4 • •4C658 £ ^ i ^J- 3NI3I03W JO AIVBBI1 IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO ilVIIII IVNOIIVN 3NI3I03W JO ABVI "5C NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY ARY OF MEDIC 3NI3I03W JO All Via II IVNOIiVN 3NI3I03W JO AHVUflll IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3W JO ABVI NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE NATIONAL LIBRARY 3NI3IQ3W JO 1IVIIM IVNOIiVN 3NI3I03W JO ABVH9M IVNOIIVN 3NI3IQ3 V JO A«VI * % A DISPENSATORY AND THERAPEUTICAL REMEMBRANCER; COMPRISING THE ENTIRE LISTS OF MATERIA MEDICA, PREPARATIONS AND COMPOUNDS, WITH A FULL AND DISTINCT VERSION OF EVERY PRACTICAL FORMULA, AS AUTHORIZED BY THE LONDON, ^EDINBURGH AND DUBLIN ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, IN THE LATEST EDITIONS OF THEIR SEVERAL PHARMACOPEIAS; TO WHICH ARE SUBJOINED COPIOUS RELATIVE TABLES, EXEMPLIFYING APPROVED FORMS UNDER WHICH COMPATIBLE MEDICINES, &C. MAY BE EXTEMPORANEOUSLY COMBINED, &C. &C. &C. \ By JOHN MAYNE, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edin. K _______ REVISED, WITH THE ADDITION OF THE FORMULA OF THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPCEIA, ETC. By R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M. D., AUTHOR OF '"MEDICAL BOTANY," ETC. ETC. PHILADELPHIA: LEA AND BLANCHAR 1848. QV Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year lsIS, by LEA AND BLANCHARD, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the* Eastern District of Pennsylvania. PHILADELPHIA: T. K. AND P. G. COLLINS, PRINTERS. ROBERT LISTON, ESQ., SURGEON, F. R. S., &C. &C. THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED, AS AN EXPRESSION OF RESPECTFUL ESTEEM AND ADMIRATION, AND IN GRATEFUL REMEMBRANCE OF KINDNESS RECEIVED, BY HIS OBEDIENT SERVANT, (AND OLD PUPIL,) THE AUTHOR. PREFACE. • The following volume will be found to differ essentially in design and construction from any other Manual (professing simi- larity of purpose) that has yet appeared.; while, at same time, the entire plan of arrangement adopted throughout its pages will, it is hoped, become apparent under the slightest examination. Among the numerous class of Compends, Lists, &c &c. of Materia Medica already before the Profession, there are doubtless many which, in individual respects, possess superlative merit, and evince much ingenuity; it cannot fail to have been remarked, however, that in no one instance of these, and only in a few of higher pretensions and greater compass, has the attempt been made at embracing what is carried out in the present work— namely, an unabridged practical formulary of the three British Pharmacopoeias; and this in addition to a full amount of collect- ive information as to the uses, &c, of the different medicines ; and other important points relating to remedial means and appli- ances. The various advantages derivable from possession of a clear and comparative view—such as is herein submitted—of the Offi- cinal Preparations directed by the high authorities referred to, are self-evident, and must be appreciated by the Prescriber, as well as the Dispenser, of medicines. Another feature of originality, which it is expected will prove highly serviceable, is the introduction—wherever deemed requi- site—of extemporaneous formulae into the work. These are separated from the pharmacopoeial or continuous text of each page where they occur, by a short horizontal line—in the man- 1* VI PREFACE. ner of foot-notes; and, it need scarcely be explained, are intended to assist the practitioner's memory, by suggestion of forms and combinations most suitable for the medicinal substances to which they are annexed. The required quantities of ingredients men- tioned in said formulas are purposely omitted. In the prosecution of his task, the author has been encouraged by the firmest persuasion that a Ready Reckoner of the present kind was greatly desiderated ;—in this view, therefore, he respect- fully commends the Dispensatory to the notice of those for whose use it was undertaken. PREFACE TO AMERICAN EDITION. This work is so excellent a compend of the Officinal pro- cesses directed by the three British Colleges, and in so conve- nient and portable a form, that an edition of it, also comprising those of the United States Pharmacopoeia, can not fail to be useful to the Medical Profession in this country. In revising it for publication great care has been taken to supply deficiencies and to correct any errors. The additions have been very copious, including the formulae of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and some from other sources. The English names of the various preparations have also been appended, and a double index of these and the Latin appellations given. The work now gives a clear and comparative view of all the officinal preparations directed by the authorities referred to, so as to enable the prescriber to see at a glance wherein they differ, and to select such as are best suited to fulfil the indication of the case. R. E. G. Chestnut St., March, 1848. ADVERTISEMENT. The terms herein employed to designate the various Classes of Medicines, are placed in alphabetical order along the tops of the pages. And to obviate difficulty of any kind, a complete Index is added at the end. Distribution of the Materia Medica under the general terms Alteratives, Antacids, &c, has been considered better suited to a work intended for instant reference, than a more scientific subdi- vision. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Classification of the Materia Medic a. Alteratives. Deobstruents, 13 Antacids. Absorbents, 32 Anthelmintics, .... 42 Antispasmodics, .... Aromatics, . . . 47 60 Astringents. Styptics, Carminatives, ..... • 61 80 Cathartics. Eccoprotics. Drastics, &c, 87 Demulcents. Nutrients. Diluents, . 120 Diaphoretics, ..... 131 Disinfectants. Correctives, 140 Diuretics, ..... 142 Emetics, ..... 156 Emmfinagogues, .... Emollients, .... 161 166 Epispastics. Detergents. Rubefacients, &c. Errhines. Sternutatories, 171 181 Expectorants. Nauseants, Narcotics. Calmants. Sedatives. Hypnotic s, . 182 191 Refrigerants, .... Sialagogues, .... Stimulants, .... Tonics, .... . 215 . 221 . 223 . 245 Process of Percolation, Weights and Measures, . 285 . 285 Poisons, Antidotes, &c. . Index, • 287 . 301 A DISPENSATORY. ALTERATIVES, DEOBSTRUENTS. Antimonii et Potassae Tartras, u. s. antimonii potassio-tartras, l. antimonium tartarizatum, E. ANTIMONII ET P0TASS.E TAR- TRAS, sive tartartjm emeticum, d. Tartarized Antimony. Tartar Emetic. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic dyspepsia (combined with opium, it has been found highly serviceable in delirium tremens), pneumo- nia, pleurisy (after employment of venesection), cutaneous dis- eases. Dose, gr. 5—gr. i.; generally combined with other me- dicines. ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM PR.ECIPITATUM, V. S. ANTIMONII OXYSULPHURETUM, L. ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM AUREUM, e. sulphur antimoniatum fuscum, d. Precipitated >ul- phuret of Antimony. "**-«*,. Use.—(Intl.) in cutaneous affections, chronic rheumatism. R R Antimony. Antim. et potassae tart. Ammonias carb. Sp. aether, nitrici Misturae camphorae M. (in delirium tremens). Antim. et potassae tart. Ext. colocynthidis com. Saponis Rhei, pulv. M. et div. in pil. R Hydrarg. chloridi mite Antimonii et potassae tart. Ext. opii purificati Misturae acaciae. F. mistur. R Hydrarg. chloridi mite Antimonii et potassae tart. Ext. taraxaci Div. mass. in pil. R Antimonii et potassae tart. Scillae, pulv. 2 F. mass. Ext. hyosciami aeq. et div. R Pulv. antimonii comp. Hydrarg. chloridi mite Confectionis ros. (vel colocy.) M. f. mas. R Antim. et potassae tart. Pil. Hydrarg. Ammoniaci Saponis Extracti aloes purif. in pilulas. R Antim. et potassae tart. Hydrarg. c. creta Saccharialb.(vel rhei, pulv.) M. f. pulvis. R Antimonii sulph. precip. Hydrarg. chloridi mite Ext. gentianae F. pil. ext. pil. Div. 14 ALTERATIVES. Dose, gr. i.—grs. v., 2ce or 3ce daily, as pill (generally com- bined with a mercurial). pulvis antimonii compositus,l. pulvis antimonialis, e. d. Compound Powder of Antimony. Antimonial Powder. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; but its action is by no means to be relied on, as much as from 60 to 130 grain doses having, in some cases, been taken without the smallest effect being induced. The potassio-tartrate may be so regulated as better to answer all purposes intended. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. xx. Acidlim Arseniosum, u. s. l. Arsenicum album, e. arsenici OXYDUM ALBUM, et ARSENICI OXYDUM ALBUM SUBLIMATUM, D. Arsenious Acid. (v. Tonics.) Use.—(Intl.) in some cutaneous diseases (elephantiasis, lepra, &c.) Dose, gr. 1-16—gr. £, in pill. The solution is preferable. (Extl.) sometimes applied as caustic in form of lotion to cancer- ous diseases, (Acid, arsen., and carb. potass., each grs. viii.— water, ^iv.) LIQUOR POTASS.E ARSENITIS, U. S. L. LIQUOR ARSENICALIS, e. d. Solution of Arsenite of Potassa. Fowler's Solu- tion, [prep:—v. tonics.) Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, in. v.—m. xv., 2ce daily. Barii Cnloridum, u. s. l. baryta murias, e. d. Muriate of Baryta. Use.—(Intl.) in glandular obstructions, scrofulous and other tumours, skin diseases. The acrid qualities of this salt prevent its being much resorted to as a remedy. Its chief employment Arsenic. R Acidi arseniosi Opii, pulv. Saponis F. massa in pil. R Acidi arseniosi Opii, pulv. Micae panis F. pil. R Liquor potassae arsenitis Vini opii (vel electuarium opii, Ed. Ph.) Aq. cinnamomi (vel Aq. menth. viridis) Aq. destillatae Misce F. mistura R Liquor potass, arsenitis Syrupi croci Tr. cardamomi Aq. destillatae M. Dosis,&c. Chloride of Barium. R Barii chloridi Adipis F. Unguentum. (The utmost caution must be observed in its employment.) ALTERATIVES. 15 is as a chemical reagent, and to prepare the Liquor. (Extl.) in cases of scrofulous enlargements, employed in form of ointment (Chloride of bar. $i., lard. §i.) r. S. L. SOLUTIO BARYT^E MURIAIis, s. i»AiiYi'.E .iii/KiATfs ao.ua, d. Solution of Chloride of Barium. Prep.—Dissolve chloride of barium $i. (£i. u. s.) in distilled water £i. (f. ^iij. u. s.); strain, u. s. l. e.—or—Dissolve muriate of baryta 1 part, in distilled water 3 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofula, glandular enlargements, syphilis, cu- taneous affections, &c. Dose, m. v.—m. x. in some bland fluid, 2ce or 3ce daily. (Extl.) has been recommended to be applied to scrofulous tumours, specks on the cornea, fungous sores; but seldom thus trusted. barytjE carbonas, u. s. l. e. Carbonate of Baryta. baryta sulphas, e. d. Sulphate of Baryta. Use.—Only for preparing the Chloride of Barium. barytje nitras, e. Nitrate of Baryta. Use.—See '.h-> following:--• , e. Solution of Nitrate of Baryta. Prep.—Dissolve nitrate of baryta, grs. 40, in distilled water grs. 800; keep in well-closed bottles. Use.—Only as a test. Brominum, u. s. brominium, l. bromine. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofulous affections, glandular enlargements, and those diseases generally for which exhibition of iodine has been required: but where a more powerful remedy (of the same class) seems indicated. Dose, gr. 1-16—gr. ss. in solution, sel- dom employed. The following is a preferable form:— potassii bromidum, l. Bromide of Potassium. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing; has been considered serviceable in ascites, enlarged spleen, &c. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. xv. made into pill, or as solution. « Bromine. R Brominii, 1 part by weight. Aquae, (vel spir. rectif.) 40 parts. M. solve : dosis, m. v.—vi. (sufficiently diluted, and with syrup); may also be used as a lotion. R Potassii bromid. (with, per- haps, a little bromine) Adipis F. unguentum. 16 ALTERATIVES. Calcii Chloridum, v. s. l. calcis murias, e. d. Chloride of Cal- cium. _ Use.—To prepare the following:— LIQUOR CALCII CHLORIDI, L. f &• CALCIS MURIATIS AQUA, D. SoiutlOUOi v_ ., jrnle Ui v ,il- cium. [prep:—v. tonics.] Use.—(Intl.) said to have been serviceable in scrofula, and bronchocele, and in cases of general debility. Dose, 3ss.—5*i'> 2ce or 3ce daily, (it affects the lymphatic glands and vessels chiefly.) Guaiaci lignum, u. s. l. e. The wood of Guaiacum officinale, u. s. l. guaiacum officinale, d. The wood. Resin, d. Guaiacum wood. Lignum-vitae. Use.—To afford the following:— guaiaci resina, tt. s. l. guaiacum, e. guaiacum offici- nale, d. Guaiac. Use.—(Intl.) in skin diseases, secondary symptoms of syphilis, scrofula. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx. as pills. Hydrargyrum, u. s. l. e. d. Mercury, (v. Sialagogues.) Use.—To afford various merr, Hydrargyrum Purificatum, d. Purified Mercury. (Purified by dis- tilling it.) Use.—See preceding. Guaiac. R Guaiaci resin. Pil. hydrarg. Misturae acaciae q. s.—ut f. massa, in pil. divid. R Guaiaci resinae. Pulv. ipecac, et opii Confect. rosae q. s.—fiat pilula (vel bolus) nocte sumenda. R Guaiaci resin. Hydrarg. chlorid mite Opii, pulv. Antimonii et potass, tart. F. massaaequ. etdiv. in pil. Mercury. R Guaiaci resinae Hydr. acetatis Aquae rosae Solvo. R Hydr. chloridi corros. Decoct, sarsaparill. comp. M. die sum. R Hydr. chloridi corros. Mistur. acaciae Liquor, calcis M. R Hydrarg. chloridi corros. Ammoniae murias Glycyrrhizae, pulv. Mellis Aquae destil. Exactissime conterantur, dividatur massa in pilulas ALTERATIVES. 17 hydrargyri acetas, d. Acetate of Mercury. Use.—(Intl.) in syphilis, and cases generally where employ- ment of mercury is indicated. Dose, gr. T.—grs. v. night and morning, (by no means to be relied on; it has been regarded as a mercurial of mild character, but it has not unfrequently induced violent action; and often, on the other hand, proves quite inert). (Extl.) applied, in solution, to cutaneous eruptions, and freckles. HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM, U. S. HYDRARGYRI AMMONIO- CHLORIDUM, L. HYDRARGYRI PR^CIPITATUM ALBUM, E. hydrargyri submurias ammoniatum, d. White Precipi- tate. Ammoniated Mercury. Use.—(Extl.) in scabies, &c, as ointment; v. Unguent, hydr. ammon. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM, U. S. HYDRARGYRI BI- CHLORIDUM, L. SUBLIMATUS CORROSIVUS, E. HYDRARGYRI murias corrosivum, d. Corrosive Chloride of Mercury. Corrosive Sublimate. Use.—(Intl.) where the immediate action of mercury is de- manded, as in some forms of scrofulous disease, syphilis, and inveterate secondary symptoms, lepra, and other tedious cutaneous affections,—especially those induced by venereal taint. Dose, gr. 1-12—gr. £. (Extl.) as gargle, collyrium, poultice, &c. HYDRARGYRI CYANURETUM, U. S. D. HYDRARGYRI BICYANI- dum, l. Cyanuret of Mercury. Use.—For affording hydrocyanic acid, (has been employed for same purposes as bichloride of mercury.) HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM, U. S. HYDRARGYRI BINIODIDUM, l. e. Red Iodide of Mercury. Use.—(Intl.) in primary and secondary syphilis, strumous affections, enlarged glands, venereal and other cutaneous diseases. R Hydrarg. chlor. corros. R Hydrarg. chlor. corros. Tr. cinchonae (vel tr. rhei) Aquae destil. Solve, sumat. e cyatho Fiat collyrium. infus. anthem, (vel aquae.) R Hydr. chloridi corros. R Hydrarg. chlor. corros. Spirit, rectif. F. solutio ; Acidi muriat. dos. ex cyatho decoct. Aquae destillatae sarsaparill. Misce, f. gargarisma. R Hydr. iodid. rub. R Hydr. chlor. corros. Ext. glycyrrhizae M. f. Micae panis massa in pil. divid. Aquae destil. R Hydr. iodid. rub. F. cataplasma. Alcoholis(velaetherissulph.) 2* Solve. 18 ALTERATIVES. Dose, gr. %—gr. £., 2ce or 3ce daily. (Its corrosive and irritating properties are scarcely less energetic than those of the bichloride.) HYDRARGYRI BINf>XYDUM, L. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM, D. The Red Oxide. Binoxide of Mercury. Use.—(Intl.) has sometimes been employed in desperate cases of syphilis, &c, when other mercurials have proved unavailing ; it is too energetic, however, for internal exhibition. Dose, gr. ss.—gr. j. combined with opium. (Extl.) applied to tedious chancres, and other sores. HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM, U. S. D. HYDRARGYRI bisulphuretum, l. cinnabaris, e. The Red Sulphuret. Use.—(Extl. only) to fumigate venereal-cutaneous diseases, and syphilitic ulcers of the mouth, throat, nose. For this pur- pose, let 3ss.—%'i. De placed on a heated iron of convenient form, and the vapours inhaled. Sores on the genitals, gouty and rheu- matic limbs, &c, have been successfully treated by this kind of fumigation. HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE, U. S. HYDRARGYRI CHLORI- DUM, L. CALOMELAS, E. CALOMELAS SUBLIMATUM, et CALO- melas pr^cipitatum, d. Mild Chloride of Mercury. Calomel. Use.—(Intl.) in venereal diseases, primary and secondary ; cu- R Hydrarg. binoxydi Opii, pulv. Misturae acaciae, q. s. ut f. pilulae R Hydr. chloridi mit. Ext. conii M. ut f. pil. in die sum. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Opii, pulv. Confec. rosae Fiant pil. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Pulv. Jacobi veri Ext. hyosciami Syrupi Fiant pil. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Pulv. antimonii comp. F. pulvis. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Ext. taraxaci Fiant pil. sumant. in die. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Digitalis, pulv. Zinci oxidi Opii, pulv. Syrupi tolutani F. pil. quotidie sumendae. R Hydr.-cum creta Magnesiae carb. Ipecacuan., pulv. F. pulv. R Hydrarg. cum creta Ipecacuan. pulv. F. pulv. om. nocte sumendus. R Hydr. cum creta Pul. ipecacuanha? etopii F. pulvis. R Hydrarg. c. creta (vel mag- nesia, D. Ph.) Pulv. ipecacuan. et opii M. R Hydr. cum creta Rhei, pulv. Misce f. pulvis, omni nocte sumendus. ALTERATIVES. 19 taneous affections, liver complaints; scrofula. Dosegrs. i.—grs. iii. night and morning, with opium to prevent its moving the bowels. HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA, U. S. L. E. D. MerCliry with Chalk. Prep.—Rub together mercury |iii., and prepared chalk fv., till all the globules disappear, u. s. l. e.—or—Take purified mercury, and manna, each 2 parts ; precipitated carbonate of lime 1 part. Rub together the mercury and manna^ adding drops of water enough to give the mixture a syrup consistence. When the globules disappear, add £ part of the lime, and continue the trituration ; mix all perfectly, and now pour in hot water 16 parts —shake. Let the mixture stand until the sediment subsides, then pour off the liquor ; repeat the washing twice more, so as to wash away the manna ; mix the still moist sediment with the rest of the carb. of lime, and dry on bibulous paper, d. Use.—(Intl.) in secondary syphilis: torpid conditions of the liver, to correct derangement of the bowels, especially in chil- dren. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx. Not much used. hydrargyrum cum magnesia, d. Mercury with Magnesia. Prep.—Same as foregoing, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as H. cum Creta. Dose, grs. x. —grs. xxx. hydrargyri iodidum, u.s. l. Iodide of Mercury. Use.—(Intl.) in strumous affections ; syphilitic diseases (espe- cially of scrofulous habits), but mostly employed externally as ointment. Dose, gr. i.—grs. iii. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM, U. S. E. HYDRARGYRI NITRICO- OXYDUM, L. HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM NITRICUM, D. Nitric Oxide of Mercury. Red Precipitate. Use.—(Intl.) has been given in obstinate syphilitic complaints, which have withstood the action of the more usual mercurials. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. ii. as pill,—but from its powerfully irritant qualities, should never be used internally. (Extl.) as an escha- rotic (rubbed to fine powder and dusted over the part) to destroy warts, spongy excrescences, &c, and as an application to chan- cres and ill-conditioned sores. R Hydrarg. c. creta R Hydr. iodidi Sacchari alb. M. f. pulvis. Ext. gentianae Ext. sarsaparill. M. f. massa, et divide in pil. 20 ALTERATIVES. HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM, U. S. HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM, L. hydrargyri oxydum nigrum, d. The gray or black Oxide of Mercury. Prep.—Mix together chloride of mercury (calomel) 3i., and lime water cong. i. (Imperial measure) ; shake frequently, then set aside, and after subsidence of the oxide, pour off the liquor portion. Wash the oxide in distilled water until nothing alka- line is perceptible; wrap in bibulous paper, and let it dry thus, u. s. l.—or—Rub together sublimed calomel 1 part, and water of caustic potass (made hot) 4 parts, till a black-coloured oxide is formed; wash frequently with water, then dry it at a moderate heat, on bibulous paper, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as calomel: also in torpid conditions of the liver, &c. It has been supposed to agree with the stomach and bowels better than other mercurials, but it is rarely selected. Dose, gr. i.—grs. iii., in pill, 2ce daily. (Extl.) the entire mix- ture of oxide and lime-water, better known as the Black Wash, is a valuable application for syphilitic and sluggish sores. HYDRARGYRI SULPHUS FLAVUS, U. S. HYDRARGYRI OXYDUM sulphuricum, d. The yellow Sulphate of Mercury. Turpeth Mineral. Use.—(Intl.) formerly exhibited as the beginning of a mercu- rial course. Dose gr. ?—gr. i. (rarely employed). (Extl.) di- luted with starch powder, as an errhine; sometimes as an oint- ment in skin diseases. hydrargyri persulphas, d. Persulphate of Mercury. Use.—Only in preparation of chloride*"and bichloride of mer- cury. LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI BICHLORIDI, L. Solution of Corrosive Sublimate. Prep.—Dissolve together bichloride of mercury, and hydro- chlorate of ammonia, each grs. x., in distilled water Oi. Each §i. contains gr. ss. of corrosive sublimate. Use.—(Intl.) same as the bichloride (q. v.). Dose 3ss.—3ii. in some suitable vehicle. R Hydr. sulph. flav. Glycyrrhizae, pulv. M. intime (as an errhine). R Hydr. sulph. flav. Sulphuris Adipis Olei limon. Misce bene. R Pil. hydrarg. Antimonii et potassae tart. Saponis Ipecacuan., pulv. 01. anisi, q. s. ut fiant. pilu- lae sumanturin die. ALTERATIVES. 21 PILULE HYDRARGYRI, U. S. L. E. D. Blue Pill. Prep.—Under Sialagogues. Use.—Similar to calomel, but is preferable to any other mercu- rial for internal employment. Dose, gr. i.—grs. iii., 2ce daily, with minute additions of opium to prevent irritation. PILUL.E HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI COMPOSITE, L. PILULE CALO- melanos composite, e. d. Compound Calomel Pills. (This pill cannot be too carefully prepared.) Prep.—Rub together chloride of mercury, and oxysulphuret of antimony, each gii.—then with guaiac powdered ^ss.; and after- wards add treacle 3ii., so as to form suitable pill mass, l.—or— Mix together calomel, and golden sulphuret of antimony, each 1 part; guaiac finely powdered, and treacle, each 2 parts. Having reduced the solids to fine powder, add the treacle, then beat all into suitable mass. Divide into pills of 6 grains, e.—or—Rub together (so as to mix perfectly) calomel, and brown antimoniated sulphur, each 3i-» guaiac resin powdered 3ii-> then add molasses sufficient to form mass of proper consistence, d. Use.—Same as calomel; an efficacious remedy in cutaneous eruptions, more particularly those forms which are induced by secondary syphilis. Dose gr. i.—grs. x., night and morning; de- coction of sarsaparilla is a suitable accompaniment to this pill. [PILULE HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI MITIS, U. S. Calomel Pills. Prep.—Take of mild chloride of mercury (calomel) ^ss.; gum Arabic in powder, 3J-; syrup q. s. Mix together the chloride of mercury and the gum; then beat them with the syrup, so as to form a mass, to be divided into 240 pills, u. s. Use.—Same as calomel; each pill contains one grain.] pilule calomelanos et opii, E. Pills of Calomel and Opium. Prep.—Beat into suitable mass calomel 3 parts, opium 1 part, R Pil. hydrarg. Ext. hyosciami Ipecacuanhas, pulv. M. fiant pil. Om. noc. sum. R Pil. hydrarg. Ext. hyosciami Ext. colocynth. com. Ext. gentianae Ipecacuanhas, pulv. Saponis F. massa in pil. dividenda. R Pil. hydrarg. Antim. et potassae tart. Ammoniaci Assafcetid. Ext. aloes, purif. Saponis M. divide in pil. R Pil. hydrarg. Scillae, pulv. Digitalis, pulv. F. pil. R Pil. hydrarg. chloridi comp. Ext. taraxaci Ext. sarsaparill. Div. in pil 22 ALTERATIVES. conserve of red roses q. s.—divide into pills containing two grains of calomel each. Use.—As an alterative in cases where addition of opium is necessary. pilule hydrargyri iodidi, L. Pills of Iodide of Mercury. Prep.—Beat together iodide of mercury ^'\., confection of dog rose 3iii., and ginger powdered 3i., till they are incorporated. Use.—See internal use of Iodide of Mercury. Dose grs. v.— x., 2ce or 3ce daily. HYDRARGYRISULPHURETUM NIGRUM,D. HYDRARGYRISULPHU- RETUM cum sulphure, l. Black Sulphuret of Mercury. Ethiops Mineral. Prep.—Rub together mercury and sulphur, each Ifei. (i. e. equal parts) until the globules disappear, u. s. l. d. Use.—In cutaneous and strumous diseases: a preparation of-in- considerable mercurial power. Dose grs. v.—grs. xxx., rarely prescribed. ceratum hydrargyri compositum, l. Compound Cerate of Mercury. Prep.—Rub together stronger ointment of mercury, and soap cerate, each liv., camphor ^i., until incorporated. Use.—Applied to indolent tumours, and buboes, as a deobstruent. emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro, l. d. emplastrum ammoxiaci et hydrargyri, e. Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. Prep.—Gradually add sulphur grs. viii., to olive oil heated %\., stirring with a spatula until they combine ; now add mercury 3iii., and rub till all globules disappear; lastly add ammoniacum melted Ifei.—mix, l. e.—or—Rub purified mercury 3iii., in common tur- pentine 3ii-» until the metallic globules disappear; then slowly add pure gum ammoniac melted Ibi., and at a moderate heat tri- turate until they unite, d. Use.—Applied to enlarged and indurated glands, scrofulous tu- mours, white swellings ; venereal nodes, buboes. emplastrum hydrargyri, u.s. l. e. Mercurial Plaster. Prep.—Mercury gvi., olive oil, resin, each 5ij.,lead plaster Ibi.; R Pil. hydrarg. Confectionis aurantii cort. q. Quiniae sulphatis F. pil. s.—f. bolus nocte maneque R Hydr. sulph. nigri sumendus. Antimonii sulph. precip. R Hydr. sulph. nigri Pulv. antim. com. M. f. pulv. ALTERATIVES. 23 melt the oil and resin together, and when they have become cool, rub the mercury with them till the globules disappear, then gradu- ally add the lead plaster, previously melted, and mix the whole together, u. s. Slowly add sulphur grs. viii., to olive oil heated 3i-» stirring constantly until they are combined ; then add mercury % iii., and rub until all globules disappear. Now gradually add lead plaster (melted at a slow fire) Ibi.; mix all together, l.—or —Melt resin 3*i., in olive oil 3*ix.; let this cool, then add mercury 3iii., and triturate until globules disappear. Add to this, litharge plaster previously melted 3*vi., and mix all thoroughly, e. Use.—A discutient application in hepatic enlargements, buboes, and other venereal tumours; its action is less powerful than the preceding. Has been known to cause salivation. limmentum hydrargyri compositum, l. Compound Mer- curial Liniment. Prep.—Rub camphor §i., in rect. spirit 3i.; then with lard 3*iv., and strong mercurial ointment 3*iv.; add solution of ammonia 3*iv.; mix thoroughly. Use.—Applied (by rubbing in) to tedious tumours, especially those resulting from venereal affections, hepatic indurations, &c. 3i. may be administered night and morning. Said to induce sali- vation more immediately than even mercurial ointment. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI AMMONIATI, U.S. UNGUENTUM HY- DRARGYRI AMMONIO-CHLORIDI, L. UNGUENT. PRECIPITATI ALBI, E. UNGUENT. HYDRARGYRI SUBMURIATIS AMMONIATI, d. Ointment of Ammoniated Mercury. Prep.—To lard (melted over a slow fire) 3*iss., add ammoniated mercury 3U mix? L«—or—Melt axunge 3*iii., then add white pre- cipitate 3i'«; stir briskly while it cools and concretes, e.—or— Add ammoniated submuriate of mercury 3i-» to prepared lard melted (and in the state of becoming concrete) giss.; mix, d. Use.—In scabies, herpetic eruptions, sluggish ulcers, and to destroy pediculi, &c. unguentum hydrargyri biniodidi, l. Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. Prep.—Mix biniodideof mercury Ji., with white wax 3"ii., and lard 3*vi., melted together. Use.—As an active and stimulating dressing to aggravated ex- amples of tedious syphilitic, scrofulous, and other sores; much discretion is necessary to be observed in its employment. R Ungu. hydr. ammon. (In ascites, from peritoneal Unguent, iodini inflammation.) M. f. unguent. 24 ALTERATIVES. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI, U. S. E. D. UNGUENTUM HYDRAR- GYRI fortius, l. Mercurial Ointment. Prep.—With mercury, Ibii., and lard ^xxiii., proceed as fol- lows :—rub the mercury with a small quantity of the lard, and suet 3i., until the globules disappear; then add the rest of the lard, and mix, u. s. l. e.—or—Triturate together purified mer- cury, and prepared lard, equal weights, until the globules disap- pear, d. (This ointment is not well prepared so long as metallic globules may be seen in it with a magnifier of four powers. Edin. Ph.) . . Use.—In chronic hepatitis, and venereal affections; adminis- tered by rubbing into districts of the body where, from thinness of the cuticle, &c, its application is most suitable. The system is thus brought under the influence of mercury without risking derangement of the bowels, which so frequently follows its exhi- bition otherwise. Dose 3ss.—3iss., may be used night and morning. unguentum hydrargyri iodidi, l. Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. Prep.—Mix iodide of mercury 3*i., with white wax 3*ii., and lard 3*vi., melted together. Use.—As an application to tedious syphilitic ulcers, scrofulous and other sores. unguentum hydrargyri mitius, l. d. Mild Mercurial Oint- ment. Prep.—Mix together stronger mercurial ointment Ibi., and lard Ibii., l.—or—Proceed as directed for Unguentum Hydrargyri, witli purified mercury 1 part, and prepared lard 2 parts, d. The Edin. Phar. has no formula for this preparation, but suggests that mercurial (stronger) ointment may be diluted with 2ce or 3ce its weight of axunge. Use.—Same as Unguentum Hydrargyri Fortius (q. v.), in cases where a milder preparation is wanted; much employed as a dressing. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS, U. S. L. UNGUENTUM CITRINUM, E. UNGUENTUM NITRATIS HYDRARGYRI, vel UN- GUENTUM citrinum, d. Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. Citrine Ointment. Prep.—Dissolve mercury si., in nitric acid 3xi.; then mix this solution while hot,—with olive oil 3*iv., (fresh neat's foot oil R Unguent, hydr. (to be rubbed into region Camphorae f. unguentum. of the liver, &c. &c.) ALTERATIVES. 25 f 3*ix., u. s.) and lard 3*vi. (^iij., u. s.), melted together, u. s. l.—or —Proceed in same way with pure nitric acid 3*viii. and %vi., mer- cury 3*iv., axunge 3*xv., and olive oil ,?xxxii. If the mixture should not froth up, the heat must be slightly augmented so as to produce that effect, e.—or—With purified mercury by weight 3*i., nitric acid 3xiss«> prepared lard 3*iv., and olive oil Oi., proceed exactly as directed for the preparation of nitric acid ointment, d. Use.—As an application to various skin diseases (lupus, porrigo, &,c), particularly those infesting the scalp: and as a stimulating detergent dressing to indolent and foul sores; it is generally em- ployed diluted to half the above strength, by admixture of oil or lard, and in this state forms an efficacious remedy in ophthalmia, tarsi, &c. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI RUBRI, U. S. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRICO-OXYDI, L. UNGUENTUM OXIDI HYDRAR- GYRI, E. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXYDI NITRICI, D. Oint- ment of Red Oxide of Mercury. Prep.—Red oxide of mercury in very fine powder 3*i.; simple ointment ^viii. Add the oxide to the ointment previously soft- ened over a gentle fire, and mix, u. s. Mix nitric-oxide of mer- cury finely powdered 3*i.,—with white wax 3*ii., and lard 3*vi., previously melted together; mix, l. d.—or—Rub together into uniform mass, red oxide of mercury %i., and axunge 3*viii., e. Use.—Similar to the proceeding. Iodilium, u. s. iodinium, l. d. iodineum, e. Iodine, (v. Em- menagogues.) Use.—(Intl.) in glandular diseases, as goitre, swelled testicle, hepatic enlargements, &c. &c.; carcinoma and scirrhus of the uterus; chronic visceral affections, especially those attended by induration as well as thickening of parts; nodes, uterine obstruc- tions; gonorrhoea; scrofulous ophthalmia; active ulcerations. Dosegr. ^—grs. iv., as pill; not often employed thus. (A bath of iodine may be formed by adding it in the proportion of %i.— Iodine. R lodini R lodini, pulv. Potassii iodid. Potass, iodidi Aquae destil. M. f. embroc. Morphias acetatis (this may be diffused in a Unguent, hydr. fort. F. sufficiency of water for a unguentum cujus fricetur bath.) regio hepatica nocte R lodini maneque. Glycyrrhizas, pulv. Syrupi, q. s. ut f. mas. pil. 26 ALTERATIVES. to warm water Cong, xxv., for adults; or iodine gr. ss., to the quart of water, for children). TINCTURA IODINI COMPOSITA, U. S. TINCTURA IODINII COMPO- sita, l. Compound Tincture of Iodine. Prep.—Take of iodine gss.; iodide of potassium 3*j.; alcohol a pint. Dissolve the iodine and iodide of potassium in the al- cohol, u. s. Macerate (till dissolved) iodine 3*i., and iodide of potassium 3*ii., in rect. spirit Oii., strain, l. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofulous and syphilitic glandular diseases, &c.; see foregoing. Dose, m. v.—x—^i. (Extl.) in lupus, psoriasis, lepra, and various other cutaneous diseases, it has proved serviceable also in chilblains. A hair pencil will be found useful in applying the tincture to the parts affected. TINCTURA IODINI, U. S. TINCTURA IODINEI, E. TINCTURA iodinii, d. Tincture of Iodine. Prep.—Dissolve iodine 3*j. in alcohol Oi., u. s. Dissolve iodine 3*iiss., in rect. spirit Oii., at a moderate heat, shaking the while; keep in well stopped bottles, e,—or—Mix and dissolve iodine 9ii., in rect. spirit 3*i., by aid of heat; preserve in well- closed bottles, d. Use.—(Intl. and Extl.) same as foregoing, but of less efficacy. Dose, gtts. v.—>3ss. Tinctures of iodine do not retain their origi- nal strength for any time, and therefore require to be as recently made as possible for using. unguentum iodini, u. s. unguentum iodinii, d. Iodine Oint- ment. Prep.—Rub iodine 3j. with alcohol n^xx., and then with lard gj., u. s. Rub together iodine 9i., and prepared lard 3*i., so as to form ointment. Use.—Applied to bronchocele, scrofulous swellings, &c. unguentum iodinii compositum, l. unguentum iodinei, e. Compound Iodine Ointment. Prep.—Triturate together iodine 3ss., iodide of potassium 3i., and rect. spirit 3i.; then mix with lard 3"ii.,L.—or—Rub together iodine 3i., iodide of potassium 3ii. and axunge s*iv. e. Use.—Similar to foregoing, but a more powerful remedy. R Tr. iodini comp. Aquae M. f. haustus. Potassii mdidi R Tr. iodini comp. Aqu. destil. M. sumat. Aqu. destil. M. f. haustus. R Tr. iodini (in increasing doses). Syrupi ALTERATIVES. 27 ferri iodidum, u.s. l. e. Iodide of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in anaemia, dyspeptic cases, atonic amenorrhoea, bronchocele, scrofulous diseases, tabes mesenteriea, chlorosis, rickets ; secondary syphilis, where constitutional debility suggests the employment of chalybeates. Dose, gr. ii.—vi. (Extl.) in leucorrhosa, amenorrhcea, &c. (in form of ointment, applied to the inner side of the thighs.) LIQUOR FERRI IODIDI, U. S. FERRI IODIDI SYRUPUS, E. Syrup of Iodide of Iron. Prep.