia only are ad- 
missible ; for acetic, citric, muriatic, sul- 
phuric, and tartaric acids, the carbonates 
of potash and soda may also be used. 
The effects of hydrocyanic (or prussic) 
acid are usually so rapid as to render 
medical treatment of no avail. When 
death does not follow instantaneously, 
cold affusions or a cold douche on the 
head will often prove extremely bene- 
ficial. Ammonia may also be adminis- 
tered with advantage. 
Alkalies.—In cases of poisoning with 
the caustic alkalies, there is an extremely 
harsh, acrid taste, with intense burning 
or smarting in the throat, caused by the 
destruction of its lining membrane, ac- 
companied with great difficulty or pain 
in swallowing. The matter vomited 
will turn vegetable blues to green, or 
turmeric to brown. The proper anti- 
dotes are the fluid fixed oils, as sweet 
oil, linseed oil, castor oil, etc., or the 
mild vegetable acids, as vinegar, lemon- 
juice, etc. 
Antimony.—-In cases of poisoning with 
the preparations of antimony, there is 
usually vomiting, which should be facili- 
tated, and rendered as free as possible, 
by copious draughts of warm or tepid 
water, or by tickling the fauces with 
one’s finger or with a feather, etc. This 
is to be followed by astringent drinks, 
such as the infusion of galls, oak bark, 
Peruvian bark, dogwood (Cornus Flo- 
rida). etc. 
Arsenic.—When any of the soluble com- 
pounds of arsenic have been taken, there 
is an intense burning pain in the sto- 
mach and bowels, accompanied by violent 
POI 
vomiting, a sense of dryness and tight- 
ness in the throat, with an incessant de- 
sire for drink. The eyes are red and 
sparkling, and the countenance ex- 
presses extreme suffering and anxiety. 
Frequently there are nervous tremors, 
and other symptoms showing that the 
nervous system is powerfully affected. 
In rare instances arsenic has been known 
to produce coma and other symptoms 
closely resembling narcotic poisoning. 
For the treatment of cases of poisoning 
with arsenious acid, the hydrated sesqui- 
oxide (or peroxide) of iron, made into a 
paste with water, is the best, if not the 
only efficient, antidote. But even this 
remedy has been found to be of little 
avail when the arsenic has been swal- 
lowed in a solid state. (See Arsenic.) 
Hydrate of magnesia has also been 
found useful, it is said, when the poison 
has been taken in solution. 
For Fowler’s Solution (Liquor araeni- 
calis), lime-water is a good antidote. In 
case the other preparations of arsenic 
have been taken, an emetic of sulphate 
of zinc should be administered, followed 
by a copious use of demulcent drinks, 
such as flaxseed or slippery-elm tea, 
milk, farinaceous decoctions, etc. 
Baryta.—The symptoms are similar 
to those produced by the corrosive 
metals. The sulphates of soda and 
magnesia are efficacious antidotes for 
the salts of baryta. 
Copper.—In cases of poisoning with 
the salts of copper (which are corrosive 
poisons), the best antidotes are the white 
of eggs and metallic iron (in the form 
of filings or raspings). Vinegar should 
be carefully avoided, as likely to dissolve 
the solid or insoluble compounds that 
may have been formed by the salts of 
copper with animal or vegetable sub- 
stances. 
Iron.—For poisoning with the sul- 
phate of iron (or copperas), carbonate of 
soda, and mucilaginous drinks, are the 
proper remedies. 
Lead.-—For the soluble salts of lead, 
such as the acetate (sugar of lead), the 
best antidotes are sulphate of mag- 
nesia (Epsom salts) and phosphate of 
soda. For lead in any form insoluble in 
water (white lead, for example), very 
dilute sulphuric acid should be adminis- 
tered. Strychnia has been recommended 
for paralysis resulting from lead. 
Mercury.—For the poisonous com- 
pounds of mercury (such as corrosive 
sublimate, the cyanide and nitrate of 
POI 
432 POI 
POI 
mercury, red and white precipitates, etc.), 
the white of eggs beaten up with water, 
or milk, should be promptly and freely 
given ; or, if these articles should not be 
at hand, flour made into a paste may 
be used as a substitute. 
Silver.—For nitrate of silver (or lunar 
caustic), common salt is an excellent an- 
tidote. 
Tin and Zinc.—For the poisonous 
compounds of tin and zinc, milk and the 
white of eggs will serve as antidotes. 
When the sulphate or acetate of zinc 
has been taken, vomiting should be pro- 
moted by plentiful draughts of warm 
water. 
Gases.—Among the other most import- 
ant inorganic poisons may be numbered 
the poisonous gases, including carbonic 
acid gas, carbonic oxide, carburetted and 
sulphuretted hydrogen, the vapor of 
ether, and chlorine. In cases of poison- 
ing with these, the best remedy is fresh 
air: if there should be stupor, cold affu- 
sions may be applied to the head, and 
the vital powers quickened by artificial 
respiration, and by the use of a galvanic 
apparatus. For the poisonous effects of 
carbonic acid gas, the inhalation of oxy- 
gen is the best antidote. A cautious in- 
halation of ammonia may prove useful 
in cases of poisoning with chlorine. 
For Iodine, the best antidote is starch; 
when this is not at hand, flour, which 
contains starch, may be substituted. 
The poisonous effects of creasote may 
he counteracted or mitigated by the 
prompt administration of albumen in 
some form. In cases of poisoning with 
phosphorus, the chief reliance must be on 
some prompt emetic, which should be 
followed by mucilaginous drinks. If the 
phosphorus should have been taken in 
a solid form, the fluid oils should be 
carefully avoided, on account of their 
solvent property. 
Organic Poisons.—Those found in 
the vegetable kingdom are to be treated 
according to their character. If vomit- 
ing has been produced by their action, 
this may be facilitated, or rendered 
more free, by plentiful draughts of 
warm water. But if the taking of the 
poison has been followed by insensi- 
bility, some active emetic, such as sul- 
phate of zinc, should be administered, or, 
in extreme cases, recourse must be had 
to the stomach-pump. In the case of 
opium, and similar narcotics, copious 
affusions of cold water on the head have 
sometimes proved of great advantage. 
A strong infusion of coffee has been 
found beneficial in counteracting the sub- 
sequent effects of an over-dose of opium. 
The remarkable antagonism existing be- 
tween belladonna and opium, has some- 
times, it is stated, been used with the 
greatest advantage, each having, in its 
turn, been made to act as an antidote to 
the other. In like manner, it is said, 
opium and stramonium may be used 
mutually to counteract each other. Tan- 
nin is the proper antidote for strychnia, 
but, to be successful, it should be greatly 
in excess; in the proportion of not less 
than 25 or 30 of the antidote to 1 of the 
poison. 
Animal Poisons may be properly 
ranked under two heads :— 
1. Those taken into the stomach by 
mistake as food; such are the various 
kinds of poisonous fish, which should be 
treated on the same principles as the 
vegetable poisons, that is, by emetics, 
copious draughts of warm water, etc., 
followed, perhaps, by an active purga- 
tive, in order to remove any deleterious 
matter which may have lodged in the 
intestines. If cantharide* should have 
been taken, vomiting should be excited 
by copious draughts of sweet oil, linseed 
tea, milk, etc. 
2. The poisonous secretions of the 
various venomous animals, used by them 
as a weapon of defence. As such poi- 
sons are not taken into the stomach, but 
introduced into the system through a 
wound, an altogether different plan of 
treatment is required. A cupping-glass 
should be promptly placed over the 
wound, and the air exhausted, for the 
purpose of extracting the venom. At the 
same time, if practicable, a moderately 
tight ligature should be applied above 
the bite or sting, in order to prevent the 
virus from diffusing itself through the 
system. If a cupping-glass cannot be 
procured, the poison may be extracted 
by sucking, in which case, it is scarcely 
necessary to remark, care should be 
taken not to swallow the saliva. In 
cases of poisoning from venomous ser- 
pents, the alkalies, especially ammonia, 
applied to the wound and taken inter- 
nally, are said, in some instances, to have 
proved extremely beneficial. The appli- 
cation of clay or mud to the part, by ex- 
cluding the air, tends to obstruct the 
activity of the poison. From several cases 
recently reported, it would appear that 
by far the most efficient antidote for the 
venom of serpents, is the compound 
433 POI 
POL 
known as Bibron’s Antidote. A com- 
mon formula for its preparation is the fol- 
lowing :—Take of bromine two drachms 
and a half; iodide of potassium, two 
grains; corrosive sublimate, one grain ; 
dilute alcohol, thirty fluidrachms. Mix. 
Dose, one fluidrachm, diluted with a 
tablespoonful of wine or brandy, to be 
repeated pro re natd. For hydrophobia, 
after the poison has once been received 
into the system, there is no antidote 
known. As soon as possible after the 
wound has been inflicted, the bitten part 
should be completely cut out, and free 
bleeding promoted by immersing the 
wound in warm water; the surface should 
afterwards be burned with actual cautery, 
or with some efficient caustic. 
Poi'son-I,au'rel. The Primus lauro- 
cerasus. 
Poi'Kon-Oak. A popular name for 
the lthus toxicodendron. 
Poitrine, pwa'trin'. The French 
name for the chest or thorax. See Tho- 
rax. 
Poivre de Jainaique, pwavu deli 
zliAmek'. (“Jamaica Pepper.”) Tho 
French name for “allspice.” See Mni- 
TUS PlMENTA. 
Po'lar. [ Pola'ris; from po'lus, a 
“pole.”] Pertaining to the pole, or near 
the pole. 
Po'lar Cir'cles. Those which cir- 
cumscribe the poles,—the northern or 
Arctic, the southern or Antarctic. 
Po-liir'I-t.v. I Polar itu«. n't is; 
from po'lus, a “pole.”] The property 
of the magnet in pointing to the poles. 
That property which disposes the parti- 
cles of many kinds of bodies to arrange 
themselves in certain determinate direc- 
tions, or point, as it were, to given poles. 
Magnetic polarity is the tendency of a 
magnet, when freely and horizontally sus- 
pended, to point to the magnetic poles 
of the earth. 
Po-lar-I-za'tion of Light. Light 
which has undergone certain reflections 
or refractions, or been subjected to the 
action of material bodies in any one of a 
great number of ways, acquires a certain 
modification, in consequence of which it 
no longer presents the same phenomena 
of reflection and transmission as light 
which has not been subjected to such 
action. This modification is termed po- 
larization of light.—(Branhe.) One form 
of this polarization is exhibited in the 
phenomenon known as double refraction. 
Pol-e-ino'ni-a,* the plural of Pole- 
mo'nium, forming the Jussiouan name 
of a natural order of plants. See Pole- 
moniaceas. 
Polemoniacese,* pol-e-mo-ne-a'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous, 
herbaceous plants, abundant in North 
and South America. It includes tho 
Phlox, and Polemonium, one species of 
which is the Greek Valerian. 
Poles. [Poll, plural of po'lus.] The 
extremities of the axis of a sphere; spe- 
cially applied to those of the earth, 
termed the North and South Poles. 
Po-H-a'ter.* [Prom 7i»Xi's, a “ city,” 
and iarpoi, a “physician.”] A physician 
who practises his profession in a city by 
the appointment of the government. 
Pol-i-ti'a.® [Gr. imXneia, the “ govern- 
ment, or civil polity, of a state.”] Tho 
polity by which acity or town isgoverned : 
police. 
Poliii'a Med'f-ca.* The medical 
police of a town or city. 
Pol'len, inis.® Originally, fine flour. 
Applied to the powdery substance con- 
tained in the anthers of flowers, consti- 
tuting the fecundating principle in pha- 
nerogamous plants. 
Pol'len Tube. A tubular process, or 
extremely minute tube, which grows or 
sprouts from the grain of pollen when 
the latter comes in contact with tho 
stigma. It is supposed to convey the 
fertilizing influence down the style to 
the ovule. 
Pol'lex,® gen. Pol'll-cis. [From 
pol'leo, to “bo strong;” because it is 
stronger than the fingers.] (Pr. Ponce, 
pooss.) The thumb. Also applied to the 
great toe. 
Pol-1in'I-a.* [From pol'len.] A 
term applied to tho granular or waxy 
masses of pollen found in the Orchi- 
daceie. 
Pol-ll-nif'er-ous. [Pollin If'eras; 
from pol'len, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing, or containing, pollen. 
Polll-niii. [Polliiii'na.] A pecu- 
liar and highly combustible substance 
obtained from the pollen of tulips. 
Pollu'tio (pol-lu'she-o) Pi-ur'na.* 
(“Diurnal Pollution.”) The same as 
Spermatoclemma, which see. 
Pol-lu'tion. [Pollu'tio, o'nis; 
frompol'luo, pollu'tum, to “ defile.”] (Fr. 
Souillure, swAyiiu'.) The emission of 
semen without coition. It may be volun- 
tary (then termed masturbation, or onan- 
ism), or involuntary. Involuntary pol- 
lution is sometimes the result of weak- 
ness caused by masturbation. When it 
occurs in sleep, it is called gonorrhoea dor- 
434 POL 
POL 
mientium, or Spermatorrhcea Dormi- 
entium, which see. 
I'ol-y-a-can I li 11s.® [From ttoXS,-, 
“many,” aud dsayOa, a “thorn.”] Hav- 
ing many spines or thorns: polyacan- 
thous. 
l*ol-y-a-del'i>!i!-a.® [From itoXv;, 
“ many,” and if, a “ brother.”] 
Literally, “ having many brotherhoods, 
companies, or sets.” The eighteenth class 
in the Linnsoan system of plants, com- 
prising those whose stamens are united 
by their filaments into three or more 
sets. 
I*o l-y-a-<l el’plious. [ Polyailel'- 
phius. or Polyadel'plms; from the 
same.] Having the filaments in several 
sets: polyadel'phious. See Polyadel- 
PHIA. 
[From itoXvg, “ ma- 
ny,” and dmqv, a “gland.”] Bearing 
many glands: polyadenous. 
Pol-y-an'drl-a.® [From iroXvq, “ma- 
ny,” and defy, a “man,” or “male.”] 
The thirteenth class in the Linnasan 
system of plants, comprising those which 
have twenty or more stamens inserted 
on the receptacle. 
Pol-y-au itrous. [Polyan'drius, 
or PoIyau'druN; from the same.] 
Having many hypogynous stamens: 
polyan'drious. 
I’o 1-y-an't lions. [Polyan'tJius ; 
from 7roX«s, “ many,” and avdo;, a “ flower.”] 
Bearing many flowers. 
Pol-y-car'pSc. [Polycar'pictas; 
from mXvs, “many,” and Kapnus, “fruit.”] 
Bearing fruit many times, that is, year 
after year. 
Pol-y-<?ar'|M»us. [Polycar'pus; 
from the same.] Having, or bearing, 
much fruit. 
'a-lous. [ Polycepli'a- 
lus; from m>Xfij, “ man}*,” and KccjtaXrj, the 
“ head.”] Having many heads. Applied 
to plants. 
Pol-y-se-ra'tus.® [From ttoXv;, 
“many,” and sipas, a “horn.”] Applied 
to a plant of which the fruits resemble a 
bundle of small horns. In Zoology, 
having many horns. 
Pol’,f-«lirfeit. [Polychres'tos, or 
Polychres'tus; from 7roXij,-, “ many,” 
and xpwros, “ useful.”] Having many 
uses or virtues. Also, a substance possess- 
ing many virtues. 
P»l-J-chro-mat'ic. [PoIycHro- 
mat'icus; from voXvf, “many,” and 
X/xDpa, “color.”] Of various colors; 
many-colored. 
Po-lyc'Ia-dous. [Polyc'Iadus; 
from iroXvs, “many,” or “much,” and 
xXiito;, a “ branch.”] Much branched. 
Applied to plants. 
Pol-y-clo'nos,* or Pol-y-clo'ims.® 
[From wXtij, “many,” and kXH v, a 
“branch.”] Having many branches. 
Pol-y-eoc'cous. [Polycoc'cus; 
from -n\vf, “ many,” and k6kko>, a “ ker- 
nel,” or “berry.”] Having many or 
several cocci (closed cells or carpels). 
Pol-y-eot-jMe'don.* [From ttoXv;, 
“many,” and KorvXrjSoi/, a “cotyledon.”] 
A plant that has several, or more than 
two, cotyledons. 
Pol-y-cot-y-Ied'o-nous. [From the 
same.] Having several, or more than 
two, cotyledons. 
Pol-y-dip'si-a.® [From iroXvs, 
“ much,” and Atprj, “ thirst.”] Excessivo 
thirst. A genus of the order Dysorexise, 
class Locates, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Polyedron. See Polyhedron. 
Po-Iyg'a-la.® [From mXvg, “ much,” 
and yuXa, “milk:” named from the abun- 
dant milky juice found in some of the 
species.] Milkwort. A Linnman genus 
of the class Diadelphia, natural order 
Polygalaccnt. 
JPoByg-'stllsi Bitter Po- 
lygala. The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the root and herb of Poly gala 
rubella. 
IPolyg-'ala Sen'e-ga.® The rattle- 
snake-root, or £tneka snake-root. See 
Senega. 
IPolygalaeese,® pol-e-ga-la'she-e, 
or P©l-y-ga'le-ae.® A natural order 
of exogenous plants (herbs or shrubs), 
with tonic, astringent, or nephritic pro- 
perties. It includes Polygala senega 
(Snake-root). 
I»oI-y-ga-la<*.'tl-a.® [From twXvs, 
“much,” and ydXa, “milk.”] Excessive 
secretion, or an overflow, of milk. 
Pol-y-ga'le-av* The Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. See 
POLYGALACEAL 
Pol-y-gal'ic. [Polygal'iCHS; from 
Polyg'ala.\ Applied to an acid discovered 
in the Polygala senega, and other species. 
Po-lyg'a-Iin. [Polygali'iia.] A 
bitter alkaline principle discovered in 
several species of Polygala. 
Pol-y-ga'mi-a.® [From mXvs, “ma- 
ny,” and yagos, a ‘'marriage.”] A Lin- 
nsean class of plants, including those 
which have staminate, pistillate, and 
perfect flowers either on the same or on 
different plants. 
Po-lyg'a-mous. [Polyga'mius, 
or Polyg'amus; from the same.] 
435 POL 
POL 
Having both perfect and separated flow- 
ers: polyga'mious. See Polygamia. 
Pol-yogas'tri-ca.* [From mXvs, 
“ many,” and yaorijp, a “stomach.”] The 
first class of the I)iplonetcra, or Helmin- 
ths! da, consisting of minute, transparent, 
soft, aquatic animals, with numerous 
stomachs, or caeca, communicating with 
an internal alimentary cavity. They 
arc without perceptible nerves or mus- 
cles, and move by external vibratile 
cilia. 
Po-Ijr-gen'ie. [Polygen'icus; 
from m>Xvs, “ many,” and yesto, to “ be 
born,” to “ be produced.”] Applied to a 
rock which owes its origin to fragments 
of several different rocks united by cal- 
careous cement. 
Pol'y-gon. [Polygo'iium; from 
ttoXvs, “many,” and yoxAa, an “angle.”] 
A plane figure having more than four 
angles, and, consequently, more than 
four sides. If the sides are equal, it is 
called a regular polygon. 
Polygoiiiu'ca',* po-lig-o-na'she-c. 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
mostly herbaceous, natives of nearly all 
parts of the world. The roots are uni- 
versally nauseous and purgative. It 
includes the Polyy'onum (Buckwheat,) 
Rn'mex (Dock), and Rheum (Rhubarb). 
I’o-l,vg<MiiiI. [Polygo'nus.] Be- 
longing to a polygon. 
Pol-jf-gfo-iut'lns.® [From mXv;, 
“many,” and yaw, a “knee;” also, a 
“joint,” as of grasses.] Polyg'onate. 
Applied to certain plants and insects. 
Po-lygr'o-mma.* [From the same.] 
A Linnsean genus of the class Octandria, 
natural order Polyyonavefe. 
Polyg-'onum Bis-toFta.® The 
plant commonly known as bistort. The 
root is astringent. 
[From ttoXvs, “ ma- 
ny,” and yovfj, a “ woman,” or “ female.”] 
An order in the Linnasan system of 
plants, including those which have many 
pistils, or more than twelve pistils. 
Pol-y-jryn'i-oiis. | Polygyn'ius. 
or Polyg'ynns; from the same.] Hav- 
ing many pistils. 
Pol-y-lie'dral, or Pol-y-he'dric. 
[Polyhe'drus.] Belonging to a poly- 
hedron. 
Pol-y-he'dron. [Polylse'drum; 
from mXvs, “many,” and t&pa, a “base.”] 
A solid figure contained by many sides 
or planes; a solid bounded by poly- 
gons. 
Pol-y-inor'pl>ons. [Polymor'- 
plius: from mXvs, ‘‘many,” and popl>h, 
“ shape.”] Having many forms; various 
in form. 
Pol-y-ii<• u'rus.* [From noXvc, “ma- 
ny,” and vcvpov, a “ nerve.”] Applied to 
a leaf the lateral nervures of which are 
very numerous. 
Pol-y-o'pl-a.* [From TroXvg, “ many,” 
and imTOjuai, to “ see.”] An affection of 
the organs of sight, in which the objects 
are multiplied; multiple vision: polyo'py. 
I»oI'y-I>a-ry. [Polypa riuni; from 
pol'ypns, a “polype.”] Applied to the 
habitation of a number of polypi. 
Polype. See Polypus. 
I*ol-y-pet'a-loi«K. [1‘olypeta'lens, 
or Polypet'alus; from toAuj, “ many,” 
and irtraXov, a “ petal.”] Having many 
petals, or distinct petals: polypeta'leous. 
Pol'y-pliore. [From roAik, “many,” 
and to “ bear.”] A common recep- 
tacle of many carpels, as in the Straw- 
berry. 
Pol-y-pliyl'lous. [Polyphyl'lus; 
from -rroXvs, “ many,” and 0t>AAov, a “ leaf.”] 
Having many leaves. 
Pol'y-pi,® gen. Pol-y-po'rum. The 
plural of Polypus, which see. 
Pol-y-pif'er-ous. [Polyplf'erus; 
from pol'ypm, a “polype,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing polypi. 
Pol'y-pl-form. [Polypifor'mis; 
from pol'ypns, a “ polype.”] Having the 
form or appearance of a polypus. 
PoIyiMMliawa',® pol-e-po-de-a'- 
she-e. A natural order of cryptogamous 
plants, including Polypo'dium, and many 
other kinds of ferns. 
Pol-y-po'dl-um.* [From rnXvs, 
“ many,” and 7iorf, a “ foot.”] A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Cryptogamia, 
order Filiccs, or Poly pod iacese. 
Polypo'dium Fi'lix Mas.® Another 
name for the Aspidium jilix mas, or male 
fern. 
Pol 'y-|KUis. or Pol'y-pal. [Poly- 
po'sus; from pol'ypns.] Having polypi, 
or many tumors like a polypus. 
Pol'jf-pus.* [From ttoXvs, “many,” 
and mis, a “ foot.”] A tumor in the 
nose, uterus, or vagina; from its having 
numerous ramifications, like legs or feet. 
Also, an animal of the Radiata, charac- 
terized by a fleshy body of a conical or 
cylindrical form, commonly fixed at one 
extremity, having at the other the 
mouth, surrounded by several arms or 
tentacles: a polype. 
Pol-y-rlil'zons, or Pol-y-rhl'zal. 
[Polyrlii'zus; from ttoXvs, “ many,” and 
a “ root.”] Having many roots. 
I’ol-[FroinvoAu;, “much,” 
436 POL 
PON 
and ffapf, “flesh.”] An increased bulk 
of body beyond what is healthy; obesity. 
A genus of the order Jutumescentise, class 
Cachexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Pol-y-sar'coBas. [ Polysar'ous; 
from the same.] Having much flesh; 
obese. 
Pol-y-sep'a-lons. [Polysep'alus: 
from otXoj, “many,” and sep'aliuu, a 
“ sepal.”] Having two or more distinct 
sepals. Applied to a calyx. 
Pol-y-sper'nious. [From -oXig, 
“many,” and oirqpa, a “seed.”] Having 
many seeds. 
Pol-ys'po-rous. [Polys'porns; 
from xo\v,-, “ many,” and inrupa, a “ seed.”] 
Containing many spores. See Spore. 
Pol-y-sta'-ehy-us.* [From m\vs, 
“ many,” and an'cxv;, an “ ear.”] Hav- 
ing many spikes or ears. 
I’ol-y-ste'ino-nous. [Polystc'- 
monis; from roAuj, “many,” and trrriptjii, 
a “ stamen.”] Having many stamens. 
Pol-y-stig'moits. [Polystig'mus; 
from 7roXu,-, “ many,” and arr/pi, a “ stig- 
ma.”] Having many stigmas in each 
flower. 
Pol--sty'Ions. [Polysty'lus; 
from mXv;, “many,” and orCAo;, a “pil- 
lar,” or “ style.”] Having many styles. 
Pol-y-te«h'nic. [Polytecli'nieiis; 
from ttoAuj, “many,” and rsxrn, “art.”] 
Pertaining to many, or several, arts and 
sciences. A polytechnic school is an 
institution in which many arts or sciences 
are taught. The first school bearing this 
name was founded in Paris in 1794. 
Pol-y-ttial'a-moras. [PolythaV- 
amus; from roXv;, “many,” and OaXapo;, 
a “chamber.”] Applied to a univalve 
shell divided into many apartments. 
Po-lyt'ri-etms.® [From-o\v;, “ma- 
ny,” or “much,” and Opi'f, “hair.”] Hav- 
ing abundant hair. 
Po'ma,® gen. Po-mo'riiiri, the plu- 
ral of Pom nr, which see. 
Pomace*,* po-ma'she-e. [From 
po'mum, a Latin term for an “ apple,” 
or other fruit.] A natural order of 
exogenous trees and shrubs, natives of 
many temperate regions, but not found 
in the southern hemisphere. It includes 
the Apple, the Pear (Pi/rus), the Quince 
(Cydonia), and Plum [Prunus). Some 
botanists consider Pomo.cece as a division 
of the order liosacese. 
Po-msi'ceotas. [Poiiaa'cews; from 
po’mum, an “ apple,” or other fruit.] 
Resembling the apple, or of the nature 
*f an apple. 
Pome. [Po'ma; from po'mum, an 
“apple,” or other fruit.] A fleshy fruit, 
composed of two or more carpels, usually 
more or less involved in a pulpy expan- 
sion of the receptacle or disk, and the 
whole invested by the thickened and 
succulent tube of the calyx; as the apple. 
—((f ray, ) 
Pomegranate, pilm’gran-at. [From 
po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit, and 
grana'tux, “having grains.”] The fruit 
of the Punica granatum. 
Po-mif'er-ons. [Pomif'erns; 
from po'mum, an “ apple,” or other fruit, 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing pomes. 
Pom'i-form. [Pomilor mis: from 
po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit.] 
Having the form of an apple. 
Poninie de Terre, pomm deh teR. 
The French name for Potato, which see. 
Po-mol'o-gy. [Pomolo'gia; from 
po'mum, an “apple,” or other fruit, and 
Adyo;, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on 
fruits; the science of fruits, or the art 
of cultivating fruits; the department 
of Botany relating to fruits. 
Pom-i»lB©l-y.g©'deS.* [Frcm pom'- 
pholyx.] Resembling or having pom- 
pholyx. 
Pom'pUo-lyx, ygis.* [From 
a “bladder.”] A small vesicle or blad- 
der especially containing water ; also, a 
skin-disease in which there is an erup- 
tion of bullie without inflammation round 
them, and unattended by fever. 
Po'mum,* plural Po'ma. An apple, 
or larger fruit. Originally, a general 
name of fruit which grows on trees; as 
the apple, pear, etc. See Pome. 
Po'inum A-da'mi.® (“Adam's Ap- 
ple.”) The anterior part of the thyroid 
cartilage, forming an angular projection 
on the fore part of the neck. 
Pon-der-a-bil'I-ty. [Ponderabil'- 
itns, a'tis; from pon'dero, to “weigh.”] 
The property of having weight. 
Pon'der-a-ble. [From pon'dun, pon'- 
deri8, “weight.”] That may be weighed. 
A term applied to bodies having weight. 
Pons Ilep'a-tis.* (“Bridge of the 
Liver.”) A portion of the substance of 
the liver which passes from one lobe to 
the other, frequently converting the lower 
half of the longitudinal fissure into a true 
canal. 
Pons Ta-ri'ni.® (“ Bridge of Tari- 
nus.”) A cineritious substance between 
the corpora albicanlia of the brain, con- 
necting the crura, and forming part of 
the floor of the third ventricle. The 
fossa, at the bottom of which it is placed, 
is called Lo'cus per/ora'tm posti'cun. 
437 PON 
POR 
Pons Va-roli-i.® (“Bridge of Va- 
rolius”) The square portion of medul- 
lary substance connecting the cerebrum, 
cerebellum, and Medulla oblongata, first 
described by Varolius; otherwise termed 
the Corpus annulare, Processus annularis, 
Tuber annulare, and Tuberculum annu- 
lare. 
Ponteileracese,® pon-te-de-ra'slic-e. 
A natural order of endogenous aquatic 
plants, found in America, India, and 
tropical Africa. It includes the Pontc- 
de’ria. 
Pop'Ies, litis.* [From ])ost, “be- 
hind,” and pli'eo, to “fold.”] (Fr. Jar- 
ret, zh&'r&'.) The ham, or back part of 
the knee-joint. 
Pop-li-tae'us.* (“Popliteal [Mus- 
cle].”) [From pop’les, pgp’litis, the 
“ham.”] A muscle arising from the ex- 
ternal condyle of the femur, and inserted 
into the superior triangular surface at 
the back of the tibia. It bends the thigh 
and leg. 
Pop-H-te'al. [Poplitae'us; from 
the same.] Belonging to the ham. 
Poplite'al Space. A somewhat oval 
space, of considerable depth, behind the 
knee-joint. 
Poppy. See Papaver. 
Pop py, Red Corn. Tho Papaver 
rhoeas. 
Pop'py, White. A name for the 
Papaver somniferum. 
Pop'ti-lin. [Populi'na.] A name 
given to an alkali found in the bark of 
the Pop'ttliis trem'ula, or aspen-tree. 
Por-cel-la'ne-oiis. [Porcella'ne- 
us, or Porcella'iius; from parcel!a'na, 
a “porcelain vessel.”] Belonging to por- 
celain. 
Pore. [Po'rus; from ir'ipo;, a “pass- 
age.”] A small opening at the extremity 
of a vessel at the surface of an organized 
body. Also, a small interstice between 
the particles of matter which compose 
bodies. It appears that pores exist in 
all bodies, even the most dense. 
Po-rif'e-ra.® [Frompo'rus, a “pore,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] A term applied 
to a group of polypi. Also employed by 
Dr. Grant to designate a class of organ- 
ized bodies, including the marine and 
fresh-water sponges. 
Po'rl-form. [i'oi-ifnr'inis: from 
po'rus, a “pore.”] Having the form of 
simple pores. 
Por-nog'ra-pliy. [Pornogra'- 
pliia; from ir6per), a “prostitute,” and 
yper/xo, to “write.”] A history or descrip- 
tion of prostitution. 
Po-ro'ma, ads.* [Gr. mjpdpa; from 
Triipo;, a kind of stone.] A callus, or 
hardened part. Sec Porosis. 
Por-»- ptay 1' I us.® [From -nopog, a 
“pore,” and (jivWo-j, a “leaf.”] Having 
leaves sprinkled with transparent points 
like pores, as the Boebera porophyl'la : 
porophyl'lous. 
Po-ro'sis.® [From ttcopom, to “turn 
to stone,” to “harden.” Sec Poroma.] 
The progress or formation of Poroma, or 
the process by which the extremities 
of fractured bones are reunited by a 
callus. 
I“o-ros'i-ty. [Poros'itas, a ’tis; 
from po'rus, a “pore.”] The property 
or quality of having pores or interstices 
between the particles. 
Po'rous. [Poro'sns; from po'rus, 
a “pore.”] Having pores, or full of 
pores. 
Por'pliy-rn.s [From “pur- 
ple.”] A name for Purpura, which see. 
P«r-j»tiy-ris'ina, a tis.* [From trop- 
(j>vpa, “ purple.”] A name for Scarla- 
tina, which see. 
Por'pEiy-ry. [From the same.] An 
extremely hard stone of a reddish or 
purple color, more or less variegated, 
being of all varieties of shade from vio- 
let to a claret color. It is susceptible of 
a high polish. It belongs to the igneous 
rocks. 
Por-rig'I-nous. [Porrigino'sus.] 
Having porrigo. 
Por-ri'yo, (s’ inis.® [From pop rum, a 
“leek.”] (Fr. Teigne, ten or tin.) Ring- 
worm of the scalp; scald-head: also 
termed Favus and Tinea, which see. 
Porrum. See Allium Porrum. 
Por'tn.* [From por'to, to “carry.”] 
Literally, a “door,” or “gate.” Applied 
to that part of the liver where its vessels 
enter. 
Por'tal Cir-cu-la'tion. A subor- 
dinate part of the venous circulation, in 
which the blood makes an additional 
circuit before it joins the rest of tho 
venous blood. There are in the verte- 
brate classes of animals two portal circu- 
lations. one of the liver, and tho other 
of the kidneys. The former exists in all 
the Vertebrata; the latter, only in rep- 
tiles, Amphibia, and fishes. 
Por'tal Vein. [Ve'na Por'tae.] 
A vein originating from all the organs 
within the abdomen, except the kidneys 
and bladder, and the uterus in tho fe- 
male. It has two principal trunks, the 
splenic and superior mesenteric veins. 
Port-eaus'tic. [From por'to, to 
438 POR 
POT 
“carry,” and cans'ticum, “caustic.”] A 
small cylindrical instrument for carry- 
ing some caustic substance in the pocket. 
Por'ter. An infusion of malt and 
hops, owing its dark color to high-dried, 
or charred, malt. 
Por'tio (por'she-o) Du'ra,- (“Hard 
Portion.”) The hard branch of the 
seventh pair of nerves; the facial nerve. 
Por'tio Mol'Iis.® (“Soft Portion.”) 
The soft branch of the seventh pair of 
nerves; the auditory or acoustic nerve. 
Port'land Stone. A granular lime- 
stone, belonging to the upper part of 
the oolite formation, and abounding in 
the island of Portland, on the southern 
coast of England. 
Portulacacese,® por-tu-la-ka'she-e, 
or Port ulaceav® por-tu-la'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous succulent 
plants, found in dry places in South 
America and South Africa. It includes 
Portula'ca, one species of which is com- 
mon Purslane. 
Po'rns.* [Gr. mHpo;, “ tuff-stone,” 
“ tufa.”] The thick, hard skin, or brawn; 
callus. 
Po'rns.® [Gr. irdpoj, a “ford,” a 
“ ferry,” or “ passage.”] A duct; a pore. 
See Pore. 
Po'rusOj»'ti-cns.® (“Optic Pore.”) 
A dark point in the centre of the optic 
nerve, through which the central artery 
passes. See Punotum Oaaium. 
Pos'I-tlve Kl'e-ments. A term ap- 
plied to tho plates of zinc in the galvanic 
pile; the zinc or most oxidizable metal 
being in such combinations always found 
to bo positively, and the copper (or sil- 
ver), the least oxidizable, negatively, 
electrical. 
Pos-I-tiv'I-ty. [ Positiv'itas, a'iis.] 
The state of a body which manifests the 
phenomena of positive electricity. 
Po-sol'o-gy. [From izoao;, “how 
much,” and \6yo;, a “ discourse.”] That 
branch of medicine which treats of quan- 
tity, or doses. See Dose. 
Pos'set. [Posse'tum.] A prepa- 
ration peculiar to the English : being 
milk heated to boiling, and then curdled 
with wine, treacle, or an acid. 
Post-<Ii-lii'vi-an. [Postdiluvia'- 
mis: from post, “after,” and dilu'vium, 
the “ deluge.”] Applied to the earths 
deposited by rivers or temporary floods, 
etc., posterior to the great catastrophe 
called the Deluge. 
Pos-te'ri-or Au'ris.® (“ Posterior 
TMuscle] of the Ear.”) A muscle situated 
behind tho ear, and consisting of one or 
more bundles of fleshy fibres; sometimes 
called mtisculi retrahentes auriculam 
(muscles which draw back the auricle). 
Pos-tlii'tis, idis* [From noaOn, tho 
“prepuce.”] Inflammation of the mem- 
brane of the glans penis. The same as 
Balanitis, which see. 
Post-Mop'tem.® (“After Death.”) 
Applied to the examination of a dead 
body. 
Post Par'tum.® [From post, “af- 
ter,” andpar'tus, the “time of travail.”] 
“After or subsequent to childbirth.” Ap- 
plied to hmmorrhage or any other occur- 
rence ensuing after parturition. 
Post. sing;, sed. liq. = Post sin’gu- 
ilts se'des liq'uidasfi “After every loose 
stool.” 
Pot. = Po'tio.* “A potion.” 
Pot'nsh. [Potas'sa.] Tho vegeta- 
ble alkali also termed Kali; properly, 
an hydrated protoxide of potassium. 
Po-tas'sa,.* A Latinized form of the 
word “potash.” 
Potas'sa Fu'sa.s (“ Fused Potash.”) 
The hydrate of potash ; also called Lapis 
infernalis. Prepared by evaporating a 
solution of potash to dryness in an iron 
vessel. It is a powerful caustic, and is 
employed for forming issues, etc. 
Po-tas'sse Ui-cliroHias.® (“ Bi- 
chromate of Potash.”) The name ap- 
plied to a substance in orange-red, an- 
hydrous, tabular crystals, soluble in ten 
parts of cold, and in much less of boiling, 
water, forming a solution having an acid 
reaction. It has been placed on the 
primary list of the Materia Medica of 
the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. In 
small doses it is an alterative; in large 
doses, an irritant poison. Externally it 
is used as a caustic. 
Potas'sse Bi-tar'tras* (“Bitartrate 
of Potash”), or Cream of Tar'tar. 
The Pharmacopceial name for a sub- 
stance which is dissolved sparingly by 
water, but freely by a hot solution of 
potassa, which deposits it again upon the 
addition of an acid. It is a cathartic, 
diuretic, and refrigerant. 
Potas'sa' t’ar-bo'nas Im-pu’ra or 
Im-gm'rus.® (“Impure Carbonate of 
Potash.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the substance known in 
commerce by the name of “pearlash.” 
Potas'sse Clilo'ras.® (“ Chlorate 
of Potash.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
|| of a substance in colorless, tabular crys- 
tals, which have a pearly lustre, and are 
wholly soluble in distilled water. Chlo- 
rate of potash is an arterial sedative. 
439 It is said to be a most valuable remedy 
in stomatitis caused by the use of mer- 
cury. 
Potas'sae M'tras.® (“Nitrate of 
Potash.”) Nitre or Saltpetre. The 
Pharmacopoeia! name || of a substance in 
colorless prismatic crystals, unalterable 
in the air, and wholly soluble in water. 
It is a refrigerant, diuretic, and diapho- 
retic. 
Potass;e Por-manga-nas. (“ Per- 
manganate of Potash.”) The name ap- 
plied to a substance in needle-shaped 
crystals of a deep purple color. It is 
soluble in sixteen parts of cold “water, 
with the exception of a scanty, brown 
matter. It has been placed on the pri- 
mary list of the Materia Medica of the 
U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. It is used 
as an escharotic. 
Potas'sae Sul'phas.* (“ Sulphate 
of Potash.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
|| of a substance in hard, colorless crystals, 
unalterable in the air, sparingly soluble 
in cold water, and insoluble in alcohol. 
Po-tas'sl-eus.* [From potas'siuin.] 
Belonging to potassium : potassic. 
Po-tas’sl-i 
(“ Ferrocyanide of Potassium.”) Also 
termed the Ferroeyan'uretof Potas'- 
siiim. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for a substance in crystals of a lemon- 
yellow color, wholly soluble in water. It 
is chiefly used in the preparation of hy- 
drocyanic acid, Prussian blue, etc. 
Potassium,* po-tash'e-um. A very 
remarkable metal, discovered by Davy in 
1807. It is the base of potash. One of 
the striking peculiarities of potassium is 
its low specific gravity (.865), it being 
the lightest known solid; another is its 
intense affinity for oxygen, in consequence 
of which it takes fire when thrown upon 
water. 
Po-ta'to. [Span Batata, M-t&'tii; Fr. 
Pomme de Terre, poinm deh ten.] The 
common name for the root (tuber) of 
the Sola'num tnbero'sum. 
Potential (po-ten'shal) Oan'te-ry. 
[Faute'rium Potentia'le.] See Cau- 
tery, Potential. 
Po-ten-lil'la.* [Frompo'tcns, “pow- 
erful.”] The wild tansy. A Linnaean 
genus of the class Icosandria, natural 
order Rosaces:. 
Prttentil'Ia Tor-men-tiria.* The 
systematic name of the tormentil plant. 
Po'tloa. [Po'tio, o'nis; from po'to, 
pota'tum or po'tum, to “ drink.”] A me- 
dicinal mixture to be taken as a drink. 
See Draught. 
POT 
Po-to-ma'nl-a.* [Prom po'to, po'- 
tum, to “drink,” and pavia, “madness.”] 
Drink-madness. The same as Mania a 
Potu, which see. 
Pot-Pour’ri, pot poo'ree. Literally, 
a “medley,” a “hotch-potch.” A mix- 
ture of fragrant flowers, roots, gums, 
etc., either mixed together dry or pre- 
served with salt. 
Pou, poo. The French name for 
“louse.” See Pediculus. 
Ponce, pooss. The French name for 
the “thumb.” See Pollex. 
Poncb. See Saccdlus. 
Poudre, poodit. The French name 
for “powder.” See Pulvis. 
Pond rede Cliypre, poodn deh 
See Abelmoschus. 
Pools, poo. The French term for 
“pulse.” See Pulsus. 
Poultice. See Cataplasm. 
Poumon, poo'mbNo'. The French 
term for Lungs, which see. 
Pou'part's (poo'parts) Fig-'a-nient. 
That portion of the inferior thickened 
edge of the tendon of the Obliquus ex- 
ternus abdominis muscle, stretching from 
the anterior superior spinous process of 
the ilium to the spine of the os pubis ; 
the crural arch. 
Ponrpre, poonpR. The French term 
for Purpura, which see. 
Powder. See Pulvis. 
Powder of Faynard. See Fay- 
nard’s Powder. 
Pox. The vulgar name for syphilis: 
formerly called great pox, to distinguish 
it from variola, or small-pox. 
Prac'tlcc. [Gr. TrpaicriKrj; from Tpaarrm, 
to “do,” to “conduct business.”] A 
general term for the extent of business, 
as well as the performance of the duties, 
of a medical practitioner, physician, 
surgeon, or apothecary. 
Prse. A Latin preposition signifying 
“before,” or “beforehand.” 
Pra?-eor'dI-a, o'rum.* [From prie, 
“before,” and cor, cor'dis, the “heart.”] 
The fore part of the thoracic region. 
Prsefloratio. See Aestivation. 
Praepiitium. See Prepuce. 
Praivia. See Placenta Pr^evia. 
P. rat. let. == Pro ratio'ne stn'tis.* 
“According to the age of the patient.” 
Pre-cip'I-tant. [Pneci [»' i Cans; 
from prsecip'ito, prsecipita'tum, to “ cast 
down/’] Literally, “casting down,” or 
“precipitating.” Applied to the sub- 
stance by the addition of which a pre- 
cipitate is formed. 
Prc-cip'I-tate. [Prsecipita'tum; 
PRE 
440 from the same.] The substance which 
sinks to the bottom in the process of 
precipitation. 
Precip' it ate. Red. The red oxide 
of mercury. See Hydrargyri Oxjdum 
Rubritm. 
Precip'ltate, White. A compound 
formed by the union of ammonia with a 
solution of chloride of mercury. 
Pre-cip-I-ta'tion. [Prsecipita'tio, 
o'nis ; from prxcip'ito, prmcipita' turn, to 
“cast down.”] The process of precipi- 
tating a substance held in solution by 
the addition of another substance: thus, 
when an acid and oxide are united in 
solution, if an alkali be added having a 
greater affinity for the acid, it will com- 
bine with it, and the oxide will be pre- 
cipitated. The oxide is named thejare- 
eipitate, the alkali the precipitant. 
Precocity, Genital. See Prceotia. 
Pre-cur'sor. [Prsecur'sor; from 
prse, “ before,” and cur'ro, cur'sum, to 
“run.”] Literally, a “forerunner.” 
Applied to symptoms which precede, or 
indicate the approach of, a disease. 
Pre-dis-po'sing. [Praedispo'- 
neiis; from prse, “ or “ before- 
hand,” and dispo'no, dispos'itum, to 
“dispose.”] Applied to the peculiar con- 
dition or habit of body, temperament, or 
structure of a part, which renders a per- 
son susceptible of disease; and this pecu- 
liar condition, structure, etc. is said to be 
the predisposing cause of the disease. 
Prc-dis-po-s*'tion. [Prtedispo- 
si tio, o'nis; from the same.] Any 
state of the system which disposes to the 
action of disease. 
Pre-ilo-ra'iion. [Pra*flora'tio, 
o'nis; from prse/lo'ren, to “ blossom be- 
fore the time.”] The same as .ZEstiva- 
tion, which see. 
Pre-fo-ll-a'tion. [Prsefolia'tio, 
o'nis; from prse, “before,” and /o'Hum, 
a “leaf.”] The manner in which the 
leaves are disposed in the bud before 
evolution. The same as Vernation. 
Pre-fron'tal. [Prsefronta'lls; 
from prse, “before,” and fronta'le os, the 
“ frontal bone.”] Applied by Owen to 
the middle part of the ethmoid bone. 
Preg'nan-cjl. [Praegnan'tia; 
from prse/nans, literally, “previous to 
bringing forth.”] (Fr. Grosscsse, gRo'- 
sess'.) The state of being with young or 
with child. See Gravidity. 
Pregnancy, Morbid. See Para- 
CYESIS. 
Preg'nant. [Praeg'nans. See 
Pregnancy.] With young or with child. 
PRE 
Pre-hen'slle. [Prehensi'lis; from 
prehen'do,prehen'sum, to “take,” to “lay 
hold on.”] Capable of laying hold on a 
thing; adapted to the act of grasping. 
Pre-hen'sion. [Prehen'sio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of grasping or 
taking hold; a seizure. 
Pre-ma-tnre' iAi'bor. That which 
takes place during the last three months 
of the natural term, but before its com- 
pletion. 
Pre-max [Prie-inaxil- 
la'ris; from prse, “before,” and maxil- 
la're os, the “maxillary bone.”] Ap- 
plied by Owen to the front part of the 
superior maxilla. 
Premieres Voies, preh-me-eR' vwi. 
The French term for Primas Via;, which 
see. 
Pre-mo'lar. [From prse, “before,” 
and mola'ris, “ molar.”] A term applied 
to the first two pairs of molar teeth in 
each jaw; also called bicuspids. 
Pre-morse'. [Prwmor'sns; from 
prsenior'deo, prsemor'sum, to “ bite off.”] 
Ending abruptly, as if bitten off. Ap- 
plied to parts of plants. 
Pre-o-per'cu-lar. [Prseopercu- 
la'ris; from prse, “before,” and operat- 
in'ris, “opercular.”] Applied by Owen 
to the first or proximal segment of the 
radiated appendage of the tympano- 
mandibular arch in fishes. 
Pre'puce. [Prsepu'tium; from 
prse, “before,” and rnaOri, the “virile 
member.”] The membranous or cuta- 
neous fold which covers the (/Ians penis; 
also, a similar covering for the ylans 
clitoridis: the foreskin. 
Pres-by-o'pl-a.* [From npioSvs, an 
“old man,” and «•’*/', the “eye.”] The 
opposite of near-sightedness. A defect 
of vision, common to persons advanced 
in years, by which objects are seen im- 
perfectly when near, but clearly when a 
little removed. 
Pre-scrip'tion. [Prsescrip'tio, 
o'nis; from prsescri'ho, prsescrip'tum, to 
“write before,” to “order,” to “pre- 
scribe.”] A formula, or writing of medi- 
cines to be exhibited; a recipe. 
PreS-en-la'tion. [ Presentu tio. 
o'nis; from prsesen'to, prsesenta'tum, to 
“present.”] The particular position of 
the child in the passages at birth, as 
arm-presentation, foot-presentation, etc. 
Pre-sphe'noid. [Pratsphenoi'dcs; 
from prse, “before,” and sphenoi'des os, 
the “sphenoidbone.”] Applied by Owen 
to the anterior part of the base of the 
sphenoid bone. 
PRE 
441 PRE 
PRI 
Preternatural Combustion. See 
Spontaneous Combustion. 
Pre-tym-pan'ic. [Prsetympan'- 
icus; from prse, “before,” and tympan'- 
icus, “tympanic.”] Applied by Owen 
to the anterior subdivision of the tym- 
panic pedicle which supports the mandi- 
ble in fishes. 
Prl'a-pi&m. [Priapis'inns; from 
npia-no;, the “virile member.”] Continual 
(morbid) erection of the penis. 
Prickle. See Aculeus. 
Prickly. See Aculeate. 
Pri niiC Vi'fe.® (Fr. Premieres voies, 
preh-me-t:R' vwk.) “First or Primary 
Passages.” The stomach and intestines: 
so named in reference to their importance. 
Pri-nia'H-a.* [Frompri1'mus, “first:” 
because it includes those growths which 
are the first, or lowest, in the scale 
of creation.] A term recently applied 
to a proposed division or kingdom of 
organized bodies, including those of 
which “the structure is exclusively cellu- 
lar without vascularity,” and which 
possess simply the power or function of 
reproduction, without any organs appro- 
priated to respiration or circulation. 
This kingdom is intended to include 
the following sub-kingdoms. 1. Alga. 
(Sea-weeds). 2. Lichenes (Lichens). 3. 
Fungi. 4. Spongiee (Sponges). 5. Gon- 
jugata (Infusoria). 
In accordance with this view, all or- 
ganized bodies may be distributed into 
three kingdoms, namely:— 
1. Primalia, possessing simply the 
power of reproduction by cell-develop- 
ment. 
2. Vegetabilia(“ Vegetables”), in which 
to the function of reproduction are added 
those of respiration and circulation. 
3. Animalia (“Animals”), possessing, in 
addition to the functions of reproduction, 
respiration, and circulation, the power 
of voluntary motion and perception or 
sensation. (An interesting memoir on 
this subject, by Messrs. Wilson and Cas- 
sin, may be found in the Proceedings of 
the Academy of Natural Sciences of 
Philadelphia, May, 1863.) 
Prl'ina-ries. The ten elastic quills 
attached to the hand or third portion of 
the wing of birds. 
Prl'ma-ry. j Prlma'rius: from 
pri'mus, “first.”] Primitive; original; 
principal. Primary planets are those 
planets that revolve around the sun as 
their centre, in contradistinction to the 
satellites, or secondary planets. 
Pri'mary Rocks are the igneous or 
crystalline rocks, as granite and the 
metamorphie strata, which contain no 
organic remains. 
Pri'mary Coi/ons are those which 
by their union constitute white light. 
Newton supposed them to be seven: red, 
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and 
violet. According to Brewster, there 
are but three, red, blue, and yellow, 
which by their various combinations 
produce all the others. 
[Frompri'mus, “first.”] 
Originally, the “chief persons or indi- 
viduals” of a city or kingdom. Applied 
by Linnaeus to the first order of animals 
in his system, including man and the 
monkey. 
I’rl-iiii-ge'ui-ous. [Priuiig'enus; 
from pri'mus,“first,” and <ye'no, to “be- 
get.”] First-born; primitive. 
Pri'mlne. [I’rimi'na: from pri'- 
mus, “first.”] The exterior of the two 
membranes which envelop the ovule of 
plants. 
I’l’i-inip'a-ra.s [From pri'mus, 
“first,” and pa'no, to “bring forth.”] 
A woman who has brought forth her 
first child. * 
Pri-inip'a-rus.* [From the same.] 
Belonging to a first birth: primip'arous. 
Primitiae (pri-mish'e-e), a 'rum* 
[From pri'mus, “first.”] The waters 
which usually escape before the birth of 
the child. 
Prim'i-tive Earths. These are 
nine: Baryta, Strontia, Lime, Magnesia, 
Alumina or Clay, Silica, Glucina, Zir- 
conia, Yttria; to which a tenth, Fiorina, 
has lately been added. 
Primitive Kochs. The same as 
Primary Rocks, which see. 
Pri-mor'«Ii-aI. [Primordia'lis. 
See Primorihum.] First in order; origi- 
nal. Applied to the first leaves which 
are produced after the seminal leaves. 
Prt-mor'dl-mii.* [From pri'mus, 
“first,” and or'dium, a “beginning.”] 
Literally, “ first beginning or origin.” 
Applied to the germ of the future bird in 
the egg, or to any germ. 
Primulacese,* prim-u-la'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, common in the northern and 
colder parts of the world, and remark- 
able for their beauty. It comprises the 
Cowslip (Print'ula ve'ris), Primrose 
(Prim'ula Auric'ula), and Gye'lamen, a 
drastic purgative. 
Prince’s Met/al, or Prince Rii'- 
pert’s Ref ill. An alloy of copper and 
zinc. 
442 PRI 
PRO 
Pri'nos.® Black Alder. The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the bark 
of the Pri'nos verticilla'tus. 
Prism. [Pris'ma, atis ; from npiCo), 
to “cut with a saw.”] A solid figure 
contained by several planes, of which 
the two ends are equal, similar, and 
parallel, and all the sides parallelo- 
grams. Prisms take particular names 
from the figures of their ends, or oppo- 
site, equal, and parallel sides, which 
may be triangles, squares, pentagons, 
hexagons, etc.: thus, we have triangular 
prisms, square prisms, and so on. In 
Dioptrics, a prism is a piece of glass, or 
other diaphanous substance, in the form 
of a triangular prism, employed to sepa- 
rate a ray of light into its constituent 
parts or colors by refraction. 
Pris-mat'ic. [Prismat'ieus.] Be- 
longing to a prism. 
I’risinal'ic Npee'triini. [Spec'- 
truin Prismat'leum. j Seo Spectrum. 
Pri*'nia-toid. [Prisinatoi'des; 
from pris'ma, a “prism,” and cido;, a 
“form.”] Resembling a prism. 
Privities. See Naturalia. 
P. r. it. = Pro re na'tu,.* “According 
as circumstances may require.” See Pro 
re Nata. 
Pro. [Gr. npo, “before,” “forwards,” 
“forth.”] A Latin preposition signifying 
“before,” “for,” “forth,” “forwards,” 
“ according to,” or “ on account of.” 
Pro re na'ta.® (“According to the 
circumstances [i.e. symptoms, etc.] aris- 
ing” or occurring.) A Latin phrase often 
added to prescriptions, to signify that the 
dose or application is to be repeated or 
discontinued as occasion may require. 
Pro'bang. [Supposed to be from 
pro'bo, to “prove,” or “try.”] A slen- 
der piece of whalebone with a portion 
of ivory or sponge at its extremity, for 
pushing down into the stomach bodies 
which may have lodged in the oesophagus. 
Probe. [Frompro'bo, to “prove,” or 
“try.”] (Lat.Specil'lum, and Kty'lua; 
Fr. Stylet, An instrument for try- 
ing the depth and extent of wounds, etc. 
Prob'Iem. [Proble'ma. atis; from 
7rpotiaWu), to “lay before.”] A difficulty 
or proposition to be discussed; a ques- 
tion proposed for solution. 
Pro-bOM-vid'I-ans. [Proboscidia'- 
na; from probos'«'».] The name of a 
family of pachydermatous mammals hav- 
ing a proboscis, including the elephant. 
Pro-bos-vI-dif'er-ns.* [From pro- 
bos'sis, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
or having a proboscis: proboscidiferous. 
Pro-bos'<;is, idis* [From np6, “be- 
fore,” and fiimKM, to “feed.”] The pre- 
hensile organ formed by a prolongation 
of the nose, of which a trunk of an ele- 
phant is an example. Also, the fleshy or 
membranous organ constituting a sort 
of sucker in certain of the Suctoria, etc. 
Process. [Proees'sus; from pro- 
ce'do, proces' sum, to “ proceed,” to “ go 
forth.”] (Fr. Proces, pRo'sd'.) A project- 
ing point or eminence of a bone; also, 
similar objects in the soft parts; a pro- 
tuberance ; any projection from a surface. 
See Protuberance. 
Process. [From the same.] (Fr. 
Procede, pRo'si’di'.) The method of pro- 
ceeding in a chemical or other operation. 
Pro-ees'sus a ( cr-c-lMi lo ad Tes'- 
tcs.® The name of two cords which 
pass from the cerebellum to the nates 
and testes of the brain. They are the 
superior peduncles. 
Pro-ehei lum,* or Pio-flici'lon.® 
[From -npo, “before,” and xnAo,. a “lip.”] 
The same as Prolabium, which see. 
Procidentia.® pros-e-den'she-a. 
[Fromproy'ido, to “fall forward,” to “fail 
down.”] The falling down of some organ 
or part, as the anus, eye, uterus, etc. See 
Prolapsus. 
Prociden tia U'tc-ri.* A “falling 
down of the womb,” which descends into 
the vagina, owing to the relaxation of 
its connections; when it protrudes 
through the external parts, the displace- 
ment is termed Prolapsus uteri. 
Pro-cliv'I-ty. [Procliv'itas, n'tis; 
from pro, “forwards,” and cli'vus, “ slop- 
ing,” or “inclining.”] Inclination, or 
disposition ; tendency ; propensity. 
Pro-£«e'll-us.* [From npo, “before,” 
and KoiXia, the “belly.”] Having a 
swollen or prominent belly. 
Proc'la-gra.* [From npoiKTOf, the 
“anus,” and u-ypa, a “seizure.”] Pain 
of the anus or rectum. 
Proe-tal gi-a.® [From irpcwmk, the 
“anus,” and dAyoj, “pain.”] Nervous 
pain of the anus or rectum : proctalgy. 
Proe-ta-tre'sl-a.® [From -rp<o<rT<%, 
the “anus,” and atre'sia, “imperfora- 
tion.”] Imperforation of the anus. 
Proe'tl-ea.® [From npoiKroi;, the 
“anus.”] A generic term applied by 
Dr. Good to diseases of the anus and 
rectum. 
Proc-tit'i-cus.* Belonging to proc- 
titis. 
Proc-ti'tis, f dis* [From 
the “anus.”] Inflammation of the anus, 
or of the rectum. 
443 Prop'lo-tele.'; [From vpmktii;, tho 
“anus,” and sijXn, a “tumor.”] Hernia, 
or prolapsus, of the anus. 
[From 
npojKTo;, the “anus,” and cystoto'mia, a 
“cutting into the bladder.”] Proctocys- 
tot'omy. The recto-vesical section for 
calculus. 
Proe-to-dyn'I-a.® [From vpwKros, 
the “anus,” and diimj, “pain.”] Spas- 
modic pain of the anus or rectum. 
Pr©c-top-to'«na, at is.* [From npwK- 
tothe “anus,” and Trnlipa, a “fall.”] A 
fall, or prolapse, of the anus. 
Proc-top-to'sis.* The progress or 
formation of proctoptoma. 
Proc-tot'o-my. [Proctoto'inia; 
from Trpo)<TOi, the “ anus,” and re/tvio, to 
“cut.”] The cutting of the anus or 
rectum, as in imperforate anus; the 
operation for fistula in ano, etc. 
Pro-cum'bcnt. [ Propuill'bens; 
from procnm'bo, to “lie down flat,” to 
“lean upon.”] Lying on the ground; 
trailing. Applied to plants. 
Pro'droins. [ Prod romus: from 
irpdtipopos, "running before.”] A fore- 
runner. Applied to some affections 
which indicate the supervention of an- 
other disease, as vertigo is sometimes 
said to be a prodrome or precursor of 
apoplexy. 
Pro-e-gu'me-nal, or Pro-e-gn'me- 
nous. [Propg'ii'mentis; from upov- 
yiopai, to “ lead the way.”] That which 
precedes: predisposing. 
Prne-o'tl-a,* or pre-o'she-a. [From 
7TO&M, “early,” “prematurely.”] A gene- 
ric term applied by Dr. Good to the dif- 
ferent forms of sexual (or genital) pre- 
cocity. 
Pro-flu'vl-a.* [Plural ofproflu'nium, 
a “flux.”] Fluxes with fever; an order 
of the class Pyrexia of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
Pro-found'. [Profun'dus; from 
pro'cul a fun'do, “far from the bottom.”] 
Deep. Applied to vessels, nerves, mus- 
cles, etc., from their relative situation as 
to others. 
Profusio,* pro-fu'zhe-o. [From pro, 
“forth,” and fun' do, fit'sum, to “pour.”] 
A loss of blood. A genus of the order 
Apocenoses, or increased secretions, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Prog-na'thous. [From vpo, “forth,” 
or “forward,” and yrdOo;, a “jaw.”] A 
term applied to a head or cranium in 
which the jaw projects much farther 
forward than the forehead. 
Proff-no'sis.* [From np6, “before,” 
PRO 
and yiyviMKM, to “know.”] The know- 
ledge of a disease, drawn from a con- 
sideration of its signs and symptoms. 
Prog-nos'tic. [From the same.] 
Applied to the symptoms from a con- 
sideration of which a prognosis of any 
particular disease is formed. 
Pro-la'bi-um.* [From pro, “be- 
fore,” and la'bium, a “lip.”] The ex- 
treme prominent part of the lip. Also 
termed Piiocheilum. 
Pro-lap'sus.® [From prola'bor, pro- 
lap' sus, to “slip or fall forth,” to “fall 
down.”] (Fr. Chute, shut.) Aprotrusion, 
as well as falling down, of a part of some 
viscus, so as to bo partly external or un- 
covered. Applied to the anus, uterus, 
etc. A genus of the order Ectopia, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Pi'olap'sus A'ni,® or t’rolaji sus 
Rec'ti.* (“Prolapse of the Anus or of 
the Rectum.”) A falling down of tlio 
extremity of the rectum, occurring at any 
period of life. 
Prolap sus Ir'klis* [from »'«»]. A 
prolapse or protrusion of the iris through 
a wound of the cornea. 
Prolap'sus IJ'te-ri.® (“ Prolapse of 
the Uterus.”) Protrusion of the womb 
beyond or at the vulva. 
Prolate Spheroid. See Spheroid. 
Pro-lif-er-ii'tion. [Prollfera'tio; 
see Proliferous.] Literally, the de- 
velopment of new branches, flowers, etc., 
from the older ones; more especially 
applied to the appearance of buds or 
flowers on a part of a plant which docs 
not usually produce them. Applied in 
a similar manner to both normal and mor- 
bid growths, etc., in the animal economy. 
Pro-lif'cr-ous. [From pro'Us, “ off- 
spring,” and fe'ro, to “bear,” or “pro- 
duce.”] Producing buds, branches, and 
flowers from older ones, or from unusual 
places. See Proliferation. 
Pro-inethe-an. [From Promc'thens, 
who is fabled to have stolen fire from 
heaven in a hollow reed (or tube).] A 
small glass tube or bulb filled with con- 
centrated sulphuric acid, and surrounded 
with an inflammable mixture, which it 
ignites on being pressed, affording an 
instantaneous light. 
Proin'i-nencc. [Proinhion'tia; 
from promin'eo, to “jut out,” to “stand 
out.”] The state of being prominent. 
Also, a projection, protuberance, or emi- 
nence. 
Prom'on-to-ry. [Promonto’ri- 
um; from pro, “forwards,” and mans, a 
“mountain.”] A point of high land 
PRO 
444 PRO 
PRO 
extending into the sea; a headland. 
Applied to a small projection at the 
inner wall of the cavity of the tympa- 
num. 
Prom'ontory of tlie Sacrum. 
[Pronionto'riuni Os'sis Sa'eri.] Ap- 
plied to the superior or projecting por- 
tion of the sacrum when in situ in the 
pelvis. 
Pro-na'tion. [Prona'tio, o'nis; 
from pro'nus, “having the face down- 
ward,” “prone.”] The act of turning 
the palm of the hand downwards. 
Pro-na'tor, o'ris.* [From the same.] 
Applied to certain muscles used in the 
act of pronation. 
Prona'tor Qiiarf-ra'tus.* (“ Square 
Pronator [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
from the edge of the ulna, and inserted 
into the edge of the radius. This mus- 
cle and the pronator teres turn the radius 
and the hand inwards. 
Prona'tor Te'res.® (“Round Pro- 
nator [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
from the inner condyle of the humerus 
and the coronoid process of the ulna, 
and inserted into the middle of the 
radius. 
Proof Spirit. See Spiritus Tenu- 
IOR. 
Prop. See Fulcrum. 
Pro-pa'go, g'inis.* A Latin word 
signifying a cutting, shoot, or stock of a 
vine or other plant, by setting which in 
the soil, new vines, etc. are produced. In 
Anatomy, the smaller branches of vessels 
and nerves have been called propag'ines. 
Propli-y-lac'tie. [Prophylac'ti- 
ctis; from npo, “before,” or “before- 
hand,” and <pv\doacj, to “guard.”] Be- 
longing to prophylaxis. Applied to any 
means used for the preservation of health 
or prevention of disease. 
Propb-jMax'is.* [Gr. 
from the same.] Literally, “caution,” 
or “providence.” The art of guarding 
against disease; the observation of the 
rules necessary to the preservation of 
health or prevention of disease. 
Prop'o-Iis.* [From irp6, “before,” 
and otXis, a “ city.”] Literally, a “ sub- 
urb or outwork of a city.” Bee-bread; 
a resinous substance collected by bees 
from the buds of trees, and used by them 
to line the cells of a new comb, or to 
stop crevices, and thus to defend their 
dwelling against the cold or other ene- 
mies. 
Pro-por'tlons, Uef A term 
applied to the proportions in which 
chemical substances which have a strong 
attraction for each other mutually com- 
bine: thus, if sulphuric acid be saturated 
with caustic potash, it will be found that 
they always combine in the proportion 
of forty of the acid to forty-eight of the 
alkali. See Equivalents. 
Pro Re Kata. See Pno, etc. 
Pros (npog). A Greek preposition, 
usually signifying, when combined with 
other words, “to,” or “in addition to.” 
Pro -scc'tor, ©'ns.'*5' [From j»'o, 
“for,” and se'co, sec'turn, to “cut.”] Pro- 
perly, one who cuts or dissects for another: 
one who prepares the subject for the lec- 
turer on anatomy. 
Pros-en'ehy-ma.* [From npog, “in 
addition to,” and en'chyma, “that which 
is poured or deposited within.” See Pa- 
renchyma.] A name applied to certain 
vegetable tissues. 
Pros-o-paI'£I-a.* [From rpcauiror, 
the “face,” or “countenance,” and uXyoj, 
“ pain.”] Pain in the face, or neuralgia 
of the face. 
Pro-so'po-Io'g'i-a.* [From rpdcemor, 
the “face,” and Xoyov, a “discourse.”] 
A dissertation on the countenance; the 
science of physiognomy: prosopol'ogy. 
Pro -so'po-man-ti'a.* [From rpumo- 
tcov, the “face,” and pavrtia, “prophesy- 
ing.”] Prognosis from examination of 
the countenance. 
Pro-so'po-neu-r&l'&i-a.* [From 
irpoacmor, the “face,” and neural'gia.] 
Neuralgia, or pain in the nerves of the 
face. 
Pros-ta-tal'gl-H.* [From pros'tata 
glan'dula, the “ prostate gland,” and 
dXyof, “ pain.”] Pain in the prostate 
gland. 
Pros-ta-taux'c.* [From pros'tata 
glan'dula, the “prostate gland,” and 
av\t7, “increase.”] Enlargement of the 
prostate gland. 
Prostate. [Pros'talus; from np6, 
“before,” and Wr/u, to “stand.”] Ap- 
plied to the large heart-shaped gland 
below the neck of the urinary bladder, 
and behind the bulb of the urethra. 
Pros-tat'ic. [Prostat'icus.] Be- 
longing to the prostate gland. 
Pros-tn-ti'tis. idis* Inflammation 
in the prostate gland. 
Pros'tlie-sis.5' [From irp6g, “to,” or 
“in addition to,” and riOr/pi, to “put,” or 
“place.”] In Surgery, the addition of 
an artificial part to replace that which 
has been lost or destroyed, as, for example, 
an artificial eye. See Rhinoplastic. 
Pros'trate. [Prostra'tus; see 
Prostration.] Lying at length ; abject; 
445 PRO 
PIIU 
lying flat on the ground. Applied to 
certain plants. 
Pros-tra'tion. [Prostra'tio, o'nis; 
from proster'no, prostra'turn, to “cast or 
beat down,” to “lay flat.”] Extreme 
feebleness, or exhaustion, the effect of 
disease; dejection. 
Pro'te-an. [From Pro'teus, a Gre- 
cian deity who possessed the power of 
changing himself into the most diverse 
and opposite appearances.] Assuming 
many different forms. 
Pro'te-I-form. [Proteifor'mis; 
from the same.] Changing its form. 
Pro'te-in, or Pro'te-Ine. [Protei'- 
na; from Trptnrcvio, to “be first.”] A 
definite compound of oxygen, hydrogen, 
carbon, and nitrogen, forming the basis 
of the most important constituents of 
animal fibrin, albumen, casein, gluten, 
and legumen. 
Pro-te-I-na'ceous Prin'cl-ples. A 
term applied to albuminous alimentary 
principles, from their yielding protein. 
Their composition is identical with that 
of the constituents of blood. 
Prot-e-rau'tlious. [From nporepos, 
“earlier,” and avtio;, a “ flower.”] Applied 
to plants of which the flowers are pro- 
duced earlier than the leaves. 
Pro-tlio'rax, a'cis.* [From npo, 
“before,” and 9 bpof, the “chest.”] The 
anterior segment of the thorax in insects. 
Pro'to-. [From npHro;, “first.”] A 
prefix denoting the first degree of com- 
bination. See Protoxide. 
Pro'to-C'om'pound. A binary com- 
pound of single equivalents of salt- 
radical and basyl. 
Pr o-to-pby 1T it in .* [From npio-ro;, 
“first,” and <l>v\\oi>, a “leaf.”] A seminal 
leaf: a pro'tophyl. 
Pro'to-pliyte. [Protopli'ytum: 
from irfMTo;, “ first,” and ipvroj, a “plant.”] 
Applied to the Alyx, Lichens, etc., re- 
garded as the first productions of the 
vegetable kingdom. See Primalia. 
Pro-topTsi-sis.* [From irpwro;,“ first,” 
and 7rXiierif, a “ moulding.”] The primary 
formation of a thing. 
Pro-to-plas'ma, at is.* [From irpin- 
to;, “first,” and irXaimw, to “form.”] The 
nitrogenous substance from which the 
cell-nucleus is formed. 
Pro'to-plast. [Protoplas'ta; from 
the same.] A primary formation. 
Pro-tox 'I-dat-cd. [ Protoxyda'- 
tus.] Converted into a protoxide. 
Pro-tox'lde. [ Protox'yduni: from 
pro'to-, and ox'ydum, an “ oxide.-”] When 
there are several different oxides of the 
same substance, the protoxide is that 
which is the first in the scale, or which 
has the smallest quantity of oxygen. 
Protruding'. See Exserted. 
Pro-lu 'be-rance. [Protuberan'- 
tia; from pro, “forth,” and tu'ber, a 
“ swelling.”] A swelling; an apophysis; 
a process. 
Proud Flesh. A popular term for 
Fungus; commonly applied to any re- 
dundant growth of healthy granulation. 
Prox'i-mad. The same as Proxi- 
mal, used adverbially. 
Prox'I-mal. [From prox'imus, the 
“nearest.”] Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
meaning towards the end nearest the 
trunk, when treating of the aspects of 
the four extremities. 
Prox'i-matc [fromprox'imus, “ next,” 
or “nearest”] Pause. Literally, the 
“cause which is next” to the disease 
itself. That which occurs immediately 
after the exciting cause of any disease, 
being that particular condition of the 
system (or of an organ) in which the dis- 
ease consists. 
Prox'ionatc Prin'cl-ples. Distinct 
compounds which exist ready formed in 
animals and vegetables, such as albu- 
men, gelatine, etc., in the former, and 
sugar, gum, starch, etc., in the latter. 
Prox. luc. = Prox'imd lu'cej* “The 
day before.” 
Pru-i'na.® [From jrptoiVrff, “belong- 
ing to the morning.”] Hoar-frost. Also, 
“bloom,” or the tlour-like substance ob- 
served on ripe fruit, especially plums. 
Pru'l-nate, Pru'I-nose. [Prui- 
na'tus, or Pruino'sus.] Appearing 
as if frosted over, or covered with flour, 
like certain fruits. 
Prune. [Pru'mim.] The dried fruit 
of the Prunns domesticn. See Prunum. 
Pru'nl-form. [Prunif'or'inis; from 
pru'num, a “plum.”] Having the ap- 
pearance of a plum; plum-shaped. 
Pru'nin. [Pruni'na: from pru'nus 
cer'asus, the “cherry-tree.”] The same 
as Cerasin. See Tragacanthin. 
Pru'num.* [From Pru'nus, a “plum- 
tree.”] A plum, or prune. The Phar- 
macopoeial name || of the prepared fruit 
of the Primus domestica. It is nutritious 
and laxative. 
Pru'num (Jal'll-cuni.* (“French 
Plum.”) Another name for the prune. 
See Prunitm. 
Pru'nus.*' [From trpovvri, the “plum- 
tree.”] A Linnasan genus of the class 
Icosandria, natural order Drupacete. 
Pru'nus Ihi-nusli-ra.* (“Do- 
446 mestic Plum.”) The plum, or damson- 
tree, the dried fruit of which constitutes 
the prune. 
Pru'nus I.au 'ro-Cf'r'ii-sns.® The 
cherry-tree laurel, or poison-laurel. It is 
a nervous sedative, and is used for the 
same purposes as Prussic Acid. 
Pru'mis Vir-fcin-I-a'na.* Wild- 
cherry Bark. The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the bark of Cer'asus 
Serot'ina (of Decandolle). This valua- 
ble remedy combines the virtues of a 
tonic, with the property of allaying irri- 
tation and nervous excitability. It has 
been given with excellent effect in in- 
cipient phthisis and scrofulous affections 
accompanied with hectic fever. 
I’ni-rigo. g'inis.* [From pru'rio, 
to “itch.”] A papular eruption affecting 
the whole surface of the skin, or confined 
to some particular part or organ, ac- 
companied with a sense of constant itch- 
ing. Also termed Pruritus. 
Pru-ri'tus.* [From the same.] An 
intense degree of itching. Also, the same 
as Prurigo, which see. 
Prussian Blue. A well-known 
pigment of a rich blue color: so called 
because it was discovered by Diesbach, 
a Prussian chemist. It has generally 
been considered as a ferrocyanate of the 
peroxide of iron ; but, according to Ber- 
zelius, it is a double eyanuret,—that is, 
a ferrocyanuret of the sesquicyanuret of 
iron. 
Prussiate, prush'e-at. [Prus'sias, 
a'tis.\ A combination of prussic acid 
with a base. 
Prus'siate of Pot'asli. Another 
name for ferrocyanide or ferrocyanuret 
of potassium, a substance occurring in 
the form of yellow crystals. It is much 
used as a test of the presence of metals, 
and especially of iron, the peroxide of 
which it throws down from its solutions 
in the state of Prussian blue. See Po- 
tassii Fkrrocyanidum. 
Prus'sic A$'ld. [Af'idum I’rus'- 
Kicum.] A common name applied to 
hydrocyanic acid, because it was formerly 
supposed to be an ingredient in Prussian 
blue. This acid is a nervous sedative, 
and the most deadly poison known, a 
single drop being sufficient in some cases 
to destroy life; yet minute doses of the 
dilute acid are sometimes administered 
with advantage in pulmonary affections. 
PniN'Min. [PriiHMi'iiii; from Prus- 
sian blue.] Another name for cyanogen. 
Psa'lis, id is.* [Gr. i(/aX?s, an “arch,” 
or “ vault.”] Also termed Cor pus Psa- 
PRU 
loi'des* (“arch-like body”), and For'- 
nix CSr'ebri* (“vault of the brain”). 
See Fornix. 
In all words beginning with ps, 
the p is silent.) 
Psal-lo-i'ileA." [From tpaXbw, to 
“play on a stringed instrument,” and elSos, 
a “form.”] Resembling a psalter, harp, 
or cithara: psalloid. 
INa-lo-i'(les.« [From i/'aXi's, an 
“arch,” or “vault,” and cUo$, a “form.”] 
Resembling an arch : psa'loid. See Psa- 
lis. 
Psnlteriuin. See Lyra. 
Psam-ino'«le&.:* [From ipaygog, 
“sand.”] Sandy, or full of sand. See 
Sabulous. \ 
Psel-lis'mtis.* [From rpeWtZtn, to 
“stammer.”] Hesitation of speech; 
stammering; bad utterance. A genus 
of the order Dyscinesise, class Locales, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Psefi-dies-the'si-a,* or I’scu-das- 
the'sis.* [From ipevSr/s, “ false,” and 
aiaOavofiai, to “feel.”] (Fr. Pseudesthesie, 
False or imaginary feel- 
ing or sensation; imaginary sense of 
touch in organs that have been long 
removed, as often experienced by those 
who have suffered the amputation of 
some limb. 
Pseii-da'plie,* or Pseii-da’plil-a.* 
[From ip£"(5i7f, “false,” and d<[>fi, the “sense 
of touch.”] The same as Pseudassthe- 
sia, which see. 
INcii-clar-tliro'sis.' [From ipevirjs, 
“false,” and arthro'sis, “articulation.”] 
The formation of a false joint. 
I’sciHlo-iilcpsl-a,® or Pseii-do- 
blep'sis.* [From ipevdfis, “ false,” and 
a “ beholding.”] Depraved sight, 
in which objects are imagined, or seen 
different from what they are; false vision. 
A genus of the order Pyseesthesise, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
[From ipevitjs, 
“false,” and Kvr\atg, “pregnancy.”] A 
mole, or false conception. 
I*M‘ii-do-meiii hrune. [ Pseudo- 
mcmbra'na: from ipcvlrjs, “ false,” and 
membra'na, a “membrane.”] A false 
membrane. An organized layer of effused 
lymph, the effect of inflammation; like 
the membrane which is formed in croup. 
Psen'do-scope. [From ipcviris, 
“false,” and astmtoi, to “observe,” or 
“see.”] An instrument invented by 
Mr. Wheatstone for producing the con- 
version of the relief of any solid object 
to which it is directed, thus conveying 
to the mind a false perception of all ex. 
PSE 
447 PSE 
PSY 
ternal objects by transposition of the 
distances of the points which compose 
them. The inside of a teacup, for ex- 
ample, appears a solid convex body, and 
a small globe looks like a concave hemi- 
sphere. 
Pseu'do-Vol-can'ic. Belonging to 
or produced by a pseudo-volcano. 
Pseu'do-Vol-ea'no. A volcano which 
emits smoke or flame, but never lava. 
Applied, also, to a burning coal-mine. 
Pso-ad'I-cus.® [From ip6a, the “ loin.”] 
Belonging to the loins, or to the psote 
muscles: psoad'ic. 
Pso-swlo-to'ml-a.* [From pso'as, 
and Tepvco, to “cut.”] A cutting into tho 
psoas muscles. 
Pso'se.* [Plural of Pso'a; Gr. 
The loins. Also applied to two pairs of 
muscles of the loins. 
Pso'as,ados.* [Fromipoa, the “loin.”] 
Of the loin or loins. Applied to two 
muscles of each loin, the psoas magnus 
and parvus. 
INo'as Ab'scess. (That is, abscess 
of the loins.) See Lumbar Abscess. 
Pso'as Mag'ims.* (“Great [Mus- 
cle] of the Loins.”) A muscle arising 
from the last dorsal and the four supe- 
rior lumbar vertebras, and inserted into 
the lesser trochanter of the os femoris. 
It moves the thigh forward. 
Pso'as Par vus.® (“ Small [Muscle] 
of the Loins.”) A muscle arising from 
the last dorsal vertebra, and inserted 
into the brim of the pelvis: it is very 
often wanting. It bends the spine upon 
the pelvis. 
Pso-i'tfs, id is* [From pso'se."] In- 
flammation of the sheath of the psoas 
muscles. 
Pso'ra.* [Gr. xpiipa; Fr. Gale, gSl, or 
Itognc, ron.] The itch. A genus of the 
order Dialyses, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology; also termed Scabies. 
Pso-rel-co'ma, atisfi [From tpcopa, 
the “itch,” and tX*a>pa, an “ulcer.”] A 
scabious ulcer. 
Pso-rel-co'sis.* The progress of 
psorelcoma: scabious ulcerat ion. 
Pso-ri'a-sis,* or so-re-a'sis. [From 
ip-bpa, the “itch.”] A cutaneous disease, 
characterized by a rough, scaly cuticle, 
continuous, or in separate, irregular 
patches; generally with fissures of the 
skin. Often called scaly tetter. 
Psori'asLs Dif-fu'sa.* (“ Diffused 
Psoriasis.”) A variety of psoriasis, at- 
tacking persons pursuing different trades, 
and variously denominated baker’s, 
bricklayer’s, grocer’s itch, etc. 
Psori'asis Gut-ta'ta.* (“Spotted 
Psoriasis.”) Small, distinct, but irregu- 
lar patches of laminated scales, with 
little or no inflammation round them, 
rarely exceeding a half an inch in diame- 
ter, having neither tho raised edges nor 
oval or circular form of the other varie- 
ties of lepra. 
P.sori'awis <»y-ra'ta.::f A species 
distributed in narrow patches or stripes, 
variously figured or gyrated. 
PNori'aKiK In-fan-tilis.* (“Infan- 
tile Psoriasis.”) The dry tetter affecting 
infants between two months and two 
years of age; irregular, scaly patches of 
various size, on the cheeks, breast, back, 
nates, and thighs. 
Psori'asis In-vet-e-ra'ta.* (“ In- 
veterate Psoriasis.”) Characterized by 
an almost universal scalincss, with a 
harsh, dry, and thickened state of the 
skin. 
Pso'ric. [Lat. Pso'ricus; Fr. Ga- 
Icux, gAluh'.) Belonging to psora, or 
itch. 
Pso-ro'de£.* [From \pupa, the “ itch.”] 
Resembling psora ; also, having the itch; 
pso'rous. 
Pso-ro-i'des.® [From ihcopu, the “itch,” 
and £i60s, a “ form.”] Resembling psora: 
pso'roid. 
Pso-rojeti-tliiil'ini-a.5 [From 
the “itch,” and the “eye.”] In- 
flammation of tho eye attended with 
itchy ulcerations. 
iSo-ropEi-tlialinic. [Psoropli- 
tBial'micus.] Belonging to psoroph- 
thalmia. 
Psy-ctil-a-tri'a.* [From 'pvXfi, the 
“soul,” or “mind,” and iarpeia, a “heal- 
ing.”] The medical treatment of dis- 
orders of the mind. 
Psy'<*5ii-cal. [Psy'chicus; from 
ipvx>j, “soul,” or “mind.”] Belonging to 
the mind or intellect. 
INy'ctiical Item'e-dies. These con- 
sist in tho employment of the mental 
affections to promote the healthy func- 
tions of the body, or to modify the pro- 
gress of disease. 
Psychology, si-kol'o-je. [Psyclio- 
lo'g'ia; from 4,vX,'i> the. “soul,” and Xayo;, 
a “discourse.”] The doctrine of the 
soul, or mind. In its larger acceptation, 
it is synonymous with mental philosophy. 
Psy-v-lto-no-solo-gy. [Psycho- 
nosolo'gia; from if >X>i, the “soul,” or 
“mind,” and nosolo'gia, the “doctrine of 
diseases.”] The doctrine or science of 
mental diseases. 
Psy-cho-path'lc. [Psychopath'!* 
448 PSY 
PTO 
cns.] Belonging to psychopathy, or 
mental disease. 
Psy-ehop'a-thy. [Psyebopathi'a; 
from the “soul,” or “mind,” and 
77000,-, an “affection,” a “disease.”] Men- 
tal disease or affection. 
Psy-«ho'sis.‘* [From ipoxn, the 
“soul,” or “mind.”] Affection of the 
mind. Applied in the plural (Psycho'ses) 
to a class of such affections. 
Psy-t‘lirom'e-ter. [Psycliroino- 
trnm; from ipvxpos, “ cold,” “ chilly,” or 
“damp,” and phpov, a “measure.”] An 
instrument for measuring the amount 
of the aqueous vapor contained in the 
atmosphere. 
Psy-dra'eious. [Psydra'cins; 
from psydra’ cium.] Having psydracia; 
of the nature of a psydrncium. 
Psydracium,® si-dra'she-um. [Di- 
minutive of <piipa(, a “small blister.”] 
A minute species of pustule causing a 
slight elevation of the cuticle, and ter- 
minating in a laminated scab. 
Ptar'mic. [Ptar'micns; from 
irraipw, to “sneeze.”] Causing to sneeze; 
sternutatory. 
(In all words beginning with pt, 
thep is silent.) 
Pte-rig'e-mis.* [From -rmpis, the 
“fern,” and yivw, to “be born,” to 
“grow.”] Growing upon ferns. 
PterigiTiphi!!,* ter-e-gra'fi-a, or 
Pte-rig'ra-phy. [From vrepi;, a “ fern,” 
and ypcujHo, to “ write.”] A description of 
ferns. 
Pif-r-o-oarpoiis. [ Pterocar'pns; 
from vrepdr, a “ wing,” and xapmos, “fruit.”] 
Having winged fruits. 
Pteroearpus,® ter-o-kar'pus. [From 
the same.] A Linnaean genus of the 
class Diadelphia, natural order Legnmi- 
nosse. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
(Br. Ph.) for the wood of the Pterocarpus 
santalinus. 
Pterocar'pus Itra'co.® The syste- 
matic name of one of the trees which 
yields dragon’s blood. 
Pteroear'pus Saii-ta-Ii'n us.- The 
systematic name of the tree the wood of 
which is called red Saunders, Sanders, or 
sandal; termed also Santnlum rubrum. 
Pt Or-o-oaislis.® [From vrepov, a 
‘‘wing,” and can'Us, a “stem.”] Having 
i winged stem. Applied to certain plants. 
Pte-ro-i'des.® [From ttrepov, a “ wing,” 
and cliof, a “form.”] Resembling a 
wing: pte'roid. See Pterygoid. 
Pte->roph'o-rus.* [From impor, a 
“wing,” and fiepw, to “bear.”] Having 
wings : pteroph'orous. 
Pte-rop'o-da.® [Fromvrepdr, a“wing,” 
and ttovs, voids, a “ foot.”] The fourth class 
of the Cyclo-yungliata or Mollusks, con- 
sisting of small, soft, floating marine ani- 
mals, which swim by the contractions of 
two lateral musculo-cutaneous fins. 
Pteropods. See Pteropoda. 
Pte-rop'o-dus.* [From the same.] 
Having winged feet or winged petioles. 
Applied to certain plants; also to an 
order of Mollusks. See Pteropoda. 
Pter-o-sper'imis.* [From vrepov, a 
“wing,” and oveppa, a “seed.”] Having 
winged seed or fruit, as the tiida ptero- 
sperma. 
Pt£r-o-sty 'lus.* [From vnpdv, a 
“wing,” and o-riXos, a “pillar,” a “style.”] 
Having the style compressed and broad 
in the form of a wing; pterosty'lous. 
Pte-ry£'I.um.* [From nrfpt'J, a 
“wing.”] A membranous excrescence 
on the internal canthus of the eye, ex- 
panding on the albuginea and cornea 
towards the pupil. 
Pt£r-y-go'des.:i:' [From a 
“wing.”] Having wings. 
Ptfir'y-goid. [Pt«*rygoi'«Ies; from 
7trrpvj, a “wing,” and tiros, a “form.”] 
Resembling a wing. 
Ptir-J-go-i'de-ns.* [From the same.] 
Connected with the pterygoid process. 
Ptcrygoi'dcus Ex-ter'nus.* A 
muscle arising from the outer plate of 
the pterygoid process, etc., and inserted 
into the condyle of the lower jaw. 
Pterygoi'dous Iii-torTms.® A 
muscle arising from the inner plate of 
the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
bone, and inserted into the inside of the 
angle of the lower jaw. This and the 
preceding muscle move the jaw from 
side to side, and perform the action of 
grinding with the teeth. 
Pt6r'y-go-Pliar-yn-fee'H8.* A syno- 
nym of the constrictor superior muscle 
of the pharynx, because it arises from 
the pterygoid process of the sphenoid 
bone. 
Pter'ygo-Stapli-y-li'nns.* [From 
(rra<pv\>j, a “grape;” also, the “uvula.”] 
The name of a muscle arising from the 
pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, 
and inserted into the velum palati. 
Ptisane,ti-zan' ortiz'an. [Ptis'ana; 
from 7rn'(Ti7(o, to “ bruise.”] Barley pounded 
and made into balls; also, a drink made 
of farinaceous substances boiled in water 
and sweetened. 
Pto'sis.* [From vtow, to “ fall.”] A 
falling, or prolapsus. 
Pto'sis Pal'pe-brse.* (“Falling of 
449 PTY 
PUL 
the Eyelid.”) Inability to raise the 
upper eyelid. 
Ptyalas'Ogue, tt-al'a-gog. [Pty- 
alago'gus; from itriaXov, “ spittle,” and 
ayco, to “carry or bring away.”] Pro- 
moting or increasing the flow of saliva; 
termed also Sialagogue. 
Pty'ii-lin, or Pty'a-IIne. [Ptya- 
li'iia; from irruaXo', “spittle.”] A con- 
stituent principle peculiar to saliva, and 
on which its faint, sickly, or salivary 
odor depends. 
Pty'a-Iism. [ Ft yal is'in us; front 
nruaiXifa, to “spit abundantly.”] In- 
creased and involuntary flow of saliva. 
A genus of the order Apocenoses, class 
Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
1‘ly-a-lopli l Ill-sis.® [From nrva\ov, 
“spittle,”and tyQ'uns, a “ wasting.”] Tabes 
salic alia, or wasting from excessive sali- 
vation. 
Pty'a-lum.® [From irrvaXov, “spit- 
tle.”] The secretion called saliva; mu- 
cus from the bronchia: spittle. 
Pn'ber-ty. [Pnber'tas, n't is ; from 
pu'beo, to “be in the bloom of youth,” 
to “grow to maturity.”] The earliest 
age at which young persons are marriage- 
able, or have the power of procreating 
offspring. See JEtas. 
Pu'beS,® gen. Pu'bts. [From the 
same.] The external part of the gene- 
rative region, which is more or less cov- 
ered with hair after puberty. Also ap- 
plied to the down on leaves, stems, seeds, 
etc., of certain plants; pubescence. 
Pu-bfe'tcnce. [Pubescen'tia; 
from pubea'co, to “bud,” or “bloom,” to 
“ have down, or incipient beard.”] Fine 
hair, or down, closely pressed to the 
surface of leaves, stems, etc. 
Pii-b6s'$eiit. [Pubes'cens; from 
the same.] Covered with downy hair. 
Pu'bie. [Publcus.] Belonging to 
the pubes. 
Pu-bX-flo'rus.® [From pn'bes, 
“down,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Applied 
to plants having the calyx or the corolla 
covered with light down : pubiflo'rous. 
Pu-big'er-ous. [Pnbig erns; from 
pn'bes, “ down,” or “ soft hair,” and tje'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing down. 
Pu’bis, Os.® (“Bone of the Pubes.”) 
A bone constituting the anterior portion 
of the Oi iunominatum, but forming a se- 
parate bone in the foetal pelvis. 
Pti-den'da,* gen. Pn-deit-do'ruin, 
the plural of Pudendum, which see. 
■'mioil 'da Vl-ro riim.® [From vir, 
a “man.”] The male organs of genera- 
tion. 
Pu-den'da-ijra.® [From pnden'da, 
the “private parts,” and uypii, a “seizure.”] 
Pain in the pudenda. 
Pii-den'tlum,® gen. Pu-ilen'di. 
[From pu'deo, to “have shame, or mo- 
desty.”] The genital organs, or parts of 
generation, of either sex, taken as a 
whole; also used, perhaps more correctly, 
in the [dural (pnden'da). 
Pudendum tlu-n-ehre [from 
mu'Her, a “woman”]. The female parts 
of generation, collectively. 
. Pu'd io, or Pn'dl-cal. [ Pud ions: 
from pu'deo, to “have shame, or mo- 
desty.”] Belonging to the pudenda, or 
genital organs. 
Pu-er'pe-r$.® [From/m'er, a “ child,” 
and pa'no, to “ bring forth.”] A woman 
in childbed, or one who has been lately 
delivered. 
Pn-er'pe-ral. [Puerpcra'lis; from 
puer'pera.\ Belonging to, or consequent 
on, childbearing. 
Puer'peral Fe'ver. [Fe'brls 
Puerpera rum.] A severe febrile dis- 
ease which sometimes occurs in the puer- 
peral state, usually about the third day 
after childbirth,originating in an inflame d 
condition of the peritonaeum. Termed 
also me'tria [from phrpa, the “ womb”]. 
Puer'peral Hu nl-a. The delirious 
excitement occurring in puerperal fever. 
Pu-or-pe'rl-iim.* [From puer'pe- 
ra.\ The state or period of a woman in 
confinement. 
Pu-er-po-rop'y-ra.* [Front ptier- 
pe'rium, “confinement in childbed,” and 
trap, a “ fever.”] A term for puerperal 
fever. 
Pug1. = Pugit'lu*.* A “pugil,” or 
pinch between the finger and thumb. 
Pii-jgil'liis.® [Diminutive of pmf- 
n us, the “fist.”] A little handful; held 
to be about the eighth part of an ordinary 
handful. See preceding article. 
Pu-j?I-o'nI-form. [ Piig-iouifor'- 
mis; from pu'gio, a “poignard.”] Dag- 
ger-shaped; having the shape of a 
poignard. Applied to leaves. 
Pii-le'tfl-iiin.* [From pn'lcx, a 
“flea.”] The Pharinacopceial name 
(Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for the dried herb 
of Mentha Pulegium, which see. 
Pu'lex.® [Said to be derived from 
pnl'vie, “dust,” because they were sup- 
posed to be produced from it.] A flea; 
a species of insect in which a single im- 
pregnation suffices for at least six or 
seven generations.—(IIoblvn.) It is a 
curious fact, that in the warmer summer 
months, the young of this insect are 
450 PUL 
PUL 
produced viviparously ; and in the cooler 
autumnal months, oviparously. 
Pulmo,* gen. Pul-ino'nis (plural 
Pul-mo'ueA, g< n. Pul-nio'mim). (Fr. 
Pounion, poo’m(>N«'.) A Latin word sig- 
nifying a “lung,” or the “lungs.” See 
Lungs. 
Pul'ino-g-radeS, or Pul-mog'ra- 
«la.:;; [From pul'mo, a “lung,” and gra'- 
dior, to “ go,” to “ advance.”] The name 
of a tribe of Acalephans, including those 
gelatinous species which swim by the 
contraction of the vascular margin of a 
disk-shaped body, supposed to be their 
lungs. 
Pul-mom'e-ter. [Piilmom'etrum; 
from put'mo, the “ lungs,” and ptrpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the capacity of the lungs. 
Pul-mom'e-try. [Pulmome'tria; 
from pnl'mo, the “lungs,” and gcTpicj, to 
“measure.”] The measuring of the size 
or capacity of the lungs in reference to 
the quantity of air employed in respi- 
ration. See Spirometry. 
Pul'ino-im-ry. [Pulniouu'ris. or 
Pulmona'li*; from pnl'mo, pulmo'nis, 
the “lungs.”] (Fr. Pulmonaire, pul'ino’- 
neii'.) Of the lungs, or belonging to the 
lungs; pulmonic. 
Pul'inouary Con-sunip t ion. 
[Phthi'siN Pulinoua'lis.] A disease 
which in most northern temperate cli- 
mates causes more deaths than any other. 
Its usual symptoms are cough, emacia- 
tion, debility, and hectic fever, generally 
accompanied with purulent expectora- 
tion. In the later stages of this formi- 
dable malady, there is little hope of suc- 
cessful treatment. The aim of the phy- 
sician should, therefore, be to prevent the 
development of its worst symptoms, by 
timely precautions, namely, by a careful 
attention to proper clothing, by a judi- 
cious employment of external irritation, 
by the use of a mild but nutritious and 
strengthening diet, and, above all, by 
maintaining the tone of the system by 
means of suitable exercise in the fresh 
and open air. AVhen the strength of the 
patient is such as to admit of it, gentle 
exercise on horseback is especially to be 
recommended. Although a mild, dry 
atmosphere is always desirable, extensive 
observation has proved that the patient 
loses more by confinement to the house, 
than by a regular exposure (with proper 
precautions as to clothing, etc.) to all 
kinds of weather, except the very most 
inclement. See Climate. 
Pul'monary Plex us. The Iron- 
chlal plexus of nerves, or that formed at 
the back of the bronchia by the par 
vagum and great sympathetic nerves. 
Piil-ino'nes,* gen. Pul-nio'mun, 
the plural of Pulmo, which see. 
[From pul’mo, a 
“lung.”] Applied in the plural femi- 
nine (Pulmo'new) to an order of the Gas- 
teropoda which respire air through an 
opening in the margin of the mantle. 
Pul-mon'ic. [Pnliiioii'iriis; from 
pul'mo, a “lung.”] Synonymous with 
pulmonary. 
Pulinon'ic t'ir-cn-la'tion. The pas- 
sage of the blood from the right side of 
the heart through the pulmonary arte- 
ries to the lungs, and back to the left 
side of the heart through the pulmonary 
veins. This is also called the lesser cir- 
culation, in order to distinguish it from 
the greater circulation, or the passage of 
the blood from the left side of the heart 
through the aorta and its ramifications, 
and back again through the veins to 
the right side of the heart. 
Pul-mo-nif'er-oiiH. [Piilmonif 
crus; from pul'mo, a “ lung,” and /Pro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing or having lungs or 
bronchia. 
Pul-mo-ni'tis, idi».* [From pnl'mo, 
a “lung.”] Inflammation of the lungs. 
See Pneumonia. 
Pulp. [Piil'pa.] Originally, the 
fleshy part of meat; also, the pith of 
wood. Usually applied to the soft part 
of fruit, as distinguished from the seeds, 
skin, etc. 
Pulp of the Teeth, or Den'tnl 
Pulp. [Pul'pa Den'tis.] An ex- 
tremely sensitive pulpy substance, of a 
reddish or reddish-gray color, which fills 
the central cavity of the teeth. 
Pul'pous. [Pulpo'sus; from pul'- 
pa, “pulp.”] Having or resembling 
pulp. 
Pul'sa-tlle. [Pulsat'Ilis: from 
puf'so, pnlsa'tum, to “beat frequently,” 
to “throb.”] Beating; pulsating. 
Pul-sa-tilla.* A common name for 
the Anemo'ne pulsatil'la, a plant which 
is sometimes employed as a remedy in 
amaurosis and in certain cutaneous affec- 
tions. 
Pul-sa'tlon. [Pulsa'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] Any throbbing sensa- 
tion, resembling the beating of the pulse; 
the heart’s action extending to the arte- 
ries, felt in any part of the body. 
Pulse. [Puls.] Originally, “ gruel.” 
or “pottage.” Applied to leguminous 
plants or seeds, as peas, beans, etc. 
451 PUL 
PUL 
Pulse. [Pul'sus; from pel'lo, pul'- 
sum, to “drive,” to “beat,” or “strike.”] 
(Fr. Pauls, poo.) The beating of the 
arteries following the contractile action 
of the heart. The radial artery at the 
wrist is commonly made use of in order 
to ascertain the force, frequency, etc., of 
the general circulation. An examination 
of the pulse, taken in connection with 
other symptoms, is often of the greatest 
utility to the physician, in enabling him 
to determine the peculiar character of 
different diseases. 
Not merely the frequency and force, 
but the fulness, hardness, etc., as well as 
the opposite characteristics, are to be 
carefully noted. It is, however, of the 
utmost importance that the practitioner 
should take into consideration those 
variations, temporary or otherwise, which 
are not necessarily dependent on a state 
of disease. 
Not only may the force and frequency 
of the pulse be greatly increased by a 
mere temporary cause (such, for example, 
as extraordinary exertion, sudden alarm, 
etc.), but, owing to certain constitutional 
peculiarities, the pulse of some persons 
in a state of perfect health is uniformly 
much more frequent than the general 
average. As a general rule, the pulse iri 
persons of an excitable temperament is 
considerably more frequent than in those 
of an opposite character; it is usually 
more frequent in women than in men. It 
is estimated that the pulse of an adult 
male at rest, in a state of perfect health, 
has from sixty-five to seventy-five beats 
per minute. An infant at birth has from 
one hundred and twenty to one hundred 
and forty pulsations per minute; a child 
a year old, from one hundred and ten to 
one hundred and twenty ; at three years, 
from ninety to one hundred; at ten, 
from eighty or eighty-five to ninety; at 
puberty, about eighty. As life advances, 
the pulse usually becomes slower, until 
the infirmities of age begin, when, as a 
result of debility, it often increases in 
frequency. Of the different kinds or 
characters of the pulse, the following 
are, perhaps, the most deserving of no- 
tice :— 
1. Dicrotic Pulse. [See Dicrotic.] 
That in which the finger is struck twice 
(first forcibly, then lightly) at every 
pulsation. 
2. Filiform (or thread-like) Pulse. 
That in which the pulsating artery seems 
so narrow as to resemble a thread. 
3. Gaseous Pulse. One in which the 
artery seems full and very soft, as if it 
were filled with air. 
4. Hard Pulse. One which does not 
yield under the firm pressure of the 
finger. 
5. Intermittent Pulse. One in which 
the pulsation every now and then fails, 
or seems altogether wanting; a common 
symptom in diseases of the heart, though 
not unfrequently resulting from the de- 
rangement of the nervous system, caused 
by dyspepsia. 
6. Jerking Pulse. One in which the 
artery seems to strike the finger with a 
sudden start, or jerk. 
7. Quick Pulse. One which has a 
quick or sudden beat, though the inter- 
val between the beats may be of usual 
length. 
8. Small Pulse. One in which the 
pulsations arc both slender and weak. 
9. Tense Pulse. [From ten'sus, 
“stretched.”] One in which the artery 
seems stretched or filled to its utmost 
capacity. It resembles a hard pulse, 
but is more elastic. 
10. Wiry Pulse. One resembling the 
filiform pulse, with this difference, that 
it is very hard, as well as narrow. 
Thready, or Thread-like, Pulse. 
See Filiform Pulse. 
The significations of most of the other 
terms applied to the pulse (such as bound- 
ing, feeble, frequent, full, jarring or vi- 
brating, languid, soft, tremulous, etc.) seem 
so simple and obvious as to require no 
particular explanation. 
Pul-si-lc'gl-nm.- [From pul'sus, 
the “pulse,” and le’go, to “read,” to 
“gather the sense of,” hence, to “esti- 
mate.”] The same as Pulsimeter, which 
see. 
Pul-sim'e-ter. [Piilslm'etrum; 
from pul'sus, the “pulse,” and yirpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring the force or frequency of the 
heart or pulse. 
Pul-som'e-trum.* The same as 
Pulsimeter. 
Pul'sus Cor'dls.* (“ Pulse of the 
Heart.”) The impulse of the heart, or 
the shock communicated by the apex of 
the heart to the walls of the thorax in 
the neighborhood of the fifth and sixth 
ribs. This must not be confounded with 
the arterial pulse. 
Pul-tti'ceous. [Pulta'ceus; from 
puls, “pulse,” or “pap.”] Of the nature 
of pulse or pap. 
Pulv. = Pul'vis* a “powder,” or 
Pul'veres,* “powders.” 
452 PUL 
PUN 
Pul-ve-vii'eeous. [Pulvera'ceus; 
from pul'vis, a “powder,” or “dust.”] 
Covered with powder; dusty. 
Pnl'ver-ei,* gen. Pul'ver-um, the 
plural of Pclvis, which see. 
Pul'veres Ef- fer - ves - ?en'teS.* 
(“Effervescing Powders.”) Soda Pow- 
ders. Take of bicarbonate of soda, in 
fine powder, three hundred and sixty 
grains; tartaric acid, in fine powder, 
three hundred grains. Divide each of 
the powders into twelve equal parts, and 
keep the parts severally of the bicarbon- 
ate and of the acid in separate papers of 
different colors. 
Pul'veres Efferveseen'tes A-pe- 
ri-en'tes.* (“Aperient Effervescing 
Powders.”) Sedlitz Powders. Take of 
bicarbonate of soda, in fine powder, a 
troyounce; tartrate of potassa and soda, 
in fine powder, three troyounces; tartaric 
acid, in fine powder, four hundred and 
twenty grains. Mix intimately the bicar- 
bonate of soda with the tartrate of po- 
tassa and soda, and divide this mixture 
into twelve equal parts. Then divide the 
tartaric acid into the same number of 
equal parts. Lastly, keep the parts seve- 
rally of the mixture and of the acid in 
separate papers of different colors. 
Pul-v#r'u-lent. [Pulverulen'tus; 
from pul'vis, “powder,” or “dust.”] 
Covered with dust; dusty; powdery. 
Pul-vi'nar.* pillow, or cushion; 
hence, pulvi'nar (or cervica'le) lu'puli, a 
pillow of hops, employed for its soothing 
effects in mania and other diseases. 
Pul'vl-nat-ed. [Pulvina'tus; from 
pulvi'nus, a “cushion,” or “pillow.”] 
Having or resembling a cushion, or pil- 
low ; cushioned. 
Pul-vin'I-form. [Pulvinifor'mis; 
from the same.] Having the form of a 
cushion,—i.e. more or less hemispherical, 
and somewhat stuffed out. 
Pul'vis,* gen. Pul'ver-ss. (Fr. 
Pouclre, poodR.) A powder formed of 
any medicinal substance or substances. 
Pul'vis Al'o-es et t’a-nel'lse.* 
(“Powder of Aloes and Canella.”) Take 
of Socotrine aloes, in fine powder, twelve 
troyounces; canella, in fine powder, 
three troyounces. Rub them together 
until they are thoroughly mixed. 
Pul'vis An-tl-mo-ni-aTis* (“ Anti- 
monial Powder”), or Pul'vis An-ti- 
mo'nl-i Com-pos'I-tus* (“Compound 
Powder of Antimony”). A preparation 
composed of the peroxide of antimony 
and phosphate of lime. It is employed 
as a diaphoretic, and is intended as a 
substitute for James’s Powder, which is 
similar in composition. 
Pul'vis Ar-o-mat'I-cns.* (“Aro- 
matic Powder.”) Take of cinnamon, in 
fine powder, ginger, in fine powder, 
each two troyounces; cardamom, de- 
prived of the capsules and in fine pow- 
der, nutmeg, in fine powder, each a troy- 
ounce. Rub them together until they 
are thoroughly mixed. 
Pul'vis Ip-e-cae-u-an'Iase Com- 
pos'i-tus* (“Compound Powder of Ipe- 
cacuanha”), Pul'vis Ipccacuau 'Isse 
et O'pl-i,* 1850 (“Powder of Ipecacu- 
anha and Opium”), commonly known as 
“Dover’s Powder.” Take of ipecacu- 
anha, in fine powder, opium, dried and 
in fine powder, each sixty grains; sul- 
phate of potassa, a troyounce. Rub them 
together into a very fine powder. 
Pul'vis Ja-la'pse Com-pos'i-tus.* 
(“Compound Powder of Jalap.”) Take 
of jalap, in fine powder, a troyounce; 
bitartrate of potassa, in fine powder, 
two troyounces. Rub them together 
until they are thoroughly mixed. 
Pul'vis Rlie'i C'om-pos'i-tus.* 
(“Compound Powder of Rhubarb.”) 
Take of rhubarb, in fine powder, four 
troyounces; magnesia,twelve troyounces; 
ginger, in fine powder, two troyounces. 
Rub them together until they are tho- 
roughly mixed. 
Ptsm'Ice, orpu'miss. [Prom pti'mex, 
pu'micis, a “pumice-stone.”] A porous 
volcanic product, consisting chiefly of 
silica and alumina. 
Pu'mi-ci-form. [Pumicifor'mis; 
from the same.] Resembling pumice- 
stone. 
Pu-mi-co'sns.® [From the same.] 
Having or resembling pumice-stone: 
pu'micose. 
Pnne'ta,* the plural of Puxctum, 
which see. 
Pune'ta Iju'h-ry-ina'll-a.® (“ Lach- 
rymal Points.”) Two small orifices at 
the edges of the eyelids near the inner 
angle of the eye. 
Punc'tate. [Pumcta'tus; from 
punc'to, puncta'tum, to “point,” or 
“ prick.”] Dotted as if with punctures; 
punctured. 
Punc'tum,* plural Pune'ta. [From 
pun'go, punc'lum, to “prick.”] A point. 
In Geometry, that which has position 
but not magnitude. See Stitch. 
Punc'tnm Au're-uiu* (“Golden 
Point”), called also Mac'u-la Ru'te-a* 
(“Yellow Spot”). A small, orange- 
colored spot on the internal surface of 
453 PUN 
PUT 
,e retina and in the direction of the 
axis of the eye; termed also the Spot 
of Soemmering. 
Piinc'tum £*'ciun.* (“Blind 
Point or Spot.”) A spot in the centre 
of the retina where the central artery 
enters the eye. A ray of light falling on 
this point is not perceived. Also termed 
Bonus Opticus. 
t’um'tiim Sa'H-ens.® (“Starting 
or Springing Point.”) A name given 
by some writers to the first pulsations of 
the heart in the embryo; but, according 
to others, the first moving point that ap- 
pears after the fecundation of the germ. 
Pu'ui-ca.* [From Pii'nieus, “belong- 
ing to Carthage, or Northern Africa.”] 
A Linniean genus of the class Icosan- 
dria, natural order Myrtaccx. 
J’u'nica CJra-na'tuui.* The pome- 
granate-tree, the flowers of which, termed 
balaustine flowers, are used medicinally 
as astringents. 
Pu'pa.* [From pit'pus, a “puppet.”] 
The second condition of the metamor- 
phosis of insects; the chrysalis. 
Pupil. [PupH'la; from pu'pa, a 
“girl,” “baby,” or “doll.”] The round 
black opening in the centre of the iris. 
Pu'pil-la-ry Mem'forane. [Mem- 
bra'na Pupilla'ris.] See Velum Pu- 
PJLLA5. 
Pu-pip'a-rus.* [From pu'pa, a 
“ chrysalis,” andpa'rio, to “ bring forth.”] 
Pupip'arous; bringing forth in th& pupa 
state. Applied in the plural feminine (Pu- 
pip'arse) to a family of dipterous insects. 
Pupivorous. See PupiVorus. 
Pu-piv'o-rus.* [From pu'pa, a 
“chrysalis,” and vo'ro, to “devour.”] 
Pupiv'orous; papa-devouring. Applied 
in the neuter plural (Pnpiv'ora) to a 
family of hymenoptcrous insects. 
Pu-jMipJl'a-g-us.* [From pu'pa, and 
<J>iyo>, to “eat.”] The same as Pupivo- 
nus. 
Purgatif. See Purgative. 
Pitr-ga'tiou. [Purga'tio, Wilts; 
from pur'<jo, pnrya'tum, to “cleanse,” to 
“purge.”] A purging, or evacuating, of 
the bowels. 
Purga -five. [Purgati'vus ; from 
the same.] (Fr. Purgatif, 
Causing purgation ; increasing the alvine 
excretions. 
Pur'ghig. [Pur'gams; from the 
same.] Having the power of evacuating 
the bowels, etc. 
Pur'giaig' Flax. The common name 
for the Liman cathartieum. 
Pu'ri-form. [ Purifor'mis ; from 
pus, pu'ris, “ matter issuing from a sore.”] 
Resembling pus. 
Plir'pn-ra,.® [From “pur- 
ple.”] (Fr. Pourpre, pooRpa.) A pur- 
ple color. Also, a genus of univalve 
shellfish which secretes a purple dye. In 
Pathology, a disease in which there are 
small distinct purple specks and patches, 
with general debility, but not always 
with fever. 
Pur'pu ra Hiem-or-rhagl-ca.* 
Malignant petechial fever. 
Pnr'pu-irftte. [Pur'puras, a'U«.] 
A combination of purpuric acid with a 
salifiable base. 
I’llr-piiric. [Piirpii'rictis: from 
pnr'pura, “purple.”] Belonging to 
purple. Applied to an acid of a purple 
color obtained from calculi and other 
animal excretions. 
Pur-pii'ri-lbrs. [Purpura fora; 
from pnr'pura, “purple,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] The name of a family of Gas- 
teropodous Mollusks including those spe- 
cies belonging to the genus Jhirejc, which 
secrete the purple substance forming the 
celebrated Tyrian dye of the ancients. 
Piir'pu-rin, or Pur'pii-rine. 
[Purpuri'iia; from pnr'pura, “pur- 
ple.”] A substance prepared by boiling 
madder-root acted on by sulphuric acid 
with water and alum, and collecting the 
precipitate. Also found in urine. 
Pnr'ree. [From t”ipos, “yellowish 
red”?] A beautiful yellow pigment, 
brought from India. It is adapted for 
oil or water-color painting, and is known 
by the name of Indian yellow (Fr. Jaime 
Indien, zhon ax°'de-aN°'). 
Pu'ru-Ient. [Purulen'tus.] Con- 
sisting of pus; of the nature of pus. 
Pus,® gen. Pu'ris. [Gr. ktov.] A 
bland, cream-like fluid found in abscesses, 
or on the surface of sores; matter. 
Push. A pustule; an inflammatory 
swelling which differs from a boil in con- 
taining uniform and mature pus. 
Pus'tu-late. [Pnstiila'fus: from 
pus'tula, a “pustule.”] Having pustules; 
blistered. 
Pustule. [Pus'tulsi; diminutive 
of pus.] A small globate or conoidal 
elevation of the cuticle, containing pus, 
or lymph. 
B’u-t ii'iiien.® gen. Pu-1 am'i-nis. 
Originally, the “shell of a nut,” In 
Botany, the stone of a drupe, e.<j. a peach- 
stone, a plum-stone. Synonymous with 
Exdocarp. 
I’li-la-inin'e-us.® [From puta'men.] 
Belonging to a shell, or putamen. 
454 PUT 
PYR 
Pn-tre-fac' 1 ion. [ Put refac' t so, 
n'uis; from pn'tris, “rotten,” arid Ji'o, 
jac'tns, to “become.”] The spontaneous 
decomposition of animal or vegetable 
matters; the process of putrefying; rot- 
tenness. 
Pu-tr£s'«ence. [Putrescen'lia; 
from putres'eo, to “rot.”] A state of 
rottenness or putridity. 
Putrid Fever. See Typhus. 
Py-sc'inl-a,* or Py-o-hse'mI-a.* 
[From tvoj, “pus,” and man, “blood.”] 
Purulent blood, or a state of the blood 
in which pus globules are found floating 
among the proper blood disks. 
Py-atm'ic, or Py-ein'ic. [Pysem'- 
ictis.] Relating to pyinitia. 
Py-au-la-eo-me'le.* [From irvov, 
“pus,” and «ulacome'le, a “grooved 
probe.”] A grooved probe for searching 
for matter or pus. 
Pyc-no-car'pus.® [From irvxvdf, 
“thick,” and xapirdf, “fruit.”] Having 
thick, swollen fruit. 
[From itvkv6{, 
“thick,” and KaXaXfi, the “head."] Col- 
lected together in thick heads. Applied 
to flowers. 
Pyc-n«-sta'-etay-us.® [From ir«- 
vii%, “thick,” and crra\ys> an “car,” or 
“spike.”] Having flowers disposed in 
large spikes. 
Py-e-li'tis, id is.* [From ttvcXo;, a 
“trough.”] Inflammation of the pelvis 
(or sinus) of the kidney. 
Pyemia, Pyemic. See Pyjsmia, 
Pyaaiic. 
Pyesis. Sec Pyosis. 
Py'I-eus.® [From r.oj, “ pus.”] Of 
or belonging to pus; py'ic. 
Py'in. [Pyi'na; from the same.] 
A constituent principle,of pus. 
Pj'-lar'ie. [Pylor'icus.] Belong- 
ing to the pylorus. 
Py 1-o-rid’e-us.® [From mXwpos, the 
“ pylorus.”] Applied in the plural neuter 
(Pylorid'en) by Blainville to a family of 
Mollusks having a shell gaping at the 
two ends. 
Py-lo'rus.® [From rvXij, a “gate,” 
or “entrance,” and ovpoj, a “guard,” or 
“keeper.”] Sometimes called also.ffan'i- 
tor* [from jan'na, a “gate”]. Literal 
signification of both terms being “gate- 
keeper.” The inferior aperture of the 
stomach, at the commencement of the 
duodenum. 
Py-o-blen'nie. [Pyobleu'nicus; 
from soo», “ pus,” and SXhva, “ mucus.”] 
The same as Muco-Puruui nt. 
Py-o-bleii-nor-rboe'a.® [From 
irvov, “pus,” fiXevva, “mucus,” and /'ao, to 
“flow.”] A flow of purulent mucus. 
I’y-o-jicii'c-sis.® [From iri-oj, “pus,” 
and ycveoif, “ production.”] The secre- 
tion or formation of pus. 
Py-o-&e-net'ic. [Pyogenet'icns.] 
Pertaining to pyogenesis. Also, the same 
as Pyogenic. 
Py-o-&cn'ic. [Pyogen’icns; from 
-iiov, “pus,” and ytvvdw, to “produce.”] 
Producing or secreting pus. 
Pyolitemia. See Py.emia. 
P.y-o-i des. 5 [From tt<ov, “ pus,” and 
£1(5Of, a “ form.”] Resembling pus : py 'oid. 
Py-o-me'le.* [From mot/, “pus,” 
and ix>i\ri, a “ probe.”] The same as Py- 
aulacomele, which see. 
Py-o-poi-e'sis.* [From irvov,■ “ pus,” 
and m> «o, to “make.”] The same as 
Pyogenesis, which see. 
Py-o'sis.® [Gr. nvoxn;.] The pro- 
gress or formation of pus. Yearly the 
same as Pyogenesis and Pyesis. 
Pyr a-inUl. [Lat. Py»'amis,m'»Wr*; 
Gr. jrwpa/uf.] A solid contained by a tri- 
angular, square, or polygonal base, and 
other planes meeting in a point which is 
called the vertex. The planes which 
meet in the vertex are called the sides, 
which are necessarily all triangles. Pyr- 
amids are triangular, quadrangular, pen- 
tagonal, etc., according as the base is a 
triangle, a square, a pentagon, eic. Ap- 
plied in Anatomy to a small bony pro- 
jection in the cavity of the tympanum. 
Py-rami-iliil. [Fy rainidallsf] 
Relating to a pyramid, or formed like a 
pyramid. 
Pyram'ldal Skull. Under this 
name, Dr. Prichard describes that form 
of the skull which Bluinenbach terms 
Mongolian, and which is most charac- 
teristically seen in the Esquimaux. 
Py-ram-i-da'lis* (“ Pyramidal”), 
otherwise termed Pyramida'lis Ab- 
dom'i-nis.* A muscle arising from 
the pubes, and inserted into the linen 
alba, nearly half-way between the pubes 
and umbilicus. It assists the rectus. 
Pyramidally Femoris. See Pyr- 
IFORMIS. 
Pyramidally Na'si.* (“ Pyramidal 
[Muscle] of the Nose.”) A slip of the 
o ccip ito-fro n tails muscle which goes 
down over the nasal bones and is fixed 
to the compressor nasi. 
Py-ram i-doid. [PyramidoUdes; 
from pyr'amis, a “pyramid,” and tllo;, a 
“form.”] Resembling a pyramid. 
Py-ree'tl-ca.* [From irvpcKTiKvs, “fe- 
verish,” or “having fever.”] The name 
455 PYR 
PYR 
of an order in Good’s Nosology, com- 
prising fevers of every kind. 
Pyr'c-tliriim.* Pellitory. The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the root 
of the Anacyclus Pyrethrum. 
Pjf-ret/ic. [Pyret'lcus; from ttv- 
psrof, “fever.”] Relating to fever; fe- 
brile. 
Pyr-e-to-ffo-ne'sI-a,® or Pyr-c-to- 
gen'e-sis.* [From nvperos, “fever,” and 
yhetris, “generation.”] The origin and 
formation of fever. 
Py r-e-tog'ra-pliy. [Pyretogra'- 
pliia; from trnperog, “fever,” and ypatyw, 
to “ write.”] A history or description of 
fever. 
Py r-e-tol'o-gy- [Pyretolo'gia s 
from irvperds, “fever,” and A<5yoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on fevers. Also, 
the doctrine or science of fevers, their 
nature, causes, and distinctive charac- 
ters. 
Py-rox'I-a,® plural P^-rex'I-ae. 
[From nupsmui, future m>pc£o), to “be fever- 
ish,” to “ have a fever.”] The state of 
fever. (See Fever.) In the plural, febrile 
diseases: a class of Cullen's Nosology. 
Py-rex'I-al. [Pyrexia'lis.] Be- 
longing to pyrexia; febrile. 
Py-rif'er-us.* [From py'rum, a 
“petr,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
fruits in form of the pear: pyriferous. 
Applied as a specific name to certain 
plants. 
Pyr'I-form, or Py'rl-form. [Pyri- 
for'mis; from py'rum, a “pear.”] Re- 
sembling a pear in shape. 
Pyr-I-for'mls.* (“ Pear-shaped [Mus- 
cle].”) A muscle arising from the hol- 
low of the sacrum, and inserted into 
the cavity at the root of the trochanter 
major. It moves the thigh. It is also 
called Pyramida'lis, or Pyramida'lis 
Pern' oris. 
Py-ri'teS,* or pir'i-tez. [From nip, 
“fire.”] Native compounds of metals 
with sulphur, as iron pyrites, etc. 
Pyr-I-tif'er-ous. [Pyritif 'crus; 
from pyri'tes, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Con- 
taining pyrites. 
Pyr-t-tol o-gy. [Pyritolo'gia; 
from Trnpirrjs, “pyrites,” and A:5yo;, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on pyrites; that 
part of Mineralogy which treats of the 
various kinds of pyrites. 
Pyr'o-gen. [Pyrogc'ninm; from 
■nip, “fire,” and ycrraco, to “produce.”] 
Literally, “producing fire.” A term ap- 
plied to the electric fluid. 
P.f’r-o-ge-ne'si-a,* or Pyr-o-gen'e- 
sis.* [From Trip, “fire,” and yereai;, 
“generation.”] The generation or pro- 
duction of fire. 
Pjrr-o-£e-*iet'ic. [Pyrogenctf> 
icus.] Belonging to pyrogenesia ; gene- 
rating fire. 
Pyr-o-ge'ne-us.* [From Trip, “fire,” 
and yciHo, to “ be born,” to “ be produced.”] 
Produced by fire, or heat: pyroge'neous. 
Py-rog’e-nons. [l'yrog’enus; from 
the same.] Igneous; produced by fire. 
Applied to a class of rocks comprehend- 
ing the volcanic and igneous strata. 
Pyr'o-la.® [From py'rus, a “pear.”] 
A Linnsean genus of the class Decandria, 
natural order Pyrolacese. Also, the Phar- 
macopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) of the Chi- 
maph'ila umbella'ta, formerly Pyr'ola um- 
bplla'ta. 
Pyr'ola ITm-bel-la'fcju* A former 
name for the Chimaphila wnbellata, or 
American winter-green. 
Pyrolarene,* pir-o-la'she-e. [From 
Pyr'ola, one of the genera.] A natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants, mostly 
herbaceous, natives of Europe, North 
America, and Asia. It includes the 
Chimaph'ila (Winter-green) and other 
tonics. 
Py r-o-la 'ceous. [ Py rola 'cens.] 
Belonging to, or resembling, the genus 
Pyrola. 
Py r-o-lig'ne-ons. [Pyrolig'neus; 
from nip, “fire,” and liy'nem, “of wood.”] 
Applied to an acid obtained by the de- 
structive distillation of wood. 
Pyrolig'neous A«,-'i«l. 
Pyrollg'neum.] An acid obtained 
from the destructive distillation of wood. 
It consists of acetic acid mixed with 
empyreumatic oil and bitumen. 
Pyroligneous Spir it, called also 
Pyr-ox-yl'ic Spir'it. A substance pro- 
duced during the distillation of wood. It 
is more volatile than alcohol, but burns 
very well in a spirit-lamp, and is com- 
paratively cheap.—(Hoblyn.) 
Py-rol'o-gy. [Pyrolo'gia; from 
viip, “fire,” and A»yo;, a “discourse.”] A 
treatise on heat; the doctrine or theory 
of fire or heat; that branch of science 
which treats of heat. 
Pyr-o-ma'ni-a.® [From Trip, “ fire,” 
and paria, “madness.”] A form of in- 
sanity in which those affected have a 
propensity to set houses on fire. 
Pj'-rom'e-ter. [Pyroin'etrinn; 
from Trip, “fire,” and perpo.>, a “ measure.”] 
An instrument for ascertaining those 
higher degrees of heat to which the 
thermometer cannot be applied. 
Py-roph'o-rus.* [From mp, “fire.” 
456 and (ptpb), to “bear,” to “produce.”] An 
artificial substance which takes fire or 
burns on exposure to the air; also, an 
instrument for striking fire or light. 
Pyr-o-sco'pl-um.* [From irvp, “ fire,” 
and aKoireoi, to “examine.”] The same 
as Pyrometer, which see. 
Py-ro'sis.* [From irvpdoi, to “burn.”] 
Water-brash; a disease characterized by 
pain in the stomach, with copious eruc- 
tation of a watery, insipid fluid; it is a 
form of Cardialgia. A genus of the 
order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Pyr-os-phy'ra.* [From irvp, “fire,” 
and aipipa, a “hammer.”] An instrument 
formed like a hammer, heated or plunged 
into hot water, and employed as a cau- 
tery to produce irritation or vesication. 
Pyr'o-terh-ny. [Pyroteeh'nia; 
from nip, “fire,” and rexvn, “art.”] The 
art or science of making fireworks. 
Py--rot'ic. [Pyrot'icos, or Pyrot'- 
icus; from nvpooy, to “ burn.”] Having 
power to burn ; caustic. 
Pyr-ox-yl'ic. [Pyroxyl'icus: from 
irvp, “fire,” and fvXov, “wood.”] Applied 
to acetic spirit, because obtained in the 
distillation of wood. See Pyroligneous 
Spirit. 
PYR 
Py-rox'y-lin, or Py-rox'y-llne. 
[Pyroxyli’na; from the same.] A 
term applied to gun-cotton, or other sub- 
stances similarly produced. 
Py-rox'y-lous. [Py roxy lo'sns: 
from the same.] Applied to an acid of 
less power than the pyroxylic, obtained 
in the distillation of wood. See Pyro- 
ligneous. 
Pyr'rhin. [Pyrrhi'na; from rnypo;, 
“ruddy.”] Applied to a substance re- 
garded as the chief colorant of red snow. 
Py'rus.® A Linnaean genus of the 
class leosandria, natural order Pomaceie. 
Pyrns Aucuparia. See Sorbus 
Aucuparia. 
Py'rns Coin-nui'nis.® (“Common 
Pear-Tree.”) The systematic name of 
the pear-tree. The juice of its fruit, 
when fermented, forms perry. 
Py'rus Fy-do'm-a.* A former name 
for the Cydonia vulgaris, or quince-tree. 
Py'rus Jla'lus.* The systematic 
name of the apple-tree, of all the varie- 
ties of which the common crab-tree is 
supposed to be the parent. 
Pyx-id'I-um,* or Pyx'is.* [Gr. 
7n>£i(5o{, a “box.”] A pod which 
opens by a circular horizontal line cut- 
ting off the upper part as a lid. 
QUA 
Q. 
Q. P. — Quart'turn pla'cet.% “ As 
much as you please,” or “ as much as is 
thought fit.” 
Q. Q. II., or Quaq. Quart. Ilor. = 
Qua'qne quar'td ho'r&J* “ Every four 
hours.” 
Q. S. = Quart' turn suf'Jicit.* “As 
much as will suffice.” 
QuacK'e-rjL “Mean or bad acts in 
physic,” comprehending not only the 
absurd impostures of ignorant pretenders, 
but also unbecoming acts of professional 
men themselves. 
Quad-ran'gxi-lar. [From qua'tuor, 
“four,” and an'gulus, an “angle.”] Hav- 
ing four angles. 
Quad'rant. [Quad'rans; from 
qua'tuor, “four.”] Literally, the “fourth 
part of any thing;” usually the fourth 
part of a circle, or ninety degrees. Ap- 
plied to an instrument of great use in 
practical geometry. 
Quad rant F-lec-trom'e-ter. An 
instrument for estimating the degree or 
intensity of electricity. The differences 
of electric intensity are denoted by an 
index which traverses a quadrant di- 
vided into ninety equal parts called 
degrees. 
Quadrate. See Qitadratus. 
Quad-ra'tus.* [From quad'ra, a 
“square.”] (Fr. Cane, kft'ri'.) Quad- 
rate; of a square figure. Applied to cer- 
tain muscles, from their shape. 
Quudra'tus Fein'o-ris.* (“ Square 
[Muscle] of the Thigh.”) A muscle 
arising from the outer border of the tube- 
rosity of the ischium and inserted into a 
ridge leading from the great trochanter. 
It moves the thigh backwards. 
Quudra'tus (“ Square 
[Muscle] of the Cheek.”) A name given 
to the muscle otherwise called depressor 
labii inferioris and platysma myodes. 
Q uari ra'tus I.iiiu-lKtriim.' 
(“Square [Muscle] of the Loins.”) A 
muscle arising from the crest of the 
ilium, and inserted into the last rib and 
the transverse processes of the first four 
lumbar vertebrae. It inclines the loins 
to one side. 
Quad-rl-cap su-Iar. [Quadricap- 
457 sula'ris; from qua'tuor, “four,” and 
cap'sula, a “capsule.”] Applied to a 
fruit formed by the union of four cap- 
sules. 
Quad-rf-cot-jMcd'o-nous. [Quad- 
ricotyledo'neus; from qua'tuor, “four,” 
and cotijle'don.\ Applied to an embryo 
with four cotyledons. 
Quad-rl-den tale. [Quad'ridens, 
or Quadrideuta'tus; from qua'tuor, 
“ four,” and dens, den'tie, a “tooth.”] 
Having four teeth, or divisions. Applied 
to a calyx, petal, etc. 
Quad-ri-la'rl-ous. [Quadrifa'- 
rius; from qua'tuor, “four.”] Literally, 
“ in four ways.” In Botany, having leaves 
disposed in four vertical ranks. 
Quad'ri-iid. [Quadrif'idus: from 
qua'tuor, “four,” and fin'do, to “cleave.”] 
Divided nearly to the middle of its 
length into four equal portions. 
Quad -rl-fo 11-at e. [Quad r ifol ia'- 
tus; from qua'tuor, “four,” and /o'littm, 
a “ leaf.”] Bearing four leaves. 
Quad-ri-fo'H-o-late. [Quadrifo- 
liola'tus; from qua'tuor, “four,” and 
foli'olum, a “ foliole.”] Composed of 
four folioles. 
Quad-ri-&em'X-iius.% [From qua'- 
tuor, “four,” and gem'inus, “double.”] 
“Four-double,” or consisting of four 
nearly equal parts. See Tubeectjla 
Qitadrigkmina. 
Quad-rij u-sate. [Quadraj'ugus: 
from qua'tuor, “four,” and ju'gum, a 
“yoke,” or “pair.”] Having four pairs 
of folioles. 
Quad-rl-lat'e-ral. [Quadrilate- 
ra'lis; f rom qua'tuor, “four,” and la' - 
tus, lat'eris, a “side.”] A plane figure 
bounded by four straight lines; having 
four sides. 
Quad-rat'o-bate. [Quadriloba'- 
tus; from qua'tuor, “four,” and lob a' tus, 
“lobed.”] Divided into four lobes. 
Quad-rl-par'tite. [Quadripar- 
ti'tus; f rom qua'tuor, “four,” and par- 
ti'tus, “divided.”] Divided into four 
parts. 
Quad-rt-pen'nis.® [From qua'tuor, 
“four,” and pen'na, a “wing.”] Having 
four wings : quadripen'nate. Applied to 
certain insects. 
Quad'ri-vitlve. [Quad rival'vis; 
from qua'tuor, “four,” and val'vse, “fold- 
ing doors. '] Separated into four valves, 
as the capsule of some plants. 
Quad-ru'mu-na.® [See next arti- 
cle.] The name of an order of Mam- 
malia, comprising those of which each 
of the four extremities is terminated by 
QUA 
a hand, as the ape, baboon, and mon 
key. 
Q uad-ru 'ina-nons. [Quad ru'- 
nianus; from qua'tuor, “four,” and 
ma'nus, the “hand.”] Having four 
hands: quadru'manate. 
Quad'ru-pcd. [From qua'tuor, 
“four,” andpe*, a “foot.”] A four-footed 
animal. The term is no longer used by 
zoologists as strictly indicative of a par- 
ticular class of animals. 
Quad-r ii ' pe-da I. [Quad' r u pes, 
pedis; from the same.] Having four feet. 
Quadrupl. = Quadruplxca'tofi “F our 
times as much.” 
Quail -ta-tive. [From qual'itas, 
qualita'tiv, “quality.”] Pertaining to 
quality. 
Qual itative A-iial'y-sis. The de- 
termination of the nature of the com- 
ponent parts of a chemical compound, 
without reference to their relative pro- 
portions. 
Quarantine, kwor-an-teen' [Qiiar- 
anti'na], formerly written Quaran- 
tain. [From the Italian quaran'ta, 
“forty;” because it usually lasted forty 
days.] (Fr. Quarantaine, ka'roN°'ten' or 
kd'roN°'tin'.) The period during which 
vessels from infected or suspected ports 
are debarred from entering into a healthy 
one, and from landing their goods, crew, 
or passengers, unless to be confined in a 
lazaretto. 
Quar'tan. [Qnarta'nus; from 
quar’tus, the “fourth.”] Occurring every 
fourth day. 
Quar'tan A'g'ue. An intermittent 
fever the paroxysms of which recur 
every fourth day, leaving between them 
an interval of two days. 
Quar'tine. [Quarti'na; from 
quar'tus, the “fourth.”] The fourth en- 
velope of the ovule of plants. 
Quartz. [Ger. Quarz.\ Pure silex; 
a constituent of granite. Rock crystal is 
crystallized quartz. 
Quart'zose. Relating to, resembling, 
or containing quartz; quartzous. 
Quassia,® kwbsh'e-a. The Pharma- 
copueial name (U.S. Ph.) for the wood of 
the Simaru'ba excel'sa, or of the Picrse'- 
na excel'sa (or Quassia excelsa), accord- 
ing to the British Pharmacopoeia. Quassia 
has, in the highest degree, all the pro- 
perties of the simple or pure bitters. As 
a tonic, it increases the powers of the 
digestive organs, with little excitement 
to the circulatory system. 
Quassia A-ma'ra.® A tree from 
which quassia wood is obtained. 
QUA 
458 QUA 
QUI 
Quas'sia Ex-cel'sa.® One of the 
trees from which quassia wood is ob- 
tained. 
Quas'sin. [Quassi'na.] A peculiar 
vegetable principle obtained from quas- 
sia wood, on which the virtues of the 
latter are supposed to depend. 
Qna-ter'na-ry. [ Quateriia'rius; 
from qnater'ni, “four by four.”] Dis- 
posed in fours; consisting of four. In 
Botany, the same as Tetraherous, 
which see. 
Qua-ter'nate. [Quaterna'tus; 
from the same.] Applied to verticillate 
leaves arranged four by four. 
Qua-ter-ni-foTi-us.iS [From qua- 
ter'ni, “four by four,” and /o' Hum, a 
“ leaf.”] Having quaternate leaves : 
quaternifo'liate. 
Quer-cit'ron. [From quer'eus, an 
“oak.”] The bark of Quercus tinctoria, 
or Quercus nigra, black oak, or dyer’s 
oak. It yields a valuable yellow color- 
ing matter, called quercitrin and quer- 
citric or quercitronic acid. 
Quer'eus.* (Fr. Ckene, shen or 
shin.) A Linnaean genus of the class 
Monvecia, natural order Gupuliferir. Also, 
the Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for 
the dried bark of the small branches and 
young stems of the Quercus pedunculata 
(or Quercus robur). 
Quer'eus Al'ba.* White-oak bark. 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the bark of the Quercus alba. It is as- 
tringent and tonic, and has sometimes 
proved very beneficial in the treatment 
of intermittents. 
Quer'eus Cer'ris.® Another name 
for the Quercus Ixfectoria, which see. 
Quercus Coceifera. See Kermes, 
Animal. 
Quer'eus Iu-ffec-to'rl-a.® The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which yields 
the gall-nuts of commerce. 
Quer'eus Ai'g'ra.* The same as 
Quercus tinctoria. 
Quer'eus I*e-«luu-cu-la'ta.* A 
name for the Quercus robur. 
Quer'eus Ro'bur.* The systematic 
name of the most valuable British oak- 
tree. A decoction of the acorns is re- 
puted efficacious against dysentery and 
colic. Also called Quer'euspeduncula'ta. 
Quer'eus Sn'ber.* The Cork Oak. 
A tree growing in Southern Europe, the 
bark of which constitutes the spongy, 
semi-elastic substance known in com- 
merce as cork. 
Quer'eus Tinc-to'ri-a.* Black-oak 
hark. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the bark of the Quercus tincto- 
ria. Its medical properties are similar 
to those of the bark of the Quercus alba, 
but it is more apt to irritate the bowels. 
Quick lime. [Calx Vi'vnm.] Un- 
slacked, or unquefiehed, lime. 
Quicksilver. "See Hydrargyrum, 
and Mercury. 
Quina. See Quinine. 
Quina <lo Campo, kee'nS, do kiim'po. 
(“Cinchona of the Plain.”) The bark 
of Strychnospseudo-quina, u.-td m Brazil 
as a substitute for cinchona. 
Quiuaquina. See Cinchona. 
Qui'na-ry. [From qui'nus, “five by 
five ”] Consisting of five. Applied to 
leaves, petals, sepals, etc. The same as 
Pentamerous, which see. 
Quinate. See Kinate. 
Qui'nate. [Quina'tus; from qui’ni, 
“five.”] Arranged by fives. Applied 
to leaves that are inserted five by five 
around the stem, and to a digitate leaf 
with five leaflets. 
Quince. [OyctoHinin.] The fruit 
of Py'rus Cydo'nia. 
Quin-cun 'cial. [QuincunciaTit;; 
from quin'cunxJ] Arranged in the man- 
ner of a quincunx. 
Quin'cunx.* [From quin'que, “five.”] 
A Latin term for such a disposition of 
five objects, that they shall occupy the 
four corners of a square and the point 
of intersection of the diagonals of the 
same. An arrangement of trees or other 
objects in rows, so that each stands oppo- 
site to the centre of the vacant space 
which occurs between two members of 
the next row. 
Quin-<lcc'si-g-on. [Qn iiulecago'- 
nuni; from quin'que, “ five,” lira, “ten,” 
and yutvia, an “ angle.”] A plane figure 
having fifteen sides and angles. 
Quiii-de-cag,'o-ual. [Quinrieca- 
go'nns.] Belonging to a quindecagon. 
Quln'i-a,* or QuI-nine' (Fr. pronun- 
ciation. k£’n£n'); also called Qui'iia,& 
or Qui-ui na.® One of the alkaline 
proximate principles (the other being 
Gincho'nia) in which the medicinal virtues 
of the Peruvian bark chiefly reside. 
Quinia, or Quinine, Amorphous. 
See Quinoidine. 
Quiu'I-se Sul phas.® (“Sulphate 
of Quinia.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || 
for a substance in the form of silky, 
very light crystals, which are readily 
soluble in alcohol, and in water acidu- 
lated with sulphuric acid. It is composed 
of two equivalents of quinia with one of 
sulphuric acid and eight of water. Sul- 
459 pbate of quinia appears to possess essen- 
tially the same medical properties as Pe- 
ruvian bark, without being so apfto 
nauseate or oppress the stomach. In 
large doses it sometimes produces serious 
or dangerous cerebral disturbance, and 
has occasionally proved fatal. 
(piiu'ia’ Vsy-le-ri-a'uas.® (“Vale- 
rianate'of Quinine.”) The Pharmaeo- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for a salt which 
crystallizes in rhomboidal tables, and 
has a peculiar repulsive odor and bitter 
taste. It seems to combine the properties 
of quinia with those of valerian. 
Quinine. See Quinia. 
Qiiiu'ic. [Quin'icus.] Applied to 
salts that have quinine for their base. 
Qniuic Acid. See Kinic Acid. 
Quinicia. ltwe-nish'e-a. See Quinoi- 
dine. 
Quin's-disie. [qnlnid'ia.] An 
alkaloid found in the Cinchonas. 
Quinine. Sulphate of. See Quinia? 
Sulphas. 
Qiiin'i-iiism. [Qnininis'imis; 
from quinine'.] That disturbance of the 
nervous system caused by large doses, 
or by the continued use, of the sulphate 
of quinine. 
Qnin-oi'dine. [Quinoi'dia, or 
Qiiiiiaiilin'ia; from qui'na, “ quinine,” 
and tiiio;, a “form.”] A resinous sub- 
stance obtained from the mother-liquor 
remaining after all the crystals which 
can be procured are separated, in the pre- 
paration of the sulphate of quinine. Also 
called amorphous quinine, and quinicia. 
qiiiii-tiHau'gn-lar. [Qiiinqiinn- 
gnla'rls, or Quinqusuig-ula'tus; 
from quin'que, “five,” and an'gulus, an 
“ angle.”] Having five angles. 
Qu iu-qu iMlcn'tatfi. [Quinquo- 
(Irula tus: from quin'que, “five,” and 
elms, a “ tooth.”] Having five teeth or 
serratures. 
Qnin-que-ilig'i-tate. [Quinque- 
(ligita'tus; from quin'que, “five,” and 
dig'itus, a “finger.”] Applied to a leaf 
the petiole of which terminates in five 
folioles. 
Quln'que-fid. [ Qaimpief'idus ; 
from quin'que, “five,” and fin'do, to 
“ cleave.”] Cleft into five segments. 
Quin-que-flo'rus.* [From quin'- 
que, “ five,” and flos, a “ flower.”] Hav- 
ing five flowers. 
Quiii-que-fo'H-ate. [Quinquefu- 
lia'tus; from quin'que, “five,” and fo'- 
lium, a “ leaf.”] Having five leaves. 
Quiu-que-fo'li-o-Iatc. [Quinque- 
foliola'tus; from quin'que, “five,” and 
Qiir 
foli'olnm, a “foliolc.”] Having five 
leaflets. 
Quin-quef'o-rus.®' [From quin'- 
qne, “five,” and fo'ro, to “pierce.”] 
Having five holes : quinquef'orous. 
Quin'que-ju-gus.* [From quin'- 
que, “five,” and ju'gum, a “yoke.”] 
Applied to a pinnate leaf the petiole of 
which bears five pairs of folioles: quin'- 
qnejugate. 
Quin'que-lo-bate. [Quinquelo- 
ba tes: from quin'que, “five,” and lo'~ 
bus, a “ lobe.”] Having five lobes. 
(piiii-qne-lodi-liir. [Qninque- 
lornla'ris; from quin'que, “five,” and 
loc'nlus, a “ cell.”] Having five cells. 
Qnin-que-ner'vis,* or Quin-que- 
iK'r'vi-ns.S [From quin'que, “five,” 
and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Applied to a 
leaf having five longitudinal nervures. 
Quin-que-par'tite. [Quinque- 
part i t us: from quin'que, “five,” and 
parti' tus, “ divided.”] Deeply parted with 
five segments. Applied to a calyx, 
etc. 
Qiiin-que-pli'cate. [Quinqne- 
pliea'tns; from quin'que, “five,” and 
plica'tus, “plaited.”] Having five plaits. 
Applied to parts of certain plants. 
Qain-que-viil'vis.® [From qnin'- 
que, “five,” and val'va, a “valve.”] 
Opening in five valves: quinquevalvate. 
Quin-qui'im.* Another name for 
Cinchona, which see. 
(luin sv. formerly Squinan'cy. [A 
corruption of Cynan'che, “ sore-throat.”] 
A popular term for Cynan che tonsillaris, or 
Tonsillitisphleymonocles. See Cynanche. 
ttninta Kssentia (es-sen'she-a). See 
Quintessence. 
Qnin'tan. [Qninta/nns; from 
quin'tus, the “fifth.”] A form of inter- 
mittent, which recurs every fifth day, 
leaving an interval of three days be- 
tween the paroxysms. 
Qnint-es'sence. [quinta Essen'- 
tia.] A term denoting in alchemical 
language the fifth, and last, or highest, 
essence of any natural body. It is now 
commonly applied to any extract which 
contains all the virtues of a substance in 
a small bulk or compass. Sometimes it 
is used to designate the most volatile 
part of a substance, as being considered 
the most valuable. 
Quiii'tiuc. [Quinti'na; from the 
same.] The fifth and innermost coat 
of the ovule of a plant. 
quin tii-ple. [ Quin'tuplex: from 
quin'que, “ five,” and pit zo, to “fold.”] 
Five-fold. 
QUI 
460 Ql'I 
RAD 
Quin'tu-ple-nervcd, or Quin'tu- 
l»ll-nerve«l. [From quin'tuplex, “five- 
fold,” and ner'vue, a “nerve.”] Having 
two strong primary nerves on each side 
of the midrib, as some leaves. 
Quor. Qno'rum.* “ Of which.” 
Quo-tid'i-an. or Quotid ian Fe'- 
vcr. [Fe'bris Quotidianu; from quo- 
tid'ie, “daily.”] (Fr. Quotidien, ko'ti'- 
de-aNQ'.) Applied to a kind of intermit-' 
tent fever, in which the paroxysm returns 
every twenty-four hours. A genus of the 
order Febres, class Pyrexia;, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
(f. V. = Quan'turn vise* “As much as 
you will.” 
R. 
R. = Rec'ipe* “ Take.” 
Ra'bi-cs.® [From ra'bio, to “be 
mad,” to “ rage.”] A disease caused by 
the saliva of dogs and some other ani- 
mals being absorbed into the system 
through a wound, bite, or scratch. In 
this disorder the very sight of water, or 
any liquid, usually causes a spasm of 
the pharynx, accompanied by a sense of 
suffocation, and an indescribable horror, 
whence the name hydrophobia (or, “ dread 
of water”), by which it is commonly 
known. See Hydrophobia. 
Rabies Fa-ni'na.* (“ Canine Mad- 
ness.”) The most eommon form of the 
disease termed hydrophobia; also called 
lyesa. See Hydrophobia. 
Ra bies Fe-li'iia.® (“ Feline Mad- 
ness.”) A variety of hydrophobia pro- 
duced by the bite of a rabid cat. The 
spastic symptoms are said to be less 
acute than those of canine rabies, and 
frequently intermitting. 
Race. [From the Italian raz'za, 
which is probably from the Latin ra'dix, 
a “ root.”] Races of men are permanent 
varieties of the human species, charac- 
terized by certain prominent distinctive 
traits. Blumenbach distinguished the 
following races:— 
1. The Gaucaeian Race.—Skin white, 
passing into flesh-color, occasionally 
brownish; hair wavy, of a light or dark 
tint; face oval, facial angle large, viz. 
from 80° to 85°: comprising the Euro- 
peans (excepting the Laplanders and 
Finns), the inhabitants of Western Asia 
as far as the Obi, the Ganges, and tho 
Caspian Sea, and most of the tribes of 
Northern Africa. 
2. Mongolian Race.—Skin yellow; 
hair black, straight, scanty; face broad, 
flat; glabella flat and broad: compris- 
ing the Tartars and Chinese; also the 
Laplanders, the Finns, the Esquimaux 
and Greenlanders. 
3. American Race.—Skin brownish 
copper-colored ; hair black, straight, and 
scanty. It comprises all the aborigines 
of America, except those included in the 
preceding variety. 
4. Ethiopian Race.—Skin black, or 
brownish black; hair black, coarse, 
short, woolly or frizzly; skull narrow, 
long; facial angle from 70° to 75°: in- 
cluding all the Africans (excepting those 
of the Caucasian variety), also the ne- 
groes of New Holland, and those of 
Papua, etc. 
5. Malay Race.—Skin black; hair 
black, soft, curling, and abundant; cra- 
nium moderately narrow: comprising 
the brown islanders of the South Sea, 
the inhabitants of the Sunda Isles, the 
Moluccas, the Philippine and Marianne 
Isles, and the true Malays of Malacca. 
Ra-ceme'. [Race'mus.] Origi- 
nally, a “cluster of grapes.” In Botany, 
a form of inflorescence in which the flow- 
ers, each on its own pedicel, are arranged 
along a common peduncle or axis, as the 
currant, hyacinth, and choke-cherry. 
Rac-e-mif 'er-ous. [Raceiiiif'er- 
us; from race'mm, a “cluster of grapes,” 
or a “ raceme,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing racemes. 
Ra-cein-i-Jlo'rus.* [From race'- 
mm, a “ raceme,” and Jloe, a “ flower.”] 
Having clusters of flowers: racemiflo'- 
rous. 
Ra?-e-mosc', or Ra-ce'mous. 
[Racemo'sus; from race'nine, a “ra- 
ceme.”] Bearing or resembling racemes. 
Rachiagra, Racliialgia, Rachi- 
algitis. See Riiaciiiagra, Rhachi- 
ALGIA, RlIACIIlAGGITlS, etc. 
Radiis. See Rhachis. 
Ra-«hi'tis, Idie.® [From paxis, the 
“spine.”] (Fr. Rachitieme, r&'sh6't6zm', 
or Nouure, noo'iiit'.) Properly, inflamma- 
tion of the spine, but usually applied to 
the disease commonly known as the 
Rickets, which see. 
Rack. See Arhack. 
Rad. = Ra’dir.* “ Root.” 
Radesyge (Danish), ra'deh-sii'g^h. 
461 RAD 
RAF 
[From Ra de (the same as the German 
R'du'de), a “scab,” and «?/</, “sick,” “dis- 
eased.”] Also termed Nor-we'jgi-sm 
X.eji'ro-sy, and Scan-dl-na'vX-an 
HypliMis. A virulent and infectious 
disease, particularly affecting the skin, 
bones, and throat. 
Un'df-al. [Radia'lis; from ra'dius, 
a “ray.”] Belonging to the radius. In 
Botany, belonging to the border or ray 
of a head of flowers. 
Ra'di-ant, or Ra'dI-ate. [Ra'di- 
ans, an'La; from ra'dio, radia’tum, to 
“ shine,” to “emit rays,” or to “radiate.”] 
Having or emitting rays; spreading from, 
or arranged around, a centre. Applied 
to the corona of the Oompoxit.ee. 
Ra-di -a'ta.® [From ra'dio, radia'- 
tum, to “radiate.”] A grand division or 
sub-kingdom of animals, chiefly marine; 
constituting the fourth primary division 
of animals in the system of Cuvier. They 
are so called because they have their parts 
arranged around an axis, and on one or 
several radii. 
Rii'di-at-ed. | Radia l -.is; from 
the same.] Having rays. See Radiant. 
Ra'di-ate-Veined, or Ra'di-at-ed- 
Veined. A term applied to reticulated 
leaves in which three or more veins 
of nearly equal size diverge from the 
base: palmatcly-veined. 
Ra-dl-at-I-flo'rus.® [From ra'dius, 
a “ ray,” and Jlos, a “ flower.”] Having 
radiated flowers. 
Rsi-di>a'tiou. [Radia'tio, o'nis; 
from ra'dius, a “ ray.”] The emission 
of rays of light or heat from a luminous 
or heated body. 
Rad'l-cal. [Radica'Iis; from ra'- 
dix, radi'eis, a “ root.”] Springing from 
a root; relating to the root; original; 
total; thorough. Radical leaves are 
those which apparently spring from the 
root. As a noun, radical is used in 
Chemistry as synonymous with a base; 
thus, sulphur and phosphorus are the 
radicals of sulphuric and phosphoric 
acids. 
Rad'X-cant. [Rad'leans, an'tis; 
from rad'icor, radica'tus, to “take root.”] 
Rooting. Applied to a stalk bending 
and taking root where it touches the 
earth, or striking root by fibres which 
do not imbibe nourishment; as the 
ivy. 
Rad-X-ca'tion. [Radica'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of taking root; 
the arrangement of the roots. 
Rad'I-cel. A diminutive root, or a 
rootlet. 
Ra-dl'ceS,® the plural of Radix, 
which see. 
ItiKl'i-d-flo'rons. [ Rndioiflo'rus; 
from ra'dix, a “root,” and flog, a “flow- 
er.”] Having flowers which grow, or 
appear to grow, from the root. 
[ Radlcifor'mis; 
from ra'dix, a “root.”] Resembling a 
root. 
Rad'I-cle. [Radic'ula: diminutive 
of ra'dix, a “root.”] A little root: a 
rad'icule. The part of the embryo (of a 
plant) which becomes the root. Also 
applied to a fibre of the tap-root. 
Rad-X-cu-li'for'mis.* [From ra- 
dio'ula, a “ radicle.”] Having the form 
of radicles. 
Ra-dic-u-lo'sus.® [From the same.] 
Having radicles. 
Ra'di-i,® the plural of Radius, which 
see. 
Ita-di'o-Ius.® [Diminutive of ra'- 
dius, a “ ray.”] A probe ; also, a sound. 
Ra'di-ous. [Radio'sus; from ra'- 
dio, radia'tum, to “send out rays,” to 
“ radiate.”] Emitting luminous rays: 
radiant. 
Rad'ish, Horse. The common Eng- 
lish name of the Cochlearia armoracia. 
Hadi-us. [From pi66o;, a “rod,” 
“streak,” or “staff.”] Literally, the 
“ spoke of a wheelhence, a ray of light. 
In Geometry, a straight line drawn from 
the centre to the circumference of a circle. 
In Anatomy, applied to one of the bones 
of the forearm. In Botany, the ray of a 
flower. See Ray. 
Ra dius Vee'tor.* In Astronomy, 
an imaginary straight line, drawn from 
the centre of attraction to the point of 
an orbit in which the body (planet, comet, 
or satellite) may be; for example, the 
line joining the centre of the sun with 
the centre of a planet. 
Ra'dix,® gen. Ra-di'cis. [From pH <f, 
a “ branch.”] The root, or the descend- 
ing axis, of a plant, or that portion which 
grows downwards, ordinarily fixing the 
plant to the soil, and absorbing nourish- 
ment from it. It is the principal organ 
of nutrition. It produces no other or- 
gans or parts but naked branches, which 
are mere repetitions of the original de- 
scending axis. Unlike the stem, the 
root elongates continuously from its 
extremity alone. See Tap-Root, and 
Stem. 
Radzyge. See Radesyge. 
Rafflesiacese,* raf-fle-se-a'she-e. 
[From Raffle'sia, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous, stemless, 
462 RAG 
RAN 
anomalous plants (parasites), found in 
the East Indies on the stems of Cissi. 
The flower constitutes the whole plant. 
r&zh. The French term for 
Rabies, which see. 
Rain-Gauge. See Pluviometer. 
Raisin. The dried fruit of the Vitis 
vinifera; alsocalled Uvapassaorpassula. 
Rak. See Arrack. 
Rale, rS,l. (Fr. lldler, to “ rattle 
in the throat.”) A rattle. Applied to 
various kinds of sound attending the 
circulation of air in the bronchia and 
vesicles of the lungs, different from the 
murmur produced in health. Also termed 
Jihonchus. 
Rale Crepitant, ral cnApAtoN°'. 
(“ Crepitating Rattle.”) A pathogno- 
monic sign, common in severe pneumo- 
nia. It has been compared to the noise 
of butter boiling, or to that produced by 
particles of salt thrown on live coals. 
Rale Muqueuse, r&l mii'kuz'. 
(“ Mucous Rattle.”) A sound similar 
to that produced by blowing through a 
pipe into soapy water; when very strong, 
it is termed gurgling. 
Rale Sibilant, ril s£'b£'loNa'. (“ Sib- 
ilant or Hissing Rattle.”) A sound 
caused by the presence of only a small 
quantity of mucus in the ramifications 
of the bronchia. It has been compared 
to the sound produced by suddenly sepa- 
rating two oiled surfaces. 
Rale Sonore, r41 so'noR'. (“Sono- 
rous Rattle.”) A sound like that of the 
cooing of a dove, or sometimes the snor- 
ing of a sleeping man. 
Ra'me-al. [Ramea'lis; from ra'- 
mus, a “branch.”] Relating to branches, 
or growing on branches. 
Rainent. See Ramentum. 
Ra-meii'ta,* the plural of Ramen- 
tum, which see. 
Kam-en-ta'ceons. [Ramenta'- 
ceus; from ramen'turn, a “shaving,” or 
a “ rainent.”] Covered with small, dry, 
membranous scales, as the Erica ramen- 
tacea. 
Ra-mon'tum,® plural Ra-men'ta. 
[From ra'do, to “ shave,” to “ scrape.”] 
Any thing which is reduced, or rubbed 
down, by a file ; filings ; raspings. Ap- 
plied to a species of pubescence, consist- 
ing of thin chaffy scales. 
Ra'me-us.* The same as Rameal, 
which see. 
Ram-i-cor'nis.* [From ra'mus, a 
“branch,” and cor'nu, a “horn.”] Hav- 
ing branched antennas. Applied to cer- 
tain insects. 
Ra-mif'cr-ons. [Ramil orns; 
from ra'mus, a “ branch,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing branches. 
Kam-i-ri-ca'tion. [ Rnmilica'tio, 
o'iiis; from ra'mus, a “branch,” and 
fa'do, to “make.”] The division of a 
stem into branches; the act or mode of 
branching; the arrangement of branches 
in trees. 
Itani'i-fied. [Ramifica'tus; from 
the same.] Having branches; divided 
into branches; branched. 
Ram-I-flo'rous. [Rainiflo'rus; 
from ra'mus, a “ branch,” and Jlos, a 
“ flower.”] Having flowers growing up- 
on the branches. 
Ram'i-fbrm. [Ramiltor’mis; from 
ra'mus, a “ branch.”] Resembling a 
branch. 
Rainollissement, r3,'moT4ss'moH«'. 
The French term for Softening, which 
see. 
Ra-mose', or Ra mons. [Ranto'- 
sus; from ra'mus, a “ branch.”] Full 
of branches ; much branched. 
Ram-u-H-flo'rus.* [From ram'u- 
lus, a “ little branch,” and Jlos, a “ flow- 
er.”] Having flowers on the ramules, 
as the Crassula ramulijlora. 
Ram'u-lose, or Kum’ii-lous. 
[Rnimilo'sus: from ram'ulus, a “ little 
branch.”] Bearing many branchlets. 
Raiii'u-lus. ' [Diminutive of ra'mus, 
a “branch.”] A little branch: a ra'- 
mule. 
Ra'mus,;s plural Ra'mi. The bough, 
or branch of a tree or other body. 
Ra-inus'cu-lus.* [Diminutive of 
ra'mus, a “branch.”] A little branch 
or division : a ramuscule. 
Ran'$id. [Ran'cidus; from ran'- 
ceo, to “be musty, stale, and rank.”] 
Applied to fat, oil, and any greasy body 
which, by absorbing oxygen from the air, 
has acquired a strong odor and disagree- 
able taste. 
Ran-ci<l'i-ty. [Rancid'itas, a'tis; 
from ran'ddus, “musty and stale.”] The 
property of being Rancid, which see. 
Ra-nine', or ran'in. [Rani'nus; 
from ra'na, a “frog.”] Belonging to the 
frog. Applied to a branch of the lin- 
gual artery. 
Ha-ni v'o-roits. [Raniv'orus; from 
ra'na, a “frog,” and ro'ro, to “devour.”] 
Living on frogs. Applied to certain 
birds. 
Ran'u-Ia.* [Diminutive of ra'na, a 
“frog:” so called from a fancied re- 
semblance.] A fluctuating semi-trans- 
parent tumor under the tongue, resulting 
463 RAN 
RAT 
from accumulated saliva and mucus in 
the ducts of the sublingual gland. 
Ranuiiculacese,* ra-nun-ku-la'- 
she-e, or Ra-nnn'cn-li.* A natural 
order of exogenous plants, mostly her- 
baceous, natives of the colder parts of 
the world. Acridity, causticity, and 
poison are the general characters of this 
order, which comprises Aconite (Aeo)t'- 
itum), Liverwort (Hepat'ica), Crowfoot 
{Rainin'cuius), and Glem'atis. 
Ra-min-cii-la'cemis. [ Raniiiicu- 
la'ceus.] . Resembling the ranunculus. 
Ra-miii'eti-li*' (Fr. Renoncules, reh- 
n(‘>N“'kUi/), the plural of Rawin' cuius, 
forming the Jussieuan name of an order 
of plants. See Ranijnculaceas. 
Ra-nun'cu-lus.* Crowfoot. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
cormus and herb of the Ranunculus bul- 
bosus. It was formerly, before the gene- 
ral introduction of the Spanish fly, much 
used as a vesicatory, but it is very un- 
certain in its operation. 
the plural of Rapax, 
which see. 
Ra'pax, a'cis.* [From ra’pio, to 
“seize or take by violence.”] Raven- 
ous; rapacious. Applied in the plural 
(Rapa'ces) to an order of birds; also 
called Accipitres and Raptores. See Ac- 
CIPITER. 
Rape. [From ra'pa, the “turnip.”] 
The Rrassica napus, or wild navew. 
Rape. [ Rap't us; from ra'pio, rap'- 
turn, to “take by violence,” to “ravish.”] 
Applied in Medical Jurisprudence to the 
defloration of a female forcibly and 
against her will, or of a girl of tender 
age who has, as yet, in the legal sense, 
no will. 
Rape Oil. An oil procured from 
rape-seed, and used in making oint- 
ments, etc. 
Ra-pha'ni-a.® [From raph' anus, 
the “radish.”] A disease attended with 
spasms of the joints; supposed to have 
been caused by the seeds of a species of 
raphanus mixed with the grain used for 
food. A genus of the order Spasmi, class 
Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Raph'a-nus.* [Gr. paipai/ig.'] The 
radish. A Linn man genus of plants of 
the class Tctradi/namia, natural order 
Gruciferse. 
Haplianus Rusticanus. See Coch- 
LEARIA ArMORACIA. 
Ra'pJse,* or RHia'pIie.* [From paiini, 
a “seam,” or “suture.”] A cord or 
ridge which connects the hiluin with the 
chalaza of some plants. 
Ra'plioOor'po-riseal-Io'si.4' (“ Su- 
ture of the Callous Body.”) A linear 
depression along the middle of the cor- 
pus callosum, between two slightly ele- 
vated longitudinal bands. 
Ra’plie Pgr-i-nae'i.® (“Raphe, or 
Suture, of the Perinmum.”) An elevated 
line which runs along the middle of the 
perinaeuin to the anus. 
Rapli Mies.* [From pn'/jtj, a “nee- 
dle.”] The acicular crystals found in 
the texture of nearly all plants. They 
commonly consist of oxalate of lime, and 
often of phosphate or sulphate of lime. 
Rap'tor, o'r/s.* [From ra’pio, rap' - 
turn, to “seize or take by violence.”] 
Applied in the plural (llapto'rcs) to an 
order of birds; also called Accipitres 
and Rapaces. See Accipiter. 
Raj#-to'res,* the plural of Raptor, 
which see. 
Rap tus.® [From the same.] A forci- 
ble seizure. Hence the terms raptus-ner- 
vorum (seizure of the nerves), or cramp, 
etc. 
Rar-e-fac'tion. [ Rarclac'tio, o'nis; 
from ra'rus, “thin,” “rare,” and fa'cio, 
fac'tum, to “make.”] The act of rare- 
fying or expanding; also, the state of 
being rarefied or expanded. 
Rar-i-cos'tus.* [From ra'rus, “ rare,” 
or “sparse,” hence, “few,” and cos'ta, a 
“rib.”] Having a small number of ribs. 
Rar-i-flo'rus.* [From ra'rus, 
“ sparse,” or “ few,” and fios, a “flower.”] 
Having few flowers. 
Rar-I-spi-no'sus.* [From ra'rus, 
“ few,” and spi'na, a“ thorn,” or “ spine.”] 
Having few spines. 
lias. = Rasu'rse.* “ Shavings.” 
Rash. An eruption on the skin. See 
Exanthema. 
Ra'sor. o'rfs.* [From ra'do, ra'snm, 
to “ scrape,” “ scratch,” or “ shave.”] Ap- 
plied in the plural (Raso'res) to an order 
of birds which scratch the ground for 
their food, as the common hen; also 
called Gallinacese. 
Ra-so'res,* the plural of Rasor, 
which see. 
Rasp'a-to-ry. [Raspato'riiim; 
from ra'do, ra'sum.?] An instrument for 
rasping bones. See Scalprum. 
Ra-su'ra.* [From ra'do, ra'sum, to 
“scrape,” or “shave.”] A shaving. 
Ratanhy. See Rhatany. 
Rate (Fr.), r&t. See Spleen. 
Ratio (ra'she-o), o'nis.* [From re'or, 
ra'tus, to “suppose,” “judge,” or “think.’ ] 
Originally, “reason,” “thought,” “de- 
sign.” Proportion: rate. The propor- 
464 RAT 
REC 
tion which ono magnitude bears to an- 
other of the same kind. 
Rational, rash'un-al. [Rationa'- 
lis;-from ra'tio, “reason,” “method.”] 
Conformable to reason, or to a well-rea- 
soned plan. Often applied to a sound 
course of practice, as opposed to empiri- 
cism. 
Rat’s Bane. Arsenious acid. Also 
applied to the seed of the Strychnos nux 
vomica. 
Rat'tle. (Fr. Rale, r&l.) A vulgar 
term for the rattling sound in the throat 
of dying persons, arising from the ac- 
cumulation of mucus, or purulent mat- 
ter, in the bronchia, etc. 
Rat'tle-snake Root. The Polygala 
senega. See Sexega. 
Ran, or Raw, Process of. The 
processus gracilis of the malleus. 
Rau-ce'do, ed'iW*.* [From rau'cus, 
“hoarse.”] Hoarseness, caused by an 
inflamed state of the mucous membrane 
of the larynx and trachea. 
Ray. [Ra'dius.] A term for the 
marginal flowers of a head (or compound 
flower) when they are different from the 
rest, as in the sunflower; also, one of 
the pedicels of an umbel. In Optics, a 
beam of light propagated in a straight 
line from some luminous point. Rays 
are distinguished into— 
1. Calorif'ic rays, which produce 
heat; the highest degree of caloric being 
found in the red ray of the prismatic 
spectrum. 
2. Lu'mixous rays, which impart light; 
the highest degree of illumination being 
afforded by the brightest yellow or the 
palest green of the prismatic spectrum. 
3. Chem'ical rays, which cause neither 
heat nor light, but produce chemical 
changes. The greatest chemical action 
is in the violet ray. 
The term ray is also applied to the 
bony or cartilaginous formations, more 
or less numerous, which support the 
membranous fins of fishes. See Radius. 
Rays, Medullary. See Medullary 
Rays. 
Re. A Latin particle signifying 
“again,” “back,” or “against;” hence 
often implying resistance. Before a 
vowel, a d is added, as redintegration for 
re-integration. 
Re-ac'tion. [Reac'tio, o'nis; from 
re, “ again,” or “back,” and a'go, ac'tum, 
to “act.”] Literally, “acting back or 
Against;” also, “ acting again.” In Me- 
chanics, the reciproeality of force exerted 
by two bodies which act mutually on or 
against each other. In Physiology, the 
“acting again” of the vital powers aftei 
they have been greatly depressed. Also 
applied to the effect produced on the 
system by irritants or stimuli, in which 
the vital forces seem to resist the irritating 
substance. The state or process of ap- 
plying a reagent, or test, for detecting 
the presence of certain other bodies. 
Re-ft'&ent. [Rea'gcns,enTis/ from 
the same.] A substance employed in 
chemical analysis to ascertain ftie quan- 
tity or quality of the component parts 
of' bodies by reacting on their elements: 
a test. 
Ke-al'gar. The protosulphuret of 
arsenic; also called Arsenicum rubrum, 
or“Red Arsenic.” Realgar occurs native; 
it may also be formed artificially, by heat- 
ing arsenious acid with sulphur. 
Reaumur’s Scale. See Thermo- 
meter. 
Reanmnriaeese,* ro-mu-re-a'she-e, 
or ri-o-mu-re-a'she-e. [From Reanmu'- 
ria, one of the genera.] A small natural 
order of exogenous shrubs, found on the 
coast of the Mediterranean and saline 
plains of Northern Asia. 
Re-ceiv'er. A vessel fitted to a re- 
tort, alembic, or the like, for receiving 
the product of distillation. 
Re-cep'to-cle. [Receptac'ulnm; 
from recip'io, recep'tum, to “ receive.”] 
Originally, a place to receive or keep 
things in. Applied to the apex of the 
flower-stalk, on which all the organs of 
a flower are situated; the axis of the 
flower. 
Re-cep-tac'u-lum Cliy li.' (“Re- 
ceptacle of the Chyle.”) (Fr. Reservoir 
du Chyle, rAzeR'vw&R' dii sh6i.) A name 
applied to the somewhat expanded lower 
portion of the thoracic duct. 
[Imperative mood of re- 
cip'io, to “ take.”] Constantly used in the 
abbreviated form, as the commence- 
ment of a medical prescription. 
Rec-li-na/tion. [Rcclina'tco.o'ms,- 
from recli'no, reclina'tnm, to “bend 
back.”] One of the operations for cata- 
ract, in which the lens is thrown back- 
wards into the middle and towards the 
bottom of the vitreous humor. 
Rc-clined', or Rec'll-itate. [Re- 
clina'tus; from the same.] Bending 
downwards. 
Rcc're-ment [from re, “again,” and 
cer’nere, ere'turn, to “sift,” or “secrete”], 
or Rccrcmentidal (rek-re-inen-tish'- 
al) IS Elinor. Literally, “a returned 
secretion,”—that is, a secretion, like the 
465 REC 
REC 
saliva, which, after having been sepa- 
rated from the nlood, is again given back 
to it. 
[Reerudes'- 
cens; from recrudes'co, to “grow raw 
and sore again.”] A growing worse 
again; an increase of a disease after a 
temporary abatement. 
Rect. = Rectijica'tus.* “ Rectified.” 
Rec-tal 'ifl-au* [From rec'tum, and 
aXyoi, “pain.”] Pain of the rectum. The 
same asuPaocTALGiA. 
Reo-tangle. [ Rectan'g'ulus: from 
rec'tus, “right,” and an'yulus, an “an- 
gle.”] A right-angled parallelogram. 
When the adjacent sides are equal, it 
becomes a square. 
Rec-tan'gu-lar. [Rectangula'ris.] 
Having right angles. 
Rec-tem'bry-us.* [From rec’tus, 
“straight,” and em'bryon, an “ embryo.”] 
Applied to a section of the Leguminosse, 
containing those having the radicle of 
the embryo straight. 
Rec-tl-fl-ca'tion. [Rectifica'tio, 
o'nis; from rectif'ico, rectijica'turn, to 
“make right.”] A second or repeated 
distillation, in which substances are 
more perfectly purified. 
ttccli-lird. [Rectilica'tus; from 
the same.] Made more pure, or stronger. 
Rectified Spirit. See Spiritus Rec- 
tificatus. 
Rec-tl-lin'e-ar. [Rectiiiu'eus; from 
rec'tus, “straight,” and li'nea, a “line.”] 
Relating to, or bounded by, straight 
lines. 
Rec'ti-ncrved. [Rectiner'vis; 
from rec'tus, “straight,” and ner'vus, a 
“nerve.”] Having straight nerves or 
veins; parallel-veined. Applied to leaves. 
Rec-ti-ros'tris.* [From rec'tus, 
“straight,” and ros'trum, a “beak.”] 
Having a straight beak. Applied to 
shells, birds, etc.: rectirostrate. 
Rcc-ti'tis, idis.* [From rec'tum.] In- 
flammation of the rectum. See Procti- 
tis. 
Rec-tri'ceS,* the plural of Rectrix, 
which see. 
Rec'trix, tri'eis,* plural lfcc-Iri - 
ces. [From re’go, rec’tum, to “ guide.”] 
The plumes of the tail of birds, which, 
like a rudder, direct their flight. 
Rec'tum.* [From rec'tus, “ straight.”] 
The last, nearly straight, portion of the 
large intestine, terminating at the anus. 
Rec'tus.* [From re'go, rec'tum, to 
“rule.”] Right; straight. Applied to 
muscles, etc. 
Rec'tus Ab-dom'I-nis.* (“Straight 
[Muscle] of the Abdomen.”) A muscle 
arising from the pubes, and inserted 
inte the three inferior true ribs and the 
ensiform cartilage. It pulls down the 
ribs in respiration. 
Rectus €ai»'I-tis,* plural Rec'ti 
Cap'i-tis. (“Straight [Muscles] of the 
Head.”) The name of five muscles 
arising from the upper cervical vertebrae, 
and inserted into the occipital bone. 
These are the Rec'tus cap'ilis anti'cun 
ma'jor, Hec'tus cap'itia anti'cus mi’nor, 
Hec'tus cap'itis latera'lis, Hec'tus cup'i- 
tis posti'cus ma'jor, and Hec'tus cap'itis 
posti'cus mi'nor. 
Rec'tiis E v-tcr'nus Oc'n-li.* (“ Ex- 
ternal Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
A muscle arising from the optic foramen, 
and inserted into the outer side of the 
eye. It is also named abductor oculi, 
from its turning the eye outwards. 
Rec'tus Fem'o-ris.* (“ Straight 
[Muscle] of the Thigh.”) A muscle 
arising by two heads from the ilium and 
acetabulum, and inserted into the pa- 
tella. It is sometimes called rectus cruris 
(“Straight [Muscle] of the Leg”). It 
extends the leg. 
Rec tus In-fe'rl-or Oc'u-li.* (“In- 
ferior Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
A muscle arising from the lower part of 
the optic foramen, and inserted opposite 
to the rectus superior. It is also named 
deprimens oculi, from its drawing the 
eye downwards. 
Itec iiis In-tcrus Oc'u-li.® (“In- 
ternal Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
A muscle arising from the margin of the 
optic foramen, and inserted into the 
inner side of the eye. It is also named 
adducens, from its drawing the eye 
towards the nose. 
Rec'tus Su-pe'ri-or Oc'u-li.* (“ Su- 
perior Straight [Muscle] of the Eye.”) 
A muscle arising from the upper part of 
the optic foramen, and inserted into the 
superior and fore part of the sclerotica. 
It is also named attollens or levator 
oculi, from its office of raising the eye, 
and the superbns (“proud”), from the ex- 
pression which it imparts. 
Re-cur'rent. [Recur'rcns. on'tis ; 
from recur'm, to “ run back.”] Running 
back. Applied to a nerve, and to branches 
of arteries, nerves, etc.; also, returning 
at intervals. 
Re-cur-va'tion. [Recurva'tio, 
o 'uis; from recur' vo, recnrva'tum, to 
“bend back.”] A bending backwards. 
Applied to the vertebral column. 
Rc-curvcil', or Re-cur'vatc. [Re. 
466 REC 
A bringcr or leader back. Applied to a 
muscle of the vertebral column. 
Etc- (linpli-ca'tiun. [Ihituplica- 
tio, o'nis; from re, “again,” and du'- 
plico, duplica' turn, to “ double.”] The 
act of doubling. Applied to the parox- 
ysms of ague of a double type. 
Re-fi'ning. The act of purifying 
any thing; particularly the assaying cr 
purifying gold and silver by separating 
them from other bodies which are com- 
bined with them. 
lie-licet'. [From re, “again,” or 
“back,” and flee'to, flee’turn or flex'um, 
to “bend,” or “turn.”] To turn back. 
(See Reflection.) To double back on 
itself, as a membrane. 
Ke-flec'tiou. or Re-flex'ion. [Re- 
ISec'tio, o'nis; from the same.] The 
act of turning back or reflecting. In 
Mechanics, the rebound of a body from 
the surface of another body against which 
it impinges. In Natural Philosophj', 
the term is applied to analogous motions 
of light, heat, and sound. In Obstetrics, 
it is applied to a bending back of the 
uterus. (See Retroversio Uteri.) In 
Anatomy, to a duplicature of a mem- 
brane, etc. 
Rellec'tloii, An'{gle of. The angle 
made by the line of direction of the re- 
flected body or ray with a line which is 
perpendicular to the reflecting surface. 
Re'flex. [Refflex'us; see Reflec- 
tion.] Applied to certain actions and 
functions of living beings. See next 
article. 
Re'flex Ac'tion. A term applied 
to those involuntary movements caused 
by some impression or irritation con- 
veyed to the spinal marrow by the affer- 
ent spinal nerves, in consequence of 
which, an excitement or impulse is sent 
back by the reflex spinal nerves, pro- 
ducing the movements in question. Thus, 
an irritation of the lining membrane of 
the nostril causes the convulsive invol- 
untary movement of the muscles of res- 
piration, termed sneezing. 
Re'flex Fuiic'tioii. Applied to cer- 
tain' functions of living beings, per- 
formed through the medium of the reflex 
nerves. 
Re'flex Spi'nal Nerves. Those of 
the spinal system of nerves which con- 
vey motor impulses from the spinal mar- 
row in consequence of imprest ions lrin’o 
upon the surface of the body. See Re- 
flex Action. 
Re-flexed'. Bent downwards or back- 
wards. Applied to parts of plants. 
REP 
curva'tiis, Recur'vus; from the 
same.] Bent or curved backwards. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
Re-cur-vI-fo'Ix-us.* [From recur'vo, 
to “bend back,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having leaves recurved or reflected at 
their extremity. 
Red Fire. A pyrotechnical com- 
pound of nitrate of sfrontia, sulphur, 
antimony, and chlorate of potash, burn- 
ing with a red flame. 
Red Oum. A popular name for 
Stroph' ulus intertine'tus. 
Red Lead. Minium, or red oxide of 
lead. 
Red Pre-cip'I-tate. The Hydrar- 
gyri Oxydum Rubrum, which see. 
Red Root. One of the popular names 
for the Ceano’thus America'nw, other- 
wise called New Jer'sey Tea. A small 
indigenous shrub, of the Linnasan class 
Pentandria, natural order lthamnacese, 
found in most parts of the United States. 
It has small white flowers in clusters or 
dense panicles, and ovate, acuminate, 
and serrate leaves. The root is astrin- 
gent, and imparts a red color to water. 
During the Revolutionary War, the 
leaves of this plant were used as a sub- 
stitute for tea, on which account it has 
recently attracted considerable attention. 
An infusion of the dried leaves and 
seeds has been recommended in aphthous 
affections of the mouth, and in the sore 
throat attending scarlet fever. 
Reel Sandal, Red Saunders. The 
wood of Plerocar'pus santali'nus. 
Red. in pulv. = Redac'tus in pul' - 
verem.* “ Reduced to powder.” 
Redig. in pulv. == Jiediga’tur in 
pulverem.* “Let it be reduced to pow- 
der.” 
lie-dint e-grate. [ Rods utegra't ms; 
from re, “again,” and in'teger, “entire,” 
“sound.”] Restored to soundness or 
completeness; renovated. 
Re-din-te-g’ra'tion. [Rcdinte- 
gra'tio, o'nis; from the same.] A re- 
storation to soundness; a reproduction 
of a part of the body which has been 
destroyed. 
Re-duc'tion. [Reduc'tio, o'nis; 
from redu’eo, reduc'tum, to “bring back,” 
to “reduce.”] The process by which 
metals, changed or disguised by a union 
with other substances, are restored to 
their metallic state. It is generally ap- 
plied to the restoration of metallic oxides. 
In Surgery, the returning of a dislocated 
bone into its natural situation. 
Re-duc'tor, o'r/*.* [From the same.] 
467 REF 
REL 
Reflexion. See Reflection. 
Re'flux. [Rcflnx'us; from re, 
“back,” and flu'o, flux'um, to “flow.”] 
The movement of the sea when it retires 
after the flux or flow; the ebb. In 
Physiology, the return of the blood from 
the head, or from the lower half of the 
body, to the heart. 
Re-fract'e<l. In Botany, suddenly 
bent backwards. 
Re-frac'tion. [Refrac'tio, o'nis; 
from re, “ again,” or “ back,” and fran'- 
go, frac'tum, to “break.”] The devia- 
tion of a ray of light from its original 
direction on entering obliquely a me- 
dium of a different density. The laws 
which regulate the refraction of light 
form the subject of that branch of Natu- 
ral Philosophy called Dioptrics. 
Double Refraction is a property of 
certain transparent minerals, etc., as Ice- 
land spar, by which they present two 
images of any object seen through them. 
A ray of light passing through these 
media is separated into two distinct pen- 
cils which pursue separate courses. 
Re-frac'tive. [Refract!'viis; from 
the same.] Pertaining to refraction; 
causing or producing refraction. 
Ro-frac'to-ry. [From re, “back,” 
or “against,” implying resistance, and 
fran'go, frac'tum, to “break,” to “sub- 
due.”] Properly, “that will not or can- 
not be subdued.” Applied to a substance 
which it is difficult or impossible to melt. 
Re-fraii-gI-l»il'I-ty'. [ Kcfraiigi- 
bil'itas, a 'tie; from the same.] The 
tendency of luminous rays to be re- 
fracted or bent in passing obliquely 
from one transparent medium into an- 
other, or in traversing a medium the 
density of which is not uniform. 
Re-fran'gi-ble. [Rofranjfib'ilis; 
from the same.] Susceptible of refrac- 
tion. 
Re-frl&'e-rant. [Rcfrig-'erans; 
from refrig'ero, refrigera'turn, to “cool,” 
to “chill.”] Applied to medicines which 
cool the body or blood. 
Ko-frijg'e-ra-to-ry. [Refrigcra- 
to'rium; from the same.] A vessel 
filled with cold water, for condensing 
vapors or cooling substances. 
Re-&en-e-ra'tion. [Regenera'tio, 
o'nis; from re, “again,” or “anew,” and 
gen'ero, genera'turn, to “generate.”] Ap- 
plied in Physiology to the reproduction 
of a part or substance lost by disease or 
injury. See Redintegration. 
Re'&I-a. A'qua.* (“Royal Water.”) 
See Nitro -Muriatic Acid. 
Re&'I-men, m'inis* [From re'go, 
to “rule,” or “regulate.”] A Latin 
word sign ifying “ government,” or “ regu- 
lation :” applied to the regulation of the 
diet. A rational and methodical course 
of life in respect to food, etc. 
Re'&ion. o'ltis.] A par- 
ticular portion of the body; especially 
used in reference to a particular organ 
or viscus, as the region of the liver, 
heart, kidney, etc. 
Reg'n-lar. [Regula'rls: from reg'- 
ula, a “rule.”] Applied to flowers in 
which the members of each floral circle 
(i.e. the corolla or calyx) are alike in 
shape and size. 
Regular Nolids. See Solid. 
Reg'-u-lar-I-flo'rus.* [From regu- 
la'ris, “regular,” and flos, a “flower.”] 
Applied to the head and the disk of the 
Synantherm, when composed of flowers 
with regular corols. 
Reg'u-lus.* [Diminutive of rex, 
re'gis, a “king.”] A pure metal reduced 
from its ore. 
Res’, limb. = Re'gio umbili'ci.* “ Re- 
gion of the navel.” 
ion. [Regnrgita'- 
tio, o'his ; from re, “again,” or “back,” 
and gur'ges, a “flood,” a “flowing.”] A 
flowing back; a flowing the wrong way. 
Applied, for example, to the flowing back 
of the blood from the ventricles into the 
auricles of the heart. 
Re-la'tions, Or-san’ie. A term 
applied to the relations subsisting be- 
tween different parts of the animal 
economy. They may be ranked under 
three different heads :— 
1. Mechanical Relations, or such as 
depend upon the position of parts, in 
consequence of which, if one organ be 
displaced (or greatly enlarged), the free 
and healthy operation of an adjacent 
organ is interfered with: thus, in cases 
of prolapsus nteri, urination is sometimes 
rendered difficult and painful. 
2. Functional Relations, or those where- 
by the healthy condition of one organ 
depends upon the healthy operation of 
another: thus, if there be derangement 
in either the respiratory or digestive 
function, the blood fails to communicate 
a healthful stimulus to the heart, and 
the function of the latter organ becomes 
consequently impaired. 
3. Sympathetic Relations, or those, 
which depend upon the nervo'as sympa- 
thy subsisting between different parts. 
See Sympathy. 
Relaxantla,* re-lax-an'snc-a, Re- 
468 lax'ants. (Fr. Reid chant, reh-l&’shoN0'.) 
[Bhom relax'o, relaxa'tum, to “loosen.”] 
Applied to substances which relax and 
soften parts that are inflamed. 
Rel-ax-a't ion. [Relaxa'tio, o'ms; 
from the same.] The act of relaxing, or 
state of being relaxed. In Physiology, 
the reverse of contraction or tension. 
Re-li'quI-se, a'run;.'* [From relin’- 
quo, to “ leave.”] Relics. Applied to or- 
ganic remains, as fossil Zoophytes, Crus- 
taceans, etc. 
Re-me'di-nm Ca-thol'i-con.® A 
panacea. See Catholicon. 
Rem'e-dy. [Reme'dinm; from re, 
“again,” and me'dear, to “heal.”] That 
which is employed in the treatment of 
diseases, whether palliative, preventive, 
or curative. 
Rciii'i-ges.* [Plural of re'mex, rem'- 
iyin, a “ rower,” or “ oarsman.”] Applied 
to strong, stiff feathers in the wings of 
birds, the action of which is compared 
to that of oars. 
Re-mis'sion. [Remis'sio, o’nis; 
from remit'to, remix'sum, to “ remit,” to 
“relax.”] An abatement or diminution 
of febrile symptoms occurring between 
the accessions of remittent fever. Also 
applied to the abatement of the symptoms 
of continuous fever. 
Re-init'tent. ! Remit'tens: from 
the same.] Applied to disorders the 
symptoms of which abate considerably 
and then return again and again until 
the disease is overcome or proves fatal. 
Item it'tout Fe'ver. [Lat. Fe'bris 
Remit'tens; Fr. Fie ere Remittente, 
fe-evR' The name given 
to any fever which abates, but does not 
wholly cease, at regular intervals. See 
Epanetus. 
Rem'o-ra.® [From rem'oror, to 
“hinder,” or “stop.”] A stoppage, or 
stagnation. Also applied to surgical in- 
struments used to retain parts in their 
place ( in situ). 
Ke-mn-ti-to'll-us.® [From remo'tns, 
“distant,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Ap- 
plied to leaves distant from each other. 
Ren,®gen. Re'nis. The kidney; the 
gland by which the urine is secreted. 
Re'nal. [Rena'lis; from ren, the 
“kidney.”] Belonging to the kidney. 
Re'nal Ap'o-plex-y. Another name 
fbr hchu'ria ren a'Us. 
Renal Calculus. See Nephrolithos. 
Re'nal Glands or Cap'sules. 
[Glan'dulre or Cap'sulai Rena'les.] 
The renal (suprarenal) glands or atra- 
biliary capsules. 
REL 
Ren'cn-lns.® [Diminutive of ren, 
the “kidney.”] The name of each di? 
tinct lobe of the kidney in the embryk 
of the Mammalia. 
Ren-i-fo'll-us.® [From ren, re’nia, 
the “kidney,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having reniform leaves: renifo'lious. 
Ren'i-form. [Renifor'mis; from 
ren, re'nis, the “kidney.”] Formed like 
the kidney. Applied to a roundish cor- 
date leaf, of which the lateral dimension 
exceeds the length from the base to the 
apex. 
Ren'net, or Rnn'net. Applied to a 
fluid made by infusing the rennet-bag, or 
inner coat or membrane of a calf’s sto- 
mach, in hot water; also to the mem- 
brane itself. It has the property of co- 
agulating milk. 
Renoncnle, reh-noN°'kUF. The 
French name for Ranunculus. See Ra- 
nunculi. 
Re-pan(l'. [Repan'dus.] Bowed, 
or waved. Applied to a leaf of which 
the margin is slightly waved, or sinuate. 
Repanditas. See Lordosis. 
Rc-pcl'lent. [Repel'lens; from re- 
pel'lo, to “ beat or drive back.”] Driving 
back. Applied to medicines which cause 
diseases to recede from the surface. 
Re'pent. [Rc'pens; from re'po, 
to “creep.”] Creeping on the ground. 
Applied to plants and reptiles. 
Ite-pcr-cus'slve. [From re, “back,” 
and percu'tio, percus'anm, to “strike,” or 
“ beat.”] The same as Repellent, which 
see. 
Repercntiens (rep-er-ku'she-ens), 
em'titi* [From the same.] The same 
as Repellent, which see. 
Repet. — Repeta'tnr,® or Repetan'- 
tur * “ Let it, or them, be repeated.” 
Re-ple'tion. [Reple'tio, o'nis; 
from rep'leo, reple'tum, to “fill up.”] 
The state or condition of being full, or 
gorged. The same as Plethora, which 
see. 
Rep'll-cate, or Rep'II-ca-tive. 
[Replicati'vus; from re, “again,” or 
“back,” and pli'eo, plica'turn, to “fold.”] 
Folded back. Applied to mstivation 
when the floral organs are folded in- 
wards upon themselves, and to verna- 
tion when the upper part of the leaves is 
folded back and applied to the lower. 
Re'plum.® A Latin word signifying 
a leaf of a door. In Botany, a framelike 
placenta from which the valves of the 
pod fall away in dehiscence, as in the 
Papaveraceee, etc. 
Reprimentia,* rcp-re-men'shc-a. 
REP 
469 REP 
RES 
[From rep'rimo, to “ repress.”] “ Repress- 
ing Medicines.” Remedies for fluxes; as 
astringents, acid stimulants, etc. 
Rep'rl-ments. The same as Rep- 
rim entiA, which see. 
Rc-pro-d nc'tion. [Reprod uc 'tio, 
O'nis; from re, “again,” and produ'co, 
prodne'tum, to “bring forth,” to “pro- 
duce.”] The production by organized 
bodies of others similar to themselves. 
Re-pro-duc'tlve. [Reproducti'- 
ms; from the same.] Producing again; 
adapted for reproduction. 
Reproductive Organs of 
Plants. The stamens and pistils. 
Rep'tant. [ Rep'tans; from rep'to, 
to “creep.”] Creeping. The same as 
Repent. 
Rep-ta'tion. [Repta'tio, o'nis; 
from re.))'to, repta' turn, to “creep.”] Creep- 
ing. The mode of progression proper to 
serpents and certain Invertebrata. 
Rep'tile. [See Reptilis.] A cold- 
blooded vertebrate animal which creeps 
on the ground. 
Rep-til'I-a,* the plural of Reptilis, 
which see. 
Rep'tl-lis.* [From re'po, rep'tnm, 
to “ creep.”] A reptile; any thing that 
creeps. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Reptil’ia) to a class of animals which 
have either no feet, as the serpents, or 
feet so short, as the lizards, that, they 
creep with their bodies close to the 
ground. 
Rep-tl-liv'o-rous. [Reptiliv'o- 
rus; from rep'tilis, a “reptile,” and 
vo'ro, to “devour.”] Eating or devour- 
ing reptiles. Applied to birds. 
Re-pul'sion. [Repui'sio, o'nis; 
from repel'lo, repul'sum, to “ drive back,” 
or “repel.”] That power or tendency 
which impels the particles of matter to 
separate, and is in constant opposition 
to attraction. This repulsive force, which 
is inherent in all matter, is by many sup- 
posed to be produced by caloric. 
Re-pul'slve. [Repulsi'vns; from 
the same.] Producing repulsion. Some- 
times applied to double refraction when 
the extraordinary ray is more removed 
from the axis than the ordinary, and this 
is situated between it and the axis. 
Repulsive Force. See Repulsion. 
Re-sec'tion. [Resec'tio, o'nis; 
from res'eco, resec'turn, to “cut off.”] A 
variety of amputation. 
Re-se'da I.u-te'o-la. A European 
plant called Weld, or Dyers’ Weed, 
which was once used as a diaphoretic 
and diuretic. 
Resedaceay* res-e-da'she-e. A small 
natural order of exogenous plants, mostly 
herbaceous, comprising the Rese'da (Mig- 
nonette), highly prized for its fragrance. 
Bfservoir <lu Chyle, ri-zeu'vwH.u' 
dll shffi. The French term for Recep- 
taculum Ciivli, which see. 
Re-sM'u-um.* [From resi'deo, to 
“remain.”] The residue. Applied to 
that which is left after any process of 
separation or purification. 
Re-si'na,* plural Re-si'nse. [Gr. 
priTLi/rj ; from pirn, to “flow.”] A resin. 
The Pharmacopceial name for a vegetable, 
solid, inflammable substance; the resi- 
duum of the turpentines of various spe- 
cies of Pinas and Abies. 
Resi'na Al'foa.* (“White Resin.”) 
Obtained from the Pinas sylvestris, etc. ; 
also, the residuum of the distillation of 
turpentine in a particular state of purity. 
Resi'na Fla'va.® (“Yellow Resin.”) 
Applied to the residuum after the dis- 
tillation of the volatile oil from the tur- 
pentines: sometimes called Colnpho'nia, 
or Coloph'ony, in the United States popu- 
larly termed rosin. 
Resi'na .Tsi-la'pse* (“Resin of Ja- 
lap”) is prepared in precisely the same 
manner as the Resina Podopiiylli, 
which see. 
Resi'na STi'g’ra.* (“ Black Resin.”) 
Applied to a coarser kind of resin. 
Resi'naINxl-o-pliylTi.® (“Resin of 
May-Apple.”) Take of May-apple, in 
fine powder, sixteen troyounces ; alcohol, 
water, each a sufficient quantity. Moisten 
the May-apple with four fluidounees of 
alcohol, pack it firmly in a cylindrical 
percolator, and gradually pour alcohol 
upon it until four pints have passed, or 
until the filtered liquid ceases to occa- 
sion turbidness when dropped into water. 
Reduce the tincture to half a pint by 
distilling off the alcohol, mix the residue 
with four pints of water, separate the 
precipitate formed, wash it thoroughly 
with water, and dry it with a gentle heat. 
This preparation, directed by the U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia, is essentially the same 
substance as Podophyli.in, which see. 
Re-si'nse,* the plural of Resina, 
which see. 
Res-i-na'tus.* [From resi'na, “ re- 
sin.”] Belonging to, or having, resin. 
Re&-i-nif 'er-ons. [Resinif'erns; 
from resi'na,' “resin,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or aff trding resin. 
Re&'in-I-lorni. [Resinifor'mis; 
from resi'na, “ resin.”] Having the ap- 
pearance of a resin. 
470 Res'I-iioi<l. [Resinoi'ales; from 
resi'na, “ resin,” and eiAj, a “ form.”] 
Resembling resin. 
Res-I-iao 'sa.® Resinous stimulants. 
Vegetable stimulants which owe the 
whole of their activity to resin. 
Ros i-nous. ( Resino'sus; from 
resi'na, “ resin.”] Resembling, contain- 
ing, or consisting of resin. 
Re-sis'tance. [Resistan'tia; from 
resis'to, to “ stand still,” to “ stop,” to 
“withstand.”] Applied in Mechanics and 
Physiology to a force or power acting in 
opposition to another force or power, so 
as to destroy or diminish its effect. 
Res Jfat-u-ra'Ies.® (“Natural 
Things.”) A term formerly applied to 
the elements, humors, etc. which were 
supposed to constitute the nature or life 
of man. 
Res Bfon-nat-u-ra'les.® (“ Non- 
natural Things.”) Those principal 
things and substances which contribute 
to the support of life; viz., air, meat 
and drink, motion and rest, sleep, etc. 
Res-o-lu'tion. [Resold'tio. o'nis; 
from resol'vo, resolu’tum, to “unbind,” 
to “ resolve.”] The act of resolving or 
solving; analysis; decomposition. One 
of the terminations of inflammation, in 
which it gradually disappears without 
abscess or mortification. 
Re-sol'vent. [Resol'vens; from 
the same.] Applied to substances that 
discuss inflammatory or other tumors; 
discu'tient. 
ReS'o-nance. [From res'ono, to 
“resound.”] (Fr.Retentissement,reh-toN°'- 
t^ss'moN0', or Resonance, rAzo'noxss'.) 
A preternatural resounding of the voice, 
or its sounding in a p art where it is not 
heard in health. A pathognomonic symp- 
tom in certain morbid conditions of the 
lungs. 
Re-sorp'tioai. [Resorp'tio, o'nis; 
from re, “again,” and sor'beo, sorp'tum, 
to “ drink up,” to “ swallow.”] The ab- 
sorption of a fluid or substance which 
has been previously deposited. Some- 
times applied to the degeneration of an 
organ, or part, resulting in atrophy. 
Re-spi-ra-bil'I-ty. [Respirabil'- 
itas, o'tis; from respi'ro, respira'tnm, 
to “ breathe.”] The quality of a gas 
proper for respiration. 
Re-spa 'ra-ble. [Respirab'ilis; 
from the same.] Applied to a gas fit for 
respiration. 
Res-pa-ra'tion. [Respira'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The function of breath- 
ing, including hoth inspiration and ex- 
RES 
piration; the function by which the 
nutrient circulating fluid of an organized 
body is submitted to the influence of air 
for the purpose of changing its pro- 
perties. 
Respira'tion, Rron'ehi-al. Ap- 
plied to a kind of respiration in which 
there is a sound of air passing through 
the bronchial tubes without entering the 
minute air-cells. 
Respira tion, Cav'er-nons. That 
in which there is a sound of air passing 
from the bronchia into large morbid cavi- 
ties, instead of the air-cells. 
Respira'tion, Paa'e-rlle. That in 
which there is a sound like the respiration 
of infants. 
Res'pl-ra-to-ry. [Respirato'rins ; 
from respi'ro, respira'tnm, to “breathe.”] 
Pertaining to respiration. 
Res'piratoi'y Miir'inur. The mur- 
muring sound heard from the lungs of 
a healthy adult, produced by the pene- 
tration of the air into the pulmonary 
tissue and its expulsion from it. 
Res'piratory Tract. The middle 
column of the spinal marrow, described 
by Sir Charles Bell as that from which 
the respiratory nerves originate. 
Restiacea;,® res-te-a'she-e. [From 
Res'tio, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of endogenous glumaceous plants, 
found in South Africa and Australia. 
Res-tl-for'iiiis.® [From res'lis, a 
“ rope,” or “ cord.”] Res'tiform; having 
the appearance of a cord or rope. See 
Corpora Restiformia. 
Re-sd'pl-nate. [Resupina'tns; 
from resupi'no, resvpina’tum, to “ turn 
upside down.”] Having the lower sur- 
face turned upward. 
[Resuscita'tio, 
o'nis; from re, “ again,” and sus'cito, sns- 
cita'tum, to “ wake,” to “ excite,” to “ raise 
up.”] The act of restoring to life those 
who are apparently dead. 
Re-tar-«Ia'tioii. [Retarala'tto, 
o'nig) from retar'do,retarda'tnm, to “ hin- 
der,” or “retard.”] A stopping, or 
hindering. Applied to delay of child- 
birth. 
Retell'in};-. ['Vomituri'tio, o'jijs.1 
Continued involuntary etforts to vomit, 
without effect. 
Re'te,® or Re'tls.® A net or net- 
work. Any interlacement of fibres, 
nerves, or vessels, like network. 
Rete Malpighll. See Rete Muco- 
strir. 
Re'te MI-rab'I-Ie.® (“Wondrous 
Network.”) The network of blood- 
RET 
471 vessels at the base of the brain of quad- 
rupeds. 
Re'te Mu-co'sum.* (“Mucous Net- 
work.”) A mucous substance between 
the derma and epidermis, containing the 
coloring matter of the skin; best exhi- 
bited in the negro. 
Re'te Tes'tis.* (“Network of the 
Testis.”) The tubular structure, or min- 
gling of the Tubnli recti, on the back of 
the Tunica albuginea testis. 
Re-ten'tion. [Retcn'tfo, o'nis; 
from retin'eo, reten'tum, to “ hold back,” 
to “retain.”] The keeping back, or stop- 
page, of any of the excretions, particu- 
larly the urine. 
Retention of the Menses. Sec 
Emansio Mensium, and Amenorrhgea. 
Retentissemcnt, reh-tdN“'t&ss'moN°'. 
A French term for Resonance, which see. 
Re-tic'u-lar. [Retieula'ris; from 
re'te, a “net.”] Pertaining to, or re- 
sembling, a net. 
Re-tic'u-Iat-ed, or Re-tic'u-late. 
[Reticula'tux; from the same.] Formed 
like a net; netted; as reticulated or netted- 
veined leaves, which are almost universal 
in exogenous plants. They present two 
general forms of venation, the feather- 
veined and the radiate-veined. 
Re-tlc'u-Ium.* [Diminutive of re'te, 
a “net.”] A little net. Applied to the 
second stomach of the Ruminantia. 
Re-tif'er-ous. [Retif'crns; from 
re'te, a “net,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Marked with, or having, lines like a net. 
Ret'i-form. [Retifor'inis ; from 
re'te, a “ net.”] Formed like a net. 
Ret'i-na.* [From re'te, a “ net.”] 
The organ of visual perception, the most 
internal membrane of the eye, being an 
expansion of the optic nerve. It con- 
sists of three layers; the external, or 
Jacob's membrane, the middle, or ner- 
vous, and the internal, or vascular mem- 
brane. 
Rct-f-nac'u-lum,* plural Ret-I- 
nac'u-Ia. [From retin'eo, to “ hold 
back.”] A stay, or tie. Applied in 
Anatomy to the frsenum, or fold of mem- 
brane, continued from each commissuro 
of the ilio-caecal and ilio-colic valves 
round on the inner side of the caecum. 
In Botany, a viscous globular corpuscle, 
to which is attached the small pedicle 
which sustains the masses of pollen in 
the Orchids. In Surgery, it is applied to 
an instrument for keeping the bowels or 
other parts in their place in certain ope- 
rations. 
Ret'i-nerved. [Refiner'vis; from 
RET 
re'te, a “ net,” and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] 
The same as Reticulated, which see. 
Ret-I-ni'tis, IdisJ* Inflammation of 
the retina. 
Ret'i-ped. [Ret'ipes, p'edis; from 
re'te, a “net,” and jjes, a “foot.”] Hav- 
ing the skin of the legs divided into 
small polygonous scales. Applied to cer- 
tain birds. 
Re-tort'. [Retor'ta; from retor'gueo, 
retor'tum, to “ twist or turn backnamed 
from the bend in the neck.] A vessel 
made of glass, earthenware, or iron, for 
the purpose of distillation. 
Retort, Tu'bu-lat-ed. A retort 
having a small hole in the roof. 
Re-itrac'tlle. [Retrac'tilis; from 
re, “ again,” or “hack,” and tra'ho, trac'- 
tum, to “ draw.”] Capable of being 
drawn back. Applied to nails or claws 
when the phalanx which bears them is 
articulated in such a manner that, in re- 
pose, they are withdrawn to the superior 
part of the toe. 
Re-t rac-t i 1 f-ty. [Retraetil 'itas, 
n't in; from the same.] The quality of a 
part that is retractile. 
Retrac'tion. [Retrae'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The shortening of a 
broken limb, the contraction of the mus- 
cles forcing the broken ends of the bone to 
glide by each other, as in oblique fractures. 
Re-trac'tor.* [From the same.] A 
piece of linen employed in amputation 
for drawing the divided muscles upward, 
and thus keeping every part of the 
wound out of the way of the saw. 
Ret/ra-hens.* [From the same.] 
Drawing back; retracting. 
Rcfrahens Au'ris.* (“Retracting 
[Muscle] of the Ear.”) A name given 
to the posterior auris muscle, from its 
action in drawing back the ear. 
Rf'trt'cisseiiienf. rAtrA's6ss'moN“'. 
The French term for Stricture, which 
see. 
Ret-ro-ce'«lent. [Retroce'dens; 
from re'tro, “backwards,” and ce'do, to 
“ go,” or “move.”] Going back, or going 
from the outer part of the body to an 
interior organ, as gout, rheumatism, etc. 
Ret'ro-curved. The same as Re- 
curved. 
Ret'ro-llexed. [Retroflex 'us: 
from re'tro, “backwards,” and flee'to, 
flex'um, to “bend.”] The same as Re- 
flexed. 
Retroflex'io (ret-ro-flek'she-o/ IT'te- 
ri.* A bending back of the womb. Some- 
times used in the same manner as Retro- 
versio Uteri. 
IlET 
472 Ret-ro-flex'ion. [Refroflcx'io. 
o'nis; from the same.] A bending back- 
wards. 
Ret'ro-grade. [Retrog'radus; 
from rc'tro, “ backwards,” and ijra'dior, to 
“ go.”] Going back or backwards; re- 
trocedent. 
Retrover'sio (ret-ro-ver'she-o) U'te- 
ri.* A displacement of the uterus in 
which the fundus is thrown downwards 
below the promontory of the sacrum, 
while the os and cervix are forced up- 
wards and forwards against or over the 
symphysis pubis. 
Ret-ro-ver'sion. [Retrover'sio, 
o'nis; from rc'tro, “ backwards,” and ver'- 
to, ver'sum, to “ turn.”] A turning back- 
wards. Applied to the bladder, uterus, 
etc. 
Ret-ro-vert'ed. [From re'tro, 
“backwards,” and ver'to, to “ turn.”] In 
Botany, turned back or over; turned up- 
side down. 
Re-tuse'. [Retu'sus; fromretun'do, 
retu'sum, to “ make blunt.”] Slightly 
notched at a rounded apex. Applied to 
leaves. 
Re-ver-be-ra'tion. [Reverbera'- 
tio, o'nis; from re, “again,” or “back,” 
and ver'bero, verbera'turn, to “ strike,” or 
“beat.”] Reflection of light, heat, or 
sound. 
Re-ver-ber-a-to'ri-nm.* [From the 
same.] The metallic concave plate ap- 
pended to lamps for the purpose of in- 
creasing the intensity of their light. 
Re-ver ber-a-to-rj Fur'nace. One 
in which, by its peculiar construction, 
the flame is thrown back, or reverberated, 
upon the substance or body exposed to 
its action. 
Rev'e-ry, or Rev'e-rie. [Fr. Recer, 
to “muse.”] Absence of mind; a loose 
or extravagant train of thoughts; mental 
aberration. See Aphelxia. 
Re-viv-i-fl-ca'tion. [From re, 
“again,” vi'vus, “alive,” and fa'cio, to 
“make.”] Making alive; recovery of 
life: a phenomenon occurring in some 
animalcules, as the Rotifer redivirus. 
Rev'o-liite. j Revoiu'tus: from 
recol'vo, revolu'tum, to “roll back.”] 
Rolled back. Applied to the margins of 
leaves. 
Rev-o-Iu'fion. [Revolu'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of revolving. 
In Astronomy, the movement which a 
heavenly body performs, between its de- 
parture from a given point in its orbit, 
and its return to the same point; also, 
the interval of time spent in such act of 
RET 
revolving. Also applied to the rotation 
of a heavenly body on its axis. 
K<>-vul sant. [Kevul'sans; from re, 
“back,” and vei'lo, vid'sum, to “pull,” or 
“draw;” to “draw off.”] Drawing off; 
deriving. See Derivative. 
Re-vul'sion. [Revul'sio, o'nis; 
from the same.] Literally, a “ drawing 
back,” or “drawing off.” A pulling or 
drawing off, as of the hair, teeth, etc. 
Usually applied to the action of medi- 
cines which, by producing irritation in 
one part, draw off diseased action from 
another. 
Rex Met-al-lo'riim.* (“ King of 
Metals.”) An alchemical name for gold. 
Rha-bar'bsi-riiin.* [From Rho, the 
Volga, a river in Russia, and bar’barns, 
“wild.”] Tournefort’s name for RHEiisr. 
which see. 
Riia-vhl-:e'tis.* [From pdxis, the 
“ spine.”] Belonging to the spine. 
Rha-elii'a-ffra.* [From paX‘s, the 
“spine,” and dypa, a “seizure.”] Gout 
or severe pain in the spinal region. Also 
spelled Rachisar/ra. 
Riia-cSiI-al'&i-sw* [From pdxi;, the 
“ spine,” and <lXyos, “ pain.”] Pain oc- 
curring in the spine, or vertebral column. 
Rba-«hi-al-£i'tis, i din.* Inflam- 
matory rkacliialgia. 
Rha-ehl-as'mus.* [From paX‘(, the 
“ spine.”] Applied by M. Hall to the 
first symptoms of epilepsy, consisting in 
a spasmodic action of muscles at the 
back of the neck. 
Rha-«hi-o-camp'sis.* [From piiyij, 
the “ spine,” and xu/tipis, a “ bending.”] 
Curvature of the spine. 
Rha-«hI-o«Ii'jr-sis.* [From paxt;, the 
“spine,” and xixris, a “pouring.”] Ac- 
cumulation of water in the vertebral 
column. 
Itimcfii-o-c.v-pho sis.' [From pdx>s, 
the “ spine,” and Kwpoxn;, a “ bowing.”] 
A (jibbus, or hump on the back. 
Uha-vlii-o-ily ni-a. [From pdxis, 
the “spine,” and divert, “pain.”] Pain 
in the back, spasmodic or hacmorrhoidal, 
but not purely nervous. 
Rha-«hI-o-my-e>li'tis, id is* [From 
}axif, the “spine,” and nri/e/i'tix, “in- 
flammation of the marrow.”] Inflamma- 
tion of the spinal marrow. 
Rha-chi - o - my-e- loph 'till - sis.* 
[From pux‘s> the “spine.” pveXrij, “mar- 
row,” and (pOiois, “ wasting.”] The same 
as Tabes Dorsalis, which see. 
Klia-ylii-o-pa-riil'y-sis. [From 
paXis, the “ spine,” and paral'ysis.] Paral- 
ysis of the spinal marrow. 
RHA 
473 Rha-ebl-nr-rheu'ina, n'tis.* [From 
r*:X‘s, the and pcii/xa, a “ flux,” or 
“humor.”] Applied to rheumatism of 
the back. 
KliuVliI-o-soo-Ii-o inn, Mis.* [From 
the “ spine,” and o-zioAiayia, a “curve.”] 
Lateral curvature of the spine. 
Rlia-€hI-o-sco-II-o'sis.* The pro- 
gress or formation of rhachioscolioma. 
Rha-ehi-ot'o-mum,$ or RIia-«liI- 
«to-mus.; [From pax‘?, the “spine,” 
and TS/fto, to “cut.”] An instrument 
for opening the spinal canal: a raehio- 
totne. 
Rbu-vhl-ot'o-my. [Rhacliioto'- 
mia; from the same.] Dissection of the 
spine. 
Rha'rliis, ' or Ra'«his.® [Gr. pax<?.] 
The spine, or vertebral column. Applied 
in Botany to the axis of inflorescence 
when covered with sessile flowers, as a 
spike. Also, the rib, or leaf-stalk, of 
ferns. 
Rhachisagra. See Rhachiagra. 
Rhachitta. See Rachitis. 
Rha-eo'deS.* [From p xkoj, a “ ragged 
garment;” in the plural piKta, “wrin- 
kles.”] Wrinkled, or full of wrinkles. 
Rha -eo'ma, Mis.* [From past'm, to 
“tear into strips.”] A rent or chapped 
portion of the skin. Also, a lax or pen- 
dulous condition of the scrotum. 
Rba-co'sis.* The progress of rha- 
comn. 
Rliag'a-des.* [Plural of frnya;, a 
“rent,” or “chink.”] Clefts, chaps, or 
excoriations of the skin, especially of 
the anus. 
Rhamnacese,* ram-na'she-e, or 
Rbam'ni.* A natural order of exoge- 
nous trees and shrubs, found in all parts 
of the world except the arctic regions. 
It includes the Rham’nus tranguin, which 
yields the best charcoal for gunpowder, 
and Zizyphus, from which jujube is pro- 
cured. 
Rham'ni,* the plural of Rham’nus, 
forming the Jussieuan name of an order 
of plants. See Rhamnacej®. 
Rliam'mis.*' A Linnaean genus of 
the class Pentandria, natural order 
Rhamnacete. Also, the Pharmacopceial 
name (Lond. and Dub. Ph.) of the Rham- 
nus natharticus. 
IMiam'nus <\i-thar'ti-cus.® The 
purging buckthorn. 
Rhat'a-nyr. [Rhata'nia.] The root 
of the Krameria Triandra, which see. 
Rheg’nia,Mis*orRtiex'is.® [From 
prjyv ’p; to “break,” or “burst.”] A rent, 
rupture, or fracture of a part, applied to 
RIIA 
the eyeball, bones, etc.; also, the opening 
or bursting of an abscess. 
ltliej-iiia-to'<leS.:: [From pnypn, a 
“fracture,’’ or “rent.”] Having a rent, 
tear, or rupture. 
illicg-ma-lo-i'dfs.® [From phyya, a 
“ fracture,” or “ rent,” and tido,', a 
“form.”] Resembling a rhegma, or rent. 
Rlie'ic A?’i(l. [F ■om rhe'um, “rhu- 
barb.”] The yellow, crystalline, granu- 
lar matter of rhubarb, procured from the 
plant by means of ether. 
Rlie'in, or Rhe’Kiie. [Rhei'na.] A 
substance obtained by treating rhubarb 
with ether. 
Ithe-oin e-ter. [From pirn, to “flow,” 
and gsrpoe, a “measure.”] A term em- 
ployed by French writers as synonymous 
with galvanometer; an instrument for 
measuring the force of an electric cur- 
rent. 
Rtie'um,* gen. Stie'i. [Supposed to 
bo from Rha, the river Volga, from the 
banks of which it was originally brought.] 
(Fr. Rhubarbe, rti'baRb'.) A Linntean 
genus of the class Enneandrin, natural 
order Polygonacese. Also, the Pharma- 
copoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of 
the Rheumpalmatum and of other species 
of Rheum; but according to the British 
Pharmacopoeia, for the root of one or 
more undetermined species of Rheum. 
Rhubarb is an astringent as well as 
cathartic, and combines to a certain de- 
gree the virtues of a tonic with those of 
a purgative. It is, therefore, well adapt- 
ed to cases of debility of the digestive 
organs in which a moderate or gentle 
cathartic is needed. The principal ob- 
jection to it, is that it sometimes causes 
griping; but this may be obviated, or 
mitigated, by combining it with some 
aromatic. Rhubarb is often advanta- 
geously associated with other cathartics. 
RJie'uan IPal-ma'tum.® The syste- 
matic name (U.S. Ph.) of the plant which 
yields rhubarb. 
Ithe'iiiii Rtia-bar'ba-rum.* Lin- 
nlens’s name for the Rheum nndnfatum. 
Rhe'um Un-du-la'tum.* The Rus- 
sian, or Siberian, rhubarb. 
lUieum, rum. [Lit. Rtien'ma, a tin ; 
Gr. pz'ftu, a “ flux,” or “humor,” from pko, 
to “flow.”] The discharge from the 
nostrils or lungs, caused by cold. 
Rheu-mar-ttiro'sis.® [From pzoga, 
“flux,” or “humor” arising from cold, 
and up9po;, a “joint.”] Literally, “hu- 
mor in the joints;” because it was for- 
merly supposed to be caused by a mor- 
bid humor. Rheumatism of the joints. 
RUE 
474 Rheii-ina-tal'&I-a.* [From ptvpa, a 
“flux,” or “humor,” and libyo;, “pain.”] 
Chronic pain arising from rheumatism. 
See Rheum arthrosis. 
Rheumatic, ru-mat'ik. [Rheu- 
mat'icus.] Belonging to rheumatism ; 
afflicted with rheumatism. 
Rlieu'ma-tism. [Rheumatis'mus; 
from ptvpa, a “humor” arising from cold.] 
(Fr. Rhumatisme, riTm&'t6zm'.) A dis- 
ease (once supposed to be caused by a 
morbid humor) characterized by severe 
pains in the joints (especially when these 
are acted on by the muscles) and more 
or less heat in the part, sometimes at- 
tended with pyrexia. A genus of the 
order Phleymasise, class Pyrexiic, of Cul- 
len’s Nosology. The following varieties 
may be noticed: 
1. Articular Rheumatism, occurring 
in the joints and museles of the extremi- 
ties. 2. Lumbago, occurring in the loins, 
and mostly shooting upwards. 3. Sci- 
atica, occurring in the hip-joint, with 
emaciation of the nates. 4. Spurious 
Pleurisy, occurring in the muscles of 
the diaphragm. 
Rheu-nia-tis'moid. [RSseuma- 
tismoi'des; from rheuinatis'mus, and 
etSog, a “form.”] Resembling rheuma- 
tism. 
RS»eu-ma-to<lyii'I-a.* [From pevpa, 
“flux,” or “humor,” and oRivp, “pain.”] 
Synonymous with Rheumatalgia. 
Rlieu-siia-top' [From rhen- 
mat'ic us, “ rheumatic,” andinip, a “fever.”] 
Rheumatic fever. 
Rhefi-iiia-to-spas'mus.® [From 
rheumat'tens, “ rheumatic,” and spas'tnus, 
a “ spasm.”] Rheumatic spasm or 
cramp : rheumatospasm. 
Rbi-nal'£i-a.* [From piv, the “ nose,” 
and aXyof, “pain.”] Pain in the nose.^ 
[From piv, 
the “nose,” and iyskpabov, the “brain. ] 
Connected with the nose and brain, etc. 
Rhi-nen-cepJi'a-lus.* [From piv, 
the “nose,” tv, “in,” and KtijiaXrj, the 
“head.”] A monster-foetus, having the 
nose prolonged in form of a proboscis. 
Kiii-iii'tis, idis* [From piv, the 
“nose.”] Inflammation of the nose. 
Rhi-iio-iIyn'i-a.: [From piv, the 
“nose,” and obvvp, “pain.”] Pain in the 
nose. 
Rlii-no-pl»o'ni-a.* [From piv, the 
“nose,” undpivvrj, the “voice.”] The sound 
of the voice heard through the nose. 
Rhl-no-plas'tic. [Rtainoplas'ti- 
cus.] Relating to the operation of 
rhinoplasty. 
RIIE 
Itliiiio-pIas.lv. [Rhinoplas ci- 
vil ; from piv, the “nose,” and n\aaacu, to, 
“fabricate.”] Nose-making; the ope- 
ration of forming a nose from the integu- 
ments of the forehead, otherwise termed 
the Taliacotian operation: rhinoplasties. 
Hlii-no-|K>l y-pns.:; [From pin, the 
“nose,” and pol'ypus.] Polypus of the 
nose or nostrils. 
Rhi-nor-riia'£I-j».* [From piv, the 
“nose,” and pfiyvvpt, to “burst forth.”] 
Sudden and excessive bleeding from the 
nose. See Epistaxis. 
Rlii'no-trix, ichos.* [From piv, the 
“nose,” and flpi'J, a “hair.”] In the 
plural, the vibrissse, or hairs of the nose. 
Rhi-znn'llious. [ Rliizan'tlms ; 
from a “ root,” and avdog, a “ flower.”] 
Root-flowered. Applied to parasitic 
flowers attached by a sort of root or 
roots to some foster-plant. The Ruffle'sia 
and Epiphe'yus (Beech-drops) are ex- 
amples. 
Rhi'zanths. The same as Rmzo- 
gens, which see. 
Rhizobolaeese,* ri-zo-bo-la'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
consisting of a few species of very large 
trees, found in the hottest parts of South 
America. It includes the Car'yocar Rhi- 
zob'olus. 
Rbi-zo'«leS.* [From pi$a, a “root.”] 
Having roots. 
Ulu'zo-itens. [From a “root,” 
and yevvao>, to “produce.”] A class of 
parasitical plants which have a fungus- 
like consistence, and are destitute of 
true leaves. They seem to be interme- 
diate between endogens and thallpgens. 
Rlii-zo&'e-num.* [Prom the same.] 
A peculiar organ of some Alyse, which 
increases and fixes itself by numerous 
roots: a rliizogen. 
Rbl-zogra-pby. [Rhizogra'pliia; 
from pi ',a, a “ root,” and ypacbo, to “ write.”] 
A description of roots. 
R3i i-zo-i'ties.® [From /ii'sa, a “root,” 
and eiSog, a “ form.”] Resembling a root: 
rhi'zoid. 
Rlii-zol'o-gy. [Rliizolo'gfia; from 
a “root,” and \6yog, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on roots; that branch of Bo- 
tany which treats of the roots of plants. 
Rhi-zo'ina, »(!*.* [From pic,6io, to 
“support by roots.”] A root-stock; a 
perennial, horizontal, more or less sub- 
terranean and root-like stem, as that 
of the iris, Acorns columns, etc.: a rhi- 
zome. 
Rlil-zo-mor phmi*. [Rliizomor - 
pints; from a “root,” and po(tp), 
Rill 
475 “form.”] Having the form of a root; 
root-like. 
Rhizophoracesu,® ri-zo-fo-ra'she-e. 
[From Rhizoph'ora, one of the genera.] 
Mangroves. A natural order of exog- 
enous trees and shrubs, found on the 
shores of tropical regions, where they 
root in the mud and form a dense thicket 
down to the verge of the sea. Some 
species send down roots from the branches 
like the Banyan. 
Rhi-zopti'o-rons. [Rhlzoph'o- 
rns; from pja, a “root,” and <pip<n, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing or having roots. 
Rbi-zo-pby 1'loiiM. [Rh izopbyl 
Ins; from pja, a “root,” and <pv\\o'j, a 
“leaf.”] Having leaves bearing roots. 
!iliizn-!a.:: [Diminutive of pi,a, a 
“root.”] The very fine roots of mush- 
rooms: a rhizule. 
Rho'di-nm.® [From paiov, a “rose.”] 
A metal found among the grains of 
crude platina; named from the rose- 
color of its compounds. It is of a whitish 
color, and very hard. Its specific gravity 
is about 11. 
Rho-do-den'dra,® the plural of 
Rhododen'dron, forming the Jussieuan 
name of an order of plants, now in- 
cluded in Eiucaceas, which see. 
Rho-do-den'dron.® [From p6io>, a 
“rose,” and bivbpoj, a “tree.”] A Lin- 
nuean genus of the class Decandria, natu- 
ral order Ericacex. 
Rhododen <I roll Ctir.ys-an'ttinm.® 
The dwarf rosebay, or yellow-flowered 
rhododendron : a narcotic plant, some- 
times prescribed for gout, rheumatism, etc. 
Rlio-ilog’ra-plij'. [Rhodog-ra'- 
phia; from pdtov, a “rose,” and ypojno, 
to “write.”] A description of roses. 
Rlio-dol'e-gy. [Rlaodolo'gia; from 
pj(W, a “rose,” and Xdyog, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on roses; the science of roses. 
Rho-do-sper'mns.* [From pooov, a 
“rose,” and anlppa, “seed.”] Having 
seeds or sporidia of a rose color. 
Rhoe'a-din. The coloring matter of 
the Papaver rhoeas. 
Rboe'as, ados.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Br. Ph.) for the dried petals of 
the Papaver Rhoeas ; the Rhoeados petala 
(“petals of Rhoeas”) of the Edinburgh 
Pharmacopoeia. 
Rhomb, or Rluun'bus.® [Gr. pop- 
Co;.] An oblique-angled equilateral par- 
allelogram which has two obtuse and 
two acute angles. 
Rhom-bi-fo Ss-us.® [From popSo?, a 
“rhomb,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing rhombic leaves: rhombifo'liate. 
mil 
Rhom'M>forra. [Rtiombirnr'mis; 
from p6ySo;, a “rhomb.”] Having the 
form of a rhomb. 
Rhom-bip'o-rns.$ [From po/i?oj, a 
“rhomb,” and po'rus, a ‘'pore.”] Hav- 
ing rhombiform pores. 
Rhoin-bo-Iic'di*»l, or Rhom-bo- 
lic'dri-cal. [Rhombohe'drtiN.] Be- 
longing to a rhombohedron. 
Rhom-bo-he'dron. [Rhombo- 
he'drum; from pop6o;, a “rhomb,” and 
'cCpa, a “ base.”] A solid figure bounded 
by six equal rhomboid faces. 
Rhom'boid. [Rhombeides: from 
p6p6o;, a “rhomb,” and cilo;, a “form.”] 
Resembling a rhomb. A quadrilateral 
figure whose opposite sides and angles 
are equal, but which is neither equilateral 
nor equiangular. 
Khoni-boid'al. [Rhoinboida'lis; 
from rhomboi'des, “resembling a rhomb.”] 
Approaching a rhomboid in form. 
Rhoiri-bo-i 'dc-us,* or rom-bo-i-de'- 
us. [From the same.] The name of two 
muscles (or of one muscle in two parts), 
the major and the minor, situated at the 
.posterior inferior part of the neck and 
upper part of the back. They draw the 
scapula backwards and upwards. 
RSiom'bus.® The same as Rhomb, 
which see. 
REion'ehus.* [Gr. poyAoj.] A rat- 
tling sound in the throat, or a very 
strong wheezing. See Rale. 
RBm'barb. [RhabarTmrum, and 
Rlie'um; supposed to be from liha, the 
Volga, a river in Russia, and bar'barun, 
“wild so named because chiefly brought 
from Russia.] See Riieum. 
Rhu'barb, The Rheum 
palmatum. 
Rhu'barb, Rus'sian. Rhu’barb, 
Si-be'ri-an, Rhu'barh, IJgi'du-lat- 
ed. The Rheum Rtissicum or undula- 
tion, the R. rhabarbarum of Linnaeus. 
Kluimatisino, rii'm&'tezm'. The 
French term for Rheumatism, which see. 
Rhus,* gen. Rho'is. A Linnman 
genus of the class Rentandria, natural 
order Terebinthinacex or Anacardiacex. 
The sumach-tree. Also, a flow or dis- 
charge, as that of the catamenia. 
SiSius tila lmnn.* Sumach. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
fruit of the Rhus glabrum, the properlies 
of which are astringent and refrigerant. 
It tans Rad'I-cans.* Poison Vine, or 
Poison Ivy. A plant which, when applied 
to the skin, often produces a vesicular 
eruption, and sometimes erysipelatous in- 
flammation. See Riius Toxicodexdron. 
RIIU 
476 RHU 
RIM 
Rhus Tox-l-co-den'dron.* The 
systematic name of the poison sumach, 
otherwise called poison oak. This plant 
contains an acrid poisonous principle. 
In small doses, however, the leaves have 
been given as a remedy in certain cuta- 
neous affections. Many botanists regard 
the Rhus toxicodendron and the R. radi- 
cans as merely varieties of ono species. 
See Rnus Radicans. 
Rhy'as, ml is* [From psw, to “flow.”] 
A disease of the eye consisting in a de- 
crease or defect of the Caruncula lacry- 
malis, congenital, accidental, or the re- 
sult of excision, causing an incurable 
epiphora, or continual flow of tears. 
Rhyncholite, rxnk'o-llt. [Rhyn- 
choli'tes; from pvyx»s, a “beak,” and 
A (Bo;, a “stone.”] The petrified beak of 
a bird. 
Rhyn-ehos'po-rns.® [From [myxfls, 
a “beak,” and cnrnpa, “seed.”] Having 
seeds prolonged in the form of a beak, 
as the Rondeletia. 
Rhythm, riTHm. [Bhyth'mus; 
from pi’dpds, a “measured movement.”] 
Applied to the order or proportion of time 
which exists between the pulsations of 
the heart or the movements of any organ; 
also to the order which prevails in the 
vibrations of sonorous bodies. 
Rhytidosis. See Rutidosis. 
Rib. [Cos'ta.] One of the bones 
which enclose the chest. Also, a strong 
nerve or woody fibre which forms part 
of the framework of a leaf. See Costa. 
Riband-Shaped. See Ligulate. 
Ribbed. A term applied to leaves in 
which ribs or strong nerves run length- 
wise. 
Ri'bes.* A Linnaean genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Grossxda- 
cex. The currant-bush. Sometimes also 
applied to the gooseberry-tribe. 
Ri'bes Xi griun. The black-cur- 
rant bush. 
Ri'besRu'bruBi.® The red-currant 
bush, of which the white currant is only 
a variety. 
Ribesius,* ri-be'she-us. Resembling 
the genus Ribes. 
Ribless. See Enervis. 
Rieeiaeeav- rik-sc-a'she-e. [From 
Ric'cia. one of the genera.] A natural 
order of flowerless plants, allied to mosses 
and lichens. 
Riee. The common name for the 
Or y'za sati'va. 
Rice Pa'per. A substance which is 
said to be a membrane of the Artocar'- 
pus inci'sa, or breadfruit-tree. It is 
brought from China in small pieces of 
various colors, and is used as a material 
to paint upon. 
Rich-ard-so'nl-a Sca'bra.® The 
systematic name of the white or undu- 
lated ipecacuanha. 
Ri$'I-natc. a'(is.] A 
combination of ricinic acid with a base. 
Rl-cin'ic. [Ricin'ieus; from 
nusj] Applied to one of the three acids 
produced by the saponification of castor 
oil. 
[From rif/inus, and 
tic'of, a “form.”] Resembling the llici- 
nus. 
Ri$'I-mis.® [From rig'in us, a kind 
of tick, which its seed resembles.] A 
Linnsean genus of the class Moncecia, 
natural order Euphorbicicese. 
Kicinus Coin-mu nis.* (“ Common 
Ricinus.”) The castor-oil plant. 
Ri$'inus Vnl-ga'ris.* Another 
name for the Ricinus communis. 
Rick’eis, or Ra-chi'tis.® A disease 
of children, characterized by a largo 
head, crooked spine and limbs, tumid 
abdomen, and general debility; often 
accompanied with precocious mental 
faculties. The disease appears to con- 
sist essentially in the non-deposition of 
phosphate of lime in the osteoid tissues. 
[Respecting the etymology of Rickets, 
much diversity of opinion has prevailed. 
Some have erroneously supposed it to 
be a corruption of rachitis. Dr. Good 
has, in all probability, suggested the true 
derivation of the word, referring it to 
the Anglo-Saxon riccj or hric (German 
Riicken), the “back,”—the name rickets, 
as well as rachitis, implying that the 
back, or spine, is one of the principal 
seats of the disease.] 
Ric'tus.* [From rin'gor, ric'tvs, to 
“grin.”] The opening between the lips 
of ringent, or personate, flowers. 
Rijg-i-di-fo'li-ns.* [From rig'idus, 
“stiff,” “rigid,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having rigid leaves: rigidifo'lious. 
Rl-g’itl'I-ty'. [Rigicl'itas, a'lie; 
from rig'idus, “stiff,” “rigid.”] Stiff- 
ness; inflexibility; rigidness. In Me- 
chanics, a resistance to a change of 
form. 
Rig'or, o'ris* [From pryicn, to “be- 
come cold.”] A sudden coldness, with 
shivering. See Algor. 
Bi'ma.* A chink, fissure, cleft., or 
crack. 
Ri'ma Rlot'ti-dis.* (“ Cleft or 
Fissure of the Glottis.”) The opening 
of the glottis, or rather of the larynx. 
477 RIM 
native of the United States. The hark 
of the root is said to be emetic and ca- 
thartic. 
Cteb'e-rant. [Rob'orans; from 
roVoro, to ‘•make strong.”] Giving 
strength; strengthening. 
Roc-sel'la T i i ie -to' rl-aor Dy ers’ 
liicli'en. The plant which yields litmus. 
See Lichen Roccella. 
Roc-$el'late. [Roccel'Ias, aVi's.j 
A combination of roccellie acid with a 
base. 
[RocceFlieus.] Ap- 
plied to a peculiar acid discovered in 
the Roccella tinctorxa. 
RoeeSIa. See Roccella Tinctoria. 
Ro-elielle' Salt. The tartrate of 
potash and soda. 
l!oc!i-E!sit !iT. A common name for 
the substance anciently termed Alu’meit 
liq’uidum, or “liquid alum.” 
RocJk-«MS. See Petroleum. 
Rock-Salt. A name given to native 
massive salt, found in mines in various 
parts of the world. 
Ro'dens.* [From to'do, to “gnaw.”] 
Gnawing. Applied in the plural neuter 
(Roden'tia) to an order of Mammalia 
characterized by two large incisor teeth 
in each jaw. It comprises the beaver, 
rat, squirrel, etc, 
Ro'dent. [From the same.] A term 
applied to certain animals. See Rodens. 
Itodeirtia,*' ro-den'she-a, the neu- 
ter plural of Rodens, which see. 
Rod-Shaped. See Virgate. 
Rogue, roh. A French name for 
“itch.” See Psora. 
Rogmetta’s (r6n-yet'faz) Opera- 
tion. See Phacocvstectome. 
Rdll'er. A long band of linen, 
calico, or flannel, wound up from one or 
both ends. 
Ronilement, rdNfTmoK®'. The 
French name for “snoring.” See Ster- 
tor. 
Root, See Radix. 
Root let, A very small root or ulti- 
mate branch of a root. 
Root'stoeh. The same as Rhizoma, 
which see. 
Ro-riUer-oiss, [Ror'iier, or Ro- 
riferiis; from ros, ro'ris, “ dew,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Producing or bear- 
ing dew. Applied in Anatomy to ves- 
sels which pour exhaled fluids on the 
surface of organs. 
Ko'sa.® [Gr. pd&w.~\ The Rose. A 
Linnaean genus of the class Icosandria, 
natural order Rosaceie. 
Ro'sa C’a-niiia.* (“Dog Rose.”] 
ROS 
Ri-mose', or Ri'mous. [Rimo'- 
tsus; from ri’ma, a “crack,” or “chink.”] 
Full of fissures, or cracks. 
Riiii'u-la.* [Diminutive of ri’ma, a 
“crack,” or “chink.”] A small fissure, 
cleft, or erack. 
Ring. See Annulus. 
Ring-, Abdominal. See Abdomi- 
nal Ring. 
Ring1, Fein'o-ral. [Aii'iiulus 
I’einora'lis.] An opening bounded in 
front by Poupart’s ligament, behind by 
the pubes, on the outer side by the fem- 
oral vein, on the inner by Gimbernat’s 
ligament. 
Rin'gcnt. [Riii'gens; from rin’- 
gor, to “grin.”] Gaping; grinning. 
Applied to flowers. 
Riii-gen-ti-llo'rus.'*' [From rin’geng, 
“grinning,” or “gaping,” and //on, a 
“flower.”] Applied to the calathidium 
and the disk in the Synantheree, when 
composed of ringent corollas. 
Ring-likc. See Cricoid. 
Ring worm, The common name of 
Herpes circinatus. 
Ring'worm of the Scalp. The 
disease termed Porrigo scutulata. 
Ri-pa'ri-ons. [RIpa'rius; from 
ri’pa, a “bank of a river.”] Growing 
along rivers or water-courses. Applied 
to plants. 
Rip'ples. A popular term in Scot- 
land for Tabes Dorsalis, which see. 
Rl-so'ri-us.* [From ri'deo, ri'sum, 
to “laugh.”] The “laughing” muscle 
of Santorini; a thin muscular plane 
which arises before the parotid gland, 
and proceeds towards the angle of the 
mouth, which it draws backwards and 
upwards, and thus contributes to give a 
smiling expression to the countenance. 
Risns Can inns. See Sardonic 
Laugh. 
Ri'sns SaiMion'l-ciis.* The Latin 
term for Sardonic Laugh, which see. 
Ri-vin'I-an Ducts. The excretory 
ducts of the sublingual glands, first 
pointed out by Rivinus. 
Roasting. The protracted applica- 
tion of heat, below 1he fusing-point, to 
metallic ores, in order to expel from 
them the volatile ingredients, such as 
sulphur, carbonic acid, etc. 
Rob. [From the Arabic.] A syrup 
made from the juice of fruits with sugar, 
and reduced to a greater consistency by 
boiling. 
Ro-bisi'I-a Pseu'clo-Aca'cla* or 
Pseuilacacia® (sud-a-ka'she-a). The 
systematic name of the locust-tree, a 
478 EOS 
Rosette. See Bosella. 
Rosin. See Besin. 
Ros-ina-ri'nus.* [From ros, “ dew,” 
and mart'mu, “belonging to the sea.”] 
Eosemary. A Linnman genus of the class 
Diandria, natural order Labiatse or Lami- 
aceee. Also, the Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the tops of the Rosmarinus 
officinalis. 
Rosniari'nus ©f-fii?-i-na'lis.® The 
plant termed rosemary. 
Ros'tel-late. [Rostella'tiis; from 
rostel'lum, a “little beak.”] Prolonged 
into a small rigid and sometimes crooked 
point. 
Ros-tel'lum.® [Diminutive of ros'- 
tnim, a “beak.”] A little beak. Applied 
to any similar object. 
Ros'tral. [Kostra'lis.] Besem- 
bling a beak. 
Ros trate. [Rostra'tus; from ros'- 
trum, a “beak.”] Having a beak; 
beaked. Applied to plants. 
Ros-trl-eor'nis.* [From ros'trum, 
a “beak,” and cor'nu, a “horn.”] Ap- 
plied to insects having the antennae upon 
a prolongation of the head. 
Ros' tr l- form. [Rostrifor'mis; 
from ros'trum, a “beak.”] Formed like 
a beak. 
Ros'trum.® A Latin word signify- 
ing the beak of a bird, or the snout of a 
beast. Applied to a ridge, also called 
the azygous process, observed on the 
median line of the lower aspect of the 
sphenoid bone. Also, the name given to 
certain kinds of forceps formerly used, 
from their resemblance to the beaks of 
different birds. 
Ros'n-Iar, or Ros'u-late. [Rosu- 
la'rius; from ro'sa, a “rose.”] Shaped 
like a rosette; arranged as the petals of 
a double rose. 
Rosy-Drop. See Acne Eosacea. 
[Gr. poTaKia/ms.] 
The harsh vibration of the letter r, called 
a “burr,” common in the northern parts 
of England. 
Rotate. [Rota'tus; from ro'ta, a 
“wheel.”] Wheel-shaped. Applied to 
a form of monopetalous flowers, e.g. the 
blossom of the potato. 
Ro-ta'tion. [Rota'tio, o'nis; from 
ro’to, rota'turn, to “turn round.”] The 
act of rotating or turning round. In 
Astronomy, the motion of a heavenly 
body on its axis. 
Ro-ta'tor, o'rts.® [From the same.] 
Applied to certain muscles employed in 
producing a circular movement. 
Ro-tif'e-ra,® or Rot'I-fers. [See 
EOT 
Hips. The Pharmacopceial name (Br. 
Ph.) for the ripe fruit of the dog rose, or 
hip-tree; the wild-brier. 
Rosa Cen-tl-fo' 11-a.® (“Hundred- 
leaved Eose.”) Pale llose, or Cabbage 
Eose. The Pharmacopceial name || for 
the petals of the Rosa centifolia. 
Ro'sa I»aiii-as-cc'iia.® (“Damask 
Eose.”) The Rosa centifolia. 
Rosa Cial'li-ca.® (“ French Eose.”) 
Eed Eose. The Pharmacopceial name || 
for the petals of the Rosa Gallica. 
Ro'sa Pal'H-da.® (“Pale Eose.”) 
Another name for the Rosa centifolia. 
Ro'sa Ru'bra.® (“Eed Eose.”) 
The Rosa Gallica. 
Ro sa Syl-ves'tris.® (“Wood Eose.”) 
Another name for the Rosa canina. 
Rosace;*1,® ro-sa'she-e. A natural or- 
der of exogenous plants (herbs or shrubs), 
natives chiefly of the temperate or cold 
climates of the northern hemisphere. 
This order, which is unsurpassed for 
beauty and perfume, comprises, among 
other genera, the Eose {Ro'sa), Basp- 
berry (Ru'bus), Strawberry {Fraga'ria), 
and Spirse'a. 
Ko-sa'ceous. [Rosa’cens.] Be- 
sembling a rose. Applied specially to a 
form of polypetalous corolla, with five 
short-clawcd spreading petals. 
Ro-sac'ic As'id. A name applied 
by Prout to a substance of a rose-color, 
deposited by the urine on the access of 
intermittent fever. 
Ro-sa’II-a.® [From ro'sa, a “rose 
named on account of its color.] An 
ancient name for Scarlatina, which 
see. 
[Ros'cidus; from ros, 
“dew.”] Dewy; moistened with dew. 
Rose. A plant. (See Bosa.) Also, a 
name for erysipelas. 
Rose Camphor. A solid oil of roses, 
one of the two volatile oils composing 
attar of roses; the other is a liquid oil. 
The former is a stcaropten. 
Rose, Christ'mas. The IleUeborus 
niger. 
Rose Rasli. See Boseola. 
Ro-sel'la.® [Diminutive of ro'sa, a 
“rose.”] A rosette. Applied to a mass 
of small leaves, of various form and 
color, terminating the stem of certain 
mosses. 
Rose'ma-ry. The common name of 
the Rosmarinus officinalis. 
Ro-se'o-la.® [Diminutive of ro'sa, a 
“rose.”] A rose-colored rash, not con- 
tagious) and without papulm, mostly 
symptomatic of different febrile diseases. 
479 ROT 
RUB 
Rotiferus.] The second class of the 
JJiploneura, or Helminthoida, consisting 
of minute soft aquatic animals, with 
distinct muscular and nervous systems, 
and having the appearance of revolving 
wheels produced by the rapid movement 
of the cilia placed round the mouth. 
Rotifers. See Rotifera. 
Ro-tif'er-us.* [From ro'ta, a 
“wheel,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Having, 
or bearing, wheels: rotiferous. See 
Rotifera. 
Ro'ti-lbrin. [Roiifor'mis; from 
ro'ta, a “wheel.”] Having the form of 
a- wheel. 
Rott-le'ra.® Kameela. The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the pow- 
der and hairs obtained from the capsules 
of the Rottle'ra tincto'ria. This medicine, 
the product of a plant growing in India, 
is said to be almost invariably successful 
in destroying the tape-worm. It is 
given in the dose of from two to four 
drachms, rarely, if ever, requiring to be 
repeated. 
Rot'u-Ia.* [Diminutive of ro'ta, a 
“wheel.”] A little wheel. Another 
name for the knee-pan. Sec Patella. 
Rot'u-lar. [Rotula'ris.] Belong- 
ing to the rotula. Applied by Dr. Bar- 
clay as meaning towards the rotula, or 
patella. 
Rot'u-late. [Roiula'tus; from 
rot'ula, a “little wheel.”] Having the 
form of a little wheel. 
Ro-tulid'. [From rotun'dus, “round.”] 
Having a rounded outline, as parts of 
some plants. 
Ro-tun'date. The same as Rotund, 
which see. 
Ro-tun-dl-fo'll-us.* [From rotun'- 
dus, “round,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having round leaves: rotundifo'liate. 
Rouge, roozh. A cosmetic, or dye, 
prepared from Car'thamus tincto'rius. 
Rougeole, roo'zhol'. The French 
term for “measles.” See Rubeola. 
Rough. See Scaber. 
Roughness. See Scabrities. 
Round-Leaved. See Rotundi- 
folius. 
Round Llg iv-ment. [Ligamen'- 
tum Te'rcs.] The name applied to a 
short ligament connecting the head of 
the femur with the cotyloid cavity. 
Round I.ig'ainents. [I.igainen'- 
ta Rotun'da.] Applied to two flattish 
cords attached to the sides of the uterus, 
a little below, and in front of, the origin 
of the Fallopian tubes. 
Routinist, roo-tcen'ist. [From rou- 
tine'.] Applied to a physician who in 
his practice follows an unvarying routine, 
without taking into consideration the 
varieties of the disease or the peculiari- 
ties of his patient’s constitution. 
Roxburghiacene,* rox-bur-ge-a'- 
slic-e. A natural order of twining 
shrubs, found in the hotter parts of 
India. It consists of a single genus, 
the Roxbur'ghia. Lindley regards them 
as belonging to a transition class, par- 
taking of the nature of endogens and 
exogens. 
Roy'al Stitch. The name of an old 
operation for the cure of bubonocele. 
It consisted in putting a ligature under 
the neck of the hernial sac, close to the 
abdominal ring, and then tying that part 
of the sac so as to render it impervious 
by the adhesive inflammation thus ex- 
cited. 
Rubbing' Sound. See Bruit de 
Frottement. 
Ru-be'do, d'iim.* [From rn'ber, 
“red.”] A diffused redness of the skin, 
as in blushing. 
Ru-be-la'cient. [Rubefa'ciens; 
from rubefa'cio, to “make red.”] Applied 
to any substance which reddens and irri- 
tates without blistering the skin. 
Ru-be'o-la.* [From ru'beo, to 
“blush.”] (Fr. Rougeole, roo'zhol'.) The 
measles, a disease attended with inflam- 
matory fever, dry cough, sneezing, drow- 
siness, and an eruption of small red 
points, perceptible by the touch. A genus 
of the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexise, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ru-be'o-loid. [Rubeoloi'des; from 
rube'ola, the “measles.”] Resembling 
rubeola. 
Ru'bi-a.* [From ru'ber, “red.”] 
Madder. A Linnman genus of the class 
Tetrandria, natural order Rubiacex or 
Cinchonacew. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Rubia 
tinctorum. 
Ru'bia Tine-to' ruin.® (“Dyers’ 
Madder.”) The systematic name of the 
madder-plant; the root is called Radix 
rubra (“red-root”). 
Rubiacese,® ru-be-a'she-e. [From 
Ru'bia, one of the genera.] The Jus- 
sieuan name of an order of plants the 
same ag Cinchonacea:, which see. 
Rn-bl-ii/ceons. [Rubia'eeus; from 
Ru'bia.] Resembling the Rubra. 
Ru'bl-an. A term sometimes applied 
to the coloring matter of madder. See 
Alizarin. 
Ru'bi-cund. [Rubicun'dus; from 
480 ru'beo, to “be red.”] Red, reddish, or 
rosy. 
Ru'bl-form. [Rnbifor'mis; from 
Ru'bus, the “raspberry.”] Having the 
form of a raspberry. 
Ru-big'I-nous, or Ru-big'i-nose. 
[ BSubagino'sus; from rubi'go, rubig'inis, 
“rust.”] Having the color of rust; 
rusty-reddish. 
Ru-bi'go,® gen. Ru-big'S-nis. A 
Latin word signifying “mildew” or 
“rust.” 
Rubi'go Fer'ri.* (“Rust of Iron.”) 
A preparation made by exposing moist- 
ened iron wire to the air until it is con- 
verted into rust. It is essentially the 
same as the Sesquioxide or Iron, which 
see. 
Ru-bri-cau'lis.® [From ru'ber, “red,” 
and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Having a red 
stem: rubricau'line. 
Ru-bri-flo'rous. [Rubriflo'rus; 
from ru'ber, “red,” and jios, a “flower.”] 
Having red flowers. 
Ru'bu-Ia.® [Diminutive of Ru’bus.] 
The specific name for the yaws in Good’s 
Nosology. See Anthracia Rubula. 
Ru'bus.® [From ru'ber, “red.”] A 
Linnaean genus of the class Icosandria, 
natural order Rosacese. 
Ru'bus.® Blackberry-root. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of Rubus Canadensis, and of Rubus 
villosus. 
Ru'bus Cse'sl-us.® The dewberry- 
plant, or heath bramble, the fruit being 
similar to the blackberry. 
Ru'bus Fru-tl-co'sus.® The com- 
mon bramble, which yields blackberries. 
Ru'bus I-dse'us.® The systematic 
name of the raspberry-plant. 
Rn'by. [From ru'beo, to “be red.”] 
A crystallized gem of various shades of 
red, consisting chiefly of alumina. The 
Oriental ruby, or red sapphire, is a rare 
and precious gem. 
Ruclatio. See Ructus. 
Ruc-tu-o'sus.® [From ruc'tus, a 
“belch.”] Having eructation or belching. 
Ruc'tus.® [From qmtyojiai, to 
“belch.”] An eructation, belching, or 
discharge of wind from the stomach. 
Rud'dle. A kind of red chalk. 
Ru'de-ral. [From ru'dus, ru'deris, 
“rubbish.”] Growing among rubbish. 
Applied to plants. 
Ru'alt-uicnt. [Unitlinen'tum : 
from ru'dis, “raw,” “inexperienced.”] 
The first instruction given to children; 
a first principle in science; the origin 
or rude state of any thing. 
RUB 
Rn-<ll-men'ta-ry. [Riulimen- 
ta'rius; from the same.] Relating to 
rudiments. In Botany, imperfectly or 
incompletely developed. 
Rue. The common English name for 
the lluta graveolcns. 
Ru-fi-ner'vts.® [From ru’fus, “ red,” 
and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Having ruddy- 
colored nervures. 
Rufous. [Ru'fus.] Brownish-red. 
Kn'ga,® plural Ru'gse. (Fr. Ride, 
r£d, and Pit, plA) A wrinkle. 
Ru-gl-fo'li-us.® [From ru'ga, a 
“wrinkle,” and fo'limn, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing wrinkled leaves: rugifo'lious. 
Engine. See Raspatory. 
Ru-gose'. [Eugo'sns; from ru'ga, 
a “wrinkle.”] Rugged; wrinkled. 
Ruin. [Spir'iins Jainaicen'sis.] 
Jamaica spirit. A well-known spirituous 
liquor, obtained from the sugar-cane. 
Ru'mcx, ieis.® Yellow Dock. A 
Linn man genus of the class Hexandria, 
natural order Polygonacex. Also, the 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of the Rumex crispus. 
Ku'nicx Au-e-to'sa.® The common 
sorrel, or sou>^dock. 
Rn'mi-nant, or Ru'mi-nat-lng. 
[Ru'minans; from ru'mino, rumina'- 
tum, to “ chew the cud.”] Chewing the 
cud. Applied to an order of animals. 
See Ruminantia. 
Ruminantia,® ru-me-nan'she-su 
[See Ruminant.] The name of an order 
of Mammalia, comprising the cow, sheep, 
and deer. They all have four stomachs. 
Ru'mi-nat-ed. [Perhaps from ru'- 
men, a “throat,” or “opening.”] Pene- 
trated with holes or channels. Applied 
to the albumen of seeds.—(Gray.) 
Ru-mi-na'tion. [Ruimina'tio, 
o'nis; see Ruminant.] Chewing the cud, 
or bringing up of the food, which has 
been swallowed, into the mouth again to 
be properly chewed. A physiological 
peculiarity of a certain order of ani- 
mals. 
Run'ci-nate. [Runcina'tus; from 
ntnci'na, a “large saw.”] Notched, like 
a saw; with the teeth turned backwards, 
i.e. towards the base of a leaf. 
Rum'ner. A prostrate slender branch 
sent off from the base of the parent stem. 
It strikes root at its apex, and produces 
a tuft of leaves, thus giving rise to an 
independent plant, as in the Straw- 
berry. 
Run'ning. Popularly applied to a 
continual discharge or flow of pus or 
mucus. 
RUN 
481 RUP 
SAC 
Rnjiellensis Sal. See Sal Rupel- 
LENS1S. 
Ru-pes'trlne. [From ru'pes, a 
“rock.”] Growing naturally or spon- 
taneously on rocks. 
Ru'|»i-a.:i [From pino;, “sordes.”] 
An eruptive disease in which there are 
broad flat vesicles, succeeded by an ill- 
conditioned discharge which thickens 
into superficial scabs, easily detached 
and immediately replaced by new ones. 
Rup'tlle. [From rum'po, rup'tum, 
to “break,” or “burst.”] Bursting 
irregularly. Applied to parts of plants. 
Rup'ture. [From the same.] A 
popular name for Hernia, which see. 
Ru-ric'o-lus.* [From rus, ru'ris, the 
“country,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] 
Living in the country, or fields. 
Rust. [Rubi'gu, $s'inis.~\ The sub- 
stance which is formed on the surface of 
iron and some other metals when ex- 
posed to the air and moisture. The rust 
of iron (rubigo ferri) is essentially a scs- 
quioxide (or peroxide) of iron. 
Rus-tic'o-lus.* [From rus, the 
“country,” and co’lo, to “inhabit.”] Liv- 
ing in fields or meadows. Applied to 
certain birds. 
Ru'ta.® Rue. A Linnasan genus 
of the class Rccandria, natural order 
Rutacem. Also, the Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of the Ru’ta 
grav'eolens. 
Ru'ta Grav'e-o-lens.* (“Heavy- 
smelling Rue.”) The common rue-plant. 
Rutacese,* ru-ta'she-e, or Ru'tav:;: 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
mostly trees or shrubs, found in many 
warm regions. It includes liu'ta (Rue), 
and Dictam'nus, a fragrant plant which 
emits an inflammable vapor. 
Ku-taeeous. [Ruia'ceiis.] Re- 
sembling rue (Ruta). 
Ku-tlac'ui-uui.* A new metal dis- 
covered in native platinum in 1844. It 
is hard and brittle, and has a specific 
gravity of about 8.5. 
Ru-tl-do'sis,*' written also RHiyt-i- 
do'sis,® and Ryt-*-<lo'sis.* [From ports, 
a “wrinkle.”] A shrinking or puckering 
of the cornea, regarded as. a certain sign 
of approaching death. 
Ruyscli (roisK), Membrane of. 
Sec next article. 
liiiy-sehl-a'na, Meiii-bra'na.® 
(“ Ruyschian Membrane,” or“ Membrane 
of Ruysch.”) The internal layer of the 
choroid coat of the eye: first particular- 
ized by Ruysch; also called Tunica Ruy- 
schiana. 
Huy'seM-i, Tu'ni-ca Cel-lii-Iosa.® 
(“ Cellular Coat of Ruysch.”) The celiu- 
lar coat of the intestines, described by 
Ruysch. 
Rye. A kind of cereal grain, used 
for bread. (SeeSncALE.) The seeds are 
sometimes infected with a parasitic fun- 
gus, when they acquire medicinal and 
poisonous qualities. See Ergota. 
Rye, Erjgot of. See Ergota. 
Rye, Spurred. The &'ecale cornutum, 
or ergot of rye. 
Rytidosis. See Rutidosis. 
s. 
S. = Semis'sis.* “Half.” 
S. A., or S. A. Ta. — Secun'dum ar'tem,* 
“ According to art,” or Secun'dum ar'tis 
le'ges* “According to the rules of art.” 
Sab-a-tlil'Ia.® [From the Spanish 
Cebe'dn, “ barley.”] Cevadilla. The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the seed 
of Vera'tram sabadil'la ; but according 
to the British Pharmacopoeia, the dried 
fruit of the Asagrse'a officina'lis. 
Sab-a-dil'lan. [Sabadilli'na.] An 
excessively acrid white substance ob- 
tained from the seeds of the Veratrum 
sabadilla and Hel-onias officinal is. 
Sabbatia,* sab-ba'she-a. American 
Centaury. The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the herb of the Sabba'tia 
angula'ris. 
Sabi'na.* Savine. The Pharma- 
copoeial name |j for the tops of Juniperus 
sabina. 
Sab-u-lie'o-Ius.® [From sab'ulum, 
“sand,” or “gravel,” and co'lo, to “in- 
habit.”] Growing or living in sand. 
Sab'u-llne. The same as Sabulous, 
which see. 
Sab'u-lose. [From sab'ulum, 
“sand,” or “gravel.”] Growing in sand. 
Applied to certain plants. 
Sab'u-lous. [Siibiilo’sus; from the 
same.] Gritty; sandy. 
Sa-bur’ra.* A Latin word for “bal- 
last.” Applied to foulness of the sto- 
mach ; sordes. 
Sac'cate, or Sac'cat-cd. [Sacca'- 
tus: from sac'cus, a “sac.”] Contained 
in a membranous bag; also, formed like 
a sac; sac-shaped. 
482 Sac'clia-rat-ed. [Sacchara'tns; 
from saccharum, “sugar.”] Having or 
containing sugar. 
Sac-cha-reph-i-dro'sis.® [From 
sac'charum, “sugar,” and epliidro'sis, a 
“ sweating.”] A saccharine sweating. 
Sac'cha-ri S’a**,.® (“ Dregs of Su- 
gar.”) Treacle, or molasses. 
Sac-cha- r if' er-ous. [Saechari f '- 
crus; from sac'charum, “sugar,” and 
fe' ro, to “ bear.”] Yielding sugar. 
Sac-clia-rl-fl-ca'tion. [Saecha- 
rltica'tio, o'uis ; from sac'charum, “su- 
gar,” and fa'cio, to “make.”] The con- 
version of a substance into sugar, as 
starch when treated by sulphuric acid. 
Sac-chij-ri-fi-ca'tus.® [From the 
same.] Converted into sugar. 
Sac'cha-rlue. [Sacchari'nus; from 
sac’charum, “sugar.”] Belonging to 
sugar, or having the properties of sugar. 
Sae'cha-roM. [Saceharos'des; 
from sac'charum, “sugar,” and ciios, a 
“form.”] Resembling loaf-sugar in tex- 
ture. Applied to minerals. 
Sac-eha-r ol' o-gy. [Saccli arolo' - 
gia; from sac'charum, “sugar,” and 
Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] A treatise on su- 
gar ; or the science of sugar. 
Sac-elia-rom'e-ter. [Saccharom'- 
ct rum; from sac'charum, “ sugar,” and 
lil-poi/, a “ measure.”] An instrument for 
ascertaining the quantity of sugar in 
liquors, syrups, etc. 
Sac'cha-rum.® [From the Arabic 
Shak’ar or Shak'kar.] A Linnrean genus 
of the class Triandria, natural order 
Graminaceee. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the sugar of the Sac'- 
charum officina'rum refined; the Saccha- 
rum album of the British Pharmacopoeia. 
See Sugar. 
Sac'charum A-cer'iium.® (“Maple 
Sugar.”) Sugar obtained from the A'cer 
saechari'num ; also called Sac'charum 
Canaden'se. 
Sac'charum Album.* (“White 
Sugar.”) Refined sugar; loaf-sugar. 
Sac'charum Can-a-den'sc.® (“Ca- 
nadian Sugar.”) A name for the Sac'- 
charum acer'num, or maple-sugar. 
Sac'charum Com-mu'ne® (“ Com- 
mon Sugar”), Sac'charum Jfon-pu- 
ri-fl-ca'tum* (“Unpurified Sugar”). 
Systematic terms for moist sugar; other- 
wise termed Muscovado sugar. 
Sac'charum 3>ac'tis.® (“ Sugar of 
Milk.”) The name applied to a crystal- 
line substance obtained from whey, in 
hard white masses, having a sweet taste, 
and the specific gravity 1.5. It has been 
SAC 
assigned a place on tlio primary list of 
the Materia Medica of the U.S. Pharma- 
copoeia for 1860. It has also been in- 
serted in the list of the British Pharma- 
copoeia. Used as a bland and nutritious 
article of diet in certain diseases. 
Sac'eSiariini Of-fl$>l-na'le,* or 
Sac'charum Of-fH‘-i*na'rum.® (“Of- 
ficinal Saccharum.”) Names for the su- 
gar-cane. 
Sac'dsanuu fiJi-fiir iii. - (“ Sugar 
of Load.”) The Acetaa phimbi. 
Sae-cho-Iac' late. [SaccSsolac/ tas, 
a'tts.] A combination of saccholactie 
acid with a base. 
Sac-clso-lac' tic. [Saccholac'ti- 
cns; from sac'chcirum, “sugar,” and lac, 
“mills.”] Applied to mucie acid, be- 
cause first obtained from sugar of milk. 
Sac-eho-lac'tie A$'id. [Saccho- 
lac'tscuiu A$'idum.] The same as 
Mrcic Acid. 
Sac-tif'er-us.* [From sac'cus, a 
“sac,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing or 
haying a sac or sac-like appendage. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
[Saccifor'mis; from 
sac'cus, a “sac.”] Formed like a sac. 
Sac'cu-lat-ed. [Saccula'tus; from 
sac'cuius, a “little sac.”] Bagged, or 
pursed out in little expansions. 
Sac'eule. [Sac'culus; diminutive 
of sac'cus, a “ sac.”] A little sac or pouch. 
Sae-cu-lo'sus.® [From sac’culus, a 
“ little sac.”] Having little sacs. 
Sac'culus Ad-I-po'sus.® (“ Adipose 
Sac.”) The bursa mucosa of a joint. 
Sac'culus Cor'dis.® (“ Sac of the 
Heart.”) A name for the pericardium. 
Sac'culus (or Sac'cus) I.,ach-ry- 
ma'lis.® The lachrymal sac or bag, a 
small cavity forming the commencement 
of the passage which conducts the tears 
from the eye to the nose. 
Sac'cuius iAi-ryn'gis.® (“Little 
Sac of the Larynx.”) A pouch extend- 
ing upward from the ventricle of the 
larynx to the upper border of the thy- 
roid cartilage. 
Sac'culus Pro'prI-us.® The smaller 
of the two sacs of the vestibulum of the 
ear, formed by the expansion of the audi- 
tory nerve. 
Sac'cus.® A Latin word signifying 
a “ sac.” 
Sa'cer Ig'nis.® (“Sacred Fire.”) 
A term for erysipelas; also formerly ap- 
plied to Herpes exedens. 
Sa'cer Mor'tocts,,® (“Sacred Dis- 
ease.”) A name for Epilepsy, which see. 
Sa'cer Mus'eu-lus.® (“ Sacred Mus- 
SAC 
483 SAG 
SAL 
cle.”) A designation of the transversa’lis 
l umbo' rum. 
Sack. A wine formerly much used, 
said to be brought from the Canary 
Islands, and called Canary; also applied 
to a wine brought from Malaga in Spain. 
Sa'cral. [Lat. Sacra'lis; Fr. Sucre, 
sVkR&'.) Belonging to the sacrum. 
Applied by Dr. Barclay as meaning to- 
wards the sacrum. 
Sa-cro-lum-ba'lis.* A muscle aris- 
ing from the sacrum, etc., and inserted 
into the angles of the six lower ribs. 
Sa'crum.* [Etymology uncertain.] 
The triangular bone wedged between 
the Ossa innominata, forming the poste- 
rior wall of the pelvis. 
Safe'tj’ Eamji. A lamp invented by 
Sir II. Davy, consisting of a common 
oil-lamp, completely surrounded with a 
cage of fine wire gauze, for the use of 
miners. The gauze has the property of 
preventing the flame of the lamp from 
igniting the explosive mixture of gases 
which surrounds it, that portion only 
beiug burned which is within the cage. 
Saffron. The common English 
name for the Crocus Sativus, which see. 
Saffron, Meadow. A name for 
the Col'chicum uutumna'le. 
Sug-il-pc'imm.* [Gr. cayairrivov.'] The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Lond. Ph., 1851) 
of the gum-resin of an uncertain plant, 
said to be a species of Ferula. It is re- 
puted to be emmenagogue and antispas- 
modic. 
Sage. The common name of Salvia 
Officinalis, which see. 
Sag’e Femme, s3,zh f&mm. The French 
for Midwife, which see. 
Sagit-tal. [Sagitta'lis; from na- 
ff it'ta, an “arrow.”] Relating to, or 
shaped like, an arrow. 
Sag' ittal Su'tsire. The suture which 
unites the parietal bones. 
Sag'it-tato. [Sngitta'tus; from 
sagit'ta, an “arrow.”] Having the shape 
of an arrow, as a lanceolate leaf with a 
lobe at the base on each side pointing 
backward. 
Sag-if-f if'er-oiis. [Sagittif’erns; 
from mgit'ta, an “arrow,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing arrow-shaped objects. 
Applied to plants, shells, etc. 
Sa-git-ti-fo'U-ons. [Sagitfifo'li- 
na; from mgit'ta, an “arrow,” and fo'- 
liuni, a “leaf.”] Having arrow-shaped 
leaves. 
Sa/go. (Fr. Sagou, s&'goo'.) The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
prepared fecula obtained from the pith 
of the Sagas Humph !i. and other species of 
Sagus. Used as a nutritious and easily 
digestible food in febrile affections and in 
convalescence from acute disorders. 
Nairn. A name for the Adeps suillus, 
or hog’s lard. See Adeps. 
Saint Anthony’s Fire. See Ery- 
sipelas. 
Saint "Vi'tus’ Dance. A common 
name for Chorea, which see. 
Sal,* gen. Sa'iis. [Prom uXj, “salt.”] 
Salt. Applied to a compound in definite 
proportions, of an acid with an alkali, 
earth, or metallic oxide. 
Sal Asn-nio'nl-an*. [Sal Amino- 
ni'actim.] The former name of Mu- 
riate of Ammonia, which see. 
Sal Ar-g'en'ti.* (“Salt of Silver.”) 
The nitrate of silver. See Lunar Caustic. 
Sal Bcn'zo-in.* Benzoic acid: the 
Ac'idum Benzo'icum of the British Phar- 
macopoeia. 
Sal ta-tliar'fi-ciis Am-a'rus* 
(“Bitter Cathartic Salt”), or Sal t'a- 
thar’ti-cus An-gli-ca'nns* (“English 
Cathartic Salt”). Names forthe sulphate 
of magnesia. 
Sal Cathar'ticus Glaii-l»e'ri.* 
(“'Cathartic Salt of Glauber.”) The sul- 
phate of soda, or Glauber’s salt. 
Sal fhal'y-bis.* (“Salt of Iron or 
Steel.”) The sulphate of iron. 
Sal Fom-mu'nis.* (“ Common Salt.”) 
The chloride of sodium. See Sodii 
Chloridum. 
Sal Cor'nu Cer'vi.* (“ Salt of 
Hartshorn.”) The Subcarbonate of 
Ammonia, which see. 
Sal l)i-n-ret'i-cus.* (“ Diuretic 
Salt.”) The acetate of potash. 
Sal Ep-so-men 'sis.* (“Epsom 
Salts.”) The sulphate of magnesia. 
Sal Fos'si-lis.® Sal (iemnuc.® 
(“Fossil, or Rock, Salt.”) The chlorido 
of sodium, or common salt. 
Sal Glauber!. See Glauber’s Salt. 
Sal Mirabilis daulheri. See Glau- 
ber’s Salt. 
Sal Pi’itnellc (proo-nell'). Nitre, or 
saltpetre, fused and poured into moulds 
so as to form small balls. It is some- 
times prepared with a mixture of sul- 
phate of potash. See Potassas Nitras. 
Sal Ru-pel-len 'sis.* [From liu- 
pel'la, the Latin name of Rochelle.] 
The tartrate of potash and soda, or Ro- 
chelle salt. 
NalSa-tur'ni.® (“Salt of Lead.”) The 
acetate of lead. See Plumbi Aortas. 
Sal Vo-lat'i-lis.* (“Volatile Salt.”) 
The subcarbonate of ammonia. 
484 SAL 
a'tis; from 
sa'lax, sala'cis, “lustful,” “wanton.”] ! 
Lechery; lust; orgasm. 
Sa'lep. A farinaceous powder made 
from the root of the Orchis morio. It is 
a light and nutritious food, like tapioca. 
Salicacese,® sa-le-ka'she-e. [See next 
article.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees and shrubs, natives of Europe, 
North America, and Northern Asia. It 
includes the Willow (Sa'lix) and Poplar 
(Pop1 ulus). The bark is usually astrin- 
gent, tonic, and stomachic. 
Sal-i-CiVeeoiss. [Salica'ceus; from 
sa'lix, sal'ids, the “willow.”] Resem- 
bling the willow. Applied to an order 
of plants. See Salicacea;. 
Sal-i-ca'ri-se.® The Jussieuan name 
of a natural order of plants, called by 
some botanists Lythracea:, which see. 
Sal'1-cin, orSal'i-cine. [Salici'na.] 
An extremely bitter, white substance 
obtained from the bark of several species 
of Salix. 
Sal-i-cin'e-us.® Resembling the ge- 
nus Salix: salicineous. 
Sa/li-ent. [From sa'lio, to “leap,” to 
“spring,” to “shoot out.”] Shooting or 
jutting out; prominent. 
Sa lient Angle. An angle of a poly- 
gon projecting outwards in reference to 
the centre of the polygon. All the angles 
of any regular figure, as a triangle, square, 
etc., are salient. 
Sa-lif'er-ons. [Salif'ecus; from 
sal, a “ salt,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Con- 
taining or producing salt. 
Sal'i-fi-a-ble. [SalMab'ilis; from 
sal, a “salt,” and fi'o, to “be made.”] 
Having the property of forming a salt, 
by combination with other substances. 
Sa-lig'e-nin. [Saligeni'na; from 
salici'na, and gc'no, an ancient form of 
gig'no, to “beget.”] A new substance 
which, together with sugar, contains the 
elements of salicin, from which it is ob- 
tained. 
Sa-line'. [Sali'nus; from saZ,“salt.”] 
Belonging to or resembling salt; of the 
nature of a salt. In Botany, growing in 
salt places. 
Sa-li'va.* The fluid secretion of the 
salivary glands; spittle. 
S«-li'val. [Saliva'lis; from sali'va, 
“spittle.”] Relating to the saliva. 
Sal'i-vant. [Sali'vans, asi'/w ; from 
the same.] Exciting an increased flow 
of the saliva: salivating. 
[Saliva'rius, and Sali- 
va'ris; from the same.] Of or relating 
to the saliva. 
SAL 
Salivary «lamls. [Glan'duls® 
Saliva'rise.] The name of three glands 
situated on each side of the face, behind 
and beneath the lower jaw, for the pur- 
pose of secreting saliva. They are the 
parotid, the sub-maxillary, and the sub- 
lingual glands. 
Sal-i-va'tion. [Saliva'tio, o'nis ; 
from sali'va, “ spittle.”] An excessive 
flow of the saliva, produced by the exhi- 
bition of medicines. See Ptyalismus. 
Sa'lix, ici».® [From sa'lio, to “spring 
out.”] (Fr. Saule, sol.) A Linnatan 
genus of the class Dicecia, natural order 
Salicacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! 
name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the bark 
of Salix alba, S. caprea, and S. fragilis. 
Sa'lix Al'ba.® The white willow. 
Ma lix Ca'pre-a.® The great round- 
leaved willow. 
Sa'lix i’ra&'i-lis.® (“Brittle Wil- 
low.”) The common crack willow. The 
bark is tonic and astringent, and has 
been employed in intermittents, dyspep- 
sia, etc. 
Salpetra. See Saltpetre. 
Sal-pin-&i'tis, idis.* [From sal'- 
pinx, the “ Eustachian tube.”] Inflam- 
mation of the Eustachian tube. 
[From 
sal'pinx, hys'tera, the “ womb,” and cye'- 
sis, “pregnancy.”] A term for preg- 
nancy ortoetation partly in the Fallopian 
tube and partly in the uterus. 
Sal'pinx, in'yi*.'® [Gr. oafonyl, a 
“trumpet,” or “tube.”] A name for the 
Eustachian tube, also for the Fallopian 
tube. 
Sal'si-fy, or S&l'si-ffI. A name of the 
oyster-plant, Trayopo'yon porrifo'lium. 
Sal'sus.® The same as Saline, which 
Salt. [Lat. Sal; Fr. Sel, sel.] The 
chloride of sodium. (See Somi Chloiii- 
dum.) Common salt. In Chemistry, a 
compound, in definite proportions, of an 
acid with an alkali, earth, or metallio 
oxide. 
Salt, Xcii'tral. A combination of 
an acid with an alkali, earth, or metallic 
oxide, so proportioned that the resulting 
salt has neither acid nor alkaline proper- 
ties. 
Salt of bcm'ons. A combination 
of oxalic acid with a small portion of 
potash, as found in wood-sorrel; also 
applied to crystallized citric acid. 
Salt of Tar'tar. A very pure car- 
bonate of potassa, prepared from the 
bitartrate of potassa, or cream of tartar. 
Sal-ta'tion. [Salta'tio, o'nis; from 
485 SAL 
SAN 
sal'to, salta'turn, to “dance,” or “jump.”] 
A dancing or leaping; synonymous with 
Chorea. 
Sal'ta-to-ry. [Saltato'rlus; from 
the same.] Having the power of leap- 
ing; adapted to leaping or saltation. 
Applied to certain insects. 
Sal-tig'ra-dus.* [From sal'tus, a 
“leap,” and gra'dior, to “walk.”] Seiz- 
ing their prey by leaping. Applied to 
insects. 
Sfllt-pe'tve. [Salpe'tra; from sal, 
“salt,” and pe'tra, a “rock.”J The ni- 
trate of potash, or nitre. See Potass.® 
Nitras. 
Salts, Sec'on-da-ry. Synonymous 
with neutral salts. See Salt, Neutral. 
Sal'tus.* [From sa'lio, sal'turn, to 
“leap.”] A springing, or leaping. Ap- 
plied in the same manner as Subsultus 
tendinum. 
Ssi-lu'brI-ous. [Salu'bris; from 
sa'lus, “health.”] Salutary; wholesome; 
conducive to health. 
Sa'lus,* gen. Sa-lu'tis. A Latin 
word signifying “health,” or “safety,” 
also “salvation.” 
[Saluta'ris; from 
sa'ius, “health.”] Healthy; wholesome; 
favorable to health. 
Salvailoraeose,* sal-va-do-ra'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, found in India and Syria. It 
includes the Salvado'ra Pe/sica (the 
mustard-tree of Scripture). 
Sill-va-tel'la.* [From sal'vo, salva'- 
turn, to “save.”] A small vein on the 
back of the hand, ascending the inner 
side of the forearm; it contributes to 
form the basilic vein. Bleeding from the 
salvatella vein was once regarded as of 
especial efficacy in the treatment of cer- 
tain diseases. 
Salve. See Unguentum. 
Sftl'ver-Shaped. Hypoerateriform. 
Tubular, with a border spreading flat at 
right angles to the tube. Applied to a 
form of monopetalous corolla, as that of 
the Phlox. 
Sal'vi-a.* (Fr. Sauge, sozh.) Sage. 
A Linnman genus of plants of the class 
Diandria, natural order Labiatse; also, 
the Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the leaves of the Sal'via officina'lis. It 
is astringent, aromatic, and tonic. 
Sam'si-ra.* [From sam'ara, or so op- 
era, the seed of the elm and other trees.] 
Applied in Botany to a dry, indehiscent 
pericarp which has an appendage like a 
wing, as the maple and ash. It is also 
called a key-fruit. 
Sam'bn-cin. [Sambuci'na.] A 
peculiar substance found in the flowers 
of the SambncHS nigra. 
Sam-bu'cus. [From sambn'ca, a 
musical instrument; sometimes made, 
it is said, of elder wood.] (Fr. Stireau, 
sii’ro'.) Elder. A Linnaean genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Caprifo- 
liaeese. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the flowers of the Sambu'- 
cus Canaden’sis; but according to the 
British Pharmacopoeia, for those of the 
Sambu'cits ni'gra. The berries are ape- 
rient and diaphoretic; the inner bark is 
purgative, and in large doses emetic. 
bainlm'cus Si'siit.® The systematic 
name of the medicinal (European) elder. 
Samyilaceae,* sam-e-da'she-e. [From 
Sami/'da, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous tropical trees and 
shrubs, found mostly in America. 
Sa-nab'I-Iis.® [From sa'no, to 
“cure.”] Curable; that may be cured. 
Sa-na'tion. [Sana'tio, »'nis; from 
sa'no, sana'turn, to “heal.”] A cure, or 
restoration to health; the act of healing. 
San'a-tive. [Sauati'vus.] Heal- 
ing ; having a power or tendency to heal. 
San-a-to'rl-uni.* A synonym of 
Sanitarium, which see. 
San’a-to-ry. [Saiiato'rius; from 
sa'no, sana'turn, to “heal.”] Having 
power to heal. 
Sanctum Semen. See Semen Sanc- 
tum. 
Sand. [Are'na.] Finely-divided 
silicious matter constitutes common river 
and sea sand. Particles of other sub- 
stances are often blended with it. 
Sand-Bath. See Bath. 
San-dal'i-form. [Sandalifor'mist; 
from sanda'lium, a “sandal.”] Having 
the form of a sandal or slipper. 
Sail'da l-Wood. The wood of the 
Pterocar'pus santali'nus and San'talum 
al'bum, East Indian trees. It is prized 
for its fragrance, and is sometimes used 
as a medicine. 
Sand'stone. A species of stratified 
rock, composed of agglutinated grains 
of sand. 
Sang1, son®. The French term for 
Blood, which see. 
San-ga-ree'. Wine and water sweet- 
ened and spiced. 
Sangsne, soN“’sii'. The French term 
for the leech. See Hirudo. 
San-gnif'er-ons. [Sanguif 'ecus; 
from san'gnis, “blood,’’ and fe'ro, to 
“bear,” or “convey.”] Containing or 
conveying blood. 
486 San-gul-fl-ca'tion. [Sanguifica'- 
tio, o'nis; from san'guis, “blood,” and 
fa'vio, to “make.”] The formation of 
blood; the conversion of chyle into 
blood, or of venous into arterial blood. 
San.gui-na'rl-a.* Blood-root. The 
Pharmaeopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
rhizoma of the Sanguinaria Canadensis, 
a plant of the natural order Papavcra- 
cex. The rhizoma and seeds are emetic. 
Sanguine, sang'gwin. [Sanguin - 
eus; from san'guis, san' guinis, “blood.”] 
Abounding with blood; warm; ardent; 
nearly the same as Sanguineous. 
San-guin'e-ous. [Sanguin'eus; 
from the same.] Relating to the blood; 
bloody; of the color of blood; abound- 
ing in blood. Applied to certain diseases, 
as sanguineous apoplexy, etc. Also ap- 
plied to a particular habit or Tempera- 
ment, which see. 
San-guin-i-ros'tris.*' [From san’- 
guis, “blood,” and ros'lrum, a “beak.”] 
Having a blood-red beak. Applied to 
birds. 
San'gui-nis,* the genitive of San- 
guis, which see. 
San-guin'o-lent. [Saiiguinol«n' - 
tus; from san'guis, “blood.”] Of a 
blood-red color; bloody, or tinged with 
blood. 
San'guis,* gen. San'gul-nis. The 
Latin word for Blood, which see. 
Sanguis IJraconis- See Dragon’s 
Blood. 
Sanguisorfoaeeae,* san-gwe-sor-ba'- 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
plants, found in Europe and other tem- 
perate regions. They are allied to the 
Jiosacese. It includes the Sanguisor'ba. 
San-gui-sor'be-ae.* Synonymous 
with Sanguisorbacea:, which see. 
San-gul-su ga. :: [From san'guis, 
“blood,” and su'go, to “suck.”] A 
blood-sucker; the leech, properly so 
called; a subdivision of the genus 
Hirudo, which see. 
Sanguisu'ga Med-I-ei-na'lis,* or 
Sanguisu'ga The 
Hirudo medicinalis. 
Sa'nI-es.* [From san'guis, “blood”?] 
A thin, greenish, serous, and fetid dis- 
charge from fistulas, ulcers, etc., some- 
times tinged with blood. 
Sa'ni-ous. [Sanio'sus.] Discharg- 
ing sanies; of the nature of sanies. 
San-I-ta'rl-iun.* [From sau'itas, 
“health.”] A retreat for invalids or con- 
valescent persons, selected in reference to 
the salubrity of its situation. Also, an 
iistitution for the treatment of the sick. 
SAN 
San'I-ta-ry. [Sanita'rins; from 
the same.] Pertaining to, or promo cing, 
health. 
San'I-ty. [San'itas, a 'tis; from 
sa'nus, “sound,” "healthy,” “sane.”] 
(Fr. Saute, soN°'t&'.) Health, or sound- 
ness of mind and body. 
Santalaceae,* san-ta-la'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, na- 
tives of Europe, North America, the 
East Indies, etc. It includes Sun'talxim 
(Sandal-wood), which is used as a per- 
fume and a medicine. 
San'ta-lin. The coloring principle 
of the wood of the Pterocarpus santa- 
linus, or red saunders. 
San'ta-lum.* Red Saunders. The 
Pharmaeopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
wood of the Pterocar'pus santali'nus. 
See Sandal-Wood. 
Snail 6. See Sanity. 
Saii-ton'l-ea.® Levant Wormseed. 
The Pharmaeopoeial name || for the un- 
expanded flowers and peduncles of the 
Artemisia santonica, A. contra., and of 
other species of Artemisia. It has been 
placed on the primary list of the Materia 
Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
1860. It is anthelmintic. 
San'to-nin, or San'to-nine. [San- 
toni'na; from Santon'icai] A vegetable 
principle prepared from Artemisia san- 
tonica. 
San-to-ri'ni. Veil® I,-inis-sori-a‘.: 
(“Emissory [or Emunctory] Veins of 
Santorinus.”) The different small veins 
which pass through the foramina of the 
cranium, communicating between the 
sinuses of the dura mater and the exter- 
nal veins of the head. 
San-to-riTins. I'is'snres of. Cer- 
tain small fissures in the cartilaginous 
portions of the meatus auditorius exter- 
nus. 
Santori nus, Tn'bor-cles of. The 
small projections on the arytenoid car- 
tilages which support the ligaments of 
the glottis. 
Sap. [Suc'cns.] The juice of plants; 
the liquid imbibed by the roots of plants 
and carried up through the stem. In a 
crude state it consists chiefly of water 
and carbonic acid; but as it rises through 
the tissue of the stem, it dissolves the 
secretions it meets with in its course, and 
being attracted to the leaves, in which it 
is subjected to the influence of light, it 
is converted into a very different sub- 
stance, called elaborated sap, which con- 
tains various nutritive products, as sugar, 
starch, proteine, etc. See Sap-Wood. 
SAP 
487 Sa-i»Jie'na.:s [From aaiprn, “mani- 
fest.”] The name of two large veins of 
the leg, internal and external. 
Sap'id. [Sap'idus; from sa'jrio, to 
“taste.”] Having or imparting taste, 
especially an agreeable taste; savory. 
Sa-pid'i-ty. [Sapid’itas; from the 
same.] The quality of bodies which 
affects the organs of taste. 
Sapimlacese,* sap-in-da'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, natives of tropical regions, espe- 
cially of South America. It includes 
the Sapin'dus and Paullin'ia. Plants of 
this order are generally poisonous. 
Sa-pin'di,® the plural of Sapin'dus, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natu- 
ral order of plants. See Sapindace.®. 
Sa'po,* gen. Sa-po'nis. (Fr. Savon, 
sS,'v6n0'.) Soap; a compound of certain 
principles in oils, fats, or resin, with alka- 
lies in definite proportions. Also, the 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for soap 
made with soda and olive oil. 
Sa'po Du'rus.* (“Hard Soap.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for 
Spanish, or Castile, soap. 
Sa'po Hol lis.® (“ Soft Soap.”) The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for soap 
made with olive oil and potash. 
Sa'po Vul-ga'ris.* (“ Common 
Soap.”) A name for soap made with 
soda and animal oil. 
Sap-o-na'eeons. [Sapona'eeus; 
from sa’po, sapo'nis, “soap.”] Of the 
nature or appearance of soap; soapy. 
Sap-o-na'rl-a Of-fi£-I-na'lis.* 
Soapwort. A plant of the Linnaean 
class Decandria, natural order Caryo- 
pliyllacese. The root and leaves have 
been used as a remedy in scrofula, cancer, 
secondary syphilis, jaundice, etc. 
Sa-pon-I-fl-ca'tion. [Saponffi- 
ca'tio, «'nis; from sa'po, sapo'nis, 
“soap,” and fa'do, to “make.”] The 
conversion of oils into soap by the 
action of alkalies. 
Sa-1*011 'i-form. [Sapoiiifor'mis; 
from sa'po, sapo’nis, “ soap.”] Like soap 
in its unctuosity. 
Sap'o-nin. [Saponi'na.] A name 
applied to the frothy extract of the Sapo- 
nu'ria offdna'lis. 
Sap'o-nule. [Sapon'uluH; from 
sa'po, “soap,” and 11X17, “material.”] 
Literally, a material out of which soap 
is made. A volatile or essential oil in 
combination with a base. 
Sap-o-rif'ic. [Saporif'icus; from 
sa'por, “taste,” and fa'do, to “make.”] 
Causing or imparting taste. 
SAP 
Sap'o-rous. [From sa'por, “taste.”] 
The same as Sapid. 
Sapotacese,* sap-o-ta'she-e, or Sa- 
po'tae.* [From Sapo'ta, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees and shrubs, natives of the tropics 
of India, Africa, and America. Some 
genera produce edible fruits, as the Mar- 
malade (Achras). 
Sa-po'tse,* the plural of Sa-po'ta, 
forming the Jussieuan name of a natural 
order of plants. See Sapotace.®. 
Sapphire, saf'flr. [Lat. Sapplii'- 
rus; Gr. od<peipos.] A precious stone of 
a blue color. It consists essentially of 
crystallized alumina. The Oriental ruby 
is a red variety of- sapphire. 
Sa-pros'to-imis.* [From cairpAg, 
“putrid,” and oropa, a “mouth.”] Hav- 
ing a foul or stinking breath. 
Sap-Wood, or Al-biir'iium.* The 
outer part of the wood of exogenous 
trees, which is softer and more bibulous 
than the heart-wood. It is through the 
sap-wood that the sap ascends from the 
root to the leaves. 
&ar'$i-na.* Literally, a “pack or 
burden.” A name sometimes given to a 
peculiar substance found in the contents 
of the stomach. Also applied to the 
foetus. 
idis* [From dpi, oapso;, 
“flesh.”] Muscular inflammation; also, 
acute rheumatism. 
Sar'co-carp. [Sarcocar'piliiin, or 
Sarcociir'pus; from dpi, oapsos, “ flesh,” 
and(cap7ros, “ fruit.”] The fleshy, orpulpy, 
part of a drupe, as a peach or plum. 
Sar'co-tele.* [From dpi, “flesh,” 
and KriXr], a “tumor.”] (Fr. Hernie 
charnue, shan'nii'.) A fleshy en- 
largement of the testicle; termed also 
Her'ilia carno'sa (“fleshy hernia”). 
Sar-co'defc.* [From dpi, “flesh.”] 
Like flesh; fleshy: sarcous. 
Sar coid. [Sarcoi'des; from dpi, 
“flesh,” and dSog, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling flesh. 
Sar-co-lcm'ma, atis* [From dpi, 
“flesh,” and \tppa, a “covering.”] Ap- 
plied to the sheath which encloses each 
of the muscular fibrils. 
Sar-col'o-g'yr- [Sarcolo'gia; from 
dpi, aapicos, “flesh,” and Xdyo;, a “dis- 
course.”] The part of Anatomy which 
treats of the fleshy parts of the body. 
Sar-co'nia, a«/#,* plural Sav-co'- 
ma-ta. [From dpi, oapds, “ flesh.”] In 
Pathology, a fleshy tumor; a genus ol 
the order Tumores, class Locales, of Cul - 
len’s Nosology. Applied by Link to a 
SAR 
488 fleshy part, of variable form, which sur- 
rounds the ovary of plants, or is situated 
upon it. 
Sar-eoni'a-tous. [Sarcomato- 
sum: from sarco'ma.] Relating to, or 
of the nature of, sarcoma; fleshy. 
Saecompfoalos. See Omphaloncus. 
Sar-eopU'a-gous. [Sarcopli'a- 
gus; from o-dpj, “flesh,” and <payu), to 
“ eat.”] Eating, or living on, flesh. 
Sar-coph'a-g-us.* [From the same.] 
The name given by the ancients to a 
kind of stone said to have the property 
of consuming dead bodies placed in con- 
tact with it. Also applied to a coffin 
made of such stone. 
Sar-co-phy'ma, a tie.* [From o-dpf, 
“flesh,” and <pvpa, a “tumor.”] A fleshy 
tumor. 
Sar-cop'te&.* [From <rdp£, “flesh,” 
and K&irun, to “cut,” to “pierce,” or 
“sting,” as a worm or insect.] That which 
stings, devours, or consumes the flesh. 
See next article. 
Sareop'tes Ilom'i-nis.* (“Con- 
sumer of the Flesh of Man.”) The name 
given by Raspail to the Ac'arns scabie'i, 
or itch-insect. It is a parasite, belong- 
ing to the class Arachnida, or spiders, 
and is therefore not an insect in the 
stricter sense of the term. 
Sar-co'sis.® The progress of sar- 
coma. Also, preternatural generation 
of flesh. 
Sar-cot'ic. [Sarcot'icus; from 
aapKow, to “produce flesh.”] Making, or 
inducing the growth of, flesh. Applied 
to medicines. Also, belonging to sar- 
coma. 
Sar'cous. [From <rapf, “ flesh.”] 
Fleshy; pertaining to flesh or muscle. 
Sar-don'ic I,augSi. [Mi'sus Sar- 
•lon'iens; from oaptiovue6s, “belonging to 
Sardinia;” so called because a certain 
Sardinian plant is said to have excited 
a similar affection.] A singular con- 
vulsive laugh. Also applied to a pecu- 
liar expression of countenance observed 
in tetanus, diaphrarjmitis, etc.; also 
termed Spas'mus cyn'icus. 
Sar'ment. [Sarmen 'turn; from 
sar'po, to “prune.”] A runner; a long 
and flexible branch. 
Sar-men-ta'ceous. [Sarmenta'- 
ceus; from sarmen'turn, a “sarment.”] 
Bearing or resembling sarments. 
Sar-men-tlf'er-ons. [Sarmen- 
tif'erus; from sarmen'turn, a “sar- 
ment,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
sarments. 
Sar-incn'tous. [Sarmento'sus; 
SAR 
from sarmen’turn, a “ garment.”] The 
same as Sarmentaceoijs. 
Sarraeen iaceae,* s ar- r a- s e - n e - a '• 
she-e. A natural order of exogenous 
herbaceous plants, found in the bogs of 
North America. It includes the Sarra- 
ce'nia (Side-Saddle Flower). 
Sar'sa.* The Pharmacopceial name 
(Br. Ph.) for Jamaica Sarsaparilla, the 
dried root of Smi'lax offieina'lis. 
Sar-CMt-pa-ril'la.* [Spanish, sarra, 
or sar'za, a “brier,” and paril'la, a “lit- 
tle vine.”] The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the root of Srnilax of- 
ficinalis, and other species of Smilax. 
It is an alterative, much employed in 
the treatment of secondary syphilis and 
scrofulous affections. 
Sar-to'rl-us.* [From sar'tor, a 
“tailor.”] Belonging to a tailor. Ap- 
plied to a muscle (the longest of the 
human body), so called because a tailor 
uses it in crossing his legs. It arises 
from the spinous process of the ilium, 
and is inserted into the inner tubercle of 
the head of the tibia. 
Sarx.* [Gr. <rapf, oapicc5j.] Flesh; 
the muscular part of animals. 
Sar'za.* [In Spanish, a “bramble,” 
or “low shrub.”] Sarsaparilla. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the 
root of Smi'lax ofiicina'lis; the Radix 
Sarsaparillx (“Root of Sarsaparilla”) of 
the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
Sas'sa-fras.* The Pharmacopoeial 
name || for the root of Sas'safras officina'le. 
Sassafras tlc-dul'Ia.* (“Pith of 
Sassafras.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the pith of the stems of 
the Sassafras officinale. From this pith 
a bland mucilage is obtained, much used 
as an application to inflamed eyes. 
Sas'safras or Lan'- 
rns Sas'safras.* A tree of the Lin- 
naean class Enneandria, natural order 
Lauracese. It is a native of the United 
States. 
Sas'safras Ra-di'cis Cor'tex.® 
(“Bark of Sassafras Root.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the bark 
of the root of the Sassafras officinale. It 
is reputed stimulant, sudorific, and diu- 
retic. 
Sat'el-lite. [Satel'les, gen. Safel'- 
litis.] A lifeguardsman; an attendant 
or partisan. In Astronomy, a moon or 
secondary planet, which revolves around 
a primary planet. 
Sat'ellite Veins. Veins that ac- 
company arteries, especially those be- 
longing to the brachial artery. 
SAT 
489 SAT 
SCA 
Sa-tel'li-teS,* gen. Sa-tel'lf-tum, 
the plural of Satel'les. See Satellite. 
Sa-tl'e-ty. [Sati'etas; from sa'tis, 
“enough.”] Surfeit; disgust for food, 
from having been cloyed. 
Sat 'in-Spar. A fibrous variety of 
carbonate of lime, presenting a silky 
appearance when polished. 
Sa-ti'vus.® [From se'ro, sa'tum, to 
“sow,” or “nlant.”] Growing in fields 
or gardens; that is, cultivated. Applied 
to various plants. 
Sat'Ji-rate. [From sat'uro, satura'- 
tum, to “cloy,” or “fill.”] To fill a liquid 
with as much salt, or other soluble sub- 
stance, as it is capable of dissolving. 
Sat-u-ra'tion. [Satura'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The act of saturating; 
the state of a solvent which has dis- 
solved as much of a soluble body as it is 
capable of dissolving; or the state of a 
compound in which its elements are 
combined in such proportions that a 
fresh quantity of either cannot be added 
without excess. 
Sat'ur-nliie. [Saturni'ims; from 
Satur'nus, “Saturn;” also, a term for 
lead.] In Chemistry, relating to lead. 
Also, grave or dull, as distinguished 
from mercurial. 
Sa-tur'nus.1 Saturn. An alchemi- 
cal name for lead; as, Sal Saturni (“Salt 
of Lead”). 
Sat-y'-ri'a-sis.* [From a-drvpo;, a 
“satyr.”] Excessive or inordinate sex- 
ual desire in men. A genus of the order 
Dysnrexise, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. The proper treatment for 
this disease consists in a mild cooling 
diet, accompanied by active exercise 
and the use of a cold bath. The term 
satyriasis has also been applied to a 
species of elephantiasis, from its hideous 
appearance. See Elephantiasis Gra:- 
corum. 
Sange, sozh. The French name for 
“sage.” See Salvia. 
Saule, sol. The French name for 
“ willow.” See Salix. 
Sau'rl-an. [Sau'rius; from aavpo-„ 
or aavpa, a “lizard.”] Relating to or re- 
sembling a lizard. Also, an animal of the 
lizard tribe. 
Sau-rog ra-phy. [Saurogra'phta; 
from aa'ipoa “lizard,” and ypatjxo, to 
“write.”] A description of the saurian 
reptiles. 
Sau'roid. [Sauroi'tles; from <raiipo;, 
a “lizard,” and eido;, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a lizard. 
Sau-rol'o-gj’. [Saurolo'gia; from 
oavpoy, a “lizard,” and Xoyoy, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise upon saurian rep- 
tiles; or the science of saurian reptiles. 
S:m-ro|»li a-gous. [Saurupli 'a- 
g;us; from oavf.os, a “lizard,” and ipdyoj, 
to “eat.”] Eating lizards and other 
reptiles. Applied to birds. 
Sanruraeese,® sau-ru-ra'she-e. 
[From Sauru'ras, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, natives of the marshes of China, 
India, and North America. 
Sauvajjesiaceay* so-vazh-e-a'she-e. 
[From Sauvage'sia, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
plants (herbs or shrubs), found in South 
America and the West Indies. 
Sa-vati'na, or Sa-van'nah. A low, 
open, or grassy plain; a prairie. Ap- 
plied especially to the vast plains of the 
valley of the Mississippi. 
Sav'in. The Juniperus sabina. 
Savon, sd'vbxo'. The French name for 
“soap.” See Sapo. 
Saw. The Scotch popular term for 
any salve, or ointment. See Unguentum. 
Saw-Toothed. The same as Ser- 
rate, which see. 
Sax'a-tlle. [Saxat'llis; from sax'um, 
a “rock.”] Living or growing in rocky 
places. Applied to plants. 
Saxifrag'acese,* sax-e-fra-ga'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, natives of the mountainous re- 
gions of Europe and the northern parts 
of the world. It includes Saxifraga. 
The whole order is more or less astringent. 
Sax-if'ra-ga;,* the plural of Sax- 
if'raga, forming the Jussieuan name of 
a natural order of plants. See Saxi- 
fragacea:. 
Sax'o-aiy Blue. An intensely deep 
blue, produced by a solution of indigo in 
concentrated sulphuric acid. 
Seah. [Crus'ta,] A crust-like sub- 
stance formed on superficial ulcerations 
by the concretion of the fluid matter 
discharged from them. Also, the same 
as Scabies. 
Sca'bi-eS.* [From scn'bo, to 
“scratch.”] The itch; otherwise termed 
Psora. Also, a scab. 
Sca'brid. The same as Scabrous. 
Seab-ri-flo'rus.* [From sca'ber, 
“ rough,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
calyces rough with hairs. 
Scab-ri-foTI-us.* [From sca’ber, 
“rough,” “scabby,” and fo'lium, a 
“leaf.”] Having rough leaves. 
Sca'brous, or Sca'brate. [Sca'ber; 
from sca'bo, to “scratch.”] Rough; 
490 rugged; rough to the touch. Applied to 
leaves, etc. 
Sca'la,* plural Sca'la;. A ladder, or 
staircase; a scale of steps; a regular 
gradation. 
Sca'la Tym'pa-ni.* (“Stairway of 
the Tympanum.”) The superior of the 
scalse of the cochlea. 
Sca'la Yes-tib n-li. (“ Stairway of 
the Vestibule.”) The inferior of the 
scalse of the cochlea. 
Sca'lse,* gen. Sca-Ia'ruisi, the plural 
of Scala, which see. 
Sca'la; of the Coch'le-a, or Sca'la; 
Coch'le-a;.* (“Stairways of the Coch- 
lea.”) The two cavities formed by the la- 
mina spiralis or spiral septum of the coch- 
lea. They are severally designated the 
Scala Tympani and Scala Vestibule 
Scsi-lar'I-form. [Scalarifor'mis; 
from sca'la, a “ladder.”] Having the 
form of a ladder. 
Scalar'iform Ducts of Plants. A 
form of vascular tissue, differing from 
dotted ducts only in the form of the 
markings, which are like cross-bars or 
the rounds of a ladder. 
Scald. [From the Italian Scalda're, 
to “heat.”] A lesion of some part occa- 
sioned by the application of a hot fluid. 
Scald'-IIead. A common name for 
Porrigo, or ringworm of the scalp.. 
Scale. [Lat. Sqna'nia; Fr. Ecaille, 
Akal'.] One of the small lamina; which 
cover most fishes, serpents, the wings 
of certain insects, etc. In Botany, any 
thin, scale-like appendage. Applied in 
Pathology to a small, opaque, whitish 
lamina of morbid cuticle, running into 
layers or crusts, which fall off repeatedly 
and are soon reproduced. 
Scale. [From sca'la, a “ladder,” or 
“stair;” hence, something which is re- 
gularly divided.] A line or rule of defi- 
nite length, divided into a given number 
of equal parts, which are sometimes 
termed degrees. 
Scale-Skin. See Ichthyosis. 
Sca-lene'. [Scale'num, neuter of 
Scale'll ns; from tjicdXrjvos, “unequal.”] 
A figure having unequal sides. A triangle 
of which all the sides are unequal. 
Sca-le'nus.* [From the same.] The 
name of two muscles, the anticus and the 
posticus, which bend the head and neck. 
They arise from the transverse processes 
of the vertebrae of the neck, and are in- 
serted into the first and second ribs. 
Sca'ler. An instrument used by den- 
tists for removing the scales of tartar 
from the teeth. 
SCA 
Scalloped, skol'lopt. The same ns 
Crenate,—i.e. marked with even and 
rounded notches on the margin, as some 
leaves. 
Scalp. [Epicra'nium.] The in- 
teguments of the skull. 
Seal'pel. [Scalpel 'liim; from 
scal'po, to “carve,” or “scrape.”] A 
small knife, usually with a straight blade 
fixed firmly in the handle: used in dis- 
secting; also in surgical operations. 
Seal'pcum.* [From scal'po, to 
“scrape.”] A raspatory used in trepan- 
ning. Sometimes applied to the cutting 
edge of the incisor teeth of a mammal. 
See Raspatory. 
Scal'prum lleii-ta'Ie.* [From dens, 
a “tooth.”] A file used by dentists. 
Scaly. See Squamose. 
Seam-ino'nl-a.* The scammony- 
plant. See Convolvulus Scammonia. 
Scam-mo'nl-um.* Scammony. The 
Pbarmacopceial name jj for the concrete 
juice of the root of the ConcoVxulus Scam- 
mo'nia. Scammony is an active cathartic, 
often causing, when taken alone, griping, 
or other unpleasant consequences, to ob- 
viate which it is usually combined with 
other medicines. 
Scammo'niiim Sy-ri'u-eiini.* 
(“ Syrian Scammony.”) A name for the 
gum resin obtained from the root of the 
Convol'vulus Scammo'nia. See Scammo- 
nium. 
Scammony. See Scammonium. 
Scan'dent. [Scan'dens; from 
scan'do, scan'sum, to “climb.”] Climb- 
ing; clinging to contiguous objects for 
support, by tendrils, etc. Applied to 
plants. 
Scan sor. o'r/s.* [From the same.] 
A climber. Applied in the plural (Scan- 
so’res) to an order of birds which have 
the toes arranged in pairs, two before 
and two behind, a conformation of the 
foot which is admirably adapted for 
climbing. 
Scan-so'reS,* the plural of Scansor, 
which see. 
Scan-so'ri-al. A climbing bird. See 
Scansor. 
Scape. [Sea' pus; from aKd-rros, a 
“ stick,” or “ staff;” a “ stalk.”] A flower- 
stalk which arises from the stem at or be- 
neath the surface of the ground, as in the 
primrose, blood-root, etc. 
Sca'pha.* [From ok6.ittw, to “dig.”] 
A skiff, or small boat. The depression 
or cavity of the external ear, otherwise 
called Fus'sa navicula'ris. 
Scaphoid, or skaf'oid. [Scaphoi'- 
SCA 
491 des; from sca'pha, a “skiff,” and clSo;, a 
“form.”] Resembling a little boat; 
navicular. 
Scap-I-flo'rus.* [From sea'pus, a 
“scape,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers upon a scape: scapiflo'rous. 
Scap'l-form. [Scapifor'mis; from 
sea'pus, a “ scape.”] Formed like a 
scape. 
Scap'I-ger,* or Sca-pig'e-rns.* 
[From sea'pus, a “scape,” and (je'ro, to 
“bear.”] Having scape-like stems: sca- 
pigerous. 
Scap'u-la.* (Fr. Omoplate, o'mo'- 
pl§,t'.) The shoulder-blade; abonewhich 
extends from the shoulder-joint towards 
the vertebral column. It is broad, flat, 
and generally triangular, in the mam- 
malia. 
Scap-u-lstl's'i-a.* [From scap'ula, 
and a\yo;, “pain.”] Pain in the scapula. 
Scap'u-lar. [Scaptila'ris.] Of or 
belonging to the scapula, Applied to 
arteries, veins, etc.: scapulary. 
Seap-u-Io-clyn'I-a.* [From scap'ula, 
and dbvvri, “pain.”] Applied to pain or 
rheumatism in the shoulder. 
Soap'u-lo-SIi: ill"-ral. [Scap'nlo- 
Htimera'Iis.] A term sometimes ap- 
plied to the shoulder-joint. 
Scar. (See Cicatrix.) Applied in 
Botany to the Hilum, which see. 
Scarf'-Shin. [Perhaps from the 
Anglo-Saxon Sceorp, “clothing,” or 
“covering.”] The cuticle, or epidermis. 
ScAr-i-f i-cfiT ion. [Scarifica'tio, 
o'nts/ from scarifico, scarified'turn, to 
“lance,” as a sore, to “make little inci- 
sions.”] The operation of making small 
superficial incisions, or punctures, with 
a lancet or scarificator, usually with a 
view to local depletion. 
Scftr-I-fl-ca'tor. [Scarifica'tor, 
o'vis; from the same.] An instrument 
used in the operation of cupping. Also, 
an instrument with a blunt edge, used 
in t >oth-extraction for separating the 
gum from the tooth. 
Sca'ri-ous, or Sca'rl-ose. [Scario'- 
sus.] Thin, dry, and membranaceous. 
Applied to parts of plants. 
Scar-la-ti'na.* [Feminine singular 
of scarlati'nus, fe'bris being understood.] J 
Scarlet fever;-a disease characterized by J 
contagious fever, and a scarlet eruption 
on the skin in patches, ending in three j 
or four days in desquamation of the cu- 
ticle. A genus of the order Exanthemata, 
class Pyrexiss, of Cullen’s Nosology. It 
is often accompanied with great soreness j 
in the fauces and throat, and is then 
SCA 
sometimes termed Scarlati'nn angino'sa 
or paristhmit'ica. See Paristhmitis. 
Scarlatina Ma>lig>'na.* (“ Malig- 
nant Scarlet Fever.”) A species of scar- 
latina, considered to be essentially the 
same with Cynan'che malig'na (putrid 
sore-throat). 
Scarlatina Simplex.® (“Simple 
Scarlet Fever.”) A name sometimes 
applied to a mild form of scarlatina, 
attended with little or no soreness of the 
throat. 
Scar'la-tlne. [Lat. Scarlati'nus; 
from the Italian Scarlat'to, a “deep red.”] 
Of a deep red or scarlet color. 
Scar-la-11-no-i'deA.® [From scarla- 
ti'nus, and eh5oj, a “form.”] Resembling 
scarlatina (febris); of a scarlet color: 
scarlatinoid. 
Scarlet Fever. See Scarlatina. 
Scarred. See Cicatrizatus. 
Seeleton. See Skeleton. 
Ssel-o-tyr'be.* [From aseXo;, the 
“leg,” and rupSn, “commotion,” or “agi- 
tation.”] Literally, “leg-commotion.” 
A form of shaking palsy, usually at- 
tended with a contracted state of the 
limbs. 
Scepaceay® se-pa'she-e. A small nat- 
ural order of exogenous trees, natives of 
tropical India. It includes the Sce'jia. 
SelieeleN (sheelz) Green. A well- 
known pigment consisting of arsenite of 
copper. 
Sclierlievo, skeR-le-&'vo. A disease 
in Illyria and Dalmatia of a syphilitic 
character. 
Sehe-ro'ma.* [From axepog, “dry 
land,” or |ypoj, “dry.”] A dry inflam- 
mation of the eye, owing to a deficiency 
of the lachrymal secretion. 
Schin-dy-le'sis.® [From a\ivix>\tw, 
to .“ split into small pieces.”] A variety 
of synarthrosis, in which one bone is re- 
ceived into a slit in another, as the 
vomer into the sphenoid. 
Schist, shist. [Schis'ta; from nyisw, 
to “cleave.”] A species of rock of a 
fissile structure, such as gneiss. Often 
applied to the varieties of slate. 
Sehis-to-car'pous. [Sell ist wear 
pus; from o\V.to, to “cleave.” and napir6$, 
“fruit.”] Having fissile fruit. Applied 
to a family of mosses. 
Schist'oid. [Schistoi'des; from 
schis'ta, “schist,” and eltog, a “form.”] 
Resembling schist. 
Schis-tor'rha-ehis.* [From axurrd;, 
“cloven,” and frix'?- the “spine.”] In 
Latin, Spi’na Itif'i-da. Literally, 
“cloven spine.” Names for Hydrorrha- 
SCII 
492 sen 
SCL 
cMs, so called from the double channel 
which often exists through a consider- 
able length of the vertebral column, the 
one channel containing the spinal mar- 
row, the other the dropsical fluid.— 
(Good.) 
Scliis'tose, or Schis tous. [Seliis- 
to'sus. j Having the structure of schist. 
Sehizamlracese,* ske-zan-dra'she-e. 
[From Schizan' dra, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, found in India, Japan, and North 
America. 
Sch nei-de' rl-<t n Mem'brane. 
[From Sehnei'der, its describer.] The 
mucous membrane lining the interior of 
the nose and cavities directly connected 
with it. Also termed the Pituitary mem- 
brane. 
S?horl. [From the Swedish Scorl, 
“brittle”?] A brittle mineral, usually 
occurring in black, prismatic crystals. 
It becomes electric by heat and friction. 
[From exacts, a 
“canopy,” a “parasol,” and QvWov, a 
“leaf.”] Having leaves in the form of 
an umbrella or parasol. 
8?i-at'ic. [Sciat icus; from ischi- 
at'icus, “ischiatic.”] Belonging to the 
ischium. See Ischiatic. 
Sciat'ic Jferve, Orcat. [Lat. Xer - 
vus Ischiat'icus Major; Fr. Grand 
Nerf Sciatique, gRONG neRf se'Atik'.] 
The termination of the sacral or sciatic 
plexus. It is the largest of all the nerves, 
and is distributed chiefly to the muscles 
of the thigh. 
Syi-at'l-ca.* [From sciat'icus, “be- 
longing to the ischinm.”\ A rheumatic 
affection of the hip-joint. Also, a neu- 
ralgic affection of the sacro-sciatic nerve. 
See Ischiagra. 
Sci'ence. [Scien'tia; from sci'o, to 
“know.”] Knowledge; learning; skill. 
The knowledge of many persons method- 
ically digested and arranged so as to be- 
come attainable by one. The knowledge 
of reasons and their conclusions consti- 
tute abstract, that of causes and effects and 
of the laws of nature, natural, science. 
Sharia.,* gen. [Perhaps 
from o-ksAXm, to “ dry.”] Squill. A Lin- 
nasan genus of the class Hexandria, 
natural order Liliacese. Also, the Phar- 
macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) of the bulb of 
Scilla (or Squilla) maritima, but accord- 
ing to the British Pharmacopoeia, of the 
Urgin'ea scil'ln. 
Scil la Ma-rit'i-ma.* The squill, 
or sea-onion. 
Scil'lie Ma-rit'i-mae Bul'hus.* 
(“Bulb of the Scilla Maritima.”) See 
SCILLA. 
Soil'll-tin. [Scilliti'na; from scil'la, 
“ squill.”] The active principle of the 
squill. 
Scimitar-Shaped. See Acinaci 
FORM. 
Sein-til-la'tion. [Scintilla tio, 
o’ms; from scintxVlo, scintilla'turn, to 
“sparkle.”] A sparkling, as of fire. 
Applied to the twinkling or tremulous 
motion of the fixed stars, which appear 
as if the rays of light coming from them 
were not continuous, but produced by 
particles succeeding each other at inter- 
vals by a vibratory movement. 
S$i'on. A young branch or shoot of 
a tree, especially one used for grafting. 
Sclr-rho-gas'tri-a.* [From tnciffa, 
“scirrhus,” and yaarfip, the “stomach.”] 
Scirrhus, or incipient cancer, of the sto- 
mach. 
Scir'rhoid. [Scirrhoi'des; from 
cKtppo;, a “hard tumor,” and clios, “re- 
semblance.”] The same as Keloide, 
which see. 
Scir-rho'ma, atis* [From cKxfpow, 
to “harden.”] The same as Scirrhus. 
Selr-rlao-sar'ea.® [From scxr’rhus, 
and o<5pf, “flesh.”] The Scleriasis neona- 
torum, or scirrhous hardening in the flesh 
of new-born infants. See Scleroma. 
Scirrhous. [Seirrlto'sns; from 
8cir'rhu8.\ Of the nature of scirrhus, or 
pertaining to scirrhus. 
Scirrhus.® [Gr. asippo;-, Fr. Squirrhe, 
or Squirre, sk&R.] A hard, indolent tu- 
mor, mostly affecting a glandular part, 
hut occasionally occurring in other tis- 
sues. It generally precedes cancer in the 
ulcerated state. A genus of the order 
Tumores, class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy. _ 
A synonym for 
Zingiberacea:, which see. 
or 8$i'u-rine&. [From 
sciu'rus, a “squirrel.”] A family of Ro- 
dents, of which the genus Sciurus is the 
type. They are distinguished by their 
very narrow lower incisors, and by their 
long bushy tail. 
[From the same.] In 
Botany, like a squirrel’s tail. 
Neleranthaceae,® skle-ran-tha'she-e. 
[From Scleran'thus, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
plants, found in Europe, Asia, and North 
America. They are all weeds. 
Scle-re'ma, a tis.* [From o-x-Xrjpdf, 
“hard,” and cede'ma, a “dropsical swell- 
ing.”] A hard or indurated oedema. 
493 SCL 
SCO 
Scle-rcm'a-tons. Belonging to scle- 
rema; of the nature of sclerema. 
[From <wcX>/- 
pi5;, “ hard,” and cyxi-paXoj, the “ brain.”] 
Induration of the substance of the brain. 
Sele-ri'a-sis.* [From <r/fX>jp<k,“ hard.”] 
An induration, or hard tumor; ascirrhus. 
S«liir'o-g,ej». [From <wcXr/pdf, “ hard,” 
and ytvix), to “be born,” to “be pro- 
duced.”] The same as Ligxixe, which 
sec. 
Sele-rog'e-nus.* [From cxXripn;, 
‘•hard,” and ysrrato, to “produce.”] Mak- 
ing hard; hardening or thickening. 
Scte-ro'ma, at/s.* [From oxXripko, to 
“harden.”] Properly, a hard tumor. Ap- 
plied to an induration of the cellular 
tissue, arteries, integuments, Ac. 
Sel&r-o-me'ninx.* [From axXppos, 
“hard,” and pnviy\, a “membrane.”] 
Literally, the “ hard or tough membrane.” 
A name for the Dura Mater, which see. 
.ScIer-opli-tlialTnl-a.* [From 
ax\npos, “hard,” and dpOaXyog, an “eye.”] 
Protrusion of the eyeball. Inflammation 
of the eye, attended with hardness. 
Scl€r-o-phylTus.* [From axXnpA;, 
“hard,” and </*iXXor, a “leaf.”] Having 
rigid or stiff leaves. 
Scl6r'o-pus.* [From axXppA;, “hard,” 
and ttov;, a “foot.”] Having the foot or 
stipes very hard. 
Scl6r-o-sar-co'ma, a ti*.* [From 
oxXppog, “hard,” and oapxwpa, a “fleshy 
tumor.”] A hard, fleshy excrescence. 
Scle-ro'sis.* The progress of scle- 
roma. Virchow defines the term to be 
“ thickening with condensation.” 
Seie-ro'tal. [Sclerota'lis; from 
o-vXipdf, “hard.”] Applied by Owen to 
the cartilaginous or osseous parts of the 
sclerotic coat of the eye. 
Scle-rot'ic. [Sclcrot'icns; from 
axXnpoo), to “harden.”] Hard; tough. 
Sclerot'ic Coat. [Tu'nica Scle- 
rot'ica.] The same as Sclerotica, 
which see. 
Scle-rot'I-ca.* [From sclerot'icus, 
“hard.”] The hard, dense, fibrous mem- 
brane of the eye, which with the cornea 
forms the external coat or tunic of that 
organ; sometimes called the white of the 
eye. 
S«Ie-r«'tis.f A name for the Scle- 
rotica, which see. 
Sele-ro-ti'tis, idie.* [From scle- 
ro'tia.\ Inflammation of the sclerotic 
coat of the eye. 
Sco-bic'u-lstr. [Scobicula’ris; 
from scobs, sco'bis, “ sawdust.”] The 
same as Scobiform. 
Scob'i-form. [Scobifor'mis: from 
the same.] Applied to seeds that are 
fine as sawdust. 
Scobs,* gen. Sco'bis. Any powder 
or dust produced by sawing, filing, Ac. 
Also, the scoria of any metal. 
Scol'e-coirt. [Scolccoi'des; from 
ow-oXijf, a “worm,” and ciios, a “form.”] 
Resembling a worm; vermiform. 
Scol-e-col'o-gy. [Scolccolo'gia ? 
from <TK.u\rj£, a “worm,” and Xdyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise upon worms; the 
science of worms. 
Sco-li-o'ma, [Gr. cxoXiaipa • 
from <tko\io(o, to “crook,” to “bend.”] 
A bend or curve. Applied to a morbid 
curvature of the spine. 
Sco-ls-o'sis.* [Gr. oxoXtowis; from 
the same.] A distortion of the spine. 
The progress or formation of scolioma. 
Seo-ll-ot'ic. [Scoliot'icus.] Be- 
longing to scoliosis. 
Scolloped. See Crexate, and 
Scalloped. 
Sco-pa'rl-um.® The Pharmacopoeial 
name (Ed. and Dub. Ph.) for the tops of 
Cytisus scopariu8. See next article. 
Sco-pa'rl-us.*' [From sco'pir, a 
“broom.”] Broom. The Pharmaco- 
poeia! name || for the fresh tops of the 
Cyti8U8 seoparius, otherwise termed the 
Spartium scoparium, and Sarotham1mus 
8copa'rius. Broom is diuretic and 
cathartic, and has often proved useful as 
a remedy in dropsy. 
Scor'a-mJs.* [From o*e3p, “ ordure.”] 
A night-stool, or night-chair. 
Ncor-butic. [Scorbuticus.] Re- 
lating to scorbutus, or scurvy, or affected 
with scurvy. 
Scor-bu'tus.* The scurvy, a disease 
characterized by heaviness, dejection of 
spirits, bloated countenance, livid spots 
on the skin, offensive breath, spongy 
gums, with occasional haemorrhage from 
the mouth and nostrils, swelling of the 
legs, etc. A genus of the order Jmpeti- 
yines, class Cachexia; of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy ; also termed Porphyra. 
Sco'ci-a,* plural Sco'rl-ae. [From 
aKwp, “excrement.”] Properly, the dross 
of melted metals. Usually applied to 
volcanic cinders. 
Nco-ri-iVceous. [Scoria'cens.] Re- 
lating to, or like, scoria. 
Scoriae. See Scoria. 
Sco'rl-form. [Scorifor'inis; from 
sco'ria.] Having the character or ap- 
pearance of scorim. 
Scor'pl-oid. [Scorpio!'den: from 
iTKopnioa “scorpion,” and ello;, a “form.”] 
494 SCO 
scu 
Resembling a scorpion; coiled round like 
a scorpion, as the branches of the cyme 
of the Heliotrope. 
Sco-tas'ma, nt is.* [From to 
“darken.”] Dimness of sight. 
Scotcli-Fid'die. A vulg ar term for 
scabies. 
Sco-to'ma,* plural Sco-to'ma-ta. 
[From uKorui, “darkness.”] Darkness 
before the eyes; obscurity of vision; an 
affection symptomatic of various dis- 
eases. 
Scott’s A$'id Hath. A bath of 
diluted aqua regia, employed by Dr. Scott 
as a remedy for jaundice. The aqua 
regia should be compounded of three 
parts in measure of muriatic acid, and 
two of nitric acid; and in preparing 
them for use, a pint of the combined acid 
is to be mixed with a pint of water. The 
acid bath is to consist of three ounces 
of this diluted acid to every gallon of 
water. 
Scro-blc'u-latc. [Scrobicula'tus; 
from scrobic’nlus, a “ditch,” or “cavity.”] 
Pitted; marked with pits or cavities. 
Scro-bie-u-lo'sus.* [From the same.] 
Synonymous with Scrobiculate. 
Scro-bic'u-lus.® [Diminutive of 
scrobs, a “ditch.”] A little ditch; a pit 
or hollow. 
Scrobic'ulus Cor'dis.* (Literally, 
the “ Pit of the Heart.”) The hollow 
part near the region of the heart; the pit 
of the stomach. 
Scrof'ii-lsi,® written also Scroph'u- 
la.* [From scro'fa, a “sow;” because 
swine are, it is said, sometimes affected 
with a similar disease.] (Fr. Scrofules, 
sknoTul', and Ecrouelles, AkRoo'ell'.) 
The king’s evil. A disease characterized 
chiefly by chronic swelling of absorbent 
glands, particularly of the neck, behind 
the ears, and under the chin, tending 
slowly to imperfect suppuration. A ge- 
nus of the order Impetirjines, class Ca- 
chexies, of Cullen’s Nosology; also termed 
Struma. 
Scrof-u-lo'sis.* The morbid condi- 
tion or progress of scrofula. 
Scrof'u-lous. [Ncrofnlo'sns.] 
Having scrofula; of the nature of scrof- 
ula. 
Scroph'u-la.* The same as Scrof- 
ula, which see. 
Scroph-u-la'ri-a No-do'sa.® The 
systematic name of the figwort, a plant 
of the natural order Scrophulariacesc. 
Scropliu I a riaceay® skrof-u-la-re- 
a'she-e. [From Scrophula'ria, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
plants (herbs or shrubs), found in all 
parts of the world, except the coldest. 
They are allied to Solanaceee, and are 
generally acrid and bitterish. Some of 
them are poisonous. It includes the 
Diyita'lis (Foxglove) and Calceola'ria. 
Scroph-n-la'ri-se,* the plural of 
Scrophula'rici, forming the Jussieuan 
name of an order of plants. See Scrorii- 
ULARIACEA]. 
Scroph-u-lo'sis.* The same as 
ScROFULOSIS. 
Sero'tal. [Scrota'lis.] Relating to 
the scrotum. 
Sero'tal SEer'm-a. [IBer'nia 
Scrota'lis, or Uer'nia Scro'ti.] The 
protrusion of a part or parts of the vis- 
cera, into the scrotum; termed also Os- 
cheocele, and Scrotocele. 
Sero'ti-tbrin. [ Scrotifor'mis; 
from scro'tum, a “bag,” or “pouch.”] 
Pouch-shaped. 
[From scro'tum, and 
KfjXri, a “ tumor.”] The same as Scrotal 
Hernia, which see. 
Scro'tum,* gen. Scro'ti. (Literally, 
a “ bag,” or “ pouch.”) The common 
integuments which enclose the testicles 
as in a bag, or pouch. 
Scruple. [Scru'pulus; diminu- 
tive of sera'pus, a “little stone.”] A 
weight of twenty grains. See Gramma. 
Scurf. [Fur'fur, urj«.] Small ex- 
foliations of the cuticle, or branlike 
scales which occur on the scalp or skin, 
after some cutaneous eruptions; dandriff. 
In Botany, applied to minute or branlike 
scales on the epidermis. 
Scurvy. See Scorbutus. 
Scu'tate. [Scuta'tus; from scu'tum, 
a “shield.”] Shield-shaped. Applied 
in Zoology to a surface protected by large 
scales. 
Scu-tcl'la,*or Scu-tel'lum.* [Dimi- 
nutive of scu'tum, a “shield”?] Lite- 
rally, a “platter.” Applied to a species 
of fructification, orbicular, concave, and 
raised at the margin, as in some lichens. 
Also, a small triangular piece on the back 
of the mesothorax, between the elytra, or 
the wings of insects. 
Scu-tel'lse,* the plural of Scutella, 
which see. 
Scu-tel-la'rl-a.* Scullcap. ThePhar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
of the ‘Scutella'ria lateriflo'ra. It is 
reputed an efficacious nervine. 
Scu'tel-late. [Scutella'tns; from 
scute/'/a, “a platter.”] Applied to a 
lichen that is covered with scutellse. Hav- 
ing conceptacles formed like scutellse. 
495 Soil-tol'li-for in. [Soil t cl li for'in is; 
from seuteVla, a “platter.”] Formed like 
a platter. 
Seu-tel-Io-i'<lcs.® [From seuteVla, 
a “platter,” and eldo;, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a scutella. 
Scu-tl-braii-chl-a'tus.* [From scu'- 
tum, a “shield,” and branch or.] Applied 
in the plural neuter (Scutobranchia'ta) 
to an order of Gasterop'oda, in which the 
shell covers the animal, and particularly 
the branchix, like a shield. 
Scu'tl-form. [Scutilor'mis; from 
acu'tnm, a “shield.”] Resembling a 
shield in form. 
Scu'ti-ped. [Scu'tspes, p'ecK*; from 
scu'tum, a “ shield,” and pcs, a “ foot.”] 
Literally, “shield-footed.” Applied to a 
family of birds having the forepart of 
the iegs covered with segments of un- 
equal horny rings, ending on each side in 
a groove. 
Scu’toid. [Seutoi'iles; from scu'- 
tum, a “shield.”] Resembling a shield; 
scutiform. 
NC.yb'a-lum,® plural S^yb'a-la. 
[From aKvSa\or, “ordure.”] Dry, hard 
excrement that has formed into little 
rounded balls like sheep’s dung, or some- 
what larger. 
Syy'plu-forin. [Soy phi for’in is; 
from aicv;poj, a “cup.”] Formed like a 
cup or goblet. 
Soy-pho-i'deS.* [From a 
“cup,” and cidoj, a “form.”] Resembling 
a cup: scy'phoid. 
Scytoblasta. See Scytoblastema. 
Syy-to-blas-te'ma, atis.* [From 
okvto;, a “ skin,” and 0\acrnfui, a 
“growth.”] The organic growth or de- 
velopment of the skin ; also of the exan- 
themata. 
The progress 
of scytoblastema. 
Se I)e-feii-ilen'«lo.* (“In Defend- 
ing Oneself.”) Applied in Medical Juris- 
prudence to a species of excusable 
homicide, the consequence of a lawful 
act done in self-preservation. 
Seam. See Suture. 
Sea-On'ion. The Scil'la marit'ima, 
or squill. 
Search's sag. The operation of intro- 
ducing a metallic instrument through 
the urethra into the bladder, to ascertain 
the presence of a calculus. 
Sea-Salt. The chloride of sodium, 
obtained from sea-water. See Sodii 
Chloridum, 
Sea-Sich'ness. [Nau sea JIari'na.] 
A distressing kind of sickness, accom- 
SCU 
panied with vomiting, generally expe- 
rienced at sea by those who are as yet 
unused to the motion of the vessel. 
After one has become somewhat accus- 
tomed to a sea-life, it usually abates, or 
ceases altogether; but there are those 
who, though almost constantly at sea, 
are always liable to a return of this 
affection whenever the water is unusu- 
ally agitated. 
Se-bii'ceous. [Seba'ceus; from 
se'bum, or se’vum, “suet.”] (Fr. Sebace, 
sAb&’ssF.) Fatty; suety. Applied to 
glands which secrete an oily matter re- 
sembling suet. 
from se'bum, 
“ suet,” or “ tallow.”] Applied to an acid 
obtained from suet and other oils. 
Se'bate. [Se'bas, a'fra.] A combi- 
nation of sebacic acid with a base. 
Se-bif'er-ous. [Sebif'erus; from 
se'bum, “suet,” or “tallow,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing or producing fat or 
oil. Applied to certain plants. 
Se-bip'a-rous. [Sebip'arus; from 
se'bum, “tallow,” and pa'rio, to “pro- 
duce,” or “ bear.”] Producing, forming, 
or secreting fat or oil. 
Sebum. See Sevum. 
Se-ca'Ie.* [From se'co, to “cut.”] 
(Fr. Settle, segl or sAgl.) Rye. A Lin- 
naean genus of the class Triandria, natu- 
ral order Graminacex. 
Seca'Ie Ce-re-a'le.* The systematic 
name of common rye. 
Seca'Ie ('or-mi'tuni.* (“ Horned, or 
Spurred, Rye.”) The ergot of rye; a 
diseased growth, or excrescence, on the 
Secale cereale, black, and curved like the 
spur of a fowl. See Ergota. 
Sec'a-Iin. [Secali'na.] The gluten 
of the Secale cereale. 
See-a-Ii'nus.* Belonging to the 
Secale cereale, or to the Secale cornutum. 
Se'cant. [Se'eams; from se'co, to 
“cut.”] “Cutting.” Applied to a right 
line drawn from the centre of a circle to 
one extremity of an arc, and produced 
until it meets the tangent to the other 
extremity. 
Se-cer'ment. [Secer'items, or Se- 
creto'risss; from secer'no, to “ separate,” 
or “secrete.”] (Fr. S(cretoire, Sct'kuA- 
twaRh) Literally, “separating,” and, 
hence, “secreting.” Applied to those ves- 
sels whose function is to separate mate- 
rials from the blood, either for the repro- 
duction of the several parts of the body, 
or for the purpose of throwing off effete 
matter from the system. 
Sec'oiul In-tention. Healing or 
SEC 
496 closing of wounds by the second inten- 
tion means a cure by the processes of sup- 
puration, granulation, and cicatrization. 
See First Intention. 
Second Pair (of Nerves). See Op- 
tic Nerve. 
Sec'on-da-ry. [From secun’dus, 
“second,” “inferior.”] Second in order 
of time or place; inferior in importance, 
subordinate: hence, supervening, as, se- 
condary symptoms of a disease; those 
which supervene on the primary. 
Sec'ondary. Applied to a quill at- 
tached to the forearm, or second portion 
of the wings, of birds. 
Sec'ondary Fe'ver. The febrile 
condition ensuing after a crisis, or after 
the discharge of some morbid matter. 
Sec'ondary Bocks or Stra ta. A 
series of stratified rocks, between the 
primary and lowest tertiary strata. 
Secondary Syphilis. See Syphilis. 
Se-cre'ta.* [Plural of secre'tum, any 
thing secreted.] The secretions, as milk, 
saliva, bile, etc. See Secretion. 
Se-cre'tion. [Secre'tio, o'nis; from 
secer'no, secre'tum, to “ separate,” or 
“secrete.”] A natural function of the 
body, by which various fluids or sub- 
stances are separated from the blood, 
differing in different organs according 
to their peculiar function : thus, the liver 
secretes the bile, the salivary glands the 
saliva, the kidneys the urine, etc. The 
term secretion is also applied to the thing 
secreted from the blood of an animal or 
the sap of a plant. 
Sticrtftoire. See Secernent. 
Se-cre'to-ry, or Se'cre-to-ry. 
[Secret©* rius.] The same as Secer- 
nent, which see. 
Sec'tile. [Sec/tilis; from se'co, sec’- 
tum, to “cut.”] Capable of being cut. 
Sec'tio (sek'she-o) 
(“ Cutting of a Dead Body.”) The dis- 
section of a dead body: usually ap- 
plied to an autopsy, or post-mortem ex- 
amination. 
Sectio Caesarea. See C.f.sarean 
Section. 
Sec'tio Yy in-plia'runi.* (“ Cutting 
of the Nymphue.”) See Nymphotomy. 
Sec'tion. [Sec'tio, o'nis; from se'co, 
sec'turn, to “cut.”] A cutting; dissec- 
tion. A line made by the intersection of 
two planes; also, the surface formed 
when a solid body is cut by a plane. 
Se'cuiid. [From se’quor, to “follow 
because one part seems to follow the 
course or example of the other.] Hav- 
ing all the parts turned to the same 
SEC 
side of the axis. Applied to certain 
flowers, or other organs of plants. 
Sec'un-dine, or Se-cun'dine. [Sc- 
cnn'dina; from sectm'dus, “second.”] 
The second or inner coat of the ovule of a 
plant. Applied in the plural to the after- 
birth, because expelled after the foetus. 
Secundines. See Secundine. 
Se-cun'dum.* [From se'quor, to 
“follow.”] A Latin term signifying 
“ following,” or “ according to.” 
Se-cim'dnm Ar'tem.* (“Accord- 
ing to Art.”) That is, “according to the 
most approved method.” 
Se-cu-rif'er-us.* [From secu'ris, 
an “axe,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Ap- 
plied to certain insects provided with an 
instrument for cutting or preparing a 
place in which to deposit their eggs. 
Also, the same as Securioerous. 
Se-cu'ri-form. [Securifor'mis; 
from secu'ris, an “axe.”] Shaped like 
an axe. 
Se-cu-rig'er-ons. [Securig'erus; 
from secu'ris, an “axe,” and ge'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing an axe, or what re- 
sembles an axe or hatchet. Applied to 
certain plants. 
Sed,= Se'des.*! “A stool.” 
Sedantia. See Sedatives. 
Se-dii'tion. [Seda'tio, o'nis; from 
se'do, seda'turn, to “ allay.”] The act of 
calming; the action of a sedative. 
Sedii-live. [Sedati'vus; from the 
same.] Allaying irritability orexcitement. 
Sed'a-tives. [Sedati'va, and Se- 
dan'tia.] Medicines which by their 
immediate influence diminish vital action. 
Some, being more especially directed to 
the circulatory system, are termed arterial 
sedatives; while others, exerting a direct 
influence on the nervous system, are called 
nervous sedatives. 
Sed-en-ta'r«-a Os'sa.* (“Sedentary 
Bones.”) Applied to the bones on which 
we sit, the Os iscliii and Os coccygis. 
Sed'en-ta-ry. [Sedenta'rius; from 
se'deo, to “sit.”] Sitting habitually ; re- 
quiring a sitting posture. 
Sedes. See Stool. 
Sed'i-ment. [Sedlmen'tnm; from 
se'deo, to “remain,” or “settle.”] The 
particles in liquids which by their weight 
fall to the bottom. 
Scd-i-men'ta-ry. [From the same.] 
Relating to, or formed by, sediment. 
Applied to stratified rocks formed of 
materials deposited from a state of sus- 
pension in water,—i.e. to all rocks except 
those of igneous origin. 
Sed'litz I’uu der. A compound of 
SED 
497 Rochelle salt, carbonate of soda, and tar- 
taric acid, which, dissolved in water, 
forms an effervescing aperient liquid in 
imitation of Sedlitz water. See Pul- 
veres Effervescentes Aperientes. 
Se'dam A'cre.* (“Acrid Sedum.”) 
The systematic name of the small house- 
leek, a plant of the Linnman class l)e- 
candria, natural order U/assulacete. It 
is emetic and cathartic. 
Seed. [Lat.Se'men; 0r.mrippa; Fr. 
Semence, s§h-moNSs'.] The seed of a plant 
is a body produced by the agency of a 
flower, containing a ready-formed plant- 
let or germ, called the embryo. The seed, 
like the ovule, of which it is the fertil- 
ized and matured state, consists of a 
nucleus, or kernel, usually enclosed in 
two integuments, viz.: the Testa (or 
Episperin), and the Tegmen, which see. 
See also Semen. 
Seed-Bud. See Germen, and Germ. 
Seed-Coat. See Aril. 
Seed-I>own. See Pappus. 
Seed-C.o5»e. See Cotyledon. 
Seed-Vessel. See Pericarp. 
Seeing;. See Vision. 
Seg'ment. [Seg'men'tnm; from 
se'co, to “cut.”] A section : a part cut 
out of something; one of the divisions 
or lobes of a leaf or other organ of a 
plant. The segment of a circle is the 
part of its area comprised between a 
chord and the arc which it subtends. 
Seg're-gat-ed, orSeg're-gate. [Seg- 
grega'tus; from sey'rego, segretja'tum, 
to “separate from the flock.”] Sepa- 
rated ; insulated. 
Seidlitz Powder. See Sedlitz 
Powder. 
Seigle. See Secale. 
Seignette’s (s&n-yetts') Salt. The 
same as Rochelle salt, which was disco- 
vered by Seignctte, of Rochelle. 
Sel. The French word for Salt, 
which see. 
Selaginaceav*' se-laj-e-na'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, found 
in Europe and at the Cape of Good 
Hope. It includes the Sela’go. 
Se-le'111-ate. [Sele'nlas, a'i'/.s.] A 
combination of selenic acid with a base. 
Se-len'ic. [Selen'icus.] Belong- 
ing to selenium. Applied to an acid 
obtained from it. 
Sel-e-nif'er-ous. [Selenif 'eras; 
from sele'nium, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Containing selenium. 
Se-le'ni-ous. [Selenio'sus.] Ap- 
plied to an acid, the second degree of 
oxidation of selenium. 
SED 
SEM 
Sc-lo'nite. [Sele'nls, i'th.] A com- 
bination of selenious acid with a base. 
Sel'e-nite. [Seleni'tos; from acX'ivri, 
the “ moon,” and Aiftjj, a “stone:” named 
on account of its silvery lustre.] A spe- 
cies of La'pis specula'ris, or transparent 
sulphate of lime. 
Sel-o-nit'ic. [Selenit'icus.] Ap- 
plied to waters which hold in solution 
selenite, or sulphate of lime. 
Se-le'nl-um.* [From ee\fjsr), the 
“moon.” See Tellurium.] A non-me- 
tallie elementary body which resembles 
sulphur in chemical properties. It is 
brittle, opaque, tasteless, insoluble in 
water and unaltered by air. 
Seleniuret, se-len'yu-ret. [Selem- 
nre’tnin.] A compound of selenium 
with a simple body. 
Scl-e-neg’ra-iiliy. [Selcuogra'- 
pliia; from ae\i)ur), the “moon,” and 
ypaipo, to “write.”] A description of the 
surface of the moon. 
Sel-e-no-to-i>ng'ra-])hy. [Seleno- 
topogra'pliia; from the “ moon,” 
to7to;, a “place,” and ypa<pi>), to “write.”] 
A description of the places on the surface 
of the moon. See Topography. 
Se-li'bra,® or Sem-i-li'bra.* [From 
se'mis, “half,” and li'bra, a “pound.”] 
Half a pound. 
Sella Tur'$i-ca.* (Fr. Selle Tur- 
cique, sell tiir'sek'.) (“Turkish Saddle.”) 
The small depression within the four 
clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone, 
on which the pituitary gland rests. 
Spin. = Se'men,* “ seed,” or Sem'ina,* 
“ seeds.” 
Se-mei-og' ra-pby. [Seineiogra'- 
pbia; from a “ sign,” or “ symp- 
tom,” and ypa<pw, to “write.”] A descrip- 
tion of the signs of disease. 
Se-mei-ol'o-gy. [Semeiolo'gia: 
from arifusion, a “ sign,” or “symptom,” and 
A<>yos, a “discourse.”] That branch of 
Medicine which treats of the signs or 
symptoms of disease; symptomatology; 
symbology. 
Se-mel-o'sis.* [From ariptiiu, to 
“mark.”] Applied to the observation of 
the signs or symptoms of disease. 
Se-mei-ot'ie. [Semciot'icus; from 
seme lot’ice.Belonging to the signs or 
symptoms of diseases. 
Se-mei-ot'ies. [Semeiot'ica, or 
Semeiot'ice; from 017/1S10&), to “ mark 
with a sign.”] That branch of Medicine 
which treats of the signs or symptoms 
of diseases. See Semeiosis. 
Se'men,*' plural Sem’i-na. [From 
sc'ro, se'vi, to “ sow.”] (Fr. Semence, 
498 SEM 
SEN 
seh moNss'.) The seed of a plant. (See 
Seed.) Also, the seminal liquor secreted 
in the testicles of animals. See Sperma- 
tozoon. 
Se'men Con'tra.* An abbreviation 
of Semen contra Vermes, which see. 