—Iodine 3*ij., iron filings 3*j., prepared honey f. 3*v., distilled water q. s. Mix iodine with f. 3*x. of water and gradu- ally add the iron filings, stirring constantly. Heat till liquot be- comes of a light green, add the honey, heat a short time and filter. Pour water on filter till f. 3*xx. ounces of solution are obtained, u. s. Boil iodine (dry) grs. 200, and fine (cleaned) iron wire grs. 100, in distilled water 3*vi., gently at first, to prevent expulsion of iodine vapour, afterwards briskly, till about 3*ii. of liquid re- main. Filter quickly while hot into a matrass containing white sugar powdered 3*ivss.; dissolve the sugar at a gentle heat, and (if necessary) add distilled water to make up 3*vi. Twelve mi- nims contain gr. i. of iodide of iron. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. xv.—$1. (combined with vegetable astringents, or sufficiently diluted mineral acids.) plumbi iodidum, l. e. Iodide of Lead. Use.—(Intl.) in tedious scrofulous and other tumours, mesen- teric and other glandular enlargements. Dose, gr. |—grs. iii., and cautiously upwards,—should be employed externally at same time. (Extl.) see the following:— unguentum plumbi iodidi, l. Ointment of Iodide of Lead. Prep.—Rub together and mix lard^viii., and iodida of lead 3*i. Use.—Applied to tumours and glandular enlargements of scirrhous or scrofulous character, swellings of joints ; generally administered by friction. POTASSII IODIDUM, U.S. L. E. POTASS^ HYDRIODAS, D. Iodide of Potassium. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofula, bronchocele, and glandular diseases R Ferri iodidi Aquae Solve. F. haustus. Ext. gentianae M. f. mass. R Ferri iodidi 3i. in pil. div. Adipis gi. R Ferri iodidi M. f. Unguentum. Tr. aurantii cort. 28 ALTERATIVES. generally; secondary syphilitic symptoms. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., 2ce or 3ce daily. LIQUOR IODINI COMPOSITUS, U. S. LIQUOR POTASSII IODIDI compositus, l. iodinei liquor compositus, e. Com- pound Solution of Iodine. Prep.—Iodine 3vi., iodide of potassium 3*iss., distilled water a pint, dissolve, u. s. Mix together so as to dissolve, iodide of po- tassium grs. x., and iodine grs. v., in distilled water Oi.,L.—or— Dissolve at a moderate heat, and with agitation, iodine 3ii-> and iodide of potassium 3"i., in distilled water |xvi., e. Use.—(Intl.) in bronchocele, enlargements of glands, scirrhous swellings, cancerous sores, &c, and as a stimulating alterative in uterine obstructions. Dose, m. xx.—3*ss., 3 or 4 times daily. (Extl.) as a stimulating or rubefacient application. unguentum potassae hydriodatis, d. Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. Prep.—Triturate together so as to form an ointment, hydriodate of potass 9i., and prepared lard gi. Use.—As an application to glandular and other tumours, &c.— little used. Potassa? Bicarbonas, u. s. l. e. d. Bicarbonate of Potassa. (For- merly the carbonate.) Use.—(Intl.) in cases of glandular obstruction. Dose, grs. x. —3ss. (See antacids.) [oleum jecoris aselli. Cod Liver Oil. A fixed oil ob- tained from the livers of codfish. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofula and rickets, chronic, gouty, and rheu- matic affections, constipation, worms, &c. Dose, a table-spoon- ful three or four times a day. (Extl.) as a friction in gout, &c, and in opacity of the cornea, a drop or two" applied by means of a brush to the eye.] R Potass, iodidi Iodini Aquas destil. Solve, f. col- lyrium(in scrofulous cases). R Potass, iodidi Ext. conii M. f. pil. R Potassi iodidi Ferri sulphatis Syrupi Aquae destil. M. Dosis R Potassii iodidi Ext. gentianae M. et div. in pilulas R Potass, bicarbonatis (vel li- quor, potassae) Potassii iodidi Syrupi Aquae Misce. Dosis R Liquoris iodini comp. Aquae destil. Misce. ALTERATIVES. 29 Sarsaparilla, v. s. sarza, l. e. The root of Smilax officinalis, L. e., (and probably other species, e.) smilax sarsaparilla, d. Sarsaparilla. Use.—(Intl.) in cachectic states, however induced ; cutaneous affections; a valuable adjuvant in the treatment of venereal com- plaints and their consequences. Dose, 9i—3n- powdered, seve- ral times daily. (Cases of salivation from use of fresh sarza have been related by travellers.) DECOCTUM SARSAPARILLA, D. DECOCTUM SARZA, L. E. De- coction of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Macerate during 4 hours (in a lightly covered vessel) sarsaparilla sliced 3*v., in boiling distilled water Oiv. Take out and bruise the roots; replace them in the liquor, and macerate during 2 hours more. Now boil down to Oii., strain, l.—or— Digest during 2 hours, sarza (in chips) 3*v., in boiling water Oiv., (the water kept a little below the boiling point). Take out and bruise the sarsaparilla; then return it to the liquid, and boil down to Oii., squeeze, strain, e.—or—Digest at a moderate heat, during 4 hours (in a slightly covered vessel), sarsaparilla root sliced (and cleaned with cold water), 3*iv., in boiling water Ibiv. Take out and bruise the sarsaparilla, return it to the liquor, boil down to Oii., strain, D. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, 3iv.—^viii., 2ce or 3ce daily, alone or in milk. DECOCTUM SARSAPARILLA COMPOSITUM, U. S. D. DECOCTUM sarza compositum, l. E. Compound Decoction of Sarsa- parilla. Prep.—Sarsaparilla sliced or bruised fvi., bark of sassafras, sliced guaiacum wood rasped, liquorice root bruised, each 3*i., mezereon sliced 3ni-» water Oiv. Boil for a quarter of an hour and strain, u. s. Mix together decoction of sarsaparilla boiling hot Oiv., sassafras sliced, guaiac-wood shavings, and liquorice bruised, each 3*., mezereon 3Hi> Bcil during a quarter of an hour, strain, l. (The Ed. Ph. only differs from this by ordering 5ss. of mezereon,)—or—Boil together during 15 minutes, decoc- tion of sarza boiling hot Oiv., sassafras root sliced and bruised, guaiacum-wood rasped, liquorice root bruised, each 3*i., mezereon bark 5iii-> strain, D. Sarsaparilla. Decoct, sarsaparill. comp. R Ext. sarsaparill. F. haustus, in die sumend. Decoct, sarsaparill. F. R Decoc. sarsaparill. comp. haust. in die sum. Liquoris calcis M. f. R Ext. sarsaparill. haustus in die sum. 3* 30 ALTERATIVES. Use.—(Intl.) same as, but more cordial and stomachic than the foregoing. Dose, 3*iv.—3*viii.; resembles the Lisbon drink. EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLA, U. S. D. EXTRACTUM SARZA, L. Extract of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Sarsaparilla in coarse powder Ibi., diluted alcohol four pints ; moisten the powder with half a pint of the alcohol, allow to stand for 24 hours, put in displacement apparatus, add gradu- ally the remainder of the alcohol; add water gradually, and cease to filter when the liquid which passes causes a precipitate, in that before obtained. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper consistence, u. s.—Macerate during 24 hours sarsapa- rilla root sliced Ibiiss. in boiling distilled water cong. ii., strain ; then boil down to cong. i., evaporate to proper thickness, l.—or —Macerate during 24 hours sarsaparilla root sliced Ibi., in boil- ing water cong. i., then boil down to Oiv., and strain the liquor while hot; lastly, evaporate to due consistence, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as Sarsaparilla, and its decoctions. Dose, 3ss.—3ii« EXTR. SARSAPARILLA FLUIDUM, D. EXTRACTUM SARZA FLUID- um, e. Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Digest during 2 hours sarza (in chips) rbi., in boiling water Oiv. Take out and bruise the root; then return it to the liquor, and boil during 2 hours, filter and squeeze. Boil the re- siduum in other Oii. of water; filter and squeeze this as before. Concentrate the united liquids to the consistence of a thin syrup, and when cool add «s much rect. spirit as will make the whole amount to 3*xvi., filter. This extract may be aromatized by add- ing volatile oils, or warm aromatics, e—or—Boil together durino- 1 hour, sarsaparilla root sliced Ibi., and water Oxii., then pour off the liquor. Add other Oxii. of water, and repeat the boiling and effusion. Express the liquor strongly from the residual mass. Mix both liquors together, and after the dregs have sub- sided, evaporate (by continued boiling) to gxxx., then add rectif. spirit 3ii., d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose 3ss.—3iii. INFUSUM SARSAPARILLA, U. S. INFUSUM SARSAPARILLA COM- positum, d. Compound Infusion of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Digest for two hours sarsaparilla root, bruised gi. in boiling water 0i., strain, u. s.—Macerate during 12 hours in a covered vessel, shaking occasionally sarsaparilla root (cleaned with cold water and then cut), 5L, in lime water Oi., strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as the decoction. Dose, |iv.__Iviii. ALTERATIVES. 31 SYRUPUS SARSAPARILLA, D. SYRUPUS SARZA, L. E. Syrup of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours sarsaparilla sliced fxv., in boiling water cong. i.; then boil down to Oiv.; strain while hot. Now add sugar ifxv., and concentrate to due consistence, l. e.— or—Macerate during 24 hours sarsaparilla root sliced Ibi., in boiling water cong. i., and boil down to Oiv.; strain while hot, then gradually add refined sugar (§xxix. to every Oi. of liquor), and form syrup, d. Use.—Possesses properties similar to the above preparations of sarsaparilla ; employed chiefly as an addition to the Decoc- tion. Dose,3i.—Si. [syrupus sarsaparilla compositus, u. s. Compound Sy- rup of Sarsaparilla. Prep.—Sarsaparilla Ibii., guaiacum wood rasped ^iii., hundred leaved roses, senna, liquorice root bruised, each ^ii., oil of sassa- fras, oil of anise, each WLv., oil of partridge berry, ttliii., diluted alcohol, Ox., sugar Ibviii., macerate the roots, wood, and leaves, in the alcohol for 14 days ; express and filter. Evaporate the tincture by a water bath to Oiv., filter, add the sugar, heat, then rub the oils in a little of the syrup, mix thoroughly, u. s. Use.—The same properties as the simple syrup, but is much superior to it. Dose, f. 3ii. to f. 3ss., three or four times a-day.]| Spongia, u. s. e. spongia officinalis, d. Sponge. Officinal Sponge. Use.—Much employed in Surgery and Midwifery, as com- press, tent, pessary, &c.; also to prepare the following:— SPONGIA USTA, U. S. PULVUS SPONGIA USTA, D. Burnt SpOllge. Prep.—After cutting sponge into small portions, beat it so as to free it from stones ; place it in a covered iron vessel, and burn it till it becomes black and friable. Use.—(Intl.) in general use formerly (and on the Continent still) in those diseases where iodine and its preparations are now more relied on. Dose, $\.—3n>> as lozenge, electuary, &c. limns, l. ulmus campestris, d. The bark from U. campestris, Common Elm. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofulous diseases ; scorbutus, lepra, herpes, &c.; administered in the following form :— decoctum ulmi, l. d. Decoction of Elm. prep.—Boil fresh elm bruised 5'iss., in distilled water Oii., 32 ANTACIDS. down to Oi., and strain, l.—or—Boil fresh elm bark bruised gii., in water Oii., down to Oi., and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing; said to be also diuretic. Dose, §iv.—^viii., 2ce or 3ce daily. FllCUS YesiculoSHS, d. Bladder-wrack. The herb with the fruit. Use.—(Intl.) powder of the charcoal obtained by burning this plant, was formerly in high repute (under the title JEthiops Vege- tabitis,) as a remedy for bronchocele, &c.; its medicinal proper- ties have been attributed to the soda which it contains, but they are due, more probably, to the presence of a minute amount of iodine. Dose, grs. x.—3"- ANTACIDS. ABSORBENTS. Ammonia. LIQUOR AMMONIA, U. S. L. AQUA AMMONIA, E. AQUA AM- MONIA causticia, d. Water of Ammonia. (Vide class Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating antidote in acidity of the sto- mach and bowels, and in treating various symptoms therefrom arising. Dose, m. x.—xx., largely diluted with milk, beer, veal- broth, or water. (Extl.) see Rubefacients, &c. ammonia bicarbonas, d. Bicarbonate of Ammonia. Use.—(Intl.) similar to the carbonate; the present is a milder preparation, and therefore more suitable to particular cases; also better adapted for effervescing draughts. Dose, grs. v.__9i., dissolved in cold water. Ammonia. R Liquoris ammonias Confec. amygdalae Tr. opii. F. haustus sumendus. R Liquor ammonias Magnesias Sp. cinnamoni Aquas M. R Ammoniae carb. Ext. rhei. F. massa in pil. dividenda. R Ammonias carb. Aqu. menth. pip. F. haus- tus. R Ammonias carb. Aq. menth. pip. Syrup, rosas M. sumat pro haustu. ANTACIDS. 33 AMMONIA CARBONAS, V. S. E. D. AMMONIA SESQUICARBONAS, l. (Formerly the subcarbonate.) Carbonate of Am- monia. Use.—(Intl.) in cases alluded to under Liq. Ammoniae; the carbonate is a more powerful antacid. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv., (sometimes employed in forming extemporaneous effervescing draughts). LIQUOR AMMONIA SESQUICARBONATIS, L. AMMONIA CAR- bonatis aqua, e. d. Water of Carbonate of Ammonia. Prep.—Dissolve sesquicarbonate (carbonate, e.) of ammonia 3iv., in distilled water Oi.; strain, l. e.—or—Dissolve carbonate of ammonia 4 parts, in distilled water 15 parts ; filter through paper, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, 3ss.—3ii., in some simple liquid. Calx, u.s. l. e. d. Lime, Fresh Burnt Lime. (Vide under Es- charotics.) Use.—For preparation of Liquor Colds, Liquor Ammoniae, &c liquor calcis, u. s. l. aqua calcis, e. d. Lime Water. Prep.—Lime giv., distilled water, cong. j., proceed as below, u. s. With lime Ibss., and distilled water Oxii., proceed as fol- lows :—Slake the lime with a small portion of the water; after which, add the rest of the water, and shake these together; then immediately cover up, and set aside, during 3 hours. Afterwards keep the solution with the remaining lime in well-secured glass vessels, and take from the clear solution when it is to be used, L. __or—Pursue the same method with any convenient quantity of water, and about l-20th of its weight of lime. When the clear liquor is withdrawn, replace it with more water, and agitate briskly as before, e.—or—Take fresh burnt lime, and hot water, each 1 part. Place the lime in an earthen vessel and sprinkle it with water, keeping it covered till slaked. Then add to it 30 parts of cold water. Again cover up the vessel, and during 24 Lime. R Liquoris calcis Confec. aromaticas Magnesias carb. Tr. lupuli. M. F. haus tus in die repetendus. R Liquoris calcis Liquoris potassae Magnesias M. capiat aeger cochleare magnum in die, ex poculo jusculi bovini. R Liquor calcis. Lactis Misce sit pro dose. 34 ANTACIDS. hours shake frequently; then, after subsidence of the lime, pour off and keep the clear solution in securely stopped vessels, d. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes effectual in relieving acidities of the primas viae in dyspeptic complaints. Dose, ^ii.—Siv., 2ce or 3ce daily, best given in milk. Creta, u. s. l. e. d. (calcis carbonas, d.) Carbonate of Lime (friable), l. e. White Chalk, and White Marble. Carb. of Lime, d. Use.—In the following form:— calcis carbonas pracipitatum, d. (A very pure carbonate of lime.) Precipitated Carbonate of Lime. Use.^—(Intl.) see Creta Praeparata. Dose, grs. x.—%i. creta praparata, u. s. l. e. d. Prepared Chalk. Prep.—The process for obtaining prepared chalk, as ordered by all the Colleges, is that of elutriation, and hardly needs separate description. The chalk having been well triturated in a little water, a large quantity of water is added; and after thoroughly stirring or shaking the mixture—and allowing time for subsidence of the grosser particles—the upper portion is to be poured off; from this, on standing a little, the finer particles are deposited at Chalk. R Cretas praep. Liquor, calcis Aquas anethi M. su- mantur mag- na die. R Cretae praep. Ipecacuanhas, pulv. Aq. menth. pip. F. haus- tus quaque hora repet. R Cretae praep. Cinnamomi, pulv. Tormentillas, pulv. Acaciae separatim in pulverem subtilissime tere, dein M. Dos. R Pulv. cretae comp. Sacchari Acaciae Aqu. M. R Pulv. cretae comp. Acaciae, pulv. Syrupi papaveris Aquas anethi Spiriti ammonias aromatic. M. sumatur cochleare mini- mum frequentur. R Pulv. cretae comp. Aquae cinnamomi Syrupi papav. F. haustus. horis sumendus. R Pulv. cretae comp. cum opio Catechu, pulv. Mistur. acacias. Aquae M. f. mistura, cujus capiat coch. post sing. sed. liquid. R Pulv. cretae comp. cum opio Catechu, pulv. sit pulvis, post singulas sedes liquid- as sumendus. R Pulv. cretas comp. Opii, contrit. M.fiat pulvis. ANTACIDS. 35 the bottom of the containing vessel; lastly, remove the water and dry the powder for use. Use.—(Intl.) in cardialgia, diarrhoea, and other diseases arising from, or accompanied by, intestinal acidity—its employment must of course be preceded by suitable evacuations, grs. x.—9ii., or upwards. OS, u. s. ossa, d. Bones. Use.—When burnt they are employed to afford the following:— calcis phosphas pracipitatum, d. Precipitated phosphate of Lime. Use.—(Intl.) formerly recommended as serviceable in mollities ossium. Dose, grs. x.—3SS« (It forms one of the constituents of James's Powder, and of Pulv. Antimonii Compositus.) CORNU USTUM, L. PULVIS CORNU CERVINI USTI, D. Burnt Hartshorn. Use.—In preparation of Antimonial Powder. pulvis creta compositus, l. e. d. Compound powder of Chalk. Prep.—Triturate separately, then together (to very fine powder) prepared chalk Ibss., cinnamon ^iv., tormentil, and acacia, each .liii., long pepper §ss.; mix, l. d.—or—Rub well together pre- pared chalk Jiv., cinnamon finely powdered 3iss«> nutmeg finely powdered 3i-> E- Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing—but preferable for many cases (especially in those of young patients), from its aromatic carmina- tive properties. Dose!! grs. v.—9i., or more, several times daily. pulvis creta compositus cum opio, l. d. pulvis creta opiatus, e. Compound Powder of Chalk and Opium. Prep.—Mix together comp. powd. of chalk §"viss., and hard opium 9iv., l. d.—or—Rub thoroughly together, comp. chalk powd. 3~vi., and powdered opium 9'iv., e. Use.—(Intl.) in excessive diarrhosas attended by acidity ; and intestinal irritation from teething. Dose, grs. v.—d'u mistura creta, u. s. l. e. d. Chalk Mixture. Prep.—Take prepared chalk 3~ss., sugar (refined), gum Arabic in powder, each 3ij., cinnamon water, water, each f 3*iv. Rub well together., u. s.—or—Mix together prepared chalk 3~ss., sugar 3iii., mixture of acacia 3iss., cinnamon water 3*xviii., l—or— Rub together prepared chalk 3x., pure sugar 3v., and mucilage giii.; then slowly add water Oii., and spt. of cinnamon gu., e.— 36 ANTACIDS. or—Mix together prep, chalk gss., refined sugar 3iii., mucilage of gum Arabic si., and water Oi., d. Use.—(Intl.) in intestinal acidities, diarrhoea, &c.; see the above preparations of chalk. Dose, $i— gii., 3 or 4 times daily. confectio aromatica, u.s. l. d. Aromatic Confection. Prep.—Take aromatic powder Svss., powdered saffron 3*ss., syrup of orange peel 3*vj., clarified honey Sij. Rub the aromatic powder with the saffron, then add the syrup and honey, and beat together till perfectly mixed., u. s.—or—Rub together to very fine powder cinnamon, and nutmeg, each Sii., cloves 3*i., cardamoms gss., saffron Jjii., prep, chalk |xvi., and sugar Ibii.; when to be used, gradually add water and mix till thoroughly combined, l. d. (The latter College directs dried saffron, and refined sugar to be used—and the whole ingredients to be mixed at once with water Ibi.) Use.—(Intl.) in cases alluded to under creta praeparata, when stimulating aromatics are also indicated. Dose, grs. x.—^i., in bolus or mixture. trochisci creta, u. s. e. Troches of Chalk. Prep.—Rub to powder prepared chalk .fiv., gum Arabic 3*i., nutmeg %i., pure sugar 3*vi., and beat up with a small quantity of water, so as to form a suitable mass for lozenges. Use.—Same as creta praeparata; a convenient form for exhi- biting chalk in many cases. Testa, u.s. testa, l. The shells of Ostrea Edulis, &c, the common edible Oysters. Oyster shell. Use.—To form the following :— R Mistur. cretas Aquae cinnamomi Confect. opii Confect. aromaticae Syrupi aurantii cort. M. su- mat, &c. R Misturae cretae Aquae cinnamomis Tr. kino Tr. opii Syrupi M. (for children.) R Misturae cretae Confectionis aromat. Tr. cinnamomi Tr. opii M. sumat haust. post singulas sedes liquid- as. R Misturae cretae Spirit, ammonias aromat. Tr. opii F. haustus. R Mistur. cretas Ipecacuan., pulv. Sp. cinnamomi Syrupi pavav. M. ut f. haustus. ANTACIDS. 37 testa praparata, v. s. testa praparata, l. Prepared Oyster Shell. Prep.—After freeing the shells from impurities, wash them in boiling water, then proceed in the way directed for obtaining pre- pared chalk. Use.—(Intl.) same as prep, chalk. (Extl.) recommended to be sprinkled over foul sores, &c. Magnesia, u.s. l. e. d. Calcined Magnesia. Use.—(Intl.) in gastric and intestinal acidities, however origin- ating. On neutralizing the acids it meets with, it frequently has some laxative effect, from forming muriate, &c, of magnesia. Dose, grs. v.—9i.; best in milk. magnesia carbonas, u. s. l. e. d. Formerly the Subcar- bonate. Carbonate of Magnesia. Use.—(Intl.) to form the preceding (q. v.), and used medicin- ally for the same purposes. Dose, 3ss.—3U- Its employment as an antacid (in flatulent cases especially) is often attended with inconvenience, from the liberation of carbonic acid gas. TROCHISCI MAGNESIA, U. S. E. Tro Prep.—Rub together magnesia 3*iv., sugar ibi., nutmr^ in pow- der 3i«» niix with mucilage of tragacanth into mass, to be divided into troches of ten grains each, u. s.—or—Pulverize together carb. of magnesia 3*vi., pure sugar 3*iii., and nutmeg 9i.; beat (along with tragacanth mucilage) into suitable mass for lozenges. Use.—See Magnesia; this is a convenient form for exhibition of magnesia, especially with children. Magnesia. R Magnesias Zingiberis, pulv. M. f. pulv. R Magnesias Canellas, pulv. M. f. pulv. (for young patients.) R Magnesias carb. Sodas carb. Zingiberis, pulv. Aquae menth. pip. F. mistura. R Magnesias carb. Aqu. menthae pip. Tr. opii M. sum. cochl. 4 R Magnesias carb. Confectionis aromat. Opii Aquae pimentae F. haustus (in cholera). R Magnesias carb. Tr. gentianae comp. Syrupi aurantii cort. Aqu. pimentae M. cap. asger cochl. R Magnes. carb. Foeniculi Sacchari * * Terant. in pulv. 38 ANTACIDS. marmor, u. s. l. e. marmor album, d. Marble. White Mar- ble. Use.—To yield carbonic acid gas for certain pharmaceutic pur- poses. Potassa. (v. Escharotics.) LIQUOR POTASSA, U. S. L. POTASSA AQUA, E. POTASSA CAUS- tica aqua, d. Solution of Potassa. Use.'—(Intl.) to neutralize acidities, and allay irritability of sto- mach and bowels ; employed as an antilithic, and diuretic, in cal- culous and other affections of the urinary organs. Dose, grs. v.— grs. x.—3ss-> in linseed infusion, beef-tea, or the like. potassa bicarbonas, u. s. l. e. d. (Formerly the Carbonate.) Bicarbonate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) to correct acidity in the primas viae ; and as an antilithic, and lithontriptic, in cases of uric acid deposits. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.—9i. and upwards, in distilled water, 2ce or 3ce daily between meals. It is more grateful to the stomach than the carbonate, and less nauseous in taste; it is also suitable for pre- paring extemporaneous effervescing draughts. .mpurus, u. s. potassa carbonas impura, l. lixivus cinis, d. Impure Carbonate of Potash. Pot- ashes. Use.—To form the following:— potassa carbonas, u. s. l. e. potassa carb. e LIXIVO cinere, d. Purified Potashes. Pearlashes. (Formerly the Subcarbonate.) Carbonate of Potassa. Prep.—Dissolve impure carbonate of potash ibii., in distilled water Oiss.; strain, pour it off into a suitable vessel; evaporate the water that the liquor may thicken. Afterwards, stir continuously with a spatula till the salt concretes, l.—or—Mix by triturating pearlashes (roughly powdered) and cold water, each 1 part; ma- cerate during a week, in a wide vessel, shaking it frequently. R Liquor potassae R Sodas carb. exsic. Aqu. calcis M. (taken Ipecacuan. in beef-tea, or some bitter Pulv. ipecacuan. comp. infusion, as a lithontriptic, Pulv. cretas comp. Di- „ T .&Ct) , vide in chart, sumat, &c. R Liquor, potass, carb. (for children where cough Myrrhae.pulv. Macera and intestinal irritation co- per dies quatuor, et per exist.) chartam cola. ANTACTDS. 39 Filter the lee, and evaporate to dryness, in a silver or iron vessel; stir constantly with a spatula towards the end of the evaporation. Thus reduced to powder, preserve in closed vessels. Should the ashes (before dissolving) not be pure, let them be roasted to white- ness in a crucible, d. [The Edin. Ph. gives no formula for this preparation ; it merely states, that this is " carbonate of potash not quite pure, obtained by lixiviating, evaporating, and granulating by fusion and refrigeration the potashes of commerce."] Use.—(Intl.) see the following:— POTASSA CARBONAS PURUS, U. S. POTASSA CARBONAS PURUM, E. POTASSA CARBONAS 6TARTARI CRYSTALLIS, D. (A purer carb. of potash than the foregoing.) Pure Carbonate of Potassa. [Prepared by heating to redness bicarb, of potash; or (more cheaply) by burning, roasting, &c, bitartrate of potash (with nitrate of potassa, u. s.)] Use.—(Intl.) chiefly in the formation of extemporaneous effer- vescing draughts ; it is also employed in cases of intestinal acidity, &c.; but the bicarbonate is preferable. Dose, grs. v.—3i. LIQUOR POTASSvE CARBONATIS, U. S. L. POTASSA CARBONATIS aqua, d. Solution of Carbonate of Potassa. Prep.—Dissolve carb. of potassa ibi., in distilled water f^xii., and filter, u.s. Dissolve carb. of potash 3*xx., in distilled water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Dissolve carbonate of potass (from crystals of tartar) 1 part, in distilled water 2 parts; filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as carbonate, and bicarbonate, m. x.—-3SS> -3i. LIQUOR POTASSA EFFERVESCENS, L. POTASSA AQUA EFFERVES- cens, E. Kali Water. Effervescing Solution of Potassa. [Prepared by passing excess of carbonic acid gas (under pres- sure) through a solution of bicarb, potassae, l. e.] Use.—(Intl.) to allay irritability of the stomach, &c. Dose, |iv. and upwards, ad libitum. pulveres effervescentes, e. Effervescing Powders. [v. Formulae under class Refrigerants.] Use.—(Intl.) for same purposes as preceding. Sapo. u. s. l. sapo durus, e. d. Soap made of Olive Oil and Soda. Spanish or Castile Soap. Use.—(Intl.) in calculous affections and intestinal acidities. More serviceable as a laxative, and basis of cathartic pills, &c. Dose, grs. v.—5ss-» m piUs- 40 ANTACIDS. sapo mollis, l. e. d. Soap made of Olive Oil and Potash. Soft Soap. Use.—(Intl.) never thus employed ; see foregoing. Soda. SODA CARBONAS IMPURA, L. SODA CARBONAS VENALE. BARIL- LA, d. Impure Carb. of Soda. Use.—To form the following: soda carbonas, u.s. l. e. d. (Formerly the Subcarbo- nate.) Carbonate of Soda. Use.—(Intl.) in acidities of the stomach and bowels, ardor urinas, scrofula, as a lithontriptic in calculous diseases, and much employed in preparing extemporaneous effervescing draughts. It possesses properties analogous to those of carb. of potash—with a less nauseous alkaline taste than the latter. Dose, grs. v.—9i., and upwards. soda carbonatis aqua, d. Solution of Carbonate of Soda. Prep.—Dissolve any quantity of carbonate of soda in distilled water, and let the spec, gravity of the solution be to that of dis- tilled water as 1024 to 1000. Use.—(Intl.) similar to potassae carbonatis aqua, d. (q. v.) Dose, m. x.—$i. SODA CARBONAS EXSICCATUS, U. S. SODA CARBONAS EXSICCA- ta, l. soda carbonas siccatum, e. d. Dried Carbonate of Soda. Prep.—Take carb. soda any convenient quantity. Expose to heat in a clean iron vessel, until thoroughly dried, stirring con- Soda. R Sodas carb. Infusi quassias Tr. colombae F. haus- tus quotidie sumendus. R Sodae carbonatis Tr. gentianas Syrupi aurantii cort. Infusi gentianas comp. F. haustus cum (q. s.) succi limonis recentis in statu effervescentis su- mendus R Sodas carb. Tr. lupuli — cardamomi comp. — rhei Aquae cinnamomi Syrupi zingiberis M. f. haustus. R Sodas carb. Sodas et potassae tart. Aquae menth. pip. F. haustus. R Sodas carb. exsicc. Pulv. cretae comp. Tragacanthas, pulv. M. Divide in ANTACIDS. 41 stantly with an iron spatula, then rub into powder, u. s.—or— Place in a suitable vessel, carb. of soda ibi., and apply heat until it is dried; afterwards heat it to redness ; lastly, triturate it to powder, l.—or—Heat to dryness, in a shallow vessel, any con- venient amount of carb. of soda; then urge it with a red heat in a crucible; rub to powder when cold, e.—or—Liquefy over a fire crystals of carb. of soda in a silver crucible ; then increase the heat, and stir the liquefied salt till it becomes dry. Reduce to powder, and preserve in close vessels, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding, but more suitable for exhibi- tion as powders or pills. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv. LIQUOR SODA EFFERVESCENS, L. SODA AQUA EFFERVESCENS, e. aqua carbonatis soda acidula, d. Effervescing Solution of Soda. Prep.—Prepared by passing excess of carbonic acid gas (un- der pressure) into a solution of sesquicarbonate (bicarb.) of soda, l. e. d. Use.—(Intl.) in febrile diseases, to appease irritability of the stomach, &c.—chalybeates are suitable adjuncts. Dose, %iv., and upwards, repeated 3 or 4 times daily. SODA BICARBONAS, U. S. E. D. SODA SESQUICARBONAS, L. (Formerly the Carbonate.) Bicarbonate of Soda. Use.—(Intl.) see sodae carbonas. More suitable for effervesc- ing mixtures than the carbonate. Dose, grs. v.—3i., and up- wards. trochisci soda bicarbonatis, e. Troches of Bicarbonate of Soda. Prep.—Reduce to powder bicarb, of soda %i., pure sugar ^iii., gum Arabic §ss.; and, with mucilage, beat into suitable mass for making lozenges. Use.—To correct acidity of the stomach. R Sodas carb. exsic. R Sodae bicarb. Mvrrhas Cinnamomi, pulv. Ipecacuanhas M. div. Saponis in chartulas. Balsam, peruvian. q. s. R Sodas bicarb. pil. asqu. Aqu. menthas pip. M. f. haustus. 4* 42 ANTHELMINTICS. ANTHELMINTICS. Absinthium, u. s. l. e. The herb Artemisia Absinthium. Worm- wood. Artemisia absinthium, d. Common Wormwood. The flowering tops. Use.—(Intl.) as a general vermifuge. Dose, 9i.—3"i-> P°w- dered; or of infusion (say wormwood ^i.—boiling water Jxvi.) ^i.—ifiss., 3 or 4 times daily. extractum Artemisia absinthii, d. Extract of Worm- wood. [Prepared in the same way as Ext. of Logwood, q. v. in class Astringents.] Use.—See foregoing. Dose, grs. x.—9i. 2ce or 3ce daily. Acidum Muriaticum Dilutum, u. s. e. d. acidum hydrochloricum dilutum, l. Diluted Muriatic Acid. Use.—(Intl.) has been recommended (after copious evacuations) as a preventive of the generation of intestinal worms. Dose, m. v.—m. xx., frequently repeated, in a very strong infusion of quassia. Aloe, l. e. d. Aloes. (See varieties under class Aperients.) Use.—(Intl.) to expel worms. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x. All the preparations into which aloe enters as an ingredient, are anthel- mintic ;—an enumeration of these is unnecessary, here ; they will be found as above indicated. Artemisia Santonica, d. Wormseed. Use.—(Intl.) in worm cases, especially those of lumbrici. Dose, grs. x.—3ss-> 3 or 4 times daily. Its employment should be followed up by a smart purge. Aloes. Potassae sulph. R Aloes, pulv. Oxymel. scillas, q. s. ut fiat Saponis F. supposito- electuarium rium (after unloading the R Absinthii bowels). Hydr. chloridi mit. , Wormseed. Camphorae R Absinthii Rhei, pulv. Valerianae, pulv. Syrupi M. divide in Jalapae, pulv. bolus, &c. ANTHELMINTICS. 43 [Azedarach, u. s. Bark of the root. Pride of India. Use.—(Intl.) a powerful vermifuge given in decoction of ^iv. bark to Oii. water, boiled to Oi. Dose, a tablespoonful every three or four hours, till it affects the bowels.] Gambogia, u. s. d. cambogia, l. e. Gamboge. (See under class Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) a valuable contribution to anthelmintic powders, &c. Supposed to be especially efficacious in expelling taenia. From its powerful drastic-cathartic action, it is rarely administered alone. Dose, grs. i.—grs. v.—grs. x. The Gamboge Pills (q. v.) form a very useful remedy of the vermifuge kind. [Chenopodium, u. s. The fruit. Wormwood. Use.—(Intl.) to expel worms, especially lumbrici. Dose, in powder mixed with syrup, 9i.—9ii. for a child. oleum chenopodii, u. s. Oil of Wormwood. Use.—(Intl.) in the expulsion of worms. Dose, tTLiv.— n\,viii. for a child, morning and evening, for three or four days, to be followed by a brisk purge.] Colocynthis, u. s. l. e. cucumis colocynthis, d. Colocynth. (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) too violent in its action to be administered by itself—but in combination, may be made serviceable as a remedy of the present class. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. x. Ferrum, u. s. l. d. ferri ramenta, u. s. ferri limatura et ferri filum, e. Iron. The Filings, l. Iron Filings. Iron Wire, e. Iron Wire. Filings. Scales of the Oxyde, d. Use.—(Intl.) to expel worms (ascarides particularly) from the intestines. Dose, grs. v.—9i., in powder. ferri oxidum hydratum, u. s. ferrugo, e. Hydrated Ses- quioxide of Iron. Prep.—See Tonics. Gamboge. R Gambogias - R Gambogias Hydrarg. chloridi mit. M. Hydr. chloridi mite et sumatur subinde haus- Misturas acaciae q. s. ut fiat tulus theas viridis bolus mane sumendus. Iron. R Gambogias g Ferri . Sacchari, purif. M. f. Ammoniaci pulvis quaque hora Ext. taraxaci F. pil. sumendus quarum sumat 44 ANTHELMINTICS. rubigo ferri, d. Rust of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) much employed as a vermifuge formerly for weak constitutions. Dose, grs. v.—5SS« 0n jelly.) Filil Mas, U. S. L. d. aspidium, l. filix, e. aspidium filix mas, d. The root of Aspid. Filix Mas, u. s. l. d. Rhizo- ma of Nephrodium Filix Mas, e. Male Shield Fern. Use.—(Intl.) to remove tape-worm chiefly. Dose, ^i.—3"i-» night and morning, and succeeded by an active purge. Geoffroya Inermis, d. The Cabbage-tree. The Bark. Use.—(Intl.) for the dislodgment and expulsion of intestinal worms, more especially lumbrici. Dose, grs. xv.—3SS- decoctum geoffroya, d. Decoction of Cabbage Tree Bark. Prep.—Boil cabbage-tree bark bruised %i., in water ibii., down to ibi.; strain, and add syrup of orange peel §ii. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, §ss.—^ii.,—for children 3ii. (Drinking of cold water must be avoided during its admin- istration, as this, or an overdose, will produce violent vomiting, delirium, &c,—the best remedies for which are warm water, castor oil, or a vegetable acid.) GranatUm,L. GRANATI RADICIS CORTEX, U.S. GRANATI RADIX, E. PU- nica granatum, d. The exterior coat from the fruit of Punica Granatum, l. The bark from the root of P. Grana- tum, e. The outer rind of the berry. Bark of the root. Flowers, d. Pomegranate. Use.—(Intl.) as a remedy in worm cases, particularly in taenia. Dose, 9i.—3i-» powdered. decoctum granati, l. Decoction of Pomegranate. Prep.—v. Astringents. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, Jiii.—gvi., repeated every hour during 3 or 4 hours. R Rubiginis ferri Male Shield Fern. Sumatur ex vehiculo aliquo R Decoct, fil. mas, (fil. mas crasso, singulis auroris. ^iss.—water ibi.) R Rubiginis ferri iEtheris sulph. M.fiathaust. Sacchari (alb.) M. fiat mane sumendus. (May pulvis. be followed up with an enema composed of same ingredients.) anthelmintics. 45 Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite, u. s. hydrargyri chloridum, l. ca- LOMELAS, E. CALOMELAS SUBLIMATUM, et C PRACIPITATUM, d. Calomel. Use.—(Intl.) combined with vegetable remedies of this class to augment their action. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. x. Jalapa, u. s. l. e. d. Jalap, (v. Purgatives.) Use.—(Intl.) as a vermifuge adjunct chiefly. Dose, grs. x.— 3ss. (rarely alone.) Mucuna, u. s. l. e. dolichos pruriens, d. The hairs from the pods of Mucuna Pruriens. Cowhage. Cowitch. Use.—(Intl.) to remove lumbrici and ascarides. It frequently proves a very troublesome remedy, on account of the excessive, painful itching it causes at the lower extremity of the bowels. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., well mixed with simple syrup, honey or treacle; (rarely selected.) Tercbinthinae Oleum, u. s. l. e. d. (And also) t. oleum purifica- tum, l. e. oleum t. rectificatum, d. (See under class Diuretics.) Oil of Turpentine. Use.