Se'men con'tra Ver'mes.* (“ Seed 
against Worms.”) A mixture often kept 
in the shops on the European Continent, 
as a vermifuge. It consists of the unex- 
panded flowers of different species of Ar- 
temisia, mixed occasionally with the seeds. 
Se'men Sanc'tum.* (“ Holy Seed 
so named on account of its supposed 
virtues.) The seed of Artemisia santoni-ca. 
Semen, Slow Emission of. See 
Brad vspermatismus. 
Sentence. See Seed, and Semen. 
Sem'i-. [From se'mis, “ half.”] A 
prefix denoting half. 
Sem-I-eir'cu-iar Ca-nAls'. Three 
canals, of a form indicated by their name, 
in the petrous portion of the temporal 
bone, and opening into the vestibulum. 
Sem-i-cor'«late. [From se'mis, 
“half,” and cor, cor'die, a “heart.”] 
Half heart-shaped (divided lengthwise). 
Sem-I-cu'pi-um.* [From se'mis, and 
cu'bo, to “lie down.”] A half-bath, or 
hip-bath. 
Semidr. == Semidrach'ma.* “ Half a 
drachm.” 
Sem-i-flos'cu-lar. [From se'mis, 
“ half,” and flos, a “ flower.”] Applied to 
ahead of flowers whose petals are ligulate. 
Semili. = Semiho'ra.* “ Half an 
hour.” 
Sem-l-ln'nar. [Semilunaris;from 
se'mis, a “half,” and lu'na, the “moon.”] 
Kesembling a half-moon, or crescent. 
Semilu'nar £>an'gii-a. The gan- 
glia formed on the sympathetic nerve as 
it enters the abdomen, from which nerves 
are distributed to the viscera; the ab- 
dominal ganglia. 
Semilu'nar Valves. [Val'vulse 
Semiluna'res.] The three valves at 
the commencement of the aorta; also 
applied to the same number at the be- 
ginning of the pulmonary artery. 
Sem-i-lu'nate. The same as Semi- 
lunar, which see. 
Sem-i-mem-S»ra-no'sus.* [From 
sem’is, a “ half,” and membra'na, a “ mem- 
brane.”] (“Half-membranous [Muscle].”) 
A muscle arising from the tuber ischii 
and inserted into the head of the tibia 
and into the lower part of the femur. 
It bends the leg. 
Sem'i-na,* gen. Sem'i-num, the 
plural of Semen, a “seed.” 
Sena'I-nal. [Semina'Iis; from se'- 
men, a “seed.”] Belonging to seed, or 
the semen; relating to seed. 
Seminal Air. See Aura Semisalts. 
Sem-i-na'tion. [Semina'tio. o'nis: 
from se'men, a “seed,” or the “semen.”] 
Literally, the “ act of sowing seed.” The 
natural dispersion of seeds; also, the im- 
mission of the semen in uierum. 
Sem-I-nif'cr-ous. [Seminit'erus; 
from se'men, “ seed,” andfe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing seeds; also, conveying the semi- 
nal fluid. 
Se-mini-lor m. [SeniiniforTnis ; 
from se'men, “ seed.”] Having the ap- 
pearance of seed. 
Se-miii u-hi. or Se-min'u-lnm.* 
[Diminutive of se'men, “ seed.”] Often 
applied to the reproductive corpuscles of 
cryptogam ous plants. 
Sem-i-or-bic'u-lar. [From sem'i, 
“half,” and or'bis, an “orb,” or “cir- 
cle.”] Half-round; semicircular. 
Sem-I-o'vate. [From sem'i, “half,” 
and ova'tux, “ovate.”] Like the half of 
an ovate figure divided longitudinally. 
Se'mis,* or Se-mis'sis.* The half 
of any thing. See SS. 
Sem-i-sop't»te. [From se'mis, a 
“half,” and sep'tnm, a “partition.”] In 
Botany, having a partition reaching 
partly across. 
Sem-i-Spi-na'le&.® [From se'mis, 
“half,” and spi'na, a “spinous process;” 
because they are attached half to the 
spinous and half to the transverse pro- 
cesses.] Two muscles connected with the 
transverse and spinous processes of the 
vertebral, and termed respectively semi- 
spina'lis col’li, and semispina’lis clor'si. 
Semissis. See Semis. 
Sem-I-ten-di-no'sus.* (“ Semiten- 
dinous [Muscle].”) The name of a mus- 
cle arising from the tuber ischii and in- 
serted into the anterior tuberosity of the 
tibia. It bends the leg. 
Sem'I-te-retc. [From sem'i, “half,” 
and te'res, “long and round.”] Half 
cylindrical. Applied to plants. 
Sem-per-vl'rent. [From sem'per, 
“ always,” and vi'rens, the present parti- 
ciple of vi'reo, to “be green.”] Ever- 
green. 
Sem-per-vi'vse.*' [From sem'per, 
“always,” and vi'vus, “alive,” or “liv- 
ing.”] The Jussieuan name of a natu- 
ral order of plants. See Crassulace.®. 
Sem'. See Senna. 
Sen'e-ca Oil. A name given to a 
variety of petroleum obtained on or near 
Seneca Lake, in the State of New York. 
499 SEN 
SEP 
It nas been much used as an external 
application in rheumatism. 
Sene'cio (se-ne'she-o) Vul-ga'ris.* 
Groundsel. A plant of the natural order 
Composites. It is emetic in large doses, 
but is seldom used. It is sometimes ap- 
plied externally to painful swellings and 
ulcers. 
Se-nec'tus, u'tis.* [From se'nex, 
“ old.”] (Fr. Vieillesse, ve-i'yess'.) Old 
age; usually reckoned from about the 
sixtieth year. 
Sen'c-ga.* [From Sen'egal.] Seneka. 
The Phannacopoeial || name for the root 
of Polytj'ala Sen'ega. It is a stimulating 
expectorant and diuretic. It was for- 
merly regarded as a remedy for the bite 
of the rattlesnake, whence the popular 
name snake-root. 
Sen'e-&in. [Senegi'na.] An alka- 
line principle obtained from the root of 
Polygala senega. 
Se-nfes'$ence. [Senescen'tia; from 
senes'co, to “grow old.”] The state or 
progress of growing old. 
S6nev6, skn'vi,', or si'neh-vi'. A 
French name for mustard. See Sixapis. 
Se'nllc. [Seni'lis; from se'nex, 
“old;” also, an “old man.”] Of or be- 
longing to old age; old: as, --Etas senilis 
(“old age”), Arcus senilis (“bow of old 
age”). See Arcus Sexilis. 
Sen'na.* (Fr. Sene, sAn<V.) The 
Phannacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
leaflets of Cassia acutifolia, C. obovata, 
and C. elongata. Senna is a prompt, 
efficient, and safe purgative, and is well 
adapted to those affections in which a de- 
cided but not violent impression is de- 
sired. 
Sen'na Al-ex-an-dri'na.* (“Alex- 
andrine Senna.”) The Pharmacopoeia! 
name (Br. Ph.) for the leaves of various 
species of Cassia. 
Sen'na, A-mer'i-can. A name for 
the Cassia Marilandica. 
Sen'na In'di-ca.* (“Indian Sen- 
na.”) The Pharmacopoeial name for the 
leaves of the Cassia elongata (Br. Ph.), 
or C. officinalis (Lond. Ph.). See Senxa. 
Se-noc'u-late. [Senocula'tus; 
from se'ni, “six,” ajid oc'ulus, an “eye.”] 
Having six eyes. 
Sen-sa'tion. [Sensa'tto, o’nis ; 
from sen’tio, sen'sum, to “perceive,” to 
“think,” or “feel.”] The consciousness 
of an impression made by an external 
body on the organs of sense; the imme- 
diate effect produced on the mind by the 
contact of an external object with the 
nerves of sensation. 
Sensations, Diseases affecting 
the. See Esthetic. 
Sense. [Sen'sus: from sen'tio, sen'- 
sum, to “ perceive,” to “ think,” or “ feel.”] 
A faculty by which the properties or 
conditions of external things are per- 
ceived. There are usually reckoned five 
senses : viz., sight, hearing (or audition), 
taste, touch, and smell, which will be 
noticed under their proper heads. 
Sen-sl-hil'i-tj'. [Sensihi 1' i tas. a'tie; 
from the same.] That faculty by which 
the brain perceives an impression made 
upon it; the power by which living parts 
receive impressions from the different 
bodies placed in contact with them. 
Sen'sl-ble. [Senslb'ilis; from the 
same.] Capable of sensation; percepti- 
ble by the senses; capable of exciting 
sensation. 
Sen'si-tlve. [Senslti'vns; from the 
same.] Endowed with feeling; easily 
affected; sentient. 
Sen'si live Plant. A name for the 
Mimo'sa pudi'ca, a small annual plant, 
remarkable for the irritability or sponta- 
neous motion of its pinnate leaflets, which 
collapse and fold up when touched, or 
when irritated by casting on them the 
focus of a burning-glass. A similar 
change takes place on the approach of 
night, when the plant seems to go to sleep. 
Sen-so'rl-al. [Sensoria'lis; from 
senso'rium, “ centre of sensation,” the 
“brain.”] Belonging to the sensorium. 
Sen-so'ri-um.* [From sen'tio, sen'- 
sum, to “ perceive,” or “ feel.”] Centre of 
sensation; the brain; also, the collection 
of ganglia at the base of the brain. 
Senso'rium Coin-inu'ne.* (“ Com- 
mon Sensorium.”) The common seat or 
centre of all the senses, where the nerves 
proper to the different organs of sense 
take their origin. Applied to the brain. 
Sen'so-r,y. [Senso'rius; from sen'- 
sus, “sense.”] A term applied to those 
nerves which convey impressions to the 
neural axis, as distinguished from the 
motory nerves. 
Sentient, sen'she-ent. [Sen'tiens; 
from sen'tin, to “perceive,” or “feel.”] 
Having sensation or feeling. That which 
is particularly susceptible of sensation, 
as the extremities of the nerves. 
Sentimentalism. See An; si a, and 
Elatio. 
Se'pml. [Sep'alum; from se'par, “ di- 
vided”?] A division or leaf of a calyx. 
Sep'a-line, or Sep'a-Ious. [From 
sep'alum, a “sepal.”] Relating to sepals. 
Sep'a-loid. [Sepaloi'des; from 
500 SEP 
SEP 
sep'alum, a “sepal,” and eldos, a “form.”] 
Resembling a sepal. 
Sep'a-rat-ed Flow'ers. When sta- 
mens and pistils occupy separate flowers, 
these arc called separated. 
Sep' a- ra-1 o- r y. [Separato'rium; 
from sep'aro, separa'turn, to “ separate.”] 
A vessel used for separating fluids of 
different densities, or liquors from the 
materials with which they have been 
mixed, or the essential from the less im- 
portant parts. Also, an instrument for 
separating the pericranium from the 
skull, in post-mortem examinations or 
dissections. 
Se'pl-a.* A pigment prepared from 
a black juice secreted by the glands of 
the Sepia, or cuttle-fish, which the ani- 
mal ejects to darken the water and con- 
ceal itself from its enemies. This juice 
was used as ink by the ancients. It 
forms a beautiful brown pigment with a 
fine grain. See next article. 
Se'pl -a-dav* [From Se'pia, the 
“cuttle-fish.”] A family of Mollusks of 
the cuttle-fish tribe. They belong to the 
order Cephalopoda, which see. 
Sep'ta,® gen. Sep-to'rum, the plural 
of Septum, which see. 
Sep-tse'ml-a,* [From arjnros, “ pu- 
trid,” and al/ta, “ blood.”] A morbid 
state of the blood, caused by septic or 
putrid matters received into the circula- 
tion. Essentially the same as Ichorasmia. 
Sep'tate. [From sep'tum, a “ parti- 
tion.”] Having a partition. Applied to 
pericarps. 
>Sep-tein-an-}fu-Ia'tus.'* [From sep' - 
tem, “seven,” and an'gulus, an “angle.”] 
Having seven prominent angles. 
Sepdem-den'tatc. [Septcinden- 
tutus: from sep'tem, “seven,” and dens, 
a “tooth.”] Having seven teeth. Ap- 
plied to certain animals. 
Sep-tent-lo'bate. [Septemloba'- 
tus; from sep'tem, “seven,” and lo'bus, 
a “lobe.”] Having seven lobes. 
Sep-tem-tier'vis.® [From sep'tem, 
“seven,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Hav- 
ing seven nerves. 
Sep'te-nate. [Septena'tus; from 
septe'ni, “ seven,” “ by sevens.”] Disposed 
in sevens. 
Sep-ten'trl-o-nal. [Soptentrio- 
lia'lis, or Septentriona'rius; from 
septen’trio, the “north.”] Northern; 
that which grows in or inhabits the 
north or northern countries. 
Scptfoil. See Tormentilla. 
Septhsemia. See Sept.emia. 
Septic. [Sep'ticus; from <nj™, to 
“putrefy.”] Tending to putrefy; caus- 
ing putrefaction. 
Sep-ti-ci'dal. [SeptM'dus; from 
sep'tum, a “fence,” a “partition,” and 
ex' do, to “cut.”] Dehiscent by the par- 
titions,—i.e. along the lines of junction. 
Applied to the capsules of plants. 
SejMif■'er-ous. [Septif crus; 
from sep'tum, a “ partition,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or having septa. 
Sep'tl-form. [Sept iibrinis: from 
sep'tum, a “partition.”] Formed like a 
septum. 
Scp-tif'ra-gnl. [Sept if 'ragus ; 
from sep'tum, a “partition,” and fran'go, 
to “break.”] Septifragal dehiscence is 
a modification of either the loculicidal, 
or scpticidal, in which the valves fall 
away , leaving the dissepiments attached 
to the axis. 
Sep'tl-lis.* [From sep'tum, a “par- 
tition.”] Applied to the placentarium 
when attached to the septa: sep'tile. 
Sep-tu-la'tus.® [From sep'tulum, a 
“little septum.”] Having septula. 
Sep-tu-lif 'er-ous. [Septu'llfer, or 
Septulif 'erus; from sep'tidum, a “ little 
septum,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
ing septula. 
Sep'tu-lum,* plural Sep'tu-Ia. 
[Diminutive of sep'tum, a “partition.”] 
A “ little septum.” Applied to a lamina 
which divides the anther of the Orchids 
into two cavities. 
Sep'tum,* plural Sep'tsj. [From se' - 
pio, sep'tum, to “enclose,” to “fence in.”] 
A Latin word signifying a “ fence,” 
“partition,” or “enclosure.” In Botany, 
a dissepiment. Also applied to bony, 
cartilaginous, or membranous partitions 
in the human body. 
Sep'tum Au-i'ic-u-la'rum.® (“ Par- 
tition of the Auricles.”) The partition 
which separates the right from the left 
auricle of the heart. 
Sep'tum Cer-e-l»el'li.® (“Partition 
of the Cerebellum.”) The process of the 
dura mater dividing the cerebellum per- 
pendicularly into symmetrical halves. 
Sep'tum Cfer'e-bri.* (“ Partition 
of the Brain, or Cerebrum.”) The falci- 
form process of the dura mater. 
Sep'tum Cor'dis.® (“Partition of 
the Heart.”) The septum or partition 
between the ventricles of the heart. 
Sep'tum I.u'ci-Uuin.® (“Pellucid 
Septum.”) A thin triangular partition 
between the lateral ventricles of the brain. 
Sep'tum Jfa'ri-um.* (“Partition 
of the Nostrils.”) The partition between 
the nostrils. 
501 Septum I'ec-tind-for'me.* 
(“Oomb-like Partition.”) An imperfect 
tendinous septum separating the crura 
of the penis. 
Sep'tum Scro'ti.* (“ Partition of 
the Scrotum.”) A partition formed by 
the dartos, dividing the scrotum into two 
equal cavities and separating the testes. 
Septum Yrans-vcr'siim." 
(“Transverse Partition.”) The dia- 
phragm, which separates the thorax from 
the abdomen. This term is also applied 
to the tentorium cerehelli. 
Septum V eu-trlc-u-lo' rum.* 
(“Partition of the Ventricles.’’) Tho 
partition which separates the right from 
the left ventricle of the heart. 
Seq. laice = Sequen'ti Lu'ceA “ The 
following day.” 
Se-que'la,* plural So-qaie'Ia*. [From 
se'quor, to “ follow.”] A consequence or 
sequel. In Pathology, sequelse are mor- 
bid affections which succeed to acute or 
severe diseases after the latter have 
abated. 
gen. Seq-ue-la’raun, the 
plural of Sequela, which see. 
Se-qucs'trum.* [From seques'tro, 
to “ sever,” to “ separate.”] Any dead 
portion of bone in a wound, abscess, or 
ulcer, cast off by necrosis. 
Se'rl-iil. [Seria'lis; from sdrics, 
an “order,” or “row,” “succession.”] 
Following in a determinate order, or ar- 
ranged in rows. 
Se'ri-ate. [From the same.] The 
same as Serial, which see. 
Sericeous, sc-rish'us. 
from scr’iciint, “silk.”] Silky; resem- 
bling silk. 
Ser-i-cl-fo'li-us.* [From ser'icum, 
“silk,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having 
silken leaves. 
Ser'i-cum.*' [Gr. trnpiKw.'] Silk, the 
product of several animals, but chiefly 
of the Bom'byx mo'ri, or silkworm. In 
Botany, applied to a kind of soft, hairy 
pubescence, of a white, shining, silky 
appearance. 
Se'ri-es.- [From se'ro, to “join.”] 
A Latin word signifying an “order, or 
continuous succession.” A geometrical 
series is one to which each term is a 
multiple of the preceding by a constant 
factor. Series is applied in Geology to 
a group of strata, as the “secondary 
series,” the “transition series,” the “Si- 
lurian series,” etc. 
Ser'o-Iin. [SeroHa'na; from se'rmn, 
and o'leum, “oil.”] An oily or fatty mat- 
ter discovered in the serum of the blood. 
SEP 
Se-ros'S-ty- [Serws'itas, a'tis; from 
»e'mm, “whey.”] The serum of tho 
blood, or the whey of milk. 
Ne-rot l-Jioiss. [Wocof anus; from 
se'rus, “ late.”] Late; late in the even- 
ing. In Botany, flowering or fruiting 
late. See Membrana Serotina. 
Se'rous. [Sero'sun; from sc'ntm.] 
Of the nature of serum; also, secreting 
serum. 
Ser'pens.* [Present participle from 
ser’po, to “creep.”] Creeping or wind- 
ing like a serpent. Applied to a form 
of baldness. See Area. 
Ser-pen-ta'ri-a.* [From ser'pens, 
a “seqient:” so called because reputed 
to be an antidote for the bite of serpents.] 
Virginia Snakeroot, or Ser'pentary. The 
Pharmacopoeial name f| for the root of 
Aristolo'chia serpenta'ria, and other spe- 
cies of Aristolochia; the Aristolochioe ser- 
pentarise radix (“ root of Aristolochia ser- 
pent aria”) of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. 
Serpentaria is a stimulant tonic, some- 
times acting as a diaphoretic and diu- 
retic. 
Serpenta'ria Yir-gin-i-a'na." 
Another name for Aristolo'chia serpenta'- 
ria. 
Serpentary. Sec Serpentaria. 
Ser-pen'ti-form. [Serpentiior'- 
mis; from ser’pens, serpen'tis, a “ser- 
pent.”] Having the form of a serpent. 
Ser'pen-tine. [Serpen tin us: from 
the same.] Pertaining to a serpent; 
winding about like a serpent; meander- 
ing. 
Ser'pentine. [From the same.] A 
magnesian rock of various colors, and 
often speckled like a serpent’s skin. It 
sometimes occurs crystallized, and is 
used for ornamental purposes. Vcrd 
antique is an aggregate of serpentine 
and marble. 
Ser-pI&'I-nons. [Serpigino'sus.] 
Having serpigo. 
Ser-pi go. ftfinisA’ [From ser’po, to 
“creep.”] Ringworm, or tetter. See 
Herpes. 
Ser'ra.® A Latin word signifying a 
“saw.” Applied to the serrations or 
tooth-like articulating processes of cer- 
tain bones, as those of the cranium. 
SSr'rate, or [Scrra'- 
tus; from serVo, a “ saw.”] Beset with 
teeth pointing forwards, like those of a 
saw. Applied to leaves. 
Ser- rat'i-form. [Serratifor’mis ; 
from the same.] Having the appearance 
of a saw. 
Ser-ra lian. [Serra'tio; from ser'ra, 
SER 
502 a “saw.”] A formation or structure re- 
sembling the teeth of a saw. 
[From the same.] One 
of the teeth of a serrate leaf or body. 
Also, a notching or indenture in the 
edge of any thing. 
Sei'-ra'tus Magf'nws.® (“Great 
Serrated [Muscle].”) A muscle of the 
lateral thoracic region, arising by fleshy 
serrations from the upper ribs, and in- 
serted into the whole length of the 
scapula. 
Serra'tuis I*os-ti'cus.* (“ Posterior 
Serrated [Muscle].”) The name of two 
muscles of the back, superior and infe- 
rior, arising from some of the vertebra:, 
and inserted by serrations into several 
of the ribs. 
Serre-Xeend (Fr.), s6r nrh. [From 
8errer, to “press,” and neeud, a “knot.”] 
The name of an instrument used in sur- 
gery to tighten ligatures. 
S£r'rn-late. [Serriila'tras; from 
ser'nda, a “ little saw.”] Minutely ser- 
rated ; serrate with fine teeth. 
Ser'tu-lnm.® [Diminutive of ser'- 
tum, a “garland.”] A term sometimes 
applied to a simple umbel. 
Se'ruin.5 The greenish-yellow fluid 
constituent of blood, which separates 
from the crassamcntuni during coagula- 
tion; the liq'uor san'guinis deprived of its 
fibrin or coagulable matter; serosity. 
Also, the whey of milk. 
Se'raim lae'tis.® (“ Serum of Milk.”) 
Whey. Sec Whey. 
Serv. = Sedca.* “ Keep, or preserve.” 
Ses'n-mi Fo'ii-uii!,* or Ses'a-ml 
Fo'H-a.® Benne Leaf. The Pharma- 
copccial name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves 
of the Ses'amuM Jn'dicum and Ses'amum 
oricnta'lc. 
Ses'a-moid. [Sesamoi'des, or 
Kesamoi'deus; from aijaa/iov, a “seed 
of the sesamum,” and sUo;, a “form.”] 
Resembling a grain of sesamum. 
Ses amoid Iiones. [Os'sa (or Os- 
sic'nla) Ncsmnoi'ilea.] A designation 
of certain small bones found at the 
roots of the first joint of the thumb and 
of the great toe. 
Ses'qui-. A prefix signifying “one 
and a half,” as sesqui-granum, a “grain 
and a half.” Used in Chemistry to in- 
dicate that an equivalent and a half of 
one ingredient is combined with ono of 
another. See Sesquioxide. 
Sesquill. Sesquiho'ra.* “An hour 
and a half.” 
Ses-qiii-ox'ide. Literally, a com- 
pound of one and a half proportions of 
SER 
oxygen with one proportion of some 
other body, or, which is the same, of 
three equivalents of oxygen and two 
equivalents of another body. 
Sesquiox ide of I'ron, otherwise 
called IVr-ox'ide of ! ron. A prepa- 
ration made by adding water of ammo- 
nia to a solution of the sulphate of iron. 
The precipitate deposited is the hydrated 
oxide of iron (the Fer'ri ox’idum lu/- 
dra'tum of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia), 
also termed the hydrated peroxide of 
iron, forming the best, if not the only, 
antidote for poisoning with arsenic. By 
exposure to heat in a covered vessel, it 
becomes the simple sesquioxide (or per- 
oxide) of iron. 
Ses'slle. [Ses'silis; from se'dco, 
sen'sum, to “sit.”] Sitting close to the 
stem; having no petiole or peduncle. 
Applied to leaves and flowers. 
Ses-sa-li-flo'rus.* [From ses'silis, 
“sessile,” and flos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing sessile flowers: sessiliflo'rous. 
Ses-si-H-fo-li-a'tus,5 or Ses-sI-II- 
fo'li-vis.* [From xes'silis, “sessile,” 
and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Having sessile 
leaves: sessilifoliate; sessilifolious. 
Sesune. = Scsvti'eiud- “ An ounce 
and a half.” 
Se'ta,* plural Se'tse. A bristle. In 
Botany, a species of pubescence covering 
certain plants. Also applied to the stiff 
hairs that issue from certain of the Anel- 
lata and serve in lieu of feet. 
Se-ta/ceous. [Seta'ceus; from se'ta, 
a “bristle.”] Like bristles. 
Se'tee,* the plural of Seta, which 
see. 
Se-taf'or-ous. [Setif'erus; from 
se'ta, a “bristle,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] 
The same as Setigerotis, which see. 
Se'tl-form. [Setifor'inis; from 
se'ta, a “bristle.”] Formed like a 
bristle. 
Se-ti&'er-oiis. [Set'iger. or Se- 
li&'erus; from se’ta, a “bristle,” and 
ge'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing bristles. 
Se'ton, or Sctaceuin,* se-ta'she-um. 
[From se'ta, a “ bristle,” or “ coarse hair,” 
horse-hair having been originally used 
for setons.] A small canal, or artificial 
passage, made under the skin by means 
of an instrument called a seton-needle, 
carrying with it a number of threads of 
linen, silk, or cotton, which are daily 
moved forwards or backwards, in order 
to keep up a constant irritation and dis- 
charge. 
Se-tose'. [Seto'sns; from se'ta, a 
“bristle.”] Covered with bristles; bristly. 
SET 
503 Set'n-la.* [Diminutive of se'ta, a 
“ bristle.”] A small bristle. 
Sev'enth Pair [Par Sep'timum]. 
A pair of encephalic nerves divided into 
two parts: the portio dura (“hard por- 
tion”) being distributed to the face, and 
hence termed facial nerve; and the por- 
tio mollis (“soft portion”), called the 
auditory nerve, sending its filaments to 
the ear. 
Sev'enth Sense, also called Visce- 
ral Sense. A term applied by some wri- 
ters to the instinctive sensations arising 
from the ganglionic department of the 
nervous system. 
Se'vum.* Suet. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name for the prepared fat of sheep; 
the Adeps ovilli. Tallow; fat. Also 
termed Sebum. See Adeps. 
Se' vuin £e'ti.':if (“Fat of the Whale.”) 
Spermaceti, obtained from the Physe’ter 
macroceph' alus. 
Se'vum O-vil'lum.* Mutton suet. 
Sex-fa'rl-®us. Six-rowed. Applied 
to parts of plants. 
Sex'fid, or Sex'I-iid. [Sex'fidns; 
from sex, “six,” and fin'do, to “cleave.”] 
Divided into six portions. 
Sex-ilo'rus.® [From sex, ‘'six,” 
and fine, a “flower.”] Having six 
flowers: sexiflo'rous. 
Sex-par'tite. [From sex, “six,” 
and par'tio, parti'turn, to “part.”] Six- 
parted. 
Sextant. [From sex'tans, the “sixth 
part,” the limb of the instrument being 
a sixth part of a circle.] An instrument 
for measuring the angular distance of 
objects by reflection. It is chiefly used 
for nautical purposes in measuring the 
altitudes of celestial objects. 
Sex'u-al. [Sexua'lis; from sex'us, 
“sex.”] Belonging to sex; distinguish- 
ing the sexes. 
Sex'ual SyVtem. The system or 
method of classifying plants invented by 
Linnasus, founded on the number, posi- 
tion, and connection of the sexual organs. 
Sliail'iluck. A large fruit, resem- 
bling the orange, obtained from the Git'- 
rus decuma'na, growing in the East and 
West Indies. It has a slightly bitterish 
or astringent taste, which renders it less 
palatable than the orange; but it is 
peculiarly grateful and acceptable to the 
stomach in the convalescence from sea- 
sickness, especially in hot climates. 
Sliagisy. See Hirsute. 
Nhali'iiig' Piil'sy. The common 
name for the Synclonus ballismus of Dr. 
Hood. 
SET 
Shale. A crumbling variety of slate; 
indurated clay. 
Sham-poo'lng. The employment 
of the vapor-bath, accompanied by a 
process of friction, kneading, and exten- 
sion of the muscles, tendons, and liga- 
ments. 
Sharp. See Acute. 
Sharp-Pointed. See Cuspidate, 
and Mucronate. 
Sheath. [Vagi'na.] In Botany, a 
tubular body enclosing or surrounding 
some other. 
Sheath, Med'ul-la-ry. A tissue of 
spiral vessels or ducts surrounding the 
pith of plants. This is no special organ, 
and merely represents the earliest-formed 
vascular tissue of the stem. 
Shell. [ trns'ta, Tes'ta.] The 
calcareous skeleton which encloses the 
soft parts of a testaceous mollusk; an 
inorganic, laminated deposit of calcare- 
ous earth, more or less combined with 
albuminous matter. Shells are divided 
into univalve, bivalve, and multivalve, 
and are the subjects of the science of 
Conchology. Also, the covering of an 
egg. 
Sher'bet. [Lat. Sorbe'tmn, or 
Sprbe'thum s Fr. Sorbet, soR'ba'.] A 
cooling summer drink much used in the 
East, made of the juice of fruits and. 
water, variously sweetened and flavored. 
Sher'ry. [Ti'nuin Xer'icum; 
from Xeres, a town of Spain.] The Vinum 
album, or white wine. 
Shield. A name for an apothecium. 
See Apothecia. 
Shield'-lihe Car'tl-la&e. The Car- 
tilage scutiformis, or Cartilago thyroides. 
Shield-Shaped. Sec Peltate, and 
Scutiform. 
Shin. [Anticne'mion.] The crest, 
or prominent anterior ridge, or edge, of 
the tibia: sometimes applied to the bone 
itself. 
Shin'-Bone. The tibia, or large bone 
of the leg. See Tibia. 
Shin gles. [From vin'gulum, a “gir- 
dle.”] A popular name for Herpes 
Zoster, which see. 
Shoot. [Sur'culus.] Any young 
or fresh branch of a plant. 
Short-Sighted ness. See Myopy. 
Shoulder. See Armus, and Hu- 
merus. 
Shoulder-Blade. See Scapula. 
Show, or La bor Show. Popularly, 
the red-colored mucus discharged from 
the vagina shortly before childbirth. 
Show'er-Bath. [Impin' vium.] 
SHO 
504 A mode of bathing which consists in 
throwing a column of water with more 
or less violence upon the surface of the 
body. When a column of water is let 
fall from a considerable height, it is 
termed by the French Douche (doosli). 
See Douc he. 
Shrivelled. See Corrugated, and 
Rugose. 
Shrub. [Fru'lex.] A woody plant 
with a stem branched from or near the 
ground, and less than five times the 
height of a man. A shrub which ap- 
proaches a tree in size, or resembles it 
in aspect, is said to be arborescent. 
Also, a liquor made of acid fruits, sugar, 
and other substances to give a flavor, 
digested in rum or brandy. Shrub in 
this sense is a corruption of the Arabic 
sherab (shcj-r&b'), and is nearly the same 
as Sherbet. 
Shrub-like. See Fruticose. 
Si-al'a-den, cnk* [From oiaXov, 
the “spittle,” and ddrjr, a “gland.”] A 
salivary gland. 
Si-al-iul-e-ni'tis. id is.* [From sial’- 
aden, a “salivary gland.”] Inflamma- 
tion of a salivary gland. 
Si-al-ad-e-eion'cus.* [From sial'a- 
dcn, a “salivary gland,” and oyvoj, a 
“tumor.”] Swelling of a salivary gland. 
Si-al'a-goguc. [Sialago'gus: from 
oiaXov, “saliva,” and a yea, to “lead or 
carry off.”] Having power to increase 
the flow of the saliva. 
Si-a-li'na.® [From aiaXov, “saliva.”] 
A term for a peculiar principle contained 
in the saliva: sialin. 
Si 'a-Iiue. [Siali'ims: from aiaXor, 
“saliva.”] Belonging to the saliva, or 
spittle. 
Si-a-So'deS.*- [From ciaXor, “ saliva.”] 
Having saliva; like saliva. 
Kl'a-loid. [SSaloi'des: from oiaXov, 
“saliva,” and cllo;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling saliva. 
Si-a-Io-II-thi'a-sis.® [From oiaXov, 
“saliva,” and lithi'asis, the “formation 
of stone.”] The formation of salival 
calculus. 
Si-a-lol'I-thus.® [From oiaXov, 
“saliva,” and Aiftiy, a “stone.”] A sali- 
val calculus. 
Si-a-lol'o-gy. [Saalolo'gia; from 
<r:'aAo , “ saliva,” and Aiiyo;, a “ discourse.”] 
The doctrine of the saliva; that branch 
of Physiology which treats of the saliva, 
its secretion, uses, etc. 
Si-si-lou'cus.* [From oiaXov, “sali- 
va,” and oy/co;, a “tumor.”] A tumor 
under the tongue, resulting from ob- 
SIIR 
struction to the flow of saliva by a sali- 
val calculus. 
Si-a-lor-rhce'a.* [From ataXov, 
“saliva,” and poo, to “flow.”] A flow 
of the saliva. 
Mib'lH'UK. A popular Fcotch term 
for a disease resembling syphilis. 
SiBi-lassl. Nib ilans: from sib'ilo, 
to “hiss.”] Making a hissing sound, or 
whistling. 
Sic'cant. [Kic’cans; from sic'co, to 
“dry.”] Having power to dry; drying. 
[From sic'cus, 
“dry,” and /o'Hum, a “leaf.”] Having 
a dry leaf: siccifo'lious. 
Sick. [Lat. AE'ger: Fr. Alalade, 
m&T&d'.] Affected with Sickness, 
which see. 
Sick'ness. [Lat. Mor'bus, and 
.<£grjtu'<Io; Fr. Mala (lie, 
In a general sense, any kind of disease 
or malady involving the whole bcfdy, 
but applied more particularly to a nau- 
seated state of the stomach, with or 
without retching and vomiting. 
Sld'er-a-tion. [Sidera'tio, o'»i* ; 
from si'dus, a “ star,” or “constellation.”] 
A sudden attack, supposed to be the 
result of sidereal influence. Under this 
term were included, by the ancients, 
apoplexy and paralysis; also, mortifica- 
tion, or sphacelus. 
S5-<Jc' ro-al. or Sid'e-ral. [Side'- 
rens, and Sidera'lls; from si'dus, sid'- 
eris, a “ star.”] Belonging to the stars, 
or signs in the heavens; starry. A side- 
real day is the time in which the earth 
makes a complete rotation on its axis, 
with respect to a fixed star, or any fixed 
point in space. 
Jiid-c-ri'teS.* [Hr. adnpirm, “ of or 
belonging to iron;” from ailirifos, “iron,” 
Xidog, a “stone,” being understood.] A 
name for the magnet, or loadstone. 
Sid-e-rog-'ra-phy. [Sidcrogra'- 
phia; from aiinpos, “iron,” or “steel,” 
and ypfyio, to “write.”] A history of 
iron or steel; the art or practice of 
engraving on steel. 
Sid-e-ro-tecli'nl-a.* [From 
“iron,” and “art.”] The art of 
treating minerals containing iron; also, 
the art of working in iron. 
Sienite. See Syenite. 
SI-6r'ra. [From ser'ra, a “saw.”] 
A Spanish word signifying a “saw,” but 
usually applied to a chain of high moun- 
tains, because at a great distance the 
peaks present an appearance resembling 
saw-teeth. 
Sieve. See Colatorium. 
SIE 
505 SIE 
SIL 
Sieve-lilse. See Coliformis, Crib- 
riform, and Ethmoid. 
Si-gaul'ti-au Op-e-r&'tion. The 
division of the symphysis pubis in cases 
of impracticable labor from contraction 
or deformity, first performed by Sigault. 
See Symphysotomy. 
Sigli. See Suspirium. 
Sight. See Visits, and Vision. 
Sight, Dimness of. See Caligo. 
Sight, JIorbM. See Paropsis. 
Sig'il-late. [Sigilla'tus; from 
siyil'lum, a “seal.”] Marked with a seal. 
Sig'moid. [Sigmoi'cles; from 2, 
and elco;, a “form.”] Curved like the 
letter S; resembling the Greek letter 2 
(sigma). 
Sigmoid Flex'ure. [Flexu'ra 
Siginoi'dea.] A name applied to that 
portion of the colon which is between the 
descending portion and the rectum. 
Sigmoid Valves. [Val'vulse 
SIgmoi'dese.] The semilunar valves of 
the aorta and of the pulmonary artery. 
Sign. [Sig'imm.J Literally, a “mark.” 
Applied to any appearance, symptom, or 
circumstance from which the physician is 
enabled to decide as to the nature or pro- 
bable termination of the disease. In 
Pharmacy the term is applied to certain 
marks employed in formulae and pre- 
scriptions, viz.: ft) for a pound; J for an 
ounce; 5 for a drachm; 3 for a scruple; 
Tit for a minim. In Astronomy, it denotes 
a portion of the ecliptic, or zodiac, con- 
taining thirty degrees. 
Sig'na.* [Imperative mood of sig'no, 
to “mark.”] “Mark,” or “write.” A 
word added at the end of prescriptions 
to show what directions are to be copied 
by the druggist for the guidance of the 
patient or his attendant. 
Si-le'ne Vir-gin'I-ca.® The syste- 
matic name of Wild Pink, a plant of the 
natural order Caryophyllaccse. The root 
has been used as an anthelmintic. 
Si'lex,* gen. Sil'l-?is. [From 
a “stone,” or “pebble” ?] Flint; quartz. 
Sometimes synonymous with Silica. 
Sil'I-ca.* [From si'lex.] One of the 
primitive earths; a substance composed 
o-f oxygen and silicon (or silicium), and 
sometimes called silicic acid. It forms 
the principal ingredient of a variety of 
silicious minerals, among which quartz, 
flint, rock-crystal, and chalcedony may 
be considered as silica nearly pure. It 
predominates in granite and sandstone. 
Silica in its ordinary or anhydrous state 
is insoluble in all acids except the hydro- 
fluoric. 
Sil'I-cate. [Sil'icas, aVis.] A com- 
bination of silicic acid with a base. 
Si-li$'ic. Belonging 
to, or derived from, silica. Applied to 
an acid. 
Sil-i-cif'er-ous. [Silicif'eriis; 
from sil'ica, andfe'ro, to “bear.”] Con- 
taining silica. 
Sll'i-<‘l-iori!i. [SilSeafor'mss: from 
si'lex, sil'icis, “flint.”] Having the 
form of silex, or flint. 
Wiliciaats, sc-lish'c-us. [Kiti<*i<i»'stis; 
from sil'ica.] Resembling or containing 
silica. 
Silicmm,* sc-lish'e-um. Another 
name for Silicon, which see. 
SSl’i-cle, or Kil'I-csiic. [Silic'ula; 
diminutive of sil'iqua, a “silique,” or 
“pod.”] A “little pod;” a short silique 
or short pod of Cruciferse, as sheplierd’s- 
purse. 
Sil'I-con. A simple, non-metallic, 
infusible substance which forms the 
base of silica. It bears a greater analogy 
to boron than to any other known princi- 
ple. It is not acted on by any single acid, 
but is soluble by a mixture of nitric and 
hydrofluoric acids. 
Sil-i-cu-ll-for'mis.** Having the 
form of a silicic: siliculiform. 
Sil-i-cu-lo'sa.® [From silic'ula, a 
“ small or. short silique.”] The name 
of an order in the Lin mean class Tetrady- 
namia. 
$il-I-cu-lose'. [Niliculo'sus; from 
silic'ula, a “siliele.”] Having or resem- 
bling siliclcs. 
Silique, se-leek'. [Sil'iqua.] A 
slender, two-valved capsule of a crucif- 
erous plant, like those of the mustard 
and radish. It has two parietal placentas 
from which the valves separate in dehis- 
cence. 
Sil'I-qiii-forin. [Siliquifor'mis.] 
Having the form of a silique. 
Sil-i-quo'sa.* [From sil'iqua, a 
“silique.”] Bearing siliques. Applied 
to an order of the Linnasan class Tetra- 
dynamia. 
Sil-i-qnose'. [Siliquo'sus: from sil'- 
iqua, a “silique.”] Having siliques, or 
like a silique. 
SIlBi'worm, Aq'iil of. Bombic acid. 
Sillt'y. [Seris'eus.] In Botany, 
clothed with fine, appressod, and glossy 
hairs, producing a satiny surface. 
Sallou, sAy&N°'. The French term 
for Sulcus, which see. 
Sl-lu'ri-un. [Slluria'nus; from 
Silu'res, an ancient people of South 
Wales.] A name given t > a series of 
506 SIL 
SIN 
rocks forming the upper subdivision of 
the sedimentary strata found below the 
old red sandstone, and formerly desig- 
nated the greywacke series. These strata 
are well developed in that part of Eng- 
land and Wales formerly occupied by 
the Silurcs. 
Sil ver. [Lat. Argen'tum; Gr. 
apy.-{o;; Fr. Argent, aR'zhoN0'.] A pre- 
cious metal of a beautiful white color, 
malleable, ductile, and tenacious. Its 
specific gravity is 10.5. It is not altered 
by air or moisture, but is tarnished by 
sulphuretted hydrogen, and is soluble in 
nitric and in sulphuric acid. When pure, 
it is softer and is tarnished less readily 
than the silver of coin or plate. See 
Argentum. 
Silver, Fulminating'. See Argen- 
tate of Ammonia. 
Silver, Aitrate of. See Argenti 
Nitras. 
Siniaba Cedron. See Cediion. 
Sim-a-rn'ba.* A Linnaean genus of 
the class Decandria, natural order Sitna- 
rubacese. Also, the Pharmaeopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the bark of the root of 
Simaru'ba officina'lis; (Ed. Ph.) of the 
Simaru'ba ama'ra ; (Dub. Ph.) the Sima- 
rubx Cortex. 
Simaru'ba A-ma'ra.® The plant 
(Ed. Ph.) which affords simaruba-root 
bark. 
Simaru'ba ©f-fi5-I-na'lis.® The 
plant (U.S. and Lond. Ph.) which affords 
simaruba-root bark; also called Quassia 
Simaruba. 
Simarubaccee,* sim-a-ru-ba'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, natives of tropical America, In- 
dia, or Africa. The species arc intensely 
bitter. Among the products of this order 
are Quassia and Simaru'ba, which are 
valuable medicines. 
Sim'i-lor. A name for Pinchbeck, 
which see. 
Si-moon', or Sl-moom'. A hot, arid 
wind, which, after passing over sandy 
deserts, blows in Arabia, Syria, and the 
adjacent countries. 
Sim'pie. [Sim'plex, ids; from 
si'ne pli’cd, “without a fold:” hence, sin- 
gle.] The opposite of compound; un- 
compounded ; unadulterated; pure. 
Simple Affinity. See Affinity, 
Single or Simple. 
Simple Cerate. See Ceratum Sim- 
plex. 
Sim'ple Fruit. A fruit which re- 
sults from a single pistil or flower. Sim- 
ple fruits may be divided into fleshy 
fruits, as the grape; stone fruits, as the 
peach ; and dry fruits, as the chesnut. 
Sim ple X,eaf. A leaf which has a 
blade of one piece, however cleft or 
lobed; or, if divided, the separate por- 
tions are neither raised on stalklets of 
their own, nor articulated (by a joint) 
with the main petiole. 
Sim'ples. A general name for all 
herbs which have any medicinal virtue. 
Sim'pli-cl-cau'lis.* [From aim'pier, 
“simple,” and cau'lis, a “stem.”] Hav- 
ing a simple stem. 
Sim'pli-ci-fo'll-us.* [From sim'- 
plex, “simple,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] 
Having simple leaves. 
Sim-u-la'lion. [Simula'tio, o'nis; 
from sim'ulo, Simula'turn, to “feign.”] A 
counterfeiting, or pretending to be suffer- 
ing under, disease; malingering. 
Sinapi. See Sin apis. 
Si-na'pis.* [Gr. oivrprt, or aivam; 
Fr. Moutarde, moo'tand', or Seneve, s&n'- 
vA.] A Linnaean genus of the class Te- 
tradynamia, natural order Cruciferse. 
Also, the Pharmacopceial name (Br. Ph.) 
for the seeds, reduced to powder, of Sina- 
pis nigna and S. alia. According to the 
Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, it is Sinapi. 
SI 15 a'pis Al'foa.* White Mustard. 
The Pharmaeopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the seed of the Sinapis alba. Its pro- 
perties are similar to those of Sinapis 
nigra. 
Sina'pis Xi'gra.* Black Mustard. 
The Pharmaeopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the seed of the Sinapis nigra. It is 
stimulant, emetic, and applied externally 
is epispastic or rubefacient. 
Sina'pi$ Sem'i-na.* (“Seeds of 
Sinapis.”) See Sinapis. 
Sin'a-pism. [Sinapis'mus; from 
sina'pis, “mustard.”] A plaster or poul- 
tice made of mustard, linseed-meal, and 
vinegar. Used as a rubefacient. 
Sin-$ip'£-tal. [Sincipita'lis; from 
sin'ciputi] Pertaining to the sinciput. 
Sin'51-put.* The fore and upper 
part of the head. 
Sine. [Si'nns.] A right line drawn 
from one extremity of an arc perpen- 
dicular to the diameter of the circle pass- 
ing through the other extremity. 
Sin'ew. A fibrous cord which con- 
nects a muscle with a bone; a tendon. 
Sometimes improperly applied to a liga- 
ment which joins two bones. 
Sing1. = Singulo'rum.* “Of each.” 
Single Affinity. See Affinity, 
[ Single Elective. 
Sin'gfu-lis Di-e'bus.* [From sin’ - 
507 SIN 
SIZ 
gulus, “every,” and di'es, “day.” See 
Hies.] “Every day.” A phrase em- 
ployed in directions for taking medicine. 
Sin-gul'tus."35 (Fr. Hoquet, ho’ki'.) 
A convulsive motion of the diaphragm 
and neighboring parts, popularly named 
hiccough or hiccup. 
Sin'is-tral. [Sinistra'Ias ; from 
sin is'ter, the “left.”] Belonging to, or 
situated on, the left. 
Sin'is-trorse. [Nlnistror'sus; 
from the same.] Turned to the left; 
twining sfrom right to left, as the Hop 
and other plants. 
Sin'u-ate, orSin'u-at-ed. [Sinua'- 
tus; from si'nus, a “bay,” a “recess,” a 
“hollow.”] Hollowed; strongly wavy 
on the margin, with alternate convexities 
and concavities. Applied to leaves. 
Sin'u-ous. [Sinuo'sus; from the 
same.] Having sinuses; bending in and 
out; winding. 
Si'nus.35 Originally, a “bosom,” 
“cavity,” or “winding;” sometimes, a 
“gulf,” or “bay.” Applied in Surgery 
to the cavity of an impostliume or sore; 
also to a long, narrow, hollow track 
leading from some abscess, diseased 
bone, or the like. In Botany, a re-enter- 
ing angle; a recess.—(Gray.) In Geo- 
metry. a Sine, which see. 
Sinus Cavernus. See Cavernous 
Sinus. 
Sinus, Inferior Longitudinal. See 
Longitudinal Sinus, Inferior. 
Sinus, Longitudinal. See Longi- 
tudinal Sinus. 
Sinus, Maxillary. See Highmoria- 
num, Antrum. 
Si'nus Mu-li-e'bris.* A name for 
the vagina. 
Si'nus or Pel'vis of the ICid'ney. 
A small cavity or pouch which receives 
the orifices of the infundibula. 
Si'nus Poc-u-la'ris.* (“Cup-like 
Sinus.”) A large lacuna in the centre of 
the Caput Gallinaginis or Verumontanum. 
Si'nus 17-ro-gen-i-ta'lis.® [See 
Urogenital.] A sinus existing in the 
embryo of the mammalia. It is a cavity 
or canal opening externally, in which the 
excretory ducts of the Wolffian bodies, 
the ureters, and the efferent parts of the 
generative apparatus terminate inter- 
nally. 
Sinuses, Lateral. See Lateral 
Sinuses. 
Sinuses of Morgagni. See Mor- 
gagni, Sinuses of. 
Si'nus-es of the lht'ra Ma'ter. 
Certain channels which traverse the dura 
mater in various points for the reception 
of the venous blood. 
Si n. val. = Si non va'leat." “ If it 
does not avail,-’ or does not answer. 
Si op. Nit. = Si o'pus ait.* “If there 
he occasion.” 
Si'phon. [Lat. Si'pIlO, o'nis; Gr. 
<7'upoyj, a “ tube.”] A bent tube, with legs 
or limbs of unequal length, used for draw- 
ing liquors from one vessel into another 
without disturbing the sediment. In 
Zoology, a membranous and calcareous 
tube which traverses the septa and the 
interior of a polytlialainous shell. 
Si-pho'ni-a. i;.|as'tl-ea.* The sys- 
tematic name of the tree which yields 
Indian-rubber, or caoutchouc. It belongs 
to the natural order Euphorbiacesc. 
Si-pho-nif'cr-ous. [Sigdionif'er- 
us; from si'pho, a “siphon,” and fe'ro, 
to “ bear.”] Bearing or having siphons. 
Applied to certain Mollusks. 
Si-phon-o-bran-ehl-a'tus.35 [From 
o'iJm-j, a “siphon,” and /3/jayxia, the 
“ branchiee.”] Provided with a canal, 
more or less elongated, which borders 
upon a cavity containing the branchiae. 
Applied to certain Mollusks. 
SI-pho-nos'to-mus.35 [From a'njMv, 
a “siphon,” and ordpa, a “mouth.”] 
Having a siphon-like mouth. Applied 
to a family of Crustaceans. 
Si-ri'a-sis.® [From Sir'ius, the “dog- 
star.”] A term sometimes used for sun- 
stroke. 
Si-roe'eo. A soft, relaxing wind, 
chiefly experienced in the south of Italy, 
in Malta and in Sicily. 
Sirop, (Fr.) See Syritpus. 
Si'son Am'ml.* A plant yielding the 
Arn'mi ve'rum of the shops. The seeds 
were formerly used as a carminative. 
Sitis. See Thirst. 
Si-tol'o-gy, or Sit-I-oI’o-gy. [Siti- 
olo'gia; from triro;, “aliment,” and 
Xoyof, a “discourse.”] The doctrine or 
science of aliments; dietetics. 
Siam Xod-i-tlo'rum.35 Water- 
Parsnip. A plant of the Linnsean class 
Pentandria, natural order Uinbelliferse. 
It is said to be diuretic, and is occasion- 
ally used in cutaneous eruptions. 
Si vir. perm. = Si vi'res permit'tant.'* 
“If the strength will permit.” 
Sixth I’air. [Par Sex'tum.] A 
pair of encephalic nerves distributed to 
the rectus externns oeuli muscle. 
Sixth Sense. See Ccen,esthesis. 
Size. A name applied to the buffy 
coat which appears on the surface of co- 
agulated blood drawn in ir.flainmation. 
508 SIZ 
soc 
Si'zy. Like glue or size. Applied to 
the blood when, after coagulation, it ex- 
hibits the buffy coat. 
Skel'e-ton. [Lat. Seel'eton; Gr. 
OKzkzTin, from oxiAAo), to “dry,” to “dry 
up;” Fr. Sqi.elette, skeh-lett'.] The bony 
framework cf an animal designed for the 
support of the soft parts: usually applied 
to the dried bones prepared for anatomi- 
cal purposes. When the bones are con- 
nected by their own ligaments, the skele- 
ton is called natural; when joined by 
wires or plates of silver, etc., it is termed 
artificial. 
Skin. [From the old German Schin, 
from the same root as schei'nen, to “ap- 
pear;” because the skin is that part 
which appears or is visible.] The organ 
of touch, or one of the principal mediums 
through which we communicate with ex- 
ternal bodies. The skin is considered to 
be composed of three membranes: the 
outermost is the scarf-skin, cuticle, or epi- 
dermis; the middle, the rete mucosum; 
and the innermost, the true skin (cutis 
vera), or derma. 
Skin'-Bound. A peculiar condition 
of infants, in which the skin becomes 
tense, and as if too tight for the body, 
which is swelled and hard beneath its 
surface. 
Skull. See Cranium. 
Slag. The dross of iron or other 
metal. 
Slashed. The same as Laciniate, 
which see. 
Slate. A term applied to several 
varieties of stratified rocks which have 
the property of being split into thin 
laminae or plates, as clay-slate, mica- 
slate, and roofing-slate. Clay-slate is 
one of the oldest stratified rocks, and is 
non-fossiliferous. 
Slavering. See Drivelling. 
Sleep. [Lat. Soin'mis; Fr. Sommeil, 
som'mel'.] That state of the body in 
which the functions of sensation and 
volition are suspended, while the vital 
functions retain their usual activity; the 
operations of the mind, if not at perfect 
rest, are disconnected with external ob- 
jects. 
Sleep of Plants. A term applied by 
Linnaeus to the condition of certain 
plants the leaves of which are drooping 
and folded at night, as the Locust, Mi- 
mosa, O.ralis, etc. 
Sleep-IMstiirbailee. See Paroniria. 
Sleep-Indueing. See Hypnotic. 
Sleep-Walk'ing. The affection 
termed Oneirodynia activa. 
Sleeplessness. See Agrypnia. 
Sleepy. See Somnolent. 
Sling-. (Fr. Mchaipe, i'shaRp'.) A 
bandage or apparatus. 
Slip. See Talea. 
Slough, sluf. A sphacelated part of 
the body, eventually separating from the 
rest. 
Small-Pox. See Variola. 
Smalt, or Smaltz. An oxide of co- 
balt melted with silicious earth and pot- 
ash. When ground line, it is called 
powder-blue. It is used in the arts and 
in painting earthen-ware. 
Smeg'ma,afis.® [Gr. <rpijy/ia, “soap.”] 
The offensive soap-like substance pro- 
duced from the sebaceous follicles around 
the glam penis and prepuce. 
Smelling. [Olfac'tus.] That sense 
by which we perceive the odors of differ- 
ent bodies. 
Smell, llorbid. See Parosmis. 
Smilaceae,* smi-la'she-e. A natural 
order of endogenous plants (herbs or 
under-shrubs), found in the temperate 
and tropical parts of Asia and America. 
It includes Smi'lax, from several species 
of which the drug Sarsaparilla is pro- 
cured. 
Smi'lax, ac?».® [Gr. o/«AaJ, “bind- 
weed.”] A Linnaean genus of the class 
JJioecia, natural order Smilaceee. 
Smi'lax As'pe-ra.* The plant gene- 
rally supposed to produce Indian Sarsa- 
parilla. 
Smilax Officinalis. See Sarsapa- 
rilla, and Sarza. 
Smi'lax Sar-sa-pa-ri B 'la.* The 
plant known as Sarsaparilla, which see. 
Smooth. See Glabrous. 
Snake-Root, Vir-ginl-an. A com- 
mon name for the Aristolochia serpenta- 
ria. 
Sneezing. [Sternuta'tio, obits.] 
A convulsive action of the respiratory 
muscles, caused by irritation of some 
part of the lining membrane of the nos- 
trils; sternutation. See Reflex Action. 
Snoring, Snorting. See Stertor. 
Snow-Blindness. See Niphablep- 
sia. 
Soap, Castilian, Soap, Spanish. 
See Sapo Durus. • 
Soapstone. See Steatite. 
Sob'o-leS.® Originally, a young 
branch, an offspring. Any rudiment of 
a new branch. 
Sob-o-lif'er-ous. [Soholif'erus; 
from sob'oles, a “shoot,” and ferro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing shoots. 
So'cia (so'she-a) Pa-rot'I-dis.* 
509 (“Companion of the Parotid.”) The 
name of a second portion of the parotid 
gland which is frequently developed from 
the duet while on the masseter muscle. 
So'cial. [Socia'lis; from so'cius, a 
“companion.”] Applied to plants which 
grow gregariously, as grasses. 
Socotrine Aloes. See Aloe Soco- 
TRINA. 
So da.* (Fr. Sonde, sood.) (A word 
of Arabic origin.) The mineral alkali; 
the oxide of sodium. 
So'da Ilis-paii'I-ca.* (“Spanish 
Soda.”) Impure soda, or the impure 
mineral alkali of commerce. 
So'da, Mu-ri'ate of. The chloride 
of sodium. See Sodii Chloridum. 
Soda, Sulphate of. Sec Sodae Sul- 
phas. 
So'da, Tar'ta-rized. A name for 
the tartrate of potassa and soda (Potassx 
et soda; tartras). 
So'da Wafer. A beverage formed 
by a solution of the carbonate of soda 
in water, which is afterwards impreg- 
nated with more carbonic acid than is 
sufficient for saturation. 
So'dse A-ce'tas.* (“Acetate of 
Soda.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for a substance in white or 
colorless crystals, which effloresce in dry 
air, and are wholly soluble in water. 
So'dse Ilo'ras* (“Borate of Soda”), 
or Ba'rax. The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for a substance in colorless 
crystals, which slightly effloresce in dry 
air, and are wholly soluble in water. It 
is a mild refrigerant and diuretic. It is 
much used as a flux by workers in 
metals. 
So'da; Car-bo'iias.* (“ Carbonate 
of Soda.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for a substance in colorless 
crystals, which rapidly effloresce on ex- 
posure to the air, and fall into a white 
powder. It is an antacid, and much em- 
ployed in cases of acidity of the stomach 
and bowels. 
So'dse Phos'plsas.* (“ Phosphate 
of Soda.”) A substance in colorless, 
transparent crystals, which speedily efflo- 
resce when exposed to air. It is a mild, 
saline cathartic. Its taste resembles 
common salt, and it is therefore not 
likely to be rejected by delicate sto- 
machs, like the more nauseous medicines 
of this class. 
So'dse Sul'plias.* (“Sulphate of 
Soda.”) (Popularly known as Gfau'ber’s 
Salts.) The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for a substance in colorless crystals, 
SOC 
which rapidly effloresce on exposure to 
the air, and ultimately fall into a white 
powder. Sulphate of soda is one of the 
most efficient saline cathartics, nearly 
resembling in its general properties the 
sulphate of magnesia, or Epsom Salts; 
but the latter is less disagreeable to the 
taste, and is therefore more generally 
used. Sec Magnesia Sulphas. 
So'dse Sul'phis.* (‘'Sulphite of 
Soda.”) A substance in white, efflores- 
cent, prismatic crystals, soluble in four 
parts of cold, and in less than one part 
of boiling, water. It has been placed on 
the primary list of the Materia Mcdica 
of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for I860. 
So'dic. [So'dicus; from so'dium.] 
Applied to the second degree of oxida- 
tion of sodium, or sodic oxide. 
So'di-i f’hlo'ri-duiiP (“ Chloride of 
Sodium”), or Common Salt. The Phar- 
macopocial name for a white salt, perma- 
nent in the air, and almost equally solu- 
ble in cold and boiling water. It is 
astringent, tonic, and antiseptic. 
So'di-um.* The base of soda; a 
metal discovered by Davy in 1808, re- 
sembling potassium in its general cha- 
racters. It is soft, malleable, fusible at 
190°, and burns when heated in contact 
with air. Its specific gravity is 0.97. 
Softening'. See Ramollissement. 
Soft'en-ing of tlie Brain. [Lat. 
Mol! i'ties Cer’elbri; Fr.Ramollissement 
du Cerve.au, l'Amo'ldss'moN0' dii sen'vo'.] 
Sometimes applied to a fatty degeneration 
of the substance of the brain, sometimes 
to a sort of liquefaction. The causes of 
this affection are often obscure; hut in 
many instances it would seem to he pro- 
duced by embolism of the arteries which 
supply the brain. 
Soft Palate. See Palatum Molle. 
Sol.* The Sun, a name given to gold 
by the alchemists. 
Solanaeese,* so-la-na'she-e. An im- 
portant natural order of exogenous 
plants (herbaceous or shrubby), natives 
of all parts of the world except the arc- 
tic regions. Many of them are narcotic 
and poisonous. It includes the Sola'num 
tubero'sum (Potato), Sola'num, li/coper'si- 
cum (Tomato), Nicotiana (Tobacco), 
Atropa belladonna, and Capsicum (Ca- 
yenne Pepper). 
So-la-na'ceous. [Solana'cens, or 
Sola'ueus.] Resembling the Solarium. 
Sol'a-nin. or Sol-a-iiine. [Sola- 
ni'na; from Sola'num.) An alkali ob- 
tained, when pure, in the form of a 
white, opaque, and sometimes pearly 
SOL 
510 powder, chiefly from the Solatium dulca- 
mara. 
So-la'isum.* A Lin me an genus of 
the class Pentandria, natural order Sala- 
ts acese. 
Sola'nnm ©ul-ea-ma'ra.* The 
woody nightshade. 
Sola'num E.s-cu-len'tnmA (“Es- 
culent Solanum.”) The Solatium tubero- 
sum, or potato-plant. 
Solanum Foet'I-dnm.* (“Fetid 
Solanum.”) The Datura stramonium, or 
thorn-apple. 
Sola'num Iie-tha'le.* (“Deadly 
Solanum.”) Another name for the At'- 
ropa belladon'na, or deadly nightshade. 
See Belladonna. 
Sola'mitn Lig-no'sum.* (“ Woody 
Nightshade.”) Another name for the 
Solanum dulcamara. See DULCAMARA. 
Sola'num Ly-eo-per'sI-cnni.::: A 
synonym of the tomato, Lycopersicum 
esculent um. 
Sola'nnm Tu-be-ro'sum.* The 
systematic name of the potato-plant, the 
root (or rather tuber) of which is in gene- 
ral use as an article of food throughout 
the greater part of the civilized world. 
It is a native of America. 
So'lar. [Sola'ris; from sol, so'lis. 
the “sun.”] Pertaining to, or derived 
from, the sun ; measured by the sun : as, 
a solar day,—that is, the interval be- 
tween two successive arrivals of the sun 
on the same meridian. 
Solar Cycle. See Cycle. 
So'lar Plexus, j Plex us Sola'ris.] 
An assemblage of ganglia connected 
with the great sympathetic nerve, with 
interlaced and anastomosing filaments, 
and surrounding the two semilunar gan- 
glia of the abdomen. It gives off nu- 
merous filaments, which accompany, un- 
der the name of plexuses, all the branches 
given off by the abdominal aorta. 
Solar System. See System. 
Sdl'der, or saw'der. A substance, 
consisting of simple or mixed metals, by 
which metallic bodies are firmly united 
with each other. Bismuth is much used 
in the composition of soft solders. Plum- 
ber’s solder is an alloy of three parts of 
lead and one of tin. 
Sole of the Foot. See Solea. 
So'le-a.* [From so'lum, the “bot- 
tom.”] A Latin word signifying a “san- 
dal,” a “ slipper.” In Anatomy, the sole 
of the foot. See Planta, and Thenar. 
So'le-us.* [From so'lea, the “ sole- 
fish.”] Belonging to or resembling the 
sole of the foot. Applied to a muscle 
SOL 
which arises from the head of the fibula, 
etc., and is inserted into the os calcis. It 
extends the foot. It has also been named 
gustrocne'mius inter'nun. 
Solid. [Sol'idus.] Firm; substan- 
stial; not fluid or hollow. Applied to 
bodies the particles of which adhere 
together so firmly that they cannot be 
separated without some degree of force. 
A solid figure is that which has three 
dimensions, length, breadth, and thick- 
ness. Regular solids are those which 
are bounded by regular and equal planes. 
They are five in number, viz.: the tetra- 
hedron, hexahedron(or cube),octahedron, 
dodecahedron, and icosihedron, which 
are noticed under their respective alpha- 
betical heads. 
Sol-I-da'go.* Golden Rod. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
leaves of the Solida'go odo'ra, a plant of 
the natural order Composite. It is aro- 
matic, moderately stimulant, and car- 
minative. 
Solidism. See Solidists. 
Sol'I-dists. A sect in medicine who 
refer all diseases to a morbid change in 
the solid parts. They maintain that the 
solids alone are endowed with vital pro- 
perties. This theory is termed Solidism. 
Sol'ids. [From sol'idus, “solid.”] 
Applied to the bones, ligaments, muscles, 
nerves, and vessels of animals. 
Sol-I-dun-S'u-la'ta,* or Sol-i-dnn'- 
gu-lates. [From sol'idus, “solid,” and 
tm'gula, a “hoof.”] The same as Soli- 
dungula. Bee next article. 
Sol-I-dun'gu-lus.* [From the same.] 
Having solid hoofs. Applied in the plural 
neuter (Soli dun' gula) to a family of 
Mammifera, having only one hoof to each 
foot, or having the hoof whole, as the 
horse, ass, etc. 
Sol'I-ped. [Sol'ipes, p 'edis; from 
so'lus, “alone,” or “single,” and pes, a 
“foot.”] Synonymous with Solidungc- 
lus, which see. 
Sol'i-ta-ry Glands. [Gian'dulse 
Solita'rise.] Small, flattened, granular 
bodies found in the stomach and intes- 
tines. 
Soll-um.* A species of tape-worm. 
See Taenia Solium. 
Sol-L,u'nar lnflu-eiice. The in- 
fluence supposed to be produced on va- 
rious diseases when the sun and moon 
are in conjunction. 
Sol'stlce. [Solsti'tium; from sol, 
the “ sun,” and sto, to “ stand,” to “ stop.”] 
The time at which the sun is at its 
greatest distance from the equator, when 
SOL 
511 SOL 
sou 
it seems to stop In its course southward 
or northward, and to stand still for a few 
days, which occurs twice a year, the sum- 
mer solstice and winter solstice,—that is, 
about the 21st of June and 21st of De- 
cember. 
Solstitial, sol-stish'al. [SoLstitia'- 
lis.] Belonging to the solstice. 
Sol-u-bil'I-ty. [From sol'vo, solu'- 
tum, to “ loosen.”] Susceptibility of solu- 
tion in any menstruum. Substances are 
soluble in proportion as their particles 
have a stronger attraction for the fluid 
which constitutes the menstruum, than 
for each other. They are insoluble when 
their particles have a stronger attraction 
for each other than for the menstruum. 
Sol'u-ble. [Solu'bills; from the 
same.] Susceptible of solution. In Bo- 
tany, separating into parts. 
So'lusn.* A Latin word, signifying 
the “bottom,” or “ground;” also the 
“sole of the foot.” 
So-ln'tion. [Soln'tio, o'nis; from 
sol'vo, sold turn, to “loosen,” to “melt,” 
to “dissolve.”] The act of dissolving a 
solid body; the diffusion of the particles 
of a solid through a liquid; also, the 
state of a solid body which has been dis- 
solved. Applied also to any substance 
dissolved in a liquid. 
Solu'tion of <'on-ti-nii'i-ty. The 
breaking down, or division, of the skin 
and other textures by a blow, a cutting 
instrument, or ulceration. 
Solv. = Sol've.* “ Dissolve.” 
Sol'vent. [Sol'veils; from sol'vo, 
to “loosen,” or “dissolve.”] Applied to 
any liquor capable of dissolving bodies. 
So-ina-tol'o-gy. [Somatolo'gla; 
from avifia, cjjfiaro;, the “body,” and diyog, 
a “discourse.”] A treatise on the human 
body; anatomy. 
So-mn-tot'o-iny'. [Somatoto'inia; 
from ow/xa, nr.fxn.T0g, the “ body,” and ripvw, 
to “cut.”] The same as Anatomy, which 
see. 
Som-uaiii'bu-Iisiu. [Somnambu- 
lls'mus; from som'nus, “sleep,” and 
am'bulo, to “walk.”] Sleep-walking, or 
walking in one’s sleep ; aspeciesof dream- 
ing in which the bodily as well as the 
mental functions are affected. 
Som-nif'e-ra.® [The neuter plural 
of somnif eras. See next article.] Agents 
which cause sleep. 
Sem-nif'er-ous. [Somnif 'crus; 
from som'nus, “ sleep,” and fe'ro, to 
“bring.”] Causing or inducing sleep; 
hypnotic. Nearly the same as Soporif- 
erous, which see. 
Som'no-lence, or Som'no-len-cy. 
[Somnolen'tia;from som'nus, “ sleep.”] 
Sleepiness. 
Som'no-lent. [Soninolen'tus; 
from the same.] Sleepy; drowsy. 
Som'no-lisni. [From the same.] 
The somnolent state induced by the 
manipulations termed animal magnetism. 
Sonde, shxd. The French term for a 
Sound, which see. 
Son'i-tus.* [From so'no, son'itum, 
to “sound.”] A sounding, as in the 
ears. See Tinnitus. 
So-nom'e-ter. [Konom'etrum; 
from so'mts, “sound,” and n&po-j, a “mea- 
sure.”] An instrument for measuring 
the ratios of the vibrations of different 
sonorous bodies. 
Soot. See Fuligo Ligni. 
Soof'-Slrojis. Hysteric Mixture. 
Tincture of soot, consisting of wood- 
soot, assafoetida, and proof-spirit; used 
in hysteria. 
Soot-Wart. See Cancer Scroti. 
Sooty. See Fuliginous. 
So-phis-t l-ofi't ion. [Sophist ica'- 
tio, o'his ; from ao'piariKog, “sophistical,” 
“deceitful.”] Adulteration of a medi- 
cine, aliment, etc. 
So'pl-ens.® [From eo'pio, to “put to 
sleep,” to “ set at rest.”] Assuaging; 
anodyne: so'pient. 
So'por, o'ris.® Sound, deep, or pro- 
found sleep. 
So-po-rif'er-ons. [Soporif'eras; 
from so'por, “ sound sleep,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bring.”] Inducing sound or deep sleep. 
See Somniferous. 
So-po-rif'ic. [Soporif'icus; from 
so'por, “sound sleep,” and fa'do, to 
“make.”] Causing or inducing sleep. 
So'po-rons, or So-po-rose'. [Sopo- 
ro'sus, Sopo'rns; from so'por, “sound 
sleep.”] Causing deep sleep ; narcotic. 
Sor'bate. [Sor'bas, a'ti*.] A com- 
bination of sorbic acid with a base. The 
same as Malate. 
Sorbet, or Sorbetum. See Sherbet. 
Sor'bic. [Sor'bscus; from Sor'bus, 
the “mountain ash.”] Belonging to the 
Sorbus. A name sometimes applied to 
malic acid, which may be procured from 
its berries. 
Sor'bus Au-cn-pa'rl-a.* The sys- 
tematic name of the Mountain Ash, 
which is said to contain a large quantity 
of hydrocyanic acid. It is called Pyrus 
Aucuparia by some writers. 
Sor'deS.® Literally, “ filth.” Applied 
to the foul matter discharged from ulcers; 
also, to filth which collects on the teeth, 
512 son 
SPA 
more particularly in certain low fevers, 
to foul accumulations in the stomach, etc. 
Sore-Throat. See Cynanche. 
So'ri,* the plural of So'rus. Heaps, 
or patches, as those of the spore-cases 
of most ferns, called in English fruit-dots. 
So-ro'sis.® [From ocopos, a “collec- 
tion.”] A fleshy multiple fruit, like a 
mulberry. 
Sor'rel. A popular name applied to 
the Oxalis acetosella, and also to the 
Itumex acetosa. 
Sorns. See Sort. 
Soude, sood. The French name for 
Soda, which see. 
Soufre, soofR. The French name for 
Sulphur, which see. 
Soul. See Anima. 
Sound. [Lat. So'niis: Fr. Son, s&n0.] 
Tho effect produced on tho organ of hear- 
ing by tho vibrations of the air or other 
medium. 
Sound. [From the French sonder, 
to “fathom,” to “try the depth of the 
sea;” hence, to “try,” or “examine.”] 
An instrument for introduction through 
the urethra into the bladder, to ascertain 
whether a calculus be present. 
Soureil, The French name 
for “eyebrow.” See Supercilium. 
Sourd, soor. The French word for 
Deaf, which see. 
Sour-Poe St. The Itumex acetosa. 
Sous-clavifire, soo kl&'ve-eit'. The 
French term for Subclavian, which see. 
South'ern-wood, Tar-ta'rl-an. 
The Artemisia santonica. 
Soymida Febrifuga. Seo Swiete- 
nia Febrifuga. 
Sp. = Spir'itus.* “Spirit.” 
Spa, spa. A town in Belgium, near 
the Prussian frontier, celebrated for its 
mineral waters. The name is also ap- 
plied to other mineral springs. 
Spadiceous, spa-dish'us. [From spa'- 
dixj\ Bearing a spadix. 
Spa'dlx, i' ct»* [Gr. <nra<5iJ, a “palm- 
branch.”] A sort of fleshy spike, envel- 
oped by a large bract or modified leaf, 
called a spathe, as in Indian Turnip 
{Arum). 
Spain, Pellitory of. See Anthe- 
mis Pyrethrum. 
Spalter. See Spelter. 
Span. Tho length spanned between 
the thumb and little finger, equal to 
seven or eight inches. 
Spa-nje'inl-sj.* [From onavog, “poor,” 
and alpa, “blood.”] Poverty of blood; 
eachaemia. 
Spanish Fly. See Cantharis. 
Span'isli Mq'uo-rlce. A name for 
coarse or common liquorice; becaus* 
chiefly brought from Spain. See Gly- 
CYRRHIZA. 
Span ish White. A name for white 
bismuth; nitrate of bismuth. 
Spar. [From the German Spath?] 
A mineralogical term applied to certain 
crystallized substances which are easily 
broken into cubic, prismatic, or other 
fragments with polished surfaces. 
Spar, Fluor. See Fluor Spar. 
Spar, Heavy. A name for sulphate 
of baryta. 
Sparse. [Spar'sus; from spar'go, 
spar'mm, to “strew about,” to “sprin- 
kle,” to “scatter.”] Applied to flowers, 
leaves, etc. which are scattered and gene- 
rally scanty. 
Spar-si-flo'rous. [Sparsiflo'rus; 
from spar'sus, “ scattered,” and flos, a 
“flower.”] Having scattered or few 
flowers. 
Spar-si-to li-ate. jSparsifolia'tus; 
from spar sits, “scattered,” and fo'lium, 
a “leaf.”] Having scattered leaves. 
Spartium,* spar'she-um. [From 
mrapTtt, a “ rope.”] A Linnaean genus of 
the class Diadelpliia, natural order Legu- 
minosse. 
Spar'tium Jun'ce-mn.* Spanish 
Broom. A leguminous plant the seeds 
of which have been used in dropsy. 
Spar'tium Sco-pa'rl-um.* Tho 
former systematic name of the common 
broom-plant; now the Cyt' isus scopa' rius. 
Spasm. [Spas'mus; from amw, to 
“draw.”] The sudden, involuntary con- 
traction of muscles, or of muscular fibres; 
a convulsion, cramp. 
1. Constrictive Spasm is attended 
with contraction, rigidity, or both, as 
wry-neck, lock-jaw, etc. See Entasia. 
2. Clonic Spasm. [See Clonic.] A 
violent agitation of one or more muscles 
in sudden and irregular snatches, as hic- 
cough, sneezing, epilepsy, etc. 
3. Synclonic Spasm [Syn'clonus] is 
the simultaneous and chronic agitation of 
different muscles, as in St. Vitus’ Dance. 
4. Tonic Spasm consists in the con- 
stant contraction of a muscle, etc. 
Spasma. See Spasmus. 
Spasmatic. See Spasmodic. 
Spas'mi.* [Plural of spas'mus, a 
“spasm.”] Spasmodic diseases. The 
name of an order of the class Neuroses 
in Cullen’s Nosology. 
Spas-mo'deS.* [From airairpoi, a 
“spasm.”] Convulsive; having spasm 
or convulsion. 
513 Spas-mixl'ic. [Spasniod icus: from 
spas'mus, a “ spasm.”] Relating to spasm; 
convulsive. See Spasmatic. 
Spas-ino-dysp-nce'a.* [From spas'- 
mus, a “spasm,” and dyspnee'a.] Con- 
vulsive dyspnoea or difficulty of breath- 
ing. 
Spas-inal 'o-&y. [Spasmolo'gia; 
from aira-Tfia “spasm,” and Aoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] That branch of Pathology 
which treats of spasms or convulsions, 
their character and causes. 
Kpasinus Ca-ni'nus,* Spas'mus 
Cyn'I-cus.® (“ Canine Spasm.”) The 
Jlisus Sardonicus. See Sardonic Laugh. 
Spas'tie. [Spas'ticus; from enww, 
to “draw.”] Drawing to or from. Ap- 
plied to the contraction of muscles, etc., 
from disease. 
Spas'tl-csy..* [From the same.] Agents 
which increase the irritability of the 
muscles and induce spasm or convulsion. 
Spa-tlaa'ceous. [Spatha'ceus.] 
Having a spathe; of the character or 
nature of a spathe. 
Spathe, spaTH. [Lat. Spa'tha; Gr. 
oirafhj.] Originally, a spatula; a ladle. 
Applied to a sheath which completely 
encloses the flowers before their expan- 
sion ; the enveloping bract of a spadix, 
as in the Indian Turnip. 
Spatli l-llo'rus.* [From spa'tha, a 
“spathe,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing flowers surrounded by a spathe. 
Spathula. See Spatula. 
Spathulate. See Spatulate. 
Spat'u-la.* [Diminutive of spa'tha.] 
A broad instrument like a knife with 
blunt edges, for spreading ointments, etc. 
Spat'u-late. [Spatula'tus.] Shaped 
like a spatula. 
Spear-Mint. See Mentha Sativa. 
Spear-Shaped. See Lanceolate. 
Spes'ial Des-crip'tlve Biot'a-ny. 
A scientific account of all known plants, 
designated by proper names and distin- 
guished by clear and exact descriptions. 
Species,* spee'shXz. [From spe'cio, 
to “see to,” to “behold.”] Originally, a 
“form,” “likeness.” In Natural History, 
an assemblage or series of similar organic 
beings. A species is, abstractly, the 
type or original of each sort of plant or 
animal, represented in time by a peren- 
nial succession of like individuals; or, 
concretely, it is the sum of such series or 
congeries of individuals.—(Gray.) 
Spe-cif'ie. [Specif'lens; fromspe'- 
cies, and fa'do, to “make.”] Literally, 
“that makes or constitutes a species,” as 
in the phrase a “ specific difference.” 
SPA 
Relating to species; special. Often ap- 
plied to a medicine of supposed infallible 
efficacy in the cure of a particular species 
or form of disease; or to a remedy which 
has a special action on some particular 
organ,—for example, like that of ergot 
on the uterus. 
Specific Gravity. See Gravity. 
Spe-eil'Inin.* [From spe'cio, to 
“behold,” or “examine.”] A probe. 
Spes'I-men.* [From the same.] A 
Latin word signifying a “proof,” “in- 
stance,” “model,” etc. Applied to plants, 
animals, and minerals collected for sci- 
entific purposes; and to a part of any 
thing exhibited as a sample. 
Spec'ta-cled Snake. The Naja vul- 
garis, or Cobra de capello. 
Spec'trum.* [From spec'to, to “be- 
hold.”] A figure seen or imagined; a 
spectre. In Optics, a spectrum is an 
elongated image of the sun, or other lumi- 
nous body, formed on a wall or screen 
in a darkened room, by a beam of light 
received through a small aperture and 
refracted by a glass prism. It exhibits 
the colors of the rainbow. 
Spec'u-lar. [Npeeula'ris.] Belong- 
ing to the speculum. 
Spec'u-lum,® plural Spec'n-la. 
[From spe'cio, to “behold.”] Originally, 
a “mirror” of any kind. In Optics, a 
metallic mirror used in a reflecting tele- 
scope. In Surgery, an instrument for 
widening natural openings of passages, 
or keeping parts separate, so as to obtain 
a view of what is within. Applied also 
to a brilliant colored mark, forming the 
anterior borders of the tectrices of birds. 
Spec ulum Met al. An alloy of 
about two parts of copper and one of 
tin, used for making mirrors. Its white- 
ness is improved by the addition of a 
little arsenic. 
Speechlcssness. See Aphonia. 
Spel'trum.* (“Spelter.”) A name 
for native impure zinc. 
Sperm. See Sperjia. 
Sperm'-Cell. A cell contained in the 
liquor seminis, in which spermatozoa aro 
produced. 
Sper'ma,* gen. Sper'ma-tis. [Gr. 
cnripnQL, “seed,” or “semen;” Fr. Se- 
mencc, seh-moNss'.] Literally, “seed.” 
Sperm; the fecundating liquor in ani- 
mals. Also applied incorrectly to sper- 
maceti, a substance found in the head of 
some species of whales, and which con- 
cretes or crystallizes spontaneously on 
the death of the animal. 
Sper-ma-ce'ti. [From sper'ma, and 
SPE 
514 SPE 
SPE 
(oiros, the “whale.”] The same as Ceta- 
which see. 
SpermaloK'ia. See SpermAto^ugy. 
SperTsia-pJiore. [Fromaxlppa,“seed,” 
and <pop(M, to “bear.”] A name some- 
times applied to the placenta and some- 
times to the funiculus of the seed of a 
plant. 
Sper'ma-ta,* the plural of Sperma, 
which see. 
Spea’-uia-tlie'cn.® [From <mzppa, 
“ seed,” or “semen,” and O17/07, a “shrine.”] 
A repository in the upper part of the 
oviduct in female insects, for receiving 
the seminal fluid of the male. 
Sper-mat'ic. [Speriisat icns: from 
enreppa, axlpparog, “seed,” or ‘‘semen.”] Re- 
lating to the semen, or seed; seminal. 
Spermat'ic Ca-nal' (otherwise called 
the In'gul-nal Canal'). The oblique 
passage in the abdominal parietes 
through which is transmitted the sper- 
matic cord. The internal and external 
orifices of this canal are termed respect- 
ively the internal and external abdomi- 
nal (or inguinal) rings. 
Spermat'ic Cord [Fuxiic'ulns 
Sper mat'ieus], also termed Tes-tic'u- 
lar Cord. The cord by which the tes- 
ticle is suspended. It consists of the 
vessels and nerves which pass to and 
from the testis, enclosed in several tunics 
and the few muscular fibres (or muscular 
fascia) known as the cremaster muscle. 
Sper'ma-tin. [Spermati'na; from 
oirtppa, “seed,” or “semen.”] A substance 
obtained from the seminal fluid of animals. 
Sper' ma-tism. [Spermatis'mus; 
from mepptiri'ia), to “bear or produce 
seed.”] The emission of semen. Also, 
the doctrine which maintains that the 
germ in animals is produced by spermatic 
animalcules. See Spermatozoa. 
[From oxippa, 
“semen,” and kyiM, a “tumor.”] A 
swelling of the testicle, or epididymis, 
from an accumulation of semen. 
Sper'ma-to-clem'ma, atis* [From 
oxzppa, “semen,” and kXzxtoj, to “steal,” 
to “pass unobserved.”] Pollutio diurna, 
or involuntary escape of semen in the 
daytime. See Spermatorrhoea, and 
Spermatoiuhhea Dormientium. 
Sper'ma-to-derm. [Spermato- 
dcr'inaa, mis; from axeppa, “seed,” and 
Upna, the “skin.”] The outer covering 
of a seed, origina ly the primine of the 
ovule. 
Sper'ma-to-go'iii-a.* [From oxlppa, 
“semen,” anti yovp, “generation.”] Se- 
cretion of semen: spermatog'ony. 
Sp or-ma-tojf'ra-phj'. [Spo rm a- 
tojgra'phia; from oxippa, “seed,” and 
ypiiipto, to “ write.”] A description of seeds. 
Sper-ma-lol'o-sj'. [Spermatolo'- 
gia; from axcppa, “semen,” and 
\6yo;, a “discourse.”] That branch of 
Physiology which treats of the secretion 
and nature of semen. 
Sper' ma-to-po-et' ic. [Spormato- 
poet'icus, or Spcruiatopee'us; from 
axzppa, “semen,” and xodtn, to “make,” to 
“produce.”] Producing semen; also, 
promoting the secretion of semen. 
Sper' ma-tor-rhee'a.* [From oxtppa, 
“semen,” and /5oo, to “flow.”] An in- 
voluntary emission of semen without 
copulation. The same as gonorrhoea in 
the strict sense. 
SpennatorrlMe'a Itoriiiieiitiimi® 
(dor-me-en'she-um), called also €!ou-or- 
rlioe'a Oormien'tiisin.® (“ Seminal 
Emission of [those] Sleeping.”) An emis- 
sion of semen during sleep, most fre- 
quently the result of libidinous dreams, 
hut sometimes caused by nervous weak- 
ness, and occasionally by simple reple- 
tion of the seminal vessels. See Pollu- 
tion. 
Sper-ma-tos'-eltie-sis.* [From oireppa, 
“ semen,” and a-yeca;, a “ checking.”] Want 
or suppression of semen. 
Sper' nia-to-ze'mi-a.® [From cxcppa, 
“semen,” and (,npia, “loss.”] Cessation 
of the seminal secretion. 
Sper-ina-to-zo’a,® the plural of 
Spermatozoon, which see. 
Spermatozoids. See Spermato- 
zoon. 
Sper'ma-to-zo'on,* plural Sper'- 
■na-io-zo'a; also termed Sperma-to- 
zo'uls. [From axlppa, “semen,” and 
an “animal.”] Applied to nume- 
rous minute bodies discovered in the 
semen, formerly supposed to be animal- 
cula. They would seem to be analogous 
to the pollen-tubes of plants; they are 
considered by physiologists to constitute 
the essential or fecundating principle of 
the semen. 
Sper'mic, or Sper'mons. [From 
<nrippa, “seed.”] In Botany, relating to 
the seed. 
Sper-moVo-Se.*' [From oxlppa, “se- 
men,” and /TiAAco, to “ cast.”] The same 
as Spermatism, which see. 
Sper'mo-derm. [SperiRoder'ma, 
a'iy or Spennoder'mis, idis; from 
cTczppu, “seed,” and feppa, the “skin.”] 
The outer or proper seed-coat of a plant. 
Spennogonia. See Spermatogonia. 
Sper-siaol'I-thus.* [From oneppa, a 
515 “seed,” or “semen,” andXi'dof, a “stone.”] 
A fossil seed; a spermolite. Also ap- 
plied to an indurated concretion in the 
vesiculx seminnles. 
Sper-mor-rhee'a.* The same as 
Spermatorrhoea, which see. 
[Sjshacela'tus; 
from sphaq'elusi] Mortified. Pertaining 
to, or in the state of, sphacelus. 
Sphac-e-la/tion. [Spliacela'tio, 
o'nis; from sphacelus.] Mortification. 
Sphae-e-lis'mus.*' [From 
to “be affected with gangrene.”] In- 
flammation of the brain; also, mortifica- 
tion of some part. 
Sphac'e-loid. [Sphaceloi'des; 
from sphacelus, and clios, a “form.”] 
Resembling sphacelus. 
Sphat'e-lus.® [Gr. The 
complete death of apart; complete mor- 
tification. See SlDERATION. 
Sphaer-l-car'pus.* [From a 
“sphere,” and sapn6S, “fruit.”] Having 
spherical fruit: spliericarpous. 
Splise-rlc-n-Ia'tus.* [From mpaXpa, 
a “sphere.”] Approaching the form of 
a globe or sphere. 
Sphseroidalis. See Spheroidal. 
Splueroides. See Spheroid. 
S|)ha'-r» iii:i, atis.* [From o<j>aXpa, a 
“ sphere.”] A term for a globular, fleshy 
protuberance or tumor. 
Sphsc-ro-sper'inns.* [From atpaipa, 
a “sphere,” and anippa, “seed.”] Having 
round seeds: spherosper'mous. 
Sphe'noid. [Sphcnoi'des; from 
upnv, a “wedge,” and «&>,-, a “form.”] 
Resembling a wedge; cuneiform. 
Sphe-noi'dsyl. [Sphenoid alls; 
fromsphenoi'des os, the “sphenoid bone.”] 
Belonging to the sphenoid bone. 
Splie' no-pal 'a-tine CSan'gll-on. 
The largest of the cranial ganglia, situ- 
ated in the pterygopalatine fossa. 
Sphe-nop'te-rais.* [From apf/v, a 
“ wedge,” and irrspis, a “ wing.”] Having 
wings like a wedge: sphenopterous. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
Sphe'no - Sal-pin'go - Staph-y-li'- 
nus.* A designation of the circumjlexus 
palati muscle, from its connection with 
the sphenoid bone, Eustachian tube, and 
uvula. 
Sphe'no-Staph-y-li'nns.* [See 
Staphylixus.] A designation of the le- 
vator palati mollis, from its arising from 
the sphenoid bone and being inserted 
into the velum palati. 
Sphere. [Lat. Sphse'ra; Gr. abaXpa, 
a “globe.”] A solid body described by 
the revolution of a semicircle about its 
SPE 
diameter; or it may be defined to be a 
body bounded by a surface of which 
every point is equally distant from a 
single point within the surface, called the 
centre of the sphere. In Astronomy, 
the sphere is the concave expanse of the 
heavens, which, having no definite limits, 
appears to the eye as the interior surface 
of a sphere enclosing the earth, which 
seems placed at the centre. 
Sph$r'i-cal. [Sphieriealis; from 
the same.] Formed like a globe; globu- 
lar; pertaining to a sphere. 
Sphe'roid. [Spha^roi'des; from 
the same.] A solid generated by the 
revolution of an ellipse about one of its 
axes. If the generating ellipse revolves 
about its major axis, the spheroid is 
prolate, or oblong; if about its minor 
axis, the spheroid is oblate, as the planet 
Earth. 
Sphe-roi(l'al, or Splie-roid'tc. 
[Sphseroada'lis; from the same.] Re- 
sembling a spheroid. Applied to crys- 
tals bounded by several convex faces. 
Sphe-rom'e-ter. [ Sphserom'c- 
tmm; from otyaipa, a “sphere,” and pc- 
rpor, a “measure.”] An instrument for 
measuring the curvature of a surface, 
chiefly that of optical glasses. 
Sph€r'nle. [Sphser'iila; diminu- 
tive of sphse'ra, a “sphere.”] A little 
sphere; a round, oblong, or conical eon- 
ceptacle opening at the top by slits or 
pores. 
Spliinc'ter, e'rit.* [From mj>iyy<i>, to 
“bind tight,” to “close.”] A circular 
muscle which contracts the aperture to 
which it is attached. 
Spliinc'ter A'ni.* (“Sphincter of 
the Anus.”) A thin layer of muscular 
fibres surrounding the anus like an el- 
lipse is termed sphincter ani extern us; 
another layer embracing the lower ex- 
tremity of the rectum is called sphincter 
ani hit emus. 
Sphine'ter O'ris.* (“Sphincter of 
the Mouth.”) A name for the orbicula'ris 
o'ris muscle, situated round the mouth. 
Sphyg'mI-cal. [Sphyg'mScas; 
from a(j>vypos, the “pulse.”] Belonging 
to the pulse. 
Spliysr-mo'des.* [From the same.] 
Having a pulse: sphygmous. 
Sphyg-m©g''ra-pEiy. [Sphygmo- 
gra'phia; from <rtpuypd;, the “pulse,” and 
ypa<tx», to “ write.”] A description of the 
pulse, its nature and causes. 
Sphyg'moid. [Sphygmoi'des; 
from <rj>vyp6s, the “pulse,” and ciSo;, a 
“form.”] Resembling the pulse. 
8 PH 
516 SPII 
SPI 
SplijK-molo-ij. [Sphygmolo'- 
gia; from the “pulse,” and Xdyoj, 
a “discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of the pulse. 
SpBuyg-inoin'e-ter. [Sphygmoin'- 
etrum; from aQvygfa, the “pulse,” and 
girpos, a “measure.”] An instrument for 
measuring the frequency of the pulse; 
or, according to Iloblyn, an instrument 
which renders the action of the arteries 
apparent to the eye. 
Sphyg-mos'co-pe,® or Sphyg-mo- 
Kco'pi-a.* [From the “pulse,” 
and aKmibi, to “examine.”] An explora- 
tion or examination of the pulse, or of 
different pulses: sphygmoscopy. 
Splayg-ano-sco'pl-um.* [From the 
same.] A sphygmoscopc, an instrument 
similar to the Sphygmometer, which see. 
Sphjg-nio-teeh'ne.® [From mpvy- 
jiog, the “pulse,” and an “art.”] 
The art of examining the pulse. 
Spi 'ca.® A Latin word signifying an 
“ ear of wheat.” Applied to a mode of in- 
florescence. (See Spike.) In Surgery, a 
bandage somewhat like an ear of wheat 
or barley in shape. 
Spi'cate. [Spica'tus; from spi’ca, 
a “ spike.”] Relating to, or disposed in, 
a spike. 
[From spi'ca, a 
“spike,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers disposed in spikes. 
Spi'fi-form. [Spicifor'mis; from 
spi'ca, a “spike.”] Having the form of 
an ear or spike. 
[Spacig'erus; from 
spi'ca, a “spike,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing ears or spikes. 
Spic'u-la,* plural Spic'u-lse. [Di- 
minutive of spi'ca, a “ spike.”] A little 
spike; a spikelet. Also applied to a 
needle-like splinter or fragment, as of 
bone, etc. Sec Acicula, and Spikelet. 
Spic'ii-la?,* gen. Spic-n-lst'rum, the 
plural of Spicula, which see. 
Spic'u-lar. [Spicula'rts; from 
spic'ula, a “spikelet.”] Belonging to a 
spikelet, or like a spicula. 
Spic-n-lif'er-eus. [Spiculif'erus; 
from spic'ula, a “spikelet,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Having flowers disposed in 
spiculse. 
Spl-ge'lLa.* [From Spige'lius, a 
potanist.] Pinkroot. A Linnaaan ge- 
nus of the class Pentandria, natural order 
Uentianaccse. Also, the Pharmacopoeia! 
name (U.S. and Ed. Ph.) for the root of 
Sp'tjclia Marilandica. 
Spige'Iia Mar-I-lan'dl-ca.® The 
Indian or Carolina pink; also called 
Sjnge'lia lonice'ra. It is extensively used 
as an anthelmintic. 
Spigelian Lobe. See Lobules Spi 
GELII. 
Spike. [From spi'ca, an “ear of 
corn or wheat.”] A prolonged indefinite 
inflorescence, with sessile flowers, as in 
the plantain and wheat. A spike is the 
same as a raceme, except that the flowers 
are sessile. 
Spike'let. [Spic'nla.] A little 
spike. A secondary spike; the ultimate 
flower-cluster of the grasses. 
Spike'nanl. A perfume and stimu- 
lant medicine procured from the Nar'dus 
In'diea (or Nardos'tachgs Jataman' si), an 
Indian plant. 
Spike -Stalk. [Rha'chis.] The re- 
ceptacle of the florets in spikelets of 
grasses, or of the spikelets themselves. 
Spi-lo'nya, a(ts,® plural Spi-lo'ma- 
ta. [From tnriXof, a “stain,” a “blem- 
ish.”] Another name for N,evus Ma- 
ternus, which see. 
Spi'na,* plural Spi'iire. Originally, 
a “thorn,” a “prickle.” The spine. Also 
applied to one of the spinous processes. 
See Spine. 
Spina Bifida. See Sciiistorrhachis. 
Spi'na Ven-to'sa.* A disease in 
which matter is formed in a bone, ex- 
pands its walls, and makes its way out- 
ward, sometimes insinuating itself into 
the cellular substance so as to render iV 
soft and flabby, as if filled with air. See 
Arthrocace. 
Spi'nae,* the plural of Spina. See 
Spine. 
Spi'nal. [Spinalis; from spi'na, 
the “spine.”] Pertaining to the spine, 
or backbone. Also, belonging to or con- 
nected with the spinous processes. 
Spi'nal Cen'tre. Applied by M. Hall 
to the spinal marrow, regarded as dis- 
tinct from the nerves proceeding from it. 
Spi'nal Ckord. The Spinal jVIar- 
row, which see. 
Spinal Column. See Vertebral 
Column. 
Spi'nal Har row. [Medulla Spi- 
nalis.] The medullary substance con- 
tained in the spinal or vertebral column; 
the spinal chord. 
Spi'nal Mcn-in-gi'tis. A term 
applied to the inflammation of the me- 
ninges, or membranes which enclose the 
spinal marrow. 
Spi’nal of Serves. Ap- 
plied to those nerves which issue from 
the spinal marrow considered independ- 
ently of the ganglionic or cerebral sys- 
517 terns. Those which convey impressions 
of irritation from the surface of the body, 
or from mucous surfaces, to the true 
spinal marrow, called Incident,—and 
those that convey motor phenomena from 
it, named Reflex spinal nerves. 
Spi-na'lis Dor'si.* (“Spinal [Mus- 
cle] of the Back.”) A muscle of the 
back which, with its fellow, forms an 
ellipse enclosing the spinous processes 
of all the dorsal vertebra). 
Spi'nate. [Spina'tus; from spi'na, 
a “thorn.”] Having thorns; or shaped 
like a spine or thorn. 
Spindle-Shaped. See Fusiform. 
Spine. [Lat. Spi'na; Fr. Epine, 
&'p£n'.] A thorn, or rigid prickle pro- 
ceeding from the woody part of a plant. 
Also applied to a process or projection 
of bone, and hence to the backbone or 
vertebral column, on account of its nu- 
merous spines or projections. 
S pi-lies'ven ee. [S pinesceii't ia; 
from spi'na, a “thorn.”] The state or con- 
dition of a surface covered with thorns. 
Spi-nes'vent. [Spines'cens; from 
the same.] Becoming hard and thorny; 
tipped with a spine. 
Spi-nif'er-ous. [Spinif'eras: from 
spi'na, a “thorn,” andfe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing spines. 
Spi-nl-fo'li-ous. [Spinifolia'tus; 
from spi'na, a “ thorn,” and fo'Hum, a 
“leaf.”] Having spinous leaves. 
Spi'nl-form. [Spinifor'misi; from 
spi'na, a “thorn.”] Having the form of 
spines. 
Spi-nig’er-us.* [From spi'na, a 
“thorn,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] The 
same as Spiniferous, which see. 
Spin'ne-rets. The minute teats, or 
maimnillx, of the Arachnides. See Fusus. 
Spin'ne-rules. [From the same.] 
Innumerable minute tubes with which 
each spinneret of the Arachnides is 
studded, every one of which emits a 
thread of inconceivable fineness. 
Spi-no-car'pous. [Spinoear'pn*; 
from spi'na, a “thorn,” and sapKog, 
‘‘fruit.”] Having spinous or prickly 
fruit. 
Spinous, or Spl-nose'. [Spimo'- 
sus; from spi'na, a “thorn.”] Having 
thorns or spines; thorny, or shaped like 
a thorn. 
Spin-tBie-ris'mus.* [From (nrtrOn- 
pi”«o, to “emit sparks.”] The sensation 
of an issuing of sparks from the eyes: 
spintherism. The same as Scintilla- 
tion, which see. 
Spin-tlie-rom'e-ter. [SpintSie- 
SPI 
roin'etrnm; from anwOhp, a “spark,” 
and pirpor, a “measure.”] An instrument 
for determining the size, power, and 
shock of electrical sparks. 
Spin-the-ro'pl-a.* [From tmrQhp, 
a “spark,” and t!kp, sjirdg, the “eye.”] A 
morbid state of vision, in which there is 
an appearance of sparks or scintillations 
before the eyes. 
Spin-Bi-Iaf'er-ons. [%iniilif'eriis; 
from apin'ula, a “ little spine,” and J'e'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing or having small 
spines. 
Kpin-u-lose'. jSpiiiulo'siis; from 
spin'u/a, a “little spine.”] Having small 
spines: spinulous. 
Spiracle. See Spiraculum. 
Spi-rac'u-la,* the plural of Spi- 
raccliim, which see. 
Spi-ra«'ii-lum,* plural Spi-rac'ti- 
la. [F rom spi'ro, to “breathe.”] A 
Latin word signifying a “breathing- 
hole,” or a “vent.” A spiracle. Applied 
to the respiratory pores of the skin. Pro- 
posed by Latreille as a term instead of 
stigma, to designate the exterior orifices 
of the trachea) of insects. 
Spi-rae'a.* Hardhaek. The Pliar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. Pli.) for the root 
of the Spine'a tomento'sa. It is tonic and 
astringent, and is sometimes used in 
diarrhoea, cholera infantum, etc. 
Spi'ral. [Spira'lis; from spi'ra, a 
“ coil,” or “ spire;” a “ wreath.”] Wind- 
ing like the worm of a screw; winding 
round a cylinder and at the same time 
rising or advancing. Applied to a curve 
which winds around a point in successive 
convolutions. In Geometry, anarnc given 
to a class of curves distinguished by this 
general property, that they continually 
recede from a centre or pole, while they 
continue to revolve about it. 
Spiral Arrangement of Leaves. 
See Phtllotaxis. 
Spi'ral ISaisilage. The common 
roller applied spirally round a limb. 
Spi'ral Ves'sels, or Spi'ral Detcts. 
Membranous tubes with conical extremi- 
ties, lined on the inside by a fibre twisted 
spirally and capable of unrolling with 
elasticity. They constitute a part of the 
vascular tissue of plants of the higher 
grades, and are often filled with air. 
Spirit. See Spiritus. 
Spar'it of Saif. Muriatic, or hydro- 
chloric, acid. 
Spir'it of Wine. Re«'ts-Sed. A 
name for alcohol. 
Spir'it of Wine, Wealt'er. [Spir’> 
itus Ten'uior.J A name for proof- 
SPI 
518 SPT 
spirit, half the strength of rectified 
spirit. 
Spir-I-tu-o'sa et AE-the're-a.* 
(“Spirituous and Ethereal [Substan- 
ces].”) A class of powerful and diffu- 
sible stimulants, including ardent spirits, 
wine, beer, and the ethers. 
Spir'it-u-ous. [Spirituo'sus; from 
spir'itus, “spirit.”] Having spirit, or 
full of spirit. 
Spir'I-tus.® [From spi'ro, to 
“ breathe.”] The air received and dis- 
charged by the action of the lungs; the 
breath. Also, the soul, or spirit. (See 
Anima.) Also, spirit, alcohol, or a liquor 
containing a large proportion of it. 
Spir'itus /E'the-ris Foan-pos'I- 
tus.* (“Compound Spirit of Ether.”) 
Hoffmann’s Anodyne. Take of ether, half 
a pint; alcohol, a pint; ethereal oil, six 
fluidrachms. Mix them. A very popu- 
lar remedy both as an anodyne and anti- 
spasmodic. 
Spir'itus AE'tEieris Jfi'tri-ci.® 
IMitric ether. See next article. 
Spir'itus AE'tSaeris Wi-tro'si.® 
(“'Spirit of Nitrous Ether.”) Spir'itus 
.AE'tlseris Ni'tri-ci,® 1850. Commonly 
called Sweet Spir'it of Jfi'tre. The 
Pharmacopceial name for a volatile in- 
flammable liquid, of a pale-yellow color 
inclining slightly to green, having a fra- 
grant ethereal odor free from pungency, 
and a sharp, burning taste. It is diapho- 
retic, diuretic, and antispasmodic, and is 
much used in febrile affections, especially 
such as arc accompanied with nervous 
excitement. 
Spir'itus oE'tSieris Sul-pliu'rl-ci.* 
(“Spirit of Sulphuric Ether.”) (Fr. 
Esprit il’Ether sul/urique, es'piu)' differ/ 
siil’fu'rek'.) Sulphuric ether. The 
of the United States and British Pharma- 
copoeias. It is a powerful diffusible 
stimulant and narcotic. It is very ex- 
tensively employed as an anesthetic. See 
Etiii:r, Sulphuric. 
Spir'itus Am-aao'ni-a;.® (“ Spirit of 
Ammonia.”) The Pharmacopceial namo 
(U.S. Ph.) for the preparation formerly 
known as ammoniated alcohol. It con- 
sists of a solution of caustic ammonia 
in diluted alcohol. It is stimulant and 
antispasmodic. 
SpJr'itMS A-ni'si.® (“Spirit of 
Anioe.”) Take of oil of anise, a fluid- 
ounce : stronger alcohol, fifteen fluid- 
,>unces. Dissolve the oil in the stronger 
alcohol. 
Spir'itus 'Tsiin'plio-rse.* (“ Spirit of 
Camphor.' ) Tiuotu'raCam'piiorae,*' 
1850. (“Tincture of Camphor.”) Take 
of camphor, four troy ounces; alcohol, two 
pints. Dissolve the camphor in the alco- 
hol, and filter through paper. 
Spir'itns Clilo-ro-formi.* (“ Spirit 
of Chloroform.”) Take of purified chlo- 
roform, a troyounce; stronger alcohol, six 
fluidounces. Dissolve the chloroform in 
the stronger alcohol. 
Spir'itus Ciii-na-mo'mi.® (“ Spirit 
of Cinnamon.”) Take of oil of cinnamon, 
a fluidounce; stronger alcohol, fifteen 
fluidounces. Dissolve the oil in the 
stronger alcohol. 
Spir'itus Fru-men'ti.® (“ Spirit 
of Grain.”) Whiskey. The name ap- 
plied to the spirit obtained from fer- 
mented grain by distillation, and con- 
taining from forty-eight to fifty-six per 
cent, of absolute alcohol. It has been 
placed on the primary list of the Materia 
Medica of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 
1860. 
Spir'itus Gal'II-cus.® (“ French 
Spirit.”) A name for brandy. 
Spir'itus .Sa-mai-$en'sis.* (“Ja- 
maica Spirit.”) A name for rum. 
Spir'itus Ju-nip'e-ri Coiu>j)osl- 
tus.® (“Compound Spirit of Juniper.”) 
Take of oil of juniper, a fluidraehm and 
a half; oil of caraway, oil of fennel, 
each, ten minims; diluted alcohol, eight 
pints. Dissolve the oils in the diluted 
alcohol. 
Spirit us I. a-vail'd u-iav® (“Spirit 
of Lavender.”) Take of lavender, fresh, 
twenty-four troyounces; alcohol, eight 
pints; water, two pints. Mix them, and, 
with a regulated heat, distil eight pints. 
Sgtir'itiis Fa van'(tula: Com-pos'i- 
tus.* (“Compound Spirit of Lavender.”) 
Take of oil of lavender, a fluidounce; 
oil of rosemary, two fluidrachms; cin- 
namon, in moderately fine powder, two 
troyounces; cloves, in moderately fine 
powder, half a troyounqp; nutmeg, in 
moderately fine powder, a troyounce; 
red saunders, in moderately fine powder, 
three hundred and sixty grains; alcohol, 
six pints; water, two pints; diluted al- 
cohol, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve 
the oils in the alcohol, and add the water. 
Then mix the powders, and, having 
moistened the mixture with a fluidounce 
of the alcoholic solution of the oils, pack 
it firmly in a conical percolator, and 
gradually pour upon it the remainder of 
the alcoholic solution, and afterwards 
diluted alcohol, until the filtered liquid 
measures eight pints. 
Spir'itus Fi-mo'nis.*' (“ Spirit of 
SPI 
519 Lemon.”) Essence of Lemon. Take of 
oil of lemon, two fluidounces; lemon- 
peel, freshly grated, a troyounce; strong- 
er alcohol, two pints. Dissolve the oil 
in the stronger alcohol, add the lemon- 
peel, macerate for twenty-four hours, 
and filter through paper. 
Nplr'itus Men tha Pip-er-i'tse.® 
(“Spirit of Peppermint.”) Tinc-tu'ra 
O'lc-i Mentha Piperi'tae,® 1850. 
(“Tincture of Oil of Peppermint.”) Es- 
sence of Peppermint. Take of oil of 
peppermint, a fluidounce ; peppermint, in 
coarse powder, one hundred and twenty 
grains; stronger alcohol, fifteen fluid- 
ounces. Dissolve the oil in the stronger 
alcohol, add the peppermint, macerate 
for twenty-four hours, and filter through 
paper. 
hpir'ltns Men'tha VIr'I-dis.® 
(“Spirit of Spearmint.”) Tinc-tu'ra 
O'le-f Menllue Vir'itlis,® 1850. 
(“ Tincture of Oil of Spearmint.”) Es- 
sence of Spearmint. Take of oil of spear- 
mint, a fluidounce ; spearmint, in coarse 
powder, one hundred and twenty grains ; 
stronger alcohol, fifteen fluidounces. Dis- 
solve the oil in the stronger alcohol, add 
the spearmint, macerate for twenty-four 
hours, and filter through paper. 
Spiritus Minilereri. See Minde- 
reri, Simritus. 
Spir it us Myr'cl-ae* (“Spirit of 
Myrcia”), or Bay Bum. The name 
applied to the spirit obtained by distil- 
ling rum with the leaves of the Myrcia 
acris. It has been placed on the primary 
list of the Materia Mcdica of the U.S. 
Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Spiritus My-ris’ll-v®.* (“ Spirit 
of Nutmeg.”) Take of nutmeg, bruised, 
two troyounces; diluted alcohol, eight 
pints; water, a pint. Mix them, and, 
with a regulated heat, distil eight pints. 
Npir'itus Rec-ti-fl-ca'tus.® (“ Rec- 
tified The Pharmacopoeia! 
name (Br. Ph.) for dilute alcohol of the 
specific gravity 0.838, containing sixteen 
per cent, of water. 
Kpir’itus Sae'eha-rk- (“Spirit of 
Sugar.”) A name for Rum, which see. 
Spir'itns Ten'u-I-or.* (“Thinner 
or Weaker Spirit.”) Proof-spirit. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (Br. Ph.) for di- 
luted alcohol of the specific gravity 
0.920, which contains forty-nine per cent, 
of pure alcohol. 
Spir'itus Vi'lii Gal'll-ci.® (“ Spirit 
of French Wine.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for brandy, or the spirit 
obtained from fermented grapes by dis- 
SPI 
filiation, and containing from forty-eight 
to fifty-six per cent, of absolute alcohol. 
Spi-ro-i'deS.® [From spi'ra, a “coil,” 
or “spire.”] Resembling a spire or 
screw: spi'roid. 
Sl»I-roin'e-ter. [Sjjirom'etrnm; 
from spi'ro, to “breathe,” and ycTpov, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for ascer- 
taining the quantity of air inhaled or 
exhaled by the lungs. 
Spi-rom'e-try. [Spirome'l ria; 
from spi'ro, to “breathe,” and perpseo, to 
“measure.”] The system or means of 
ascertaining the quantity of air employed 
in respiration, etc. 
Spissatus. See Inspissated. 
Spis'si-tude. [SpissiSti'do, inis; 
from spis'sus, “thick.”] Thickness, or 
density. 
Spitting of Blood. See Haemop- 
tysis. 
Spittle. See Saliva, and Sputum. 
Splaiieti'nic. [Splanch'iiiciis; 
from m:\ayxvou, a “viscus.”] Pertaining 
to the viscera. 
NplaneliHio Cav'I-ties. A term 
applied to the cavities of the cranium, 
chest, and abdomen. 
Splanchnic Nerve. See Tri- 
Splanchnic Nerve. 
Kplaiicli'nlc Nerves. [Ner'vi 
SplancU'nici.] These are two in num- 
ber on each side, distinguished into the 
great, which passes behind the stomach 
and terminates in the semilunar gan- 
glion, and the small, which communi- 
cates with the former and terminates in 
the renal ganglion. 
Splaneli'ni-ca.* [From mr'Xdyxi'ov, a 
“viscus,” or “bowel.”] Applied by Dr. 
Good as the name of an order comprising 
diseases of the viscera directly concerned 
in the function of digestion. 
Splanvli-nog'ra-pliy. [Splancli- 
lsogra'pliia ; from c~\ayxi’ov, a “ viscus,” 
and ypd(j>(o, to “write.”] A description 
of the viscera; that part of Anatomy 
which treats of the viscera. 
Splanch-iiori-lhus.* [From enrXayx- 
vov, a “viscus,” and Xido5, a “ stone.”] In- 
testinal calculus: a splanch'nolith. 
Splancli-nol'o-gy. [Splanchno- 
lo'g’ia; from a-\dy\vov, a “viscus,” and 
\6yog, a “discourse.”] A treatise on the 
viscera; the science which treats of the 
structure and functions of the viscera. 
Splaneh - no - sco' pi - a.® [From 
ovXdyxi’ov, a “viscus,” and oko-tIm, to “ex- 
amine.”] An exploration of the viscera: 
splanchnos'copy. 
Splaiivh-iio-sy ni'pa-thy. [Splaneh* 
SPL 
520 srL 
SPL 
liosympathi'a; from <mXdyxvov, a “vis- 
cus,” ftndawfrmfla.'i, “fellow-feeling.”] The 
sympathy of the viscera among them- 
selves, or of a viscus with other parts. 
S pi a neli-no t 'o-iny. j Splanelino- 
to'mia; from <nr\dyxi/OJ, a “viscus,” and 
TfHWJ, to “cut.”] Dissection of the vis- 
cera. 
Spleen. [Lat. Splen, e'nis, ILi'en, 
e'nis; Gr. <rr\ijv; Fr. Hale, ritt.] A 
purple, or livid-colored, viscus in the 
left hypochondriac region. Its function 
has not yet been ascertained. It would 
seem to have a close connection with the 
system of lymphatics, and to be inti- 
mately concerned in the development of 
blood. Also, a popular term for hypo- 
chondriasis, a form of melancholy, sup- 
posed to have its seat in the spleen. 
Spleenwort. See Asplenium. 
Sple-nnl'g’i-a.* [From o-rX/jr, the 
“spleen,” and dXyoj, “pain.”] Pain in 
the region of the spleen. 
Sple-naux'e.* [From mrXiiv, the 
“spleen,” and aipj, “increase.”] En- 
largement of the spleen. 
Splen-ec-to'pi-a.® [From errhiv, the 
“spleen,” U, “out,” and rawy, a “place.”] 
Dislocation or displacement of the spleen. 
Splen-el-co'sis.* [From <nth)v, the 
“spleen,” and tX/coxns, “ulceration.”] 
Ulceration of the spleen. 
Spie-iiclcns." [From <rr\fjv, the 
“spleen,” and iX*5y, an “ulcer.”] An 
ulcer of the spleen. 
Splen-ein-pltrax 'is.®' [From o-r\dv, 
the “spleen,” and “obstruc- 
tion.”] Obstruction or congestion of 
the spleen. 
Spleu'e-tie. [Splenet'im.] Re- 
lating to, or affected with, the spleen; 
fretful; splenic. See Splenic. 
Sple'nl-al. [Splenia'lis; from 
sple'ninm, a term denoting a “ compress,” 
sometimes applied to a splint.] Applied 
by Owen to the opercnlaire of Cuvier, a 
subdivision of the mandible in cold- 
blooded vertebrated animals. See Tym- 
panum AN niBULAR ARCH. 
Splen'ic. [Splen'ieu*; from arrXcc, 
the “spleen.”] Pertaining to the spleen. 
Splen I-ca.* [From the same.] Medi- 
cines which affect the spleen. 
Splen-l-fl-ca'tion. [Splenifiea'- 
ti», o'nis; from <7—Xrii-, the “spleen,” 
and fa cia, to “make.”] The conver- 
sion of the lung nr liver, etc., into a sub- 
stance like that of the spleen. 
Sple’nl-ons. [Sple nitis: from the 
same.] Pertaining to, or resembling, 
the spleen. 
Sple-ni'tis, idis.* [From <m\rjv, the 
“spleen.”] Inflammation of the spleen. 
A genus of the order Phleymasiee, class 
Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Sple'ni-mn.* [Said to have heen 
originally applied to a plaster of a cer- 
tain description used hy those sick of the 
spleen.] A compress; a splint. Also, 
Asplenium, or Spleenwort. 
S|)le'nwis.<:' [See preceding article.] 
A muscle of the back, resembling the 
spleen: it is single at its origin, and 
divides into the spleniun capitis and the 
sji/enius colli, which have distinct inser- 
tions. According to some, the splenii 
muscles are so named from their lying 
like surgical splints (see Splenujm) along 
the side of the neck. 
Splen-I-xiVtion. [Spleniza'tio, 
o'ubi; from the same.] Applied to the 
state of the lungs in one of the stages of 
pneumonia in which their texture re- 
sembles that of the spleen. Compare 
Hepatization. 
Sple-no'<leS.* [From anXrjc, the 
“spleen.”] Having the spleen; of the 
nature of the spleen. 
Splen-o-«iyn 'I-a.* [From <nrMv, the 
“spleen,” and dlvvri, “pain.”] Pain in 
the spleen. 
Sple-nog'ra-plijL [Splenogra'- 
plsia: from cxX>jr, the “spleen,” and 
yi-doo), to “ write.”] A description of the 
spleen. 
Splen-o-lur'inl-a." [From mrXrjv, 
the “spleen,” and alya, “hlood.”] San- 
guineous congestion, or hypereemia, of 
the spleen. 
Splenoid. [Splenoi’des: from 
c-r\ni', the “spleen,” and dios, a “form.”] 
Itesembling the spleen. 
Sple-nol 'o-gy. [Splenolo'sia; 
from <tt7Xi7J/, the “spleen,” and Xoyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] The doctrine of the spleen ; 
that branch of Anatomy (or Physiology) 
which treats of the spleen. 
Sple-no'ma, a tit,* or Sple-non'- 
cus.« [From <nr\ijti, the “spleen,” and 
oy*o>, a “ tumor.”] Tumor of the spleen. 
Splenonialacla,® splen-o-ma-la'- 
she-a. [From mr\im, the “spleen,” and 
ndXaida, “softness.”] Softening of the 
spleen. 
Sple-not'o-myL [Splenoto'mia; 
from airXfic, the “spleen,” and nyvi», to 
“cut.”] Dissection of the spleen. 
Sple-ny-per-tro'plii-a.* [From 
<nrkiiv, the “spleen,” and hypertro'phia.] 
Hypertrophy, or morbid enlargement, 
of the spleen: similar to splenoncns. 
Splint. [Lat. Hastel'la; Fr. Pelisse, 
521 SPL 
SPO 
&'kl6ss'.] A thin piece of wood, tin, or 
pasteboard, used to retain fractured 
bones in apposition during the process 
of reunion. 
Splint -Hone. A name sometimes 
applied to the fibula, from its resem- 
blance to a surgical splint. 
Split (’lotli. [Scis'snm J„in- 
teum.] A bandage for the head, con- 
sisting of a central part and six or eight 
tails or heads. 
SpoilH-mene. [From eitoSita, to “re- 
duce to ashes.”] A crystalline mineral 
found in laminated masses, consisting 
chiefly of alumina and silica and lithia. 
Before the blowpipe it exfoliates into little 
scale? of an ash-color: hence its name. 
Spoil-ily-Sfil gi-a.® [From ovrorh'Ao;, 
a “vertebra,” and aAyo;, “pain.”] Pain 
in a vertebra. 
Spon-djMar-thri'tls, idis.* [From 
<nr6i/ii>\o;, a “vertebra,” and arthri'tia.] 
Inflammation of an articulation of the 
vertebras. 
Spon-dy-lar-throc'a-$e.* [From 
ctomIuXo,-, a “vertebra,” and arthroc'ace, 
a form of caries.] Caries of a vertebra. 
Spon-dy-lex-ar-tlirosiw.® [From 
cnouinXo;, a “vertebra,” and exarthro''sis, 
“ luxation.”] Dislocation of a vertebra. 
Spon-dy-li'tis, \dia.* [From mivfo- 
\o;, a “vertebra.”] Inflammation of one 
or more of the vertebras. 
Spoii-dy-lo-dynT-a.® [From cmh- 
<5)Ai;, a “vertebra,” and d'vv»/, “pain.”] 
Pain in the body of a vertebra. 
Spon-dy-lo-py-o'sis.* [From <nr6»- 
<5uAo;, a “vertebra,” and pyo'aia.] A for- 
mation of pus in a vertebra. 
Spim'ilj-lns.* A vertebra; also, 
the vertex or top of the head. 
Sponge, spunj. [See Spoxgia.] An 
organic, porous, marine substance, for- 
merly supposed to be produced by 
minute animals termed Polypi. Some 
naturalists, however, consider sponge as 
a plant. According to the proposed 
classification of Messrs. Wilson and 
Cassin, the sponge is referred to a new 
kingdom, termed Prim alia, which see. 
Sponge'-Tent. The Spoxgia Pra:- 
parata, which see. 
Sf»on'£I-a,* plural Spon'gl-se. [Gr. 
oxrJyyo;, or arroyyid; Fr. Eponge, sPp6xzh'.] 
Sponge. The Pharmacopoeia! name (U.S. 
Ph., 1850) for Spongict officinalia. Applied 
in the plural to an order or division of 
organized bodies. See Spoxge. 
Spoil'gia The 
common sponge. 
Spon'gia Praep-a-ra'ta* (“Pre- 
pared Sponge”), or Spon'gia Oe-ra'ta* 
(“Waxed Sponge”). Sponge dipped 
into melted wax and pressed between 
iron plates, then, when cold, cut in 
pieces of any shape for dilating small 
openings, the wax melting by the heat 
of the part, and thus allowing the sponge 
to expand; sponge-tent. 
Spon'gi-se,* the plural of Spoxgia. 
Spongiform, spun'je-form. [Spon- 
gifor'inis; from apon'gia, a “sponge.”] 
Having the appearance of sponge. 
Spon-gi-o'dos.* The same as Spox- 
giose. 
Spon'gi-ole. [Spongi'oliun; dimi- 
nutive of apon'gia, a “ sponge.”] Applied 
to a supposed expansion of the cellular 
tissue at the extremity of each radicle, 
terminating the root. But according 
to Gray, “the so-called spongioles or 
spongelets have no existence.” 
Spon'gl-ose. [Spongio'sus; from 
apon'gia, a “ sponge.”] Having pores 
like sponge; spongy. 
Spongoid, spong'goid. [Spongoi'- 
des; from onoyyo;, a “sponge,” and udo;, 
a “form.”] Resembling sponge. 
Spongy, spun'je. Resembling a 
sponge; of the nature of sponge. 
Spoii-tsi'nc-oiis. [Spoil ta'neus; 
from spon'te, “of one’s own will.”] Act- 
ing or growing of itself; voluntary. 
Applied to any physiological phenome- 
non which takes place without external 
agency. 
Sposi ta'neons Coin-luis'tion 
[ComJnis'tio Spontanea], or I*re- 
ter-nat'u-ral Conilnis'tion. A phe- 
nomenon which is said to have some- 
times occurred in hard drinkers, espe- 
cially those that were fat. In such Dr. 
Traill is stated to have found a consider- 
able quantity of oil in the serum of the 
blood. Some are of opinion that the 
combustion may bo absolutely sponta- 
neous, while others maintain that it is 
necessary that the body should bo 
brought into contact with an ignited 
substance. 
Spo-rad'ic. [Sporad'icus; from 
enrhpb>, to “sow.”] Applied to diseases 
that are not epidemic, but attack ono 
or at most but a few persons at a time, 
from causes peculiar to each case. In 
Botany, widely dispersed. 
Spor-ait-gid'i-uin.* [Diminutive 
of sporangi'wn, a “spore-case.”] A lit- 
tle seed-vessel; also, the coliimnella of 
mosses. 
Spor-an-gi'o-lmn.* [Dimin stiva 
of aporangi'um.] A small capsule sou' 
522 SPO 
ST 
taining a certain number of spores in a 
sporangium. 
Sj>or-an-&i'um.* [From <nopa, a 
“seed,” and ayyciov, a “vessel.”] A 
spore-case, or membranous capsule con- 
taining the spores of eryptogamous 
plants. 
Spore. [Lat. Spo'ra; Gr. trrropa, a 
“seed.”] A body in eryptogamous 
plants, which is analogous to the seed 
of the pheenogamous. A spore, in most 
cases, consists of a single cell. 
Spor-I-diff'er-us.® [From sporid'- 
ium, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
sporidia. 
Spo-rM'i-uin.® [From spo'ra, a 
“ spore.”] A body resembling a spore, 
occurring in algaceous plants. 
Sp6r'o-carp. [From emopa, a “ seed,” 
or “spore,” and vapri%, “fruit.”] A kind 
of sporangium, or spore-case. 
Spor'o-gens. [From enropa, a “ spore,” 
and yewaoj, to “produce.”] A division of 
endogenous plants which produce spores 
instead of seeds. 
Spo-roph'o-rous. [Sporoph’orus; 
from airopa, a “seed,” and </>rp<o, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or containing seed or spores. 
Spo-ropla'o-ruin.* [From the same.] 
A name for the placenta of a plant. 
Spo'rule. [Spor'ula; diminutive 
of spo'ra, a “ spore.”] A small spore. 
Spor-n-lif'er-ous. [Spornlifer- 
ns; from sqjor'ula, a “sporule,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing sporules. 
Sprain. [Lat. Sufoluxa'tio, o'nis; 
Fr. Foulure, foo'lur.'.] (Originally, 
Strain, from tho Latin sirin'go [Fr. 
etreindre], to “bind,” to “draw tight.”) 
The sudden shifting of a joint farther 
than the natural conformation of bones 
and ligaments allows, yet not so as to 
produce dislocation. 
Spreading. See Diffcsits, and 
Patulous. 
Spruce Fir. The Pinus alies. 
Spt. == Spir'i tus* “ Spirit.” 
[From spumes'co, to 
“begin to foam” (from spu’ma, “froth,” 
or “foam”).] Frothy, foaming, or froth- 
like. 
Spu'mose. The same as Spumes- 
CEXT. 
Spur. A term applied in Botany to 
any tubular projection of a flower, etc. 
Spnrge Ol'ive. A common name 
for the Daphne Mezereum, which see. 
Spurred. [Faleara'tns.] Bearing 
a spur. Applied to petals. 
Spu'ta,* gen. Spu-to'rum, the plu- 
ral of Sputum, which see. 
Spu'tum.® [From sjm'o, sqm'turn, to 
“spit.”] (Fr. Cmchat, ki?fl,’sh3/.) Saliva; 
also, the matter which is expectorated or 
coughed up from the chest. 
Nqua'lor, o'ri*.* Unclcanness, filthi- 
ness, or an appearance of dejection and 
disorder, as from sickness or confine- 
ment. 
plural Squama-. Lite- 
rally, a “scale.” Applied in the plural 
to an order of skin-diseases. 
Sqtiii'mate. [Squania’tns; from 
squa'ma, a “scale.”] Having scales; 
scaly; or resembling scales. 
[Sqaaniif'cr- 
ns; from squa'ma, a “scale,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing, or covered with, 
scales. 
Squa-naS-iVli-ns.* [From squa'ma, 
a “scale,” and fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing leaves in form of imbricated scales: 
squamifo'lious. 
Sqna'mi-form. [^quamifor’mis; 
from squa'ma, a “scale.”] Having the 
form or appearance of scales. See Lep- 
idoid. 
Squa-niig'er-us.':s [From squa'ma, 
a “scale,” and ge'ro, to “bear.”] The 
same as Squamiferous, which see. 
8qiia-iuo'sal. [Squamo sas; from 
squamo'sapars, the “ squamous portion.”] 
Applied by Owen to the homologues of 
the squamous portion of the temporal 
bone. 
Squa-mose', or Sqna'mons. 
[Squnmo'sus; from squa'ma, a “scale.”] 
Relating to, or resembling, a scale; hav- 
ing scales; scaly. 
Squa'mous Su'ture. [Sutu'ra 
Squamo'sa.] The suture which unites 
the squamous portion of the temporal 
bone to the parietal. 
Squam' u-la.* [Diminutive of 
squa'ma, a “scale.”] A small scale; a 
squamule. 
Squain'u-lose. [Squaniulo'sus; 
from squam'ula, a “small scale.”] Cov- 
ered with small scales: squa'mulous. 
Sqnar-rose'. [From sqnar'ra, a 
“small scale”?] A term applied to scales 
or leaves which spread widely from the 
axis on which they are crowded. 
Squar'ru-lose. Diminutive • of 
Squarrose. 
Squill. [Squil'la.] The Scilla 
maritima, or sea-onion. See Scilla. 
Squinting'. See Strabismus. 
Ss. = He'mis.* “A half.” 
St. = Stet,* or Stent.* “Let it (or 
them) stand,” i.e. let it remain un- 
changed. 
523 STA 
STA 
Stac'te.* [From to “distil.”] 
A name for the myrrh, because it distils 
or drops from the tree. 
Sta'di-um.* A Latin word signify- 
ing a “race-course,” or a measure of 
length. In Medicine, a stage or period 
of a disease; as, stadium calo'ris (“stage 
of heat,” or hot stage), stadium frig'oris 
(cold stage). See Stage. 
Staff. A carved and grooved steel 
instrument introduced through the ure- 
thra into the bladder, for lithotomy, 
Stage. [Lat. Sta'dium; Fr. Etage, 
At&zh'.] The period of a disease. Ap- 
plied especially to the periods of an in- 
termittent; viz. the hot, cold, or sweat- 
ing stage. 
Stag'ma.* [From studio, to “ distil.”] 
Any distilled liquid or liquor. 
Stng-na'tion. [Slag-na'tio, ©'hi* ; 
from slag'no, stagna'tum, to “stand,” as 
water in a pond.] A stoppage or re- 
tardation of the circulating fluids in any 
portion of the body. 
Sta-lac'tic. [Stalac'ticus; from 
to “flow by drops.”] Flowing 
or oozing by drops; also, relating to a 
stalactite. 
Sta-lac'tlte. [Stalacti tes; from 
the same.] A conical concretion of car- 
bonate of lime attached to the roof of 
calcareous caverns, and formed by the 
gradual dropping of water holding the 
lime in solution. 
Stal-ac-tit'ic, or Stal-ac-tit'I-cal. 
[Stalactit'icus.] Relating to stalac- 
tites, or of the nature of stalactites. 
Sta-lag'mite. [Stalagini'tes: from 
stalag'mus, a “distillation.”] A stalac- 
titic formation of carbonate of lime 
found on the floors of calcareous caverns. 
Sta-lag'inus.® [From oniX<i$a>, to 
“drop,” to “distil.”] A distillation. 
Formerly applied to a dropping of blood, 
as from the nose, etc. 
Stalk. [C'au'lis.] The stem of a 
herbaceous plant, or of a flower, a leaf 
or leaflet. 
Stalked. Furnished with a stalk or 
stem. 
Stalk'let. A diminutive or second- 
ary stalk. 
Sta'men, inis,* plural Stam'i-na. 
[Gr. oTiiiihiv.'] Literally, “ warp,” or the 
stronger threads in weaving. Also, any 
thread: hence applied to the male organ 
of a flower, from its resemblance to a 
thread. It consists of the filament and 
anther. It is one of the essential organs 
of a flower. 
Stam'I-na.* [Plural of sta'men.] 
Literally, the “warp,” or “strength,” of 
the vital tissue: lienee, vigor of con- 
stitution. Also, the first principles of 
any substance. 
Stain'I-iml. [ Slamiiia'lis.] Per- 
taining to the stamen. 
Stam'I-nate. [Prom sta'me».] Fur- 
nished with, or relating to, stamens; 
also, containing stamens without any 
pistil. Applied to flowers. 
Sta-min'e-al. [Stainin'eus; from 
sta'men.] Having stamens: stamineous. 
Stam-I-u if'er-ouM. [Stain ini f'er- 
us; from sta'men, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or having stamens. 
Stam-I-no'dl-a,* the plural of Stam- 
inodium, which see. 
Stam-I-n©'dl-um,* plural Slami- 
no'dia; from sta'men, and ilios, a 
“form.”] An altered and sterile stamen. 
Stam'mer-ing. j Ralbu'ties, 
Btlasifas. n't is, or iNolIis'nms. ] 
Interrupted articulation, caused either 
by emotion or reflex action. 
Stan'dard. A banner, or ensign; 
applied to the vexillum, or upper petal, 
of a papilionaceous flower. Also, a crite- 
rion, test, or measure, to which some- 
thing is referred: thus, the standard of 
comparison for gases is atmospheric air; 
that for solids and liquids is water. 
Stan'iiitte. [Stan'nas, a't/s.] A 
combination of stannic acid with a base. 
Stan'ni Pul'vis.* (“Powder of 
Tin.”) Granulated tin: used as a remedy 
for the tapeworm. 
Stau'nic. [Stan'nicus; from «(««'- 
nnm, “ tin.”] Belonging to tin. Ap- 
plied to the peroxide of tin, as if it were 
an acid, because soluble in alkalies. 
Stan-nif 'er-ous. [Stannif crus; 
from stan'num, “tin,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or containing stan- 
num, or tin. 
Stan'num.*' Tin. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name for powder or filings of tin. 
See Tin. 
Stan'num Fo-li-a'tum.*' (“ Foliated 
Tin.”) Tin-foil. An alloy composed 
chiefly of tin, with a small portion of 
lead. 
Sta-pe'dI-ns.*' Belonging to the 
stajies. Applied to a muscle arising from 
the interior of the pyramid and inserted 
into the neck of the stapes. 
Sta'pes, edis.* Literally, a “ stirrup.” 
One of the ossicnla of the internal ear. 
Stapli-i-sa'grl-a.* [From cra<pi?, a 
“vine,” and uypioj, “wild.”] The Phar- 
macopceial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) for 
the seeds of Delphin'ium staphisa'gria, 
524 STA 
STE 
[Gr. ara^vXij, a “grape.”] 
The uvula. 
Staphyleaceae,* sta-fi-le-a'she-e. 
[From Staphy'lea, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, found in Europe, Japan, and 
America. 
Wajih-j-liiiUN.? [From staph'yle, 
a “ grapealso, the “ uvula.”] Be- 
longing to the uvula; applied to mus- 
cles: staph'yline. 
Staph-y-li'tis, idis.* [From staph'- 
yle, a “grape;” or the “uvula.”] In- 
flammation of the uvula. 
SIapli-)-l(!MU''ma, atis.* [From 
staph'yle, a “grape,” or the “uvula,” 
and cede'ma.\ (Edema, or morbid en- 
largement, of the uvula. 
Staph-y-lo'ma, a tis.* [From oraip- 
vXh, a “ grapethe “ uvula.”] A disease 
of the eyeball, in which the cornea 
loses its transparency, rises, and even 
projects beyond the eyelids, like a 
pearl-colored tumor. 
Stapli-y-lop-to'sis.* [From staph'- 
yle, the “uvula,” and pto'sis, a “fall- 
ing.”] A falling down or elongation of 
the uvula. 
Staph-y-lor'rlm-phy. [Stapliy- 
lorrha'phia; fromc-ra/xiAi?, the “ uvula,” 
and paph, a “suture.”] The operation 
of securing by suture the lips of a cleft 
uvula. 
Stapli-y-lo'sis.* The growth or 
progress of staphyloma. 
Nlapli-y-lot o-iny. [Staphyloto'- 
mia; from staph'yle, the “uvula,” and 
rcpm>, to “cut.”] The cutting off of a 
portion of the Uvula, which see. 
Star. See Stella. 
Star-like. See Asteroid, and Stel- 
late. 
Starch. [Lat. Am'yliim, and Fec'- 
nla; Gr. a/i»Aoi/; Fr. Amklon, &'m£'di>N°'.] 
One of the commonest proximate princi- 
ples of vegetables. It is characterized 
by its insipidity, and by insolubility in 
cold water, in alcohol, and in ether. 
Pure starch is a white powder without 
taste or smell. Starch is one of the most 
important and most universal of the 
contents of cells, and is most abundant 
in the internal or subterranean parts, 
concealed from the light, as roots, tubers, 
and seeds. It is the form in which 
nourishing matter is stored up in the 
plant for future use, in this respect re- 
sembling the fat of animals. 
Sta'sis.® [From "iarr\pi, to “ stand.”] 
A standing or settling in a place or part, 
as the blood at death. 
Stat/fe, or Slat'I-cal. [Stat'icus*, 
from arards, “ standing,” or 'iarripi, to 
“stand.”] Having the power of keeping 
in a stationary condition. Applied by 
some writers to the physical phenomena 
exhibited in organized bodies, as contra- 
distinguished from the organic or vital. 
Stat'I-ce.* Marsh Rosemary. The 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of the Stat'ice Limo'nium, variety 
Carolinia'na. It is astringent and anti- 
septic. 
Stat'ics. [Stat ica; from arards, 
“standing,” or umifa, to “stand.”] That 
part of Mechanics which relates to 
bodies considered as in a state of rest, 
or to the conditions under which several 
forces applied to a rigid body mutually 
destroy each other. 
Sta tion. [Sta'tio, o'nis; from sto, 
sta'tum, to “stand,” to “abide.”] Pri- 
marily, the act (or position) of standing. 
In Botany, the locality or kind of situa- 
tion in which a plant naturally grows. 
Sta-tls'tics. [From sta'tus, a “state,” 
“co»dition.”] The science which exhi- 
bits the state or condition of a country 
or nation, principally in relation to its 
extent, population, productions, indus- 
try, etc. 
Stat'ure. [Statu'ra; from sto, 
sta'tum, to “ stand.”] The height of the 
human figure in a standing posture. 
Ntnu-ro-pliylTus.* [From aravpog, 
a “ cross,” and (jxXXov, a “ leaf.”] Hav- 
ing leaves opposed crosswise. 
Staves-a'cre. The Delphinium 
Staphisagria, which see. 
Steam. [Va'por.] The elastic fluid 
into which water is converted by the 
continued application of heat. A cubic 
inch of water forms about seventeen 
hundred cubic inches of steam. See 
Vapor. 
Ste'ar,* gen. Ste'a-tis. £Gr. a nap.] 
Originally, “solid fat.” The same as 
Sevum, which see. 
Ste'a-rate. [Ste'aras, a'fis.] A 
combination of stearic acid with a base. 
Ste-ar'ic. [Stear'ieus; from crrcap, 
“solid fat,” or “tallow.”] Pertaining 
to fat. Applied to an acid obtained 
from it. 
Ste-ar'I-form. [Stearifor'mis: 
from the same.] Having the appear- 
ance of fat; fatty. 
Stc'a-rine, or Stc'a-rin. [Stcari'- 
na; from the same.] That part of oils 
and fats which is solid at common tem- 
peratures. 
Ste-a-ro-co-no'tum.* [From or lap, 
525 STE 
STE 
“solid fat,” and kovis, “ dust,” or “pow- 
der.”] A peculiar, yellow, pulverulent 
fat, found in the brain-mass, and said 
to contain phosphorus and sulphur. 
Xle-a-ni|ili'ii. [Stearoptenum; 
from erreap, “solid fat,” and 7rn?</<k, “vola- 
tile.”] The concrete or solid portion of 
volatile oils. 
lias, n'tin.] A combination of stey.ro- 
ricinic acid with a base. 
Ste-a-ro-rl-cin'ie. [Stearoriciii'- 
icus.] Applied to one of three acids 
produced during saponification of the 
O'lenm ri<;' ini, or castor oil. 
Ste'a-tas.* The same as Stearas. 
See Stearate. 
Ste-at'i-cus.* The same as Steari- 
cus. See Stearic. 
Ste'a-tine, or Ste'a-tin. A name 
for Stearin, which see. 
Ste'a-tine. [Steati'mis; from artap, 
crriaTo“ solid fat.”] Consisting of fat. 
Ste'a-tite. [Steati'tes; from the 
same.] A variety of talc; soapstone; 
a kind of unctuous stone. It is a hy- 
drated silicate of magnesia and alu- 
mina. 
[From errrap, arlans, 
“ solid fat,” and /ojXrj, a “ tumor.”] A 
fatty tumor in the scrotum. 
Steatoconotuni. See Stearocono- 
tum. 
Ste-sy-to'cles.* [From 7riap, arcaro,, 
“ solid fat.”] Fatty, or full of fat. 
Ste-a-to'ma, atis.* [From the same.] 
An encysted tumor containing a fatty 
substance: a ste'atome. 
Ste-n-toni a-tous. [Steatomato'- 
sns; from steato'ma.] Of the nature of, 
or belonging to, steatoma. 
Ste-a-tor-rlioe'a.* [From crlap, 
oTtaro;, “solid fat,” and pioj, to “flow.”] 
A fatty dejection from the bowels. 
Ste-a-to'sis.* The progress or for- 
mation of steatoma. 
Steel. [tTia'lybs, ybi«.] The best, 
finest, and closest-grained forged iron, 
combined with carbon by a particular 
process. It is less malleable than iron, 
but harder, more elastic, and less liable 
to rust. See Acies. 
Steel Mix'ture. The same as the 
Mistura Ferri Composita, which see. 
Steg-no'sis.* [From anyrden, to 
“constrict,” or “ make costive.”] Stric- 
ture or contraction of the pores and 
vessels; also, constipation. 
Stel'la.* A Latin word signifying a 
“ star.” Applied to the rosettes of 
mosses. 
Stellar. [Stella'ris; from stel'la, 
a “ star.”] Relating to a star; starry. 
Stel-la'tae.* [Feminine plural of 
Stella'tus, “starred,” or “stellate.”] A 
natural order of plants, also known by the 
name of Galiaceas, which see. 
Stellate, or Stellat-cd. [Stella'- 
tus; from stel'la, a “star.”] Radiated 
as a star; star-shaped; arranged in rays 
like the points of a star. Applied to 
flowers, leaves, etc. Applied also to a 
bandage or roller wound crosswise on 
the back. 
Stel-lif'er-oits. [Stelllf'erns; from 
stel'la, a “star,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Having or bearing stars, or parts resem- 
bling a star. Applied to plants. 
SteHi>forin. [Stellifor'mis; from 
stel'la, a “star.”] Having the form of 
a star. 
Stel-li£'er-ns.* [From stel'la, a 
“ star,” and ge'ro, to “ bear.”] The 
same as Stelliferoixs, which see. 
Stel-li-ncr'vl-us.* [From stel'la, a 
“star,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] Having 
stellated or radiated nervures. Applied 
by Mirbel to leaves the nervures of which 
depart from the middle or centre of the 
lamina. 
Stelln-la.* [Diminutive of stel'la, 
a “star.”] A little star, or foliaccous 
disk, which in certain mosses terminates 
the stems and contains the male flowers: 
a stel'lule. 
Stelln-lae Ver-hey'ni-i.® (“ Stars or 
Stellated Spots of Yerheyne.”) A term 
applied to the stellated plexuses of veins 
on the surface of the kidney. 
Ktel'lu-Iate. [Steiliila'tus; from 
stei'lula, a “little star.”] The diminutive 
of Stellate. Having leaves arranged 
in stars. 
Stem. [Cau'lis, or Sti'pes.] The 
stalk of an herb, flower, leaf, or fruit; 
the stock or trunk of a tree; the ascend- 
ing axis of a plant,—i.e. the part which 
grows in the opposite direction from the 
root. The stem is one of the funda- 
mental or universal organs of vegetation. 
Its leading peculiarity is, that it is formed 
of a succession of similar parts (inter- 
nodes) developed one upon the summit 
of another, each having its own inde- 
pendent growth. Each developing in- 
ternode lengthens throughout its whole 
body, unlike the root, which elongates 
continuously from its extremity alone. 
Stem'less. [Acau’lis.] Having no 
stem, or none that is obvious. 
Stem'lct. A little stem. Also, the 
first internode of the plumule. 
526 Stenocardia. See Angina Pectoris. 
Sten'o-don, on'fis.*' [From trreros, 
“narrow,” or “close,” and ddovj, a 
“tooth.”] Having narrow teeth. 
[From 
“ narrow,” “ close,” and ypdi/ico, to “write.”] 
Tho art of short-hand, otherwise termed 
ta chyg raphy. 
Ste-nol'o-bus.*' [From arsi/dj, “ nar- 
row,” and XotSog, a “lobe.”] Having nar- 
row lobes. 
Sten-o-pet'a-lns.* [From arerds, 
“narrow,” and mraXov, a “petal.”] Hav- 
ing narrow or linear petals. 
Sten-o-pliyl'lus.* [From or twos, 
“narrow,” and <j>vXXor, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing narrow or linear leaves. 
Nte-nopter-us. [Fromcrrrroj, “nar- 
row,” and nrepov, a “wing.”] Having 
narrow wings: stenopterous. Applied 
to plants. 
Ste'no’s (or Ste'non’s) Duct, The 
parotid duct; a small white tube passing 
from the parotid gland and opening in 
the mouth, discovered by Steno. 
Ste-no'sis.® [From orf«5<o, to “ make 
narrow,” or to “ contract.”] A contracted 
condition of a viscus, or vessel; as of the 
heart, or the larger vessels near it. 
Sten-o-sto'inl-a.* [From“nar- 
row,” and o~pa, a “mouth.”] Contrac- 
tion of the i) >uth in consequence of some 
wound or disease. 
Sten-o-tho'rax, a'cis.® [From arerdf, 
“narrow,”and 0 pa\, the ‘‘chest.”] Hav- 
ing a narrow chest. 
Steppes, steps. (Russian.) The name 
given to the vast system of plains found 
in Asia, especially in Siberia, somewhat 
resembling the prairies of North America. 
Ster-co-ra/ceoits. [Stercora'ceus; 
from ster'cus, ster'eoris, “ ordure.”] 
Applied to vomiting when feces or alvine 
excrements are mingled with the er/esto. 
Ster-co-ra'lis,* or Ster-eo-ra'rl- 
us.® [From the same.] Applied to 
plants that grow upon excrements or 
dung. 
StcMu-H-a'ce-a.® [From Stercu'lia, 
one of the genera.] A synonym of a 
natural order of plants, also called Bom- 
bacea, which see. 
Ntt'r-cl-ns iia llta.® [From orepcof, 
“solid,” and eXpivs, a “worm.”] The 
name applied to two species of intestinal 
worms which have no true abdominal 
cavity, and are therefore termed solid. 
These are the Tse'nia so'lium and the 
Jiothrioeeph'alus la'tus. 
Ste-re-o-dy-nam'ics. [Stercody- 
nam'ica; from arepsu,, “solid,” and 
STE 
Uva/jus, “power.”] A branch of Physics 
which explains the laws of the move- 
ment of solid bodies. 
St£r-e-om'e-ter. [See next article.] 
An instrument used for determining the 
specific gravity of solid bodies, porous 
bodies, and powders; and sometimes also 
of liquids. 
St£r-e-o«n'e-try. [Stercome'tria; 
from arspcos, “solid,” and pcrptw, to “mea- 
sure.”] The art of measuring solid 
bodies. 
vSte-re-o-phjll'lus.* [From orepeos, 
“ solid,” and ipvXXor, a “ leaf.”] Having 
solid or firm leaves : stereophyl'lous. 
St€r'e-o-scope. [Stereosco'pium; 
from <TTt[>c6s, “solid,” and gkottcw, to “sec,” 
to “observe.”] An instrument by which 
two similar pictures (one being presented 
to each eye) are so disposed that tlio 
combined representations appear as one, 
and the different objects are seen in re- 
lief, as if they were solid. 
St#r-e-o-stat/ics. [Stereostat 'ica ; 
from arepcos, “solid,” and larripi, to 
“stand.”] That part of Physics which 
treats of the equilibrium of solid bodies. 
Ste-rig'ma.* [From cT-qpiiw, to 
“make firm or fast.”] Literally, 'a 
“base,” or “foundation.” Applied in 
Botany to the adherent base or down- 
ward prolongation of a decurrent leaf. 
StSr'Ile. [Ster'ilis.] Affected with 
sterility : barren. 
Ster'iie Fiow'er. A flower which 
has no pistil. 
Ster'ile Sta men or Fil'a-ment. 
That which is destitute of an anther. 
Stc-ril'I-ty. [Steril'itas, n'tix; from 
ster'ilis, “barren.”] Inability, whether 
natural or the result of disease, to pro- 
create offspring. 
Ster'nal. [Sterna'lis.] Belonging 
to the sternum. Applied by Dr. Barclay 
as meaning towards'the sternum. 
Stcr-mil gi-a.; [From ster'nnm. tho 
“breastbone,” and fiXyos, “pain.”] Pain 
in the sternum. 
Ster'no - Clei-tlo - Mas-to-i'de-us.* 
A muscle arising by two origins from 
the summit of the sternum and the 
sternal portion of the clavicle, and in- 
serted into the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone. It turns the head to one 
side and bends it forward. 
Ster'no-Hy-o-i'«le-us.* A muscle 
arising from the sternum and inserted 
into the os hyoides. It depresses the 
larynx, and furnishes a fixed point for 
the depressors of the jaw. 
Ster'noid. [Sternoi'des; from 
STE 
527 ster’num, and«ft)5, a “form.”] Resembling 
the sternum. 
Ster'iio-Tliy-ro-i'«Ie-us.* A muscle 
arising from the sternum and inserted 
into the thyroid cartilage. It draws the 
larynx downwards. 
Ster num.* [Gr. aripvov.] The ob- 
long, flat bone at the fore part of the 
thorax: the breast-bone; also termed Os 
pec'toris. Also, the median line of the 
pectus, or inferior surface of the trunk 
of insects. 
Ster-nu-men'tum,* or Ster-nu-ta- 
men'tum.* [From ster'nuo, sterna'- 
turn, to “ sneeze.”] Sneezing. Also ap- 
plied to a substance which causes sneez- 
ing ; a snuff or a sternutatory medicine. 
Ster-nu-ta'tion. [Sternuta'tio, 
o'nis; from sternu'to, sternuta'tum, to 
“sneeze often.”] The act of sneezing; 
more particularly, frequent sneezing, 
which sometimes amounts to such excess 
as requires medical treatment. 
Ster-nu'ta-to-ry. [Sternu tato' rI- 
ns; from the same.] Causing to sneeze. 
Ster'tor, o'rts.* [From ster'to, to 
“snore.”] (Fr. llonflement, rf>N®'f’l-moN®'.) 
The loud grating sound produced in the 
lift-ynx from the breathing being ob- 
structed by accumulation of mucus in 
the air-passages, or otherwise. Also 
applied to the snoring in natural sleep 
caused by relaxation of the velum palati. 
Ster'to-rous. [Stertoro'sus.] Be- 
longing to, or of the nature of, stertor. 
Ste-tbse'ml-a.* [From arrjQos, the 
“chest,” or “breast,” and alpa, “blood.”] 
Accumulation of blood in the vessels of 
the lungs. 
Ste-thocli'y-sis.* [From crrjOo;, the 
“chest,” and xwns, a “pouring,” or “effu- 
sion.”] The same as Hydrothorax, 
which see. 
Ste-thom'e-ter. [Stethom'etrum; 
from orijflof, the “ chest,” and per par, a 
“ measure.”] An instrument for measur- 
ing the external movement in the walls 
of the chest, as a means of diagnosis in 
thoracic disease. 
SttGli-o-pa-ral'y-sis.® [From arhdos, 
the “chest,” and paral'ysisj] Paralysis 
of the muscles of the chest. 
St£th'©-scope. [Stellioscopium; 
from ari)do;, the “breast,” and owoireto, to 
“observe,” to “examine.”] A tubular 
instrument of various size, form, and 
material, for ascertaining the state of the 
respiration, or of the heart’s action, as 
affected by disease. 
SthSn'ic. [Sthen'icns; from oQivos, 
“strength.”] Strong; active; robust. 
STE 
Sthen'ic IMs-ea&'es. Those which 
are the result of inflammation or in- 
creased action. 
Sthe-nop'y-ra.® [From otisros, 
“strength,” and nvp, a “fever.”] Sthenic 
or synochic fever. 
Stib'I-al. [S<ibiii'lis: from stib'inm, 
“antimony.”] Belonging to antimony; 
antimonial. 
Stib'ic. [Sttb'icus; from stib'ium, 
“ antimony.”] Belonging to antimony. 
Applied to the yellow oxide of antimony, 
called Stibic acid. 
Stib'I-ous. [Stibio'sus; from stib'i- 
um, “ antimony.”] Pertaining to anti- 
mony. Applied to the white oxide of 
antimony, called Stibious acid. 
Stib'I-um.* [Gr. ariSi, or orippi.\ 
The ancient name for antimony. 
Stic-tac'ne.* [From otiktos, “ marked 
with points,” and ac'ne, a “papular erup- 
tion.”] The Ac'nepuncta'ta of Bateman; 
a species or variety of acne in which, 
according to Dr. Good, the pimples are 
tipped with a black dot. 
Stiff-joint. See Ankylosis. 
Stigma,* plural Stig'ma-ta. [From 
ariypa, a “mark,” a “brand.”] That 
part of the pistil which is placed at the 
summit of the style and receives tho 
pollen. Also, one of the breathing-pores 
of insects, or the pores which admit air 
to their trachea;. Applied in Pathology 
to a small red speck on the skin, without 
elevation of the cuticle, as if caused by 
a pricking instrument. Also, a natural 
mark or spot. 
Stig'ma-ta,* the plural of Stigma, 
which see. 
Stig-mat'ic. [Stigmat'icns.] Be- 
longing to or bearing a stigma. 
Stig-mat'i-form. [Stigmatifor'- 
niis: from stig'maJ] Having the ap- 
pearance of a stigma. 
Stig'ma-tose. The same as Stig- 
matic, which see. 
Stilbaoeav stil-ba'she-e. [From 
Stil’be, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of exogenous shrubs, found 
at the Cape of Good Hope. 
Stilette, ste-lett'. (From the French 
Stifet, a “ small dagger.”) A small 
sharp-pointed instrument enclosed in a 
cannula, or sheath. Also, a wire kept in 
the flexible catheter, to give it firmness 
and a proper degree of curvature. 
Stillborn. [Sfa'tus Mor'tuus, 
“born dead.”] Born without life. 
StiTlI-cId'I-um.* [From stil'la, a 
“drop,” and ca'do, to “fall down.”] A 
dropping or trickling down; a flowing 
STI 
528 drop by drop. Applied especially to the 
urine in strangury, stricture, etc. 
StillicUl'ium kach-ry-ma'rum.* 
(“Dropping or Trickling down of Tears.”) 
See Epiphora. 
Stil-Iiu sisj. The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the root of the 
Stillin' gin sylvat' ica. In large doses it is 
emetic and cathartic; in small doses, 
alterative. 
Stimatosis. See Stymatosis. 
Stim'ii-Innt. [Stim ulant, an'iw; 
see Stimulate.] Stimulating. Applied 
to a medicine having power to excite the 
organic action of an animal, or increase 
the vital activity of an organ. 
Stim'u-latc. [From stim'ulo, stimula'- 
tnm, to “goad,” or “urge on” (from 
stim'u/us, a “goad,” or “spur”).] To 
excite the organic action of a part of the 
animal economy. 
Stim'u-li,* gen. Stiin-u-foruiu, 
the plural of Stimulus, which see. 
Stim'u-lus,* plural Stim ii-li. A 
Latin word signifying a “ goad,” “ sting,” 
or “ whip.” In Botany, a sting, or fine, 
sharp-pointed substance which easily 
penetrates the skin, introducing a poison 
into the part, as of the Nettle. In Phy- 
siology, that which rouses or excites the 
vital energies, whether of the whole sys- 
tem or of a part. 
Sting;. In Botany, a rigid and point- 
ed cell borne on an expanded base or 
gland, which secretes an irritating fluid, 
as in the Nettle. 
Stipe. [Sti'pes, itis; from armro;, a 
“trunk.”] A stem of a fungus, fern, or 
palm. Also, a stalk which supports the 
ovary in certain plants. 
Sti'pel. The stipule of a leaflet. 
Stip'el-late. Furnished with stipels. 
Sti-pif'er-ous. [Stipif'erus: from 
sti'pes, a “stipe,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing stipes. 
Stip'i-tate. [Stiplta'tns; from 
sti'pes, a “ stipe.”] Having a stipe, stem, 
or foot-stalk. 
Stip'I-tl-form, or Stip'I-form. 
[Stipifor'inis; from sti'pes, a “stipe.”] 
Shaped like a stipe. 
Stip-u-la'ceous. [From stip'ula, a 
“ stipule.”] Belonging to or resembling 
stipules. 
Stip'u-lar. [Stipula'ris; from 
stip'ula, a “stipule.”] Relating to or 
like a stipule. 
Stip'u-late, or Stip'uled. [Stip- 
ula'tus.] Having stipules. 
Stipule. [Stip'ula.] A Latin word 
signifying “straw,” or “stubble.” In 
STI 
Botany, a lateral and foliaceous append- 
age of a leaf, situated at the base of the 
petiole. Stipules occur in pairs. 
Stlp-u-lif'er-ous. [Stipullf'crus; 
from stip'ula, a “stipule,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing stipules. 
Stitch. [Piinc'tiim.] An acute, 
sudden pain, like that caused by the 
thrusting in of a sharp needle. See 
Pleurodynia. 
Stock. [Stirps.] The trunk or stem 
of a tree or plant. Also, the original 
(or originals) of a lineage of animals or 
plants; a source of succession ; a race. 
Stoi-eIiI-ol'o-£y, or St«e-«hi-ol'o- 
fcy, written also Ste-elii-ol'o-gy. 
[Steechiolo'gia; from aroixcioj, a “first 
principle,” and Aoyo;, a “discourse.”] 
Elementary knowledge; the science of 
first principles, or a treatise on elements. 
Stoi-clii-om'e-try. [Stoechioine'- 
trla; from oroiytioi/, an “element,” and 
psrpcco, to “ measure.”] The doctrine of 
chemical equivalents. That part of 
Chemistry which treats of the relative 
quantities in which different substances 
combine with each other. 
Stole. The same as Stolon, which see. 
Sto'lon. [Sto'lo, o'm#.] A rooting 
branch; a branch of a plant, which 
curves or falls down to the ground, where 
it takes root and forms an ascending 
stem, as in the Currant. 
w Stol-o-nif'er-ous. [Stolonif'e- 
rus: from sto'lo, a “stolon,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing stolons, or suckers. 
Sto ma,® plural Sto'ma-ta. [From 
orojia, a “mouth.”] A mouth. Also, a 
breathing-pore; a minute orifice in the 
epidermis of leaves through which ex- 
halation takes place. In the leaf of the 
Apple there are said to be twenty-four 
thousand stomata to the square inch. 
[From onipa, a 
“mouth,” and va*oj, “bad.”] See Can- 
crum Oris. 
Stomacal. See Stomachic. 
Stomach, stum'ak. [Ventric'ulus, 
and Stom'achus; from aropa, a 
“mouth.”] (Fr. Estomac, es'to'm&k'.) 
The membranous bag, or receptacle of 
the food, between the oesophagus and 
duodenum. 
Stom'ach-Pump. (Fr. Pompe pour 
VEstomac, pbwp pooR les'to'm&k'.) An 
instrument used to pump out the con- 
tents of the stomach, or convey fluids 
into that organ when the patient is un- 
able to swallow. 
Stom'a-chal. Synonymous with 
Stomachic, which see. 
STO 
529 STO 
STR 
Sto-niaeh'ic. [Stomaeh'icus.] 
(Fr. Stomacal, sto'mii'kM'.) Belonging 
to the stomach; gastric. Also applied 
to a medicine which strengthens its 
healthy action. 
Stomachus. See Stomach. 
Sto-niap'o-dus.* [From crSpa, a 
"mouth,” and ttovs, a "foot.”] Having 
feet near the mouth. Applied in the 
neuter plural (Stomap'oda) to an order 
of Crustaceans. 
Sto'ma-ta,* the plural of Stoma, 
which see. 
Sto'inate. The same as Stoma, which 
see. 
Sto-mat'ic. [Stomat'icus; from 
trrdpa, a “ mouth.”] A remedy for diseases 
of the mouth. 
Stom-a-tl'tis, id is.* [From aropa, a 
“ mouth.”] Inflammation of the mouth. 
Stom-a-to-plas'tic. [Stoinato- 
plas'ticus.] Belonging to stomato- 
plasty. 
St oni'a-to-plas-ty. [Stomato- 
plas'tia; from aropa, a “mouth,” and 
7r\ao<T(u, to "form.”] The operation for 
forming an artificial mouth where the 
aperture has been contracted from any 
cause. 
Stoin'a-to-scope. [From aropa, the 
"mouth,” and memko, to "examine.”] An 
instrument for holding open the mouth 
in order to facilitate examination. 
Stone. See Calculus, and Lapis. 
Stone-Fruit. A common name for 
a Drupe, which see. 
Stool. [Se'des.] The faeces dis- 
charged from the bowels; a dejection; 
an evacuation. In Botany, a plant from 
which layers (stolons) are propagated. 
Sto'rax.* A name for Stykax, 
which see. 
Stra-bis'imis.* [From orpaf)ifa, to 
“ squint.”] Squinting. An affection of 
the eyes in which objects are Seen in an 
oblique manner. A genus of the order 
Dyscinesite, class Locales, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Stra-bot'o-my. [Straboto'mia; 
from orpaSos, "squinting,” and Topij, a 
"cutting:”] An operation for strabis- 
mus. 
Strain. See Sprain. 
Strainer. See Colatorium. 
Straining. See Spasma. 
Stra-min'e-ous. [From stra'men, 
“ straw.”] Straw-like. 
Stra-mo'ni-i Fo'll-um.* (“Leaf of 
Stramonium.”) The Pharmacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the leaves of Datu'ra 
stramo'nium. The Stramo'nii Fo'lia 
("Leaves of Stramonium”) of the Brit- 
ish Pharmacopoeia. 
Stramo'nii Se'men.* (“ Seed of 
Stramonium.”) The Pharmacopoeia! 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the seed of tho 
Datu'ra stramo'nium. It is narcotic and 
poisonous. 
Stra-mo'ni-um.* The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (Ed. Ph.) for the herb Datu'- 
ra 8tramo' ilium. 
Ntran'Kii-lat-ed. [Strangula'- 
(ns: from stran'gulo, strangula'tum, to 
"choke.”] Literally, "choked.” Applied 
to irreducible hernia. In Botany, irregu- 
larly contracted. 
Slran-gudtt'tion. [Strangula'- 
tlo, o' nis; from the same.] (Fr. Etrangle- 
ment, &'titoN°'g’l-moN0'.) The state of 
choking; constriction of a part from the 
presence of a stricture. 
Strangury, strang'gu-re. [Stran- 
gn'ria; from arpuyyw, to “tie or bind 
tight” (or more directly from arpayZ, a 
" drop”), and ovpov, the “ urine.”] A 
painful difficulty in passing water, which 
can be discharged only by drops. 
Stra'ta,® gen. Stra-to'rmn, the plu- 
ral of Stratum, which see. 
Strat-I-fi-ca'tion. [Stratifica'tio, 
o'in's; from stra'tum, a “ layer,” and 
fa'cio, to “ make.”] In Chemistry, the 
placing of layer upon layer of different 
substances in a crucible, to calcine a 
metal, etc. In Geology, the arrange- 
ment of the rocks, earth, etc., in strata; 
the process of forming strata. 
Strat'I-lied. [Stratiflca'tus; from 
the same.] Composed of distinct strata, 
or layers of different materials. Applied 
in Geology to sedimentary rocks placed 
in strata which are nearly parallel, as 
sandstone and slate. 
St rat I-form. [Stratifor'inis ; 
from stra'tum, a “layer.”] Having the 
form of strata; stratified. 
Stra'toid. [Stratoi'des; from 
stra'tum, a " layer,” and slios, a “form.”] 
Resembling strata or layers. 
Stra-toin'e-ter. [Stratom'etrnm ; 
from stra'tum, a " layer,” and perpov, a 
"measure.”] An instrument for deter- 
mining in what manner geological strata 
press upon each other.—(Mayne.) 
Stra'tum,* plural Stra'ta. [From 
ster'no, stra'tum, to "spread,” to “lay 
down.”] A bed or layer of matter. 
When different rocks lie in succession 
upon each other, each individual forms 
a stratum. 
Straw'b£r-r$r. The fruit of the 
Fraga'ria ves'ca. A plant of the Lii»- 
530 naean class Icosandria, natural order Ro- 
saceat. 
Strem'ma.* [From orptyco, to 
“twist,” or “turn.”] A sprain, or lux- 
ation. 
Stri'a,® plural Stri'ae. A Latin 
word signifying a “groove,” “furrow,” 
or “crease.” Applied in Anatomy and 
Zoology to longitudinal marks or lines ; 
and sometimes, in Pathology, to the pur- 
ple spots which appear under the skin in 
certain fevers; also called Vibices. 
Stri'se,* the plural of Stria, which 
see. 
Stri'ate. [Strta'tus; from stri'o, 
stria'turn, to “make furrows.”] Grooved; 
furrowed; marked with longitudinal 
streaks or furrows (striae). 
Striated Bodies. See Corpora 
Striata. 
Strict. [From strin'go, atric'tum, to 
“bind,” or “tie close.”] A botanical 
term signifying very straight or close. 
Stric'ture. [Strictu'ra: from the 
same.] (Fr. Retrecissement, r&'trAsAss'- 
moN®'.) A term for a contraction in a 
canal, tube, or duct; as in the oesopha- 
gus, urethra, etc. 
Stri'dor Den'tium* (den'she-um). 
(“ Grinding of the Teeth.”) The grat- 
ing noise produced by powerful attrition 
of the teeth of the lower jaw on those of 
the upper. A common symptom in gas- 
tric affections of children. 
Strid'u-lous. [Strid'ulus; from 
stri'deo, to “crack,” “creak,” or 
“crash.”] Creaking; crashing. See 
Cynanche Strepitoria. 
Strigr'il,* or Stri£'i-Iis.* A Latin 
word signifying a “curry-comb.” A 
scraper, or flesh-brush. An instrument 
used in bathing. 
Stri&'il-losc. The same as Strigose, 
which see. 
Strl-gose'. [Strigo'sus; from stri'- 
gn, a. “ small stiff hair.”] Clothed with 
sharp and stout close-pressed hairs, or 
scale-like bristles (strigae). Applied to 
plants. 
Strob-I-la'ceous. [Strobila'ceus.] 
Relating to, or resembling, a strobile. 
Strob'Ile. [Strob'ilus.] A scaly 
multiple fruit resulting from the ripen- 
ing of some sort of catkin. It is applied 
especially to the peculiar fruit of the 
Coniferee, of which the cone of the pine- 
tree is an example. 
Strob-i-lif'er-ous. [Strobilif'er- 
us; from strob'ilus, a “strobile,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing strobiles 
Strob'i-ll-form. [Strobilifor'mis; 
STR 
from strob'ilxis, a “ strobile.”] Resem- 
bling a strobile. 
Strob-i-li'tes.* [From strob'ilus, a 
“ strobile,” and \iOog, a “ stone” ?] Fossil 
fruit resembling a strobile. 
Stroke of the Sun. See Coup de 
Soleil. 
Stroke of the Wind. See Coup 
de Ye NT. 
Slro iiia, ah's.'* [From arputfia, a 
“ bed,” or “ couch.”] The tissue which 
forms the bed or substance of an organ. 
Strombuliferous. See Strombuli- 
FOEM. 
Stroinbu-ll-form. [Strombuli- 
for'mis; from strom'bulus, diminutive 
of strom'bus, a spiral shell of a mollusk.] 
Contorted like a screw, or twisted spi- 
rally. 
Stronger Al'eo-hol. [Al'eohol 
Fortius.] The name applied to spirit 
of the specific gravity 0.817. It has 
been placed on the primary list of the Ma- 
teria Mediea of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia 
for 1860. 
Stron'gy-lus.* [From <rrpoyyC\os, 
“ globose.”] A kind of worm or ento- 
zoon, found in the kidney and other 
viscera: a strongyle. 
Stron'gylns (“ Giant 
Strongylus.”) A very large species 
sometimes found in the human kidney. 
Stroutian, stron'she-an. [Stron- 
t ia siii; from Stron'tian, in Argyleshire.] 
The oxide of strontium; one of the pri- 
mitive earths, found in combination with 
carbonic acid in strontianite. 
Stron'tic. [Stroll'ticus; from 
stron'tium.\ Belonging to strontium. 
Strontium,* stron'she-iim. The 
metallic base of strontian. 
St ro' phi-ole. [Stroph i 'olti m ; 
diminutive of stro'phium, a “ garland,” 
or “ girdle.”] A small curved protube- 
rance near the hilum of some seeds. 
Stroph'u-1 ns.* A papular eruption 
of various species and form, peculiar to 
infants. 
Stropk'ulus Al'bl-dus.* (“White 
or Whitish Strophulus.”) The white 
gum, a name for a variety of Strophulus 
intertinctus. 
Stroph'ulus Fan'di-dus.* (“ Shin- 
ing Strophulus.”) A variety in which 
the populse are larger, have no inflam- 
mation, but a smooth, shining surface, 
which gives them a lighter color than 
the cuticle near them. 
Stroph'ulusCoii-fer'tus.* (“ Thick 
or Crowded Strophulus.”) A variety in 
which numerouspapillae, varying in size, 
STR 
531 appear on different parts of the body in 
infants during dentition, and is therefore 
called tooth-rash. 
Stropit 'ulus In-tcr-t iue'tas. ' 
(“ Stained or Spotted Strophulus.”) A 
variety of strophulus in which the child’s 
skin appears like printed cotton, from 
the various disposition of the character- 
istic papulx, or seems covered with a red 
gummy exudation; therefore popularly 
termed red gum, and red-gown. 
Strophulus Vo-lat'I-cus.® (“ Fly- 
ing Strophulus.”) The wildfire rash, a 
species having small circular patches or 
clusters of papulse arising successively 
on different parts of the body. 
Struc'tu-ral ISot'a-ny. The branch 
of botanical science which treats of the 
structure, organization, and external 
conformation of plants, including Vege- 
table Anatomy (or Piiytotomy) and 
Organography, which see. 
Struc'ture. [Structu'ra; from 
stru'o, struc'tum, to “build,” to “order,” 
to “make.”] Originally, a “building.” 
The mode of construction or putting to- 
gether of any thing. In Geology and 
Mineralogy, the disposition of the lines 
of fissure or separation, from which 
necessarily results the form of the rock 
or mineral. Also, the arrangement of 
the organic tissues or elements of which 
animals and plants are composed. 
Stru'ma.* A scrofulous swelling, 
or tumor; also, scrofula itself. Some- 
times applied to bronchocele. 
Stru-suif'er-ous. [Strumiferus; 
from stru'ma, a “ wen,” and fc'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing a wen or tumor. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
Strii-inose'. [From stru'ma, a 
“wen.”] In Botany, swollen on one 
side; bearing a struma, or wen. 
Stru'mous. I SI rumo'sus; from 
stru'ma.'] Having scrofula; scrofulous. 
Struve's I.otiou for Hooping- 
Cough. A preparation consisting chiefly 
of tartarized antimony and the tincture 
of cantharides. 
StryeSi'nate. [Strych'nas, a Vi*.] 
A combination of strychnic acid with a 
base. 
Strych'ni-a, Strych'nin, or 
Strychnine. [Stvychni'na.] The 
Pharmacopoeial name || for a peculiar 
alkaloid obtained from the fruit of 
the Strychnos nux vomica. It occurs in 
the form of a white, or grayish-white, 
powder, of an intensely bitter taste, 
nearly insoluble in water, and readily 
soluble in boiling alcohol. A small por- 
STR 
tion of it dissolved in officinal sulphuric 
acid yields, on the addition of a minuto 
quantity of bichromate of potassa, a 
splendid violet color. Strychnia has, in 
a concentrated form, the virtues and the 
poisonous qualities of nux vomica. 
S(ryeti'ni-a* Snl|»5a:is.:: (“Sul- 
phate of Strychnia.”) The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (U.S. Ph.) for a white salt 
in colorless prismatic crystals, without 
odor, exceedingly bitter, readily soluble 
in water, sparingly soluble in alcohol, 
and insoluble in ether. Medical proper- 
ties the same as those of Stryciixia. 
Stryicli'nic. [Stryoh'nicus.] Ap- 
plied to salts of which strychnine forms 
the base. 
Stryeh'nos.® [Gr. arpvxroi, a species 
of nightshade.] (Fr. Vomiqnier, vo'nnV- 
k6A'.) A Linnaean genus of the class 
Pentandria, natural order Loganiacese. 
Strycli'nos Igna'tia* (ig-na'she-a). 
The systematic name for the tree which 
yields Ignatia, which see. 
Strycli'nos Xin Vom'i-ca.* The 
tree which yields the Nux Vomica, 
which see. 
Strychnos TlcuW. See Upas 
Tieute. 
Stsiltitfa,® stul-tish'e-a. [From 
stul'tus, “foolish.”] Foolishness; folly, 
or a certain dulness of the mind. For- 
merly used for Fatuity. 
Stu'pa.* Literally, “ tow.” Applied 
to tow used in certain surgical dressings; 
also to a cloth used in fomentations: 
such a cloth is termed in English a stupe. 
A fomentation. 
Stu-pe-fa'cient. [Stupeffa'clens ; 
from stupefa’cio, to “render stupid.”] 
Having power to stupefy. Formerly used 
in the same manner as Narcotic, which 
see. 
Stu'por, o'ris.* [From stu’peo, to 
“be stupefied.”] A suspension or di- 
minished activity of the mental faculties ; 
loss of sensibility. 
Stu'por Den'tlum$ (den'she-um). 
A term sometimes applied to the affec- 
tion of the teeth when they are popu- 
larly said to be “ on edge.” 
Stsit'ter-ing. Nearly the same as 
stammering, but in a more aggravated 
form. 
Sty, or Stye. A disease of the eye- 
lids. See Hordeolum. 
Stylate. [Styla'tus; from sty’lus, 
a “style.”] Having a style. 
Style. [Sty'lns, a “ style,” an 
instrument which the ancients used in 
writing.] The columnar or slender part 
STY 
532 of a pistil above the ovary; also, a sur- 
geon’s probe. 
Stylet, The French name 
for Probe, which see. 
Stylidiacea;,* sti-lid-e-a'she-e. 
[From Stylid'ium, one of the genera.] A 
natural order of exogenous, herbaceous 
plants, natives of Australia. 
Sty-lif 'er-ous. [Stylif'eras; from 
sty'Ins, a “ style,” and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] 
Bearing styles, or a style. Applied to 
flowers. 
Sty'H-foran. [Stylifor'niis; from 
sty'lus, a “ style,” or “ bodkin.”] Re- 
sembling a style or bodkin; style-shaped. 
Sty-lis'eus.* [From sty'lus, a“ style,” 
or “ bodkin.”] A tent in form of a bod- 
kin. 
Sty'lo-tSlos'sns.* [From y\maa, a 
“tongue.”] A muscle arising from the 
styloid process and the stylo-maxillary 
ligament, and inserted into the root of 
the tongue. It moves the tongue late- 
rally and backwards. 
Sty'lo-IIy'al. [Stylohya'lis; from 
styloi'des, and hyoi'des, “ hyoid.”] Ap- 
plied by Owen to the homologues of the 
styloid process of the temporal bone. 
Sty'lo-IIy obi. [Sty' lo-llyoi'- 
deus.] Applied to a ligament connect- 
ing the styloid process with the hyoid 
bone : also to a muscle. See next article. 
Sty'lo-Hy-o-i'de-us.* A muscle aris- 
ing from the styloid process and inserted 
into the os hyoides, which it raises. 
Sty'loid. [Styloi'des; from sty'lus, 
a “ style,” and dco;, a “ form.”] Re- 
sembling a style, or bodkin; styliform. 
Applied to a process of the temporal 
bone, etc. 
Sty' lo-JIast 'old. [Sty' lo-Mastoi '- 
dens.] The designation of a foramen 
situated between the styloid and mastoid 
processes, through which the portio dura 
of the seventh pair of nerves passes; 
also, of an artery which enters that fora- 
men. 
Sty'lo-Phsir-yn-&e'us.® A muscle 
arising from the styloid process and in- 
serted into the pharynx and back part 
of the thyroid cartilage. It raises the 
pharynx and draws up the thyroid car- 
tilage. 
Sty-lo-po'di-um.* [From oriiXoj, a 
“style,” and nov;, iroiAs, a “foot.”] An 
enlargement or fleshy disk at the base 
of a style, ns in the Umbelliferte. 
Sty’lus.* [Gr. o-nUoj, a “column,” or 
“style.”] A surgeon’s probe. Also ap- 
plied to the filament of the halteres of 
the Diptera. See Style. 
STY 
Sty-ma-to'sis,* or SU-ma-fo'sis.* 
[From arvu, to “ erect.”] Violent erection 
of the penis, with bloody discharge. 
Styp'sis.* [See next article.] Astric- 
tion, or constipation. 
Styp'tic. [Styp'ticus; from arv<p<o, 
to “contract,” to “be astringent.”] 
Having the power of stopping htemor- 
rhages through an astringent quality; 
haemostatic. 
Styracaeeae,® stir-a-ka'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous trees and 
shrubs, found in the tropical or subtropi- 
cal regions of Asia and America. It in- 
cludes Sty'rax, from which fragrant gum 
resins called Storax and Benzoin are 
procured. 
Sty'rax, a'cis.* A Linnaean genus 
of the class Decctndria, natural order 
Styracaeese. Also, the Pharmacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the prepared juice 
of Liquidam'bar Orienta'le. It is a 
stimulating expectorant. 
Sty'rax Ben'zoin.* The tree which 
affords benzoin. See Benzoinem. 
Sty'rax Of-fi<*-I-na'lis.* The tree 
which affords the balsam styrax, or sto- 
rax. 
Sub. [G r. mu, “under.”] A Latin 
preposition signifying “under,” “be- 
neath,” ox “from beneath.” Before the 
consonants e,/, m,p, and r,the b is usually 
changed to the corresponding letter: thus, 
we have succumb for subcumb, suffuse for 
subfuse, support for subport, etc. Sub, as 
a prefix to many English words, denotes 
deficiency or an inferior degree; as, sub- 
acid, safccarbonate, etc. 
Sub-a-ve'tas Cu'pri.* (“Subacetato 
of Copper.”) See Verdigris, and Cupri 
Subacetas. 
Sub-car'bo-nate. [Subcarbo'nas, 
a'f?>.] A combination of carbonic acid 
with a base, in which there is an excess 
of the latter. 
Subcar'bonate of Am-mo'm-a, or 
Car'bo-nate of Ammo'nia. A white, 
translucent salt, with a pungent odor, 
sometimes called smelling salts, or salts 
of hartshorn. 
Sufo-cla'vl-an. [Snbcla'vius, or 
Snbdavia'nus; from sub, “under,” or 
“beneath,” and cla'vis, the “clavicle.”] 
(Fr. Sous-clavibre, soo'kljPve-eit'.) The 
designation of an artery situated under 
the clavicle. The right arises from the 
arteria innominata, the left separates from 
the aorta at the termination of its arch. 
Sub-cla'vi-us.* [From the same.] A 
muscle arising from the cartilage of the 
first rib and inserted into the lower sur- 
SUB 
533 face of the clavicle. It brings the clavicle 
and shoulder forwards and backwards. 
Sub-cnr'date. [From sub, “under,” 
and cor, cor'dis, a “heart.”] Slightly 
heart-shaped. 
Sub-eu-ta'ne-ous. [Subcuta'ne- 
us; from sub, “under,” and cu'tis, the 
“skin.”] Situated just under the skin. 
Su'ber-ate. [Su'beras, a'tfs.] A 
combination of suberic acid with a base. 
Su-ber'ic. [Suber'icus; from su'- 
ber, “cork.”] Belonging to cork. Ap- 
plied to an acid obtained by the action 
of nitric acid on cork. 
Su'be-rin. [Suberi'na.] A name 
given to the cellular tissue of cork after 
the various soluble matters have been 
removed by the action of water and 
alcohol. 
Su-be-rose', or Su'ber-«us. [Su- 
bero'sus; from su'ber, “cork.”] Corky ; 
of the nature of cork. 
Sub fin. cod. = Subfi'nem coctio'nis.* 
“When the boiling is nearly finished.” 
Subject. [From subjic'io, subjec'turn, 
to “cast or place under.”] Something 
placed under one’s notice for examina- 
tion or study. In Anatomy, a body for 
dissection. 
Sub-jec'tlve. [Subjecti'vus; from 
the same.] Literally, “placed under,” 
or within [the mind]. Applied to sensa- 
tions, thoughts, etc., which arise from 
within ourselves, and are not dependent 
on, or directly caused by, external im- 
pressions. (See Objective.) Also ap- 
plied to symptoms of disease noticed by 
the patient himself. 
Sub-li-ga'men, inis.* [From sub'- 
ligo, to “under-bind.”] That which is 
applied to overcome a hernia; a kind of 
truss. 
Sub'li-matc. [Sublima'tum.] The 
product of sublimation. 
Sublimate, Corrosive. See Hv- 
drargyri Ciiloridum Corrosivum. 
Sub-li-ma'tlon. [Sublima'tio, 
o'nis; from subli'mo, sublima'tum, to 
“raise up,” or “sublimate.”] The pro- 
cess by which solid substances are vola- 
tilized or raised by heat and again con- 
densed, the product being called a subli- 
mate when concreted in a hard mass; and 
flowers, when feathery, or powder-like. 
Sublimed Sulphur. See Sulphur 
SUBLIMATUM. 
Sub-Ii'mis.* (“ Superficial [Mus- 
cle].”) A designation of th c flex'or digi- 
to'rum commu'nis muscle, from its being 
more superficial than the flexor profundus. 
Sub-lin'gual. [From sub, “under,” 
SUB 
and lin'gua, the “tongue.”] Applied to a 
gland situated beneath the mucous mem- 
brane of the floor of the mouth on each 
side of the frsenum lingua:. 
Snb-lux-a'tion. [Subluxa'tio, 
o'nis; from sub, “under,” “in an inferior 
degree,” and lux'o, luxa'tum, to “put out 
of joint.”] A sprain, or partial disloca- 
tion. 
Sub-max'il-Ia-ry. [From sub, “un- 
der,” and maxil'la, a “jaw.”] Applied 
to a gland situated on the inner side of 
the ramus of the lower jaw, and to a 
ganglion which occurs on a level with 
the submaxillary gland. 
Nub-men'tal. [Subinenta'lis; from 
*h6, “under,” and men'turn, the “chin.'’] 
Applied to an artery running beneath 
the chin. 
Sub-merged'. The same as Sub- 
mersed, which see. 
Sub-merswl'. [Snbmer'sus; from 
sub, “under,” and mer'go, mer'sum, to 
“plunge.”] Growing under the water. 
Applied to plants. 
Sub-iner'sion. [Submer'sio,o')n*,- 
from the same.] Drowning; one of the 
causes producing Asphyxia Suffoca- 
tionis, which see. 
Sub-mu' rl-a te. [Submu' rias, 
a'ti*.] A combination of muriatic (or 
hydrochloric) acid with a base, having a 
deficiency of the acid. 
Sub-o-per'cu-lar. [Subopercu- 
la'ris; from suboper'culum.] Applied by 
Owen to that one of the four opercular 
bones which is below the interopercidar 
and preopercular. 
Sub-o-per'cu-lum.* [From sub, 
“under,” and oper'culum, a “lid.”] A 
bony formation with which the opercu- 
lum and interoperculum compose a sort 
of lid for the gills of fishes. 
Sub-or'bi-tar. [Suborbita'rlus; 
from sub, “under,” and or'bita, the “or- 
bit.”] Situated under the orbitar cavity 
of the eye. 
Sub-Or'ders. The highest divisions 
of natural orders, when marked by cha- 
racters of such importance that it might 
fairly be questioned whether they ought 
not to be received as independent orders. 
Sub-pln-cen'tn.* A name for the 
Decidua Veiia, which see. 
Sub'-Salt. Originally, a salt which 
contained an excess of base. This term 
now relates to atomic composition, a true 
subsalt being that in which there is less 
than one atom of acid to each atom of 
base. 
Sub-scap'u-hir. [Subscapula'ris; 
SUB 
534 SUB 
sue 
from sub, “under,” or “beneath,” and 
scap'ula, the “shoulder-blade.”] Be- 
neath the scapula, or shoulder-blade. 
Applied to a muscle. 
Sub-scap-u-la'i-is.* (“ Subscapular 
[Muscle].”) A muscle arising from all 
the internal surface of the scapula, and 
inserted into the humerus. It pulls the 
arm backwards and downwards. 
Sub-si 'deuce. [ Subsiden t s.i: from 
subsi'do, to “settle,” or “sink down.”] 
Applied to the sediment of the urine, etc. 
See Hypostasis. 
Subspecies,* sub-spe'shez. In Bo- 
tany, a marked and permanent variety. 
Substantia,* sub-stan'she-a. [From 
sub'sto, to “subsist,” to “have a firm or 
permanent existence.”] A substance or 
body. 
Substan'tia Fer-ru-gin'e-a.® 
(“Ferruginous Substance.”) A substance 
found in the rhomboid fossa of the brain. 
Substan'tia M'graJ (“Black Sub- 
stance.”) A dark-colored substance found 
near the corpora albicantia, in what are 
termed the “peduncles of the brain.” 
Sub'stan-tlve. [Substanti'vus; 
from substan'tia, a “substance,” “that 
which subsists,” or stands by itself.] 
Applied to those coloring matters which 
have a strong attraction for cloth with- 
out the aid of a mordant. 
Sub-sti-tu'tion. [Substitu'tio, 
o'uis; from substit'uo, snbstitu'tum, to 
“put in the place of another.”] A term 
applied to those effects of chemical affi- 
nity which depend on the replacement 
of certain proportions of one body by 
the same proportions of another body. 
Sub-sul'tus.* [From snbsil'io, sub- 
sul'tum, to “leap or start slightly.”] A 
start, or twitching. 
Subsul'tusTen'dl-nuin.': (“Start- 
ing, or Leaping, of the Tendons.”) Con- 
vulsive twitchings of the tendons of the 
hands or feet, common in low nervous 
and typhus fevers. 
Sub-tense'. [Subten'sa; from 
sub, “under,” and ten'do, ten'sum, to 
“stretch,” or “extend.”] A right line 
connecting the extremities of an arc; a 
chord of an arc 
Sub-tfir-rn'iie-an. [Subterra'ne- 
us; from sub, “under,” and ter'ra, the 
“ earth.”] In Botany, growing beneath 
the surface of the ground. 
Sub-til-I-fo'lI-us.* [From subti'lis, 
“fine,” or “slender,” and fo'lium, a 
“leaf.”] Having linear leaves or foli- 
oles: subtilifo'Tious. 
Sub-u'ber-eS.* [From sub, “under,” 
or “at,” and u'ber, the “ pap,” or “ udder.”] 
Literally, “those under or at the breast.” 
A term applied to children not yet 
weaned. 
Sub'u-late. [Snbula'tus; from sub'- 
ula, an “awl.”] Awl-shaped; narrow 
and tapering to a rigid point, as the 
leaves of the Juniper, etc. 
Sub-u-lif'er-ous. [Subulif'erus; 
from sub'ula, an “awl,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing objects like awls. 
Sub-u-li-fo'll-us.* [From sub'ula, 
an “awl,” and fo'lium, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing subulate leaves : subulifo'lious. 
Sub'ii-la-forin. [Subulifor'mis.] 
The same as Subulate, which see. 
[From succe'do, 
to “follow,” or “come in place of.”] A 
substitute. Applied to medicines, etc. 
Sue'vi,* the plural of Succcs, which 
see. 
Snccin. See Succinum. 
[Sue'cinas, a'<*«.] A 
combination of succinic acid with a 
base. 
[Sucein'ictis; from 
sue'einum, “ amber.”] Belonging to am- 
ber. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
[From sue'cits, “juice.”] 
(Fr. Succin, siik'saN«', or Ambre, djibii.) 
The Pharmacopoeial name for Amber, 
which see. 
Sue-fivo-rons. [Sueciv'orus; 
from sue'evs, “juice,” and vo'ro, to “de- 
vour,”] Feeding on juice. Applied to 
certain insects. 
Suc-cose'. The same as Succulent, 
which see. 
Suc'cu-bons. [From sub, “under,” 
and cu'bo, to “lie.”] Applied to leaves 
when the apex of each leaf is covered by 
the base of the next, as in Jungermannia. 
Slic'cil-Ient. | Sue Anions, or Sue- 
cnlen'tus; from sue'cm, “juice.”] 
Juicy; full of juice. 
Suc'cus,* plural [From su'go, 
suc'tum, to “suck.”] The juice of fruits, 
plants, roots, etc.; sap. Also applied to 
certain animal fluids. The term succns is 
used by the British Pharmacopoeia for the 
juices of certain plants used in medicine: 
as, Suc'cus coni'i (“juice of conium”), 
Suc'cus tarax'aci (“juice of taraxacum”), 
etc. 
Succus Gastricus. See Gastric 
Juice. 
Suc-cus'sion. [Succus'sio, o'nisj 
from succu'tio, succus'sum, to “ shake.”] 
Giying the trunk slight but sudden 
shakes, in order to produce fluctuation 
of a liquid suspected to exist within th£ 
535 chest or ; bdomen, and so to ascertain 
its presence and quantity. 
Hinck'er. [Sur'culus, a “ shoot,” or 
“scion.”] In Botany, a branch of sub- 
terranean origin, which, after running 
horizontally and emitting roots in its 
course, at length rises out of the ground 
and forms an erect stem. 
Suc'tion. [Suc'tio, o'nis; from 
bu' go, sue'turn, to “ suck.”] The act of 
sucking. Applied to the process of rais- 
ing water or other liquids in a tube by 
forming a partial vacuum, into which the 
liquid is forced by the pressure of the 
atmosphere. 
Suc-to'ri-sw* [From the same.] The 
third class of the Diploneura or Helmin- 
thoidn, comprising the Entozoa and other 
similar helminthoid animals, which have 
their mouth adapted for sucking. 
Suc-to'rl-ous. [Sucto'rius: from 
the same.] Having the power of sucking. 
bu-da'incn, inis,* plural Su-flain'i- 
na [from su'do, suda'tum, to “sweat”]; 
also termed I’a-pil la' Su-do-ra'les." 
(“ Sweat-Pimples.”) Yesicles like millet- 
seeds, appearing in numbers, suddenly 
and unattended by fever, after great 
sweating from hard labor. 
Su-dam'I-na,* the plural of Suda- 
jriiN, which see. 
Nn-da'ri-nsci.® [From the same.] 
Synonymous with Sudatorium. 
Su-da'tion. [fliula'tio, o'nis; from 
the same.] A sweating. 
Sn-d;i-to'ri-:i.s [From the same.] 
A morbid sweating. The same as Ephi- 
drosis, which see. 
Su*da-to'ri-uin.~% [From the same.] 
A sweating-bath, or sweating-room. 
Su'da-to-ry. [Siidato'rius; from 
the same.] Belonging to perspiration, 
or sweat. 
Sailor, o'ris.* [From viaip, “ water,” 
or “moisture.”] (Fr. Sueur, su'ur'.) 
Sweat, or sensible perspiration; a sweat- 
ing; diaphoresis. 
Sudor Aitglicanus or Anglicns. 
See Anglicus Sudor. 
Su-do-ra'lis.* Pertaining to sudor, 
or sweat. 
Siwlo-rif'er-ous. [Sudor If 'eras; 
from su'dor, “sweat,” and fe'ro, to 
'‘bear.”] Bearing sweat; serving to 
carry off sweat. 
Su-do-rif'ic. [Sndorif'lens; from 
sn'dor, “sweat,” and fn'cio, to “make.”] 
Inducing or causing sweat; diaphoretic. 
Su-do-rip'a-rous. [Sudorip'arus: 
from sit'dor, “sweat,” and pa'rio, to 
“produce.”] Producing, or secreting, 
sue 
sweat. Applied to certain glands. See 
next article. 
Kndorip'arous Gland. [Glan'- 
dula Sudorip'nra, plural Glan'du- 
la; Sudoripara*.) A sweat-gland, con- 
sisting of a minute tube coiled up in a 
globular form, situated in the subcuta- 
neous areolar tissue. 
Suet. See Sevum. 
Sueur. See Sudor. 
Suf-fl-men'tum,* plural Snf-fl- 
men'ta. [From suffio, to “perfume.”] 
A perfume of any pleasant kind that is 
burned or smoked; a suf'fiment. 
Sulldca'tio (suf-fo-ka'she-o) II ys- 
ter'i-ea,* SufToca'tio U-te-ri'na.® 
The globus hystericus: hysterical or ute- 
rine suffocation. 
Sut-fo-ciVt ion. [Suflbca'tlo, o'nis; 
from suffo'co, snffoca'tum, to or 
“stop the breath.”] (Fr. Etouffement, 
4'toof'moN0'.) The act of suffocating; 
death or suspended animation from pri- 
vation of breath; cessation or stoppage 
of the breath. 
Suf-fru-t€s'£ent. [Suflfirutes'cens.] 
Slightly shrubby; woody at the base only. 
Suf'fru-tex.* [From sub, “under,” 
and fru'tex, a “shrub.”] An under- 
shrub ; a woody plant of low stature. 
Suf-fru'tl-cose. [Suflrutico'sus; 
from suf'frutex, an “undershrub.”] 
Somewhat woody; low and shrubby, as 
an undershrub. 
$uf-fu-mI-g;a'tion. [Suffumign'- 
tao, o'nis ; from sub, “under,” “ beneath,” 
and fu'migo, fumiga'tum, to “make a 
smoke,” to “fumigate.”] Literally, a 
“fumigation from beneath:” hence, sim- 
ply, fumigation. 
Suf-fu'sion. [SnlFu'sio, o'nis; from 
sub, “ under,” and fun'do, fu'sum, to 
“pour,” to “spread.”] Literally, a 
pouring or spreading of blood under 
the surface. Applied to redness of the 
skin as the result of inflammation or ex- 
citement, or to extravasation of some 
humor, as of blood, on the eye, which is 
then said to be bloodshot. Applied also to 
cataract, formerly supposed to be the suf- 
fusion of a morbid humor within the eye. 
Sugar, shobg'ar. [Lat. Sae'eliaruin; 
Fr. Sucre, siikn. See Saccharum.] A 
proximate principle of plants, composed 
of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Tt is 
the most soluble form of ternary organi- 
zable matter, and exists, in plants, only 
in solution. It abounds in growing 
parts, in many stems just before flower- 
ing, as those of the sugar-cane, maple, 
etc., and in pulpy fruits. 
SUG 
536 SUO 
SUL 
Rn'gar, of, Sn'gar, Es'senre 
of. Names for Oxalic Acid, which see. 
Sii'giir of Lead. The common name 
of Plumbi Acetas, which see. 
Sn'gar of Milk. A substance com- 
monly used by the homoeopathists as the 
vehicle of their medicines. It is also 
sometimes employed in allopathic medi- 
cine. See Saccharum Lactis. 
Sug'gil-lat-ed. [Sugilla'tus: from 
augil'lo, any ilia'turn, to “make black and 
blue.”] Having, or pertaining to, sug- 
gillation. 
Sug-gil-la'tion. [Sugilla't io, o'm'»; 
from the same.] The mark left by a 
leech or cupping-glass; also, livid spots 
of various size noticed on dead bodies. 
Su'I-cide. [Suicid'ium; from sn'i, 
“of himself,” and -cid'ium, a suffix (from 
ex'do, to “kill,” signifying “slaughter,” 
or “slaying.”] Self-murder. The volun- 
tary taking of one’s own life, often the 
consequence of mental disease. 
Suites de Couches, sw6t deh koosh. 
The French term for Lochia, which see. 
Sili cate, or Sul'cat-ed. [Sulca'- 
tus; from sul'co, anlea' turn, to “furrow.”] 
Having deep lines lengthwise; furrowed; 
grooved. 
Sul'v'i,* gen. Sul-co'rum, the plural 
of Sulcus, which see. 
Sul-cif'er-us.s [From sul'cua, a 
“furrow,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] In 
Zoology, bearing or having grooves or 
furrows. 
Sul'cus.s (Fr. Sillon, sk'ybw'.) A 
groove, furrow, or trench. Applied in 
the plural (aul'ci) to grooves on the sur- 
face of bones and other organs. 
SitTplias Ba-ry'tte.® (“Sulphate of 
Baryta.”) See Baryta. 
Sul'phas Cal'cis.* (“Sulphate of 
Lime.”) Gypsum, or plaster of Paris. 
Sulphas Cupri. See Cupri Sul- 
phas. 
Sul'phas Fcr'ri.* (“Sulphate of 
Iron.”) A salt occurring in light-green 
crystals, with a strong styptic taste. 
Commonly called copperas, or green 
vitriol. In small or moderate doses, it 
is astringent and tonic. In an overdose 
it acts as an irritant poison. 
Sul'phas Mag-ne'si-se.* (“Sul- 
phate of Magnesia.”) See Magnesias 
Sulphas. 
Sulphas Sodae. See Soda; Sul- 
phas. 
Sul'phate. [Sul'phas, a'fis.] A 
combination of sulphuric acid with abase. 
Sulphate of Alumina and Am- 
monia. See Alumen. 
Sulphate of Alumina and Po* 
tassa. See Alumen. 
Sulphate of magnesia. See Mag- 
nesite Sulphas. 
Sul'phate of Xiek'el. [Siic'coU 
Snl'phas.] A salt which is recom- 
mended as a tonic in cases of obstinate 
periodic headache. It occurs in emerald- 
green crystals. 
Sulphate of Quinia (or Quinine). 
See Quinia: Sulphas. 
Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
phas. 
Sul'phat-ed. [Sulpha'tus.] Con- 
verted into salts by combination with 
sulphuric acid. 
Sulphide. [Surplus, itfis.] A 
combination of sulphur with a metal or 
other body. 
Sul'phite. [Sul'phls,i'#ia.] A com- 
bination of sulphurous acid with a base. 
Sul'pho-salt. [Sul'pliosal, all*.] 
A eom’pound, both elements of which 
contain sulphur, forming with one an 
acid, with the other a base. 
Sul'phur,* gen. Sul'phu-ris. [From 
sal, or sul, a “ salt,” and nUp, “ fire” ?] (Fr. 
Sow/re, soofit.) Brimstone. A yellow, 
inflammable, non-metallic, simple sub- 
stance, of volcanic origin. It is a non- 
conductor of electricity. Its specific 
gravity is 1.99. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name for sublimed sulphur. 
Sulphur, Flowers of. See Flores 
SULPHURIS. 
Sul'phur Lo'tum.® (“Washed 
Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for sublimed sulphur tho- 
roughly washed with water. 
Sulphur, Milk of. See Sulphur 
Praicipitatum. 
Sul'phur Prse-cip-i-ta'turn.* 
(“Precipitated Sulphur.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name for a preparation some- 
times known as the Milk of Sulphur. It 
possesses the medical properties of sub- 
limed sulphur. See Sulphur Sublima- 
tum. 
Sul'phur Ro-tun'dum.* (“ Round 
Sulphur.”) A name for roll brimstone. 
Sul'phur Sub-H-ma'tum.* (“ Sub- 
limed Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopoeial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for sublimed sulphur 
which is wholly volatilized by heat. 
Sulphur is a laxative, diaphoretic, and 
resolvent. It is much employed, both 
internally and externally, in cutaneous 
affections, especially in psora, for which 
it is regarded as a specific. 
Sul'phu-rat-ed. [Sulphura'tus; 
from sul'phnr.] Applied to certain sub- 
537 SUL 
SUP 
stances combined with sulphur: as, sul- 
phurated antimony (the Antimo'nium sul- 
phura'tum of the British Pharmacopoeia). 
Sul-phu-ra'tion. [Sulpliura'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The state of a 
simple substance combined with sulphur. 
Sul-phu'rc-ous. [tSuiphu'reus; 
from the same.] Belonging to, or hav- 
ing the qualities of, sulphur. 
Sul'phu-ret. [Sulphure'tum; 
from the same.] A combination of sul- 
phur with an alkali, earth, or metal. 
Sul'phu-ret-tcd. [Sulphure'tus.] 
Made into a sulphuret, or combined with 
sulphur. 
Sul'phuretted Hy- 
dro-sulphuric acid, a noxious gas, con- 
sisting of hydrogen and sulphur. 
Sul-phu'ric. [SulpDiu'ricus; from 
sul'phur.) Relating to sulphur: .applied 
to an acid obtained from it. See next 
article. 
Sulphuric Ac id. [A$'iduni Sul- 
pliu'ricum.] Oil of Vitriol. A limpid, 
colorless, and caustic fluid, which is 
intensely acid in all its characters even 
when largely diluted. Anhydrous sul- 
phuric acid is composed of one atom of 
sulphur and three of oxygen. The acid, 
as it usually occurs in commerce, is a 
compound of one atom of anhydrous acid 
and one of water. Specific gravity, 1.8. 
Sulphuric Ether. See Ether, Sul- 
phuric. 
Sul-phu-rif'er-ous. [Sulphurif '- 
eras; from sul'phur, and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing or containing sulphur. 
Sul'phu-ris I-uil i-<liini. (“ Iodide 
of Sulphur.”) The Pharmacopceial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for a substance of a grayish- 
black color, with a crystalline radiated 
appearance. Made into an ointment, it 
has been found useful in various cuta- 
neous affections. 
Sul-phu-ro'sa.* [From sul'phur.) 
A class of resolvent spantemics, includ- 
ing sulphur, the alkaline sulphurets, etc. 
Siil'pliu-rous. [Sulphuro'Kus; 
from sul'phur.] Of the nature of sul- 
phur, or containing sulphur. Applied 
to an acid obtained from it. 
Sum. = Su'mof to “take,” Sumen'- 
dus,* to “ be takenalso Summita'tes,* 
“ the tops.” 
Su'mach. A dye-stuff obtained from 
the Rhus coriaria and Rhus cotinus. In 
calico-printing, sumach affords a yellow 
color. See Rhus Glabra. 
SumMtml Root. [Arabic Sumhul, an 
“ ear,” or “ spike.”] A drug recently 
imported from Russia and India, and 
employed as a remedy for cholera. Its 
botanical origin is unknown. 
Kimimer 4'oui-plaint'. A popular 
name for diarrhoea (or cholera) infantum. 
Snm'mi-las,:! plural Niim-iiii-ta'- 
teS. [From sum'mtis, “highest.”] A 
term for the highest part, or top: e.g. of 
a plant. 
Sun-Burning. See 
Sun-Stroke. See Coup de Solexl. 
Sn'per. [Gr. virep, “above.”] A 
Latin preposition, signifying “ above,” 
“upon,” “beyond,” “in addition to,” or 
“more than.” 
Su-per'bus.* A Latin word signi- 
fying “proud.” Sometimes applied tc 
two muscles, the levator menti and rectus 
superior, from the expression of pride 
which their action imparts. See Rectus 
Superior Oculi. 
Su-per-cil 'I-si-ry. [Supercilia'- 
ris.] Belonging to the superciiium. 
Su-per-cil'I-um.* [From su'per, 
“above,” and cil'ium, the “eyelid.”] 
(Fr. Sourcil, The eyebrow. 
Su-per-fe-cun-«Ia/tion. [Super- 
ftecunda'tio, o'nis; from su'per, 
“ over,” and foeeun'dus, “ fruitful.”] The 
same as Superfetation, which see. 
Sn-per-fe-ta'tion. [Supcrfoeta'- 
tio, o'nis; from su'per, “ over,” “in addi- 
tion to,” and foe'tus.] A second impreg- 
nation taking place before the first has 
run its course; while generally denied 
by obstetricians, the possibility of its oc- 
currence is maintained by many physi- 
ologists. 
Su-per-im-preg-na'tion. [Su- 
pcrlinpregna'tio, o'nis; from su'per, 
“ over,” or “ in addition to,” and impreg- 
na'tio, a “conception.”] The same as 
Superfetation, which see. 
Su-pe'ri-or.* [Comparative degree 
of su'perus, “upper,” “ high.”] A term 
sometimes applied to a calyx which is 
adherent or adnate to the ovary; also to 
the ovary when it is free or not adherent. 
Superior AreBi, or Superior Ver- 
tebral Arch. See Vertebral Arch. 
Supe'rior Au'ris.* (“ Upper [Mus- 
cle] of the Ear.”) A muscle of the ex- 
ternal ear, arising from the aponeurosis 
of the occipito-frontalis and inserted into 
the back part of the anthelix. It lifts 
the ear upwards. 
Su-per-na'tant. [Superna'tans; 
from su'per, “above,” and na'to, to 
“swim.”] Floating above or upon the 
surface. 
Su'per-salt. [Su'persal, alis.] A 
salt having the acid in excess. 
538 Su-pl-na'tlon. [Siipina'tio, o'nis; 
from supi'no, supina'tum, to “lay or 
place with the face upwards.”] The act 
of turning the palm of the hand upwards. 
In Pathology, the position of a person 
lying on his back with the arms and legs 
extended. 
Su-pi-ma'tor, o'ris.'* [From the 
same.] Applied to a muscle that turns 
the palm of the hand upwards. 
Su-plne'. [Supi'nus, “lying on 
the back,” “idle.”] In Botany, lying 
flat, with face upwards. 
Sup'ple-ment. [Supplemen'- 
tum; from sup'pleo, to “till up,” to 
“supply” any thing that is deficient.] 
Literally, the “ supplying” of any thing. 
The supplement of an arc or angle is that 
which must be added to it in order to 
make a semicircle, or 180°. 
Sup-pos'I-to-ry. [Supposito'- 
rium; from sub, “under,” and po'no, 
pos'itum, to “place.”] A substance put 
in the rectum to be retained there till 
gradually dissolved. 
Suppressio Mensium,* sup- 
presh'e-o men'she-um. (“ Suppression 
of the Menses.”) See Amenorrhcea, 
and Menostasia. 
Sup-pres'sion. [Suppres'sio, 
o'nis; from sup'primo, suppres’sum, to 
“ press under,” to “put a stop to.”] Com- 
plete stoppage, or non-secretion. In 
Botany, an obliteration of organs or parts. 
Suppnrant. See Suppurative. 
Sup pu-rnle. [Suppu'ro, Nup- 
pura'tum; from sub, “under,” or “be- 
neath,” and pus, p>u'ris, “matter.”] To 
form matter beneath the skin or within 
the body; to fester. 
Sup-pu-rft'tion. [Suppura'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] One of the ter- 
minations of inflammation by which pus 
is formed; a gathering of matter; a 
festering. 
Siap'pu-ra-tlves. [From the same.] 
Medicines which promote suppuration; 
a variety of epispastics, producing phleg- 
monous inflammation. 
Su'pra. A Latin preposition, signi- 
fying “above,” “superior to.” 
Su jira-A\ il-Ia-ry. [From su'pra, 
“ above,” and axil'la, an “armpit,” or 
“ axil.”] Above the axil of a leaf. 
Su-pra-cos-ta'leS.® [From su'pra, 
“above,” and eos'ta, a “rib.”] A desig- 
nation of the levatores costarum muscles, 
from their lying above or upon the ribs. 
Su-pra-de-com-pound'. Several 
times compounded. Applied to leaves. 
Su'pra-Ju-ras'sic. [Supra-Juras'- 
SUP 
sicus; from su'pra, “above,” and Ju- 
ras'aie.] Applied to a group of sedL 
mentary rocks, comprehending the supe- 
rior Jurassic. 
Su'pra-Oc-cip'I-tal. [Supraoe- 
cipita'lis; from su'pra, “above,” and 
occipita'lis os, the “occipital bone/’] 
Proposed by Owen for the large upper 
part of the occipital bone. 
Su-pra-Or'bi-tal. [Siipraorltitn'- 
lis, and Supraorbita'rius; from su'- 
pra, “above,” and or'bita, the “orbit.”] 
Above the orbit: supra-orbitary. 
Su-pra-re'nal. [Suprarena'lis; 
from su'pra, “ above,” and ren, the 
“kidney.”] Above the kidney. 
Su-pra-scap'u-lar. [Suprascap- 
ula'ris; from su'pra, “above,” and 
8cap'ula.\ Above the scapula, or shoul- 
der-blade. 
Su-pra-spi'nal. [Supraspina'lis, 
or Supraspina'tus; from su'pra, 
“ above,” and spi'ua, a “ spine.”] Above 
or upon the spine of the back; also, 
above the spine of the scapula. Applied 
to a muscle arising from above the spino 
of the scapula and inserted into the 
humerus. It raises the arm. 
Su'rft.* The calf of the leg, consist- 
ing principally of the sole'us and gastro- 
cne'mius muscles. 
Sur'cu-lose. [From sur'culus, a 
“ sucker.”] Producing suckers. 
Sur'cu-lus.® A Latin word signify- 
ing a “ shoot,” or “ scion.” In Botany, 
synonymous with Sucker, which see. 
Sar di-ij. [Sur ditas, a'tis; from 
sur'dus, “ deaf.”] Deafness; dulness of 
hearing. 
Sur-«lo-mu'tI-tas, a 'tie.* [From 
sur'dus, “deaf,” and mu'lus, “dumb.”] 
The state of deafness and dumbness. 
Sur'dus.*' (Fr. Sourd, soor.) A 
Latin word signifying “ deaf.” Applied 
both to those who are entirely destitute 
of the sense of hearing, and to those 
whose hearing is imperfect. 
Sureau, sii’ro'. The French name 
for “ elder.” See Sambucus. 
Sur'feit, sur'fit. [From the French 
surfaire, to “overdo.”] Excess of food 
or drink, generally attended with a sense 
of nausea, oppression of the stomach, 
with impeded perspiration, and some- 
times eruptions on the skin. 
Sur'£eon. [Lat. Chiru r pns; Gr. 
Xstpoupyog, from yetp, the “ hand,” and 
ipyor, a “work;” Fr. Cliirurgien, sh6'- 
riiR'zhe-fiN®'.) A practitioner in surgery. 
Sur'geon - A-poth'e-ca-ry. One 
who unites the practice of surgery with 
SUR 
539 SUR 
SUT 
tfiat of the apothecary. See General 
Practitioner. 
Sur'geon-Den'tist, or Den'tist 
I*rop'er [from dens, den'tis, a “tooth”]. 
One who performs operations on the 
natural teeth. Used in contradistinction 
to a mechanical dentist, who prepares or 
adapts artificial teeth. 
Sur'ge-ry. [Lat. tliirur gia; Gr. 
Xeifio'ipyia, from yap, the “hand,” and 
tpyov, a “ work.”] That branch of the 
healing art which teaches the proper use 
of manual operations for the preserva- 
tion or restoration of health, including 
such general medicinal and dietetic 
treatment as the proper performance of 
such operations may render necessary. 
Siirgbcal. [€hirur'gicus; from 
the same.] Relating to surgery. 
Sus,® gen. Su'Is. [Gr. iv.] The hog. 
A genus of animals of the class Mamma- 
lia, order Pachydermata. 
Sus Scro’fa.* The systematic name 
of the hog, the fat of which affords lard. 
Sns-C(‘i»-tf-biri-ty. [From suscip'io, 
suscep'tum, to “receive,” or “undergo.”] 
Sensibility; impressibility. 
Suspended Animation. See As- 
phyxia. 
$us-pen'sion. [Suspen'sio, o'nis; 
from suspen'do, suspen'sum, to “ hang 
up.”] The state of solid particles that 
are diffused in water, or other solvent, 
but are not dissolved, and may be sepa- 
rated from the solvent by filtration. Also, 
hanging; one of the causes producing 
Asphyxia Suffocationis, which see. 
Siis-peix-so'ri-um Hep'a-tis.* 
(“ Suspensory of the Liver.'”) The broad 
ligament of the liver. 
Sus-pen-so'rl-us Tes'tis.* (“ Sus- 
pensory [Muscle] of the Testicle.”) 
Another name for the Cremaster mus- 
cle, which see. 
Sus-pen'so-ry. [Nuspenso rius; 
from suspen'do, suspen'sum, to “ hang 
up.”] Suspending. 
Suspen'sory. [ Suspenso'rium: 
from the same.] Literally, “any thing 
that suspends.” Usually applied to a 
suspensory bag, or bandage, for support- 
ing the scrotum, that the weight of the 
testicles may not draw on the spermatic 
cord. 
Sus-pir'i-um.* [From suspi'ro, to 
“breathe deeply,” to “sigh.”] A Latin 
word signifying a “ deep, short, or 
labored breathinga “ sigh.” 
Su-sur'rus.® A whisper, or low 
muttering. 
Su-tu'rijt.* [From su'o, su'tum, to 
“ sew together.”] A “ suture,” or “ seam.” 
Applied in Anatomy to the junction of 
the bones of the cranium by a serrated 
line resembling the stitches of a seam. 
The following varieties of suture are 
especially deserving of notice:— 
1. Sutu'ra Denta'ta* (“Dentate Su- 
ture”), in which the processes are long 
and tooth-like, as in the interparietal 
suture of the skull. 
2. Sutu'ra Serra'ta* (“Serrate Su- 
ture”), in which the processes are small 
and fine like the teeth of a saw, as in 
the suture between the two portions of 
the frontal bone. 
3. Sutu'ra Limbo'sa* (“Bordered 
Suture”), in which, together with the 
dentated margins, there is a degree of 
bevelling of one, so that one bone rests 
on the other, as in the occipito-parietal 
suture. 
The following are named according to 
their situation on the skull:— 
1. Sutu'ra Corona'lis* (“Coronal 
Suture”), which passes transversely over 
the skull, and is named from its being 
situated at that part of the head upon 
which the corona, or crown, given to the 
conquerors in the games, was formerly 
placed. 
2. Sutu'ra Sagitta'lis* (“Sagittal 
Suture”), which passes from the middle 
of the superior margin of the frontal to 
the angle of the occipital bone, and is 
named frbm its arrow-like or straight 
course. It is sometimes continued down 
the frontal bone to the nose: this part is 
then named the frontal suture. 
3. Sutu'ra Lambdoida'lis* (“Lamb- 
doidal Suture”), which begins at the ter- 
mination of the sagittal suture and ex- 
tends on each side to the base of the 
cranium: it is named from its resem- 
blance to the Greek A (lambda). 
4. Sutu'ra Squamo'sa* (“Squamous 
Suture”), which joins the squamous por- 
tion of the temporal bone to the parietal. 
Sutura Coronalis. See Coronal, 
Suture. 
$u'tu-ral. [Sutura'Iis: from sutu'- 
ra, a “ suture.”] Relating to, or having, 
a suture. 
Su'turo. [Sutu'ra; from su'o, su'- 
tum, to “ sew together.”] Literally, a 
“sewing,” or “seam.” The union of 
flat bones by their margins. A species 
of synarthrosis; a dovetailing mode of 
articulation, the most solid of the four 
forms of synarthrosis. It occurs in the 
union of the flat bones of the skull with 
each other. (See Sutura.) In Botany, 
540 the seam (or line of opening) of a pod 
or capsule. In Surgery, the drawing to- 
gether of the lips of a wound by sewing. 
Sii’ture, Dry. [Sutu'ra Sic'ca.] 
The application of a piece of adhesive 
plaster, having a selvage, along each 
side of a wound (the selvages opposing 
each other), and then drawing them to- 
gether by sewing them with a common 
needle. 
Su'tnre, Glov'er’s. The introducing 
of a needle and thread into one lip of the 
wound from within outwards; then into 
the other in the same way. It is now 
abandoned as unsuitable. 
Su'tnre, In-ter-rup'ted, Su'tnre, 
Knot'ted. A number of stitches tied 
separately at short distances from each 
other, to keep together the lips of a 
wound. 
Su'ture, Twist'ed. The winding of 
a ligature in the form of the figure 8 
round the ends of a pin inserted through 
both lips of a wound. 
S. V. = Spir'itas vi'ni.* “Spirit of 
wine.” 
S. V. R. = Spir'itus vi'ni rectifica'tus* 
“"Rectified spirit of wine.” 
Swallowing, Difficulty of. See 
Dysphagia. 
Sweat. [Lat. Su'dor, o'ri's; Gr. 
llpcog: Fr. Sueur, su'ur'.] Perspiration. 
Usually applied to excessive perspiration 
resulting from hard exercise, mental ex- 
citement,or medicinal applications, rather 
than the natural perspiration of health. 
Sweating. See Sudation. 
Sweating; Fever. See Anglicus 
Sudor. 
Sweating;, Morbid. See Ephidro- 
sis. 
Sweat'ing; Sick'ness. [Sn'dor 
Ang;lica'nus.] See Anglicus Sudor. 
Sweet Bay. The Lau'rus Nob'ilis, 
or True Laurel. A tree of the natural 
order Lanracex. Its leaves and berries 
are fragrant, aromatic, and astringent. 
See Bay Berries. 
Sweet Bread. A name for the Pan- 
creas, which see. 
Sweet-Seent'ed Flag;. A common 
name for the Acorus Calamus, which 
see. 
Sweet Spir'it of Ni'tre. The Spir- 
itus AStiieris Nitrosi, which see. 
Swelling;. See Tumefaction. 
Swie-te'ni-a Fe-brif'u-ga,® or 
Soy'mi-da Febrif'uga.* An East 
Indian tree of the Linnsean class Decan- 
dria, natural order Cedrelacese, or Melia- 
vex. Its bark possesses tonic properties, 
SUT 
and is used in India as a substitute foi 
Peruvian bark. 
Swiete'nia M:yhag'o-nf® or Jin- 
liog'a-ni.® The systematic name of the 
mahogany-tree, which is a native of 
tropical America, It belongs to the 
natural order Cedrelacex. 
Swine'-Pox. A species of varicella, 
in which the vesicles are pointed and the 
fluid clear throughout. 
Swinging. See 
Swooning. See Deliquium Animt, 
Leipothymia, and Syncope. 
Sword-Shaped. See Ensate, Ensi- 
form, and Gladiate. 
Syaladenitis. See Sialadenitis. 
Sy-co'ma, a<?"*.* [From ovkuv, a “fig.”] 
A term for a wart, or warty excrescence, 
somewhat like a fig, on the eyelid, anus, 
or other part of the body. 
Sy-co'nl-um,® or Syc'o-nus.® 
[From ovkov, a “fig.”] An aggregate 
fruit, like the fig. 
Sy-co'sis.® The growth or formation 
of sycoma; more particularly, an erup- 
tive disease, in which there are inflamed 
and somewhat hard tubercles clustering 
together in irregular patches about the 
beard and on the scalp. 
Sy'e-nlte, or Si'e-nlte. [From Sye'ne, 
a town in Egypt, where it is found.] A 
granitic aggregate of quartz, felspar, and 
hornblende. 
Syl'la-bus.® [From civ, “together,” 
and XapSurw, to “take:” hence, avWaSeTv, 
to “comprehend.”] An index or com- 
pendium containing the chief heads of a 
treatise or lecture, or of a series of lec- 
tures. 
Syl-vat'I-cus.® The same as Syl- 
vestkis, which see. 
Syl-ves'tris.® [From syl'va, a 
“ wood.”] Growing or living in woods 
or forests. Applied to various plants. 
Syl-vic'o-lus.® [From syl'va, a 
“forest,” and co'lo, to “inhabit.”] Liv- 
ing in woods or forests. 
Sylvii Aquseductus. See Aque- 
duct of Sylvius. 
Sym. A prefix having the same force 
as Syn, which see. 
Sy in-blepti'a-ron,® or Sjfm-bleph'- 
a-rtiin.® [From ovv, “together,” and 
ffKbpaf.oj, the “ eyelid.”] Adhesion of the 
eyelid, chiefly the upper, to the eyeball. 
Sym'bol. [Lat. Sym'bolum; Gr. 
ovySoKov, from ovySaWa>, to “put together,” 
to “compare.”] Literally, “Something 
compared or likened to another:” hence, 
a type, emblem, or sign. 
Sym'bols, Chem'I-cal, otherwise 
SYM 
541 SYM 
SYN 
termed Cliein iwil Als-bre-vi-iVf ions. 
An abbreviated mode of expressing the 
composition of bodies. The elementary 
substances, instead of being written at 
full length, are indicated by the first 
letter of their names, a second letter 
being employed when more than one 
substance begins with the same letter: 
thus, G stands for Carbon, Al for Alumi- 
nium, As for Arsenic, etc. See Ap- 
pendix. 
Sym-met'ri-cal. [Sym met'ricus; 
from symme'tria, “symmetry.”] Having 
symmetry; formed with proper propor- 
tions. Applied to flowers which have an 
equal number of parts in each whorl. 
Sym'me-try. [Symme'tria; from 
avv, “together,” andyerpem, to “ measure.”] 
Adaptation, or the most proper relation of 
the measure of parts to each other and 
to the whole; proportion. Also applied 
to the resemblance which exists in many 
organs that are situated on each side of 
the median line. 
Sjrm-pa-thet'ic. [Syinpathct'i- 
cus; from sympathi'a, “sympathy.”] 
Having, or pertaining to, sympathy; de- 
pending on sympathy. 
Sympathetic Action. See Reflex 
Action. 
Sympathetic liu'bo. Inflamma- 
tion of a gland arising from mere irrita- 
tion, not from syphilis nor gonorrhoea. 
Sympathetic Nerve. See Tri- 
splanchnic Nerve. 
Sym-path'ic. [Sympath'icusu] 
Relating to sympathy. Synonymous 
with Sympathetic. 
Sym'pa-thy. [Sympathi'a; from 
oufinaQiin, to “suffer with.”] The feeling 
or suffering in common, to which differ- 
ent parts of the body are subject. See 
Relations, Organic. 
Sym-pet'a-lous. [From avv, “ to- 
gether,” and ttstolXov, a “ petal.”] Applied 
to flowers which become somewhat mono- 
petalous by a junction of the base of the 
petals with the monadelphous stamens. 
Sjrm-pho-re'sis.* [From avs, “to- 
gether,” and 0opto), to “carry.”] Syno- 
nymous with Congestion, which see. 
Sym-phor-i-car'pus.* [From avv, 
“together,” rpepta, to “bear,” and sapn6s, 
“fruit.”] Bearing fruit clustered to- 
gether. 
Symphy-sis.® [Fromo-vr, “together,” 
and </>vo>, to “produce.”] The natural 
union of bones by means of an inter- 
vening substance; a variety of Synar- 
throsis, which see. In Botany, a grow- 
ing together of parts. 
Rym'pliysis Pu'bis.® (“Symphysis 
of the Pubes.”) The pubic articulation, 
or union of the ossa pubis, which arc 
connected with each other by cartilage. 
Kym-phy-sot'o-my. [Symphyso- 
to'mia; from sym'physis pu'bis, and 
rifivu, to “cut.”] The operation of cut- 
ting or dividing the symphysis pubis; 
otherwise termed the Sigaultian Ope- 
ration. 
Sym-phy-ste'mo-nous. [From 
sym'physis, a “growing together,” and 
oT^iitovf a “stamen.”] Having the sta- 
mens united. 
Syin'pliy-1iim ©f-fic-I-na'le.® The 
systematic name for Comfrey, a plant of 
the Linnman class Pentandria, natural 
order Boraginacese. The roots are very 
mucilaginous, and are used as emollients. 
Sym-pi'e-sis.* [Fromcw, “together,” 
and meats, a “pressing.”] A pressing or 
squeezing together; compression. 
Nym-pi-e-som'c-ter. [Sympie- 
som'etrum; from sympi'esis, and ytrpov, 
a “measure.”] An instrument by which 
to ascertain the degree of pressure of the 
atmosphere; a barometer, or measurer 
of pressure. 
Symp'tom. [Sympto'ma, atis; 
from ov/jnrrcjya, a “chance;” hence, some- 
thing accidental.] A concurring circum- 
stance happening simultaneously with 
the disease, and serving to point out its 
nature, character, and seat. 
$ymp-to-mat'ic. [Symptomat'i- 
cus; from the same.] Relating to symp- 
toms. Applied to a disease which is a 
symptom of another. 
Syiiipto-ma-tog'ni-pliy. [Symp- 
toinatogra'pliia; from avpnrtwya, a 
“chance,” or “symptom,” and ypa(po>, to 
“write.”] A description of the signs or 
symptoms of disease. 
Symp'to-ma-toro-£jr. [Sy 1115s to- 
maiologiu; from avyrrrojya, a “chance,” 
or “symptom,” and \6yos, a “discourse.”] 
The branch of Pathology which treats of 
symptoms or signs; semeiology. 
Syn (<rvs). A Greek preposition sig- 
nifying “with,” “together with;” often 
implying union, harmony, or symmetry. 
Sometimes it is intensive. Before (b), 
y (an), tt (p), or <j> (ph), the v is usually 
changed to y, and before X (l) to the same 
letter: as, avy(3oi\ov for avv(]o\ov, avyycrpia for 
aovycrpM, avyrraOua for owauOeia, avWoyiayds 
for am’Xoyiayds. etc. When avv precedes a 
word beginning with a (s), the v is usually 
dropped: hence, we have ovorrjya, and not 
avvarnya. 
JfiST' Before the Greek letters y, k, and 
542 SYN 
SYN 
X, the v is changed to y: thus, we have 
avyyeveat; for avvyeveaif, avy/cXovo; for ovvkXo- 
vo;, anti avyxvai; for avvxvais. 
Syn-an'tSte-ra?,* or Syit-an-llie'- 
rc-se.* [See next article.] A synonym 
for the Composite, which see. 
Syn-aatfie-rims. [SynaiitBie'- 
rens; from avv, “together,” and anthe'ra, 
an “anther.”] Having stamens joined 
together by anthers, and forming a tube 
round the style. 
Syn'ap-tase. A term sometimes ap- 
plied to Amygdalin. 
Syn-ar-tltro'di-a.® The same as 
Synarthrosis, which see. 
Syn-ar-tBiro'dl-al. [SynartHiro- 
dia'lis.] Belonging to synarthrodia. 
Sym-ar-itliro'sis.* [From avv, “to- 
gether,” and upOpov, a “joint.”] An im- 
movable joint, applied to a class of ar- 
ticulations, having three varieties, Sutura, 
Gomphosis, and Symphysis. 
Syn'carp. [Syncar'pium, Syii- 
car'piam, or Syncar'pus; from avv, 
“together,” and Kapnoj, “fruit.”] A com- 
pound fruit resulting from the coherence 
of several carpels, or fleshy ovaries. 
Sym-car'poiis. [From the same.] 
Formed of two or more united carpels, 
as the orange. 
Syn-«Bioii-dro'sis.* [From avv, “to- 
gether,” and xwdpos, a “cartilage.”] A 
union of bones by intervening cartilage; 
a species of symphysis, as of they>u6e«. 
Syn-eBaoaa-drot'o-my'. [Syncliora- 
drotomia; from synchondro'sis, and 
riyvo>, to “ cut.”] The operation of divid- 
ing a cartilaginous union of bones. Ap- 
plied particularly to the division of the 
sy mphysis pubis. 
Syit-eJjrom’i-cal. The same as Syn- 
chronous. 
Synchro-nous. [Syn’cHoronns; 
from avv, “together,” and \povo;, “time.”] 
Happening at the same time. The pul- 
sations of an artery are nearly synchro- 
nous with those of the heart. 
Sym’-eSay-sis.* [From avyxim, to “con- 
found.”] A mingling, or confounding, 
of the humors of the eye in consequence 
of the rupture of the internal membrane 
and capsule by a blow; also, a dissolu- 
tion of the vitreous humor, or destruc- 
tion of its consistence. 
Syn’cEiysis, Sparkling. A species 
in which sparks flash before the eyes. 
Sjhn-cli'nal. [Syncli'mis; from 
avv, “together,” and cli'no, to “bend,” 
or “incline.”] Inclining or bending to- 
gether, or towards each other. 
SyiscH'nal Ax'is. An imaginary 
line passing along the middle of a valley 
the strata of which dip in opposite di- 
rections and incline towards this line. 
Syn'elo-mas.® [Fromavv, “together,” 
and kXovo;, “tumultuous motion.”] A 
genus of Good’s Nosology, comprising 
diseases characterized by tremulous and 
simultaneous clonic agitation of the 
muscles, more particularly when exerted 
under influence of the will. 
Syn'clonus Bal-lis'inns.* The 
shaking palsy; the Scelotyrbe /estinans 
of De Sauvages. 
Syn'co-pe.* [From avv, intensive, 
and KoiTTw, to “cut,” or “cut short,” to 
“strike.”] (Fr. Evanouissement, E\h'~ 
Literally, a “cutting 
short” of one’s strength. Swooning or 
fainting. The state termed Eeliquium 
animi, being a suspension of respiration 
and the heart’s action, complete or partial. 
A genus of the order Adynamia, class 
Neuroses, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Syn-cop'tic. [Syncop'ticus; from 
syn'copeJ] Belonging to, also causing, 
syncope. 
Syn-cot'y-Ied'o-nous. [Syncoty- 
lcil'oniis; from avv, “together,” and 
kotvXr/SAv, a “cotyledon.”] Having the 
cotyledons soldered together. 
Syn-des-mi'tis, id is.* [From ovvica- 
lios, a “ ligament.”] Inflammation of the 
ligaments. 
[Syndes- 
; from ovvicapos, a “liga- 
ment,” and ypatjioi, to “write.”] A de- 
scription of the ligaments. 
$yn-des-mol'o-£y. [Syndesmolo’- 
fyia; from avvdeoyos, a “ligament,” and 
Xoyoj, a “discourse.”] A treatise on liga- 
ments ; or the science of ligaments. 
Syn-des’mos.® [From avv, “to- 
gether,” and kayo;, a “band.”] That 
which binds together: hence, a ligament. 
Nyiwles-mo'sis.® [From ovvSeayos, a 
“ligament.”] Union of bones by liga- 
ment, as of the radius and ulna; a spe- 
cies of symphysis. 
Syn-des-mot'o-my. [Syndesmo- 
to'mia; from avvisayo;, a “ligament,” 
and reyvcj, to “cut.”] Dissection of the 
articular ligaments. 
Syn-e-chi'a.® [From avvtxsia, “con- 
tinuity.”] Adhesion of the iris to tho 
cornea, then termed Synechia anterior; or 
to the capsule of the lens, called Syn- 
echia posterior. 
Syn-e'ma,* more correctly Syn-ne'- 
ma.* [From avv, “together,” and vijya, 
a “thread,” or “filament.”] A name for 
a column of monadelphous filaments. 
543 SYN 
SYN 
Syn-or'&ic. [Syner'gicus.] Re- 
lating to synergy. 
Syn'or-gy. [Synergi'a; from avv, 
“together,” and epyov, a “work.”] The 
combined action of several organs di- 
rected to one end, as in digestion. 
Syii-ffc-ne'sI-Ji. 3 [See next article.] 
A Linnatan class of plants having the 
anthers united in a ring or tube, as in 
all Composites. 
Sjfn-gc-ne'si-ous, or sin-je-nee'shiis. 
[Syngene'sius; from avv, “together,” 
and yevcais, “generation,” or “produc- 
tion.”] Literally, “produced or grow- 
ing together.” Having anthers united 
into a tube, the filaments being mostly 
separate and distinct. 
Syn-I-ze'sis,* or Syn-e-zi'sis.® 
[From to “sit or sink together,” 
to “ collapse,” to “ shrink up.”] A term 
applied to the contraction or obliteration 
of the pupil of the eye. It is often con- 
genital, but sometimes the result of dis- 
ease or accident. 
Syrn-iieu-ro'sis.® [From avv, “to- 
gether,” and vevpdot, to “nerve.”] Union 
of bones by intervening membrane; a 
species of symphysis. 
Myji'o-clia.® [From avvo\o;, “unin- 
termitted;” from awexoo, to “ hold to- 
gether,” to “continue.”] A pure inflam- 
matory fever. A genus of the order 
Febrcs, class Pyrexias, of Cullen’s Nosol- 
ogy. 
Syn'o-fli us.* [Gr. owoyoj.] Applied 
t > mixed fever. A genus of the order 
Febrcs, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
Rjrn-od'ic, or Syn-od'I-cal. [Syn- 
od'icus; from ovvolos, a “ meeting.”] 
Applied to a lunar month, or tho time 
between two conjunctions of the sun 
and moon, consisting of twenty-nine 
days, twelve hours, and about forty-four 
minutes. 
Synonym. See Syxonymk. 
Synonyme, or Synonym, sin'o- 
nim. [Gr. ow omyog, “ of like name or 
meaning;” from avv, “with,” and ovoya, 
a “ name.”] One of two words in the 
same language which have the same or 
a similar signification. An equivalent 
or superseded name. 
[Synonym'ia: from 
the same.] The use of synonymes; that 
which relates to synonymes, or the 
expression of the same meaning by dif- 
ferent words. 
Syn-op'sis.* [From avv, “ together,” 
and o’-peg, a “ view.”] A collective view 
of any subject; a compendious state- 
ment; a collection of things so arranged 
as to present the principal parts in a 
general view. 
Syn-os-te-og-'ra-pSiy. [Synostco- 
from avv, “together/’ darkav, 
a “ hone,” and ypajxn, to “ write.”] A 
description of the joints. 
Syn-os-te-olo-gy. [Synosteolo'- 
gia; from avv; “ together,” darcov, a 
“ bone,” and \vyo;, a “ discourse.”] The 
doctrine of the joints; a treatise on the 
joints. 
Syn-os-te-oph'y-tum.* [From avv, 
“together,” darcov, a “bone,” and 
a “ plant.”] Congenital osseous growth : 
a synosteophyte. 
Syn-os-te-o'sis.* [From avv, “ to- 
gether,” and oar con, a “ bone.”] Union 
of bones by ossific deposit. 
Kyn-os-ic-ot'o-my. [Synosteo- 
to'mia; from avv, “ together,” darcov, a 
“ bone,” and rljivut, to “ cut.”] Dissec- 
tion of the joints. 
Syn-o'vl-a.5 [Supposed to be de- 
rived from avv, perhaps implying union 
or close resemblance, and uov, an “egg,” 
on account of its resemblance to the 
white of an egg.] The unctuous fluid 
secretion of certain glands in the joints, 
with which the cartilaginous surfaces of 
the articulating heads of bones are lubri- 
cated and their motions facilitated. 
Syn-o'vl-al. [Synovia'lis.] Re- 
lating to the synovia. 
Syn-o-vi'tis, 1 dis.* [From syno- 
via'Us, “ synovial.”] Inflammation of a 
synovial membrane. 
Syn-te-no'sis.® [From avv, “ to- 
gether,” and tcvojv, a “ tendon.”] A kind 
of articulation in which the bones are 
connected by tendons. 
Sy n-thcr'inal. I Synther'malus; 
from avv, “together with,” and Ocpyri, 
“ heat.”] Of equal heat or temperature. 
Syn'the-sis.* [From aw, “together,” 
and ridnyi, to “put,” or “place.”] Lite- 
rally, “putting together,” or composition. 
The formation of a compound substance 
by the union of several distinct elements; 
the opposite of analysis. Also, a surgical 
operation which consists in uniting parts 
which have been divided. 
Syn-thet'ic. [Synthct'icus.] Re- 
lating to synthesis, or effected by syn- 
thesis. Synthetic operations in Chemis- 
try are those in which compounds are 
formed by the union of elements, or 
component substances. 
Syn'to-nin, or Syn'to-nlne. [From 
awra'voj, to “stretch,” or “draw;” refer- 
ring to the peculiar property of muscular 
544 fibre.] A name given by Lehmann to a 
peculiar substance obtained from muscu- 
lar fibre by the action of dilute muriatic 
acid. 
Syph-i-lel'cos,* or Sjph-l-lelciis.' 
[From syph'ilis, and c\ko;, an “ ulcer.”] 
A vonereal or syphilitic ulcer; a chancre. 
Syph-I -lel-co'sis.® [From syphilel'- 
cos.] The growth or progress of syphi- 
litic ulcer, or chancre. 
Sy-phil'l-«les.* [From syph'ilis.] 
Skin-diseases arising from syphilis. 
Syp’i-i-li-dcK'htEius.’ [From 
syph'ilis, and b\0r\, a “rising ground.”] 
A syphilitic tubercle. 
Syph-I-lI-«lo-col-pi'tis, idis.* 
[From syph'ilis, and colpi'tis, “inflam- 
mation of the vagina.”] Syphilitic in- 
flammation of the vagina. 
Syph-i-ll-dog'ra-phy. [Syphili- 
dogra'pSiia; from syph'ilis, and ypu<i>o, 
to “ write.”] A history of syphilis. 
Syph-I-li-dol'o-gy. [Syphilido- 
lo'gia; from sypjh'ilis, and Xoyo;. a “dis- 
course.’-] The doctrine or science of 
syphilis, and its treatment. 
SypSi-i-li-doph-thal'im-a.*- [From 
syph'ilis, and ophthal'mia.] Syphilitic 
ophthalmia. 
SypBs-il-I-oai'tSms.* [From syph'ilis, 
and lovOo), an “ eruption on the face.”J 
Copper-colored scaly eruption, or 
patches : the effect of syphilis. 
Sypli'I-Iis, idis.* [Etymology un- 
certain.] (Fr. Verole, v&’rol'.) Vulgarly 
called Pox. The true venereal disease, 
otherwise termed Lues venerea, and Mor- 
bus Gallicus. A genus of the order 
Impetigines, class Cachexia, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Syph'ilis, Con-stl-tu'tion-al. The 
same as secondary syphilis. See next 
article. 
Syph'ilis, Sec'on-da-ry. Applied to 
syphilis after the morbific matter has 
been absorbed and diffused through the 
system. The symptoms of this condition 
of the disease (termed “ secondary symp- 
toms”) are ulcers in the throat, blotches 
on the skin, pain in the bones, etc. 
Syph-i-lit'ic. [Syphiliticus.] 
Pertaining to syphilis. 
Syph-il-I-za'tion. [Syphiliza'tio, 
o'nis; from syph'ilis.] Applied t > the 
condition induced by the successive inocu- 
lation of animals with syphilitic poison. 
Syph-l-lo-tc'lLs,i'dis* [From syph'- 
ilis, and whig, a “stain,” or “spot.”] 
Byphilitic patches on the skin. See 
Syphilionthus. 
Syphi-loid. tSyphiIoi'des; from 
SYP 
syph'ilis, and silo;, a “ form.”] Resem- 
bling syphilis. 
Sypli-i-lol'e-pis, i dis.* [From 
syph'ilis, and Arm's, a “ scale.”] Syphilitia 
scale, or scaly eruption. 
Sypll-i-lopll'lj-sis.* [From syph'- 
ilis, and (pXvois, an “ eruption.”] Syphi- 
litic eruption. 
Syr. = Syru'pus.* “ A syrup.” 
Sy-rin'ga Vul-gu/ris.® The syste 
matic name of the Lilac, a plant of the 
natural order Oleacese. The leaves have 
been used as tonics and antiperiodics. 
Syr'lngre. [Lat. Sy'rinx; Gr. 
tripiyf; Fr. Seringue, seh-raNg'.] An in- 
strument for injecting liquids into any 
vessel or cavity. 
Sy-rin'g-oid. [Syringoi'des; from 
sy'rinx, a “pipe,” and clios, a “form.”] 
Resembling a pipe or tube. 
Sy-rin'ffo-tome. [Syrlngot'o- 
imim; see Syringotomy.] An instru- 
ment for cutting fistulae. 
Syr-iii-got'o-iny. [ Sy ringoto'- 
liila; from sy'rinx, a “pipe,” or “fistu- 
la,” and t£jii/co, to “ eut.”J The operation 
of laying open a fistula. 
Sy'rinx.® [Gr. A pipe or 
fistula: a syringe. 
Syr'up. [Syru'pus; from the Arabic 
Skerah, sheh-iAb', a “ sweet or pleasant 
drink;” often used for “wine.”] (Fr. 
Sirop, sAro'.) Sugar dissolved in water; 
distinctively termed Syrupus simplex, or 
“ simple syrup.” Also, any composition 
of the juice of herbs, flowers, or fruits, 
boiled with sugar to a thick consistence. 
Sy-ru'pus,® plural Sy-ru'pi. The 
Ph. rmacopceial name for “syrup.” 
Only a few of the more import- 
ant syrups are here given. For the rest, 
see U. S. Pharmacopoeia, pp. 299-314. 
Syru'pus Fer'ri I-od'i-di* (“ Syrup 
of Iodide of Iron”), Liq'uor Fer'ri 
Iod'idi,® 1850. Take of iodine, two 
troyounces, iron, in the form of wire 
and cut in pieces, three hundred grains, 
distilled water, three fluidounees, syrup, 
a sufficient quantity. Mix the iodide, 
iron, and distilled water in a flask of 
thin glass, shake the mixture occasion- 
ally, until the reaction ceases and the 
solution has acquired a green color and 
lost the smell of iodine. Then, having 
introduced a pint of syrup into a gradu- 
ated bottle, heat it by means of a water- 
bath to 212°, and, through a small fun- 
nel inserted in the mouth of the bottle, 
filter into it the solution already pre- 
pared. When this has passed, close the 
bottle, shake it thoroughly, and, when 
SYR 
545 SYR 
SYS 
the liquid has cooled, add sufficient 
syrup to make the whole measure twenty 
fluidounces. Lastly, again shake the 
bottle and transfer its contents to two- 
ounce vials, which must be well stopped. 
Syru'pus Fus'cus.* (“ Brown Syr- 
up.”) Molasses. The name applied to 
the impure, dark-colored syrup obtained 
in making sugar from the Saccharum. 
officinarum. It has been placed on the 
primary list of the Materia Medica of 
the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Syru'pus Ip-e-cac-u-an'liae.* 
(“ Syrup of Ipecacuanha.”) Take of fluid 
extract of ipecacuanha, two fluidounces, 
syrup, thirty fluidounces. Mix them. 
Nyru'pus Pru'ni Vir-£iii-i-aii;e.: 
(“Syrup of Wild Cherry [Bark].”) Take 
of wild cherry bark, in coarse powder, 
five troyounces, sugar, in coarse powder, 
twenty-eight troyounces, water, a suffi- 
cient quantity. Moisten the bark tho- 
roughly with water, and allow it to stand 
for twenty-four hours in a close vessel; 
then pack it firmly in a glass percolator, 
and gradually pour water upon it until 
a pint of filtered liquid is obtained. To 
this, transferred to a bottle, add the 
sugar, and agitate occasionally until it 
is dissolved. 
Syr up us Rlie'i Ar-o-mati-cus.* 
(“Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb.”) Take 
of rhubarb, in moderately fine powder, 
two troyounces and a half, cloves, in 
moderately fine powder, cinnamon, in 
fine powder, each half a troyounce, nut- 
meg, in moderately fine powder, one 
hundred and twenty grains, syrup, six 
pints, diluted alcohol, a sufficient quan- 
tity. Mix the powders, and, having 
moistened the mixture with two fluid- 
ounces of diluted alcohol, introduce it 
into a conical percolator, and pour di- 
luted alcohol upon it until a pint of tinc- 
ture has passed. Add this to the syrup 
previously heated, and mix them tho- 
roughly. 
Syru'pus (“Syrup of 
Squill.”) Take of vinegar of squill, a 
pint, sugar, in coarse powder, twenty- 
four troyounces. Dissolve the sugar in 
the vinegar of squill with the aid of a 
gentle heat, and strain the solution 
while hot. 
Syru'pns Soil'Inc t'rtm-posi-tus.® 
(“Compound Syrup of Squill.”) Take 
of squill, in moderately coarse powder, 
seneka. in moderately fine powder, each 
four troyounces, tartrate of antimony 
and potassa, forty-eight grains, sugar, 
in coarse powder, forty-two troyounces, 
diluted alcohol, water, each a sufficient 
quantity. Mix the squill and seneka, 
and, having moistened the mixture with 
half a pint of diluted alcohol, allow it to 
stand for an hour. Then transfer it to 
a conical percolator and pour diluted 
alcohol upon it, until three pints of 
tincture have passed. Boil this for a 
few minutes, evaporate it by means of a 
water-bath to a pint, add six fluidounces 
of boiling water, and filter. Dissolve 
the sugar in the filtered liquid, and, 
having heated the solution to the boil- 
ing point, strain it while hot. Then 
dissolve the tartrate of antimony and 
potassa in the solution, while still hot, 
and add sufficient boiling water through 
the strainer to make it measure three 
pints. Lastly, mix the whole thoroughly 
together. 
Sj's-pa'si-a.* [From ow, “together,” 
and uttuo}, to “draw.”] A Greek term 
equivalent to the Latin Convulsio (“con- 
vulsion”), forming the name of a genus 
in Dr. Good’s Nosology. 
Sjhs-sar-co'sis.® [From avv, “to- 
gether,” and oapKow, to “ make strong.”] 
Union of bones by connecting muscle. 
Sys-tat'I-ca.* [From auviarripi, to 
“place together,” to “associate.”] The 
name of an order in Good’s Nosology, 
comprising diseases which affect the dif- 
ferent sensorial powers simultaneously, 
as sleeplessness, torpor, etc. 
Sys'tom. [Lat. Syste'ma; Gr. crar- 
ritpa, from o-wtcrityii, to “place together.”] 
Originally, a “ whole composed of a num- 
ber of different partshence, a regu- 
lar government; the constitution of a 
state. A methodical collection, arrange- 
ment, or classification of many things 
together; a connected statement of the 
truths of some department of science or 
art. In Astronomy, a hypothesis of a 
certain order and arrangement of the 
celestial bodies, by which their apparent 
motions are explained. The solar sys- 
tem consists of the sun and all the celes- 
tial bodies whose motions are controlled 
by his attraction, viz., the planets, satel- 
lites, and comets. 
System, Sexual. See Sexual Sys- 
tem. 
S.fs-te-iiiatic. [Systemat'icus; 
from st/ste'ma, a “ system.”] According 
or pertaining to system or regular ar- 
rangement; methodical. 
Systematic Bot'a-ny. The second 
great department of botanical science, 
or the study of plants in their relations 
to one another as forming a vegetabln 
546 SYS 
TJE 
kingdom. It treats of plants as members 
of a system or orderly parts of a whole, 
and arranges them in classes, orders, 
genera, and species. 
Sys-tem-a-tel'o-gjr. [Systemato- 
lo'gia; from syste’ma, a “system,” and 
Xoyoj, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the 
various systems; the doctrine of systems 
or arrangements in science. 
Sys-tem'ie. [System 'icus.] Per- 
taining to the whole system; belonging 
to the general system: as, “systemic cir- 
culation,” used in contradistinction to 
“pulmonic circulation.” 
Sys'to-le.® [From irwmXXa), to “draw 
together,” or “contract.”] The con- 
traction of the heart, by which, with its 
altcrnate dilatation (diastole), the circu- 
lation of the blood is carried on. 
Sys-tol'ic. [Systol'ieus.] Per- 
taining to systole. 
Sys-trem'ma, atis.* [Gr. 
to “ twist or roll together.”] Applied to 
cramp in the muscles, or the calf of the 
leg. 
Sys-ty'Ius.* [From avv, “together,” 
and oroXof, a “ style.”] Applied to a 
plant the styles of which are joined into 
a single column : systy'lous. 
Syz'y-sy- [Syzyg'ia; from avv, 
“together,” and $vyov, a “yoke.”] In 
the plural (Syzygies) the places of the 
moon or planets when in conjunction 
with, or opposition to, the sun. 
T. 
T Bandage. A bandage formed some- 
what like the letter T, for supporting 
dressings in diseases of the anus, groin, 
perinamm, etc. 
Tab'a-cum.* Tobacco. The Phar- 
maeopoeial name || for the dried leaves 
of Nicotiana tabaeum. See Tobacco. 
Tab'a-stoeer, written also Taba- 
scSiir. A silicious substance found in 
the joints of the bamboo, sometimes fluid, 
but generally in a concreted state. It has 
been used in obstruction of the bowels. 
Ta'bes.* Consumption, or wasting, of 
the body. A genus of the order Marcores, 
class Cachexies, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Ta'bes Cox-a'rl-a.* (“Hip Con- 
sumption or Wasting.”) A wasting of 
hhe thigh and leg, from abscess in the 
hip. Essentially the same as Coxarum 
Morbus, which see. 
Ta'bes Dor-sa'lis.* (“Dorsal Con- 
sumption or Wasting.”) A disorder of 
the spinal marrow, consequent on vene- 
real excesses. 
Ta'bes Mes-en-ter'I-ca.* The Ta- 
bes scro/ulosa. 
Ta'bes I»u3-mo-na'lis.i6 (“ Pulmo- 
nary Consumption or Wasting.”) See 
Pulmonary Consumption. 
Ta'bes Scrof-u-lo'sa.* (“ Scrofu- 
lous Consumption.”) A disease consist- 
ing in a scrofulous affection of the mes- 
enteric glands (hence also called Ta'bes 
mesenter'ica), connected with a mirbid 
condition of the functions of digestion 
and assimilation. 
Ta-b#s'<;eiit. [Tabes'cens; from 
tabes’co, to “waste away.”] Wasting 
or shrivelling. 
Tab'u-la Y’it're-a.* (“ Glassy 
Table.”) A term applied to the internal 
plate of the occipital bone, on account of 
its brittleness. 
Tab'u-lar. [Prom tab'ula, a “board,” 
or “ table.”] Like a board or table. In 
Botany, flattened horizontally. 
Taccaceae,* tak-ka'she-e. [Prom 
Tac'ca, one of the genera.] A small 
natural order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in the hotter parts of 
India and in the tropical parts of Africa. 
Ta-ehyg'ra-phy. [Tachygra'- 
pbia; from ra\vg, “short,” and ypa<pw, to 
“writer"] Shorthand. See Stenography. 
Tac'tlle. [Tac'tilis; from tac'tus, 
“touch.”] Pertaining to touch. 
Tac'tion. [Tac'tio; from tan'go, 
tac'tum, to “ touch.”] The act of touch- 
ing: touch. 
Tac'tus.* [Prom the same.] The 
sense of Touch, which see. 
Tac'tus Er-u-di'tus.* (“Instructed 
[or Skilful] Touch.”) That delicate and 
discriminating sense of touch resulting 
from the union of judgment and expe- 
rience. 
Tac'tus Ex-pcr'tus.* (“Experi- 
enced Touch.”) Essentially the same as 
the Tactus Eruditus, which see. 
Tse'nI-a.* [Gr. rama.] Originally, 
a “fillet,” “band,” or “riband.” Ap- 
plied to the tapeworm, a genus of intes- 
tinal worms having long, flat, and jointed 
bodies. 
Tae'nia Hip-po-cam'pi.® The Cor- 
pus FimbriXtum, which see. 
Tse'nia Ea'ta* (“ Broad Tape-' 
worm”); also called S»ot li-rI-o-«;epli iy- 
547 TiE 
TAN 
lns.* A worm found in the human in- 
testines. It sometimes attains an enor- 
mous length,—fifty or sixty yards, ac- 
cording to some writers. 
Tse'nia ©s'cu-lis Mar-gi-nal’i- 
bus.* (“Tapeworm with Marginal 
Mouths or Foramina.”) The long tape- 
worm, or Tasnja Solium. 
Tae'nia Sem-i-cir-cn-la'ris.® 
(“Semicircular Band.”) A narrow, fi- 
brous, semi-transparent band, situated 
in the groove between the optic thalamus 
and corpus striatum. 
Tse'nia So'll-um.* The long tape- 
worm; also called Trenia osculis margi- 
nalibus. It infests the upper part of the 
intestines, and is not unfrequently from 
twenty to thirty feet long, and is said to 
be sometimes much longer. 
Tse'nia Ta-ri'ni.* (“Band of Tari- 
nus.”) A yellowish horny band which 
lies over the vena corpora striata of the 
brain, first noticed by Tarinus. It is a 
thickening of the lining membrane of 
the ventricle. 
Tse'iil-oid. [Twnioi'des: from tad - 
nia, a “riband.”] Resembling a riband. 
Taffetas Vfisieacit, tif'tS,' \AzA'- 
koN°\ (“ Blistering Cloth.”) The same 
as Pannus Vesicatorius, which see. 
Ta'fl-a.* Rum, or the spirit obtained 
by distillation from the fermented juice 
of the sugar-cane. 
Taille, til. Literally, “cutting.” The 
French term for Lithotomy, which see. 
Tiilc. [Tal'cuEn.J A foliated magne- 
sian mineral, unctuous to the* touch, 
used for tracing lines on cloth, etc. 
Ta'Ic-a.® [From 6a\\6g, a “young 
shoot”?] A Latin word signifying a 
“graft,” “cutting,” “shoot,” or “stock.” 
Taliaco'tian (ta-le-a-ko'shun) ©p-e- 
ra'tion. An operation by which, in 
cases of deformity or deficiency of the 
nose, a new one is made by turning down 
a flap from the forehead, or other part of 
the face; first practised by Taliacotius 
(or Tagliacozzi). See Rhinoplasty, 
Tal'i-pe§, p'edis.* [From ta'lue, the 
“ankle,” and pes, the “foot.”] Applied 
to various kinds of the distortion com- 
monly called club-foot. 
Talipes E-qui'nus* (“Equine 
Club-foot”), or Horse'-Foot. Club-foot 
from simple retraction of the heel, so 
that the ankle seems to resemble that of 
the horse. 
Talipes Val'gns.* Club-foot, with 
distortion outwards, or everSion. 
Tal'ipes Va'rus.* Club-foot, with 
distortion inwards. 
Tallow. [Se'vnm.] Animal fat, 
melted and separated from the fibrous 
matter mixed with it. 
Tal'pa.® Literally, a “mole.” Hence 
applied to a tumor under the skin, com- 
pared to a mole under the ground. Some- 
times it signifies an encysted tumor on 
the head. 
Ta'lus.® Literally, a “die,” with 
which a game of dice was played. Ap- 
plied to the astragalus (or ankle-bone), 
from its resemblance to a die. 
Tamaricaceae,® tam-a-re-ka'she-e. 
A small natural order of exogenous 
plants (shrubs or herbs), confined to the 
Northern hemisphere and the Old World. 
It includes the Tam'arix (Tamarisk), 
Mgrica'ria, and Trichaunis. Several of 
the species are astringent or tonic; and 
one, the Tam'arix mannif era, 3rields a 
kind of manna, consisting of mucilagi- 
nous sugar. 
Tam-a-rin'dus.* [From tamar 
(Arabic), a “date,” and In'due, “ Indian.”] 
A Linntean genus of the class Mona- 
delphia, natural order Leguminosse. Also, 
the Pharmacopceial name |] for the pre- 
served fruit of the Tainarindus Indica. 
It ii refrigerant and laxative. 
Tamarin'diw In'dl-ca.* (“ Indian 
Tamarind.”) The systematic name of 
the tamarind-tree. 
Tai)i.i-ri\ Gal'II-ea.* The sys- 
tematic name of the common Tamarisk, 
a tree of the Linnman class Pcntandria, 
and natural order Tamaricaecee. The 
bark, wood, and leaves are bitter and 
astringent, and have been employed in 
medicine. 
Tam'p$n. (French pronunciation, 
toM'piw°'.) Literally, a “plug,” or “stop- 
per.” A portion of rag, sponge, etc., used 
in Plugging, which see. 
Ta'imis Com-mu'nis.® The sys- 
tematic name of common Black Bryony. 
The root is diuretic. 
Taii-a-cctum. Tansy. A Linnman 
genus of the class Kyngenesia, natural 
order Composite. Also, the Pharmaco- 
pceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb of 
the Tanac.e' turn vidga're. It is chiefly 
used as an anthelmintic. 
Tanaee'tniEi Vul-ga're.® The com- 
mon tansy-plant; also called Tanasia. 
Ta-na'sl-a.* A name for Tanace'tum 
vidga're. 
Tan gent. [Tan'greiis; present par- 
ticiple of tan'go, to “touch.”] Literally, 
“touching,” or “that which touches.” 
The tangent to a curve is a straight line 
which meets or touches the curve with- 
548 TAN 
TAR 
out intersecting it. In Trigonometry, a 
tangent is a straight line which touches 
a circular arc at one of its extremities, 
and is terminated by the production of 
the radius passing through the other ex- 
tremity. 
Tan'nate. [Tan'uas, a'ti«.] A com- 
bination of tannic acid (or tannin) with 
a base. 
Tan'nic A$'id. The same as Tannin, 
which see. 
Tau'iiin. [Tanni'num; so called 
from its use in tanning.] (Fr. Acide 
tannique, &'s£d' Tannic acid 
(the A<;'idum tan'nicum of the Pharma- 
copoeias.) The peculiar astringent prin- 
ciple of vegetable substances on which 
their power of converting skins into lea- 
ther depends. It is a powerful astrin- 
gent. 
Tansy. See Tanacetum Vulgare. 
Tan'ta-1 um.® The same as Colum- 
bium, which see. 
Tapeworm. See T.enia. 
Tapeworm, Tong;. See T.enia So- 
lium. 
Tap-I-o'ca.® The Pharmacopceial 
name (U.S. Ph.) for the fecula of the 
root of the Janiplia Manihot. As an 
article of food it is mild and easy of 
digestion, and forms an excellent diet for 
the sick or convalescent. 
Tapping. See Paracentesis. 
Tap'-Koot. A fleshy main root taper- 
ing downwards, having a moderate thick- 
ness compared with the length, and ex- 
tending in a nearly vertical direction, as 
in the pine, maple, parsnip, etc. 
Tar. A dark-brown, viscid liquid, ob- 
tained by heating the wood of the pine 
or fir tree. It consists of resin, empy- 
reumatic oil, and acetic acid. 
Tar, Barbadoes. See Petroleum 
Barbadense. 
Tar-an-tis'mus.* [From taran’tula, 
a peculiar kind of venomous spider.] 
Tarantism. The morbid desire of ex- 
cessive motion, or dancing, said to be 
excited by music in those affected by the 
bite of the tarantula. 
Ta-ran'tu-Ia.® A species of poison- 
ous spider, whose bite was supposed to 
be cured by music. 
Ta-rax'a-cnm.* Dandelion. The 
Pharmacopceial name ]] for the root of the 
Tarax'aciim Dens-leo'nis. It is slightly 
tonic, diuretic, and aperient, and appears 
to have a specific action on the liver. It 
has sometimes proved extremely bene- 
ficial in affections accompanied by tor- 
pidity of that organ. 
Tamx'acnm Cof'fee. Dandelion 
Coffee; a powder consisting of tarax- 
acum-roots, cleaned, dried, and powdered, 
and mixed with coffee. 
Tarax'aciim Dens-le-o'nis.® 
(“Tooth of Lion.”) The systematic 
name of the dandelion. See Taraxa- 
cum. 
Ta-rax'is.® [From rapaaoio, to 
“ trouble,” or “confound.”] A slight 
inflammation of the eye. 
Tar-di-iio'rus.® [From tar'dus, 
“slow,” or “late,” and jios, a “flower.”] 
Flowering late. 
Tardigrada. See Tardigradus. 
Tar-dig'ra-dns.* [From tar'dus, 
“slow,” and gra'das, a “step.”] Tardi- 
grade. Moving slowly. Applied in the 
plural neuter (Tarduj'rada) to certain 
animals, which from their peculiar con- 
struction move with excessive slowness, 
as the sloths. 
Target-SImped. See Peltate, 
Scutiform, and Thyroid. 
Tarini Pons. See Pons Tarini. 
Tar'sal. [Tarsa'lis; from tar'sus.] 
Belonging to the tarsus; also, to the 
cartilage of the eyelid. 
Tar'sal Car'ti-la-ges. The thin 
elastic plates which give shape to the 
eyelids. 
Tar'si,® gen.Tar-so'ram, the plural 
of Tarsus, which see. 
Tar-so-phy'ma, atis.* [From tar'- 
sus, and <j>vpa, a “growth.”] A morbid 
growth or tumor of the tarsus. 
Tar-sor'rlisi-phy. [Tarsorrlm'- 
pliia; from tar'sus, and paifu, a “ suture.”] 
The uniting by suture any wound of the 
eyelids near the tarsus. 
Tar-sot'«-my. [Tarsoto'mia: from 
tar'sus, and Ttpvw, to “cut.”] A cutting 
of the tarsus, or cartilage of the eye- 
lid. 
Tar'sus,® plural Tar'sl. [From 
rapaos, the “instep.”] That portion of 
the foot between the metatarsal bones 
and the leg, itself comprising seven 
bones; the instep. Also, the thin carti- 
lage towards the edge of each eyelid, 
giving it firmness and shape. Applied 
also to a number of minute joints in in- 
sects, forming the fifth principal segment 
of the leg or foot. 
Tar'tar. [Tar'tarum, or Tar'ta- 
rus.] The substance which concretes 
on the inside of wine-casks; the impure 
supertartrate of potash. Also, an earthy- 
like substance deposited from the saliva, 
which becomes incrusted on the human 
teeth. See Odontolithus, and Tophus. 
549 TAR 
TEC 
Tar'tar, Cream of. The bitartrato 
of potash. See Potass.® Bitartras. 
Tar'tar K-met'ie. The tartrate of 
antimony and potassa (Antimo'nii et 
2>otas'sx tar'tras) of the U.S. Pharmaco- 
poeia, or Antimo'nium tartara'tum, (Br. 
Ph.), also termed Antimo'nii potas'sio- 
tar'tras, and Antimo’nium tartariza'turn. 
Tartar emetic is the most valuable of all 
the preparations of antimony. It is a 
powerful arterial sedative: in small doses 
it acts as a diaphoretic, in large quanti- 
ties as an emetic, and sometimes as a 
cathartic. 
Tarla-rat-esl An'ti-ino-ny. [Ant i- 
ino'nium Tartara'tum.] See Tar- 
tar Emetic. 
Tar-tar'ic. [Tartar'icus.] Applied 
to an acid obtained from tartar. It is 
refrigerant and antiseptic. 
Tar'ta-rlzed An'timony. [Anti- 
nio'nium Tartariza'turn.) See Tar- 
tar Emetic. 
Tar'trate. [Tar'tras, a'f/*.] A com- 
bination of tartaric acid with a base. 
Tartrate of Antimony ami S’o- 
tassa. See Tartar Emetic. 
Tartre des Bents, tautR di doN°. 
(“Tartar of the Teeth.”) The French 
term for Odontolith us, which see. 
Taste. [Lat. Ctus'tus; Fr. Gout, goo.] 
That sense by which we perceive the sa- 
vors of certain bodies upon the tongue, 
which is its principal organ. The lips, 
the inside of the cheeks, the palate, 
teeth, velum pendulum palati, pharynx, 
oesophagus, and even the stomach, are 
also susceptible of impressions by con- 
tact with the same bodies, which are 
termed sapid bodies. 
Taste, Morbid. See Parageusis. 
Tastc'less A'gue-Brop. An arseni- 
cal solution, formerly in great repute, for 
which Fowler’s solution, or the Liquor 
arsenicalis, is now substituted. 
Tastc'less .Salt. A name for phos- 
phate of soda. 
Tau'rin. [Tauri'na; from ravpos, 
a “bull.”] A particular animal sub- 
stance in bile, first discovered in ox- 
gall. 
Tau-ro-ehol'ic. [Taurochol'icus; 
from tau'ms, a “ bull,” or “ ox,” and \o\fi, 
“ bile.”] A term applied to a peculiar 
acid found in the bile of the ox, asso- 
ciated with <flyeholic acid. The latter, 
or a substance nearly allied to it, is found 
in the human bile, in which, however, 
taurocholic acid appears to be wanting. 
Taxaeese,® tax-a'she e. A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
Jound in the milder climates of a great 
part of the world. It includes the 
Tax' us (Yew), and other trees which are 
valuable for timber. 
Tax-wlermie. [Taxider'minis.] 
Belonging to taxidermy. 
Tax-l-der'iny. [Taxider'mia; 
from ru|<y, “ arrangement,” and iipya, a 
“skin.”] The art of stuffing and pre- 
serving the skins of animals so as to re- 
present their natural appearance, habits, 
and attitudes in life. 
Tax'is.® [From ratreoj, to “put in 
order.”] The operation of replacing by 
the hand, without instruments, any parts 
which have quitted their natural situa- 
tion, as in the reduction of hernia, etc. 
Tax-olo-gry, or Tax-on'o-my. 
[From rdfij, “arrangement,” and Auyoj, a 
“ discourse.”] The department of Botany 
which relates to classification. 
Tax-on'o-my. [Taxono'mia; from 
“ arrangement,” and vdyog, a “law.”] 
The theory of classifications; the laws 
which preside at their construction. See 
Taxologv. 
Tax'us.* (Fr. If, &f.) The Yew-tree. 
A tree belonging to the order or tribe 
Coniferx. The leaves have been em- 
ployed as a remedy in epilepsy. 
Tea. [Lat. Tlie'a; Fr. The, t!.] The 
dried leaves of a Chinese evergreen shrub, 
of which there are two varieties, the 
Then Ni'gra. black or bohea tea, and 
Then Vir'idis, green tea. It belongs to 
the Linnman class Polyandria, and nat- 
ural order Ternstromiacem. In the form 
of an infusion it is used more exten- 
sively than any other artificial beverage. 
It is slightly astringent, and produces a 
decidedly exhilarating effect on the ner- 
vous system. When taken by those who 
are unaccustomed to it, it causes wake- 
fulness. 
Tear. [Lat. Iiacli'rynia, or iMie'ry- 
nia; Gr. imp-ya, or daxpvov; Fr. Larme, 
laRin.] A limpid fluid secreted by the 
lachrymal gland, and, in the ordinary 
condition of the part, diffused between 
the eyeball and eyelids, to facilitate their 
movements. A permanent and morbid 
excess of this secretion is termed Epi- 
phora (which see). The tears are saline, 
with a slight alkaline reaction, turning 
delicate vegetable blues to green. The 
term tear is also applied to drops (or small 
pieces) of gum of a globular or semi- 
globular shape, having dried in the form 
they present on issuing from the plant. 
Teeli-no-cau'sis.* [From 
“art,” and Kiivotf, a “burning.”] Artifi- 
550 TEC 
TEM 
cial burning, or application of the moxa, 
hot iron, etc. 
Teeb-nol'o-gy. [Technolo'gia; 
from tcxsti, “art,” and Xoyo,-, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on art or the arts, 
especially the useful arts: a description 
of the arts. 
Tec-noc-to'nl-a.* [From rimov, a 
“child,” and ktcivw, to “kill.”] Child- 
murder, or infanticide. 
Tee-tl-brim'ehi-ate. [Tectibran- 
cliia'tus; from tec'tus, “covered,” and 
bran'chisei] Having branchue more or 
less covered by the mantle. Applied to 
an order of Mollusks. 
Tee-tri’ceS,® the plural of Tectrix. 
Tec'trix, icV*.* [From te'go, tec'turn, to 
“cover.”] Covering or hiding. Applied 
in the plural (tectri'ces) to the feathers 
which cover the quill-feathers and other 
parts of the wings of birds. 
Teeth. See Tooth. 
Teeth, Criiuling of. See Stridor 
Denticm. 
Teeth, Per'ma-nent. [Den tes 
Permanen'tes.] A term applied to 
the teeth of the adult, thirty-two in 
all. See Tooth. 
Teeth'ing. Cutting of the teeth, or 
dentition. 
Teg'men, inis* or Teg-in en' 111 m.® 
[From te'go, to “cover.”] A covering, 
whether scale or membrane, of fruits, 
flowers, etc.: thus, the scales covering the 
leaf-buds of deciduous trees of cold cli- 
mates are called tegmenta. Applied to the 
inner coat of the seeds of plants. Also 
applied to the superior wings of insects 
when coriaceous or pergamcntaceous, and 
furnished with nervures, as in the Orthop- 
tera. 
Teg-men'ta,* the plural of Tegmen- 
tum, which see. 
Teg/ml-nate. [Tegmina'tns.] En- 
veloped in a legmen. 
Teg'u-ment. [Tegument uni; 
from te'go, to “cover.”] Applied to a 
membrane which covers the sori of ferns 
(the indusium, or inrolucrum, of some au- 
thors). Also, nearly the same as In- 
tegument. 
Tegument, t&'gu'moiw'. The French 
term for Integument, which see. 
Teigne, ten or tin. The French term 
for Porrigo, which see. 
Te’la.* A Latin word signifying a 
“web.” Applied to a membrane or tissue. 
Te'la Ail-I-po'sa.® A name for 
Adipose Membrane, which see. 
Te'la Cel-lu-lo'sa.* A name for 
Cellular Tissue, which see. 
Te'la Chor-o-i'«le-a.* (“Choroid 
AVeb.”) A membranous prolongation of 
the pia mater in the third ventricle. 
Te-laii-gi-ee-ta'sl-a,* or Te-lait-gi- 
ec'ta-sis.* [From teXoj, the “end/’ 
ayyelov, a “ vessel,” and cktocis, “ exten- 
sion.”] Literally, an extension of the 
terminations of the vessels (i.e. of the 
capillaries). A term for the dilatation 
of the capillary vessels. 
Te-lan-gi-o'sis.* [From -cXos, the 
“end,” and dyyeiov, a “vessel.”] Disease 
of the capillary vessels. 
Tel-c-ol'o-gy. [Teleolo'gia; from 
TtXof, “end,” or “purpose,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The doctrine of final 
causes; i.e. the doctrine that the different 
parts of the universe have been created 
for a special end or purpose. 
Tele-scope. [Telescopium; from 
rf/Xf, “far off,” and okomw, to “observe,” 
or to “see.”] An optical instrument for 
viewing distant objects; a tube having 
a convex object-glass at one end, and a 
convex (or concave) lens at the other, 
placed at the distance of the sum (or 
difference) of their focal lengths. Tele- 
scopes are of two kinds, ref) acting and 
reflecting : the former depending on the 
use of properly figured lenses through 
which the rays of light pass; and the 
latter on the use of specula or polished 
metallic mirrors which reflect the rays. 
Tellurate. See Telluric. 
Tel'Iu-rat-ed. [Tellura'tus.] Ap- 
plied to a gas which holds tellurium in 
solution. 
Tel-lu'ric. [Tellu riens; from tel- 
hi'rium.\ Belonging to tellurium. Ap- 
plied to the peroxide of tellurium, which 
is called telluric acid, and combines with 
many of the metallic oxides, producing 
a class of compounds called Tellurates. 
Tel-lu'rl-uin.® [From Tel'lux, the 
“earth.” It may be observed that many 
of the metals are named from the differ- 
ent planets. Besides the well-known 
examples of Mercury and Saturn (Latin 
Sutunius, a name for “ lead”), wre have 
Cerium from Certs, Palladium from Pal- 
las, Selenium from orXt)vn, the “moon,” 
etc.] A rare metal found in the gold- 
mines of Transylvania. It is white, 
brilliant, brittle, and easily fusible. Its 
specific gravity is about 6.25. 
Temp. «lext. = Tcm'pvri dex'tro.* 
“To the right temple.” 
Tempo. See Temple. 
Tem'per-a-ment. [Temperamen'- 
tum; from tem'pero, tempera'turn, to 
mix,” to “temper;” because it was 
551 TEM 
TEM 
supposed to depend on the mixture or 
apportioning of the different humors of 
the body.] The peculiar constitution of 
the body; that peculiarity of physical 
organization which to a certain extent 
influences the disposition and character 
of men. 
Many of the old physiologists attached 
great importance to temperament. The 
different kinds have been variously dis- 
tinguished by different writers: the best 
classification is perhaps the following:— 
1. The Sanguineous (or Sanguine) 
Temperament, characterized by a fair and 
ruddy complexion, yellow, red, or light 
auburn hair, a full, muscular develop- 
ment, largo, full veins, and an active 
pulse, all indicating an abundant supply 
of blood. Persons of this description, 
are usually, it is said, of a hopeful dispo- 
sition, fond of pleasure, with strong and 
eager passions, but deficient in constancy 
of purpose, especially when the object of 
their pursuit can only be won by perse- 
verance and long delay. 
2. The Bilious Temperament, cha- 
racterized by a preponderance of bile, 
indicated by a dark or sallow complex- 
ion, black hair, and a slow or moderate 
circulation of the blood. Persons of 
this temperament, it is said, are apt to 
be grave and thoughtful, remarkable for 
firmness and tenacity of purpose, capa- 
ble of long endurance, constant in their 
attachments, implacable in their hate, 
etc. It has been remarked, by a modern 
writer, that nearly all the great tyrants 
mentioned in history, appear to have 
possessed a large share of the bilious 
temperament. 
The term choleric, though often used 
(in accordance with its etymology) as 
synonymous with bilious, implies, in its 
popular acceptation, a certain combina- 
tion of the bilious and sanguineous tem- 
peraments. 
3. The Lymphatic (or Phlegmatic) 
Temperament, resulting, according to 
the old physiologists, from the predomi- 
nance of lymph, or phlegm (which was 
regarded as the cold and watery humor 
of the body), in the system. It is 
characterized by a fair but not ruddy 
complexion, light hair, and a general 
softness or laxity of the tissues. Per- 
sons of this temperament, it is said, are 
apt to be of a mild and amiable dis- 
position, but to possess little activity or 
force of character. 
The ancients reckoned also among the 
temperaments the Atrabilious or Me-* 
lancholic, characterized by a predomi- 
nance of black bile (which was supposed 
to be secreted by the spleen), rendering 
the disposition melancholy and morose; 
and when in great excess, producing hy- 
pochondriasis. This, however, is so ob- 
viously a diseased condition of the sys- 
tem that it scarcely merits a place among 
the other temperaments, which are, pro- 
perly, not forms of disease, but merely 
constitutional peculiarities. 
To the foregoing has been added, more 
recently,— 
4. The Nervous Temperament, cha- 
racterized by the predominance of the 
nervous clement, and by great activity 
or susceptibility of the great nervous 
centre, the brain. Persons possessing 
this temperament are usually distin- 
guished by their impressibility, their 
capability of intense feeling or intense 
excitement (which is often, however, not 
manifested externally), and by the gene- 
ral activity of all those functions directly 
dependent upon the brain and nervous 
system. Literary men, especially those 
distinguished in poetry or imaginative 
literature, are usually of this tempera- 
ment. 
It must, however, be borne in mind, 
that in no instance is any one tempera- 
ment to be found absolutely unmixed, 
but even in the most strongly-marked 
cases it will be qualified by elements be- 
longing to the other temperaments,—not 
to speak of the modifications caused by 
moral or educational influences. Yet, if 
we take the most remarkable examples 
of each class,—that is, those in which 
the peculiar characteristics of some ono 
temperament are most fully developed 
with the smallest admixture of other 
elements,—we shall probably find that, 
though much of a merely fanciful cha- 
racter has been written on this subject, 
the views of the old physiologists are not 
without considerable foundation in truth. 
Tem'pe-ranw. [Sobri'etas, or 
Temperon'tia; from the same.] Mode- 
ration in eating and drinking, an indis- 
pensable condition to the enjoyment of 
perfect health. 
Temperantta,® tem-pe-ran'she-a. 
[From the same.] Agents which reduce 
the temperature of the body when un- 
duly augmented, as cold, acids, certain 
salts, etc. 
Tem’per-ate. [Tempera tus: from 
the same.] Moderate; without excess; 
tempered. 
Tem'pcr-a-ture. [Temperatu'ra; 
552 from the same.] A definite or certain 
degree of sensible heat, as measured by 
the thermometer. 
Tem'ple. [Lat. Tem'pus, oris, plu- 
ral Tem'pora; Gr. sporaps; Fr. Ternpe, 
toMp.] The lateral region of the head 
above a line drawn from the eye and to 
the ear. In Entomology, the part from 
each side of the posterior half of the eyes 
between the forehead and the vertex. 
Tem'po-ra,® the plural of tem'pus, 
the temple of the head. 
Tem'po-ral. [Temporalis.] Be- 
longing to the tempora, or temples. 
Tem-po-ra'lis.* (“Temporal [Mus- 
cle].”) A muscle arising from the tem- 
poral fossa and the semicircular line 
bounding it, and inserted into the upper 
part of the coronoid process of the lower 
jaw. It draws the jaw upwards. 
Temporary Teeth. See Tooth. 
Tem'u-lence. [Teinulen'tia; from 
feme'turn, “strong wine.”] Drunken- 
ness; intoxication. 
Te-na^'I-tjr. [Tenac'itas, a'tis; 
from te'nax, tena'eis, “ tenacious.”] The 
power of resistance which bodies oppose 
to efforts to break them either by shock, 
pressure, or traction. 
Te-nac'u-lum.® [From tc’neo, to 
“hold fast.”] A small, hook-shaped in- 
strument for taking up divided vessels. 
Ten'di-ne£,® gen. Ten'dl-num, the 
plural of Tendo, which see. 
Ten'(lI-nous. [Tondino'sus; from 
ten'do, ten'dims, a “tendon.”] Pertain- 
ing to tendons, or like tendons. 
Tendo Achillis. See Achillis, 
Tendo. 
Ten'don. [Ten'do, inis or oat's, 
plural Ton'd i lies, or Ten'dones; 
from ten'do, to “stretch.”] A white, 
fibrous cord, more or less round, by 
which a muscle is attached to a bone; 
vulgarly, a “guider.” 
Ten'dril, [C’ir'rus.] A tendril is 
commonly a thread-like, leafless branch, 
capable of coiling spirally, by which 
some climbing plants attach themselves 
to surrounding bodies for support. Some- 
times tendrils belong to the leaves, as in 
the pea. 
Te-nes'mus.® [From rime, to 
‘•stretch,” or “strain.”] A constant de- 
sire to go to stool, with great straining, 
but no discharge. 
Ten-on-tog'ra-pliy. [Tenonto- 
grapiiia: from tcvwv, tcvovto;, a “ten- 
don,” and ypu<l>(o, to “write.”] A descrip- 
tion or delineation of the tendons. 
Ten-on-tolo-fiy. [Tenontolo'gia; 
TEM 
from renov, a “tendon,” and Xoyoj, a 
“discourse.”] The doctrine or science 
of the tendons. 
Te-not'o-my. [Tenoto'mia; from 
Tevmu, a “tendon,” and rifttu, to “cut.”] 
The cutting of a tendon with a view to 
remedy certain distortions caused by mus- 
cular contractions. See Loxarthkon. 
Ten sion. [Ten'sio, o'nis; from 
ten'do, ten'sum, to “stroteh.”] The act 
of stretching or straining; the state of 
being stretched or drawn tight. 
Tensive. [Tensivus; from the 
same.] Tending to stretch or make tense. 
Attended with a feeling of tension. 
Ton'sor, o'ris* [From the same.] 
A stretcher, or extender, or that which 
stretches or makes tense. Applied to 
certain muscles. 
Tcn'sor Tym'pa-ni.® (“Stretcher 
of the Tympanum.”) A muscle of the 
tympanum which by its contraction acts 
upon the membrana tympani and modi- 
fies the sense of hearing. 
Ten sor Va-gi ine Fcm'o-ris.® 
(“That which makes tense the Sheath 
of the Thigh.”) The name of a muscle 
which arises from the spine of the ilium 
and is inserted into the fascia lata, 
whence it is also called Fascia'lis and 
Fascia lata. It stretches the fascia, etc. 
Tent. [Ten'ta, Linanien'titm, 
PenicilTum: from ten'do, ten'sum or 
ten' turn, to “stretch,” or “spread.”] A roll 
of lint, or piece of prepared sponge, for 
keeping open or dilating sores, sinuses,etc. 
Tent, Sponge. See Suonge-Tent. 
Tentaele. See Tentaculum. 
Ten-taen-la,® the plural of Tentac- 
ulum, which see. 
Ten-tac'u-late. [Tentaenla'tus; 
from tentac’ulum.] Having tentacula or 
appendages resembling tentacula. 
Ten-tae'u-Imu,® plural Ten-tnc'n- 
la. [F rom ten'to, to “feel often.”] A 
tentacle, or feeler. This term is used in 
a restricted sense to signify the long, 
filiform, inarticulate appendage of the 
mouth of Anellata or Annelides. It is 
also applied to all appendages, whether 
jointed or not, which are used as instru- 
ments of exploration and prehension. 
Tcn-to'rl-um.® [From ten'do, ten'- 
tum, to “stretch.”] Originally, a tent or 
pavilion. Applied to the horizontal pro- 
cess of the dura mater between the cere- 
brum and cerebellum. 
Ten-u-I-cos-ta'tus.® [From ten'uis, 
“slender,” and cos'ta, a “rib.”] Having 
slender ribs. Applied to the leaves of 
plants. 
TEN 
553 TEN 
TER 
Ten-Tt-I-floTiis.* [From ten'uis, 
“slender,” “thin,” andflos, a “flower.”] 
Having slender flowers: tenuiflo'rous. 
Ten-n-l-sil-i-<nia'tlis.* [From ten'- 
uis, “slender,” “thin,” and sil'iqua, a 
“pod.”] Having slender pods. 
Te'pal. [Analogous to Sepal.] A 
name proposed for a leaf or part of a 
perianth when it is uncertain whether it 
belongs to the calyx or corolla. 
Tep-I-da'ri-nin.* [From tep'idus, 
“lukewarm.”] A warm or tepid bath. 
Ter-. “Thrice.” A prefix to names 
of salts, denoting that three atoms of 
acid are combined with one of base. 
Ter-iptol'o-ffy. [Teratolo'gia; 
from ripag, rsparos, a “monster,” and Adyo,-, 
a “discourse.”] That branch of Physi- 
ology which treats of monsters, or the 
various malformations of the organic 
kingdoms of nature. 
Ter-ehlo'rlde of For'myle. A 
name for Chloroform, which see. 
[Terci'na; from ter, 
“thrice.”] The third coat of the ovule 
of a plant,—i.e. the inner coat when the 
ovule has three. 
Tfr-e-bel'la.® [Diminutive of ter'e- 
bra, a “gimlet.”] A kind of instrument 
with which the posterior part of a great 
number of insects is provided, serving 
to pierce the epidermis of vegetables, or 
the skin of animals, in order to deposit 
their eggs. Also, an old name for the 
trepan. 
Terebintacene,* ter-e-bin-ta'she-e, or 
Ter-e-bin-iba'ce-av® [From Tercbin'- 
thus. one of the genera.] The Jussieuan 
name of a natural order of plants. It 
has been divided by Brown, and its 
genera have been chiefly distributed 
between the orders Anacardiacex and 
Amyridacese. 
Ter-e-bin 'tlil-iia.® (“ Turpentine.”) 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the concrete juice of the Pinus palustris, 
and of other species of Pinus. It is 
stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and, in 
large doses, laxative. 
Tercbin'tbina A-nner-I-ca'na.® 
The name for an oleo-resin from the Pi- 
nus palustris and Pinus tseda. 
Terebin' th in a Fan -a-don 'sis* 
(“Canada Turpentine”), or Bal'sam of 
Fir. The Pharmacopoeial name || for the 
juice of the Abies balsamea. It is some- 
times called Bal'samum Canaden'se, or 
‘‘Canada Balsam.” 
Terebin'tbina Flii'a.® The Phar- 
macopoeial name (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
for the Chian (or Cyprian) turpentine. 
Terobin'thina Ven'e-ta.* The 
Pharmacopoeia! name (Ed. Ph.) for 
Venice turpentine, obtained from Pinus 
larix, or the larch-tree. 
Terebin'thina Vnl-gn'ris.* Com- 
mon turpentine obtained from Pinus 
sylvestris. 
Terebintliinae Oleum. See Oi.ettm 
TeREBINTHINjE. 
T£r-e-bin 'thi-nate. [Terobi utlii- 
na'tus.] Of the nature of turpentine; 
containing turpentine. 
Ter'e-bra,* and Tfr-e-bel 'la.* 
[From ter'ebro, to “bore.”] Literally, a 
“borer.” In Surgery, a trepan. 
Terebrantia,® ter-e-bran'sho-a. 
[Neuter plural of ter'ebrans, present par- 
ticiple of ter'ebro, to “bore.”] Literally, 
“boring [animals].” A term applied to 
a section of hymenoptcrous insects pos- 
sessing an instrument (termed ter'ebro, 
or “borer”) for perforating bodies in 
order to deposit their eggs. Some of the 
Terebrantia, for example, the ichneumon- 
fly, deposit their ova in the subcutaneous 
fatty matter found in the larvae and 
pupae of other insects, so that their young 
when hatched are abundantly provided 
with the needful nourishment. 
Te'reS,* gen. T£r'e-tis. A Latin 
adjective, signifying “long and round,” 
“terete.” Applied to two muscles, the 
major and minor, which arise from tlio 
scapula and are inserted into the hume- 
rus. They move the arm in various di- 
rections. 
Te-ret«'. [From te'res, “long and 
round.”] Long and round,—that is, 
having the cross-section circular. 
Ter-e-ti-eau'lis.® [From te'res, 
“round,” “ terete,” and can' I is, a “ stem.”] 
Having a fine rounded stem. 
Ter-gem'i-nate. [Tcrgoni'inus; 
from ter, “thrice,” and gem'inus, “dou- 
ble.”] “Three times double,” or thrice 
twin; as when a forked leaf-stalk has 
two leaflets at the end of each portion, 
and two at the division of the fork. 
Ter-£i-s5>er'nnis.*‘ [From ter'gum, 
the “back,” and mrtpya, “seed.”] Bear- 
ing reproductive corpuscles on the back 
of the leaves; tergispermous. 
Tor'jiil-nal. [From ter'minus, an 
“end.”] Relating to the end. Often 
applied substantively to the terminating 
syllable or syllables of a compound 
term, as -ate in Sulphate, -ides in Cono- 
ides. In Botany, belonging or relating 
to the summit. 
Ter-ml-na'll-a.® A genus of East 
Indian plants of the natural order Com- 
554 TER 
TES 
bretacese. It bears a fruit called Myro- 
balan, which see. 
Ter-ml-uolo-gy. [Teriniiaolo- 
gia; from ter'minus, a “term,” and Adyoj, 
a “discourse.”] A treatise on the doc- 
trine or science of technical terms be- 
longing to the different arts and sciences; 
or that preliminary knowledge which 
teaches us to define the technical or pe- 
culiar terms employed. Often the same 
as Glossology. 
Ter'na-ry. [Tcrna'rius; from ter’ - 
nits. “three,” or “three by three.”] Be- 
longing to the number three, or consist- 
ing of three. Arranged in threes. Ap- 
plied by Dalton to any chemical com- 
pound formed by the union of three 
atoms. See Atomic Theory. 
Ter'nate. [Terna'tus; from the 
same.] Arranged three by three, or 
united in threes; trifoliate. Applied to 
compound leaves, such as that of the 
clover. 
Ter-ni-flo'rous. [Tcrniflo'rus; 
from ter'nus, “by threes,” and jlos, a 
“ flower.”] Having flowers disposed three 
by three. 
Ter-iil-fo'li-ous. [Temifo'Iius; 
from ter'nus, “three by three,” and fo'- 
lium, a “leaf.”] Having verticillated 
leaves, three by three. 
Ter-m-spi'nus.® [From ter'nus, 
“three by three,” and spi'na, a “thorn.”] 
Bearing spines which are arranged three 
by three. 
Ternstromiaceae,® tern-strom-e-a'- 
she-e. [From Ternstro'mia, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees and shrubs, natives of China, Ja- 
pan, India, and America. It includes 
the beautiful Camel'lia Japon'ica and 
the Thc'a (tea-plant), the decoction of 
which is a favorite beverage of the civi- 
lized world. 
Ter'ra.® A Latin word signifying 
the “land;” hence, applied to the planet 
Earth, also to the substances termed 
earths. See Earth. 
Ter'ra ,5 a- pon'i-ea.® (“Japan 
Earih.”) See Catechu. 
Ter'ra I.ena'nl-a. (“Lemnian 
Earth.”) An argillaceous substance, 
prepared, it is said, from the fruit of the 
Bao-bab tree, which has been employed 
as an astringent. 
Ter'ra O-rel-la na, or Ter'ra Or- 
le-a'ma.® Narnes for Annotto, which see. 
Ter'ra Ton-tte-ro'sa.® (“ Heavy 
Earth.”) See Baryta. 
Ter r* O'le-um.® (“ Oil of Earth.”) 
A name for petroleum. 
Ter-ra/que-ous. [From ter'ra, the 
“earth,” and a'qua, “water.”] Consist- 
ing of land and water. 
Ter-rene1. [Terre'niis; from ter'ra, 
the “earth.”] Belonging to the earth; 
terrestrial. 
T€r're-ous. [Ter'reus; from the 
same.] Of the nature of earth; earthy. 
Ter-ro'sus.® [From ter'ra, “earth.”] 
Earthy, or full of earth. 
Tertian, ter'shan. [Tertia'nus; 
from ter'tins, “ third.”] (Fr. Tierce, te- 
crss'.) Applied to one of the most com- 
mon forms of intermittent fever, in which 
the intermission lasts about forty-eight 
hours, and thus the paroxysm returns 
every third day; a genus of the order 
Febris, class Pyrexise, of Cullen’s Nos- 
ology. 
Tertiary, ter'she-a-re. [Teriia'ri- 
us; from the same.] Tertiary strata, a 
series of sedimentary rocks, which lie 
above the primary and secondary strata, 
and are distinguished from them by 
their organic remains. 
Tes'sel-lat-e<l. [Tessella'tus; from 
tessel'la, a “small square stone.”] Hav- 
ing square figures; chequered. 
Tes'su-lar. [From tes'sula, diminu- 
tive of tee'sera, a “square,” or “square 
tile.”] Applied to a system of crystals 
derived from the hexahedron. 
Test. [From the old French taster 
(tdter), to “feel,” to “taste,” to “try.”] 
As a verb, it signifies to “try,” or 
“prove.” Applied in Chemistry, as a 
noun, to any thing by which we distin- 
guish the chemical nature of substances 
from each other: thus, infusion of galls 
is a test of the presence of iron, which it 
renders evident by the production of a 
black color in water and other liquids 
containing that metal. 
Test-I’sVper, or lit mus Pn'per. 
Paper dipped several times in a filtered 
infusion of litmus, and dried after each 
immersion until it is of a deep-purple 
color. It is used as a test of the pres- 
ence of free acids or alkalies. 
Tes'ta.® Originally, an “earthen pot;” 
also, a “shell.” The outer seed-coat or 
integument of a seed. Also, the shell of 
a molluscous animal. See Shell. 
Tes'ta.® Oyster-shell. The Phar- 
macopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for the shell 
of the Os'trea edu'lie. 
Tes'ta O'vi.® “Shell of Egg,” or 
egg-shell. 
Testacea,® tes-ta'she-a, or Tes-ta'- 
ceans. [From tes'ta, a “shell.”] An 
order of molluscous animals comprising 
555 TES 
TET 
those which have a calcareous shell. 
See Shele. 
Testaceans, See Testacea. 
Testacoildrin, tes-ta'sheri-form. 
[Testaceifor'mis; from tes'ta, a 
“shell.”] Having the form of a kind of 
shell. 
Tcstacoojfraptiy, 
[Tcstaccogra'pliia; from testa'ceus, 
and ypjfot, to “write.”] A description 
of tile Testacea. 
Testaceology, tes-ta-she-ol'o-je. 
[Tcstaceolo'gia; from testa'ceus, and 
Xoyos, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on the 
Testacea ; the science of testaceous mol- 
lusks; Conchology. 
Tes-ta'ecous. [Testa'ceus; from 
tes’ta, a “ shell,” or “ earthen pot.”] Be- 
longing to, or having, a shell; of the 
nature of a shell. In Botany, brownish 
yellow, like unglazed earthen-ware. 
TSs'teS,* gen. Tes'tl-nm, the plural 
of Testis, which see. 
Tes'tes ffr'e-bri.5 The two infe- 
rior and posterior of the tubercula quad- 
rigemina. 
Testicle. See Testis. 
Testicle, InSlaiued, or Testicle, 
Swelled. See Orchitis. 
Tes-tic'u-Iate. [Testieula'tus; 
from testic'ulus, a “testicle.”] Having 
the appearance of small testicles. 
Testicular Cord. See Spermatic 
Corp. 
Tes-tic'u-lns.® [Diminutive of tes'- 
tis.] A testicle. See Testis. 
Ttss'tis,* plural Tes'tes. [Literally, 
a “ witness;” because they furnish evi- 
dence of one’s virility.] A testicle, or 
gland which secretes the semen; one of 
two small ovoid bodies contained in the 
scrotum, and more immediately covered 
by a strong while and dense coat called 
Tu'nica albngin’ea. 
Tcs'tis Fce-min'e-iis,® or Tes'tis 
]tlu-li-e'bi'is.5; (“Female Testicle.”) 
A name sometimes applied to the ovary. 
Tes-ti'tis, id is* [From tes'tis, a 
“testicle.”] The same as Orchitis, 
which see. 
Tcs-tu'do, inis* plural Tes-tu'dl- 
nes. [From tes'ta, a “shell.”] A tor- 
toise ; a genus of the order Chelonia. 
Applied to a melicerous tumor of the 
scalp, supposed to resemble a tortoise. 
Te-tau'ic. [Tetan'icus.] Belong- 
ing to tetanus. Also applied to a patient 
affected with tetanus when in the excited 
condition. 
Te-tan'i-ca.* [From tet'anus."] Agents 
which augment the irritability of the 
muscles inducing tetanus or spasm, as 
strychnia, etc. 
Tet'a-node. [Tetono'tles: from 
tet'anus, and (iSog, a “form,” or “resem- 
blance.”] Literally, “affected with some- 
thing resembling tetanus.” Applied to a 
patient affected with tetanus when in 
the unexcited state, as distinguished 
from his being excited or tetanic.—(M. 
Hall.) 
Tct'a-noid. [Tetanoi'des; from 
the same.] Resembling tetanus. 
Tot'a-nus. [From mw, to “stretch.”] 
(Fr. Tetanus, ta’tH’nos'.) A disease in 
which there is a spasmodic contraction 
of the muscles of voluntary motion, with 
tension and rigidity of the parts affected; 
spasm with rigidity. A genus of the 
order Spasmi, class Neuroses, of Cullen’s 
Nosology. 
Tetanus Com-ple'tus.* (“Com- 
plete Tetanus.”) A variety of tetanus, 
consisting in the spasmodic and rigid 
contraction of the greater number of 
the voluntary muscles, which thus an- 
tagonize and counteract one another. 
Tetanus Eniprosthotonos. See 
Emprosthotonos. 
Tetanus Opisthotonos. See Opis- 
thotonos. 
Tetanus Plenrothotonos. See 
Pl.ElTROTHOTONOS. 
Tet'anus Tris'mus.® A variety of 
tetanus, consisting in spastic rigidity of 
the muscles of the lower jaw; locked- 
jaw. 
Tet'ra-. [Gr. rerpa, for reaaepa, “ four.”] 
A prefix denoting the number four. 
Tet-ra-car'pel-la-ry. [From rerpa, 
“four,” and car'pel.] Consisting of four 
carpels. 
Tet~ra-ehot'o-mons. [Tetrachot'- 
onius; from rerpa\a, “in four parts,” 
and rtpvw, to “cut.”] Cut or divided 
into four parts. 
Tet-ra-dy-na'mi-a.* [From rerpa, 
“four,” and ivvapis, “power.”] The fif- 
teenth Linneean class of plants, compris- 
ing those which have four long and two 
short stamens. 
Tet-ra-dyn'a-mous. [Tetradyna'- 
mius; from the same.] Having six 
stamens, of which four are long and two 
short. 
Tetraedron. Pee Tetrahedron. 
Tet-ra-fo'H-ate. [Tetrafolia'tus: 
from rerpa, “four,” and/o'lium, a “leaf.”] 
Having bijugato leaves. Applied to a 
pinnate leaf with two pairs of leaflets. 
Tet'ra-sron. [Tetrago'nnni; from 
rerpa, “four,” and ywvia, an “angh>.”] A 
556 figure of four angles and sides; a quad- 
rangle. 
Tet-rag'o-nal. [Tetrago'nus.] 
Belonging to a tetragon; four-angled. 
Tetragoniacese,* tet-ra-go-ne-a'- 
she-e. [From Tetrago'nia, ope of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
succulent plants (mostly herbaceous), 
found in the South Sea Islands and in 
the tropics. 
Tet-ra-gyn'i-ous. [Tetragyn'ius; 
from rerpa, “four,” and ym/fj, a “woman,” 
or “female.”] Having four pistils. Ap- 
plied to a Linnaean order. 
Tet-rag'y-nous. The same as Tet- 
ragyntous, which see. 
Tet-rsi-he'drl-cal. [Tetralie'dri- 
cus.] Belonging to a tetrahedron. 
Tet-ra-he'dron. [Tetralie'drnm; 
from rerpa, “four,” and ecpa, a “base.”] 
A solid figure bounded by four equilate- 
ral and equal triangles. It is one of the 
Platonic bodies, or regular solids. 
Te-tram'e-rous. [From rerpa, “four,” 
and pepos, a “part.”] Having four parts 
in each whorl. Applied to flowers which 
have four petals, four stamens, etc. It 
is often printed thus: 4-merous. 
Tet-ran'drI-a.* [From rerpa, “four,” 
and wup, a “man,” or “male.”] The 
fourth Linnaean class of plants, com- 
prising those which have four stamens 
in each flower. 
Tet-ran'droiis. [Tetran'drius; 
from the same.] Having four stamens. 
Tet-i-a-pliyl'lous. [Tetraphyl'- 
lns; from rerpa, “four,” and <pn\Xov, a 
“leaf.”] Having four leaves. 
Te-trap'o-dons. [Tetrap'odus; 
from rerpa, “four,” and novs, a “foot.”] 
Having four feet. 
Te-trap'tcr-ns.* [From rerpa, “four,” 
and 7rrcpov, a “wing.”] Tetrapterous; 
having four wings. Applied to plants. 
Tet-ra-sep ' a-Ious. [Tetrascp a- 
lus; from rerpa, “four,” and sep'alus, 
a “sepal.”] Having four sepals. 
Tet-ra-sper'ma-tous. [Tetrasper'- 
niatiis; from rerpa, “four,” and tnreppa, a 
“seed.”] Having four seeds. 
Tet-ra-st<‘ ino-nis.* [From rerpa, 
“four,” and arfipwv, a “stamen.”] Hav- 
ing four stamens. 
T<‘-tra.s ti-olions. [Tetras'tictnis; 
from rerpa, “four,” and art\o;, a “row.”] 
Disposed in four vertical ranks. Applied 
to leaves. 
Tet-ra-sty Ions. [Tetrasty'lus; 
from rerpa, “ four,” and arvXof, a “ style,” 
<vr a “pillar.”] Having four styles. 
Tetter. See Psoriasis. 
TET 
Tet'ter, Moist (or Ilii'miri), and 
Tet'ter, Popular names 
for Impetigo, which see. 
Teu'crl-um fha-mse'drys.® Ger- 
mander. A plant of the natural order 
Labiatee. It is bitter and aromatic. 
Teucrium Marum. See Marum 
Syriacum. 
Tex'ti-form. [Textifor'mls; from 
tex'tum, a “web,” or “tissue.”] Formed 
like a tissue or network. 
Tex'tu-ral. Pertaining to a texture 
or tissue. 
Tex'ture. [Textu'ra; from tex'o, 
tex'tum, to “ weave.”] See Tissue. 
Tltaeria. See Theria. 
Tlial'a-mi,® the plural of Thalamus. 
Ttial'ami Ker-vo'runi Op-ti-co'- 
rum.* (“Beds of the Optic Nerves.”) 
See Optic Thalamus, and Corpora 
Striata. 
Tlial-u-ini-flo'rons. [Tlialumi- 
flo'rus; from thal'amus, a “bridal 
chamber,” also “receptacle,” and jlos, a 
“flower.”] Having the stamens and 
pistils inserted in the receptacle. 
Thal'si-mus,* plural Thal'a-mi. 
[Gr. BuXapos, a “chamber,” or “bridal 
bed.”] Applied to a body of white sub- 
stance at the base of each lateral ven- 
tricle of the brain, which in part gives 
origin to the optic nerve. Also, a term 
for the receptacle of a flower. 
Tha-las'sic. [Thalas'siens; from 
OaXaaca, the “sea.’’] A geological term 
applied by some writers to the strata of 
superior sediment,—i.e. from the surface 
of the earth to the limestone. 
Tlia-las-si-opliy-t ns.* [From 6a- 
Xaaaa, the “sea,” and ej>m6v, a “plant.”] 
Applied in the plural feminine (Thalas- 
sivph'ytx) to the marine Algie. 
Thal'Ii,* the plural of Thallus, 
which see. 
Thal'lo-gen. A plant consisting of 
thalli only. 
Tlial-loA-'e-nous. [Thallo&'e- 
mis; from thal'lus, and yewdw, to “ pro- 
duce.”] Producing thalli. 
Thal'lo-gens. A synonyme for 
Thallopiiytes, which see. 
Thai lo-pliytes. [Thalloph'y- 
tum; froip thal'lus, tmdejmrdv, a “plant.”] 
A natural class of cryptogamous plants, 
having no distinction of axis and foli- 
age, as lichens, fungi, and algae. Also 
called Thallogens. 
Thal'lus,* plural Thal'll. [From 
ddXXio, to “be verdant."] A term ap- 
plied to the organs of vegetation of 
lichens, sea-weeds, etc. 
THA 
557 THA 
THE 
Tiian-a-to'«lefc.* [From Qavarog, 
“death.”J Deadly; causing death. 
TliaJi-aAo-i'cleS.® [From Olvaro;, 
“death,” and eidog, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling death : thanatoid. 
Than-a-toTo-gy. [Thanatolo'- 
gta; from Oivarog, “death,” and \6yo;, a 
“ discourse.”] Literally, a “ discourse 
or treatise on death.” That branch of 
Pathology which treats of the phenom- 
ena and proximate cause of death. 
Tlitf, tA. The French for Thea and 
Tea, which see. 
Thc'a.® The tea-shrub, of which 
there are several species; also, tea. 
See Tea. 
The'a JTi'g-ra.* Tho systematic 
name for the plant which yields black 
tea, or Bohea. 
The'a Vir'I-<lis.* The systematic 
name for the plant which yields green 
tea. 
The-be'sl-i Fo-ram'I-na.® (“ Ori- 
fices of Thcbesius.”) Certain small ori- 
fices on tho right auricle of the heart, 
first described by Thebesius. 
The'ca.* [Gr. OfjKt] > from riOript, to 
“ place.”] Literally, “ the place where 
any thing is kept;” hence, a case, or 
sheath. In Anatomy, the investing 
membranous covering or sheath of tho 
spinal cord and nerves. In Botany, an 
anther-ccll; also, the spore-case, or urn, 
of mosses. 
The'ca Ver-te-bra'lis.* (“Verte- 
bral Sheath.”) A prolongation of tho 
dura mater lined by the arachnoid mem- 
brane, which is continued down and 
invests the spinal cord as far as the 
third lumbar vertebra, and sends off a 
tubular process to each of the spinal 
nerves. 
The'ca-phore. [ThecapSi'ornm; 
from Oijia7, a “case,” or “sheath,” and 
0£pco, t,> “bear.”] Sj-nonymous with 
Gynaphore, which see. 
Tlie-si'tis.*[F rom the'ca, a “sheath.”] 
Inflammation of the sheath of a tendon. 
Tliec'o-«lais, on’tis.* [From Oi;vp, a 
“ case,” or “ sheath,” and oSovs, a 
“ tooth.”] A covered or sheathed tooth. 
Tlic in. [Thci'nas from The'a, tho 
“tea-plant.”] A substance found in tho 
tea-shrub, assuming the form of beauti- 
ful crystals having a large proportion of 
nitrogen in their composition. It is be- 
lieved to be the same as cajfein, found in 
coffee. 
The-li'tis, idis.* [From 0.7X17, a 
“nipple.”] Inflammation of the nipples. 
The'nsil. [From the'nar.] Belonging 
to tho palm of the hand; applied by 
Dr. Barclay as meaning towards the 
palm of the hand. 
The'nar, arts.* [Gr. Oirap.] The 
palm of the hand, or the sole of the foot. 
Also, a muscle extending the thumb. 
The-o-bra'ina Oa-ca'o.* A plant 
of the natural order Stercxdiacetc, the 
seeds of which, when roasted and made 
intc paste with vanilla, constitute cho- 
colate. 
The-o-ma'ni-a.* [From Dwj, “God,” 
and pavta, “madness.”] Religious mad- 
ness or melancholy. 
Tbe-o-ma-nl'a-cas.* Belonging to 
theomania: theomaniacal. 
Tlie'o-rein. fTiieore'nia, Mis; 
from 0rotpcto, to “view,” to “weigh,” or 
“consider.”] In Geometry, a truth 
proposed to be proved. 
Tlie-o-ret'I-cal. [Theoret'icus; 
from the same.] Relating to theory; 
speculative; not practical. 
Tbe'o-ry. [Gr. dewpia; from tho 
same.] The abstract principles of any 
science or art, considered without refer- 
ence to practice. In Science, a connected 
arrangement of facts according to their 
bearing on some real or hypothetical law. 
Tlitir-a-ppi 'a,® or TJier-s»-j»i'a.* 
[From Ocparrcvti), to “ heal.”] Synonymous 
with Therapeutics. 
Ther-a-t»pfa'<ic, or 
cal. [Therapcn'ticns; from thera- 
peu'ticaj] Belonging to therapeutics. 
T2i6r-a-2»efi'tics. [Ttierappu'tice, 
Tberapeu'tica; from Ocparrsvu, to 
“cure.”] That branch of Medicine which 
treats of the application of remedies, and 
the curative treatment of diseases. 
Tbgr-si-peu'tist. [From the same.] 
A person who is skilful in therapeutics, 
or who practises therapeutics. 
Therapia. See Therapeia. 
The'ri-a.* [From 8>jp:o;, “savage.”] 
A name for Radesvge, which see. 
Tlie-ri'a-ca.* [From dtp, a “wild 
beast,” or any wild animal.] Thc'riac. 
An antidote to poisons, or the bites of 
venomous animals. Also, tho Pharma- 
copoeia! name (Br. Ph.) for molasses, or 
treacle. 
Tilie-ri-o-ca-tar'rlius.* [From Oipoj, 
“summer,” and catar'rhus, a “catarrh.”; 
Summer catarrh, or hay-fever; hay- 
asthma. 
TBie-rl-o'ma.* [From Oijp, a “fierce 
or savage animal.”] A term applied to 
a very malignant ulcer. 
'Juip-ra-oJ 'o-my. [Therlot'ome, 
or Tiicrioto'inia: from Onpior, a “ beast,” 
558 THE 
and rlyvix), to “cut.”] Dissection of the 
lower animals; the same as Zootomy. 
Ther'ma# (occurring only in the 
plural). [From dipyri, “heat.”] Warm 
springs, or warm baths. 
Thermal. [Therma'lis; from 
depyn, “heat.”] Pertaining to warmth 
or heat, or to hot springs. 
Ther-mol'o-gy. [Thennolo'gia; 
from 0/yn, “ heat,” and Aoyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] A treatise on heat; the science 
of heat. 
Ther-mom'e-ter. [Theranom'e- 
trum ; from Ospyri, “ heat,” and pirpor, a 
“measure.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring or ascertaining the degree of 
temperature of different bodies, but 
especially of the atmosphere. Among 
the different kinds of thermometers, the 
following are the most important: 
1. Fahrenheit’8 (far'en-hits) Ther- 
mometer ; the scale of which, between 
the freezing and boiling points of water 
under a medium pressure of the atmo- 
sphere, is divided into one hundred and 
eighty parts or degrees, the freezing 
point being marked 32°, and the boiling 
point 212°. Fahrenheit’s scale is almost 
universally employed in England and the 
United States. 
2. Centir/rade Thermometer; in the 
scale of which there are just one hundred 
degrees between the freezing and boiling 
points of water, the former being marked 
0°, or zero, and the latter 100°. This 
scale is generally used in France, and 
in many other countries of Continental 
Europe, and is perhaps the most conve- 
nient in practice. 
3. Reaumur’8 (r&'o'muRz') Thermome- 
ter. In this scale the freezing point is 
marked 0°, and the boiling point 80°. 
In this and also in the Centigrade, the 
degrees are continued of the same size 
below and above these points, those be- 
low being reckoned negative. These 
different modes of graduation are easily 
convertible. The scale of Centigrade is 
reduced to that of Fahrenheit by multiply- 
ing by nine and dividing by five; that of 
Reaumur to that of Fahrenheit by divid- 
ing by four instead of five; or that of 
Fahrenheit to either of these by revers- 
ing the process. Thus,—C. 100°X9 = 
900-5-5 = lS0°+32o=212° F.; R. 80°X 
9 = 720-s-4 =-180° -f 32°=212° F. 
Thermom eter, Oitferen'tial (dif- 
fer-en'shal). An instrument of great use 
in experimental philosophy, for measur- 
ing very small differences of temperature. 
Ther'mo-scopc. [Tliermosco'- 
plum; from dcp/rj, “heat,” and oKmict, 
to “examine.”] An instrument for mea- 
suring minute differences of temperature. 
The same as Differential Thermo- 
meter. See preceding article. 
The'seS,* the plural of Thesis. 
The'sis,* plural Theses. [Gr. 0ajts, 
a “position.”] A proposition, affirma- 
tive or negative, which is advanced or 
laid down to be supported by argument; 
also applied to an essay composed by a 
candidate for graduation in medicine or 
some other branch of learning or science. 
Thigh. See Femur. 
Thigh-Bone. See Os Femoris. 
Third Bair (of Nerves). See Mo- 
tores OCULORUM. 
Thirst. [Lat. Si'tis; Gr. <So/,a; Fr. 
So/, sw&f.] A sensation attended with 
a desire to drink, having its seat chiefly 
in the mouth and fauces, but also felt in 
the pharynx, oesophagus, and, in extreme 
cases, the stomach; all, however, modi- 
fied by circumstances. When it is mor- 
bid, it is usually termed dipsosis ; when 
excessive, polydipsia. See Dipsosis, and 
Polydipsia. 
Thirst, Morbid. See Dipsosis. 
Thoni-so'ni-an-i&in. A fanciful or 
empirical system of medicine introduced 
by Thomson, a native of New Hamp- 
shire. Thomson and his immediate fol- 
lowers rejected all mineral medicines: 
they had frequent recourse to powerful 
emetics (usually of lobelia), to profuse 
sweats from vapor-baths, and to power- 
fully stimulating compounds, in which 
capsicum was an abundant ingredient. 
The system has, however, been, it is said, 
materially modified, and more cautious 
treatment is now generally pursued. 
Tho-ra~v‘en-te'sis.* The same as 
Thoracocentesis, which see. 
Be- 
longing to the thorax. 
Thoracic Duct. [Duc'tus Tho- 
ras'icus.] The principal trunk of the 
absorbent vessels lying upon the dorsal 
vertebrae. It commences at the recep- 
taeulum chyli, which is formed by the 
junction of several large lymphatic 
trunks. Its contents are discharged into 
the left subclavian vein. At its termi- 
nation there are two valves, which pre- 
vent the blood from flowing from the 
vein into the duct. 
Tho-rac'o-cen-te'sis.* [From tho'- 
rax, and Kevriqais, a “pricking.”] A pierc- 
ing of the thorax, as in the operation 
for empyema. 
Tho-ra-cod'y-ne,* or Tho-rac-o- 
TIIO 
559 TIIO 
TIIU 
xlyu't-a.® [From tho'rax, and dovinj, 
“pain.”] Pain in the chest. 
Tho-rac-o-my-o-dyn'I-a.® [From 
tho'rax, and myodyn'ia, “ pain-of a mus- 
cle.”] Muscular pain in the chest. 
Tho-rac-o-jDa-tflii'a.® [From 0 opal, 
8a>pa«>s, the “chest,” and rraOti;, an “affec- 
tion.”] An affection or disease of the 
chest. 
Tho-rac'o-ste-no'sis.® [From tho'- 
rax, and otzi/o), to “straiten.”] Coarcta- 
tion or contraction of the chest. 
Tho'rax, a'ct*.® [Gr. (LSpaf, a 
“ breastplate.”] (Fr. Poitrine, pw&1- 
The chest, or that part of the 
body between the neck and diaphragm, 
in the cavity of which are contained the 
lungs and the heart. Also, the trunk, or 
intermediate portion of the body of in- 
sects which bears the legs. 
Ttio-ri na.® [From Thor, a Scandi- 
navian idol.] An earth discovered in a 
rare Norwegian mineral called thorite. 
Thorina is an oxide of thorium. 
Tho'ri-um.® [From the same.] 
A heavy gray metal which combined 
with oxygen forms thorina. 
Thorn. [Spi'na.] An imperfectly 
developed, indurated, leafless branch of 
a woody plant, tapering to a point. 
Thorn-Apple. See Datuka Stramo- 
nium. 
Thorn, E-&yp'tian. The Acacia 
Vera, which see. 
Thread. See Filament. 
Thread-liUe. See Filiform. 
Thread-Worm. See Oxyurus. 
Three-Cornered. See Trigonal, 
and Triquetrous. 
Three-Imaved. See Trifoliate, 
and Triphyllous. 
Th rep-sol ’o-gj. [Thrcpsolo'gia; 
from threp'sis, “ nutrition,” and \hyo;, a 
“ discourse.”] A treatise on the nutrition 
of organized bodies; the doctrine or 
science of nutrition. 
Thrid'a-ce. [Thrida'cinm; from 
Qp'.iat, the “lettuce.”] A substance ob- 
tained from lettuce, supposed to be iden- 
tical with Lactucarium. 
Throat. [Lat. Gu'la, Out'tnr, and 
Ju'g;ulum: Fr. Gorge, goitzh.] The 
common name of the pharynx; also of 
the anterior part of the neck, or jugulum. 
Applied in Botany to the orifice of a 
tubular flower or other organ. 
Throm'bl,® the plural of Thrombus, 
which see. 
Throin-bo'deSt.® [From throm'bns.\ 
Resembling or having thrombi: throm- 
bous. 
Throm'boid. [Thromboi'des; 
from throm'bus, and t?<5oj, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling a throm'bus. 
'I'hroiii-lHt'sis.' The formation or 
progress of throm'bus. The obstruction 
of vessels by a morbid product developed 
in the very locality of the obstruction, 
and thus distinguished from embolia (or 
embolism), which consists in the obstruc- 
tion of a vessel by a piece of coagulum 
(or thrombus) carried into the circulation 
from a distant part of the system. 
Throm'bus,® plural Throni'bi. 
[From Opdfxlos, a “clot of blood.”] A 
small tumor of- extravasated blood after 
bleeding or contusion. Applied by 
Virchow to a coagulum, forming, from 
some morbific cause, usually in a small 
vein, and gradually prolonged into the 
larger veins, so that ultimately portions 
are broken off and carried into the cir- 
culation, thus producing what is termed 
embolism. (See Embolia.) To the original 
thrombus (not the prolonged portion) he 
has applied the epithet autoch'thonous 
[from avru;, “itself,” and>c0i>v, “country,” 
or “place”], that is, “produced in the 
place itself,” and not derived from an- 
other part. 
Thrush. A popular term for aphthtt 
on the tongue, lining membrane of the 
mouth, fauces, etc., of infants. See 
Aphtha. 
Thumb. [Pol'lex, rets.] The first, 
or greatest, of the fingers. In Orni- 
thology, a small bone of the hand, oi 
third portion of the anterior extremity; 
also, the shortest toe, which has only two 
phalanges. Also, the first finger of the 
forefoot of certain reptiles. 
Thun'dcr-bolt. A name for the 
Belemnite, which see. 
Thu-rif'er-ous. [Thurif'erus: 
from thus, thu'ris, “frankincense,” and 
fe'ro, to “hear.”] Bearing or producing 
frankincense. 
Thus, u'n'».® [From G(x,>, to “ offer a 
sacrifice;” because it was used in making 
offerings to the gods.] The Olibanum 
or true frankincense, obtained from the 
Bosicel'lia scrra'ta. 
Thus A-raer-hca'nnm.5 (“American 
Frankincense.”) The Pharmacopoeia! 
name (Br. Ph.) for common frankincense, 
or the concrete turpentine of the Pinm 
txdn and Finns pnlustris. 
Thu'ya (or Tliti'ja) 
Us.® Ar'bor Vitae, (“ Treo of Life”). A 
tree belonging to the natural order Coni- 
ferae. The leaves and twigs have beer 
used in dropsy, intermitten i fevers, eta 
560 THY 
TIG 
Th y m elacese,* thim-e-la'she-e. 
[From Thymelse'a, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous plants 
(mostly shrubs), found in Australia, 
South Africa, and other regions. The 
great feature of this order is the causti- 
city of the bark. It includes the Daphne 
Mezereum, used as a medicine, and Dirca 
(Leatherwood). 
Thy'mic. [Thymicus.] Belong- 
ing to the thymus gland. 
Tby-mi'tLs, id is. * [From thy'mus.] 
Inflammation of the thymus gland. 
Thy'mus.* [From &6o>, to “ sacrifice.”] 
Thyme. A Linnman genus of the class 
Didynamia, natural order Labia tie or 
Lamiacese. In Anatomy, the thymus 
gland. 
Thy'mus Gland. Situated in the 
neck of the feetus, disappearing after 
birth as a gland. 
Thy'mus lul-garis.® The sys- 
tematic name of common thyme, an 
aromatic plant, which is reputed to be a 
resolvent, tonic, and stomachic. It is 
used in cookery more than in medi- 
cine. 
Thy're-o-A-ryGse-no-i-dse'us.* A 
muscle arising from the thyroid and in- 
serted into the arytenoid cartilage. It 
widens the glottis. 
Thy' [From 9vpe6s, an 
“oblong shield,” and sribn, a “tumor.”] 
Tumor or swelling of the thyroid gland. 
See Thyreophyma. 
Thy're-o-Ep-I-glot-tl-de'us.* A 
muscle arising from the thyroid cartilage 
and inserted into the side of the epi- 
glottis. It has been divided by Albinus 
into the major and minor. 
Thy're-o-Hy-o-i'de-us.* A muscle 
arising from the thyroid cartilage and 
inserted into the os hyoides. It brings 
the larynx and hyoid bone towards each 
other. 
Thy-re-on'cus.* [From 9vpe6g, an 
“oblong shield,” and oy/roj, a “tumor.”] 
A tumor of the thyroid gland. The 
same as Thyueocele. 
Thy're-o-phy'ma, tot is * [From 
O’tpedy, an “oblong shield,” and <pvpa, a 
“tumor.”] An enlargement of the thy- 
roid gland. Similar lo Thyueocele. 
Thy'ro-BIy'al. [Thyrohya'lis; 
from thy'ro-, and hyoi'cles os, the “hyoid 
bone.”] Applied by Owen to the homo- 
logues of the lateral lingual bone, or 
larger horn of the hyoid bone. 
Tby'rold. [Thyroi'des; from daptog, 
a “shield,” and eiio;, a “form.”] Ke- 
eembling a shield. See Scutiform. 
Thy'roid €ar'tl-la£e. The largest 
of the cartilages of the larynx, forming 
the Pomum Adami. 
Thy'roid Gland. Situated on the 
cricoid cartilage, trachea, and horns of 
the thyroid cartilage. 
Thyrse. [Lat. Thyr'sus, plural 
Thyr'si; Gr. flopod?.] A compact panicle 
of a pyramidal, oval, or oblong outline, 
such as the flower-cluster of the Lilac, 
or a bunch of grapes. 
Thyr-sif 'er-ous. [Tliy rsif'crns; 
from thyr'sus, a “tliyrse,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Having or bearing thyrses. 
Thyr-sl-flo'rus.* [From thyr'sus, a 
“thyrse,” and flos, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers disposed in thyrses. 
Thyr'sus.* The same as Thyrse, 
which see. 
Tib'i-a.* A Latin word signifying a 
“pipe,” or “flute.” Applied to the larg- 
est bone of the leg: the shin-bone. 
Tib-I -te'us.* The same as Filial, 
which see. 
Tib'i-al. [Tibia'lis.] Belonging to 
the tibia. Applied by Dr. Barclay as 
meaning towards the tibia. 
Tib-I-a'lis.* (“Tibial.”) The name 
of two muscles of the tibia, the anticus 
or flexor, and the posticus, called also ex- 
tensor tarsi tibialis. 
Tic Douloureux, tik doo'loo-roo'. 
(French pronunciation, t£k doo'loo'rrh'.) 
Severe pain affecting the nerves of 
the face, especially the infra-orbitary 
branches of the fifth pair. 
Tick. An insect of the genus Acarus, 
which see. 
Tick, Domestic. The Acarus do- 
mesticus. 
Tick, Itch. The Acarus scabiei. 
Tide. [Originally, a “ time,” or “ sea- 
son because it returns at stated times.] 
Applied to the ibb and flow of the sea, or 
the periodic and alternate rise and fall 
of the water of the ocean, caused princi- 
pally by the attraction of the moon, and 
modified by that of the sun. 
Tierce, te-eRss'. The French name 
for Tertian, which see. 
Tieutt1. See Upas Tiecte. 
TI-fcel'la.* [Diminutive of tiy'num, 
a “rafter.”] That part of the embryo 
of a plant which unites the radicle to the 
cotyledon. 
Ti&'el-late. [Tigella'tus.] Supplied 
with a tiyella. 
Tijg'll-i, Gra'na.* (“ Grains or Seeds 
of Tiglium.”) The seeds of the Groton 
tiylium. See Croton. 
Tiglii, Oleum. See Oleum Tiglii. 
561 TIG 
TIN 
Tig’H-nm.* The specific name of 
the Croton tiglium. 
Tiliacea?,* til-e-a'slie-e. A natural 
order of exogenous plants, found in 
many tropical and temperate regions. 
It includes the Til'ia (Linden or Lime 
tree). The berries of some species are 
eatable. , 
Tin. [Lat. Ntan'nuin; Fr. Etain, 
AtaN°'.] A comparatively rare, white 
metal, harder than lead, and very malle- 
able. In ductility and tenacity it is in- 
ferior to most of the other malleable 
metals. Exposed to the air, it soon be- 
comes superficially oxidized. Its specific 
gravity is 7.2. The temperature at which 
it melts is about 442°. 
Tin'foil is an alloy of tin and lead in 
the form of a thin lamina or leaf. 
Tin'cQ.® The tench fish. See Os 
Tincje. 
Tin'cal. Crude borax as it is im- 
ported from the East Indies in yellow, 
greasy crystals. 
Tinct. = Tinctu'ra.* “A tincture.” 
Tinc-to'ri-us.* [From tin'go, tinc'- 
tum, to “dye.”] Relating to dyeing. 
Applied as the specific name to the 
Black Oak ( Quercus tinctoria), also called 
Dyer's Oak. 
Tinc-tu'ra,® plural Tinc-tu'rje. 
[From tin'go, tine'turn, to “dye,” to 
“steep.”] A tincture. A solution of any 
medicinal substance in alcohol, or diluted 
alcohol, prepared by maceration, diges- 
tion, or percolation. A solution in spirit 
of ammonia is termed an ammoniated 
tincture, and a solution in ethereal spirit, 
an ethereal tincture. 
The great number of officinal 
tinctures, as well as the narrow limits of 
this work, preclude the insertion of the 
full Pharmacopoeial directions for making 
this important class of preparations. It 
has been deemed sufficient to give, in 
addition to the names, the strength of 
the tinctures, as indicated by the relative 
proportions of the different medicinal 
substances, to a given quantity of alco- 
hol, employed in their preparation. (For 
the dose of each, see Table op Doses, in 
the Appendix. See, also, the U.S. Phar- 
macopoeia, pp. 314-339.) 
Tinctu'ra Ac-o-ni'ti Fo'll-i* 
(“Tincture of Leaf of Aconite”), Tinc- 
tu'ra Aconi'ti Fo-ll-o'rum,* 1850. 
(“Tincture of Leaves of Aconite.”) Pre- 
pared with two ounces of the drug to a 
pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Aconi'ti Ra-di'cis.* 
(“ Tincture of Aconite Root.”) Prepared 
with six ounces of the drug to a pint of 
strong alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Al'o-eS.® (“Tincture of 
Aloes.”) Prepared with half an ounce 
of Socotrinc aloes, and an ounce and a 
half of liquorice, to a pint of very dilute 
alcohol. 
Tim*tu'ra Aloes ct ttyrrha'.* 
(“Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh.”) Pre- 
pared with an ounce and a half of aloes, 
half an ounce of saffron, and an ounce 
and a half of myrrh, to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra (“Tincture 
of Arnica.”) Prepared with three ounces 
of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra As-sa-f«t'I-da>.* (“Tinc- 
ture of Assafoetida.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of assafoetida to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Bel-la-don'nse.* (“ Tinc- 
ture of Belladonna.”) Prepared with 
two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra lien-zo'i-ni Com-pos'i- 
ta.* (“Compound Tincture of Ben- 
zoin.”) Prepared with an ounce and a 
half of benzoin, an ounce of storax, 
half an ounce of balsam of Tolu, two 
drachms of aloes, to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra C'a-lum'bae* (“Tincture 
of Columbo”), Tinctu'ra Co-loni'bay* 
1850. Prepared with two ounces of co- 
lumbo to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra t'an'na-bis.® (“Tincture 
of llemp.”) Prepared with six drachms 
of the extract of hemp to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'raCan-tlisir'I-dis.* (“ Tine. 
ture of Cantharides.”) Prepared with 
half an ounce of cantharides to a pint 
of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra (“Tincture 
of Capsicum.”) Prepared with half an 
ounce of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra C’ar-ila-mo'nii.* (“ Tinc- 
ture of Cardan)' m ”) Prepared with two 
ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Canlanio'mi t’oin-posi'- 
I-ta.* (“Compound Tincture of Carda- 
mom.”) Prepared with three drachms 
of cardamom, two and a half drachms 
of cinnamon, one drachm of caraway, 
one ounce of honey, and half a drachm of 
cochineal, to one pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Cas-to'rc-i.® (“ Tincture 
of Castor.”) Prepared with one ounce 
of castor to a pint of strong alcohol. 
562 Tinctu'ra Cat'e-chu.* (“ Tincture 
of Catechu.”) Prepared with an ounce 
and a half of catechu, and an ounce of 
cinnamon, to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra t’in-clio'nae.* (“ Tinc- 
ture of Cinchona.”) Prepared with 
three ounces of the yellow bark to a 
pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Com-pos'£- 
ta.* (“Compound Tincture of Cin- 
chona.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
red bark, an ounce and a half of bitter 
orange-peel, three drachms of serpenta- 
ria, one drachm of saffron, and one 
drachm of red saunders, to twenty fluid- 
ounces of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Cin-na-ino'mi.* (“ Tinc- 
ture of Cinnamon.”) Prepared with an 
ounce and a half of the drug to a pint 
of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra (“Tincture 
of Colchicum”), Tinctu'ra Col'ciiici 
>Seni'I-nis,* 1850. (“Tincture of the 
Seed of Colchicum.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Co-ni'i.* (“Tincture of 
Hemlock.”) Prepared with two ounces 
of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Cu-be'bie.® (“Tincture 
of Cubebs.”) Prepared with two ounces 
of cubebs to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu’ra Psg-l-la iis. (“ Tinc- 
ture of Digitalis.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Fer'ri flilo' ri-di.* 
(“Tincture of Chloride of Iron.”) Esti- 
mated to contain about a drachm of the 
chloride of iron to an ounce of the tinc- 
ture. 
1 Tinctu'ra Gal'lae.® (“Tincture of 
Nutgall.”) Prepared with two ounces 
of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Gcntia'na; (jen-she-a'nc) 
t,oiii-|H»s'i-la.* (“Compound Tincture 
of Gentian.”) Prepared with one ounce 
of gentian, half an ounce of bitter 
orange-peel, and two drachms of carda- 
mom, to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Guai'a-ci.® (“Tincturo 
of Guaiac.”) Prepared with three ounces 
of guaiacum to a pint of strong alco- 
hol. 
Tinctu'ra Guai'aci Am-mo-nl-a'- 
ta.* (“Ammoniated Tincture of 
Guaiac.”) Prepared with four ounces 
of guaiacum to a pint and a half of aro- 
matic spirit of ammonia. 
Tinctu'ra IIcl-lel»'o-ri.® (“Tinc- 
ture of [IJIack] Hellebore.”) Prepared 
TIN 
with two ounces of the drug to a pint oi' 
diluted alcohol. 
Tinctura II iimu-lf. '“Tincture 
of Hops.”) Prepared with two ounces 
and a half of the drug to a pint of 
diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Ily-os-ty'a-mi.* (“Tinc- 
ture of Henbane.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra I-o-din'I-i.* (“ Tincture 
of Iodine.”) Prepared with an ounce 
of iodine to a pint of alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra lodin'ii t'oin-pos'I-ta.® 
(“Compound Tincture of Iodine.”) Pre- 
pared with half an ounce of iodine, and 
an ounce of iodide of potassium, to one 
pint of alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Ja-la'pa?.* (“Tincture 
of Jalap.”) Prepared with three ounces 
of jalap to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Ki'no.* (‘‘Tincture of 
Kino.”) Prepared with an ounce and a 
half of kino to a pint of diluted alco- 
hol. 
Tinctu'ra Kra-me'rl-w.* (“ Tinc- 
ture of Ilhatany.”) Prepared with three 
ounces of the drug to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra IiO-be'lI-se.* (“ Tincture 
of Lobelia.”) Prepared with two ounces 
of the drug to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra I.u-pu-Ii'nsc.: (“Tinc- 
ture of Lupulin.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of lupulin to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Myr rha1.® (“Tincturo 
of Myrrh.”) Prepared with three ounces 
of myrrh to two pints of strong alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra \iiyis Voini-yicJ 
(“Tincture of Nux Vomica.”) Prepared 
with four ounces of the drug to a pint 
of strong alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra O'pl-i.* (“ Tincture of 
Opium.”) Laudanum. Prepared with 
ten drachms of opium to a pint of alco- 
hol. 
Tinctu'ra O'pii (“Ace- 
tated Tincture of Opium.”) Prepared 
with one ounce of opium to four fluid- 
ounces of alcohol and six fluidounces of 
vinegar. 
Tinctu'ra O'pii Cam-plio-ra'ta.® 
(“Camphorated Tincture of Opium.”) 
Paregoric. Prepared with half a drachm 
of opium, one scruple of camphor, half 
a drachm of benzoic acid, half a drachm 
of oil of anise-seed, one ounce of honey, 
to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra O'pii I»e-o-«lo-ra'ta.* 
(“Deodorized Tincture of Opium.”) Pro 
TIN 
563 TIN 
TIT 
pared with ten drachms of opium to a 
pint of alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra <luas'sisc* (kwosh'e-e). 
(“ Tincture of Quassia.”) Prepared with 
one ounce of quassia to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Rhe'i.* (“Tincture of 
Rhubarb.”) Prepared with an ounce 
and a half of rhubarb, and two drachms 
of cardamom, to a pint of diluted alco- 
hol. 
Tinctu'ra Rhe'i ct Sen'll*.* 
(“ Tincture of Rhubarb and Senna.”) 
Prepared with a half an ounce of rhu- 
barb, one drachm of senna, half a drachm 
of coriander, half a drachm of fennel, 
one drachm of red saunders, fifteen 
grains of saffron, fifteen grains of liquo- 
rice, and three ounces of raisins, to a 
pint and a half of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Siui-gui-iiarl-a'.® 
(“Tincture of Bloodroot.”) Prepared 
with two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Sgil'Iae.* (“ Tincture of 
Squill.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
squill to a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Ser-pen-ta'rl-ie.* 
(“ Tincture of Serpentaria.”) Prepared 
with an ounce and a half of the drug to 
a pint of diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Stra-iuo'ni-i.® (“ Tinc- 
ture of Stramonium.”) Prepared with 
two ounces of the drug to a pint of 
diluted alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Tol-u-ta'na.:s (“ Tincture 
of Tolu.”) Prepared with an ounce and 
a half of tolu to a pint of strong alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Va-le-rl-a'nav* (“Tinc- 
ture of Valerian.”) Prepared with two 
ounces of valerian to a pint of diluted 
alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Valeria'nse Ain-mo-iti- 
a'ta.* (“ Ainmoniatcd Tincture of Va- 
lerian.”) Prepared with two ounces of 
valerian to one pint of aromatic spirit 
of ammonia. 
Tinctu'ra Ve-ra'tri Vlr'I-dis.* 
(“ Tincture of American Hellebore.”) 
Prepared with eight ounces of the drug 
to a pint of strong alcohol. 
Tinctu'ra Zin-gib'c-ris.* (“Tinc- 
ture of Ginger.”) Prepared with four 
ounces of ginger to a pint of strong 
alcohol. 
Tin'e-a.* (Fr. Tcigne, ten or tin.) 
Literally, a “moth-worm.” Scaldhead. 
A genus of the order Dialyses, class Lo- 
cales, of Cullen’s Nosology; also termed 
Porrigo. It is characterized by a pus- 
tular eruption, sometimes distinct and 
sometimes confluent, unaccompanied with 
fever, the pustules drying and hardening 
into thick scales or scabs. 
There appears to be great confusion in 
regard to the names applied to this dis- 
ease by different writers. The genus 
Tinea of Sauvages and Cullen would 
seem to correspond to the species Ecpye'- 
8iti porri'go of Good, and the genus Por- 
rigo of Willan and other writers. 
Tin'ea Cap'I-tis.® (“Tinea of the 
Head.”) A term for scaldhead. See 
preceding article. 
Tin-ni'tus.:9 [From tin'nio, tinni'tum, 
to “ring like metal.”] A ringing, or 
tinkling. 
Tinni tus Au'rl-um.* (“Ringing 
of the Ears.”) A symptom in many 
kinds or states of disease. 
Tisane, te-zan'. See Ptisane. [From 
TTTiaavri, “ barley-water.”] A decoction 
or infusion of slightly medicinal sub- 
stances, much employed in France. 
Formerly applied, for the most part, to a 
decoction of barley. 
Tisane de Feltz (felts). A remedy 
sometimes used in cutaneous diseases; 
prepared from sarsaparilla, crude anti- 
mony, and isinglass. 
Tis'sue. (Fr. Tissu.) Literally, “that 
which is wovena “ web.” Applied to 
any organized solid substance of which 
animals or plants arc composed. In 
plants, the thin membranous organization 
of which every part is formed. See 
Membrane. 
Tissue, Adipose. See Adipose Mem- 
brane. 
Tissue, Areolar. See Areolar. 
Tissue, Cellular. See Cellular 
Tissue. 
Tis'sue, Corn-pact'. A tissue formed 
by fibres placed so close together as to 
leave no intervals: it exists at the surface 
of the bones, and forms the walls of the 
various apertures and canals which may 
occur in them. 
Tissue, Vascular. See Vascular 
Tissue. 
Tissue, Woody. See Woody Tissue. 
Ti-ta'ni-uin.® [From Ti'tan, a name 
for the “sun.” See Tellurium.] A rare 
metal, found in a mineral from Corn- 
wall called menachanite. It is extremely 
infusible, and so hard as to scratch not 
only glass but also crystal. In color it 
resembles copper. Its specific gravity is 
5.8. 
Tit-il-lii'tion. [Titilla’tio, o'nit; 
from titil'lo, titilla'turn, to “tickle.”] 
Tickling; the production of laughter by 
564 TIT 
TOO 
tickling. It has been suggested as a 
remedy for paralysis. 
Tit-ii-U:Tfion. [Titnba'tio, o'ms; 
from tit'ubo, tituba'tum, to “ stagger,” 
or “stumble.”] A staggering or stum- 
bling gait, dependent on disease of the 
spinal system. 
T. O. = Tinctu'ra O'piir* “ Tincture 
of Opium.” 
Toad-stone. See Batraciiites. 
To-bac'co. The Nicotiana tabacum. 
Tobacco unites with the powers of a 
sedative narcotic, those of an emetic and 
diuretic, and produces these effects, to a 
greater or less extent, to whatever sur- 
face it may be applied. Taken mode- 
rately, it calms restlessness, and produces 
a state of general languor, or repose, which 
has great charms for those accustomed 
to its use. In large quantities, however, 
it causes vertigo, stupor, fainting, nausea, 
vomiting, and general debility of the 
nervous and circulatory functions. Nu- 
merous cases are on record of its incau- 
tious use having been followed by a fatal 
termination. See Nicotiana. 
Tobac'co, Vir-gin'I-an. The Nico- 
tiana tabaenm. 
To-col'o-sry. [Toeolo'gia; from 
tokos, “ childbirth,” and Aoyoj, a “ dis- 
course.”] That branch of Medicine 
which treats of parturition. See Ob- 
stetrics. 
Tod Palm-wine, prepared by 
fermentation from palm-sugar. 
Toe. See Digitus Pedis. 
Toise. A French measure, equal to 
six feet English, or two yards. 
Tokology. See Tocology. 
Tol'e-rance. [From tol'ero, to 
“ bear,” to “ endure.”] The power of 
bearing. A term employed by Itasori to 
denote the power of bearing large doses 
of powerful medicines. 
Tol-u-if'e-ra.® [From To’lu, and 
fe'ro, to “ bear.”] A Linnman genus of 
the class Decandria, natural order Le- 
gum inosse. 
Tolu if'era Bal'ssi-mum.* The 
tree which affords Balsamum Tolutanum. 
To-lu-if'er-ous. [Tolutf'erus.] 
Bearing Tolu balsam. 
Tomato, to-m8/to. The common 
name of the Lycoper'sicum esculen'tum, 
or Sola'num Lycoper'sicum, a plant of 
the Linnaean class Pentandria, natural 
order Sn/anacetc. 
Tom'bac. An alloy called white cop- 
per, consisting of copper and arsenic. 
To-men-t«se'. [Tomento'sus; 
from tomen'tum, a “lock of wool.”] Cov- 
ered with a close and matted down, or 
wool. 
To-men'tnm.* [From myt), a “cut- 
ting”?] Literally, a “flock of wool.” 
Applied to certain small vessels of the 
brain. (See Tomentum Cerebri.) In 
Botany, a species of pubescence, woolly 
or downy; a close and matted down. 
Tomen'tum Cfcr'e-bri.* (“Wool 
of the Brain.”) Applied to a great num- 
ber of small vessels (supposed to resemble 
the fibres of wool) on the inside of the 
pia mater, and penetrating the cortical 
substance of the brain. 
T«iii-o-nm'iii-a.:i: [From rcyvot, to 
“cut,” and yavia, “madness.”] The cut- 
ting mania of certain surgeons, or eager- 
ness to use the knife in cases which could 
be better cured without an operation. 
Tone. [Gr. t6vos ; from rnV&>, to 
“ stretch,” to “ draw.”] Tension; tenor. 
In Medicine, tension or firmness. 
Tongue. [Lat. I.in'gua; Gr. yXoooa; 
Fr. Langue, loNg.] The chief organ of 
taste and of speech. 
Tongue-Shaped. See Linguiform, 
and Llngulate. 
Tongne-Tie. See Ankyloglossia. 
Ton'ie. [Ton'iens: from Ttivo), to 
“stretch,” to “draw.”] Applied to rigid 
contraction of muscles without relaxa- 
tion, termed tonic spasm. Also, increas- 
ing the tone of muscular fibre: applied 
to certain medicines. See Tonics. 
Ton'ie Pow'er. A term for Irrita- 
bility, which see. 
i-fy. [Tonic'ilns, a'trs; from 
ton'icus, “ belonging to or having tone.”] 
The quality of muscular fibre in a state 
of action. 
Ton'ics. [Ton'ica; from the same.] 
Medicines which neither immediately nor 
sensibly excite action like stimulants, nor 
depress action like sedatives, but pro- 
duce a permanent, though scarcely per- 
ceptible, oxcitement of all the vital func- 
tions; their effects being chiefly perceived 
in the increased tone or vigor of the entire 
system. 