—(Intl.) in all worm cases ; especially those of taenia, which is always dead when expelled under employment of this remedy. Turpentine is a decidedly effective anthelmintic. Dose, 5ii.—5ii., every morning. enema terebinthina, l. e. d. Turpentine Clyster. Prep.—Under class Cathartics. Use.—See preceding. Sl'ammonium, u. s. l. e. d. Scammony. (v. Purgatives.) Use.—(Intl.) a valuable remedy against worms, and the disor- dered state of bowels therewith connected in children. Dose, Jalap. R Jalapas Hydrarg. chloridi mite M. f. bolus R Jalapas Absinthii Hydrarg. chloridi mite Syrupi q. s. ut fiat electua- rium. Cowhage. R Mucunas Conservae rosae q. s. ut fiat bolus. R Mucunas Artemis, santon. Hydrarg. chlor. mite Syrupi F. boli quor. sum. Turpentine. R 01. terebinth. Decoct, hordei M. fiat haustus R 01. terebinth. 01. ricini M. fiat haustus 46 ANTHELMINTICS. grs. iii.—grs. xv. The extract (e.) and other preparations of scammony are also suitable in worm diseases. See these under the class just named. Sodii Chloridum, u. s. l. soda murias, e. d. (and) soda murias purum, e. Muriate of Soda. Common Salt. (v. Stimu- lants.) Use.—To correct that state of the intestinal canal which is so frequently attendant on worm cases. Dose, grs. x.—$i.; in glysters (aperient as well as anthelmintic) it is also valuable (say ^ss.—%i., for a dose in this way). Spigelia, u. s. l. e. The root of Spigelia Marilandica, the Caro- lina Pink. Maryland Wormgrass. spigelia marilandica, d. Perennial Wormgrass. The Root. Pinkroot. Use.—(Intl.) to expel lumbrici chiefly. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.--3i., powdered, or as infusion (say spigel. ^ss.—to water Ixii.), morning and evening, till worms are discharged from the bowels. Its action must be aided by exhibition of a smart purga- tive. Stannnm, u.s. l. e. d. Tin. stanni pulvis, e. d. Powder of Tin. Prep.—Having melted tin, place it in a stone mortar (previously heated somewhat above the melting point of the metal), and rub smartly as the metal cools—stopping when a considerable propor- tion is pulverized. Sift the powder, and repeat the process with the grosser part left in the sieve, e.—or—Melt the tin, and stir briskly until it is formed into a powder; pass this (when cold) through a sieve, d. Chloride of Sodium. R Sodii chlor. Cocci F. pulvis, et detur pro dosi Carolina Pink. R Spigelias Aquae bullient. Macera per horam et cola R Spigelias, concis. Sennae, fol. Aurantii, cort. Absinthii Fceniculi Aquas ferv. Macera per horas duas, in vase le- viter clauso, et cola. Dosis, singulis auroris, jejunoventriculo. Tin. R Stanni, limatur. Confect. rosas gallicas Syrupi q. s. ut fiat electuar. capiat cochlear. quo- tidiemane. R Stanni, limatur. Magnesias Syrupi zingiberis q.s. ut fiat elect. ANTISPASMODICS. 47 Use.—(Intl.) to expel intestinal worms (taenia principally). Dose, 3i.—3ss., in honey or treacle, on 2 or 3 consecutive morn- ings,fasting; a purgative should follow. (Not much used in modern practice.) Tanacetum, u. s. tanacetum vulgare, d. Common Tansy. The leaves, and flowers. Use.—(Intl.) in worm cases—supposed to possess especial effi- cacy against lumbrici. This is one of the oldest popular vermi- fuges. Dose,9i.—5i-> powdered. An infusion (as tea) has been extolled; and the powdered seeds have by some been employed as a substitute for Art. Santonica. (Scarcely ever used.) ANTISPASMODICS. Aether Sulphliricus, u.s. l. e. d. Sulphuric iEther. (v. Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) in tetanus, epilepsy, hysteria, asthma, and other spasmi. Dose, 3ss.—$i., in some simple fluid. SPIRITUS ATHERIS SULPHURICI COMPOSITUS, V. S. L. Compound Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. Hoffman's Anodyne. Prep.—Mix together sulphuric aether §viii., rect. spirit Jxvi., and asthereal oil 3iii« Use.—(Intl.) v. foregoing. Dose, m. xx.—3ii., repeated as may be found requisite. spiritus atheris sulphurici, e. Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. Use.—See aether sulphuricus, above. Dose, m. xx.—5U- Sulphuric Ether. R Tr. valerian, comp. R iEther. sulphurici Aqu. anethi Tr. valerian. Tr. castorei Liquor, ammonias Sp. aether, sulph. F. haus- Aquae M. (prophylactic tus in die sumendus. against epileptic fits') R Tr. calumbas R Magnesias carb. Tr. digitalis Sp. aether, sulph. comp. Spir. aether, sulphuric. Tr. castorei Tr. opii Aqu. anethi Mistur. camphorae t. OI. anisi F. haustus. haust. sum. 48 ANTISPASMODICS. OLEUM ATHEREUM, U. S. L. LIQUOR ATHEREUS OLEOSUS, D. Ethereal Oil. Use.—Only in formation of comp. sp. of sulphuric ether. liquor athereus sulphuricus, d. Sulphuric Ethereal Liquor. Use.—In preparation of sulphuric ether. Ammoniacum, u. s. l. e. ammoniacum gummi, d. The concrete juice of Dorema Ammoniacum, u.s. The gum-resin obtained from Dorema Ammoniacum, l. e.'—from Heracleum Gum- miferum, d. Ammoniac. Use.—(Intl.) in asthma, pertussis; and those chronic complaints of the chest where expectorants are indicated; in unyielding (spasmodic) obstipation, colic, &c. Dose, grs. x.—3i. (Extl.) as a discutient application to indolent tumours, especially those of scrofulous character; swellings, and painful affections of the joints —as white swelling, &c.; see the following:— emplastrum ammoniaci, u. s. l. e. d. Plaster of Ammo- niac. Prep.—Take of ammoniac ^v., vinegar Oss., dissolve the ammoniac in the vinegar, and strain, then evaporate by means of a water bath, to proper consistence, u. s. Dissolve ammoniacum 3v., in distilled vinegar fviii. Evaporate the liquor at a slow heat (stirring all the while) to a proper consistence, l.—or__Pro- ceed as stated, with ammoniac gv., and distilled vinegar |ix. Evaporate at vapour-bath heat, stirring frequently, e.__or__Dis- solve pure gum-ammoniac 3v., in vinegar of squill ibss. Evap. as directed in the first of the preceding formulas, e. Use.—As a resolvent, stimulating application, in tumours, &c. enumerated under ammoniacum, q. v. R Tr.opii Syrupi papav. Sp. aether, sulphur. M. f. mistura. Gum Ammoniac R Ammoniaci, pulv. Benzoini, pulv. Myrrhae, pulv. Assafoetid., pulv. Camphorae Tr. opii M. div. in pil. quarum cap. R Ammoniaci, pulv. Scillae, pulv. Ext. conii Contunde simul et div. in pil. R Acidi nitrici Aquae M., dein tere cum Ammoniaci, pulv. donee emulsio evadit. (When expectoration is feeble, and where the air-pas- sages are obstructed with accumulating purulent or viscid matter.) ANTISPASMODICS. 49 mistura ammoniaci, l. d. Ammoniac Mixture. Prep.—Triturate ammoniacum 3V- (3n-> u- s0 witn water (gradually added) Oi. (Oss., u. s.), until thoroughly combined, l.—or—Rub gum ammoniac %i., with pennyroyal water (by measure) 3^viii., gradually poured in until the mixture has the appearance of milk ; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in asthma, hysteria, &c. Dose, §ss.—3i., 3 or 4 times daily; more useful as an expectorant. Assafffitida, u.s. l. e. d. The concrete juice of the root of Ferula Assafcetida, u. s. The Gum-resin obtained from Ferula Assafuetida. Assafcetida. Use.—(Intl.) in hysterical affections, dyspnoea, asthma, flatu- lent dyspepsia, pertussis, tympanitis, uterine obstructions; and other affections attended with spasmodic action. Dose grs. v.— grs. xxv. Has long been relied on, in India, as the remedy for Guinea-worm. emplastrum assafoxtida, u. s. e. Plaster of Assafcetida. Prep.—Assafcetida and lead plaster, each ibi., galbanum, yel- low wax, each ibss., diluted alcohol Oiij. Dissolve the gum- resins in the alcohol by means of a water bath, strain while hot, evaporate to consistence of honey, add lead plaster and wax, pre- viously melted together, stir well and evaporate to proper consist- ence, u.s. Mix perfectly together litharge plaster, and assa- fcetida, each ^ii., galbanum, and bees-wax, each ^i.; let the gum- resins be previously melted together, and strained ; then to these add the wax and plaster, also melted. Use.—As an application to the stomach, &c, in flatulent colic, hysteric paroxysms. enema fo3tidum, e. d. Assafostida Clyster. Prep.—To the cathartic enema (q. v.) add tr. of assafcetida 3ii-i E. D. R Mistur. ammoniaci Mistur. amygdalae Tr. scillae M. pro haustu (in hoarse cough.) Assafcetida. R Assafcetidae Ext. cinchonae Saponis OI. menth. puleg. M. f. pil. 5 R Assafcetidae Moschi M. (in nervous diseases). R Mistur. assafoetid. Tr. Valerianae comp. Tr. castorei iEther. sulphurici Aqu. menth. pip. M. f. mistura. 50 ANTISPASMODICS. Use.—A stimulating anodyne clyster in cases alluded to under Assafcetida. mistura assafcetida, u. s. l. d. Assafcetida Mixture. Prep.—Take assafcetida 3ij.; water Oss. Rub well together, adding the water gradually until they are thoroughly mixed, u. s. —or—Triturate assafcetida 3v., in water (gradually poured in) Oi., till thoroughly mixed l.—or—In same way rub assafcetida 3i., with pennyroyal water (by measure) gviii., so as to form an emulsion, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as assafcetida. Dose, ^ss.—giss., 3 or 4 times daily ; more suitable as an adjunct to fluid medicines of this class. May be employed as an enema in convulsions of young patients. pilula assafcetida, u. s. e. Pills of Assafcetida. Prep.—Take assafcetida ^iss.; soap ^ss. Beat with water into a mass; divide into 240 pills, u. s.—or—Mix and rub to- gether into pill mass assafcetida, galbanum, and myrrh, each 3 parts, conserve of red roses 4 parts, or q. s. Use.—See following :— PILULA GALBANI COMPOSITA, U.S. L. D. Compound Pills of Galbanum. Prep.—Galbanum, myrrh, each ^iss.; assafcetida ^ss. ; syrup, q. s. Beat into mass and divide into 480 pills, u. s.—or—Rub together into pill mass galbanum %i., myrrh, and sagapenum, each ^iss., assafcetida ^ss., syrup q. s., l. d. Use.—This and the foregoing are very similar in constitution, and equally suitable in cases of hysteria, chlorosis, asthma, gas- tric spasms, &c. Dose, grs. v.—9i. Spiritus Ammonia; Fffitidus, l. e. d. Foetid Spirit of Ammonia. Prep.—Mix together hydrochlorate of ammonia gx., carb. of potash gxvi., rect. spirit, and water, each Oiii., and assafcetida 3v.; distil at a slow heat Oiii., l.—or—Macerate during twelve hours assafcetida broken into small fragments ^ss., in spt. of ammonia gxss. ; then let %x. distil at vapour-bath heat, e.—or— Digest during 3 days (shaking occasionally) assafcetida gi. and 3ii., in spt. of ammonia Oii. ; pour ,off the liquor and (from it) distil Oiss. d. R Mistur. assafcetid. R Mistur. assafcetid. Aquas, tepidas F. enema, Tr. opii statim injiciendum. Decoct, hordei M. pro enemate. ANTISPASMODICS. 51 Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, &c. &c.—see Assafcetida and its preparations. Dose, 3ss.—5*- (mis' to say tne least, is an un- necessary item in the Pharmacopoeias—seeing that the same com- bination may more conveniently be effected by adding sp. of am- monia to the following):— tinctura assafcetida, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Assafcetida. Prep.—Take of assafcetida Siv. alcohol Oii. Macerate for 14 days, and filter "through paper, u. s.—or—Digest during 14 days assafcetida 3"v., in rectif. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate said materials during 7 days, and filter the supernatant liquor. (This tincture could not well be prepared by percolation), e.—or—Di- gest during 14 days assafcetida (previously rubbed with ^viii. water) |iv., in rectif. spirit Oii., strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating remedy in spasmodic cases al- luded to under assafcetida. Dose, m. x.—$i., also employed as a contribution to clysters. Dose, say 5ii.—3iu-» see Enema Catharticum. Benzoinum, u. s. l. e. styrax benzoin, d. The concrete juice of Styrax Benzoin, v. s. The balsamic exudation from Sty- rax Benzoin, l. e. The resin, d. Benzoin. Use.—(Intl.) in asthma, &c. &c.—its employment in substance is nearly obsolete. (See Tr. Benzoini) ; valuable as the chief source of the following:— acidum benzoicum, u. s. l. e. d. Benzoic Acid. Use.—(Intl.) has been regarded as serviceable in cases where expectorant and antispasmodic effects are required. Dose, grs. v#—grs. xv., powdered, but scarcely ever prescribed thus. Forms an ingredient in several officinal tinctures (see Expectorants, Anodynes, fyc). TINCTURA BENZOINI COMPOSITA, U. S. L. E. TINCTURA BEN- zoes composita, d. Compound Tincture of Benzoin. Prep.—Take of benzoin £"iii., purified storax Iii., balsam of tolu 5i., powdered aloes gss., alcohol Oii.; macerate for 14 days, and filter through paper, u. s.—or—Digest, during 14 days, benzoin Siiiss., storax strained 3"ss., balsam of tolu 3x., aloes R Spir. ammonias foetid. Spir. armoracias comp. Tr. Valerianae Aq. anethi F. haus- tus in die sumendus (in paralysis). R Spir. ammonias foetid. Mistur. camphorae Syrupi F. haustus, ur- o-enti spasmo sumendus. 52 ANTISPASMODICS. 3v.,in rectif. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate during7 days, benzoin roughly powdered liv., Peru, balsam Iiiss.,East India aloes Iss., in rectif. spirit Oii. ; pour off and filter the liquor, e.—- or—Digest, during 7 days, benzoin liii., purified storax Iii., bals. of tolu gi., socot. aloes Iss., in rectif. spirit Oii. ; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic catarrh, and asthma, chiefly. Dose, 3ss.—3ii., combined with yolk of egg, or mucilage, by tritura- tion, as this tincture is decomposed when added to watery fluids. (Extl.) the present preparation, long known by the title of Friar's Balsam, has been popularly extolled as a styptic remedy in cases of wounds, &c.; the impropriety of its employment under such circumstances requires no remark. It has been used as a stimu- lating application to indolent sores. Camphora, u. s. l. e. d. Camphor, (v. Narcotics.) Use.—(Intl.) in asthmatic affections, chorea, epilepsy, &c, when stimulating antispasmodic action is desired. Dose, grs. v. —9i. ; from its tendency to induce nausea and irritation, it is bet- ter to give repeated smaller doses. It may be prescribed to the extent of %i. a day. Among the numerous qualities ascribed to it, that of an aphrodisiac was in former times religiously con- ceded, for, according to the old distich :—" Camphora per nares, castrat odore mares.1' AQUA CAMPHORA, U.S. MISTURA CAMPHORA, L. E. D. Cam- phor Water. Prep.—v. in class Narcotics. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as a vehicle for more effective medicines. Dose, Iss.—Iii. Camphor. R Camphorae Moschi Spir. rectif. Confec. rosae gal. cam- phoram primum cum spi- ritu tere, et deinde, se- cund. art., f. bolus. R Mistur. camphorae Mistur. amygdalae Liquor ammonias acetat. Sp. aether, nitrici Vini antim. Syrupi M. sumat. cochl. R Misturae camphorae Sp. ammonia foetid. F. haustus R Mistur. camphor. Tr. digitalis Tr. columbas M. f. haus- tus (in palpitations of the heart, with great nervous irritability). R Camphorae Tr. columbae Sp. anisi Aq. pimentae Aq. menth. virid. Tere camphoram cum tinctura et spiritu, dein adde gra- datim aquas. F. haustus. ANTISPASMODICS. 53 CARDAMINE PRATENSIS, D. The Cuckoo-flower. Cardamine, l. Pratensis Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, spasmodic asthma, &c 3ii.» powdered. The flowers of C. Dose, 3i-— Castoreum, u. s. l. e. castor fiber, d. A peculiar concrete sub- stance obtained from Castor Fiber, u. s. The peculiar con- crete found in the preputial follicles of Castor Fiber (the Bea- ver), L. e. Castor, L. D. Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, dyspnoea, &c.; has been regarded as especially serviceable in cases of uterine obstruction. Dose, grs. x.—3i>» as pills, bolus, or powders ; and in form of clyster 3i«» and upwards. TINCTURA CASTOREI, U. S. L. E. TINCTURA CASTOREI ROSSICI, d. Tincture of Castor. Prep.—Take castor bruised lij., alcohol Oij.; macerate 7 days and filter, u. s.—or—Digest during 14 days castor powdered liiss., in rectif. spirits Oii. ; strain, l.—or—Macerate, during 7 days, cas- tor bruised liiss., in rectif. spirit Oii.; strain, express, filter. This Tr. may be prepared by the process of percolation ; (see per In- dex), e.—or—Digest during 7 days Russian castor powdered Iii., in purif. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteric affections, &c. ; but is calculated to produce very feeble if any effect. Dose, m. xx.—3"- tinctura castorei ammoniata, e. Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days (in a well closed vessel) castor bruised 5nss-> assafcetida in small fragments 5x., spt. of ammonia R R R Castor. Castorei Assafcetidae Galbani Rutas (recentis) Aceti vini Macera bene etcola (in hysteria) Tr. castorei Tr. valerian, comp. Aqu. menth. pip. Mistur. assafoet. ^Ether. sulph. M. f. mistura Tr. castorei Liquor, ammonias Misturae moschi Syrupi papaver. haustus R Castorei Digitalis, pulv. Opii, pulv. Syrupi q.s.F. pil. die sumend. R Tr. castorei iEther. sulph. Tr. opii Aq. cinnamomi F. haus- tulus quotidie sumendus 54 ANTISPASMODICS. Oii.; strain, and squeeze strongly the residual mass—filter. The process of percolation is not so well suited to this Tr. Use.—(Intl.) in cases where employment of stimulating anti- spasmodics is indicated. Dose, m. xv.—3"- 5 a more efficient remedy than the foregoing. COCCUS, u. s. cocci, l. e. coccus cacti, u. s. l. e. d. (The entire insects, e.) Cochineal. Use.—Only employed in modern pharmacy as a colouring agent. Crocus, u. s. l. e. crocus sativus, d. The Stigmas of Crocus Sativus, u.s. The dried Stigmata from C. Sativus, l. e. d. Saffron. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria and other spasmi ; a remedy of great reliance in old times ; but now of service only asa colouring and slightly flavouring adjunct. Dose, grs. v.—3SS- syrupus croci, l. e. Syrup of Saffron. Prep.—Digest during 12 hours (in a lightly covered vessel) saffron 3x., in boiling water Oi; strain, and add sugar ibiii., l.— or—Proceed (with same ingredients) as stated—and dissolve the sugar with the aid of heat, e. Use.—(Intl.) as a colouring and sweetening contribution to mix- tures and draughts. Dose, 3i-—Iss., and upwards. tinctura croci, e. Tincture of Saffron. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days saffron, chopped fine, Iii. in purif. spirit Oii., strain. The method by percolation is more con- venient and expeditious. Use.—(Intl.) as an adjunct to antispasmodic, and other mix- tures, &c, chiefly on account of its colour. Dose, 3i.—Iii. Cuprum Ammoniatum, u. s. e. d. cufri ammonio-sulphas, d. Am- moniated Copper. Prep.—Sulphate of copper Iss., carbonate of ammonia 3vj.; rub together in a glass mortar, till there is no effervescence, dry in bibulous paper with a gentle heat, u. s.—or—Rub together, sul- phate of copper Ii., and sesquicarbonate of ammonia liss., till carbonic acid is no longer evolved; dry the substance, wrapped in bibulous paper, in the air, l.—or—Triturate together thorough- R Tr. castorei ammoniat. Copper. Mist, moschi R Cupri ammon. sulph. Tr. opii Micas panis q. s. F. pil. Sp. aether, sulph. F. Sumat unam bis quotidie haustus ANTISPASMODICS. 55 ly (till effervescence ceases) sulphate of copper Iii., and carbonate of ammonia liii.; dry the produce by folding in blotting-paper, and afterwards by a short exposure to the air—keep in well-stop- ped bottles, e. d. (The latter College orders sulphate of copper 2 parts—carbonate of ammonia 3 parts.) Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, chorea, hysteric affections, spasmo- dic asthma, &c. Dose, gr. |—grs. v. LIQUOR CUPRI AMMOMO-SULPHATIS, L. CUPRI AMMONIATI SO- LUTION, cupri ammoniati aqua, d.' Solution of Ammo- niated Copper. Prep.—Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of copper 3i., in distilled water Oi., strain, l. e.—or—Dissolve ammoniated copper 1 part, in distilled water 100 parts; filter through paper, d. (The Edin. Ph. orders water simply.) Use.—(Intl.) same as the preceding. Dose, 3ss.—3iss., suffi- ciently diluted, gradually increased. (Extl.) dropped into the eyes to remove filmy opacities from the cornea. pilula cupri ammoniati, e. Pills of Ammoniated Copper. Prep.—Beat together, into suitable mass, ammoniated copper (finely powdered) 1 part, bread crumb 6 parts, and solution of carb. of ammonia q. s. Divide into pills containing gr. ss. of ammoniated copper each. Use.—See ammonio-sulphate of copper above. Dose, one pill 2ce or 3ce daily. [Dracontium, u.s. The root of Dracontium Foetidum. Skunk Cabbage. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, asthma, chronic catarrh, &c. Dose, gr. x.—gr. xx., two or three times a day, gradually increased.] Galbanum, v. s. l. e. d. The concrete juice of an unknown plant, u. s. The gum-resin obtained from Galbanum officinale (l.) —from an undetermined umbelliferous plant, probably a spe- cies of Opoidia (e.)—from Bubon Galbanum, (d.) Galba- num. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria associated with uterine obstructions, asthma. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xx. (as pills, or in form of emulsion), 2ce or 3ce daily. Assafcetida is preferable for said purposes. Galbanum. Myrrhae R Galbani 01. succini Assafcetidae Syrupi q. s. f. pil. 56 ANTISPASMODICS. tinctura galbani, d. Tincture of Galbanum. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days galbanum, cut into small pieces Iii., in proof spirit Oii., strain. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulencies, and spasmodic diseases generally. Dose, 3i-—3ni- Lobelia, u.s. l. e. (v. Narcotics.) tinctura lobelia, u. s. e. Tincture of Lobelia. Prep.—Lobelia (herb) liv., diluted alcohol Oij., macerate 14 days, express and filter, u. s.—or—Digest during 7 hours lo- belia powdered to moderate fineness Iv., in purif. spirit Oii., strain ; it is best prepared by the process of percolation (q. v. per Index). Use.—(Intl.) in croup, asthma, pertussis, &c. (the active quali- ties of lobelia bear strong resemblance to those of tobacco.) Dose, 3ss.—3"-* every 2d or 3d hour. tinctura lobelia atherea, e. Ethereal Tincture of Lo- belia. Prep.—Take dry lobelia in moderately fine powder Iv., and spt. of sulphuric ether Oii.; best by percolation as directed for Tr. of Capsicum, but may be also obtained by digesting in a well- closed vessel during 7 days, &c. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing; the present is a more powerful remedy. Dose, 3ss.—3'i- MoscllllS, u. s. l. e. moschus moschiferus, d. A peculiar con- crete substance obtained from Moschus Moschiferus, u. s. The inspissated secretion found within the musk follicle (which is situated immediately anterior to the preputial open- ing) of Moschus Moschiferus (the Musk-deer). Musk. Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, in hysteria, convulsive maladies, hy- drophobia, pertussis, asthma, dyspnoea, and other spasmi. Dose, R R Musk. R Moschi Moschi Sacchari pur. Zinci sulphatis Acacias simul tritis Camphorae M. div. admisceantur jusculi (cu- in pil. jusvis) tenuioris ut f. Moschi enema. Ammoniae carb. R Moschi OI. cinnamomi M. div. Zinci oxyd. mass in pil. asqu. Mistur. acaciae q. s. ut f. (in hysteria.) mass, in pil. div. ANTISPASMODICS. 57 grs. ii.—grs. xxx. Musk in substance, is preferable to any of its preparations. mistura moschi, l. Musk Mixture. Prep.—Rub together musk and sugar, each 3ni-> then add aca- cia powdered ^'ui., and rub—gradually pouring in rose water Oi. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, Iss.—Iii., 3 or 4 times daily; (should be of recent preparation.) tinctura moschi, d. Tincture of Musk. Prep.—Digest during 7 days, musk powdered 3n«> in rect. spirit Oi., strain. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as moschus—but the small pro- portion of this substance which it contains, renders it useless for antispasmodic purposes. Dose, 3i-—3iss- > it is much employed as a perfume. OlCUm CajUpUti, U. S. CAJUPUTI, L. CAJUPUTI OLEUM, E. MELA- LEUCA leucadendron, d. The Volatile Oil of the Leaves of Melaleuca Cajuputi, u. s. The Oil distilled from the Leaves of Melaleuca minor, l. e. Volatile Oil of Cajeput, d. Ca- jeput Oil. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of hysteria, epilepsy, palsy of the tongue, flatulent colic, &c, where stimulating action is also required. Dose, m. i.—m. vi., dropped on sugar, or diffused in syrup, &c. (Extl.) sometimes appeases the pain of toothache, when pro- perly applied. Opoponax, l. d. The gum-resin obtained from O. Chironium, l.— from Pastinaca Opoponax, d. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, &c. &c. Dose, grs. x.—3SS'> scarcely ever employed. Petroleum, l. e. d. petroleum barbadense, d., and bitumen pe- troleum, d. Petroleum. Rock Oil. R Moschi Cajeput Oil. Valerian. R Cajuputi Camphorae f. pulv., Mistur. acacias cujus sumantur Aquas F. mistura R Mistur. moschi R Cajuputi Liquor, ammonias Aq. carui Tr. castorei Magnesias Syrupi papav. F. haus- Syrupi tus quaque hora Mist, acacias M. Dosis sumend. ter in die (for children). 58 ANTISPASMODICS. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic catarrh, asthma, tedious coughs, &c. Dose, grs. x.—3ss., and upwards. (Extl.) applied (by friction) to rheumatic joints, morbus coxarius, paralytic limbs, &c. Sagapeimm, l. d. An uncertain species of Ferula, l., the Gum resin, l. d. Use.—(Intl.) similar (but inferior in power) to assafcetida. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xx. pilula sagapeni composita, l. Compound Pills of Saga- penum. Prep.—Beat together so as to incorporate sagapenum Ii., aloes 3ss., and syrup of ginger q. s. Use.—In cases where laxative as well as antispasmodic effects are desired. Dose, grs. v.—9i. Stramonii Folia, u. s. l. stramonium, Thorn Apple, e. stramo- nii semina, l. datura stramonium. The plant, d., and semen stramonii. Stramonium Seed, u. s. Use.—See in class Narcotics. EXTRACTUM STRAMONII SEMINIS, U. S. EXTRACTUM STRAMONII, l. e. d. Extract of Stramonium Seeds. Prep.—v. Narcotics. Use.—(Intl.) in asthma, and others of the spasmi. Dose, gr. |—grs. ii. Styrax, u. s. l. e. styrax officinale, v., and styrax colatus, l. ext. styracis, e. (v. Expectorants.) Use.—(Intl.) in asthma, and some other spasmodic affections ; but rarely given alone. Dose, grs. x.—3SS- Tabacum, u. s. l. e. nicotiana tabacum, d. (v. Diuretics.) Use.—To prepare the following:— INFUSUM TABACI, U. S. ENEMA TABACI, L. E. Infusion of Tobacco. Prep.—Macerate during 1 hour tobacco 3i-> in boiling water Oi., strain, u. s. d. l.—or—Infuse during k an hour tobacco grs. xv. (to 3ss-)» in boiling water Iviii., and then strain, e. Stramonium. R Ext. stramonii R Ext. stramonii Potassae carb. Saponis dur. Cajuputi q. s. f. pil. Acaciae dose. Glycyrrh. (rad., pulv.) q. s. Ut f. pil. div. ANTISPASMODICS. 59 Use.—In spasmodic intestinal obstructions, ileus; strangulated hernia; (it was formerly employed in cases of suspended anima- tion, but is now very properly regarded as dangerous—its strength, and consequently its action, being uncertain.) Snccinum, u. s. l. d. Amber. Use.—(Intl.) to afford the following :— oleum succini, u. s. l. (acidum succinicum, et) oleum suc- cini, d., and ol. succini rectificatum, u. s. d. Oil of Amber. Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, convulsive affections, and other spas- mi. Dose, m. v.—m. x., triturated with syrup, or suspended in mucilage; rarely prescribed. (Extl.) as a stimulating applica- tion (by means of friction) in cases of paralysis, rheumatism, per- tussis, &c. Succinic acid is never used medicinally. Valeriana, u. s. l. e. Valeriana officinalis, d. The root of V. Officinalis. Valerian. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteric affections, hemicrania, epilepsy (the former especially), chorea, where stimulating antispasmodic action is required. It is little relied on as a remedy of the present class ; but considered sometimes serviceable in hypochondriac cases, as an excitant of the nervous system. Dose 3i.—$i. infusum Valeriana, u.s. l. d. Infusion of Valerian. Prep.—Infuse during k hour (1 hour, u. s.) (in a lightly co- vered vessel) valerian Iss., in boiling distilled water Oi., strain, l.—or—Digest during an hour wild valerian root roughly pow- dered 3ii-5 in boiling water Ivii., strain when cold, d. Use.—(Intl.) see the foregoing. This infusion will be found suitable in cases where valerian powder offends the stomach. Dose, liss.—Iii. 2ce or 3ce daily. tinctura Valeriana, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Valerian. Prep.—Digest, during 14 days, valerian bruised Iv. (liv. u. s.J in pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l.—or—Take the matters just named, and macerate during only seven days. The process of percolation (q. v. per Index) is applicable to this Tr. e.—or—Digest, during 7 days, valerian root powdered liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; filter, d. Valerian. R Valerianae, pulv. R Valerian., pulv. Cinchonas Moschi Syrupi aurant. q. s. Ut f. Camphorae F. pulv. electuarium, cujus, &c. cujus sumat. indie. 60 AROMATICS. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, &c, see Valeriana. Dose, 3ss.— 3iii., not sufficiently impregnated with valerian to be of much efficacy, unless taken in improperly large doses, considering the amount of spirit which must thus be imbibed. TINCTURA VALERIANA AMMONIATA, U. S. E. D. TINCTURA VA- LERIANA composita, l. Ammoniated Tincture of Vale- rian. Prep.—Macerate, during 14 days, valerian bruised Iv. (liv. u.s.) in aromatic spirit of ammonia Oii., strain,l.—or—Mace- rate, during 7 days, the matter as just named (or percolate v. pro- cess per Index), e.—or—Digest, during 7 days, valerian root powdered Iii.—in spt. of ammonia Oi., filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding, but more stimulating. Dose, 3ss.—3i. Zinci Oxidum, u.s. e. zinci oxydum, l. e. d. Oxide of Zinc. Use.—(Intl.) in chorea, epilepsy, and others of the spasmi. Dose, gr. i.—grs. viii., as pil., 2ce daily. zinci sulphas, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Zinc. Use.—(Intl.) in spasmodic diseases, especially epilepsy ; it is chiefly valuable for its tonic and astringent qualities. Dose, gr. i.—grs. ii., 2ce daily. AROMATICS. V. under Stimulants, Carminatives, Tonics. R Valerianae, pulv. Serpentariae, pulv. Aqu., ferv. Digere per horam et liquorem frige- factum cola; colaturas adde Sp. ammonias aromat. Tr. serpentariae sumat, &c. Zinc. R Zinci oxidii Ex. gentianas Syrupi q. s. M. f. massa in pil. div. R Zinci oxidii Ext. hyosciami Ext. gentianas F. pil. ASTRINGENTS. 61 ASTRINGENTS. STYPTICS. Acetum, u. s. l. Vinegar prepared by fermentation. acetum britannicum, e. Common British-made Vinegar ; —density 1006 to 1019. acetum destillatum, u. s. l. e. d. Distilled Vinegar. acetum gallici m, e. French Vinegar ;—densiti 1022. acetum vini, d. Wine Vinegar. Uses.—(Intl.) in inflammatory complaints, internal hemor- rhages, especially during the exhibition of acetas plumbi. (Extl.) as gargle, (or the vapour inhaled) in putrid sore throat; as an ap- plication in some cases of ophthalmia ; in epistaxis; also in- jected into the rectum in hemorrhoidal affections. acidum aceticum, u. s. l. e. d. Acetic Acid, the basis of all the Vinegars. Use.—(Intl.) when sufficiently diluted, may be substituted for acetum. (Extl.) in cases of ring-worm. When it is applied to the skin, and evaporation prevented, it acts as a rubefacient. Its vapour is useful as a pungent refreshing scent in faintness, &c. acidum pyroligneum, e. Diluted Acetic Acid obtained from wood by destructive distillation ; density at least 1034. Use.—See foregoing. Acidum Sulphoricum, u.s. l. e. acidum sulphuricum venale, d. Sulphuric Acid of the Sp. Gr. 1.845, u.s. Sulphuric Acid of Commerce,—and Acidum S. Purum, e. d. Use.—To form the following:— ACIDUM SULPHURICUM DILUTUM, U.S. L. E. D. Prep.—Mix sulphuric acid, Ii., with water Ixiii., u.s. e.—or —Gradually add sulphuric acid liss., to distilled water Ixivss., Vinegar. R Plumbi acetat. R Aceti Acidi acetic. Alcoholis Liq. opii sedat. Aquas M. (applied to Aquas destil. M. f. sprains, some burns,&c.) haust. horis repe- tendus. 6 62 astringents. l.—or—Slowly add pure sulphuric acid 1 part, to distilled water 7 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) in hemorrhages, hectic sweatings; and as an an- tidote to salivation. Dose,m. x—m. xxx. largely diluted. (Extl.) in gargles for ulcerated mouth, throat, &c. [Acidum Tannicum, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) wherever a vegetable astringent is indicated, as in hemorrhages, diarrhoea, sore throat. Dose, | of a grain to grs. iii., in pill. (Extl.) as a wash grs. v. to fli. water, to ulcers, &c] . s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Alumina and Potash, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) in atonic mucous discharges; passive hemorrhages, diarrhoea; colica pictonum; excessive uterine secretions; dia- betes, gleet; pyrosis ; variola confluentia. Dose, grs. v.—x.— 9i., every hour or two. (Extl.) as collyria in ophthalmia, ec- chymosis of the eye ; as gargle in relaxed uvula, &c.; and in local inflammations generally. Whey of alum may be formed by boiling it powdered (say 3ii-) in milk (Ixvi.), and then straining. alumen exsiccatum, u. s. l. e. alumen siccatum,d. Dried Alum. [Alum fused and dried, by placing it in an earthen or iron vessel over the fire.] Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.—grs. xx. (Extl.) see Escharotics, &c. Sulphuric Acid. R Acidi sulphurici diluti Aluminis Infusi anthemidis Syrupi aurantii cort. Tr. opii F. haustus in die sumendus. R Acid, sulphurici dil. Mellis Aquae Fiat mistura, cujus capiat saspius in die. R Acidi sulphurici diluti Syrupi Aquas Misce R Acid, sulphurici Infusi rosae comp. Syrupi M. f. haustus sumendus. R Acid, sulphurici dilut. Tr. opii. Syrupi tolu Aquas M. f. haustus horis sumendus. Alum. R Aluminis Ipecacuanha, pulv. Syrupi papaveris ut fiat bolus, horis sumendus. R Aluminis Mellis rosae Decoct, cinchonae M. f. gargarisma. R Aluminis Aquae rosae Aquas M. fiat collyrium. ASTRINGENTS. 63' cataplasma aluminis, d. Alum Cataplasm. Prep.—Shake together the whites of two eggs, and alum 3U until they form a coagulum. Use.—As an application in some cases of inflammation, and ecchymosis of the eye; generally inclosed between a folding of muslin. liquor aluminis compositus, l. Compound Alum Water. Prep.—Dissolve together alum, and sulphate of zinc, each, Ii. in boiling water Oiii.; afterwards strain. Use.—(Extl.) an application to wounds, foul sores; a styptic" to bleeding surfaces ; an injection in fluor albus, gonorrhoea, gleet; a collyrium in ophthalmic affections. pulvis aluminis compositus, e. Compound Powder of Alum. Prep.—Mix together and reduce to fine powder alum liv., and kino Ii. Use.—(Intl.) same as alumen—but principally employed against unyielding diarrhoea, and hemorrhage from the intestines. Dose, grs. v.—x.—xv. (Kino decomposes alum, when in solu- tion.) Borax, l. e. d. soda boras, u.s. d. soda biboras, l. Borax. Borate of Soda, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) in gastric and intestinal irritations. Dose, grs. v. —5SS- (Extl.) as a detergent application in thrush; (borax oc- cupies an elevated position, as a remedy, in the Xursery Codex.) mel boracis, l. e. d. Honey of Borax. Prep.—Mix borax powdered 5U with honey Ii. l. e. d. R Aluminis, pulv. Opii pulv. M. in chartulas divide, ex qui- bus capiat unam singula (tertia, vel quarta) hora. R Aluminis Catechu Opii M. f. pilulae capi- endas quotidie. R Aluminis Mellis rosae Decoct, hordei Decoct, rosarum. Misce pro gargarismate. (F.) R Aluminis Kino, pulv. F. pulv. in die sumendus. R Liqu. aluminis comp. Acid, sulphuric, dil. Aqu. Probe commisc. (as a styptic in epistaxis —a strip of lint soaked in the mixture to be placed in the nostril.) Borax. R Boracis Sacchari Aquas rosae M. 64 ASTRINGENTS. Use.—(Extl.) in aphthae; and swelled or sore mouth, tongue, &c, in ptyalism, or from other causes. Calx, see the various preparations of Lime (and relative formulae) as given in class Antacids. Catechu, u.s. l. e. d. The Extract of the wood of Acacia Cate- chu, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) a remedy of great power—and, at the same time, of comparatively mild action—in diarrhoea, hemorrhages, and ex- cessive discharges from the uterus; gonorrhoea, gleet, &c. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv. (Extl.) in aphthous, or ulcerated mouth, relaxed uvula, or hoarseness. An excellent tooth powder may be formed from catechu, cinchona lancifolia, and myrrh, for cases of spongy gums. ELECTUARIUM catechu, e. electuarium catechu composi- tum, d. Electuary of Catechu. Prep.—Triturate together catechu, and kino, each liv.; cinna- mon, and nutmeg, each Ii.; then to them add opium (diffused in a small portion of sherry) 3iss-> syrup of red roses (reduced to honey consistence) Oiss.; beat all into smooth mass, e.—or—Mix together catechu liv., cinnamon bark Iii., kino liii., rub (these) to powder, then add Turkey opium (diluted in Spanish white wine) 3iss-» syrup of ginger (boiled to honey-consistence) ibii£., d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, 9i.—3i*> dissolved in some suitable liquid, or as bolus. INFUSUM CATECHU COMPOSITUM, U. S. L. D. INFUSUM CATECHU, e. Compound Infusion of Catechu. Prep.—Take of catechu in powder Iss., cinnamon 3i-5 infuse Catechu. R Catechu, pulv. Cinnamomi, pulv. Sacchari, pur. Mucilag. tragacanth, q. s. Ut f. mass in troch. form. R Elect, catechu (Ph. E.) Infusi angusturas Tincturae angusturas (Ed. Ph.) F. mistura. R Catechu Opii Confect. rosae gal. q. s. F. bolus. R Catechu Aqu. cinnamomi Tr. opii F. mistura cu- jus, &c. R Catechu, pulv. Opii, pulv. F. pulv. bis vel saspius in die su- mend. R Catechu, pulv. Cascarillas Acacias Cinnamomi aa F. pulv. quor. sum. (in chronic di- arrhoea). ASTRINCENTS. 65 for one hour in covered vessel in boiling water Oj, u. s.—or—Di- gest during 1 hour (in a lightly covered vessel)powdered extract of catechu 3vi., cinnamon bruised ^i., in boiling water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Macerate the same proportion of ingredients named dur- ing 2 hours, and strain; then add syrup liii. May also be pre- pared by percolation (v. Index),—the mixed powders being placed in the percolator in their dry state, e.—or—Digest during 1 hour (in a covered vessel) extract of catechu 3iiss-> and cinnamon bark bruised 3ss., in boiling water Oss.; strain through linen, d. Use.—(Intl.) in diarrhoeas from lax condition of bowels. See Catechu. Dose,Ii.—Iii., every 4th or 6th hour; or better, after each liquid dejection. tinctura catechu, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Catechu. Prep.—Macerate for 14 days catechu liii., bruised cinnamon Iii., in diluted alcohol Oii., express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days catechu liiiss., cinnamon bruised liiss., in purif. spirit Oii., strain, l.—or—Digest the same proportions of ingredi- ents just named during 7 days, and strain, e.—or—Macerate dur- ing 7 days catechu liii., and cinnamon bark bruised Iii., in purif. spirit Oii., then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in obstinate diarrhoea, dysentery, &c, (see Cate- chu.) Dose,3i.—3ii., an excellent adjunct to chalk mixture. Cinchona, u. s. From the host of species (nearly 30 in number) now regarded as belonging to the Cinchona tribe, the Colleges have presented the following as officinal:— cinchona cinerea, e. The bark from C or Silver Bark. CINCHONA CORDIFOLIA, L. D. CINCHONA FLAVA, E. The bark from the Heart-leaved Cinchona (l. d.)—from an unascer tained species of Cinchona (e.) Yellow Bark. CINCHONA LANCIFOLIA, L. D. CINCHONA CORONA, E. The bark from Lance-leaved Cinchona. Pale, or Quill Bark (L. D.)—from C. Condaminea, Crown Bark (e.) R Acacias R Tr. catechu Pulv. cretae comp. cum opio Infus. quassias Tr. catechu Tr. opii M. sumat coch. Aquae M. dosis, &c. ter quaterve in die. R Tr. catechu R Ipecacuan. Infusi kramerias Tr. catechu Aquae menth. pip F. Infus. angusturas M. f. haustus post sing. sed. haustus. Jiqu. sumendus. 6* 66 ASTRINGENTS. CINCHONA OBLONGIFOLIA, L. D. CINCHONA RUBRA, E. The bark from Oblong-leaved Cinchona (l. d.)—from an unde- termined species of Cinchona, (e.) Red Bark, (l. e. d.) Use.—(Intl.) in passive hemorrhages; excessive uterine dis- charges (floodings, &c), inordinate bronchial secretion, &c. Dose, grs. xv.—3ii- (Ext.) in form of dec»ction or infusion (gene- rally combined with more decided astringents) employed as gar- gle, fomentation and enema. DECOCTUM CINCHONA, U. S. E. D. DECOCTUM CINCHONA CORDI- FOLIA. DECOCT. C. LANCIFOLIA. DECOCT. C. OBLONGIFO- LIA, l. Decoction of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—v. Tonics. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as preceding. Dose, Ii.—liv., 3 or 4 times daily. infusum cinchona, u. s. l. e. d. Infusion of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—v. Tonics. Use.—See the Cinchonas. Dose, Ii.—Iii.—liii. [DiospyrOS, u. s. Persimmon. The bark of Diospyros Virginiana. Use.—(Intl.) As a gargle in ulcerated sore throat, in decoction —also in intermittenls in powder and decoction. The unripe fruit is given in infusion and syrup, in diarrhoea, uterine hemor- rhage, &c] Ferrum.' :. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Iron. Use.—{Intl.) in cases of inordinate uterine discharges, chronic mucous catarrh; diabetes, colliquative sweatings; passive hemor- rhages, in debilitated habits, &c. &c. Dose, gr. i.—grs. v. (Extl.) sometimes as an injection in leucorrhcea, gleet, and to re- move ascarides. Cinchona. Vini xeric. M. F. gar- R Cinchonas, pulv. garisma. Copaibas R Decoct, cinchonas Syrupi zingib. F. elec- Acidi sulphurici aromat. tuarium—sumat cochl. Syrupi F. haustus in die. horis sumend. R Cinchon. pulv. R Decocti cinchonas Potassae bicarb. M. et Infusi rosae comp. detur. Myrrhae, pulv. R Decoct, cinchon. Tr. opii. ASTRINGENTS. 67 TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI, U. S. TINCTURA FERRI SESQUI- CHLORIDI, L. TINCTURA FERRI MURIATIS, E. Tincture of Chloride of iron. Prep.—vide Tonics. Use.—(Extl.) as a styptic application to bleeding surfaces, and to moderate excessive discharges from sores. Galla, u. s. galla, l. e. d. Diseased buds, or morbid excres- cences, found on Quercus infectoria, Dyer's Oak. (These excrescences are caused by perforation of the insect Diplo- lepis Gallae Tinctorum.) galls. Use.—(Intl.) in severe and tedious diarrhoea, especially of tro- pical climates, intestinal hemorrhages. Dose, grs. x.—9i. (Extl.) As gargle in relaxed uvula, fauces, &c.: as injections, washes, or ointment, for hemorrhoids, prolapsus ani, excoriated nipples ; hemorrhages from the intestines, leucorrhoea, dysentery, diarrhoea. TINCTURA GALLA, U.S. L. TINCTURA GALLARUM, E. D. Tinc- ture of Galls. Prep.—Bruised galls liv., diluted alcohol Oij ; macerate for 14 days, express and filter through paper, u. s.—or—Macerate dur- ing 14 days galls bruised I v., in purif. spirit Oii., strain, l.—or —With same ingredients either digest during only 7 days, and then strain, squeeze and filter; or proceed by percolation (v. pro- cess per Index), e.—or—Digest during 7 days galls powdered liv., in purif. spirit Oii., strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, 3ss.—"5'\i\. UNGUENTUM GALLA, U. S. UNGUENTUM GALLARUM, T>. Oint- ment of Galls. Prep.—Mix together, so as to form an ointment, powdered Ii., and prepared lard Iviii. (Ivii., u. s.) Use.—An application to hemorrhoids. Iron. Tr. gallae (as gargle, R Tr. ferri chloridi enema or injection.) Aqu. F. haustus (in R Morphias uterine hemorrhage.) 01. olivas Galls. Tere optime simul, et adde R Gallae pulv. Unguent, zinci Aqu. destil. Gallas, pulv. F. un- Decoque ad et cola, guentum. dein adde 68 ASTRINGENT?. UNGUENTUM GALLA COMPOSITUM, L. UNGUENTUM GALLA ET opii, e. Compound Ointment of Galls. Prep.—Mix together galls finely powdered 3ii., lard Iii., hard opium powdered 3ss., l.—or—Rub together galls in fine powder 3ii.j opium powdered 3»-» axunge Ii., e. Use.—In hemorrhoidal diseases; preferable to the foregoing from the addition of opium. [Geranium, u. s. The root of Geranium Maculatum. Use.—(Intl.) a powerful astringent, used in same cases as other vegetable astringents. Dose, powder gr. xx.—xxx. In de- coction (Ii. to water Oiss. boiled to Oj.) fli. to flii.] Geum, u. s. geum urbanum, d. The root of Geum Rivale, u. s. The root of Common Avens. Use.—(Intl.) in diarrhoea, but not often employed. Dose, 3ss. —i., powdered, 4 times daily, or as infusion (say avens Ii.— water Oi.), Ii.—liss., every 4 or 5 hours. Granatum, L. granati FRUCTUS cortex, granati radicis COR- TEX, u. s. granati radix, e. punica granatum, d. vide Anthelmintics. Pomegranate. Use.—(Intl.) in obstinate diarrhoeas, colliquative perspirations. Dose, 9i.—3i-> powdered. decoctum granati, l. Decoction of Pomegranate. Prep.—Boil pomegranate (rind) Iii., in distilled water Oiss. down to Oi., and strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, Iss.—Iii. U. S. E. HAMATOXYLUM, L. HAMATOXYLUM CAM- pechianum, d. The wood of Hasmatoxylon Campechianum. Logwood. Use.—To form the following preparations :— DECOCTUM HAMATOXYLI, U. S. E. D. DeCOCtion of LogWOOd. Prep.—Boil logwood chips Ii. in water Oi., (Oii., u.s.) down to Ix. (Oi., u.s.); towards the end add cinnamon powdered 3i., Logwood. Kino, pulv. F. massa R Ext. hasmatoxyli in pill asqu. div. Aqu. cinnamomi R Ext. haematox. Tr. catechu F. haus- Aquas tus sumendus. Spir. cinnamomi R Ext. haematox. Tr. catechu M. dent. cochl. quaque hor. ASTRINGENTS. 69 strain, e.—or—Boil shavings of logwood liss. in water Oii., evaporate to oi-i towards the end of the boiling add cinnamon bark bruised 3i-» strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea. Dose, Ii.— liii. repeatedly. EXTRACTUM HAMATOXYLI, U. S. L. E. EXT. SCOBIS HAMA" toxvli campechiani, d. Extract of Logwood. Prep.—Boil rasped logwood ibi. in water cong. i. down to Oiv., strain while hot, evaporate to proper consistence, u. s.—or— Digest during 24 hours, logwood (rasped) ibiiss., in boiling dis- tilled water con. ii., then boil down to con. i., strain while hot; evaporate to due thickness, l.—or—Digest during 24 hours, log- wood (in fine chips) ibi., in boiling water con. i., boil down to Oiv., strain; evaporate to proper consistence, e.—or—Boil log- wood (rasped) in eight times its weight of water, to the consump- tion of half the liquid—express ; and after subsidence of the dregs, strain ; evaporate till it begins to thicken ; finally inspissate at a moderate heat, stirring frequently, until it attains consistence suitable for forming pills, d. Use.—See Hasmatoxylon. Dose, grs. x.—^i., as pills, or may be employed in solution. [Heuchera, u. s. Alum Root. The root of Heuchera Americana. Use.—(Intl.) a powerful astringent, useful in all cases where medicines of this class are needed; usually given in decoction, • (Extl.) as a styptic, and to indolent ulcers.] Kino, u. s. l. e. d. An extract obtained from an uncertain plant, u. s. The extract, (l.)—Concrete exudation from Pterocar- pus erinaceus, and from other genera and species which are not determined, (e.) Kino. Use.—(Intl.) in dysentery, cases of chronic diarrhoea (which resist other remedies), internal hemorrhages, fluor albus. Dose, grs. x.—3SS- (Extl.) as a styptic. Kino. R Kino, pulv. Misturae acaciae Aq. cinnamomi M. dosis. R Kino, pulv. Pulv. cretae comp. F. pulvis, p. r. n. sumendus. R Kino, pulv. Aluminis F. pulvis in die sumend. R Pulv. kino comp. Aq. cinnamomi Infusi cascarillae Syrupi papav. F. haus- tus in die sumendus. 70 ASTRINGENTS. pulvis kino compositus, l. d. Compound Powder of Kino. Prep.—Rub to fine powders separately kino 3xv-» cinnamon Iss., hard opium 3i- 5 then mix all together, L. d. Use.—Same as foregoing. Dose,grs. x.—grs. xx., and upwards. tinctura kino, l. e. d. Tincture of Kino. Prep.—Digest during 14 days kino bruised liiiss., in rectif. spirit Oii., strain, l.—or—With the same ingredients, digest during only 7 days, and filter, (this tr. could not well be prepared by percolation.) e.—or—Macerate during 7 days kino powdered liii., in pf. spirit Oii., strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Kino. Dose, 3ss.—3^-» tne mixtures to which it may be added must contain mucilage. Krameria, u. s. l. e. krameria triandra, d. The root of K. Triandra, u. s. l. e. The root and extract, d. Rhatany. Use.—(Intl.) in dysentery, leucorrhoea, intestinal hemorrhages, &c. Dose, grs. xx.—3i- extractum krameria, u. s. e. Extract of Rhatany. Prep.—By same method as for Ext. of Liquorice, (of Gentian, v. s.) q. v. Use.—See preceding. Dose, grs. v.—x.—9i. infusum krameria, u. s. l. Infusion of Rhatany. Prep.—Digest during 4 hours (in a lightly covered vessel) rha- tany Ii., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as Krameria. Dose, liss.—Iii. (Extl.) in relaxed uvula, &c. &c. Lythrum Salkaria, d. The herb of Purple Loose-strife. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes employed in dysentery and diarrhoea. Dose, 3i-—3iss-> or °f infusion (say salicar. Ii., to water Ixvi.) liii., 2ce or 3ce daily. It has mucilaginous as well as astringent properties. Rhatany. R Ext. kramerias Aqu. rosae Syrupi papav. F. S. A. mistura. R Infusi kramerias Tr. catechu — cinnamomi M. F. mistura. (in chronic dy- sentery.) R Infusi kramer. Acid, sulphurici diluti Syrupi mori M. f. gar- garisma (in relaxed uvula, &c. R Infusi kramerias Tr. opii. F. mistura, cujus, &c. ASTRINGENTS. 71 Plumbum. Lead. plumbi acetas, u.s. l. e. d. Acetate of Lead. Use.—(Intl.) a remedy of great value—in pulmonary, uterine, and intestinal hemorrhages (active or passive); obstinate, pro- tracted, or colliquative diarrhoea, and the simple autumnal cholera of Great Britain. Opium should always be prescribed with it when given as pills. During its exhibition, it is requisite that distilled vinegar (sufficiently diluted) be taken, to prevent acci- dental formation of carbonate of lead in the intestines. Dose, gr. ss.—gr. i. (Extl.) in solution, as collyria, injections, washes, poultices—in cases of superficial inflammation, ophthalmia, some ulcerations, gonorrhoea, &c. UNGUENTUM PLUMBI ACETATIS, E. D. CERATUM PLUMBI ACE- tatis, l. Ointment of Acetate of Lead. Prep.—Dissolve white wax 3h\> in olive oil Ivii., then to this slowly add acetate of lead powdered (and separately rubbed with olive oil Ii.) 3"-; stir with a spatula until they unite, l.—or— Mix thoroughly together simple ointment Ixx., and acetate of lead in fine powder Ii., e.—or—With ointment of white wax ibiss., and acetate of lead Ii., let an ointment be formed, d. Use.—As a cooling soft dressing for excoriations, inflamed sur- faces from burns, &c. &c. LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS, U. S. PLUMBI DIACETATIS LIQUOR, L. PLUMBI DIACETATIS SOLUTIO (aQUa), E. PLUMBI SUBA- CETATIS liquor, d. Solution of Subacetate of Lead. Prep.—Acetate of lead Ixvi.; semivitrefied oxide of lead in fine powder lixss.; distilled water Oiv.; boil together in a glass or porcelain vessel for £ hour, adding water to preserve the quan- Lead. R Plumbi acet. Tr. opii Aq. cinnamomi Aquas Syrupi F. haus- tus sumend. R Plumbi acet. Zinci sulphat. Aq. M. et cola. R Plumbi acet. Aq. destil. Syrupi papav. M. f. mistur. R Plumb, acet. Confec. rosae gal. Tr. Opii F. pilula una hora sumenda, (in hemorrhage from lungs, uterus, &c.) R Plumbi acet. Opii Ext. conii F. massa in pil. divid. R Plumbi acet. Pilulas saponis c. opio F. pil. 72 ASTRINGENTS. tity, filter, u. s.—or—Boil together during half-an-hour, acetate of lead ibii. and liii., oxide of lead powdered ibi. and liv., in water Ovi.; stir frequently—and when cold, add distilled water enough to make the whole amount to Ovi., strain, l.—or-—Boil together during 5 hour, acetate of lead Ivi. and $vi., litharge finely powdered liv., in water Oiss., stir occasionally; when cold, add, if required, water sufficient to make all amount to Oiss., filter, and preserve in well-secured bottles, e.—or—Boil together, semi- vitreous oxide of lead 1 part—in distilled vinegar 12 parts, until 11 parts of the liquid remain; set it aside; filter after subsidence of impurities, d. Use.—(Extl.) similar to Acetas Plumbi in solution, or the fol- lowing :— LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILUTUS, U. S. PLUMBI DIACETA- TIS LIQUOR DILUTUS, L. PLUMBI SUBACETATIS LIQUOR COM- POSITUS, d. Lead Water, goulard's water. Prep.—Add solution subacetate of lead f3ii-» to distilled water . Oi., u. s.—or—Mix together solution of diacetate of lead 3iss-» pf- spirit 3»i-5 and distilled water Oi., l.—or—Mix together solution of subacetate of lead 3i-» distilled water ibi., and pf. spirit 3i-. i>- Use.—Same as foregoing when a weaker preparation is re- quired. CERATUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS, U. S. CERATUM PLUMBI COM- positum, l. Goulard's Cerate. Prep.—Solution of subacetate of lead fliiss., white wax liv., olive oil flix., camphor 3ss-> melt the wax and mix with flviii. of the oil, remove from fire, and when mixture begins to thicken, gradually add the solution of subacetate of lead, stirring constantly till cool, then add the camphor dissolved in the re- mainder of the oil, u. s.—Mix together wax (melted) liv., with olive oil Iviii.; remove then from the fire, and when they begin to thicken, slowly add solution of diacetate of lead liii., and stir continuously with a spatula till they cool; lastly, mix with them camphor 3ss. (previously dissolved in olive oil Iii.) Use.—In cases similar to Unguent. Plumb. Carb. pilula plumbi opiata, e. Opiate pills of Lead. Prep.—Beat together into suitable mass acetate of lead 6 parts, opium 1 part, conserve of red roses about 1 part. Divide into pills of grs. iv. each. Twice the above quantity of opium may be employed (if wanted.) Use.—Similar to all the above preparations of acetate of lead (for internal employment), particularly serviceable in hemorrhage ASTRINGENTS. 73 from the lungs, unyielding dysentery, diarrhoea, excessive bron- chial mucous secretion. Dose, gr. i.—grs. iii. plumbi carbonas, u. s. l. e. d. (cerussa, d.) Carbonate of Lead. Use.—(Extl.) sometimes sprinkled over indolent sores, inflamed surfaces, &c, and to form the following:— UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CARBONATIS, U. S. E. D. Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. Prep.—Mix completely together simple ointment Iv., and carb. of lead Ii., e.—or—Let an ointment be made with carb. of lead finely powdered Iii., and ointment of white wax ibi., u. s. d. Use.—A cooling and drying ointment suitable for some ulcers, burns. abr?«ions, &c. "specially those attended with irritation. - Chloride of Lead. .. t .opaiation of Hydrochlorate of Morphia. plumbi nitras, e. Nitrate of Lead. Use.—To prepare the Iodide of lead; it has the properties o other salts of lead, but is never used medicinally. PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM, U. S. D. PLUMBI OXYDUM, L. LITHARGYRUM, E. D. LITHARGE. Use.—Only in preparation of soap cerate, &c. &c. EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI, V. S. L. EMPLASTRUM LITHARGYRI, E. D. Lead Plaster. The plaster named Diachylon. Prep.—Boil together over a slow fire oxide of lead finely pow- dered ibvi., (ibv., u. s.), olive oil cong. i., water Oii.; stir con- stantly till the oxide and oil unite into the consistence of a plaster. It will be proper to add a small portion of boiling water, if nearly the whole of that employed at first should be consumed before the end of the boiling, l.—or—Mix together litharge finely pow- dered Iv., olive oil Ixii., and water liii.; boil and stir con- tinuously until the litharge and oil unite, replacing the water if it evaporate too far, e.—or—Take litharge finely powdered ibv., olive oil cong. i., and boiling'water Oii.; mix these together, by stirring (at a temperature between 200° and 212°) till the oil and litharge unite into the consistence of plaster, obviating evapo- ration of the water by occasionally adding fresh supplies, d. Use.—As a protective and healing application for superficial excoriations, slight wounds, seldom thus used. aqua anethi, l. e. Dill water. Prep.—Mix together dill bruised ibiss., pf. spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii.; then distil therefrom cong. i., L.—or—Mix to- gether anethum seeds bruised Ixviii., water cong. ii., rectif. spirit liii., and distil off cong. i., e. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding; employed mostly as a fluid ve- hicle for other remedies suited to infant-patients. Dose, Iss.— Iii., and upwards. oleum anethi, e. The volatile oil obtained from fruit of Anethum Graveolens. Oil of Dill. Use.—(Intl.) in the flatulent bowel complaints of infants chiefly; (may be employed to prepare Aqua Anethi by a readier method than that described in the foregoing.) Dose, m. ii.—m. v., on sugar. Anisum, u. s. l. e. d. The fruit or seeds of Pimpinella Anisum. Anise. Use.—(Intl.) much the same as Dill—in tormina and griping flatulency, and diarrhoea, especially of infants. Dose, grs. x.— 3i., bruised; the following is preferable:— Dill. R Magnesias Aquae anethi Syrupi rosae M. Aniseed. R Anisi (sem.) Aq. bullientis Sacchari M. Dosis, coch. min. pro re nata. R Magnesias carb. Rhei, pulv. 01. anisi Liquoris potassae -------ammonias Aquae anethi M. f. haust. carminaliv. R 01. anisi Sacchari, pur. Intime misceantur etadde Aquae Rhei, pulv. Magnesias carb. Tr.opii Spir. ammonias feet. M. sumat cochl. horis. CARMINATIVES. 81 oleum anisi, u. s. l. e. d. The oil obtained from the fruit. Oil of Anise. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, m. v.—m. xv., generally combined with white sugar. SPIRITUS ANISI, L. SPIRITUS A. .COMPOSITUS, D. Spirit of Anise. Prep.—Mix together (and then distil cong. i.,from) the follow- ing:—anise, bruised Ix., pf. spirit cong. i., water Oii., l.—or— Macerate during 24 hours aniseeds, and angelica seeds (both bruised) each ibss., pf. spirit cong. i., and water a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma; then distil cong. i., d. Use.—[Intl.) same as anisum, but with addition of stimu- lating qualities ; forms a useful adjunct to fluid medicines ; some- times of service in cases of dyspepsia consequent on drunkenness. Dose 5ss.—$iv. 'Pne compound spirit (D. Ph.) is of course the more strongly aromatic of the two preparations. Carota, u. s. dauci fructus, l. daucus carota, var. Sylves- tris, d. The fruit from Daucus Carota, u. s. l. Seeds of the Wild Carrot, D. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulency, &c. Dose, 9i.—3'-» bruised down ; scarcely ever selected as a remedy. Carum, u. s. carui, l. e. carum carui, d. The fruit from Carum Cari (u. s. l. e.) The Seeds (d.) Common Caraway. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic flatulency; enters into composition of numerous articles of bread-food, and confectionary wares. aqua carui, l. d. Caraway Water. Prep.—Mix together, and distil cong. i. from the following:— caraway bruised ibiss., pf. spirit 5yii-> water cong. ii., l.—or— Take of caraway seeds bruised ibi., and pour on these water, a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma ; distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) in griping colic, and flatulency, especially of in- fants ; and much employed as a vehicle for other remedies. Dose, Ii.—liv. oleum cari, u. s. oleum carui, l. e. d. The oil distilled from the fruit. Oil of Caraway. Use.—(Intl.) as an ingredient in various pills, &c. &c, to pre- vent griping or nausea. Dose, m. i.—m. x. spiritus carui, l. e. d. Spirit of Caraway. Prep.—Mix together caraway bruised Ixxii., pf. spirit cong. i., water Oii.; then distil therefrom (at a slow heat) cong. i., l. —or—Macerate during 2 days, in a covered vessel, caraway 82 carminatives. bruised Ibss., in pf. spirit Ovii.; add water Oiss., then distil off Ovii., e.—or—Macerate during 24 hours, caraway seeds bruised ibi., in pf. spirit cong. i., and water a sufficiency to prevent em- pyreuma; then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding; suitable as an addition to fluid remedies. Dose, 3i»—3iv> Coriandrum, u.s. l. e. coriandrum sativum, d. The fruit from C. Sativum, u.s. l. e. The Seeds, d. The Common Coriander. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic flatulency, &c &c.; compounded with other medicines in various preparations (and infused with senna, Szc.) to overcome their nauseous taste and griping tendency. Dose, 9i.—3i. Cyminum, l. cuminum, e. The fruit from Cuminum Cyminum, l. e. Cummin. Use.—(Intl.) for carminative purposes generally; but rarely employed. Dose, grs. x.—9i. (Extl.) formerly applied, in com- bination with other ingredients, as a stimulating plaster, to the region of the stomach, &c, in hysteria. FffiniCUtum, u. s. l. e. d. The fruit from Fceniculum Vulgare, (u. s. l.)—from F. Officinale, (e.)—from Anethum Fcenicu- lum, D. Common Fennel. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulent dyspeptic cases. Dose, grs. xv.—%i., rarely employed alone, but as an ingredient in several prepara- tions. aqua FosNicuLi, u. s. l. e. d. Fennel Water. Prep.—The London and Edin. processes for this preparation are exactly those directed for Aqua Anethi (q. v.) (aquas cinna- momi, u. s.)—or—Take fennel seeds bruised ibi., and water a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma, and distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) as a vehicle for more active medicines. Dose, Iss.—Iii., and upwards. oleum fceniculi, e. oleum f. dulcis, d. The essential oil obtained from Fceniculum. Oil of Fennel. Use.—(Intl.) see Fceniculum. Dose, m. i.—m. xx. Fennel. R 01. terebinth. 01. ricini Syrupi papav. Aquas foeniculi M. f. mistura—capiat horis. carminatives. 83 Lavandula, u.s. l. e. Lavandula spica, d. The flowers from L. Spica, l. d. The flowering heads of Lavand. Vera, u. s. e. Lavender. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulent colic, &c. Dose, 9i.—3i- ? seldom employed as a remedy of the present class. oleum Lavandula, u. s. l. e. d. The essential oil obtained from the above. Oil of Lavender. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic affections, especially those resulting from drunkenness ; hysteria, nervous headache, weakened diges- tion attendant on chlorosis ; also employed as a corrective adjunct to cathartics, &c. Dose, m. i.—m. v., dropped on a piece of sugar. spiritus Lavandula, u. s. l. e. d. Spirit of Lavender. Prep.—Fresh lavender flowers ibij.; alcohol cong. j., water Oij.; mix and distil cong. j., by a slow fire, u. s.—or—Mix to- gether fresh lavender ibiiss., rectif. spirit, cong. i., water cong. ii.; then distil cong. i., l.—or—Mix together fresh lavender ibiiss., rectif. spirit cong. i. ; and at heat of a vapour-bath distil Ovii., e.—or—Macerate, during 24 hours, fresh lavender flowers ibii., pf. spirit cong. i., waiter a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma; then distil at a moderate heat Ov., d. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulency and languor of delicate females ; rarely prescribed alone. Dose, 3SS-—3"* (Extl.) in great re- quest as a perfume. Forms an ingredient in several pharmaceutic preparations. SPIRITUS L. COMPOSITUS, U. S. E. D. TINCTURA LAVANDULA composita, l. Compound Spirit of Lavender. Prep.—Digest, during 14 days, spirit of lavender Oiss., sp. of rosemary Oss., cinnamon bruised, and nutmegs bruised, each 3hss., red saunders sliced 3v. ; strain, l.—or—Macerate, during 7 days, spirit of lavender Oii., spirit of rosemary Ixii., cinnamon, in rough powder Ii., cloves bruised 3'U nutmeg bruised Iss., red sandal-wood in shavings 3iii«> strain, E.—or—Digest during 10 days (14 days u.s.) sp. of lavender Oiii., sp. of rosemary Oi., nut- megs bruised, and cinnamon bruised (Ii., u. s.) each Iss., cloves 3ii., and red saunders wood sliced Ii. (liii., u.s.); filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding, but this preparation being more aromatic, is of greater efficacy. Dose, 3ss.—3"- Lauri Baccff, et lauri folia, l. laurus nobilis, d. The Berries and the Leaves from Laurus Nobilis. Bay Leaves and Ber- ries. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic flatulency, hysteria, &c. Dose, grs. XV.—5ss-> very seldom employed. 84 carminatives. Mentha. Mentha piperita, u. s. l. e. d. Peppermint. The Herb. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints, chiefly to relieve attend- ant flatulency, griping colic, nausea, &c. Dose, grs. x.—3'-» powdered; scarcely ever given thus in modern practice; see Oleum Menth. Pip. AQUA MENTHA PIPERITA, U. S. L. E. AQ. MENTHA PIPERI- tidis, d. Peppermint Water. Prep.—Like aqua cinnam., u.s.—or—Mix together pepper- mint dried ibii. (or oil of peppermint 3*i-)» pf* spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii., distil cong. i., l.—or—Mix together fresh pep- permint ibiv. (if dry ibii.), water cong. ii., rectif. spirit liii.; distil off cong. i., e.—or—Mix peppermint ibiss., and water a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma; distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulency of dyspeptic affections—see preced- ing—a useful adjunct to, or vehicle for, other liquid medicines. Dose, Ii.—liv. OLEUM MENTHA PIPERITA, U. S. L. E. OL. MENTH. PIPKRI- tidis, d. The essential oil obtai«ed from Mentha Piperita. Oil of Peppermint. Use.—(Intl.) in cases named under foregoing, and in hysteria, cramp of stomach, nervous headache, &c. Dose, m. i.—m. v., dropped on sugar. SPIRITUS MENTHA PIPERITA, L. D. SPIRITUS MENTH.E, E. Spirit of Peppermint. Prep.—Mix together peppermint oil 3in-» P^ spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; then at a slow heat distil cong. i., l.—or—With fresh peppermint ibiss.; proceed as for spirit of caraway (q. v.) E.—or—To oil of peppermint (by weight) Iss., add rectif. spirit cong. i., and pour on a sufficiency of water to prevent subsequent empyreuma; at a slow heat distil cong. i., d. # Use.—(Intl.) see the foregoing. This preparation may be advantageously added to purgative draughts, &c. Dose, 3ss.—3"- tinctura olei Mentha piperita, u. s. Essence of Pepper- mint. Prep.—Dissolve oil of peppermint flii. in alcohol Oi. Mentha pulegium, l. d. pulegium, e. Pennyroyal. The Herb. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes substituted for Mentha Piperita, but is less agreeable, and considerably less pungent. Dose, grs. x.— 3i.; now all but laid aside. carminatives. 85 aqua Mentha pclegii, l. aq. pulegii, e. d. Pennyroyal Water. [Prepared by same process as Peppermint Water, l. e. d.] Uses, and Dose. See Aq. Menth. Pip. OLEUM MENTHA PULEGII, L. OL. PULEGII, E. D. The essential oil obtained from Mentha Pulegium. Oil of Pennyroyal. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as Oil of Peppermint. Dose, m. i. —m. v., its former specific reputation as an emmenagogue is now little credited. SPIRITUS MENTHA PULEGII, L. SPIRITUS PULEGII, D. Spirit of Pennyroyal. Prep.—Proceed in same way as for Spirit of Peppermint, l. —or—Mix together essential oil of pennyroyal 9vi., and pf. spirit cong. i., and by means of convenient apparatus apply heat, so that the mixture may distil, d. Uses, and Dose. Same as Spirit of Peppermint. Mentha viridis, v. s. l. e. d. Spearmint. The Herb. Use.—(Intl.) for same purposes as peppermint; the latter is more grateful and pungent. Dose, grs. x.—3'*> rarely employed thus. aqua Mentha viridis, u. s. l. e. d. Spearmint Water. [Prepared in same manner as Peppermint Water, l. e. d.] Uses, and Dose. See Aqua Menth. Pip. infusum Mentha simplex, d. Infusion of Spearmint. Prep.—Infuse leaves of spearmint dried 3ii-> in boiling water a sufficiency to afford Ivi. (by measure) when stiained. Use.—(Intl.) as a vehicle for other medicines chiefly. Dose, Iss.—liss. infusum mentha compositum, d. Compound Infusion of Spearmint. Prep.—Digest, during half an hour, the same proportion of the ingredients stated in the preceding; when cooled, strain the liquor, and. add refined sugar 5'n.; and then add oil of spearmint m. iii. dissolved in compound tincture of cardamom Iss.; mix. Use.—(Intl.) in nausea, anorexia, &c, and as a vehicle for other remedies. Dose, Iss.—liss., every 2d or 3d hour. oleum mentha viridis, u. s. l. e. d. The essential oil ob- tained from Mentha Viridis. Oil of Spearmint. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic flatulency, &c. Dose, m. i.—m. v., dropped on, or rubbed up with, sugar. 8 86 CARMINATIVES. spiritus mentha viridis, l. d. Spirit of Spearmint. Prep.—Mix together oil of spearmint 3iii«» pf- spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; then at a slow heat distil cong. i., l.—or—Add rectif. spirit cong. i., to oil of spearmint (by weight) Iss., and pour on a sufficiency of water to prevent subsequent empyreuma; with a slow fire distil cong. i., d. Use.—Similar to Oil of Peppermint. Dose, gtts. xxx.—f3i. TINCTURA OLEI MENTHA VIRIDIS, U. S. Prep.—Dissolve oil of spearmint flii. in alcohol Oi. Use.—The same as the above. Dose, gtts. xx.—xl. Origanum, U.S. l. e. origanum vulgare, d. o. vulgare, l. The Herb of O. V., u. s. e. Oil from the Herb, d. Com- mon Marjoram. Use.—(Intl.) has been supposed serviceable in some weak con- ditions of stomach; but hardly ever employed. It was one of the standard emmenagogues of old times. Dose, grs. x.—3ss., in powder ; has also been used in form of infusion. oleum origani, u.s. l. d. The essential oil obtained from the foregoing. Oil of Origanum. Use.—(Intl.) see Origanum; the oil is acrid, and very rarely prescribed for internal purposes. Dose, m. i.—m. v. (Extl.) v. Stimulants. origanum majorana, d. Sweet Marjoram, (v. Errhines.) oleum origani majorana, e. Oil of Sweet Marjoram. (v. Stimulants.) Uses, 8rc.—§ee remarks as to Origanum and its oil, above. Ruta, u. s. (v. Emmenagogues.) confectio ruta, l. conserva ruta, d. Confection of Rue. Prep.—In class Emmenagogues. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes serviceable in the convulsive affections and flatulent colic of young patients. Dose, 3ss.__3ii.; also administered by injection (say the dose just named, to gruel Iviii.) for the same cases. cathartics. 87 CATHARTICS. (Including Eccoprotics, Drastics, Hydragogues, &c. &c.) Aloe, u.s. l. The inspissated juice from the leaves of Aloe Spi- cata (and other species of Aloe, u. s.) aloe barbadensis, e. The extract or inspissated juice from the leaves of one or more undetermined species of Aloe. aloe indica, e. aloe hepatica, d. From one or more undetermined speciesof aloe, (e.)—from Aloe Vulgaris, (d.) aloe socotorina, e. (socotrina), d. Probably from an undetermined species of Aloe, (e.)—from A. Spicata, (d.) Use.—-(Intl.) in constipatio, dyspepsia. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., to be cautiously given where piles exist, or irritable condition of any of the pelvic viscera. It is to be feared that doses of aloes injuriously large are too frequently exhibited. DECOCTUM ALOES COMPOSITUM, L. D. DECOCTUM ALOES, E. Decoction of Aloes. Prep.—Boil together extract of liquorice 3vii«> carb. of potash Aloes. R Ext. aloes purif. (L. and D. Ph.) Rhei, pulv. Ipecacuan. pulv. Capsici Saponis 01. Carui q. s. Contunde bene, et divid. in pilulas. R Aloes Ext. gentianas 01. cari Syrupi aurant. F. mas., in pil. div. R Aloes socot. Ext. cinchon. Canellas, pulv. M. inter se, et subige in mas- sam cum syrupo Aurantii cort. Sumat ante cibum. (tonic and aperient.) R Aloes Cinnamomi F. pulvis. R Aloes Pil. hydrarg. F. massa in pilulas div. e quibus sumantur h. s. R Ext. aloes purif. Potassae bitart. Mellis q. s. M. pro una dosi. R Aloes Myrrhas Ext. gentianas Ferri sulphatis Mistur. acaciae M. f. pil. R Aloes Sodii chlorid. Farinas Mellis q. s. F. suppositorum 88 CATHARTICS. 3i«, aloes powdered, myrrh powdered, and saffron, each 3iss-» in distilled water Oiss., down to Oi., and strain ; then add comp. tincture of cardamom Ivii., l.—or—Mix together socotorine, or hepatic aloes, myrrh powdered, and saffron, each 3i-» ext. of li- quorice Iss., carb. of potash 9ii., and water Ixvi.; boil down to Ixii., then filter, and add comp. tincture of cardamom liv., e.— or—Mix together ext. of liquorice Iss., carb. of potass 9ii., he- patic aloes powdered, myrrh powdered, and saffron, each 3i-» wa- ter Oi.; boil down to Ixii., strain, then add comp. tincture of car- damoms liv., D. Use.—(Intl.) in constipation, especially when attendant on hy- pochondriasis, amenorrhoea, chlorosis ; jaundice, &c. Dose, Iss.—Iii.,—should be taken in the morning. It acts very mildly. enema aloes, l. Clyster of Aloes. Prep.—Mix and rub together aloes 9ii., carb. of potassa grs. xv., and decoction of barley Oss. Use.—See preceding. Will be serviceable in numerous cases, especially when exhibition of medicines by the stomach are inad- ( missible. EXTRACTUM ALOES PURIFICATUM, L. EXT. ALOES HEPATICA, d. Purified Extract of Aloes. Prep.—Macerate during 3 days (at a gentle heat) aloes pow- dered Ixv., in boiling water cong. i., strain; and after allowing the dregs to subside, pour off the clear liquid ; then evaporate to due consistence, l.—or—Proceed with hepatic aloes, &c. in the way directed for preparing ext. haematoxyli campechiani, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as aloes. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x.—grs. xv. It is preferable to crude aloes, from removal of a considerable amount of irritating resinous matter, and adventitious impurities. PILULA ALOES, U. S. E. PIL. ALOES COMPOSITA, L. D. Aloe- tic Pills. Prep.—Beat together into pill mass, aloes powdered Ii., ext. of gentian Iss., oil of caraway m. xl., syrup q. s., l. d. (the latter College orders hepatic aloes)—or—Proceed as just stated with socotorine aloes, and castile soap aa, conserve of red-roses q. s. (This pill may also be prepared with the finer qualities of E. India aloes, as the socotorine variety is very scarce; and many, not without reason, prefer the stronger Barbadoes aloes, e. Use.—In cases of constipation, and habitual costiveness from torpidity of the bowels,—the large intestines particularly. Dose, grs. x.—9i. CATHARTICS. 89 PIL. ALOES ET MYRRHA, U. S. E. PILULA ALOES CUM MYRRHA, L. d. Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. Prep.—Aloes in powder lij., powdered myrrh Ii., saffron Iss., syrup q. s. beat into mass and divide into 480 pills, u. s.—or— Rub together aloes Iii. and myrrh Ii., then add saffron Ii. and syrup q.s.; and beat all into proper pill mass, e. d. (the latter College orders hepatic aloes)—or—Beat into proper mass aloes (socot., or E. Indian) 4 parts, myrrh 2 parts, saffron 1 part, con- serve of red-roses q.s., e. Use.—In cases alluded to in foregoing, especially of females. Dose, grs. x.—9i. PILULA ALOES ET ASSAFCETIDA, U. S. E. Pills of Aloes and Assafcetida. Prep.—Beat together into suitable pill mass aloes (socotorine, or E. Indian), assafcetida, and castile soap ai, (with water, u. s.,) with conserve of red-roses q. s., e. Use.—In costiveness and flatulence of dyspeptic patients ; hys- teria, &c. &c, where carminative purges are indicated. Dose, grs. x., 2ce daily. PILULA CAMBOGIA COMPOSITA, L. PIL. CAMBOGIA, E. PIL. gambogia composita, d. Compound Pills of Gamboge. Prep.—Mix together gamboge powdered 3i-» aloes powdered 3iss., ginger powdered 3ss-5 then add soap 3"-» and beat all to- gether till combined, l.—or—Rub to powder separately gamboge, and aloes (E. Indian, or Barbadoes), each, 1 part; then mix with these aromatic powder 1 part, castile soap 2 parts, and syrup q. s.; beat all into proper pill mass, e.—or—Reduce to powder sepa- rately gamboge 3i-» hepatic aloes 3iss. and ginger 3^s.; mix them, and then with soap 5ii- and syrup q. s., let pill mass be formed, e. Use.—In cases of obstinate constipation, and in worm cases. Dose, grs. x.—9i. pilula aloes et ferri, e. Pills of Aloes and Iron. Prep.—Reduce to powder separately sulphate of iron 3 parts, and Barbadoes aloes 2 parts ; then mix with these aromatic pow- der G parts, and conserve of red-roses 8 parts ; beat into suitable pill mass—which divide into pills of grs. v. each. Use.—As a tonic purgative in cases of amenorrhcea, chlorosis, &c. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv. pulvis aloes compositus, l. d. Compound Powder of Aloes. Prep.—Rub to powder separately aloes liss. and guaiacum resin Ii.; then mix these with comp. powder of cinnamon Iss., l. d. 8" 90 CATHARTICS. (the latter College orders hepatic aloes, and aromatic powder; but its formula is otherwise identical with the above.) Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating diaphoretic purgative—in unyield- ing constipation, jaundice, &c. Dose, grs. x.—B'i., a nauseating remedy. pulvis aloes cum canella, u. s. d. Powder of Aloes and Canella. Prep.—Reduce to powder separately hepatic aloes ibi., and white canella liii.; then mix. Use.—In cases of constipation generally; the addition of ca- nella is for the purpose of communicating its aromatic flavour, and warmth, to the aloes. Dose, grs. x.—9i. It has gone by the name of Hiera Picra. tinctura aloes, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Aloes. Prep.—Digest during 14 days aloes powdered Ii., ext. of liquo- rice liii., water Oiss., rectif. spirit Oss.; strain, u. s. l.—or—Mix together and digest during 7 days (shaking occasionally) aloes (socotorine or Indian) coarsely powdered Ii., ext. of liquorice liii., rectf. spirit Ixii., water Oi. and Iviii., separate the clear liquor from the sediment; filter. This Tr. cannot be prepared by percolation, without difficulty and delay, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days socotorine aloes powdered Iss., ext. of liquorice (previously dissolved in Iviii. of boiling water) liss., pf. spirit (by measure) Iviii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea; costiveness of dyspeptic, hyste- ric, and other affections ; and in cases of simple constipation ; em- ployed chiefly as a contribution to cathartic mixtures, Sic. Dose, 3ii.—liss. TR. ALOES ET MYRRHA, U.S. E. TINCTURA ALOES COMPOSITA, l. d. Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Prep.—Aloes in powder liii., saffron Ii., tincture of myrrh Oii.; macerate 14 days, and filter through paper, u.s.—or—Digest during 14 days aloes powdered liv., saffron Iii., tincture of myrrh R Tr. aloes ---gentianas comp. ---aurantii F. mis tura, vel haustus R Tine, aloes comp. Tr. jalapas Infusi sennas F. haus^ tus purgans R Vini aloes Infusi sennas comp. Magnesias sulphatis M. f. mistura R Infusi anthemidis Vini aloes Liqu. potassae F. haus- tus, (in duodenal dyspep- sia, to act as an aperient.) CATHARTICS. 91 Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate during 7 days aloes (socotorine or E. Indian) powdered liv., saffron Iii., tincture of myrrh Oii.; filter the supernatant liquid (it cannot well be formed by percolation), e.—or—Digest during 14 days socotorine aloes powdered liii., in tincture of myrrh Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose 3i-—3n« (Extl.) sometimes as a stimulating application to tedious ulcers. vinum aloes, u. s. l. e d. Wine of Aloes. Prep.—Powdered aloes I i., cardamom seeds and ginger, bruis- ed, each 3i-» sherry wine Oi.; macerate 14 days, occasionally shaking, filter, u. s.—or—Digest during 14 days aloes powdered Iii., canella powdered tyiv., in sherry wine Oii. (shaking fre- quently) ; strain l.—or—Macerate during 7 days aloes (socot. or E. Ind.) liss., cardamom seeds ground, and ginger coarsely powdered, each3iss., in sherry Oii.; strain through calico or linen, e.—or—Reduce to powder separately socotorine aloes liv., and canella bark Ii., mix; then add Spanish white wine Oiii. (pre- viously mixed with pf. spirit Oi.), macerate the whole during 14 days, shaking frequently ; filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating aperient for cold habits, dyspep- tic, and chlorotic cases, Sic. Dose, Iss.—Iii. (stomachic in doses 3i-—3U0 [Apocynum Cannabinum, u.s. The Root. Indian Hemp. Use.—(Intl.) cathartic, hydragogue, emetic and diuretic—found useful in dropsical complaints. Dose, powder grs. xv. to grs. xxx. causes severe vomiting and purging ;—extract grs. iii.—grs. iv. 3ce a day ; decoction (Iss. root, to Oiss. water, boiled to Oi.) fli.— Iii. 2ce or 3ce a day.] Calomel.—See also Hydrargyri Chloridum mite. Calomel. R Hydrarg. chlor. mit. Pulv. antimonialis Ext. colocyn. comp. F. pilulas (in acute hepatitis.) R Hydr. chlor. mit. Jalapas, pulv. M. f. pulvis. R Hydrarg. chlor. mit. Pulv. Jacobi (veri) ---- rhei F. pulvis R Hydr. chlor. mit. Scammonii Sacchari, pur. F. pul- vis (for young patients.) R Hydrargyri chlor. mit. Jalapas Ipecacuanhas Sacchari M. R Hydr. chloridi mit. Jalapas, pulv. Rhei, pulv. M. f. pulvis. 92 CATHARTICS. Gambogia, u. s. d. cambogia, l. [c. siamensis], e. The concrete juice of an unknown tree, u. a. The gum-resin from Stalag- mitis Cambogioides, (l.)—from an unascertained plant in- habiting Siam, probably a species of Hebradendron, (e.)— from Stalagmitis Cambogia, (d.) Siam Gamboge. (cambogia [zeylanica], e. The gum-resin from Hebra- dendron Cambogioides. Ceylon Gamboge, e. The pre- ceding is the Gamboge of commerce.) Use.—(Intl.) in stubborn costiveness of bowels, as a drastic hydragogue purgative. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. v.; should never be given by itself—the compound gamboge pill is a valuable prepa- ration. Cassia Fistula, u.s. d. cassia, l. cassia pulpa, e. Pulp from the pods of C. Fistula. Cassia. Cassia-pulp. Use.—(Intl.) in costiveness, of delicate females chiefly; it is very slightly laxative. Dose, 3"-—Ii-? rarely employed, unless in the confection of senna, l. (q. v.) and the following:— CONFECTIO CASSIA, L. ELECTUARIUM CASSIA, D. Confection of Cassia. Prep.—Dissolve manna bruised Iii., in syrup of rose Iviii.; then mix in cassia (pulp) ibss., and tamarind (pulp) Ii.; evapo- rate to proper consistence, l.—or—Dissolve at a moderate heat manna bruised Iii., in syrup of orange ibss.; then add tamarind pulp Ii., and cassia pulp ibss.; and evaporate slowly to due con- sistence, D. Use.—(Intl.) as a mild purgative—see foregoing; may be em- ployed as a vehicle for more decided medicines. Dose, 3i.—Ii., of no reliance by itself. Colcllici Radix, u. s. colchici cormus, l. e. The cormus of Col- chicum Autumnale. Meadow-Saffron. Colchicum-bulb. Colchici Semina, u. s. l. e. Seeds of Meadow-Saffron. Colchicum Autumnale, d. The bulb and seeds. Either may be employed. Gamboge. Cassia. R Gambogias R Cassias fistulas Hydrarg. chlor. mit. Mannas Misturae acacias q. s. ut f. 01. amygdalas bolus, mane sumendus Aqu. aurantii M. (Marmalade de Tron- chin.) CATHARTICS. 93 Use.—(Intl.) in some rheumatisms, and other inflammatory diseases, instead of, or as an adjuvant to venassection; it acts energetically as a stimulant of the secretions, and as an irritant on mucous surfaces generally—more especially, however, on that of the duodenum (in large doses it acts as a sedative); from these properties, it has been administered in dropsical diseases, and for the purpose of expelling intestinal worms. Dose,gr. i.—grs. iv. powdered. In most cases its use is attended with uncertainty of action; it seems, therefore, now agreed, that unless pushed so as to induce giddiness, nausea, griping, &c. &c, its desired influence as a remedy need hardly be expected. acetum colchici, u. s. l. e. d. Vinegar of Colchicum. Prep.—Dried colchicum root bruised lij., distilled vinegar Oij., alcohol f Ii.; macerate the root in the vinegar in a close vessel 7 days, express, let dregs subside, pour off clear liquor, and add alcohol to it, u. s.—or—Digest during 3 days fresh meadow-saf- fron cormus sliced Ii., in distilled vinegar Ixvi., squeeze and strain ; then set by the liquor that the dregs may subside; then (to the clear liquor) add pf. spirit Ii., l. e. The Dublin formula differs from this only in one point, namely, by ordering ibi. of vinegar, d. Use.—(Intl.) see the preceding. Dose, 3ss.—3iss., in some simple liquid. extractum colchici aceticum, l. e. Acetic Extract of Colchicum. Prep.—Bruise fresh meadow-saffron cormus Ibi. (gradually sprinkling it) with acetic acid liii., squeeze out the juice; evapo- rate in an earthen vessel (not glazed with lead) to due consistence, l.—or—Proceed as just stated, with bulb of colchicum ibi., and pyroligneous acid liii., e. Meadow-Saffron. R Ext. colch. acetici R Colchici, pulv. ----aloes F. Pulv. ipecacuanhas comp. pilula, nocte maneque su- Sulph. potassae c. sulphure mend, donee alvus ben* F. pulvis qua- soluta fuerit. que hora sumendus (in R Ext. colch. acetici rheumatic gout.) Hydrarg. chloridi mit. R Colchici, pulv. Antimonii et potassae-lart. Potassae nitratis F. moles, in pil. Hydrarg. chloridi mit. F. div. pulvis. 94 cathartics. Use.—(Intl.) see employment of colchicum (it is said to be ser- viceable in promoting the healthy flow of bile). Dose, gr. 1.— grs. ii., may be repeated 2ce or 3ce daily. extractum colchici cormi, l. Extract of Colchicum Cor- mus. Prep.— Bruise (in a stone mortar) fresh meadow-saffron cor- mus ibi., sprinkling on it a small quantity of water; squeeze out the juice, and then evaporate to due consistence. Use.—(Intl.) in peritonitis and some others of the phlegmasia ; in haemoptysis, &c. Dose, grs. i.—grs. ii., repeated every 3d or 4th hour. oxymel colchichi, d. Oxymel of Colchicum. Prep.—Macerate during 2 days fresh bulb of meadow-saffron (cut into thin slices) Ii., in distilled vinegar Oi.; squeeze and strain, then add thereto clarified honey ibii.; boil to syrup con- sistence—stirring frequently with a wooden spoon. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly employed in dropsical affections and hu- moral asthma. Dose, "§i. 2ce a-day, and gradually enlarged. tinctura colchici seminis, u. s. tinctura colchici, l. e. tinctura seminum colchici, d. Tincture of Col- chicum Seed. Prep.—Digest during 14 days, meadow-saffron seeds bruised Iv., (liv., u.s.) in pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l. —or—With colchicum seeds (finely ground in a coffee-mill) I v., and pf. spirit Oii., proceed by the method of percolation, (v. per Index) which is more convenient and speedy for this Tr., e. —or—Digest during 14 days, seeds of meadow-saffron Iii., in pf. spirit ibi.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see employment of Colchici Cormus, &c, and foregoing preparations thereof. Dose, m. x.—m. xv.—m. xx.— 3ss.; the tincture is esteemed preferable to other preparations of *olchicum, as the seeds from which it is prepared possess greater medicinal equality than the cormus. R Oxymellis colch. Ammonias acet. liquoris Aquae M. f. mistur. cujus capiat cochl. R Tr. colchici Infusi sennas comp. Magnesias Sp. pimentae Infusi caryophylli M. f. haustus. cathartics. 95 tinctura colchici composita, l. Compound Tincture of Colchicum. Prep.—Digest during 14 days meadow-saffron bruised Iv., in aromatic spirit of ammonia Oii.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding, in cases where addition of ammonia (as an antacid or otherwise) may be suitable. Dose, m. x.—3SS«» extemporaneous combination of ammonia with the simple Tr. would be equally useful, and perhaps preferable. vinum colchici radicis, u. s. vinum colchici, l. e. Wine of Colchicum. Prep.—Colchicum root bruised Ibj., sherry wine Oij.; mace- rate 14 days, shaking occasionally, express and filter, u. s.—of —Digest during 14 days, meadow-saffron cormus dried Iviii., in sherry wine Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate the articles just named during only 7 days; strain, express strongly, and filter, e. Use.—(Intl.) in gout, rheumatism, and most inflammatory com- plaints,—see Colchicum, &c. Dose, m. x.—3SS- (nas been re- garded as specific in podagra.) [ConTOlvulus PanduratUS, u. s. The root of Convolvulus Pandu- ratus. Wild Potato. Use.—(Intl.) a mild cathartic, with some diuretic properties. Dose, 9ii. to 3j., in powder.] R Tr. colchici comp. Sodas carb. Infus. sennas comp. ----aurantii comp. Sp. lavandulas comp. M. f. haust. R Vini colch. Aq. menth. pip. Liq. ammon. acetat. Syrupi tolutani M. f. haustus. R Vini colchici Tr. cardamomi comp. Infus. rhei Magnes. carb. Infusi aurant. comp. M. f. haustus. R Vini colch. Magnesias Tr. sennae comp. Infus. sennae M. f. haustus (in gout.) R Vini colchici Solutionis magnesias Syrupi croci Mistur. camphorae M. ; sumantur cochl. quaque hora. R Vini colchici Mistur. camphorae Magnesias .^•/" haustus in die sumendus. 96 cathartics. Colocynthis, u. s. l. e. cucumis colocynthis, d. The fruit of C. Colocynthis deprived of its rind, u. s. The dried pulp from the fruit of Cucumis Colocynthis, (l. e.) The pulp from the fruit, (e. d.) Bitter Cucumber, Colocynth. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical and lethargic diseases, as a stimulat- ing hydragogue; but from its violent action, scarcely ever admi- nistered alone. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. x.; its objectionable qualities may be somewhat moderated (when given in powder) by inti- mately triturating with gum Arabic. In form of decoction it has been employed as a vermifuge. enema colocynthidis, l. Clyster of Colocynth. Prep.—Mix and triturate together comp. extract of colocynth 9ii., soft soap Ii., water Oi. Use.—In constipation from habitual torpidity of the bowels, whether constitutional, induced by sedentary habits, or otherwise. EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS, L. E. EXT. COLOCYNTHIDIS simplex, d. Extract of Colocynth. Prep.—Mix and boil (during 6 hours) at a slow fire, colocynth cut to pieces ibi., in distilled water cong. ii., frequently adding supplies of distilled water to amount of what has evaporated; strain whilst hot; evaporate to due consistence, l.—or—Boil gently during 6 hours colocynth ibi., in water cong. ii., occasion- ally adding water to the amount of what has evaporated; strain while hot; evaporate (in the vapour bath) to suitable consistence, e.—or—With colocynth pulp ibi., and water cong. i., boil down to Oiv.; strain whilst hot; evaporate to due consistence. Use.—(Intl.) for general purgative purposes—not so apt to in- duce griping as colocynth in substance. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxv. in form of pills ; more usually combined with other medicines of the present class. extractum colocynthidis compositum, u. s. l. d. Com- pound Extract of Colocynth. Prep.—Colocynth without seeds and sliced Ivi., powdered aloes Ixii., powdered scammony liv., powdered cardamom Ii., soap liij., diluted alcohol cong. j.; macerate the colocynth in the alcohol, with a gentle heat, 4 clays, express and filter, and add the aloes, scammony and soap; evaporate to proper consistence, Colocynth. R Ext. colocynthidis comp. R Ext. colocynth. Opii Mellis despum. 01. myristiese F. Glycyrrhyzas, pulv. F. massa in pil. div. bolus. e quibuscap. cathartics. 97 then mix the cardamom, u. s.—or—Digest (at a moderate heat) during 4 days, colocynth cut in pieces Ivi., in pf. spirit cong. i.; strain, and then add purified ext. of aloes Ixii., scammony pow- dered liv., and soap liii.; evaporate to proper thickness and (to- wards the end) mix in cardamom powdered Ii., l. d. (the latter College orders hepatic aloes, and hard soap to b*e employed; in other respects, its formula for this preparation is the same as that of Lond.) Use.—(Intl.) in obstinate, or habitual costiveness; visceral ob- structions ; a stimulating and efficacious remedy. Dose, grs. v.— grs. xxx. as pills; generally combined with calomel, or other me- dicines. PILULA COLOCYNTHIDIS, E. PIL. COLOCYNTH. COMPOSITA, D. Compound Colocynth Pills. Prep.—Rub together aloes (socot. or E. Ind.), and scammony, each 8 parts, and sulphate of potash 1 part; then add (to these) colocynth finely powdered 4 parts; now add oil of cloves 1 part; and with retif. spirit q. s. beat into proper pill mass ; divide into pills of grs. v. each, e.—or—Triturate to powder, hepatic aloes and scammony, each Ii., and sulphate of potass 3i-; then mix (with these) colocynth pith Iss., and essential oil of cloves 3i«— finally rub all together with castile soap 5u\—and empyreumatic syrup q. s., d. Use.—In cases alluded to in the preceding; and an equally ef- fective and valued remedy. Dose, grs. v—grs. x.—grs. xx. PILULA COLOCYNTHIDIS ET HYOSCYAMI, E. Pills of Colo- cynth and Henbane. Prep.—Beat perfectly together colocynth-pill-mass 2 parts, and ext. of hyoscyamus 1 part (a few drops of rectif. spirit, if necessary, may be added during the process); divide into pills of grs. v. Use.—Same as last—in cases where risk of intestinal irritation requires to be guarded against. R Ext. col. comp. R Hydrarg. chloridi mit. -----gentianas Pulv. Jacobi Ipecacuanhae Ext. colocyn. comp. F. Pil. hydrarg. pil. (in fever, where the Ext. hyosciami skin is dry.) Saponis M. f. mas. in pil. div. pro dosi. 9 98 CATHARTICS. pilula cathartica composita, u. s. Compound Cathartic Pills. Prep.—Beat together compound ext. colocynth Iss., extract of jalap in powder, calomel, each 3iij., gamboge in powder 3ii.; mix with water into a mass, and divide into 180 pills, u.s. Use.—Same as above, acts effectually in dose of 3 pills, a sin- gle one usually proves laxative. Elaterium, u. s. l. e. d. A substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Momordica Elaterium, u. s. The fresh fruit of Mo- mordica Elaterium, (l.)—Feculence subsiding from the juice of said plant (e.)—The fruit; fecula ; and leaves, (d.) Wild Cucumber. Squirting Cucumber. To this substance the following misnomer has been applied. EXTRACTUM ELATERII, L. D. EXT. ELATERII, SEU ELATERIUM, e. Extract of Elaterium, (a most absurd title.) Prep.—Gently squeeze the juice from ripe wild cucumbers sliced, and strain through a hair sieve ; set aside till the thicker part has subsided; the thinner supernatant part being rejected; dry the thicker part at a moderate heat, l. e. d. (The Edin. Ph. orders the fruit of Momordica elaterium, before it is quite ripe.) Use.—(Intl.) for its powerful hydragogue properties—in drop- sical affections chiefly (when other remedies of the present class have proved inefficacious); and sometimes in cases of tedious costiveness, some fevers, Sic. Dose, g—gr. i.; it is better to give smaller doses (say gr. 1-16.—gr. §) at hourly intervals, until the action of the remedy becomes perceptible ; two grains combined with grs. viii.—grs. x. of soap may be found useful in cases of apoplexy. Elaterium. R Elaterii Hydr. chloridi mit. Capsici Confec. rosae caninae q. s. M. ut f. pilula mane sum. R Elaterii Hydr. chloridi mit. Ext. colo. comp. Capsici F. pil. R Elaterii Ext. gentianas F. pilula. R Elaterii Potassae bitart. Zingiberis, pulv. M. f. pulv. R Elaterii Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Pulv. cinnamomi comp. Sacchari, pulv. Tere intime et div. in chart. (in anasarca, ascites, &c.) cathartics. 99 Geoffroya Inennis, d. Cabbage Tree Bark. (v. Anthelmintics.) Use.—(Intl.) chiefly for expelling worms; sometimes employed as a purgative. Dose, grs. xv.—5SS- Guaiaci Resina, u. s. l., &c. &c. Guaiac. (v. Alteratives, and Diaphoretics.) Use.—(Intl.) from its stimulant properties (in doses of grs. xv. —3"0 it acts purgatively on the bowels—but is never prescribed for this purpose alone. Hellebores, u. s. l. e. helleborus niger, d. The root of H. officinalis, (l.)—of H. niger (u. s. e. d.) Hellebore. Black Hellebore, &c. Christmas Rose. Use.—(Intl.) formerly in high reput* when profuse evacuation was deemed--,.......... j,unoi u,tll treatment. Dose, grs. v.—5'-' seldom now used. tinctura hellebori, u. s. l. tinctura hellebori nigri, d. Tincture of Black Hellebore. Prep.—Digest during 14 days hellebore bruised Iv. (liv. u. s.), in pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate during 7 days black hellebore roughly powdered liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of uterine obstruction, especially where tonic remedies are inadmissible; (see preceding). Dose, m. xxx. —5i*» never selected, unless as an adjunct. Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite, u. s. hydrargyri chloridum, l. calo- MELAS, E. CALOMELAS SUBLIMATUM, (et PRECIPITATUM,) D. Calomel. r Use.—(Intl.) in numerous cases requiring smart-Evacuation of the intestines; especially useful for children, when it is judiciously exhibited; the fact of its being too often indiscriminately selected Cabbage-tree. R Hydrarg. chloridi mit. R Geoffroyas iner. Jalapas Jalapae, pulv. M. f. Sacchari Sit pulvis pulv. (in bilious fever, and slimy state of bowels.) Mercury. R Hydrargyri chloridi mit. R Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Pulv. scammonii comp. Gambogias, pulv. F. pulvis. Jalapas, pulv. R Hydrarg. chlor. mit. Rhei, pulv. Scammonii Cinnamomi, pulv. M. Sacchari, pur. (in a dosis little honey.) 100 CATHARTICS. cannot be denied however. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. vi. and upwards; but generally combined with other purgatives. HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA, (u. S.) L. E. D. Mercury with Chalk. Prep.—See class Alteratives. Use.—(Intl.) to clear out and correct loose condition of bowels, in young patients chiefly. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. v., and upwards. hydrargyrum cum magnesia, d. Mercury with Magnesia. Prep.—See Alteratives. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx., and upwards. u. s. l. e. d. Mercurial Pills. Blue Pills. Prep.—See class Sialagogues. Uses.—Combined with other medicines of the present class (as aloes, comp. colocynth pill, &c.) forms an excellent remedy in cases of costiveness attendant on torpidity of the liver, jaundice, or dropsies. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.—9i., sometimes, but rarely given by itself, as a purgative. PILULA HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI COMPOSITA, L. PIL. CALO- melanos comp., e. d. Compound Calomel Pills. Prep.—See Alteratives. Use.—In such cases as are alluded to in the preceding. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x.—9i., generally accompanied by one or two aloetic, or other cathartic pills, at bed-time. 1, u. s. l. e. d. The* root of Ipomaea Jalapa, (u. s. l.)— Ipomasa Purga, (e.)—Convolvulus Jalapa, (d.) Jalap. Use.—(Intl.) a remedy of great reliance in constipated condi- tions of the bowels, worms, dropsical affections, &c. Dose, grs. R Hydrargyri chloridi mit. Saponis M. F. Jalapas massa in pil. dis- Confect. rosas caninae q. s. ut tribuenda f. bolus R Hydrargyri chlor. mit. R Hydrarg. chlor. mit. Magnesias sulphatis Rhei, pulv. Syrupi rhamni q. s. F. bo- Jalapae, pulv. M. f. lus. pulvis R Pil. hydrarg. R Hydrarg. chlorid. mit. Rhei, pulv. Jalapas Aquae q. s. Divide in pilu- las quarum sumat CATHARTICS. 101 x.—3ss-> by itself, or combined with calomel, or other purgative medicines. A minute addition of potassio-tart. of antimony, pro- motes its action ; and one or two drops of essential oil will obviate the tendency it has to cause griping. EXTRACTUM JALAPA, U. S. L. D. EXTRACTUM sive RESINA jalapa, e. Extract of Jalap. Prep.—Prepared like extract, cinchonas, u. s.—or—Digest dur- ing 4 days jalap root powdered ibiiss., in rectif. spirit cong. i., then pour off the tincture. Boil the residue in distilled water cong. ii., down to cong. ss.; strain this, and also the tincture, separately,—let the latter evaporate, and distil the former, till each thickens; mix both together and evaporate to due consistence. This extract should be kept soft to form pills, and hard for reduc- ing to powder, l.—or—Mix any convenient amount of jalap (in moderately fine powder) with a sufficiency of rectified spirit to moisten it well; place it during 12 hours in a percolator, and ex- haust with rectif. spirit; distil off the most of the spirit, then con- centrate the residuum to due consistence at vapour-bath heat, e. —or—Macerate during 4 days jalap root powdered ibi., in rectif. spirit Oivi, and pour of the spirit; boil the residue in water cong. i., down to Oii.; then separately strain the tincture and decoction, —distil the former and evaporate the latter, until both begin to thicken ; mix both together, and evaporate to proper consistence, at boiling water heat, d. R R R R Jalap. R Jalapas Jalapas Misturae amygdalas M. Rhei R Jalapas Hydrarg. chloridi. mit. M. Ipecacuanhas divide in pulveres 01. cinnam. F. pul- cap. vis, ex vehiculo aliquo Jalapas idoneo sumendus Potassae bitart. R Ext. Jalapas Sacchari pur. Saponis 01. limon. M. f. Alcohol is Solve pulv. extractum et saponem in Jalapas alcohole et vapora lente Cinnamomi, pulv. ad spissitudinem idone- Rhei F. pul vis am. F. pil. (for children) R Ext. Jalapas Jalapas Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Scammonii Saponis Mellis q. s. F. bol. 01. lavand. F. massa in pil. div. 102 CATHARTICS. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv.—9i., as pills or bolus. PULVIS JALAPA COMPOSITUS, U.S. L. E. D. Compound PoW- der of Jalap. Prep.—Rub separately to powder jalap liii., bitartrate of potash Ivi., and ginger 3ii.; then mix together, l.—or—Reduce to a very fine powder jalap powdered Ii., and bitartrate of potash Iii. U. S. E. D. Use.—(Intl.) in sluggish or constipated state of bowels, when hydragogue effects are desired ; worms. The addition of ginger (Lond. Ph.) is of great advantage in obviating the tendency which jalap has to cause griping. Dose, grs xv.—9'ii. for adults—grs. v.—grs. x. for children. tinctura jalapa, u.s. l. e. d. Tincture of Jalap. Prep.—Macerate powdered jalap Iviij., in diluted alcohol Oij., for 14 days, express and filter, u. s.—or—Digest during 14 days jalap bruised Ix., in pf. spirit Oii., strain, l.—or—With jalap moderately powdered Ivii., and pf. spirit Oii., digest during 7 days and then strain; or prepare by the process of percolation (v. per Index), e.—or—Macerate during 14 days jalap-root coarsely pow- dered Iviii., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) a valuable adjuvant to purgative draughts, or mix- tures. Dose, 3i-—3'ii* [Juglans, u. s. The inner bark of the root of Juglans Cinerea. Butternut. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of costiveness and other bowel affections, especially dysentery, given in decoction or extract, never in sub- stance. EXTRACTUM JUGLANDIS, U. S. Prep.—Similar to manner directed for extract of gentian, u.s. R Ext. Jalapas Sacchari, pur. Tere simul in mortario et gra- datim adde vitellum unius ovi dimidium, agita et in misturam paulatim aliun- de :— Mistur. acaciae M. et denique adde Aq. cinnamomi F. emulsio. R Tr.jalapas Syrupi rhamni Aq. menth. pip. F. haust. R Tr. jalapas ---sennas comp. potassae tart. Syrupi sennas M. f. haustus, primo mane su- mendus. CATHARTICS. 103 Use.—(Intl.) as above. Dose, 3i.—3SS0 Linum Catharticum, e. The Herb. Purging Flax. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of costiveness. Dose, 9'ii.—5'-» or as infusion (say 3'i-—in boiling water, or whey Oi.) Iii.; a good purgative, but rarely selected. Magnesia, u. s. l. e. d. (v. Antacids.) Use.—(Intl.) to neutralize, and remove (by stool) acidity of the stomach, &c. during pregnancy; in gout, and in other affections (especially in children) attended with irritation of the intestinal mucous membrane; it is preferable to the carbonate, from not causing (or augmenting) flatulency; on this account it is important to ascertain that magnesia has really been obtained in cases where requisite. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.—9i.—3i-» better in combination with rhubarb, or other vegetable purgatives. magnesia carbonas, u. s. l. e. d. Carbonate of Magnesia. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing, to whir.h it is similar in action, but very apt to induce (or increase existing) flatulency. Dose, grs. v. —3 ii- MAGNESIA SULPHAS, 1T. S. L. E. D. (et purum, d.) Sulphate of Magnesia. H.pbom tu«. Use.—(Intl.) in numerous diseases where watery purgation is necessary ; especially those of inflammatory and febrile character; (very unsuitable, however, in cases where there exists considerable irritation, or confirmed disease in any portion of the intestinal passage. An invaluable remedy when depletion is requisite, and Magnesia. R Magnesias Rhei 01. cari M. f. pulvis. R Magnesias Aq. menth. pip. Tr. aurantii cort. F. haus. R Magnesias Rhei, pulv. Sacchari, pur. 01. anisi Tr. castorei ---opii Aq. M. (for in- fants.) R Magnes. sulphat. Soda; sulphatis Aq. menth. viridis Vin. antim. (D. Ph.) F. mistura. R Magnesias sulphat. Sodii chloridi Aquae M. f. haustus. R Magnesias sulphatis Rhei, pulv. M. R Magnes. sulphatis Sodas sulphatis Ferri sulph. Misturae camphorae F. mistura, de qua sum. cochl. amp. 104 CATHARTICS. only limited abstraction of blood is allowable. Dose,$i.—Iii.; abundance of gruel or other bland fluid should be taken to pro- mote its action. Much employed in form of glyster; the follow- ing is an excellent example :— enema catharticum, e. d. Cathartic Clyster. Prep.—Infuse during 1 hour senna Iss., in boiling water Ixvi., and add (so as to dissolve) sulphate of magnesia Iss., and sugar Ii., now add olive oil Ii., and mix by agitation, e.—or—Dissolve manna Ii. in compound decoction of chamomile Ix., then add olive oil Ii., and sulphate of magnesia Iss., d. Use.—In constipation, and habitual costiveness. Manna, u.s. l. e. d. The concrete exudation from Ornus Euro- paea, (u. s. l.)—probably from several species of Fraxinus, and Ornus, (e.)—from Fraxinus Ornus, (d.) Manna. Use.—(Intl.) in complaints of children chiefly—its sugary sweetness, and confectionery appearance, renders it a remedy of much service with them ; it frequently occasions flatulency and griping, therefore it is better in combination with some pleasant carminative. Dose for adults Ii.—Iii.—for children 3'-—Iss. The Rhizoma of P. peltatum. May apple. use.—(lnti.) in same cases as Jalap, and in the same combi- nations. Dose, 9i. EXTRACTUM PODOPHYLLI, U. S. Prep.—In the same manner as Extract of Peruvian Bark, Use.—(Intl.) is an active purgative, suitable to same condition of the bowels as Extract of Jalap. Dose, gr. v.—xv.] Potassa. potassa acetas, u. s. l. e. d. Acetate of Potassa. Llse.—(Intl.) in febrile affections, to move the bowels gently; and for its cooling qualities. Dose, 3ii-—3'v- (in solution). Manna. R Mannas 01. amygd. Tere simul et adde Syrupi Dos. (for infants) R Mannas Anisi Infus. sennae comp. M. f. haustus. R Mannas Rhei pulv. Aquas, ferv. Macera cola, et divide in doses. R Mannas Potassae bitart. Seri lactis M. CATHARTICS. 105 potassa bisulphas, l. e. d. Bisulphate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in torpid conditions of the bowels—in dyspeptic cases chiefly—and those only where aperient, and, at same time, acid remedies are indicated. Dose, grs. x.—3ii-> repeated 2ce or 3ce daily. potassa bitartras, u. s. l. e. d. (tartari crystalli, d.) Bitartrate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory and febrile affections; an agree- able adjunct to other medicines of the present class, the action of which it considerably increases, and contributes to them a cooling effect. Dose, 3iii-—Ii- potassa sulphas, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of habitual costiveness ; visceral obstruc- tions of children ; generally given in combination with other ape- rients. Dose, 9i—3vi« pulvis salinus compositus, e. d. Compound Saline Pow- der. Prep.—Dry separately at a gentle heat pure muriate of soda, and sulphate of magnesia, each liv., sulphate of potash liii.; re- duce each to powder, then rub all well together; keep in well- stopped bottles, e. d. r Use.—(Intl.) in habitual costiveness—an efficacious, gently stimulating aperient. Dose, 3'i-—3lVt dissolved in water, or some simple fluid. Potassa. R Potassae acetat. Oxymel. colchici Aquae Sp. juniperis comp. F. haust. pro re nata sumen- dus R Potass, acetatis Sp. aetheris nitric. Aq. cinnamomi Syrupi M. f. mistura R Potass, bitart. -------nitratis Sacchari M. dosis ex. cyatho lactis R Potassae bitart. Tamarindi Aquae M. R Potassae sulphatis Rhei, pulv. M. divide in chartulas quar. rap. R Potassae sulphat. Decoct, hordei solve, et adjice Oxymellis Aceti M. f. mistura 106 CATHARTICS. potassa sulphas cum sulphure, e. Sulphate of Potassa with Sulphur. Prep.—Mix together thoroughly nitrate of potash, and sulphur, equal parts ;—deflagrate by small quantities, in a red-hot crucible ; when action ceases and the substance is cool, triturate, and keep it in well-stopped bottles. Use.—(Intl.) in cutaneous, and other affections, where the em- ployment of sulphureous mineral waters is indicated. Dose, grs. x.—3i. potassa tartras, u. s. l. e. d. VTartrate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in febrile affections ; melancholia, hypochondria- sis ; it has the property of preventing griping from resinous pur- gatives with which it may be combined. ^Dose, 3ii«—Ii* Prunum, u.s. pruna, l. e. prunus domestica, d. The dried (preserved) fruit of Prunus Domestica, uJs.\. Prunes. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of costiveness acconvpanned with febrile symptoms—in debilitated constitutions. Prunes hav,e nutrient as well as laxative properties. Dose, ad libitum. K RHAMNI BACCA, E. RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS, D. The of\Rhamnus Catharticus, (l. d.)—the fruit, (e.) ring Buckthorn. itl.)—in cases where senna, jalap, &c, might be em ployed—tneste are infinitely preferable, however, as the acrid taste, and the thirst, griping, and nausea, produced by buckthorn, form serious objections;» its exhibition under any form. Dose, 20 fresh berries; gvi. of newly-expressed juice; or 3i» of berries dried ; very rarely used. syrupus rhamni, l. e. d. Syrup of Buckthorn. Prep.—Set aside during 3 days (that the dregs may subside) fresh juice of buckthorn Oiv.; strain. To Oi. of clear juice add ginger sliced, and pimenta powdered, each 3yi- '•> macerate at a gentle heat during 4 hours, and strain; boil down that which is left to the measure of Oiss.; mix the liquors, and add (so as to dissolve) sugar ibiv., l. e.—or—Set aside (that dregs may sub- side) fresh juice of buckthorn berries Oiiss. ; strain. To Ix. of clear juice add ginger-root sliced, and pimenta berries bruised, Buckthorn. R Infusi sennae R Syrupi rhamni Syrupi rhamni M. Tr. jalapas f. haustus Decoct, hordei F. haustus CATHARTICS. 107 each liii.; digest during 24 hours and filter; what remains boil down to Oi., and make into syrup, d. Use.—Similar to foregoing; employed sometimes as a contri- bution to senna draughts, &c, or in clyster. Seldom prescribed —unless, perhaps, nothing better is at hand. Dose, 3i—Ii- Rheum, u. s. l. e. rheum (palmatum, et r. undulatum), d. The root of R. Palmatum, and other species of Rheum, (u. s.) The root of R. Palmatum, (l.)—of an undetermined species of Rheum, (e.) The root, (d.) Rhubarb. Use.—(Intl.) in costive, sluggish, and irregular conditions of the bowels, in patients of all ages ; in icterus, hypochondriasis, &c. &c. Dose, grs. x.—9i.—3ss. (stomachic in small doses—its tonic astringency is increased by its being baked.) extractum rhei, l. e. d. Extract of Rhubarb. Prep.—Digest during 4 days at gentle heat rhubarb powdered Ixv., in pf. spirit Oi., and distilled water Ovii.; set aside that the dregs may subside. Pour off the liquor and strain; then evapo- rate to due thickness, l.—or—Macerate during 24 hours rhubarb cut into small bits ibi., in water Oiii.; filter through cloth, and squeeze moderately with the hands or otherwise; macerate the • residual mass in water Oii. during at least 12 hours; filter (in the cloth before employed) and squeeze strongly. Filter the liquors again if requisite ; then evaporate them together to due consistence in the vapour-bath. A finer extract may be obtained by evapo- R R R R Rhubarb. R Rhei Rhei Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Jalapas Zingiber. F. pul- Potassae bitart. vis, cujus cap. pro Svrupi rosae F. boli. dose Rhei R Rhei Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Potassa? sulphat. M. Syrupi althaeas q. s. ut F. bo- f. pulv. in pulmento, vel lus, hora somni sumend. in poc. seri lact. vinos. Rhei sumend. Scammonii R Rhei Hydr. chloridi mit. M. f. Zingiberis pulv. purg. extemplo in Ext. aloes purif. F. pulpa pomi tosti sumend. pil. p. r. n. sumendae Rhei R Rhei Potassae carb. Aquae Coque paulisper, Columbas M. dosis cola et adde in die Mannae Dos. (for children.) 108 CATHARTICS. rating in a vacuum, l.—or—Macerate during 4 days rhubarb-root bruised ibi., in pf. spirit Oi., and water Ovii.; strain, and set aside that the dregs may subside. Evaporate the decanted liquor to suitable thickness, d. Lse.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx., forms a good basis for pills; or it may be given dissolved, but is by no means a remedy of any reliance, uncombined. infusum rhei, u. s. l. e. d. Infusion of Rhubarb. Prep.—Digest during 2 hours (in a lightly covered vessel) rhubarb sliced 3»ii., in boiling distilled water Oi.; then strain, l. —or—Infuse during 12 hours (in a covered vessel) rhubarb coarsely powdered Ii., in boiling water Ixviii.; then add spir. of cinnamon Iii., and strain through calico or linen, e.—or—Infuse during 2 hours (in a suitable vessel) rhubarb-root sliced 3i, in boiling water Oss.; strain, u. s. d. Use.—(Intl.) see Rheum ; employed chiefly in cases of consti- pation attendant on dyspepsia; or as a vehicle for neutral salts. Dose, Iii.—liii. (stomachic and tonic in smaller doses.) pilula rhei, u. s. e. Pills of Rhubarb. Prep.—Beat into a mass with water, powdered rhubarb 3vi., soap 3ii., to be divided into 120 pills, u. s.—or—Beat together into pill mass rhubarb finely powdered 9 parts, acetate of potash 1 part, and conserve of red-roses 5 parts ; divide into pills of grs. v. each. Use.—See Rheum. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x.—grs. xv.__3i. (stomachic in minor doses.) pilula rhei composita, u.s. l. e. Compound pills of Rhubarb. Prep.—Beat into a mass, powdered rhubarb Ii., powdered aloes 3vi., powdered myrrh Iss., oil of peppermint f3ss., syrup of orange peel q. s., and divide into 240 pills, u. s.—or—Mix to- gether rhubarb powdered Ii., aloes powdered 3vi., and myrrh powdered Iss.; then add soap 3i., oil of caraway 3ss., and syrup q. s.; and beat all together until incorporated, l.—or—Mix to- gether rhubarb finely powdered 12 parts, aloes in fine powder 9 parts, myrrh and castile soap, each 6 parts, oil of peppermint 1 part, and conserve of red-roses 5 parts; then beat into pill mass, R Infusi rhei R Infusi rhei Tr. Jalapas Potassae tart. Syrupi zingiberis F. Tr. jalapas haustus purgans. ---cardamom, comp. M. pro haust. aperiente. CATHARTICS. 109 and divide into pills of grs. v. each. The peppermint oil may be omitted if preferable, e. Use.—In constipation attending dyspepsia; chlorosis, and cases alluded to under Rheum ; much employed as a mildly stimulating remedy for females. pilula rhei et ferri, e. Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. Prep.—Beat into suitable pill mass, dried sulphate of iron 4 parts, extract of rhubarb 10 parts, and conserve red-roses 5 parts ; then divide into pills of grs. v. each. Use.—In cases where costiveness and debility co-exist. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x.—grs. xv. pulvis rhei compositus, e. (Gregory's Powder.) Prep.—Mix thoroughly together magnesia ibi., ginger finely powdered Iii., and rhubarb in fine powder liv.; preserve in well- stopped bottles. Use.—This is a well known, and valuable preparation; em- ployed in constipation, irregular conditions of bowels, &c. Dose, 3i.—3'- I°r adults,—grs. iii.—grs. x. for young patients. [SYRUPUS RHEI, U. S. Prep.—Bruised rhubarb Iii., boiling water Oi., sugar ibii.; macerate the rhubarb in the water 24 hours, strain, add sugar, and evaporate to proper consistence. Use.—(Intl.) a mild cathartic, well suited to infants, for whom dose f3i.—f3'i- SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICUS, U. S. Prep.—Bruised rhubarb lijss., bruised cloves and cinnamon, each Iss., bruised nutmeg 3ii-» diluted alcohol Oii., syrup Ovi. ; macerate the rhubarb and spices in the alcohol 14 days, strain, evaporate by water bath to Oi., while hot add syrup heated. Use.—(Intl.) a warm stomachic laxative, well suited for child- ren. Dose, f3i. pro re nata.] tinctura rhei, u. s. e. Tincture of Rhubarb. Prep.—Mix together rhubarb moderately powdered liiiss (liii. u.s.), cardamom seeds bruised Iss.—and with pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii., proceed by the process of percolation (v. per Index). This tincture may also be prepared by digestion. Use.—(Intl.) see the following. Dose, Iss.—Ii. tinctura rhei composita, l. d. Compound Tincture of Rhubarb. Prep.—Digest during 14 days rhubarb sliced liiss., liquorice 10 110 CATHARTICS. bruised 3vi., ginger sliced, and saffron, each 3'"- 'n pf- spirit Oii.; then strain, l.—or—Macerate during 7 days rhubarb-root sliced Iii., cardamom seeds husked and bruised, and liquorice, each Iss., saffron 3iU in pf. spirit Oii.; then filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases where aperient and stomachic remedies are required ; this, or the preceding tincture, may be chosen ac- cording to circumstances ; they are both preferable to other pre- parations of rhubarb. Dose, Iss.—Ii. (may be used as a sto- machic, in minor doses.) tinctura rhei et aloes, u. s. e. Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. Prep.—Rhubarb bruised 3x., powdered aloes 3vi;, cardamom seeds bruised Iss., diluted alcohol Oii.; macerate 14 days, ex- press and filter, u. s.—or—Mix together rhubarb moderately pow- dered liss., aloes (soc. or E. Ind.) in moderately fine powder 3vi., cardamom seeds bruised 3v-5 and with pf. spirit Oii., proceed by percolation (v. process). It may be also prepared, though less expeditiously and with greater loss, by digestion (during 7 days), the bark, in that case, being only reduced to coarse powder. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of costiveness, &c. Sic, where an ener- getic purgative is requisite. Dose, 3«i.—3vi.—Ii. tinctura rhei et gentiana, u. s. e. Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. Prep.—Mix together rhubarb in moderately fine powder Iii., gentian finely cut or coarsely powdered Iss.; and with pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u.s.) Oii., proceed as directed for the preceding Use.—(Intl.) in cases where laxative and stomachic effects are desirable. Dose, Iss.—Ii. [tinctura rhei et senna, u. s. Prep.—Macerate bruised rhubarb Ii., senna 3ii., coriander seed, fennel seed bruised, each 3i., red saunders rasped 3ii., saf- fron, extract of liquorice, each 3ss., raisins stoned ibss., in diluted alcohol Oiii. for 14 days; express and filter. Use.—(Intl.) in cases where stomachic and laxative effects are indicated ; known as Warner's gout cordial. Dose, f Iss.__flii., u. s.] vinum rhei, u. s. e. Wine of Rhubarb. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days rhubarb coarsely powdered Iv. (Iii., u. s.), canella in coarse powder 3ii. (3i., u. s.), in pf. spirit Iv. (diluted alcohol flii., u. s.), and sherry Oi. and Ixv. (sherry CATHARTICS. Ill Oi., u. s.),—strain ; squeeze strongly the residual mass, and filter the liquors. Use.—(Intl.) similar to Tr. Rhei. Dose, Iss.—Iii. Ricini Oleum, u. s. l. e. d. The oil expressed from the seeds of Ricinus Communis. Castor Oil. Use.—(Intl.) in almost every case of costiveness; more espe- cially where stimulating and irritating purgatives are inadmissible ; a valuable laxative in piles, spasmodic colic, &c. &c Dose, 3iii- —Ii.—for infants 3SS. Unlike the action of most medicines, castor-oil is found to operate in lesser doses on frequent use. Rosa Centifolia, u. s. l. e. d. The petals of Rosa Centifolia, u. s. The petals of the Damask, or Hundred-leaved Rose. Use.—(Intl.) to form the syrup (see below); their infusion forms a pleasant vehicle for more active medicines. SYRUPUS ROSA, L. D. SYRUP. ROSA CENTIFOLIA, E. Syrup of Roses. Prep.—-"Macerate during 12 hours damask rose petals dried Ivii., in boiling water Oiii., and strain ; evaporate in a water-bath to Oii.; then add (so as to dissolve) sugar ibvi., l.—or—Infuse during 12 hours fresh damask-rose petals ibi., in boiling water Oiii.; strain the liquor and dissolve in it (by aid of heat) pure sugar ibiii., e.—or—Macerate during 12 hours dried petals of the hundred-leaved rose Ivii., in hot water Oiv.; strain, then evapo- rate the liquor (by means of the water-bath) to Oiiss., and add sugar q. s. to form syrup, d. Use.—To gently move the bowels—of infants chiefly. Dose, 3i-—Ii- Castor Oil. R 01. ricini Mellis Decoct, hordei F. enema. R 01. ricini Syrupi aurant. cort. 01. amygd. M. dosis singula semi-hora. R 01. ricini Oxymellis scillas Syrupi rhamni F. haus- tus. R 01. ricini Uniusovi vitel. Syrupi tolu. Spir. lavand. Aq. Tere simul oleum et vitellum, dein gradatim adde aquam, spiritum et syrupum. R 01. ricini Potassae carb. Aqu. pimentae F. haustus. R 01. ricini Tr. sennae comp. F. haustus purg. 112 CATHARTICS. Sacchamm, U. S. L. saccharum commune, e. saccharum OFFICI- narum, d. Sugar of Saccharum Officinarum refined, u.s. Sugar (l.)—Impure Muscovado Sugar from S. officinarum (e.)—Common sugar-cane. The concrete juice [a. unre- fined, b. refined (sugar). Molasses] (d.) saccharum pur- um, e. Pure or White Sugar, from the foregoing. Use.—(Intl.) though laxative, it is never prescribed for that purpose; but on account of its nutrient properties, or to sweeten and cover the taste of medicines. Dose, ad libitum. (Extl.) dusted over some fungous sores ; and blown into the eye for the removal of specks from the cornea. sacchari fax, l. e. The prepared juice from S. Officinale, (l.)—Concentrated uncrystallizable juice of S. Officina- rum, (e.) Treacle. Molasses. Use.—(Intl.) it generally moves the bowels, but is never given with this intention in medicine; chiefly employed for massing pills, and as an excellent vehicle (probably the best that could be chosen) for powders. Dose, ad libitum. SYRUPUS, U. S. L. SYRUPUS SIMPLEX, E. D. Syrup. Prep.—Dissolve sugar ibiiss., in water Oi., with the aid of heat, remove scum, and strain while hot, u. s.—or—At a gentle heat dissolve sugar ibx., in water Oiii., l. e.—or—Gradually add purified sugar in fine powder Ixxix., to water Oi.; digest (so as to dissolve) by moderate heat in a close vessel; stir frequently; pour off from any dregs that may be present, d. Use.—See preceding. Dose, ad lib. Sambucus, u. s. l. e. sambucus nigra, d. The flowers of S. Canadensis, (u. s.) The flowers of S. Nigra, (l. d.) The flowers. Berries. Inner Bark, (d.) Use.—(Intl.) the berries and inner bark are purgative, the flowers diaphoretic, Sic, but the employment of Elder in any way is now obsolete. Dose, grs. v.—3i. of the powdered bark, or Ii.—Iii. of berry-juice. Sapo, u. s. l. sapo durus, e. d. Soap made from Olive Oil and Soda. Hard, Spanish, or Castile Soap. Use.—(Intl.) in jaundice, constipation—but rarely given alone. It promotes the action of medicines, with which it is often com- bined to form pills, on account of its plastic consistence. Dose grs. v.—9i. Scammonium, u. s. l. e. d. The concrete juice of the root of Convolvulus Scammonia, u. s. The gum-resin obtained from Convolvulus Scammonia. Scammony. CATHARTICS. 113 Use.—(Intl.) in torpor of bowels, worms, dropsical affections— for its hydragogue cathartic properties. Dose grs. iii.—grs. xv. confectio scammonii, l. electuarium scammonii, d. Con- fection of Scammony. Prep.—Rub together scammony powder liss., cloves bruised, and ginger powder, each 3vi- ? and when the confection is wanted, add syrup of rose q. s., and rub again; lastly, having added oil of caraway 3ss., mix all together, l. d. ; (the latter College orders this electuary to be formed at once.) Use.—(Intl.) for stimulating laxative purposes. Dose, 3ss.— 3i.; rarely used. extractum sive resina scammonii, e. Extract of Scammony. Prep.—Boil any convenient quantity of scammony (in fine powder) in successive portions of pf. spirit until the spirit ceases to dissolve anything; filter; and distil the liquid till little else than water passes over. Pour off the watery solution from the resin at the bottom ; then agitate the resin with renewed portions of boiling water, so as to wash it well; lastly, dry it at a tempe- rature not above 240°. Use.—(Intl.) same as scamraonium ; may be considered purer than the crude gum-resin. mistura scammonii, e. Scammony Mixture. Prep.—Rub resin of scammony grs. vii., with (a little first, then with the rest of) unskimmed milk liii., so as to form a uniform emulsion. Use.—(Intl.) similar to foregoing, but more suitable in cases of debility—being devoid of unpleasant taste, it is a purgative of no small service. pulvis scammonii compositus, l. d. Compound Powder of Scammony. Prep.—Rub to very fine powders (separately) scammony, and extract of jalap, each Iii., and ginger Iss. ; then mix them, L. d. R R Scammony. R Scammonii Scammonii Ext. jalapas Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Zingiber. Divide Potass, bitartratis M. in chartulas f. pulvis. quar. cap. quotidie. Scammonii R Scammonii Rhei Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Ammonias carb. F. Sacchari F. char- pulv., ex vehiculo aliquo tulas de quibus idoneo sumend us. sumat quotidie 10" 114 CATHARTICS. Use.—(Intl.) in torpid condition of the bowels, constipation, &c. Dose, grs. x.—9i.; minor doses for children. pulvis scammonii compositus, e. Compound Powder of Scammony. Prep.—Triturate together into very fine powder scammony, and bitartrate of potash, equal parts. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing; this combination of bitartrate of potash with scammony is supposed to render the latter less irritat- ing. Dose, grs. x.—3iss., (in slimy conditions of the intestines, especially of children, it is a serviceable remedy.) Senna, u. s. l. d. The leaves of Cassia acutifolia (Delile). Cas- siaob ovata (Decandolle), and Cassia elongata (Lemaire), (v. s.) The leaves of Cassia lanceolata and C. obovata, (l.) The leaves of C. Senna, (d.) Senna. senna alexandrina, e. The leaves from various species of Cassia, probably C. lanceolata, C. acutifolia, and C. obo- vata. Alexandrian senna, (as imported, it also contains plentiful admixture of Cynanchum Argel; which ought to be removed), senna indica, e. The leaves from C. Elongata. E. Indian Senna, var. Tinnivelly. Use.—(Intl.) in constipation, habitual costiveness ; must always be combined with aromatics to correct its griping quality. Dose, grs. x.—3iss., in powder—rarely now employed thus. (See Infu- sum.) CONFECTIO SENNA, U. S. L. ELECTUARIUM SENNA, E. D. Con- fection of Senna. Prep.—Rub together senna Iviii., and coriander liv.; and pass Ix. of the mixed powder through a sieve. Boil figs ibi., and liquorice liii., in water Oiii., down to Oiss.; then squeeze out the liquor, and strain; evaporate in a water-bath until only Ixxiv. re- main ; now add sugar ibiiss., and form a syrup. Lastly, gradually rub with the syrup cassia pulp, tamarind pulp, and prune pulp, Senna. R Sennas, pulv. Potassae bitart. Scammonii Zingiberis F. pulvis. R Sennae, pulv. Rhei Ipecacuanhas (gr. i.) M. f. pulvis. R Sennae Aquas, ferv. Decoque per horam, cola et adde Succi limonis Dosis quaque hora donee alvus bene soluta fuerit. R Sennae Infusi lini Macera per et cola. CATHARTICS. 115 each ibss.; and having thrown in the sifted powder, mix all to- gether, u. s. l.—or—Powder senna Iviii., and coriander liv. ; pass Ix. of the mixture through a sieve. Boil the residue (of the mixed powders) along with figs ibi., and liquorice-root bruised liii., in water Oiii*, down to one half. Squeeze and strain the liquor, and evaporate to Ixxiv.; dissolve (in this) white sugar ibiiss., add the liquid by degrees to pulp of prunes ibi.; slowly mix in the powder, then pound the whole carefully into smooth pulp, e.—or—Boil pulp of prunes ibi., and pulp of tamarinds Iii., in molasses Oiss., to the thickness of honey; then add senna leaves finely powdered liv.; and when the mixture has cooled, add essential oil of caraway 3ii-> »• Use.—(Intl.) where a mild pleasant laxative is required—as in hemorrhoids, and other diseases of the rectum and pelvic viscera, or during pregnancy. Dose, 3i-—3iy' enema catharticum, e. d. Cathartic Clyster, (v. under Magnesia.) INFUSUM SENNA, U. S. E. INFUSUM SENNA COMPOSITUM, L. D. Infusion of Senna. Prep.—Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, senna Ii., coriander bruised 3i-> in boiling water Oi.; and strain, u.s.—or— Infuse during one hour (in a lightly covered vessel) senna 3xv-» and ginger bruised 9iv., in boiling distilled water Oi.; then strain, l.—or—Proceed in same way with senna liss., ginger bruised 3'iv., and boiling water Oi., e.—or—Digest in same manner senna leaves $i., ginger sliced Ii., in boiling water ibi., d. Use.—(Intl.) mildly to move the bowels of children, and deli- cate adults; it forms a valuable vehicle for more decided cathar- tics, in acute diseases. Dose Ii.—liv. INFUSUM SENNA CUM TAMARINDIS, D. INFUSUM SENNA COM- POSITUM, e. Infusion of Senna with Tamarinds. Prep.—Macerate during 4 hours in a covered vessel, not glazed with lead, (stirring occasionally,) senna 3i-» tamarinds Ii., cori- ander bruised 3«-> and muscovado Iss., in boiling water Iviii.; strain. This infusion may be likewise prepared with 2ce or 3ce the above amount of senna, e. d. (The latter College orders raw sugar.) Use.—(Intl.\ similar to the foregoing, but more cooling—gene- R Confec. sennas Jalapae, pulv. Potassae bitart. Syrupi zingib. M. f. Elec- tuarium. R Infusi sennas (l. d. Ph.) Sodae (vel magnesias) sulpha- tis M. f. haustus. 1 16 CATHARTICS. rally prescribed in combination with other laxatives. Dose, Iii. —Iv. syrupus senna, u.s. l. e. Syrup of Senna. Prep.—Digest senna Iii., and fennel seed bruised Ii., in boil- ing water Oi., with a gentle heat for 1 hour; strain, add sugar Ixv., and evaporate to proper consistence, u. s.—or—Macerate at a gentle heat during 1 hour senna liiss., and fennel bruised 3x., in boiling water Oi.; strain, and add manna liii., and sugar Ixv.; mix, and boil down to due thickness, l.—or—Infuse during 12 hours senna liv., in boiling water Oi., and liv.; strain, and squeeze strongly through calico, so as to obtain Oi. and Iii. at least of liquor. Take treacle Ixlviii., and concentrate it (in the vapour-bath) as far as possible, or until a little lifted upon a rod becomes nearly concrete on cooling; then while the treacle is still hot, add the infusion, stirring carefully; remove the vessel from the fire as soon as the mixture is complete. If Alexandrian senna is used, it must be carefully freed from leaves of cynanchum, e. Use.—(Intl.) as a purgative for children chiefly; or may be added to other laxatives. Dose, Ii.—Iii. TINCTURA SENNA ET JALAPA, U. S. TINCTURA SENNA COM- posita, l. e. d. Compound Tincture of Senna. Prep.—Macerate for 14 days, senna liii., powdered jalap Ii., coriander and caraway seeds bruised, each Iss., cardamom bruised 3n«» sugar liv.; express and filter, u.s.—or—Digest during 14 days, senna liiiss., caraway bruised 3i'iss-» cardamom bruised 3i«» and raisins Iv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Di- gest during 7 days, sugar liiss., coriander bruised Ii.; jalap mo- derately powdered 3vi-> senna liv.; caraway bruised and carda- mom seed bruised, each $v., raisins bruised liv. in pf. spirit Oii.; strain the liquor, strongly express the residuum, and filter the li- quid. The more convenient and expeditious method is by per- colation (v. process per Index). If Alexandrian senna be em- ployed, it must be freed from cynanchum leaves, e. — or — Macerate during 14 days senna leaves ibi., caraway seeds bruised liss., cardamom seeds husked and bruised Iss. pf. spirit cong. i.; then filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) in atonic gout, flatulent co%, &c, as a stomachic purgative. Dose, 3i-—Ii. • R 01. ricini Tr. sennae etjalapas M. f. haustus. R 01. ricini Tt. sennas Mistur. acaciae Tr. opii Aq. menth. pip. F. emul- sio, cujus sum. hor. CATHARTICS. 117 Soda. soda acetas, u. s. l. d. Acetate of Soda. Use.—(Intl.) to move the bowels gently, in febrile complaints, &c.; its action and properties are very similar to acetate of potass ; the present preparation is better suited to many purposes from not being deliquescent. Dose, 3ii.—3iv. soda phosphas, u.s. l. e. d. Phosphate of Soda. Use.—(Intl.) a cooling and very palatable salt, in any circum- stances of constipation, when gentle motion of the intestines is requisite. Dose, 3vi-—liss. in gruel, soup, &c. solutio soda phosphatis, e. Solution of Phosphate of Soda. Prep.—Dissolve phosphate of soda (free of efflorescence) grs. 175, in distilled water Iviii.; keep in a well-closed bottle. Use.—As a test. SODA ET POTASSA TARTRAS, U. S. D. SODA POTASSIO-TARTRAS, L. potassa et soda tartras. e. Tartrate of Potassa and Soda. Rochelle Salt. Use.—(Intl.) in febrile diseases, hypochondriasis, &c. ; lan- guor, attendant on habitual costiveness; much employed as the laxative ingredient in the effervescing draught formed from what are called Seidlitz Powders. Dose, 3ii-—3X- soda sulphas, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Soda. Glauber Salts. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory complaints, habitual or accidental constipation—a remedy of reliance and value at least equal to sul- phate of magnesia, which it resembles in all its qualities. Dose, 3iii.—Ii.—-liii. , U.S. l.. bOL.L j>iijKlAS,E. D. (et) SODA MU- RIAS purum, e. Common Salt. (v. Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) purgative; but only employed as an adjunct (to anthelmintic remedies chiefly); very serviceable as a stimulating contribution to enemata. Dose, grs. x.—3i- 5 (Iss-—!*• in glvs" ter.) -', Sulphur, u.s. L. e. sulphur sublimatum, d. Sublimed Sulphur, U.S. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic catarrh, rheumatism, gout, rachitis, he- morrhoidal diseases. Dose, 3i.—3'i- sulphur lotum, u. s. d. Washed Sulphur. Prep.—Repeatedly wash sublimed sulphur with warm water, 118 CATHARTICS. until the latter shall afford no trace of acid when tested by means of litmus ; dry on bibulous paper. Use.—v. foregoing. Tamarindus, u. s. l. e. tamarindus indicus, d. The preserved fruit of Tamarindus Indica,-(u. s.) The pulp of the Le- gume from T. Indica. Tamarinds. Use.—(Intl.) in febrile and inflammatory cases, Sic; for its pleasant, cooling, acidulous, and laxative properties ; much em- ployed in sore throats, Sic, (on which it at same time acts as an agreeable astringent.) Dose, 3i-—Ii- Terebinthinee Oleum, u. s. l. e. d. Oil of Turpentine. Use.—(Intl.) see the following:— terebinthina oleum purificatum, l. e. oleum t. recti- ficatum, d. Purified Oil of Turpentine. Prep.—With oil of turpentine Oi., and water Oiv., distil off the oil cautiously, l. (distil.as long as oil comes over with the water,) e.—or—With oil of turpentine Oii., and water Oiv., let Oiss. of oil distil, d. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulent colic; constipation—especially when dependent on diseases of the brain ; chronic rheumatism, sciatica, lumbago; epilepsy; puerperal peritonitis ; gonorrhoea, gleet; in- valuable for expelling intestinal worms, (the T. solium more parti- cularly) and in slimy conditions of bowels, v. Anthelmintics. enema terebinthina, l. e. d. Turpentine Clyster. Prep.—Rub together oil of turpentine Ii., and yolk of eggs q. s.; then add decoction of barley Ixix., and mix, l.—or—Pro- ceed in same way with oil of turpentine Ii., yolk of eggs q. s., and water Ixix., e.—or—Proceed as above with nnmmnn tnrnen- tine Iss., the yolk of one egg, and water (•<.. ^...r^.„..... t,^v ex- ceeding 100° F.) Ix., d. Use.—See preceding. Oil of Turpentine. R 01. terebinth, purif. — ricini. Tr. sennae Mistur. acacias Aq. menth. pip. q. s. ut f. haustus. R 01. terebinth, pur. Mellis Glycyrrhiz., pulv. q. s. ut fiat linctus. R 01. terebinth. Sacchari Ovi unius vitel. tere si- mul et adde Mistur. amygdalae sumat coch. in dies. CATHARTICS. 119 Tiglii Oleum, U.S. L. crotonis oleum, e. croton tiglium, d. The oil expressed from the seeds of Croton Tiglium. Cro- ton Oil. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of unyielding constipation, which less energetic cathartics have failed to overcome, and which are free from inflammatory symptoms; apoplexy; tetanic affections; convulsions, mania, &c. Dose, m. ss.—m. iv. (a most convenient remedy in many serious cases, from the minuteness of the dose,) —(Extl.) a few drops, applied by friction, over the stomach, act purgatively on the bowels. [Triosteum, u. s. The root of T. Perfoliatum. Fever Root. Use.—(Intl.) cathartic, in large doses, emetic. Is suited to cases where an active purgative is required, either alone or in combination with calomel. Dose, grs. xx.—grs. xxx.] Veratrnm Album, u. s. d. veratrum, l. e. The rhizoma of V. Album, (u.s.) The root of V. Album, (l. d.) The rhizo- ma of V. Album, (e.) White Hellebore. Use.—(Intl.) as a hydragogue in cases of mania, epilepsy, gout, Sic Dose, gr. l-12th, and very cautiously increased to grs. ii. or grs. iii. (an acrid energetic stimulating remedy.) VINUM VERATRI ALBI, U. S. VINUM VERATRI, L. Wine of White Hellebore. Prep.—v. Emetics. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, m. v.—m. xx. Viola, e. viola odorata, d. The flowers of V. odorata. Violet. Use.—(Intl.) from the gently laxative property of the fresh flowers, they are employed for newly born infants, chiefly in the following form: syrupus viola, e. d. Syrup of Violets. Prep.—Infuse during 24 hours (in a covered glass or earthen- ware vessel) fresh violets ibi., in boiling water Oiiss.; strain with- Croton Oil. R 01. tiglii R 01. tiglii Mistur. acacias Syrupi Sacchari q. s. F. mistura. Misturae acacias R 01. tiglii Infusi anthemidis Tere Micae panis q. s. F. pilulas. simul oleum efmucilagi- R 01. tiglii nem, dein adde syrupum, Glycyrrhizas, pulv. q. s. ut f. et paulatim infusum. pil. 120 DEMULCENTS. out squeezing, then dissolve (in the filtered liquid) pure sugar ibviiss., e.—or—With fresh petals of violets ibii., and hot water Ov., proceed in the same way as just stated. Use.—To move the bowels of very young infants, those espe- cially who suffer from retention of the meconium. Dose, a tea- spoonful or more, with as much castor or almond oil. DEMULCENTS, NUTRIENTS, DILUENTS. Acacia, U. S. L. GUMMI acacia, e. acacia arabica, (et) A. VERA, d. The concrete juice of Acacia vera and other species of Acacia, (u.s.) The gum from Acacia vera, (l.)—from various species of Acacia, (e.) Gum Arabic. Use.—(Intl.) an excellent demulcent in catarrhal complaints, pertussis, strangury, ardor urinas; affections of the kidneys, Sic ; useful as an addition to some mixtures, from imparting to them a suitable degree of thickness for the equable distribution of their ingredients. In many conditions of debility, gum Arabic may be employed on account of its nutritious qualities alone. Dose, 9i. —Ii. MUCILAGO ACACIA, U. S. MISTURA ACACIA, L. MUCILAGO, E. mucilago gummi-arabici, d. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. Prep.—Powdered gum Arabic liv.; add, gradually, boiling water Oss., rub together till a mucilage is formed, u. s.—or—Rub acacia Ix. in boiling water (slowly added) Oi.; dissolve, i^.—or— Mix gum Arabic lix., with cold water Oi., allow the gum slowly to dissolve; stir occasionally; strain, e.—or—Digest with fre- quent agkation (so as to dissolve) gum Arabic reduced to rough powder liv., in hot water (by measure) liv.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing, and as a vehicle for other me- dicines. Dose, ad libitum. mistura acacia, e. emulsio arabica, d. Gum Arabic Emulsion. Prep.—Blanch sweet almonds Ii. and 3ii.; and rub them to fine pulp, first with sugar 3v., then -with mucilage liii. ; now slowly add water On., and stir constantly; strain through linen, E-—°>"—Dissolve gUm Arabic Powdered 3»-. in hot water Oi. When quite cold, pour this gradually on decorticated sweet al- monds, and refined sugar, each Iss. (previously pounded together), DEMULCENTS. 121 now rubbing the whole so that the liquor may assume a milky appearance ; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. trochisci acacle, e. Troches of Gum Arabic. Prep.—Mix and rub together (with rose water, so as to form lozenge-mass) gum Arabic Ii., starch Ii., pure sugar ibi. Use.—In troublesome, tickling coughs. Dose, grs. x.—3i-> a(I- lib. Althaea, u. s. The root of A. officinalis, althaa folia, l. e. The leaves of A. officinalis, althaa radix, the root, l. e. althaa officinalis, d. The leaves and root. Marsh Mal- low. Use.—(Intl.) to prepare various extemporaneous gargles, fo- mentations, decoction, &c, and the following:— mistura althaa, e. decoctum althaa, d. Decoction of Marsh Mallow. Prep.—Boil together althaea root dried liv., and raisins freed from their seeds Iii., in boiling water Ov., down to Oiii.; strain, and when the sediment has fallen down, decant the clear liquid, e.—or—Boil the herb and root of marsh mallow, dried and bruised liv., raisins stoned Iii., in water Ovii., down to Ov. ; when the dregs have subsided, decant, D. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory diseases of the lungs, intestines, bladder, &c. Dose, ad libitum. (Extl.) as enemata, gargles, fo- mentations, &c. syrupus althaa, l. e. d. Syrup of marsh mallow. Prep.—Boil marsh mallows bruised Iviii., in water Oiv., down to Oii.; when cold, express the liquid. Set by during 24 hours, to let the dregs subside ; then decant the liquor, and after adding sugar ibiiss., boil down to proper consistence, l. e. ; (the latter Col- lege orders pure sugar.)—or—Boil fresh marsh mallow root bruised ibss., in water Oiv., down to one half; express the liquor when cold. Set it aside during 24 hours, that the dregs may subside ; then pour off the liquor, and add to it refined sugar ibii.; then boil to due consistence, d. Use.—(Intl.) in fevers, and numerous complaints, as a contri- bution to demulcent drinks, &c. Dose, 3i»—Iss- Amygdala amara, u. s. l. e. amygdala amara, d. The kernels from one of the varieties of Amygdalus communis, (amara, u. s.), (l. e.)—from the common Almond tree, (d.) Bitter Almonds. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory complaints, especially those in- 11 122 demulcents. volving the respiratory organs—but chiefly employed as a vehicle (in form of emulsion) for medicines possessing more active pro- perties. Amygdala dulcis, u. s. l. e. amygdala dulces, d. The kernels from a variety of Amygdalus communis (dulcis, u. s.), (l. e.) —from the common almond tree, (d.) Sweet Almond. Use.—(Intl.) similar to foregoing; and to prepare the follow- ing:— CONFECTIO AMYGDALA, L. CONSERVA AMYGDALARUM, E. confectio amygdalarum, d. Almond Confection. Prep.—Beat together, into smooth mass, sweet almonds (pre- viously blanched) Iviii., gum Arabic powdered Ii., and sugar liv., l. e. (the Lond. Ph. directs cold water to be employed in blanching the almonds)—or—Blanch sweet almonds Ii., then mix (by pounding them) with gum Arabic, powdered 3i., and purified sugar Iss., d. It will be best to keep the ingredients of this preparation separately powdered, and to rub them together only when wanted. Use.—(Intl.) added to watery mixtures, Sic, to give these due consistence for suspension of other ingredients; also employed to form the following :— MISTURA AMYGDALA, U. S. L. MISTURA AMYGDALARUM, E. D. Almond Emulsion. Prep.—Sweet almonds Iss., powdered gum Arabic 3ss., sugar 3ii., distilled water fiviii.; blanch the almonds, beat them with the gum and sugar in a marble mortar, gradually add the water, rubbing till thoroughly mixed, strain, u. s.—or— Slowly add dis- tilled water Oi., to confection of almonds liiss., triturating at same time till they are mixed ; strain, l. e. (the Edin. Ph. gives two formulas for the preparation ; the first directs the same process as that of the Lond. P., just described—with conserve of almonds In., and water Oii. And the second, to take sweet almonds blanched 3x., pure sugar 3v., mucilage Iss., water Oii.; and then proceed as for Mistura acacias; (q. v.) e.)—or—Rub together sweet almonds blanched liss., bitter almonds 9ii., and refined sugar Iss., gradually adding water Oiiss.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in catarrhal affections ; gonorrhoea, &c.; febrile diseases—but mostly as a vehicle for other medicines. Dose, ad libitum. [syrupus amygdala, u. s. Syrup of Almonds. Orgeat. Prep.—Sweet almonds ibj., bitter almonds liv., water Oiii sugar ibvi. Blanch the almonds, rub them in a mortar to a fine paste, gradually adding water fliij., and sugar ibi. Mix the paste DEMULCENTS. 123 thoroughly with the remainder of the water; express and strain, add the rest of the sugar, and dissolve with a gentle heat; strain through fine linen, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) as a demulcent and nutrient; and also as an addi- tion to cough mixtures. Dose, ad libitum. ] amygdala oleum, u. s. l. oleum amygdAarum, d. Oil of Almonds. Use.—(Intl.) in pulmonary affections, grating catarrhal coughs, especially when accompanied by inflamed and excoriated fauces, Sic; sometimes added to castor oil; more usually employed in form of emulsion, linctus ; also as enemata, &c. Dose, 3"-—!