Ton'sil. [Lat.Tonsil'Ia; Fr. Tomille, 
or Amygdale, A 
small, oval, almond-shaped gland in the 
recess between the pillars or arches of 
the fauces. 
Ton-sil-li'tis, lefts.® [From tonsil'la, 
a“tonsil.”] Inflammation of the tonsils; 
a species of sore-throat. 
Tooth, plural Teeth. [Dens, plural 
Den'tes; see Dens.] The small bones 
fixed in the alveolar cavities of the upper 
and lower jaws, designed for the purpose 
565 TOO 
TOR 
of seizing, cutting, tearing, or grinding 
the various articles which form the food 
of animals. True teeth are found only 
in the Vertehrata. The teeth of an adult 
human subject are thirty-two in number; 
that is, sixteen in each jaw. They con- 
sist of four kinds: 1. Inciso'res (“cut- 
ting” or “incisor” teeth), of which there 
are eight (four in each jaw); 2. Cuspi- 
da'ti (“pointed” or “cuspidate” teeth), 
four in number; 3. Ilicuspida'tior Ilieus'- 
pides (“two-pointed,” “bicuspidate,” or 
“ bicuspid” teeth), eight in number; and 
4. Mola'res (“grinding” or “molar” 
teeth), of which there are twelve, six in 
each jaw. The body and lower part of 
the tooth consists of a very hard and 
firm bone-like texture, termed dentin (or 
dentine); that part which projects from 
the alveolus, called the corona, or crown, 
being covered with enamel, a semi-vitre- 
ous substance, which is thickest in those 
parts which are most exposed to friction. 
The structure of the enamel is usually 
termed fibrous; but in fact it consists of 
extremely minute hexagonal columns ra- 
diating from the centre towards the sur- 
face of the tooth, an arrangement by 
which it is enabled to sustain a great 
pressure without injury. When the tooth 
first emerges from the gum, it is covered 
with a very thin layer of material termed 
cemen'tiun (or “cement”), the minute 
structure of which corresponds almost 
exactly to that of bone. This layer is 
soon removed by attrition from the crown 
of the tooth, but continues through life 
to form the covering of the fang or root. 
The lower portion and roots of the teeth 
contain a cavity filled with what is termed 
dental pulp {pul'pa den'tie),—in popular 
language the “ marrow,”—which consists 
of a filament of nerve, with an accom- 
panying artery and vein, joined together 
by connective tissue. This pulp is ex- 
tremely sensitive; and when, by the 
decay of the tooth, it becomes wholly or 
partially exposed to the air, it produces 
the distressing affection known as tooth- 
ache, or odontalgia. 
Tem'porary or Decid'uous Teeth. 
{Den'tes Decid'ui.) These are twenty in 
number: so named because they are shed 
between the ages of seven and fourteen, 
and their places supplied by the per- 
manent or adult teeth. They are also 
termed Milk-Teeth, because they usually 
make their first appearance before the 
child is weaned. 
The term teeth is applied in Botany to 
the segments of a serrate or dentate 
leaf; also to the summits of sepals which 
are united in the greater part of their 
extent. 
Toothache. See Odontalgia, and 
Odontagra. 
Toothed. Beset with teeth which do 
not point towards the apex; the same as 
dentate. Applied to leaves. 
Tooth'-ltash. The disease Strophulus 
confertus. 
To paz. [Gr. A crystallized 
mineral, of a yellow or wine color, com- 
posed chiefly of alumina and silica. It 
is used in jewelry. 
To-|»luTceoii<«. [Topha'ccus; from 
to'phus, a “ sandstone.”] Of a sandy, 
or hard, gritty nature. 
To phus.® (Gr. r&po;.) Literally, a 
loose or porous stone. Applied to the 
calcareous matter which collects on the 
sides of vessels in which water is boiled. 
Also applied to the calcareous matter in 
the joints (of those affected with the 
gout), or in other parts of the body; like- 
wise to the tartar on the teeth. In Sur- 
gery, a swelling particularly affecting a 
bone, or the periosteum. 
Top'I-ca.* [From roiroj, a “place.”] 
Medicines which are applied locally : as 
caustics, emollients, etc. 
Top'i-cal. [Top'icus; from the 
same.] Pertaining to a particular part 
or situation of the body; local. 
To-pogrra-phy. [Toposra'phia; 
from toko,, a “place,” and yplpco, to 
“write.”] A description of a place, or 
of the form of the surface of a limited 
portion of the earth. 
Top'-Shaped. Inversely conical; 
turbinate. Applied to parts of plants. 
Tor'cu-Iar, a'ris* [From tor'queo, 
to “twist,” or “torture.”] Literally, a 
“wine-press.” Applied to the Tourni- 
quet, which see. 
Tor'cular He-rophT-li.® (Literally, 
“Herophilus’ Wine-Press.”) A term 
applied to an irregular cavity where the 
principal sinuses of the dura mater be- 
come confluent. The columns of blood 
coming in different directions were sup- 
posed to be pressed together in this part. 
Tor'ment. [Tor'men, inis, Or Tor- 
men'turn: from the same.] A racking 
pain. Applied to iliac passion, on account 
of its severity. 
Tor-meii-tilTa.® Tormentil. A Lin- 
nsean genus of the class Icosandria, natu- 
ral order Rosacese. Also, the Pharma- 
copoeial name for the rhizome of the 
Potentil'la tormentil'la. It is a simple 
and powerful astringent. 
566 Tormentil'la E-rec'ta.* The former 
name for Potentilla tormentilla. 
Tor'mi-na.* [Plural of tor'men, 
“torment.”] Severe griping or wringing 
pains in the bowels; also, dysentery. 
Tor'mi-nal. [Torinina'lis; from 
tor'men, “ torment.”J Belonging to tor- 
mina. 
Tor-na'do. [From the Spanish tor- 
near, to “turn,” or “whirl.”] Literally, 
“ whirlwind.” Applied to a violent hurri- 
cane or gust of wind, which, arising sud- 
denly from the shore, veers round to all 
points of the compass, and has been de- 
scribed as blowing from all points at 
once. Tornadoes are frequent in the 
West Indies. 
To-rose'. [Toro'sus; from to'ms, a 
“bed;” also, a “knob,” or “swelling.”] 
In Botany, applied to a cylindrical body 
swollen at intervals. 
Tor-pe'do.® Literally, “numbness.” 
The name given to a genus of cartilagi- 
nous fishes, separated from the liaise, of 
Linnaeus on account of the circular form 
of the body, and more especially from 
the presence of the electrical organs, on 
which that form of the body mainly de- 
pends. Violent shocks are experienced 
on touching the living and active tor- 
pedo. There is reason to believe that 
the torpedo uses its electrifying or be- 
numbing power to secure its prey, as well 
as to defend itself against its enemies. 
Tor'pid. [Tor'pidus; from tor'peo, 
to “be numbed.”] In a state of torpor, 
or numbness; incapable of action, or de- 
prived of sensibility. 
Torpidity. See Torpor. 
Tor'por.o rk* [See Torpid.] De- 
ficient sensation; numbness; torpidity. 
Tor-re-fac'tion. [Torrofac'tio, 
o'nia; from tor'ridua, “dry,” “hot,” and 
fci'cio, fac'tum, to “make.”] The act 
of drying or roasting. 
Tor-re-fac'tuH.* Roasted. See Tor- 
refaction. 
Tor-ri-cel'li-an Vac'u-um. [From 
Torricel'li, inventor of the mercurial 
barometer.] The vacuum produced by 
inverting atube of sufficient length, filled 
with mercury or other fluid, in a 
vessel containing a portion of the same 
fluid, and allowing the fluid in the tube 
to descend until its weight is counter- 
balanced by that of the atmosphere. In 
this manner the first barometers were 
formed by Torricelli. 
Tor'rid. [Tor'ridus; from tor'reo, 
to “roast,” or “parch.”] Parched; 
burned; scorched. Also, hot, parching. 
TOR 
Tor'rid Zone. [Ko na Tor'rida.] 
All that space between the Tropics; so 
called from the scorching heat which 
prevails there. 
Torsion. [Tor'sio, o'nia; from 
tor’queo, tor'turn and tor'sum, to “twist.”] 
A twisting. Torsion of the arteries: an 
expedient resorted to for arresting or 
preventing haemorrhage. 
Torsion Bal ance. A delicate elec- 
trometer, so called because its principle 
consists in the torsion or twisting of a 
single fibre of the web of a silkworm. 
Tor-tl-eolTis.* [From tor'qneo, 
tor'turn, to “twist,” and col'lum, the 
“neck.”] The muscular affection termed 
wry-neck. 
Tor-ti'peS, p'edia.% [From tor'tua, 
“ twisted,” and pea, a “ foot.”] In Botany, 
having the foot or pedicle much twisted: 
tortipede. 
Tor-tu-a'lis.* [From tor'qneo, tor’- 
tum, to “twist,” or “torment.”] Tor- 
mented; suffering. Sometimes applied 
to the countenance of the sick. 
Tor'tn-ous. [ Tort uo sus: from the 
same.] Winding; crooked; bent in dif- 
ferent directions. 
Tor-u-lose'. [Torulo'siis; from 
tor'ulus, a “little bed.”] Swelled or 
bulged out in a slight degree; somewhat 
torose: torulous. 
Tor'u-Ius.* [Diminutive of to'rua, 
a “bed.”] The cavity in which is im- 
planted the base of each antenna of in- 
sects. 
To'ras.® (A “bed,” or “bolster.”) 
The brawn, or thick part, of the arm or 
leg. Also applied to the receptacle of a 
flower. 
Touch. [Lat. Tac'tns; Gr. aiph, and 
aipts- Fr. Toucher, too’shi'.] One of the 
five senses. That sense by which we 
know the physical or palpable qualities 
of bodies. 
Touch, Morbid. See Pauapsis. 
Toucher, too'shi'. (French.) Lite- 
rally, the “ act of touching,” or exami- 
nation by touch. Applied to uterine ex- 
amination with the fingers per vaginam. 
Touch -me-not. The same as Non 
me Tangere, which see. 
Touch'-Wood. The popular name 
of the Polyp'orua ignia'riua, a fungus 
found on the willow and other trees, and 
also called Agaric of the Oak. It is used 
for checking haemorrhage. 
Tourmaline, toor'ma-lin. A crys- 
tallized mineral, which is so hard as to 
scratch glass, and becomes electric when 
heated. It is transparent when viewed 
TOU 
567 TOU 
TRA 
across the thickness of a crystal, but per- 
fectly opaque when turned in the oppo- 
site direction. It is composed chiefly of 
silica and alumina. 
Tourni«|iiet, tur'nc-ket. (From the 
French Tourner, to “turn.”) An instru- 
ment or appliance for compressing the 
principal blood-vessels, to prevent hae- 
morrhage in amputations, wounds, etc. 
Toux, too. [Lat. Tus'si*.] The French 
word for Cough, which see. 
Toux Convulsive, too k&N°'viirs6v'. 
(“Convulsive Cough.”) The French 
name for Pertussis, which see. 
Tox-se'mI-a.* The same as Toxico- 
H a: mia, which see. 
Tox'I-cal. [From “poison.”] 
Poisonous. 
Tox-I-co-den'tlrum.* [From ro|uoiy, 
“poison,” and ihipov, a “tree.”] Poison 
Oak. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
and Dub. Ph.) for the leaves of Jthus 
toxicodendron. 
Tox-I-co-<ler-ini'tis, id is* [From 
tox'icun i, “poison,” and der'ma, the 
“ skin.”] A term for inflammation of 
the skin through contact with some acrid 
poison. 
Tox-I-co-lue'ml-a,* or Tox-se'- 
mi -a.* [From to(ik6i/, a “ poison,” and 
alpa, “blood.”] A contaminated state of 
the blood ; poisoned blood. 
Tox-T-col’o-gJ. [Toxicolo'jfia; 
from roj-iKov, “poison,” and Adyo;, a “dis- 
course.”] The doctrine or science of 
poisons, their nature and effects; or a 
treatise on poisons. 
Tox-I-co'sls,* plural Tox-I-co'sefc. 
[From tox'icnm, a “poison.”] A term 
applied to diseases which are the result 
of poisoning. 
Tox-if'er-ons. [Toxif'erus; from 
tox'icnm, ‘‘poison,” andfe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Bearing or containing poison. 
Tr., and Tra. — Tinctu'ra.* “A tinc- 
ture.” 
Tra-bee'u-Ia,* plural Tra-bec'u-lse. 
[Diminutive of trahs, a “beam,” “pillar,” 
or “column.”] Literally, “small or mi- 
nute columns.” Applied to the small 
medullary fibres of the brain which con- 
stitute the commissures, to the fibres, liko 
comb-teeth, constituting the septum pcc- 
tiniforme of the corpora cavernosa of the 
penis, and to other similar structures. 
Tra-bec'u-late. [From trabec'nla, 
a “small beam or bar.”] Cross-barred. 
Tra'«he-a* (or tra-kee'a), plural Tra - 
■che-ae. [Gr. rpayua, the feminine of 
rpaxv;, “rough;” Fr. Trachee, tiii'shi'.] 
The windpipe. The cartilaginous and 
membranous canal in front of the 
oesophagus, extending from the larynx 
to the lungs, to and from which it con- 
veys the air. Also, a spiral vessel or 
duct of a plant: so named from its re- 
semblance to the windpipe, or rather to 
the trachea? or air-tubes of insects. See 
Spiral Vessels. 
Tr»'«l»e-#e,* the plural of Trachea. 
Tra'«he«l. [Trachea'll*.] Be- 
longing to the trachea. 
Traeli-e-a'li-a.* A name for the 
croup. See Tracheitis. 
Tra-clie-a'ri-us.* Having trachea?. 
Tra-ehe-i'ti*, id is* [From trn'chea, 
the “windpipe.”] Inflammation of the 
trachea; another name for croup. 
Tra-elicl'a-gra.® [From 
the “neck,” and aypa, a “ seizure.”] Gout, 
or rheumatism, in the neck. 
Tra-ehe-li*'mu*.* [From 
the “neck.”] A bending back of the 
neck. Proposed by M. Hall as designa- 
ting the first symptoms of epilepsy, 
consisting in contraction of the muscles 
of the neck, the consequent distension 
of the veins causing cerebral congestion: 
traehelism. 
Traclicliti*. See Tracheitis. 
Tra-che'lo-Mas-to-i'de-us.* [From 
Tpi\r]\o;, the “neck,” and proces'sus mas- 
toi'deus, the “mastoid process.”] A 
muscle arising from the transverse pro- 
cesses of the four last cervical, and some- 
times of the first dorsal, vertebrae, and in- 
serted into the mastoid process of the 
temporal bone. It draws the head back- 
ward or obliquely. 
Tra-ehen'ehjMna, atis,* [From 
tra'chea, and Zyxi'pa, “tissue.”] In Bot- 
any, tissue formed of spiral tubes 01 
vessels like tracheae. See Vasculai 
Tissue, and Spiral Vessels. 
Traeh'e-o-tome. [Tracheot'O' 
mus; from tra'chea, the “windpipe,’ 
and rZpvh), to “cut.”] An instrument foi 
performing tracheotomy. 
Tra-«lie-ot'o-m£-. [Tracbeoto'' 
■ilia: from the same.] The operation of 
cutting into or opening the trachea. Sei 
Bronchotomy. 
Tra-cho'ma, fit is * [From rpaxvs 
“rough.”] Roughness on the interna 
surface of the eyelid, causing violcn- 
ophthalmia and severe pain on moving 
the eyelid. 
Tra-vhy-l>ho'iiI-a-:? [From rpaxv; 
“ rough,” and tpcorij, the “ voice.”] Rough 
ness of the voice. 
Tra-eliys'ina.* The same as Tra 
choma, which see. 
568 TEA 
TEA 
Tracli-y-sta'<‘liy-ns. : [From rpaxv;, 
“ rough,” and arilxof, an “ear,” or “spike.”] 
Having spikes rough with hairs. 
Tra-chjtt'ic. [Trachyt'icns; from 
rpaxvrm, “ roughness.”] Applied to a 
group of plutonic earths having a rough 
appearance. 
Tractors, Metallic. See Perkinism. 
Trac'tfis.* [From tra'ho, trac'tnm, 
to “draw,” or “extend.”] An extension: 
hence, a space, or region. 
Trac'tJis Mo-to'rl-us.* (“Motor 
Tract.”) The name given to the prolong- 
ation of the corpora pyramidalia through 
the pons Varolii into the crura cerebri. 
The motor nerves arise from this tract. 
Trac'tus Op'ti-cus.* (“ Optic 
Tract.”) The circular tract, or course of 
the optic nerve from its origin round the 
crus cerebri. 
Trnctus Respiratorlus. See Ees- 
pntATORV Tract. 
Trade Winds. Winds which in the 
torrid zone, and often a little beyond it, 
blow generally from the same quarter, 
varying, according to circumstances, from 
northeast to southeast. The cause is 
to be ascribed to the high comparative 
temperature of the torrid zone, combined 
with the rotation of the earth. The 
trade winds are so named because they 
are often taken advantage of by those 
engaged in commerce to distant parts of 
the world. 
Trag'-a-cail't'ha,* [From rpayoq, a 
“goat,” and axarda, a “thorn,” the plant 
being called “goat-thorn” on account of 
its thorny petioles.] Tragacanth. The 
Pharmacopoeial name || for the concrete 
juice of the Astragalus vents, and of 
other species of Astragalus. It is demul- 
cent, but is little employed internally. 
The great viscidity which it imparts to 
water, renders it useful for the suspen- 
sion of heavy insoluble powders. 
Trag’-a-can'thin. A substance found 
to compose the whole of gum tragacanth. 
Also called Adraganthin. 
Trag'i-cu*.* Belonging to the tra- 
gus. Applied to a muscle of triangular 
form arising from the middle and outer 
part of the concha and inserted into the 
tip of the tragus, which it pulls forward. 
Trag-o-po'gon Por-rl-fo'll-mn.* 
The systematic name of salsify, or oyster- 
plant, which belongs to the natural order 
Cichoracese. 
Tra'gus.* [From rpdyo;, a “goat;” 
beeause it is in many persons covered 
with hair.] A part of the ear: the same 
as Antilobium, which see. 
Trailing1. See Procumbent. 
Trance. An ecstatic or rapt state of 
mincl. Sometimes applied to Catalepsy. 
Trans. A Latin preposition, signify- 
ing “ across,” or “ over,” sometimes 
“through:” also, “from one to another.” 
Tran-s^en-«len' tal. [Tran seen* 
denta'lis; from hang, “beyond,” and 
scan'do, to “ climb.”] That which tran- 
scends or goes beyond the limits of 
actual experience. 
Trans-fur-mA/tinn. [Transier- 
nia'tio, o'nig; from trans,“over,” “from 
one to another,” and for'mo, forma'turn, to 
“make.”] Literally, the act of changing 
one thing or substance into another. A 
change of form. A morbid change in a 
part, consisting in the conversion of its 
texture into one of a different kind, as 
of the soft parts into bone or cartilage. 
Trans-fu'sion. [Transfn'sio,o'»is; 
from transfun'do, transf o'sum, to “pour 
from one vessel into another.”] The in- 
troducing of blood taken from the veins 
of one living animal into those of an- 
other; also, the introduction of other 
fluids than blood. 
Tran’sit. [From tran’seo, tran'situm, 
to “pass over.”] In Astronomy, the 
culmination, or passage of a celestial 
body across the meridian of any place. 
Also, the passage of an inferior planet 
across the sun’s disk. 
Tran-sl'tiou Rocks. A geological 
term formerly applied to the older second- 
ary Series, under the idea that they 
were formed during the transition of the 
globe from the uninhabited to the in- 
habited state.—(Brande.) 
Trans-la't ion. [Transla'tlo, o'nit; 
from transf e'ro, transla'turn, to “ transfer,” 
to “ translate.”] The act of transferring. 
See Metastasis. 
Trans-ln'cent, or Trans-lu'cid. 
[Translu'cidns; from trans, “through,” 
and la'ceo, to “shine.”] Penetrable by 
luminous rays, but too slightly to allow 
of perceiving objects; semi-transparent; 
pellucid. 
Trans-mn-ta'tion. [From trans, 
“from one to another,” and mu'to, muta'- 
tum, to “change.”] The act of changing 
one thing into another. In Alchemy, 
the operation of changing base or im- 
perfect metals into gold or silver. 
Trans-pa'rent. [Transpa'rcns, 
en'tis; from trans, “through,” and pa'- 
reo, to “ appear.”] Admitting the passage 
of the rays of light, so that objects ap- 
pear or are seen through any medium; 
diaphanous. 
569 TRA 
TRE 
Trans-pl-ra'«ion. [Transpi ra' tlo, 
O'nis; from trans, “through,” and spi'ro, 
spira'turn, to “breathe.”] The emission 
of vapor through the skin; insensible 
perspiration. 
Trans-u-da'tion. [Transinla'tio, 
o'nis; from trans, “through,” and su'do, 
suda'tum, to “sweat.”] The passing or 
oozing of blood, or other fluid, unaltered, 
through the pores of the skin, or mem- 
branes; and, so, distinguished from per- 
spiration, which implies that the per- 
spired fluid is secreted from the blood. 
Trans-ver-sa'lis.* [From trans, 
“across,” and ver'to, ver'snm, to “turn,” 
to “direct.”] The same as Transverse, 
which see. 
Transversa'lis Ab-domT-nis.* 
(“ Transverse [Muscle] of the Abdo- 
men.”) A muscle arising from the car- 
tilages of the seven lower ribs, etc., and 
inserted into the linea alba and the crest 
of the ilium. It supports and compresses 
the bowels. 
Transversa'lis Col'll.* (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle] of the Neck.”) A musclo 
arising from the transverse processes of 
the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, 
cervical vertebrae, and inserted into 
those of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, 
and seventh upper dorsal vertebra). It 
turns the neck obliquely backwards and 
to one side. 
Transversa'lis llor'si* (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle] of the Back”); also 
termed Mul-tif'I-dus Spi'nav* A 
muscle situated in the vertebral gutters. 
Its use is to straighten the vertebral co- 
lumn, and give it a slight rotary motion. 
Trans-verse'. [Transver'sns; 
see Transversalis.] Directed or placed 
crosswise. Applied to muscles. 
Transverse' Ax'is, in conic sec- 
tions, is the diameter which passes 
through both foci. It is the longest 
diameter of an ellipse, and the shortest 
of an hyperbola. 
Transverse' Su ture. [Sutu'ra 
Transversa'lis.] That which passes 
across the face, joining the bones of the 
skull to those of the face. 
Trans-ver'stis Au'ris* (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle] of the Ear”) of Al-bi'- 
nus. A muscle arising from the promi- 
nent part of the concha and inserted op- 
posite to the outer side of the anthelix. 
.Transver'sns I‘e'dis.;; (“Trans- 
verse [Muscle] of the Foot.”) A muscle 
arising from the metatarsal bone of the 
great toe and inserted into that of the 
little toe. 
Transvpr'siis P£r-I-nte'i.* 
(“Transverse [Muscle] of the Peri- 
naeum.”) A muscle arising from the 
tuber ischii and inserted into the middle 
line with its fellow. It is supposed to 
dilate the urethra. 
Tra-pe'zl-liorm. [Trapezifor'mis ; 
from trape'zium.\ Having the form of 
a trapezium. In Botany, unsyminetri- 
cally four-sided. 
Tra-pe zi-uin. : [Gr. from 
a “dinner-table.”] Originally, a 
quadrangle. Applied in Geometry to a 
plane figure having four sides, of which 
no two are parallel. In Anatomy, the 
name of the first bone of the second row 
of the carpus, or wrist. 
Tra-pe'zl-us.* Like a trapezium. 
Applied to a muscle of the neck and 
back. See next article. 
Tra-pe'zj-ns.* A muscle, so named 
from its form, arising from the superior 
transverse lino of the occipital bone, 
from the spinous processes of the seventh 
cervical and of all the dorsal vertebra), 
and inserted into the clavicle, the acro- 
mion, and the scapula. It draws the 
scapula according to the three directions 
of its fibres. It is also termed Cuculla- 
ris (like a hood). 
Trap-e-zokl'. [Trapezoi'des: from 
Tpanc’,a, a “table,” and ci6o;, a “form.”] 
Resembling a trapezium. Applied to 
a four-sided figure of which two sides 
only are parallel to each other. 
Trap Rock. [Swedish, Trap'pa, a 
“stair.”] Applied to certain volcanic 
rocks, which are composed of felspar, 
augite, and hornblende, and are so 
named because they occur in large tabu- 
lar masses rising one above another like 
the successive steps of a staircase. 
Trau-mat'ic. [Trauniat'icus; 
from Tpaiipa, a “wound.”] Relating to, or 
caused by, a wound; vulnerary. 
Trau-ino-ty'phus.* [From rpavpa, 
a “ wound,” and ty’phus.'] Eiscnmann's 
term for hospital gangrene. 
Trea'cle. [Lat. Sac'chari l 
and Theri'aea; Fr. T heriaque, 
A name for molasses. 
Tree. [Lat. Ar'fior; Gr. hiv&pov; Fr. 
Arbre, attbR.] A woody plant with a 
single trunk, which attains at least five 
times the human stature. 
Tree-like. See Arborescent, and 
Dendroid. 
Tre'foil. [From tres, “three,” and 
fo'Hum, a “leaf.”] A name for clover. 
(See Trifolium Pratense.) It is some- 
times applied to the Hcpat'ica tril'oba. 
570 TRE 
TRI 
Tre'foil, Marsh, and Tre'foil, 
W a'ter. Common names for the Meny- 
an'thes trifolia'ta, or buck-bean. 
Tremaiul racese, ® t re -in an - d ra' sh e - e. 
[From Treman'dra, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
shrubs, all natives of New Holland. 
Treinblemcnt. See Tremor. 
Trem'bles. A popular term for mer- 
curial tremor. 
Tre'mens.* [From tre'mo, to “ trem- 
ble.”] Shaking: trembling. See De- 
lirium Tremens. 
Tre mor, o'ris.* [From the same.] 
(Fr. Tremblement, tRoM'bl-moNa'.) An 
involuntary trembling. 
Tre'mor Cor'dis.® (“ Tremor of the 
Heart.”) A term for palpitation of the 
heart. 
Tre'mor Mer-en-rl-a'Iis* (“Mer- 
curial Tremor”); also called Tre'mor 
Me-tal'li-eus.* (“Metallic Tremor.”) 
A form of shaking palsy; an affection of 
the nervous system induced by the in- 
halation, or other application to the body, 
of mercurial vapors. 
Tre'mor Ten'dY-num.* (“Trem- 
bling of the Tendons.”) A term for the 
shaking palsy; a morbid intermittent 
action of a spasmodic kind. 
Tre-pan'. [Trep'amtm; from rpw- 
naoi, to “ bore.”] An instrument by which 
a circular portion of bone is removed 
from the skull. 
Trep-a-na'tion. [Trepana'tio, 
o'nis; from trep'anum, a “trepan.”] 
Trepanning, or operation with the trepan. 
Tre-phine'. [Trephi'na; perhaps 
from rpiirto, to “turn.”] The more modern 
instrument for perforating, or removing 
a circular piece of bone from, the skull. 
Tre'sis.* [From rpuw, to “bore,” to 
“pierce.”] Literally, a “perforation.” 
A wound. 
Tri-, [From rptig, or tres, “three.”] 
A prefix denoting “three,” or “thrice.” 
T ri-a-can' 13ms.- [From rpeis, 
“three,” and dsavOa, a “ spine.”] Having 
spines disposed in threes. 
Tri-a-del'phoMN. [Triadel'phus; 
from TpeTs, “three,” and adtXtpo;, a “bro- 
ther.”] Having the filaments in three 
brotherhoods or sets. 
Tri-aii'dri-a.* [From rpeis, “three,” 
and drijp, arSpos, a “man,” or “male.”] 
The third Linnsean class of plants, com- 
prising those which have three stamens 
in each flower. 
Tri-an drous. [Trian'drius; from 
the same.] Having three stamens: tri- 
andrious. 
Tri-an 'gii-liir. [Triangn laris: 
from tri-,“three,” or “thrice,” and un’- 
yulus, an “ angle.”] Having three angles. 
Tri-an-gu-la'ris l.a-bi-o rum.® 
(“Triangular [Muscle] of the Lips.”) 
A name frequently given to the depressor 
anyuli oris, from its triangular shape. 
Triangularis Ster'ni.* (“Trian- 
gular [Muscle] of the Sternum.”) A 
muscle arising from the lower part of 
the sternum and ensiform cartilage and 
inserted into the cartilages of the third, 
fourth, fifth, and sixth ribs. It is also 
called sterno-costalis (i.e. “ connected with 
the sternum and ribs”). It depresses the 
ribs. 
Tri-an'thous. [Trinn'tliiis; from 
rpris, “three,” and avdog, a “flower.”] 
Three-flowered. Applied to a plant the 
peduncles of which bear three flowers. 
Trl'as. A term for the new red sand- 
stone group of rocks. See next article. 
Tri-as'sic. [Trias'sicus; from rpiag, 
a “triad.”] Applied to the new red 
sandstone (or trios), because composed 
of three divisions. 
TrI-ba'sie. [Trihas'icns; from tri-, 
“three,” and bn'sis, a “base.”] Having 
three bases. Applied to salts having 
three equivalents of a base to one of an 
acid. See Bibasic. 
Tri-cap'su-lar. [Tricapsnla'ris; 
from tri-, “ three,” and cap’sula, a “ cap- 
sule.”] Applied to fruits formed by the 
union of three capsules. 
Trl-car'pel-Ia-ry. [From rpeig, 
“three,” and “fruit.”] Composed 
of three carpels. 
TrI-ear'pous. [Tricar'pns; from 
the same.] In Botany, having three 
ovaries. 
'a-Ious. [Tricepli'alus ; 
from rpeis, “three,” and KctpaXij, the 
“head.”] Three-headed. Applied to 
plants. 
Trl'eeps, ip'itisS- [From tri-, “three,” 
and ca'put, the “head.”] Having three 
heads. Applied to certain muscles hav- 
ing three origins. 
Trl'eeps Au'ris.® (“Three-headed 
[Muscle] of the Ear.”) A name given 
to the posterior anris, because it arises 
by three distinct slips. 
Tri'ceps Ex-ten'sor Crn'ris.* 
(“Three-headed Extensor of the Leg.”) 
A large muscle which extends the leg. It 
has been described as consisting of—1. 
The Vas’tus exter’nus, arising from the 
trochanter major and inserted into the 
patella and fascia of the knee-joint. 2. 
The Vas’tus inter'mis, arising from the 
571 trochanter minor and inserted in like 
manner into the patella and fascia. 3. 
The (Jrune'tin, arising from between the 
trochanters and inserted into the patella. 
Tri'ceps Exten'sor Cu'bl-ti.* 
(“Three-headed Extensor of the El- 
bow.”) A muscle arising by three heads 
from the inferior border of the scapula, 
and from the on humeri, and inserted into 
the olecranon. It extends the forearm. 
Trj-clian't5ms. [From 0p<(, rpixk, 
the “hair,” and undo;, a “flower.”] Hav- 
ing capillary or hair-like flowers. 
Tri vlii-a,* or Tri-rhi'a-sis.* [From 
Op/, “ hair.”] A disease in which the eye- 
lashes arc turned in towards the eyeball. 
Tri-elill'I-a E-enet'i-ca.® The El- 
ca'ja; a tree found in Arabia and Senegal. 
The fruit is used as an emetic. 
Tri-elii'na [from Op’/, “ hair,” from its 
minuteness] Spi-ra'lis.- A species of 
minute entozoon found in the muscles. 
Death is said to be sometimes caused by it. 
Tri -eli is’ in us.® [From Op/, “ hair.”] 
A hair-like and scarcely perceptible frac- 
ture of a bone. 
Trieh-o-csU-y-ci'iius.® [From Op/, 
“hair,” and (caXuf, a “calyx.”] Having 
the calyx covered with hair. 
Tri«‘h-o-car'|nis.::: [From Op/, 
“hair,” and xa/wiS;, “fruit.”] Having 
hairy fruit. 
Trieli-o-cau'liis. ' [From Op/, “hair,” 
and navXof, a “stem.”] Having a hairy 
stem. 
[from Op/, 
‘•'hair,” and KcfaXh, the “head”] I>is'- 
par.* The long thread-worm, generally 
found in the ceeeum. 
Tri'ehoiil. [Triclioi'des; from Op/, 
“hair,” and ei&>(, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling hair. 
Tri-chol'o-ir.V. [Trlcholo'gia; from 
Op/, “hair,” and Xdyog, a “discourse.”] 
A treatise on hair, or the science of hair. 
Tri-eUo'ma, a tin/- [From Op/, 
“hair.”] Plica, or plaited hair; also 
termed Trichia, and Trichiasis. A genus 
of the order Impetiginen, class Cachexias, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Tri eli-o-pliy 1' Ions. [TrioliopliyI 
I us; from Op/, “hair,” *and <piXXoy, a 
“leaf.”] Having hairy leaves. 
Tri-«ho'sis.® [From Op/, rpixos, 
“hair.”] A generic term applied by 
Dr. Good to diseases of the hair. 
Tri-eliot o-inous. [Trielhot'o- 
mns; from rpi'ya, “threefold,” and repyin, 
to “cut.”] Divided into threes. In 
Botany, branched into threes. 
Tri’cliro-ism. [Trichrois'mus; 
Till 
from Tpds, “three,” and \p6a, “color.’ 
The phenomenon of a body seeming ( 
be of three diiicrcnt colors, according t 
the way in which the luminous ra’ 
traverse it; a phenomenon observed i 
certain precious stones. 
Tri-chu'rls, idie* [From Op/, 
“hair,” and ovpa, a “tail.”] The Ion 
hair-worm. 
TrI-eoc'cous. [Tricoe'cns; fro 
rptig, “three,” and kokko;, a “berry.1 
Having three cocci (separable close 
cells). 
Tri-«*or'n«v:s [From tri-, “three 
and cor'mi, a “ horn.”] A term applied 
each lateral ventricle of the brain, fro 
its three-horned shape. 
Tri-cus'pi«l. [Tricns'pis, idi, 
from tri-, “three,” and cun'pin, a “ point. 
Having three points. Applied to a val' 
between the right auricle and ventrie 
of the heart. 
iri-ciis pi-date. [Tricnspida'tn* 
from the same.] Having three point 
Applied to leaves. 
Tri-don'ta!o. [From tri-, “three 
and deux, den'tin, a “tooth.”] Thre 
toothed. 
TrI-en'ial-al. [From tri-, “three 
and on'mm, a “jTeur.”] Lasting thr 
years. Applied to plants. 
Tri-fa'cinl. [Trifacia'lis: from tr 
“three,” and fa'cics, the “lace.”] A 
plied to the fifth pair of nerves, the 
three divisions being distributed on t 
face. See Trigemini. 
Tri-fa'rl-ous. [Trifa'rius.] 
three vertical ranks. Applied to pai 
of plants. 
Tri'Ad. [Trif'idus; from tr 
“three,” or “thrice,” aud Jin'do, 
“ cleave.”] Three-cleft. 
Tri-fo'II-ate. [Trifolia'tus; fre 
tri-, “three,” and /o'limn, a “leaf. 
Having three leaflets: three-leaved. A 
plied to a compound leaf, as that of t 
clover. 
Tri-fo'li-iim Pra-ten'se.* The s; 
tematio name for red clover, a plant 
the Linnajan class Diadelplu'a, natui 
order Leguminonte. 
Tri-fur'cate. [From tren, “threi 
and fur'en, a “fork.”] Three-forked. 
Trig'a-mous. [From rpaj, “thre' 
and “marriage,” or “union 
Applied to plants having on the sai 
flower-head three sorts of flowers, star 
nate, pistillate, and perfect. 
Tri-fecm'I-ni* (ner'vi being und 
stood). The “triple nerves.” Also term 
Par Trl-geni'I-mim,* the “tri 
TIU 
572 TRI 
TRI 
pair.” A name for the fifth and largest 
pair of the encephalic nerves. It con- 
sists of three principal portions or 
branches, called the ophthalmic, the supe- 
rior maxillary, and the inferior maxil- 
lary. As these three branches are prin- 
cipally distributed to the muscles of the 
face, they have been termed collectively 
the trifacial nerve. 
TrI-gem'I-nus.* [From tri-, “three,” 
and gem'inus, “twin,” or “double.”] 
Literally, “three double,”—that is, triple. 
Applied in the plural to a pair of nerves. 
See preceding article. 
Tri'gon. [Trigo'num; from rpcis, 
“three,” and yojv'ia, an “angle.” See 
Trigone.] A figure of three angles; a 
triangle. 
Trig'o-nal, or Trl'go-notis. [Tri- 
go'nus.] Three-cornered, or having 
three angles. Applied to seeds or 
fruits. 
Trigone (Fr.), tre-gon' [Trlgo'nus; 
from trigo'num']; called also the Yes'- 
l-cal Tri'an-gle. The small triangular 
space on the lining membrane of the 
bladder, between the orifice of the ure- 
thra and the orifices of the ureters. 
Trigone Vesicate (v&'zi'k&l'), or 
“Vesical Triangle.” See Trigone. 
Trigonella Foenum. See Fenu- 
greek. 
Tri-gon-o-car'pus.* [From trigo'- 
nus, “triangular,” and icaprrds, “fruit.”] 
Having triangular fruit: trigonoearpous. 
Trig-o-no-met'ri-eal. [Trigono- 
met'ricus.] Belonging to trigonome- 
try. 
Trig-o-nom'e-try. [Trigonome'- 
tria; from rpiyiorov, a “triangle,” and 
perpiu), to “measure.”] Originally, the 
measurement of triangles, or that branch 
of mathematics which treats of the rela- 
tions between the sides and angles of 
triangles. In its modern acceptation, it 
includes all formulas relative to angles 
or circular arcs, and the lines connected 
with them. 
Tri'gyn-ons. [Trigyn'ius; from 
rpcis, “three,” and ywi), a “woman,” or 
“female.”] Having three pistils; tri- 
gynious. 
Trl-he'«lral. [Trihed'ricus, or 
Trihe'drus; from rpcis, “three,” and 
cdpa, a “base.”] Having three bases or 
faces: trihe'drous. 
Tri'labe. [From tri-, “three,” and 
la'bium, a “lip;” or perhaps from tri-, 
and \a6civ, to “lay hold on;” because it 
takes a triple hold.] An instrument for 
extracting foreign bodies from the blad- 
dcr through the urethra. It has at the 
termination threre branches, or arms, 
which can be expanded after it is in- 
serted into the bladder. 
Tri-lat'e-ral. [From tri-, “three,” 
and la'tus, lat'eris, a “side.”] Three- 
sided. 
Trilliacese,* tril-le-a'she-e. [From 
Tril'lium, one of the genera.] A natu- 
ral order of endogenous herbaceous 
plants, found in temperate regions. 
Tril'll-urn.* A genus of plants of 
the natural order Trilliaceae. The root 
is astringent. 
Tri'lo-bate. [From tri-, “three,” and 
lo'bus, a “lobe.”] Three-lobed. 
Trl-loc'u-lar. [From tri-, “three,” 
and loc'ulus, a “ cell.”] Three-celled. 
Trl'me-rous. [From rptis, “ three,” 
and pcpos, a “part.”] Having three parts 
in each whorl. Applied to flowers which 
have three petals, three stamens, etc. It 
is often printed with figures: as, 3-merous. 
Tri-ner'vate. [From tri-, “three,” 
and ner'vus, a “ nerve.”] Three-nerved. 
Applied to leaves. 
Tri«eciotis, tri-e'shus. [Trice'cius; 
from Tfieif, “three/’ and oikos, a “house,” 
“habitation;” also, “family.” See Di- 
oecious.] Having staminate, pistillate, 
and perfect flowers on three different 
plants of the same species. 
Tri-os' te-nni.* Fever-root. The 
Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for the 
root of the Trios' teum perfolia'turn. The 
root is cathartic and (in large doses) 
emetic. 
Trl-ov'u-Iate. [From tri-, “three,” 
and ov'ulum, an “ ovule.”] Having three 
ovules. 
Tri-imr'ti-ble. [From tri-, “ three,” 
and par'tio, parti'turn, to “part.”] Ca- 
pable of being split into three. 
Trl-par'tite. [Triparti'tns; from 
the same.] Three-parted. 
TrI-pet'a-lous. [Fronirprij, “three,” 
and 7rcraikor, a “petal.”] Having three 
petals. 
Tri-phyl'lotts. [Tripliyl'ltis; from 
rpcis, “three,” and tpvWor, a “leaf.”] 
Having three leaves. 
Tri-pin'nate. [From tri-, “three,” or 
“thrice,” and pin'na, a “feather.”] 
Thrice-pinnate. Applied to a leaf in 
which there are three series of pinna- 
tion. 
Tri-pin-nat'i-fid. Thrice pinna- 
tifid. 
Trip'li-nerved. [Tripliner'vis; 
from tri'plus, “triple,” and ner'vus, a 
“nerve.”] Triple-nerved; triple-ribbed. 
573 Till 
TRO 
Applied to a leaf when the midrib gives 
off a strong primary vSin or branch on 
each side above the base. 
Trip-lo'pi-a.*' [From rpnrXoo;, 
“triple,” and ihrropuu, to “see.”] Dis- 
ordered vision in which objects arc 
trijdod. 
Tirl'pod. [From rpEij, “three,” and 
rTO;, -oj.-ij, a “ foot.”] A stool, table, or 
vessel having three feet. 
Tri'pocI, Vi'tal. A term applied to 
the heart, lungs, and brain. 
Tri-que'tra, Os'sa* [seenext article], 
otherwise called Os'sa 
The triangular bones sometimes found 
in the courso of the lambdoidat suture. 
'I ri-ijue'lrous. [Triajue'tirais; from 
trique'tra, a “triangle.”] Triangular; 
having three salient angles. 
Tri-siilf. [Tri'sal, aits/ from tri-, 
“three,” or “thrice,” and sal, a “salt.”] 
A salt containing three times as much 
acid to the same quantity of base, or 
three times as much base to the same 
quantity of acid, as the corresponding 
neutral salt. 
Trl-sep'a-losis. [From tri-, “three,” 
and sep'alum, a “ sepal.”] Composed of 
three sepals. 
Tri-se'rl-al. [From tres, “three,” 
and se'rics, a “row,” or “order.”] In 
three rows or ranks, one below another. 
[From rpiljco, to “gnash.”] 
Lock-jaw or locked-jaw. See Tetanus 
Trismus. 
Tris'mtis Nascesi'tium* (nas-senr- 
shc-um). (“Locked-Jaw of Infants.”) 
Occurring usually within two weeks from 
their birth. 
Tris'suMS Tran-mat’i-cnsA Trau- 
matic locked-jaw; that is, loeked-jaw 
arising from a wound. 
Tri-spIanvEi'isi-sw* Pincl’s term for 
an affection of the trisplanchnic or great 
sympathetic nerve. Applied to Oriental 
cholera. 
Tri-sjilancSi'nic \crvc. [Xer'viis 
Trisplaneii'nieuy ; from rpug, “ three,” 
and aTr\iyx-’OJ, a “ viscus;” because it is 
connected with the viscera of the three 
great cavities of the body: viz., of the 
head, thorax, and abdomen.] Also called 
the tfireat Sym-jw-lSiffie. The name 
of a nerve, or, rather, a series of ganglia 
joined together by a multitude of ner- 
vous filaments. It extends the whole 
length of the trunk, and is connected by 
a branch with each of the thirty pairs 
of spinal nerves, and also with some of 
the encephalic nerves. Its peculiar func- 
tion in the animal economy has not yet 
been satisfactorily explained. Bichat 
considered it to be the nervous system 
of organic life, as contradistinguished 
from the brain and spinal marrow, which, 
with their appropriate nerves, constitute 
the nervous system of animal life. 
t'ris d-clioiis. [From rpstf, “three,” 
and cmyof, a “row.”] In three vertical 
ranks. Applied to leaves. 
Tri-stig-matlc. [From tri-, 
“three,” and stiy'ma, stiy' matin, a 
“mark,” or “stigma.”] Having three 
stigmas. 
Tri-sty'Ions. [From tri-, “three,” 
and sty'lus, a “style.”] Having three 
styles. 
Trit.= Trit'ura.* “Triturate.” 
Tri-tcr'nate. [From tri-, “three,” 
or “thrice,” and ter'ni, “three by three.”] 
Thrice ternate. Applied to a compound 
leaf in which there are three series of 
ternation. 
Trit'I-ciii. [Tritici'na.] The glu- 
ten of wheat. 
Trlt'I-cum.* [From le'ro, fri'tum, 
to “thresh.”] A Linnaaan genus of the 
class Triandria, natural order Graini- 
nacese. 
Trit'icum -li-sti'vmn.® (“Sum- 
mer Wheat.”) The wheat-plant; more 
properly applied to the variety known as 
“ spring wheat.” 
Trit'icnm !t,v-!)(Tiuim. (“Win- 
ter Wheat.”) The name of a species or 
variety commonly known as winter 
wheat. 
Trit/ieum Viil-ga're.’ (“Common 
Wheat.”) Another name for the wheat- 
plant. See Triticum /Estivum. 
Tri-tox'Ide. ['FrsJox'ydtscit; from 
tri-, and ox'ydum, an “oxide.”] An 
oxide which contains one atom of base 
united to three atoms of oxygen. 
]ril-u-rati<i>i. [Tritnra'tio, 
o'ais/ from te'ro, tri'tum, to “rub,” or 
“bray.”] The process of reducing solid 
bodies to powder by continued rub- 
bing. 
TrSv'I-jil. [Tri via/Iis; from triv'- 
ium, a “place where three ways meet.”] 
Originally, “much frequentedhence, 
“common.” The trivial name is the 
popular name of a plant. In Botany, 
used synonymously with specific, being 
applied to the name which is added tc 
the generic name; for example, Gallica 
is the trivial name in the compound 
appellation Jlosa Gallica. 
Trocar, tro'kir. [From trots quarts 
“three-quarters,” on account of its three- 
sided point.] A sharp-pointed instru 
574 ment used in the operation of tapping, 
or paracentesis. 
Truck. = Ti •ochis'cus.* “ A troche, or 
lozenge.” 
Tro-«k»n'ter, e'ris.* [From Tfoxnco, 
to “turn,” or “revolve.”] Applied ori- 
ginally to the ball on which the femur 
turned in its socket. Applied to two 
processes of the femur, major and minor. 
Also to the second joint of the hind leg 
of insects; and to the second piece of 
the simple limb of the Crustacese. 
Trochar. See Trocar. 
Trocke (trotch), or Troeh. See Tro- 
CH1SCUS. 
Tro-eliid-I-for'mis,® or Tro-ekl- 
for'mis.® [From rpoxk, a “wheel.”] 
Resembling a wheel. 
Troek'I-nus.:;; [From rfoyof, a 
“wheel.”] Chaussier’s term for the 
smaller of the two superior eminences of 
the os humeri. 
Tro-ekis'cus,* plural Tro-ekis'yi. 
[Diminutive of rfo\6s, a “wheel;” be- 
cause often made in the shape of a 
wheel.] A troche, or lozenge, usually 
consisting of some medicinal substance 
incorporated with sugar or mucilage. (See 
U.S. Pharmacopoeia, page 339.) 
Troek'I-ter, e'r is.® The larger of 
the two eminences mentioned under 
Trochinus. 
Trochlea,® trok'le-a. [From r/joydj, 
a “wheel ”] The fibro-cartilaginous 
pulley near the internal angular process 
of the frontal bone, through which the 
tendon of the obhquus superior muscle 
passes. 
Troeh'le-ar. [Trochlea'ris.] Be- 
longing to the trochlea. In Botany, 
pulley-shaped. 
Troeh-le-a'ris.® A name for the 
obli'qmis supe'rior, a muscle of the eye 
which passes through the trochlea. 
Troeh-le-a'tor, o'ris.® Applied in 
the plural (Trochleato'res) to the fourth 
pair of nerves, because distributed to 
the trochlcaris muscle. See Pathetic 
Nerves. 
Troch-le-a-to'rcS,® the plural of 
Trociileator, which see. 
Tro'eboid. [Trockoi'des; from 
rpoxik, a “wheel,” and ttVo,-, a “form.”] 
Resembling a wheel. Applied to a 
movable connection of bones in which 
one rotates upon another. 
Trompe on Conduit d" F.tistaoke. 
The French term for Eustachian Tube, 
which see. 
Tronc. See Truncus. 
Tro-|>®e'o-linn Ma'jus.® The sys- 
TRO 
tematie name of the nasturtium, a plant 
of the natural order Geraniacete. It is 
reputed antiscorbutic. 
Tropk'I-cal. [Trophicns: from 
Tpo*>fi, “nourishment.”] Pertaining to 
nutrition. 
Tropk»o-neu-ro'sis.* [From Tfo-i.fi, 
“nourishment,” and neuro'sis.] A spe- 
cies of fatal atrophy, in which the pro- 
cess of nutrition suffers from diminished 
nervous influence. 
Troph'o-s]term. [Trophosper'- 
mium; from rpoQ <%, a “nurse,” or 
“nourisher,” and mrifpa, a “seed.”] A 
name for the placenta of plants. 
Trop'ic. [Trop’icus; from rptmiKds, 
“pertaining to a turning.”] One of the 
two parallels of lutitude on the earth, 
distant from the equator and 
marking the utmost limit of the sun’s 
advance northward or southward at the 
summer or winter solstice; so named 
because at this point the sun seems to 
stop in its northward or southward course, 
and turn backwards; the Northern is 
called the Tropic of Cancer, the Southern, 
that of Capricorn. 
Trop'I-eal. [Gr. TfoniKos; from Tfonij, 
a “ turn,” or “ return.”] Growing near 
or between the tropics;- belonging to the 
tropics. 
Trough, Pneumatic. See Pneu- 
matic Trough. 
Trousse. See Truss. 
True Ribs. The seven superior, or 
the sternal, ribs, attached to the sternum 
by distinct cartilages. 
True Spi'nal Mar'row. The spi- 
nal cord. 
Truf tie. [ Eycopcr'don Tu ber.] 
A subterranean fungus used as an ali- 
ment. 
Trum'pet-Skaped. Tubular, with 
the summit dilated. Applied to flowers. 
Trun'cate, or Trun'cat-ed. 
[Trnnca'tns; from trun'eo, trunca'tum, 
to “cut off.”] In Botany, shaped as if 
cut off at the end. Applied to leaves. 
A truncated cone (or pyramid) is one 
whose vertex has been cut off by a plane 
parallel to the base. 
Trunk. [Lat. Trnn'eus; Fr. Trane, 
tr6N«.] Originally, the body, exclusive 
of head and extremities: now often ap- 
plied to the head and body without the 
limbs. In Botany, the main stem or 
column of a tree, exclusive of its branches. 
Truss. [Lat. Braehe'rium; Fr. 
Trousse, trooss.] A support or bandage 
of peculiar construction, adapted to sev- 
eral kinds of hernia. 
TRU 
575 TUB 
tion caused or attended by the develop- 
ment of tubercles in the lungs. 
Tu-ber-cii-lif'er-ons. [Tubercn- 
lif'oriis; from tuber'eulum, a “tuber- 
cle,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing 
tubercles. 
Tu-ber-cu-li'tis.* [From tuber'eu- 
lum, a “tubercle.”] Inflammation of a 
tubercle. 
Tn-bcr-cu-lo'sis.® The formation 
of tubercles or tuberculous disease; also 
applied to the morbid condition which 
gives rise to tubercles. 
Tu-ber'cn-lum An-mi-la're.* 
(“Annular Protuberance:” so called 
because its transverse stria; present the 
appearance of numerous small rings.) 
A name for the Poxs Varolii, which 
see. 
Tuberculum 1/Otveri. See Loweri 
Tuberculum. 
Tu-bo-rif'er-ons. [Tuborlf'erus; 
from tu'ber, and fe’ro, to “bear.”] Bear- 
ing or having tubers. 
Tn-bc-ros'l-ty. [Tuberos'itas; 
from tu'ber, a “knob.”] An eminenco 
or process of a bone, which gives attach- 
ment to muscles or ligaments. 
Tiiberos'lty of the Is’ehi-um. 
The same as Tuber Isciiii, which see. 
Tu'ber-ous. [Tubero'sns.] Hav- 
ing tubers, or resembling tubers : tu'be- 
rose. 
Tii-bif'er-ous. [Tobif'erus; 
from tu'bus, a “tube,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing or having tubes. 
Tu-bl-flo'rus.* [From tu'bus, a 
“tube,” and fios, a “flower.”] Having a 
tubulous corolla; that is, having the tube 
of the corolla very long: tubiflo'rous. 
Tiibl-form [Tubifor'inis, or 
Tubsefor'mis; from tn'ba, a “trum- 
pet”] ; written also Tu'be-forni. Formed 
like a trumpet, or tube enlarged at one 
of its extremities. 
Tu'biforin. [Tubifor'mis; from 
tu'bus, a “tube.”] Formed like a tube. 
Tu'bu-liir. [Tiibula'ris; from 
tu'bulus, a “little tube.”] Resembling 
a tube; tube-shaped. Applied to a form 
of monopetalous corolla; as that of the 
Lonice'ra (Honeysuckle). 
Tu'bu-lat-ed, or Tu'bn-lons. 
[Tubiila'tus; from the same.] Formed 
like a tube; tubular. 
Tti'bule. [Tu'bulus.] A small 
tube. 
Tii'bn-lt.* [Plural of Tubulus.] 
(“Little Tubes.”) Applied to several 
sets of minute vessels in different situa- 
tions of the body. 
TUB 
Tuba Eustachiana. See Eusta- 
chiax Tube. 
Tuba Fallopiana. See Fallopian 
Tubes. 
Tube. [From tu'bus, a “pipe,” or 
“ tube.”] In Botany, the portion of a 
calyx or corolla formed by the union of 
tho sepals or petals. 
Tube, Pollen. See Pollen Tube. 
Tu'ber, er is.® [From tu'meo, to 
“swell.”] A knob or excrescence. Ap- 
plied in Anatomy to a hump or protube- 
rance. In Botany, a short and thick- 
ened subterranean branch, as the edible 
part of the potato, popularly included 
under the term “root.” In Surgery, a 
knot, enlargement, or swelling of any 
part. 
Tuber Annulare. See Pons Ya- 
rolii. 
Tu'ber Ei-ne're-um.* (“Ash- 
colored Tuber.”) An eminence of gray 
substance, forming part of tho floor of 
the third ventricle of the brain. 
Tu'ber Is'ehbiA (“Tuber of the 
Ischium.”) A round knob forming that 
point of the ischium on which we sit: 
hence this bone has been named os sed- 
entnrium (“sedentary bone”). 
Tu'ber-cle. [Tuber'eulum; dimi- 
nutive of tu'ber, a “knob,” or “swell- 
ing.”] A small swelling or tumor in 
the substance of an organ. A morbid 
product occurring in various textures of 
the body, resulting from a peculiar mor- 
bid habit or condition of the system 
known as tubercular diathesis. In Bot- 
any, a small tuber or excrescence. 
Tu'ber-cletl. Bearing excrescences. 
Applied to plants. 
Tu-ber'cu-la.* [Plural of tuber'eulum, 
a “tubercle,” or “little knob.”] An 
order in Willan’s Cutaneous Diseases, 
comprising small, hard, prominent, and 
circumscribed tumors, permanent or par- 
tially suppurating. 
Tuber'cula (tuacl-ri-^em'bna.® 
(“Quadruple Tubercles.”) [See Quad- 
rigeminus.] Also termed Cor'po-ra 
Quadrigem'lna* (“Quadruple Bo- 
dies”), and Em-I-nen'ti-se Quadri- 
gem'ina* (“ Quadruple Eminences, or 
Protuberances”). The four oval-shaped 
bodies situated below the posterior com- 
missure of the brain. The two superior 
and larger are termed the nates, the other 
two the testes. 
Tti-ber'cu-lar. [Tubercnla'ris; 
from tuber'eulum.] Having tubercles; 
tubereled. 
Tuber'cular Phthis is. Consump- 
576 TUB 
TUN 
Tn'buli Rec'ti.* (“Straight Tu- 
bules.”) From twelve to twenty small 
tubes which pass in parallel lines to the 
back and upper part of the testicle, form- 
ing there an oblong eminence termed the 
Corpus Highmori or Corpus Highmori- 
anttm (“Highmorian Body”). 
Tn'buli Sem-I-nif'e-ri.* (“Semi- 
niferous Tubules.”) The small, fine, 
tubular threads, about the two-hundredth 
of an inch in diameter, which, folded on 
each other, compose the substance of the 
testicle. 
Tu'buli U-ri-nif'e-ri.® (“Urinif- 
erous Tubules.”) The small fine vessels 
of a pale color and dense structure, 
arranged in eight or ten conical fascic- 
uli, which have their bases to the cir- 
cumference, and their apices, or papilla:, 
towards the concave edge of the kidney. 
Tubii-ll - b r au-cb i-ii' tus.® [From 
tu'bulus, a “ tubule,” and bran'chirn.] 
Having a tubular shell for the branchim: 
tubulibran'chiate. 
Tu-bn-lif er-ous. [Tubulif 'erus s 
from tu'bulus, a “little tube,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing little tubes. 
Tu-bn-H-flo'rus.* [From tu'bulus, 
a “little tube,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] 
Having tubular flowers: t.ubuliflo'rous. 
Tu'bu-li-forni. [ Tnbulifor'mis.] 
Formed like a small tube. 
Tu-bu-lose'. [ Tiiluilo'sus.] The 
same as Tubular, which sec. 
Tii'bu-Uis,* plural Tn'bu-li. [Di- 
minutive of tu'bus, a “ tube.”] A little 
tube: a tu'bule. 
Tu'bus.* A tube, or hollow cylinder. 
The inferior part of a calyx or a corolla. 
See Tube. 
Tu'fa.* A volcanic rock, composed of 
an agglutination of fragmented scoriae. 
Tu-lip-if'er-ous. [Tulipif 'erus; 
from tu'lipa, a “tulip,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing flowers like the tulip. 
Tu'lip-Tree. A common name for 
the Lirioden'dron tulipif era. See Lirio- 
DENDRON. 
Tul'pl-i Tal'va.* (“Valve of Tul- 
pius.”) A name applied to the ileo-cmcal 
valve. See Bauhin, Valve of. 
Tu-me-fac'tion. [Tumefac'tlo, 
o'mi's; from tumefa'cio, tnmefac'turn, to 
“make to swell.”] A swelling or en- 
largement, from whatever cause. 
Tu-mes't;ence. [Tumescen'tia; 
from tnmes'co, to “ swell.”] The same as 
Tumefaction. 
Tu'inlil. [Tu'mirtus; from tu'meo, 
to “swell.”] Swollen, or somewhat in- 
flated. 
Tu'mor,* plural Tu-iuo'res. [From 
tu'meo, to “ swell.”] A morbid enlarge- 
ment, from whatever cause; commonly 
applied to a permanent swelling or en~ 
largemen t. Tumors may be distinguished 
into the sarcomatous, so named from theit 
firm fleshy feel, and the encysted, com- 
monly called wens. 
Tumor O-va'ri-i.® (“ Tumor of the 
Ovary.”) Sec Oarionous. 
Tu-nio'res,* the plural of Tumor, 
which see. 
Tung'state. [Tung'stas, a'tts.] A 
combination of tungstic acid with a 
base. 
Tungsten. [Tungste'nium; from 
the Swedish tung, “ heavy,” and sten, 
“stone.”] A white, hard, brittle metal, 
very difficult of fusion, and having the 
high specific gravity of 17.4. 
Tung's! ie. [Tung'st ieus; from 
tungste'nium, “tungsten.”] Belonging to 
tungsten. Applied to an oxide which is 
the first, and to an acid that is the second, 
degree of oxidation of tungsten. 
Tu'm-ca.* [Perhaps from tu'eor, to 
“defend,” or “protect.”] A Latin word 
signifying a “coat,” a “tunic.” Applied 
to a covering, membrane, etc. 
Tu'nica A»l-na'ta.* (“Adnate 
Coat or Membrane.”) A term for that 
part of the conjunctiva which is in con- 
tact with the eyeball. 
Tu'nica Al-bn-gin'e-a Oc'u-li.® 
(“White Tunic of the Eye.”) Applied to 
the tendinous expansions of the muscles 
that move the eye, closely connected with 
the sclerotic coat. 
Tu'nica AHuigrin'ea Tes'tis.® 
(“White Coat of the Testicle.”) A 
strong, white, dense membrane forming 
the immediate covering of the testicle. 
See Albugineous. 
Tu'nica A-rach-no-i'deS.* (“A- 
rachnoid Tunic or Membrane.”) The 
fine, thin membrane of the brain, situated 
between the dura mater and pin mater. 
Tunica (luiroides. See Choroid 
Membrane. 
Tu'nica Com-mu'nis.* (“Common 
Tunic:” so called because common to 
the cord and testicle.) A tunic surround- 
ing the spermatic cord and testicle, com- 
posed of the expanded fibre of the cre- 
master muscle and the connecting cellu- 
lar tissue. 
Tunica Conjunctiva. See Con- 
JTJNCTIVUS. 
Tu'nica Itr-cid u-a Re-flex'a.* 
(“ Deciduous Reflexed Membrane.”) See 
Decidua Reflexa. 
577 Tu'nica Decid'ua IJ'te-ri.* (“ De- 
ciduous Membra ge of the Uterus.”) See 
Decidua Vera. 
Tunica Jacobi. See Membrana 
Jacobi. 
Tu'nica Ket'i-na.* (“Net-form 
Membrane.”) Another name for the Re- 
tina, which sec. 
Tu'nica Vag-i-nalis Tes'tis.® 
(“Vaginal Coat of the Testicle.”) A 
pouch of serous membrane derived from 
the peritonaeum and covering the testis. 
Tu-nl-ca'ta.* [From tu'nica, a “tu- 
nic.”] The first class of the Cyclo-gan- 
gliata, or Mollusks, comprising soft, 
aquatic acephalous animals, having their 
body enveloped in an elastic tunic fur- 
nished with at least two apertures. 
Tu'nl-eat-ed, or Tu'ni-eate. [Tu- 
nica'tus; from the same.] Covered; 
coated; having an accessory covering. 
Tu'nicated Bulb. A bulb with 
broad scales in concentric layers, as the 
onion. 
Turbetli (or Turbith) Mineral. 
See Turpeth Mineral. 
Tur'betBi Plant. The Convolvulus 
turpethum. 
Tur'bl-nal. [Turbina'lis; from 
turbina'tum os.] Proposed by Owen for 
the homologues of the inferior turbinated 
or spongy bone. 
Tur'bl-nate, or Tnr'bl-mat-ed. 
[Tnrbina'tus; from tur'bo, tur'hints, a 
“top.”] Formed like a top; wreathed 
conically from a base to a sort of apex. 
Tur'binated Bones. [Os'sa Tur- 
bina'ta.] “Top-shaped bones.” Two 
bones of the nostrils: so called from 
their being formed like a top. They aro 
also called inferior spongy bones, and 
ossa convoluta, or “convoluted bones.” 
Tnrbl-ni-flo'rus.® [From tur'bo, 
tur'binis, a “top,” and Jlos, a “flower.”] 
Having turbinated flowers: turbiniflo'- 
rous. 
Tur'bl-ni-foran. [Turbinifor'- 
nils: from tur'bo, tur'binis, a ‘‘top.”] 
The same as Turbinated. 
Turf. [Fes'pes.] A grassy sod; the 
surface of grass-lands of a smooth and 
uniform texture, covered with pasture- 
grass. The term is also sometimes ap- 
plied to peat cut out of a bog. 
Tur-&£s'$enee. [From turges'eo, to 
“begin to swell.”] A superabundance 
of humors in a part; turgidity. 
Turgidity. See Turgescence. 
Tnr'gor Vl-ta'lis.* A synonym of 
Turgescence, which see. 
Tu'rl-on. [Tu'rio, o'nis; from ty'ro, 
TUI? 
a “young beginner.”] The early state 
of a sucker or subterranean shoot, as an 
asparagus-shoot. 
Tu-rl-o-siif'er-ows. [Turionif'c- 
rus; from tu'rio, a “ turion,” and fe'ro, 
to “bear.”] Producing turions. 
Tur'ltey RDiu'hstrb. The Rheum 
palmatum. See Rheum. 
Tnr'me-ric. The root of Curcuma 
longa. See Curcuma. 
Tur'meric Pa'per. White, bibulous, 
and unsized paper, brushed over with 
tincture of turmeric, prepared by digest- 
ing one part of bruised turmeric in six 
parts of proof-spirit. It is of,cn used in 
the chemical laboratory as a test of the 
presence of free alkalies and their car- 
bonates, by which its yellow color is 
changed to brown. 
Turn of Life. The same as Change 
of Life, w'hich see. 
Tur'ner's tVrate. The Ceratum 
Calamines, or “cerate of calamine” (Lond. 
and Ed. Ph.), the Unguentum Calamines 
of the Lublin Pharmacopoeia. 
Turpentine. See Teuebinthina. 
Turpentine, Chian. See Tere- 
BINTniNA CltlA. 
Turpentine, Common. See Tere- 
binthixa Vulgaris. 
Turpentine, Cyprian. See Tere- 
BINTIIINA ClIIA. 
Turpentine, Oil of. See Oil of 
Turpentine. 
Tur'pen-tane, Spir'its of. The 
same as Oil of Turpentine. 
Turpentine, Venice. See Tere- 
BINTHINA VENETA. 
Tnr'petta (or Tur'beth) Min'e-raL 
[Tur'pettium ISIinera'le.] A common 
name for IIydrargyri Sulphas Flava, 
which see. 
Tur'pe-tlinni Xi'grum.® A name 
for the black oxide of mercury (Hydrar 
gyri ox'ydum cine'reum or ni'grum). 
Tur-quoifte'. A blue precious stone 
found in great quantities in the Nisha- 
poor mines in Persia, consisting chiefly 
of hydrated alumina. 
Tu-run'da,* plural Tu-run'dae. A 
tent or suppository. 
Tushy-Stone. See Tutty. 
Ttis-si-la'go Far fa-ra.s Colt’s-foot. 
A plant of the Linnasan class Syngenesia, 
natural order Composites. It is demul- 
cent and expectorant. 
Tus'sis.* A cough. 
Tus'sis Con-vul-si'va* (“Convulsive 
Cough”), Tws'sis Fe-ri’na* (“ Fierce or 
Savage Cough”). Names for pertussis, 
or hooping-cough. 
TITS 
578 TUS 
TYP 
Tns'sTve. [From tus'sis, a “cough.”] 
Relating to, or caused by, cough. 
Taat'ty. [Tu'tia.] (Persian.) A gray 
oxide of zinc, vulgarly called tushy- 
stone. 
Twica-Forlced. See Biheminate. 
Twi'iaimg. [Tolsi'bilis.] Wind- 
ing spirally round a support, as a twi- 
ning plant. 
'i’wintt'ling'. The tremulous motion 
of the light of the fixed stars, attributed 
to the unequal refraction caused by in- 
equalities and undulations in the atmo- 
sphere. See Scintillation. 
Twins. [Gem'ini.] Two children 
born of one woman at the same accouche- 
ment. 
Two-Ratahed. See Distichous. 
Ty-eti 'i -ca.* [From rvxn, an “acci- 
dent.”] Accidental wounds or deformi- 
ties. 
Ty-loph'o-r» AstSa-inat'S-ca.* An 
East Indian plant of the natural order 
Asclepiadacese. The root is emetic and 
cathartic. 
Ty-lo'sis.® [From ruAoj, a “cal- 
losity.”] A swollen and knotty state of 
the eyelids, in which their margin often 
loses altogether its natural form and ap- 
pearance. 
Ty-los-te-re'sis.* [From tv\o;, a 
‘'callus,” and ortpricns, “privation.”] Ex- 
tirpation or removal of a callus. 
Tyin'pa-aaal. [Tympaafla'Iis.] Be- 
longing to the tympanum. 
Tym'pa-iaic, or tim-pan'ik. [Tym- 
pan'icus; from tym'panum, the “drum 
of the ear.”] Relating to the tympanum. 
Tyjii-pa-ni'tes.* [From tym'panum, 
a “drum.”] Tympany; wind-dropsy. A 
genus of the order Intumescentiie, class 
Cachexite, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Tyan'pa-mian.® [From ripnavov, a 
“drum.”] The drum, or hollow part of 
the middle ear, containing the ossicida. 
Type. [From ty'pus, a “form,” or 
“type.” See Typus.] In Botany, a 
pattern or ideal plan. The leaf is as- 
sumed as the type or pattern to which 
all the other organs (arising from the 
ascending axis) may be referred; that 
is, all those organs are considered as 
modifications or transformations of a 
leaf. Also, a letter, or a piece of metal 
moulded into the form of a letter or 
character. 
Type-Met'sil. An alloy of lead and 
antimony, with a small proportion of tin, 
used in casting printers’ types. One part 
of antimony to three of lead are the 
usual proportions. 
Typliacese,* ti-fa'she-e. A natural 
order of endogenous herbaceous plants, 
growing in marshes or ditches in the 
northern parts of the world. It includes 
the Ty'pha (Cat-tail). 
Ty'plise,*' the plural of Ty'pha, form- 
ing the Jussieuan name of an order of 
plants. See Typiiaceje. 
Tj-plut'cleS.* [From ty'phusJ] Hav- 
ing, or pertaining to, typhus: ty'phous. 
Typhoid. [Typhoi'dcs; from try’- 
phus, and el 60s, a “form.”] Resembling 
typhus. 
Ty'phofd Fe'ver. [Fe'bris Ty- 
phot'des.] Applied to a fever distin- 
guished from typhus by a lesion of the 
intestines, but closely resembling it in 
other respects. By many it is thought to 
be typhus merely complicated with the 
intestinal lesion. 
Ty'plio-Ma-Ia'ri-al. A term ap- 
plied to a group of fevers in which the 
typhoid and malarial elements are vari- 
ously blended. 
Tj-iiho-iisa'ni-a.' [From rw/o?, 
“stupor,” and paria, “madness.”] A low, 
lethargic state, complicated with mutter- 
ing delirium, characterizing typhus fever. 
Ty-ptaoom'. [From the Chinese to, 
“great,” and faong, “wind.”] A name 
given to a violent tornado or hurricane 
in the Chinese seas. 
Ty-plio'sus.* The same as Typho- 
des, which see. 
Ty'phiis.* [From tu$of, a “heavy 
stupor.”] A kind of continued fever, 
attended with great prostration of the 
nervous and vascular systems, with a 
tendency to putrefaction in the fluids, 
and vitiation of the secretions; putrid 
fever. A genus of the order Febres, class 
Pyrexite, of Cullen's Nosology. 
Ty'pirns Car'ee-rum.® (“Typhus 
of Prisons.”) The jail-fever, a name 
for Typhus gravior; also called Febris 
ca fee nun (“lever of prisons”). 
Ty'plans Cas-tren 'sis.*- (“Camp 
Typhus.”) A name for Typhus gravior; 
otherwise called Febris castrensis, or 
“camp fever.” These names, however, 
must be understood to refer to European 
armies. Typhus, in its unmixed charac- 
ter, has seldom, if ever, made its ap- 
pearance in the armies of the United 
States. 
Ty'plsus Gra'vl-or.® (“Severer 
Typhus.”) The malignant form of ty- 
phus; also called, according to circum- 
stances, Febris earcerum, and Febris cas- 
trensis. See the two preceding articles. 
Ty'plans 33it'ior* (mish'e-or). 
579 TYP 
ULN 
(“Milder Typhus.”) The milder form 
of typhus, or low fever; slow fever; 
also called Febris lento, (“slow fever”), 
Febris nervosa (“nervous fever”). 
Ty'phus Ner-vo'sus.® (“Nervous 
Typhus.”) A name for Typhus mitior; 
Febris nervosa. 
Ty'phus Pe*te-chl-a'lls® (“Pete- 
chial Typhus”), or typhus with purple 
spots, a name for Typhus gravior; called 
also Febris petecliialis (“petechial 
fever”). 
Typ'I-cal, or Typ 'ic. [From ty'pus, 
a “type.”] Representing the type, or 
plan ; figurative; representative. 
[Typogruphia; 
from tvtto;, a “type,” and ypcujxo, to 
“write.”] The art of printing. 
Typ'o-lite. [Typol'ithus; from 
ty'pus, a “type,” and Aifloj, a “stone.”] 
A stone with impressions of organic, 
vegetable, or animal bodies: a typolith. 
Ty'pus.® [From rOnrco, to “strike,” 
or “stamp.”] Literally, a “mould,” or 
“pattern.” Applied to the form, order, 
and progress of fevers, etc.: a type. 
Tyr-e-i'na.* [From i-npds, “cheese.”] 
The same as Casein, which see. 
Ty-rem'e-sis [from rupdj, “cheese,” 
and egccrif, a “vomiting”] Infan'tium® 
(in-fan'she-um). The caseous vomiting 
of infants. 
Tyr'o-sme. [Tyrosi'na; from rvp<%, 
“cheese.”] The essential ingredient of 
cheese. See Casein. 
Ty-so'nl <»laii'du-lse.* (“ Tyson’s 
Glandules.”) The Glandulse odoriferse, 
small sebaceous glands around the co- 
rona glandis of the penis, and on the 
labia pudendi and nymphee. 
u. 
U-laein-or-rha'£i-a.* [From ooftod, 
the “gum,” and hfemorrha'gia.] Bleed- 
ing from the gums. 
U-la-tro'phi-a.® [From ov\ov, the 
“gum,” and atro'phia, “atrophy.”] 
Wasting or shrinking away of the gums. 
[Ul'cus, eris.] A solution 
of continuity in any soft parts by ul- 
ceration on some internal or external 
surface. 
Ul'ce-rat-ed. [Ulcera'tus; from 
ul'cus, an “ ulcer.”] Affected with ulcers; 
having ulcers. 
Ul-ce-ra'tion. [Ulcera'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The formation of an 
ulcer; or that process by which ulcers are 
formed, consisting in the old particles of 
the textures affected being taken up by 
the absorbents more rapidly than new 
particles are supplied by the secerning 
arteries. 
Ul'ce-ra-tlve. [Ulcerati'vus; from 
the same.] Pertaining to or causing 
ulceration. 
Ul'cer-ous. [Ulcero'sus; from 
ul'cus, ul'ceris, an “ulcer.”] Having 
ulcers; of the nature of an ulcer. 
Ul'cus,* gen. A Latin 
term signifying an “ulcer.” 
U-li&'i-uous, or U-lig'I-nose. 
[Uliginosus: from j di! go, ulig'inis, 
“ moisture of the earth.”] Oozy or slimy ; 
also, growing or living in moist and 
marshy meadows. 
U-li'tis, ir l is.* [From ov\oi', the 
“gum.”] Inflammation of the gums. 
Ulmacese,* ul-ma'she-e. A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
natives of Europe, Asia, and North 
America. It includes the Ul'mua (Elm) 
and other timber-trees. 
ITI'mic. [Ul'iuieus; from ul'mua, 
the “elm.”] Belonging to the elm. 
Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
Ul’min. [From the same.] A pecu- 
liar vegetable principle which exudes 
spontaneously from the trunk of a spe- 
cies of elm, supposed to be the Utmus 
nigra. 
Ul'mus.* (Fr. Orme, oitm.) A Lin- 
mean genus of the class Pentandria, natu- 
ral order Ulmacese. Also, the Pharma- 
copoeial name (Br. Ph.) for the inner bark 
of Ulmits campestris; but according to 
the United States Pharmacopoeia, the 
inner bark of TJlmus fulva. 
ITl'inus Cam-pes'trls.* (“Elm of 
the Open Fields.”) A species of Euro- 
pean elm, the bark of which is used as a 
demulcent, and sometimes as a tonic, 
astringent, and diuretic. 
Ul'na.* [From <l>\cr>j, the “elbow,” 
also, the “arm.”] The larger bone of 
the forearm; also termed cubitus. 
Ulnar. [Ulna'ris; from ul'na.] 
Belonging to the ulna or cubit; used by 
Dr. Barclay as meaning towards the ulna. 
Ul-na'ris.® The name of two mus- 
cles of the forearm :—1. A flexor muscle, 
arising from the inner condyle of the os 
humeri and inserted into the pisiform 
bone. 2. An extensor muscle, arising ULO 
UND 
from the outer condyle of the os humeri 
and inserted into the little finger. 
U*Io-car-£i-no'nsa, at/*.® [From 
ovXoj, the “gum,” and carcino'ma, “can- 
cer.”] Cancer of the gums or alveoli. 
1-loiicus.® [From ov\ov, the “gum,” 
and oyicos, a “ tumor.”] A tumor or 
swelling of the gum. 
U-lor-rha'gl-a.® [From ovXov, the 
“gum,” and pfryv/ju, to “burst forth. "] 
A sudden discharge of blood from the 
gums. 
U-lor-rhoe'a.* [From ovXor, the 
“gum,” and pirn, to “flow.”] An oozing 
(of blood) from the gums. 
Urtl-mate. [From ul'timus, “last,” 
or “utmost;” the superlative degree of 
ul'tra, “ beyond.”] The last, or farthest; 
extreme. See next article. 
Ul'ti-mate A-nal'y-sis. A term 
applied in Chemistry to the resolution 
of substances into their absolute or sim- 
ple elements, and opposed to proximate 
analysis, by which they are merely re- 
solved into secondary compounds. 
Ul'timate El'e-meiits, or Ul'ti- 
mate Prin'ci-ples. Those which 
compose proximate principles; in other 
words, the last to which we can trace the 
constitution of substances. See Ulti- 
mate Analysis, and Proximate Princi- 
ples. 
Ul-tra-marine (-ma-reen'). [From 
ul'tra, “beyond,” and ma're, the “sea;” 
implying that its color surpasses the 
deep blue of the sea.] A blue powder or 
pigment obtained from the lapis lazuli, 
and highly prized for the beauty and 
permanence of its color. 
-ii In**, -ula, and -ilium. Latin 
terminals denoting diminutives. Com- 
pare Tubulus, Spicula, and Animal- 
culum. 
Umb. Umbili'cus.* The “navel.” 
Um'bel, or Um-bel'la.® [Diminu- 
tive of um'bra, a “ shade.”] An umbrella- 
shaped inflorescence in which several 
flower-stalks arise from the same appa- 
rent point, so as to resemble the rays of 
an umbrella, as in the Milkweed, Parsley, 
etc. 
Um'bel-late. [From umbel'la, an 
“umbel.”] Bearing or having umbels. 
Um'bel-let. [From the same.] A 
secondary or partial umbel. 
Um-bel-1 if 'e-r®e.* [See next article.] 
A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, found mostly in temperate or cold 
zlimates, and named from the mode of 
inflorescence. Some are esculent, as pars- 
nip and celery; many produce aromatic 
seeds, as coriander and caraway. The 
hemlock (Cicuta) and others are poison 
ous. Among the products of this ordei 
is Assa/oetida. 
Um-bel-lif 'er-ous. [Umbellif'* 
erus; from umbel'la, an “umbel,” and 
fe'ro, to “Jiear.”] Bearing umbels. See 
Umbellieeuao. 
Um-bel'Iu-Ia.* [Diminutive of um- 
bel' la, an “umbel.”] A little or partial 
umbel; an umbellule. 
Um'ber. [Probably from Ovi'bria, 
where it was obtained.] A brown clay 
iron-ore, used as a pigment. 
Um-bll'I-cal. [Uinbilica'lis.] Per- 
taining to the umbilicus. 
lilibi] ical Cord. (Fii'nis Um- 
biliea'lls.] The navel-string. 
l iitbil ical lie gitm. [Mesogas'- 
triuni.] That portion of the abdomen 
two or three inches above, below, and 
cii each side of the umbilicus. 
Umbilical Vesicle. See Blasto- 
derm ic Vesicle. 
Cm-bil'I-eate. [Umbilica'tns; 
from umbili'cus, the “navel.”] Dim- 
pled; depressed in the centre like the 
navel. Applied to parts of plants. 
Um-bl-li'cus.® See Preface, page 
ix.) [From o/nfaXocoj, “pertaining to 
the navel”?] (Fr. Nombril, n6M"bu&'.) 
The navel. In Botany, the hilum of a 
seed. 
Um'bo-nate. [From um'bo, the “boss 
of a shield.”] Bearing an boss, or 
central projection. 
Um-brac'u-ll-form. [From um- 
brac'ulum, a “parasol.”] Umbrella- 
shaped. Applied to plants. 
U-na-bran'cbi-us.® [From u'nvs, 
“one only,” and branchise.] Having 
branchite only on one side of the body. 
Un'cl-a.® An ounce; a weight con- 
taining eight drachms. In Troy weight, 
as well as in apothecaries’ weight, the 
twelfth part of a pound. 
Un'cl-form, or Un'ci-unte. [Un- 
cina'tus; from un'cus, a “hook.”] 
Hooked ; shaped like a hook. 
Uncinate. See Unciform. 
Un'date. The same as Undulate, 
which see. 
Undershrub. See Suffrutex. 
Un'dn-Iate, or Un'du-lat-ed. 
[Undula'tus; from un'dula, a “little 
wave.”] Waved or wavy; having a mar- 
gin alternately concave and convex. 
Un'du-la-to-ry The'o-ry. In Op- 
tics, the theory which maintains that the 
impression of light is conveyed to the 
eye by the vibrations or undulations of 
581 UNE 
of Mercury.”) Take of red oxide of 
mercury, in very fine powder, sixty 
grains, ointment of lard, a troyounce. 
Add the oxide of mercury to the oint- 
ment previously softened with a gentle 
heat, and thoroughly mix them. 
Pngnen'tum I-o-din'I-i.* (“ Oint- 
ment of Iodine.”) Take of iodine, 
twenty grains, iodide of potassium, four 
grains, water, six minims, lard, a troy- 
ounce. Rub the iodine and iodide of 
potassium first with the water, and then 
wiih the lard, until they arc thoroughly 
mixed. 
Unguen'tum lodin'ii Coni-po*'I- 
tum* (“Compound Ointment of 
Iodine.”) Take of iodine, fifteen grains, 
iodide of potassium, thirty grains, water, 
thirty minims, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
the iodine and iodide of potassium first 
with the water, and then with the lard, 
until they are thoroughly mixed. 
I»i'cis Biqni-dse* 
(“Ointment of Tar”), or Tar Ointment. 
Take of tar and suet, each twelve troy- 
ounces. Mix the tar with the suet pre- 
viously melted with a moderate heat, 
and, having strained the mixture through 
muslin, stir it constantly while cool- 
ing- 
Ungnen'tnm IMtim'hi t’ar-bo- 
na'tis.* (“Ointment of Carbonate 
of Lead.”) Take of carbonate of lead, 
in very fine powder, eighty grains, oint- 
ment of lard, a troyounce. Add the 
carbonate of lead to the ointment pre- 
viously softened with a gentle heat, and 
thoroughly mix them. 
Ungiien'tum Potas’sii (po-tash'e-i) 
I-od'I-di.* (“Ointment of Iodide of 
Potassium.”) Take of iodide of potas- 
sium, in fine powder, sixty grains, water, 
a fluidrachm. lard, a troyounce. Dis- 
olve the iodide of potassium in the 
water, and mix the solution with the 
lard. 
rngucntnm Sulplui-ris.* 
(“ Ointment of Sulphur.”) Take of sub- 
limed sulphur, a troyounoe, lard, two 
troyounces. Mix them. 
Ungnen'tum Sulphuris I-od'I- 
<11.* (“Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur.”) 
Take of iodide of sulphur, thirty grains, 
lard, a troyounce. Rub the iodide of 
sulphur, first reduced to a fine powder, 
with a little of the lard, then add the 
remainder, and thoroughly mix them. 
I’uguen'tum Ve-ra'tri-a-.* (“ Oint- 
ment of Veratria.”) Take of veratria, 
twenty grains, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
the veratria with a little of the lard, 
UNG 
a very subtle and elastic fluid, or ether, 
which pervades all space and penetrates 
all substances, and to which the lumi- 
nous body gives an impulse, which is 
propagated with inconceivable rapidity, 
as sound is conveyed through the air. 
Un-e'quaI-ly-I»in'nate. .The same 
as Imp art-Pinnate, which see. 
Urns’. = Unguen'tnm.* “Ointment.” 
lln'guent. i I ngucn tsiin: from 
nn'guo, to “anoint.”] (Fr. Onguent, 
i>N°'goN0'.) An ointment or preparation 
usually of the consistence of butter; a 
salve. 
rn-guen'tnm Tan'ni-ci.* 
(“Ointment of Tannic Acid.”) Take of 
tannic acid, thirty grains, water, half a 
fluidrachm, lard, a troyounce. Rub the 
acid first with the water, and then wilh 
the lard, until they are thoroughly 
mixed, avoiding the use of an iron 
spatula. 
(ingiien'tiim Ad'i-pis* (“Ointment 
of Lard”), I’nguen'tnm Saan'plex,* 
1850 (“Simple Ointment”). Take of 
lard, eight troyounces, white wax, two 
troyounces. Melt them together with a 
moderate heat, and stir the mixture con- 
stantly while cooling. 
Unguen'tum An- tf-mo'ni-i.* 
(“Ointment of Antimony.”) Take of 
tartrate of antimony and potassa, in 
very fine powder, one hundred and 
twenty grains, lard, a troyounce. Rub 
the powder with a little of the lard, then 
add the remainder and thoroughly mix 
them. 
IT ngnen'tiim Bel-la-don'nav* 
(“Ointment of Belladonna.”) Take of 
extract of belladonna, sixty grains, 
water, half a fluidrachm, lard, a troy- 
ounce. Rub the extract first with the 
water until rendered uniformly soft, 
then with the lard, and thoroughly mix 
them. 
Ung’uen'tum C're-a-so'ti.* (“Oint- 
ment of Creasote.”) Take of creasote, 
half a fluidrachm, lard, a troyounce. Mix 
them. 
Unguen'tnm G-al'lse.* (“Oint- 
ment of Nutgall.”) Take of nutgall, 
in fine powder, a troyounce, lard, seven 
ounces. Mix them. 
U ngnen' tinn Hy-d rar'gy-ri .* 
(“Ointment of Mercury.”) The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for an ointment pre- 
pared by rubbing mercury with a mixture 
of equal parts of suet and lard until the 
globules can no longer be seen. 
Ungnen'tum Hydrar'gyri Ox'I- 
«U Ru'bri.* (“ Ointment of Red Oxide 
582 UNG 
UHA 
then add the remainder, and thoroughly 
mix them. 
Unguen’tum Znn'fi Ox I-di. 
(“Ointment of Oxide of Zinc.”) Take 
of oxide of zinc, eighty grains, lard, a 
troyounce. Mix them. 
Un-s'jiic-u-Ia'ta.* [From Unguic'- 
ulus, which see.] A primary division 
of the class Mammalia, including those 
animals which have the digits armed 
with claws, but free for the exercise of 
touch upon their under-surface, as the 
cat. bear, and elephant. 
Un-g-uic'u-late. [Ungnicula'tus; 
from the same.] Having or resembling 
claws; clawed. Applied to petals. 
Uii-£»iic'u-Ius.* [Diminutive of 
un'yuis, a “nail,” or “claw.”] A little 
or young nail or claw. 
[Ungiiina'lis; from 
un'yuis, a “nail,” or “claw.”] Belong- 
ing to the nails, or to claws or talons. 
Un'guis.* [Gr. ; Fr. Ongle, 6Ngl.] 
The nail of a finger or toe; also applied 
to the talons or claws of birds, to the 
claws of certain Crustaceer, etc. In Bot- 
any, the narrow part of tho petal of 
a polypetalous corolla. In Surgery, a col- 
lection of pus in the eye. 
Unguis Os.® (“Nail-Bone.”) The 
name of a small, very thin, and semi- 
transparent bone at the inner side of the 
orbit of the eye. 
Un-gu-la'ta,® or Un'gu-lates. 
[From un'ynla, a “hoof.”] A primary 
division of the class Mammalia, includ- 
ing those species xvhich have the digits 
enclosed in hoofs, the under-surface not 
being left free for the exercise of touch, 
as the horse and ox. 
Un'gu-late. [Ungula'tus; from 
the same.] Having hoofs. 
Ungulates. See Ungulata. 
U-nl-cel'lu-lar. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and eel'la, or eel'Inlet, a “cell.”] One- 
celled. 
U-nl-flo-rig'cr-us.® [From u'nus, 
“one,” flos, a “flower,” and ye'ro, to 
“carry.”] The same as IIniplorous, 
which see. 
U-nl-flo'roHS. [Unillo'rus; from 
u'nus. “one,” and flos, a “flower.”] 
Bearing one flower; one-flowered. 
U-iii-fo'lI-ate, or U-ni-lb'li-ous. 
[Unifo'lius; from u'nus. “one,” and 
fo'limn, a “leaf.”] Having one leaf; 
jne-leaved. 
U-ni-Ia'bl-ate. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and la'himn, a “lip.”] One-lipped. Ap- 
plied to flowers. 
U-nl-lat ’ e-ral. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and la'tus, lat'eris, a “side.”] One- 
sided. 
U-iii-loc'ii-lar. [Unilocula'ris; 
from u'nus, “one,” and loc'ulus, a 
“cell.”] Having only one cell; one- 
celled. 
U-nl-ner'vate. [From u'nus, “ one,” 
and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] One-nerved. 
Applied to leaves. 
Union by First Intention. See 
First Intention. 
Union by Second Intention. See 
Second Intention. 
U-nip'a-rous. [Unip'arus: from 
u'nus, “one,” and pa'rio, to “bring 
forth.”] Producing only one at a birth. 
U-nl-pot'a-loiis. [From u'nus, 
“one,” and pet'alum, a “petal.”] Hav- 
ing only one petal. 
U-ni-se'rl-al. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and se'ries, a “ row.”] In one horizon- 
tal row or whorl. Applied to parts of 
plants. 
U-nl-se'ri-ate. The same as Unise- 
rial, which see. 
U-ni-sex'u-al. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and sex'us, “sex.”] Applied to a flower 
having stamens only or pistils only. 
U'ni-vftlve. [From u'nus, “one,” 
and val'ua, a “valve.”] Having only 
one valve. Applied to pericarps, and to 
those Mollusks the shell of which is com- 
posed of a single piece, and is generally 
convoluted spirally, as the Valuta. 
Unnamed Bones. See Ossa Inno- 
M1NATA. 
U'pas. A name given in Java to 
several deadly poisons, the most remark- 
able of which are the Bohun upas and 
Upas tieute. See Bohun Upas. 
U'pas Tieu'W (te-u't&). A poison, the 
product of the Strychnos tieuti, which 
owes its deadly power to strychnia. 
U'ra-clnis.® [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and £\in, to “ have,” or “ contain;” because 
it was formerly supposed that in the 
foetus it was a passage for the urine.] A 
fibrous canal or cord which extends from 
the bladder to the umbilicus. 
U-ra-cra'sI-a.® [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and dspaaia, “ill temperature.”] A bad 
quality of the urine. 
U-ra-cra'ti-a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and iiKparia, “ debility.”] The same as 
Enuresis, which see. 
U-rse'mi-a.* [From ure'a, a con- 
stituent of urine, and alya, “blood.”] 
The presence of urea, or urine, in the 
blood. 
U-ra-nis-eo-plas'tl-ce.* [From ura- 
nis'eus, the “palate,” and TrXrWw, to 
583 UR A 
URG 
“form.”] The (artificial) formation of 
a palate. 
U-ra-n is-cor-rlia'phl-a.* [From 
uranis’eus, the “palate,” and pupfi, a 
“seam.”] Suture of the palate. 
U'ra-nlte. A beautiful crystalline 
mineral composed chiefly of the phos- 
phate of uranium, combined with the 
phosphate of lime or copper. 
U-rani-uni.® [From the planet 
U'ranus, discovered about the same time 
with the metal.] A gray, brittle metal 
found in uranite. Its specific gravity is 
about 9. 
HT-ra-iiog-'ra-pli.V, or Ou-ra-nog'- 
ra-ptiy. [Uranog'ra'pliia; from 
ovparos, “heaven,” and y/G'/*o, to “ write.”] 
A description of the heavens and hea- 
venly bodies. 
U-rswiol’o-gy. [ITranolo'gia; from 
ohpavog, “heaven,” and X'iyoj, a “dis- 
course.”] A treatise on the heavens, or 
the science of the heavenly bodies. 
U-rftr'in. [tlrari'na.] An organic 
alkali found in urari, a poison with which 
the savages of America empoison the iron 
points of their arrows. See Curare. 
U'rate. [U'ras, a’tis.] A combina- 
tion of uric or lithic acid with a base. 
Ur'ce-I-form. [Urceifor'mis; from 
ur'ceus, a “pitcher.”] Formed like a 
pitcher. 
Ur-ce-o-la'ris.s The same as Urceo- 
late, which see. 
Ur’ce-o-lato. [Urceola'tus; from 
urce'olus, a “little pitcher.”] Pitcher- 
shaped, or urn-shaped, i.e. hollow and 
contracted at the mouth. Applied to a 
form of monopetalous corolla, as that of 
the Heath. 
Ur-ee-o-lif'er-ous. [Urceolif'c- 
rus; from urce'olus, a “little pitcher,” 
and fe'ro, to “bear.”] Having calyces 
like little goblets. 
U-re'a.® [From uri'na, “urine.”] A 
principal constituent of the urine. It is 
a hydrated cyanate of ammonia, com- 
posed of two equivalents each of oxygen, 
nitrogen, and carbon, united to four of 
hydrogen. It is a white, transparent, 
crvstallizablo solid. 
U-re'tlo, d'/wis.® [From u'ro, to 
“burn.”] An itching or burning sensa- 
tion of the skin which accompanies many 
diseases. Also applied to urticaria, or 
nettle-rash. 
IT-re'isi-usn.* Synonymous with 
Urea, which see. 
U-re'sis.® [From ovpeco, to “void 
urine.”] Micturition, or the act of pass- 
ing urine. 
■flrot. [-nre'tinn.] A terminal de- 
noting combination of simple inflam- 
mable bodies with each other, or with 
metals. 
U-re'ter, c'ris.* [From oipew, to “ pass 
urine.”] The membranous tube through 
which the urine is conveyed from the 
kidney to the urinary bladder. 
l-re-te-riilgl-n.* [From ure'ter, 
and uXyoj, “pain.”] Pa:n in the ureter. 
U-rc-te-ri'tis, 1 die.* [From ure'ter.] 
Inflammation of the ureter. 
U-re'tlira.® [From ovpLo>, to “ pass 
urine.”] The membranous canal com- 
municating between the neek of the 
bladder and the external surface, and 
passing in the male through the entire 
length of the penis. The female urethra 
does not exceed two inches in length, 
and the passage is considerably larger 
than that of the male. 
U-re'thral. [Urethra'lis.] Belong- 
ing to the urethra. 
U-re-til ral [From ure'thra, 
and aXyoj, “pain.”] Pain in the urethra: 
urethralgy. 
U-re-thri'tis, 1 dit.* [From ure'- 
thra.] Inflammation in the urethra. 
Uretliri'tis \e-nere-a.® (“Vene- 
real Inflammation of the Urethra.”) A 
term for gonorrhoea. 
l-ret li-ro-plast i<*. [Urethro- 
plas ticiis.] Belonging to urethro- 
plasty. 
U-reth-ro-plas'ty. [From ure'thra, 
and nhwau), to “form.”] An operation 
by which a new urethra is said to have 
been formed by Ricord in the male: 
applicable to the repair of any lesion of 
the urethra by supplying the deficiency 
from the healthy parts. 
Ti-retli-ror-rlia'gi-a.* [From ure'- 
thra, and phyvvpi, to “burst forth.”] Sud- 
den discharge (of blood) from the ure- 
thra. 
U-reth-ror-rSioe'a.* [From ure'thra, 
and poo, to “flow.”] A flow, as of mucus, 
pus, semen, etc., from the urethra. 
U-re-throt 'o-iny. [Urethroto'- 
mia; from ure'thra, and rtprey, to “cut.”] 
The division, by a cutting instrument, 
of urethral stricture. 
U-ret'I-ca.® [From ovpov, “urine.”] 
Medicines which promote a discharge of 
urine. 
U-ret'I-cus.* [From the same.] 
Diuretic. 
Ur-gin'e-aSpl’la.* The systematic 
name, according to the British Pharma- 
copoeia, of the plant which produces the 
squill. 
584 UR I 
URO 
U'ric. [U'ricus; from ovpo •, “urine.”] 
Belonging to the urine. Applied to an 
acid, otherwise called Lithic acid, ob- 
tained from urine. See Calculi, Uri- 
nary. 
U-rl-dro'sis.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and tipi:g, “sweat.”] Urinous sweat. 
Uriiiae, Ardor. See Ardor Uri- 
nal 
U'rl-nal. [From uri’na, “urine.”] 
A vessel to receive urine. 
i ri-aa-rj . [Urina'rius; from the 
same.] Relating to the urine. 
XJ'rinary Blad der. [Lat. Vesica 
Urina'ria; Fr. Vessie, vAsA.] A mem- 
branous bag immediately behind the 
symphysis pubis, of a flattened, triangu- 
lar form when contracted, of an oval 
figure when distended, composed of four 
coats,—the peritoneal, muscular, cellular, 
and mucous; the serous being but par- 
tial. 
Urinary Calculi. See Calculi, 
Urinary. 
IT'rl-na'tion. [Urina'lio, o'nis; 
from uri'na, “urine.”] The act of pass- 
ing urine. 
U'rine. [Lat. Uri'na; Gr. ovpov.] 
The saline secretion of the kidneys 
which flows from them through the ure- 
ters into the urinary bladder. 
Urine, Billion It Discharge of. 
See Dysuria. 
U'rine, In-con'tl-nence of. In- 
ability to retain the urine. See Enu- 
resis. 
U'rine, Re-ten'tion of. Inability 
to pass urine. See Ischuria. 
Urine, Suppression of. See Is- 
churia. 
U-ri-nif'er-ous. [Urinif'erus; 
from uri'na, “urine,” and fe'ro, to 
“bear.”] Bearing, or conveying, urine. 
U-ri-nol'o-gy. The same as Urol- 
ogy, which see. 
U'rl-nous, or U-ri-nosc'. [Urino'- 
sus; from uri'na, “urine.”] Relating 
to urine, or like urine. 
Ur-nig'er-ous. [UrnigV rus; from 
ur'na, an “urn,” and ge'ro, .0 “bear.”] 
Bearing capsules like urns. 
U'ro-cele.- [From ovpov, “urine,” and 
KfjXri, a “tumor.”] Urinous oedema of the 
scrotum. 
U-roeh'e-ras.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and xcpcts, “sand.”] The sand, or sedi- 
ment, of the urine. 
idis.% [From ovpov, 
‘‘urine,” and kvotis, a “bag.”] The 
urinary bladder. 
U-ro-£ys-ti'tis, iffa's.* [From urocys'- 
fa's.] Inflammation of the urinary blad- 
der. 
U-ro-dI-al-y-sis.s [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and StdXvats, a “dissolution,” or 
“cessation.”] A cessation of the secre- 
tion of urine. 
U-ro-do'chi-um.* [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and isxupai, to “receive.”] Tho 
same as Urinal, whieh see. 
U-ro-dy 11'i-a.* [From ovpov, ‘'urine,” 
and 6&vvr), “pain.”] Pain during the 
passing of urine. 
U-ree-de'ma, a fa's.* [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and olSripa, a “swelling.”] 
Urinous swelling. 
U-ro-er-yih'rin. [Uroerytliri'na; 
from ovpov, “urine,” and ipvdpoj, “red.”] 
A dark-red precipitate deposited by tho 
urine. 
U-ro-£en'i-tal. [Urogenita'lis.] 
Pertaining to the urinary and genital 
apparatus. 
U-ro-hy'al. [Urohya'lis; from ovpd, 
a “tail,” ,and hyoi'des, “hyoid.”] Ap- 
plied by Professor Owen to a long, slender, 
and pointed bone, articulated with the 
posterior end of the basihyal. 
U-ro-lItli'ic. [Urolith'icus; from 
urol'ithus.] Belonging to urinary calcu- 
lus. Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
U-rol'I-tbns.® [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and XtOos, a “ stone.”] A urinary calculus: 
a u'rolith. 
U-ro-log'I-cal. [Urolog'icus.] Be- 
longing to urology. 
U-rol'o-gy. [Urolo'gia; from ovpov, 
the “urine,” and Adyos, a “discourse.”] 
The science of the urine, or a considera- 
tion of its secretion, nature, etc. 
U-ro-man-ti'a.* [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and pavrua, “divination.”] 
Prognostication from inspection of the 
urine. See Uroscopia. 
U-ro-pla'ni-a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and i:\dvr], “wandering.”] Literally, “a 
wandering of the urine.” A secretion of 
urine in other parts than the proper 
urinary organs. 
U-ro-po-e'sis.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and iroico), to “make.”] Secretion of the 
urine. 
U-rop-sam'mus.* [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and tpdppo;, “sand.”] Sand, or 
sediment, of the urine. See Urocheras. 
U-ror-rha'&I-a.* [From ov/ov, 
“urine,” and pnywpt, to “burst forth.”] 
An excessive flow of urine; diabetes. 
U-ror-rhoe'a.* [From ovpov, “urine,” 
and ptio, to “flow.”] An involuntary dis- 
charge of urine; enuresis. Also applied 
to diabetes. 
585 URO 
UTR 
U-ror-rlior-rhee'a.* [From ovpov, 
“urine,” and orrhorrhoe'a, a “flow of 
serum.”] Excretion of serum (or albu- 
men) with the urine, or albuminous urine, 
constituting the Morbus Brightii. 
U-ros’ehe-o-yehv*' [From ovpov, 
“ urine,” and os'cheocele, a “tumor of the 
scrotum.”] The same as Urocele, 
which see. 
U-ro-sco'pI-a.* [From ovpov, the 
“urine,” and osorreu), to “examine.”] In- 
spection of the urine, as a means of 
diagnosis. 
U-ro'seS.* [From ovpov, “urine.”] 
Diseases of the urinary apparatus. 
U-ros'te-a-lith. [Urostcal'ithus, 
from ovpov, “urine,” areap, “fat,” and Ai'Oof, 
a “stone.”] A fatty constituent of 
urinary calculi. 
U'rous. [Uro'sus.] Belonging to 
the urine. Applied to an oxide, or sub- 
stance forming a rare ingredient in 
vesical calculi. 
Urticaeea?,* ur-te-ka'she-e. A natu- 
ral order of exogenous plants, widely 
dispersed over the world, in hot and cold 
climates. Among them is the Urti'ca 
(Nettle). Excessive causticity in their 
juice is their chief characteristic. This 
order once included hemp, the hop-vine, 
the fig, mulberry, bread-fruit, etc., which 
are now arranged under new orders, 
Gannabinaeem, Moracese, and Artocarpa- 
cese. 
Ur-ti'ca IM-oi'ca* or His'pl-da.* 
(Fr. Ortie, ou'tA.) The systematic name 
of the nettle, a plant of the Linnman 
class Moneecia, natural order Urticacese. 
Ur-tl-ea'rl-a.® [From Urti'ca, a 
“nettle.”] The nettle-rash. An ex- 
anthematous fever characterized by an 
eruption like the elevations produced on 
the skin by the sting of a nettle. A genus 
of the order Exanthemata, class Pi/rexise, 
of Cullen's Nosology. See Uredo. 
Ur-tl-ea'tlon. [Urtica'tio, o’nis; 
from the same.] The whipping of a part, 
as a paralytic limb, with nettles, with the 
view of restoring sensation. 
Us'ne-a.* The Li’chen saxat'ilis. A 
kind of moss or lichen, particularly that 
adhering to the human skull when ex- 
posed to the air in damp places. See 
next article. 
Us'nea Ura'ni-i Ilu-nia'ni.* (“Us- 
nea of the Human Skull.”) A plant 
formerly believed to possess extraordi- 
nary anti-epileptic and anti-haemorrhagic 
virtues. 
Usquebaugh, us-kwe-baw'. The 
Irish name for whiskey. 
Us'tion. [Us'tio, o'nig; from u'n 
us'tnm, to “ burn.”] A burning. Foi 
merly used for Incineration; also, fo 
Combustion. In Surgery, employed fo 
Cauterization. 
Us'tus.* [From the same.] Burnt 
The same as calcined, or dried by fire. 
U'te-ri,® the genitive of u'terus, sig 
nifying “of the womb:” e.g. Cer'via 
U'tcri, the “neck [or narrow part] of th( 
womb;” lietrover'sio U'teri, the “retro- 
version of the womb,” etc. 
U'ter-ine. [Uteri'mi*.] Belong- 
ing to the uterus. 
Uterine Gestation. See Utero- 
Gestation. 
Uterine Msulnes*. See Furor Ute- 
rinus, and Nymphomania. 
U-te-ri'tisT idig.* [From u'terus.] 
Inflammation of the womb; also called 
Metritis and Hysteritis. 
U'te-ro-Cies-tfi'tion. The period of 
pregnancy commencing with conception 
and terminating with delivery. 
l -te-rol o-my. [Uteroto'mia; from 
u'terus, and repvco, to “ cut.”] The cut- 
ting into the uterus, as when the lips 
have become united by adhesive inflam- 
mation. See Hysterotomy. 
U'te-rus,® genitive U'te-ri, accusa- 
tive U'ter-um, ablative U'ter-o. [From 
u'ter, a “bottle of skin or leather.”] (Gr. 
WTtpa and prirpa; Fr. Matrice, 
[from the Latin Ma'trix], or Sein, saN0'.) 
The womb; a hollow muscular organ 
designed for the lodgment and nourish- 
ment of the foetus from the moment of 
conception until birth. In its ordinary 
condition, it is a compact fleshy body, 
about three inches in length, two inches 
in its greatest breadth, shaped somewhat 
like a flattened pear, the narrower por- 
tion being below. The upper or broader 
part is termed the fundus, the contracted 
portion is called the cervix or neck, and 
the external orifice, communicating with 
the vagina, the os tincte or os uteri. At 
the superior angles, it sends off the Fal- 
lopian tubes, which, when conception 
takes place, receive the ovule or ovules 
from the ovary and convey them to the 
uterus. 
U'terus, In-ver'sion of the. [In- 
ver'sio U’teri.] The state of the 
womb being turned inside out, caused 
by violently drawing away the placenta 
before it is detached by the natural pro- 
cess of labor. 
Uterus, Retroversion of. See 
Retrovbrsio Uteri. 
U'trl-cle. [Utric'ulus, or Uter'- 
586 UTR 
VAG 
culns; diminutive of u'ter, a “bottle.”] 
A minute cell or vesicle; also, a small, 
bladdery fruit. 
U-tric'u-lar. [Utricula'ris.] Be- 
longing to, or like, a utricle; bladder- 
like. 
U-tric'u-late. [Utricnla'tns; from 
utric'ulus, a “utricle.”] Having utri- 
cles. 
U-tric'11-li-form. [Utrieulifor'- 
tnis; from utric'ulus, a “utricle.”] Hav- 
ing the form of a utricle; shaped like a 
little bottle. 
I’-tric'u-Iosc, or I'-tric'u-lons. 
[Utrieulo'sus; from utric'ulus, a “utri- 
cle.”] Having or bearing utricles. Ap- 
plied to plants. 
IJ'trl-forni. [Utrifor'mis; from 
u’ter, a “bladder” or “bottle.”] Having 
the form of a bottle. 
U-trig'cr-ous. [rtrig'crus; from 
u’ter, a “bladder” or “bottle,” and ge’ro, 
to “bear.”] Bearing objects like bot- 
tles. 
U'va.* A “grape.” The Pharmaco- 
poeial name (Lond. Ph.) for the dried 
fruit of the Vitis vini/era; the raisin. 
U'va Pas'sa* (“Dried Grape”), or 
U'vse Pas'sse* (“Dried Grapes”). The 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph. and Ed. 
Ph.) for the raisin. See Uva. 
U'va Ur'si.® The Pharni.acopceial 
name for the leaves of A rctostaphylos 
Uva Ursi. It is astringent and tonic, 
and has been extolled as an antilithic. 
U’vc-a,® or Tu'ni-ca U'vea.® 
(“ Grape-like Tunic.”) [From u'va, a 
“grape.”] Hhe posterior surface of the 
iris of the eye, supposed to resemble the 
skin of a grape. 
U-ve-i'tis. id is* [From u'vea.] In- 
flammation of the uvea. 
U-vif'er-ous. [ Uviff'erns; from 
u'va, a “grape,” or “raisin,” and fe'ro, 
to “beau.”] Bearing fruits like the 
grape. 
U'vi-form. [Uvifor'ntis; from u'va, 
a “ grape.”] Shaped like a grape. 
U'vii-la.® [Diminutive of u'va, a 
“grape.”J The small fleshy body hang- 
ing from the velum pendulum palati, 
above the root of the tongue. It is 
sometimes of a preternatural length, in- 
terfering with the functions of the voice, 
and producing a tendency to cough. In 
these cases amputation may become 
necessary. 
Vvula Ve-siA‘.e.® (“Uvula of the 
Bladder.”) The small eminence form- 
ing the apex of the trigone. 
U'vu-lar. [Uvula'ris.] Belonging 
to the uvula. 
Y. 
Vac-ci'na.® [From vae'ea, a “cow.”] 
Cow-pox; also called Vari'ola vacci'na. 
A disease originating in the cow, with 
which, if the human body be inoculated, 
it is preserved from the contagion of 
small-pox. 
Yac-cl-na'tioii. [Vacclna'tio, 
o'hi*/ from vae'ea, a “cow.”] The 
minor operation of inserting matter for 
the production of vaccina, or cow-pox. 
Vaccinia. See Vaccina. 
Vacc i n iaceav® vak-sin-e-a'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous plants 
(shrubs or trees), which abound in the 
temperate parts of the world. It in- 
cludes the Vaecin'ium (Whortleberry), 
and Ojcycoc'eus, or Vaceinium macrocar- 
pon (Cranberry). 
Vac-cin'I-um Mac-ro-car'pon.* 
The systematic name of the common 
American Cranberry, a plant of the Lin- 
nrnan class Octandria, natural order 
Vacciniacest. 
Vau il-lanl. [Vacil'lans, an'(i»; 
from vacil'lo, to “move to and fro,” to 
“waver.”] Wavering. In Botany, the 
same as Versatile, which see. 
Vae'u-uin.® [From vac'uus, “void,” 
or “empty.”] That is, vac'uum spa'tium, 
an “ empty space.” In Physics, a portion 
of space void of matter. The most per- 
fect vaeuum that can be produced artifi- 
cially is the Torricellian, which see. 
Va-gi'na,® gen. ’Va-g'i'na*. (A 
“sheath,” or “case.”) (Fr. Vagin, vS,'- 
zhaN0'.) The canal extending from the 
vulva to the uterus. The term is also 
applied to other parts; e.g. the fascia 
encasing or covering a limb, etc. 
Vagfi'na Cor'd is.® (“ Case of the 
Heart.”) The same as Pericardium, 
which see. 
Va&T-nal. [Vaffina'lis; from va- 
gi’na.] Belonging to the vagina. In 
Botany, relating to a sheath. 
Vaginal Coat of the Testicle. See 
Tunica Vaginalis. 
Vag'I-nant. [Vaginalis; from 
vagi'no, vcm/ina'tu m, to “sheathe.”] En< 
casing; sheathing. 
587 VAP 
Va&’l-nate. [Vagina'tus; from the 
same.] Cased or sheathed. 
Vag-i-ncr'vi-us.* [From va'gus, 
“wandering,” and ner'vus, a “nerve.”] 
Having leaves the nervures of which run 
-in all directions 
Vng-I-nif 'er-ous. [Vafeiniff'erus; 
from vagi'na, a “sheath,” and fc'ro, to 
“bear.”J Bearing one or more sheaths. 
Va-gi-sii'4is, id-is.* [From vagi'na.] 
Inflammation of the vagina. 
Va-gi'tus.* [From va'yio, vagi'turn, 
to “cry as an infant.”] (Fr. Vagisse- 
ment, v&'zh&ss'moN0'.) The crying of 
infants. 
Vagi'tus U-ter-i'nus.® (“Uterine 
Crying.”) The crying of the child heard, 
or supposed to have been heard, while 
yet in the passages. 
Vague. [From va'gus, “wandering.”] 
In Botany, having no definite order or 
direction. 
Va'gus.* [From va'go, to “wander.”] 
Wandering. Applied to the pneumo- 
gastric nerve, or Nervus vagus, otherwise 
called Par vagum, or “wandering pair.” 
See Pnf.umogastric Nerves. 
Va-le-ri-a'na.* [From Valerius, 
who first described it.] A Linnsean 
genus of the class Triandria, natural 
order Valeria)lacete. Also, the Pharma- 
copceial name for the root of Valeriana 
officinalis, which is used as a nervous 
stimulant or antispasmodic. 
Valeria'na (“Of- 
ficinal Valerian.”) The wild valerian 
plant. 
Valeria'na Syl-ves'tris.* The same 
as Valeriana Officinalis. 
Valerianacese,* va-le-re-a-na'she-e. 
A natural order of exogenous herbaceous 
plants, abundant in Europe, Northern 
India, and South America. It includes 
the Valeria'na, the root of which is tonic 
and antispasmodic. 
V a-le'rl-a-nate. [Valeria'nas, 
a'l/s.] A combination of valerianic acid 
with a base. 
Va-le-rl-an'ic. [Valeriau'lcus; 
from Valeria'na.\ Belonging to valerian. 
Applied to an acid obtained from it. 
Val-e-tu-dl-na'ri-au, or Val-e-tu - 
dl-ua-ry. [From valetu'do, “state or 
condition of body (or health),” whether 
good or bad.] A person who is in deli- 
cate or infirm health, or subject to fre- 
quent illness. 
Valgus.® Having legs bent out- 
ward; crooked: awry. 
Valley. [Val'lis.j The name of 
a depression of the cerebellum, in which 
VAG 
is lodged the commencement of the spina 
marrow. 
Val-sal'va, Si'nus-es of. Thre< 
prominences formed by dilatation of the 
walls of the aorta in the places which 
correspond to the sigmoid valves. 
Valvu. See Valve. 
Val-va'ceous. [Valva'ceus.] Ap- 
plied to indehiscent fruits formed of 
valves with distinct sutures. 
Val'va;,* the plural of Val'va. See 
Valve. 
Val var. [Valva'ris; from val'va, 
a “valve.”] Belonging to a valve. 
Val'vate, or Val'vat-ed. [Valva'- 
tus; from the same.] Having valves; 
valved. 
Valve. [Val'va, plural Val'va;; from 
vol'vo, to “roll,” to “fold.”] Originally, 
valvee were folding doors. Applied to a 
fold or elongation of the lining mem- 
brane of canals, preventing the reflux of 
their contents. In Botany, one of the 
pieces into which a pod or capsule sepa- 
rates in dehiscence. 
ValveG. [Valva'tus; from val'va, 
a “valve.”] Opening by valves. 
V&l'vl-form. [Valvifor'mis; from 
val'v<i, a “valve.”] Formed like a valve. 
Val'vu-Ia,* plural Val'vu-la*. [Di- 
minutive of val'va, a “valve.”] A little 
valve: a val'vule. 
Val'vu-Iiiy® gen. Val-vu-la.'runi, 
the plural of Valvula. 
Val'vnlse I'on-ni-von'tes. The 
semilunar folds formed by the mucous 
lining of the duodenum, jejunum, and 
ileum. 
Valvulse Semilunares. See Semi- 
lunar Valves. 
Va-ua'ili-uin.* [From Vanadis, a 
Scandinavian deity.] A white, brittle 
metal, very difficult of reduction, and 
not oxidized by air or water. It is solu- 
ble in nitric acid and aqua regia, with 
which it yields solutions of a fine dark- 
blue color. It was first found in Sweden. 
Vane-like. See Versatile. 
Va-nil'la.* The name applied to the 
prepared unripe capsules of the Vanil'la 
aromat'ica. They have been placed on 
the primary list of the Materia Medica 
of the U.S. Pharmacopoeia for 1860. 
Vanilla is a grateful aromatic, employed 
in confectionery, etc. It has been re- 
commended, in the form of infusion, as 
a remedy in hysteria, and in certain low 
fevers. 
Va'por,® gen. A Latin 
word signifying “steam,” or “exhala- 
tion.” Applied to any elastic fluid into 
588 which a liquid or solid is converted by 
heat. Vapors differ from gases in this 
respect, that they are not permanently 
elastic, but resume the liquid or solid 
form when cooled down to ordinary tem- 
peratures. 
Vapor llouctie (doosh). A kind of 
vapor-bath; properly, a column of vapor 
directed to a particular part. 
Vap-o-ra'rl-um.* [From vapo'ro, 
to “send out vapor.”] A vapor-bath. 
Vap-o-rl-za' tion. [V ajtoriza'tio, 
o'nis; from the same.] The rapid con- 
version of a fluid into vapor by heat. 
Va'pors, or Va'ponrs. A name for 
hypochondriasis, spleen, or depression of 
spirits. 
Var-i-cel'la.* [Diminutive of vari'- 
ola, “small-pox.”] Chicken-pox, a dis- 
ease characterized by an eruption of 
smooth, transparent, lentil-shaped, or 
irregular circular vesicles. A genus of 
the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexise, of 
Cullen’s Nosology. 
Var'i-vi-fornm. [Varicifor'mis; 
from va’rix, a “swollen vein.”] Resem- 
bling a varix. 
V&r'I-co-?ele.* [From va'rix, and 
<r>iAtj, a “tumor.”] A swelling of the 
veins of the scrotum, or of the sper- 
matic cord. Also, any tumor originating 
in a varicose vein. 
Var-I-cose'. [Varico'sns; from 
fd'ri.r.] Applied to veins in a state of 
permanent dilatation, with accumulation 
of dark-colored blood, the circulation 
of which is materially retarded in the 
affected vessel, which is irregular, knot- 
ted. and winding in a variety of ways. 
Varicose Aneurism. See Aneu- 
rism au Varix. 
Va-ri'e-ty. [Vari'etas, a'tis; from 
va'rius, “changeable,” “variegated.”] 
In Natural History, this term is applied 
to individuals of the same species which, 
from the operation of different causes, as 
climate, food, or cultivation, present de- 
viations from the specific type in size, 
color, form, etc., but have the capacity 
of reverting to the original typical form 
in successive generations on the cessa- 
tion of the influences under which the 
variety originated. 
Va-ri-i-fo'll-us.* [From va'rius, 
“diverse,” and /o' Hum, a “leaf.”] Hav- 
ing leaves not all of the same form. 
Va-ri'o-la.* [From va'rius, “varie- 
gated,” “spotted.”] (Fr. Varioie, vA- 
rAol', or Petite Verole, vArol'.) 
Small-pox. A very contagious disease 
characterized by synocha and an eruption 
YAP 
of pustules on the third day, which 
suppurate about the eighth, and after- 
wards, drying, fall off in crusts. A genus 
of the order Exanthemata, class Pyrexia, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Va-ri'o-lar. [Variola'pis; from 
vari'ola, “small-pox.”] Pertaining to 
variola. 
Va-ri'o-late. [Variola'tus; from 
the same.] Having small eminences like 
the pustules of small pox. 
Varioie. See Variola. 
Va'ri-o-loi«l. [Varioloi'cles; from 
vari'ola, and aA>s, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling variola, or small-pox. Varioloid 
(Lat. variolois), used as a noun, is a 
common term for small-pox modified by 
previous vaccination or inoculation. 
Va-ri-o-lo'is, idis.% [Diminutive of 
vari'ola.'] Small-pox modified by pre- 
vious vaccination. See Varioloid. 
Va-rl'o-lous. [Variolo'des; from 
vari'ola, “small-pox.”] Relating to 
small-pox; of the nature of small-pox. 
Varix, icf*.* [From ra'nts, 
“crooked.”] A dilated vein, generally 
becoming knotted and winding in its 
course. A genus of the order Turn ores, 
class Locales, of Cullen’s Nosology. 
Varolli Pons. See Pons Varolii. 
Va'rus.* A spot or pimple on the 
face. See Acne. 
Va'rus.* Crooked; ill shaped. Ap- 
plied to a variety of the deformity called 
Tal'ipes, or club-foot. 
Va'rns I'niic-ta'tus.* Applied to 
minute pimples common in the skin of 
the face, particularly of young persons, 
and called maggot-pimples, because a 
worm-like sebaceous substance may bo 
pressed out of them. 
Vas.® gen. Va'sis, plural Va'sa. A 
Latin word signifying any kind of ves- 
sel. Applied in Anatomy to membra- 
nous canals or tubes through which the 
fluids of the body are conveyed, as arte- 
ries, veins, etc. 
Vas Def'e-rcns.* A continuation 
■of the epididymis, forming the duct which 
conveys the semen secreted in the tes- 
ticle, into the ejaculatory duct. 
Va'sa,* gen. Va-so'ruin, the plural 
of Vas, which see. 
Va'sa Bre'vl-a.* (“ Short Vessels.”) 
The small branches of the splenic artery 
which anastomose with others of the 
gastric artery, and are distributed on the 
large arch of the stomach. 
Va'sa Cap-rc-o-la'rl-a.* (“ Tendril- 
like Vessels.”) The spermatic vessels: 
so named from their tortuous course. 
VAS 
589 Va'sa Eflfiprcn'tia* (ef-fer-en'she-a). 
(“ Efferent Vessels.”) Applied generally 
to vessels that go out from a gland, but 
specially to five or six tortuous vessels 
which ascend obliquely backwards from 
the testis. See next article. 
Va'sa Inferen’tia* (in-fe-ren'she-a). 
[From in, “into,” and fe'ro, to “carry.”] 
Applied to vessels which enter a gland, 
as distinguished from naan efferent in, or 
the vessels which carry out the substance 
secreted by the gland. 
Va'sa Se-ro'sa.* (“Serous Vessels.”) 
A name formerly applied to (supposed) 
vessels so minute as not to admit the red 
blood-globules, and therefore contain- 
ing serum only. They were considered 
to be a complement to the capillaries and 
to c rnvey nutriment to the ultimate 
tissues. 
Va'sa Va-so'rum.* (“Vessels of the 
Vessels.”) The very minute arteries and 
veins by which the substance of larger 
vessels is supposed to be supplied with 
nourishment. 
Va'sa Vor-ti-eo'sa.* (“Vorticose 
Vessels.”) Applied to the fine vascular 
ramifications principally connected with 
the veins on the external surface of the 
choroid coat of the eye. 
Vas'cti-lar. [Vascula'ris; from 
vaa'cnlum, a “little vessel.”] Having, 
or relating to, vessels: full of vessels. 
Vas'cular Plants. [Vascula'res.] 
A term applied to all plants which have 
vascular and woody tissues in their com- 
position (t.e. all exogenous and endogen- 
ous plants). They compose one of the 
two grand divisions in the system of De 
Candolle. 
Vas'cular Sys tem. [Syste'ma 
Vaso'runi.] That part of the animal 
economy which relates to the vessels. 
Harvey took the heart as the centre, and 
described the two circulations ns the 
pulmonic through the lungs, and the 
systemic through the system. 
Vascular System of Plants. 
That portion of the tissue of plants 
which is destined for the conveyance of 
sap or air. 
Vas'eular Tls'sue. [Trachen'- 
ehyma.] In Botany, a modification of 
cellular tissue, consisting of cells trans- 
formed into vessels or tubes called dotted 
ducts, spiral ducts, etc. In older stems 
they are filled with air, except when the 
whole tissue is gorged with sap. 
Vas-cu-lftr'i-ly. [Vascular'itas, 
a'tia; from vaa'cnlum, a “little vessel.”J 
The state or property of being vascular. 
VAS 
Vas-cu-lo'sus.® [From raa’culum, a 
“little vessel.”] Full of vessels; vas- 
cular. 
Vas'cu-lnm.'* [Diminutive of vaa, 
a “vessel.”] A little vessel. See Ascin- 
1UM. 
Vas'I form Tis sue. The same as 
Vascular Tissue, which see. 
Vas-ta'tor. o'r/V* [From ras'to, 
ranta'tum, to “lay waste,” to “destroy.”] 
Destroying or destructive. Applied to 
certain insects. See Aphis. 
Vax'tu*.* Literally, “large,” or 
“vast.” A term applied to two portions 
of the Triceps Extensor Cruris, which 
see. 
Va'sum,* plural Va'xa. A Latin 
word signifying a “vessel.” 
Vatcrian Hollies. Sec Pacini, Cor- 
puscles op. 
Vaulted. See Forniciform. 
Vamiiieline, vok A name for 
Strychnia, which see. 
Vcc'tix.* [From ve'hn, vec'tum, to 
“carry,” or to “bear.”] The lever. In 
Obstetrics, an instrument employed in 
certain cases of preternatural labor. 
Vector. See Hadius Vector. 
Vejf-c-ta-bil 'I-a.* (“’ Vegetables,” 
or “ Plants.”) A name sometimes ap- 
plied to the whole vegetable kingdom. 
Veg'e-ta-ble. [Vcg'etab'ilix: from 
ve'yeo, to “ grow,” to “ be strong.”] An 
organized body possessing organs of cir- 
culation and respiration, but destitute of 
sensation and of the power of locomo- 
tion; a plant. 
Vegetable Al-bii'men. A proxi- 
mate principle found in certain parts of 
plants, closely resembling animal albu- 
men. The term albumen (so called be- 
cause, like the white of an egg, it encloses 
the embryo) is also applied to the peri- 
sperm, or substance which surrounds the 
embryo, in Indian corn and most other 
kinds of grain. It is designed to supply 
nourishment to the young plant. 
Vegetable A-nat'o-my. or I’by- 
tot'o-my. The study of the minute 
structure of vegetables, as revealed by 
the microscope. 
Vegetable E-con 'o-my. [<Eco- 
no'mia Vegctab'ilix.] The orderly 
arrangement of the parts of living plants 
or vegetables. 
Veg-'ctable Pbyx-i-ol 'o-gy. The 
department of Botany which treats of 
the vital actions or functions of plants. 
The study of the apparatus of plants, in 
action, endowed with life, and fulfilling 
the purpose for which it was intenued, 
yeq 
590 VEG 
VEN 
and also of the forces which operate 
in it and by it, is the province of Vege- 
table Physiology.—(Gray.) 
Veg-edal'i-ty. [Vegetal'itas.] A 
term for the aggregate of those functions 
or properties which are possessed by all 
living vegetables; also applied to such 
animal phenomena as are common to 
the vegetable kingdom. 
Veg-e-ta'ri-an. One who holds the 
doctrine that vegetables are the only 
proper food for man. 
Veg-e-ta'tion. [Vejgeta'tio, o'nig; 
from vey'eto, veyeta'turn, to “quicken,” 
or to “ make strong.”] The growth of 
plants; the process by which plants 
vegetate or grow. Sometimes applied 
to plants collectively or in general. 
Also, a morbid fungous excrescence 
which sometimes appears on the valves 
of the heart, or on the semilunar valves 
of the aorta. 
Veg'e-ta-tlve. [Vegetati'vus; 
from the same.] Capable of growing; 
relating to growth or nutrition. Applied 
to organic functions, i.e. nutrition and 
reproduction. 
Veg'e-to-An'I-mal. [Ve&'eto-An- 
ima lis.] Applied to gluten and vege- 
table albumen, two vegetable substances 
which resemble certain proximate ani- 
mal principles in chemical habitudes, etc. 
Vejg'eto-Min'e-rsU. [Veg'eto-Min- 
era'lis.] Pertaining to vegetable and 
mineral substances. 
Veg'elo-Siil-phu ri-cns.® Applied 
to an acid formed by the action of sul- 
phuric acid on sawdust of wood, or linen 
rags. 
Ve'I»I-cle. [Vehic'nlum; from 
ve'ho, to “carry,” in any manner.] Lit- 
erally, “that which carries or conveys.” 
A liquor, or substance, in which medi- 
cine is rendered of more easy exhibition. 
See Excipient. 
Veil. See Velum, and Calyptra. 
Vein. See Vena. 
Veined. [Veno'sus.] Having veins 
or nerves. In Botany, furnished with 
slender vascular or woody bundles, es- 
pecially branching one3, or veins. 
Vein'less. [Ave'nius.] Destitute 
of apparent veins. 
Vein'let. [Ven'ula.] A little vein; 
one of the smaller ramifications of the 
veins of a leaf. 
Veins, Min'e-ral. Cracks or fis- 
sures in rocks, filled with metals or 
other substances different from the rock 
itself. 
Vel'lum.* [From vel'lus, a “fleece 
of wool;” also, the “skin of an animal.”] 
A fine kind of parchment, made of calf- 
skin. 
Velum.* [From ve'lo, to “hide.”] 
A veil. Applied to several objects like 
a veil or screen. 
Velum In-ter-pos'i-tum.* (“ In- 
terposed Veil.”) The choroid membrane 
of the brain, situated beneath the fornix. 
and above the optic thaUvni. 
Velum Fen'dii-liim Pa-la'tl.* 
(“Pendulous Veil or Curtain of the 
Palate.”) Applied to the posterior part 
of the palate, which forms two arches, 
fixed laterally to the tongue and phar- 
ynx. See Palatum Molle. 
Velum Pu-pil'lse.* (“Veil of the 
Pupil.”) The name of a very thin mem- 
brane which covers the pupil of the eye 
in the foetus; also termed Membrana jm- 
pillaris (“Pupillary Membrane”). 
Velum Ye-si\-;i‘ I’-rl-na'ri-av® 
The triyone. 
Ve-lu'ti-nous. [From the Italian 
veilh’to, “velvet.”] Velvety; covered 
with very fine and close soft hairs, so 
that the surface resembles velvet to the 
touch. Applied to plants. 
Ve'na,* plural Vena*. A vein; a 
non-pulsating vessel carrying the blood, 
or waste portion of it, back to the heart, 
after it has been distributed to the sys- 
tem by the arteries and has given off Us 
nutritious properties to the various or- 
gans and tissues of the body. (See Cir- 
culation.) Also, one of the woody fibres 
which form part of the framework of 
leaves. 
Ve'na Ar-te-ri-o'sa.* (“Arterial 
Vein.”) Another name for the portal 
vein: so called because it ramifies like 
an artery, and conveys blood for secre- 
tion ; but it is an arterial vein in another 
sense, being a vein to the hepatic artery, 
and an artery to the hepatic vein. See 
Vena Portal 
Ve'na Ba-sil'I-ea.® (“Royal Vein.”) 
The large vein of the arm. See Basilic. 
Ve'na C’a'va In-fe'rl-oiy* or Ve'na 
fa'va As-cen'dens.* (“Inferior or 
Ascending Hollow Vein.”) The largo 
vein which extends from the articulation 
of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae 
to the right auricle of the heart. 
Ve'na fa'va Sn-pe'ri-or* (“Supe- 
rior Hollow Vein”), otherwise called 
Ve'na Ca'va (“De- 
scending”). The grand trunk which 
transmits the blood of the head, the neck, 
the superior extremities, and part of the 
circulation of the thorax to the heart. 
591 YEN 
VEN 
Vena Portae. See Portal Vein. 
Ve'nse,® gen. Ve-na'rum, the plural 
of Vena, which see. 
Venae Alares. See Alares Venal 
Ve'nse CJa'vte.® (Literally, “Hollow 
Veins.”) The two large terminating 
trunks of the veins, divided into the 
Vena cava superior, and Vena cava in- 
ferior. 
Ven-ae-sec'tio.* (“Cutting of a 
Vein.”) See Venesection. 
Vc-na'tion. [Vena'tio; from ve'na, 
a “vein.”] The mode in which veins 
are distributed throughout the lamina of 
a leaf. There are two principal modes 
of venation, which are characteristic of 
the two grand divisions of phenogamous 
plants, viz. Reticulated and Parallel- 
Veined, which see. 
Ven-e-na'tion. [From rene'no, vene- 
na'tum, to “poison.”] The act of poi- 
soning. 
Ven-e-ni f'er-ons. [Venen if'crus; 
from vene'num, “poison,” and fe'ro, to 
“ bear.”] Bearing poison. Applied to 
plants. 
Ve-ne're-al. [Vene'reus: from 
Ve'ntis, the goddess of love.] Belong- 
ing to sexual intercourse, or venery. 
Also, the same as Aphrodisiac. 
Vene'real Dis-ease'. [Vlor'bus 
Aphroilis'ius or Vene'reus.] A 
general term for gonorrhoeal as well as 
syphilitic affections, but more frequently 
applied to the latter. See Syphilis. 
Vene'real Disease', True. Syph- 
ilis, or Lues venerea. 
Ven'e-ry. [From Ve'nus, the god- 
dess of love.] The pleasures of love; 
sexual intercourse. 
Ven-e-sec'tion. [Vemesec'tio, 
O'nis; from ve'na, a “vein,” and sc'co, 
see'turn, to “cut.”] The minor operation 
of opening a vein with a lancet, other- 
wise called phlebotomy ; a bleeding or 
blood-letting. 
Ven'om. [Lat. Vene'nuin; Fr. 
Venin, veh-naNa'.] Poison. Usually 
applied to the poison secreted by certain 
animals; as that of poisonous serpents, 
of the spider, wasp, etc. 
Ven'o-mous. [From vene'num, 
“poison.”] Poisonous. Usually ap- 
plied to certain noxious animals. 
Ve'nose. [Veno'sus; from ve'na, 
a “vein.”] Veiny; abounding in veins. 
Ye'nous. [Veno'sus; from the 
same.] Relating to tho veins; con- 
tained in the veins. 
Venter,' gen. Ven'tris. A Latin 
term signifying the “stomach,” or “bel- 
ly.” (Fr. Ventre, voNtn.) Also applied 
to the “womb.” 
Ven'ter I'nins.* (“Lowest Belly.”) 
Another name for the Abdomen, which 
see. 
Ven-tl-Iii'tion. [Vrntila'tio,o'nit; 
from ven'tilo, ventila'turn, to “ blow,” to 
“fan.”] The act of ventilating or re- 
newing the air of apartments, etc.; the 
art of conveying currents of fresh air 
through apartments, or confined places, 
so as to maintain the atmosphere in a 
state of purity. 
Ventouse, voN°'tooz'. The French 
for “cupping-glass.” See Citcurbitula. 
Ven tral. [Ventra'lis; from ven'- 
ter, the “ belly.”] Belonging to the 
belly; abdominal. In Botany, relating 
to the inner side of a simple pistil, viz. 
that side next the axis. 
Ven'tral Suture (of a pistil or 
pericarp). The inner suture, or that 
next the axis of the flower. 
Ventre. See Venter, and Sto- 
mach. 
Ven'trl-cle. [Ventric'nlus; dimi- 
nutive of veil'ter, the “ belly.”] Applied 
to certain cavities of the brain and of 
the heart. See Heart. 
Ven'tricle of the I.ilr'yiix. [Yen- 
tric'iilus Laryn'gis, plural Veil- 
tric'uli Laryn'gis.] A depressed 
fossa situated immediately above the 
horizontal projection of the chorda voca- 
lis at each side. 
Ven'trl-cose. [ Ventrieo sus: from 
ven'ter, the “belly.”] Having a swelled- 
out appearance, like a belly; big-bellied. 
See Urceolate. 
Ven-tric'u-li,® gen. Ven-tric-u- 
lo'rmn, the plural of Ventriciii.us. 
Ventric'uli Tri-eor'nes.* (“ Three- 
IIorned Ventricles.”) A designation of 
the two lateral ventricles' of the brain. 
See Tricorne. 
Ven-tric'ii-lus.* [Diminutive of 
ven'ter, the “belly.”] The stomach; tho 
principal organ of digestion. See Sto- 
mach. Also, a Ventricle, which see. 
Veil-tril'o*qu ism. [From ven’ter, 
the “ belly,” or “ stomach,” and lo'quor, 
to “speak;” because it often seems as if 
the voice were formed in the stomach or 
chest, and not in the mouth.] Tho 
utterance of the voice in such manner 
within the mouth that, by varying its 
tones in imitation of the voices of others, 
and according to supposed distances of 
the speakers, but without perceptible 
motion of the lips, perfect illusion is 
produced; also calledyastroloqnism. One 
592 possessing the power of ventriloquism is 
termed a ventriloquist. 
Ventriloquist. See Ventriloquism. 
Ven-t ril'o-quous. [Ventril'o* 
quits.] Relating to, or having the 
power of, ventriloquism. 
Ven'trose. [Ventro'sus; from 
ten'ter, a “ belly.”] Having a belly, or 
swellings like the belly. See Gastrodes. 
Ven'u-la.* [Diminutive of ve'ua, a 
“vein.”] A little vein. 
Ve'nus,* gen. Ven'e-ris. (The 
goddess of beauty and love.) An an- 
cient name of copper, which was so 
called because this metal was originally 
procured in great quantities in the island 
of Cyprus, the favorite abode of Venus. 
Also, a term for sexual love. See 
Venereal. 
Ve'nus, Crys'tals of. A common 
name for the crystallized acetate of cop- 
per. 
Ver, veR. The French for “worm.” 
See Vermis. 
Ve-ra'trl-a,® or Ver'a-trin, Ver-a- 
tri'na.® [From Vera'trum.] The Phar- 
macopoeial name || for a vegetable alkali 
obtained from subadilla. It is very 
poisonous. 
Ve-rat'ric. [Verat'ricus.] Belong- 
ing to veratria. 
Ve-ra'trnm.* A Linnsean genus of 
the class Polygamia, natural order Me- 
lanthacese. Also, the Pharmacopoeial 
name (Lond., Ed., and Dub. Ph.) for 
tho root of Verntrum album. 
Vera'trum Al'bum.* Areratrum, or 
white hellebore; also termed llellcborus 
albas. The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. 
Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Vcratrum 
album. It is a violent emetic and 
cathartic; in small doses it is a general 
stimulant to the secretions. 
Vera'trum Sab-a-»lil'la.* The 
name of one of the plants which afford 
subadilla. 
Vera'trum VIr'I-de.* American 
hellebore. The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the rhizoma of the Vera- 
trum riride. It is a violent emetic. 
Verbenacese,* ver-be-na'she-e. A 
natural order of exogenous plants, com- 
mon in the tropics of both hemispheres, 
and in the temperate parts of South 
America. It includes the Verbena, Vitex, 
and Tectona (Teak), a large tree of India 
which is perhaps the best timber for 
ship-building in the world. 
Verd Antique, verd an-teek'. A 
beautiful mottled green marble, or aggre- 
gate of marble and serpentine. 
YEN 
Verdigris, ver'de-gress. [Lat. AE- 
ru'go; Fr. Vert-de-gris, veR'deh-gR<y.] 
A common name for the subacetate of 
copper (Capri sabacetas). It occurs in 
masses of a pale-green color, almost 
wholly soluble with the aid of heat in 
dilute sulphuric acid. It is used exter- 
nally as a detergent and escharotic, and 
is occasionally applied to chronic erup- 
tions, foul and indolent ulcers, and 
venereal warts. 
Ver'dI-ter. A blue pigment obtained 
by adding chalk or whiting to a solu- 
tion of copper in nitric acid. It is a 
hydrated percarbonate of copper. 
Verjuice. [From the French verd, 
“green,” and jus, “juice.”] (Fr. Verjus, 
veR'zhii'.) The juice of green or unripe 
grapes, crab-apples, etc. 
Ver'meS,* the plural of Vermis, 
which see. 
Vermicelli, ver-me-chel'le. [From 
ver'mis, a “worm.”] An Italian article 
of food made from a paste of wheat flour, 
cheese, eggs, and sugar, which paste is 
formed into long wormlike pieces by 
forcing it through holes. 
Ver-mic'u-lar. [Vermieula'ris; 
from ver’mis, a “worm.”] Wormlike in 
shape or appearance. 
Ver-inic'11-Iate. [Vermicnla'tus; 
from the same.] Resembling a worm. 
Ver-mic-ii-la/tioii. [Vermieula'- 
tio, o'nis; from the same.] A peculiar 
motion in certain parts like the progres- 
sion of a worm. 
Ver-mie'u-lose, or Ver-mic'u- 
lous. [ Verinieiilo’sus; from vermic’- 
ulns, a “ little worm.”] Having worms. 
Ver'nii-foriii. j Verm Ilormis; 
from ver'mis, a “ worm.”] Formed like 
a worm; wormlike. 
Ver'inildrm Process. [Proces'- 
sus Vermifor'mls.] Applied to the 
process connecting the two hemispheres 
of the cerebellum, like an earthworm 
rolled up. 
Ver'mI-fuge. [Vermif'ugns; 
from ver'mis, a “worm,” and fw'go, to 
“ drive away.”] Having power to expel 
worms; anthelmintic. See Antiscolic. 
Ver-mil'I-on. [Vermii'ium.] A 
red pigment of remarkable beauty; the 
same as cinnabar, or bisulphuret of mer- 
cury. 
Ver-ml-na'tiou. [Vermina'tio, 
o'nis; from ver'mis, a “worm.”] See 
Malts. 
Ver'mis,* plural Ver'meS. (Fr. 
Ver, veR.) A worm. Applied in Medi- 
cine to an animal which infests the 
VER 
593 VER 
VER 
intestines of man and other animals. 
Among the most common and important 
intestinal worms may be mentioned the 
As'carts lumbricotdes, Oxyurus vermicula- 
r is (or As’car is verm icula '/■is), Tm'nia la'ta, 
Tie'niaso'litun, andTrichoceph'alus, which 
are noticed under their proper heads. 
Often applied in the plural (Vermes) 
somewhat loosely to a class or division 
of animals including leeches, earth- 
worms, snails, etc. 
Ver-miv'o-rous. [Veriniv'oriis; 
from ver'mis, a “worm,” and vo'ro, to 
“devour.”] Feeding on worms and 
insects. 
Ver-nac'u-Iar. [Vernac'iilus; 
from ver'na, a “bondman,” a “home- 
born servant.”] Native; indigenous; 
pertaining to one’s native country. 
Ver'nal. [Verna'Iis; from rer, tho 
“spring.”] Belonging to spring. 
Ver-na'tion. [Verna'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] The disposition of nas- 
cent leaves in the bud. Also called Pra;- 
FOLIATIOX. 
Ve r- n o' nl-a Aii-thcl-min'tl-ca.* 
An East Indian plant of the natural 
order Compositx, highly commended as 
a bitter tonic. The seeds are used as 
an anthelmintic. 
Vtfrole, v&'rol'. The French term for 
Syphilis, which see. 
Ve-ron'I-ca.* A Linn man genus of 
the class Diandria, natural order Scro- 
phulariacem, or Pediculares. 
Veroa’ica A-quat'I-ca.* A name 
for Veronica beccabunga. 
Veron'ica Bec-ca-bun'g-a.* The 
systematic name of the plant brooklime, 
or water-pimpernel. It was formerly 
much employed in Medicine, but its use 
of latter time has been generally aban- 
doned. 
Ver-ru'ca.® A wart; a hardening of 
the cuticle, of various appearance. A 
genus of the order Tumores, class Locales, 
of Cullen’s Nosology. Also applied to a 
little knob occurring on the under sur- 
face of fungi. 
Ver-ru ’cl-form. [Verrucifor'- 
mis; from verru'ea, a “wart.”] Hav- 
ing the form of a wart. 
Ver'ru-cose. [Verruco'sus; from 
the same.] IVarty; covered with warts: 
ver'rucous. 
Ver-ru'cu-lose. [Vcrraculo'sus; 
from verru'cula, a “little wart.”] Hav- 
ing small warts: verruculous. 
Ver'sa-tlle. [Versat'ilis; from 
ver'so, versa'turn, to “turn often.”] 
Vane-like; oscillating. Applied to an 
anther when the apex of the filament is 
attached to a point near its middle. 
Ver-sic'o-lor, o'r/s.* [From vcr'- 
sus, “changed,” and co'lor, “color.”] 
Changing color, or having many tints: 
versicolored. 
Ver'te-bra,* plural Ver'te-bra“. 
[From ver'to, to “turn.”] A peculiarly- 
shaped bone, twenty-four of which com- 
pose the spine, or vertebral column and 
canal containing the spinal marrow. 
Each vertebra is. composed of— 
1. A body, or the main part, forming 
thecentreof thespine, and bearing chiefly 
the weight of the body. It is sometimes 
termed the cen'trum, or “centre.” 
2. Four articulating processes, by which 
it is joined to the next vertebra. These 
are sometimes called oblique processes, 
the upper ones the ascending oblique, the 
lower the descending oblique processes. 
3. A spinous process, which .projects 
directly backward, those of the different 
vertebrm forming with their points the 
ridge of the back : from their sharpness 
the vertebral column is called the Sipine. 
■4. Two transverse processes, which stand 
out at right angles, or laterally, from 
the body of the vertebra. 
Ver'febra Den-ta'ta.® The axis, 
or second cervical vertebra. 
Ver'te-brav* gen. Ver-te-bra'rum, 
the plural of Vertebra, which see. 
Ver'tebras false. A term applied 
to the various portions of the sacrum 
and os coccygis, regarded as vertebrae 
joined together by ossification. 
Ver'te-bral. [Vertebrafis.] Re- 
longing to a vertebra, or the vertebras. 
Ver tebral Arch, Iti-fe'rl-or. The 
same as H.«mal Arch, which sec. 
Ver'tebral Arch. Su-pe'rl-or. Ap- 
plied in Comparative Anatomy to the 
portion of the vertebra above (the animal 
being in its horizontal position) the cen- 
trum, or body, forming the bony archway 
or canal in which i3 lodged the spinal 
marrow. 
Ver'tebral Ar'te-ry. [Arte'ria 
Vcrtebra'lis.] A large artery, so 
named because it passes through a bony 
canal formed for it by the perforations 
of the cervical vertebras. This and the 
carotid are the arteries of the brain. 
Ver'tebral Ca-nal'. [Cana'lis Ver- 
tebra'lis.] Applied to the canal ex- 
tending through the length of the verte- 
bral column, and containing the spinal 
marrow. 
Ver'tebral Col umn. [Laf. Colmn'- 
na Vcrtebra'lis; Fr.Colonne Vertebrate, 
594 VER 
VES 
ko'lnnn' ven't&'br&l'.] Also called ftpi'- 
nat ( ol'umn [tolmtina Spinalis], 
and Spine [Lat. Spiiia; Fr. Eehine, 
Ash£n']. The bony column which forms 
the posterior part of the skeleton, be- 
tween the head and pelvis. It is com- 
posed of twenty-four vertebras, divided 
into— 
1. The Cervical, or those of the neck, 
seven in number, characterized by hav- 
ing their transverse processes perforated 
for the passage of the vertebral artery. 
The first of these is called the atlas, 
from its immediately supporting the 
head; the second, the dentuta, odontdides, 
or axis, from its axis or toothlike pro- 
cess, upon which it turns; and the low- 
est, vertebra prominens, from its spinous 
process being so much longer than the 
others. 
2. The Dorsal, or those of the back, 
twelve in number. These arc distin- 
guished by having articular surfaces for 
the heads of the ribs. 
3. The Lumbar, or those of the loins, 
five in number, and distinguished by 
their size and the length of the trans- 
verse processes. 
Vertebral Disease. See Spoxdyl- 
artfirocace. 
Ver'tebral Gut'ter. The vertebral 
gutters are situated at the side of the 
backbone, between the spinous processes 
and the angles of the ribs. 
Yer-te-bra'ta,® the plural neuter of 
Vertebratus, which see. 
Vertebrates. See Vertebratus. 
Ver-te-bra'tus.* Vertebrated; hav- 
ing vertebrae. Applied in the plural 
neuter (Vertebra'to,) to the first great 
division of the animal kingdom, having 
a spine formed of vertebrae movable on 
each other, and each perforated by an 
annular opening for the passage of the 
spinal marrow. 
Ver tex, Ms.* [From ver'to, to 
“turn.”] The summit or top of any 
thing. In Astronomy, the same as 
zenith. The vertex of an angle or cone 
is the angular point, or that in which 
the sides of the angle or cone intersect. 
In Anatomy, the top or crown of the 
head. 
Ver'ti-cal. [Vertica'Iis; from 
ver'texJ] Pertaining to the vertex; di- 
rected up and down ; perpendicular. 
Ver'ti-ces,* the plural of Vertex. 
Ver'tl-cil, or Ver'tl-cel. [Vertl- 
ril'lus; from ver'to, to “turn.”] A 
whorl; a set of organs arranged in a 
circle around the axis of a plant. 
[Verticilla'tus.1 
Disposed in verticils; whorled. Leaves 
are called vertieillate when three or 
more are ranged around each node. 
Ver-tl-eil-ll-flo'rous. [Verticil- 
lifto'rus; from verticil'Inn, a “spindle,” 
and jio8, a “ flower.”] Having spikes 
composed of verticils. 
Yer-tl-cil'Ius,* plural Ver-tl-cil'Ii. 
A term sometimes applied to the verte- 
brae. 
Ver-tig'I-nous. [Vertigino’sus.] 
Relating to vertigo. 
Yer ti-go. [Verti'go, fe'im's; from 
ver'to, to “turn.”] (Fr. Etourdissement, 
AtooR'd6ss'mbN°'.) Dizziness; swimming 
of the head; giddiness. 
Verumoiitanum. See Caput Gal- 
LIN AG INIS. 
Ye-sani-a,® plural Ve-sa'nl-te. 
[Fromaesa'aas,“mad,”“furious.”] Mad- 
ness. Applied in the plural to an order 
in Cullen’s Nosology, including db-eascs 
in which the judgment is impaired, with- 
out coma or pyrexia. 
Y'e-si’ca.® [From ras, a “vessel.”] 
A bladder. In ordinary acceptation, the 
Yesi'ca nrina'ria, or urinary bladder. 
Applied also to any thing resembling a 
bladder. 
Vesi'ca Fel'lis.® (“Bladder of the 
Bile.”) See Gall-Bladder. 
Vesi'ca Xat-a-to’ri-a.® (“Swim- 
ming Bladder.”) The - air-bladder of 
fishes, etc. 
Ves'I-cal. [Yesica'Iis; from vesi'ca, 
a “bladder.”] Having the appearance 
of a bladder. 
Vesicamtia,* ves-e-kan'she-a. See 
Vesicants. 
Ves'I-cants. [Vesiean’tia; from 
vesi'ca, a “ bladder;” also, a “ blister.”] 
Epispastics. Topical agents which cause 
the exhalation of a thin serous fluid 
under the cuticle. 
Ves'1-cat-iiig. [Ves'icans, an'/ii; 
from the same.] The same as Vesica- 
torius. 
Ves-I-ca'tion. [Vesica'tio, o'ms; 
from the same.] The action of a vesi- 
cant; the formation of a blister. 
Ves-I-ca-to'rl-um.* [From the 
same.] (Fr. Veeicatoire, Y'&'z&’k&’tw&it'.) 
A blister, or vesicatorj7. 
[From the 
same.] Having the property of-raising 
a blister; blistering: ves'icatory. 
Vesicatory. See Vesicatorius, and 
Vesicatorium. 
Ves'i-cle. [Vesie'nla; diminutive 
of vesi'ca, a “ bladder.”] Literally, a 
595 VES 
VIC 
“small bladder;” usually applied to an 
elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear 
watery fluid. Applied in the plural to 
certain little receptacles, etc. 
Ves'I-cle, A nucleated 
vesicle, being the earliest-formed part of 
the ovum. Its nucleus is termed the 
germinal spot. 
Ve-sic'u-la Fel'lis.* (“Bladder of 
the Bile.”) See Gall-Bladder. 
Ve-sic'u-lae,® the plural of Vesic'ula. 
See Vesicle. 
Vesicula; Graafianrc. See Graafi- 
ANA5 VeSICDLAL 
Vesicula; Kabotbi. See Nabothi 
GlANDULjE. 
Vesic'ula; Sem-I-na'les.® (“ Sem- 
inal Vesicles.”) The two reservoirs or 
receptacles of the semen situated on 
the back and lower part of the urinary 
bladder. 
Ve-sic'u-lar. [Vesicnla'ris; from 
vesic'ula, a “ vesicle.”] Belonging to or 
having vesicles. 
Vtfsiculedu Ficl, v&'z&'kiil' dii fe-el', 
or V6sicule liiliaire, v&'z£'kul' bA- 
le-6R\ The French terms for Gall- 
Bladder, which see. 
Ves-I-cu-lif'er-ous. [Vesiculif 
erus; from vesic'ula, a “vesicle,” and 
fe'ro, to “bear.”] Bearing vesicles. 
Ve-slc'u-lous. [Vesictilosus; 
from vesic'ula, a “vesicle.”] Having or 
resembling vesicles. 
Ves'per-tine. [From ves'per, “even- 
ing.”] Appearing or expanding in the 
early evening. Applied to flowers. 
Ves'sel. (Fr. Vaisseau, v&'so'.) A 
canal or conduit by which blood, chyle, 
etc., are conveyed through the body and 
organs. (See Vas.) Applied in Botany 
to ducts and tubes. See Spiral Vessels, 
and Vascular Tissue. 
Vcssie, vAs&', or ves'sS'. The French 
for Urixary Bladder, which see. 
Ves'ti-bule. [Vestib'ulum.] Origi- 
nally, the “ porch or entry to a house.” 
Applied to the small elliptical cavity of 
the internal ear, behind the cochlea, and 
in front of the semicircular canals. 
Veta, va'tS,, or Puna, poo'ni. A dis- 
ease prevalent in the elevated districts 
of South America, supposed to be caused 
by breathing rarefied air; it resembles 
sea-sickness. 
[Veterf na'rins; 
from ve'ho, to “carry.”] Literally, 
“belonging to beasts of burden.” See 
next article. 
Vet'erinary Meil'I-cine. [Metlici'- 
na Veterinaria.] The healing art as 
applied to diseases in horses, cattle, etc.; 
anciently called Mulo-medicina. 
Vex'il-la-ry. [Vexilla'ris; from 
vexil'lum, a “ banner.”] Pertaining to 
the vexillum. Applied to aestivation, 
when the vexillum embraces the other 
petals. 
Vex'il-late. [Vexilla'tus; from 
the same.] Having a vexillum. Applied 
to a papilionaceous plant. 
Vex-il'lum.* [From ve'ho, vec'tum, 
to “carry.”] Originally, a standard or 
ensign. The standard or upper petal of 
a papilionaceous flower. 
Vl-a-bil'I-tjf. [See next article.] 
Ability to live. 
Vi'a-ble. [Lat. Viab'ilis; Fr. Via- 
ble, vA&bl'; from vie, “life.”] A term in 
Medical Jurisprudence signifying “able 
or likely to live.” Applied to the con- 
dition of a child at birth. 
Vi'sc Facli-ry-iiia'IeA.® (“Lachry- 
mal Passages.”) A collective term for 
the double apparatus for the secretion 
and excretion of the tears. This appa- 
ratus consists of the lachrymal gland, 
lachrymal ducts, the puncta lachrymalia, 
lachrymal sac, and nasal canal. 
Via? Primse. See Prima; Via:. 
Vial. See Phial. 
Vi-bi' ces.® [Plural of vi'bex, the 
“mark of a blow.”] Large purple spots 
which appear beneath the skin in certain 
malignant fevers. 
Vi'bra-tile. [Vibrat'ilis; from vi'- 
bro, vibra'tum, to “shake,” or “bran- 
dish.”] Having an oscillatory motion; 
moving to and fro, or from side to side. 
Vi-bra'tion. [Vibra'tio, o'nit; 
from the same.] A very rapid move- 
ment which an elastic and rigid rod 
fixed at one of its extremities, or a cord 
stretched at the two ends, executes in 
oscillating. In Mechanics, the recipro- 
cating motion of a body, as a pendulum, 
musical chord, etc. 
Vi'bra-to-ry. [Vibrato'rius.] 
Similar to Vibratile. 
Vib'ri-o.® [From the same.] A name 
given to minute animalcules developed in 
putrefying animal fluids. 
Vf-bris 's*e, a 'rum and o'rum.* [From 
the same.] The stiff hairs in the nos- 
trils. Also, the stiff, long-pointed bris- 
tles which grow from the upper lip and 
other parts of the head of mammals. 
Vl-eii'rl-ous. [Vica'rtus; from 
vi'eis, “change.”] Acting in the place 
of another, or taking the place of an- 
other: as, vicarious secretion. 
Vlcq «l*Azyr (v6k Cen'trai 
596 O-va'li-aof. The white substance sur- 
rounded by the gray portion of the hemi- 
spheres of the cerebrum when the upper 
parts are sliced off nearly on a level 
with the corpus callosum.—(Mayne.) 
Verve. The third or pos- 
terior branch of the spheno-palatine. 
Vie, vA The French term for Life, 
which see. 
Vieillesse, vc-Ayess', or ve-el'yess'. 
The French word for “old age.” See 
Senectus. 
Vieus'sens (ve-u'sens), Centrum 
O-va’lc of. The white substance sur- 
rounded by the gray or cortical portion 
of the cerebrum when both hemispheres 
are sliced off quite on a level with the 
corpus callosum.—(Mayne.) 
Vigilance. See Pervigilium. 
Vil-lif 'er-ous. [Villif'erus; from 
vil'lus, “wool,” or “shaggy hair,” and 
fe’ro, to “ bear.”] Bearing long hairs. 
Applied to plants. 
Vil-lose', or Vil lous. [Villo'sus; 
from vil'lus, “wool,” or “hair.”] Shaggy 
with long and soft hairs. Applied to 
stems, etc. 
Vil’lus,*plural Vil'li. [From vel'lus, 
a “fleece of wool”?] Originally, “hair,” 
or the “nap of cloth.” Applied in the 
plural to the small conical projections on 
the valvulse eonniventcs, having small pores 
which are the- mouths of the absorbent 
vessels. In Botany, a hairy pubescence 
composed of slender and soft, hair-like 
filaments. 
Vi-min'e-ons. [From vi'men, an 
“osier” or “twig.”] Bearing or resem- 
bling long and flexible twig3 like wicker. 
Vim*. [Vin'ea; from vi'num, “wine.”] 
Any trailing, climbing, or twining stem. 
Vine, originally and properly, is applied 
to the Grape-vine. 
Vinegar. See Acetum. 
Vinegar, Mother of. See Mother 
of Vinegar. 
Vl-nif'er-ous. [Vinif'erus: from 
vi'num, “wine,” and Je'ro, to “bear.”] 
Wine-bearing or wine-yielding. See 
Vitis Vinifera. 
Vi’nous. [Vino'sus? from vi'num, 
“wine.”] Relating to, or resembling, 
wine. 
Vi'num.* A Latin word for wine, the 
juice of the grape. See Wine. 
Vinum Album. See Vinum Xeri- 
CUM. 
Vi'num An-ti-mo'nI-i.* (“Wine 
of Antimony.”) See Antimonial Wine. 
Vi'num Por-ten'se,* or Vi'num 
Ru'brum* (“Red AVine”), 1850. The 
VID 
Pharmacopceial name (U.S. Ph.) for port 
wine. 
Vi'num XSr'I-cum.* The Phar- 
macopoeial name (U.S. and Br. Ph.) for 
sherry wine, otherwise called Vinum album 
and Vi'num al'bum Hispa'num. 
Vi'o-la.* [From ion, a “violet.”] A 
Lin mean genus of the class Pentandna, 
natural order Violacese. Also, the Phar- 
macopoeia! name (U.S. Ph.) for the herb 
of Viola pedata; (Lond. and Ed. Ph.) 
for the flowers of the Vi'ola odora'ta, or 
sweet violet. It is a demulcent and ex- 
pectorant. 
Vi'ola Ca-ni'na.* Dog Violet. A 
plant the root of which is emetic and 
cathartic. 
Vi’ola Ort-o-ra'ta.* The sweet vio- 
let. See Viola. 
Violacese,* vi-o-la'she-e. A natural 
order of exogenous plants, natives of 
many temperate regions. Emetic pro- 
perties are generally possessed by the 
roots of this order, which includes the 
Vi'ola (Violet). 
Vi-o-lii'ceous. [Viola'ceus.] Re- 
sembling the violet. 
Vi'o-let, Sweet. The Viola odorata. 
Viper, or Vipfcre. See Coluber 
Be iujs. 
Vir,* gen. Vi'ri. A Latin word sig- 
nifying a “man” (or “male”), as distin- 
guished from a woman; while Homo 
signifies man (human being), when refer- 
ence is made to the race without respect 
to sex. See Homo. 
Vi'reS,* gen. Vir'i-fim. The plural 
of Vis, which see. 
a Vi-res'vcnt. [From vires'co, to “be- 
come green.”] Somewhat green. 
Vir [V irga'Iiis; from vir'ga, 
a “rod.”] Having the form of a rod; 
wand-like. 
Vir'gin Oil. The substance which 
flows first from the pulp of the ripe juice 
of the olive, on expression. 
Vir-gi-na'le Claiis friim.® A name 
sometimes applied to the Hymen. 
Vir-gin'I-an Snakc'-root. The 
Aristolochia serpentaria. See Serpen- 
TARIA. 
Vir'trill's Milk. A cosmetic pre- 
pared by mixing one drachm of simple 
tincture of benzoin with four ounces of 
water. 
Vir-gul'tum.* [From vir'ga, a 
“rod.”] A twig or young shoot. 
Vi'ri,* gen. Vi-ro'rum, the plural 
of Vir, which see. 
Vir'I-«le AS'ris.* (The “Green of 
Brass.”) Another term for Verdigris. 
YIR 
597 VIR 
VIT 
[From vir'idis, 
“green.”] The same as Virescent, 
which see. 
Vlr-I-dl-tlo'rns.® [From vxr'idis, 
“green,” and jlo8, a “flower.”] Having 
flowers of a green color. 
Vir'i-din. [Viridi'na; from vxr'i- 
dis, “green.”] Proposed by Do Can- 
dolle for Ciiromule, which see. 
Yi'rlle. [Viri'lis; from vir, a 
“man.”] Belonging to a man; peculiar 
to man, as distinguished from woman. 
Virile .tlembruni. Sec Membrum 
Virile. 
Virilis iEtas. See A3tas Virilis. 
Vi-ril'I-ty. [Viryl'itas, sx'tis; from 
vir'ills, “proper to man.”] Manhood; 
full age. Usually applied to the genera- 
tive power of man. 
Vir'u-lent. [Virulen'tus; fromiu'- 
rus, a “poison.”] Poisonous; malignant. 
Vi'rus.® [From vis, plural vi’res, 
“strength.”] Literally, “poison.” Ap- 
plied to any matter produced by disease, 
and capable of propagating that disease 
by inoculation or contagion. 
Vis,® plural Vi res. A Latin word 
signifying “force,” or “power.” 
Vis a, Yer'go.® Literally, “force 
from behind.” Any impelling power. 
Vis For-sna-ti'va.® (“ Formative 
Power.”) The formative power or in- 
fluence which is supposed to preside over 
the nourishment and growth of the body, 
and the performance of its various func- 
tions. 
Vis Inert See® (in-er'she-e). (“Force 
of Inertia.”) See Inertia. 
Vis MdMs-a’trix (or I'mi-ser-va'- 
trix) Sfa-tu'rse.® The healing or pre- 
serving power of nature. 
Vis MoFtn-a.* (“Dead Force.”) 
That property by which a muscle con- 
tracts after the death of the animal to 
which it belongs-, or after it has been cut 
from a living body. 
Vis Jfcr've-ft.® (“Nervous Force or 
Power.”) The name given by Haller to- 
that power in the muscular fibre which 
enables it to receive impressions con- 
veyed to it by the nerves. 
Vis Vi'ta?,® or Vis Yi-ta'Hs.® Vital 
power or force. See Irritability. 
the plural of Vis cars. 
[Viscera'lis; from tuV- 
cu8, vis'ceris, a “bowel.”] Belonging to 
the viscera. See Splanchnic. 
Viscid. [Yis'cidus; from vis1 cum, 
“ birdlime.”] Clammy, gluey, adhesive. 
Vis-cos'i-ty. [Vis- 
cid'itas, n't is, or Viseos'itas, a 7 is; 
from the same.] The property of ad. 
hesiveness; stickiness or clamminess. 
Vis'coid. [Viseoi'des; from via'cum, 
the “mistletoe,” and eu'oj, a “form.”] 
Resembling the mistletoe. 
Vis'cous. [Visco'sus; from vis'cum, 
“birdlime.”] Very glutinous; adhesive; 
sticky. 
Vis'cns,® or Vis'enm.® [Gr. i'fa, or 
iEol. Jfto-Kor.] The £ruit of the mistletoe, 
or Viscxim album. A Linnman genus of 
the class Dioecia, natural order Loran- 
thaccm. 
Vis'eiis Qner'cus,* or Vfs'ouni 
Al'buin.* The mistletoe, a parasitical 
plant growing on the oak, and other 
trees. 
V is'cus, cn«,*' plural Vls'ye-ra. Any 
large organ contained in the splanchnic 
cavities, such as the lungs, liver, spleen, 
etc. In the plural, it signifies entrails. 
VI'sion. [Yi'sus and Vi'sio. o'nis/ 
from vi'dco, vi'sum, to “see.”] (Fr. Vue, 
vtt.) Sight; the faculty of seeing; the 
act of seeing; also, something which is 
the object of sight; an apparition. In 
the act or process of vision, the lens of 
the eye casts an image upon the retina 
similar to that thrown upon the screen 
of a camera obscura. From the retina 
the impression is conveyed by the optic 
nerve to the brain. 
Vision, Defective,. or» Depraved. 
See Dysopsia. 
Vision, Distorted. See Metamor- 
PHOPSIA. 
Vision, Double. See Diplopia. 
Vision, Single. See Monoblepsis. 
Vision, Treble. See Triplopia. 
Visual, vizh'u-al. Pertaining to, or 
used in, vision. 
Visual Angle, in Optics, is the 
angle under which an object is seen, or 
the angle formed at the eye by the rays 
of light coining from the extremities of 
an object. 
Yis'nal Rays. The lines of light 
coming from an object to the eye. 
Visits. See Vision. 
Vi'sns Trip'lev.® (“ Triple Vision.”) 
The same as Triplopia, which see. 
Vi'ta.® [From /him;, “ life,” or “means 
of living.”] The state of existence or 
being; life. See Life. 
Vi'ta I*ro'i>ri-a.® Sometimes used 
as synonymous with Irritability. See 
Nisus Formativus. 
Yitacese,® vi-ta'ehe-e, or Yi'tes.®' 
A natural order of exogenous plants- 
(climbing shrubs), natives of the milder 
and hotter parts of both hemispheres. 
598 The most important genus of this order 
is the Vi'tis (Grape-vine). 
Vi'tal. [Vita'lis; from vi'ta, “life.”] 
Belonging or essential to life. 
Vi'tal Air. A name for oxygen gas. 
Vital Functions. See Functions. 
Vi'tal Prin'cl-ple. [Princip'ium 
Vi'ta;.] That on which life depends; 
the unknown cause of life. 
Vi-tal'I-ty. [From vi'ta, “life.”] The 
principle of life; vital action, or vital 
power. 
Vi'ta-lize. [From vi'ta, “life.”] To 
animate; to endow with life. 
Vi'tals. [Vita'lia.] A term applied 
to the heart, lungs, brain, etc. 
Vi-tel-Iif 'cr-ous. [Vitellif'erus; 
from vitel'lus, and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Provided with a vitellus. Applied to cer- 
tain plants. 
Vi-tollo-Iu-t cs'ti-nal Duct. [From 
vitel'lus.] A wide duct by means of 
which the nutritive substance of the 
yolk enters the alimentary canal for the 
nutrition of the embryo. 
Vi-tcl'lus.® [From vi'ta, “life.”] 
The yelk or yolk of the bird’s egg; also, 
the yelk or yolk of the ovum, afterwards 
to become the Vesical a nmbilicalis. In 
Botany, the thickened embryo-sac per- 
sistent in the seed, as in Sauru'rus. 
Vi'tes,® the plural of Vi'tis, forming 
the .Jussieuan name of an order of plants. 
See Vitace.e. 
Vi tin ion formationis,® vish'e-a 
kon-for-ma-she-o'nis. (“Faults or De- 
fects of Conformation.”) A term signi- 
fying malformations. 
Vit-i-li'&'o, inis.® A skin-disease in 
which there are smooth, white, glisten- 
ing tubercles about the ears, neck, or 
face, or over the whole body, mingled 
with shining papid'e. Also, a name for 
leprosy. 
Vl-til'I-goid. [Vitiligoi'des; from 
vitili'go, and ste'o;, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling vitiligo. 
Vi'tis.® A Linnaean genus of the 
class Pentandria, natural order Vita- 
c ete. 
Vi'tis Vi-11 if'e-ra.® (“Wine-bear- 
ing Vine.”) The systematic name of 
the common Vine of Europe. 
Vit. ©v. Sol. See V. 0. S. 
Vit're-ous. [Vit'reus; from vi’trnm, 
“glass.”] Of, or pertaining to, glass; 
glassy; hyaline. 
Vit'rc-ous Ilu’nior [Hu'mor Vit'- 
reus]; called, also, Cor'pus Vit're-um* 
(“Vitreous Body”). The name applied 
to +he transparent gelatinous substance 
VIT 
VIV 
which fills the back part of the eye be- 
hind the crystalline lens. 
Vit-ri-fac'tion. The same as Vitri- 
fication. 