•• (Extl.) alone, or combined variously, in numerous cases requiring emollient application. Amylum, u. s. l. e. triticum hybernum, d. The fascula from seeds of Triticum hybernum, (l. d.)—from Triticum vul- gare, (u. s. e.) Starch. Use.—Mixed with Euphorbium, and others of the more acrid errhines, to moderate their action; also valuable in preparing numerous enemata, and the following :— decoctum amyli, l. mucilago amyli, e. d. Mucilage of Starch. Prep.—Triturate starch ^i\., in water (slowly added) Oi.; boil during a moderate time, l.—or—Use the same amount of the foregoing ingredients, rubbing the starch first with only a little of the water; then add the rest, and boil during a few minutes, e.— or—Triturate starch 3vi-» gradually adding water Oi.; then boil during a short time, d. Use.—r(Intl.) in abraded conditions of the stomach—but scarce- ly ever selected (from the list of mucilages) for this purpose alone; forms an admirable vehicle for opiates, Sic, in glysters. Dose unlimited. Aqua, u. s. e. Natural water in the purest attainable state, (u. s.). Spring Water, (e.) Use.—(Intl.) much employed for its invaluable diluent, solvent, and other properties. (Extl.) either cold or hot; alone, or con- taining medicinal substances—in form of decoction, infusion, &c. aqua destillata, u. s. l. e. (distillata,) d. Distilled Water. Use.—In numerous pharmaceutic operations, where undistilled water (from its containing carbonic acid, carb. of lime, &c.) would be improper. 124 DEMULCENTS. Avenffi Farina, u. s. Meal prepared from the Seeds of Avena Sativa. Oatmeal, avena, l. e. avena sativa, d. The seeds of Avena Sativa, the common Oat. Use.—(Intl.) to form mucilaginous decoction of any conveni- ent extemporaneous consistence; from its simple and very nu- trient properties, forms an excellent supporting beverage in acute diseases. (Extl.) much employed in the composition of poul- tices, for great variety of purposes. Canna, e. Fecula of the root of an imperfectly determined spe- cies of Canna. Tous-les-mois. Use.—Same as Maranta, q. v. Cetaceum, u. s. l. e. d. A concrete found occupying certain cavi- ties in the head of Physeter macrocephalus (the Spermaceti Whale). Spermaceti. Use.—(Intl.) in dysentery, irritable condition of the bowels— or of the air-passages. Dose, 9i.—5'ss-» in form of emulsion ; not in so much repute as formerly. (Extl.) enters into the com- position of numerous extemporaneous unguents. Cetraria, u.s. l. e. cetraria islandica. l. e. d. (lichen is- landicus, d.) Liverwort. Iceland Lichen or Moss. Use.—To form mucilaginous decoctions, as the following:— DECOCTUM cetraria, u. s. l. decoctum lichenis islandici, d. Decoction of Iceland Moss. Prep.—Iceland moss Iss., water Oiss., boil down to Oi., and strain with compression, u.s.—or—Boil iceland moss 3v-» in water Oiss., down to Oi.; strain, l.—or—Macerate during 2 hours (in a closed vessel) Iceland liverwort Iss., in boiling water Oi., then boil during k of an hour, and strain whilst hot, d. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as an agreeable nutritious article of diet, in phthisis, and conditions of emaciation consequent on fevers, surgical operations, &c, dysentery, coughs. Dose, Iss.—Iii., three or four times daily. Comu, l. e. cornua cervina, d. Horn obtained from Cervus Elaphus, the Hart or Red Deer, (l. e.) Hartshorn. Shav- ings, (d.) Use.—When boiled in water (say shavings Ivi., water Oiv., and strained), it forms a good jelly, which may be seasoned with sherry wine, Sic, and given as food to children. DEMULCENTS. 125 Cydonia, l. The seeds from Cydonia Vulgaris. Common Quince. Use.—To prepare Quince mucilage (with which the episperm, or most external coat of the seed, abounds) and the following:— decoctum cydonia, l. Decoction of Quince Seeds. Prep.—Boil at a slow heat during 10 minutes quince seeds 5ii., in distilled water Oi., and strain. Use.—(Extl.) applied to excoriated nipples, chapped lips, aph- thous mouth and throat; sometimes employed as an application • to conjunctival inflammation; hemorrhoidal tumours; and to surfaces affected with erysipelas; it nearly resembles linseed tea—but rarely used. Dauci Radix, l. e. daucus carota, d. The root of the common Carrot. Use.—(Extl.) as an application (poultice, either alone or com- bined with hemlock) to cancerous or other foul ulcers, v. Emol- lients. Ficus, u.s. fici, l. e. ficus carica, d. The dried fruit of Ficus Carica, the common Fig-tree. Figs. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory complaints of air passages, blad- der, urethra, Sic ; decoctions made from figs form a pleasant de- mulcent drink, (vide Decoctum Hordei.) When taken in sub- stance they have a tendency to move the bowels, and are, there- fore valuable in many cases. Dose, ad. lib. (Extl.) half a roasted fig has long been recommended as an elegant application to gum boil; it very rarely happens, however, that patients are willing to endure the annoyance thus caused for any sufficient length of time. Glycyrrhiza, u. s. l. glycyrrhiza radix, e. glycyrrhiza gla- bra, d. The root of Glycyrrhiza Glabra. Common Liquor- ice, Liquorice root. Use.—(Intl.) in catarrhal complaints, &c.; not often prescribed by itself, but as an agreeable and nutritive adjunct to other reme- dies, the unpleasantness of some of which it greatly covers by its flavour and taste. Dose, ad. lib. trochisci glycyrrhiza, e. Troches of Liquorice. Prep.—Dissolve (in a sufficiency of boiling water) extract of liquorice, and gum Arabic, each, Ivi., pure sugar ibi. ; concentrate over the vapour-bath to a consistence suitable for making lozenges. Use.—Same as ext. of liquorice. Dose, ad libitum. 11* 126 DEMULCENTS. decoctum glycyrrhiza, d. Decoction of Liquorice. Prep—Boil during 10 minutes, liquorice root bruised liss., in water Oi.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) an agreeable drink of the present class. Dose, ad libitum. EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZA, L. E. EXTRACT. GLYCYR. GLA- BRA, d. Extract of Liquorice. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours liquorice root sliced ibiiss., in boiling distilled water cong. ii.; then boil down to cong. i., and strain while hot; concentrate to due thickness, l.—or—Take liquorice root minced into fine chips (dried thoroughly at a gentle heat) and reduced to moderately fine powder; mix it with half its weight of distilled water. In 12 hours exhaust by percolation with temperate distilled water. Concentrate the liquor; filter before it becomes too thick ; by means of the vapour-bath evapo- rate to proper consistence, e.—or—Proceed by the method de- scribed for Extractum Scobis Hasmatoxyli, (q. v.) d. Use.—(Intl.) in tickling catarrhal or other coughs ;—a familiar remedy, and probably, from its peculiar adhesive qualities, the best possible syrup (when allowed to dissolve in the mouth) for protection of the fauces, Sic, in such cases. Dose, ad lib., (taken in small bits.) Hordeum, u. s. l. e. hordeum distichon, d. The decorticated or shelled seeds of H. distichon. Barley. Pearl-Barley. Use.—To form nutritive mucilaginous drinks (and enemata) for invalids; see the following:— decoctum hordei, u. s. l. d. Barley water. Prep.—Boil during a short time pearl-barley (previously freed from foreign matters by washing) liiss., in water Oss.; throw away this water, then add (to the seeds) hot water Oiv.; and boil down to Oii.; strain, l.—or—Boil during a little time pearl-barley (previously cleansed by means of cold water) Iii., in water Oss.; throw away the liquor, and add boiling water Ov.; boil down till half the water is consumed ; and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding—and the following:__ decoctum hordei compositum, l. d. mistura hordei, e. Compound Barley water. Prep.—Boil together decoction of barley (L. Ph). Oii.; sliced figs liiss., sliced and bruised liquorice 3v., raisins stoned Iiis« m water Oi., down to Oii.; strain, l.—or—Boil pearl-barley (cleansed, if necessary, by washing it with cold water) liiss., in water Oivss., down to Oii.; now add figs sliced, and raisins freed demulcents. 127 from their seeds, each liiss., liquorice root sliced and bruised $v., and (additional) water Oi.; boil the whole down to Oii.; strain, e.— or—Boil decoction of barley (D. Ph.) Oiv., and add raisins stoned, then figs sliced, each Iii. ; and lastly, liquorice root sliced and bruised Iss., a short time before the end of the boiling, which will be completed when only Oii. of the strained liquor shall re- main, D. Use.—(Intl.) in fevers, strangury, gonorrhasa, Sic, as a nutri- tious, bland, mucilaginous diluent; much employed as a vehicle for medicines of active character, given as enemata. Dose, un- limited. Lacmns, l. e. litmus, d. The prepared Thallus, (l.) a peculiar colouring matter, (e.)—from Roccella tinctoria, Dyer's Lichen. Orchall, Sic Litmus. Use.—(Intl.) has been sometimes employed as a demulcent, in the tickling cough of phthisis, &c.; but chiefly useful as a delicate test for detection of acids, and alkalis. Linnm, u. s. lini semina, l. e. lintm usitatissimum, d. The seeds of Linum usitatissimum,common Flax, u. s. l. e.—the seeds and expressed oil, d. Flaxseed. Use.—To form decoctions and infusions, as the following :— INFUSUM LINI, U. S. E. INFUSUM LINI COMPOSITUM, L. D. Ill- fusion of Flaxseed. Prep.—Flaxseed Iss., liquorice-root bruised 5n-> boiling wa- ter Oii., macerate 4 hours in a covered vessel, and strain, u. s.— or—Digest (near the fire) during 4 hours, in a slightly covered vessel, linseed bruised 3vi-> liquorice sliced 3ii-» in boiling dis- tilled water Oi.; strain, L. e. ; (the latter College orders boiling water simply)—or—Digest during 4 hours in a covered vessel, linseed bruised Ii., liquorice-root sliced Iss., boiling ibii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in pneumonic complaints, catarrh; dysuria, gonorrhasa, &c. Dose, Ivi., ad libitum. Malva, l. e. The herb of Malva sylvestris. Common Mallow. Use.—To form extemporaneous decoctions, and the follow- ing :— DECOCTUM MALVA COMPOSITUM, L. DeCOCtioil of Mallow. Prep.—Boil during | of an hour dried mallow Ii., dried cha- momile Iss., in water Oi. ; strain. Use.—(Intl.) in dysentery, renal complaints. Sic.—as clyster, either alone or to contain active ingredients. (Extl.) as fomenta- tions, &c. 128 DEMULCENTS. Maranta, u. s. l. e. The Fecula of the rhizoma of Maranta arun- dinacea, (u. s.) The Fecula from the rootstock, (l.)—from the tubers (e.) of Maranta arundinacea ; and from M. Indica, (e.) Arrowroot. Use.—(Intl.) the nutrient and mucilaginous properties of this invaluable substance, as diet for the sick, and for infants, are well known; it is of great service, as a demulcent, in dysentery, diar- rhoea, urinary complaints, Sic The kind which is obtained from Tous-les-mois (v. Canna), is said to yield a firmer jelly than the present. Mel, u. s. l. e. d. A liquid prepared from flowers by Apis melli- fica, (u. s.) The saccharine juice extracted from flowers, and prepared by Apis mellifica, (the Bee). Honey. Use.—(Intl.) in fevers, inflammatory affections (especially of infants), as a pleasant addition to gruel, barley-water, and other beverages, which may be acidulated with lemon-juice. Dose, 3i. and upwards. (Extl.) as a sweetening and detergent contribu- tion to gargles ; sometimes applied to tedious sores. mel despumatum, u. s. d. Clarified Honey. Prep.—Melt the honey in a water-bath, then remove the scum. Use.—Same as preceding, but a purer honey. OXYMEL, L. D. Prep.—Heat despumated honey ibx., and mix it with acetic acid Oiss., l.—or—Boil down (at a slow heat) to consistence of syrup, honey ibii., and distilled vinegar Oi.; remove the scum, d. Use.—(Intl.) as an adjunct to mixtures, gargles, &c. Dose, 5i.—3vi. OlivaB Oleum, u.s. l. e. olea europosa, d. The oil of the fruit of Olea Europcea, (u. s.) The oil expressed from pericarp of Olea Europosa. Olive Oil. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes employed in complaints of the chest, as linctus or emulsion. Dose, 3i-—Ii- (Extl.) added to ene- mata; and forms a part in numerous officinal and extemporaneous liniments, ointments, plasters, &c. Rosa Centifolia, u. s. l. e. d. AQUA ROSA, L. E. D. Prep.—Hundred-leaved roses ibviii., water cong. ii.; mix and distil a gallon, u. s.—or—With damask roses ibx., pf. spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii., let cong. i. distil, l.—or—Mix together petals of rosa centifolia ibx., water cong. ii., and rectif. spirit liii., dis- til off cong. i. The petals should be chosen when fresh ; but DEMULCENTS. 129 those preserved by having been beat up with twice their weight of muriate of soda, will also answer the purpose, e.—or—Take damask rose petals ibviii., and water a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma, and distil cong. i. d. Use.—(Intl.) as a vehicle for other medicines. Dose, ad libitum. Saccharum, u. s. l. (v. Cathartics.) SACCHARUM COMMUNE, E. (et) SACCHARUM PURUM, E. SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM, D. SACCHARUM FAX, L. E. Use.—(Intl.) all the above are demulcent and nutritious, and in an infinite variety of shapes are employed to relieve coughs, Sic ; sugar forms a useful and agreeable contribution to various mixtures, draughts, Sic ; the following preparation is generally employed for the latter purposes :— SYRUPUS, U. S. L. SYRUPUS SIMPLEX, E. Prep.—v. Cathartics. Use.—(Intl.) added to other medicines, chiefly liquids ; see foregoing. Dose, ad libitum. SagO, u. s. l. e. The Faecula from the pith of Sagns Rumphii, (l.) Farina from the interior of the trunk of various Pal- maceae and species of Cycas, (e.) Sago. Use.—(Intl.) much employed in form of decoction, as diet for invalids; its nutritious and demulcent qualities are familiarly known. What is said as to arrowroot is applicable to sago. Sarsaparilla, u. s. d. sarza, l. e. smilax sarsaparilla, d. Sar- saparilla. (v. Alteratives.) Use.—(Intl.) sarsaparilla, and all its preparations (q. v. at page 29) are demulcent. [Sassafras Medulla, u. s. The pith of the stems of Laurus Sassa- fras. Sassafras Pith. Use.—(Intl.) infused in water forms a limpid mucilage, useful in diseases of the bowels and bladder, and also in catarrh. (Extl.) the mucilage is a good application in inflammation of the eyes. Sesamum, u. s. The leaves of Sesamum Orientale. Benne Leaves. Use.—(Intl.) in diseases of the bowels and bladder. The fresh leaves placed in cold water afford a bland mucilage; 2 to Oss. of water renders it sufficiently viscid. Dose, ad libitum. (Extl.) for emollient cataplasms.] 130 demulcents. Tamarindus, u. s. l. e. tamarindus indicus, d. Tamarinds, (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory diseases, sore throats, &c. Dose, 3i.—Ii., allowed to melt in the mouth ; or boiled in milk so as to form a whey, forms an agreeable demulcent drink. Tapioca, u. s. e. Fecula of the root of Janipha Manihot. Tapioca. Use.—(Intl.) employed for same purposes as arrowroot, and sago ; it has similar qualities. Tragacantha, u. s. l. e. tragacantha gummi, d. The concreted juice from Astragalus verus, (l.)—from A. gummifer, and probably A. verus, and other species, (e.)—from A. creticus, (d.) Tragacanth. Use.—(Intl.) allowed to dissolve in the mouth, it forms a var- nish for the fauces, &c, and thus is often serviceable in appeas- ing the ceaseless tickling sensation which induces coughs. Dose, grs. x.—5i. MUCILAGO TRAGACANTHA, U. S. E. MUCILAGO GUMMI TRAGA- CANTHA, d. Mucilage of Tragacanth. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours tragacanth 3ii- (Ii-> u.s.) in boiling water lix. (Oi., u. s.); then rub so as to dissolve the gum ; squeeze through calico or linen, e.—or—Macerate in a covered vessel gum tragacanth powdered 3i'-» in water Iviii., until the gum is dissolved ; strain through a cloth, d. Use.—(Intl.) same qualities as preceding; chiefly employed as a vehicle for, or contribution to, other medicines. Dose, Ii. —liii. pulvis tragacantha compositus, l. e. Compound Pow- der of Tragacanth. Prep.—Rub together starch liss., and sugar liii.; add traga- canth powdered, and acacia, each liss.; mix all thoroughly, L. E. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as tragacanth; also employed in strangury, dysentery, gonorrhoea, and to allay irritation caused by calculi of the bladder or kidneys ; in solution it forms a good ve- hicle for suspending calomel. Dose, 9i.—3iii. TUSSilagO, L. TUSSILAGO FARFARA, L. D. Coltsfoot. Use.—(Intl.) from being slightly tonic as well as expectorant, and demulcent, it has been employed in scrofula, &c. Dose, 3ss.—3i-i taken in milk; or as decoction or infusion (say Ii., to water Oi.) ad libitum. DIAPHORETICS. 131 [Ulmus, u.s. The inner bark of Ulmus fulva. Slippery Elm Bark. Use.—(Extl.) moistened with water as an emollient applica- tion, or a poultice made by mixing the powder with hot water. INFUSUM ULMI, U. S. Prep.—Slippery elm bark Iss., boiling water Oi. ; digest for 1 hour in a covered vessel, and strain. Use.—(Intl.) in catarrhal and nephritic diseases, and inflam- matory affections of bowels. Dose, ad libitum.] Lva Passa, u. s. uva, l. uva passa, e. vitis vinifera, d. The dried fruit of Vitis Vinifera, (u. s.) The dried berries of V. Vinifera with the stones taken out. Raisins, (l. e.) The Common Vine. Dried Fruit, (d.) Use.—Given to convalescents ; raisins are nutritious, muci- laginous, and slightly laxative. Dose, ad libitum. DIAPHORETICS. Ammonia. AMMONIA CARBONAS, U. S. E. D. AMMONIA SESQUICARBONAS, l. Carbonate of Ammonia. (See Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism, &c. Dose, grs. iii.— grs. xv. LIQUOR AMMONIA ACETATIS, U. S. AMMONIA ACETATIS LIQUOR, l. ammonia acetatis aqua, e. D. Spirit of Mindererus. Prep.—Diluted acetic acid Oii., carbonate of ammonia q. s. to saturate, to be added gradually, u. s.—or—Add sesquicarbonate of ammonia livss. (or as much as sufficient), to saturate distilled vinegar Oiv., l.—or—Mix together carbonate of ammonia Ii., Ammonia. R Liq. ammon. acetatis Mistur. camphorae Vini antimonii Tr. opii M. f. haustus (in low fever). R Liq. ammonias acet. Mistura: camphorae M. R Liq. ammon. acetat. Aqu. menth. pip. Syrupi papav. M. R Liquor, ammonias acetat. Misturae camphorae Antimonii et potassae tart. Tr. opii M. 132 DIAPHORETICS. and distilled vinegar (from French vinegar in preference) Ixxiv.; mix and dissolve the salt. Should the solution have any bitter- ness, correct this taste by dropping in a sufficiency of distilled vinegar, e.—or—Gradually add to carbonate of ammonia 1 part, as much (hot) distilled vinegar as sufficient to saturate the salt— scil. about 30 parts. This can be ascertained by means of lit- mus, D. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory and febrile diseases generally, as a valuable cooling diaphoretic contribution to mixtures, &c. &c. Dose, 3iii.—Ii.; may be repeated 2ce or 3ce daily. Antimonii et Potassae-Tartras, u. s. antimonii potassio-tartras, l. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM, E. ANTIMONII ET POTASSA TAR- TRAS, sive tartarum emeticum, d. Tartar Emetic. Use.—(Intl.) in pneumonia, febrile and inflammatory com- plaints. Dose, gr. 1-16—gr. i (always in solution) may be re- peated several times daily according to circumstances. PULVIS ANTIMONII COMPOSITUS, L. PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS, E. D. Antimonial Powder. Use.—(Intl.) in febrile diseases generally; (this preparation is an imitation of, or substitute for, Jhames' Powder). Dose, grs. ii.—grs. x. VINUM ANTIMONII, U. S. VINUM ANTIMONII POTASSIO-TARTRA- tis, l. vinum antimoniale, e. Antimonial Wine. Wine of Antimony. Prep.—Dissolve potassio-tartrate of antimony 9iii. (9i., u.s.) in sherry wine Oi. (fix., u. s.) l. e. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, m. x.—3i-' repeated every 2 or 3 hours to keep up determination to the skin; (each I contains grs. ii. of tartrate.) Antimony. R Antimonii et pot.-tart. Potassae nitrat. Aq. menth. viridis Syrupi mori F. mis- tura, cujus cap. R Antim. et potassio-tart. Aq., font. Syrupi croci M. R Pulv. et antimonii comp. Antimonii sulph. prascip. F. pulvis. R Pulv. antim. comp. Opii Confec. rosas M. f. pil. R Pulv. antim. comp. Tragacanthae M. (in com- mencement of fevers.) R Vini antim. Sodas sulphatis Magnesia sulphatis Aq. menth. viridi F. mistura, de qua sum. DIAPHORETICS. 133 liquor tartari emetici, d. Antimonial Wine. Prep.—Dissolve tartrate of antimony and potass 9i., in hot dis- tilled water (by measure) Iviii.; filter the solution, then add rectif. spir. of wine (measured) Iii., d. Use.—(Intl.) similar to preceding—and contains the same amount of tartrate of antimony. ANTIMONII OXYDUM, E. ANTIMONII OXYDUM NITROMURIATICI M, d. Nitro-Muriatic Oxide of Antimony. Powder of Al- garoth. Use.—(Intl.) though to presence of this oxide (sesquioxide) belongs the activity of the tartrate, oxysulphuret, and other offi- cinal preparations of antimony ; and although it possesses similar properties, it is rarely used in its simple form. Dose, gr. 1-10— gr. i. ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM/»U. S. E. D. ANTIMONII SESQUISUL- phuretum, l. Native Sesquisulphuret of Antimony, puri- fied by fusion, u. s. The native Sesquisulphuret. Use.—(Intl.) in rheumatic, and scrofulous diseases, cutaneous affections; but reliance cannot be placed on its amount of action, which is determined by the state of the stomach. Dose, ers. v. -3i. J antimonii sulphuretum praparatum, d. Prepared Sul- phuret of Antimony. Prep.—Let sulphuret of antimony in any quantity be subjected to the process employed for obtaining prepared chalk. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. [Aralia Xudicaulis, u. s. The root. Use.—(Intl.) in rheumatic, cutaneous and venereal complaints, usually given in infusion or decoction, to be drank freely. Aralia Spinosa, u. s. The bark. Angelica tree. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism and cutaneous affections. Dose of decoction (bark Ii., water Oiss., boiled to Oi.) fli.—Iii. 3ce to 4mes a day.] Arctium Lappa, d. Common Burdock. Seeds. Root. Use.—(Intl.) in gout, rheumatism, skin diseases, Sec Dose, of decoction (say, of the root Iii., with water Oiss.) a teacupful 3 or 4 times daily. It is said to have served the same purpose » as sarsaparilla in some cases of skin diseases. The seeds are supposed to be diuretic. 12 134 diaphoretics. [Asclepias Tuberosa, u. s. The root. Butterfly Weed. Use.—(Intl.) in catarrh and inflammatory affections of the chest, also dysentery and rheumatism. Dose, of powder, grs. xx. to 3i. 3ce or 4mes a day, of decoction or infusion (Ii. to Oii. water), a teacupful every three or four hours.] Diosma, u.s. l. bucku, e. diosma crenata, d. The leaves from D. Crenata. Crenated Diosma, (l. d.)—from various species of Barosma, (e.) Buchu. Use.—To prepare the following:—(Extl.) sometimes applied as a cataplasm to the joints, Sic, in rheumatism ; and to tedious sores. INFUSUM DIOSMA, U. S. L. INFUSUM BUCKU, E. INFUS. BUCHU, d. Infusion of Buchu. Prep.—Infuse during 4 hours (in a lightly covered vessel) buchu Ii., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, u. s. l.—or— With same amount of ingredients infuse during only 2 hours, e. (The E. Ph. orders boiling water simply.)—or—Macerate dur- ing 4 hours leaves of diosma crenata Iss., in boiling water Oss.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism, irritative febrile condi- tions. Dose, Ii.—Iii., 2ce or 3ce daily; the following is a more agreeable preparation. TINCTURA BUCKU, E. TINCTURA BUCHU, D. Tincture of Buchu. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days bucku Iv., in pf. spirit Oii.; pour off the liquor, and filter. May be made by the process of percolation (v. per Index), e.—or—Digest during 7 days leaves of diosma crenata Iii., in pf. spirit Oi.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, 3l—Iss. Dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. The stalks or twigs from Solanum Dul- camara. Woody Nightshade. Use.—(Intl.) in gout, chronic rheumatism ; eruptions of long standing ; jaundice, scrofula. Dose, grs. xv.—3*- The follow- ing is the more usual form of exhibition. decoctum dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. Decoction of Bitter- sweet. Prep.—Boil woody nightshade sliced 3x., in distilled water Woody Nightshade. Sassafras R Dulcamaras Guaiaci Glycyrrhizas Aquae Decoque Arctii lappae ad et cola. ; cap. DIAPHORETICS. 135 Oiss., down to Oi. ; strain, l.—or—Mix and boil dulcamara chopped down Ii., in water Ixxiv. ; and concentrate, by evapo- rating, to Ixvi., e.—or—Boil stalks of woody nightshade sliced Ii., in water Oiss., down to Oi.; strain, u. s. d. Use.—(Intl.) same as last. Dose, 3hi-—Iii.,2ceor 3ce daily. [Eupatorinm, u. s. The tops and leaves of E. perfoliatum. Tho- roughwort. Use.—(Intl.) in remittent and intermittent fevers, acute and chronic rheumatism, Sec, in warm decoction. Acts as a tonic in cold infusion. Dose of powder grs. xx.—xxx., cold infusion, fli. INFUSUM EUPATORII, U. S. Prep.—Thoroughwort dried Ii., boiling water Oi., infuse 2 hours in covered vessel, and strain. Use.—(Intl.) as above.] Guaiaci Resina, u. s. l. guaiacum, e. guaiacum officinale, d. Guaiac. (see Alteratives.) Use.—(Intl.) in skin diseases ; gout, chronic rheumatism ; se- quelae of syphilis, &c. Sic Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx. aqua calcis composita, d. Compound Lime water. Prep.—Macerate without heat during 2 days in a covered ves- sel guaiac wood shavings ibss., liquorice root cut and bruised Ii., bark of sassafras bruised Iss., coriander seeds 3iii-> in lime wa- ter Ovi.; agitate occasionally ; strain. Use.—(Intl.) see the following:— DECOCTUM GUAIACI, E. DECOCTUM GUAIACI COMPOSITUM, D. Compound Decoction of Guaiacum Wood. Prep.—Boil guaiac turnings liii., and raisins Iii., in water Oviii., gently down to Ov. ; towards the end add liquorice-root bruised, and sassafras raspings each Ii.; strain, e.—or—Boil Guaiac. R Guaiaci R Guaiaci Misturae acacias Aquae Glycyrrhizas Coque ad. Aq. menth. pip. R Guaiaci Sp. lavand. com. M. Sacchari dosis cochl. quaque Mistur. acaciae hora. Aq. cinnamomi Tere R Guaiaci Ipecacuanhas guaiacum et saccharum cum mucilagine, et adde Confec. rosae gal. F. aquam cinnamomi. Do- bolus. sis. 136 DIAPHORETICS. guaiac wood rasped liii., in water Ox. ; evaporate the liquor to one-half; towards the conclusion add liquorice-root bruised liiss., and sassafras root sliced 3x.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) intended as a stimulating diaphoretic—in cases alluded to under Guaiaci Resina ; it is obvious, however, that the present preparation must hold in solution only a very minute amount of Guaiacin. Dose, Iii.—liv., and to the extent of Oi. —Oiss. daily. mistura guaiaci, l. e. Guaiac Mixture. Prep.—Rub together guaiac resin ^,i\\., and sugar Iss.; then with mixture of acacia Iss.; while rubbing, gradually pour in cinnamon water Ixix., l.—or—Proceed in the way just stated, with guaiac 3ih., sugar Iss., mucilage Iss., and cinnamon water Ixixss., E. Use.—(Intl.) same as guaiac in substance. Dose, Iss.—liss., 2ce or 3ce daily. tinctura guaiaci, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Guaiac. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days guaiac resin powdered Ivii., (Ivi., u. s.) in rectif. spirit (alcohol, u. s.) Oii. ; strain, l.—or__ Digest same amount of said ingredients during only 7 days, then filter, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days guaiac liv., in rectif. spi- rit Oii. ; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in atonic gout, arthritis, chronic rheumatism. Dose, 3h\—Iss. TR. guaiaci ammoniata, u. s. e. d. tinctura guaiaci com- posita, l. Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days guaiacum resin bruised Ivii., (liv., u. s.) in aromatic spir. of ammonia Oii.; strain, l.—or__ Digest during 7 days guaiac roughly powdered Ivii., in spirit of ammonia Oii.; and filter, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days guaiac liv., in aromatic spirit of ammonia ibiss. ; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding—but more efficacious. Dose, one to three teaspoonfuls night and morning, in milk, mucilage, R Tr. guaiaci Aquas Syrupi M. f. haustus. R Tr. guaiaci Misturae camphorae Tr. colchici Syrupi simp. Sit mis- tura, cujus capiat coch. R Tr. guaiaci Mellis Tere simul, et adde Decoct, senegos Ammonias carb. M. f. haustus. diaphoretics. 137 Ipecacuanha, u.s. l. e. cephaelis ipecacuanha, d. Ipecacuanha. (see Emetics). Use.—(Intl.) in gout, rheumatism, febrile affections. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. v.; forms a valuable combination with opium. PILULA IPECACUANHA COMPOSITA, L. PILULA IPECACUANHA et opii, e. Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. Prep.—Rub together (till incorporated) compound powder of ipecacuan 3iii-» squill root newly dried %i., ammoniac 3i., and mixture of acacia q. s., l.—or—Pound together into a proper mass comp. powder of ipecacuan 3 parts, and conserve of red- roses 1 part; to be divided into pills of grs. iv. each, e. Use.—See the following. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x. PULVIS IPECACUANHA ET OPII, U. S. PULVIS IPECACUANHA compositus, l. e. d. Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium. Dover's Powder. Prep.—Mix together ipecacuan powdered $'\., hard opium powdered $i., and sulphate of potassae Ii., u. s. l. e. d. (the Edin. College only differs from it by directing the ingredients to be triturated together; and the Dublin orders the sulphate of potass and the opium to be rubbed together, then mixed with the ipe- cacuan). Use.—(Intl.) in rheumatism ; febrile and other diseases, where diaphoresis is desirable. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xx. syrupus ipecacuanha, u. s. e. Syrup of Ipecacuanha. Prep.—Coarsely powdered ipecacuanha Ii., diluted alcohol Oi., syrup Oii.; macerate the ipecacuanha 14 days in the alcohol and filter, evaporate to flii.; filter, mix with the syrup and eva- Ipecacuan. R Ipecacuanhas R Ipecacuan., pulv. Hydr. chloridi mit. Antimonii et potassae-tart. Confect. rosae q. s. F. pilula Aquas menth. virid. F. hora somni sum. haustus quamprimum su- R Ipecacuanhae, pulv. mendus. Sodae carb. exsiccatas R Ipecacuanhas, pulv. Pulv. ipecacuan. comp. Tr. scillae ---- cretae comp. M. Aqu. destil. divide in chartulas Syrupi M. sumat cochl. asquales (for cough of q. q. hora. young patients, where in- R Ipecacuan. testinal or gastric irrita- Contrajervas F. tion is present). pulvis hor. somni sum. 12* 138 diaphoretics. porate by a water-bath, u. s.—or—Digest during 24 hours at a gentle heat ipecacuan coarsely powdered liv., in rectif. spirit Ixv.; strain and squeeze the residual mass, then filter. Repeat this process with the residuum, and pf. spirit Ixiv.; and again with water Ixiv. Mingle all the liquors thus obtained, and distil off the spirit till the residuum amounts to Ixii.—to which (re- siduum) add rectif. spirit Iv., then syrup Ovii. Use.—(Intl.) might be employed as a contribution to mixtures, &c. &c.; but more serviceable for expectorant, or emetic pur- poses, in children's cases. Dose, 3i-—3'i* vinum ipecacuanha, u.s. l. e. d. Wine of Ipecacuanha. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days ipecacuan bruised liiss. (Iii., u. s.) in sherry wine Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest the same amount of ingredients, just named, during 7 days ; then filter, e.—or— Macerate during 14 days root of ipecacuan bruised Iii. in Spanish white wine Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Ipecacuan and its preparations, above. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx., repeated at intervals so long as required. Mezereum, u. s. l. The bark of Daphne Mezereum and Daphne Gnidium, u. s. l. mezereon, e. d. The root-bark of Daph- ne Mezereum, (l. d.)—D. Mezereon, (e.) Mezereon. Use.—(Intl.) in obstinate rheumatism, scrofula, lepra,—for its stimulating diaphoretic properties. Dose, grs. i.—grs. vi. decoctum mezerei, e. d. Decoction of Mezereum. Prep.—Mix together and (at a gentle heat) boil mezereon in chips 3ii.. and liquorice bruised Iss., in water Oii., down to Oiss.; strain, e.—or—Boil mezereon-bark 3ii-, and liquorice-root bruised Iss., in water ibiii. down to ibii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as foregoing, and in syphiloid af- fections. Dose, Iii.—Iviii., repeated 3 or 4 times daily. R Vini ipecacuanhas Antimonii et potassae-tart. Aquae Syrupi aurantii cort. F. haustus. R Vini ipecacuan. Potass, carb. Acidi citrici Liq. ammonias acetatis Aquae cinnamomi F. mistura. R Vini ipecac. Oxymel. scillae Syrupi tolutan. Aqu. menth. pip. F. mistura. R Vini ipecacuan. —— antimonii etpotas.-tart. Liquor, ammonii. acetatis Syrupi papav. Aquae destil. M. su- mat subinde. DIAPHORETICS. 139 Sambucus, u. s. l. e. The Flowers of Sambucus Canadensis, (u. s.) sambucus nigra, d. Elder, (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) the flowers are diaphoretic, and discutient; they have also been used in the following form :— aqua sambuci, l. e. Elder water. Prep.—With elder flowers ibx. (or oil of elder 3"-)' pf- spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii., let cong. i. distil, l.—or—With fresh elder-flowers ibx., water cong. ii., and rectif. spirit liii., distil cong. i., e. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing, but serviceable chiefly as an agreeable flavouring vehicle for other medicines. Sassafras Radicis Cortex, u. s. The bark of the root of Laurus Sas- safras, sassafras, l. e. d. The root of Laurus Sassafras, (l. d.)—of Sassafras Officinale, (e.) Sassafras. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism, secondary syphilis ; dis- eases of the skin. Dose, 3ss.—3i-» powdered ; rarely employed. An infusion (say sassafras liss., to water ibii.) is better; decoc- tions are valueless, as the volatile oil must be dissipated in the boiling. oleum sassafras, u. s. e. d. The essential oil obtained from the above. Oil of Sassafras. Use.—(Intl.) same as the preceding, or may be added to some diaphoretic or sudorific mixtures, &c. Dose, m. ii.—m. viii., rubbed up with sugar when given alone—which is rarely .the case. Senega, u. s. l. e. polygala senega, d. The root of Polygala Senega, u. s. Seneka. (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Tntl.) in chronic rheumatism; and cases of peripneu- monia (after subsidence of inflammatory action has been obtained) where further depletion is inadmissible. Dose, grs. x.—9ii.; the following preparation will be found preferable:— decoctum senega, u.s. l. d. Decoction of Seneka. Prep.—Boil senega 3x. (Ii., u. s.) in distilled water Oii. (Oiss., Elder. R Althaeae Melissae Menthae viridis Sambuci^or. Arnicas Anisi F. infusio, pro potu ordinario. Senega. R Decoct, senegas Tr. hyosciami Sodas carb. Aq. menth. M. f. mistura (in hysteria). 140 DISINFECTANTS. u. s.), down to Oi.; strain, l.—or—Boil senega-root 3iii-> in wa- ter ibiss., down to Iviii.; and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, Iss.—Iii., 2ce or 3ce daily. infusum senega, e. Infusion of Seneka. Prep.—Infuse during 4 hours in a covered vessel senega 3x., in boiling water Oi.; and strain. Use.—(Intl.) may be employed indifferently with the decoc- tion. (Extl.) as gargle in croup. Sulphur, u. s. sulphur sublimatum, l. E. d. Sublimed Sulphur. Use.—(Intl.) in catarrhs, rheumatic and hemorrhoidal com- plaints, where, along with its laxative qualities, gentle sweating is desired. Dose, 9i.—3"' [Xanthoxylum, u. s. The bark of X. Fraxineum. Prickly Ash. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism, and the same class of diseases in which mezereum and guaiac have been beneficial. Dose of powder grs. x.—grs. xxx., 3ce a day ; of decoction (Ii. in Oiii., boiled down to Oii.,) a pint in divided doses in 24 hours.] DISINFECTANTS. CORRECTIVES. Calx Clllorinata, u. s. l. e. Chlorinated Lime, (u. s. l.) Hypo- chlorite of Lime, (e.) Chloride of Lime. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating antiseptic in some putrid fevers, &c. Dose, gr. i.