Vit-rl-f l-ca'tion. [Vitrifica'tio, 
o'nis; from vi'trnm, “glass,” and fa'cio, 
to “make.”] The act or process of vit- 
rifying, or converting into glass. 
Vit'rl-ol. [Vitri’olum; from vi'- 
trnm, “glass.”] A term applied to the 
sulphates of iron, copper, zinc, accord- 
ing to their respective color, as green, 
blue, and white vitriol; named from 
their glass-like appearance. Also, a 
popular term for sulphuric acid. 
Vit'riol, Ac'id of. Suljdxuric or 
vitriolic acid. 
Vit'riol, Blue. [Vitri'olum Oe- 
ru’Ieum.] The sulphate of copper. 
See Cupni Sulphas. 
Vit'riol, CJreen. [Vitri'olum Vir'- 
ide.] The sulphate of iron ; copperas. 
Vit'riol, Oil of. An old name for 
sulphuric acid, given because it was for- 
merly obtained by distillation from green 
vitriol (sulphate of iron, or copperas). 
Vit'riol, White. [Vitri'olum Al'- 
bum.] The common term for sulphate 
of zinc. See Zinci Sulphas. 
Vit-rl-ol'ic A$'id. Sulphuric acid. 
Vitriolum. See Vitriol. 
Vit-ro'sus.® [From vi'trnm, “glass.”] 
The same as Vitreous, which see. 
Vi'trnm.* A Latin word signifying 
“ glass.” 
Vi'trnm An-ti-mo'ni-i.® (“Glass 
of Antimony.”) A reddish-brown-colored 
glass obtained by first calcining anti- 
mony and then melting it in a crucible. 
It is employed in preparing tartarized 
antimony. 
Vivian i aceae,* viv-e-an-e-a'she-e. 
[From Vivia'nia, one of the genera.] 
A small natural order of exogenous 
plants, natives of Brazil and Chili. 
Vl-vip'a-rous. [Vivip'arus; from 
vi'vtts, “ alive,” and pa'rio, to “ bring 
forth.”] Bringing forth young alive. In 
Botany, germinating from the seed, or 
sprouting from a bulb, etc., while still 
attached to the parent plant. 
Viv-I-pa'tion. [Vivipa'tio, o'nis; 
from the same.] A term applied to the 
mode of generation which consists in 
the ovum, when separated from the ovary, 
becoming attached to the maternal or- 
gans, and deriving its nourishment from 
them until birth. Otherwise termed vi- 
viparous generation. 
Viv-I-sec'tion. [Viviscc'tio, o'nis; 
from vi'vus, “alive,” and se'co, sec'turn, 
599 voc 
VOM 
to “cut.”] The cruel practice of cutting 
into or dissecting living animals. 
Vo'cal. [Voca'lis; from vox, vo'cis, 
the “ voice.”] Pertaining to the voice, 
or uttered by the voice. 
Vo'cal Chords, or Vo'cal Idg'a- 
ments, The same as Chordae Vocales, 
which see. 
Voehyacese,* vo-ke-a'she-e. [From 
Vo'chya, one of the genera.] A natural 
order of exogenous trees and shrubs, 
found in equinoctial America. 
Voice. [Lat. Vox, Vo'cis; Gr. cjxovri; 
Fr. Voix, vwL] The sound produced in 
the larynx by means of the air which 
passes out of the trachea, 
Vo-lat'ic. [Volat'icus; from vo'lo, 
vola'turn, to “fly.”] Flying; flitting. 
Vol'a-tlle. [Volat'ilis; from the 
same.] Evaporating; flying off; dis- 
posed to pass off by spontaneous evapor- 
ation. 
Volatile Al'ka-li, or Vol atile 
Salt. The same as Ammonia, which see. 
Vol-a-til'l-ty. [Volatil'itas, a'tis; 
from volat'ilis, “volatile.”] The state 
of being volatile. That property by 
which certain bodies assume the elastic 
state. 
VoI-a-til-I-za'tion. [Volatiliza'- 
tio, o'nis; from the same.] The trans- 
formation of a solid body into gas or 
vapor. 
Vol-can'ic. Pertaining to a volcano, 
or produced by a volcano. 
Vol-ea'no. [From Vulca'nus, or Vol- 
ca'nus, the god of fire, and of smiths: 
he was supposed to have his workshops 
in volcanic mountains.] A mountain or 
hill having at the top a cup-shaped cavity, 
called a crater, from which issue flames 
of fire, steam, and gases of various kinds, 
and sometimes streams of red-hot lava, 
masses of melted rock, stones, ashes, and 
scoriaj. 
Vo-ll'llon. [From vo'lo, obsolete 
supine vol'itum, to “ will,” to “desire.”] 
The act of willing, or choosing. 
Vol-sel'la.® [From vel'lo, vnl'snm, 
to “pull.”] An instrument for removing 
bodies sticking in the throat; forceps. 
Also spelled Vulsella. 
Vol-ta'ic. Applied to a galvanic ap- 
paratus or battery invented by Volta. 
See Galvanic. 
Vol'ta-ism. [ Volta is'iuus.] Gal- 
vanism, as produced by Volta’s appara- 
tus. See Galvanism. 
Vol-tam'e-ter. [Volt am'drum ; 
from Vol'taism, and pirpov, a “measure.”] 
An instrument for indicating the amount 
of voltaic electricity passing through it 
in a given time. 
Vol'u-ble. [Volu'bilis; from vol'vo, 
volu'tum, to “roll.”] Apt to roll. In 
Botany, turning round spirally; twi- 
ning. 
Vol'uine. [Voln'men. inis; from 
the same.] Originallj’, a roll of manu- 
script, which was the form of ancient 
books. A book or bundle. In Chemis- 
try, the bulk or dimension of gases. The 
space which a fluid occupies is called its 
volume. 
Def'inite Vol'umes. The union of 
gases is always effected in simple pro- 
portions of their volumes: a volume of 
one gas combines with an equal volume, 
or twice, three, four, or five times the 
volume, of another gas, and in no inter- 
mediate proportion. This is called the 
law of definite volumes. 
Vol'un-ta-ry. [From voluntas, the 
“will.”] Relating to the will; sponta- 
neous; acting or moving in obedience to 
the will. 
Vo-lute'. [From vol'vo, volu'tum, to 
“roll.”] Rolled up. Applied to parts 
of plants. 
Vol'va.* [From the same.] The 
membranous cover or wrapper enclosing 
a young fungus. 
Vol'vate. [Volva'tus.] Provided 
with a volva. 
Vol'vu-lns.* [From vol'vo, to “roll.”] 
The same as Ileac Passion, which see. 
Vo'mer, eris.* A “ploughshare.” 
Applied to a small thin bone in the median 
line, forming the posterior and principal 
portion of the septum narium. 
Vom'I-ca,® plural Vom [From 
vo'mo, to “ vomit or expectorate.”] Ab- 
scess of the lungs; resolution of tu- 
bercles. 
Vom'i-eus.* [From the same.] Per- 
taining to, or causing, vomiting. 
Vomiquier, vo’mAkeA/. The French 
name for Strychnos, which see. 
Vomissemont. See Vomiting. 
Vom'it. [Vom'itus; from vo'mo, 
rom'itum, to “vomit.”] An emetic draught 
or powder; also, the matter rejected by 
vomiting. See Emetic, and Vomiting. 
Vomit-Mig. [Vomi'tio, from 
the same.] (Fr. Voinissemenl, vo’m&ss’ - 
in on0'. ) The forcible ejection of the 
contents of the stomach through the 
oesophagus and mouth; vomition; em- 
esis. 
Vomiting of Blood. See II^sma- 
temesis. 
Vomition. See Vomiting. 
600 Vomito Siigro, vom'e-to nee'gRo. 
(“ Black Vomit.”) A Spanish name for 
yellow fever. 
Voin-i-to'rl-a.* [See next article.] 
Emetics; agents which produce vomit- 
ing. 
Vom'I-to-rjf. [Vomito'rius; from 
vo'ino, vom'itum, to “vomit.”] Causing 
vomiting; emetic. See Emetic. 
Vomitnritio,® vom-e-tu-rish'e-o. 
[From the same.] Retching; an in- 
effectual effort to vomit. 
Yoni'l-tiis Cru-en'tns.* (“Bloody 
Vomit.”) See Hasmatemesis. 
Vo-ra'cious. [Vo'rax, a'cis; from 
vo'ro, to “devour.”] Devouring; rave- 
nous; extremely hungry. 
Voracious Appetite. See Vo- 
racity. 
Vo-rac'I-tjr, or Vo-ra'cious-ness. 
[From vo'ro, to “devour.”] Greediness 
for food. Also, the disease termed Bn 
hmin. See Aiidephagia. 
Vor'tex,* plural Vor'tl-cesi. [From 
ver'to, to “turn.”] A Latin word signi 
fying a “whirlpool.” In the Cartesian 
philosophy, vortex signifies a collection 
of material particles forming a fluid or 
ether, endowed with a rapid rotary motion 
about an axis. 
Vor'tl-ceSs,® the plural of Vortex. 
V. O. S., or Vit. Ov. Sol. = V it el’to 
orvi solu'tm.* “Dissolved in the yolk 
of an egg.” 
Vox. See Voice. 
Vox (literally, “voice 
cut off”). Loss of voice. 
Vox ('holerica. See Cholerophone. 
V. S. = Venreaec'tio.* “ Venesection.” 
Vue, vii. The French term for Vision, 
which see. 
Vulcanization. See Vulcanizing. 
Vul'ca-nlz-er. A name for the steam 
apparatus used in vulcanizing. 
VOM 
Vul'ea-niz-ing'. [From Vul'can, 
the god of tire.] A process by which 
caoutchouc and some other substances 
combined with sulphur, and exposed to 
the action of steam at a high tempera- 
ture, are rendered hard and elastic like 
horn. 
Vul-ne-ra'ri-a A'qna.* (“Vulne- 
rary Water.”) A water or lotion which 
promotes the healing of wounds. See 
Arqukbusade, Eau d\ 
Vnl'iie-ra-ry. [Yulncra'rius; 
from vul'nus, viil'neris, a “wound.”] Be- 
longing to wounds. Applied to medi- 
cines which are supposed to favor the 
healing of wounds. 
Vul'pis Jlor'bus.* (“Fox Disease.”) 
A name for Alopecia, which see. 
Vul'tus,* anciently written Yol'tus. 
[From vol'itum, the old supine of ro'lo, 
to “will;” because the expression of the 
countenance indicates the wish or will.] 
A Latin word signifying the “counte- 
nance, look, or face.” 
Ylil'va,* anciently written Vul va. 
[From vol'vo, to “roll or wrap up.”] Ori- 
ginally, “that which is wrapped round 
any thing;” hence, the “ womb ;” now ap- 
plied to the fissure in the external parts 
of generation in the female, extending 
from the monsVen'erig to the perinaoum. 
Yul'va Cer'e-fori.* A small aper- 
ture of the brain forming the part by 
which the three ventricles communi- 
cate. 
Vul*vl'tis, idie.* Inflammation of 
the vulva. 
Vulvi'tis Blen-iior-rliajf'l-ca.* A 
muco-purulent discharge from the mu- 
cous membrane of the vulva. See Blen- 
NORRHAGIA. 
Y’ul'vo-Vag'I-nal Calami. A small 
gland at each side of the junction of 
the vulva with the vagina. 
WAT 
w. 
Wacke, wak, or wak'eh. (German.) 
A modification of basalt. 
Wadd, wod. A name sometimes ap- 
plied to the ores of manganese; and also 
to plumbago. 
Wakefulness. See Agrypnia. 
Warin-Blood eil. A term applied 
to mammals and birds which have a two- 
fold circulation, systemic and pulmonic. 
See Diplo-Cardiac. 
Wart. See Verruca. 
Warty. See Verrucose. 
Wash. See Lotion. 
WTash, Black. See Black Wash. 
Wast ing. [From van'to, to “waste,” 
or “destroy”?] See Consumption, Ema- 
ciation, and Tabes. 
Watchfulness. See Agrypnia. 
Watching:. See Pervigilium. 
Water. See Aqua. 
WTater-Beti, Arnott's. Sec Hydro- 
static Bed. 
Wa'ter-Brash. The common name 
for Pyrosis, which see. 
601 WAT 
WIL 
Wa'ter-Cure. The system of medical 
treatment termed Hydropathy, which 
see. 
Water, Distilled. See Aqua De- 
STILLATA. 
Wa'ter-Dock. The Ru' mex aquat'i- 
CU8 or It. Britan'nica hydrolap'athum. 
Water of Crys-tal-li-za'tion. 
The water which combines with salts in 
the act of crystallizing. 
Waters, Distilled. See Aqua: Stil- 
LATITIAJ. 
Waters, Green. See Green Waters. 
Waters, Mineral. See Aqua: Mine- 
rales. 
Waters, The. The Liquor amnii. 
See Primitia:. 
Wa'ter-spout. A very remarkable 
meteorological phenomenon observed for 
the most part at sea, but sometimes also 
on shore, though generally near the 
ocean. Its general appearance may be 
described as follows: from a dense cloud 
a conical pillar, which appears to con- 
sist of condensed vapor, is seen to de- 
scend with the apex downwards. When 
over the sea, there are usually two 
cones,—one projecting from the cloud, 
and the other from the water below it. 
These sometimes unite, and the junction, 
has been observed to be accompanied by 
a flash of lightning. 
Wa'ter-Tomes. A name for pyrosis. 
Waved. See Undulate. 
Wax. A name applied to various 
substances. (See Cera, and Cerumen.) 
Vegetable wax is a ternary product of 
vegetation, occurring as an excretion on 
the surface of leaves and fruits, forming 
the bloom or glaucous surface which re- 
pels water. 
Wax-Ker'nels. The popular name 
for irritated submaxillary glands. 
Weaning. See Ablactation. 
Wedge-Shaped. See Cuneiform. 
Weld. A name for Reseda Luteola, 
which see. 
Weld'ing. The act of uniting metals 
by the hammer at a temperature below 
fusion. Iron (or steel) and platinum are 
said to be the only metals which can be 
welded. 
Wen. [Tiu'pia?] An encysted tu- 
mor. 
Whartonian Duct. See Duct op 
Wharton. 
Wheal. An elevation of the skin, as 
if produced by a stroke from a cane. See 
Wiielk. 
Wheat. The seeds of the Trit'icum 
hyber'num. 
Wheel-Shaped. See Rotate, and 
Trochoid. 
Wheezing:. See Cerchnus, and 
Rhonchus. 
Whelk. Similar to wheal; also ap- 
plied to a small tubercle usually situated 
on tha face, otherwise called Ionthus, 
which see. 
Whey hwa. [Se'rum I.ac'tis.] The 
fluid part of milk which remains after 
the separation of the curd. 
W'hishey. See Spiritus Frumenti. 
White <> inn. The /Strophulus albi- 
dus. 
White lead. See Ceruse, and 
Plumbi Cahbonas. 
White leg;. The common name for 
Phlegmatia Rolens. 
White Pre-cip'I-tate. The Hy- 
drar'gyrum ammonia'turn of the United 
States and British Pharmacopoeias, other- 
wise called Hydrargyrum prtecipita'turn 
al'bum (“White Precipitated Mercury”), 
and Submu'rias hydrar'gyri ammonia'ta 
(“Ammoniated Submuriate of Mer- 
cury”). Used as an external application 
in psora and other cutaneous affections. 
White Swell ing;. A common name 
for Hydrarthrus, which see. 
White Vit'rl-ol. The sulphate of 
zinc. See Zinci Sulphas. 
Whi'tcu-iug. See Blanching. The 
carbonate of lime. See Chalk. 
Whites. The popular name for Leu- 
corrhiea, which see. 
Whitlow'. See Onychia, and Pa- 
ronychia. 
Whooping-Cough. See Pertus- 
sis. 
Wliorl. See Verticil. 
Whorlcd. Disposed in whorls; ver- 
ticillate. 
Wild. In Botany, growing sponta- 
neously; uncultivated. 
Wild Cherry. See Prunus Virgi- 
NIANA. 
Wild Cucumber. See Momordica 
Elaterium. 
Wild'fire-Rash. See Strophulus 
Yolaticus. 
Wil'lis, Chords of. [Chor dae 
WTillis'ii.] Small, white, fibrous bands 
which in many places cross the superior 
longitudinal sinus of the brain. 
Wil'lis, Circle of. [Cir'culus 
Willis'ii.] See Circulus. 
Will-o’-the-Wisp. See Ignis-Fa- 
tuus. 
Willow. See Salix. 
Willow, Crack. See Salix Fragi- 
LIS. 
602 WOR 
Willow. WTiite. See Sat.ix Alba. 
Wind. See Flatulence. 
W ind-Blnst. See Coup deVent. 
Wind Rrop'sy. A name sometimes 
applied to Emphysema, which see. 
W ind pipe. The trachea. 
Wine. [Vi'num.] Properly, the fer- 
mented juice of the grape, or of fruits 
the juice of which resembles that of the 
grape. All products of spirituous fer- 
mentation are sometimes denominated 
wines. 
Wine-Madness. See (Exomaxia. 
Wing. In Botany, any membranous 
expansion. See Ala, Penna, and Pinna. 
Winged. See Alate, and Pinnate. 
Wing-like Bones. See Alaria 
Ossa. 
Wing-tike Veins. See Alares 
Vkn.k. 
Wing-Shaped. See Aliform, Ala- 
ris, and Pterygoides. 
Wins'Iow, Fo-ra'men of. [Fora'- 
mcn W’inslo'vii.] A somewhat oval 
opening, through which the cavity of the 
omentum communicates with the general 
peritomcal cavity. 
Wins low, Lig’a-inent of. The 
external process of the tendon of the 
semimembranosus muscle. 
Winslow. Pos-te'ri-or Rig'a- 
ment of. Irregular hands passing ob- 
liquely over the hack part of the capsu- 
lar ligament of the knee-joint. 
Win-te'ra.® [Named from Captain 
Winter.] A Linnman genus of the class 
Polyandria, natural order Ma yn oliace.se. 
Winte'ra Ar-o-mat'i-ca.® The 
former name of the Dri'mys aromat'ica, 
or Dri'mys White'ri, from which Winter’s 
bark is procured. See Winter’s Bark. 
W in-te-ra na Ca-nel'la.* A name 
for Canella alba. 
Winteranus Cortex. See Winter’s 
Bark. 
Win'ter-Green. The common name 
for the Chimaph'ila umbella'ta; other- 
wise called Pyr'ola umbella'ta, and Gaul- 
the'ria procum'bens. 
Win ter's Bark. [Wintera'nus 
Cor'tex.] The hark of the Dri'mys 
aromat'ica, or Dri'mys White'ri; formerly 
termed Winte'ra aromat'ica. It is a stimu- 
larft aromatic tonic. 
Wirt'sning, ISnct of. A name for 
the pancreatic duct. 
See Dentes Sapi- 
ential 
Withering;. See Marcescent. 
W'oad. A name for Isatis tinctoria, 
a plant formerly used to dye blue. 
WIL 
W'olf'fi-an Bodies. [Cor'pora 
Woltliana. or Corpus AVoiflia- 
mini in the singular.] The name given 
to certain bodies found in the renal 
region of the foetus previous to the for- 
mation of the kidneys, the function of 
which they are supposed to fulfil during 
the early period of foetal existence. They 
disappear about the ninth or tenth week 
of utero-gestation. They were first dis- 
covered in fowl and described by Wolff, 
whence their name. 
Wolf’s Bane. See Aconitum Na- 
PELLUS. 
W omb. See Uterus ; also, Hystera, 
Matrix, and Metra. 
Womb. Inflammation of. See 
Hysteritis, Metritis, and Uteritis. 
Womb, Inflammation of the 
Billing; Membrane of See Endo- 
metritis, and Endo-Uteritis. 
Womb-Passage. See Vagina. 
Womb, Retroflexion of. See Re- 
troflexio Uteri. 
Womb, Retroversion of. See 
Retrovehsio Uteri. 
Wood. [figniim.] The hard 
fibrous substance of which trunks and 
branches of trees are chiefly composed. 
See Sap-Wood, and Duramen. 
Wood-Kor'rel. A common name of 
the Oxalis Acktosei.ua, which see. 
Woody Nightshade. The Sola'- 
num diilcama'ra. 
Wrood'y Tis'sue, or Wood'y Fi'- 
bre. A modification of cellular tissue, 
consisting of slender, transparent, mem- 
branous tubes, tapering acutely to each 
end, which is closed so that they have no 
direct communication with each other. 
Woody tissue constitutes a large part of 
trees and shrubs. It is also called Pleu- 
ren'chyma. 
Woo-ra'ra.® A very powerful poi- 
son obtained from Guiana. Written also 
Curare, which see. 
Wor'mi-i, ©s'sa* (“Bones of Wor- 
mius”), or ©s'sa Tri-qne'tra.® Names 
applied to small triangular portions of 
bone which are often found in the lamb- 
doid, and sometimes one in the squamous, 
suture; first pointed out by Wormius. 
Worms. See Vermis. 
Worm'seeil. See Chexopodium An- 
thelminticum. Also applied to Arte- 
m is in santouica. 
Worm'seed, Tar-ta'ri-an. A name 
for the seeds of Artemisin santouica. 
Worin'woed. The common name 
of Artemisia absinthium. Its properties 
are tonic and anthelmintic. 
603 WOR 
XAX 
Wort. An infusion of malt. It has 
been recommended as a remedy in 
scurvy. 
Wound. [Vul nils, erts.] A solu- 
tion of continuity in any of the soft parts 
of the body, caused by external violence: 
it may be contused, incised, lacerated, 
2>nnctured, or poisoned. 
Contused' AVounds. [Vul'nera Con- 
/it'*«.] Those made by a violent blow 
from some blunt instrument or sur- 
face. 
Gun'shot Wounds. [ Vul'nera Sclope- 
ta'ria.] Those caused by metallic or 
stony bodies projected from firearms. 
Incised'Wounds. [Vul'nera Inci'sa.] 
Those made by a simple division of 
the fibres by a sharp cutting instrument, 
without contusion or laceration. 
Lac'erated Wounds. [ Vul’nera Lay’- 
era.\ Those in which the fibres, instead 
of being divided by a cutting instrument, 
have been torn asunder by violence, the 
edges being jagged and irregular. 
Punc'tured Wounds. [ Vul'nera Punc- 
ta’ta.’] Those made by a pointed instru- 
ment, as a needle, thorn, or bayonet. 
Wrapper. See Volva. 
Wrinkled. See Rugose. 
Wrisherjf (ris'beitg, or vris'berg), 
Xcrves of. The cutaneous nerves of 
the arm, derived from the second and 
third dorsal nerves; first particularized 
by Wrisberg. 
Wrist, rist. [Lat. Car'pus; Gr. 
KapKog- Fr. Poignet, pw&n’yd', and Carpe, 
kanp.] The part which connects the 
forearm with the hand. It includes 
eight bones arranged in two transverse 
rows', four in each row. 
Wrist '-Drop. Paralysis of the ex- 
tensor muscles of the hands from the 
poisonous local action of lead, in con- 
sequence of which the hand and wrist 
cannot be supported ; whence the name. 
Wry Xeck. [Torticol lis.] An 
involuntary fixed inclination of the head 
towards one of the shoulders. 
X. 
(X at the beginning of a word is 
always to be sounded like Z.) 
Xau-tliein'a-tin. [Xantlisemati'- 
xia; from \aM;, “yellow,” and hsemati.'- 
na, the coloring matter of logwood.] 
A yellow, bitter substance obtained by 
dissolving hmmatin in weak nitric acid. 
Xan'thic. [Xan'tliiciis; from 
£ny&)j, “yellow.”] Belonging to a yellow 
color; yellowish. 
Xan'thic Ox'Ide. Another name 
for uric oxide, a yellowish substance 
sometimes found in the urine. 
Xan'thin. [Xanthi'na; from (iw- 
06;, “yellow.”] A peculiar organic sub- 
stance sometimes forming a species of 
urinary calculus; also called xanthic, or 
uric, oxide, and urinous acid. Also ap- 
plied to the coloring matter of madder. 
Xan-tlio-car'pous. [Xanthocar- 
pns; from %ai/06;, “yellow,” and Kapzds, 
“fruit.”] Having yellow fruit. 
Xan-tho-seph'a-lus.* [From lav- 
06;, “yellow,” and KC<j>a\h, a “head.”] 
Applied to a mushroom the capitulum of 
which is yellow ; also, as a specific name 
to animals having a yellow head. 
Xan' tho-don, on'/is.* [From %av- 
06;, “yellow,” and iSov;, a “tooth.”] 
Having yellow teeth ; xanthodon'tous. 
Xan'tIio-£cn. [Xanthog-e'nium; 
from Jai/ftk, “yellow,” and ytwaa>, to 
“produce.”] A variety of the coloring 
matter of vegetables, producing a yellow 
color with alkalies. 
Xan'tho-phyll. [ Vanthoplivl'- 
luill; from “ yellow,” and <jyvXk>v, 
a “ plant.”] The yellow coloring matter 
of plants. 
Xan-thor-rhi'za.* (“Yellow- 
Root.”) The Pharmacopoeial name 
(U.S. Ph.) for the root of the Xanthor- 
rhiza apiifolia. It is a bitter tonic. 
Xan-tiio'sis.* [From \av06;, “yel- 
low.”] A coloring matter or yellow 
pigment found in cancer, in irregular 
spots of small extent, presenting some- 
times a saffron, at others an orange, 
tint. 
Xanthoxylaceay'5 zan-thox-i-la'- 
she-e. [From Xanthox'ylum, one of the 
genera.] A natural order of exogenous 
trees and shrubs, found in India, China, 
and in the temperate and tropical parts 
of America. The species are nearly all 
aromatic and pungent. 
Xan-thox'y-Ium.* Prickly Ash. 
The Pharmacopoeial name (U.S. Ph.) for 
the bark of the Xanthox'ylum fraxin' etnn. 
It is a stimulant, somewhat resembling 
guaiac and mezereon in its operation, 
and, like them, is frequently used as a 
remedy in rheumatic affections. 
Xaii'thu-ret. [Xantlmre'tuin; 
604 XER 
YUC 
from fai'fldf, “yellow.”] A combination 
of xanthogen with a metal. 
Xbr-o-der ma. atis.* [From inp'k, 
“dry,” and iepya, the “skin.”] A dry- 
ness and harshness of the skin, the con- 
sequence of diminished function of the 
sebiparous glands. 
Xer-oph-thal'ml-a.* [From Inpk, 
“dry,” and 6-J>0a\yi5j, the “eye.”] An 
inflammation of the eye without dis- 
charge. 
Xi'phoid. [Xijslioi des; from 
ffy-os, a “sword.”] Resembling a sword; 
ensiform. 
Xi'phoidCar'ti-lage. [t'artila'go 
Xiplioi'dos.] A cartilaginous epiphy- 
sis forming the termination of the infe- 
rior extremity of the sternum; the ensi- 
form cartilage. 
Xi*phoi'di-aii. [Xipkoidia'uus; 
from xiphoi'des cartila'go.] Of, or be- 
longing to, the xiphoid cartilage. 
Xy-lo-car'pons. [Xylocar'pus; 
from or, “wood,” and safmo;, “fruit.”] 
Having woody fruit. 
Xy-Iogra-pliy. [From (£Aov,“ wood,” 
and ypu$«, to “ write,” or “ engrave.”] 
The art of engraving on wood. 
Xy'loid. [Xyloi'des; from |aW, 
“wood,” and eliog, a “form.”] Resem- 
bling wood. See Ligniform. 
Xy-Ioi'din. [Xyloidi'na; from 
the same.] A substance produced by the 
action of nitric acid upon starch: so 
named because partaking slightly of the 
properties of wood. 
Xy>loph'i-lous. [Xy loph'ilus; 
from \v\or, “wood,” and to “love.”] 
Growing upon, or living in, decayed 
wood. Applied to plants and insects. 
Y. 
Yam. The esculent root or tuber of 
several species of Diosco'rea, a plant 
which grows in the East and West 
Indies. The Yam forms an important 
article of food. 
Yarrow. See Achillea Millefo- 
lium. 
Yava (y&'va) Skin. A name given 
to Elephantiasis Arabian, from its being 
supposed to originate from drinking the 
beverage called yava. See Elephan- 
tiasis. 
Yawning;. See Pandiculation. 
Yaws. The disease termed frambcesia. 
Yeast, See Fekmentum Cerevisias. 
Yeast'-PIant. Tor'ula Cerevis'ite. 
A microscopic fungous plant which is 
supposed to contribute to the process of 
fermentation. 
Yelk. [Vitel'lus.] The yellow 
granular mass in the eggs of birds; 
also, the corresponding, and strictly 
analogous, portion of the ovum of mam- 
mals; also called yolk. 
Yellow. See Flavus. 
Yel'low Fe'ver. (Fr. Fierce Jaune, 
fe-ivR' [or fe-evR'] zhon.) A remittent 
fever, with yellow skin from disorder of 
the hepatic system; termed also Ty'phus 
ictero'des, and Syn’ochusictero'des, Bulam 
fever, Vom'ito ni'gro, etc. 
Yel'low Wash. A lotion formed of 
two grains of oxymuriate of mercury to 
an ounce of lime-water. 
Yest. See Yeast, or Fermentum. 
Yeuk. The same as Youk. 
Yoked. See Conjugate. 
Yolk. See Yelk. 
Youk. Popular (Scotch) term for 
Scabies; also called, in some districts, 
Yuck. 
Youth, yooth. [A contraction of 
youngth, the “quality or state of being 
young,” as Truth signifies the “quality 
of being true.”] Usually employed in 
the same sense as adolescence. See 
Yt'tri-a.* [From Ytterby, in Swe- 
den.] One of the primitive earths. 
Yt'tric. [Yt'tricus.] Belonging 
to yttrium. 
Yt'trl-co-Aiu-mon'I-cus,* Yt'trl- 
t*o-Po-tas'sl-cns.5 Applied to combi- 
nations of an yttric salt with a salt of 
ammonia and potassa. 
Yt-trlf'er-ous. [Yttrif'crus; from 
yt'tria, and fe'ro, to “ bear.”] Contain- 
ing yttria. 
Yt'tri-uin.® The metallic base of 
yttria,—so named because it was discov- 
ered at Ytterby, in Sweden. It is of a 
dark-gray color. 
Yu'ca. The name of a South Ameri- 
can plant from which the natives prepare 
an intoxicating beverage. 
605 ZAM 
ZIZ 
z. 
te nii-a.* A cycadaceous West In- 
dian plant, which yields a sort of arrow- 
root. 
Zanthic Oxide. See Xanthic Oxide. 
Zautbin. See Xanthin. 
Ze'a Mays.* The systematic name 
of the maize, or Indian corn, a plant 
of the Linnaean class JiJoncecia, natural 
order Graminacex. It is a native of 
America. 
Zed'o-a-ry. A name given to the 
roots or tubers of Kxmpfe'ria rotun'da, 
or Curcu'ma aromat'ica. They are stimu- 
lant and carminative. 
Ze'nith. (From the Arabic.) That 
point in the heavens directly over our 
heads, and opposed to the nadir. 
Ze'ro. [Italian, zero, dza'ro, a “ci- 
pher,” or “naught.”] A term generally 
used in reference to the thermometer, 
implying the point at which the gradua- 
tion commences. The zero of Reaumur’s 
and the Centigrade thermometer is the 
freezing point of water. The zero of 
Fahrenheit is 32° below the point at 
which water freezes. 
Ze-rum'bet, Cas-sn-mu'niar. An 
aromatic, bitter East Indian root, having 
tonic and stimulant properties, and simi- 
lar to ginger. 
Zigzag. See Flexuous. 
Zinc, Chloride of. See Zinci Chlo- 
BIDUM. 
Zinc, Sulphate of. See Zinci Sul- 
phas. 
Zin\*i far-bo'nas* ('“Carbonate of 
Zinc”); also called Cal-a-ini'na,*and 
Cal'a-mme. It is used externally in 
the form of a powder or cerate applied to 
excoriations. 
Chlo'rl-dnm.* (“ Chloride of 
Zinc.”) A white, deliquescent salt. It is 
antiseptic and powerfully escharotic. 
Zinci Ox'I-dum.* (“Oxide of 
Zinc.”) A yellowish-white powder used 
as a tonic and antispasmodic. 
Zin'<;i Sul'phas.* (“Sulphate of 
Zinc.”) The Pharmacopoeial name || for 
a substance in colorless crystals which 
effloresce on exposure to the air. It is 
emetic, tonic, and antispasmodic. It is 
sometimes called White Yitriol. 
Zin'cic. [Zin'cieus.] Belonging 
to zinc. 
Ziii-<,*if'er-ous. [Zineif eras: from 
zin'cum, “zinc,” and fe’ro, to “bear.”] 
Containing zinc. 
Zin'eoid. [Zincoi'des; from zin'- 
cum, “zinc,” and ciSoi, a “form.”] Re- 
sembling zinc. A term applied to the 
platinum (or other metallic) plate which 
is in connection with a copper plate in 
the voltaic circle, and denoting the posi- 
tive pole or positive electrode. The pla- 
tinum plate is called zincoid, because it 
takes the place of the zinc in the voltaic 
circle. 
Zin'cum.* Zinc. The Pharmaco- 
poeial name for a bluish-white metal hav- 
ing the specific gravity 6.8. It is malle- 
able and ductile when its temperature is 
between 220° and 320°. After having 
been superficially oxidized, it long resists 
the further action of air and water. In 
commerce it is often called spelter. 
Zin'gl-ber,* gen. Zin-gib'e-ris. 
[Gr. or $iyyi6ep.] A Linnaean 
genus of the class Monandria, natural 
order Zingiberaccx. Also, the Pharma- 
copceial name for the root of the Zingiber 
officinale. It is a grateful stimulant and 
carminative. 
Zin'giber Of-fi£-I-na'l©.* The sys- 
tematic name of the ginger-plant; called, 
also, Amo'mum Zin'giber. 
Zingiberacese,* zin-je-be-ra'she-e. 
A natural order of endogenous herba- 
ceous plants, found within the tropios. 
Several species of this order are valued 
for the aromatic stimulating properties 
of their roots or rhizomes. It includes 
Zin'giber (Ginger), Alpin'ia (Galangale), 
and Curcu'ma, from which turmeric is 
prooured. 
Zinn, Zo'mile of. A little zone on 
the vitreous humor of the eye, for re- 
ceiving the crystalline lens; first par- 
ticularized by Zinn. 
Zir'con. A mineral chiefly composed 
of zirconia and silica, found in the sand 
of the rivers of Ceylon. 
Zir-co'nI-a.* One of the primitive 
earths. 
Zir-co'nI-an. [Zirconia'nus.] Con- 
taining zircon. 
Zir-con'ic. [Zircon'icus.] Be- 
longing to zirconium. 
Zir-co'ni-uni.* The metallic base 
of zirconia. It is obtained in the form 
of a black powder. 
Zi-za'nl-a A-qnat'I-ca.* The sys- 
tematic name of wild rice, an American 
plant of the natural order Graminacex. 
The seeds are used as food. 
606 ZIZ 
zoo 
Ziz'y-phns.* A genus of plants 
from which jujube paste is procured. It 
belongs to the natural order llhamna- 
cese. 
Zo-an-tbro'pl-a.* [From $<nov, an 
“animal,” and iivdporrros, a “man.”] A 
kind of monomania, in ryhich a patient 
imagines that he is an animal. 
Zo'dI-ac. [Zodi'acns; from (',w6iov, 
diminutive of (,mov, an “animal:” so 
named because the groups of stars in it 
were fancied to represent the figures of 
various animals.] An imaginary zone or 
belt surrounding the heavens, extending 
about 8° on each side of the ecliptic, 
and coinciding with the region of the 
heavens within which the apparent mo- 
tions of the sun, moon, and greater 
planets are confined. The zodiac is 
divided into twelve equal parts, called 
signs, designated by the names of the 
constellations, with the places of which 
the signs anciently corresponded. 
Zoi-at'n-ca.® [From C/nov, an “ani- 
mal,” and iarpeia, “medical treatment.”] 
Veterinary art, or veterinary medicine: 
zoiatrics. 
Zo-is'nms.* [From ?<3ov, an “ani- 
mal.”] The process of animal life: 
zo'ism. 
Zom'i-din. [Zomidi'na; from (w- 
p<5f, “broth or juice from meat.”] A con- 
stituent of the extract of flesh. 
Zo'na.* [From favvvgi, to “gird.”] 
A zone or girdle. The shingles; a popu- 
lar term for Herpes zoster. 
Zo'na Pel-lu'ci-da.* (“ Pellucid 
Zone.”) The broad transparent ring 
which surrounds the yelk (or yolk) in 
the centre of the ovum. 
Zone. [Lat. Zo'na; Gr. ?coioj, a 
“girdle,” or “belt.”] In Astronomy, a 
portion of the celestial sphere included 
between two parallel circles. In Geogra- 
phy, the terrestrial zones are the five 
broad spaces or belts into which the sur- 
face of the earth is divided by the two 
tropics and the polar circles: namely, 
the torrid zone, the north and south 
temperate zones, the north frigid zone, 
and the south frigid zone. 
Zo'nule. [Zon'ulus; diminutive of 
zo'na, a “zone.”] A little zone or girdle. 
Zo-o-bi-o-tis'mus.* [From i]cmv, an 
“animal,” and /Hot, “life.”] The condi- 
tion of animals: zoobi'otism. 
Zo-o-eam'bl-um.* [From ?wor, an 
“animal,” and cam'bium, “exchange.”] 
The vital juices of animals, in which the 
blood-cells are formed; the liquor san- 
guinis. 
Zo-o-clieni'I-eal. [Zoocliem'icns.] 
Pertaining to zooehemy. 
Z#-o«h'c-my. [Zooche'mia; from. 
?oW, an “animal,” and che'mia, “chemis' 
try.”] Animal chemistry, or the cherub 
cal analysis of animal substances. 
Zo-og'e-ny. [Koogeu’esis, or Zo* 
oge'nia; from an “animal,” and 
ytwacj, to “generate.”] The generating 
of animals; or the doctrine of the forma- 
tion of animals. 
Zo-o-go-nol'o-gy. [Zoogonol©'- 
gia; from zoogo'nia, “zoogony,” and 
Xdyof, a “discourse.”] The doctrine of 
the origin or development of animal life. 
Zo-og'o-nus.* [See next article.] 
Bearing living young, as opposed to ovi- 
parous. See Viviparous. 
Zo-og'o-ny. [Zoogo'nia; from {,wov, 
an “animal,” and yovrj, “generation.”] 
The bearing or producing of living 
young. 
Zo-og'ra-pliy. [Zoogra'pbia; 
from an “animal,” and ypcupw, to 
“write.”] A description of animals. 
Zo'o-llte. [Zooi'itlms; from C,d>ov, 
an “animal,” and Ai'Oos, a “stone.”] Any 
specimen or part of a fossil or petrified 
animal. 
Zo'o-lith. The same as Zoolite. 
Zoo-li-thif'er-us.* [From zool'i- 
thus, a “zoolite,” and fe'ro, to “bear.”] 
Containing fossil remains of animals. 
Zo-o-Iog'i-cal. Relating to zoology. 
Zo-ol'o-g'isl. One who is versed in 
zoology. 
Zo-ol'o-gy. [Zoolo'g'ia; from 
an “animal,” and Aoyoj, a “discourse.”] 
That branch of Natural History which 
treats of animals, their form, nature, 
and habits; the science of animals. The 
animal kingdom has been divided by 
Cuvier into four sub-kingdoms, or grand 
divisions, viz.1. Vertebra'ta, or Verte- 
brates; 2. Mollus'ca, or Mollusks (other- 
wise called Heteroganglia'ta, from the un- 
symmetrical arrangement of the ganglia, 
or nervous centres); 3. Articula'ta, or 
Articulated Animals, including insects, 
crustaceans, etc.: this division is also 
termed Homoganglia'ta, from the sym- 
metrical arrangement of the ganglia; 
and, 4. Radia’ta, or Radiated Animals, 
including the star-fish, polypi, etc. For a 
more particular notice, see Vertebrata, 
Mollusca, etc. 
Zo'on.* [Gr. or • from ?<ko, to “ live.”] 
A word signifying an “animal,” a “liv- 
ing being.” 
Zo-on'o-mjf. [Zoono'mia; from 
?coov, an “animal,” and rdgo;, a “law.”] 
607 The science which treats of the laws of 
animal organio life, or the laws which 
govern the organic actions of animals. 
Zo-oplia-;;oiis. [Zooi>li'si$tus; 
from an “ animal,” and </)dya>, to 
“eat.”] Living on animal food; car- 
nivorous. 
Zo'o-phyte. [Zooph'ytum; from 
$wor, an “animal,” and (pvrov, a “plant.”] 
An animal plant, or body apparently 
intermediate between an animal and vege- 
table, being supposed to partake of the 
nature of both, but incorrectly. This 
term was applied by Cuvier to one of the 
primary divisions of animals. 
Zo'o-phy-tog'ra-phjL [Zoopliy- 
togra'phia; from zooph'ytum, a “zoo- 
phyte,” and ypcufiG}, to “ write.”] A de- 
scription of zoophytes. 
Zoo-phy-tol'o-fcy. [Zoophyto- 
lo'g'ia; from zooph'ytum, a “zoophyte,” 
and Adyof, a “discourse.”] A treatise on 
zoophytes; the science of zoophytes. 
Zoo-psy-cholo-sy. [Zoopsy- 
cliolo'gia; from tfiov, an “animal,” 
and psycholo'gia, “psychology.”] The 
doctrine of the existence of mind in 
brute animals. 
Zo'o-spores. [From zo'on, an “ani- 
mal,” and spo'ra, a “spore.”] Applied 
to the spores or spermatozoids of certain 
Algsc, so named because they possess the 
power of spontaneous motion, thus re- 
sembling animals. 
Zo-ot'ic. [Zoot'icus; from ?d>or, an 
“animal.”] Applied to a rock or soil 
containing the debris of organized bodies. 
Zo-ot'o-mist. [See next article.] 
One who dissects animals. 
Zo-ot’o-my. [Zooto'mia; from 
an “animal,” and rqwco, to “cut.”] 
Dissection of the lower animals, as dis- 
tinguished from the dissection of man; 
also, the anatomy of animals. 
Zos'ter, e'ris.* [From to 
“gird.”] A species of erysipelas which 
extends round the body, like a zone or 
girdle. See Herpes Zoster. 
Znmolog-y. See Zymology. 
Zyg'-a-popH'y-sis.® [From ?uy<k, a, 
“yoke,” or “junction,” and dmfyvms, an 
“offshoot.”] The supero-lateral process 
of a vertebra, by which it is connected 
with the adjoining vertebra. 
Zy-s'o'nia, at is* [Gr. the 
“zygomatic arch.”] The cheek-bone 
(os jugale, or os ntalie). 
Zyg'-o-mat'ic. [Zygomat'ieus.] 
Belonging to the zygoma. 
Zygomat'ic Arch. The bony arch 
zoo 
which connects the malar bone with the 
squamosal portion of the temporal, and 
encloses the temporal muscle. 
Zygomat ic l’rocess. A thin 
narrow projection of bone, bounding the 
squamous portion of the temporal bone 
at its base. 
Zygo-mat'I-cns Major.*' (“ Great- 
er Zygomatic [Muscle].”) A muscle 
arising from the cheek-bone and inserted 
into the angle of the mouth. 
Zygomatdcns Mi'nor.® (“Lesser 
Zygomatic [Muscle].”) A muscle arising 
from the cheek-bone (a little higher up 
than the preceding) and inserted into 
the upper lip near the angle of the 
mouth. It is often wanting. This 
muscle and the preceding raise the 
angles of the mouth, as in laughter: 
hence the term distortor oris (“distorter 
of the mouth”) has been applied to them. 
Zygophyllacc*,* zi-go-fil-la'she-e. 
[From Zygophyl'lum, one of the genera.] 
A natural order of exogenous plants, 
found in the hotter parts of the world. 
The ligneous plants of this order are 
remarkable for the extreme hardness of 
their wood. It includes the Guai'acum, 
or Lig'num vi'tie. 
Zyg'-o-pliJTliiin.* [From ?uy<a 
“yoke,” and rpvWov, a “leaf.”] Applied 
to a leaf composed of a pair of leaflets 
as if yoked together. 
Zy-molo-fcy, or Zu-mol'o-gy. 
[Xyniolo’gia: from $vgri, “leaven,” and 
Ariyoj, a “ discourse.”] A treatise on fer- 
mentation, or the science of fermenta- 
tion. 
Zy-mo'ma, a[From to 
“ferment.”] Leaven; a fermented mix- 
ture. 
Zy-mo-sl-oin e-ter. [Zymosiom 
etrum; from t,vy(Mis, “fermentation,” 
and gerpov, a “ measure.”] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the degrees of 
fermentation. 
Zy-mo'sis.* [From $vg6ui, to “fer- 
ment.”] Fermentation; also applied to 
those diseases depending on miasmata 
for their origin, and called endemic, epi- 
demic, contagious, etc., as expressing also 
the mode in which morbid poisons act 
on the animal economy. 
Zy-mot'ic. [Zymot'icus; from iign, 
“leaven,” or “fermentation.”] 
Applied to those diseases which seem to 
be occasioned by a virus or poison, 
operating like leaven. 
Z. Z. = anciently “inyrrh;” now 
“ zinziber,” or ginger. 
zz 
608 APPENDIX. 
609 CONTENTS OF TIIE APPENDIX. 
PAGH 
TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA 611 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC 660 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS 680 
TABLE OF DOSES 692 
CHEMICAL SYMBOLS 697 
TABLE OF DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS 698 
CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY 700 
GOOD’S NOSOLOGY . 703 
610 TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
It is proper to state that for the plan of the following table the editor is in- 
debted to Dr. George B. Wood, whose system of classification, as presented in 
the Syllabus of his lectures delivered at the University of Pennsylvania, has 
been substantially, and, indeed, with a few exceptions, rigidly, followed. One 
of the classes (the Excito-Motor Stimulants) has been introduced from Dr. Carson’s 
“ Synopsis.” 
The great advantages of classification in every department of science, in assist- 
ing the memory and enabling the student to take in at a single glance a mul- 
titude of associated facts, are too obvious and too generally recognized to require 
to be enforced by any array of argument. Nor is it necessary to dwell upon tho 
difficulties with which every attempt to classify the infinitely varied productions 
of nature must necessarily be attended. The editor is fully aware that no 
system of classification can be devised to which some objections cannot be 
urged; suffice it to say, that he has, after mature deliberation, adopted that 
system which on the whole appeared to present the greatest advantages, and 
to be exposed to the fewest objections. It is proper to say, for the information 
of the reader, that as a number of substances occur which possess various and 
distinct medicinal properties, and which cannot therefore with propriety be referred 
to any one class exclusively, it has been deemed best to give such articles a place 
in two or more different classes, usually with a reference to that particular class 
to which they seemed to have the strongest claims. Compare Cornus Florida, 
given as a tonic and astringent, and Plainbi Acetas, given as an astringent and 
arterial sedative. When it has appeared somewhat doubtful whether an article 
was fairly entitled to a place in the list in which it has been inserted, a point of 
interrogation has been prefixed. 
J7BS3- When a reference is made from one name to another, the name referred to 
is always to he sought in the same list (section or class) as that from which the refer- 
ence is made. For example: in the class of Astringents there is a reference from 
“Blackberry Root” to Rubus, which must be sought for in the same section (that 
is, among the Vegetable Astringents). It is especially important to bear this in 
mind when there are several sections in one class, as in the case of the Tonics, 
Diaphoretics, etc. 
It is to be observed that the following table is limited for the most part to 
the simple articles of the Materia Medica and such preparations as have a dis- 
tinctive and peculiar character of their owi#f as, Calomel, Carbonic Acid Water, 
Turpeth Mineral, eto. The reader will not, therefore, look for those multitudinous 
preparations which are merely modifications as to form of the medicinal prin- 
ciples found in the simpler articles of the Materia Medica. 
611 PAGE 
CLASS I.—Astringents 613 
Section I.—Vegetable Astringents 613 
II.—Mineral Astringents 614 
CLASS II.—Tonics 615 
Section I.—Pure or Simple Bitters 615 
II.—Bitters of Peculiar or Modified Properties 616 
III. —Febrifuge Tonics 617 
IV. —Aromatics 618 
V.—Mineral Tonics 620 
CLASS III.—Arterial Stimulants 622 
CLASS IV.—Nervous Stimulants 622 
CLASS V.—Cerebral Stimulants 624 
CLASS VI.—Arterial Sedatives 626 
CLASS VII.—Nervous Sedatives 627 
CLASS VIII.—Emetics 628 
Section I.—Vegetable Emetics 628 
II.—Mineral Emetics 629 
CLASS IX.—Cathartics 630 
Section I.—Vegetable Cathartics 630 
II.—Mineral Cathartics 632 
CLASS X.—Diuretics 634 
CLASS XI.—Diaphoretics 637 
Section I.—Nauseating Diaphoretics 637 
II.—Refrigerant Diaphoretics 637 
III.—Stimulating and Alterative Diaphoretics 638 
CLASS XII.—Expectorants 639 
CLASS XIII.—Emmenagogues 640 
CLASS XIV.—Sialagogues 641 
CLASS XV.—Errhines 641 
CLASS XVI.—Epispastics 642 
CLASS XVII.—Rubefacients 643 
CLASS XVIII.—Escharotics : 643 
CLASS XIX.—Demulcents 645 
CLASS XX.—Emollients 646 
CLASS XXI.—Alteratives 647 
CLASS XXII.—Antacids 649 
CLASS XXIII.—Anthelmintics 650 
CLASS XXIV.—Disinfectants Antiseptics 651 
CLASS XXV.—Excito-Motor Stimulants: 653 
CONTENTS. TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
CLASS I. 
ASTRINGENTS. 
MEDICINES WHICn PRODUCE CONTRACTION OF THE LIVING TISSUES. 
Round-Leaved Dogwood. See Class II., 
Section III. 
Cor'nus Flor'ida. (U.S. Ph.) Dog- 
wood. See Class II., Section III. 
Cor'nusSeri$'ea. (U.S.Ph.) Swamp 
Dogwood. See Class II., Section III. 
Cranesbill. See Geranium. 
Dewberry Root. See Rubus. 
Gios'pyros. (U.S.Ph.) Persimmon. 
The unripe fruit of Dioe'pyros Virgi- 
nia'na. 
Dogwood. See Comns Florida. 
Elm Bark. See Flmus. 
Eern Root. See Filix Mas or Filix. 
? Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Eern Root. The 
same as Filix Mas. 
? Fi'lix Mas. (U.S.Ph.) Male Fern. 
See Class XXIII. 
Erostwort, or Erostweed. See Meli- 
anthemum. 
Gul in. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Xutgall. 
Galls. A morbid excrescence upon the 
Quercu8 in/ectoria: 
Gallic Acid. See Acidnm Galli- 
cum. 
Galls, or Gall Nuts. See Galla. 
Gera nium. (U.S. Ph.) Cranesbill. 
The rhizoma of Gera'nium macula' turn. 
Ge'nm. (U.S. Ph.) Water Avens. 
The root of Ge'um riva'le. 
Grana'ti Fruc'tfis Cor'tex. (U.S. 
Ph.) Pomegranate Rind. The rind of 
the fruit of Pu'nica grana'turn. 
1 la-mat ox.y Ion. or I la-mat ox 'y- 
lnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Logwood. The 
wood of Hxmatox' ylon Campechia'num. 
llardhack. See Spiraea, 
llelian'tliemum. (U.S.Ph.) Frost- 
wort. The herb of Helian'themum Cana- 
den'se. 
? Ilepat'ica. (U.S.Ph.) Liverwort. 
The leaves of Ilepat'ica America'na. 
SECTION I—Vegetable Astringents. 
Aca'cia Cat'echu. See Catechu. 
Ac'idiun Gal'licuin. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Gallic Acid. An acid prepared 
from Galls, occurring in acicular prisms 
nearly colorless. 
Ac'idnm Tan'nicum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Tannic Acid. A pale-yellow 
amorphous powder, having a strongly 
astringent taste, obtained from nutgalls. 
Alum Root. See Heuchera. 
Ar'butu8 U'va Ur’si. See Uva ITrsi. 
Arcto8taph'ylo8 Uva JJrsi. See Uva 
ITrsi. 
Aspid'ium, Fi'lix Mas. See Filix 
Mas. 
Bearberry. See Uva ITrsi. 
Re'la. (Br. Ph.) Bael. The half-ripe 
fruit of AE'gle Mar'melon dried. 
Bistort. See Polygonum ISistorta. 
Black Alder. See Prinos. 
Blackberry Root. See Rubtis. 
Black Oak Bark. See Quercus Tine* 
toria. 
Blunt-Leaved Dock. SeeRumexOb- 
tusifolius. 
Ca8ta'nea Pu'mila. Chinquapin. The 
bark is used as an astringent tonic. 
Cat'echu. (U.S. Ph.) An extract 
prepared principally from the wood of 
Acacia catechu. 
Cat'echu Mi'grum. (Br. Ph.) Black 
Catechu. An extract of Acacia catechu. 
Cat'echu Pal'lidum. (Br. Ph.) Pale 
Catechu. An extract from the Unca'ria 
gam’bir. 
Chiinaph'ila. (U.S. Ph.) Pipsis- 
sewa. The leaves of the Chimaph’ila 
umbella'ta. See Class X. 
Chinquapin. See CastaneaPumila. 
Cor'nus Cireina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
613 Heuche'ra. (U.S. Ph.) Alum Root. 
The root of Heuche'ra America'na. 
Ki'no. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The in- 
spissated juice of Pterocar'pus marsu'- 
pium, and of other plants. 
Krame'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Rhatany. The root of Krame'ria tri- 
an'dra (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
Krameria triandra (Br. Ph.). 
Liverwort. See Hepatica. 
Logwood. See Ilsematoxylon. 
Lyc'opus. (U.S. Ph.) Bugleweed. 
The herb of Lyc'opus Virgin'icus. 
Male Fern. See Filix Mas. 
Marsh Rosemary. See Statice. 
Oak Bark. See Quercus. 
Persimmon. See I>iospyros. 
Pipsissewa. See Ctiimaphila. 
Polyg'onum Bistor'ta. Bistort. 
Potentil'la Tormentil'la. See Tor- 
mentil la. 
Pri'nos. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
The bark of Pri'nos vertieilla'tus. 
Pterocar'pus Marsu'pium. See Kino. 
Quer'cus. (Br. Ph.) Oak Bark. The 
bark of Quer'cus pednncula'ta. 
<iuer'cus Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
Oak Bark. The bark of Quercus alba. 
Quer'cus Infecto'ria. See Galla. 
<luer'cus Tincto'ria. (U.S. Ph.) 
Black Oak Bark. The bark of Quercus 
tinctoria. 
Red Rose. See Rosa Gallica. 
Rhatany. See Krameria. 
Kims tlla'brum. (U.S. Ph.) Su- 
mach. The fruit of Rhus glabrum. 
Rind of the Pomegranate. See Gra- 
nati Fructus Cortex. 
Rock Rose. See Ileliantliemum. 
Ro'sa Gal'liea. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Red Rose. The petals of Rosa Gal/ica. 
Round-Leaved Dogwood. See Cor- 
nus Circinata. 
Ru'bus. (U.S. Ph.) Dewberry Root. 
Blackberry Root. The root of Ru'bus 
Canaden'sis and of Ru'bus villo'sus. 
Ru'mex Obtusi/o'lius. Blunt-leaved 
Dock. 
?Sa'lix. (U.S,Ph.) Willow. Thcbark 
of Sa'lix al'ba. See Class II., Section III. 
Spirpe'a. (U.S. Ph.) Hardback. The 
root of Spirse'a tomento'sa. 
Stat'ice. (U.S. Ph.) Marsh Rose- 
mary. The root of Stat'ice Limo'nium, 
variety Carolinia'na. 
Sumach. See Rtius Glabrum. 
Swamp Dogwood. See Cornus Seri- 
coa. 
Tannic Acid. See Acidum Tanni- 
cum. 
Tormentil. See Tormentilla. 
ASTRINGENTS. 
Torment il'la. (U.S. Ph.) Tormentil. 
The root of Patent'd'la tormentil'la. 
ITl'mus. (Br. Ph.) Elm Bark. See 
Class XIX. 
F'va Ur'si. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
leaves of Ar'butus (Jva Ursi, or Arcto- 
staph'ylos Uva Ursi. 
Ai'num Portcn'sc. (U.S. Ph.) Port 
Wine. Otherwise called Vinum rubrum 
(Red Wine). See Class V. 
Water Avens. See Gcnm. 
White Oak Bark. See Quercus 
Alba. 
SECTION II— Mineral Astringents. 
Acetate of Lead. See Plumbi Ace- 
tas. 
Acetate of Zinc. See Zinci Acetas. 
A«,'idum Sulphu'ricum Aromat'- 
icum. (U.S. Ph.) Aromatic Sulphuric 
Acid. 
Alum. See Alumen. 
Alu'men. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Alum. 
Sulphate of Alumina and Potassa. A 
salt in colorless crystalline masses, hav- 
ing an acid, sweetish, astringent taste. 
A'quaCal'cis. See IJquor Calcis. 
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. See Aci- 
dnin Sulpliuricum Aromaticum. 
Blue Vitriol. See Cupri Sulphas. 
Calx Clilora’ta. (Br. Ph.) Chlori- 
nated Lime. 
Calx Chlorina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
rinated Lime, or Chloride of Lime. 
Carbonate of Lead. See Plumbi 
Carbonas. 
Cerate of Subacetate of Lead. See 
Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. 
Cera'tum Plum bi Subacrta'tis. 
(U.S. Ph.) Cerate of Subacetate of Lead. 
Goulard’s Cerate. See Class XX. 
Chlorinated Lime. See Calx Chlori- 
u at a. 
Common Salt. See Sodii Clilori- 
dum. 
Cu'pri Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. A 
salt occurring in blue crystals, slightly 
efflorescent in the air, and entirely solu- 
ble in water. 
Elixir of Vitriol. See Acidum Sul* 
pliuricuin Aromaticum. 
Fer'ri Sul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Iron, or Copperas. A salt 
in oblique rhombic prisms of a greefi 
color and styptic taste. 
Lime Water. See IJquor Calcis. 
Liq uor Cal'cis (U.S. and Br. Ph.), 
otherwise called A'qua Cal'cis. Lime 
Water. 
614 Liq'uor Fer'ri Xitra'tis. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Nitrate of Iron. 
Liq'uor Pluin'bi Subaceta'tis. 
(U.S. Ph.) Solution of Subacetate of 
Lead. 
Litharge. See Plumbi Oxiduiu. 
Lithar'gyrum. (Br. Ph.) Litharge. 
Oxide of Lead. 
Plum'bi Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Acetate of Lead, or Sugar of Lead. 
A substance in colorless crystals, which 
effloresce on exposure to the air. 
Plum'bi Carbo'nas. (U. S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Lead, or White 
Lead. A heavy white powder, insolu- 
ble in water, but soluble in dilute nitric 
acid. 
Plum'bi Xi'tras. (U.S. Ph.) Ni- 
trate of Lead. See Class XXIV. 
Plum'bi Ox'idum (U.S. Ph.), other- 
wiseealled Plum'bi Ox’idum Semivit!reum. 
Litharge, or Oxide of Lead. 
Plum'bi Subaceta'tis Liq'uor. 
ASTRINGENTS.—TONICS. 
(Br. Ph.) See Liquor Plumbi Sub* 
acetatis. 
So'dii Chlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. 
Solution of Nitrate of Iron. See 
Liquor Ferri \ it rat is. 
Solution of Subacetate of Lead. See 
Liquor Plumbi Mubacetatis. 
Sugar of Lead. See Plumbi Acetas. 
Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri 
Sulphas. 
Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
phas. 
Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Acetate of Zinc. 
Zin'ci Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Zinc, or White Vitriol. A 
gait occurring in colorless crystals, which 
have a strong metallic styptic taste and 
are soluble in water. 
CLASS II. 
TONICS. 
MEDICINES WniCH PRODUCE A GENTI.E AND PERMANENT EXCITEMENT OP ALL THE 
VITAL ACTIONS, THOUGH THEIR INFLUENCE IS CHIEFLY OBSERVABLE IN THE 
FUNCTIONS OF ORGANIC LIFE. 
Frase'ra. (U.S. Ph.) American 
Columbo. The root of Frase’ra Wal- 
te'ri. 
Gentian. See Gentiana. 
Gentia'na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gen- 
tian. The root of Gentia'na lu'tea. 
Gentia'na Catesba;'!. (U.S. Ph.) 
Blue Gentian. The root of Gentiana 
Catesbsei. 
Goldthread. See Coptis. 
Quassia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Quas- 
sia. The wood of Simaru'ba excel'sa 
(U.S. Ph.), or of Picrse'na excel'sa (Br. 
Ph.). 
Sabba'tia. (U.S. Ph.) American 
Centaury. The herb of Sabba'tia angu- 
la'ris. 
Nimaru'ba. (U.S. Ph.) Simaruba. 
The bark of the root of Simaru'ba offici- 
na'lis. 
Simaru'ba excel'sa. See Quassia. 
Star Grass. See Aletris. 
Xanthorrhi'za. (U.S. Ph.) Yellow- 
Root. The root of Xanthorrhi'za apii- 
fo’lia. 
Yellow-Root. See Xanthorrhiza. 
SECTION I—Pure or Simple Bitters. 
Agatho'tes Chiray'ta. See tliiretta. 
Aletris. (U.S. Ph.l Star Grass. 
The root of A I'etris farino'sa. 
American Centaury. See Sabbatia. 
American Columbo. See Frasera. 
Bitte'ra (or Bytte'ra) Febrif uga. Bit- 
ter Ash. 
Blue Gentian. See Gentiana Cates- 
bu'i. 
Calum'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
lumbo. The root of Coc'cuius palma'tus. 
Cbira'ta. (Br. Ph.) The entire plant 
of Ophe'lia chira'ta. The same as 4 1a s- 
retta. 
Ctsiret'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chiretta. The 
herb and root of Agatho'tes chiray'ta. 
Coc'cuius palma'tus. See Calumba. 
Colomba, or Columbo. See Calumba. 
Common European Centaury. See 
Erytbraea Centaurium. 
Cop'tis. (U.S. Ph.) Goldthread. 
The root of Cop'tis trifo'lia. 
Fry thru:' a Centau'rium. Common Cen- 
taury. 
615 TONICS. 
SECTION II,—Bitters of Peculiar or Modi- 
fied Properties. 
Absin'thium. (U.S. Ph.) Worm- 
wood. The tops and leaves of Artemis’ia 
absin'thium. 
Al'etris. (U.S. Ph.) Star Grass. 
The root of Al'etris farino'sa. 
Am'yris Myr'rha. See Myrrha. 
An'themis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Chamomile. The dried flowers of An'- 
themis nob’ilis. 
An'themis Cot'ula. See Cotula. 
Ar'butus U'va Ur'si. See Class I. 
Artemis'ia Absin'thium. See Absin- 
thium. 
Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha. See Myr- 
rha. 
? Ral'samum Peruvia'num. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Peru. See 
Class XII. 
Balsamum Toluta'num. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Tolu. See 
Class XII. 
Bebe'rise Sul phas. (Br. Ph.) Sul- 
phate of Beberia. 
Black Alder. See Prinos. 
Black Snakeroot. See Cimicifuga. 
Blunt-Leaved Dock. See Rumex 
Obtusifolius. 
Buckbean. See Menyanthes Tri- 
foliata. 
Cedron. The seeds of the Sima'ba 
Ce'dron. 
Chamomile. See Antliemis. 
Cimicif'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Snakeroot. The root of Cimicif'uga 
racemo'sa. 
Cod-Liver Oil. See Oleum Mor- 
rhu;e. 
Cot'ula. (U.S. Ph.) Mayweed. The 
herb of An'themis cot'ula, Maruta cotula. 
Elecampane. See Inula. 
Elm Bark. See ITImus. 
Fern Root. See Filix. 
Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Fern Root. The 
samo as Filix Has. 
Fi'lix Mas. (U.S. Ph.) Male Fern. 
The rhizoma of Aspid'ium Filix Mas. 
German Chamomile. See Matricaria. 
Hardhack. See Spiraea. 
? Ileliaii'themuin. (U.S. Ph.) 
Frostwort. The herb of Helian'themum 
Canaden'se. 
Ilcinidcs'mus. (Br. Ph.) The root 
of Hemidesmus Indicus. 
Ilcpat'ica. (U.S. Ph.) Liverwort. 
The root of Hepatica Americana. 
Herac'leum Lana'turn. The root. 
Hops. See Humulus. 
Ilorehound. See Marrubium. 
II11'in 11 lus. (U.S. Ph.) Hops. The 
strobiles of Hu'mulus lu'pulus. 
In'ula. (U.S. Ph.) Elecampane. 
The root of In'ula hele'nium. 
Idrioilen'ilron. (U.S. Ph.) Tulip- 
tree Bark. The bark of Lirioden'dron 
tulipif era. 
I.u'pulus. (Br. Ph.) The same as 
Iliimuliis. 
Marru'bium. (U.S. Ph.) Hore- 
hound. The herb of Marru'bium vul- 
ga're. 
Marsh Trefoil. See Jlenjantlies 
Trifoliata. 
Masterwort. See Ileracleum Ca- 
natum. 
Matrica'ria. (U.S. Ph.) German 
Chamomile. The flowers of Matrlca'ria 
chamomil'la. 
Mayweed. See Cotula. 
Menyan'thes trifolia'ta. Buckbean, or 
Marsh Trefoil. 
Myrrh. See Myrrha. 
Myr'rha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Myrrh. The concrete juice of Balsamo- 
den'dron wyr'rha (U.S. Ph.); a gum-resi- 
nous exudation from the stem of Bal- 
samodendron myrrha (Br. Ph.). 
lux Voni'ica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Npx Vomica. The seeds of Strych'nos 
nux voni'ica. See Class XXV. 
O leum Authcm'iilis. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
of Chamomile. 
? O'leum Bu'bulum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Ncats’-foot Oil. 
O'leum Mor'rhua?. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Cod-Liver Oil. The fixed oil ob- 
tained from the liver of Ga'dus Mor'rhua. 
? 1’a'nax. (U.S.Ph.) Ginseng. The 
root of Pa'nax quinquefo'lium. 
? Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) See 
Class X. 
? Polyg'ala Rubel'la. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bitter Polygala. The root and herb of 
Polygala rubella. 
Pri'nos. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
See next section. 
Pru’iius Virginia'iia. (U.S. Ph.) 
Wild Cherry Bark. The bark of Cer'a- 
su8 serot'ina. 
Ouer'cus. (Br. Ph.) Oak Bark. 
The bark of Quer'cus peduncula'ta. 
? Quer'cus Tincto'ria. (U.S. Ph.) 
Black Oak Bark. See Class I. 
Et3ie'uin. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Rhu- 
barb. See Class IX., Section I. 
Rhubarb. See Rheum. 
Ru'mex Cris'|ms. (U.S. Ph.) Yel- 
low Dock. The root of Rumex crispus. 
? Ru'mex 0btuaifo'liu8. Blunt-Leaved 
Dock. 
616 Sage. See Salvia. 
Sal'via. (U.S. Ph.) Sage. The 
leaves of Sal'via officina'lis. 
? Scutella'ria. (U.S.Ph.) Scull-cap. 
See Class IV. 
? Spirae'a. (U.S. Ph.) Hardhack. 
The root of Spiree'a tomento'sa. 
Strych'nos JSux Vom'ica. See Mix 
Vomica. 
Tanace'tuni. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
The herb of Tanaee'tum vulga're. 
Tansy. Sec Tanacetum. 
Tulip-tree Bark. Sec Eiriodendron. 
? Fl'mus. (Br. Ph.) Elm Bark. 
See Class XIX. 
Wild Cherry Bark. See Prnnns Vir- 
gin iana. 
Wormwood. See Absinthium. 
Yellow Dock. See Kuinex Crispus. 
SECTION III-Febrifuge Tonies. 
A$'idum Ni'tricum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitric Acid. See Section V. 
Adanso'nia Eigita'ta. Baobab. 
JEs'cnlus Hippocas'tanum. Horse- 
chcsnut. 
Angustu'ra. (U.S. Ph.) The bark 
of Galipe'a officina’lis. 
? An'themis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Chamomile. (See preceding section.) 
Aristolo'chia. See Serpentaria. 
Baobab. Sec Adansonia lligitata. 
Bebeeru Bark. See Nectandra. 
Boneset. See Eupatorinm. 
Cascaril'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
bark of Cro'ton elcute'ria. 
Chamomile. See Anthemis. 
Cincho'na Fla'va. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Yellow Cinchona. The bark of 
Cincho'na calisay'a. 
Cincho'na Pal'lida. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Pale Cinchona. The bark of 
Cincho'na Con da in in' ea. 
Cincho'na Ru'bra. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Red Cinchona. The bark of an 
undetermined species of Cinchona (U.S. 
Ph.). The bark of Cincho'na succiru'bra 
(Br. Ph.). 
Common Salt. SecSodiiChloridum. 
Contrayerva. See Uorstenia Con- 
tray erva. 
Cor niis Circinata. (U.S. Ph.) 
Round-Leaved Dogwood. The bark of 
Cornus circinata. 
Cor’nus Flor'ida. (U.S. Ph.) Dog- 
wood. The bark of Cornns Florida. 
Cor'nus (U.S. Ph.) Swamp 
Dogwood. The bark of Cornus sericea. 
Cro'ton Eleute'ria. See Casearilla. 
Cuspa'ria. (Br. Ph.) CuspariaBark. 
TONICS. 
The bark of Galipe'a euspa'ria. The 
same as Anguatura. 
Dogwood. See Cornus Florida. 
Dorste'nia Contra t/er'va. 
Eupatorinm. (U.S. Ph.) Thorough- 
wort, or Boneset. The tops and leaves of 
Eupato'rivni perfolia' turn, gathered after 
flowering has commenced. 
? Frax'inus Excel sior. Common 
European Ash. 
Gnlipt' ( Officina'lis. See Angostura. 
Gossyp'inm Herba'cemn. An infusion 
of the seeds. See Class XIII. 
Magnolia. (U.S. Ph.) The hark 
of Magno'lia glau'ca,andof other species 
of Magnolia. See Class XI., Section III. 
Mahogany Tree. See Swietenia. 
Nectan'dra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Be- 
heeru Bark, or bark of Xeclan'dra Rodie'i. 
Nitric Acid. See Acidum Nitricum. 
Pale Cinchona. See Cinchona Pal- 
lida. 
Phloridzin, or Phloeorizin. (A peculiar 
principle obtained from the bark of the 
apple, pear, and cherry tree.) 
? Pri'nos. (U.S. Ph.) Black Alder. 
The bark of Pri'nos verticilla'tus. 
tiuer'eus Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
Oak Bark. See Class I. 
Quinlan Sul'plms. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Sulphate of Quinia. 
Red Cinchona. Sec Cinchona Rubra. 
Round-Leaved Dogwood. See Cor- 
nns Circinata. 
Salix. (U.S. Ph.) Willow. The 
bark of Salix alba. 
Serpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.). 
Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. The 
root of Aristolo'chin serpenta'ria, and of 
other species of Serpentaria. 
Serpentary. See Serpentaria. 
Snakeroot, Virginia. See Serpen- 
taria. 
So'dii Chlo'ridnin. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. See Section V. of this class. • 
Spider’s Web. See Tela Aranese. 
Sulphate of Quinia. See Quinite 
Sulphas. 
Swamp Dogwood. See Cormis Se- 
ricea. 
Swiete'nia Febrif'uga, and Swiete'nia 
Mahog'ant (Mahogany Tree). The bark. 
? Te'la Ara'nem. Spider’s Web. 
Thoroughwort. See Eupatorinm. 
Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpenta- 
ria. 
White Oak Bark. Sec tfcuercus Alba. 
Willow. See Salix. 
Yellow Cinchona. See Cinchona 
Flava. 
617 AROMATICS. 
Cinnamon. See f innamoimim. 
Ci'trus Auran'tium. See Aurantii 
DtilciH Cortex. 
Cloves. See Caryophylltts. 
Coriander. See Corinudrcun. 
Corian'drum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Coriander. The ripe fruit of Corian'- 
drum sati'vum (U.S. Ph.). The ripe fruit, 
dried, of Coriandruni sativum (Br. Ph.). 
Cube'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cubeb, 
or Cubebs. The berries of Pi'per cube'ba 
(U.S. Ph.). The unripe fruit, dried, of 
Cube'ha officina'lis (Br. Ph.). See Class X. 
Cubebs. See Cubeba. 
Cumin. See Cuminum. 
? Cumi'num, or Cymi'nutn. Cumin. 
Curcu'ma. (U.S. Ph.) Turmeric. 
The rhizoma of Curcu'ma lon'ga. 
Dill. See Anethum. 
Dri'mys Winte'ri. Wintera. 
Eletta'ria Curdatno'mum. See far- 
damomum. 
Euge'nia Caryophylla'ta. See Caryo- 
phyllits. 
European Pennyroyal. See Mentlia 
Pu legitim. 
Fennel, or Fennel Seed. See Foenic- 
nliini. 
Fcenic'ulnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Fennel Seed. The fruit of Fcenic'ulum 
vulga're (U.S. Ph.). The fruit of Fce- 
nic'ulum clul'ce (Br. Ph.). 
Fcenic'ulum Officina'le. (Considered by 
some to be the same as Foeniculum vul- 
gare.) See Foeniculum. 
Gaulthe'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Partridge 
Berry. The leaves of Gaulthe'ria pro- 
cum'bens. 
Ginger. See 25Engibor. 
Ginseng. See Panax. 
Golden Rod. See Solidago. 
Iledeo'ma. (U.S. Ph.) American 
Pennyroyal. The herb of Hedeo'ma 
pulegioi' des. 
Horseinint. See Monarda. 
I/.ivau'ditla. (U.S. Ph.) Lavender. 
The flowers of Lavan'dula ve'ra. 
Lavan'dula Spi'ca. See Lavandula. 
Lavan'dula Ve'ra. Sec I.avandriln. 
Lavender. See Lavandula. 
I.iiito'nis Cor'tex. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Lemon Peel. 
Long Pepper. See Piper Longum. 
Ma'cis. (U.S. Ph.) Mace. 
Marjoram. See Origanum Vul- 
gare. 
Mati'ea. (Br. Ph.) Matico. The 
dried leaves of Artan'the elonga'ta. See 
Matico. 
Mati'co. (U.S. Ph.) Matico. The 
leaves of Artan'the elonga'ta. 
SECTION IV—Aromatics. 
Ac'orus Cal' am us. See Calamus. 
Alpin'ia Cardamo'mum. See Carda- 
moiniim. 
Auc'tbiim. (Br. Ph.) Dill Seed. 
Tne fruit of Ane'thum grav'eolens. 
Angel'ica. (U.S. Ph.) Angelica. 
The root of Angel'ica Archangel'ica. 
Angel'ica Atropurpu'rea. Purple An- 
gelica. 
Ani'snm. (U.S. Ph.) Anise. The 
fruit of PimpineVla ani'sum. 
Artan'the Elonga'ta. See Matico. 
As’arum. (U.S. Ph.) Canada Snake- 
root, or Wild Ginger. The root of As'- 
arum Ganaden’se. 
Auran'tii Ama'ri Cor'tex. (U.S. 
Ph.) Bitter Orange Peel. The rind of 
the fruit of Ci'trus vulga'ris. 
Auran'tii Cor'tex. (Br. Ph.) Orange 
Peel (Bitter). The outer part of the rind 
(dried) of the ripe fruit of Ci'trus biga- 
ra'dia. 
Auran'tii Itul'cis Cor'tex. (U.S. 
Ph.) Sweet Orange Peel. The rind of 
the fruit of Ci'trus auran'tium. 
Balm. See Melissa. 
Black Pepper. See Piper. 
Cal'amus. (U.S. Ph.) Calamus, or 
Sweet Flag. The rhizoma of Ac'orus 
cal'amus. 
Canada Snakeroot. See Asarum. 
Canel'la. (U.S. Ph.) Canella. The 
bark of Canel'la al'ba. 
Canel'la Al'ba. See Canella. 
Caraway. See Carom. 
Cardamom. See Cardantomum. 
Cardaino'mum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Cardamom. The fruit (or seeds) oi Elet- 
ta'ria cardamo' mum. 
Car'ui. (Br. Ph.) Caraway. The 
dried fruit of Ca'rum car'ui. 
Ca'rum. (U.S. Ph.) Caraway. The 
fruit of Ca'rum car'ui. 
Caryopbyl'lum. (Br. Ph.) Cloves. 
The unexpanded flower-buds of Garyo- 
phyl'lus aromat'icus. The same as Cary- 
opliyllus. 
Caryophyl'lus. (U.S. Ph.) Cloves. 
The unexpanded flowers of Caryophyl'- 
lus aromat'icus. 
? Cata'ria. Catnep. See Class IV. 
Cinnaino'miim. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Cinnamon. The bark of Cinnamo'mum 
Zeylan'icum, and of Cinnamo'mum aro- 
mat'icnm (U.S. Ph.). The inner bark 
from shoots of the Cinnamomum Zeylan- 
icum (Br. Ph.). 
Cinnamo'mum Zeylan'icum. See Cin- 
nainamum. 
618 AROMATICS. 
Melis'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Balm. The 
herb of Melis'sa officina'lis. 
Men'tha Piperi'ta. (U. S. Ph.) 
Peppermint. The herb of Mentha pipe- 
rita. 
Men'tha Pule'gium. European Penny- 
royal. 
Men'thaVir'idis. (U.S.Ph.) Spear- 
mint. The herb of Mentha viridis. 
Mouar da. (U.S. Ph.) Horsemint. 
The herb of Monar'da puncta'ta. 
Myris'tica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Nut- 
meg. The kernel of the fruit of Myris'- 
tica fra'grans (U.S. Ph.). The kernel of 
the seed of Myris’tiea officina'lis (Br. 
Ph.). 
Myr'tus pimen'ta. See Pimenta. 
Nep'eta cata'ria. See Cataria. 
Nutmeg. See Myristica. 
Oil of Anise. See Oleum Aaisi. 
Oil of Bergamot. See Oleum Ber- 
gainii. 
Oil of Caraway. See Oleum Carui. 
Oil of Cinnamon. See Oleum Cin- 
namomi. 
Oil of Dill. See Oleum Anethi. 
Oil of Lavender. See Oleum La- 
vandulie. 
Oil of Lemon. See Oleum Bimonis. 
Oil of Nutmeg. See Oleum Myris- 
tiese. 
Oil of Peppermint. See Oleum Men- 
thse Piperitse. 
Oil of Spearmint. See Oleum Men- 
tha- Viridis. 
O leum Ane thi. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
Dill. 
O'leum Ani'si. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
Anise. 
O'leum Berga'mii. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
of Bergamot. The volatile oil obtained 
from the rind of the fruit of Ci'trus 
limet'ta. 
O'leum Car'ui. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
Caraway. 
O'leum Caryophyl'Ii. (Br. Ph.) 
Oil of Cloves. 
O'leum Cinnamo'mi. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Cinnamon. The vola- 
tile oil obtained from the bark of Cinna- 
mo'mum Zeylan'icum. 
O'leum Corian'dri. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
of Coriander. 
O'leum Bavan'duke. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
of Lavender. 
? O'leum T.imo'nis. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Lemon. The volatile oil 
obtained from the rind of the fruit of 
Ci'trus limo’num. 
O'leum Men'thse Piperi'tse. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Oil of Peppermint. The 
oil distilled from the fresh herb of Men- 
tha piperita. 
Oleum Slen'thie Vir'idis. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Oil of Spearmint. The 
oil distilled from the fresh herb of Men- 
tha viridis. 
O'leum Monar'dre. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
of Horsemint. 
O leum Myris'ticte. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Nutmeg. The volatile oil 
obtained from the kernels of the fruit of 
Myris'tica fra'grans (U.S. Ph.). The 
oil distilled from Nutmeg (Br. Ph.). 
O leum Pimen'tse. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Pimento. 
O'leum Ro'sw. (U.S. Ph.) Oil of 
Rose. 
? O'leum Rosmari'ni. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Rosemary. See Class 
XVII. 
O'leum Tliy nii. (U.S. Ph.) Oil of 
Thyme. 
Orange Peel. See Aurantli Cortex. 
Orig'anum Vulga're. Origanum, or 
Marjoram. 
Pa'nax. (U.S.Ph.) Ginseng. The 
root of Pa’nax quinquefo'lium. 
Partridge Berry. See Gaultheria. 
Pennyroyal. See Iledeoma. 
Pepper. See Piper. 
Pepper, Long. See Piper longum. 
Peppermint. See Mentha Piperita. 
Pimen'ta. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pi- 
mento. The unripe berries of Euge'nia 
pimen'ta. 
Pimento. See Pimenta. 
Pimpinel'la Ani'sum. See Anisum. 
Pi'pcr. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Black 
Pepper. The berries of Pi'per ni'grum 
(U.S. Ph.). The dried unripe berries of 
Piper nigrum (Br. Ph.). 
Pi'per Cube'ba. See Cubeba. 
Pi'pcr Lon'gutn. Long Pepper. 
Purple Angelica. See Angelica Atro- 
purpurea. 
Rosemary. See Rosmarinus. 
Rosmari'nus. (U.S.Ph.) Rosemary. 
The tops of ltosmari’nus officina'lis. 
Sage. See Salvia. 
Sal'via. (U.S.Ph.) Sage. The leaves 
of Sal'via officina'lis. 
Solida'go. (U.S. Ph.) Golden Rod. 
The leaves of Solida'go edo'ra. 
Spearmint. See Mentha Viridis. 
Sweet Flag. See Calamus. 
Tanace'tum. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
The herb of Tanace'tum vulga're. 
Tansy. See Tanacetum. 
Turmeric. See Curcuma. 
Vanil la. (U.S. Ph.) The prepared 
unripe capsules of Vanil'la aromat'ica. 
619 MINERAL TONICS. 
Wild Ginger. See Asarum. 
Wintera. See brymis AVinteri. 
Wintergreen. See Gaultlieria. 
Winter’s Bark. See Brymis Win- 
ter i. 
Zingiber. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gin- 
ger. The rhizoma of Zin'giber offici- 
na'le (U.S. Ph.). The rhizome, scraped 
and dried, of Zingiber officinale (Br. Ph.). 
SECTION V.—Mineral Tonics, 
Ag'idum Uluriat'iciim. (U.S. Ph.) 
Muriatic Acid. See Class VI. 
Xi'tricmn. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitric Acid. Aqua Fortis. A 
strongly acid, corrosive, colorless or yel- 
lowish liquid. Specific gravity, 1.420 
(U.S. Ph.). Specific gravity, 1.5 (Br. 
Ph.). 
Af'idum Xi'trienm Diln'tum. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Dilute Nitric Acid. 
A colorless liquid. Specific gravity, 1.068 
(U.S. Ph.). Specific gravity, 1.101 (Br. 
Ph.). 
A^-'id u ill Nitromuriat'icuni. 
(U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatic Acid. A com- 
pound of three parts, by weight, of 
nitric acid with five parts of muriatic 
acid. 
A$'idnm Phosphor'! cum DiliT- 
tum. (Br. Ph.) Dilute Phosphoric 
Acid. 
Sulphu'ricum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid, or Oil of Vit- 
riol. A colorless liquid of an oily ap- 
pearance, intensely acid and corrosive. 
Specific gravity, 1.843 (U.S. Ph.), 1.846 
(Br. Ph.). 
A?' idu m Sulphu' ricum Aromat'- 
iciun. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic 
Sulphurie Acid; otherwise called Elixir 
of Vitriol. 
Ammoniated Copper. See Cuprum 
Ammonia! mil. 
Argen'ti Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Nitrate of Silver. Lunar Caustic. See 
Class XVIII. 
? Argen'ti Ox'idnm. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oxide of Silver. 
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. See Aci* 
diim Sulphurlcnm Aromatieum. 
Bismuth! Subni’tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
Subnitrate of Bismuth, or White Bis- 
muth; sometimes called White Oxido of 
Bismuth. See Class IV. 
Bismu'thum Al bum. (Br. Ph.) 
White Bismuth. The same as Bismu- 
tbi Subnilras. 
Bisulphate of Potash. See Potassw 
Bisulphas. 
Black Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
Oxidmn Magnetieum. 
Blue Vitriol. Sec Cupri Sulphas. 
Calamine. See Kind far bonus. 
Carbonate of Zinc. See Kind Car- 
bon as. 
Citrate of Iron. See Ferri Citras. 
Citrate of Iron and Quinia. See Ferri 
ct Quiiii% Citras. 
Copperas. See Ferri Sulphas. 
Cu'pri Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. See 
Class I., and XVIII. 
Cu'prum Ammonia!uni. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ammoniated Copper. 
Elixir of Vitriol. See Acidum Sul- 
phuricuin Aromatieum. 
Fer'ri-Ammo'nio-Ci'true. See Ferri et 
Ammonia- ( liras. 
Fer'ri Carbo'nasKaechara'ta. (Br. 
Ph.) Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. 
Fer'ri Chlo’ridum. See Class XIII. 
Fer'ri Ci'tras. (U.S. Ph.) Citrate 
of Iron. 
Fer'ri et Ammo nia- Ci'tras. (Br. 
Ph.) Citrate of Iron and Ammonia; 
otherwise called Ferri-Ammonio-Citras. 
Fer'ri et Aiiiino'iii:e Tar'tras. 
(U.S. Ph.) Tartrate of Iron and Am- 
monia. 
Fer'ri et Potas’sre Tar'tras. (U.S. 
Ph.) Tartrate of Iron and Potash. A 
substance occurring in transparent scales 
of a dark, ruby-red color, and wholly 
soluble in water. 
Fer'ri et Quin'iie Ci'tras. (Br. Ph.) 
Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 
Fer'ri Ferrocyan'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Ferrocyanide of Iron. Pure Prussian 
Blue. A pigment of a rich blue color. 
Fer'ri Iod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
of Iron. See Classes XIII. and X. 
Fer'ri Bac'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Lactate 
of Iron. A substance in greenish-white 
crystalline crusts or grains of a mild 
sweetish taste. 
Fer'ri Ox'idnm Alag-net'ieum. 
(Br. Ph.) Magnetic Oxide of Iron; 
otherwise called Fer'ri Ox'idnm Ni'grum, 
or Black Oxide of Iron. 
Fer'ri Perehlo'ridi Li'quor. (Br. 
Ph.) Solution of Perchloride of Iron. 
Fer'ri Pernitra'tis I.i'qiior. (Br. 
Ph.) Solution of Pernitrate of Iron. 
Fer'ri Perox'idum. (Br. Ph.) Per- 
oxide (or Bust) of Iron. A powder of a 
dark brown color, and destitute of taste. 
Fer'ri Phos'plias. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Phosphate of Iron. A slate-colored 
powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in 
the mineral acids. 
620 Fer'ri Pul’vis. See Ferrnm Redac- 
t u in. 
Fer'ri Ramen'ta. Iron Pilings. 
Fer'ri Rubi'go. (Rust of Iron.) See 
Ferri Peroxidum. 
Fer'ri Subearbo'nas. (U.S. Ph.) 
Subcarbonate of Iron. 
Fer'ri Sul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Iron, or Copperas. See Class 
I., Section II. 
Fer'ri Sul'phas Granula'ta. (Br. 
Ph.) Granulated Sulphate of Iron. 
Ferrocyanuret of Iron. See Ferri 
Ferrocyanidum. 
Fer'rum Ammonia'turn. Ammoniated 
Iron. 
Fer'rum Redac'tum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Reduced Iron; otherwise called 
Ferri Pulvis (Powder of Iron). 
Fer'rum Tartara'tum. (Br. Ph.) 
Tartarated Iron. The same as Ferri 
et Potassse Tsirtras. 
. Iodide of Iron. See Ferri lodidum. 
Iodide of Zinc. See Zinci lodidum. 
Iron Filings. See Ferri Ramenta. 
Lactate of Iron. See Ferri Factas. 
Lime Water. See liquor Calcis. 
Li'iiuor Cal'eil Chlo'ridi. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Lime (or 
Calcium). See Class X. 
Fi'quor Cal'cis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Lime Water, or Solution of Lime. 
Fi'quor Fer'ri Ait ra t is. (U.S. Ph.) 
Solution of Nitrate of Iron. 
Lunar Caustic. See Argent! Aitras. 
Magistery of Bismuth. See Bismu- 
thi Subnitras. 
Magnetic Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
Oxidum flagueticum. 
Mmigane'eii Ox'idum. Oxide of Man- 
ganese. 
Muriatic Acid. See Acidum Muri- 
aticum. 
Nitrate of Silver. See Argent i Ai- 
tras. 
Nitric Acid. See Acidum Aitricum. 
Nitromuriatic Acid. See Acidum 
A it romuriaticnm. 
Oil of Vitriol. See Acidum Sul- 
phuricuin. 
Oxide of Manganese. See Manga- 
nesii Oxidum. 
Oxide of Zinc. See Zinci Oxidum. 
Perchloride of Iron. See Ferri Per- 
chloridi Liquor. 
Peroxide of Iron. See Ferri Per- 
oxidum. 
MINERAL TONICS. 
Phosphate of Iron. See Ferri Phos- 
phas. 
Putas'sm Bisid'phas. Bisulphate of 
Potash. 
Precipitated Carbonate of Iron. The 
same as Ferri Subcarbonas. 
Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. See 
Zinci C'arbonas Pra-cipilala. 
Protocarbonato of Iron. The same as 
Ferri Subcarbonas. 
Reduced Iron. See Ferrnm Rcdac- 
tuni. 
Rust of Iron. (Fer'ri Itubi'go.) See 
Ferri Peroxidum. 
Saccharated Carbonate of Iron. See 
Ferri Carbonas Saceharata. 
Salt, Common. See Sodii Chlori- 
d ii in. 
So'dii Chlo'ridum. (II.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. See Section III. of this class. 
Solution of Chloride of Calcium. See 
liquor tab-si Cliloridi. 
Solution of Nitrate of Iron. See 
liquor Ferri Xitratis. 
Subcarbonatc of Iron. See Ferri 
Subcarbonas. 
Subnitrate of Bismuth. See Bismu- 
thi Siibnitras. 
Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphate of Zinc. See Zincs Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphuric Acid. See Acidum Sul- 
pliurictiin. 
Tartarated Iron. See Ferrnm Tar- 
tarfitum. 
Tartrate of Iron and Ammonia. See 
Ferri et Ann.. ">;«■ Tartras. 
Tartrate of Iron and Potash. See 
Ferri ct Potassse Tartras. 
White Bismuth, or White Oxide of 
Bismuth. Sec Msmiitlii Siibnitras. 
White Vitriol. See Zinci Sulphas. 
Zin'si Carbo'nas. (Br. Ph.) Car- 
bonate of Zinc. 
Zinci t'arbo'nas Pra-cipita'ta. 
(U.S. Ph.) Precipitated Carbonate of 
Zinc. 
Zin'qi Jod'idum. Iodide of Zinc. 
Zin'ci Ox'idum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Oxide of Zinc. 
Sul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Zinc. White Vitriol. See 
Class VIII. 
621 ARTERIAL STIMULANTS.—NERVOUS STIMULANTS. 
CLASS III. 
ARTERIAL STIMULANTS. 
MEDICINES WHICH EXCITE THE CIRCULATION WITH LITTLE COMPARATIVE INFLU- 
ENCE ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 
Ammo'niie Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia, or Sal 
Volatile. A substance in white translu- 
cent masses, having a pungent ammoni- 
acal odor, and soluble in water. 
? Ammo'niie Li'qner For'tior. 
(Br. Ph.) Strong Solution of Ammonia. 
See Class XVII. 
Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
8piritns Ammonite Aromuticns. 
? Bnc'co. (Br. Ph.) Buchu. See 
next article. 
? Bu'chn. (U.S. Ph.) Buchu, Bucco, 
or Bookoo. The leaves of Baros’ma 
crena'ta and other species of Barosma. 
See Class X. 
Cap'sicnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ca- 
yenne Pepper. The fruit of Cap’sicnm 
an'nuum and of other species of Capsi- 
cum, (U.S. Ph.). The ripe fruit, dried, of 
Cap'sicnm fast if a'turn (Br. Ph.). 
Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
niac Carbon as. 
Cayenne Pepper. See Capsicum. 
? Cerevis'iie Fermcn'tum. (Br. 
Ph.) Yeast of Beer. 
Oil of Turpentine. See Oleum Te- 
rebinthinie. 
O leum Terebin'tbinae. Oil of 
Turpentine, or Spirits of Turpentine. 
The volatile oil distilled from the tur- 
pentine of Pi'nun palus’tris and of other 
species of Finns. See Class X. 
Phosphorus. (U.S. Ph.) Phospho- 
rus. A translucent, nearly colorless solid, 
resembling wax, without taste, but hav- 
ing a peculiar smell. (Poisonous except 
in very minute do'ses.) 
Spirit of Ammonia. See Spiritus 
Ammonia-. 
8pir'itus Ammo'niie. (U.S. Ph.) 
Spirit of Ammonia. 
Spir'itus Ammo'niie Aromat'i- 
cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic 
Spirit of Ammonia. Sec Class IV. 
Turpentine, Spirits of. See Oleum 
Terebintliiiue. 
CLASS IY. 
NERVOUS STIMULANTS (ANTISRASMODICS). 
MEDICINES WHICH TO THE POWER OF STIMULATING THE HEART AND ARTERIES 
ADD THAT OF EXCITING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM, 
JE'ttier. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether; 
otherwise called Sulphuric Ether. Oxide 
of Ethyl. A very inflammable, volatile 
liquid obtained from alcohol and sul- 
phuric acid. 
Al'lium. (U.S. Ph.) Garlic. See 
Class XII. 
Alum. See Alumen. 
Alu'men. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Alum. 
Sulphate of Alumina and Potassa. 
Ammoniac. See Ammoniacnm. 
Ammon i'acuan. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
The concrete juice of Dore'ma ammoni'- 
aeum (U.S. Ph.). A gum-resinous exu- 
dation from the stem of Dorema ammo- 
niacum (Br. Ph.). 
Ammo'niie Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. See 
Class III. 
Ammo nia; Ilydroehlo ras. (Br. 
Ph.) llydrochlorate of Ammonia. The 
same as Ammonite Mnriag. 
? Ainmo'nim Ma rias. (U.S. Ph.) 
Muriate of Ammonia, or Sal Ammoniac. 
A white fibrous salt, with a pungent 
saline taste, but no smell. 
Argen ti Xi'iras. (U.S.and Br. Ph.) 
Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar Caustic. See 
Class XVIII. 
Arg-en'ti Ov itlam. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oxide of Silver. 
Ar'nica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Lco- 
622 pard’s Bane. Arnica Root. The flowers 
of Ar'nica monta'na (U.S. Ph.). The 
dried root of Arnica montana (Br. Ph.). 
Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
Spirit us Ammoniac Aromaticus. 
Assafoet'ida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) As- 
safetida. The concrete juice (or gum 
resin) obtained from the root of the 
Nar'tliex assafoet'ida (or Fer'ula assa- 
fcet'ida). 
Bismu th! Subuitras. (U.S. Ph.) 
Subnitrate of Bismuth, or White Bis- 
muth. A heavy white powder in minute 
crystalline scales. 
Bisiuu'ttium Al'bum. (Br. Ph.) 
White Bismuth. The same as Bismu- 
th! Subuitras. 
Caf'fea. (U.S. Ph.) Coffee. The seed 
of Caf'fea Arab'ica. 
Cam'phora. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Camphor. See Class V. 
Carbonate of Ammonia. See Amnio- 
niae Carbousis. 
Castor. See Castoreum. 
Casto'reum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Castor. A peculiar concrete substance, 
obtained from Cas'tor fiber. 
Cata'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Catnep. The 
leaves of Nep'eta cata'ria. (Carminative.) 
Catnep. See Cataria. 
Cherry Laurel. See Laurocerasns. 
Chloride of Zinc. See Zinci Chlo- 
r id ii m. 
Coca. See Erythroxylon Coca. 
Coffee. See Caltea, 
Compound Spirit of Ether. See Spi- 
ritus .Ethcris Com post t ns. 
Cro'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Saffron. 
The stigmas of Cro'cus sati'vus. 
? Cu prum Ammouia'tum. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ammoniated Copper. See Class II. 
Gypripe'diurn Parvijlo'ruin. Ladies’ 
Slipper. 
jDore'ma Ammoni'acum. See Ammo- 
iliac um. 
Bracon'tium. (U.S.Ph.) Skunk Cab- 
bage. The root of Dracon'tium feet'idum. 
Erythrox'ylon Co'ca. 
Fer'ula Assafeet'ida. See Assafoetida. 
OaTbanum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
See Class XII. 
Garlic. See Allium. 
Hoffmann’s Anodyne. See Spiritus 
/Ether is Com posit us. 
Ladies’ Slipper. See Cypripedium 
Parviflorum. 
Eaurocer'asus. (Br. Ph.) Cherry 
Laurel Leaves. The fresh leaves of 
Pru'nus laurocer'asus. 
Leopard’s Bane. See Arnica. 
Eycopo'dium. (U.S.Ph.) The spo- 
NERVOUS STIMULANTS. 
rules of Lycopo'diurn clava'tum and other 
species of Lycopodium. See Class X. 
Mos'chus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Musk. 
A peculiar concrete substance, obtained 
from Mos'chus vioschiferus (U.S. Ph.). 
The inspissated secretion from the pre- 
putial follicles of the Moschus moschife- 
rus (Br. Ph.). 
Muriate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
niac Murias. 
Musk. See Moschus. 
Nar'thex Assafcet'ida. See Assafoet- 
ida. 
Ncp’eta Cata'ria. See Cataria. 
Nitrate of Silver. See Arsenti Nitras. 
Oil of Amber. See Oleum Succini. 
Oil of Camphor. See Oleum Cam- 
phoric. 
Oil of Rue. See Oleum Rutse. 
O'leum Cam phoric. (U.S. Ph.) 
Oil of Camphor. 
O'leum Ru'tse. (Br. Ph.) Oil of 
Rue. The oil distilled from Jiu'ta grav'- 
eolens. 
O'leum (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
of Amber. The volatile oil obtained by 
the destructive distillation of amber. 
Oxide of Zinc. See Zinci Oxidum. 
Petro'leum. Rock Oil. 
Pru'nus Laurocer'asus. See Lauro- 
cerasus. 
Rock Oil. See Petroleum. 
Rue. See Kuta. 
Ru'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Rue. The leaves 
of Ru'ta grew'eolens. 
Ru'tie O'leum. Sec Oleum Ruttc. 
Saffron. See Crocus. 
Sagetpe'num. (Lond. Ph.) The gum 
resin of an unknown plant. 
Scutella'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Scull-cap. 
The herb of Scutella'ria laterijlo'ra. 
Skunk Cabbage. See Mracontium. 
Spirit of Nitric Ether. See Spiritus 
AEtheris Kitrosi. 
Spir'itais AE'theris Compos'itus. 
(U.S. Ph.) Compound Spirit of Ether, 
or Hoffmann’s Anodyne. 
Spir'itus AE'theris Nitro'si (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.); formerly Spir'itus JE'theris 
Ni'trici. Spirit of Nitrous or Nitric 
Ether; otherwise called Sweet Spirit of 
Nitre. 
Spir'itus Ammo'niaeAromait'ieus. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic Spirit of 
Ammonia. 
Subnitrate of Bismuth. See Rfsmu- 
thi Subuitras. 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
AEtheris Nitrosi. 
The'a Ni'gra. Black Tea. 
The'a Vir'idis. Green Tea. 
623 NERVOUS STIMULANTS.—CEREBRAL STIMULANTS. 
Ctilo'ridum. (U. S. and 
Br. Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. See Class 
XVIII. 
Ox'idum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Oxide of Zinc. A yellowish-white pow- 
der. 
Zin'ci Valeria'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Valerianate of Zinc. 
Valerian. See Valeriana. 
Valeria'na. (U.S.andBr.Ph.) Vale- 
rian. The root of Valeria'na officinalis. 
Valerianate of Zinc. See Zinc! Va- 
lerianae. 
Vi' n um. Wine. 
White Bismuth. See Bismutbi Sub- 
nitras. 
CLASS Y. 
CEREBRAL STIMULANTS (NARCOTICS). 
MEDICINES WHICH, WITH A STIMULATING INFLUENCE OVER THE CIRCULATION AND 
THE GENERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, COMBINE A PECULIAR DETERMINATION TO THE 
BRAIN. 
Acetate of Morphia. See Morphine 
Acetas. 
Ace'turn O'pii. (U.S. Ph.) Vinegar 
of Opium, or Black Drop. 
A<;' id am Acet'icum Campliora'turn. 
Camphorated Acetic Acid. 
Acrid Lettuce. See Eactuca Virosa. 
AJ'ther. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether, 
or Sulphuric Ether. A very inflammable 
volatile liquid prepared with alcohol and 
sulphuric acid. 
AE'ther For'tior. (U.S. Ph.) Strong- 
er Ether. 
Al'cohol. (U.S. Ph.) Alcohol. Spirit 
of the specific gravity 0.835 (Absolute 
Alcohol being 0.795). 
At'ropa Belladon'na, or Deadly Night- 
shade. See Belladonna, and Bella- 
donna- Folium. 
Atro'pia. (Br. Ph.) An alkaloid ob- 
tained from Belladonna Root. (A deadly 
poison, except in very minute doses.) 
Belladon'na. (Br. Ph.) The leaves 
of At'ropa belladon'na. See next article. 
Belladon'iue Fo'lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
Belladonna Leaf. The leaves of At'ropa 
belladon'na. 
Belladon'na; Ra'dix. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Belladonna Root. 
Bittersweet. See Dulcamara, 
Black Drop. See Acetum Opii. 
Brandy. See Spiritus Viiii Gallic!. 
Bugleweed. See Eycopus. 
Camphor. See Campliora. 
Campliora. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Camphor. A peculiar concrete sub- 
stance derived from Cam'phora officina'- 
rum (U.S. Ph.). A concrete volatile oil, 
obtained by sublimation from the wood 
of Campliora officinarum (Br. Ph.). 
Camphorated Acetic Acid. See Aci- 
dum Aceticuin Camphoratum. 
Can'nabis In'dica. (Br. Ph.) The 
flowering tops of Indian Hemp. 
Chloroform. See Cbloroformnm. 
Clilorofor'mum. (Br. Ph.) Chlo- 
roform. A colorless volatile liquid. Spe- 
cific gravity, 1.496. 
Chlorofor'inuin Vena'le. (U.S. 
Ph.) Commercial Chloroform. A color- 
less volatile liquid varying in specific 
gravity from 1.45 to 1.49, obtained by 
distilling a mixture of chloride of lime 
and alcohol. 
Compound Spirit of iEther. See Spir- 
■ t us .V. flier is Ooinpositus. 
Coni'i Fruc'ttis. (Br. Ph.) Hemlock 
Fruit. 
Coni'nm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Hem- 
lock. The leaves of Coni'um macula'turn 
(U.S. Ph.). The fresh leaves and branches 
of Conium maculatum, gathered when the 
fruit begins to form (Br. Ph.). (An active 
poison.) 
Creasote. See Creasotusn. 
Creaso'tnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Creasote. A peculiar substance obtained 
from wood tar (U.S. Ph.). A product of 
the distillation of wood tar (Br. Ph.). 
Datu'ra Stramo'nium. See Stramonii 
Folium. 
Deadly Nightshade. See Bella- 
donna. 
Dulcama'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Bittersweet. The stalks of Sola'num dul- 
cama'ra. 
Ether. See -Ether. 
Extrac'tum Can'nabis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Extract of Hemp. An alcoholic extract 
of the dried tops of Can'nabis sati'va, 
variety In'dica. 
Extrac'tum Can nabis In'dica'. 
(Br. Ph.) Extract of Indian Hemp. See 
preceding article. 
624 CEREBRAL STIMULANTS. 
Hemlock Leaves and Seed. See Co- 
niuiii. 
Henbane. See Hyoscyamus. 
Henbane Leaves. See Myoscyami 
Folium. 
Henbane Seed. See Hyoseyami Se- 
men. 
Hops. See Humitlus. 
Hu mulns. (U.S. Ph.) Hops. The 
strobiles of Hu'mulus lu'pulus. 
Hyoscy'ami Fo lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
The leaves of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. 
Hyoscy'ami Se'men. (U.S. Ph.) 
The seed of Hyoscy'amus ni'ger. 
Hyosey'amns. (Br. Ph.) Henbane. 
The same as Hyoscyami Folium. 
Indian Hemp. See Cannabis Indica. 
Jamaica Dogwood. See Piscidia 
Erythrina. 
Lactu'ca Sati'va. See Eactucarium. 
Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. 
Eaetuca'rium. (U.S. Ph.) The 
concrete juice of Lactu'ca sati’va. 
Lau'rus Cam'phora. See Camphora. 
Lupulin. See Eupulina. 
Eupuli'na. (U.S. Ph.) Lupulin. The 
yellow powder attached to the strobiles 
of Hu'mulus lu’pulus. 
Eu'pulus. (Br. Ph.) Hop. The dried 
catkins of the female plant of Humulus 
lupulus. See Humulus. 
Eyc'opus. (U.S. Ph.) Bugleweed. 
The herb of Lyc'opus Virgin'icus. 
Mor'pbia. (U.S. Ph.) A substance 
in the form of colorless crystals, which 
are inflammable and wholly dissipated 
by a red heat. 
Mor'pbia; Ace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Ace- 
tate of Morphia. A white powder en- 
tirely soluble in water and in alcohol. 
Mor'pliite Hydrochlo'ras. (Br. 
Ph.) Hydrochlorate (or Muriate) of 
Morphia. See next article. 
Mor'phite Mu'rias. (U.S. Ph.) Mu- 
riate of Morphia. A substance occurring 
in snow-white feathery crystals. 
Mor'pbite Sul'phas. (U.S. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Morphia. A substance in 
the form of snow-white feathery crystals 
which are wholly soluble in water. 
Muriate of Morphia. See Morpbiac 
M air 3 ns. 
? Myris'tica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Nutmeg. See Class II., Section IV. 
Nicotia'na Tab'acum. See Tabacum. 
Nitrous Oxide (Gas). See Oxidum 
Bfitrosum. 
Nutmeg. See Myristica. 
O'pium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Opium. 
The concrete (or inspissated) juice of the 
unripe capsules of Papa'ver somnif'erum. 
Ox'idum Nitro'sum. Nitrous Oxide. 
Papa'ver. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Poppy 
Capsules. 
Papa'ver Somnif erum. See Opium. 
Piscid'ia Erythri'na. Jamaica Dog- 
wood. 
Poison Oak, Poison Sumach. See 
Rims Toxicodendron. 
Port Wine. See Vinuan Rortense. 
Pyroxylic Spirit. See Spiritus I’j- 
roxylicus. 
Rlur'as. (Br. Ph.) Red Poppy Petals. 
The petals of Papaver rhceas. 
Iihu8 Toxicoden'dron. See Toxico- 
dendron. 
Sola'num Dulcama'ra. See Dulca- 
mara. 
Spir'itus iE'tlieris Compos’it us. 
Compound Spirit of Ether. See Class 
IV. 
Spir'itus Frumen'ti. (U.S. Ph.) 
“Spirit of Grain/’ or Whiskey. 
Spir'itus Pyroxyl'Icus ltectili- 
ca'tus. (Br. Ph.) Rectified Pyroxylic 
Spirit. 
Spir’itus Rectifica'tus. (Br. Ph.) 
Rectified Spirit. 
• Spir'itus Vi'ni Gal lic!. (U.S. Ph.) 
Spirit of French Wine, or Brandy. 
Stramo'nii Fo'lia. (Br. Ph.) Stra- 
nao'nii Fo'liuin. (U.S. Ph.) Leaves 
of Stramonium. The leaves of Datu’ra 
strumo' nium. 
Ktramo'nii Ra'dix. Root of Stra- 
monium. 
Stramo'nii Se'men. (U.S. Ph.) 
Straneo'nii Sem ina. (Br. Ph.) Seed 
of Stramonium. The seed of Hatu'ra 
stramo' nium. 
Stramonium (Leaf). See Stramo- 
illi Folium. 
Stramonium (Seed). See Stramonii 
Semen. 
Stronger Ether. See AEther For- 
tior. 
? Sty'rax. (U.S. Ph.) Storax. 
Sulphuric Ether. See .Etiier. 
Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
bacco. See Class VII. 
Tobacco. See Tabacum. 
Toxicoden'dron. (U.S. Ph.) Poison 
Oak. The leaves of Rhus toxicoden'dron. 
Vinegar of Opium. See Acetum Opii. 
Vi'nnm. Wine. 
? Vi'nnm Porten'se. (U.S. Ph.) 
Port Wine. See Class I. 
Ti'num Xer'icum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Sherry Wine; otherwise called 
Vi’nnm Al'bum (White Wine). 
Wine. See Vinum. 
Woody Nightshade. See Dulcamara. 
625 ARTERIAL SEDATIVES. 
CLASS VI. 
ARTERIAL SEDATIVES. 
MEDICINES WHICH, BY THEIR IMMEDIATE INFLUENCE, PRODUCE A REDUCTION OF 
THE VITAL ACTIONS. SOME OF THESE ARE DIRECTED MORE ESPECIALLY TO THE 
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, WITHOUT ANY IMMEDIATE INFLUENCE UPON THE NERVOUS 
POWER. THOUGH SEDATIVE IN THEIR GENERAL INFLUENCE, THEY MAY BE STIMU- 
LATING TO PARTICULAR FUNCTIONS OR ORGANS. 
Acetate of Lead. See Plumbi Ace- 
fas. 
Acetic Acid. See Acidum Aceti- 
cum. 
Ac'idum Acet'icum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Acetic Acid. A colorless liquid 
having a pungent odor and a specific 
gravity of 1.047 (U.S. Ph.). An acid 
liquid prepared from wood by destructive 
distillation. Specific gravity, 1.044 (Br. 
Ph.). 
Cit'ricuin. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Citric Acid. A substance in color- 
less crystals, freely soluble in water, and 
soluble in alcohol (U.S. Ph.). An acid 
obtained from lemon-juice, in colorless 
right rhombic prisms (Br. Ph.). 
A('idum Ilydrochlo'ricum. (Br. 
Ph.) Hydrochloric Acid. The same as 
Acidum Muriaticum. 
Ac'idum Muriat'icum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Muriatic Acid; otherwise termed Hydro- 
chloric Acid. An aqueous solution of 
hydrochloric acid gas, of the specific 
gravity 1.160. (Refrigerant and tonic.) 
Ac'idum Ni'tricum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitric Acid. See Class II. 
Ac'idtim Tartar'icum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Tartaric Acid. A substance in 
the form of colorless crystals. 
Ammo'nix Hydroeulphure'tum. Hydro- 
sulphuret of Ammonia. 
Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis An- 
timonialis. 
Antimonial Wine. See Vinum Au- 
timonii. 
Antimo'nii et Potas'sse Tar'tras. 
(U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetic. See Class VIII. 
Antimo'nii Ox'idum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oxide of Antimony. See Class 
VIII. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum. (U.S. 
Ph.) Sulphuret of Antimony. 
Antimo'nium Sulpliuratum. 
(Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Antimony. See 
Class XI. 
Antimo'nium Tartara'tum. (Br. 
Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. The same 
as Antimonii et Potassa* Tart ras. 
Bitartrate of Potash. See Potassa; 
Ititarfras. 
Bo'rax. (Br. Ph.) Biborate of Soda. 
See Sod* Boras. 
Carbonate of Lead. See Plumbi Car- 
bon as. 
Chlorate of Potassa. See Potassa; 
Cliloras. 
Citric Acid. See Acidum Citricnm. 
Cream of Tartar. See Potassse Bi- 
tart ras. 
Ferrocyanide of Potassium. See Po- 
tassii Ferrocyanidum. 
Hydrosulphuret of Ammonia. See 
Ammonia* Hydrosul pint return. 
I.iino iiis Snc'cns. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Lemon-Juice. 
Mo'ri Suc'cus. (Br. Ph.) Mulberry- 
Juiee. The juice of the ripe fruit of 
Mo'rue ni'gra. 
Mulberry-Juice. See Mori Surens. 
Nitrate of Potash. See Potassa; 
Nit ras. 
Nitre. See Potassae Nit ras. 
Oxide of Antimony. See Autimonii 
Oxidnm. 
Pltim'bi Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Acetate of Lead, or Sugar of Lead. See 
Class I. 
Plumbi Farbo'nas. (TT.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Carbonate of Lead, or White Lead. 
See Class I. 
Potas'sse Bitar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bitartrate of Potash, or Cream of Tartar. 
A white powder, dissolved sparingly in 
water. 
Potas'sse t ltlo'ras. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chlorate of Potassa. A salt 
occurring in colorless tabular crystals. 
Potas'sse t’i'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Citrate of Potassa. See Class XI. 
Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitrate of Potash, Nitre, or Salt- 
petre. A salt occurring in colorless 
prismatic crystals, unalterable in the 
air. 
Potas'sse Tar t ras Ac'ida. (Br. 
Ph.) Acid Tartrate of Potash. The 
same as Potassa; Bitartras. 
626 ARTERIAL SEDATIVES.—NERVOUS SEDATIVES. 
Potas'sii Ferrocyan'idum. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ferrocyanide of Potassium. 
Pul'vis Antimonia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
Rhus Gla'bruin. (U.S. Ph.) Su- 
mach. The fruit of Jlhus glabrum. 
Saltpetre. See Potassse Aitras. 
So'dae Bo ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate of 
Soda, or Borax. A salt in colorless crys- 
tals, which slightly effloresce in dry air. 
Sugar of Lead. See Plumbi Acetas. 
Sulphurated Antimony. See Aitti- 
monium Sulphuratum. 
Sulphuret of Antimony. See Anti- 
monii KulpSiurctum. 
Sumach. See Rlius Glabrum. 
Tamarind. See Tamarind us. 
Tamarin'dus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tamarind. The preserved fruit of Tama- 
rin'dus In'dica. 
Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
Potassa; Tartras. 
Tartarated Antimony. See Antimo- 
nium Tartaratum. 
Tartaric Acid. See Acidum Tarta- 
ricum. 
Tartarized Antimony. See Antimo- 
il i i et Potassa; Tartras. 
Tartrate of Antimony and Potash. 
See Antimonii et Potassa* Tartras. 
Vi'mum Antimonia'le. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Wine. The same as Vinum 
Antimonii. 
Vi'num Antimo nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
Antimonial Wine, or Wine of Antimony. 
See Class VIII. 
NERVOUS SEDATIVES. 
CLASS VII. 
MEDICINES WHICH, IN THEIR PRIMARY OPERATION, REDUCE AT THE SAME TltfE THE 
NERVOUS POWER AND THE FORCE OF THE CIRCULATION. 
Ac'idum Ilydrocyan'icum Di- 
lu'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Diluted 
Hydrocyanic Acid or Prussic Acid. A 
colorless liquid, having a peculiar odor: 
specific gravity, 0.997. 
Aconite. See Aconitum. 
Aconite Root. Sec Aconiti Radix. 
A coni'tin. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Aeonitin. (A deadly poison, except in 
extremely minute doses.) 
Aconi'ti Fo'littm. (U.S. Ph.) Aco- 
nite Leaf. The leaves of Aconi'tum 
napel'lus. 
Aconi'ti Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Aconite Root. The root of Aconi'tum 
napel'lus (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
Aconitum napellus (Br. Ph.). 
Aconi'tum. (Br. Ph.) Aconite. 
Monkshood. The fresh leaves and 
flowering tops of Aconi'tum napel'lus. 
Black Snakeroot. See Cimicifuga. 
Cherry Laurel Leaves. See S.auro- 
cerasus. 
? Cimiciff'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Snakeroot. The root of Cimicifuga 
racemo'sa. See Class II., Section II. 
Cimicifuga Pacemo'sa. See Cimi- 
cifuga. 
? Col'chicum. See Class X. 
Cyanide of Potassium. See Potassii 
Cyan id u m. 
Cyanuret of Potassium. See Potassii 
Cyanuretum. 
Rigitali'num. (Br. Ph.) Digitalin. 
The active principle obtained from Digi- 
talis, a white, intensely hitter substance, 
which is inodorous, but powerfully irri- 
tates the nostrils. (It is an active poison.) 
Digita'lis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Digi- 
talis. Foxglove. The leaves of Digi- 
ta'lis purpu'rea, from plants of the second 
year’s growth (U.S. Ph.). The dried 
leaf of Digitalis purpurea, gathered when 
about two-thirds of the flowers are ex- 
panded (Br. Ph.). 
Foxglove. See Digitalis. 
? Ccelse'mium. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
of Gelsemium sempervirens. 
Hydrocyanic Acid. See Acidum 
Ilydroeyanicum Diliitmn. 
Faurocer'asus. (Br. Ph.) Cherry 
Laurel Leaves. The fresh leaves of the 
Prunus laurocerasus. 
Monkshood. See Aconitum. 
Nicotia'na Tab'acum. Sec Tabacnm. 
Oil of Almonds (Oleum Amygda- 
lae). See Class XIX. 
Oil of Bitter Almonds. See Oleum 
Amygdala; Amara*. 
O leum Amyg dalae Ama'rse. (U. 
S. Ph.) Oil of Bitter Almonds. The oil 
obtained by distilling with water the 
kernels of the fruit of Amyg'dalus com- 
mu'nis, variety ama'ra. 
Potas'sii Cyan'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Cyanide of Potassium. A substance in 
627 NERVOUS SEDATIVES.—EMETICS. 
white, opaque, amorphous pieces, having 
an alkaline reaction. 
Potas'sii Cyanure'tum. See Potassii 
Cyaniduin. 
Prussic Acid. See Acidum Ilydro- 
eyanicum. 
f Spir'itus Pyroxyl'icus. Pyroxylic 
Spirit. 
Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tobacco. The dried leaves of Nicotia'na 
tab'acum. 
Tobacco. See Tabacnm. 
clIss viti. 
MEDICINES CAPABLE OF PRODUCING VOMITING IN CERTAIN DOSES, AND AS AN ORDI- 
NARY RESULT. 
EMETICS. 
Indian Tobacco. See Eobelia. 
Ipecacuanha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Ipecacuan. The root of Cephae'lis ipe- 
cacuanha (U.S. Ph.). The dried root of 
Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Br. Ph.). 
Ipecacuanha Spurge. See Euphor- 
bia Ipecacuanha. 
I'ris Florenti'na. (U.S. Ph.) Flo- 
rentine Orris. The rhizoma of Iris Flo- 
rentina. See Class IX. 
I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
Flag. The rhizoma of Iris versicolor. 
Eobe'lia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
Tobacco. The herb of Lobe'lia injla'ta 
(U.S. Ph.). The herb in flower, dried, 
of Lobelia injlata (Br. Ph.). 
Marsh Trefoil. See Menyanthes 
Trifoliata. 
Me'lia Azed'aracli. See Azedarach. 
Jflenyan'thes Tri/olia'ta. Buckbean, or 
Marsh Trefoil. 
Milkweed. See Euphorbia C’orol- 
lata. 
Mustard. See Sinapis. 
Nicotia'na Tab'acum. SeeTabacum. 
Pliytolac'ca. See Phytolaeese Bac- 
c*. 
Phytolae'cse Bac'ese. (U.S. Ph.) 
Poke Berries. The berries of Phyto- 
lac' ca decan'dra. 
Phytolac'cse Radix. (U.S. Ph.) 
Poke Root. The root of Pliytolac'ca 
decan'dra. 
Poke Berries. See Phytolaeese 
Baccae. 
Poke Root. See Phytolacca} Radix. 
Polyg'ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
Pride of China, or Pride of India. 
See Azedarach. 
Queen’s Root. Sec Stillingia. 
Sanguina’ria. (U.S. Ph.) Blood- 
root. The rhizoma of Sanguina' ria Cana- 
den'sis. 
Scil'Ia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
, See Class XII. 
SECTION I—Vegetable Emetics. 
Ace'tiiui ScHTse. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
gar of Squill. See Class XII. 
Adder’s Tongue. SeeErythronium. 
American Hellebore. See Veratrum 
Vi ride. 
Apoc'ynuin Androsscstiifo'lium. 
(U.S. Ph.) Dogsbane. The root of 
Apocynum, androssemifolium. 
Apoc'ynum famiabi'nnin. (U.S. 
Ph.) Indian Hemp. The root of Apoc- 
ynum cannabinum. 
Ascle'pias Curassavi'ca. Bastard Ipe- 
cacuanha, or Blood Weed. 
Ascle'pias Incarna'ta. Flesh-colored 
Asclepias. 
Azed’arach. (U.S.Ph.) See Class IX. 
Bloodroot. See Sanguinaria. 
Blue Flag. See Iris Versicolor. 
Buckbean. See Menyanthes Tri- 
foliata. 
Cephae'lis Ipecacuanha. See Ipe- 
cacuanha. 
Delphin'ium Stapliisa'gria. Stavesacre. 
Erythro'nium America'num. Adder’s 
Tongue. 
Eupato’rium. (U.S. Ph.) Tho- 
roughwort, or Boneset. See Class II., 
Section III., and Class XI., Section I. 
Euphor bia Corolla’ta. (U.S. Ph.) 
Spurge, or Large-flowering Spurge. The 
root of Euphorbia corollata. 
Etiphor'bia Ipecacuan'ha. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ipecacuanha Spurge. The root 
of Euphori>ia ipecacuanha. 
Fever Root. See Triosteum. 
Flesh-colored Asclepias. See Ascle- 
pias Incarnata. 
Florentine Orris. See Iris Floren- 
tina. 
Gille'nia. (U.S. Ph.) The root of 
Gille'nia tri/olia'ta, and of Gille'nia 
stipula' cea. 
Gille'nia Tri/olia'ta. See Gillenia. 
628 MINERAL EMETICS. 
Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
See Class XII. 
Seneka. See Senega. 
Sina pis. (Br. Ph.) Mustard. See 
next article. 
Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
Mustard. See Class XVII. 
Spurge. See Fuphorbia Corollata. 
Squill. See Scilla. 
Stavesacre. See Belphinium Sta- 
ph i sag ri a. 
Stillin'gia. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
of Stillin'gia sylvat'ica. 
Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
bacco. See Class VII. 
Tobacco. See Tabacum. 
Trios'teum. (U.S. Ph.) Fever Root, 
or Wild Ipecac. See Class IX. 
Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) An 
alkaloid obtained from cevadilla. A pale- 
gray, intensely acrid and bitter sub- 
stance, without smell, but, in the most 
minute quantity, powerfully irritating 
the nostrils. (An active poison.) 
Vera'trum Album. (U.S. Ph.) 
White Hellebore. The rhizoma of Ve- 
ratrnm album. 
Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
American Hellebore. The rhizoma of 
Vei-atnun viride. 
Vinegar of Squill. See Acetum 
Scilla;. 
White Hellebore. See Veratrum 
Album. 
Wild Ipecac. See Triosteum. 
SECTION II.—Mineral Emetics. 
Antimonial Powder. See Pulvis 
Antimonial is. 
Antimo'nii et Potas'sse Tar'tras. 
(U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetic. Tartrate of 
Antimony and Potassa. A salt occur- 
ring in transparent crystals, which be- 
come white and opaque on exposure to 
the air. 
Antimo'nii Ox'idum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oxide of Antimony. A white or 
grayish-white powder, insoluble in water. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure tum. (U.S. 
Ph.) Sulphuret of Antimony. Native 
tersulphuret of antimony, purified by 
fusion. 
Antimo'nium Sulphura'tum. 
(Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Antimony. See 
Class XI. 
Antimo'nium Tartara'tum. (Br. 
Ph.) Tartarated Antimony, or Tartar 
Emetic. The same as Antimonii et 
Potass* Tartras. 
Bichromate of Lead. See I’lumiii 
Bieliromas. 
Bichromate of Potassa. See Potassa; 
Bieliromas. 
Blue Vitriol. See Fupri Snlplias. 
Chloride of Sodium. See Sodii thlo- 
riduni. 
Fu'pri Sulphas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. 
See Class XVIII. 
Hjdrargjri Sulphas Fla'va. 
(U.S. Ph.) Yellow Sulphate of Mercury, 
or Turpeth Mineral. A lemon-yellow 
powder, sparingly soluble in water. 
Oxide of Antimony. See Antimonii 
Oxid inn. 
Plum'bi Bieliromas. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bichromate of Lead. 
Potas'sse Bicliro'nias. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bichromate of Potassa. A substance in 
the form of orange-red, anhydrous, tabu- 
lar crystals. 
Pul'vis Antinionia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
Salt. See Swlii Cliloridum. 
? So'dii Fhlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. See Class II., Section V. 
Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphate of Zinc. See Zinci Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphurated Antimony. See Anti- 
monium Sulphuratuin. 
Sulphuret of Antimony. See Anti- 
monii Sulphuretum. 
Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
Potassa; Tartras. 
Tartarated Antimony. See Antimo- 
nium Tartaratum. 
Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa. 
See Antimonii et Potassa; Tar- 
tras. 
Turpeth Mineral. See Hydrargyri 
Sulphas Flava. 
Vi'num Antimo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
Antimonial Wine, or Wine of Antimony. 
A solution of tartar emetic in sherry 
wine. See Class XI. 
White Vitriol. See Zinci Sulphas. 
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. See 
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava. 
Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Zinc, or White Vitriol. A 
substance occurring in colorless crys- 
tals. 
629 VEGETABLE' CATHARTICS. 
CLASS IX. 
CATHARTICS 
UliCTIOIT I,—Vegetable Cathartics. 
? Al'elris. (U.S. Ph.) Star Grass. 
See Class II., Section II. 
Al oe Barbailen'sis. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Barbadoes Aloes. The inspissated 
juice of tha leaves of Al'oe vulga'ris. 
Al'oe Capen'sis. (U.S.Ph.) Cape 
Aloes. 
Al'oe Hepat'ica. Hepatic Aloes. 
Al'oe Socotri'na. (U.S. and Br 
Ph.) Socotrine Aloes. The inspissated 
juice of the leaves of the Aloe Socotrina 
(U.S. Ph.). The inspissated juice of the 
leaves of one or more undetermined 
species of Aloe (Br. Ph.). 
Al'oe Vulga'ris. See Aloe Barba- 
densis. 
Aloes. See Aloe Barbadensis, <fcc. 
American Senna. See Cassia Mari- 
landica. 
A’pium Petroseli'num. See Petrose- 
liuuin. 
Apos'ynum Cannabi'nuni. (U.S. 
Ph.) Indian Hemp. See Class VIII. 
Asagne'a Ojficina'lis. See Sabadilla. 
? Ascle'pias. (U.S.Ph.) Butterfly- 
weed. See Class XI. 
1 Ascle'pias Incarna'ta. Flesh-colored 
Asclepias. 
? Ascle'pias Syri'aca. Common Milk- 
weed, or Silkweed. 
Ascle'pias Tubero'sa. See Aselepias. 
Azed'aracli. (U.S. Ph.) The bark 
of the root of Me'lia azed!arach. 
Barbadoes Nut. See (ureas I*or- 
gans. 
Bear’s-foot. See llelleborus Fceti- 
dus. 
Be'la. Bael. The ripe fruit of the 
JE'gle Mar'melos. (A bland and excellent 
aperient.) See Class I., Section I. 
Benne Oil. See Oleum Sesarni. 
Black Hellebore. See llelleborus. 
Bladder Senna. See Colutea Arbo- 
rescens. 
Blue Flag. See Iris Versicolor. 
Bryony. Tho root of Bryo'niaal'ba. 
Buckbean. See Menyantlies Trifo- 
liata. 
Buckthorn. See Rliamnus Catliar- 
ticus. 
Burdock. See Lappa. 
VEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE EVACUATIONS FROM THE BOWELS. 
Butterflj-wced. See Asclepias. 
Butternut. See Juglans. 
Cambo'gia. (Br. Ph.) Gamboge. 
The gum resin of an undetermined spe- 
cies of Garcin'ia. See <jiamI)ogia. 
Car'thamus. (U.S.Ph.) Safflower, or 
Dyer’s Saffron. (Laxative.) See Class XI. 
Cas'sia. (Br. Ph.) Purging Cassia. 
The pulp of the pods of Cas'sia fis'- 
tula. See Cassia Fistula. 
Cas'sia Acuti/o'lia. See Senna. 
Cas'sia Elonga'ta. See Senna, 
j Cas'sia Fis tula. (U.S. Ph.) Purg- 
; ing Cassia. The fruit of Cassia fistula. 
Cas'sia Marilan'dica. (U.S. Ph.) 
American Senna. The leaves of Cassia 
Marilandica. 
Cas'sia Obova'ta. See Senna. 
Castor Oil. See Oleum Iticini. 
Celandine. See Oielitfonium llajus. 
Cevadilla. See Sabartilla. 
Chelido'nium Ma'jus. Celandine. 
Cissam'pelos Parei'ra. See Pareira. 
Citrul'lus Colocyn' this. See Colocyn- 
tliis. 
? Col'chicum. See Classes XXI. and X. 
Coloeynth. See Colocyntliis. 
Colocyntliis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Coloeynth. The fruit, deprived of its 
rind, of Citrul'lus colocyn'this. 
Cola'tea Arboresfiens. Bladder Senna. 
Common Silkweed. See Aselepias 
Syriaea. 
Convol'milus Pandura'tus. AVild Potato. 
Convol'vulus Scammo'nia, See Scam- 
inoninm. 
Copai'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
paiva. See Class X. 
Copaiva. See Copaiba. 
Croton Oil. See Oleum Tiglii, or 
Crotonis Oleum. 
Cro'ton Tiy' Hum. See Oleum Tiglii. 
Croto'nis O’leum. See Oleum Cro- 
tonis. 
Cu'cumis Colocyn'this. See Colocyn- 
tb is. 
Citr'cas Pur'tjans. Barbadoes Nut. 
Delph in'ium Staphisa'gria. Stavesaere. 
Dyer’s Saffron. See Cartliamus. 
Elate'rium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) A 
substance deposited by the juice of the 
fruit of Momor'dica elate’rium (U.S. Ph.). 
A sediment from the expressed juice of 
630 VEGETABLE CATHARTICS. 
the fruit of Echo.'Hum offieina'rum (Br. 
Ph.). 
Elder. See Sambucus. 
Euon'ymus Atropurpn'reus. Wahoo. 
Exogo'nium Pur'ga. See Jniapa. 
Extract of Butternut. See Extrac- 
tum Juglandis. 
Extrac'tum Juglan'dis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Extract of Butternut. 
Fever Root. See Triosteum. 
Fi'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fig. 
(Laxative.) 
Fig. See Ficus. 
Flesh-colored Asclepias. See Asele- 
pias Incarnata. 
Florentine Orris. See Iris Floren- 
tina. 
Frax'inus Or'nus. See Manna. 
Gamboge. See Gambogia. 
Gambo'gia. (U.S. Ph.) Gamboge. 
The concrete juice of an undetermined 
tree. 
Grat'iola Offeina'lis. Hedge Hyssop. 
Helleb'orus. (U.S. Ph.) Black Hel- 
lebore. The root of Helleb'orus ni'ger. 
Helleb'orus Foet'idus. Bear’s-foot. See 
Class XXIII. 
Honey. See Mel. 
Horehound. See Marrubium. 
Ipomse'a Jala'pa, or Ipomm'a Pur'ga. 
See .lalapa. 
I'ris Florenti'na. (U.S. Ph.) Flo- 
rentine Orris. The rhizoma of Iris Flo- 
rentina. 
I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
Flag. The rhizoma of Iris versicolor. 
Jala'pa. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Jalap. 
The root of Exogo'nium pur'ga, or Ipo- 
mie'a jala'pa. 
Jala'pm Resi'na. (Br. Ph.) See Re- 
sina Jalapse. 
Jat'ropha Pur'gans. See CurcasPur- 
gans. 
Ju'glans. (U.S. Ph.) Butternut. 
The inner bark of the root of the Jug- 
lans cinerea. 
Lap'pa. (U.S. Ph.) Burdock. The 
root of Lap'pa mi'nor. 
Leptan'dra. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
of Veron'ica Virgin'ica (otherwise called 
Leptandra Virginica). 
Leptan'drin. A resinous extract from 
the root of Veron'ica Virgin'ica. 
Li'num Cathar'ticum. Purging Flax. 
? Litb'iaeCi'tras. (Br. Ph.) Citrate 
of Lithia. 
Man'll a. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
concrete juice, in flakes, of Frax'inus 
or nus, and of Frax'inus rotundi/o'lia. 
1 Marru bium. (U.S. Ph.) Hore- 
hound. See Class II. 
Marsh Trefoil. See Menyantlies. 
May Apple. See Podophyllum. 
Mel. (U.S. and Br. Bh.) Honey. 
Me'(ia Azed'arach. See Azedaracli. 
Menyan'thes Trifolia'ta. Buelvbean. 
or Marsh Trefoil. 
Molasses. See Syrupus Fuscus. 
Momor'dica Elate'rium. See Elate- 
riiiin. 
Mustard. See Sinapis Alba, 
©'leum Croto'nis. (Br. Ph.) Croton 
Oil. The same as Oleum Tigiii. 
? O'leum Li'ni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Flaxseed or Linseed Oil. See Class XX. 
O'leum Oli'vse. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Olive Oil, or Sweet Oil. The oil ex- 
pressed from the fruit of the O'lea Eu- 
ropve'a. (Laxative.) 
O'leum Ric'ini. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Castor Oil. The oil expressed from the 
seeds of Riq'inus commn'nis. 
O'leum Ses'ami. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
Oil. 
O'leum Terebiii'thime. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. See Class X. 
O'leum Tlg'lii. (U.S. Ph.) Croton 
Oil. The oil obtained from the geeds of 
Croton tiglium. 
Olive Oil. See Oleum Olivae. 
Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pareira 
Brava. The root of Cissam'pelos parei'ra. 
Parei'ra Bra'va. See Pareira. 
Parsley Root. See Petroselinum. 
Petroselinum. (U.S. Ph.) Pars- 
ley Root. (Aperient.) See Class X. 
Phytolacca; Radix. (U.S. Ph.) 
Poke Root. See Class VIII. 
Pleurisy Root. See Asclepias Tu- 
berosa. 
Podopliyl'li Resina. (Br. Ph.) 
See Resina Podopliylli. 
Podophyllin. See Resina Podo- 
phylli. 
Podophyl'lum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
May Apple. The rhizoma of Podophyl'- 
lum peltn'tum. 
Polyg'ala Rubel la? (U.S. Ph.) 
The root and herb of Polygala rubella. 
Pride of China, or Pride of India. See 
Azedaracli. 
Prune. See Prunum. 
Prn'num. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Prune. 
The dried fruit of Pru'nus domes'tica. (A 
mild laxative.) 
Pru'nus Domes'tica. See Prunum. 
Purging Cassia. See Cassia Fistula. 
Purging Flax. See Li num Catliar- 
ticum. 
Queen’s Root. See Stillingia. 
Resi'na Jala'pse, (U.S. Ph.) Resin 
of Jalap. 
631 VEGETABLE CATHARTICS.—MINERAL CATHARTICS. 
Resi'na Podophyl'li. (U.S. Ph.) 
Resin of Podophyllum. 
Resi'na Scammo'nii. (U.S. Ph.) 
Resin of Scammony. 
Rkam'nus Cathar'ticus. Buckthorn, 
ithe'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Rhu- 
barb. The root of Ithe'um palma'tum 
and of other species of Rheum (U.S. 
Ph.). The root of one or more undeter- 
mined species of Rheum (Br. Ph.). 
Rhubarb. See Rheum. 
Rig'inus Commu'nis. See Oleum Ri- 
cini. 
SabadilTa. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
dilla. The fruit of Vera'lrnm sabadil'la 
(U.S. Ph.). The dried fruit of Asagrse'a 
officinallis (I’r. Ph.). 
Sambu'cus. Elder. The inner bark. 
See Class XI. 
Sa'po. (U.S.Ph.) Soap. Soap made 
with soda and olive oil. (Mostly given 
in combination with other medicines). 
Sa'po Valga'vie. Common Soap. See 
Sapo. 
Scammo'niae Ra'dix. (Br. Ph.) 
Scammony Root. 
Scammo'niae Resi'na. (Br. Ph.) 
See Resina Scammonii. 
Scainmo'nium. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Scammony. The concrete juice of the 
root of Convol'vulus scammo'nia (U.S. 
Ph.). A gum resin obtained from the 
living root of Convolvulus sc,ammonia 
(Br. Ph.). 
Scammony. See Scammonium. 
?Sen'ega. (U.S. andBr. Ph.) Seneka. 
See Class XII. 
Seneka. See Senega. 
Sen'na. (U.S. Ph.) Senna. The 
leaflets of Cas'sia acutifo'lia, of Gas'sia 
ohova'ta, and of Cas'sia elonga'ta. 
Sen'na Alexandri'na. (Br. Ph.) 
Alexandrian Senna. The leaves of Cas- 
sia lanceolata and Cassia obovata. 
Sen'na In'dica. (Br. Ph.) Tinni- 
velly Senna. The leaves of Cassia elon- 
gata. 
Sina'pis. (Br. Ph.) Mustard. See 
Class XVII. 
Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) Mus- 
tard. (The unbroken seed is laxative.) 
See Class XVIT. 
Sina'pis Jfi'gra. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Mustard. See Class XVII. 
Stavesacre. See Belpliinium. 
Stillin'gia. (U.S. Ph.) Queen’s 
Root. The root of Stillin'gia sylvat'ica. 
Sweet Oil. See Oleum Olivae. 
Syru'pus Fus'eus. -(U.S. Ph.) 
“Brown Syrup,” or Molasses. (Laxa- 
tive.) 
Tamarin'dus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tamarind. (Aperient.) See Class VI. 
Tarax'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Dandelion. See Class X. 
? Torebin'til ilia. (U.S. Ph.) Tur- 
pentine. See Class X. 
Tiler i'aea. (Br. Ph.) Treacle. The 
uncrystallized residue of the refining of 
sugar. See Syrup us Fusciis. 
Treacle. See Tlieriaca. 
Trios'tcum. (U.S. Ph.) Fever Root. 
The root of Trios'team perfolia' turn. 
Turpentine. See Terebinthina. 
Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.)' An 
alkaloid obtained from cevadilla. See 
Class VIII., -Section I. 
Vera'trnm Al'buan. (U.S. Ph.) 
White Hellebore. See Class VIII., Sec- 
tion I. 
? Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
American Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
Veron'ica Virgin'ica. See Leptandra. 
Wahoo. See Euonymus Atropur- 
p 11 reus. 
White Hellebore. See Veratrum 
Album. 
Wild Ipecac. See Trlosteum. 
Wild Potato. See Convolvulus 
Paiuluratus. 
SECTION II— Mineral Cathartics. 
Acetate of Magnesia. See Magnesise 
Acotas. 
Acetate of Potassa. See Potassie 
Acetas. 
Antitnonial Powder. See Pulvis An- 
tiniouialis. 
Bitartrate of Potassa. See Potassae 
Bitartras. 
Black Oxide of Mercury. See Ily- 
drargyri Oxidum Nigrum. 
Brimstone. See Sulphur. 
Calcined Magnesia. See Magnesia. 
Calomel. See Calomelas. 
Calom'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel. Same 
as Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite. 
Carbonate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
sias Carbonas. 
Chloride of Magnesium. See Mag- 
nesii Cliloridum. 
Citrate of Potassa. See Potassae 
Citrus. 
Citrate of Soda. See Soda- Citras. 
Cream of Tartar. See Potassae Bi- 
tartras. 
Crystals of Tartar. See Potassae 
Bitartras. 
Epsom Salts. See Magnesiae Sul- 
phas. 
Glauber’s Salts. See Sodae Sulphas. 
632 MINERAL CATHARTICS. 
Ilydrar'gyri C’hlo'ridum Mi'te. 
(U.S. Ph.) Calomel. Mild Chloride of 
Mercury. See Class XXI. 
Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ni'ymm. Black 
Oxide of Mercury. See Classes XIV. 
and XXI. 
Liquor Magne'site Citra'tis. 
(U.S. Ph.) Solution of Citrate of Mag- 
nesia. 
Magne'sia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cal- 
cined Magnesia. A white powder in- 
soluble in water, but readily dissolved by 
acids without effervescence. 
.1 lagne'six Ace'tas. Acetate of Mag- 
nesia. 
Magne'site Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Magnesia. A 
white substance in powder or pulverulent 
masses, wholly dissolved by dilute sul- 
phuric acid. 
Magne'site Sul phas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Sulphate of Magnesia, or Epsom 
Salts. A salt in minute colorless crys- 
tals, which slowly effloresce on exposure 
to the air, and are very soluble in water. 
Magne'sii Chlo'ridum. Chloride of 
Magnesium. 
Mangane'sii Sul'pirns. (U.S. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Manganese. (Cholagogue.) 
Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Chloridum Mite. 
Muriate of Magnesia. See Magnesii 
Chloridum. 
Phosphate of Soda. See Sodte Phos- 
phas. 
Potas'ste Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. Ph-) 
Acetate of Potassa. See Class X. 
Potas'ste Bitar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bitartrate of Potassa, or Cream of Tartar. 
See Class VI. 
Potas'ste Ci'tras. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Citrate of Potassa. (A cooling 
aperient.) See Class XI. 
Potas'ste et So'dte Tar'tras. (U.S. 
Ph.) Tartrate of Potash and Soda, or 
Rochelle Salt. A substance in colorless 
transparent crystals, which are wholly 
and readily soluble in five parts of boil- 
ing water. 
Potas’ste Sul'phas. (LLS. and Br. 
Ph.) Sulphate of Potash, sometimes 
called Vitriolated Tartar. A salt in hard 
colorless crystals, unalterable in the air, 
sparingly soluble in water, and insoluble 
in alcohol. 
Potas'steTar'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tartrate of Potash. A salt in white 
or colorless crystals, wholly and readily 
soluble in four parts of boiling water. 
Potas'ste Tar'tras A$'ida. (Br. 
Ph.) Acid Tartrate of Potash. The 
same as Potass* Bitartras. 
? Pul'vis Antimonia'Iis. (Br. Ph.) 
Antiinonial Powder. See Class XI. 
Rochelle Salt. See Sodte et Potas- 
s* Tartras. 
Salt. See Sodii Chloridum. 
So'dse Ci'tras. Citrate of Soda. 
So da- et Potas'ste Tar tras. (Br. 
Ph.) Tartrate of Potash and Soda, or 
Rochelle Salt. See Potassse et Sodte 
Tartras. 
So'dse Phos'phas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Phosphate of Soda. A salt in 
colorless transparent crystals, which 
speedily effloresce when exposed to the 
air. It is wholly soluble in water, but 
insoluble in alcohol. 
So'dse Sul'phas. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
phate of Soda, or Glauber’s Salts. A salt 
in colorless crystals, which rapidly efflo- 
resce on exposure to the air, and are 
wholly soluble in water. 
So'dse Tar'traft. Tartrate of Soda. 
So'dii Chlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium. Common 
Salt. See Class II., Section III. 
Solution of Citrate of Magnesia. See 
Liquor Magnesite tit rat is. 
Sublimed Sulphur. See Sulphur 
Suhliinatum. 
Sulphate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
sia; Sulphas. 
Sulphate of Manganese. See Man- 
ganesii Sulphas. 
Sulphate of Potash. See Potasste 
Sulphas. 
Sulphate of Soda. See Soda* Sul- 
phas. 
Sul'phur Lo tam. (U. S. Ph.) 
Washed Sulphur. Sublimed sulphur 
thoroughly washed with water. See 
Class XI. 
Sul'phur Prteeipita'tum. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Precipitated Sulphur. 
See Class XI. 
Sul'phur Sublima'tum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Sublimed Sulphur. A greenish- 
yellow powder which is entirely volati- 
lized by heat. 
Tartrate of Potash. See Potasste 
Tartras. 
Tartrate of Potash and Soda. See 
Potasste et Sodte Tartras. 
Tartrate of Soda. See Sodte Tar- 
tras. 
Yitriolated Tartar. See Potassse 
Sulphas. 
Washed Sulphur. See Sulphur Lo- 
tum. 
633 DIURETICS. 
CLASS X. 
DIURETICS. 
MEDICINES WHICH INCREASE THE SECRETION OF URINE. 
A'bies Balsa'mea. SeeTerebinthina. 
Acetate of Potassa. See Potass* 
Acetas. 
Acetate of Soda. See Sod* Acetas. 
Ace'tumCol'chici. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
gar of Colchicum. 
? Ace'tum Scil'l*. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
gar of Squill. 
? Aconite. See Aconitum. 
? Aconi'tum. (Br. Ph.) Aconite. 
American Hellebore. See Veratrum 
Viride. 
Ammo'ni* Benzo'as. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Benzoate of Ammonia. 
Anacar'dium Occidenta'le. Cashew 
Nut. See Class XVIII. 
A'pium Petroseli'num. See Petrose- 
linnm. 
Cannabi'num. (U.S. 
Ph.) Indian Ilemp. See Class VIII. 
A'qua Ac'idiCarbon'ici. (U.S. Ph.) 
Carbonic Acid Water. See Class XI. 
? Ar'butu8 U'va Ur'si. See Class I. 
Armora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
Root. The fresh root of Cochlea'ria 
armora'cia. See Class XV. 
Artichoke (Garden). See Cyuara 
Scolyinus. 
Aspar'agus Officina'lis. 
At'ropa Belladon'na. See Bella- 
donna. 
Balsam of Copaiva. See Copaiba. 
Baros'ma Crena'ta, Baros'ma Betuli'na, 
etc. See Buchu, and Bucco. 
Belladon'na. (Br. Ph.) The same 
as Belladonu* Folium. 
Belladonna Leaf. See Belladonn* 
Folium. 
Belladonna Root. See Belladonn* 
Radix. 
Belladon'n* Fo'liuin. (U.S. Ph.) 
Belladonna Leaf. See Class V. 
Belladon'n* Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Belladonna Root. See Class V. 
Biborate of Soda. See Borax. 
Bicarbonate of Potassa. See Potas- 
s* Bicarbonas. 
Bitartrate of Potash. See Potass* 
Bitartras. 
Borate of Soda. See Sod* Boras. 
Bo'rax. (Br. Ph.) Biborate of Soda. 
Borax. 
Broom. See Scoparius. 
Bnc'co. (Br. Ph.) Buchu. The dried 
leaves of Baros'ma betuli'na, B. crenula'ta, 
and B. serrati/o’lia. See next article. 
Bu'chn. (U.S. Ph.) Buchu, or Bookoo. 
The leaves of Baros'ma crena'ta (Dios'- 
ma crena'ta), and of other species of Ba- 
rosma. 
Burdock. See Lappa. 
Cakin'ca or Cainca. 
Canada Turpentine. See Terebin- 
tliina. 
Cantharidcs. See Cantharis. 
Can'tlinris. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Span- 
ish Flies, or Canthar'ides. See Class 
XVI. 
Can'tharis Vitta'ta. Potato Flies. See 
Class XVI. 
Cap'paris Spino'sa. Caper-Bush. 
Carbonate of Potash. See Potass* 
Carbonas. 
Carbonic Acid Water. See Aqua 
Acidi Carbouici. 
Caro'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Carrot Seed, and 
Boot of Wild Carrot. Dau'cus caro'ta. 
Cashew Nut. See Anaeardium 
Occidentale. 
Chimaph'ila. (U.S. Ph.) Pipsis- 
sewa. The leaves of Chimaph'ila umbel- 
la'ta. 
Cissam'pelos Parei'ra. See Pareira. 
Clem'atis Erec'ta (Virgin’s Bower), and 
other species of Clematis. 
Cochlea'ria Armora'cia. See Armo- 
raeia. 
Cochlea'ria Officina'lis. Scurvy Grass. 
Col'chici Cor'mus. (Br. Ph.) Col- 
chicum Corm. The same as Colchici 
Radix. 
Col'chici Ra'dix. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
ehicum Root. See Class XXI. 
Col'chici Se'men. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Colchicum Seed. See Class XXI. 
Colehicum Root. See Colchici Ra- 
dix. 
Colchicum Seed. See Colchici Se- 
men. 
? Convolvulus Pandura'tus. Wild Po- 
tato. See Class IX., Section I. 
Copai'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Co- 
paiva, or Balsam of Copaiba. The juice 
of Copaif era multij'uga, and of other 
species of Copaif era (U.S. Ph.). Tho 
oleo-resin obtained from the trunk of 
634 DIURETICS. 
Copaifera multijuga and other species of 
Copaifera (Br. Ph.). 
Copaifera Multij' uga. See Copaiba. 
Copaiva. See Copaiba. 
Coryd'alis Formo'sa. Turkey Corn. 
Creasote. See Creasotum. 
Creaso'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Crea- 
sote. See Class V. 
Cube'ba. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Cubeb, 
or Cubebs. The berries of Pi'per cube'ba 
(U.S. Ph.). The unripe fruit, dried, of 
Cube'ba officina'lis (Br. Ph.). 
Cyn'ara Scol'ymus. Garden Artichoke. 
Cyt'isus Scopa'rius. See Seoparius. 
Dandelion. See Taraxacum. 
Daph'ne Gnid'ium. See Jlezereum. 
Daph'ne Mezere'um. See Mezereum. 
Dau'ci Ra'dix. Garden Carrot Root. 
Dau’cus Caro'ta. See Carota. 
Delphinium. (U.S. Ph.) Larkspur. 
The seed of Delphin’ium consol'ida. 
? Delphin’ium Staphisa'gria. Staves- 
acre. 
Digita'lis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fox- 
glove. Digitalis. See Class VII. 
Dios’ma Crena'ta. See Buchu. 
Dulcama ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Bittersweet. See Class V. 
Epige'a Re'pens. Trailing Arbutus. 
Erig'eron. (U.S. Ph.) Fleabane. 
The herb of Erig'eron heterophyl'him 
and of Erig'eron PhiladeVphicum. 
Erig'eron Canaden'se. (U.S. Ph.) 
Canada Fleabane. The herb of Erigeron 
Canadense. 
Erig'eron Heterophyl'lum. See Erige- 
ron. 
Fer'ri Iod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
of Iron. See Class XIII. and Class II., 
Section V. 
Fleabane. See Erigeron. 
Foxglove. See Digitalis. 
Garden Artichoke. See Cynara 
Scolymus. 
Garden Carrot. See Dauci Radix. 
Gene'va. See Oin. 
Gin (Gene'va). Spirit distilled from 
juniper berries. 
Hellebore, White. See Veratrum 
Album. 
Hemides'mus. (Br. Ph.) Indian 
Sarsaparilla. See Class II., Section II. 
Horseradish. See Armoracia. 
Indian Hemp. See Apoeynum Can- 
nabinum. 
Indian Sarsaparilla. See Ilemides- 
U1 us. 
? I'ris Florenti'na. (U. S. Ph.) 
Florentine Orris. 
? I'ris Versic'olor. (U.S. Ph.) Blue 
Flag. 
Junip'erus. (U.S. Ph.) Juniper. 
Juniper Berries. The fruit of Junip'erus 
commu'nis. 
Junip'erus Virginia'na. (U. S. 
Ph.) Red Cedar. See Class XIII. 
Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. 
Eap'pa. (U. S. Ph.) Burdock. See 
Class IX. 
Larkspur. See Delphinium. 
Leon'todon Tarax'acum. See Tarax- 
acum. 
Li quor Cal'cii Chlo'ridi. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Cal- 
cium. 
Liquor Potas'sse. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Solution of Potassa. See Class 
XXII. 
Lycopo'dium. (U. S. Ph.) The 
sporules of Lycopo''di-urn clava'tum and 
other species of Lycopodium. 
Mastic. See Mastiche. 
Mas'tiche. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Mas- 
tic. Mastich. The concrete juice of 
Pista’cia lentis'cus (U.S. Ph.). A resin- 
ous exudation from the stem of Pistacia 
lentiscus (Br. Ph.). 
Meadow Saffron. See Colchici Ra- 
dix, or Colchicum. 
Mezereon. See Mezereum. 
Jlezere'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Me- 
zereon. See Class XVI. 
Nicotia'na Tab'acum. See Tabacum. 
Nitrate of Potash. See Potassse Jii- 
tras. 
Oil of Copaiba. See Oleum Copaiba*. 
Oil of Turpentine. See Oleum Te- 
rebintliina*. 
O leum Copai'bse. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Copaiba. 
Oleum Cube'bse. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Oil of Cubeb. 
O'leuin Junip'eri. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Juniper. 
O'leum Sue'cini. (U.S. Ph.) Oil 
of Amber. See Class IV. 
O'leum Terebin'thinse. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. The vola- 
tile oil distilled from the turpentine of 
Pi'nun pains'tris or Pi'nun tse'da. 
Parei'ra. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Pareira 
Brava. The root of Cissam'pelos parei'ra 
(U.S. Ph.). The dried root of Cissampe- 
los pareira (Br. Ph.). 
Parieta'ria Officina'lis. Wall Pelli- 
tory. 
Parsley Root. See Petroselinum. 
Petroseli'mim. (U.S. Ph.) Parsley. 
The root of Petroseli'num sati'vum, other- 
wise called A'pium petroseli'num. 
Phos'phorus. (U.S. Ph.) See Class 
III. 
635 Pi’nus Pains'tri*. Sec Terebinthi- 
na, and Pix Eiquida. 
Pi'per Cube'ba. See Cubeba. 
Pipsissewa. See Chimaphila. 
Pista'cia Lentis'cus. See Mastiche. 
Pix Ei quida. (U.S. and Br. *Ph.) 
Tar. The impure turpentine procured 
by burning from the wood of Pi'mis pa- 
ins'tris and of other species of Pimis (U.S. 
Ph.). A bituminous liquid obtained from 
the wood of Pi'nns sylves'tris and other 
pines by destructive distillation (Br. Ph.). 
Polya’ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
Potas'sas Ace'tas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Acetate of Potassa. A white de- 
liquescent salt, wholly soluble in water 
and alcohol. 
Potas'sse Biearbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Bicarbonate of Potassa. Sal 
ceratus. See Class XXII. 
Potas'sre Bitar'tras. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bitartrate of Potash, or Cream of Tar- 
tar. See Class A'l. 
Potas'sa; Carbo'nas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Carbonate of Potash; otherwise 
called Subcarbonate of Potash. See 
Class XXII. 
Potas'sreBil'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Nitrate of Potash, Nitre, or Saltpetre. 
See Class VI. 
Potato Flies. See Cantharis Vittata. 
Red Cedar. See Juniperus Virgi- 
nian a. 
Scil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
See Class XII. 
Scopa'rins. (U. S. and Br. Ph.) 
Broom. The tops of Cyt'isns scopa'rins 
(U.S. Ph.). The tops of Sarotham'nus 
scopa'rins (Br. Ph.). 
Scurvy Grass. See Cochlearia Offi- 
cinalis. 
Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
See Class XII. 
Seneka. See Senega. 
? Serpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. See 
Class II., Section IIL 
So'dse Ace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Acetate 
of Soda. A substance in white or color- 
less crystals, which effloresce in dry air, 
and are wholly soluble in water. 
So'dae Bo'ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate 
of Soda, or Borax. See Class VI. 
•* So da; Sulphas. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
phate of Soda, or Glauber’s Salts, See 
Class IX. 
DIURETICS. 
Solution of Chloride of Calcium. See 
Liquor Falcii Ohloridi. 
Solution of Potassa. Sec Liquor 
Potassa?. 
Spanish Flies. See Cantbaris. 
Spar'tinm Jnn'ceum. Spanish Broom. 
Spirit of Nitric Ether. See Spiritus 
iEtlseris Xitrosi. 
&pir'itus iE'tlieris Jfitro'si. (U.S . 
and Br. Ph.) Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 
or Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Class IV., 
and Class XI., Section II. 
Spir'itus Jnnip'eri. 
Squill. See Scilla. 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
Jillieris Vitrosi. 
? Tab'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) To- 
bacco. See Classes VII. and V. 
Tar. See Pix Liquida. 
Tarax'acnm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Dandelion. The root of Tarax'acnm 
densleo'nls. 
Terebin'thina. (U.S. Ph.) Turpen- 
tine. The concrete juice of Pi'mia pa- 
lus'tris and of other species of Pinus. 
Tobacco. See Tabaeum. 
Trailing Arbutus. See Epigea Re* 
pens. 
Turkey Corn, or Turkey Pea. See 
Corydalis Formosa. 
? ITiuus Fampes'tris. (Br. Ph.) 
Broad-leaved Elm. See Class XIX. 
Vera'trnm Al'bum. (U.S. Ph.) 
White Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
Vera'trum Vir'ide. (U.S. Ph.) 
American Hellebore. See Class VIII. 
Vi'num Col'chici. (Br. Ph.) Wine 
of Colchicum. The same as Vinum 
Colehiei Radieis. 
Vi'num Colehiei Radi'eis. (U.S. 
Ph.) AVine of Colchicum Root. See 
Class XXI. 
Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpenta- 
ria. 
Virgin’s Bower. See Clematis. 
Wall Pellitory. See Parietaria ©ffl- 
cinalis. 
White Hellebore. See Veratrum 
Album. 
White Turpentine. See Terebin- 
th ina. 
AVild Potato, See Convolvulus 
Panduratus. 
AVine of Colchicum Root. See Vi- 
num Colehiei Radieis. 
AATntergreen. See Chimaphila. 
636 NAUSEATING DIAPHORETICS.—REFRIGERANT DIAPHORETICS. 
CLASS XI. 
DIAPHORETICS. 
MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE PERSPIRATION. DIAPHORETICS MAY BE DIVIDED INTt 
NAUSEATING, REFRIGERANT, AND STIMULATING. 
SECTION I.—Nauseating Diaphoretics, 
Aconite. See Aconitnm. 
Aconite Root. See Aconiti Radix. 
? Aconi'ti Fo lium. (U.S. Ph.) 
Aconite Leaf. See Class VII. 
? Aconi'ti Ra'dix. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Aconite Root. See Class VII. 
? Aconi'tum. (Br. Ph.) Aconite 
Leaf. See Class VII. 
Aconi'tum Napel'lus. See Aconitum. 
Antimonial Powder. See Rulvis An- 
timonialis. 
Antimonial Wine. See Yiutim An- 
timonii. 
Antimo'nii et Potassa- Tar'tras. 
(U.S. Ph.) Tartrate of Antimony and 
Potassa, or Tartar Emetic. See Class 
VIII. 
Antimo'nii Sulphure'tum. (U.S. 
Ph.) Sulphuret of Antimony. 
Antiano'nium Siilpliura'tum. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Anti- 
mony, or Precipitated Sulphuret of Anti- 
mony. A tersulphuret of antimony, with 
a small and variable amount of the 
teroxide of antimony. An orange-red 
powder, whence it has been termed anti- 
mo'nii sulphure'tum au'reum (Ed. Ph.), or 
“golden sulphuret of antimony.” 
Antimo'ninm Tartara'tum. (Br. 
Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. The same 
as Antimonii et Potassa- Tartras. 
A rum. (U.S. Ph.) Indian Turnip. 
See Class XII. 
Button Snakeroot. See Eryngittm 
Aquaticum. 
Cephae'iis Ipecacuan'ha. See Ipe- 
cacuanha. 
? Col'chicwm. See Classes XXI. and X. 
Dragon Root. See Arum. 
? Elecampane. See Inula. 
Eryn'gium Aquat'icum. Button Snake- 
root. 
Eupato'rium. (U.S. Ph.) Tho- 
rough worl, or Boneset. See Class II., 
Section III. 
Indian Tobacco. See Lobelia. 
Indian Turnip. See Arum. 
? In ula. Elecampane. 
Ipecacuan'ha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Ipecacuan, or Ipecac. See Class VIII. 
Lobe'lia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
Tobacco. See Class VIII. 
Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 
See Antiinonium Snlphnrat uni. 
Pnl'vis AntimouiaTis. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Powder. A powder consist- 
ing chiefly of bone-phosphate of lime 
and antimonious acid. Essentially the 
same as James’s Powder. 
Tartar Emetic. See Antimonii et 
Potassre Tartras. 
Tartrate of Antimony and Potassa. 
See Antimonii et Potassse Tartras. 
Vi'num Antiiiionia'le. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Wine. See next article. 
Vi'num Antimonii. (U.S. Ph.) 
Antimonial Wine, or Wine of Antimony. 
A solution of tartar emetic in sherry wine. 
See Class VIII. 
Water Eryngo. See Eryngium 
Aquaticum. 
SECTION II—Refrigerant Diaphoretics. 
Acetate of Ammonia (Solution of). 
See Liquor Ammonia" Acetatis. 
Ainino'niie Aeeta'tis Li’quor. 
(Br. Ph.) Solution of Acetate of Am- 
monia. See Liquor Ammonia- Ace- 
tal is. 
Ammo nia- Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. Sal Vol- 
atile, or Smelling Salts. See Class III. 
A'qua Ac'idi Carbon'ici. (U.S. 
Ph.) Carbonic Acid Water. Water im- 
pregnated with five times its bulk of 
carbonic acid. 
Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
nine Carbon as. 
Carbonic Acid Water. See Aqua 
Acidi Carbonici. 
Citrate of Potassa. See Potassa- Ci- 
trus. 
Li'quor Ammonia- Aeeta'tis. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Solution of Acetate 
of Ammonia. Also called Spir'itus Min- 
dere'ri, or Spirit of Mindererus. 
Li'quor Ammo'nise Citra'tis. Solution 
of Citrate of Ammonia. 
? Li'quor Cal'eii Chlo'ridi. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Calcium. 
See Class X. 
637 REFRIGERANT AND STIMULATING DIAPHORETICS. 
Il'quor Potas'ssc Citra'tis. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Citrate of Potassa. 
Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. See Po- 
tassa* Xilras. 
Potassa; Ci'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Citrate of Potassa. See Class VI. 
Potas'sse Xilras. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitrate of Potash, or Nitre. See 
Class VI. 
Potas'sii Ferrocyan'idutn. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ferrocyanide of Potassium. See 
Class VI. 
Solution of Acetate of Ammonia. See 
liquor Ammonia; Acetatis. 
Solution of Citrate of Ammonia. See 
liquor Ainmonise Citratis. 
Solution of Citrate of Potassa. See 
liquor Potassa; Citratis. 
Spirit of Nitrous, or Nitric, Ether. 
See Spiritns JEtberis Xitrosi. 
Spir'itus .E'tlieris Xitro'si. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 
or Sweet Spirit of Nitre (formerly Spirit 
of Nitric Ether). See Class IV. 
Spir'itus Mindere'ri, or Spirit of Min- 
dererus. See liquor Ammonia; Ace- 
tatis. 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre. See Spiritus 
iEtlieris Xitrosi. 
SECTION III,—Stimulating and Altera- 
tive Diaphoretics. 
Acrid Lettuce. See I.actuca Virosa. 
Adanso'nia Digita'ta. The Baobab- 
tree. 
American Dittany. See Cunila Ma- 
riana. 
Ammoni'acum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Ammoniac. See Class XII. 
? Ammo nia; Phos'plias. (Br. Ph.) 
Phosphate of Ammonia. 
? A'qnaAmmo'nise. (U.S. Ph.) So- 
lution of Ammonia. See Classes XVII. 
and XXII. 
Aristolo'chia Serpenta'ria. See Ser- 
pentaria. 
Asele'pias. (U.S. Ph.) Butterfly- 
weed. The root of Asele’pias tubero'sa. 
Asele'pias Tubero'sa. See Asclepias. 
Balm. See Melissa. 
Baobab. See Adansonia Iligitata. 
Bark of Sassafras Root. See Sassa- 
fras Radicis Cortex. 
Bisulphuret of Carbon, or Sulphuret 
of Carbon. 
Boneset. See Enpatorium. 
Burdock. See Lappa. 
Butterflyweed. See Asclepias. 
Calot'ropis Giyante'a. Madar, or Mu- 
dar. 
Carlhamus. (U. S. Ph.) Dryer’s 
Saffron, or Safflower. The flowers of 
Car'thamus tincto'rius. 
? Col'chictim. See Classes XXI. and X. 
Cro'cns. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Saffron. 
See Class IV. 
Guni'la Maria'na. American Dittany. 
Daph'ne Gnid'ium. See Dlezereum. 
Daph'ne Mezere'nm. See Mezeiyiiin. 
Dorste'nia Contrayer'va. (Aromatic 
and tonic.) 
Dyer’s Saffron. See Cartliainus. 
Elder. See Sambucus. 
Elngtafn riiiiii. (U.S. Ph.) Thorough- 
wort, or Boneset. See Class II., Sec- 
tion III. 
Guaiac. See Guaiaci Resina. 
Guai'aci Lig'num. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Guaiacum Wood. Lignum Vitrn. 
The wood of Guai'acum officina'le. 
Guai'aci Resi'na. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Guaiac. The concrete juice of 
Guai'acum officina'le (U.S. Ph.). The 
resin obtained from the stem of Guaia- 
cum officinale (Br. Ph.). 
Guai'acum Officina'le. See Guaiaci 
Resina. 
Junip'erus Sabi'na. See Sabina. 
Lactu'ca Viro'sa. Acrid Lettuce. See 
Class V. 
Eap'pa. (U.S. Ph.) Burdock. See 
Class IX. 
Lau'rus Sas'safras. Sec Sassafras. 
Il'quor Anuno'nia;. (Br. Ph.) See 
Aqua Ammonia'. 
Madar. See Calotropis Gigantea. 
Magnolia. (U.S. Ph.) Magnolia. 
See Class II., Section III. 
? Melis'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Balm. See 
Class II., Section IV. 
Meze'reon. See Mezerenm. 
Mezere'um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Mezereon. See Class XVI. 
Mudar. See Calotropis Gigantea. 
Oil of Cajuput. See Oleum Caju- 
pnti. 
O leum Cajupu'ti. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Oil of Cajuput. The volatile oil 
obtained from the leaves of Melaleu'ca 
cajupu'ti (U.S. Ph.). The oil distilled from 
the leaves of Melaleu'ca mi'nor (Br. Ph.). 
? Orig'anum Vulga're. Common Mar- 
joram. 
Petro'leum. Rock Oil. See Class IV. 
? Polyg'ala Rubella. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bitter Polygala. See Class II., Section II. 
Prickly Ash. See Xautlioxylum. 
Rock Oil. See Petroleum. 
Sabi na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Savine. 
See Class XIII. 
Sambu'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
638 Elder. The flowers of Sambu'cus Cana- 
den'sis (U.S. Ph.). The fresh flowers 
of Sambu'cus ni'yra (Br. Ph.). 
? Sar'sa. (Br. Ph.) See Class XXI. 
? Sarsaparil la. (U.S. Ph.) See 
Class XXI. 
? Sas'safras. (Br. Ph.) Sassafras 
Root. The dried root of Sas'safras offi- 
cina'le. See next article. 
? Sas'safras Kadi'cis Cortex. 
(U.S. Ph.) Sassafras Root. (Stimulant 
and aromatic.) 
Serpenta'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Serpentary, or Virginia Snakeroot. See 
Class II., Section III. 
Serpentary. See Serpentaria. 
ALTERATIVE DIAPHORETICS.—EXPECTORANTS. 
Solution of Ammonia. See Aqua 
Ammonia*. 
Sul'pEtur l.otinn. (U. S. Ph.) 
ATashed Sulphur. See Class IX., Section 
II. 
Snlphur Kubl ima'tum. (U. S. 
and Br. Ph.) Sublimed Sulphur. See 
Class IX., Section II. 
Sulphuret of Carbon. The same as 
Bisulphnret of Carbon. 
Thorougliwort. See Eupatorium. 
Virginia Snakeroot. See Serpenta- 
ria. 
Xanlhox'yluin. (U.S. Ph.) Prickly 
Ash. The bark of Xanthox'ylum frax- 
in'eum. 
CLASS XII. 
EXPECTORANTS. 
MEDICINES WHICH INCREASE THE SECRETION FROM THE MHCOHS MEMBRANE OF THE 
AIR-CELLS AND AIR-PASSAGES OF THE LUNGS OR FACILITATE ITS DISCHARGE. 
Ace'tum Seil'Ite. (U.S. Ph.) Vine- 
gar of Squill. 
? Ac idum Benzo'icum. (Br. Ph.) 
A substance in feathery crystalline 
plates, nearly white. 
Al'lium. (U.S. Ph.) Garlic. The 
bulb of Al'lium sati’vum. 
Al'lium Ce'pcti Onion. 
Ammoniac. See Ammoniacnm. 
Anunoni'acnni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Ammoniac. The concrete juice of Do- 
re'ma. Ammoni'acum (U.S. Ph.). A gum- 
resinous exudation from the stem of 
JDorema ammoniacnm (Br. Ph.). 
Antimo'nii et Potas's* Tar'tras. 
(U.S. Ph.) Tartar Emetic. Tartrate of 
Antimony and Potassa. See Class VIII. 
Aiitinio'niuni Tartara'tum. (Br. 
Ph.) Tartarated Antimony. Tartar 
Emetic. 
A rum. (U.S. Ph.) Indian Turnip, 
or Dragon Root. The cormus of A'rum 
triphyl' lum. 
Ascle'pias. (U.S. Ph.) Butterfly- 
weed, or Pleurisy Root. See Class XI. 
Ascle'pias Syri'aca. Common Silk- 
weed. 
Assafnet'ida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Assafetida. See Class IV. 
Balsam of Peru. See Balsanuun 
Peruvianuin. 
Balsam of Tolu. See Balsaimim 
Tolutauuin. 
Balsamum Peruvia'num. (U.S. 
find Br. Ph.) Balsam of Peru. The 
prepared juice of Myrosper'mum Peruif- 
ermn (U.S. Ph.). A balsam obtained 
from the stem of Myrosper'mum Perei'rx 
(Br. Ph.). 
Bal'samum Toluta'num. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Balsam of Tolu. The 
juice of Myrosper’mum toluiferum (U.S. 
Ph.). A balsam obtained by incision 
from the stem of Myrospermnm toluife- 
rum (Br. Ph.). 
? Benzoic Acid. See Acidum Ben* 
zoictun. _ 
Benzoin. See Bcnzoinum. 
Benzo'innm. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Benzoin. The concrete juice of Sty'rax 
ben'zoin (U.S. Ph.). A resinous exudation 
from the stem of Styrax benzoin (Br. Ph.). 
Black Snakeroot. See Cimicifuga. 
Buttcrflyweed. See Asdepias. 
Button Snakeroot. See Eryngium 
Aquaticum. 
Cephae'lis Ipeeacuan'ha. See Ipe- 
cacuanha. 
Ciinicif'uga. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Snakeroot. See Class VII. 
Common Silkweed. See Asclepias 
Syriaca. 
Dore'ma Ammoni’acum. See Ammo- 
niacnm. 
Dragon Root. See Arum. 
Elecampane. See Inula. 
I Eryn'gium Aquat'icum. Button 
Snakeroot. See Class XI.. Section I. 
Fer'ula Assafcet'ida. See Assafoet- 
Ida. 
639 Gal'banum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
The concrete juice of an undetermined 
plant ( Li.S. Ph.). A gum resin derived 
from an unascertained umbelliferous 
plant (Br. Ph.). 
Garlic. See Allium. 
Indian Tobacco. See Lobelia. 
Indian Turnip. See Aram. 
? In ula. (U S. Ph.) Elecampane. 
See Class II., Section II. 
Ipecacuan. See Ipecacuanha. 
Ipecacuan ha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Ipecacuan. See Class VIII. 
Lobe'lia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Indian 
Tobacco. See Class VIII. 
Myrosper'mum Peruif erum. See Bal- 
samtun Peruvianum. 
Myrosper'mum Toluiferum. See Bal- 
sninuni Tolntaniun. 
Naph'thalin. A substance obtained 
from the distillation of coal tar. 
Nar'thex Assafoet'Ida. See Assafoet- 
ida. 
Onion. See Allium Cepa. 
EXPECTORANTS.—EMMENAGOGUES. 
? Pix Liq'uida. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tar. 
Pleurisy Root. See Aselopias. 
Polyy'ala Sen'eya. See Seni'ga. 
Prepared Storax. Sec Styrax Prae- 
paratus. 
Soil la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Squill. 
The bulb of Scil'la marit'ima (U.S. Ph.). 
The dried bulb ofUryiit'ea scil’la (Br. Ph.). 
Sen’ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Scneka. 
The root of Polyy'ala sen'eya. 
Seneka. See Senega. 
Squill. See Scilla. 
Storax. See Styrax. 
Sty'rax. (U.S. Ph.) Storax. Thepre- 
pared juice of Liquidani'bar Orienta'le. 
Styrax Benzoin. See Benzoinum. 
Sty'rax Prsepara'tus. (Br. Ph.) 
Prepared Storax. A balsam obtained 
from the bark of Liquidani'bar Orien- 
ta'le. The same as Styrax. 
Urgin'»a Scil'la. See Scilla. 
Water Eryngo. See Eryngium 
Aquaticum. 
CLASS XIII. 
EMMENAGOGUES. 
MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE THE MENSTRUAL SECRETION. 
Achille'a Millefo'Iium. (U.S. Ph.) 
Milfoil, or Yarrow. The herb and flowers 
of Achillea millefolium. 
Aga've America'na. American Aloe. 
Al'oe Rarbadcn'sis. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Barbadoes Aloes. See Class IX. 
Al'oe Socotri'na. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Socotrine Aloes. See Class IX. 
American Aloe. See Agave Ameri- 
cana. 
Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha. See Myr- 
rh a. 
Barbadoes Aloes. See Aloe Barba- 
densis. 
Biborate of Soda. See Borax. 
Black Hellebore. See Melleborus. 
Borate of Soda. See Soda? Boras. 
Bo'rax. (Br. Ph.) Borax. Biborate 
of Soda. See Sodse Boras. 
Cantharides. See t’antharis. 
Fan'tliaris. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Spanish Flies. Canthar'ides. See Class 
XVI. 
Can'tharis Vittn'ta. Potato Flies. 
Castor. See Castoreum. 
Cas'tnr Fi'ber. See fastorenm. 
Casto'reum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Castor. See Class IV. 
? Oata'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Catncp. See 
Class IV. 
Cotton Root. See Gossypii Itadix. 
Fer’ri Fhlo'ridum. (U. S. Ph.) 
Chloride of Iron; also called Perchlo- 
ride of Iron. 
Fer'ri lod'idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
of Iron. A brownish-green crystalline 
substance, soluble in water. 
Fer'ri Subcarbo'nas. (U.S. Ph.) 
Subcarbonate of Iron. See ClassII., Sec- 
tion V. 
Most of the preparations of Iron 
may sometimes be used as emmenagogues. 
Oossyp'ii Ra'dix. (U.S. Ph.) Cot- 
ton Root. The root of Gossypium herba- 
cenm and of other species of Gossypium. 
Guaiac. See Ctnaiaci Resina. 
Ruai'aci Resi'na. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Guaiac. See Class XI. 
Guai'acum Officinal le. See Guaiaci 
Resina. 
Hellebore, Black. See Melleborus. 
llelleb'orns. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Hellebore. See Class IX. 
In'uia. (U.S. Ph.) Elecampane. See 
Class II., Section II. 
Iodide of Iron. See Ferri Iodidum. 
640 Iron. See Ferri. 
Junip'erus Sabi'na. See Sabina. 
Junip'erus Virgin ia'na. (U.S. 
Ph.) Red Cedar. The tops of Juniperus 
Virginiuna. 
Madder. See Rubia. 
Milfoil. See Achillea Millefolium. 
Myrrh. See Myrrha. 
Myr'rha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Myrrh. 
See Class II., Section II. 
Nep'eta Cata'ria. See Cataria. 
O leum Sabi'na;. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Oil of Savine. 
? Orig'anum Vnlga're. Marjoram. 
Polyg'ala Sen'ega. See Senega. 
Potato Flies. See Cant bar is Vit- 
tata. 
Red Cedar. See Juniperus Virgi- 
niana. 
Rosemary. See Rosmarinus. 
EMMENAGOGUES—SIALAGOGUES.—ERRHINES. 
Rosmari nus. (U.S. Ph.) Rosemary. 
See Class II., Section IV. 
? Ru'bia. (U.S. Ph.) Madder. The 
root of Ru'bia tincto'rum. 
Rue. See Ruta. 
Ru'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Rue. See Class IV.. 
Sabi na. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
tops of Junip'erus sabi'na. 
? Sagape'num. (Lond. Ph.) The gum 
resin of an uncertain plant. See Class IV. 
Savine. See Sabina. 
Sen'ega. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Seneka. 
See Class XII. 
Seneka. See Senega. 
So d® Bo ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate of 
Soda, or Borax. See Classes VI. and X. 
Spanish Flies. See Cantharis. 
Subcarbonate of Iron. See Ferri 
Subcarbonas. 
Yarrow. See Acliillea Millefolium. 
SIALAGOGUES. 
CLASS XIY. 
MEDICINES WHICII PROMOTE THE SECRETION OF SALIVA. 
Anacyc'lus Pyr'ethrum. See Pyre- 
thrum. 
Black Oxide of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Oxidum Nigrum. 
Calamus. (U.S. Ph.) Sweet Flag. 
See Class II., Section IV. 
Cinnabar. See Hydrargyri Sul- 
phuretum Rubrum. 
Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ni'grum. Black 
Oxide of Mercury. 
Hydrar'gyri Sulph ure'tnm Ru'brum. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury, or Cinna- 
har. (Sometimes used in fumigation as 
a rapid sialagogue.) 
Hydrargyrum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
(jjg©" Mercury, and most of its com- 
pounds, may be used as sialagogues.) See 
Class XXI. 
Mercury. See Hydrargyrum. 
Pellitory. See Pyretlirum. 
Pyr'ethrum. (U.S. Ph.) Pellitory. 
The root of Anacyc'lus pyr'ethrvm. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Sulpliuretum Rubrum. 
CLASS XV. 
ERRHINES. 
MEDICINES WHICH PROMOTE THE SECRETION FROM THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF 
THE NOSTRILS. * 
Armora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
Root. The fresh root of Cochlea'ria 
armora'cia. See Class X. 
Asarabac'ca. The root and leaves of 
As'arum Europx'um. 
Bloodroot. See Sanguinaria. 
Cochlea'ria Armora'cia. See Armo- 
racia. 
Convalla'ria Maja'lis. Lily of the 
Valley. 
Euphor'bium. See Class XVI. 
False Sunflower. See llelenium 
Autumnale. 
Hele'nium Autumna'le. False Sun- 
flower, or Sneezewort. 
Horseradish. See Armoracia. 
Hydrar'gyri Sulphas Fla'va. 
(U. S. Ph.). Yellow Sulphate of Mer- 
cury, or Turpeth Mineral. See Class 
VIII. 
641 ERRIIINES.—EPISPASTICS. 
Lily of the Valley. See Convallaria 
Majalis. 
Sanguina'ria. (U.S. Ph.) Blood- 
root. See Class VIII. 
Sneezewort. See Ilelenium Au- 
tuinnale. 
Snuff—or Tobacco in powder. 
Turpeth Mineral. Sec Ilydrargyri 
Sulphas Flava. 
Vera'tria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) See 
Class VIII., Section I. 
? Vera'trum Al bum. (U.S. Ph.) 
White Hellebore. 
CLASS XYI. 
EPISPASTICS. 
medicines which when applied to the skin produce a blister. 
Ace'tum Canthar'idis. Vinegar of 
Spanish Flies. 
Ac'idum Acct'icnm Glacia'le. 
(Br. Ph.) Glacial Acetic Acid. A color- 
less liquid, which is converted, when 
cooled to nearly 32°, into colorless, pris- 
matic crystals. Specific gravity, 1.065. 
f Anacar'dium Occidenta'le. See Class 
XVIII. 
A qua Ammo'niae For'tior. (U.S. 
Ph.) Stronger Water (or Solution) of 
Ammonia. See Class XVII. 
Argen'ti Ni'tras Fn'sa. (U. S. 
Ph.) Fused Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar 
Caustic. 
Cantharides. See Cantliaris. 
Can'tharis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Spanish Flies. Cantharides. Gan'thane 
vesicato'ria. 
Can'tharis Vitta'ta. Potato Flies. 
Cerate of Spanish Flies. See Cera- 
ttim Cantharidis. 
Cera'tum Canthar'idis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Cerate of Spanish Flies, or Blistering Ce- 
rate. 
Crowfoot. See Ranunculus. 
Daph'ne Mezere’um. See Mezereum. 
Dir'ca Pains'tris. Leather-wood. 
Fmplas'trum Pi'eis cum Can- 
tliar'ide. (U.S. Ph.) Plaster of Pitch 
with Spanish Flies. 
? Euphor’bium. (Ed. Ph.) The con- 
crete resinous juice of undetermined 
species of Euphorbia. 
Fused Nitrate of Silver. See Ar- 
gent! Jfitras l'usa. 
Glacial Acetic Acid. See Acidum 
Aceticiim Glaciate. 
Leather-wood. See Direa Palus- 
tris. 
Liniment of Spanish Flies. See Lini- 
mentimi Cantharidis. 
Uni moil’turn Canthar'idis. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Liniment of Spanish Flies, 
or Liniment of Cantharides. 
Lunar Caustic. See Argenti Nitras 
Fusa. 
Mezereon. See Mezereum. 
Mezere um. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Me- 
zereon. The bark of Daph'ne Mezere'um 
and of Daph'ne Gnid'ium (U.S. Ph.). 
The dried bark of Daphne mezereum, or 
Daph'ne laureo'la (Br. Ph.). 
Ointment of Spanish Flies. See ITn- 
guentum Cantharidis. 
Potato Flies. See Cantliaris Vit- 
tata. 
Ranunculus. (U.S. Ph.) Crowfoot. 
The cormus and herb of Ranun'cidus 
bulbo'eue. 
Saliadil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
dilla. See Class IX. 
Stronger Solution of Ammonia. See 
Aqua Ammonite Fortior. 
Fngucn'tum Canthar'idis. (Br. 
Ph.) Ointment of Spanish Flies. 
Vinegar of Spanish Flies. See Ace- 
tum Cantharidis. 
642 RUBEFACIENTS.—ESCHAROTICS. 
CLASS XVII. 
RUBEFACIENTS. 
MEDICINES WHICH INFLAME THE SKIN WITHOUT VESICATING AS AN ORDINARY 
RESULT. 
A'bies Canaden'sis. See Pix Cana- 
den'sis. 
A'bies Excel’sa. See Pix Burgun- 
dica. 
Ac'idum Acct'icum Glaeia'le. 
(Br. Ph.) Glacial Acetic Acid. See Class 
XVI. 
Ammo'niie I.i'quor For'tior. (Br. 
Ph.) See next article. 
A'qua Ammo nia- For'tior. (U.S. 
Ph.) Stronger Water of Ammonia. 
Arcnora'cia. (Br. Ph.) Horseradish 
Root. See Classes XV. and X. 
Burgundy Pitch. See Pix Burgnn- 
dica. 
Canada Pitch. See Pix Canaden- 
sis. 
Cap'sicum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ca- 
yenne Pepper. See Class III. 
Cayenne Pepper. See Capsicum. 
Cochlea’ria Armora'cia. See Armo- 
racia. 
Crowfoot. See Ranunculus. 
Fl'emi. (Br. Ph.) Elemi. A concrete 
resinous exudation : botanical source un- 
determined, probably from Cana'rium 
commu'ne. 
Glacial Acetic Acid. See Acidum 
Aceticum Glaciate. 
Horseradish. See Armoracia. 
Liniment of Ammonia. See Rini- 
mentum Ammonia;. 
Liinimen'tum Ammo nia-. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Liniment of Ammonia, or 
Volatile Liniment. 
l.i quor Ammo nia-. (Br. Ph.) So- 
lntion of Ammonia. The same as Aqua 
Ammonite. 
Mustard. See Sinapis Alba. 
Oil of Rosemary. See Oleum Ros- 
marinus. 
Oil of Turpentine. Sec Oleum Tere- 
binthinre. 
O leum Rosmari'ni. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Rosemary. 
Oleum Sabi na*. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Oil of Savine. See Class XIII. 
O'leum Terebin'thiuse. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Oil of Turpentine. See Class X. 
Pi'nus A'bies. See Pix Burgun- 
dica. 
Pi'nus Canaclen'sis. See Pix Cana- 
densis. 
Pix Burgnn'dica. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Burgundy Pitch. The prepared 
concrete juice of A'bies excel'sa (U.S. 
Ph.). A resinous exudation from the 
stem of Abies excelsa (Br. Ph.). 
PixCanaden'sis. (U.S. Ph.) Canada 
Pitch, or Hemlock Pitch. The prepared 
concrete juice of A'bies Canaden'sis. 
Ranun'culus. (U.S. Ph.) Crowfoot. 
See Class XVI. 
Sina'pis. (Br. Ph.) Mustard. Sina'- 
pis ni'gra and Sina'pis cil'ba. The seeds 
reduced to powder, mixed. 
Sina'pis Al'ba. (U.S. Ph.) White 
Mustard. The seed of Sinapis alba. 
Sina'pis Ai'gra. (U.S. Ph.) Black 
Mustard. The seed of Sinapis nigra. 
Stronger Water (or Solution) of Am- 
monia. See Aqua Ammonia- Fortior. 
CLASS XVIII. 
SUBSTANCES WHICH DESTROY THE LIFE OF THE PART TO WHICH THEY ARE APPLIED, 
AND PRODUCE A SLOUGH. 
ESCHAROTICS. 
iduin Arsenio'siim. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Arsenious Acid. White Arsenic, 
or White Oxide of Arsenic. A white pow- 
der, sparingly soluble in water, and en- 
tirely volatilized by heat. See Class XXI. 
A<;'idum Chro'micum. Chromic Acid. 
A$'ldnm M'tricnm. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitric Acid, or Aqua Fortis. See 
Class II., Section V. 
Ae'idumSulpIui'ricuin. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid. See Class II., 
Section V. 
643 ESCHAROTICS. 
Alu'men Extsicca'tum. Dried Alum. 
Anacar'dium Occidenta'le, or Cashew 
Nut. 
Antiino'nii Terchlo'ridi Li’quor. 
(Br. Ph.) Solution of Terchloride of 
Antimony. 
A'qua For'tis. See Acidum Jfitri- 
cnm. 
Argen'ti Jii'tras. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Nitrate of Silver, or Lunar Caustic. A 
heavy, colorless, anhydrous salt, wholly 
soluble in distilled water. 
Arsenious Acid. Sec Acidum Arse* 
niosum. 
Bichloride of Mercury. See Ilydrar- 
gyri Chloridum Corrosivnm. 
Blue Vitriol. Sec Cupri Nulphas. 
Calx. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Lime. 
Cashew Nut. See Auacardium ©c- 
cidcntaic. 
Caustic Potash. See Potassa Caus- 
tica. 
Caustic Soda. See Noda Caustica. 
Chloride of Zinc. See Zinci Chlo- 
ridum. 
Chromic Acid. See Acidum Chro- 
micum. 
Common Caustic. See Potassa. 
Corrosive Sublimate. See Hydrar- 
gyri Chloridum Corrosivum. 
Creasote. See Creasotum. 
Creaso'tum. (U. S. and Br. Ph.) 
Creasote. See Class V. 
Cu'pri Ni'trax. Nitrate of Copper. 
Cu'pri Nubace'tas. (U.S. Ph.) Sub- 
acetate of Copper, or Verdigris. A sub- 
stance in pale-green masses. 
Cu'pri Nul'phas. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Copper, or Blue Vitriol. See 
Class I. and II. 
Dried Alum. See Alumen Exsic- 
catiiui. 
Hydrar'gyri Clilo'ridum Corro- 
si'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Corrosive Chlo- 
ride of Mercury, or Corrosive Sublimate. 
A substance in colorless crystals or crys- 
talline masses, which are fusible by heat 
and entirely soluble in water, alcohol, 
and ether. See Class XXI. 
Ilydrar'g-yri Nitra'tis Li'quor 
A$'idus. (Br. Ph.) Acid Solution of 
the Nitrate of Mercury. 
Ilydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ru'brum. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Oxide of Mer- 
cury, or Red Precipitate. An orange- 
red powder, entirely soluble in muriatic 
acid. 
Hydrar'gyri Pernitra'tis Li'quor. So- 
lution of Pernitrate of Mercury. The 
same as llydrarg-yri Nitralis Liquor 
Acid us. 
Hydrargyrum Corrosi'vum 
Nublisna'tum. (Br. Ph.) The Bi- 
chloride of Mercury, or Corrosive Sub- 
limate. See Hydrargyri Chloridum 
Corrosivum. 
Iodide of Calomel. 
Lime. See Calx. 
Li'quor Potas'sse. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Solution of Potash. 
Li'quor fio'da1. (U.S. Ph.) Solution 
of Soda. 
Lunar Caustic. See Arsenti Nitras. 
Nitrate of Copper. See Cupri Sfi- 
tras. 
Nitrate of Silver. See Argenti Wi» 
tras. 
Nitric Acid. See Acidum Xitri- 
cum. 
Permanganate of Potash. See Po- 
tassse Pennanganas. 
Plumbi Bichro nm. (U.S. Ph.) 
Bichromate of Lead. See Class VIII. 
Potas'sa. (U.S. Ph.) Common Caustic. 
A very deliquescent alkali, soluble, with 
the exception of a slight residue, in 
alcohol and in water. 
Potas'sa Cans'!ica. (Br. Ph.) Caus- 
tic Potash, or Hydrate of Potash. The 
same as Potassa. 
Potas'sa cum Cal'ci. Potash with 
Lime. 
Potas’sse Hy'dras. Hydrate of Po- 
tassa. See Potassa Caustica. 
Potas'sae Perman'ganas. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Permanganate of Potash, 
A substance in needle-shaped crystals of 
a deep purple color. 
Red Oxide of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
gyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
Red Precipitate. See Hydrargyri 
Oxidum Rubrum. 
No'da Caus'tica. (Br. Ph.) Caustic 
Soda. 
Solution of Pernitrate of Mercury. See 
Hydrargyri Pernitratis Liquor. 
Solution of Potash. See Liquor 
Potass*. 
Solution of Soda. See Liquor Nodse. 
Subacetate of Copper. See Cupri 
Nubacctas. 
Sulphate of Copper. See Cupri Nul- 
phas. 
Sulphuric Acid. See Acidum Nul- 
ptiuricum. 
Verdigris. See Cupri Nubacctas. 
White Oxide of Arsenic. See Acidum 
Arseniosum. 
Clilo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. A white deli- 
quescent salt, wholly soluble in water, 
alcohol, and ether. 
644 DEMULCENTS. 
CLASS XIX. 
DEMULCENTS. 
BLAND UNIRRITATING SUBSTANCES, MOST OF WHICH FORM, WITH WATER, A VISCID 
SOLUTION. 
Aca'cia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Gum 
Arabic. The concrete juice of Aca'cia 
ve'ra and of other species of Acacia 
(U.S. Ph.). A gummy exudation from 
the stem of one or more undetermined 
species of Acacia (Br. Ph.). 
Alllue'a. (U.S.Ph.) Marshmallow. 
The root of Althee'a officina'lis. 
Amyg dala. (Br. Ph.) Sweet Al- 
mond, or Jordan Almond. The same as 
Amygdala Dulcis. 
Amygdala Dul'cis. (U. S. Ph.) 
Sweet Almond. The kernel of the fruit 
of Amyg'dalus comma'nis, variety dul'cis. 
Am'ylum. (U.S.andBr. Ph.) Starch, 
or Wheat Starch. The fecula of the seed 
of Trit'icum vulga're. 
Arrow Root. See Maranta. 
Astray'aim Ve'rus. See Tragacan- 
tlia. 
Ave'nsc Fari'na. (U.S. Ph.) Oat- 
meal. Meal prepared from the seeds of 
the A ve'na sati'va. 
Barley. See Hordeum. 
Be la. (Br. Ph.) Bael. (The ripe 
fruit is demulcent, the unripe astrin- 
gent.) See Class I 
Benne Leaves. See Sesami Folium. 
Can'na. (U.S. Ph.) Canna Starch. 
The fecula prepared from the rhizoma 
of an undetermined species of Canna. 
Carrageen. See Chondrus. 
Ceta'ceum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sper- 
maceti. A crystalline, pearly-white sub- 
stance (nearly pure Cetine) obtained from 
the oil of the Physe'ter macroceph’ulus. 
Cetra'ria. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
Cetra'ria Islan'dica, or Iceland Moss. 
(Also slightly tonic.) 
Chon'ilrus. (U.S.Ph.) The Chon'- 
drus cris'pus. Carrageen, or Irish Moss. 
Comfrey. See Symphytum ©tlici- 
nale. 
Common. Mallow. See Malva Syl- 
vestris. 
Cy'cas Circina'lis. See Sago. 
Cydo'nia Vulga'ris. See Cydonium. 
Cydo'niuin. (U.S. Ph.) Quince 
Seed. The seed of Cydo'nia vulga’ris. 
Dextrin [Dextri'na]. A mucilaginous 
substance obtained from starch. 
Elm Bark. See Flmus. 
Extrac'tum ©lycyrrhi'zae. (U.S. 
Ph.) Liquorice. 
? Fi'cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Fig. See 
Class IX. 
Fig. See Ficus. 
Flaxseed. See Einum. 
Glycerin, or Glycerine. See Olycc- 
rina. 
tilyccri'na. (U.S. Ph.) Glycerin. 
A colorless, inodorous, syrupy liquid, of 
a sweet taste, soluble in water and in 
alcohol. Specific gravity, 1.25. 
Qlyeeri'mun. (Br. Ph.) Glycerine, 
or Glycerin. The same as Blycerina. 
Olycyrrhi'za. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Liquorice Root. The root of Olycyrrhi'za 
gla’brn (U.S. Ph.). The root or under- 
ground stem, fresh and dried, of Glycyr- 
rhiza glabra (Br. Ph.). 
Gum Arabic. See Acacia. 
Hordeum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Bar- 
ley. The decorticated seed of Hor'cleum 
dis'tichon (U.S. Ph.). Hordeum dimi- 
chum : the seeds deprived of the husks 
(Br. Ph.). 
Iceland Moss. See Cetraria. 
Irish Moss. See Chondrus. 
Jan'ipha Man'ihot, or Jat'ropha Man'- 
ihot. See Tapioca. 
Li’chen Islan'dicus. See Fctraria. 
I,ini Se'men. (Br. Ph.) Flaxseed. 
See next article. 
Li'nnni. (U.S. Ph.) Flaxseed. The 
seed of Li'man usitatis' simurn. 
Liquorice. See Extractum Olycyr- 
rhiza;. 
Liquorice Root. See Olycyrrhiza. 
Ly'thrum, Salica'ria. Loose-strife. 
Mal'va Sylves'tris. Common Mallow. 
Maran'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Arrow Root. 
The fecula of the rliizoma of Maran'ta 
arundina'cea. 
Marshmallow. See Althsca. 
Oatmeal. See Avcmc Farina. 
Oleum Amyg'dala*. (Br. Ph.) Oil 
of Almond. The same as Oleum Amyg- 
dalae Itiilcis. 
O'lenm Amyg'dalse Dul'cis. (U.S. 
Ph.) Oil of Sweet Almond. 
Ory'za Sati'va. Rice. 
Quince Seed. See Cydonium. 
Rice. See Oryza Sati va. 
645 DEMULCENTS.—EMOLLIENTS. 
Sym'pliytum Offidna'lc. Comfrey. 
Tapio'ea. (U.S. Ph.) The fecula of 
the root of Jan'ipha man'ihot. 
Tragacanth. See Tragaeantha. 
Tragaean' tha. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Tragacanth. The concrete juice of A s- 
tray'alns ve'rns and of other species of 
Aatrag'alns (U.S. Ph.). A gummy exu- 
dation from the stem of Astragalus verus 
(Br. Ph.). 
FI'in us. (Br. Pli.) Elm Bark. The 
dried inner bark, deprived of its outer 
layers, of Ul'niua campea'tris. 
Fl'mns Ful'va. (U.S. Fh.) Slip- 
pery Elm Bark. The inner bark of 
Ultima fulea. 
Vi'ola. (U.S. Ph.) Violet. The herb 
of Vi'ola peda'ta. 
Violet. See Viola. 
Sac'charam. (U.S. Ph.) Sugar. 
The sugar of Sac'charum gfficina'rum. 
Sa'g-o. (U.S. Ph.) The prepared 
fecula of the pith of Sa'yus lium'phii 
and of other species of Sagtts. 
Sague'rua Rum’phii. See Sago. 
Sa'gus Rum'phii. See Sago. 
Sas'safras Medulla. (U. S. Ph.) 
Sassafras Pith. 
Ses'ami Fo'linm. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
Leaf (or Seaami Folia, Benne Leaves). 
The leaves of Sea' amum In'dicum and of 
Sea'amum Ovienta’Ic. 
Slippery Elm Bark. See Flinus Fulva. 
Spermaceti. See Cetaceum. 
Starch. See Aniylum. 
Sugar. See Saccliarum. 
Sweet Almond. See Amygdala 
Dulcis. 
CLASS XX. 
EMOLLIENTS. 
SUBSTANCES WHICH HAVE THE PROPERTY OF SOFTENING AND SOOTHING AN IRRI- 
TATED SURFACE, OR ONE HARSH FROM DRYNESS. 
A'deps. (U.S. Ph.) Lard. The pre- 
pared fat of Sus aero'fa. 
A'deps Prsepara'tns. (Br. Ph.) 
PreparedvLard. See Adeps. 
Ave'nseFari'na. (U.S. Ph.) Oat- 
meal. See Class XIX. 
Cerate of Lard. See Ceratum Adi- 
pis. 
Cera tum Ad'ipis. (U.S. Ph.) Ce- 
rate of Lard, or Simple Cerate. 
Cera tum Ceta'eei. (U.S. Ph.) Ce- 
rate of Spermaceti. 
Cersi'tiim i'lmn'bi Swbacela'tis. 
(U.S. Ph.) Goulards Cerate. 
Cera'tiiniSapo'nis. (U.S. Ph.) Soap 
Cerate. 
Cera'turn Sim'plex. (“ Simple Cerate.”) 
See Coralum Adipis, 
Ceta'ceum. (Br. Ph.) Spermaceti. 
See Class XIX. 
Common Mallow. See tlalva Syl- 
vestris. 
f Dau'ci Ra’dix. Garden Carrot Root. 
Flaxseed. See I.inuin. 
Flaxseed Oil. See Oleum Uni. 
Garden Carrot. See Dauci Kailiv. 
Goulard's Cerate. See Ceratum 
Plninbi Snbaeetatis, 
Lime Liniment. Sec Linimentnm 
Calcis. 
U'ni Fari'na. (U.S, and Br. Ph.) 
Linseed Meal, 
U'ni Se'mon. (Br. Ph.) Flaxseed. 
See Iilmim. 
Ixiiiimeii tinti Cal'cis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Lime Liniment. 
Linseed Meal. See Uni Farina. 
Vii'nnm. (U.S. Ph.) Flaxseed. See 
Class XIX. 
Mal'va Fy Ives'trig. Common Mallow. 
See Class XIX. 
Oatmeal. See Avonsie Farina. 
Ointment of Rose Water. See Fn- 
gnentam Aqnse Itosa*. 
O leum U'ni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Flaxseed Oil, or Linseed Oil, 
O'leuni Oliv:e. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Olive Oil, or Sweet Oil. See Class IX. 
O'lt'umSes'ami. (U.S. Ph.) Benne 
Oil. The oil of the seed of Seatamtuit 
In'dicum and Seatamnm Orienta'le. 
Olive Oil. See Oleum Oliva-. 
Nearly all the fixed oils may be 
used as emollients.) 
Se'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Suet. The pre- 
pared suet of O'vis a'vies. 
Se'vnm Piwpara'fnrn. (Br. Ph.) 
Prepared Suet. The same as Sevnni. 
Simple Cerate. See Ceratum Sim- 
plex, 
Simple Ointment. See Fngiientun* 
Adipis. 
Spermaceti. See Cetaceum. 
j Sweet Oil. See Oleum Olivae. 
646 ALTERATIVES. 
ITnguen’tum Ad'ipis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Ointment of Lard; also called Unguen'- 
tum Sim'plex. 
Ilnguen'tum A'qii» Ro'sfe. (U.S. 
Ph.) Ointment of ltose Water. 
Ungucn'turn Sim'plex. See ITnguen- 
turn Ailipis. 
Vi'ola. (U.S. Ph.) Violet. See Clast 
XIX. 
CLASS XXI. 
ALTERATIVES. 
MEDICINES WHICH PRODUCE GRADUALLY AND SCARCELY PERCEPTIBLY SUCH A 
CHANGE IN THE FUNCTIONS OF ORGANS AS TO PERMIT A HEALTHY ACTION TO 
TAKE THE PLACE OF DISEASE. 
AV id urn Arscnio'sum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Arsenious Acid, or White Ar- 
senic. See Class XVIII. 
Ae'idum Hydriod' icum. Ilydriodic 
Acid. 
Ae'idum Xitro-liydrochlo'rieuin 
Bilu'tum. (Br. Ph.) The same as 
Acidum Niil rom u ri alien in Dilu- 
tum. 
Ae'idum Sfitromuriat'icum I»i- 
lii'tiini. (U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatio Acid. 
See Class II., Section V. 
SuI jiiinro'siiiii. (U. S. 
and Br. Ph.) Sulphurous Acid. A color- 
less liquid having tho odor of burning 
sulphur, and a sulphurous, sour, and 
somewhat astringent taste. (Used chiefly 
as an external application in cutaneous 
affections.) 
AJ'ther Hydriod’iens. Ilydriodic Ether. 
Ammo'nisc Arse'nia*. Arseniato of 
Ammonia. 
? Ammon in- Phos’phas. (Br. PI 
Phosphate of Ammonia. A substane 
in colorless transparent prisms which 
becomo opaque on exposure to air. 
Ammoniated Mercury. See Hydrar- 
gyrum Animoniatuin. 
Ammo'nii Iod'idum. Iodide of Am- 
monium. 
Antimonial Powder. See Fulvis An- 
timonialis. 
Anti mo'iiii Sidpb lire'turn Pnecipito.' turn. 
The same as Antimonium Suljilui- 
ratum. 
Antimo'nii Siilplilire’turn Prsepnrn'turn. 
Aiitiiiio'iiiiiin Siilpli iira'lu in. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Sulphurated Anti- 
mony. See Class XI. 
Arseniate of Ammonia. See Am- 
moilin' Arsenins. 
Arseniate of Iron. See Ferri Arse- 
nins. 
Arsen’ici Iod'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Iodide of Arsenic. 
Arsenious Acid. See Acidum Arse- 
nioMini. 
Black Oxide of Manganese. See 
.Vanganesii Oxidiim Nigrum. 
Black Oxide of Mercury. See Hy- 
(Irargyri Oxiduiai Nigrum. 
Black Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
drnrgyri Sulphiiretiim Nigrum. 
Bladder-wrack. See Fucus Vesicu- 
losus. 
Bromide of Iron. See Ferri Bromi- 
dmii. 
Bromide of Mercury. See Ilydrnr- 
gyri Bromidum. 
Bromide of Potassium. See Fotnssii 
Bromidum. 
Bromin'ii Chlo'ridum. Chloride of 
Bromin'ium. (U.S. Ph.) Bromine. 
A dark-red liquid having a strong odor, 
and entirely volatilized by heat in red- 
dish vapor. Specific gravity, 3.0. 
Cud'mii Iod'idum. Iodide of Cadmium. 
Calomel. See Hydrnrgyri Chlori- 
dum NIite, and Calomelas. 
Oilom'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel, or 
the Subchloride of Mercury. A dull- 
white, heavy, and nearly tasteless powder, 
insoluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
Carburet of Iron. See Ferri Car- 
buret tun. 
Chloride of Bromine. Sec Brominii 
Oiloriduni. 
Chloride of Zinc. Sec Zinci Clilori- 
d u ill. 
Chryeophyl'lum Glycyplilvc' um. See 
Nfonesia. 
Cinnabar. See Hydrnrgyri Sul- 
j>hti ret 11 m Bubriiin. 
(Oi t'hid CoPmus. (Br. Ph.) Col- 
chicum Corm. The fresh corm of Col' - 
chiciim autumna'le, collected about tho 
'end of June. The same as Coleliici 
Radix. 
Col'chicl Ra'dix. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
647 ALTERATIVES. 
chicum Root. The cormus of Col'chicum 
autnmna'le. See Class X. 
Col'chici Semen. (U.S. Ph.) Col- 
chicum Seed. The seed of Col'cliieum 
autumna'le. See Class X. 
Colchicum Root. See Folchici Ra- 
dix. 
Colchicum Seed. See Colchici Se- 
men. 
Corrosive Sublimate. See Hydrar- 
gyri t liloridu in t'orrosivum. 
Fer'ri Arse'nias. (Br. Ph.) Arse- 
niate of Iron. 
Fer'ri Brom'idum. Bromide of Iron. 
? Fer'ri Carbure’turn. Carburet of 
Iron, or Plumbago. 
Fer'ri Iod’idum. (Br. Ph.) Iodide 
of Iron. See Class XIII. 
Fu'ctm Vesiculo'sirs. Bladder-wrack, 
or Sea-wrack. 
? Glycerin. 
Green Iodide of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Iodidum Viride. 
Ilcmidcs mus. (Br. Ph.) The root 
of Hemides'inns In’dicus. 
Hydrar'gyri Brom'idum. Bromide of 
Mercury. 
Hydrar'gyri t'lilo'ridiim t’orro- 
si'vum. (U.S. Ph.) Corrosive Chloride 
of Mercury, or Corrosive Sublimate. See 
Class XVIII. 
Hydrar'gyri Flilo'ridum Mi'te. 
(U.S. Ph.) Mild Chloride of Mercury, or% 
Calomel. A white or pale buff powder, 
which is tasteless and inodorous, and in- 
soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. 
Hydrar'gyri Iod'idum Ru'brum. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Iodide of Mer- 
cury. A red powder which becomes yel- 
low when heated, and red again when 
cold. 
Hydrar'gyri Iod'idum Vir'ide. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Green Iodide of 
Mercury. A greenish-yellow powder, 
which becomes red when heated. 
Hydrar'gyri Nl'tras. Nitrate of 
Mercury. 
Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ni'gruin. 
Black Oxide of Mercury. 
? Hydrar'gyri Ox'idum Ru'- 
brum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Red Oxide 
of Mercury, or Red Precipitate. See 
Class XVIII. 
Hydrar'gyri Sul'iriias Fla'va. 
(U.S. Ph.) Yellow Sulphate of Mer- 
cury, or Turpeth Mineral. See Class 
VIII. 
Hydrar'gyri Snlphnre' turn Ni'grnm. 
Black Sulphuret of Mercury, or Ethiops 
Mineral. 
Hydrar'gyri Sulpliurc'tum Ru'- 
brum. (U.S. Ph.) Red Sulphuret of 
Mercury, or Cinnabar. 
? Hydrargyrum Ammonia'tum. 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ammoniated Mer- 
cury, or White Precipitate. 
11 yd rar'gyru m Corrosi' vn m 
Subliina'tuiu. (Br. Ph.) Corrosive 
Sublimate. See Class XVIII. 
Hydrargyrum cum C're'ta. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Mercury with Chalk. 
Hydriodic Acid. See Acidum Ily- 
driodicum. 
Hydriodic Ether. See /Ether Hy- 
driodicus. 
Hydrocot’yle Aaiat'ica. Thick-leaved 
Penny-wort. (A remedy for leprosy.) 
Iodide of Ammonium. See Ammo- 
■lii Iodidum. 
Iodide of Arsenic. See Arsenici 
Iodidum. 
Iodide of Cadmium. See Cadmii 
Iodidum. 
Iodide of Iron. See Ferri Iodidum. 
Iodide of Potassium. See Potassii 
Iodidum. 
Iodide of Sulphur. See Sulphuris 
Iodidum. 
Iodide of Zinc. See Zinci Iodidum. 
Iodine. See Iodiuium. 
Iodin'ium. (U.S. Ph.) Iodine. A 
substance in bluish-black crystalline 
scales having the metallic lustre. When 
heated, it first melts and then rises in 
purple vapor. Specific gravity, 4.9. 
I'odum. (Br. Ph.) Iodine. The 
same as lodinium. 
Li'quor Arsen'id Clilo'ridi. Solution 
of Chloride of Arsenic. 
I.i'quor Arseu'ici et Hydrar'gyri 
Iod'idi. (U.S. Ph.) Solution of Iodide 
of Arsenic and Mercury. 
Li'quorPotas'sseArseni'tis. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Arsenitc of Potassa. 
Mangane'eii Ox'idum Ni'gruin. Black 
Oxide of Manganese. 
Hangane'sii Sul phas. (U.S. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Manganese. See Class IX. 
Mercury with Chalk. See Hydrar- 
gyrum cum Freta. 
Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
drarygyri Fliloridum Hite. 
Mone'sia. An extract from the Chnj- 
sophyl'lum glycyph/oe'um. 
Xitrate of Mercury. See Hydrar- 
gyri Nitras. 
Ointment of Mercury. See Fnguen- 
tum Hydrargyri. 
Pills of Mercury. See Pilula; Hy- 
drargyri. 
Pil'iibe Hydrar'gyri. (U.S. Ph.) 
Pills of Mercury. 
648 Plumbago. See Ferri Carburetum. 
Potassse Perman'ganas. (U.S. 
Ph.) Permanganate of Potash. See Class 
XVIII. and XXIV. 
? Potas'sse Phots' ph as. Phosphate of 
Potash. + 
Potas'sii Brom'ulum. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Bromide of Potassium. 
Potas'sii Iod'idum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Iodide of Potassium. It occurs in 
colorless crystals, readily soluble in water. 
Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 
See Antimonium Sulphuratum. 
Pul'vis Antimonia'lis. (Br. Ph.) 
Antimonial Powder. See Class XI. 
Red Iodide of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Iodidum Subrum. 
Red Oxide of Mercury. See Ilydrar- 
gyri Oxidum Rubrum. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy- 
drargyri Sulpliuretum Kubrum. 
Sapona'ria Officina'lis. Soapwort. 
Sar'sa. (Br. Ph.) Jamaica Sarsapa- 
rilla. The same as Sarsaparilla. 
Sarsnparil'la. (U.S. Ph.) The root 
of Smi'lax officina'lis and of other spe- 
cies of Smr'lax. 
Sea-wrack. See Fucus 'Vesieulo- 
sus. 
Smi'lax As'pera. See Sarsaparilla. 
Smi'lax Ojfieina’ Us. See Sarsapa- 
rilla- 
ALTERATIVES.—ANTACIDS. 
Smi'lax Syphilit'ica. See Sarsapa- 
rilla. 
Soap wort. See Saponaria Offici- 
nalis. 
Solution of Arsenite of Potassa. See 
Liquor Potassa; Arsenitis. 
Solution of Chloride of Arsenic. See 
Liquor Arsenici Chloridi. 
Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mer- 
cury. See Liquor Arsenici et Hy- 
drargyri lodidi. 
Stillin'gia. (U.S. Ph.) The root of 
Stillin' gia syloat'ica. 
Sulphur, in its various forms, is by 
some medical writers regarded as altera- 
tive. See Classes IX. and XII. 
Sulphurated Antimony. See Anti- 
moniuin Sulphuratum. 
Sul'phuris Iod'idum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Iodide of Sulphur. 
Turpeth Mineral. See Hydrargyri 
Sulphas Flava. 
TTnguen'tum Ilydrar'gyri. (U.S. 
and Br. Ph.) Ointment of Mercury. 
Vi'num Col'chici Kadi'cis. (U.S. 
Ph.) Wine of Colchicum Root. See 
Class X. 
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. See 
Hydrargyri Sulphas Flava. 
7An\i Chlo'riilum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Zinc. See Class XVIII. 
Zin'gi Iod'idum. Iodide of Zinc. 
CLASS XXII. 
ANTACIDS. 
SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE CAPABLE OF COMBINING WITH AND NEUTRALIZING ACIDS. 
HENCE ALL SALIFIABLE BASES ARE ANTACIDS; BUT THE ALKALIES, ALKALINE 
EARTHS, AND THEIR CARBONATES, ARE ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY EMPLOYED FOR 
THIS PURPOSE. 
Ammo'nise A'qua. See Aqua Am- 
moniac. 
Ammo nia* Carbo'nas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Ammonia. See 
Class III. 
Ammo'nia; Li quor. (Br. Ph.) 
Solution of Ammonia. See next arti- 
cle. 
A'qua Ammo'nise. (U. S. Ph.) 
Water (or Solution)of Ammonia. 
Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. See 
Spirit us Ammonia* Aromaticns. 
Bicarbonate of Potassa. See Potassse 
Bicarbonas. 
Bicarbonate of Soda. See Sodae Bi- 
carbonas. 
Calcined Magnesia. See Magnesia. 
Carbonate of Ammonia. See Ammo- 
nia; Carbon as. 
Carbonate of Litbia. See Lithise 
Carbonas. 
Carbonate of Magnesia. See Magne- 
sia; Carbonas. 
Carbonate of Potassa. See Potassa; 
Carbonas. 
Carbonate of Soda. See Soda; Car- 
bonas. 
Chalk. See Creta. 
Cre'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chalk. Native 
friable carbonate of lime. 
Cre'ta Prtepara'ta. (Br. Ph.) Pre- 
pared Chalk. 
Dried Carbonate of Soda. See Soda; 
Carbonas Exsiccata. 
649 ANTACIDS.—ANTHELMINTICS. 
Fer'ri Ox'idnm Hydra'turn. 
(U.S. Ph.) Hydrated Oxide of Iron. 
(An antidote to arsenious acid.) 
Fer'ri Perox'idum Hydra'turn. 
(Br. Ph.) Hydrated Peroxide of Iron. 
The same as Ferri Oxidum Hydra- 
turn. 
Hydrated Oxide of Iron. See Ferri 
Oxidiun Hydratunl. 
Lime Water. See Liquor Calcis. 
Li'quor Cal'cis. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Lime Water. 
Li quor Potassa-. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Solution of Potassa. See Class XVIII. 
Li'quor So'dse. (U.S. Ph.) Solu- 
tion of Soda. See Class XVIII. 
Litb'ise Carbo'uas. (U.S. hnd Br. 
Ph.) Carbonate of Lithia. (A remedy 
for calculus.) 
Magne'sia. (Br. Ph.) Calcined Mag- 
nesia. See Class IX. 
Magnesia; Carbo'uas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Magnesia. See 
Class IX. 
? Potas'sa Sulphura'ta. (Br. Ph.) 
Sulphurated Potash. The same as Po- 
tassii Sulpliuretum. 
Potas'sa; liiearbo'uas. (U.S. and 
Br. Ph.) Bicarbonate of Potassa, or Sal 
seratus. A substance in white, colorless 
crystals, permanent in the air and wholly 
soluble in water. 
Potas'sse Carbo'nas. (U. S. and 
Br. Ph.) Carbonate of Potash; other- 
wise called Subcarbonate of Potash. A 
white crystalline powder, alkaline and 
caustic to the taste, very deliquescent, 
and readily soluble in water. 
? I’atas'sii Sulpliurc'ttiin. (U.S. 
Ph.) Sulphuret of Potassium. 
Prepared Chalk. See Creta Prsepa- 
rnta. 
IJreparcd Oyster Shell. See Testa 
Pra*parata. 
Sa'po. (U.S. Ph.) Soap. 
So'da; liiearbo'uas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Bicarbonate of Soda, 
So'da; Carbo'uas. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Carbonate of Soda. 
So'dse Carbo'nas Exsieea'ta, 
(U.S. and Br. Ph.) Dried Carbonate of 
Soda. 
Solution of Ammonia. Sec Ammo- 
nia; Liquor. 
Solution of Potassa. See Liquor 
Potassa;. 
Spir'itus Ammo'nife Aromat'i- 
cus. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Aromatic Spirit 
of Ammonia. See Class IV. 
Sulphuret of Potassium. See Potas* 
sii Sulpliuretum. 
Tee'ta O'ri. Egg Shell. 
Tes'ta Pra-para'ta. (U. S. Ph.) 
Prepared Oyster Shell. 
CLASS XXIII. 
ANTHELMINTICS. 
SUBSTANCES WHICH HAVE THE PROPERTY OP POISONING OR DEBILITATING WORMS IN 
THE ALIMENTARY CANAL, AND THUS RENDERING THEM MORE EASY OP EXPULSION. 
IN RELATION TO THEIR MODE OP OPERATION, IT IS PROBABLE THAT SOME ACT BY A 
DIRECTLY POISONOUS INFLUENCE UPON THE WORM, OTHERS BY A MECHANICAL 
AGENCY. 
? Absin't Ilium. (U.S. Ph.) Worm- 
wood. See Class II., Section II. 
Asac/rx'a Officina'lis. See Sabadilla. 
Ascle'pias Gurassavi'ca. Bastard Ipe- 
cacuanha, or Blood Weed. (The ex- 
pressed juice.) 
Aspid'ium Fi'lix Mas. See Filix. 
Asple'nium Fi'lix Fcem'ina, otherwise 
called Aspid'ium Fi'lix Fcem’ina. Fe- 
male Fern. 
Azed'arach. (U.S. Ph.) See Class 
IX. 
Bastard Ipecacuanha. See Asclepias 
Curassavica. 
Bear’s-foot. Seo Helleborus Foet- 
id us. 
Blood Weed. See Asclepias Curas, 
saviea. 
Calomel. See Hydrarsyri Clilori- 
<1 it in Mite, and Calomelas. 
Caluni'elas. (Br. Ph.) Calomel. See 
Class NXI. 
Cevadilla. See Sabadilla. 
Chamomile, German. See Matrica- 
ria. 
Chenopo'dium. (U.S. Ph.). Worm- 
seed. The fruit of Chenopo'dium antkcl- 
min'ticum. 
Chloride of Sodium. Sfee Sodii Ohlo- 
ridnm. 
Cinnabar. See Hydrargyri Sul* 
pliu return Kubruui. 
650 ANT1IELMINTICS.—DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS. 
Common Salt, See Sodii CTilori- 
iluni. 
Cowhage. See Mucuna. 
Ciis so. (Br. Ph.) Kousso, or Koosso. 
The flowers of Braye'ra anthelmin'tica. 
(A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
Female Fern. See Asjilenium Fi- 
lix Ftnnina. 
Fern Root. See Filix. 
Fi'lix. (Br. Ph.) Fern Root. The 
dried rhizome of Aspid'ium Fi'lix Mas. 
See next article. 
Fi'lix Mas. (U.S. Ph.) Male Fern. 
The rliizoma of Aspid’ium Fi'lix Mas. 
German Chamomile. See Matricaria, 
t.ranati Radi’cis for'tex. (U.S. 
Ph.) Bark of Pomegranate Root. The 
bark of the root of Pu'nica grana'tum. 
Orana'ti Ra'dix. (Br. Ph.) Pome- 
granate Root. The same as Oranati 
Radicis Cortex. 
Helleh'urus Foet'idus. Bear’s-foot. 
llydrar'gfyri CTilo'riduni Bite. 
(U.S. Ph.) Mild Chloride of Mercury, 
or Calomel. See Class XXI. 
? Hudrar'ggri Su/phure'turn Ru'brnm. 
(U.S. Ph.) Cinnabar. See Class XXI. 
Kame'la. (Br. Ph.) The powder of 
the capsules of Rottle'ra tineto'ria. The 
same as Rottlera. 
Koosso, or Kousso. See Fusso. 
Fii'quor Barii Clilo'ridi. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Chloride of Barium. 
Alale Fern. See Filix Mas. 
Matrica'ria. (U.S. Ph.) German 
Chamomile. The flowers of Matrica'ria 
chamomil'la. 
Me'lia Azed'arach. See Azedaracb. 
Mild Chloride of Mercury. See Hy- 
drarjgyri Cliloridum Mite. 
Mucu'na. (U.S. Ph.) Cowhage. The 
hairs of the pods of Mucu'na pru'riens. 
Pe'po. (U.S. Ph.) Pumpkin Seed. 
(A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
Pinkroot. See Spigelia. 
Powder of Tin. See Stanni Pul- 
vis. 
Pride of China, or Pride of India. Sea 
Azedarach. 
? Red Sulphuret of Mercury. See Hy. 
drarsyri Snlpluiretuni Rubrum. 
Rottle'ra. (U.S. Ph.) Kamela, or 
Kameela. The powder and hairs obtained 
from the capsules of Rattle'ra tineto'ria. 
(A remedy for the tapeworm.) 
Rottle'ra Tineto'ria. See Bottlera, 
and Kamela. 
Sabadil'la. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ceva- 
dilla. See Class IX. 
Salt. See Sodii Chloridum. 
Santoii'ica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) The 
unexpanded flowers and peduncles of 
Artemis’ ia eon'trn and of o£her species 
of Artemisia (U.S. Ph.). The unex- 
panded flower-heads of an undetermined 
species of Artemisia (Br. Ph.). 
Santoui'uuni. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Santonin. A crystalline neutral princi- 
ple obtained from Santon'ica. 
So'dii Fblo'riduni. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. Sec Class II., Section V. 
Solution of Chloride of Barium. See 
liitiuor Barii Chloridi. 
Spige'lia. (U.S. Ph.) Pinkroot. The 
root of Spige'lia Marilan'dica. 
Stan'ni Pul'vis. Powder of Tin. 
Tanace'tnm. (U.S. Ph.) Tansy. 
The herb of Tauaee'tum vulga're. 
Tansy. See Tanacetum. 
Terebin'thiua. (U.S. Ph.) Turpen- 
tine. The concrete juice of Pi'nus pa- 
lus'tris and other species of Pinus. See 
Class X. 
Turpentine. See Terebinthina. 
Vera'trum Sabadil'la. See Kabadilla. 
Verno'nia Anthelmin'tica. An East 
Indian plant. (Also extolled as a bitter 
tonic.) 
Wormseed. See Chenopodium. 
CLASS XXIV. 
DISINFECTANTS, AND ANTISEPTICS* 
SUBSTANCES tVTUCII POSSESS THE POWER OF DESTROYING MORBIFIC VIRUS OR MIASM, 
AND OF CORRECTING A TENDENCY TO PUTRESCENCE. 
Atyidmii llydrochlo'ricum. (Br. 
Ph.) Hydrochloric Acid. The same as 
Aciduui Muriaticum. 
Muriat'icum. (U.S. Ph.) 
Muriatic Acid. (Antiseptic.) See Classes 
II. and VI. 
* With a few exceptions, substances that are antiseptic may be used as disinfectants also: 
those not so used are noted in the list. (See Sodii CTlloriduui, etc.) 
651 DISINFECTANTS, AND ANTISEPTICS. 
Acidum JTi'trlcnm. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Nitric Acid. (Antiseptic.) See 
Class II., Section V. 
A<;'idian Nitrohydrochlo'ricum. The 
same as Acidum Nitromuriati- 
cnm. 
Acidum Kitromurlaticum. 
(U.S. Ph.) Nitromuriatic Acid. See 
Class XXI. 
AcidumSulphu'ricum. (U.S.and 
Br. Ph.) Sulphuric Acid. (Antiseptic.) 
See Class II., Section V. 
Acidum Sulpliuro'snm. (Br. Ph.) 
Sulphurous Acid. See Class XXI. 
AG'ther. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ether, 
or Sulphuric Ether. See Class V. 
Alcohol. (U.S. Ph.) (Antiseptic.) 
Alu' minx Sid'phas. Sulphate of Alu- 
mina. (Antiseptic.) 
A'qua Chlorin'li. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
rine Water, or Solution of Chlorine. 
Bromlnium. (U.S. Ph.) Bromine. 
Cal'cis Sid’phis. Sulphite of Lime. 
Calx. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Lime. See 
Class XVIII. 
Calx Chlora'ta. (Br. Ph.) Chlori- 
nated Lime. See next article. 
Calx Clilorina'ta. (U.S. Ph.) Chlo- 
rinated Lime. 
Car'bo Idgiii. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Charcoal. 
Carbolic Acid. See Phenie Acid. 
Charcoal. See Carbo Ligui. 
Chloride of Lime. See Calx Chlo- 
r in at a. 
Chloride of Sodium. See Sodii Chlo- 
ridum. 
Chlo'ri Id'quor. (Br. Ph.) Solu- 
tion of Chlorine. 
Chlorinated Lime. See Calx Chlo- 
r in at a. 
Chlorine. Sec Chlorinium. 
Chlorine Water. See Aqua Clilo- 
rinil. 
Cidorin'ii Li'quor. See Aqua Clilo- 
rinii. 
Chlorin'ium. Chlorine. 
Common Salt. See Sodii Clilori- 
dum. 
Copperas. See Ferri Sulphas. 
Creasote. See Creasotum. 
Creaso'tum. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Creasote. See Class V. 
Ether. See iEther. 
Fer'iri Sul'phas.. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Sulphate of Iron. Sec Class I., Sectioc 
II. 
Crlyceri'na. (U.S. Ph.) Glycerin. 
(Antiseptic.) See Class XIX. 
Labarraque’s Disinfecting Liquid. The 
same as I.iquor Sortie nilori:iirta>. 
Ledoyen’s Disinfecting Fluid. A solu- 
tion of Nitrate of Lead, in the proportion 
of a drachm of the salt to an ounce of 
water. 
Li'quor So'(hr Chlora'tee. See Sodae 
Chloratse I.iquor. 
LiquorSortieClilorina'ta*. (U.S. 
Ph.) Solution of Chlorinated Soda. 
Nitrateof Lead. SeePIumbi Jfitras. 
Nitre, or Nitrate of Potash. See Po- 
tassie Nitras. 
Nitromuriatic Acid. See Acidum 
Sfitromuriaticum. 
Phen'ic Acid, otherwise called Carbolic 
Acid. A substance obtained by distil- 
lation from the oily portion of coal tar, 
and resembling creasote in its chemical 
relations and physical properties. 
Pinm'hi \i’tras. (U.S. Ph.) Nitrate 
of Lead. 
Potas'sse Ni'tras. (U.S. and Dr. Ph.) 
Nitrate of Potash, or Nitre. Chiefly em- 
ployed as an antiseptic. 
Potas'sse Permau'ganas. (U.S. 
Ph.) Permanganate of Potash. See 
Class XVIII. 
? Sac charmn. (U.S. Ph.) Sugar. 
(Antiseptic.) 
Salt. See Sodii Chlnrirtmn. 
So'rtie (lilora tic Id'quor. (Br. 
Ph.) Solution of Chlorinated Soda. The 
same as liquor Soda; Clilorinata*. 
? So da; Sul'pliis. (U.S. Ph.) Sul- 
phite of Soda. 
So'dii Chlo'ridum. (U.S. and Br. 
Ph.) Chloride of Sodium, or Common 
Salt. (Antiseptic.) See Class I., Section 
II. 
Solution of Chlorinated Soda. See 
liquor Sodii* Clilorinata*. 
Solution of Chlorine. Sec Aqua 
Chlorinii. 
Sugar. See Saccliarum. (Anti- 
septic.) 
Sulphate of Iron. See Ferri Sul- 
phas. 
Sulphite of Lime. See Calcis Snl- 
phis. 
Sulphuric Ether. See AStlier. 
652 EXCITO-MOTOR STIMULANTS. 
EXCITO-MOTOR STIMULANTS. 
CLASS XXV. 
SUBSTANCES WHICH POSSESS THE POWER OF EXCITING, THROUGH THE SPINAL MAR* 
ROW AND .MOTOR NERVES, CONTRACTION OF THE MUSCLES OF THE BODY.*' 
Bean of St. Ignatius. See Jgnatia. 
Borax. See Sodse Itoras. 
Bru'cia. An alkaloid obtained from 
nux vomica and the bean of St. Ignatius. 
Ergot. See Ergota. 
Ergota. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) Ergot. 
The diseased seed of Seca'Ie cerea'le 
(U.S. Ph.). Secale cereale: the grain 
diseased by the presence of an imperfect 
fungus (Br. Ph.). (Uterine.) 
Extrac'tnin CanTiabis. (U.S. Ph.) 
Extract of Hemp. (Uterine.) See Class V. 
Extrac'tnin ('an'iialiis In'dicie. 
(Br. Ph.) Extract of Indian Hemp. The 
same as Extractum Cannabis. 
Fa'ba Sanc'ti Igna'tii. See Ignatia. 
©ossy'pii Ka'dix. (Uterine.) See 
Class XIII. 
Igna'tia. (U.S. Ph.) Bean of St. 
Ignatius. The seed of Strych'nos Ig- 
na'tia. 
Nitrous Oxide. See Oxiduin Nitro- 
811 III. 
Xux Vomica. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
The seed of Strych'nos nux vom'ica. 
? Ox'idum Nitro'sum. Nitrous Oxide 
(Gas). See Class V. 
Seca'Ie Cerea'le. See Ergota. 
So'clse Ho'ras. (U.S. Ph.) Borate 
of Soda, or Borax. (Uterine.) See Class 
VI. and X. 
SIrycb'nia. (U.S. and Br. Ph.) 
Strychnine. An alkaloid in the form of 
a white or grayish-white powder, of an 
intensely bitter taste, obtained from 
Strych'nos nux vom'ica. 
* Several of these substances have a special direction to the uterus, and are marked uterine. 
653 INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
i In the following Index, a single number placed after the name denotes the class to which the article be- 
longs : as, ‘‘Acacia, lit,’’ “Alcohol, 5;” when two numbers occur, separated bjr a comma, the first refers to the 
class, the second to the section: as, “Acetate of Magnesia, b. 2:” but if the numbers are joined by an “and, ’ 
different classes are referred to: thus, “Adansonia Digitata, 2,3 and 11,3,” implies that this belongs to the 
second class, third se tion, and also to the eleventh class, third section. For the sake of brevity, Arabic numerals 
are employed in the Index instead of the Roman which occur in the Table. 
Abies Balsamea, 10. 
Abies Canadensis, 17. 
Abies Excelsa, 17. 
Absinthium, 2, 2. 
Acacia, 19. 
Acacia Catechu, 1, 1. 
Acetate of Ammonia, Solution 
of, 11, 2. 
Acetate of Lead, 1, 2. 
Acetate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
Acetate of Morphia, 5. 
Acetate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
Acetate of Zinc, 1, 2. 
Acetum Cantharidis, 16. 
Acetum Colchici, 10. 
Acetum Opii, 5. 
Acetum Scillte, 12, 8. 
Achillea Millefolium, 13. 
Acidum Aceticum, 6. 
Acidum Aceticum Campliora- 
tum, 5. 
Acidum Aceticum Glaciale, 16. 
Acidum Arseniosum, 18 and 21. 
Acidum Citricum, 6. 
Acidum Gallicum, 1,1. 
Acidum Ilydriodicum, 21. 
Acidum Hydrochloricum, 2, 5. 
Acidum Ilydrocyanicum Dilu- 
tum, 7. 
Acidum Muriaticum, 6 & 2, 5. 
Acidum Nitricum, 2.5; and 24. 
Acidum Nitricum Dilutum,2,5. 
Acidum Nitro-liydroclilori- 
cum, 21 and 24. 
Acidum Nitromuriaticum, 2, 
5; and 21 and 24. 
Acidum Phosphoricum Dilu- 
ttim, 2, 5. 
Acidum Sulphuricum, 2, 5; 
and 24. 
Acidum Sulphuricum Aroma- 
ticunj, 1, 2; and 2, 5. 
Acidum Sulphurosum, 21 & 24. 
Acidum Tannicum, 1, 1. 
Acidum Tartaricum, 6. 
Aconite, 7. 
Aconite Root, 7. 
Aconiti Folium, 7. 
Aconiti Radix, 7. 
Aconitia, 7. 
Aconitum, 7. 
Acorus Calamus, 2, 4. 
Acrid Lettuce, 5. 
Adansonia Digitata, 2, 3; and 
11,3. 
Adder’s Tongue, 8. 
Adeps, 20. 
Adeps Pra?paratus, 20. 
JEsculus Ilippocastanum, 2, 3. 
Hither, 4. 
Hither Ilydriodicus, 21. 
Agathotes Chi ray ta, 2,1. 
Agave Americana, 13. 
Alcohol, 5. 
Aletris, 2,1. 
Allium, 12 and 4. 
Allium Cepa, 12. 
Aloe Barbadensis, 9,1. 
Aloe Capensis, 9, 1. 
Aloe Ilepatica, 9, 1. 
Aloe Socotrina, 9,1. 
Aloe Vulgaris, 9, 1. 
Aloes, 9, 1; and 13. 
Alpinia Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
Althaea, 19. 
Alum, 1, 2. 
Alum Root, 1, 1. 
Alumen, 1, 2. 
Aiumen Exsiccatum, 18. 
Aluminae Sulphas, 24. 
American Aloe, 13. 
American Centaury, 2,1. 
American Columbo, 2, 1. 
American Dittany, 11, 3. 
American Hellebore, 8. 
American Senna, 9, 1. 
Ammonia, 22. 
Ammoniac, 12. 
Ammoniacum, 12. 
Ammonias Aqua, 22. 
Ammonite Arsenias, 21. 
Ammonite Benzoas, 10. 
Ammonite Carbonas, 3. 
Ammonite Hydrocliloras, 4. 
Ammonite Hydrosulphure- 
tum, 6. 
Ammonia; Liquor, 22. 
Ammonia; Liquor Fortior, 17. 
Ammonia; Pliosphas, 21. 
Ammoniated Copper, 2, 5. 
Ammonii Iodidum, 21. 
Amygdala, 19. 
Amygdala Dulcis, 19. 
Amylum, 19. 
Amyris Myrrlia, 2, 2. 
Anacardium Occidentalo, 18. 
Anacyclus Pyrethrum, 14. 
Anethtim, 2, 4. 
Angelica, 2, 4. 
Angelica Atropurpurea, 2, 4. 
Angustura, 2, 3. 
Anisum, 2, 4. 
Anthemis, 2, 2. 
Anthemis Cotula, 2, 2. 
Antimonite etPotassse Tartras, 
8. 
Antimonial Powder, 11,1. 
Antimonial Wine, 8 and 11. 
Antimonii Oxidum, 8. 
Antimonii Sulphuretum, 8. 
Antimonii Terchloridi Liquor, 
18. 
Antimonium Sulpliuratum, 11, 
1. 
Antimonium Tartaratum, 8. 
Apocynum Androstemifolium, 
8. 
Apocynum Cannabinum, 8. 
Aqua Acidi Carbonici, 11, 2. 
Aqua Ammonias, 22. 
Aqua Ammonia; Fortior, 16. 
Aqua Calcis, 1,2; and 22. 
Aqua Chlorinii, 24. 
Aqua Fortis, 2, 5. 
Arbutus Uva Ursi, 1, 1. 
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi, 1,1. 
Argenti Nitras, 18 and 16. 
Argenti Nitras Fusa, 16. 
Argenti Oxidum, 4. 
Aristolocliia Serpentaria, 2, 3. 
Armoracia, 10 and 15. 
Arnica, 4. 
Aromatic Spiri t of Ammonia, 4. 
Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, 1, 2. 
Arrow-Root, 19. 
Arseniate of Ammonia, 21. 
Arseniate of Iron, 21. 
Arsenici Iodidum, 21. 
Arsenious Acid, 21. 
Artanthc Elongata, 2, 4. 
Artemisia Absinthium, 2, 2. 
Artichoke, 10. 
Arum, 12. 
Asagrasa Officinalis, 9,1. 
Asarabacca, 15. 
Asarum, 2, 4. 
Asarum Europseum, 15. 
Asclepias Curassavica, 23. 
Asclcpias Incarnata, 8. 
Asclepias Syriaca, 12. 
Asclepias Tuberosa, 11, 3. 
Asparagus Officinalis, 10. 
Aspidium Filix Mas, 23. 
Asplenium (or Aspidium) Filix 
Foemina, 23. 
Assafetida, or Assafoetida, 4. 
Astragalus Verus, 19. 
Atropa Belladonna, 5. 
Atropia, 5. 
Aurantii Cortex, 2, 4. 
A vena; Farina, 19. 
Azedarach, 9, 1; and 23. 
Balm, 2, 4. 
Balsam of Peru, 12. 
Balsam of Tolu, 12. 
Balsamodendron Myrrha, 2, 2. 
Balsamum Peruvianum, 12. 
Balsamum Tolutanum, 12. 
Baneberry, 9, 1. 
Baobab, 2, 3; and 11, 3. 
Barbadoes Aloes, 9. 
Barbadoes Nut, 9, 1. 
Barberry, 1, 1; and 6. 
Barley, 19. 
Barosina Crenata, 10. 
Bastard Ipecacuanha, 23. 
Bean of St. Igna tius, 2, 5. 
Bearberry, 1, 1. 
Bear’s-foot, 23. 
Bebeeru Bark, 2, 2. 
Beberife Sulphas, 2, 2. 
Bela, 1,1. 
654 Belladonna, 5. 
Belladonnas Folium, 5. 
Belladonnas Radix, 5. 
Benue Leaves, 19. 
Benzoin, 12. 
Benzoinum, 12. 
Berberis Vulgaris, 1.1; and 6. 
Biborate of Soda, 6 and 10. 
Bicarbonate of Potassa, 22. 
Bicarbonate of Soda, 22. 
1 iehloride of Mercury, 18 & 21. 
Bichromate of Lead, 8. 
Bichromate of Potassa, 8. 
Bismutlii Subnitras, 2, 5. 
Bismuthum Album, 2, 5. 
Bistort, 1, 1. 
Bisulphate of Potassa, 2, 5. 
Bisulphurate of Carbon, 11, 3. 
Bi tartrate of Potassa, 6. 
Bittersweet, 5. 
Black Alder, 1, 1. 
Blackberry-Root, 1,1. 
Black Drop, 5. 
Black-Oak Bark, 1, 1. 
Black Oxide of Mercury, 14 
and 22. 
Black Pepper, 2, 4. 
Black Snakeroot, 2, 2. 
Black Sulphuret of Mercury ,21. 
Bladder-Wrack, 21. 
Blood-Root, 8. 
Blood Weed, 23. 
Blue F’lag, 9, 1. 
Blue Gentian, 2,1. 
Blue Vitriol, 18; 1, 2; and 2,5. 
Blunt-leaved Dock, 1,1. 
Boneset, 2, 3. 
Borate of Soda, 6 and 10. 
Borax, 6, 10, and 25. 
Brandy, 5. 
Bromide of Iron, 21. 
Bromide of Mercury, 21. 
Bromide of Potassium, 21. 
Bromine (Brominium), 21. 
Brominii Chloridum, 21. 
Broom, 10. 
Brucia, 25. 
Bryony, or Bryonia, 9, 1. 
Buehu, 10. 
Buck-Bean, 2, 2. 
Bugle-Weed, 5. 
Burdock, 9, 1. 
Burgundy Pitch, 17. 
Butterfly-Weed, 11, 3. 
Butternut, 9,1. 
Button Snakeroot, 11. 
Cadmii Iodidum, 21. 
Caft'ea, 4. 
Cahinca, or Cainca, 10. 
Calamine, 2, 5. 
Calamus, 2, 4; and 14. 
Calcined Magnesia, 9, 2. 
Calcis Sul phis, 24. 
Calomel, 21; and 9, 2. 
Calomelas,"21; and 9, 2. 
Calotropis Gigantea, 11, 3. 
Calumba, 2, 1. 
Calx, 18. 
Calx Chlorinata or Chlorata, 
1, 2. 
Cambogia, 9, 1. 
Camphora, 4. 
Camphorated Acetic Acid, 5. 
Canada Fleabane, 10; and 1,1. 
Canada Pitch, 17. 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDIC’A. 
Canada Snakeroot, 2, 4. 
Canada Turpentine, 10. 
Canella, 2, 4. 
Can el la Alba, 2, 4 
Canna, 19. 
Cannabis Indica, 5. 
Cantharides, 16. 
Cantliaris, 16. 
Cantliaris Yittata, 16. 
Capparis Spinosa, or Caper 
Bush, 10. 
Capsicum, 3. 
Caraway, 2, 4. 
Carbolic Acid, 24. 
Carbonate of Ammonia, 3. 
Carbonate of Lead, 1, 2. 
Carbonate of Lithia, 22. 
Carbonate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
Carbonate of Potassa, 22. 
Carbonate of Soda, 22. 
Carbonate of Zinc, 2, 5. 
Carbonic Acid Water, 11, 2. 
Carburet of Iron, 21. 
Cardamom, 2, 4. 
Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
Carota, 10. 
Carrageen, 19. 
Cartliamus,*ll, 3. 
Carui, 2, 4. 
Carum, 2, 4. 
Caryophyllum, 2, 4. 
Caryopliyllus, 2, 4. 
Cascarilla, 2, 3. 
Cashew-Nut, 18. 
Cassia, 9,1. 
Cassia Acutifolia, 9,1. 
Cassia Elongata, 9,1. 
Cassia F’istula, 9, 1. 
Castanea Pumila, 1,1. 
Castor, 4. 
Castoreum, 4. 
Cataria, 4. 
Catechu, 1,1. 
Catnep, 4. 
Caustic Potassa, 18. 
Caustic Soda, 18. 
Cayenne Pepper, 3. 
Celandine, 9, 1. 
Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, 8. 
Cerate of Lard, 20. 
Cerate of Spanish Flies, 16. 
Cerate of Spermaceti, 20. 
Cerate of Subacetate of Lead, 
1, 2. 
Ceratum Adipis, 20. 
Ceratnm Cantharidis, 16. 
Ceratum Cetacei, 20. 
Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis, 
20; and 1, 2. 
Ceratum Saponis, 20. 
Ceratum Simplex, 20. 
Cetaceum, 20 and 19. 
Cetraria, 19. 
Cevadilla, 9,1. 
Chalk, 22. 
Chalk, Prepared, 22. 
Chamomile, 2, 2. 
Chelidonium Majus, 9, 1. 
Chenopodium, 23. 
Cherry Laurel, 4. 
Chimaphila, 10. 
Chinquapin, 1, 1. 
Cliirayta, or Chirata, 2,1. 
Chiretta, 2,1. 
Chlorate of Potassa, 6. 
Chloride of Bromine, 21. 
Chloride of Iron, 13. 
Chloride of Magnesium, 9, 2. 
Chloride of Sodium, 2, 3. 
Chloride of Zinc, 18. 
Chlori Liquor, 24. 
Chlorinated Lime, 24. 
Chlorine Water, 24. 
Chlorinii Liquor, 24. 
Chloroform, 5. 
Cliloroformum, 5. 
Chloroformum Venale, 5. 
Chondrus, 19. 
Chry sophy llum Glycyphloe- 
um, 21. 
Cimicifuga, 2, 2. 
Cinchona, 2, 3. 
Cinnabar, 14, 21. 
Cinnamomum, 2, 4. 
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, 2,4. 
Cinnamon, 2, 4. 
Cissampelos Pareira, 10. 
Citrate of Iron, 2, 5. 
Citrate of Potassa, 6 & 11; 2. 
Citrate of Soda, 9, 2. 
Citric Acid, 6. 
Citrullus Colocynthis, 9, 1. 
Citrus Aurantium, 2, 4. 
Clematis, 10. 
Cloves, 2, 4. 
Cocculus Palmatus, 2,1. 
Cochlearia Armoracia, 10 & 15. 
Cochlearia Officinalis, 10. 
Cod-liver Oil, 2, 2. 
Coffee, 4. 
Colcliici Cormus, 21. 
Colchici Radix, 21. 
Colchici Semen, 21. 
Colomba, 2, 1. 
Comfrey, 19. 
Common Caustic, 18. 
Common Mallow, 19. 
Common Salt, 2, 3; and 2, 5. 
Compound Spirit of Either, 4. 
Conii Fructus, 5. 
Conium, 5. 
Convallaria Majalis, 15. 
Convolvulus Panduratus, 9,1. 
Convolvulus Scammonia, 9,1. 
Copaiba, 10. 
Copaifera Multijuga, 10. 
Copperas, 1, 2; and 24. 
Coptis, 2, 1. 
Coriander, 2, 4. 
Coriandrum, 2, 4. 
Cornus Circinata, 2, 3. 
Cornus Florida, 2, 3. 
Cornus Sericea, 2, 3. 
Corrosive Sublimate, 18 and 21. 
Corydalis Formosa, 10. 
Cotton Root, 13 and 25. 
Cotula, 2, 2. 
Cowhage, 23. 
Cranesbill, 1,1. 
Cream of Tartar, 6. 
Creasote, 5. 
Creasotum, 5. 
Creta, 22. 
Creta Prseparata, 22. 
Crocus, 4; and 11, 3. 
Croton Eleuteria, 2, 3. 
Croton Oil, 9, 1. 
Croton Tiglium, 9, 1. 
Crotonis Oleum, 9,1. 
Crowfoot, 16. 
655 Crystals ol Tartar, 9, 2. 
Cubeba, 10 and 2, 4. 
Cubebs, 10 and 2, 4. 
Cucumis Colocynthis, 9,1. 
Cunilu Mariana, 11, 3. 
Cupri Subacetas, 18. 
Cupri Sulphas, 18; 1,2; & 2, 5. 
Cuprum Ammoniatum, 2, 5. 
Curcas Purgans, 9,1. 
Curcuma, 2, 4. 
Cusparia, 2, 3. 
Cusso, 23. 
Cyanide of Potassium, 7. 
Cycas Circinalis, 19. 
Cydonia Vulgaris, 19. 
Cydonium, 19. 
Cynara Scolymus, 10. 
Cytisus Scoparius, 10. 
Daphne Gnidium, 16. 
Daphne Mezereum, 16. 
Datura Stramonium, 5. 
Dauci Radix, 10. 
Delphinium Consolida, 10. 
Delphinium Staphisagria, 8. 
Dewberry Root, 1,1. 
Dextrin, or Dextrina, 19. 
Digitalinum, 7. 
Digitalis, 7 and 10. 
Dill Seed, 2, 4. 
Diospyros, 1,1. 
Dirca Palustris, 16 
Dittany (American), 11, 3. 
Dock, Yellow, 2, 2. 
Dogwood, 2, 3. 
Dorema Ammoniacum, 12. 
Dorstenia Contrayerva, 11, 3. 
Dracontium, 4. 
Dragon-Root, 12. 
Dried Carbonate of Soda, 22. 
Drimys Winteri, 2, 4. 
Dulcamara, 5. 
Dyer’s Saffron, 11, 3. 
Elaterium, 9,1. 
Elder, 9, 1; and 11, 3. 
Elecampane, 2, 2. 
Elemi, 17. 
Elettaria Cardamomum, 2, 4. 
Elixir of Vitriol, 1, 2. 
Elm Bark, 19. 
Euiplastrum Picis cum Can- 
tharide, 16. 
Epsom Salts, 9, 2. 
Ergot, 25. 
Ergota, 25. 
Erigeron, 10; and 1,1. 
Erigeron Canadense, 10; &1,1. 
Erigeron Ileterophyllum, 10; 
and 1,1. 
Eryngium Aquaticum, 11. 
Erythraea Centaurium, 2,1. 
Erythronium Americanum, 8. 
Ether (.Ether), 5 and 24. 
Eugenia Caryophyllata, 2, 4. 
Euonymus Atropurpureus,9,1. 
Eupatorium, 2, 3. 
Euphorbia Corollata, 8. 
Euphorbia Ipecacuanha, 8. 
Eupliorbium, 16. 
Exogonium Purga, 9,1. 
Extract of Butternut, 9, 1. 
Extractum Cannabis, 5. 
Extractum Cannabis Indica;, 5. 
Extractum Glycyrrhizfe, 19. 
Extractum Juglandis, 9,1. 
Faba S.ancti Ignatix, 25. 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
False Sunflower, 15. 
Female Fern, 23. 
Fennel-Seed, 2, 4. 
Fern Root, 23. 
Ferri Ammonio-citras, 2, 5. 
Ferri Arsenias, 21. 
Ferri Bromidum, 21. 
Ferri Carbonas Saccliarata, 2,5. 
Ferri Carburetum, 21. 
Ferri Chloridum, 13. 
Ferri Citras, 2, 5. 
Ferri et Ammonia; Citras, 2, 5. 
Ferri et Ammonia' Tartras, 2,5. 
Ferri et Potassa; Tartras, 2,5. 
Ferri et Quinia; Citras, 2, 5. 
Ferri Ferrocyanidum, 2, 5. 
Ferri Iodidum, 2, 5 and 13. 
Ferri Lactas, 2, 5. 
Ferri Oxidum Ilydratum, 22. 
Ferri OxidnmMagneticum,2,5. 
Ferri Perchloridi Liquor, 2, 5. 
Ferri Pernitratis Liquor, 2, 5. 
Ferri Peroxidum, 2, 5. 
Ferri Peroxidum Ilydratum,22. 
Ferri Pliosplias, 2, 5. 
Ferri Ramenta, 2, 5. 
Ferri Ruliigo, 2, 5. 
Ferri Suhcarbonas, 2, 5. 
Ferri Sulphas, 1, 2 and 24. 
Ferri Sulphas Granulata, 2, 5. 
Ferroeyanide of Potassium, 6. 
Ferroeyanuret of Iron, 2, 5. 
Ferrum Ammoniatum, 2, 5. 
Ferrum Redactum, 2,5. 
Ferrum Tartaratum, 2, 5. 
Ferula Assafcetida, 4. 
Fever-Root, 9,1. 
Ficus, 9,1. 
Fig, 9, 1. 
Filix, 23. 
Filix Mas, 23. 
Flaxseed, 19. 
Flaxseed Oil, 20. 
Fleabane, 10. 
Florentine Orris, 9,1. 
Fcenicnlum, 2, 4. 
Foxglove, 7 and 10. 
Frasera, 2,1. 
Fraxinus Qrnus, 9,1. 
Frostwort, 1, 1. 
Fucus Vesieulosus, 21. 
Fused Nitrate of Silver, 1C. 
Galbanum, 12. 
Galipea Officinalis, 2, 3. 
Galla, 1, l. 
Gallic Acid, 1,1. 
Galls, 1,1. 
Gamboge, 9,1. 
Gambogia, 9,1. 
Garden Artichoke, 10. 
Garden Carrot, 10. 
Garlic, 12 and 4. 
Gaultheria, 2, 4. 
Geneva, 10. 
Gentian, 2,1. 
Gentiana, 2,1. 
Gentiana Catesbaei, 2,1. 
Geranium, 1,1. 
German Chamomile, 2, 2. 
Geum, 1,1. 
Gin, 10. 
Ginger, 2, 4. 
Ginseng, 2, 4. 
Glacial Acetic Acid, 16. 
Glauber’s Salts, 9, 2. 
Glycerin, 19. 
Glyccrina, 19. 
Glycerinum, 19. 
Glycyrrliiza, 19. 
Golden Rod, 2, 4. 
Goldthread, 2, 1. 
Gossypii Radix, 13. 
Gossypium Herhacenni, 13. 
Granati Fructus Cortex, 1,1. 
Grauati Radicis Cortex, 23. 
Granati Radix, 23. 
Green Iodide of Mercury, 21. 
Guaiac, 11, 3. 
Guaiaci Lignum, 11, 3. 
Guaiaci Resina, 11, 3. 
Guaiacum Officinale, 11, 3. 
Gum Arabic, 19. 
Il/EMATOXYLO.V, 1,1. 
Hardback, 1,1. 
Hedeoma, 2, 4. 
Helenium Autumnale, 15. 
Ilelianthemuni, 1,1. 
llelleborus, 9, 1. 
Hell chorus Feetidus, 23; &9,1. 
Ilelleborus Niger, 9, 1. 
Ilemidesmus, 2, 2; and 21. 
Hemlock, 5. 
Hemlock Pitch, 17. 
Ilepatica, 2, 2. 
Heraclenm Lanatum, 2,2. 
I reach era, 1,1. 
Hoffmann's Anodyne (Spiritus 
-Etheris Compositus), 4. 
Honey, 9,1. 
Hops, 2, 2; and 5. 
Ilordeum, 19. 
Ilorehound, 2, 2. 
Horsechesmit, 2, 3. 
Ilorsemint, 2, 4. 
Horseradish, 10. 
Humulus, 2, 2; and 5. 
Hydrargyri Bromidum, 21. 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Corro- 
sivuin, 18 and 21. 
Ilydrarg. Chlorid. Mite. 21 & 9. 
Ilydrarg. Iodidum Rubrum,2l. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum Viride, 21. 
Hydrargyri Nitras. 21. 
llydrar, Oxid. Nigrum, 14 & 22. 
Hvdrar. Pernitratis Liquor, 18. 
Ilydrarg. Sulphas Flava, 21 & 8. 
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Ni- 
grum, 21. 
Hydrargyri Sulphuretum Ru- 
brum, 14 and 21. 
Hydrargyrum, 22. 
Hydrargyrum Corrosivitm 
Subiimatum, 18. 
Hydrargyrum cum Creta, 21. 
Hydrated Oxide of Iron, 22. 
Ilydriodic Acid, 21. 
Ilydriodic Ether, 21. 
1 lydrosulphuret of Ammonia,6. 
Ilyoscyami Folium, 5. 
Ilyoseyami Semen, 5. 
Hyosevamus, 5. 
Iceland Moss, 19. 
Ignatia, 25. 
Indian Ilemp, 5; also, 10. 
Indian Sarsaparilla, 2,2; & 21. 
Indian Tobacco, 8. 
Indian Turnip, 12. 
Inula, 2, 2. 
Iodide of Ammonium, 21. 
Iodide of Arsenic, 21. 
656 Iodide of Cadmium, 21. 
Iodide of Iron, 2, 5; and 13. 
Iodide of Sulphur, 21. 
Iodide of Zinc, 21. 
Iodine, 21. 
lodinitun, 21. 
lodum, 21. 
Ipecacuanha, 8. 
Iponuea Jalapa, 9, 1. 
Iris Florentina, 9, 1. 
Iris Versicolor, 9,1. 
Irish Moss, 19. 
Iron Filings, 2, 5. 
J alapa, 9,1. 
Jalap* Resina, 9,1. 
Jauipha Manihot, 19. 
Jatroplia Manihot, 19. 
Jatropha Purgans, 9,1. 
Juglans, 9,1. 
Juglans Cinerea, 9,1. 
Juniperus, 10. 
Juniperus Sabina, 13. 
Juniperus Virginiana, 13. 
Kameela, or Kaniela, 23. 
Kino, 1,1. 
Koosso, or Kousso, 23. 
Kranteria, 1, 1. 
LaBARRAQTJE’S DlSlN’FECTINO 
Liquid, 24. 
Lactate of Iron, 2, 5. 
Lactuea Sativa, 5. 
Lactuca Virosa, 5. 
Lactucarium, 5. 
Lappa, 9, 1. 
Larkspur, 10. 
Laurocerasus, 4. 
Lattrus Camphora, 5. 
Lavandula, 2, 4. 
Lavandula Spica, 2, 4. 
Lavandula Vera, 2, 4. 
Lavender, 2, 4. 
Leather-Wood, 16. 
Ledoven’s Disinfecting Fluid, 
24. 
Leontodon Taraxacum, 10. 
Leptandra, 9,1. 
Leptandrin, 9,1. 
Lichen Islandicus, 19. 
Lily of the Valley, 15. 
Lime, 18. 
Lime Liniment, 20. 
Lime-Water, 1, 2; and 22. 
Limonis Cortex, 2, 4. 
Limonis Succus, 6. 
Lini Farina, 20. 
Lini Semen, 19. 
Liniment of Ammonia, 17. 
Liniment of Spanish Flies, 16. 
Linimentum Ammonia;, 17. 
Liuimentum Calcis, 20. 
Linimentum Cantharidis, 16. 
Linseed Meal, 20. 
Linum, 19. 
Linum Catharticum, 9,1. 
Liquor Ammoniw, 22. 
Liq. Ammonia; Acetatis, 11,2. 
Liq. Ammonite Citratis, 11,2. 
Liquor Arsenici Chloridi, 21. 
Liquor Arsenici et Ilydrar- 
gyri Iodidi, 21. 
Liquor Barii Chloridi, 23. 
Liquor Calcii Chloridi, 10. 
Liquor Calcis, 1, 2; and 22. 
Liq. Ferri Nitratis, 2,5; & 1,2. 
Liquor Magnesi* Citratis, 9,2. 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDIC*. 
Litp Plumbi Subacetatis, 1,2. 
Liquor Potass*, 22. 
Liquor Potass* Arsonitis, 21. 
Liquor Potassa; Citratis, 11, 2. 
Liquor Soda;, 18 and 22. 
Liquor Sod* Chlorat*, 24. 
Liquor Sod* Chlorinat*, 24. 
Liquorice, 19. 
Liquorice-Root, 19. 
Liriodendron, 2, 2. 
Litharge, 1, 2. 
Litliargyrum, 1, 2. 
Litlii* Oarbonas, 22. 
Liverwort, 1,1. 
Lobelia, 8. 
Logwood, 1, 1. 
Long Pepper, 2, 4. 
Loose-strife, 1.9. 
Lunar Caustic, 18 and 16. 
Lupulin, 2, 2. 
Lupuliua, 2, 2. 
Lupulus, 2, 2. 
Lycopodium, 10. 
Lycopus, 1,1. 
Lythrum Salicari*, 19. 
Macis, 2, 4. 
Madar, 11, 3. 
Magistery of Bismuth, 2, 5. 
Magnesia, 9, 2; and 22. 
Magnesi* Acetas, 9, 2. 
Magnesi* Carbonas, 9, 2. 
Magnesi* Cliloridum, 9, 2. 
Magnetic Oxide of Iron, 2, 5. 
Magnolia, 2, 3. 
Mahogany Tree, 2, 3. 
Male Fern, 23. 
Mallow, 20. 
Malva Sylvestris, 19. 
Manganesii Oxidnm, 2, 5. 
Manganesii Oxid. Nigrum, 21. 
Manganesii Sulphas, 9, 2. 
Manna, 9,1. 
Maranta, 19. 
Marjoram, 2, 4. 
Marrubium, 2, 2. 
Marshmallow, 19. 
Marsh Rosemary, 1,1. 
Marsh Trefoil, 2, 2. 
Masterwort, 2, 2. 
Mastic, 10. 
Mastiche, 10. 
Matica, 2, 4. 
Matico, 2, 4. 
Matricaria, 2, 2; and 23. 
May-Apple, 9,1. 
May-Weed, 2,2. 
Meadow Anemone, 21. 
Mel, 9,1. 
Melia Azedarach, 9,1. 
Melissa, 2, 4. 
Mentha Piperita, 2, 4. 
Mentha Pulegium, 2, 4. 
Mentha Yiridis, 2, 4. 
Menyanthes Trifoliate, 2, 2. 
Mercury with Chalk, 21. 
Mezereou, 16. 
Mezereum, 16. 
Mild Chloride of Mercury, 21, 
Milfoil, 13. 
Milkweed, 8. 
Molasses, 9,1. 
Momordica Elaterium, 9,1. 
Monarda Punctata, 2, 4. 
Monesia, 21. 
| Mori Succus, 6. 
Morphia, 5. 
Morphias' Acetas, 5. 
Morphias llydroehloras, 5. 
Morphias Marias, 5. 
Morphia; Sulphas, 5. 
Moschus, 4. 
Mucuna, 23. 
Mudar, 11, 3. 
Mulberry-Juice, 6. 
Mustard, 17 and 8. 
Myristica, 2, 4. 
Myrospermum Peruifcrura, 12 
Myrospermum Toluiferum, 12. 
Myrrh, 2, 2. 
Myrrha, 2, 2. 
Myrtus Pimenta, 2, 4. 
Naphthalin, 12. 
Narthex Assafcetida, 12. 
Nectandra Rodiei, 2, 3. 
Nepeta Cataria, 2, 4. 
Nicotiana Tabaciuu, 7 and 5. 
Nitrate of Lead, 24. 
Nitrate of Mercury, 21. 
Nitrate of Potassa, 6. 
Nitrate of Silver, 18. 
Nitre, 6. 
Nitric Acid, 2, 5; and 24. 
Nitro-inuriatic Acid, 2, 5; 2] 
and 24. 
Nux Vomica, 25. 
Oatmeal, 19. 
Oil of Almonds, 7. 
Oil of Cajuput, 11, 3. 
Oil of Camphor, 4. 
Oil of Copaiba, 10. 
Oil of Rosemary, 17. 
Oil of Turpentine, 3 and 10. 
Oil of Vitriol, 2, 5. 
Oils (fixed), 20. 
Ointment of Mercury, 21. 
Ointment of Rose-Mater, 20. 
Ointment of Spanish Flies, 16. 
Olea Fixa (Fixed Oils), 20. 
Oleum Amygdalae Amarse, 7. 
Oleum Amygdala; Dulcis, 19. 
Oleum Anethi, 2,4. 
Oleum Anisi, 2, 4. 
Oleum Antliemidis, 2, 2. 
Oleum Bergamii, 2, 4. 
Oleum Cajuputi, 11, 3. 
Oleum Camphor*, 4. 
Oleum Carui, 2, 4. 
Oleum Caryophylli, 2, 4. 
Oleum Cinnamcmi, 2, 4. 
Oleum Copaiba', 10. 
Oleum Coriandri, 2, 4. 
Oleum Crotonis, 9, 1. 
Oleum Cubeb*, 10. 
Oleum Juniperi, 10. 
Oleum Lavandulae, 2, 4. 
Oleum Lini, 20. 
Oleum Mentha; Piperit*, 2, 4 
Oleum Month,'e Yiridis, 2, 4. 
Oleum Monardse, 2, 4. 
Oleum Morrhusc, 2, 2. 
Oleum Myristica;, 2, 4. 
Oleum Oliva;, 9,1. 
Oleum Pimenta;, 2,4. 
Oleum Ricini, 9, 1. 
Oleum Ros*, 2, 4. 
Oleum Rosmarini, 17. 
Oleum Rut*, 4. 
Oleum Sabin*, 13. 
Oleum Sesanii, 9,1; and 20. 
Oleum Suecini, 4. 
657 Oleum Terobinthime, 10. 
Oleum Thymi, 2, 4. 
Oleum Tiglii, 9, 1. 
Olive Oil, 20; and 9, 1. 
Onion, 12. 
Opium, 5. 
Orange Peel, 2, 4. 
Origanum Vulgare, 2, 4. 
Oxide of Antimony, 8. 
Oxide of Manganese, 2, 5. 
Oxide of Zinc, 2, 5. 
PAXAX QUINQUEFOLIUM, 2, 4. 
Papaver, 5. 
Pareira, 10. 
Parietaria Officinalis, 10. 
Parsley Root, 10. 
Partridge-Berry, 2, 4. 
Pellitory, 13. 
Pennyroyal, 2, 4. 
Pennyroyal, European, 2, 4. 
Pepo, 23. 
Permanganate of Potash, 18. 
Peroxide of Iron, 2, 5. 
Persimmon, 1, 1. 
Petroleum, 4. 
Petroselinum, 10. 
Phenic Acid, 24. 
Phosphate of Iron, 2, 5. 
Phosphate of Soda, 9, 2. 
Phosphorus, 3. 
Phytolacca, 8. 
Phytolacca! Bacc*, 8. 
Phytolacca; Radix, 8. 
Pilul* Hydrargyri, 21. 
Pimenta, 2, 4. 
Pimento, 2, 4. 
Pimpinella Anisum, 2, 4. 
Pink Root, 23. 
Pinus Abies, 17. 
Pinus Canadensis, 17. 
Pinus Palustris, 10. 
Piper, 2, 4. 
Piper Cubeba, 2, 4; and 10. 
Piper Longum, 2, 4. 
Pipsissewa, 10. 
Piscidia Erytlirina, 5. 
Pistacia Lentiscus, 10. 
Pix Burgundica, 17. 
Pix Canadensis, 17. 
Pix Liquida, 17. 
Pleurisy Root, 11. 
Plumbago, 21. 
Plumbi Acetas, 1, 2. 
Plumbi Bichromas, 8. 
Plumbi Carbonas, 1, 2. 
Plumbi Nitras, 24. 
Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum 
or Rubrum, 1, 2. 
Plumbi Subacetatis Liquor, 
1, 2. 
Podophyllin, 9, 1. 
Podophyllum, 9,1. 
Poison Oak, 5. 
Poison Sumach, 5. 
Poke Berries, 8. 
Poke Root, 8. 
Polygala Senega, 12. 
Polygonum Bistorta, 1,1. 
Port Wine, 5; and 1,1. 
Potassa, 18. 
Potassa Caustica, 18. 
Potass* Acetas, 10. 
Potass* Bicarbonas, 22. 
Potass* Bichromas, 8. 
Potass* Bisulphas, 2, 5, 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
Potass® Ri tartras, 6; and 9, 2. 
Potass® Carbonas, 22. 
Potassa; Cliloras, 6. 
Potassa! Citras, 6 and 11. 
Potassa? Hydras, 18. 
Potassa? Nitras, 6. 
Potass® Permanganas, 18. 
Potass® Sulphas, 9, 2. 
Potass® Tartras, 6. 
Potas. Tartras Acida, 6; & 9,2. 
Potassii Broinidum, 21. 
Potassii Cyanidum, 7. 
Potassii Cyanuretum, 7. 
Potassii Ferrocyaniduin, 6. 
Potato Flies, 16. 
Potentilla Torineutilla, 1,1. 
Powder of Tin, 23. 
Precipitated Carbonate of 
Iron, 2, 5. 
Precipitated Carbonate of 
Zinc, 2, 5. 
Precipitated Sulphuret of An- 
timony, 11. 
Prepared Chalk, 22. 
Prepared Oyster-Shell, 22. 
Prepared Storax, 12. 
Prickly Ash, 11, 3. 
Pride of China, or Pride of 
India, 9,1. 
Prinos, 1, 1. 
Protocarbonate of Iron, 2, 5. 
Prune, 9, 1. 
Prunum, 9, 1. 
Prunus Domesticus, 9,1. 
Prunes Laurocerasus, 4. 
Prunus Virginiana, 2, 2. 
Prussic Acid, 7. 
Pterocarpus Marsupium, 1,1. 
Pulvis Antimonialis, 11. 
Purple Angelica, 2, 4. 
Pyrethrum, 14. 
Pyroxylic Spirit, 5. 
Quassia, 2,1. 
Queen’s Root, 8. 
Quercus, 1,1, and 2, 3. 
Quercus Alba, 1,1, and 2, 3. 
Quercus Infectoria, 1,1. 
Quercus Tinctoria, 1,1. 
Quince Seed, 19. 
Quini® Sulphas, 2, 3. 
Raxuxculus, 16. 
Red Cedar, 13. 
Red Iodide of Mercury, 21. 
Red Oxide of Mercury, 18. 
Red Precipitate, 18. 
Red Rose, 1,1. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury, 14 
and 21. 
Reduced Iron, 2, 5. 
Resina Jalap®, 9, 1. 
Resina Podopliylli, 9,1. 
Resina Scammonii, 9,1. 
Rhamnus Catharticus, 9,1. 
Rhatany, 1,1. 
Rheum, 9, 1. 
Rhoeas, 5. 
Rhubarb, 9,1. 
Rhus Glabrum, 1,1. 
Rhus Toxicodendron, 6. 
Ricimts Communis, 9,1. 
Rind of Pomegranate, 1, 1. 
Rock Oil, 4. 
Rock Rose, 1,1. 
Rosa Gallica, 1,1. 
Rosemary, 2, 4. 
Rosmarinus, 2, 4. 
Rottlera, 23. 
Rottlera Tinetoria, 23. 
Round-leaved Dogwood, 2,3. 
Rubus, 1, 1. 
Rue, 4. 
Ruin ex Crispus, 2, 2. 
Rumex Obtusifolius, 1, 1. 
Rust of Iron, 2, 5. 
Rula, 4. 
Ruta Graveolens, 4. 
Sabadilla, 9,1. 
Sabbatia, 2, 1. 
Sabina, 13. 
Saccharated Carbonate of 
Iron, 2, 5. 
Saccharum, 19. 
Sagapeuum, 4. 
Sage, 2, 2. 
Sago, 19. 
Saguerus Rumphii, 19. 
Sagus Rumphii, 19. 
Salix, 1, 1. 
Salt (Common), 2, 3; and 2, 5. 
Saltpetre, 6. 
Salvia, 2, 2. 
Sambucus, 11, 3. 
Sanguinaria, 8. 
San tunica, 23. 
Santoninum, 23. 
Sapo, 22. 
Saponaria Officinalis, 21. 
Sarsa, 21. 
Sarsaparilla, 21. 
Sassafras Medulla, 19. 
Savino, 13. 
Scammonise Radix, 9,1. 
Scammonia; Resina, 9,1. 
Scammonium, 9,1. 
Scamniony, 9, 1. 
Scilla, 12 and 8. 
Scoparius, 10. 
Scurvy Grass, 10. 
Scutellaria, 2, 2. 
Sea-Wrack, 21. 
Secale Cereale, 25. 
Senega, 12. 
Seneka, 12. 
Senna, 9,1. 
Senna Alexandrine, 9,1. 
Senna Indica, 9, 1. 
Serpen taria, 2, 3. 
Serpentary, 2, 3. 
Sesami Folium, 19. 
Scvum, 20. 
Sevuin Frieparatum, 20. 
Simaruba Amara, 2, 1. 
Simaruba Excelsa, 2, 1. 
Simple Cerate, 20. 
Simple Ointment, 20. 
Sinapis, 17 and 8. 
Sinapis Alba, 17 and 8. 
Sinapis Nigra, 17 and 8. 
Slippery Elm Bark, 19. 
Smilax Aspera, 21. 
Smilax Officinalis, 21. 
Smilax Syphilitica, 21. 
Snakeroot, Virginia, 2, 3. 
Sneezewort, 15. 
Snuff, 15. 
Soap, 22. 
Soap Cerate, 20. 
Soapwort, 2l. 
Soda Caustica, 18. 
Sodas Acetas, 10. 
658 Soda; Biearbonas, 22. 
Soda' Boras, 6 and 10 and 25. 
Soda; Carbonas, 22. 
Soda; Carbonas Exsiccata, 22. 
Soda; Chlorate; Liquor, 24. 
Soda; Citrus, 9, 2. 
Soda; et Potasses Tartras, 9,2. 
Soda' Phosphas, 9, 2. 
Soda; Sulphas, 9, 2. 
Soda; Tartras, 9, 2. 
Sodii Chloridum, 2, 3; & 2, 5. 
Solidago, 2, 4. 
Solution of Acetate of Ammo- 
nia, 11, 2. 
Solution of Ammonia, 22. 
Solution of Arsenite of Po- 
tassa, 21. 
Solution of Chloride of Ba- 
rium, 23. 
Solution of Chloride of Cal- 
cium, 10. 
Solution of Chlorinated Soda, 
24. 
Solution of Chlorine, 24. 
Solution of Citrate of Ammo- 
nia, 11, 2. 
Solution of Citrate of Magne- 
sia, 9, 2. 
Solution of Citrate of Potassa, 
11, 2. 
Solution of Iodide of Arsenic 
and Mercury, 21. 
Solution of Nitrate of Iron, 
2, 5; and 1, 2. 
Solution of Pernitrate of Mer- 
cury, 18. 
Solution of Potassa, 22. 
Solution of Subacetate of 
Lead, 1, 2. 
Spanish Broom, 10. 
Spanish Flies, 16. 
Spartium Junceum, 10. 
Spearmint, 2,4. 
Spermaceti, 19, 
Spigelia, 23. 
Spirma, 1, 1. 
Spirit of Ammonia, 3. 
Spirit of Mindererus, 11, 2. 
Spirit of Nitric Ether, 4; and 
11, 2. 
Spiritus .Etheris Compositus, 
4 and 5. 
Spiritus jEtheris Nitrosi, 4; 
and 11, 2. 
Spiritus Aminoniie, 3. 
Spiritus Ammonia; Aromati- 
cus, 4. 
Spiritus Frumenti, 5. 
Spiritus Mindereri, 11, 2. 
Spiritus Pyroxylicus Rectifi- 
catus, 5. 
Spiritus Recti ftcatus, 5. 
Spiritus Vini Gallici, 5. 
Squill, 12 and 8. 
Stanui Pulvis, 23. 
Star Grass, 2, 1. 
Starch, 19. 
Statice, 1,1. 
Stillingia, 8 and 21. 
Stillingia Sylvatica, 8. 
Storax, 12. 
Stramonii Folia, 5. 
Stramonii Folium, 5. 
Stramonii Radix, 5. 
Stramonii Semen, 5. 
INDEX TO TABLE OF MATERIA MEDICA. 
Stramonium, 5. 
Strong Solution of Ammonia, 
17. 
Stronger AA'ater of Ammonia, 
17. 
Strychnia, 25. 
Strychnos Nux Vomica, 25. 
Sty rax, 12. 
Styrax Benzoin, 12. 
Styrax Prteparatus, 12. 
Subacetate of Copper, 18. 
Subcarbonato of Iron, 2, 5. 
Sublimed Sulphur, 9, 2. 
Subnitrate of Bismuth, 2, 5. 
Sugar, 19. 
Sugar of Lead, 1, 2. 
Sulphate of Alumina, 24. 
Sulphate of Beberia, 2, 2. 
Sulphate of Copper, 18. 
Sulphate of Iron, 1, 2. 
Sulphate of Magnesia, 9, 2. 
Sulphate of Manganese, 9,2. 
Sulphate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
Sulphate of Qninia, 2, 2. 
Sulphate of Zinc, 8. 
Sulphite of Lime, 24. 
Sulphur, 9, 2; and 10. 
Sulphur Lotum, 9, 2. 
Sulphur Sublimation, 9, 2. 
Sulphuret of Antimony, 6. 
Sulphuret of Carbon, il, 3. 
Sulphuric Acid, 2, 5. 
Sulphuric Ether, 5 and 24. 
Sulphuristfodidum, 21. 
Sumach, 1, 1. 
Swamp Dogwood, 2, 3. 
Sweet Almond, 19. 
Sweet Flag. 2, 4. 
Swietenia Febrifhga, 2, 3. 
Symphytum Officinale, 19. 
Syrupus Fuscus, 9,1. 
Tabacum, 7 and 5. 
Tamarind, 6. 
Tamarindus, 6. 
Tanacetum, 23. 
Tannic Acid,. 1, 1. 
Tans}', 23. 
Tapioca, 19. 
Tar, 10. 
Taraxacum, 10. 
Tartar Emetic, 8. 
Tartarated Iron, 2, 5. 
Tartaric Acid, 6. 
Tartarized or Tartarated Anti- 
mony, 8. 
Tartrate of Antimony and Po- 
tassa, 8. 
Tartrate of Iron and Ammo- 
nia, 2, 5. 
Tartrate of Potassa, 9, 2. 
Tartrate of Potassa and Soda, 
9, 2. 
Tartrate of Soda, 9, 2. 
Terebinthina, 10. 
Testa Ovi, 22. 
Testa Praqiarata, 22. 
Tliea Nigra, 4. 
Thea Viridis, 4. 
Tlieriaca, 9,1. 
Thoroughwort, 2, 3. 
Tobacco. 7 and 5. 
Tormentil, 1, 1. 
Tormentilla, 1,1. 
Toxicodendron, 5. 
Tragacanth, 19, 
Tragacantha, 19. 
Triosteum, 9, 1. 
Tulip-tree Bark, 2, 2. 
Turkey Corn, or Turkey Pea, 
10. 
Turmeric, 2, 4. 
Turpentine, 10. 
Turpentine, Oil or Spirits of, 
3 and 10. 
Turpeth Mineral, 21 and 8. 
UOIL'S, 19. 
Ulmus Fulva, 19. 
Unguentum Adipis, 20. 
Unguentum Aqua; Rosas, 20. 
Unguentnm Cantharidis, 16. 
Unguentum Hydrargyri, 21. 
Unguentum Simplex, 20. 
Urginea Scilla, 12. 
Uva Ursi, 1,1. 
Valerian, 4. 
Valeriana, 4. 
Valerianate of Zinc, 4. 
Vanilla, 2, 4. 
Veratria, 8 and 15. 
Veratrum Album, 8. 
Veratrum Sabadilla, 9,1. 
Veratrum Viride, 8. 
Verdigris, 18. 
Vernonia Anthelmintica, 23. 
Vinegar of Spanish Flies, 16. 
Vinegar of Squill, 9, 1. 
Vinum, 4. 
Viiium Antimoniale, 8. 
Vinum Antimonii, 8; and 11,1. 
Vinum Rubrum or Portense, 
1,1; and 5. 
Vinum Xericum, 5. 
Viola, 19. 
Violet, 19. 
Virginia Snakeroot, 2, 3. 
Virgin's Bower, 10. 
Vitriolated Tartar, 9, 2. 
Wahoo, 9,1. 
A Vail Pellitory, 10. 
Water Avens, 1, 1. 
Water Eryngo, 11,1. 
AVhite Hellebore, 8. 
White Oak Bark, 1, 1. 
AVhite Oxide of Arsenic, 21. 
AVild Cherry Bark, 2, 2. 
AVild Ginger, 2, 4. 
AVild Ipecac, 9,1. 
AVild Potato, 9,1. 
Willow, 2, 3. 
Wine, 5. 
Wintera, 2, 4. 
Wintergreen, 10. 
Winter’s Bark, 2, 4. 
AVoody Nightshade, 5. 
AVormseed, 23. 
AVormwood, 2, 2. 
Xanthorrhiza, 2,1. 
Xantlioxylum, 11, 3. 
Yarrow, 13. 
Yellow Dock, 2, 2. 
Yellow Root, 2,1. 
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury 
21 and 8. 
Zinci Acetas, 1, 2. 
Zinci Carbonas, 2, 5. 
Zinci Chloridiun, 18. 
Zinci Iodidurn, 21. 
Zinci Sulphas, 8. 
Zinci Valerianas, 4. 
Zingiber, 2, 4. 
659 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
It is not the design of the following pages to present a general view or synopsis, 
however brief, of the elements of Latin grammar; but simply to make such ex- 
planations as seem necessary in order that the medical student who is unacquainted 
with Latin may be enabled to acquire a tolerable understanding of the phrases 
and sentences which he is constantly meeting with in works on Anatomy, Phar- 
macy, etc. Thus, in the following examples, Extensor digitorum communis, Orbicu- 
laris palpebrarum, Orbicularis oculi, Collodiuvi cum cantharidc, Emplastrum arnmo- 
niaci cum hydrargyro, Hydrargyrum cum cretd, Pilulce aloes et mastiches, Pilulee 
aloes et myrrhse, Pilulee ferri compositee, Alnus nigra, Ilellehorus niger, etc. etc., the 
mere English scholar has presented to his mind phrases each of which must 
appear to him like some long, unintelligible word; and the more he examines or 
compares such as seem to resemble each other, the more embarrassed and perplexed 
he must of necessity become. 
Now, it is believed that, by a few comparatively simple explanations, the 
student will not only be enabled to remember such phrases more easily, because he 
will understand their construction,—and if he has occasion to write them will 
know how to write them correctly,—but he will be able to apply the same princi- 
ples to hundreds of other phrases or sentences which he is liable to meet with 
from time to time, even in the most common works relating to medicine. 
The rules or principles which he will have to learn, will be found compara- 
tively brief, as well as few in number, his chief attention being directed to exam- 
ples, consisting for the most part of compound names or short sentences, of frequent 
occurrence in medical works, and which, in any case, he ought to understand, if ho 
aims to become a well-informed physician. 
Xouns. 
I. Every Latin noun (with some" unimportant exceptions) changes its termina- 
tion (or last syllable) according to its case. There are in all six cases: those 
most used are the nominative, genitive, and ablative. The nominative corresponds 
as to signification, in all essential respects, to the English nominative; the 
genitive is virtually the same as the English possessive; the ablative is the same 
as the English objective when governed by the prepositions with, from, in, or 
by. Next to the nominative, the genitive is of most frequent occurrence, and 
therefore of the greatest importance. In many instances it may be rendered by 
the English possessive, but it is generally preferable to translate it by the preposi- 
tion of. Thus, we might render ba’sis cer'ebri, the “brain’s base;” hu'mor oculi, 
the “eye’s humor;” ar'ma vivo rum, the “men's arms;” but it is more elegant and 
more usual to say, the “base of [the] brain,”* the “humor of [the] eye,”* the 
“arms of [the] men,” etc. We always say, however, “hartshorn” (i.e. hart’s horn) 
for cor'nu cer'vi, and not “horn of the hart.” 
II. Latin nouns have been arranged under different classes (or declensions) 
* It should be observed that in Latin there is no article, though the usage of the English 
language requires it in many cases to he supplied. 4®=" The words supplied are enclosed iD 
brackets. 
660 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
according to the formation of the genitive. The first declension comprises such 
as have the nominative in -a, the genitive in -x, and the ablative in -a: as, nom. 
ammo'nia, “ammonia;” gen. ammo'nix, “of ammonia;” abl. ammo'nia, “with am- 
monia;” nom. calum'ba, “columbo;” gen. calum'bee, “of columbo;” abl. calum'ba, 
“with columbo;” nom. cre'ta, “chalk;” gen. ere'tec, “of chalk;” abl. cre'ta, “with 
chalk;” nom. myr'rha, “myrrh;” gen. myr’rhx, “of myrrh,” etc.: hence the phrases 
U'quor ammo’nix, “liquor (or solution) of ammonia;” in fa'sum calum'bx, “infusion 
of columbo;” tinctn’ra myr'rhx, “tincture of myrrh;” hydrar'yyrum cum cre'ta, 
“mercury with chalk,” etc. See example of the first decleqsion given below 
List of the principal Latin Nouns of the First Declension, occurring in Medical Terms and 
Phrases. 
Aca'cia. 
Achille'a. 
Aconi'tia. 
Adyna'mia. 
Altlwe'a. 
Alu'niina. 
Amon'tia. 
Ammo'nia. 
Ampnl'la. 
Amyg'dala. 
Anasar'ca. 
Anato'mia. 
Angel'ica. 
Angustn'ra. 
An'irna. 
Anten'na. 
Aor'ta. 
Aph'tha. 
Apoplex'ia. 
A'qua. 
Ara'l ia. 
Ar'nica. 
Arte'ria. 
Assafoet'ida. 
Atro'phia. 
Atro'pia. 
Au'ra. 
Anric'ula. 
Avc'na. 
Axil'la. 
Axun'gia. 
Bac'ca. 
Raril'la. 
Bary'ta. 
Belladon'na. 
Braye'ra. 
Bul'la. 
Bur'sa. 
Caf'fea. 
Calum'ba. 
Cam'era. 
Cam'pliora. 
Canel'la. 
Can'na. 
Cap'sula. 
Garu'ta. 
Cascaril'la. 
Cas'sia. 
Cata'ria. 
Ce'ra. 
Cetra'ria. 
Cliar'tula. 
Cbimapb'ila. 
Chirot'ta. 
Cliol'era. 
Cbor'da. 
Cliore'a. 
Cicn'ta. 
Cimicif'uga. 
Cincho'na. 
Col'ica. 
Coni'tia (Conei'a). 
Copai'ba. 
Cor'nea. 
Coro'na. 
Cos'ta. 
Cot'ula. 
Cre'ta. 
Cube'ba. 
Curcii'ma. 
Diarrhoe'a. 
Draeh'ma. 
Dulcaina'ra. 
Dysente'ria. 
Dyspep'sia. 
Dyspnoe'a. 
Ecto'pia. 
Epiph'ora. 
Ergo'ta. 
Essen'tia. 
Euphor'bia. 
Ftec'ula. 
Fari'na. 
Fas'cia. 
Fib'ula. 
Fis'tula. 
For'ma. 
For'mula. 
Fos'sa. 
Frase'ra. 
Gal'la. 
Gambo'gia. 
Gaulthe'ria. 
Gem'ma. 
Ge'na. 
Gentia'na. 
Gille'nia. 
Glan'dula. 
Glyceri'na. 
Glycyrrhi'za. 
Gut'ta. 
Gnttaper'eha. 
IIa*morrha'gia. 
Iledeo'ma. 
Ilepat'ica. 
Heuche'ra. 
Ho'ra. 
Ilydropho'bia. 
Hyste'ria. 
Ichthyocol'la. 
Igna'tia. 
Iner'tia. 
Intumescen'tia. 
In'nla. 
Ipecacuan'lia. 
Jala'pa. 
Krame'ria. 
Lach'ryma. 
Lactu'ca. 
Lacu'na. 
Eam'ina. 
Lap'pa. 
Lavan'dula. 
Lep'ra. 
Leptan'dra. 
Li'bra. 
I-in'ea. 
Lin'gua. 
Lith'ia. 
Lobe'lia. 
Lupuli'na. 
Lym'pha. 
Lyt'ta. 
Mac'ula. 
Magne'sia. 
Magno'lia. 
Ma'la. 
Marail'la. 
Marn'ma. 
Ma'nia. 
Man'na. 
Maran'ta. 
Mas'sa. 
Mate'ria. 
Mati'ca. 
Matrioa'ria. 
Maxil'la. 
Medeci'na. 
Modul'la. 
Melis'sa. 
Menibra'na. 
Won't ha. 
Mi'ca. 
Mistu'ra. 
Monar'da. 
Mor'phia. 
Mor'rbua. 
Mucu'na. 
Myr'cia. 
Myris'tica. 
Myr'rlia. 
Nutu%a. 
Neb'ula. 
Nectan'dra. 
Nenral'gia. 
Nym'pha. 
Odontal'gia. 
Offici'na. 
Oli'va. 
Ophthal'mia. 
Or'bita. 
Pal'rna. 
Papil'la. 
Parei'ra. 
Patel'la. 
Phlegma'sia. 
Phytolac'ca. 
Pil'ula. 
Pimen'ta. 
Placen'ta. 
Plan'ta. 
Pleu'ra. 
Pneumo'nia, 
Pod'agra. 
Polyg'ala. 
Por'ta. 
Potas'sa. 
Pso'ra. 
Quas'sia. 
Quin'ia. 
Ra'na. 
Resi'na. 
Ro'sa. 
Rottle'ra. 
Rube'ola. 
Ru'bia. 
Ru'ta. 
SabadilTa. 
Sabba'tia. 
Sabi'na. 
Example, of a Noun of the First Declension, declined through all the Cases. 
Singular. 
Nom. Ve'na, a vein. 
Gen. Ye'iue, of a vein. 
Bat. Ye'me, to or for a vein.* 
Acc. Ye'nam, a veinf 
Yoc. Ye'na, vein (or 0 vein)4 
Abl. Ye'na, in, with, or by a vein. 
Plural. 
Nom. Ye'nre, veins. 
Gen. Yena'rum, of veins. 
Dat. Ye'nis, to or for veins.* 
Aec. Ye'nas. veins.f 
Yoc. Ye'iue, veins (or 0 veins).% 
Abl. Ye'nis, in, with, or by veins. 
* The dative, case invariably implies the prepositions “to” or “for” understood, 
t The accusative corresponds nearly to the English objective when governed by a transitive 
verb or by certain prepositions, as ante, post, pricier. See page 687. 
+ The vocative (from voco, voca'tum, to “call”) corresponds to what is termed by some 
English grammarians the nominative case, addressed: it is used in calling to or addressing 
persons, and in apostrophizing inanimate objects. 
661 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Sali'va. 
Sal'via. 
Sanguina'ria. 
Santou'ica. 
Sarsaparilla. 
Scap'ula. 
Scarlati'na. 
Scil'la. 
Scrof'ula. 
Scutel la'ria. 
Son'ega. 
Sen'na. 
Serpenta'ria. 
Sil'ica. 
Simaru'ba. 
So'da. 
Spigelia. 
Spi'na 
Spirse'a. 
Spon'gia. 
Stillin'gia. 
Stri'a. 
Sntu'ra. 
Syn'oclia. 
Tali'ula. 
Tae'nia. 
Tapio'ca. 
To;la. 
Terebin'thina. 
Ter'ra. 
Tes'ta. 
Tlieobro'ma. 
Tibia. 
Tinctu'ra. 
Tin'ea. 
Torinentilla. 
Tra'cliea. 
Tragacan'tha. 
Tu'nica. 
U l'n a. 
Un'cia. 
Ure'tlira. 
Uri'na. 
U'va. 
U'vula. 
Vagi'na. 
Valeria'na. 
Val'va. 
Vanina. 
Varicella. 
Vari'ola. 
Yo'na. 
Vosa'nia. 
V esi'ca. 
Vi'a. 
Vi'ola. 
Yi'ta. 
Vul'va. 
Winte'ra. 
Xantliorrhi'za. 
4®“ To the foregoing list belong all Latin nouns ending in -a (with tlie exception of a 
small number of the third declension ending in -ma, as aroma, exanthema, &c.). They are all 
of the feminine gender, excepting a very few which are rarely, if ever, found in works relating 
to medicine. 
All nouns of the preceding list that have a plural, form the plural nominative 
in -se (like the genitive singular), the genitive plural ending in -a'nun: e.y. 
auric'ula, an “auricle;” nom. pi. auric'ulse, the “auricles;” gen. pi. auricula'rum, 
“of [the] auricles;”® pal'pebra, an “eyelid;” nom. pi. pal'pebrse, the “eyelids;” 
gen. pi. palpebra'rum, “of [the] eyelids:”® hence the phrases sep'tum auricula'- 
rum, “septum of [the] auricles;”* orbicula'rispalpebra'rum, the “circular [muscle] 
of [the] eyelids,”® etc. 
III. Nouns ending in -e usually make the genitive in -es: as, nom. al'oe, 
“aloes;” gen. al'oes, “of aloes;” nom. mas'tiche, “mastic;” gen. rnas'tiches, “of 
mastic:” e.g. pil'ulx al'oes et rnas'tiches, “pills of aloes and mastic.” Words of 
this class are of Greek origin; they are usually included under the first declension 
in the Latin grammars, probably because they belong to the first Greek declension. 
Those which have a plural, form it in -a: as, ac'ne, a kind of eruption; plural 
ac'nse. 
To this class belong all Latin nouns of Greek origin having the nominative 
singular in -e: as,— 
Ac'ne. 
Aga've. 
Anemo'ne. 
Argemo'ne. 
Cat'oclie. 
Cynau'elie. 
DapU'uo. 
Phleg'mono. 
Stat'ice. 
Syn'cope; 
including tlie compounds of ce'le (Gr. sfiXy, a “tumor”), if not Anglicized: as, 
ceratoce'le, “hernia of the cornea;” hepatoce'le, “hernia of the liver,” etc. 
IV. Latin nouns having the genitive in -i, are said to belong to the second de- 
clension. They may be divided into two principal classes, those ending in -us and 
those in -um. Of the first class the following examples may be given: nom. 
caryophyl'lus, a name of the “clove-tree,” also used for “cloves;” gen. caryophyl'li, 
“of the clove-tree,” or “of cloves;” nom. hyoscy'anius, “henbane;” gen. hyoscy'- 
ami, “of henbane;” nom. hu'mulus, the “hop plant,” or “hops;” gen. hu'mnli, “of 
hops:” hence the following terms, o'leum caryophyl'li, “oil of cloves;” hyoscy'ami 
fo'lia, “leaves of hyoscyamus;” infu'sum hu'muli, “infusion of hops.” See exam- 
ple given below. 
Example of a Masculine Noun of the Second Declension, declined through all the Cases. 
Singular. 
Nom. Dig'itus, a finger. 
Gen. Dig'iti, of a finger. 
Dat. Dig'ito, to or for a finger.f 
Acc. Dig'itum, a finger.f 
Voc. Digite, finger (or Ofinger).\ 
Abb Dig'ito, in, with, or by a finger. 
Plural. 
Nom. Dig'iti, fingers. 
Gen. Digito'rmn, of fingers. 
Pat. Dig'itis, to or for Jin gers .f 
Acc. Dig'itos, ,/ingrers.t 
Voe. Dig'iti, fingers (or Ofingers).f 
Abl. Dig'itis, in, with, or by fingers. 
* See note on page 660. 
f See notes * f | on page 661. 
662 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
List of Nouns ending in -us and -os, of the Second Declension, 
Acan'tlius. 
Ac'arns. 
AQ'inus. 
Acu'leus. 
Agar'icus. 
Al'nus (f.). 
Alve'olus. 
Al'veus. 
Al'vus (f.). 
Am'nios. 
An'gulus. 
An'imus. 
An'nulus. 
A'nus. 
Artic'ulus. 
Asbes'tos. 
Aspar'agus. 
Astrag'alus. 
Bac'culus. 
Bo'lus. 
Bul'bus. 
Cac'tus. 
Cal'amus. 
Cal'culus. 
Capil'lus. 
Car'pus. 
Car'thamus. 
Caryophyl'lus. 
Catar'rhus. 
Cbirur'gus. 
CUon'ilrus. 
Cliv'lus. 
Cliy'mus. 
Cir'rus. 
Ci'trus (f.). 
Cla'vus. 
Coc'cus. 
Con'gius. 
Cro'cus. 
Did'ymus. 
Dig'itus. 
Dios'pyros (f.). 
Euou'ymus. 
Fascic'ul us. 
Fi'cus (f., rarely 
in.). 
Fo'cus. 
Foutic'ulus. 
Frax'iuus (f.). 
Fu'cus. 
Fun'dus. 
Fun'gus. 
Funk'ulus. 
Furun'culus. 
Fu'sus. 
Glo'bus. 
Gy'rus. 
Ilolleb'orus. 
Hidron'osus (f.). 
llu'merus. 
llu'nmlus. 
Hydron'osus (f.). 
Ilyoscy'anius. 
Ic'terus. 
Junip'erus (f.). 
Lapil'lus. 
Lau'rns (f.). 
Lec'tus. 
boli'ulus. 
Lo'bus. 
Loc'ulus. 
Lo'eus. 
Lnm'bus. 
Lyc'opus. 
Mal'leus. 
Ma'lus (f.). 
Med'icus. 
Metatar'sus. 
Mor'lms. ’ 
Mo'rus (f.). 
Mos'clms. 
Mu'cns. 
Mus'culus. 
Mus'cus. 
Myr'tns (f.). 
Nw'vus. 
Na'uus. 
Narois'sus. 
Na'sus. 
X ei-'vus. 
No'dus. 
Nu'clous. 
Octa'rius. 
Oc'ulus. 
(Esophagus. 
Ophtbal'mus. 
Orbic'ulus. 
Pal'pus. 
Papy'rus. 
Pedic'ulus. 
Pem'phigus. 
Plios'pliorus. 
Pi'lus. 
Pi'nus (f.). 
Po'lus. 
Po'rus. 
Pri'uos. 
Pru'nus (f.). 
Psellis'mus. 
Pylo'rns. 
Py'rus (f.). 
Ra'dius. 
Ra'nms. 
Ramin'cuius. 
Rham'mis. 
Riij'inus. 
Rosmari'nus. 
Ru'bus. 
Sac'culus. 
Sac'cus. 
Sa'gus. 
Sambu'cus (f.). 
Scir'rhus. 
Scopa'rius. 
Scorbu'tus. 
Scru'pulus. 
Som'nus. 
Spas'mua. 
Stiin'ulus. 
Stom'aclius. 
Suc'cus. 
Sul'cus. 
Syn'ochus. 
S.vrn'pus. 
Tu'lus. 
Tamarin'dus. 
Tar'sus. 
Ter'minus. 
Tet'anus. 
Thai'lus. 
Thy'mus. 
Tris'mus. 
Trun'cus. 
Til'll ulus. 
Ty'phus. 
Ty'pus. 
Ul'inns (f.). 
Umbili'cus. 
U'terus. 
Ventric'ulus. 
Ven'tus. 
Vi'rus (neut.). 
Yis'cus* (the mis- 
tletoe). 
Vitel'lus. 
tSSr- A few masculine nouns of the second declension, derived from the Greek, end in -os: as, 
Asbes'tos, gen. Asbes'ti, Am'nios, gen. Am'nii, Ac. 
A very small number end in-r: as, can'cer, a “crabgen. can'cri, “of a crab;” nom. pin. 
can’cri, “crabs;” gen. pin. cancro'rum, “of crabs:” hence the phrase cancrorum oculi, “crabs’ 
eyesnom. vir, a “ man;” geu, vi'ri, “ of a man;” nom. plu. vi'ri, “ men;” gen. plu. viro'rum, 
“of men.” 
These nouns are mostly masculine, but a few are feminine (marked f. in the list), 
consisting chiefly of the names of trees (see page 680, note). One (vi'rus) is 
neuter. Those which have a plural, form the nominative plural by changing -us 
of the nominative singular into -i (the same as the genitive singular), the genitive 
plural ending in -o'rum: e.j. dig'it us, a “finger;” nom.pl. dig’iti, “fingers,” or 
the “fingers;” gen. pi. digito’rum, “of [the] fingers;” oc’nlus, “eye;” nom. pi. 
oc’uli, the “eyes;” gen. pi. oculo'rum, “of [the] eyes:” hence the terms exten'sor 
digito’rum, “extender of the fingers,” applied to a muscle; moto'res oculo'rum, 
“movers of the eyes,” the name of a pair of nerves. 
Of nouns ending in -ion, the following may serve as examples: nom. aconi'tum, 
“aconite;” gen. aconi'ti, “of aconite;” nom. argen'tum, “silver;” gen. argen'ti, 
“of silver;” nom. dor'sum, the “back;” gen. dor'si, “of [the] back;” nom. li'num, 
“flax;” gen. li’ni, “of flax:” hence we have aconi'ti fo'lia, “leaves of aconite;” 
argen'ti ni'tras, “nitrate of silver;” longis'simus dor'si, the “longest [muscle] of 
the back;” li'ni sem'ina, “seeds of flax” or “flaxseed.” See example given below. 
Example of a Neuter Noun of the Second Declension, declined in full. 
Singular. 
Mom. Ligamen'tum, a ligament. 
den. Ligamen'ti, of a ligament. 
J»at. Ligamen'to, to or for a ligament. 
Acc. Ligamen'tum, a ligament. 
Voc. Ligamen'tum, ligament. 
Abl. Ligamen'to, in, with, or by a ligament. 
Plural. 
Nom. Ligamen'ta, ligaments. 
Geu. Ligamcnto'rum, of ligaments. 
Dat. Ligamcn'tis, to or for ligaments. 
Acc. Ligamon'ta, ligaments. 
Yoc. Ligamen'ta, ligaments. 
Abl. Ligamen'tis, in, with, or by ligaments. 
* Vis'cus, geu. Vis'ceris, a “ bowel” or “ viscus,” is of the third declension. 
663 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
List of Neuter Nouns, ending in -um and -on, of the Second Declension. 
Absin'thium. 
Ace'tum. 
Ag'idum. 
Aconi'tum. 
JEquilib'rium. 
Albnr'num. 
Allium. 
Alu'minum. 
Ainen'tuin. 
Ammoni'acum. 
Ani'nion. 
Arao'mum. 
Am'ylum. 
Ane'thum. 
Aniraal'culum. 
Ani'sum. 
Antimo'nium. 
An'trum. 
A'pium. 
ApoQ'ynum. 
Arca'num. 
Argen'tum. 
Arsen'icum. 
A'runt. 
As'arum. 
Aspid'ium. 
Asple'nium. 
Auran'tium. 
An'rum. 
Bal'nenm. 
Bal'samum. 
Ba'rium. 
Benzo'inum. 
Biho'rium. 
Bismu'thum. 
Bo'rinm. 
Bra'chium. 
Bromin'ium. 
Bro'mium. 
Cad'mium. 
Cte'cum. 
Cal'cium. 
Cam'bium. 
Can'crum. 
Capit'ulum. 
Cap'sicum. 
Cardamo'mum. 
Ca'rum. 
Caryophyllum. 
Casto'reum. 
Centau'rium. 
Cen'trum. 
Cera'tum. 
Cerebel'lum. 
Cer'ebrum. 
Ce'riura. 
Ceta'ceum. 
Chenopo'dium. 
Chlo'ridum. 
Chlo'rium. 
Chlorofor'mum. 
Cliro'mium. 
Cil'ium. 
Oinnamo'inum. 
Col'chicum. 
Collo'ditim. 
Col'lum. 
Collyr'ium. 
Colum'bium. 
Condimen'tum. 
Coni'um. 
Corian'drum. 
Corpus'culum. 
Ora'nium. 
Crassamen'tum. 
Creaso'tum. 
Cu'prum. 
Cydo'nium. 
Cypripe'dium. 
Decoc'tum. 
Deliq'uium. 
Delirium. 
Delphin'ium. 
Bidym'ium. 
Dor'sum. 
Dracon'tiura. 
Duode'num. 
Bfflu'vium. 
Elate'rium. 
Elec'trum. 
Elemen'tum. 
Emplas'trum. 
Epigas'trium. 
Epiploon. 
Eupato'rium. 
Extrac'tum. 
Fermen'tum. 
Ferrocyan'idum. 
Fer'rum. 
Filum. 
Fluo'rium. 
Foenic'ulum. 
Fo'lium. 
Frte'num. 
Frumen'tum. 
Ful'crum. 
Gal'banura. 
Gan'glion. 
Gelse'mium. 
Gera'nium. 
Ge'um. 
Gossyp'inm. 
Grana'tum. 
Gra'num. 
Guai'acum. 
Cryp'sum. 
Hannatox'ylon. 
Helian'themum. 
Herba'rium. 
Ili'lum. 
Hor'deum. 
Hydrar'gyrum. 
Hydroph'yton, or 
Hydroph'ytum. 
Hypochon'drium. 
Hypogas'trium. 
Il'iuni. 
Infundib'ulum. 
Infu'sum. 
Insec'tum. 
Intes'tinum. 
Iodin'ium. 
Io'dium. 
Irid'ium. 
Is'chium. 
Jas'minum. 
Ju'gulum. 
J u'gum. 
Ka'lium. 
La'bium. 
La'brum. 
Lactuca'rium. 
Lanta'nium, or 
Lan'thanum. 
Lar'dum. 
Lan'danmn. 
Lepidoden'dron. 
Ligamen'tum. 
Lig'num. 
Lil'ium. 
Linimen'tum. 
Li'num. 
Lirioden'dron. 
Lith'ium. 
Lixiv'inm. 
Lomen'tum. 
Lycopo'dium. 
Magne'sium. 
Mandib'ulum. 
Marru'bium. 
Marsu'pium. 
Meco'nium. 
Medi camen'tum. 
Me'dium. 
Mem'brum. 
Men'struum. 
Metal'lum. 
Mezere'um. 
Min'ium. 
Mollus'cum. 
Molybdae'num. 
Moinen'tum. 
Mon'strum. 
Na'trium. 
Necta'rium. 
Ni'trum. 
Olecra'non. 
O'leum. 
Oma'sum. 
Omen'tum. 
Oper'culum. 
O'pium. 
Or'ganum. 
Orig'anum. 
Os'fium. 
Ova'rium. 
Ov'uluin. 
O'vum. 
Ox'ydum, or Ox'- 
idum. 
Pala'tum. 
Palla'dium. 
Pedilu'vium. 
Perian'thium. 
Pericar'dium. 
Perinse'um. 
Perios'teum. 
Peritonaeum. 
Pet'alum. 
Petroseli'num. 
Phyllo'dium. 
Phytozo'on, or 
Pliytozo'um. 
Pigmen'tum. 
Plat'inum. 
Plum'bum. 
Poc'ulum. 
Podophyllum. 
Poma'tum. 
Po'inum. 
Potas'sium. 
Princip'ium. 
Proflu'vium. 
Pru'num. 
Puden'dum. 
Pune'turn. 
Pyr'ethrum. 
Quadriho'rium. 
Ramen'tum. 
Receptac'ulum. 
Rec'tum. 
Reg'num. 
Rerae'dium. 
Retinac'ulnm. 
Rhe'um. 
Ros'trum. 
Ruthe'nium. 
Sac'chamm. 
Sa'crum. 
Sanita'rium. 
San'talum. 
Santoni'num. 
Sarmen'tnni. 
Scammo'nium. 
Scopa'rium. 
Scro'tum. 
Scutel'lnm. 
Scyb'alum. 
Se'bum, or Se'- 
vum. 
Secre'tum. 
Sedimen'tum. 
Sele'nium. 
Semicu'pium. 
Semiho'rium. 
Senso'rium. 
Sep'alum. 
Sep'tum. 
Seques'trum. 
Ser'icum. 
Se'runi. 
Ses'amum. 
Se'vuin. 
Sig'num. 
Silicj'ium. 
So'diurn. 
Spec'trum. 
Spec'ulum. 
Spirac'ulum. 
Spu'tum. 
Stan'num. 
Ster'num. 
Stib'ium. 
Stramo'nium. 
Stra'tum. 
Stron'tium. 
Succeda'neum. 
Suc'cinmn. 
Sulphure'tum. 
Supercil'ium. 
Suspir'ium. 
Sym'bolum. 
Tab'acum. 
Tanace'tum. 
Tarax'acum. 
Tar'tarum. 
Tegmen'tum. 
Tellu'rium. 
Temperamen- 
tum. 
Tentac'ulum. 
Tento'rium. 
Tig'Iium. 
Tita'nhim. 
Tomcn'tuin. 
Toxi coden 'dron. 
Trape'zium. 
Triho'rium. 
Trios'teum. 
Trit'icnm. 
Tuber'culum. 
Tym'panum. 
U nguen'tum. 
TJra'nium. 
Yac'uum. 
Vana'dium. 
Vehic'ulum. 
Ve'lnm. 
Yene'num. 
Vera'trum. 
Vestib'ulum. 
Vexil'lum. 
Vi'num. 
Yit'rum. 
Xanthox'ylum. 
Yt'trium. 
Zin'cum. 
Zirco'nium. 
Zo'on. 
Zooph'ytum. 
tfip A number of neuter nouns of the second declension, derived from the Greek, end in -on: 
as, A inn ion (also written Amnios), gen. Amnii, Epip'loon. gen. Epip’lm, &c. These nouns have 
the accusative and vocative singular like the nominative: they form the other cases, both in the 
singular and plural, exactly like nouns in -um. Some words of this class are also written with 
-uni: as, Hydroph'yton or Hydroph'ytum, Phytozo'on or Phytozo'um, &c. 
Nouns belonging to the preceding class are of the neuter gender, and form the 
nominative plural by changing -urn of the nominative singular into -a, the genitive 
664 plural ending in -o'rum: e.cj. bal'neum, a “bath;” nom. pi. bal'nea, “baths:” gen. pi. 
balneo'rum, “of baths;” fo'lium, a “leaf;” nom. pi. fo'lia, “ leaves;” gen. pi. folio'- 
rum, “of leaves.” Nouns of the second declension, -whether they end in -us ot 
-urn, have the dative and ablative singular in -o, and the dative and ablative plural 
in -is: e.g. al’vo adstric'ta, “with the bowels bound” (or the “bowels being 
bound”), or constipated; Jis'tula in a'no, “fistula in the anus;” in u'tero, “in the 
uterus;” cum hydrar' tjyro, “with mercury;” mas'sa de (or ex) hydras' gyro, “mass 
[prepared] from, or out of, mercury;” oc'ulis, “with [or by means of] the eyes;” 
cum fo'liis, “ with the leaves,” etc. 
It may be remarked that the ablative is often governed by some preposi- 
tion expressed, such as a or ab, “from” or “by;” cum, “with;” de, “from,” or “of;” 
e or ex, “out,” or “out of;” in, “in” or “on,” etc. But the preposition is also very 
frequently omitted. The foregoing phrases exhibit examples of both kinds. 
V. Latin nouns which form the genitive in -is, are said to be of the third de- 
clension: e.g. nom. a'cer, a “maple-tree;” gen. aferis, “of a maple-tree;” nom. 
w'ther, “ether;” gen. w'theris, “of ether.” Sometimes, as in the examples just 
cited, the genitive is formed by simply adding -is to the nominative. Nouns 
having the nominative in -ma, form the genitive by adding -tis: as, der’ma, der'- 
matie. But many nouns of the third declension are more or less irregular in 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Singular. 
Nom. A'pex (m.), a point. 
Gen. Ap'icis, of a point. 
Dat. Ap'ici, to or for a point. 
Acc. Ap'icem, a point. 
Yoc. A'pex, point. 
Abl. Ap'ice, in, with, or by a point. 
Nom. Cri'nis (m.), a lock {of hair). 
Gen. Cri'nis, of a lock. 
Dat. Cri'ni, to or for a lock. 
Acc. Cri'nem, a lock. 
Yoc. Cri'nis, lock. 
Abl. Cri'ne, in, with, or by a lock. 
Nom. Dens (m.), a tooth. 
Gen. Den'tis, of a tooth. 
Dat. Den'ti, to or for a tooth. 
Acc. Den'tem, a tooth. 
AToc. Dens, tooth. 
Abl. Den'te, in, with, or by a tooth. 
Nom. Hu'mor (m.), a humor. 
Gen. Ilumo'ris, of a humor. 
Dat. Ilumo'ri, to a humor. 
Acc. Humo'rem, a humor. 
Yoc. Hu'mor, humor. 
Abl. Humo're, in, toith, or by a humor. 
Nom. Os (neut.), a bone. 
Gen. Os'sis, of a bone. 
Dat. Os'si, to a bone. 
Acc. Os, a bone. 
Yoc. Os, bone. 
Abl. Os'se, in, with, or by a bone. 
Nom. Re'te (neut.), a net. 
Gen. Re'tis, of a net. 
Dat. Re'ti, to a net. 
Acc. Re'te, a net. 
Yoc. Re'te, net. 
Abl. Re'ti, in, with, or by a net. 
Examples of Nouns of the Third Declension, declined in full. 
Plural. 
Nora. Ap'ices, paints. 
Gen. Ap'icum, of points. 
Dat. to or for points. 
Acc. Ap'ices, points. 
Yoc. Ap'ices, points. 
Abl. Apig'ibus, in, with, or by points. 
Nom. Cri'nes, locks. 
Gen. Crin'ium, of locks. 
t)at. Crin'ibus, to or for locks. 
Acc. Cri'nes, locks. 
Yoc. Cri'nes, locks. 
Abl. Crin'ibus, in, with, or by locks. 
Nom. Den'tes, teeth. 
Gen. Den'tium, of teeth. 
Dat. Den'tibus, to or for teeth. 
Acc. Den'tes, teeth. 
Yoc. Den'tes, teeth. 
Abl. Den'tibus, in, with, or by teeth. 
Nora. Ilumo'res, humors. 
Gen. Ilnmo'rum, of humors. 
Dat. Humo'ribus, to or for humors. 
Acc. Humo'res, humors. 
Yoc. Humo'res, humors. 
Abl. Humo'ribus, in, with, or by humors 
Nom. Os'sa, bones. 
Gen. Os'sium, of bones. 
Dat. Os'sibus, to or for bones. 
Acc. Os'sa, bones. 
Yoc. Os'sa, bones. 
Abl. Os'sibus, in, with, or by bones. 
Nom. Re'tia (ree'she-a), nets. 
Gen. Re'tium (ree'she-um), of nets. 
Dat. Ret'ibus, to or for nets. 
Acc. Re'tia, nets. 
Yoc. Re'tia, nets. 
Abl. ltet'ibus, in, with, or by nets. 
665 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
respect to the formation of the genitive: e.g. nom. se'tas (“age”), gen. set a'tis; nom. 
a lb u'go (“white of the eye”), gen. albu'ginis ; nom. a’pex (a “point”), gen. up'ids j 
nom. calx (“lime”), gen. cal'cis. Therefore, in order to avoid any possibility of 
misunderstanding, in all cases (except those in which the genitive is formed by 
simply adding -is or -tie) in the following list, the genitive has been spelled out in 
full. The genders, also, have been marked, as it is impossible to lay down any rule 
by which they could be positively determined. A few general observations, how- 
ever, respecting genders, may be useful in assisting the memory of the learner. 
1. Nouns in -or are nearly always masculine: as, abduc'tor, ar'dor, ca'lor, con- 
strictor, depres'sor, la'bor, mo'tor, etc. The only exceptions in the list are ar'bor 
(a “tree,” fern.), and mar'mor (“marble,” neut.). 2. Nouns in -go are feminine: 
as, seru'go, albu'go, call'go, cartila'go, rubi'go, etc.; all those of this last termination 
form the genitive in -inis. 3. Nouns of which the nominative ends in -is are femi- 
nine when they signify an action, state, or process: as, dial'ysis, the “act of dis- 
solving;” diaphore'sis, the “act or state of perspiring,” etc. (from the Greek). 
The genitive of this class of nouns is always the same as the nominative. 4. Those 
ending in -io, formed from a verb, are invariably feminine: as, abduc'tio [from the 
verb abdu'eo, abduc'tum], emis'sio [from emit'to, emis'sum], etc. 5. Those ending in 
-ma, which form the genitive by adding -tis, are from the Greek, and are without 
exception neuter: as, aro'ma, co'ma, der'ma, etc. 
jgf?** Nouns in -as, having the genitive in -a'tis, formed from an adjective, as 
muti'tas, “dumbness” [from mu'tus, “dumb”], are feminine; and, by analogy, nouns 
of the same termination, indicating the combination of some acid with a base, as 
ace'tas (an “acetate”), sulphas (a “sulphate”), are generally regarded as femi- 
nine; but this is disputed by others, and as words of this class are exclusively 
modern, there is no classical authority to which we can appeal to decide the ques- 
tion.* 
Nouns of the third declension usually change the -is of the genitive into -e, 
to form the ablative: as, can'tharis, gen. eanthar'idis, abl. canthar'ide; ca'ro 
(“flesh”), gen. car'nis, abl.car'ne, etc. See examples of nouns of the third declen- 
sion on preceding page. 
If the noun is masculine or feminine, the nominative plural is formed by 
changing the -is of the genitive singular into -es: as, ca'hj.v, gen. cal'yds, nom. 
pi. calyces; can'tharis, gen. canthar'idis, nom. pi. canthar'ides; but if neuter, the 
genitive singular is changed to -a or -ia: as, a'cer, gen. aferis, nom. pi. ax;'era; 
an’imal, gen. anima'lis, nom. pi. anima'lia; fora'men, gen. for am’inis, nom. pi. 
foram'ina. It may be stated as a universal rule that, in Latin, neuter nouns, 
or adjectives, of whatever declension, form the nominative plural in -a. 
* In the Last United States as well as in the British Pharmacopoeia (just published), nouns 
of this class are assumed to be feminine, and the accompanying adjectives and participles 
have the feminine termination. Accordingly, they now say Hydrar'gyri Sul’phas Fla'va, and 
not Hydrar'gyri Sid'phas Fla'vus, as given in former Pharmacopoeias; Zin’ci Carbo'nas Prse- 
cipita'ta (not Prxcipita'tus), etc. etc. 
In the Pharmacopoeia recently published under the authority of the Prussian Government 
(Pharmacopoeia Borussica, Berolini, 1862), instead of such terms as Plum'd Ace'tas, Magne’sise 
Sid'phas, Zin'ci Sul’phas, Ac., Plum'bum Acet'icum (“Acetic [or acetated] Lead”). Magne'sia 
Sulphu'rica (“Sulphuric [or sulphurated] Magnesia”), Zin'cum Sulphu'ricum (“Sulphuric [or 
sulphurated] Zinc”), &c. are employed; but Ace'tas Plum'bicus (“Plumbic Acetate”). Sid'phas 
Magne'sicus (“Magnesian Sulphate”), Sid'phas Zin'cicus (“Zincic Sulphate”), &c , are given as 
synonyms, the noun, as in the examples just cited, being invariably joined with a masculine 
adjective. 
666 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TEEMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
List of Nouns of the Third Declension, 
Abdo'men, gen. Ab- 
dom'wits (neut.). 
Abiluctor, gen. Ab- 
ducto'ris (m.). 
Ab'ies, Abi'etis (f.). 
Accip'iter, Accip'itris 
(m.). 
A'cer, Ag'eris (neut.). 
Ace'tas, Aceta'Hs (f.). 
Acotyle'don, -is (f.). 
Adductor, -o'm(in.). 
A'deps, Ad'ipis (m.). 
A'er, A'eris (rn.). 
iEru'go, /Eru'gtm's (f.). 
j'Es, M'ris (neut.). 
iEstas, .Esta'Zis (f.). 
iE'tas, iEta'Zis (f.). 
iF/ther, iE'tbem (m.). 
iE'thioim, -K'thioin.s 
(«!•)• 
Albu'go,Albu'gi/n‘s(f.) 
Albu'inen, Albu'uiinis 
(nexit.). 
Al'etris, Alet'ridis (f.). 
Alu'men, Alu'mirtis 
(neut.). 
Amauro'sis (id.*) (f.). 
Am'yris, Amyr'idis(f.). 
Anal'ysis (id.) (i.). 
A neuris'ma,-tis (neut.) 
An'inial, -is (neut.). 
An'ser, -is (m.). 
An'themis, Antliem'- 
idis (f.). 
An'thrax, Anthra'cis 
(m.). 
A'pex, Ap'icis (m.). 
A'phis, Apli'idis (f.). 
A'pis (id.) (f.). 
Aposte'nia, -tis. 
Appen'dix, Appen'- 
dicts (f.) 
Ar'bor, Ar'boris (m.). 
Ar'dor, -o'ris (m.). 
Aro'ma, Aro'niaris 
(neut.). 
Artliri'tis, Arthrit'idis 
(f.). 
Arun'do, Arun'dinis 
(/•)• 
As'cxiris, Ascaridis (f.) 
Ascle'pias, Ascle'pia- 
dis (f.). 
Asth'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Athero'ina, Athero'- 
ina/is (neut.). 
At'las, Atlau'Zis (m.). 
Auri'go, Aurig'ims (f.) 
A'vis (id.) ({.). 
Ax'is (id.) (m.). 
Ba'sis (id.) (i.). 
Ber'beris (id.) (f.). 
Bicarbo'nas, Bicarbo- 
na'Zis (f.) 
Bichro'mas, Bichro- 
ma'Zis (f.). 
Bitar'tras, Bitartra'Zis 
(f.). 
Bitu'inen, Bitu'minis 
(neut.). 
Bom'bax, Bomba'eis 
(f.). 
Bora'go, Borag'»>iis(f.) 
Bo'ras, Bora'iis (f.). 
Bo7rax, Bora'cis (f.). 
Bu'bo, Bubo'reis (m.). 
Buccina'tor, -o'ris (in.). 
Cacu'men, Cacu'mims 
(neut.). 
Cada'ver, Cadav'eri* 
(neut.). 
Cali'go, Calig'inis (f.). 
Ca'lor, -o'ris (in.). 
Calx, Cal'cis (m.). 
Ca'lyx, Cal'yas (m.). 
Can'nabis (id.) (f.). 
Can'tharis, Canthar'- 
idis (f.). 
Ca'put, Cap'iiis (neut.) 
Car'bo, -o'nis (m.). 
Carbo'nas, Carbona'iis 
(*•)• 
Carcino'ma, -tis (neut.) 
Cardi'tis, Cardit'irfis 
(f.). 
Ca'ro, Car'nis (f.). 
Cartila'go, Cartilag'- 
inis (f.). 
Ceru'men, Ceru'minis 
(neut.). 
Chlo'ras,Chlora'iis(f.). 
Chloro'sis (id.) (f.). 
Chrys'alis, Chrysal'- 
idis (f.). 
Cica'trix, Cicatri'cis 
(f.). 
Ci'nis, Cin'ens (m.). 
Ci'tras, Citra'iis (f.). 
Clas'sis (id.) (f.). 
Climac'tef, -e'ris (m.). 
Coc'cyx, Coccy'gis(m.) 
Colocyn'this, Colo- 
cyn'thirfis (f.). 
Co'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Constric'tor, -o'ris (m.) 
Cop'tis, Cop'tidis (f.). 
Cor, Cor 'dis (neut.). 
Cor'pus, Cor'pom 
(neut.). 
Cor'tex, Cor'ticis (m. 
and f.). 
Cre'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
Cri'nis (id.) (m.). 
Cri'sis (id.) (m.) 
Cro'ton, -o'nis (m.). 
Crus, Cim'ris (neut.). 
Cu'cumis (id.) (m.). 
Cu'tis (id.) (f.) 
Cy'cas, Cyc'adis (f.). 
Cys'tis, Cys'tidis (f.). 
Dens, Den'fis (m.). 
Depres'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
Der'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Diabe'tes, Diabe'tis. 
Diair'esis (id.) (f.). 
Diagno'sis (id.) (f.). 
Dial'ysis (id.) (f.). 
Diaphore'sis (id.) ({.). 
Diaphrag'ina, -tis 
(neut.). 
Diath'esiu (id.) (f,). 
Dicotyle don, is ({.). 
Digitalis (id.) (f.). 
Diia'tor, -o'ris (in.). 
Diplo'ma, -Us (neut.). 
Distor'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Dorema (neut.), 
Do'sis ( id.) (f.). 
E'btir, Eb'oris (neut.). 
Ecchyjno'ma, -tis 
(neut.). 
Eechymo'sis (id.) (f.). 
Elephantiasis (id.) (f.) 
Enipye'sis (id.) (f.). 
Empyreu'ma, -tis 
(neut.) 
Endosmo'sis (id.) (f.). 
En'ema, Eneniaiis 
(neut.). 
Enteritis (id.) (f.). 
Epis'chesis (id.) ({.). 
Epistax'is (id.) (f.), 
Erec'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Erig'eron, -tis (neut.). 
Erysip'elas, Erysipel'- 
atis (neut.). 
Exanthe'ma, Exan- 
tlieni'afis (neut.). 
Exosto'sis (id.) (f.). 
Exten'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
Ealx, Fal'eis (f.). 
Fe'bris (id.) ({.). 
Fel, Fel'iis (neut.). 
Fe'mur, Fem'oris 
(neut.). 
Filix, Fil'ieis (f.). 
Flex'or, -o'm (m.). 
Flos, Flo'ris (m.). 
Flu'or, Fluo'ris (m.). 
Fo'mes, Fom'iiis (m.). 
Fons, Fon'its (in.). 
Fora'nien, Foraniinis 
(neut.). 
For'ceps, For'cipis (f.). 
For'nix, For'nicisfm.). 
Fri'gus, Frig'wis 
(neut.). 
Frons, Fron'rfis (f.). 
Frons, Fron'iis (f.). 
Fru'tex, Fru'ticis(m.). 
Fuli'go, Fulig'tms (f.). 
Fu'nis (id.) (m.). 
Fur'fur, -is (in.). 
Gastri'tis, Gastrit'idis 
(f-> 
Gen'esis (id.) (f.). 
Ge'nus, Gen'eris 
(neut.). 
Ger'men, Ger'miwis 
(neut.). 
Gians, Glan'dis (f.). 
Glu'ten, Glu'tim's 
(neut.). 
Gra'men, Gram'iwis 
(neut.). 
Gram'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Gran'do, Gran'dinis 
(f-). 
Hmmop'tysis (id.) (f.). 
Ha'lo, Ilalo'nis (in.). 
Helix, Tlel'i 
He'par, Ilep'art* 
(neiit.). 
II e t 'pes, 11 erpe'Zis (m.) 
Iliru'do, Hini'dtms(f.) 
Hu'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
Hydras'tis, Hydras'ti- 
dis (f.). 
Hy'drops, Hydro'pts 
(m.). 
Hydrotho'rax, -a 'ris 
(m.). 
Hypochondri'asis (id.) 
(f.). 
Ig'nis (id.) (m.). 
Ima'go, Imag'inis (f.). 
Impeti'go, Impetig'- 
■inis (f.). 
In'dex, in'Aids (m. 
and f.). 
In'guen, In'gturns 
(neat.). 
I'ris, Iridis (f.). 
1'ter, Itin'eris (neut.). 
Je'cur, Jec'oris (neut.) 
Jn'glans, Juglan'dis 
(♦•)• 
Jus, Ju'ris (neut.). 
J uven'tns, J uventu'Zis 
(£•)• 
La'bor, Labo'ris (in.). 
Lac, Lac'ris (neut.). 
Lanu'go, Lanu'gijiis 
(f-)- 
Lapis, Lap'idis (m.). 
Lar'ynx, Laryn)/«(f.). 
La'tex, Lat'iris (tn.). 
Legu'men, Legu'mmis 
(neut.). 
Lens, Lena's (f.). 
Leon'todon,-Zis(ncut.) 
Leva'tor, -©'ris (m.). 
Lichen, Liche'ms(m.). 
Li'en, Lie'ms (m.). 
Li'mon, Limo'nts (m.). 
Li'quor, -o'ris (m.). 
Li'vor, -o'ris (nx.). 
Lix, Li'ris (f.). 
Lu'es, Lu'ts (f.). 
Lumba'go, Lumbag'- 
inis (f.). 
Ma'cis, Matrix's (f.). 
Mag'nes, Magne'ti# 
(m.). 
Mar'cor, -o'ris (m.). 
Mar'mor, Mar'mori* 
(neut.). 
M as, Ma'ra (m.). 
Ma'trix, Matri'ris (f.). 
Medica'men, Medi- 
cam'ims (neut.). 
Mel, Mel'Zis (neut.). 
Mens, Men'Zis (f.). 
Men'sis (id.) (m.). 
Menyan'thes, Meny- 
an'this. 
Mfcxs'ma, -tis (neut ). 
Moli'men, Molim'inis 
(neut.). 
Mors, Mor'Zis (f.). 
* Id. placed after the noun denotes that the genitive is the same (idem) as the nominative. 
667 Mos, Mo'ris (m.), man- 
ner or custom. 
Mo'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Mucila'go, Mucilag'- 
inis (f.). 
Mu'rias, Muria'ft's (f.). 
MuBmur, -is (neut.). 
Mu'titas, Mutita'ft's (f.) 
Narco'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Na'ris (id.) (f.). 
Nata'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Neuro'sis (id.) (f.). 
Ni'tras, Nitra'ft's (f.). 
Nox, Noc'ft's (night) 
(f.). 
Nu'trix, Nutri'cis (f.). 
Nux, Nu'cis (f.). 
Ob'stetrix, Obstetri'- 
cis ({.). 
Oc'ciput, Occip'ift's 
(neut.). 
On'yx, On'ychis (m. 
and f.). 
Or'do, Or'direis (m.). 
Ori'go, Orig'inis (f.). 
Os, O'ris (neut.). 
Os, Os 'sis (neut.). 
O'vis (id.) (f.). 
Ox'alas, Oxala'ft's (f.). 
Pa'nax, Pan'acis (f.). 
Pan'creas, Pancre'aft's 
(neut.). 
Pa'nis (id.) (m.). 
Papa'ver, Papav'eris 
(neut.). 
Paral'ysis (id.) (f.). 
Pa'ries, Pari'eft's (m.). 
Pathe'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Pec'ten, Pec'tims (m. 
and neut.). 
Pec'tus, Pec'toris 
(neut.). 
Pel'vis (id.) (f.). 
Pe'po, Pepo'reis (m.). 
Perman'ganas, -a 'tis 
(f.). 
Pertuu'sis (id.) (f.). 
Pes, Pe'dts (m.). 
Pes'tis (id.) (f.). 
Pha'lanx, Phalan'ois 
(f.). 
Phar'ynx, 
(f.). 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Phos'phas, Phospha'- 
tis (f.). 
Phthi'sis {id.) (f.). 
Pi'per, Pip'eris (neut.). 
Pis'cis {id.) (m.). 
Pix, Pi'cts (f.). 
Planta'go, Plantag'- 
inis (f.). 
Plas'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Pneuma, -tis (neut.). 
Pol'lex, Pol'licis (m.). 
Pon'dus, Pon'dem 
(neut.). 
Pons, Pon'fts (m.). 
Pop'les, Pop'lift's (m.). 
Porri'go, Porrig'mts 
(fO- 
Pris'ma, Pris'maft's 
(neut.). 
Probos'cis, Probos'ci- 
dis (f.). 
Prona'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Propa'go, Propag'ims 
(f.). 
Pruri'go, Prurig'ims 
(f-). 
Pu'bes, Pu'bis (f.). 
Pul'mo, Pulmo'ms 
(m.). 
Pul'vis, Pul'vem (m.). 
Pus, Pu'm (neut.). 
Puta'men, Putam'ims 
(neut.). 
Pyr'amis, Pyram'idts 
(f.). 
Pyro'sis (id.) (f.). 
Qua'drans, Quadran'- 
tis (m.). 
Ra'chis, Ra'cheos (f.). 
Ra'dix, Radi'cis (f.). 
Reg'imen, Regim'mis 
(neut.). 
Ren, Re'nis (m.). 
Re'te, Re'tis (neut.). 
Retrao'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Rha'chis, Rha'cheos. 
See Rachis. 
Rheu'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Rhizo'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Rhus, Rho'is (f. and m.) 
Ri'gor, -o'ris (m.). 
Rota'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Rubi'go,Rubig'inis (f.) 
Ru'mex, Ru'micis(m.) 
Sal, Sa'Iis (m.). 
Sa'lix, Sal'icis (f.). 
San'guis, San'guittis 
On.). 
San'itas, Sanita'iis (f.). 
Sa'po, Sapo'mis (m.). 
Sarco'ma, Sarco'mail's 
(neut.). 
Sarx, Sar'cos (f.). 
Scan'sor, -o'ris (m.). 
Se'des, Se'dis (f.). 
Se'men, Sem'iitis 
(neut.). 
Senec'tus, Senectu'iis 
(f-). 
Serpi'go, Serpig'inis 
(f.). 
Si'lex, Sil'icis (m. orf.) 
Sil'icas, Si 1 ica'tis (f.). 
Sina'pis (id.) (f.). 
Si'phon or Si'pho, 
o'nis (m.). 
Si'tis (id.) (f.). 
Sol, So'lis (m.). 
Solida'go, Solidag'inis 
(f.). 
So'por, -o'ris (m.). 
Spa'dix, Spadi'cis (m.). 
Spas'ma, Spas'maiis 
(neut.). 
Sper'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Spliinc'ter, -e'ris (m.) 
Sta'nien, Stam'inis 
(neut.). 
Ste'ar, Ste'atis (neut.). 
Ster'tor, -o'ris (m.). 
Stig'ma, Stig'maiis 
(neut.). 
Sto'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Sto'rax, Stora'cis (m.). 
Stu'por, -o'ris (m.). 
Sty'rax, Styra'cis (m. 
and f.). 
Su'dor, Sudo'ris (m.). 
Sul'phas, Sulpha'iis 
(f-)- 
Sul'phis, Sulphi'iis 
(f.). 
Sul'phur, Sul'phuris 
(neut.). 
Sympto'ma, -tis (neut.) 
Synop'sis (id.) ({.). 
Syn'thesis (id.) ({.). 
Syph'ilis, Syphil'irfis 
(f.). 
Syste'ma, -tis (neut.). 
Ta'bes, Ta'bis (f.). 
Tax'is (id.) (f.). 
Tec'trix, Tectri'cis (f.). 
Teg'men, Teg'm inis 
(neut.). 
Tem'pus, Tem'poris 
(neut.). 
Ten'do, Ten'dinis (m.). 
Ten'sor, -o'ris(m.). 
Tes'tis (id.) (m. or f.). 
Testu'do, Testu'dini* 
(f.l. 
The'nar, Then'aris 
(neut.). 
The'sis (id.) (f.). 
Tho'rax,Thora'cis (m.) 
Thus, Thu'rfs (neut.). 
Tor'men, Tor'minis 
(neut.). 
Tre'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
Tricho'ma, -tis. 
Trochan'ter, -e'ris (m.) 
Tu'ber, Tu'beris 
(neut.). 
Tu'mor, -o'ris (m.). 
Ul'cus, Ul'<;eris(neut.). 
Un'guis (id.) (m.). 
Ure'do, Ured'inis (f.). 
Ure'ter, Urete'ris(m.). 
Va'por, -o'ris (m.). 
Va'rix, Var'icis (m.). 
Vas, Va'sis (neut.), pi. 
of second declension. 
Ven'ter, Yen'tris (m.). 
Ve'nus, Ven'eris (f.). 
Ver'mis (id.) (m.). 
Yer'tex, Ver'ticis(m.). 
Vis (id.) (f.), pi. Vi'res. 
Yis'cus, Vis'geris 
(neut.). 
Vi'tis (id.) (f.). 
Vo'mer, -is (m.). 
Vor'tex, Vor'ticis (m.). 
Vox, Vo'cis (f.). 
A'ul'nus, Yul'neris 
(neut.). 
Zin'giber, Zingib'eris 
(neut.). 
To these may be added the very numerous class of nouns in -to, derived from the supines of 
verbs by simply dropping the -urn of the supine and substituting -io: for example, from ab- 
du'co, abduct-nm, to “abduct,” we have abduc'tio, “abduction;” from adhie'reo, adhsdsum, to 
“ adhere,” we have adhsdsio, “ adhesion,” &c. All such nouns are of the feminine gender; they 
invariably form the genitive by adding -nis to the nominative: e.g. abduc'tio, abductio'nis, ad- 
hsesio, adhiesif/nis, and so on. It may be observed that English nouns in -ion—such as caution, 
depression, lotion, motion, occasion, retention, repulsion, tension, kc. kc.—are, with scarcely an 
exception, derived from Latin nouns of the class alluded to, by simply dropping the -is of the 
genitive; as, motio, gen. motion-is, “ motion;” tensio, gen. tension-is, “ tension,” kc. 
VI. Latin nouns having the nominative in -us or -u, and the genitive like the 
nominative, are said to he of the fourth declension: e.g. nom. a'cus, a “needle;” 
gen. a'cus, “of a needle.” Some grammarians suppose that the original form 
of the genitive was -uis, and that this was afterwards contracted into -tis. Be 
this as it may, it is usual, in order to mark the difference between the nomina- 
tive and genitive, to write the latter with a circumflex accent, which is a common EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
sign of contraction: e.g. nom. duc'tus, a “duct;” gen. duc'tus, “of a duct.” So wo 
have—nom. cor’nus flo'rida, gen. cor'nils Jlo'ridse; nom. quer'cus al'ba, gen. quer'cus 
al'bse, etc.: hence the terms decoc'tum cor'nus flo'ridse (“decoction of dogwood”), 
decoc'tum quer'c&s al'bse (“decoction of white oak [bark]”). Nouns of this class 
form the ablative in the nominative plural in -us, and the genitive plural in 
-uum: thus, a'cus, a “needle,” has in the ablative a'cu, “in, with, from, or by a 
needle;” nom. pi. a'cus, “needles;” gen. pi. ac'uum, “of needles;” duc'tus, a 
“duct;” abl. duc'tu, “with a duct;” nom. pi. duc’tus, “ducts;” gen. pi. duc'tuum, 
“of ducts,” etc Nouns having the nominative singular in -u, are of the neuter 
gender, and have the same termination in all the eases of the singular. Like all 
neuter nouns of whatever declension, they form their plural in -a : e.g. ge'nu, a 
“knee;” gen. ge'nu or genus, “of a knee;” abl. ge'nu, “with a knee;” nom. pi. 
geu'ua, “knees,” gen. pi gen'uum, ‘ of knees.” Cor'nu (a “horn”) is declined in 
precisely the same manner: hence we have the terms cor'nu cer'vi, “hart’s horn;” 
cor'nua u'teri, “horns of the uterus;” gen'ua val'ga, “crooked ox distorted 
knees,” etc. 
List of the most important Nouns of the Fourth Declension. 
Abor'tus. 
Absces'sus. 
A'cus. 
Afflux'us. 
Apparatus. 
Aqua'duc'tus. 
Ar'cus. 
Ascen'sus. 
Audi'tus. 
Co'itus. 
Congres'sus. 
Cor'nu (neut.). 
Cor'nus (f.). 
Cu'bitus. 
Decu'bitus. 
Descen'sus. 
Duc'tus. 
Fla'tus. 
Flux'us. 
Foe'tus. 
Fruc'tus. 
Ue'nu (neut.). 
Gus'tus. 
Hab'itus. 
Hal'itus. 
Haus'tus. 
Ic'tus. 
Lu'sus. 
Ma'nus. 
Mo'tus. 
Ni'sus. 
Olfac'tus. 
Par'tus. 
Pas'sus. 
Plex'us. 
Po'tus. 
Proces'sus. 
Prolap'sus. 
Pul'sus. 
Quer'cus (f.). 
Ri'sus. 
Sen'sus. 
Sex'us. 
Si'uus. 
Si'tus. 
Spir'itus. 
Subsul'tus. 
Tac'tus. 
Tinni'tus. 
Trac'tus. 
Trau'situs. 
Vic'tus. 
Yi'sus. 
Vom'itus. 
Vul'tus. 
It may he observed that all Latin nouns ending in -us, and derived from tho 
supine of a verb by simply changing -m to are of the fourth declension and 
masculine gender: e.g. audi'tus, “hearing” [from au'dio, audi'tum, to “hear”]; 
duc'tus, a “duct,” or “canal” [from du'co, due’turn, to “lead,” to “convey”]; ic'tus, 
a “stroke” [from i'co, ic'tum, to “strike”]; jtur'tus, “parturition” [frem pa'rio, 
par'turn, to “bring forth”]; pas'sus, a “step” (i.e. an “opening” or “extension 
of the legs”) [from pan'do, pan'sum or pas'sum, to “open,” “expand,” or “ex- 
Examples of Nouns of the Fourth Declension, declined in full. 
Fructus, fruit (ma.sc.). 
Singular-. 
Nom. Fruc'tus, fruit. 
Gen. Fruc'tfis, of fruit 
Dat. Fruc'tui, to or for fruit. 
Acc. Fruc'tnm,. fruit. 
Yoc. Fruc'tus, fruit. 
Abl. Fruc'tu, in, with, or by fruit. 
Plural. 
Nom. Fruc'tus, fruits. 
Gen. Fruc'tunm, of fruits. 
Dat. Fruc'tibus, to or for fruits. 
Acc. Fruc'tus,/ra*7.s. 
A'oc. h'rnc'tns, fruits. 
Abl. Fruc'tibus, in, with, or by fruits. 
Cornu, a horn (neut.). 
Nom. Cor'nu, a horn. 
Gen. Cor'nfts or Cor'nu,* of a horn. 
Dat. Cor'nu, to or for a horn. 
Acc. Cor'nu, a horn. 
Yoc. Cor'nu, horn. 
Abl. Cor'nu, in, with, or by a horn. 
Norn. Cor'nua, horns. 
Gen. Cor'mium, of horns. 
Dat, Cor'nibus, to or for horns. 
Acc. Cor'nua, horns. 
Yoc. Cor'nua, horns. 
Abl. Cor'nibus, in, with, or by horns. 
* Always cor'nu in medical phrases: e.g. rasu'rse cor'nu cer'vi (not cor'nils cer'vi), “shavings 
of hartshorn.” 
669 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
tend”]; plex'us, a “knitting together,” a “network” [from plec'to, plex'um, to 
“knit,” to “intertwine”]; po'tus, a “drink,” or “drinking” [from po’to, pota'tum 
or po'tum, to “drink”], etc. etc.* 
VII. Latin nouns having the nominative in -es and the genitive in -e'i are of 
the fifth declension. They form the ablative in -e, the nominative plural like the 
nominative singular, the genitive plural in -e'rum, and the ablative plural in -e'bus: 
e.g. nom. di'es, a “day;” gen. die'i, “of a day;” abl. di'e, “in a day;” nom. pi. 
di'es, “days;” gen. die'rum, “of days;” abl. pi. die'bus, “in, on, or with days:” 
so, nom. res, a “thing;” gen. re'i, abl. re, nom. pi. res, gen. pi. re'rum, abl. pi. 
re'bus, etc. etc.: hence the phrases, alter'nis die'bus, “on alternate days;” re'rum 
vatu'ra, the “nature of things;” res con'tra natu'ram, “things against nature,” etc. 
Nouns of the fifth declension are feminine, excepting dies, a “day,” which is 
usually masculine,f but sometimes feminine. See examples given below. 
List of Nouns of the Fifth Declension. 
A'cies. 
Balbu'ties. 
Calvi'ties. 
Cani'ties. 
Caries. 
Di'es. 
Fa'cies. 
Fi'des. 
Gla'cies. 
Inglu'vies. 
Ma'cies. 
Molli'ties. 
Proflu'vies. 
Ra'bies. 
Res. 
Sa'nies. 
Scabies. 
Spe'des. 
Spes. 
Superficies. 
Indeclinable Nouns. 
Some Pharmacopoeial (Latinized) names are indeclinable: that is to say, the termi- 
nation remains the same through all the cases: e.g. nom. Mati'co, gen. Mati'co, etc.: 
hence the phrase, Infit'sum Mati'co, “infusion of matico:”]; so Al'cohol, Azed'arach, 
Bu'chu (or Buc’eo), Cat'echu, Cits'so (or Koos'so), El'emi, Ki'no, Sa’go, Sas'safras, 
etc. Accordingly, we have Tinctu'ra Bu'chu, Tinctu'ra Cat'echu, Unguen'turn El'emi, 
Tinctu'ra Kino, ctc. The gender of the greater number of these nouns would 
seem to be undetermined; it is important, however, to observe that Alcohol is 
always neuter; therefore we must say, Al'cohol Bilu'tum, Al'cohol For'tins, etc., 
not Al'cohol Dilu'tus or For'tior. 
Singular. 
Nom. Di'es, a day. 
Gen. Die'i, of a day. 
Dat. Die'i, to a day. 
Acc. Di'em, a day. 
Voc. Di'es, day. 
Abl. Di'e, in, with, or by a day. 
Nom. Res, a thing. 
Gen. Re'i, of a thing. 
Dat. Re'i, to a thing. 
Acc. Rem, a thing. 
Voc. Res, thing. 
Abl. Re, in, with, or by a thing. 
Nouns of the Fifth Declension, declined in full. 
Plural. 
Nom. Di'es, days. 
Gen. Die'rum, of days. 
Dat. Die'bus, to days. 
Acc. Di'es, days. 
Voc. Di'es, days. 
Abl. Die'bus, in, with, or by days. 
Nom. Res, things. 
Gen. Re'rum, of things. 
Dat. Re'bus, to things. 
Acc. Res, things. 
Voc. Res, things. 
Abl. Re'bus, in, with, or by things. 
* Hence the phrases ma'nia apo'tu, “madness from drinking;” inpar'tu, “in parturition;” 
in si'tu, “in situation;” in tran'situ, “in passage;” pa'ri pas'su, “with an equal step or 
pace,”—that is, “ proceeding side by side.” 
f In stating that dies is usually masculine, it is simply meant that the Roman authors com- 
monly join it with a masculine adjective. It is scarcely necessary to observe that flu's, like all 
other questions relating to language, is to be decided by the mage of the best writers or speakers. 
As an illustration of the power of usage, it may he remarked that in English the sun, in 
poetical language, is always masculine, the moon always feminine; and any one would ho 
laughed at who should speak of the sun as “she” or the moon as “he.” Yet in German the 
moon is always masculine and the sun always feminine. The only explanation to be given 
is that the usage of the language has made it so. 
J Mati'ca, however, the Pharnmcopoeial name of the same substance (according to the British 
Pharmacopoeia), is declinalile, and Itelongs to the first declension, making the genitive in -se: 
as, Infusum Maticx, Tinctura Matica, etc. 
670 EXPLANATION OP LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Latin adjectives may be divided into two great classes, namely, those of the first 
and second declensions, and those of the third declension. 
VIII. Adjectives of the first class have the maseulino in -ms, the feminine in -a, 
and the neuter in -urn, the feminine corresponding exactly to nouns of the first 
declension; the masculine and neuter corresponding to nouns of the second declen- 
sion in -us and -uni respectively. Accordingly, if an adjective of this class—take 
la'tus, “broad,” for example—is to be joined to a masculine noun, it retains its 
first termination in -us (the usual form in which such words are given in the dic- 
tionaries) ; if to a feminine noun, -us must be changed into -a; if to a neuter noun, 
into -uni: hence we have mas'cuius la'tus, a “ broad musclefas'cia la'ta, a 
“broad fascia;” liyamen'turn la'turn, a “broad ligament;” because mus'cuius is 
masculine, fas'cia, feminine, and ligamen'turn, neuter. The cases of the adjec- 
tives, both singular and plural, are in these examples formed precisely in the same 
manner as the nouns to which they are joined. Accordingly we have in the 
Adjectives. 
Genitive: 
Mus'culi la’ti, “of the broad muscle.” 
Fas'cise la'ta, “ of the broad fascia.” 
Ligamen'ti la'ti, “of the broad ligament.” 
Ablative: 
Mus'culo la'to, “with or in the broad 
muscle.” 
Fas'cid la'td, “ with or in the broad fas- 
cia.” 
Ligamen'to la'to, “with or in the broad 
ligament.” 
Nominative plural: 
Mus'culi la’ti, “ broad muscles.” 
Fas'cist la'tas. “ broad fasciae.” 
Ligwmen'ta la'ta, “ broad ligaments.” 
Genitive plural: 
Musculo'rum lato'rum, “of the broad mus- 
cles.” 
Fascia'rum lata'rum, “ of the broad fas- 
cias.” 
Lit/a men (o'rum laWrum, “of the broad 
ligaments.” 
In like manner, if the noun should be of the third declension, the adjective 
changes so as to correspond in gender and case as well as number (though it 
does not change according to the declension). 
Nominative singular: 
Ten'do la'tus, a “ broad tendon.” 
Cartila'go la'ta, a “ broad cartilage.” 
Os la'turn, a “ broad bone.” 
Genitive: 
Ten'dinis la’ti, “ of a broad tendon.” 
Cartilag'inis la'tee, “ of a broad cartilage.” 
Os'sis la'ti, “ of a broad bone.” 
Ablative: 
Ten'dine la'to, “ with or in abroad tendon.” 
Cartilag'ine la'td, “with or in a broad 
cartilage.” 
Os'se la'to, “ with or in a broad bone.” 
Nominative plural: 
Ten'dines la'ti, “ broad tendons.” 
Cartilag'ines la’tie, “ broad cartilages.” 
Os'sa la'ta, “ broad bones.” 
Genitive plural: 
Ten'dinum lato'rum, “ of broad tendons..” 
CarlUag'inum lata'rum, “ of broad carti- 
lages.” — 
Os'sium lato'rum, “ of broad bones.” 
Ablative plural: 
Tendin'ibus la'tis, “ with broad tendons.” 
Cartilagin'ibus la'tis, “with broad carti- 
lages.” 
Os'sibus la'tis, “ with hroad bones.” 
List of the most important Adjectives of the First and Second Declensions. 
Acera'ceus, resembling 
the maple. 
Acer'bns, harsh. 
Acet'icns, acetic. 
Aq'idus, acid. 
Acti'vus, active. 
iE'quus, equal. 
Aera'tus (part.*), aer- 
ated. 
iEthe'reus, ethereal. 
Africa'nus, African. 
Ai'dicus (or iE'dicus), 
pertaining to the pu- 
denda. 
Al'bus, white. 
Al'gidus, cold, or chill- 
ed with cold. 
Ama'rus, bitter. 
Amerioa'nus, Ameri- 
can. 
Amce'nus, pleasant. 
Anella'tus, having 
small rings. 
An'glicus, English. 
Annula'tus, annulat- 
ed, having rings. 
Anseri'nus, of or per- 
taining to a goose. 
Anti'cus, anterior. 
Anti'quus, ancient. 
Antisep'ticns, antisep- 
tic. 
Aquo'sus, aqueous. 
Ar'duus, difficult, ar- 
duous. 
Ar'idus, arid, dry. 
Articula'tus, articu- 
lated. 
Asiat'icus, Asiatic. 
Aton'icus, atonic. 
* Part., an abbreviation for “participle.” 
671 lJo'nns, good. 
Bovi'nus, of or per- 
taining to an ox. 
Brevis'simus, shortest. 
Calciua'tus (part.), 
calcined. 
Cal'idus, warm. 
Cal'vus, bald. 
Can'did us, white. 
Cani'nus, canine. 
Ca'mis, hoary or white. 
Carboii'icus, carbonic. 
Caus'ticus, caustic. 
Ca'vus, hollow. 
Cenot'icus, pertaining 
to evacuations. 
Chem'icus, chemical. 
Cincbona'ceus, resem- 
bling the Cinchona. 
Citie'reus, ash-colored. 
Cinet'icus, pertaining 
to motion, or to the 
muscles. 
Cla'rus, dear. 
Cliil'icus, clinic. 
Cl usia'ceus, resembling 
the Clusia. 
Cneli'acus, cceliac. 
Complex'us (part.), 
complicated, complex. 
Compos'itus (part.), 
compound. 
Con'cavus, concave. 
Conci'sus (part.), 
sliced, or cut into 
small pieces. 
Contu'sus (part.), 
bruised. 
Convex'us, convex. 
Covda'tus, cordate. 
Corrosi'vus, corrosive. 
Crit'icus, critical. 
Crucif'erus, cross- 
bearing, or bearing 
flowers having the. 
form of a cross. 
Crysta 11 i '11 us, crystal- 
line. 
Cur'vus, crooked. 
Guta'neus, cutaneous. 
Dec'imus, tenth. 
Dcnnda'tus (part.), de- 
nuded. 
Depura'tus (part.),pw- 
rified. 
Diffii'sus (part.), dif- 
fuse, diffused. 
Dilu'tus (part.), dilute, 
diluted. 
Diptera'ceus, re.se.m- 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
bling the Diptcro- 
carpus. 
Dissec'ttis (part.), dis- 
sected. 
Diur'nus, diurnal. 
Domes'ticus, domestic. 
Dras'ticus, drastic. 
Du'rus, hard. 
Dynatn'icus, dynamic. 
Eclec'ticus, eclectic. 
Elas'ticus, elastic. 
F.Iec'tricus, electric. 
Epi dem'icus, epidemic. 
Equi'uus, equine. 
Erudi'tus (part.), in- 
structed, learned. 
Europfe'us, European. 
Fal ’sus, false. 
Fariiio'sus, mealy. 
Febri l'ugus, febrifuge. 
Feli'iius,,/Wine. 
Finit'iinus, neighbor- 
ing. 
Fix'us (part.), fixed. 
Fla'vus, yellow. 
Flor'id us, flowery. 
Flu'idus , fluid. 
Foet'id i is, stinking. 
Ful'vus, tawny. 
Fu'sns, fused. 
Gal'licus, French. 
Galvati'icus, galvanic. 
Gas'tricus, gastric. 
Gem'iuus, double. 
Geuer'icus, generic. 
Glau'cus, gray or glau- 
cous. 
Gramina'ceus, resem- 
bling grass. 
Gra'tus, pleasing, pa- 
latable. 
Grav'idus, pregnant. 
ILemat'icu-;, /nematic. 
Ilec'ticus, hectic. 
Ilepat'icus, hepatic. 
Hiima'uus, human. 
Hyber'inis, wintry. 
Idiopatli'icus, idio- 
pathic. 
Ili'acus, iliac. 
Imagina ri us, imagin- 
“ary. 
Iiupu'rus, impure. 
In'dicus, Indian, or be- 
longing to India. 
Iuflamnia'tus, in- 
flamed. 
Inuomina'tus, un- 
named. 
Insa'niis, insane,. 
Inten'sus, intense. 
In val'idus, in valid. 
Involunta'rius, invo- 
luntary. 
Iod'icus, iridic. 
Irida'ceus, resembling 
the. Iris. 
Isomor'plius, isomor- 
phous. > 
Lac'ticus, lactic. 
Lar'gus, broad or large. 
Latis'sinius, broadest. 
La'tus, broad. 
Ijiiura'ceus, resembling 
the Lauras. 
Lax'us, loose. 
Lilia'ccus, resembling 
the, lily. 
Liq'nidus. liquid. 
Liv'idus, livid. 
Loba'tus, lobed. 
Loiigis'simus, longest. 
Lon'gus, long. 
Lo'tus (part.), washed. 
Ln'eidus, lucid. 
Lyiupliat'iciis, lym- 
phatic. 
Mu yiuct'icns,magnetic. 
Mag'nus, great. 
Ma Pious, malic. 
Ma'lus, evil, bad. 
Malva'ceus, resem- 
bling the Malva. 
Marit'imus, maritime. 
Mas'culus, masculine. 
Matu'rus, mature. 
Max'i unis, greatest. 
.'led ia'iius, median. 
Med'ious, medical. 
Miii'imns, least. 
Mor'hidus, morbid. 
Mnl'tns, many. 
Muriat'icns, muriatic. 
Myrta'ceus, resem- 
bling the myrtle. 
Narcot'icus, narcotic. 
Norvo'sus, nervous. 
Ncurot'icus, neurotic. 
Ni'tricus, nitric. 
Noctur'nus, nocturnal. 
No'uus, ninth. 
No'vus, new. 
Obli'quus, oblique. 
Obscu'rus, obscure. 
Occul'tus, occult. 
Octa'vus, eighth. 
Odo'rus, odorous, fra- 
grant. 
Olca'ceus, resembling 
the Olea (olive). 
Opa'rus, opaque. 
Op'ticns, optic, optical. 
Optimus, best. 
Orchida'ceus, re.sein. 
bling the. Orchis. 
Organ'icus, organic. 
Oxal'icns, oxalic. 
Pal'lidus, pallid, pale. 
Papavera'ceus, resem- 
bling the poppy. 
Parotide'us, parotid. 
l’arti'tus (part.), di- 
vided. 
Par'vus, small. 
Pathet'icus, pathetic. 
Pau'cus, pin. Paa'ci, 
few 
Pellu'cidus, pellucid. 
Pcrac'tus (part.), fin- 
ished or completed. 
Perfora'tns (part.), 
perforated. 
PeristaFtieus, peri- 
staltic. 
Perona-'us, peroneal. 
Phosphor'icus, phos- 
phoric. 
Phys'icus, physical. 
Pi'ccus, of pitch. 
Pimia'tus, pinnate. 
Pla'nus, plane, fiat. 
Pneumat'icus, pneu- 
matic. 
Pnenmou'icu'i, pneu- 
monic. 
Poma'ceus, resembling 
the apple. 
Posti'cus, posterior. 
Pnecipita'tns (part.), 
precipitated. 
Priepara'tus (part.), 
prepared. 
Preescrip’tus (part.), 
prescribed or direct- 
ed. 
Pri’mns, first. 
Profun'dns, deep, pro- 
found. 
Ptilinoii'ieus, pulmo- 
nic. 
Purifica'tiis (part.), 
purified. 
Purpu'reus, purple. 
Pii'rus, pure. 
Pyrec'ticus, relating to 
pyrexia. 
Quadra'tus, square. 
Qnan'tus, as much as. 
Qiiarta'iins, quartan. 
Qiwr'tus, fourth. 
Singular. 
Muso. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. La ius, la'ta, la'tuin (broad). 
Gen. La'ti, la'tie, la'ti. 
Dat. La'to, la'tfe, la'to. 
Acc. La'tuni, la'tam, la'tum. 
Voc. La'te, la'ta, la'tum. 
Aid. La'to, la'ta, la'to. 
Example of an Adjective of the First and Second Declensions ending in -us, declined in full, 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Norn. La'ti, la'ta?, la’ta. 
Gen. Lato'rum, lata'rnm, lato'rum. 
Dat. La'tis, la'tis, la'tis. 
Acc. La'tos, la'tas, la'ta. 
Voc. La'ti, la'tfe, la'ta. 
Abl. La'tis, la'tis, la'tis. 
In like manner are declined all adjectives and participles ending in -us, ex epting u’nus, 
a'lius (“other”), nul'lus, so'lus, to’tus, and ul'lus. See page 676. 
672 Quiu'tus, fifth. 
Quntidia'nus, daily. 
Rab'idus, rabid. 
Kainnicula'oeus, re- 
sembling the Ranun- 
culus. 
Rectjfica'tus (part.), 
rectified. 
Kec'tus, straight. 
Rcdac'tus (part.), re- 
duced. 
Reilex'us (part.), re- 
fected, rejle.xed, or 
reflex. 
Rhoumat'icus, rheu- 
matic. 
Rig'idus, rigid. 
Rotnn'dus, round. 
Sali'nus, saline. 
Saliva'rins, salivary. 
Sauguiu'eus, sanguine- 
ous. 
Sa'nus, sound, sane. 
Sati'vus, cultivated. 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Scale'nus, scalene. 
Sciat'icns, sciatic. 
Sclerot'icus, sclerotic. 
Secre'tus, secreted. 
Secun'dus, second. 
Sedati'vus, sedative. 
Sep'ticus, septic. 
Sep'timus, seventh. 
Serra'tus, serrate. 
Sex'tus, sixth. 
Sic'cus, dry. 
Sol'itlus, solid. 
Sol'itus, usual. 
Somnif'erus, sleep-pro- 
ducing. 
Spasmod'icus, spas- 
modic. 
Spermat'icus, sper- 
matic. 
Spino'sus, thorny. 
Spouta'neus, sponta- 
neous. 
Spu'rinH, spurious. 
Sublima'tus (part.), 
sublimed or subli- 
mated. 
Sulphu'ricus, sul- 
plt uric. 
Sur'dus, (leaf 
Sympathet'icus, sym- 
pathetic. 
Tan'tus, so much. 
Tep'idus, tepid. 
Tertia'nus, tertian. 
Ter'tius, third. 
Thorag'icus, thoracic. 
Ti n c t o'r i u s,y >c rfa t n t ng 
to dyers, or dyeing. 
Transver'sus, trans- 
verse. 
Trigein'inus, triple. 
Ul'timus, last, final. 
Us'tus (part.), burnt or 
calcined. 
Val'idus, valid, strong. 
Ya'nus, vain. 
Ya'rius, various. 
V'a'rus, bow-legged. 
Venena'tus, envenomed 
Yertebra'tus, verte- 
brated. 
Ve'rus, true. 
Vesicato'rius, causing 
blisters. 
Yirginia'nus, Virgin- 
ian. 
Adjectives in -er. 
iE'ger, sick. 
As'por, rough. 
Cro'ber, frequent. 
Gla'ber, smooth. 
In'teger, whole, entire. 
La'cer, tom, lacerated 
Ma'cer, lean. 
Ni'ger, black. 
Pui'cher, beautiful. 
Ru'ber, red. 
Sa'cer, sacred. 
Sea'ber, rough. 
Te'ner, tender. 
IX. Adjectives of the third declension are generally declined in all respects like 
nouns of the third declension having the same termination and gender: thus, adjec- 
tives in -is (as mi'tis, “mild”) are declined like cri'nis, except that they have the 
ablative singular in -i; those in -e, like re’te; those in -ns (e.g. ar'dens, “burning”), 
like dens; those in -ex (as siui'plex, “simple”), like a'pex, etc. (See page 665.) 
This class of adjectives may he conveniently subdivided into two sections: 
1. Those ending in -is having the neuter in -e: as, abdomina'lis, “abdominal;” 
labia'lis, ‘'labial;” orbicula'ris, “circular,” etc. 2. Those terminating in two con- 
sonants: as, astriu'gens (“astringent”), ser'pens (“creeping”), medica'trix* (“heal- 
ing”), etc. 
X. Those of the first section have the masculine and feminine alike, with the 
Singular. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Ru'ber, ru'bra, ru'bruni (red). 
Gen. Ru'bri, ru'bra), ru'bri. 
Dat. Ru'bro, ru'bra), ru'bro. 
Acc. Ru'brum, ru'bram, ru'bruni. 
Yoc. Ru'ber, ru'bra, ru'bruni. 
Abl. Ru'bro, ru'bra, ru'bro. 
Example of an Adjective of the First and Second Declensions in -er, declined in full.\ 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Ru'bri, ru'bra), ru'bra. 
Gen. Rubro'rum, rubra'rum, rubro'rum. 
Dat. Ru'bris, ru'bris, ru'bris. 
Acc. Ru'bros, ru'bras, ru'bra. 
Yoc. Ru'bri, ru'bra), ru'bra. 
Abl. Ru'bris, ru'bris, ru'bris. 
Singular. 
Masc. Fcm. Neut. 
Nom. Mi'tis, mi'tis, mi'te (mild). 
Gen Mi'tis, mi'tis, mi'tis. 
Dat. Mi'ti, mi'ti, mi'ti. 
Ace. Mi'tem, mi'tem, mi'te. 
Yoc. Mi'tis, mi'tis, mi'te. 
Abl. Mi'ti, mi'ti, mi'ti. 
Example of an Adjective of the Third Declension, declined in full. 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Mi'tes, mi'tes, mitia (mish'e-a). 
Gen. Mit'ium, mit'ium, mit'ium (mish'e- 
um). 
Dat. Mit'ibus, mit'ibus, mit'ibus. 
Acc. Mi'tes, mi'tes, mit'ia. 
Voc. Mi'tes, mi'tes, mit'ia. 
Abl. Mit'ibus, mit'ibus, mit'ibus. 
* X is properly a double consonant, being composed of cs (or ks). Compare the English 
■word small-pox, formerly written small pocks. 
f In like manner are declined nearly all adjectives in -er; but as'per, la'cer, and te'ner 
take an additional syllable in the feminine and neuter gender, and in the cases after the nomi- 
native: as. lae'era, lae'erum, lae'eri, etc. (not lac'ra, lac'rum). For After, see page 676. 
673 genitive like the nominative masculine (or feminine), the neuter nominative end- 
ing always in -e. These adjectives are very numerous, and are constantly met with 
in anatomical and botanical names: as, carun'cula (f.) lacliryma'lis, the “lachrymal 
caruncle;” mus'cuius (m.) orbicula'ris, or simply orbicula'ris, the “circular mus- 
cle;” os (n.) orbicula're, “orbicular bone;” os lacliryma'le, “lachrymal bone;” 
Sanguina'ria (f.) Oanaden'sis (“bloodroot”), As'arum (n.) Canadcn'se (“Canada 
snakeroot, or wild ginger”). It will be seen by the foregoing examples that 
adjectives in -is are applied indifferently to masculine and feminine nouns, but if 
applied to neuter nouns the termination changes to -e. 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
List of the most important Adjectives of the Third Declension, 
Abdominalis, abdom- 
inal. 
Abnor'mis, abnormal. 
Aborig'enis, aboH- 
ginal. 
Acau'lis, stemless. 
Accidenta'lis, acci- 
dental. 
Accli'vis, sloping up- 
wards. 
A'cris, sharp. 
Agres'tis, belonging to 
afield, growing in 
the fields. 
Ala'ris, wing-like. 
Albuminen'sis, per- 
taining to albumen, 
containing albumen. 
Alluvia'lis, alluvial. 
Angnla'ris, angular. 
Animal is, animal. 
Annula'ris, annular. 
Antifebri'lis, antifeb- 
rile. 
Arciior'mis, arciform. 
Areola'ris, areolar. 
Armilla’ris, armillary. 
Arsenica'lis, arsenical. 
Arteria'lis, arterial. 
Articula'ris, articu- 
lar. 
Arven'sis, growing in 
fields. 
Auricula'ris, auricu- 
lar. 
Australis, southern. 
Axilia'ris, axillary. 
Bilia'ris, biliary. 
Borealis, northern. 
Brachia'lis, brachial. 
Bre'vis, short. 
Bronchia'lis, bron- 
chial. 
Bul'liens, boiling. 
Cunipes'tris, growing 
in a plain. 
Oanaden'sis, Canadian. 
Capilla'ris, capillary. 
Capita'lis, belonging to 
the head, capital. 
Castrcn'sis, of camps. 
Canda'lis, caudal. 
Cellula'ris, cellular. 
Centralis, central. 
Cerea'lis, cereal. 
Cerebral is, cerebral. 
Cervicalis, cervical. 
Chinon'sis. Chinese. 
Cilia'ris, ciliary. 
Colunma'ris, columnar. 
Coinmu'nis, common. 
Con'color (gen. Con- 
colo'ris), of one (or 
the. same) color. 
Contrac'tilis, contract- 
ile. 
Cordia'lis, cordial. 
Corona'lis, coronal. 
Corpuscula'ris, cor- 
puscular. 
Cortica'Iis, cortical. 
Costa'lis, costal. 
Crania'lis, cranial. 
Crura'lis, crural. 
Decli'vis, descending. 
Denta'lis, dental. 
Digitalis, digital. 
Dorsalis, dorsal. 
Duc'tilis, ductile. 
Dul'cis, sweet. 
Ebul'liens, boiling. 
Erec'tilis. erectile. 
Exuvialis, exuvial. 
Facialis, facial. 
Fascial is, fascial. 
Febri'lis .febrile. 
Femora'lis, femoral. 
Y cr't\\\a, Jertile. 
Fer'vens, hot, or boil- 
Filifbr'mis, filiform. 
Fis'silis, fissile. 
Flex'ili a, flexile. 
Flora'lis,,/iorai. 
FI u via'lis, fluvial. 
Fluviat'ilis, fluvialile. 
Foeta'lis, fetal. 
Fos'silis, fossil. 
Frag'il is, fragile. 
Frontalis, frontal. 
Genitalis, g enital. 
Grac'd is, slender, soft. 
Gran'dis, great. 
Granula'ris, granular. 
Gra'vis, heavy, severe. 
Hanna'lis, huinal. 
Horizonta'lis, horizon- 
tal. 
Humera'lis, humeral. 
Humora'lis, humoral. 
Hyemalis, wintry. 
Imbec'ilis, imbecile. 
Inimob'ilis, immova- 
ble. 
Iner'mis, unarmed. 
Infantilis, infantile. 
Inflanmmbllis, in- 
flammable. 
Infrainaxilla'ris, in- 
framaxillary. 
Infrascapula'ris, in- 
frascapular. 
Ingninnlis, inguinal. 
Intoical'aris, intercal- 
ary. 
Intercostalis, inter- 
costal. 
Interspina'lis, inter- 
spinal. 
Intent itialis, inter- 
stitial 
Intervertebra'lis, in- 
tervertebral. 
Intestina'lis, intes- 
tinal. 
J ugula'ris,,/wfl'«?ar. 
Labia'lis, labial. 
Lacliryma'lis, lachry- 
mal. 
Lactealis, lacteal. 
Larva'lis, larval. 
Lateralis, lateral. 
Lethal is, lethal. 
Linea'ris, linear. 
Littoralis, littoral. 
Lobnla’ris, lobular. 
Loca lis, local. 
Locula'ris, locular. 
Lumba'ris, lumbar. 
Luna'ris, lunar. 
Magistra'lis, magis- 
tral. 
Mala’ris, malar. 
Mammilla'ris, mam- 
mi llary. 
Mandibula'ris, man- 
dibular. 
Marginalia, marginal. 
Maxilla'ris,»naa:iYiary. 
Medicina'lis, medi- 
cinal. 
Medulla'ris, medul- 
lary. 
Menstrualis, men- 
strual. 
Mentalis, menial. 
Mercurialis, mercu- 
rial. 
Meridionalis, merid- 
ional. 
Minera'lis, mineral. 
Mi'tis, mild. 
Mola'ris, molar. 
Mulie'bris, pertaining 
to women, female. 
Multiciiu'lis, having 
many stems. 
Muscula'ris, muscular. 
Nasa'l is. nasal. 
Natura'lis, natural. 
Nctira'lis, neural. 
Neutra'lis, neutral. 
Nob'ilis, noble. 
Nodula'ris, nodular. 
Occideuta'lis, occiden- 
tal. 
Occipitalis, occipital. 
Offieiua'lis, officinal. 
Oralis, oral. 
Orbicula'ris, circular. 
Orbita'lis, orbital. 
Orienta'lis, oriental. 
Ova'lis, oval. 
Palma'ris, palmar. 
Palus'tris, belonging to 
swamps; growing in 
swamps. 
Papilla'ris, papillary. 
Parieta'lis, parietal. 
Pectina'lis, like a 
comb. 
Pectora'lis, pectoral. 
Peren'nis, perennial. 
Perinaealis, perinttal, 
Permeab'ilis, perme- 
able. 
Placenta'lis, placental. 
Planta'ris, plantar. 
Pluvia'lis, pluvial. 
Pocula'ris, pocular. 
Pola'ris, polar. 
Porteu'sis, belonging to 
Oporto, in Portugal. 
Potentia'lis, potential. 
Praten'sis, growing in 
meadows. 
Prehen'silis, prehen- 
sile. 
Primordialis, primor- 
dial. 
Puerpera'lis, puerpe- 
ral. 
Pulmona'ris, pulmo- 
nary. 
Pyramidalis, pyram- 
idal. 
Quadrangula'i'is,q««d> 
rangular. 
674 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Quadr'latera'lis, quad- 
rilateral. 
Radia'Iis, radial. 
Radicals, radical. 
Rationa'lis, rational. 
ltectangula'ris, rect- 
angular. 
Rena'lis, renal. 
Renifor'mis, reniform. 
Jtetrac'tilis, retractile. 
Rhomboida'lis, rhom- 
boidal. 
Riva'lis, growing in or 
near a stream. 
Rupes'tris, gi-owing on 
rocks. 
Saliva'ris, salivary. 
Saluta'ris, salutary. 
Saxat'ilis, growing in 
rocky places. 
Scapula'ris, scapular. 
Seiuiluna'ris, semilu- 
nar. 
Seiuiua'lis, seminal. 
Seni'lis, senile. 
Ses'silis, sessile. 
Solu'bilis, soluble. 
Spectab'ilis, admira- 
ble, worth seeing. 
Spherica'lis, spherical. 
Spina'lis, spinal. 
Spiralis, spiral. 
Stamina'lis, staminal. 
Ster'ilis, sterile. 
Sua'vis, sweet, agreea- 
ble. 
Subli'mis, superficial, 
high. 
S vlves'tri.s, growing in 
forests, sylvan. 
Synovia'lis, synovial. 
Tempora'lis, tempo- 
ral. 
Termina'lis, terminal. 
Tex'tilis, textile. 
TUerma'lis, thermal. 
Tibia'lis, tibial. 
Trachea'lis, tracheal. 
Transversa'lis, trans- 
verse. 
Triangula'ris, triangu- 
lar. 
Trifaeia'lis, trifacial. 
Trivia'lis, trivial. 
Tnbercula'ris, tuber- 
cular. 
Umbilica'lis, umbilical 
Uuguina'lis, unguinal. 
Yascula'ris, vascular. 
Ventra'lis, ventral. 
Vcrsat'ilis, versatile. 
Versic'olor (gen. Ver- 
sicolo'ris), having 
various colors. 
Vertebra'lis, vertebral. 
Yiab'ilis, viable. 
Vir'idis, green. 
Yiri'lis, of or pertain- 
ing to a man. 
Viscera'lis, visceral. 
Yita'lis, vital. 
Volat'ilis, volatile. 
Adjectives belonging to the second section (?.e. ending in two consonants) have 
the masculine, feminine, and neuter alike both in the nominative and genitive: as, 
mor'bus ser'pens, a “creeping disease;” a'rea ser'pens,* a “creeping baldness;” 
an imal ser'pens, a “creeping animal.” In the genitive, we should have mor'bi 
serpen'tis, “of a creeping disease;” a'rese serpen'tis, “of a creeping baldness;” 
animti'lis serpen'tis, “of a creeping animal.”f 
Adjectives of the third declension form the masculine and feminine plural by 
changing -is of the genitive singular into -es, and the neuter by changing it into 
-in: e.g. mu s'cuius ala'ris, a “winged or wing-shaped muscle;” ve'na ala'ris, a 
“winged vein;” os ala're, a “winged hone;” nom. pi. mus'culi ala’res, “winged 
muscles;” ve'nse alar'res, “winged veins;” os'sa ala'ria, “winged hones.” The geni- 
tive plural ends in -ium in all three genders: e.g. musculo'rum ala'rium, “of 
winged muscles;” vena'rum ala'rium, “of winged veins;” os'sium ala'rium, “of 
winged bones” (see Alaris and Alares, in the dictionary). In like manner, we 
should have, in the plural, mor'bi serpen'tes, “creeping diseases;” ve'nse serpen’tes, 
“creeping or winding veins;” anima'lia serpen'tia, “creeping animals.” 
Comparison of Adjectives. 
Adjectives of the comparative degree are of the third declension; they have the 
masculine and feminine termination in -or (declined like humor: see example on 
page 665); e.g. mi'tis, “mild,” has mi'tior in the comparative; hence, ty'pirns mi'tior, 
Singular. 
Maso. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Ser'pens, ser'pens, ser'pens, 
winding. 
Gen. Serpen'tis, serpen'tia, serpen'tis. 
Dat. Serpen'ti, serpen'ti, serpen'ti. 
Ace. Serpen'tem, serpen'tem, ser'pens. 
Voc. Ser'pens, ser'pens, ser'pens. 
Abl. Serpeu'te, serpen'te, serpen'te. 
Example of an Adjective (participle) of the Third Declension in -ns, declined in full. 
Plural. 
Mase. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
Gen. Serpen'tium, serpen'tium, serpen'tium 
(contracted serpen'tum or serpen'tflm). 
Dat. Serpen'tibns, serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus. 
Acc. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
Voc. Serpen'tes, serpen'tes, serpen'tia. 
Abl. Serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus, serpen'tibus. 
* A term used by Ceisus for a form of baldness the progress of which was supposed to 
resemble the creeping or winding of a serpent. See Ophiasis, in the dictionary. 
+ Nearly all adjectives of this termination (-ns) are in fact participles: thus. astrin'gens, 
“ astringent,” is the present participle of aslrin'go, to “ bind,” to “ contractemol'liens, “ emol- 
lient,'’ is derived in like manner from emol'lio, to “soften;” demuVcens, ‘•demulcent,” from de- 
mul’ceo, to “soothe,” etc.: likewise the examples previously given: viz , ar’dens, “burning,” 
fer'rens, “boiling,” and ser'pens, “creeping,” are from ar'deo, to “burn,” fer'veo, to “boil,” to 
“ be hot,” and ser'po, to “ creep,” respectively. 
675 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
milder typhus.” In like manner for'tie, "strong,” has in the comparative for'tior, 
"stronger;” gra'vis, “heavy,” “severe,” makes gra'vior, “severer;” ten’uis, “thin,” 
or “weak,” makes ten'uior, “weaker,” and so on. Several adjectives form the com- 
parative irregularly, but it always terminates in -or, and is declined as above stated: 
e.g. mag'nus, “ great,” has for its comparative, major, “ greater;” par'vus, “ little,” has 
mi'nor, “less;” bo'nus, “good,” me'lior, “better;” ma'lus, “bad,” pe'jor, “worse.” 
The neuter is always formed by changing the masculine and feminine termination 
(-or) into -us: as, mi'tius, gra'vius, for’tins, ma'jus, mi'mis, me'lius, inf e'rins, supe'- 
rius: hence, la'bium infe'rius, “lower lip;” la'bium supe’rius, “upper lip;” al'coliol 
for'tins, “stronger alcohol.” The genitive, dative, and ablative neuter are the 
same as the masculine: as, la'bii inferio'ris, “of the lower lip;” cum al'cohol for- 
io're, “with stronger alcohol.” 
The superlative degree of Latin adjectives usually terminates in -issimus: as, 
mitts'simus, “mildest;” gravis'simus, “severest;” fortis'aimus, “strongest;” latis'- 
simus, “broadest” (from la'tus, “broad”); but most of those adjectives (viz. mag'- 
nus, par'vus, etc.) which have an irregular comparative, form the superlative also 
irregularly: as, max'imus, “greatest;” min'imus, “least;” op'timus, “best;” pes'si- 
mus, “worst.” Su'perus, “high,” makes supre'mus (or sum'mus), “highest;” in'ferus, 
“low,” in'fmus (or i'mus), “ lowest.” 
Numeral Adjectives. 
U'nus, one. 
Du'o, two. 
Tres, three. 
Qua'tuor, four. 
Sex, six. 
Sep'tem, seven. 
Oe'to, eight. 
No'vem, nine. 
De'eem, ten. 
Un'decim, eleven. 
Duod'ecim, twelve. 
Tred'ecim, thirteen. 
Quatuor'decim, fourteen. 
Quin'decim, fifteen. 
Sex'decim, sixteen. 
Sopten'decim, seventeen. 
Octod'ccim, eighteen. 
Novem'decim, nineteen. 
Vigin'ti, twenty. 
Vigin'ti du'o, or 
Du'o et vigin'ti, 
Trigin'ta, thirty. 
Quadragin'ta, forty. 
Quinquagin'ta, fifty. 
Sexagin'ta, sixty. 
Septuagin'ta, seventy. 
Octogin'ta, eighty. 
Nonagin'ta, ninety. 
Cen'tum, a hundred. 
Mil'le, a thousand. 
twenty-two. 
Vigin'ti u'nus, or 
D'nus et vigin'ti, 
twenty-one. 
Singular. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. TJ'nus, u'na, u'num. 
Gen. Uni'us, uni'us, uni'us. 
Dat. U'ni, u'ni, u'ni. 
Unus, “ one.”* 
Singular. 
Masc. Fem. Xeut. 
Acc. U'num, u'nam, u'num. 
Yoc. U'ne, u'na, u'num. 
Abl. XJ'no, u'na, u'no. 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Du'o, du'se, du'o. 
Gen. Duo'rum, dua'rum, duo'rum. 
Dat. Duo'bus, dua'bus, duo'bus. 
Acc. Du'os, or du'as, du'o. 
du'o, 
Voc. Du'o, du'at, du'o. 
Abl. Duo'bus, dua'bus, dua'bus. 
Duo, “ two.” 
Tres, “tnree.” 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Xeut. 
Nom. Tres, tres, tri'a. 
Gen. Tri'um, tri'um, tri'um. 
Dat. Tri'bus, tri'bus, tri'bus. 
Acc. Tres, tres, tri'a. 
Yoc. Tres, tres, tri'a. 
Abl. Tri'bus, tri'bus, tri'bus. 
Singular. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Al'ter, al'tera, al'terum. 
Gen. Alteri'us, alteri'us, alteri'us. 
Dat. Al'teri, al'teri, al'teri. 
Acc. Al'terum, al'teram, al'terum. 
Yoc. Al'ter, al'tera, al'terum. 
Abl. Al'tero, al'tera, al'tero. 
Alter, “another.” 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Xeut. 
Nom. Al'teri, al'teraa, al'tera. 
Gen. Altero'rum,altera'rum, altero'rum. 
Dat. Al'teris, al'teris, al'teris. 
Acc. Al'teros, al'teras, al'tera. 
Yoc. Al'teri, al'tera', al'tera. 
Abl. Al'teris, al'teris, al'teri*. 
* To'tus, the “whole,” nul'lus, “no,” so'lus, “alone,” and ul’lus, “any,” are declined in the 
game manner. 
676 EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
Singular. 
Masc. Fem. Neut. 
Nom. Is, e'a, id, 
Gen. E'jus, e'jus, e'jus, 
Dat. E'i, e'i, e'i, 
Acc. E'um, e'am, id, 
Abl. E'o, e'a, e'o, 
Nom. Hie, haec, hoc, this. 
Gen. Hu'jus, hu'jus, hu'jus, of this. 
Dat. Huic, huic, huic (pron. lilk), 
to or for this. 
Acc. Hunc, hanc, hoc, this. 
Voc. Hie, haec, hoc, this. 
Abl. Hoc, hac, hoc, in, by, or 
with this. 
Nom. Qui, quae, quod, 
who or which. 
Gen. Cu'jus, cu'jus, cu'jus, 
whose or of which. 
Dat. Cui, cui, cui (pron. ki), 
to whom, or to which. 
Acc. Quern, qnam, quod, 
whom or which. 
Abl. Quo, qua, quo, 
in, by, or with whom or which. 
Is, ea, id, “he,” “she,” or “it.” 
Pronouns. 
Plural. 
Masc. Fem. Kent. 
Nom. I'i, e'fe, e'a. 
Gen. Eo'rum, ea'rum, eo'rum. 
Dat. E'is, or i'is, e'is, or i'is, e'is, or i'is. 
Acc. E'os, e'as, e'a. 
Abl. E'is, or i'is, e'is, or i'is, e'is, or i'is. 
Nom. ITi, has, haec, these. 
Gen. Ho'rum, ha'rum, ha'rum, of these. 
Dat. His, his, his, to on- for 
these. 
Acc. Hos, has, lieec, these. 
Voc. Ili, hae, haec, these. 
Abl. His, his, his, in, by, or with 
these. 
Nom. Qui, quae, quae, 
who or which. 
Gen. Quo'rum, qua'rum, qua'rum, 
whose or of which. 
Dat. Qui'bus, qui'bus, qui'bus, 
to whom or to which. 
Acc. Qui, quae, quae, 
whom or which. 
Abl. Qui'bus, qui'bus, qui'bus, 
in, by, or with whom or which. 
jg5©*» The lists of Latin nouns, adjectives, etc. on the foregoing pages contain, 
it is believed, all the most important words of this kind which the student will be 
likely to meet with in works relating to Anatomy, Pharmacy, etc. Especial care 
has been taken to make the lists complete with respect to Pharmacopoeial names 
and the terms commonly used in writing prescriptions.* 
It has already been shown (on page 671) that Latin adjectives change their 
terminations so as to agree with the nouns to which they are joined, in Gekder, 
Number, and Case. It is important to observe that this agreement is equally 
necessary whether the noun be understood or expressed: for example, the adjective 
te'ger (“sick,” or “suffering”) if joined with vir (a “man”) will, of course, retain 
its masculine form; if with feem'ina (a “woman”), it is changed to se’gra, accord- 
ing to the rule already explained; also, if the adjective be used without a noun, as 
is frequently the case, to denote a “patient,”f we must always write te'ger, if we 
mean a male, and te'gra, if we mean a female patient. Hence we have the following 
important rule:— 
Whenever an adjective, participle, or adjective pronoun is used without any 
noun expressed, it must invariably be put in the gender, number, and case of the 
zoun (whatever this may be) which is understood. Accordingly, all the names of 
Remarks on the Use and Application of Latin Adjectives. 
* It may be observed that the signification of the nouns is not given in the lists, because, 
with few if any exceptions, they will be found defined in the Dictionary. But, as only a part 
of the adjectives are given in the Dictionary under their own heads, and since the lists, if they 
contained the signification of only a portion, would have an irregular and unsightly appear- 
ance, it has been deemed best to give the meaning of the adjectives in all cases. 
+ “ Patient” is merely an Anglicized form of the Latin pa'tiens [from pa’tior, pas'sus, t« 
“suffer”], and signifies a “suffering” or “sick” person. 
677 the muscles formed from adjectives (of which there arc a great number), as, cru- 
rx'us, glutse'ua, hi/oglos'sus, sarto'rias, semimembrano'sus, latis'simus dor's:, quadra'- 
tus lumbo'rum, red his oc'uli, etc., must have the masculine termination, because 
mug'cuius (a “muscle”), the understood noun, is of the masculine gender. So the 
adjectives forming the names of nerves must be masculine, because ner'cus (a 
'•nerve”) is masculine: e.g. accesso'rius Willis'ii (in the plural, accesso'rii Wil- 
lis'ii), hypoglos' sus, pathet'ici, trigem'ini, etc. 
One of the most important applications of the rule above stated, is to the names 
of the divisions, classes, or orders in the different departments of science. In 
Botany the natural orders are generally formed from adjectives in -a'ceus: as, 
Acera'ceus, Clusia' ceus, Lilia'ceus, Papaoera'ceus, etc., the terminations of which are 
changed to agree with the noun plan'tx (“plants”) understood, in the nominative 
plural feminine. Accordingly, Accra'cex signifies “ [plants] allied to, or resem- 
bling, the maple;” Clusia'cex “[plants] allied to, or resembling, the Clusia;” 
Lilia'cex, those “resembling the lily;” Papaoera'cese, those “resembling the 
poppy,” etc. etc. 
It may be observed, however, that the orders of Jussieu arc, with a few excep- 
tions, named from the plural of certain nouns: as, A/era (plural of A'cer), the 
“maples;” Lil'ia (plural of Lil'ium), the “lilies;” Al'gx (plural of Al'ga), “sea- 
weeds;” Mus'd (plural of Mus'cus,) “mosses,” etc. etc. 
The Linnsean classes (which are of Greek derivation) consist of adjectives (such 
as monan'drius, “having one stamen;” pentan'drins, “having five stamens;” dec- 
an'drius, “having ten stamens,” etc.) in the neuter plural agreeing with pin/la, or 
(p»ra (the plural of phy'ton, or (j>vrov, the Greek term for a “plant”), understood. By 
some, however, they are considered to be nouns (or adjectives used as nouns, 
das'sis, a “ class,” being understood) in the feminine singular. On this supposi- 
tion, Monan'dria is equivalent to clas'sis Monan'dria, the “Monandrian class,” or 
that comprising flowers having a single stamen; Pentan'dria is the “Pentandrian 
class,” or that comprising flowers with five stamens, and so on. But it is preferable 
to consider these classes as formed of adjectives in the plural; for so they will har- 
monize with the names of the divisions and classes in Zoology, Nosology, etc., 
where they are always in the plural. 
The divisions, classes, and orders of the animal kingdom are formed of adjec- 
tives with the neuter plural termination in a; because An'imal (plural Anima'lia), 
the understood noun, is of the neuter gender: e.g. Vertebra'ta, “vcrtebrated [ani- 
mals];” Mollus'ca, “molluscous [animals];” Articula'ta, “articulated [animals];” 
Padia'ta, “radiated [animals];” Mamma'lia, “[animals] furnished with mammae;” 
Ccphalop'oda, “ [animals] having the head furnished with feet,” the designation 
of an order of mollusks, the most highly organized of all invertebrate animals (sea 
Cephalopoda, in the Dictionary). 
With respect to the classification of diseases, great diversity prevails. Cullen, 
like Jussieu, generally took the names of his classes and orders from the plurals 
of nouns: as, Pyrex'ise (plural of Pijrex'ia, a “febrile affection”), Xeuro'ses (plural 
of Neuro'sis, a “nervous disease”), Spas'mi (plural of Spas'mus, a “spasm”), 
Tumo'res (plural of Tu'mar, a “tumor”), etc.; though one of his classes, Ldca'les, 
is formed from the adjective loca'lis (“local”), mor'bi (“diseases”) being under- 
stood. Dr. Good gives a neuter termination to all his classes and orders: as, 
Hxmat'ica (from hiemat'icus, “pertaining to the blood”), Crnot'ica (''om cenot'i- 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
678 ohs, “pertaining to evacuations”),, etc. etc., the neuter noun pathem’ata (plural of 
paths'ma, an “affection,” or “disease”) being understood. But it is now, perhaps, 
more usual to put the adjective in the masculine plural, agreeing with mor’hi 
(plural of mor'bus, a “disease”): e./j. Zymot'ici, “zymotic [diseases];” Chrot'ici, 
“ skin [diseases],” etc.* 
It must he borne in mind that the rule respecting the agreement of adjectives 
with nouns (see pp. 671, 677) applies not merely to the construction of sentences, 
but even to the shortest Latin phrase which may form the name of a bone, a 
plant, or a chemical substance: as, Os (n.) innomina'tum, Cor'nus (f.) Flor'ida, 
Fer'rum redac'tum, Syru'pus fas'cut, etc. 
If, in writing any Latin name or phrase, the student should feel the slightest 
doubt, he should first ascertain the declension, gender, etc. of the word, which he can 
readily do by a reference to the lists on the foregoing pages. If the nominative 
of the noun ends in -a, it is in all probability of the first declension, feminine 
gender; let him then consult the list on page 661; if in -vm, it is of the second 
declension, neuter gender (see list on page 664); if in -us, it is probably of the 
masculine gender, second declension, in which case let him refer to the list on page 
663 (if not found there, to that on 669); for nouns of any other termination, let 
him examine the list of nouns of the third declension on pages 667 and 668, 
or to those of the fifth declension on page 670. Suppose, for example, he is in 
doubt whether to write for “washed sulphur,” sulphur lotuni or sulphur lotus: by 
turning to the list of the third declension, he will find that sulphur is neuter, and 
he will therefore know that the participle lotus, “washed,” must have the neuter 
termination in -um for the nominative case. If he wishes to use the genitive case, 
he will change sulphur to sulphuris, and lotum to loti. The application of the rule 
to botanical names is usually very easy; but it would be better in all cases of un- 
certainty for him to examine every point and make assurance doubly sure, not only 
for the satisfaction of being correct, but also that he may acquire a habit op 
accuracy, an element in the character of an accomplished physician or pharmacist, 
the importance of which can scarcely be over-estimated, f 
EXPLANATION OF LATIN TERMS, PHRASES, ETC. 
* See Dr. Farr’s classification of diseases as exhibited in Lyon’s “Hospital Practice,” and 
other works. 
•j- In a large majority of cases, botanical (and zoological) names consist of a noun constituting 
the genus, joined with an adjective (usually denoting some characteristic of the plant) forming 
the specific name: for example, in Cap'sicum an'nuum (the “ annual Capsicum”), the specific term 
annuum is used to distinguish it from other species which are biennial or perennial; so A'rum 
triphyVlum, the “three-leaved Arum,” Cincho'na pal’lida, “pale Cinchona,” etc. etc. In a 
number of instances, however, the. specific name is formed of a noun (not unfrequently the 
name of some obsolete genus), in which case it does not necessarily agree in gender with the 
generic name. The following list embraces the most important names of this class:— 
Aca'cia Cat'echu. 
Achille'a Millefo'lium. 
Aconi'tum Napel'lus. 
Ac'orus Cal'amus. 
iEs'culus llippocas'tanum. 
Agatho'tes Chiray'ta. 
Alis'ma Planta'go. 
Anio'muin Zin'giber. 
Anacyc'lus Pyr'ethrum. 
An'tliemis Cot'ula. 
Antirrlii'num Lina'ria. 
A'pium Petroseli'nuni. 
Ar'butus E'va Ur'si (or 
Aretostaph'ylos E'va Ur'si). 
Aristolo'chia Serpenta'ria. 
Artemis'ia Absin'tliium. 
Aspid'iuin Fi'lix Mas. 
Asple'nium (or Aspid'ium) Fi1 
lix Foem'ina. 
At'ropa Belladon'na. 
Balsamoden'dron Myr'rha. 
Cas'sia Fis'tula. 
Cepliae'lis Ipecacuan'ha. 
Cincho'na Calisay'a. 
Cissam'pelos Parei'ra. 
Citrul'lus Colocyn'tliis. 
Ci'tnm Auran'tium. 
Ci'trus Limet'ta. 
Convol'vulus Jala'pa. 
Convol'vulus Scainiuo'nia. 
Cro'ton Eleuthe'ria (or Cro'ton 
Cascaril'la). 
Cro'ton Tig'lium. 
Cucur'bita Pe'po. 
Cyn'ara Scol'ymus. 
Cyt'isus Scopa'rius. 
Dapli'ne Gnid'ium. 
Daph'ne Mezere'um. 
Datu'ra Stramo'nium. 
Dau'cus Caro'ta. 
Delphin'ium Consol'ida. 
Delpliin'ium Staphisa'gria. 
Eletta'ria Cardamo'nmm. 
Euge'nia(or Myr'tus) Pimeu'ta. 
Euphor'bia Ipecacuan'ha. 
679 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
In most countries of Europe, as well as in the United States, it is customary to 
write medical prescriptions in Latin. It is generally conceded that the interests 
of science are promoted by the usage which prevails among different nations, of 
writing the scientific names of plants, animals, etc. in a language which is under- 
stood, to a greater or less extent, throughout the civilized world, and which is not 
subject to the variations, and consequent uncertainty of meaning, to which all living 
languages are in some degree liable. There appears to be no good reason why the 
names or terms used in Pharmacy should constitute any exception to a principle so 
generally recognized. It has been urged as a more practical argument in favor of 
the custom of writing prescriptions in Latin, that a person travelling in foreign 
Exogo'nium Pur'ga. 
Fer'ula Assafcet'ida. 
Iled'era Ile'lix. 
Hu'mulus Lu'pulus. 
I'lex Aquifo'iium. 
In'ula Ilele'nium. 
Ipomae'a Jala'pa. 
Junip'erus Sabi'na. 
Lau'rus Sas'safras. 
Leon'todon Tarax'acum. 
Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era. 
Momor'dica Elate'rium. 
Nar'tliex Assafoet'ida. 
Nicotia'na Tab'acum. 
(Enan'the Phellan'drium. 
Pa'nax Quinquefo'lium. 
Pimpinel'la Ani'sum. 
Pimpinel'la Saxif'raga. 
Pista'cia Lentis'cus. 
Polyg'ala Sen'ega. 
Polyg'onum Bistor'ta. 
Potentil'la Tonnentil'la. 
Pterocar'pus Marsu'pium. 
Pu'nica Grana'tum. 
Py'rus Ma'lua. 
Rhus Toxicoden'dron. 
Sola'num Dulcama'ra. 
Stat'icc Limo'niura. 
Tarax'acum Dens-leo'nis. 
Theobro'ma Caca'o. 
Vera'trum Sabadil'la. 
Verbas'cnm Thap'sus. 
Ze'a Mays. 
It may be remarked that the general usage of scientific writers requires that the generic 
name should begin with a capital, but the specific name, if an adjective (and not derived from 
a proper name), should, when it occurs in a regular sentence, invariably begin with a small 
letter: as, J.Vetris farino'sa, A'rum triphyUlum, etc. Rut if the adjective is derived from some 
proper name, as Canaden’sis (from Canada), Europe/}us (from Europa), and Philadel'phicus (from 
Philadelphia), then, of course, both the specific and generic name should commence with a 
capital: as, As’arum Canaden’se, As’arum Europu/um, Erig'eron Philadclph'icum. Also, when 
the specific name, as those in the foregoing list, is a noun, it should always begin with a capital.* 
Kip The specific names of the various species of Metoe (sometimes used synonymously with 
Cantharis), all having a masculine termination (as, Metoe niger, M. vesicatorius, etc.), might 
seein at first sight to deviate from the rule that the specific term if an adjective must agree 
in gender with the generic name; for Metoe. according to all recognized rules, ought to be 
feminine. But the mistake of supposing Metoe (a term of modern origin) to be masculine, 
having been made by those who first used the word, has since been almost universally followed 
by scientific writers. So that rather than unsettle the established usage respecting this group 
of names, we ought perhaps to recognize Metoe as the sole instance of a noun ending in -e and 
forming the genitive in -es, and yet of the masculine gender. 
In a few instances the specific name of plants is formed of a noun in the genitive case: as, 
Cam'phora oficina'rum (the “Camphor of the shops”), Ca'rum Car'id (which can scarcely be 
translated, the second word being the genitive of Oar'uon, which signifies essentially the same 
as Caruni), Dri’mys Winte’ri (the “ Drimys of [Captain] Winter,” who first brought this species 
into notice), Gentia'na Catesbx'i (the “ Gentian of Catesby”), Ru'bia tincto'rum (“ Dyers’ Mad- 
der”), etc. In the foregoing examples the second noun in the genitive has the force of an adjec- 
tive : Cam’phora officina'rum may be translated “ officinal Camphor,” Gentia'na Catesbit'i, 
“ Catesbaaan Gentian;” so we say in English, “Arabian spices,” or “ spices of Arabia,” etc. 
* The specific name of the common tulip-tree (Lirioden'dron Tulipif'era) is sometimes 
written with a small letter for its initial; but this is manifestly incorrect, for though tulipif'era 
may sometimes be an adjective, it cannot be so in this connection, otherwise it must agree with 
tlie generic name in the neuter gender, and we should then have Lirioden'dron Udipif'erum. 
The fact is, that Tulipifera itself was formerly a generic name, formed of the adjective tulipif- 
erus (“tulip-bearing”), agreeing with Ar'bor (“tree”) understood. ttkg= It may here be ob- 
served that all the Latin names of trees are feminine. Lirioden'dron and Rhododen'dron, the 
only important apparent exceptions, are not properly Latin words, since they have the pore 
Greek termination in -on. Liriodendron is of modern origin; Rhododendron is to be found in 
Roman writers, but they were so averse to have the name of a tree with a neuter termination, 
that Pliny writes it Rhododen'dros, thus converting it into a feminine noun. Some of the names 
of trees are of different declensions: e.g. Cor'nus, usually of the fourth, is sometimes of the 
second; Pi'nus appears to be used about equally in the second and fourth; but the gender 
remains the same, being always feminine in the works of the best writers. 
680 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
countries, if taken sick, might die before a prescription written in his native tongue 
could be interpreted. But, whatever weight may be attached to the arguments by 
which the practice is sought to be defended, the fact that it is sanctioned by so 
large a portion of the civilized world, and that it is in a manner recognized both 
by the United States and British Pharmacopoeias, in which the officinal names 
of medicines are always given in Latin, makes it absolutely necessary for the 
student of Medicine or Pharmacy, who aspires to a respectable rank in his profession, 
to bestow some attention upon this subject. 
The word prescription is from the Latin prse, “before,” or “beforehand,” and 
•cri'bo, to “write,” and signifies, strictly speaking, something written out before- 
hand to serve as a guide or direction to others; but it is also applied to any formal 
directions, whether written or spoken, which a physician may give for promoting 
or restoring the health of his patient. He may prescribe blood-letting or exercise, 
and his directions to this effect constitute his prescription; but the application of 
the term is usually restricted to written directions (also called formulae) for com- 
pounding and administering medicines. Formulae are of two kinds, viz.: officinal, 
including the directions for the preparation of medicines published in Pharma- 
copoeias; and extemporaneous (or magistral), denoting those which the physician 
writes out for some particular occasion. 
A simple formula is one which contains but a single officinal preparation: as, 
11 Extracti Hyoscyami 5j. 
Eiant pilul® xii. 
(“Take of Extract of Hyoscyamus a drachm. Let twelve pills be made [of it].”) 
A compound formula is one containing two or more officinal preparations: as, 
91 Magnesi® Sulphatis 5ij. 
Infusi Sennse gj. 
Misce. 
(“Take of the Sulphate of Magnesia two drachms, of the Infusion of Senna an ounce. 
Mix [them].”) 
The principal medicine in a formula is termed the basis; that which assists or 
promotes the action of the basis is called an auxiliary or adjuvant (ad'juvans): that 
which corrects some objectionable quality is termed a corrective (cor'rigens); and 
that which is used to give a form convenient for administering the whole, is the 
excipient, or vehicle, or constituent (excip'iens, vehic'ulum, or constit'uens), as illus- 
trated in the following formula:— 
Jk Aloes 5ss (basis). 
Hydrargyri Chloridl Mitis gr. vj. (auxiliary). 
Olei Anisi guttas v. (corrective). 
Syrupi quantum sufficit (excipient) ut fiant pilulje xii. 
(“ Take of Aloes a half drachm, of the Mild Chloride of Mercury six grains, of Oil of Anise 
live drops, of Syrup a sufficient quantity so that twelve pills may be made.”) 
Any one who has a tolerable understanding of English grammar will have little 
difficulty in writing prescriptions correctly, if he will carefully attend to the fol- 
lowing rules and directions. 
Itri.H First.—Whenever the quantity of any medicine or material is mentioned, 
the name of the material must always be put in the genitive case: thus, in the fol- 
lowing example:— 
681 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Jk Eupatorii gj. 
Aquas Ferventis (or Bullientis) Oj. 
Macera per horas duas et cola. 
(“Take of Eupatorium an ounce, of boiling water a pint. Macerate for two hours and 
strain.”) 
Nota bene: it is necessary to write Eupatorii (not Eupatorium), and Aqua; fer- 
vent is (not Aqua fervent), since wc cannot say, in English, “an ounce Eupatorium,” 
any more than we can say, “a pint boiling water.” The genitive termination in 
the Latin is even more indispensable than the preposition “of” is in the English; 
because in certain cases the “of” may be understood if it has previously been ex- 
pressed : thus, we might say, “ Take of Eupatorium an ounce, boiling water a pint.” 
But the genitive termination in Latin can never thus be understood, but must 
always be expressed: indeed, it exactly corresponds in this respect to the regular 
form of the English possessive. It would be very ridiculous to say, in English, 
“John's and William books,” or “Cowper's and Milton poems,” on the ground that 
the s and apostrophe (which are, in fact, the English genitive or possessive termina- 
tion) are to be understood after the second name: it is equally absurd to suppose 
that the Latin genitive termination can ever be understood when not expressed. 
We have dwelt longer upon this point, because physicians not wholly ignorant of 
the Latin tongue frequently commit the ridiculous blunder here alluded to. They 
may judge how their Latin would strike a good classical scholar, from the im- 
pression made on their own minds by such specimens of English as those cited 
above. 
If the writer of a prescription cannot afford to take the trouble to be correct, it 
would perhaps be better for him to use abbreviated names or terms, thus:— 
Jfc Magnes. Sulph 5ij. 
Infus. Senn gj. 
Jfc Eupator gj. 
Aq. Fervent Oj. 
by which expedient he would, at least, shelter himself from criticism. But we would 
strongly recommend to those students wdiose ambition it is to excel in their pro- 
fession, bravely to master the difficulty at the outset, and, if they afterwards think 
proper to employ such abbreviated terms, let them do so rather to economize time 
than to conceal their ignorance. The liability to'mistakes, however, on the part of 
the druggist who puts up the prescription, is not a little increased by a resort to 
such abbreviations, and, if they are used at all, particular care should be taken 
that every letter be written distinctly. The same, or greater, caution is 
needed with respect to writing the signs for ounce, drachm, etc.; for cases might 
readily occur, in which the substitution of an ounce for a drachm of some particular 
medicine might be attended with fatal consequences. 
Many of the names used in Pharmacy are compound: as,ExtractumHyoscy ami (“ Ex- 
tract of Hyoseyamus”), Inf mum Semite (“Infusion of Senna”), Magnesite. Sulphas 
(“ Sulphate of Magnesia”). In each of these examples there is a noun in the nomi- 
native joined with one in the genitive case, the latter qualifying the former some- 
what in the manner of an adjective, for “Infusion of Senna” has precisely the same 
meaning as “Senna Infusion,” if we use “Senna” as an adjective: so Aqua Crea- 
soti, “Creasote Water” (literally, “Water of Creasote”), Aqua Rossc, “Bose Water” 
(literally, “Water of Bose”). It is to be observed that in prescriptions this qualify- 
ing noun (which is always in the genitive case, though it is sometimes put first, and 
682 sometimes second) must remain unchanged. For example: if we wish to intro- 
duce the term “Sulphate of Magnesia” (Magnesix Sulphas) into a formula, Mag- 
nesix, which is the qualifying word, must remain always in the genitive, whatever 
may be the form of the sentence in which it occurs; but the other term, Sulphas, is 
to be changed according to circumstances, or as the meaning of the writer may re- 
quire. If, as before observed, the quantity of any substance be mentioned, the sub- 
stance itself must be put in the genitive: as, “of the Sulphate of Magnesia one 
ounce” (Magnesix Sulphatis 3j). But suppose, the quantity having been previously 
determined, he should have occasion to speak of combining the “Infusion of Senna 
with Sulphate of Magnesia:” he should then write Tnfusum (or Infnsi, according to 
the nature of the sentence) Sennx cum. Magnesix Sulphate. Here it will be seen that 
while the qualifying term (Magnesix) remains the same, the other term (Sulphas) is 
put in the ablative case, being governed by the preposition cum, “with.” If the 
learner should ask why the preposition does not govern Magnesix, seeing it comes 
next to it, the answer is that the sense, or meaning, forbids it: the meaning is “ with 
the sulphate,” not “with magnesia,” the latter term being governed in the geni- 
tive by “of.” Should we put “magnesia” in the ablative and “sulphate” in the 
genitive, we should have “with magnesia of sulphate,” which is simply non- 
sense.* 
It may here be remarked that in Latin it matters comparatively little in what 
order the words stand, provided each is in its proper case: thus, we may say Sul- 
phas Magnesix, or Magnesix Sulphas, though the latter is more usual. AVe might 
also say either Cum Sulphate Magnesix, or Cum Magnesix Sulphate, since, whichever 
arrangement of words we use, the eases of each remain the same. So, frequently, 
in English, we may change the order of the words, provided we preserve the sense. 
We may say either the “brain’s base,” or the “base of the brain,” “hartshorn” 
(hart’s horn), or the “horn of the hart;” but the Latin language admits of trans- 
position to a much greater extent, even when precisely the same words are made 
use of. Thus, for the “ Compound Powder of Rhubarb,” we might say, in Latin, 
either Compositus Pulvis Rhei, Rhei Compositus Pulvis, Pulvis Compositus Rhei, Rhei 
Pulvis Compositus, or Pulvis Rhei Compositus, and the meaning would be precisely 
the same whichever arrangement of tho words we might adopt. But, though each 
form is grammatically correct, euphony requires the last; for by either of the other 
arrangements the two words pulvis and compositus, both ending in *, would come 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
* To make this subject perfectly clear, it may be well to restate the same principle in different 
words. When it is directed to put any compound name into the genitive, accusative, etc., the 
direction always has reference, to that part which is in the nominative, as the name stands in 
the Pharmacopoeia. Thus, in the following examples, Pbtas'sse Carbo’nas, Decoc’tum Chimaph'i- 
he, Extrac’tum Can’nabis Purifica’tum, etc., “Carbonas,” “Decoctum,” and “ Extraetum purifi- 
catum” would alone be changed; if to the genitive, we should have “Carbonatis,” “Decocti,” 
and “ Extract! purificati” (for, as “ pnrificatum” agrees with “ Extraetum,” it must change with 
it); if to the ablative, “Carbonate,” “ Decocto,” and “Extracto purificato.” 
ftt)-' Some compound Pharmacopeeial names consist of a noun joined with one or more adjec- 
tives: as, Syru'pus Toluta'nus (U.S. Ph.), “Syrup of Tolu;” Vi’num Antimrmia'le (Br. Ph.), 
“Antiinoniai Wine;” Pilu'lte Pathar'ticse Compos'itie (U.S. Ph.), “Compound Cathartic Pills.” 
In writing such names, it is only necessary to take care that the adjective always agrees with 
the noun in number, gender, and case. If the noun is put in the genitive, the adjective must 
be so likewise: as, IJk Syrupi Tolutani ituidundam (“Take of Syrup of Tolu a fluidounce”); 
Yini Antimemia'lis Jluidrachmam (“Take of Antimonial Wine a fluidraclim”). It is to be 
observed that Toluta'nus (“ of, or pertaining to, Tolu”) is declined like la'tus (page 672), and 
Antimonia'le like mi'te (neuter of mi'tis, page 673). But, should we have occasion to say, “To 
this mixture add the Syrup of Tolu,” then both noun and adjective must be put in the accusa- 
tive, as follows: Huic misturse adds Syrupum Tolutanum. 
683 together, producing a disagreeable alliteration. True, this might also be avoided 
by the form L'ompositus Rhci Pulvis; but it is usually considered preferable in Latin 
to place the noun before the adjective or participle.* 
Variations with respect to the arrangement of the different words in a phrase 
are, in fact, not uncommon. Thus, for the “Bark of Pomegranate Root,” our Phar- 
macopoeia has Granati Radicis Cortex, while tho Prussian Pharmacopoeia (referred 
to in a note on page 666) has Cortex Radicis Granati; other similar examples 
might be cited. 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Rule Second.—The terms which indicate the quantity of any material in the 
prescription—such, for example, as “pound,” “ounce,” “drachm,” “scruple,” 
“grain,” “pint,” “drop,” or “minim,” etc.—must invariably be put in the accusative 
case, being directly governed by the active verb reciqoe, “take.”f Although these 
measures of quantity are usually represented by signs (as 5, 5, 9, 0, etc.), which can 
have no distinction of case, yet the student ought to be able to write them out should 
occasion require : for if he is acquainted only with the signs, he will scarcely be 
able to read a prescription written out in full, and cases might occur in which this 
would be highly important: thus, he might be applied to to interpret a prescription 
written by another physician. He who would aspire to an honorable rank in his 
profession, whether as a physician or pharmacist, must not be content with know- 
ing merely what is absolutely necessary, but should use every means within his 
power to become thoroughly accomplished in the different branches of his vocation. 
In order clearly to explain the application of the rules .above given, it may be 
useful to cite a number of examples. Suppose one should wish to write out in full 
the Latin of the following:— 
Take of Sulphate of Magnesia two drachms, 
of Infusion of Senna a fluidounce. 
Mix. 
Now, according to Rule First, the material itself must be put in the genitive: we 
should then have Magnesite Sulphatis (the genitive of Magnesite Sulphas), and Infusi 
Sennx (the genitive of Infusum Sennee). According to Rule Second, the word de- 
noting the quantity must be put in tho accusative: therefore we must write drachmas 
(the accusative plural of drachma, a “drachm:” see the declension of Vena on 
page 661), and fluidunciam (the accusative singular of fluiduncia, a “fluidounce.”) 
The whole, written out in full, without signs or abbreviations, would then stand as 
follows:— 
Recipe Magnesia? Sulphatis drachmas duas 
Infusi Senna; fluidunciam. 
Misce. 
The principle is, of course, the same however the quantities may vary: thus, we 
might substitute six drachms for tico, and three ounces for one, in which ease tho 
* Compare the following names occurring in the United States Pharmacopoeia,—Pilulx Sapo- 
nis Compositse (“Compound Pills of Soap”): Tcnctura Opii Actinia (“Acetated Tincture of 
Opium”), Mistura Fern Composita (“Compound Mixture of Iron”), Infusum Gentiarue Composi- 
turn(“ Compound Infusion of Gentian”), Hydrargyrum Ammrmiatum (“ Ammoniated Mercury”), 
Hydrargyri Oxidum Rnbrum (“ lied Oxide of Mercury”), in all of which the participle or adjec- 
tive is placed after the noun. 
f It will be seen that the principle is precisely the same as in English grammar: thus, when 
we say, in English, “Take of Infusion of Senna an ounce,” it is not tlio noun “Infusion,” but 
“ ounce,” which is governed in the objective by the verb “ take;” “ Infusion” being governed by 
the preposition “of.” 
684 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
noun “fluidounee” (fluiduncia) would still be in the accusative, the only change 
being from the singular to the plural, while the terms representing the materials 
would remain unchanged. The prescription would then stand— 
Recipe Magnesia; Sulphatis drachmas sex.* 
Infusi Sennas fluiduncias tres. 
Misce. 
Again: suppose we wish to put into Latin the following:— 
Take of the Carbonate of Magnesia a drachm, 
of the Powder of Rhubarb fifteen grains, 
of Peppermint Water two fluidounces. 
Let a mixture be made, of which a tablespoonful may bo given every two hours. 
We must first put the materials in the genitive. Magnesite Carbonas will then he 
changed to Magnesise Carbonatis; Pulvis Rhei, to Pulveris Rhei; Aqua Menthce Pi- 
peritse, to Aqute Menthse Piperitse. The quantities being put in the accusative, 
drachma is changed to drachmam, granum to grana (the accusative plural), fluid- 
uncia to fluiduncias (also accusative plural). The prescription would then stand— 
Magnesiae Carbonatis drachmam. 
Pulveris Rhei grana quindecim. 
Aqua; Mentha; Piperita: fluiduncias duas. 
Fiat mistura, cujus detur cochleare magnum omni bihorio. 
Again, write the following in Latin:— 
Take of the Mixture of Ammoniac three fluidounces. 
of the Tincture of Castor half a fluidrachm. 
of Syrup of Tolu half a fluidounce. 
of Tincture of Opium five drops, 
of Cinnamon Water a fluidounce. 
Let a mixture be made. Of this a dessert-spoonful may be taken every three hours. 
Putting the materials in the genitive, we shall have to change Mistura Ammoni- 
aci to Misturse Ammoniaci, Tinctura Castorei to Tincturse Castorei, Syrupus Tolu- 
tanus to Syrupi Tolutani, Tinctura Opii to Tincturse Opii, and Aqua Cinnamomi to 
Aquse Cinnamomi. Putting the quantities in the accusative, we must write, for 
“three fluidounces,” fluiduncias tres; “half a fluidrachm,” fluidrachmam dimi- 
diam “half a fluidounce,” fluidunciam dimidiam“five drops,” guttas quinque; 
“a fluidounce,” fluidunciam. 
The whole prescription would then be as follows:— 
Recipe Misturae Ammoniaci fluiduncias tres. 
Tinctura; Castorei fluidrachmam diraidiam. 
Syrupi Tolutani fluidunciam dimidiam. 
Tincture Opii guttas quinque. 
Aqua; Cinnamomi fluidunciam. 
Fiat mistura. Ilujus sumatur cochleare medium omni trihorio. 
* The learner will bear in mind that the Latin numerals after Ires (“ three”) are indeclina- 
ble; that is, the termination remains the same through all the cases. 
t It is to be observed that in Latin they rarely say the “half of a thing,” but commonly use 
‘half,” as well as “whole,” simply as an adjective: thus, they say totus orbis, the “whole 
world,” urbs tota, the “whole city:” in like manner, they would say dimidius orbis (or orbis 
dimidius), “half the world,” urbs dimidia, “half the city,” Ac. In writing, however, the 
phrase an “ounce and a half,” they do not say unciam et dimidiam, but usually unciam (or 
yncia) cum semisse, an “ounce together with [its] half.” They likewise say sesquiuncia and 
tcscuncia (see page 691). 
685 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
It will be observed that in the last two examples, directions have been added 
respecting the do3e, and the time when it should be taken. It is, however, gene- 
rally preferable—and it is the almost universal custom in this country—to write 
the directions in English. The latter part of these prescriptions might then be 
changed as follows:— 
Fiat mistura. Sign a.* Let a tablespoonful be given every two hours. 
Fiat mistura. Signa.* Let a dessert-spoonful of this bo taken every three hours. 
As, however, the United States have become a place of resort for persons from 
every part of the world, and it is, therefore, important that our physicians and 
pharmacists should not be wholly ignorant of the customs of other countries, the 
two following rules relating to the proper mode of writing Latin directions, have 
been added. 
Rule Third.—In the directions appended to a prescription, the terms used for 
the purpose of indicating the time when (or at which) the medicine should be 
taken, must be put in the ablative case.f For example: — 
Ft Mass® de hydrargyro grana sex. 
Opii grana tria. 
Permisce (vel misce accurate) et divide in pilulas duodecim. Ilarum una sumatur omni 
nocte. 
(“Take of Blue Mass (literally, “of the mass [prepared] from Mercury”)six grains, 
of Opium three grains. 
Mix thoroughly (or mix carefully) and divide into twelve pills. Of these let one be taken 
every night.”) 
Recipe Decocti Cetrari® octarium. 
Ilujus sumatur poculum omni trihorio. 
(“Take of Decoction of Iceland Moss a pint. Of this let a cupful be taken every three 
hours.”! 
Recipe Magnesite drachmam. 
Aquae Mentha; Piperita; fluiduncias sex. 
Misce. 
Capiat cochleare minimum omni bora. 
(“ Take of Magnesia a drachm. 
of Peppermint Water six fluidounces. 
Mix [them]. 
Let him [the patient] take a teaspoonful every hour.”) 
So, if we have occasion to use for the same purpose such terms as the follow- 
ing, “half an hour” (semiho'ra), an “hour and a half” (sesquiho'ra), “two hours” 
(biho'rium) [i.e. the “space of two hours”], “three hours” (triho'rium), these Latin 
nouns (with their adjectives) must bo put in the ablative: e.g. om'ni semiho'rd, 
“every half-hour,” omni bihorio, “every two hours,” quarto, qudque hord, “every 
fourth hour,” qudque semihord, “every half-hour,” qudque sesquihord, “every hour 
and a half,” etc. etc. So, if we should wish to say, “at night,” we must write*noc'te 
(the ablative of uojc, “night”), “at evening,” ves'pere (the ablative of vesper), etc. 
In like manner, we say hord somni, “at the hour of sleep,” or hord deeubitfis, “at 
* The imperative mood of signo, to “ mark,” or “ write.” 
f Mane, “in the morning,” commonly regarded as an adverb, is perhaps the ablative case of 
some obsolete noun. Vespere, “in the evening,” though usually called an adverb, appears to be 
nothing more than the ablative singular of vesper, “ evening,” a noun of the third declension. 
686 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the hour (or time) of going to bed,” that is, “at bedtime;” hard scxtd,“at the sixth 
hour,” or at six o’clock; media node, “at midnight.” If we use the noun in the 
plural, the rule is the same: e.g. altcrnis diebis, “every other day:” literally, “on 
alternate days;” singulis noctibus, “in each of the nights,” that is, “every night;” 
in all of which examples, as it will be seen, the noun and adjective (whenever it 
has an adjective) are put in the ablative. 
Rule Fourth.—Nouns or adjectives showing how loxg any process or course is 
to be continued, must be put in the accusative, usually governed by per, “through,” 
“during,” or “for:” as, maccra per horcim, “macerate for an hour,” continuetur per 
sex dies, “let it be continued for six days,” coqueper quadrantem horse, “boil for a 
quarter of an hour,” etc. 
Prepositions governing the Accusative. 
Ad, to, or at; also, according to: as, ad defec- 
tii/nem an'imi, “ to fainting.” 
An'te, before: as, an'te decu’bitum, “before 
lying down:” i.e. before going to bed. 
Con'tra, against: as, can'tra ver'mes, “ against 
wormsi.e. anthelmintic. 
In, when it signifies to, or into,* governs the 
accusative: as, te.'re in pul'verem, “ rub or 
grind to a powder;” contun'de in mas1sam, 
“ beat into a mass.” 
In'fra, below: as, in'fra or'bitam, “below or 
beneath the orbit.” 
In'ter. between: as, in'ter scap'ulas, “ between 
the shoulders.” 
Iu'tra, in, or within: as, in lin'teum consu'tum, 
“sewed up in linen” (applied to certain 
powders, poultices, etc.). 
Per, through, by, during, for: as,per ho'ram, 
“ for an hour,” etc. 
Post, after: as, post par1 turn, “after parturi- 
tion.” 
Pne'ter, beyond, exceeding: as, prx'ter natu'- 
ram, “ beyond or contrary to [the usual 
course of] nature.” 
Seeun'dum, according to: as, secun'dum ar'tem, 
“according to [the rules] of art.” 
Sub, near, towards: as, sub fi’nem, “ near the 
end.” 
Su'per, on, or upon: as, su'per pan'num (or 
alu'tam) exten'de, “spread upon cloth (or 
leather).” 
Prepositions governing the Ablative. 
A, ah, or abs,./Vo»i, by: as, vis a ter1 go, “ force 
from behind;” ab ed par'te, “from that part.” 
Cum, with: as, hydrar’gyrum cum cre'td, 
“ mercury with chalk.” 
Do, from, of: as, de di'e in di'em, “ from day to 
day.” 
E, or ex, out, from, out of: as, detraha'tur e 
brach'io san'guis, “ let blood be drawn from 
the arm;” mas’sa ex hydradgyro, “mass 
[prepared] out of mercury.” 
In, when it signifies simply in or on* (and can- 
not be rendered by into): as, in ventric'ulo, 
“in the stomach;” in u'tero, “in the ute- 
rus.” 
Pro, for, according to: as, suma'tur pro poltu, 
“ let it bo taken for [or as] a drink;” pro re. 
na'td, “according to circumstances.” 
Sub, when it signifies simply under or beneath, 
without any idea of motion to or towards a 
place or thing (see note to In). 
The table following comprises the most important of those Latin verbs which 
are likely to be used in writing prescriptions, directions, etc. By observing the 
power or signification of the different moods and tenses, as explained at the begin- 
ning of the table (see Do, da're, Co'lo, cola're, etc.), the learner will be able to apply 
the same to such other verbs as he may meet with. Thus, if he knows that det'raho 
signifies to “draw” (compare ex'traho, of the third conjugation), he would know 
that det'rahat must mean “he may draw,” or “let him draw,” and detraha'tur (in 
* To make the proper distinction between in governing the accusative, and in governing the 
ablative, at first seems difficult; but it is only necessary to consider the sense in which it is used. 
Whenever there is an idea of passing or changing from onc place or state into another, in is fol- 
lowed by the accusative: e.g. reeVige in pul'verem, “ reduce to powderhere, the idea implies a 
change from one state to another; so injicia'tur in ventridulum, “let it bo thrown into the 
stomach,’- in which case the change is from one place to another. But if we speak of a thing 
being already in a certain place or state, the preposition is invariably followed by the ablative: 
as, in centric!ulo, “ in the stomach;” in u’tero, “ in the uterus;” in pul’vere, “ in powder or 
dust.’’ In English, speaking familiarly, we sometimes use “ in” for “ into,” but in writing Latin 
we must always consider the idea as above explained; for, whether we say, pour the liquor in 
the bottle, or into the bottle, the meaning is the same; therefore we must say in Latin, fun’de 
iiquo’rem in lage’nam, never in lage'nd. 
687 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Infinitive. 
Subjunctive present. 
Future participle. 
Past participle. 
da'ri, to “be 
given.” 
de'tur,* it ** may be given,” 
“let [it] be given,” or “ let 
[there] be given.” 
dan'dus. to “ be 
given.” 
da'tus, “given.” 
cola'ri. to “be 
strained.” 
cole'tur,* it “ may be strained," 
“ let [it] be strained,” or “ let 
[there] be strained.” 
colan'dus, to 44 be 
strained.” 
cola'tus,4 4 strained." 
administra'ri. 
administre'tur. 
administran'dus. 
administra'tus. 
agita'ri. 
agite'tur. 
agitan'dus. 
agita'tus. 
applica'ri. 
applice'tur. 
applican'dus. 
applica'tus. 
continua'ri. 
continue'tur. 
continuan dus. 
eontinua'tus. 
evapora'ri. 
evapore'tur. 
explore'tur. 
inhale'tur. 
evaporan'dus. 
evapora'tus. 
explora'ri. 
exploran'dus. 
explora'tus. 
inhala'tus. 
inhala'ri. 
inhalan'dus. 
macera'ri. 
maoere'tur. 
maceran'dus. 
macera'tus. 
manduca'ri. 
manduce'tur. 
manducan'dus. 
manduca'tus. 
para'ri. 
pare'tur. 
paran'dus. 
para'tus. 
pota'ri. 
pote'tur. 
potan'dus. 
pota'tus and po'tus. 
prsep'ari. 
priepare'tur. 
prseparan'dus. 
praepara'tus. 
pulvera'ri. 
pulvere'tur. 
purge'tur. 
pulveran'dus. 
pulvera'tus. 
purga'ri. 
purgan'dus. 
renovan'dus. 
purga'tus. 
renova'ri. 
renove'tur. 
renova'tus. 
serva'ri. 
serve'tur. 
servan'dus. 
serva'tus. 
signa'ri. 
signe'tur. 
signan'dus. 
signa'tus. 
usurpa'ri. 
usurpe'tur. 
usurpan'dus. 
usurpa'tus 
admove'ri, 44 to 
admovea'tur, 44 it may be ap- 
admoven'dus, 14 to 
admo'tus, 44 ap* 
be applied.” 
plied,” “let lit] be applied,” 
or “ let [there] be applied.” 
be applied.” 
plied.” 
adhibe'ri. 
adhibea'tur. 
adhiben'dus. 
adhib'itus. 
admis'ceri. 
admiscea'tur. 
admiscen'dus. 
admix'tus, or ad- 
mis'tus. 
i auge'ri. 
augea'tur. 
augen'dus. 
auc'tus. 
| cave'ri. 
cavea'tur. 
caven'dus. 
cau'tus. 
j cie'ri. 
ciea'tur. 
cien'dus. 
ci'tus. 
| commisce'ri. 
commiscea'tur. 
• commiscen'dus. 
commix'tus, or com* 
mis'tus. 
exhibe'ri. 
exhibea'tur. 
exhiben'dus. 
exhib'itus. 
fove'ri. 
fovea'tur. 
foven'dus. 
fo'tus. 
i misce'ri. 
miscea'tur. 
miscen'dus. 
mix'tus, or mis'tus. 
move'ri. 
movea'tur. 
moven'dus. 
mo'tus. 
! permisce'ri. 
permiscea'tur. 
permiscen'dus. 
permix'tus, or per- 
mis'tus. 
1 promove'ri. 
1 
promovea'tur. 
promoven'dus. 
promo'tus. 
a 
Jj 
S3 
a 
-3 
a 
•3 
a 
a 
►» 
3 
3 
8) 
3 
to 
a 
w 
§ 
3 
-3 
a 
a 
Jj 
►» 
a 
a 
>» 
a 
•3 
g’k 
.i a 
to a 
4) 43 
■° a 
as 
‘Sb’So 
as 
•c JS 
3 > 
g a* 
*!a 
a ** 
2 3> 
Jaj; 
*& 
Passive Voice. 
Indicative present. Infinitive present. 
Imperative. 
Subjunctive pres. 
Do, da're, to “ give." 
da, “ give." 
det,* he “ may 
give," or “let 
[him] give.” 
co'let,* he “mav 
Co'lo, cola're, to “ strain.” 
co'la, 
“ strain.” 
strain,” or “let 
[him] strain." 
ad miuis'tret. 
Adminis'tro, administrate, to “ administer.” 
adminis'tra. 
Ag'ito, agitate, to “ shake." 
ag'ita. 
ag'itet. 
Ap'plico, applicate, to “apply.” 
ap'plica. 
ap'plicet. 
Contin'uo, continua're, to “continue. ’ 
contin'ua. 
contin'uet. 
Evapo'ro, evapora're, to “evaporate.” 
evapo'ra. 
evapo'ret. 
Explo'ro, explora're, to “examine.” 
Inha'lo, inhala're, to “ inhale.” 
explo'ra. 
explo'ret. 
inha'let. 
inha'la. 
Maf'ero, macerate, to “macerate." 
mag'era. 
mac'eret. 
Mandu'co, manducate, to “ chew.” 
mandu'ca. 
mandu'cet. 
Pa'ro, para're, to “prepare." 
pa'ra. 
pa'ret. 
Per'sto, -a're, to “ persevere," or “continue." 
per'sta. 
per'stet. 
Po'to, pota're, to “drink.” 
po'ta. 
po'tet. 
Praep'aro, pneparate, to “ prepare.” 
praep'ara. 
pruep'aret. 
Pul'vero, pulverate, to “ pulverize." 
pul'vera. 
pul'veret. 
Pur'go, purgate, to “ purge.” 
pur'ga. 
pur'get. 
Ren'ovo, renovate, to “ renew." 
ren'ova. 
ren'ovet. 
Ser'vo, servate, to “ keep.” 
ser'va. 
ser'vet. 
Sig'uo, signate, to “ mark," or “ write." 
sig'na. 
sig'net. 
Sto, sta're, to “ stand.” 
sta. 
stet. 
Usur'po, usurpa're, to “ use," or “ take." 
usur'pa. 
usur'pet. 
Admo'veo. admove're, to “apply" (literally, to 
ad'move, 
admo'veat,* he 
“ move to'). 
“ apply.” 
“ may apply," or 
“let [him] apply." 
Adhib'eo, adhibete, to “apply,” to “give." 
Admis'ceo, admisce're, to “mix with.” 
ad'hibe. 
adhib'eat. 
admis'ce. 
admis'ceat. 
Au'geo, auge're, to “ increase” or “ augment." 
Ca'veo, cavete, to “ take care" or “ beware,” to 
au'ge. 
au'geat. 
cave'at. 
ca've. 
“ shun.” 
Cie'o, cie're, to “ excite." 
ci'e. 
ci'eat. 
Commis'ceo, commiscete, to “ mix with," or to 
commis'ce. 
“mix together.” 
Exhib'eo, -e're, to “administer." 
ex'hibe. 
exhib'eat. 
Fo'veo, fove're, to “ foment,” or “ apply fomenta- 
fo've. 
fo'veat. 
tions to.” 
Mis'ceo, misce're, to “mix." 
mis'ce. 
mis'ceat. 
Mo'veo. move're, to “move,” to “stir." 
mo've. 
mo'veat. 
Permis'ceo, pei misce're, to “ mix through" or 
permis'ce. 
permis'ceat. 
“ mix thoroughly.” 
Promo'veo, -e're, to “ excite,” or “ promote.” 
Respon'deo, responde're, to “answer,” as when 
a medicine produces the effect desired. 
promo've. 
promo'veat. 
respon'deat. 
respon'de. 
Active Voice. 
First Conjugation. 
Second Conjugation. 
688 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Infinitive. 
Subjunctive present. 
Future participle. 
Past participle. 
| ad'jici, to be 
“ added.” 
adjiyia'tur, it “ may be added,” 
“let [it] be added,” or “let 
[there] be added.” 
adjifien'dus, to “be 
added.” 
adjec'tus, “ added.” 
ad'di. 
adda'tur. 
adden'dus. 
ad'ditus. 
! appo'ni. 
appona'tur. 
apponen'dus. 
appos'itus. 
! bS'bi. 
biba'tur. 
bibcn'dus. 
bib'itus. 
1 ca'pi. 
capia'tur. 
capien'dus. 
cap'fcus. 
collua'tur. 
colluen'dus. 
ccllu'tus. 
conci'di. 
concida'tur. 
conciden'dus. 
couci'sus. 
concutia'tur. 
concutien'dus. 
concus'sus. 
con'fici. 
conficia'tur. 
conficien'dus. 
confec'tus. 
contera'tur. 
conteren'dus. 
contri'tus. 
1 contun'di. 
contunda'tur. 
contunden'dus. 
contu'sus. 
co'qui. 
eoqua'tur. 
coquen'dus. 
coc'tus. 
! de'coqui. 
decoqua'tur. 
decoquen'dus. 
decoe'tus. 
dig'eri. 
div'idi. 
digera'tur. 
digeren'dus. 
diges'tus. 
divida'tur. 
dividen'dus. 
divi'sus. 
ex'primi. 
exprima'tur. 
exprimen'dus. 
expres'sus. 
extraha'tur. 
extrahea'dus. 
extrac'tus. 
fi'at.* 
faciea'dus. 
fac'tus. 
fun'di. 
funda'tur. 
funden'dus. 
fu'sus. 
manda'tur. 
manden'dus. 
man's us. 
mit'ti. 
mitta'tur. 
mitten'dus. 
mis'sus. 
po'ni. 
pona'tur. 
ponen'dus. 
pos'itus. 
prsescri'bi. 
praescriba'tur. 
pracscriben'dus. 
praescrip'tus. 
rada'tur. 
raden'dus. 
ra'sus. 
rec'ipt. 
red'igi. 
rep'eti. 
recip'iatur. 
recipieu'dus. 
redigen'dus. 
recep'tus. 
rediga'tur. 
repeta'tur. 
redac'tus. 
repiteu'dus. 
repeti'tus. 
sol'vi. 
solva'tur. 
solven'dus. 
solu'tus. 
su'mi. 
suma'tur. 
sumen'dus. 
sump'tus. 
te'ri. 
tera'tur. 
teren'dus. 
tri'tus. 
u'ri. 
ura'tur. 
ureu'd us. 
us'tus. 
vo'mi. 
voma'tur. 
vomen'dus. 
vom'itus. 
deglutl'ri. 
deglutia'tur. 
deglutien'dus. 
degluti'tus. 
hauri'ri. 
hauria'tur. 
haurien'dus. 
haus'tus. 
1 parti'ri. 
partia'tur. 
partien'dus. 
parti'tus. 
* Properly speaking, facio has no passive form, this being supplied by the irregular neuter verb fio, which will be noticed more particularly on next page. 
The infinitive and future participle passive—e.g. dari and dandus, colari and colandus, etc.—are translated into English by the same words, “to be given,” “to be strained,” 
but there is an essential difference between the two: the first is the simple infinitive, as occurs in such phrases as the following:—■jussit dari, “ he ordered it to be given ;” potest facile 
colari, “ it can easily be strained but the other always implies that something must or ought to be done: as, Hujus misturce daiida sunt cochlearia duo, “ of this mixture two spoonfuls 
are to be given,” or “ must be given.” 
Passive Voice. 
Indicative present. Infinitive present. 
Imperative. 
Subjunctive pres. 
Adjif'io, adjis'ere, to ** add,” or “ add to.” 
ad'jice. 
he “ may 
Ad'do, ad'dere, to “ add.” 
ad'de. 
add,” or “let 
[him] add.” 
ad'dat. 
Appo'no, appo'nere, to “ put to,” or “apply.” 
appo'ne. 
ap'ponat. 
Bi'bo, bib'ere, to “ drink.” 
bi'be. 
bi'bat. 
Ca'pio, cap'ere. to “ take.” 
ea'pe. 
ca'piat. 
col'luat. 
Col'luo, -ere, to “ wash,” or “ wash thoroughly.” 
Conci'do, conci'dere, to “slice,” or “cut into 
col'lue. 
conci'de. 
conci'dat. 
small pieces.” 
Concu'do, concu'tere, to “shake,” or “agitate.” 
con'cute. 
concu'tiat. 
Confiv'io, contty'ere, to “makeup,” or “make” 
con'fice. 
conllf'iat. 
(literally to “ make together”). 
Con'tero, conter'ere, to “ rub together.” 
Coutun'do, coutun'dere, to “beat together,” to 
con'tere. 
con'terat. 
contun'de. 
“ bruise.” 
Co'<Juo, coq'uere. to “boil,” or “cook.” 
co'que. 
co'quat. 
De'coquo, decoq'uere, to “ boil dowu.” 
de'eoque. 
de'coquat. 
Dig'ero, diger'ere, to “digest. ’ 
Div'ido, divid'ere, to “ divide.” 
dig'ere. 
div'ide. 
dig'erat. 
div'idat. 
Kx'primo, -ere, to “ press out,” or “ express.” 
ex'prime. 
ex'primat. 
Ex'traho, extrah'ere, to “ extract.” 
ex'trahe. 
Fa$'io, fa$'ere, to “make.” 
fac. 
fay'iat. 
Fuu'do, fun'dere, to “ pour.” 
Man'do, man'dere, to “chew.” 
man'de. 
man'dat. 
Mit'to, mit'tere, to “send,” to “cause to pass.” 
mit'te. 
mit'tat. 
Po'no, po'nere, to “ put,” or “ place.” 
po'ne. 
po'nat. 
Prasscri'bo, priescri'bere, to “prescribe.” 
prajscri'be. 
przescri'bat. 
ra'dat. 
Ra'do, rad'ere, to “scrape,” or “rasp.” 
ra'de. 
Recip'io, recip'ere, to “take.” 
reg'ipe. 
recip'iat. 
Red'igo, redig'ere, to “reduce.” 
red'ige. 
rep'ete, 
red'igat. 
Rep'eto, repet'ere, to “ repeat.” 
Sol'vo, sol'vere, to “dissolve.” 
rep'etat. 
sol've. 
sol'vat. 
Su'mo, su'mere, to “take.” 
su'me. 
su'mat. 
Te'ro, ter'ere. 
te're. 
U'ro, u'rere, to “ burn.” 
u're. 
Vo'rno, vom'ere, to “vomit.” 
vo'me. 
vo'mat. 
Deglu'tio, degluti're. to “ swallow.” 
deglu'ti. 
deglu'tiat. 
Dor'mio, dormi're, to “sleep.” 
dor'mi. 
dor'miat. 
Hau'rio, hauri're, to “drink.” or “swallow.” 
hau'ri. 
Par'tio, parti're, to “divide.” 
par'd. 
par'tiat. 
Active Voice. 
Third Conjugation. 
4th. 
689 ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
the passive), “it may be drawn,” or “let it be drawn.” So rejig'to, to “reject” 
(compare adjig'io), if put in the subjunctive present (rejig'iat), would signify “he 
[or it] may reject;” in the passive (rejicia'tur), “it may be rejected,” etc. So 
ejig'io, to “eject;” injig'io, to “inject [or throw into],” etc. etc. It is important, 
however, always to note the conjugation to which a verb belongs; for while those 
of the first conjugation form the present subjunctive third person in -et (or -ent), 
the others form it in -at (or -ant). We need scarcely remark, that if the student 
wishes fully to master this branch of the subject, he will have to commence the 
study of Latin in earnest, which, indeed, he ought by all means to do, if his cir- 
cumstances and time permit. The comparatively brief instructions here given, are 
intended for those who have not time to study the subject very fully; or else to 
teach such as may already possess some knowledge of Latin, how to apply that 
knowledge most advantageously in their medical and pharmaceutical studies. 
It should be observed that the third person plural of the subjunctive present (as 
well as of several other tenses) is formed by inserting n before the t of the singu- 
lar: thus, det, “he may give;” dent, “they may give;” so ca'piat or su'mat, “he 
may take;” ca'piant or su'mant, “they may take.” In like manner, in the passive, 
n is added to form the plural: accordingly, de'tur, capia'tur, suma'tur, are changed 
to den'tur, capian'tur, suman'tur, etc. 
Fi'o, fi'eri, an irregular verb, signifying to “be made,” to “become," to “be,” is 
much used in prescriptions, but nearly always in the subjunctive present: as, singu- 
lar, ji'at, “it may be made,” “let it be made,” or “let there be made;” plural, 
Ji'ant, “they may be made,” “let them be made,” or “let there be made:” e.g.Ji'at 
mistu'ra, “let a mixture be made;” ji'ant pilu'lee duod'ccim, “let twelve pills bo 
made,” etc. 
The following are some of the most important Latin terms and phrases (not 
hitherto explained) used in prescriptions, directions, etc.:— 
Abseil'te fe'bre, “ fever being absent” (or “in 
the absence of fever”). 
Ad lib'Hum, “ at or according to the pleasure 
[of the patient].” 
Adstan'te fe'bre, “ fever being present.” 
A I'iquot (indeclinable), “some,” “several.” 
A'na (abbreviated aa), “ of each.” See Ana, 
in the Dictionary. 
Bid'uum, “ the space of two days.” 
Bis in di'e, “ twice a day.” 
Cochlea're am'plum lar'gum or mag'num,* a 
“tablespoonful” (literally, a “large or big 
spoon”). 
Cochlea're me'dium, or mod'icum, a “ dessert- 
spoonful” (literally, a “middle or moderate 
[sized] spoon”). 
Cochlea're min'imum, a “ teaspoonful” (lite- 
rally, the“ smallest spoon:” i.e. a spoon of the 
smallest size); also termed Cocldea'repaFvum 
orpar’vulum, a “small spoon.” 
Cochlea'tim, “ by spoonfuls.” 
Cras, “to-morrow.” 
Cy'athus (second declension, masculine), a 
“wineglass” or “wineglassful.” 
De di'e in di'ern, “ from day to day.” 
Do'nee, “ until.” 
Du m fe'bris ah'sit, “ while the fever is ab- 
sent.” 
Dum fe'bris ad'stet, “ while the fever is on or 
present.” 
Ejus’dem, “of the same” (gen. of i'dem). 
Fe'bre duran'te, or duran'te fe'bre, the “fever 
continuing” (i.e. “ if the fever continues”). 
Fo'tus, a “ fomentation” (fourth declension). 
Frustilla'tim, “ in small pieces.” 
Gutta'tim, “ drop by drop.” 
Hans'tus, a “ draught” (fourth declension). 
He'ri, “ yesterday.” 
Ho'ris alter'nis, or aUer'nis ho'ris, “every 
other hour.” 
In’dies, “ daily,” or “ from day to day.” 
In promp'tu, “ in readiness.” 
Jule'pus, jule'pum, or jula'pium, a “julep.” 
Lage'na, a “ bottle.” 
Le'ni fofco, “ by a gentle fire.” 
Len’tn ig'ne, “ by a slow fire.” 
Manip'idus, a “ handful.” 
Cueurbit'ula cruen'ta, 
Cucurbit'ula sie'ea, 
a “ cupping-glass.” 
See these terms in 
the Dictionary. 
* When cocldea're is used by itself,—that is, without any qualifying word, such as me'dium, 
or min'imam,—it is to be understood as signifying a “tablespoonful.” It would, however, be 
better always to mention the kind of spoonful; for even when the medicine is of that character 
that a little more or less might not be attended with any serious consequences, it is always 
satisfactory to the patient or attendants to have explicit directions. 
690 Mi'ca pa'nis, “ crumb of bread.” 
Moire sol'ito, “ in the Usual manner.” 
Pan'nus lin’teus, a “ linen cloth.” 
Per sal’tum, “ by a leap or spring:” applied 
to blood when it flows from the vein in a jet. 
Phi'ala, a “ vial or phial.” 
Pie’no ri'ro, “in a full stream.” 
Post ci'buni, “ after eating” (literally, “ after 
food”). 
Pro raliofne, “in proportion to:” as, pro 
im'petus ralio'ne., “in proportion to the vio- 
lence of the attack.” 
Prout, “ according as.” 
Quan'tum suf'ficit, or r{uan'lum sujfif'iat, a 
“sufficient quantity” (literally, “as much as 
suffices,” or “ as much as may suffice”). 
Quan'tum vis, “as much as you choose” 
(literally, “as much as you will”). 
Qua'ter in di'e, “ four times a day.” 
Quohd'ie, “ daily.” 
Semihdra,* “ half an hour.” 
ON WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Se'mis, gen. semis’sis, a “ half.” 
Semiun'cia,* “ half an ounce.” 
Seplima’na (first declension), a “ week.” 
Sescun'cia,* or Sesquiun'cia* (better Un'cia 
cum semis'se), an “ ounce and a half.” 
Sesquiho'ra,* an “ hour and a half.” 
Sta'tim, “ immediately.” 
Subin'de, “ now and then.” 
Ter in di'e, or ter di'e, “ three times a day.” 
Trid’uum, the “ space of three days.” 
U'tr.r, u'li, “ to use.” This verb (which is 
called a “ depo'nent verb,” that is, one having 
a passive form with an active signification), 
instead of governing the accusative, like most 
other active verbs, always,governs tire abla- 
tive: t.g. uta'tur Uni men'to cal'cis, “let him 
use, or make use of, lime liniment;” utan'lur 
lotio'nibus cre'bris, “ let them use frequent 
lotions.” N.B.—Lo'tio may be used either in 
the sense of a “ wash,” or the “ act of wash- 
ing.” 
* It may be observed as a universal rule, that when a simple noun forms the termination of 
a compound, the latter is declined in the same manner as the simple word: thus, fluidun'da, 
semiun'cia, stsquiun’cia, etc. are declined precisely like un’cia; and semiho'ra, gesquilx/ra, etc. 
like ho’ra: so merid’ies, “mid-day,” is declined like di'es, “day;” and perlus’sis, “hooping- 
cough,” like tmsis, a “cough.” If, however, the termination is changed, it is obvious that the 
declension must be different; biht/rium, trilx/rium, etc., being neuter nouns of the second 
declension, are declined like ligammlum, on page 663. 
691 TABLE OF DOSES, 
FOR ADULTS. 
[See Dose, in the Dictionary.] 
Absinthium 3j. to Sij. 
Acetum colchici .f3j- to f Sij. 
Acetum scillse f3ss. to f3j. 
Achillea millefolium 3j. to 3ij. 
Acid, acetic, dilutum f5j. to fSss. 
Acid, arseniosum to J of a gr. 
Acid, benzoicum gr. x. to 3ss. 
Acid, carbolicum gr. ij. to gr. v. 
Acid, citricum gr. x. to 3ss. 
Acid, hydrocyanic, dilut TTlj. to Tipiv. 
Acid, lacticum f5ss. to f 5ij. 
Acid, muriaticum dilut TT)x. to Til xxx. 
Acid, nitric, dilut Ttlx. to Tllxxx. 
Acid, phosphoricum dilut...Ttlx. to f 3j. 
Acid, sulphuric, dilut Ttlx. to TTlxxx. 
Acid, tannicum gr. j. to gr. v. 
Acid, tartaricum gr. v. to 3ss. 
Aconitia gr. XJ0 to gr. 
Aconiti folium gr. j- to gr. ij. 
Aconiti radix gr. ss. to gr. j. 
iEther TTfxx. to Tlllx. 
fortior Tllxx. to f3j. 
iEther sulphuricus Ttlxx. to f Sj. 
Aletris gr. v. to gr. x. 
Allium 5ss. to Sij. 
Aloe gr. iij. to gr. xv. 
Althasa Sj- to Sss. 
Alumen gr. v. to 3j. 
Alumina; et ammon. sul gr. v. to 9j. 
Ammoniacum gr. x. to 3j. 
Ammonia; carbonas gr. v. to :■)j. 
Ammonia; murias gr. v. to 3j. 
Ammonia; valerianas gr. ij. to gr. viii. 
Anethum gr. xv. to 5j. 
Angelica 5ss. to 3j- 
Angustura gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Anisum gr. xv. to 3j. 
Antliemis 3j. to 3ij- 
Ant. et pot. tart, diaph gr. h to gr. i 
Ant. et pot. tart, emetic gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Antimonii oxidum gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Antimon. sulph. praecip gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Apocynum cannab. (pulv.).-.gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Aqua acidi carbon ad libitum. 
Aq. ammo, (dilut. in water)..Ttlx. to TTlxxx. 
Aqua cinnamomi fSss. to fSij. 
Aqua creasoti f3j. to f5ij- 
Aqua foeniculi f Sj. to fSiv. 
Aqua laurocerasi TTlxxx. to f 5j. 
Aqua mentlise piperita; f Sj. to fSiv. 
Aqua mentha: viridis f Sj. to fSiv. 
Aqua rosa; ad libitum. 
Aralia nudicaulis 3j. to Sj. 
Aralia spinosa 3j. to Sj. 
Argenti nitras j gr. to gr. ij. 
Argenti oxidum I gr. to gr. ij. 
Armoracia; radix 3j. to Sj- 
Arnica gr. v. to gr. x. 
Arsenici iodidum to | of a gr. 
Arum gr. x. to Sss. 
Asarum gr. xx. to gr. xxx. 
Asclepias gr. xx. to Sj. 
Assafoetida j...gr. v. to 3j. 
AtroPia gr. ijo t0 gr- A- 
Atropiai sulphas gr. ±l0 to gr. 
Aurantii amai'i cortex .Sss. to Sj. 
Azedarach (decoc.) (for a 
child) a tablespoonful. 
Balsamum Peruvianum gr. x. to 5ss. 
Balsamum Tolutanum gr. x. to Sss. 
Barii cliloridum. See Liquor Barii Chloridi. 
Belladonnas folia gr. j. to gr. v. 
Belladonna; radix gr. ss. to gr. iij. 
Benzoinum gr. x. to Sss. 
Berberin gr. j. to gr. x. 
Bismuthi subcarbonas gr. v. to gr. xlv. 
Bismuthi subnitras gr. v. to 3j. 
Bistortfe radix gr. x. to Sss. 
Brominium gr. I to gr. ij. 
Brucia gr. | to gr. a. 
Buchu gr. xx. to 3j. 
Cadmii sulphas gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
Calamus gr. x. to Sj. 
Calais carbonas prascip gr. x. to 5ss. 
Calumba gr. x. to 3j. 
Caniphora gr. j. to gr. x. 
Canella gr. x. to Sss. 
Cantharis gr. ss. to gr. j. 
Capsicum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Cardamomum gr. v. to 3j. 
Carthamus (infus.) t'Sij. to fSiv. 
Carum 3j. to Sj. 
Carymphyllus gr. v. to 3j. 
Cascarilla gr. x. to 5ss. 
Cassia fistula 3ij. to Sj. 
Cassia Marilandica 5j. to 5iij. 
Castoreum gr. v. to 3j. 
Cataria 5j. to 3ij. 
Catechu gr. v. to Sss. 
Cetaceuin , gr. xv. to 3iss. 
Chenopodium 3j. to 3ij. 
Chimaphiia 3ss. to 5j. 
Chiretta gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Chloroformum purific TTfv. to TT(xl. 
Cimicifuga gr. x. to 5ss. 
Cinchona pulv Sss. to Sss. 
Cinchoniae sulphas gr. j. to gr. v. 
Cinnamomi oleum TTf j. to TT) i v. 
Cinnamomum gr. v. to 3j. 
Colchici radix gr. j. to gr. v. 
Colchici semen gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Confectio aromatica gr. x. to 3j. 
Confectio aurantii corticis..3j. to Sj. 
Confectio opii gr. x. to 3ij. 
Confectio rosas 5j. to Sj. 
Confectio senna; sj. to Sss. 
Conium gr. ij. to gr. y. 
Contrayervte radix gr. x. to 5j. 
Copaiba TTlxv. to f 3j. 
Coptis (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. (Tinct.) fSss. 
to fSj. 
Coriandruin f)j. to 5j • 
Cornus (pulv.) 3j. to Sj. 
Cornus circinata (pulv.) 3j. to Sj. 
692 TABLE OF DOSES. 
Cornns sericoa (pulv.) 3j. to 5j- 
Cotula, infusion fSj. to fgij. 
Creta prseparata gr. x. to 5ss. 
Crocus gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Cubeba 3j. to 5iij. 
Cumini semina 3j. to 5j. 
Cupri subacetas used externally’. 
Cupri sulphas, emetic gr. v. to gr. x. 
Cupri sulphas, tonic. gr. y to gr. j. 
Cuprum ammoniatum gr. ± to gr. iv. 
Curcuma gr. v. to 5ss. 
Cusparias cortex gr. v. to 3j. 
Cusso (or Koosso) 3ss. 
Cydonium ad libitum. 
Cypripedium gr. x. to gr. xv. 
Decoct, c.etraria: t'Sij. to fsiij. 
Decoct, chimaphila: t'Sij. to fsiij. 
Decoct, cinchona; fSj. to f3ij. 
Decoct, corn its fioridas fjj. tof3ij. 
Decoct, dulcamara: f3ss. to f Sij. 
Decoct, hsematoxyli f 3j. to f3ij. 
Decoct, quercfls alb f3j. to f’Sij- 
Decoct, sarsaparilla: f Siij. to f Svi. 
Decoct, sarsaparilla: comp...f Siij. to f Svi. 
Decoct, senegse fSj. to fSij. 
Decoct, uva: ursi f 3j. to fSij. 
Delphinium (tinct. of seed)..Hlx. to Tt(xxx. 
Digitalin gr. (l\, to gr. .}0. 
Digitalis (folia) gr. to gr. iij. 
Diospyros (dried) 3j. to 3ij. 
Dracontium gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Dulcamara gr. xx. to 3j. 
Elaterium gr. j or J to gr. j. 
Ergota gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
Erigerou (infus.) fSij. to fSiij. 
Erigeron Canadense(pulv.)..gr. xx. to 3j. 
Euonymus (pulv.) 3j. to 3j. 
Eupatorium (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Euphorbiacorollata, emetic, .gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Extract, absinth gr. x. to 3j. 
Extract, aconiti gr. ss. to gr. j. 
Extract, aconiti alcohol gr. j- to gr. j. or ij. 
Extract, aloes gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Extract, anthemidis fluid...Trfxx. to f5j. 
Extract, arnica: alcohol gr. 5 to gr. j. 
Extract, belladonna: gr. to gr. ij. 
Ext. belladonnas alcohol gr. j to gr. ij. 
Extract, bucliu fluidum f 5j. 
Extract, cannabis gr. ~ to gr. v. 
Extract, eimicifugse fluid...f5ss. 
Extract, cinchonas gr. x. to 5ss. 
Extract, cinchona: fluid f3ss. to f3j- 
Extract, colchici acet gr. i to gr. ij. 
Ext. colchici rad. fluid TlXv. to ITfxv. 
Ext, colchici seminis fluid..Tilv. to Ttfxv. 
Extract, colocynth. alcoh...gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
Ext. colocynth. comp gr. v. to 3j. 
Extract, conii gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Extract, conii alcohol gr. j. to gr. iv. 
Extract, conii fluidum TTf v. to TTfx. 
Extract, digitalis alcohol....gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
Extract, dulcamara: gr. v. to gr. x. 
Ext. dulcamara: fluidum Tlfxx. to f5j. 
Extract, ergota: fluidum Ttfx. to f3ss. 
Extract, gentiana: gr. v. to 3j. 
Ext. gentian* fluidum f'5ss. to f 5j 
Extract, glycyrrhizse ad libitum. 
Extract, graminis gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Extract, hsematoxyli gr. x. to 5ss. 
Extract, hellebori alcohol...gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Extract, humuli gr. v. to 3j. 
Extract, liyoscyami gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Extract, hyoscyami alcoh...gr. j. to gr. iv. 
Ext. hyoscy’ami fluidum TTLv. to TTLx. 
Extract, ignatias alcohol gr. £ to gr. V 
Extract, ipecacuan. fluid Tflj. to nfxx. 
Extract, jalapse gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Extract, juglandis gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Extract, krsunerice gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Extract, lactuca? gr. ij. to gr. xv. 
Extract, lupulinas fluidum.Tip v. to Tt^x. 
Ext. nucis vomicae alcok gr. j to gr. ij. 
Extract, opii gr. £ to gr. j. 
Extract, papaveris gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Extract, podophylli gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Ext. pruni Virgin. fluidnm..f 3j. 
Extract, quassia' gr. iij. to gr. v. 
Extract, rhci gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Extract, rhei alcohol gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Extract, rhei fluidum f 5ss. to f 5j. 
Extract, sarsaparilla; gr. x. to 5j. 
Extract, sarsap. fluidum f3j. 
Extract, senega: alcohol gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Extract, senna: fluidum f 3ss. 
Extract, serpentarise fluid..,f5ss. to f3j. 
Ext. spigelise et sen. fluid...f3ij. 
Extract, spigelise fluid f 5j. 
Extract, stramonii gr. j. to gr. ij. 
Extract, stramonii alcoh gr. j to gr. j. 
Extract, taraxaci gr. x. to 5j. 
Extract, taraxaci fluidum...f'5j- to f,3ij. 
Extract, uva ursi fluidum...f 3j to f'Sij. 
Extract. Valerianae alcoh....gr. v. to gr. x. 
Extract, valerian* fluid f 3j. 
Ext. veratri virid. fluid 1t(v. to Ttfx. 
Ext. zingiberis fluidum Ttl_x. to ttlxx. 
Ferri chloridum gr. iij. to gr. v. 
Ferri citras gr. iij. to gr. vj. 
Ferri et ammonia: citras gr. iij. t > gr. vj. 
Ferri et amnion, sulphas gr. x. t > gr. xv. 
Ferri et amnion, tartras gr. x. to 5ss. 
Ferri et potass* tartras gr. x. to 3ss. 
Ferri et quinia1 citras gr. v. 
Ferri ferrocyanidtim gr. ij. to gr. v. 
Ferri lactas gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Ferri oxidum hydrat. (as an 
antidote to arsenic) fSss. to fjiv. 
Ferri pliosphas gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Ferri pttlvis gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Ferri pyropliosplias gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Ferri subcarbonas gr. v. to ;■) j. 
Ferri sulphas gr. ij. to gr. vj. 
Ferri sulphas exsiccata gr. j. to gr. v. 
Ferrttm ammoniatum gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Ferrum redaction gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Ficus ad libitum. 
Filicis radix 5j. to 5ij. 
Fceniculi semina 3j. to 3j. 
Frasera (pulv.) gr. xx. to 5j. 
Galbanum gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Galla (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Gambogia gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Gaultheria (infus.) fgij. 
Gelsemium gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Gentiana gr. v. to 3j. 
Gentiana Catesbtei (pnlv.)...gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Geranium (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Geum, decoction t'gj. to f'gij. 
Gillenia (pulv.) gr. xx. to gr. xxx 
Glycerina f'3j. to f 3ij. 
Gossypii radix gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
Granati cortex 3j. to 5j. 
Guaiaci lignum 3j. to 3ij. 
Guaiaci resina gr. x. to 3j. 
Hedeoma 3j. to 3ij. 
Helianthemum extractum..gr. j. to gr. ij. 
Helleborus gr. v. to 3j. 
Hepatica (infus.) Sij. to Siv. 
693 TABLE OF DOSES. 
Heuchera Sj- to Sij. 
Hu mill us gr. v. to 3j. 
Hydrarg. chlorid. corrosiv...gr. A to gr. 
Hydr. chlor. mite, alterat... gr. to gr. i. 
Hydr. chlor. mite, calhar...gr. v. to 3j. 
Hydrarg. cyanidum gr. A to gr. j. 
Hydrarg. iodidum rubrum..gr. A to gr. j. 
Hydrarg. iodidum viride gr. i to gr. iij. or iv. 
Hydrarg. oxiduni nigrum...gr. j. to gr. iij. 
Hydrarg. oxidum rubrum...used externally. 
Hydr. sulphas flava, cmet....gr. ij. to gr. v. 
Hydrarg. sulpliuret. nigr....gr. v. to 3j. 
Hvdrargyrutn ammoniat....used externally. 
Hydrargyrum cum cretft....gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Hydrastis gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Hyoseyami folium gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Hyoscyami semen gr. j. to gr. v. 
Ignatia (pulv.) gr. iij. to gr. v. 
Infusuin angusturas fSj. to f Sij- 
Infusum antliemidis f3j. to fSij. 
Infusum buchu —f Sj • to f Sij - 
Infusum calumbse fSj to fSij. 
Infusum capsici fSss. to fSj. 
Infusum caryophylii.. f Sj. to fSij. 
Infusum cascarillas f Sj. to f Sij. 
Infusum catechu comp f Sj. to f Sij. 
Infusum cinchona; flava;.....f Si- to f Sij. 
Infusum cinchona’ rubra;...f Sj- to f Sij. 
Infusum digitalis —f Sij. to fSss. 
Infusum eupatorii f Sj - to fsij. 
Infusum gentian;*: comp....f Sss. to fSij. 
Infusum buniuli f Sj. to f Sij. 
Infusum juniperi f Sij- to fSiv. 
Infusumkramerice fSj. to fSij. 
Infusum lini comp ....Jid libitum. 
Infusum pareirse fSj- to fSij- 
Infusum picis liquid;** f Sj. to fSij. 
Infusum prnni Virginian®, .f $ij. to f giij. 
Infusum quassia* f$ss. to f Sij - 
Infusum rhei fSss. to f Sij. 
Infusum ros;e comp .f Sss. to f Sij. 
Infusitm salvia; —fSij. 
Infusum senna; —fSij. to fSiv. 
Infusum serpentari® f Sj- to f Sij. 
Infusum simaruba; fSss. to fSij. 
Infusum spigelim fSij. to f Sviij. 
Infusum taraxaci f Sij. 
Infusum Valerianae f Sij- 
Infusum zingiberis f Sij - 
Inula 5>j- to Sj- 
Iodiriium -gr. J to gr. ij. 
Ipecacuanha, diaphoretic...gr. ss. to gr. ij. 
Ipecacuanha, emetic gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Iris versicolor gr. x. to gr. xx. 
.1 ala pa -gr. x. to 3j. 
Juniperus -9j- to Sj. 
Juniperus Virginiana- no dose. 
Kino gr. x. to Sss. 
Koosso, or Kousso. See Ousso. 
Krameria (extract) .gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Lactucarium gr. v. to gr. x. 
Lappa 3j - to Sij • 
Lauri baccae gr. x. to 3j._ 
Leptandra (pulv.).... ....gr. xv. to 5j- 
Leptandrin gr._| to gr. j. 
Limonis cortex ..adjuvant. 
Linum catharticum 3j.toSj. 
Liquor ammonia;. See Aqua Ammonia?. 
Liquor ammonite acetatis...f Sij - to f Sss. 
Liquor barii chloridi TTliij. to Tipx. 
Liquor calcis f Sj- to f Siv. 
Liquor calcis chloridi TTPxx. to f 3j- 
Liquor ferri citratis Tipv. to TTpx. 
Liquor ferri iodidi. See Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. 
Liquor ferri nitratis Tftv. tofTPxv.or xx. 
Liquor iodinii comp Ttpv. to Ttpxxx. 
Liquor magnesia; citratis...f Sxij. 
Liquor morphia?sulphatis...f3ss. to f 3ij. 
Liquor potasses TTpv. to Tipxx. 
Liquor potasses arsenitis TTPv. to ITPxx. 
Liquor potassa; carl>onatis...Ttpx. to f 5j. 
Liquor potassa; citratis f Sss. 
Liquor soda: TTPv. to Ttpxx. 
Liriodondron (pulv.) Sj- to Sij. 
Utilise carbonas -gr. v. to gr. x. 
Lobelia, emetic gr. v. to 3j. 
Lupulina gr. v. to gr. x. 
Lycopus i pt. to 1 pt. 
Maris 3j. to Sss. 
Magnesia 3j. to 3j. 
Magnesia’carbonas Sj. to Sij. 
Magnesia: sulphas 3ss. to 3j. 
Magnolia (pulv.) Sss. to Sj. 
Manganesii carbonas gr. v. 
Manganesii sulphas, calk—Sj. to Sij. 
Manna Sss. to 3j- 
Marrubiuni 3j- to Sj- 
Mastiche gr. x. to Sss. 
Matico (pulv.) Sss. to 5ij- 
Matricaria 5j- to Sss. 
Melissa 5j. to Sij. 
Mentha piperita. Sj. to 5ij. 
Mezereurn ..gr. x. to 3ss. 
Mistura ammoniaci fSss. 
Mistura amygdalae fSij. to fSviii. 
Mistura assafoetidae fSss. to l'3ij. 
Mistura chloroformi .fSss. to f3j. 
Mistura cretee f3ss. 
Mistura ferri comp f Sss. 
Mistura glycy rrhizee comp, a tablespodnful. 
Mistura potassie citratis f 3ss. 
Monarda 5j- to Sij. See Oleum Monarch® 
Morphia gr. } to gr. 
Morphia; acetas gr. | to gr. {. 
Morphia; murias gr. | to gr. j. 
Morphiae sulplias gr. } to gr. J. 
Mosclms gr. j. to gr. x. 
Mucilage acacia; fsij. to f Sj. 
Mucilago sassafras f Sij- to fSj. 
Mucnna (syrup) fSij- to' f Siv. 
Myristica gr. x. to Sss. 
Myrrha gr. x- to 3j. 
Nectandra- gr. ij. to gr. v, 
Nux vomica gr. v. 
Oleoresina capsid gr. j to gr. 
Oleoresina cubebas 1TLij. to Tip x. 
Oleoresina lupulina; T1 ( j. to Ttpiij. 
Oleoresina piperis ill } to tllj. 
Oleoresina zingiberis Tip j to Tipj. 
Oleum amygdalae arcane....Tip a to Ttpj. 
Oleum amygdalae dulcis. f Sj. to f3ss. 
Oleum anisi tiPv. to TTpxv, 
Oleum antliemidis Tipv. to npx. 
Oleum cajuputi -ftp j. to Tipij. 
Oleurn camphor® MPj. to Itpv. 
Oleum cari - Ttpj. to Ttpviii 
Oleum caryophylii Ttpj. to Ttpv. 
01. chenoi)odii (for child)....TTpv. to Tipx. 
Oleum cinnamomi Ttp j. to Ttpv. 
Oleum copaibse Tipx. to Ttpxv. 
Oleum cubeba; TlLvi. to Tipxii. 
Oleum erigerontis Canad....Tip j. to lipv. 
Oleum foetiiculi Tip*. to Tipx. 
Oleum gaultheriae TTpj. to TTpiij. 
Oleum bedeomae Ttp j. to Tipv. 
Oleum juniperi.... Ttpv. to Tipxv. 
Oleum lavandulte Tip j. to Tipv. 
Oleum limonis TTt j. to Ttpv. 
694 TABLE OF DOSES. 
Oleum lini f 5ij. to f 3j- 
Oleum menth* piperit* TT(v. to Tl[x. 
Oleum month* viridis Ttfv. to Tlfx. 
Oleum nionard* Ttfij. to Rliij. 
Oleum morrhu* f.3ij. to f 3j- 
Oleum myristic* Illj. to Ttlv. 
Oleum oliv* f.3ij. to fSij. 
Oleum origani Til j. to HIv. 
Oleum piment* Ttpjj. to Tlfvi. 
Oleum pulegii TTli. to Ttlv. 
Oleum ricini f3ss. to f Sj. 
Oleum rosmarini Tlf ij. to Ttlv. 
Oleum ssibin* Ttlj. to Ttlv. 
Oleum sassafras Ttlj. to TTlv. 
Oleum sesami f 3j. to f Sss. 
Oleum succini rectificatum..niv. to Tlfxv. 
Oleum tabaci Ill j to Ttl 5. 
Oleum terebinthin*, ant’i...f 5j. to fSss. 
Oleum terebinthin*, diur...TI]_x. to t’5ss. 
Oleum theobromre 5,j- to gss. 
Oleum thymi ttlv. to Ttlx. 
Oleum tiglii Hiss, to Ttlj. 
Oleum valerian* Til i j. to Ttlv. 
Opium gr. 5 to gr. iij. 
Oxymel f 3j. to f jss. 
Oxymel scill* f 3ss. to f 5ij. 
Panax 5ss. to 3j. 
Paj)aver 3j- to 5ij. 
Pareira .....gr. xx. to 3j- 
Pepo Sj. 
Petroselinum applied externally. 
Phytolacc* bacc* (tinct.).-.f 3j. 
Pil. aloes gr. iv. to gr. x. 
Pil. aloes et assafoetid* gr. viii. to 3j. 
Pil. aloes et mastiches gr. v. to gr. x. 
Pil. aloes et myrrh* gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Pil. antimouii compos gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
Pil. assafoetid* gr. v. to gr. x. 
Pil. cathart. compos gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Pil. copaiba1 gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Pil. ferri carbonatis gr. x. to 3ss. 
Pil. ferri composite pil. i. to pil. ij. 
Pil. ferri iodidi pil. j. to pil. iij. 
Pil. galbani comp gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Pil. liydrarg. alterative gr. j. to gr. v. 
Pil. liydrarg. cathartic gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Pil. opii pil. i to pil. j. 
Pil. quiniat sulphatis pil. j. to pil. v. 
Pil. rliei gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Pil. rhei composit* gr. x. to 9j. 
Pil. saponis composit* gr. iij. to gr. xviii. 
Pil. scill* comp gr. v. to 3ss. 
Pimenta gr. v. to 3ij. 
Piper gr. v. to 3j. 
Piperina gr. £ to gr. ij. 
Pix liquida gr. xx. to 5j- 
Plumbi acetas gr. 5 to gr. v. 
Plumbi iodidum gr. £ to gr. iij. or iv. 
Plumbi nitras gr. j to gr. 
Podophyllum about gr. xx. 
Polygala rubella gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Potassa. See Liquor Potass*. 
Potassa cum calce externally. 
Potass* acetas 9j. to 5j- 
Potass* bicarbonas gr. xv. to 3j. 
Potass* bichromas, emetic...gr. i to gr. j. 
Potass* bisulphas 3j. to 5ij. 
Potass* bitartras, aper 5j. to 3ij- 
Potass* bitartras, cath Sss. 
Potass* carbonas 3ss. to Sss. 
Potass* carbonas pur gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Potass* chloras gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Potass* citras gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Potass® et sod® tartras Sij. to Sj. 
Potass* nitras gr. v. to 3j. 
Potass* permanganas gr. j to gr. ij. 
Potass* sulphas 3j. to Sij. 
Potass* tartras 5j. to Sss. 
Potassii bromidnm gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Potassii cyaniduui gr. to gr. f. 
Potassii ferrocyanidum gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Potassii iodidum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Potassii sulphuretum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Prinos (pulv.) gr. xx. to 3j- 
Prunus Virginiaua (pulv.)...gr. xx. to 5j. 
Pulv. aloes et canell* gr. x. to 3j. 
Pulv. aromaticus gr. x. to 3j. 
Pulv. ipecacuau. compos gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Pulv. jalap*composite gr. xxx. to 3j. 
Pulv. rhei compos 3ss. to 5j. 
Pyrethrum gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Quassia gr. x. to 5ss. 
Quercusalba 3j. to 3j. 
Quercus tiuctoria gr. x. to 3ss. 
Quini* sulphas gr. j. to gr. xv. 
Quitii* valerianas gr. j. to gr. ij. 
Resina jalap* gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Resina podophylli, alter gr. j to gr. j. 
Resina podophylli, cathar...pr. j. to gr. v. 
Resina scammonii gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Rheum gr. x. to Sss. 
Rhus glabrum gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Rosa Centifolia ad libitum. 
RosaGallica 3j. to 5j- 
Rosmarinus gr. x. to Sss. 
Rottlera (pulv.) 5ij. to Siv. 
Rubia gr. x. to 3ss. 
Rubus (pulv.) gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Ruta 3j. to 3ij. 
Sabadilla gr. v. to gr. xxx. 
Sabbatia (pulv.) gr. xx. to 3j. 
Sabina ....gr. v. to gr. x. 
Saccliarum lactis adjuvant. 
Salicina gr. iij. to gr. vi. 
Salix gr. x. to 3ss. 
Salvia (pulv.) gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Sandmens 3j. to 5ij. 
Sanguinaria, emetic gr. x. to gr. xx. 
Santonica gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Pantoninum gr. j. to gr. iv. 
Sapo gr. v. to 3j. 
Sarsaparilla 3j. to 3j. 
Sassafras medulla 9j.to3j- 
Sassafras radicis cortex 5j. to 5ij. 
Scanuuonium gr. ij. to gr. x. 
Scilla gr. j. to gr. v. 
Scoparius (pulv.) gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Scutellaria 3ij. 
Senega gr. x. to 5ss. 
Senna 3ss. to 3ij. 
Serpentaria gr. x. to 3j. 
Sesami folium ad libitum. 
Simaruba 3j. to 5j. 
Sinapis alba 3j. to 5ij. 
Sinapis nigra 3j. to 3ij. 
Sod* acetas 9j. to 5ij. 
Sod* bicarbonas 9ss. to 5ss. 
Sod* boras gr. v. to 3ss. 
Sod* et potass* tartras. See Potass* et Sod* 
Tartras. 
Sod* nitras gr. v. to gr. xx. 
Sod* pliosphas Sss. to Sij. 
Sod* sulphas 5ij. to 5j. 
Sod* sulphis 3ss. to 3j. 
Solidago, infusion fSij. to i'Siv. 
Spigelia gr. x. to 9ij. 
Spiraea, extract gr. v. to gr. xv. 
Spiritus adheris comp f 5ss. to f 3ij. 
695 TABLE OF DOSES. 
Sptritus atheris nitrosi f5ss. to fSj. 
Spiritus atheris sulphurici..f5ss. to t’3j. 
Spiritus ammonite fSss. to f Sj. 
Spiritus ammonite aromat...f 3ss. to f3j- 
Spiritus anisi fSss. to t'3j. 
Spiritus camphor* Ttlv. to t‘3j- 
Spiritus chloroform! f5ss. to f5j. 
Spiritus cinnamomi f 5j- to f 3ij. 
Spiritus frumenti f'Sss. to fgj. 
Spiritus juniperi comp f3j- to f 3ss. 
Spiritus lavandul* ttlxxx. to f3j. 
Spiritus lavandul* comp...f5ss. to f3ij. 
Spiritus liinonis f.3j. to t'5ij- 
Spiritus menthre piperit*...f 3ss. to fSij. 
Spiritus menthte viridis f 3ss. to fSij. 
Spiritus myrei* used externally. 
Spiritus myristic* f3ss. to f5ij. 
Spiritus rosmarini ttlxxx. to fSj. 
Spiritus vini Gallici f3ij - to fSss. 
Spongia usta 3ss. to 5j. 
Stannum 3j. to 3ij. 
Staphisagri® semina gr. iij. to gr. x. 
Statice gr. xv. to 3ss. 
Stillingia (pulv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Stramonii folium gr. ij. to gr. v. 
Strychnia gr. X to gr. i. 
Strychnin sulphas gr. X to gr. 
Styrax gr. x. to 5ss. 
Sulphur lotum 3ss. to 5ij. 
Sulphur pr*cipitatum 3ss. to 5ij. 
Sulphur sublimatum 3j- to 5iij. 
Sulphuris iodidum used externally. 
Syrupus aurantii cortex f3j. to f 3iv. 
Syrupus ferri iodidi tilxx. to till. 
Syrupus ipecacuanhas 5j. to Sj. 
Syrupus kramerire 3ij- to Sss. 
Syrupus lactucarii fSj. to f3ij- 
Syrupus papaveris t'5ss. to f 3ij. 
Syrupus pruni Virginian®, .f Sss. 
Syrupus rhamni fSj. to fSj. 
Syrupus rhei fSj. to fSij. 
Syrupus rhei aromaticus....f Sss. to f Sj. 
Syr. sarsaparill® comp fSss. 
Sj'rupus still* f3ss. to f 5j. 
Syr. scilla; comp .expect Ttlxx. to f5j. 
Syrupus seneg* f3j. to f3ij. 
Syrupus senna; f3ij. to f Sj. 
Tabacum (infus.) Tllxl. to rfllx. 
Taniarindus 5iv. to Sij. 
Taraxacum..../. 5ij. to 5iv. 
Terebintliina 3ss. to 5j. 
Terebinthina Canadensis....Tilv. to ITlx. 
Testa praparata gr. x. to 3ss. 
Tinct. aconiti folii lllxv. to Ttlxxx. 
Tinct. aconiti radicis Ttliij. to Ttlx. 
Tinct. aloes fSss. to fSiss. 
Tinct. aloes et myrrh® f,3j. to fSij- 
Tinct. arnica; Ttlxx. to f5j. 
Tinct. assafeetid* fSj. to fSij. 
Tinct. aurantii f3j. to fSij- 
Tinct. belladonna Ttlx. to Ttlxxx. 
Tinct. benzoin! comp foj. to f Sij. 
Tinct. calumba f5j. to f5ij- 
Tinct. camphor*. See Spiritus Camphor®. 
Tinct. cannabis Ttlv. to Ttlxx. 
Tinct. cantharidis Ttlxx. to f 5j. 
Tinct. capsici Ttlx. to f5j. 
Tinct. cardamonii f5j. to f Sij. 
Tinct. cardamonii comp f Sj- to f Sij. 
Tinct. castorei fSss. to fSj. 
Tinct. catechu fSj. to fSij. 
Tinct. cinchona? fSj. to fSij. 
Tinct. cinchoiife comp. fSj. to fSss. 
Tinct. cinnamomi i'5j. to fSiij. 
Tinct. colchici fSss. to t'5ij. 
Tinct. conii Ttlxx. to Tllxl. 
Tinct. cubeba fSj. to f3ij. 
Tinct. digitalis Ttlv. to Ttlxx. 
Tinct. l'erri chloridi Ttlx. to Ttlxx. 
Tinct. gall® f 3j. to f 5iij. 
Tinct. gentian* comp f'3j. to f Sss. 
Tinct. guaiaci f 5j. to f 3ij- 
Tinct. guaiaci amnion f 3j - to fSij. 
Tinct. hellebori HI x. tofSj. 
Tinct. liumuli f Sij. to fSss. 
Tinct. hyoscyami Ttlxx. to f 3j. 
Tinct. iodinii Ttlx. to Tllxl. 
Tinct. iodinii comp Ttlx. to Ttlxxx. 
Tinct. jalap* fSj. to f 5ij. 
Tinct. kino ; f 5j. to f 5ij. 
Tinct. krameri® f5j. to f3ij. 
Tinct. lobelia', emetic fSss. 
Tinct. lobelia1, expectorant..f Sss. to f3j. 
Tinct. lupulin® fSj- to f5i.j. 
Tinct. myrrh® fSss. to f 3j. 
Tinct. nucis vomica; Ttlv. to Ttlxx. 
Tinct. opii Ttlx. to Tllxl. 
Tinct. opii acetata Tltx. to Ttlxxx. 
Tinct. opii camphorata f3j- to fSss. 
Tinct. opii deodorata gr. x. to gr. xl. 
Tinct. quassias f3j. to f 5ij. 
Tinct. rhei f 3j. to fjss. 
Tinct. rhei et gentian* f Sss. to f Sj. 
Tinct. rhei et senna1 fSss. to 1'Sj. 
Tinct. sang. exp. and alt Ttlxxx. to ltl_lx. 
Tinct. scilla? Ttlx. to f3ss. 
Tinct. senna; et jalap* f Sss. to fgj. 
Tinct. serpentari* f5j- to f3ij. 
Tinct. stramonii Ttlx. to Hlxx. 
Tinct. tolutana f3ss. to fSj. 
Tinct. valeriana; f 3j- to f3iij. 
Tinct. valeriana; ammon f 5j. to f 3i.j. 
Tinct. veratri viridis Ttlv. to Ttlxx. 
Tinct. zingiberis f3ss. to f 5j. 
Tormentilla Sss. to 3ss. 
Toxicodendron gr. j. to gr. x. 
Tragacantha gr. x. to 3j. 
Triosteum gr. xv. to gr. xxx. 
Ulmus fulva ad libitum. 
Uva ursi 3ss. to Sj- 
Valeriana 3j. to 5j. 
Veratria gr. to gr. }. 
Veratrnm album gr. j. to gr. ij. 
Veratrum viride gr. ij. to gr. v. 
Vinum aloes f 5j. to f Sss. 
Vinum antimonii, expect 11 lx. to f 5ss. 
Vinum colchici radicis Ttlx. to f 3ss. 
Vinum colchici seminis 5j- to 3ij. 
Vinum ergot* Sj. to Sij. 
Vin. ipecacuanha, diaph....V\x. to f 5ss. 
Vin. ipecacuanha;, emetic....f5ij. to fSj. 
Vinum opii Ttlv. to Ttlxxx. 
Vinum rhei f,3ij. to fSss. 
Xanthorrhiza 3j. to Sj. 
Xanthoxylum (pnlv.) gr. x. to gr. xxx. 
Zinci carbonas prtecip gr. j. to gr. v. 
Zinci cliloridum used externally. 
Zinci oxydum gr. j. to gr. vi. 
Zinci sulphas, emetic gr. x. to gr. xv. 
Zinci sulphas, tonic gr. £ to gr. ij. 
Zinci valerianas gr. j. to gr. ij. 
Zingiber gr. v. to Sss. 
696 TABLE OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. 
TABLE OF CHEMICAL SYMBOLS. 
Aluminum Al. 
Antimony (Stibium) Sb. 
Arsenic As. 
Barium Ba. 
Bismuth Bi. 
Boron B. 
Bromine Br. 
Cadmium Cd. 
Caesium Cs. 
Calcium Ca. 
Carbon C. 
Cerium Ce. 
Chlorine Cl. 
Chromium Cr. 
Cobalt Co. 
Columbium (Tantalum) Ta. 
Copper (Cuprum) Cu. 
Didymium Di. 
Fluorine F. 
Gold (Aurum) Au. 
Hydrogen II. 
Indium In.(?) 
Iodine I. 
Iridium Ir. 
Iron (Ferrum) Fe. 
Lantanium La. 
Lead (Plumbum) Pb. 
Lithium L. 
Magnesium Mg. 
Manganese Mn. 
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Hg. 
Molybdenum Mo. 
Nickel Ni. 
Nitrogen N. 
Osmium Os. 
Oxygen 0. 
Palladium Pd. 
Phosphorus P. 
Platinum Pt. 
Potassium (Kalium) K. 
Rhodium R. 
Rubidium Rb. 
Ruthenium Ru, 
Selenium Se. 
Silicon Si. 
Silver (Argentum) Ag. 
Sodium (Natrium) Na. 
Strontium Sr. 
Sulphur S. 
Tellurium Te. 
Thallium Tl.(?' 
Thorium Th. 
Tin (Stannum) Sn. 
Tungsten (Wolframium) W. 
Uranium U. 
Vanadium V. 
Yttrium Y. 
Zinc Zn. 
Zirconium Zr. 
Thus, IIO is the representative or formula of water: that is, one equivalent of 
hydrogen (H) combined with one equivalent of oxygen (0). As03 is the formula of 
arsenious acid, a compound consisting of one equivalent of arsenic and three equiva- 
lents of oxygen. NO, is the representative of anhydrous nitric acid, indicating 
that it is composed of one equivalent of nitrogen (N) combined with five equiva- 
lents of oxygen (0). The number of equivalents of an elementary substance is 
usually indicated by a small depressed figure following the symbol, as seen in the 
previous examples; but the number of equivalents of any compound is denoted 
by a large figure placed before the formula: thus, 3 IIO + 2 N0S is the formula 
of the officinal (hydrated) nitric acid, indicating that it is composed of three 
equivalents of water (HO) combined with two equivalents of nitric acid (NO,). 
697 TABLE OF DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS; WITH THE PRIN- 
CIPAL AUTHORITIES IN FAVOR OF EACH. 
Tlie design of the following Table is not merely or principally to gratify the curiosity of the 
reader, but rather, by showing how very few points there are of any importance, about which the 
best scientific and classical authorities differ, to convince the student that in his efforts to attain 
a correct pronunciation of scientific terms, he is not pursuing a chimera, but acquiring an 
accomplishment which will be highly appreciated by the truly learned in every part of the 
world. (See Preface.) 
Aneonc'ns; Dunglison, Hooper. Anco'neus; Mayne. Anconse'ns; Kraus.* 
Aristolo'eliia; Gray, White and Riddle,f Wittstein. Aristolochi'a;;j: Dun- 
glison, Hooper, Mayne. 
Cad'mia; Ainsworth, Webster, Worcester. Cadnii'a; Dunglison, Hooper, 
Mayne. Cadmi'a or Cad'mia White and Riddle. 
Cad’iniuni; Brande, Webster, Worcester. Cadiiii'uni; Dunglison, Hooper, 
Mayne. 
Oioscore'a; Gray, Wittstein. Dioseo'rea; Hooper, Mayne. Dioscore'a or 
IHosco'rea; Dunglison. 
Hydrang;e'a;$ Wittstein. Hydran'gca; Gray. Hydrangea or Hy- 
drangea; Dunglison. 
Laryngeal; Dunglison, Hooper, Mayne. I.ar.yn'geal; Worcester. I .ary n- 
g-e'al or Laryn'geal; Webster. 
liaryng-e'us; Dunglison, Hooper, Mayne. Laryn geiis; Kraus. 
Lioclii'a; Mayne. to'chia; Hooper. Coctii'a or Co'chia; Dunglison. 
Madar. See JIudar. 
Menin'g'eal; Mayne, Worcester. Meningeal or Menin geal: Dunglison. 
Mezere'um; Mayne, Wittstein. Measc reuin; U.S. Pharmacopoeia. Meze'- 
reuni or Mezere'um; Dunglison. 
Mft-dar' (Calot'ropis gigante'a) ; Thompson.|| Mudar; Ainslie.^f 
Olec'ranon; Hooper. Olecra'non;** Kraus, Mayne. Olec'ranon or Ole- 
era'non: Dunglison. 
* Author of the “ Kritisch-Etymologisches Medici nisches Lexikon,” Gottingen, 1826. 
f Editors of an excellent “ Latin-English Dictionary” recently published by Longman, 
London. 
+ It may be remarked that, with respect to the most important root in Aristolochia {lochia), 
usage was divided among the Greeks themselves. Some writers have Aoyec'a (locheia), others, 
Aoyta (lochia); so Gadmia has two forms in Greek, KaSg-eia and KaSgia. 
§ It is to be observed that the penultimate accent is given to this name considered simply 
as a Latin (or classical) word. 
|| Author of an excellent Oordoo (Ilindostanee) Dictionary, published at Serampore in 1838. 
This pronunciation (mu-dar') is not only supported by the original Ilindostanee spelling, but it 
is confirmed by the prevailing English spelling, Madar, which can scarcely be reconciled with 
the supposition that the u in the first syllable is long. See Calotropis Gigantea in Wood & 
Bache’s Dispensatory. 
f Author of a valuable work entitled “ Materia Indica,” London, 1826. 
** Liddell and Scott give the penultima as undoubtedly long—uhtupavov. General usage, 
however, seems to be in favor of Olec'ranon; and if we may attach any weight to the Greek 
accent, this pronunciation can at least be defended. (See Preface, p. viii.) 
698 DISPUTED PRONUNCIATIONS. 
Parotide'a; Dunglison, Hooper. Parotid'ea (Parotid'eus); Mayne. Paro* 
tidse'a; Cullen. 
Pein'phigia; Hooper, Kraus. Pemphi'gns; Mayne. Pem phigus or 
Pemplii'gus; Dunglison. 
Pliarynge'al* Dunglison, Hooper. Pliaryn'geal; Mayne, Worcester. Pha- 
ryngeal or Pharynge'al; Webster. 
Pliarynge'us: Dunglison, Hooper. Pharyn'geus ;* Kraus, Mayne. 
Plat inum; Brande, Dunglison, Worcester. Plati'num; Mayne. Plat'inum 
or Plati'num; Webster. 
Syru'pus; Mayne, U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Syr'upus; Kraus. Syr'upus or 
Syru'pus; Dunglison. 
4®=* There is one class of names, about the pronunciation of which considerable diversity 
prevails, that have not been introduced into the preceding table, because there seems reason to 
believe that the diversity in question has rather been the result of inadvertency than of any 
deliberate dilference of judgment among scientific writers. We allude to those terminating in 
-era derived from a proper name in -er: as, Brayera (from Brayer), Frasera (from Fraser), 
Heuchera (from Heucher), etc. Some of our best authorities are not always consistent with 
themselves with respect to this class of names, but, if we mistake not, the general tendency is 
decidedly in favor of the penultimate accent. The United States Pharmacopoeia gives Braye'ra 
and Frase'ra with the penultimate accent, but Heu'chera with the antepenultimate. The last 
is, not improbably, an oversight; for though something might be said in favor of making a 
difference between Brayera and the other two names, inasmuch as the last syllable of Brayer 
is long in French, there can be no good reason for making a distinction between Frasera and 
Heuchera, as the last syllable in both Fraser and Heucher is short. But the reason would not 
be a good one in any case; the name of Luther, the celebrated Reformer, has the last syllable 
short in German (Lu'ther), yet when Latinized becomes Luthe’rus, and in the Italian and 
Spanish, cognate languages, it is always Lute’ro.f In consideration of all these reasons and 
facts, we have deemed it best to adopt a uniform rule, and always to place the accent on the 
penultima of names of the class above referred to: e.g. Braye'ra, Frase'ra, Heuche'ra, Rottle’ra, 
etc. etc. 
* In this instance, Dr. Mayne, who is generally so accurate in regard to his Latin and Greek 
quantities, would seem to be guilty of a palpable inconsistency, since he gives the parallel term 
Laryvgeus with the penultima long. It is, however, proper to observe that this whole class 
of words (including Anconeus, Parotideus, etc.) are doubtful as to the length of the penultima, 
which there seems to be no means of determining positively. Even the light of analogy, 
dubious at best, utterly fails us here: while gigante'us has the penultima unquestionably long, 
ce'reus, cine'reus, ido’neus, etc. have it short. 
f It is a great mistake to suppose that a Latinized modern name must follow either the 
quantity or accent of the original. This indeed is the exception, the contrary being the gene- 
ral rule; at least with respect to names of Teutonic origin: Fred’eric makes Frederi'cus, 
Hen'ry (German, Hein'rich), Henri'cus, Lud'wig, Ludovi'cus, Mil’ton, Milto’nus, etc. 
699 CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES ACCORDING TO 
CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
CLASS I.—PYREX'LE. 
Order I.—Fe'bres. 
II.—Phlegmasia'. 
III. —Exantliem'ata. 
IV. Hsemorrha'gire. 
V.—I*rollu'vIa. 
CLASS III.— CACIIEX'LE. 
Order I.—Marco'res. 
11. —I n tumescen' tiae. 
III.—Inipeti&'ines. 
CLASS IV.—LOCA'LES. 
Order I.—Pysresthe'siie. 
II.—Wysorex'iae. 
III. —Djscine'siw. 
IV. —Apoceno'ses. 
V.—Epis'eheses. 
VI.—Tuino'rws. 
VII.—Pclopiic. 
VIII.—Dialyses. 
CLASS II.—NEURCKSES. 
Order I.—Co'mata. 
11.—Adynamia-. 
III. —Spas'nii. 
IV. —Vcsa'iiiae. 
CLASS I. 
PYREXIJE. 
Order I.—Fe'bres. Fevers. 
Section I.—Intermitten'tes. Intermittents. 
Genus 1.—Tertia'na. Tertian. 
Genus 2.—Quarta'na. Quartan. 
Genus 3.—Quotidia'na. Quotidian. 
Section II.—Contin'nae. Continued Fevers. 
Genus 4.—Syn'ocha. Pure inflammatory 
fever. 
Genus 5.—Ty'phus. Typhus. 
Genus 6.—Syn'ochus. 
Order II.—Phlegma'sije. Inflamma- 
tions. 
Genus 1.—Phlogo'sis. Inflammation (of a 
particular form). 
Genus 2.—Ophthal'mia. Ophthalmy. 
Genus 3.—Phreni'tis. Phrenzy, or brain 
fever. 
Genus 4.—Cvnan'che. Sore throat. 
Genus 5.—Pneumo'nia. Inflammation of the 
lungs. 
Genus 6.—Cardi'tis. Inflammation of the heart. 
Genus 7.—Peritoni'tis. Inflammation of the 
peritoneum. 
Genus 8.—Gastri'tis. Inflammation of the 
stomach. 
Genus 9.—Enteri'tis. Inflammation of the 
bowels. 
Genus 10.—Hepati'tis. Inflammation of the. 
liver. 
Genus 11.—Spleni'tis. Inflammation of the 
spleen. 
Genus 12.—Nephri'tis. Inflammation of the 
kidney. 
Genus 13.—Gysti'tis. Inflammation of the 
bladder. 
Genus 14.—Ilysteri'tis. Inflammation of the 
womb. 
Genus 15.—Rheumatis'mus. Itheumatism. 
Genus 16.—Odontal'gia. Toothache. 
Genus 17.—Pod'agra. Gout. 
Genus 18.—Arthropuo'sis (or Arthropyo'sis). 
Pus in a joint. 
Order III.—Exanthem'ata. Exan- 
thematous Eruptions. 
Genus 1.—Erysip'elas. Erysipelas. 
Genus 2.—Pes'tis. The Plague. 
700 CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
Genus 3.—Variola. Small-Pox. 
Genus 4.—Varicella. Chicken-Pox. 
Genus 5.—Rube'ola. Measles. 
Genus 6.—Milia'ria. Miliary fever. 
Genus 7.—Scarlatina. Scarlet fever. 
Genus 8.—Urtica'ria. Nettle-rash. 
Genus 9.—Peniphigus. Vesicular fever. 
Genus 10.—Aph'tha. Superficial ulcer of the 
mouth. 
Order IY.—H.emorrha'gi.e. Hemor- 
rhages. 
Genus 1.—Epistax'is. Bleeding at the nose. 
Genus 2.—Hsemop'tysis. Spitting of blood. 
Genus 3.—Hreinor'rhois. The Piles. 
Genus 4.—Menorrha'gia. Menorrhagy. 
Order Y.—Proeuj'viA. Morbid Dis- 
charges, or Fluxes. 
Genus 1.—Catar'rhus. Catarrh. 
Genus 2.—Dysente'ria. Dysentery. 
CLASS II. 
NEUROSES. Nervous Diseases. 
Order I.—Co'mata. Soporose Diseases. 
Genus l.-*-Apoplexla. Apoplexy. 
Genus 2.—Paral'ysis. Palsy. 
Order II.—Adtna'mi.e. Diseases con- 
sisting of a loss or deficiency of the 
Vital Power. 
Genus 1.—Syn'cope. Fainting. 
Genus 2.—Dyspep'sia. Indigestion. 
Genus 3.—Hypochondri'asis. Vapors, or low 
spirits. 
Genus 4.—Chloro'sis. Green-sickness. 
Order III.—Spas'mi. Spasms. 
Genus 1.—Tet'anus. Tetanus. 
Genus 2.—Tris'mus. Locked-jaw. 
Genus 3.—Convul'sio. Convulsion. 
Genus 4.—Chore'a. St. Vitus’ Dance. 
Genus 5.—Rapha'nia. 
Genus 6.—Epilep'sia. Epilepsy. 
Genus 7.—Palpita'tio. Palpitation. 
Genus 8.—Asth'ma. Asthma. 
Genus 9.—Dyspnoe'a. Difficulty of breath- 
ing (not asthmatic). 
Genus 10.—Pertus'sis. Hooping-cough. 
Genus 11.—Pyro'sis. Water-brash. 
Genus 12.—Col'ica. Colic. 
Genus 13.—Chol'era. Cholera. 
Genus 14.—Diarrhoe'a. Diarrhoea. 
Genus 15.—Diabe'tes. Diabetes. 
Genus 16.—Ilyste'ria. Hysterics. 
Genus 17.—Ilydropho'bia. 
Order IV.—Vesa'ni.e. Mental De- 
rangements. 
Genus 1.—Amen'tia. Idiocy, or Imbecility. 
Genus 2.—Melancholia. Melancholy. 
Genus 3.—Ma'nia. Madness, Delirium with- 
out fever. 
Genus 4.—Oneirodynia. Nightmare, or Som- 
nambulism. 
CLASS III. 
CACHEXIJE. Cachectic Diseases. 
Order I.—Marco'res. Emaciations. 
Genus 1.—Ta'bes. Wasting, or Decline. 
Genus 2.—Atro'phia. Atrophy. 
Order II.— Intumes- 
cence. (Swelling of a part or tha 
whole of the body without inflamma- 
tion.) 
Genus 1.—Polysar'cia. Excessive corpulence. 
Genus 2.—Pneumato'sis. Windy swelling! 
Genus 3.—Tympani'tes. Wind dropsy, nr em- 
physema. 
Germs 4.—Physome'tra. Windy swelling of 
the womb. 
Genus 5.—Anasar'ca. General dropsy. 
Genus 6.—Ilydroceph'alus. Dropsy of the 
brain. 
Genus 7.—Hydrorachi'tis (or Ilydrorrhachi- 
tis). Dropsy of the spine. 
Genus 8.—Ilydrotho'rax. Dropsy of the 
chest. 
Genus 9.—Ascites. Dropsy of the belly. 
Genus 10.—Ilydrome'tra. Dropsy of the 
womb. 
Genus 11.—Hydrocele. Dropsy of the tes- 
ticle. 
Genus 12.—Physco'nia. Enlargement of the 
abdomen. 
Genus 13.—Rachitis. Rickets. 
Order III.—Impetig'ines. Cachectic 
Condition of the Skin or External Por- 
tion of the Body. 
Genus 1.—Scroph'ula [Scrof'ula]. Scrofula. 
Genus 2.—Syphilis. Venereal disease. 
Genus 3.—Scorbu'tus. Scurvy. 
Genus 4.—Elephantiasis. 
Genus 5.—Lep'ra. Leprosy. 
Genus 6.—Franibce'sia. The Taws. 
Genus 7.—Tricholna. Hair-disease. 
Genus 8.—Ic'terus. Jaundice. 
701 CULLEN’S NOSOLOGY. 
CLASS IV. 
LOCALES. Local Diseases. 
Order I.— Depraved or 
Defective Perceptions. 
Genus 1.—Cali'go. Dimness of sight, or 
blindness. 
Genus 2.—Amauro'sis. Amaurosis. 
Genus 3.—Dyso'pia, or Dysop'sia. Painful 
or defective vision. 
Genus 4.—Pseudoblep'sis. False or depraved 
vision. 
Genus 5.—Dyseco'ia, or Dysecoe'a. Deafness. 
Genus 6.—Paracu'sis. Morbid or depraved 
hearing. 
Genus 7.—Anos'mia. Loss of the sense of 
smell. 
Genus 8.—Ageus'tia. Loss of taste. 
Genus 9.—Aiuestlre'sia. Loss of feeling or 
touch. 
Order II.—Dysorex'ije. Depraved 
Appetites. 
Germs 1.—Bulim'ia. Insatiable hunger. 
Genus 2.—Polydip'sia. Excessive (morbid) 
thirst. 
Genus 3.—Pi'ca. Depraved or perverted ap- 
petite. 
Genus 4.—Satyri'asis. Excessive (morbid) 
sexual desire in males. 
Genus 5.—Nyinphoma'nia. Excessive (mor- 
bid) sexual desire in females. 
Genus 6.—Nostal'gia. Homesickness. 
Genus 7.—Auorex'ia. Want of appetite. 
Genus 8.—Adip'sia. A morbid absence of 
thirst. 
Genus 9.—Anaplirodis'ia. Absence of sexual 
desire or of genital power. 
Order III.—Dyscixe'si.®. Defective or 
Imperfect Power of Motion. 
Genus 1.—Apho'nia. Loss of voice. 
Genus 2.—Mu'titas. Dumbness. 
Genus 3.—Parapho'nia. Depraved or dis- 
eased voice, referring to the sounds as uttered in 
the larynx. 
Genus 4.—Psellis'mus. Defective or depraved 
articulation. 
Genus 5.—Strabis'mus. Squinting, or Cross- 
Eye. 
Genus 6.—Contractu'ra. Contracture. 
Order IV.—Apocexo'ses. Morbid 
Evacuations. 
Genus 1.—Profu'sio. Hemorrhage. 
Genus 2.—Ephidro'sis. Excessive morbid per- 
spiration. 
Genus 3.—Epiph'ora. A superabundant se- 
cretion of tears. 
Genus 4.-—Ptyalis'mus. Salivation. 
Genus 5.—Enure'sis. Inamtinency of urine. 
Genus 6.—Gonorrlioe'a. Discharge from the 
urethra. 
Order V.—Epis'cheses. Suppression 
of Excretions. 
Genus 1.—Obstipa'tio. Constipation, or Cos- 
tiveness. 
Genus 2.—Ischu'ria. Detention or stoppage 
of the urine. 
Genus 3.—Dysu'ria. Difficult or painful dis- 
charge of urine. 
Genus 4.—Dyspermatis'mus. Imperfect or 
deficient discharge of semen. 
Genus 5.—Amenorrhoe'a. Absence or stop- 
page of the menstrual discharge. 
Order VI.—Tumo'res. Tumors. 
Genus 1.—Aneuris'ma. Aneurism. 
Genus 2.—Ya'rix. Enlarged or swollen veins. 
Genus 3.—Ecchymo'ma. Suggilation or suf- 
fusion of blood into the areolar tissue. 
Genus 4.—Scir'rhus (Schir'rns). Schirrus. 
Genus 5.—Can'cer. Cancer. 
Genus 6.—Bu'bo. Bubo. 
Genus 7.—Sarco'ina. Sarcoma. 
Genus 8.—Verru'ca. Wart. 
Genus 9.—Cla'vus. Corn. 
Genus 10.—Lu'pia. Wen. 
Genus 11.—Gan'glion. A hard, movable tu- 
mor on a tendon. 
Genus 12.—Ilyd'atis. Hydatid. 
Genus 13.—Hydrar'thrus. White swelling. 
Genus 14.—Exosto'sis. Tumor of a bone. 
Order VII.—Ecto'pi.e. Displacements, 
or Protrusions. 
Genus 1.—Iler'nia. Rupture. 
Genus 2.—Prolap'sus. Prolapse. 
Genus 3.—Luxa'tio. Luxation. 
Order VIII.—Dial'yses. Solutions of 
Continuity. 
Genus 1.—Vul'nus. Wound. 
Genus 2.—Ul'cus. Ulcer. 
Genus 3.—Her'pes. Tetter, or Serpigo. 
Genus 4.—Tin'ea. Scalled-head. 
Genus 5.—Pso'ra. Itch. 
Genus 6.—Fractu'ra. Fracture. 
Genus 7.—Ca'ries. Decay or ulceration of a 
bone. 
702 CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES ACCORDING TO 
GOOD S NOSOLOGY. 
CLASS I. 
CfELI'ACA. Diseases of the Digestive Func- 
tion. 
Order I.—Enter'ica. Diseases affect- 
ing the Alimentary Canal. 
Genus 1.—Odon'tia. Misdentition, or dis- 
eases affecting the teeth. 
Genus 2.—Ptyalis'mus. Plyalism, or dis- 
eases affecting the salivary secretion. 
Genus 3.—Dyspha'gia. Difficulty of swal- 
lowing. 
Genus 4.—Dipso'sis. Morbid thirst. 
Genus 5.—Limo'sis. Morbid appetite. 
Genus 6.—Col'ica. Colic. 
Genus 7.—Copros'tasis. Costiveness. 
Genus 8.—Diarrhce'a. Looseness. 
Genus 9.—Chol'era. Cholera. 
Genus 10.—Enterol'ithus. Intestinal concre- 
tions. 
Genus 11.—Ilelmin'thia. Worms. 
Genus 12.—Proc'tica. Diseases affecting the 
anus or rectum. 
Order II.—Splanch'xica. Diseases 
affecting the Collatitious Viscera,—i.e. 
the Liver, Spleen, Pancreas, &c. 
Genus 1.—Ic'terus. Yellow jaundice. 
Genus 2.—Melas'na. Me.lena. 
Genus 3.—Cholol'ithus. Gall-stone. 
Genus 4.—Parabys'ma. Visceral turgescence. 
CLASS II. 
PNECMATTCA. Diseases of the Respiratory 
Function. 
Order I.—Phon'ica. Diseases affecting 
the Vocal Avenues. 
Genus 1.—Cory'za. Nasal catarrh. 
Genus 2.—Pol'ypus. Polypus. 
Genus 3.—Rhon'chus. Rattling in the throat. 
Genus 4.—Apho'nia. Dumbness. 
Genus 5.—Dvspho'nia. Dissonance of the voice. 
Genus 6.—Psellis'nius. Dissonant speech. 
Order II.—Pneumon'ica. Diseases 
affecting the Lungs. 
Genus 1.—Bex. Cough. 
Genus 2.—Laryngis'mus. Laryngic suffoca- 
tion. 
Genus 3.—Dyspnce'a. 7 Difficulty of breath* 
ing, anhelation. 
Genus 4.—Asth'ma. Asthma. 
Genus 5.—Ephial'tes. Incubus. 
Genus 6.—Sternal'gia. Suffocative breast- 
pang. 
Genus 7.—Pleural'gia. Pain in the side. 
CLASS III. 
HA5MATICA. Diseases of the Sanguineous 
Function. 
Order I.—Ptrec'tica. Fevers. 
Genus 1.—Ephem'era. Diary fever. 
Genus 2.—An'etus. Intermittent fever. Ague. 
Genus 3.—Epan'etus. Remittent fever. 
Genus 4.—Ene'cia. Continued fever. 
Order II.—Phlogot'ica. Inflammations. 
Genus 1.—Aposte'ma. Aposteme, or Abscess. 
Genus 2.—Phleg'mone. Phlegmon. 
Genus 3.—Phy'ma. Tuber. 
Genus 4.—Ion'thus. Whelk. 
Genus 5.—Phly'sis. 
Genus 6.—Erythe'ma. Inflammatory blush. 
Genus 7.—Ernpres'ma. Visceral inflammce- 
tion. 
Genus 8.—Ophthal'mia. Ophthalmy. 
Genus 9.—Catar'rhus. Catarrh. 
Genus 10.—Dysente'ria. Dysentery. 
Genus 11.—Bucue'mia. Tumid leg. 
Genus 12.—Arthro'sia. Articular inflamma- 
tion. 
Order III.—Exanthemat'ica. Erup- 
tive Fevers. 
Genus 1.—Enanthe'sis. Rash exanthem. 
Genus 2.—Emphly'sis. Ichorous exanthem. 
Genus 3.—Empye'sis. Pustulous exanthem. 
Genus 4.—Antlira'cia. Carbuncular exan 
them. 
Order IY.—Dysthet'ica. Cachectic 
Diseases. 
Genus 1.—Pletho'ra. Plethora. 
Genus 2.—Ilseniorrha'gia. Haemorrhage. 
Genus 3.—Maras'mus. Emaciation. 
Genus 4.—Melano'sis. 
Genus 5.—Stru'ma. Scrofula. 
Genus 6.—Car'd mis. Cancer. 
Genus 7.—Lu'es. Venereal disease. 
703 GOOD S NOSOLOGY. 
Genus 8.—Elephanti'asis. Elephant-skin. 
Genus 9.—Catacau'sis. Catacausis. 
Genus 10.—Por'phyra. Scurvy. 
Genus 11.—Exan'gia. 
Genus 12.—Gangree'na. Gangrene. 
Genus 13.—Ul'cus. Ulcer. 
Genus 3.—Blenorrhoe'a. Gonorrhoea. 
Genus 4.—Spermorrlioe'a. Seminal flux. 
Genus 5.—Galac'tia. Mislactation. 
Order IT.—Orgas'tica.. Diseases 
affecting the Orgasm. 
Genus 1.—Chloro'sis. Greensickness. 
Genus 2.—Proeo'tia. Genital precocity. 
Genus 3.—Lagne'sis. Lust 
Genus 4.—Agene'sia. Male sterility. 
Genus 5.—Apho'ria. Female sterility. 
Genus 6.—JEdopto'sis. Genital prolapse. 
Order III.—Carpot'ica. Diseases 
affecting the Impregnation. 
Genus 1.—Paracye'sis. Morbid pregnancy. 
Genus 2.—Parodyn'ia. Morbid labor. 
Genus 3.—Eccye'sis. Extra-uterine feeta- 
tion. 
Genus 4.—Pseudocye'sis. Spurious pregi 
nancy. 
CLASS IV. 
NEUROTICA. Diseases of the Nervous Func- 
tion. 
Order I.—Phren'ica. Diseases affect- 
ing the Intellect. 
Genus 1.—Ecphro'nia. Insanity. 
Genus 2.—Empathe'ma. Ungovernable pas- 
sion. 
Genus 3.—Alu'sia. Illusion, or Hallucination. 
Genus 4.—Aphel'xia. Rcvery. 
Genus 5.—Paronir'ia. Sleep-disturbance. 
Genus 6.—Mo'ria. Fatuity. 
Order II.—ASsthet'ica. Diseases af- 
fecting the Sensations or Perceptions. 
Genus 1.—Parop'sis. Morbid sight. 
Genus 2.—Paracu'sis. Morbid hearing. 
Genus 3.—Paros'mis. Morbid smell. 
Genus 4.—Parageu'sis. Morbid taste. 
Genus 5.—Parap'sis. Morbid touch. 
Genus 6.—Neural'gia. Nerve-ache, or pain 
in the nerves. 
Order III.—Cinet'ica. Diseases af- 
fecting the 3Iusclcs. 
Genus 1.—Enta'sia. Constrictive spasm. 
Genus 2.—Clo'nus. Clonic spasm. 
Genus 3.—Syn'clonus. Synclonic spasm. 
Order IV.—Systat'ica. Diseases af- 
fecting several or all the Sensorial 
Powers simultaneously. 
Genus 1.—Agryp'nia. Sleeplessness. 
Genus 2.—Dyspho'ria. Restlessness. 
Genus 3.—Antipathi'a. Antipathy. 
Genus 4.—Cephalas'a. Headache. 
Genus 5.—Di'nus. Dizziness. 
Genus 6.—Syn'cope. Syncope. 
Genus 7.—Syspa'sia. Comatose spasm. 
Genus 8.—Ca'rus. Torpor. 
CLASS V. 
GENETICA. Diseases of the Sexual Function. 
Order I.—Cenot'ica. Diseases affect- 
ing the Fluids. 
Genus 1.—Parame'nia. Mismenstruation. 
Genus 2.—Leucorrhoe'a. Whites. 
CLASS VI. 
ECCRITICA. Diseases of the Excernent 
Function. 
Order I.—Mesot'ica. Diseases affect- 
ing the Parenchyma. 
Genus 1.—Polysar'cia. Corpulency. 
Genus 2.—Emphy'ma. Tumor. 
Genus 3.—Paros'tia. Misossification. 
Genus 4.—•Cyrto'sis. Contortion of the 
bones. 
Genus 5.—Osthex'ia. Osthexy. 
Order II.—Catot'ica. Diseases 
affecting Internal Surfaces. 
Genus 1.—Ily'drops. Dropsy. 
Genus 2.—Emphyse'ma. Inflation, wind 
dropsy. 
Genus 3.—Paru'ria. Mismicturition. 
Genus 4.—Lith'ia. Urinary calculus. 
Order III.—Acrot'ica. Diseases 
affecting the External Surface. 
Genus 1.—Ephidro'sis. Morbid sweat. 
Genus 2.—Exanthe'sis. Cutaneous blush. 
Genus 3.—Exor'niia. Papulous skin. 
Genus 4.—Eepido'sis. Scale-skin. 
Genus 5.—Ecplily'sis. Dlains. 
Genus 6.—Ecpye'sis. Humid scatt. 
Genus 7.—Ma'lis. Cutaneous Termination. 
Genus 8.—Ecphy'ma. Cutaneous excrescence. 
Genus 9.—Tricho'sis. Morbid hair. 
Genus 10.—Epichro'sis. Macular skin. 
704