—grs. v.; but rarely thus employed. (Extl.) R Infusi senegas Syrupi ipecacuanhas Oxymellis scillas M. sum. cochl. subinde. R Decoct, senegas Tr. opii camph. Syrupi zingiberis Misturae camphorae M. sum. cochl. in die. Sulphur. R Sulphuris Saponis Syrupi F. bolus, mane nocteque sumendus. R Sulphur. Potassae bitart. M. Chloride of Lime. R Liquoris calcis chlorinat. Mellis Aquae destil. M. (as a detergent gargle.) R Calcis chlorinatas Mistur. acaciae Syrupi aurantii cort. F. gargarisma. (in ulcerated gums, Sic) DISINFECTANTS. 141 applied as lotion, injection, gargle, ointment, Sic, to cancerous, and other foul ulcers, to correct their fetid effluvia; in scabies ; as a contribution to tooth-powders, it has sometimes proved ser- viceable in purifying bad breath, and at same time in decolorizing or whitening the teeth. From its powerful disinfecting agency, it is applied to the following and various similar purposes :—To fu- migate sick apartments, wards of hospitals, Sic, more especially those occupied by patients labouring under contagious disease ; to correct the putrid vapours and odour of water-closets, Dest along with acetate of potash, squill, &c. Armoracia, u. s. l. e. cochlearia armoracia, d. Horseradish. (v. Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) stimulant and diuretic; sometimes employed in dropsies occurring after intermittent fever. INFUSUM ARMORACIA, U. S. INFUSUM ARMORACIA COMPOSITUM, l. d. Infusion of Horseradish. Prep.—v. Stimulants. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing; more suitable as a vehicle for diuretic medicines, &c. Dose, Iss.—liii., 3 or 4 times daily. spiritus armoracia compositus, l. d. Compound Spirit of Horseradish. Prep.—v. Stimulants. Use.—(Intl.) same as Armoracia; may form a contribution to infusions, &c, of the present class. Dose, 3ss.—%iv. Horseradish. R Sp. armoracias comp. ---juniperi comp. ---aetheris nitrici Potass, acetatis Infusi gentianas comp. M. f. mistura. R Sp. armoracias comp. Decoct, chimaphil. Potassae acetatis M. f. mistura. diuretics. 143 Cantharis, u. s. l. e. cantharis vesicatoria, l. e. d. The whole of (C. Vesicatoria) the blistering fly or blistering bee- tle. Spanish Fly. Use.—(Intl.) in gleet, dropsies, leucorrhoea ; and in stimulating the urinary organs to action, in retention and incontinence of urine. Dose, gr. ss.—gr. i.; must be employed with greatest caution. acetum cantharidis, l. e. Vinegar of Spanish Flies. Prep.—Macerate during 8 days, cantharides powdered Iii., in acetic acid Oi.; shake frequently; lastly, press and strain, l.—or —Mix together acetic acid Iv., and pyroligneous acid Ixv.; add cantharides powdered liii., and euphorbium in rough powder Iss.; and macerate during 7 days, shaking occasionally ; strain, squeeze strongly, and filter, e. Use.—See foregoing. This preparation is too irritating, how- ever, for internal administration. tinctura cantharidis, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Spanish Flies. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days, cantharides ^i\., (%i. v.s.) in pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest during 7 days, cantharides Iss., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain the re- siduum strongly, and filter. This Tr. may be obtained with greater facility by percolation (v. per Index), e.—or—Digest dur- ing 7 days, cantharides powdered 3iiv in pf. spirit Oiss.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, gleet, leucorrhoea, &c. Sic, see Can- tharis above. Dose, m. x.—3ii., in any demulcent fluid. [Carota, u. s. Fruit of Daucus Carota. Carrot Seed. Use.—(Intl.) in nephritic complaints, dropsy, and strangury from blisters. Dose of powder grs. xxx.—3i« 5 °f infusion (Iss. —Ii. seed to Oi. water) a pint during the day in divided doses.] Chimaphila, u. s. t. pyrola, e. pyrola umbellata, d. The leaves of Chimaphila Umbellata. Pipsissewa, (u. s.) The leaves of Chimaphila Corymbosa. Winter Green, l. The Herb Ground Holly, d. Use.—In dropsies originating in organic diseases of the liver ; strangury, ardor urinae, gravel, and derangements of the urinary apparatus generally ; given as infusion, or in the following form : DECOCTUM CHIMAPHILA, U. S. L. DECOCTUM PYROLA, D. De- coction of Pipsissewa. Prep.—Boil winter green Ii., in distilled water Oiss., down to Oi.; and strain, u.s. l.—or—Macerate during 6 hours ground 144 DIURETICS. holly Ii., in water Oii. ; take out and bruise the holly, then re- turn it to the liquor. Reduce the mixture, by evaporation, when strained and expressed to Oi., d. Use.—(Intl.) see the foregoing. Dose, Ii.—liii., 3 or 4 times daily; it has tonic properties. Cochlearia Officinalis, d. Common Scurvy-Grass. The Herb. Use.—(Intl.) formerly a highly popular remedy (for scurvy particularly), but now obsolete. It possesses gentle diuretic and stimulant properties. Dose, Ii.—liv. of the juice; or may be eaten raw, ad libitum. Colchici Cormus, u. s. colchici cormus, c. semina, l. e. colchi- cum autumnala, d. (vide Cathartics.) Colchicum bulb, and seeds (either may be employed). Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, and inflammatory complaints ; it ex- ercises a stimulating influence over the secretions. Dose, gr. i. —grs. v., 2ce or 3ce daily. Other preparations of Colchicum may be employed for same purposes as the above. (These will be found in class Cathartics.) Copaiba, u. s. l. e. copaifera officinalis, d. The juice of Co- paifera Officinalis and other species, (u. s.) The liquid re- sin from Copaifera Langsdorfii, (l.)—from various species of Copaifera, (e.)—from C. officinalis, (d.) Balsam of Co- paiba, or Copaiva. Use.—(Intl.) in gleet, and chronic stages of any discharge from the mucous membrane of the uterine, or urinary organs ; or (to fulfil the same purposes) in cases of asthma, chronic bronchitis, pertussis, Sic. Dose, m. x.—m. xl., 2ce or 3ce daily, as an Colchicum. R Colchici corm. (vel sem.) Pulv. cinnamomi comp. Fiat pulvis. R Colchici sem. (vel corm.) Carb. ammoniae. F. pulvis. R Colchici corm. Pulv. ipecacuanhas et opii M. f. pulvis sumendus. Copaiba. R Copaibas Kino, pulv. Tr. lavand. comp. Mistur. acacias M. sum. cochl. in die. R Copaibas Tr. catechu 01. juniperi Mistur. acacias M. R Copaibas 01. terebinth. M. suman- tur guttae in die, ex cyatho aquas. R Copaibas Magnesias carb. q. s. Ut f. massa, in pilulas divi- denda. DIURETICS. 145 emulsion, in syrups, in mucilaginous vehicles ; it may be like- wise combined into pills ; or swallowed in capsules. oleum copaiba, e. Oil of Copaiba. Prep.—Mix together copaiva Ii., and water Oiss., and distil, preserving the water, which (when most of it has passed over) is to be returned to the still, and re-distilled—and this process re- peated so long as a sensible quantity of oil comes over with the water. Use.—(Intl.) identical with the preceding, but esteemed pre- ferable. Cubeba, u. s. d. piper cubeba, l. cubeba, e. The berries, (u.s. l.)—the fruit, (e. d.) of Piper Cubeba. Cubebs. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating diuretic, in gonorrhoea; its effi- cacy is undoubted ; it ought never to be administered, however, until subsidence of the early or inflammatory stage has occurred. Dose, 9i.—3iss-» 3 or 4 times daily. oleum cubeba, u. s. e. The essential oil obtained from the foregoing. Oil of Cubebs. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as the cubebs in substance, and of equal service. Dose, m. v.—m. xxx., in syrup, &c. TINCTURA CUBEBA, U. S. L. TINCTURA PIPERIS CUBEBA, D. Tincture of Cubebs. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days cubebs bruised Iv. (liv. u. s.) in rectif. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l.—or— With cubebs liv., and pf. spirit Oii., macerate during 14 days, and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) similar to cubebs, in gonorrhoea, and in gleet. Dose, 3i-—3i'-j 3 or 4 times daily. Digitalis, U. S. E. digitalis folia, et D. SEMINA, l. DIGITALIS purpurea, d. The leaves and seed, (l.)—the leaves (u. s. e. d.) of Digitalis Purpurea, Foxglove. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, more especially those induced by im- moderate purging or bleeding. Dose, gr. i., fractionally increased Cubebs. R 01. cubebas R Cubebas Copaibas Vini xerici F. haustus Liqu. potassae in die sumendus. Spiriti myrist. R Cubebas Misturae camphorae M. Decoct, malvae comp. M. f. haustus. 13 146 DIURETICS. to grs. ii., every 6 or 8 hours, until the kidneys are sufficiently influenced. • Great attention must be paid to its operation, from its tendency to accumulate in the system and produce serious effects, often without warning symptoms. Diluents should ac- company its use. extractum digitalis, l. e. Extract of Foxglove. Prep.—Bruise in a stone mortar fresh leaves of foxglove ibi. (havingpreviously moistened them with water); then squeeze out the juice, and, without defaecating it, concentrate to due consist- ence, l.—or—Proceed with fresh leaves of digitalis in the same way as for Ext, of Conium, q. v., e. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. iii.; the variableness of medicinal power in different specimens of this preparation, renders great caution necessary in its employment. infusum digitalis, u. s. l. e. d. Infusion of Foxglove. Prep.—Macerate during 4 hours, in a lightly covered vessel, dried leaves of foxglove 3i-» in boiling distilled water Oi. (Oss., u. s.); strain, then add spirit of cinnamon Ii., l.—or—Infuse dur- ing 4 hours, in a covered vessel, digitalis dried 3ii-» in boiling water Ixviii.; strain through calico or linen, and add spirit of cinnamon Iii., e.—or—Digest during 4 hours dried leaves of purple foxglove 3i.» in boiling water Oss.; then add spirit of cin- namon Oss., D. Digitalis. R Digital., pulv. Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Opii Confec. rosae Fiant pil. sumat (in ascites, and anasarca.) R Digitalis, pulv. Scillae, pulv. Pil. hydrargyri F. pilula nocte maneque sumenda. R Infusi digitalis Liquor, hydrarg. bichlor. Aqu. menth. virid. Tr. cantharidis M. f. haustus. (In anasarca, where the effusion is con- siderable, and the action of the heart and arteries feeble.) R Infusi digitalis Aq. menth. pip. Potassae acetatis Sp. asth. nitrici F. haus- tus, bis in die sum. R Infusi digitalis Tr. digitalis Potassae acetatis Tr. opii F. mistura, cu- jus sumatur coch. in die. R Tr. digitalis Infusi rosae Syrupi rosae F. haustus. R Tr. digitalis Misturae camphorae Tr. calumbas F. haustus. R Tr. digitalis ---lavand. comp. Aquae M. dosis. diuretics. 147 Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical diseases. Dose, Iss.—Ii., 2ce or 3ce daily; this, like all preparations of Digitalis, requires to be cautiously administered. pilula digitalis et scilla, e. Pills of Foxglove and Squill. Prep.—Beat together into proper pill mass digitalis and squill, each 1 part, aromatic electuary 2 parts, and conserve of red roses q. s.; then divide into grs. iv. pills. Use.—In dropsies ; the addition of squill to the foxglove, gives greater precision to its operation. Dose, grs. iv.—grs. viii. tinctura digitalis, l. e. d. Tincture of Foxglove. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days leaves of foxglove dried liv., in pf. spirit (diluted alcohol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l—or—With digi- talis moderately powdered liv., and pf. spirit Oii., digest during 7 days; and strain (or better percolate as directed for Tr. Capsici.) If Ixl. be passed through, the density is 944, and the solid con- tents of a fluid I amount to grs. xxiv., e.—or—Macerate during 7 days dried foxglove leaves (rejecting the large ones) roughly powdered Iii., in pf. spirit Oi.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in ascites, hydrothorax, &c. Dose, m. x.—3SS,» and upwards, by careful gradations. Diosma, u. s. l. bucku, e. diosma crenata, d. Buchu. (see Diaphoretics.) Use.—In chronic affections of the urinary organs ; given in form of infusion, and tincture (q. v. among Diaphoretics). Dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. Bitter sweet, (v. Diaphoretics). Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, and humoral asthma. Dose, grs. xv.—3i. decoctum dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. Decoction of Bitter- sweet. Prep.—v. Diaphoretics. R Tr. digitalis Acidi hydrocyanici diluti M. R Tr. digitalis Sp. astheris nitrici Potassae nitratis Aq. menth. pip. F. haustus. R Tr. digitalis Potass, nitratis Sp. asth. nitrici Syrupi rosae F. haustus. Buchu. R Bucku Uvas ursi Aq.,ferventis Macera per horas duas ; dein cola, et adde Liquoris potassae Tr. cinnamomi — hyosciami M. su- mantur cochl. in die. 118 DIURETICS. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, 5iv«—oiv. [Erigeron Philadelphicum and E. Heterophyllum, u. s. The Herb. Various leaved and Philadelphia Flea-bane. Use.—(Intl.) in calculous and nephritic affections, and also in dropsy. Dose of decoction or infusion (herb Ii. boiling water Oi.) f|ii.—fliv., 3ce or 4mes a day.] Juniper US, U.S. JUNIPER cacumina, et juniperi fructus, l. e. juniperus communis, d. The fruit of J. Communis, (u.s.) The tops and fruit of (Juniperus Communis) Common Juni- per. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical diseases, those particularly which have been incurred through drunkenness, and its consequences. Dose, 9i.—3i- 0I" tne berries beat up with sugar, 2 or 3 times daily. Infusion of the tops, or the fruit (liii., to water Ixii.) are also serviceable, alone, or as vehicles, in some cases. oleum juniperi, u. s. l. e. d. The essential oil obtained from the fruit. Oil of Juniper. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as preceding. Dose, m. ii.—m. v. —m. x. spiritus juniperi compositus, u. s. l. e. d. Compound Spirit of Juniper. Prep.—Mix together juniper (berries) bruised Ixv., caraways bruised Iii., fennel seed bruised Iii., pf. spirit cong. i., and wa- ter Oii.; then at a slow fire distil cong. i., l.—or—Macerate dur- ing 2 days juniper berries bruised ibi., fennel bruised, and cara- way bruised, each liss., in pf. spirit Ovii. (diluted alcohol, cong. i., u. s.); then add water Oii., and distil off Ovii., u. s. e.—or— Macerate during 24 hours juniper berries bruised ibi., caraway seeds bruised, and fennel seeds bruised, each liss., in pf. spirit cong. i.; then add a sufficiency of water to prevent empyreuma, and distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) same as the above forms ; an agreeable contribu- tion to diuretic infusions. Dose, 3i-—3V'« Pareira, u. s. l. e. The root of Cissampelos Pareira. Pareira, Brava. Use.—(Intl.) in retention, &c, of urine; and diseases of the kidneys and bladder generally. Dose, 9i.—3i., powdered ; used chiefly in form of infusion. extractum pareira, l. e. Extract of Pareira Brava. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours pareira ibiiss., in boiling DIURETICS. 149 distilled water cong. ii. ; strain, and evaporate to proper thick- ness, l.—or—Prepare in same way as Ext. of Liquorice, q. v., e. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, grs. v.—3i. infusum pareira, l. e. Infusion of Pareira Brava. Prep.—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 2 hours pa- reira 3v'-» in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l. e.—(boiling water, simply, is ordered by the latter College.) Use.—(Intl.) in cases alluded to under Pareira, also employed in irritable condition of stomach. Dose, Ii.—liii., 2ce or 3ce daily. Potassa. potassa acetas, u. s. l. e. d. Acetate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical complaints. Dose, 9i.—^i., 2ce or .3ce daily, in solution. potassa bicarbonas, u. s. l. e. d. Bicarbonate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, and derangements of the urinary ap- paratus. Dose, grs. x.—3SS,» anu* upwards. potassa bitartras, u. s. l. e. d. Bitartrate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies. Dose, 3ss.—3"- POTASSA CARBONAS, U. S. L. E. POTASSA CARB. E LIXIVO cinere, D. Carbonate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical diseases, with the view of neutraliz- ing excess of uric acid in the urine. Dose, grs. x.—9ii.—3SS- POTASSA CARBONAS PURUS, U. S. POTASSA CARBONAS PUR- UM, E. POTASSA CARBONAS E TARTARI CRYSTALLIS, D. (A purer Carbonate than the last.) Pure Carbonate of Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) for same purpose as foregoing. LIQUOR POTASSA CARBONATIS, U. S. POTASSA CARBONATIS LIQUOR, L. POTASSA CARBONATIS AQUA, D. Solution of Carbonate of Potassa. Prep.—v. Antacids. Pareira. Potassa. R Ext. pareiras R Potassae acetatis Infusi pareiras M. f. haus- Infusi quassias tus (vel mistura). Aquas cinnamomi Aceti scillae Sp. aether, nit. M. f. haust. 13* 150 DIURETICS. Use.—(Intl.) see Potassae Carbonas. Dose, m. xx.—3i-> 3 or 4 times daily. potassa nitras, u. s. l. e. d.—(et) potassa nitras purifi- catum, d. Nitrate of Potassa. Saltpetre. Use.—(Intl.) in gonorrhoea, dropsy, Sic Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., repeated several times daily. Scilla, u.s. l. e. scilla maritima, d. The bulb of Scilla Mari- tima, (u. s.)—The recent bulb of Scilla Maritima, (l. d.)— . Squilla Maritima, (e.)—the Sea Onion, or Squill. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical diseases. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., of the fresh root; gr. i.—grs. iv., when dried; generally given in combination. acetum scilla, u. s. l. e. d. Vinegar of Squill. Prep.—Digest in close vessel 7 days, bruised squill liv., in distilled vinegar Oii; express, let dregs subside, pour off clear li- quid, add alcohol fli., u. s.—or—Macerate (at a gentle heat) in a covered glass vessel, during 24 hours, fresh dried squill Ixv., in distilled vinegar Ovi.; squeeze out the liquor, and let it stand, that the dregs may subside ; then add pf. spirit Oss., to the defascated liquor, l.—or—Macerate in a covered glass vessel during 7 days, Squill. R Pulvis scillas Ipecacuanhas Camphorae Pulv. antimonii comp. Ext. hyosciami Syrupi tolutan. M. F. massa asq., et divide in cap. R Scillas, pulv Hydrarg. chloridi mit. Opii Confec. rosas F. pi- lulas sumat quaque hora. R Scillas, pulv. Potass, nitrat. Sodas carb. exsic. Sacchari 01. anisi M. Con- tere bene et f. pulvis. R Scillas, pulv. Potassae bitart. Zingiberis Sit pul- vis quaque hora sumendus (in ascites). R Pulv. scillas Myrrhae Ext. hyosciami 01. anisi q. s. M. f. pilulas sumantur horis. R Aceti scillas Tr. jalapas Aq. menth. pip. F. haustus. R Scillas, pulv. Digitalis Ext. hyosci." M. divide in pil. R Aceti scillas Ipecacuanhas Aq. menth. viridis M. fiat haustus. DIURETICS. 151 dried squill (in small pieces) Iv., in distilled vinegar Oii.; strain and express ; then add pf. spirit liii.; and filler, e.—or—Mace- rate during 7 days (in a glass vessel) bulb of squill, cut and re- cently dried ibss., in distilled vinegar Oiii., frequently shaking them ; express the vinegar, and after the impurities have subsided, add rectif. spirit, by measure, liv., d. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies, and to form the following:— oxymel scilla, u. s. l. d. Oxymel of Squill. Prep.—Mix together vinegar of squill Oiss., (Oii., u. s.) and honey ibiii.; then (in a glass vessel) at a slow heat, boil down to proper consistence, u. s. l.—or—Boil in a glass vessel, at a slow fire, clarified honey ibiii., in vinegar of squill Oii., down to the thickness of syrup, d. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly employed as an adjunct to diuretic and other mixtures, Sic Dose, 3ss.—3iv- ? an^» syrupus scilla, u. s. e. Syrup of Squill. Prep.—Vinegar of squill Oi.; add sugar ibij., and proceed as for syrup, u. s.—or—Mix so as to dissolve (at a gentle heat, and with agitation) pure sugar powdered ibvii., in vinegar of squill Oiii. Use.—Very similar to the preceding in all respects. PILULA SCILLA COMPOSIT E, U. S. L. D. PILULA SCILLA, E. Connpound Pills of Squill. Prep.—Mix together powder of recently dried squill 3i<> gin- ger powdered 3ii-> ammoniac 3n-» then triturate them with soap 3iii. ; and add a sufficiency of syrup to give the whole due con- sistence^, (to be divided into 120 pills, u.s.)—or—Mix together squill finely powdered 5 parts, ammoniac and ginger in fine pow- der, each 4 parts ; then add Spanish soap 4 parts, and conserve of red roses 2 parts; and beat them all into uniform mass. Di- vide into grs. v. pills, e.—or—Mix together dried squill powdered 3i-> ginger-root powdered 3iii-> add gum-ammoniac 3'i'5 an(l hard soap 3iii-> and with syrup q. s. form pill mass of sufficient con- sistence, D. Use.—In hydrothorax, ascites, Sic Sic Dose, one to three pills, 2ce or 3ce daily; usually combined with digitalis, Sic R Tr. scillas Mistura camphorae M. Acidi nitrici dil. f. mistura. Ext. hyosciami R Tr. scillas Aquae M. f. haustus Sp. lavand. comp. in die sumendus. Aq. menth. pip. F. R Tr. scillas haustus. Sp. aetheris nitrici ■* 152 DIURETICS. pulvis scilla, d. Powder of Squill. Prep.—After being divested of its membranous integuments, squill bulb is cut into transverse slices, and dried by means of a slow heat; it is then reduced to powder, and kept in well-stop- pered bottles. Use.—-See Scilla, Sic tinctura scilla, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Squill. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days, fresh dried squill Iv. (liv. u. s.) in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—With squill roughly pow- dered Iv., and pf. spirit Oii., prepare this tincture by percolation, as directed for Tr. Cinchonas, but without firmly packing the pulp. It may likewise be made by digesting the sliced bulb, e. —or—Macerate during 7 days, bulb of squill dried liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; then set aside, and when the dregs have subsided, pour off the pure liquor, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as Squill, and its other preparations. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx.—3i*> in a bland fluid. ScopariuS, u. s. l. e. spartium scoparium, d. The tops of Cy- tisus Scoparius, (l. e.)—Spartium Scoparium, (d.) Com- mon Broom. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical diseases. Dose, 9i.—3'* > scarcely ever thus given. See the following:— DECOCTUM SCOPARII COMPOSITUM, L. DECOCTUM SCOPARII, E. Decoction of Broom. Prep.—Mix together and boil broom-tops, dandelion, and juni- per berries, each Iss., in distilled water Oiss., down to Oi.; strain, l.—or—Boil broom-tops, and juniper-tops, each Iss., with bitar- trate of potash 3iiss-> in water Oiss., down to Oi.; and then strain, e. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, Ii.—liii., 2ce or 3ce daily; the addition of bitartrate of potash (in formula of E. Ph.) is ad- vantageous. extractum spartii scoparii, d. Extract of Broom. Prep.—By same process as Ext. Hsematoxyli Campechiani, D. (v. page 69.) Use.—(Intl.) for same purposes as Scoparium. Dose, 3ss-~~" 3i., in pills ; but*rarely selected. Broom. Decoct, senegas R Decoct, scopar. Potassae acetatis Potassae acetatis Tr. serpentariae Sp. aether, nitrici haustus. Tr. lavandulae comp. M. R Decoct, scoparii f. haustus. Sp. juniperi comp. R Decoct, scoparii haustus. DIURETICS. 153 infusum scoparii, l. Infusion of Broom. Prep.—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 4 hours broom-tops Ii., in boiling distilled water Oi.: strain. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies. Dose, Ii.—Iii. This preparation (or the decoction above) may serve as a useful vehicle for other medicines of the present class. Senega, u. s. l. e. polygala senega, d. The root of Polygala Senega, Rattlesnake Milkwort. Senega Snake-root. Se- neka. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical affections. Dose, grs. x.—9i.—9ii., powdered ; scarcely ever selected ; the following is better:— decoctum senega, u. s. l. d. Decoction of Seneka. Prep.—Senega bruised Ii., boil in water Oiss., down to Oi.; and strain, u. s.—or—Boil senega-root 5*., in distilled water Oii., down to Oi.; strain, l.—or—Boil senega-root 3>ii-> in water ibiss., down to Iviii., and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same diseases as the last. Dose, Ii.—Iii., 2ce or 3ce daily. infusum senega, e. Infusion of Seneka. Prep.—Macerate in a covered vessel during 4 hours senega 3x., in boiling water Oi.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as the Decoction. Spiritus iEtheris Mtrici, u. s. l. e. spiritus athereus nitrosus, d. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. iEther Nitrosus is also given by the D. Ph. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies ; a valuable auxiliary to other medi- cines of the present class. Dose, m. xx.—5>- Senega. R Senegas Mucilag. tragacanth. q. s. Div. in pil. R Decocti senegas Oxvmellis seillae M., coch. ampl. omni bihorio sumendum. R Decoct, senegas Sp. juniperi comp. ---aetheris nit. Tr. scillae F. haustus. R Decoct, senegas Ammoniaci Syrupi tolu. M. f. mis- tura. Spirit of Nitric ^Ether. R Spir. aetheris nitrici Acidi nitrici diluti Infusi digitalis Aquas destillatae Syrupi zingiberis M. f. haustus. R Sp. aether, nitrici Misturas althaeas Svrupi ejusdem M. f. mistura. 154 DIURETICS. Tabacum, u. s. l. e. nicotian a tabacum, d. The leaves of Ni- coliana T. Tobacco. Virginian Tcbacco. Use.—For preparing the following:— infusum tabaci, u.s. d. Infusion of Tobacco. Prep.—Digest in a covered vessel during 1 hour tobacco leaves 3i.» in boiling water Oi.; and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) has sometimes been employed for diuretic pur- poses ; but from its energetic action (however applied to the system), it should be resorted to as seldom as possible, even in cases of extremest urgency. Dose, m. xv.—9i., gradually up- wards. Taraxacum, u. s. l. e. leontodon taraxacum, d. The root, (l.) —the herb and root, (d.)—of Leontodon Taraxacum, com- mon Dandelion. The root of T. Dens Leonis, (e.) Dande- lion. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical affections, where tonic, deobstruent, and alterative treatment is wanted. The root has sometimes been taken roasted, or dried and reduced to powder; but the following forms are preferable :— decoctum taraxaci, u. s. e. d. Decoction of Dandelion. Prep.—Boil dandelion-root Iii., in water Oii., down to Oi., and strain, u.s.—or—Boil together taraxacum herb and root fresh Ivii., and water Oii., down to Oi. ; and then strain, e.—or—Boil recent herb and root of dandelion liv., in water ibii., down to ibi.; filter the expressed liquor, d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases alluded to under the^ foregoing. Dose, Ii.—Iii., 3 or 4 times daily. extractum taraxaci, l. e. d. Extract of Dandelion. Prep.—Prepared in mode directed for Ext. Gent., u.s.—or— Macerate during 24 hours dandelion-root ibiiss., in boiling dis- tilled water cong. ii., then boil down to cong. i.; strain while hot; evaporate to proper consistence, l.—or—With fresh root of ta- raxacum ibi., and boiling water cong i., proceed in the manner directed for preparing Ext. of Poppy heads, e.—or—Prepare by same process as for Ext. Haematox. Campech. (v. page 69), d. Use.—(Intl.) see Taraxacum above. Dose, 3ss.—3vi., and upwards, as pills; or dissolved in the foregoing, or other decoc- tions, &c.; also much employed in enemata. Terebinthina. terebinthina canadensis, u. s. l. balsamum canadense, e. d. The juice of Abies balsamea, (u.s.) The liquid DIURETICS. 155 resin obtained from Pinus Balsamea, (l. d.)—from Abies balsamea, (e.) Canadian Turpentine. Canada Balsam. Use.—(Intl.) in gleets, leucorrhoea, dropsies. Dose, 9ss.—^\., as emulsion, or bolus. terebinthina chia, l. e. d. The liquid resin obtained from Pistacia Terebinthus. Chian, or Cyprus Turpen- tine. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, 3ss.—3i-? as bolus, or emulsion with yolk of egg, or acacia mixture. terebinthina oleum, u.s. l. e. d. Oil of Turpentine. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsical complaints, gleet, Sic Dose, m. x. —m. xl., 3 or 4 times daily. terebinthina oleum purificatum, l. e. Terebinth. Oleum Purificatum, d. Purified Oil of Turpentine. Use.—(Intl.) identical with the preceding. TEREBINTHIN.E VULGARIS, L. PINUS SYLVESTRIS, D. The liquid resin of Pinus Sylvestris, l. d.—(The Edin. Ph. considers this resin the product of various species of Pinus and Abies.) Common European Turpentine. Use.—(Intl.) has the same properties as the above oil (which it affords), but scarcely ever employed internally. Ulmus, l. ulmus campestris, d. Elm. (v. Alteratives.) Use.—Employed in the following form :— decoctum ulmi, l. d. Decoction of Elm. Prep.—At page 31. Use.—(Intl.) in dropsies ; it possesses slight efficacy. Dose, liv.—Iviii., repeated 2ce or 3ce daily. Uva Ursi, u. s. l. e. d. Uva Ursi. (v. Astringents.) Use.—(Intl.) in urinary disorders. Dose, grs. xv.—5'-> pow- dered. decoctum uva ursi, l. Decoction of Uva Ursi. Prep.—See page 78. Use.—(Intl.) in diabetes, and other diseases of any or all of the urinary organs, especially where attended with purulent or other discharges. Dose, liss.—liii., 3 or 4 times daily. extractum uva ursi, l. Extract of Uva Ursi. Prep.—v. Astringents. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, grs. v.—9i. 156 EMETICS. EMETICS. Ammonia! Carbonas, u. s. e. d. ammonia sesquicarbonas, l. Car- bonate of Ammonia. Use.—(Intl.) to empty the stomach, in cases where employ- ment of ammonia would not be prejudicial. Dose, 3ss., dissolved in some bland liquid, (very rarely selected.) Ammonia; Hydrosulphuretum, d. Hydrosulphuret of Ammonia. Use.—(Intl.) in diabetes mellitus—from supposition of its effi- cacy in diminishing the activity of the digestive organs in said disease. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x. (in water Iviii.) 3 or 4 times a day. Anthemis, u. s. l. e. anthemis nobilis, d. The flowers of A. Nobilis, (u. s.) The simple flowers of Anthemis Nobilis. Common Chamomile. Use.—(Intl.) to form the following:— DECOCTUM CHAMAMELI COMPOSITUM,.D. Compound DeCOC- tion of Chamomile. Prep.—Boil during a short time, chamomile flowers dried Iss., fennel seeds 3ii'» in water Oi.; and strain. Use.—(Intl.) to assist the action of more decided emetics. Dose, liv., and upwards (taken warm), and repeated as occasion may require. It is employed cold, and in smaller doses, as a to- nic, &c. EXTRACTUM ANTHEMIDIS, E. EXT. CHAMAMELI, D. Extract of Chamomile. Prep.—Boil together chamomile ibi., in water cong. i., down to Oiv., filter the liquor while hot; evaporate in the vapour-bath to proper consistence, e.—or—Proceed in same way as for Ext. Haemat. Campech., d. Use.—(Intl.) may be employed as a vehicle and auxiliary to other medicines of the present class—in pills, &c. Dose, grs. x. —3i., 2ce or 3ce daily. INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS, tr. S. L. E. INFUSUM CHAMAMELI, D. Infusion of Chamomile. Prep.—Infuse chamomile Iss., in boiling water Oi., for ten mi- nutes, and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate in a lightly-covered vessel, during 10 minutes, chamomile %v., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Infuse in a covered vessel, during 20 minutes, chamomile 3V«> in boiling distilled water Oi. ; and then strain, e. EMETICS. 157 —or—Digest in a covered vessel, during 24 hours, chamomile flowers 3ii., in boiling water Oss.; strain through linen, d. Use.—(Intl.) employed precisely as the decoction, q. v. Antimonii et Potassse-Tartras, u. s. antimonii potassio-tartras, l. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM, E. ANTIMONII ET POTASSA TAR- TRAS, sive tartarum emeticum, D. Tartar Emetic. Use.—(Intl.) as an effective means of evacuating the stomach, on the accession of inflammatory febrile complaints. Dose, gr. i.—grs. iv.; best in solution. antimonii oxidum, e. antimonii oxydum nitro-muriaticum, d. Nitro-muriatic Oxide of Antimony. Powder of Al- garoth. Use.—(Intl.) might be employed as a substitute for James's Powder, or for the following:— VINUM ANTIMONII, U. S. VINUM ANTIMONII POTASSIO-TAR.TRA- tis, l. vinum antimoniale, e. Antimonial Wine. Prep.—See Diaphoretics. Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory and febrile diseases. Dose, a teaspoonful every few minutes, till vomiting is induced ; given to the extent of Iss.—liss. liquor tartari emetici, d. Antimonial Wine. Prep.—v. at page 133. Use.—Same as foregoing; and contains the same proportion of tartrate of antimony. [Apocynum Androsrcmifolium, u. s. The root. Dogsbane. Use.—(Intl.) the powder acts on the stomach in doses of grs. xx.—grs. xxx.; in smaller, grs. x.—d'\., it is said to be a useful tonic. Asclcpias Incarnata, u. s. The Root. Flesh-colored Asclepias. Use.—(Intl.) the powder has been used in doses grs. xx.—grs. xxx., as an emetic and cathartic] Asarum, l. asarum europeum, d. The leaves of A. Europaeum. European Asarabacca. Use.—(Intl.) produces vomiting; but never selected by modern medical practitioners for this purpose. Dose, d'i.—3ss. (of the leaves or root) powdered. Before the virtues of Ipecacuanha, or of the salts of Antimony were accredited, Asarum held an im- portant place among the remedies of the present class. 14 100 EMETICS. Cupri Snlphas, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Copper. Use.—(Intl.) in incipient phthisis; to evacuate the stomach in cases where narcotic vegetable poisons have been recently swal- lowed. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv., dissolved in water Iii. (sulphas zinci will be found to act with more decision.) [Erythionium, u. s. The root and herb. Erythronium. Use.—(Intl.) both the recent bulb and leaves act as efficient emetics, but lose their activity on drying. Dose, of root grs. xx. —grs. xxx.] Enphorbium, l. e. euphorbia canariensis, d. The gum-resin obtained from Euphorbia officinarum, (l.)—from undeter- mined species of Euphorbia, (e.)—from Euphorb. Canarien- sis, (d.) Euphorbium. The Officinal Spurge. Use.—Produces vomiting, but is too acrid, and acts too ener- getically for internal employment. [euphorbia corollata, u. s. The root of E. Corollata. Large flowering Spurge. Use.—(Intl.) acts with certainty on the stomach, and usually on the bowels. Dose, as an emetic, grs. x.—grs. xx., as a ca- thartic, grs. iij.—grs. x.—(Extl.) the fresh root bruised and ap- plied to the skin, will vesicate. euphorbia ipecacuanha, u. s. The root of E. Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha Spurge. Use.—(Intl.) Acts powerfully on the stomach, and often on the bowels ; in small doses diaphoretic. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv., as an emetic. Gillenia, u. s. The root of G. Trifoliata. Gillenia. Use.—(Intl.) mild and efficient, sometimes acts on the bowels ; a good substitute for ipecacuanha. Dose, grs. xx.__grs. xxx.] Ipecacuanhae, u. s. l. e. cephalis ipecacuanha, d. The root of Cephaslis Ipecacuanha. Ipecacuanha. Use.—(Intl.) in many diseases, where emptying the stomach, as well as expectorant action, is desired; as in croup, bronchitis, pertussis ; the onset of febrile, and some inflammatory complaints, &c. &c. Dose, grs. xv.—3SS- Ipecacuan. R Ipecacuan., pulv. R Ipecacuanhas Vini ipecacuanhas Antimonii et potassas-tart. Aquas F. haustus emetic. M. f. pulvis emeticus. EMETICS. 159 vinum ipecacuanha, u. s. l. e. d. Wine of Ipecacuanha. Prep.—v. page 138. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, 3iv.—Ii.; for young pa- tients a teaspoonful, (repeated every * hour if necessary.) Lobelia, u. s. l. e. The herb of Lobelia Inflata, Indian Tobacco. Lobelia. Use.—(Intl.) as an emetic and expectorant in spasmodic asthma; coughs attending phthisis pulmonalis, Sic, which are dependent on accumulation of mucus. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xx., powdered. tinctura lobelia, u. s. e. Tincture of Lobelia. Prep.—v. at page 56. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, 3ii-—3iv- tinctura lobelia atherea, e. Ethereal Tincture of Lo- belia. Prep.—See under Antispasmodics. Use.—(Intl.) similar in action to preceding, but chiefly em- ployed for antispasmodic purposes ; this being a much more ener- getic tincture than the foregoing, it is employed chiefly as an antispasmodic. [Phytolacca Radix, u. s. The root of Phytolacca decandra. Poke- root. Use.—(Intl.) the powder acts as an emetic, but very slowly, and operates on the bowels, also causes some narcotic effects; in small doses is alterative. Dose, as an emetic gr. x.—grs. xxx.,.as alterative gr. i.—grs. v.] [Sanguinaria, u. s. The rhizoma of S. Canadensis. Blood-root. Use.—(Intl.) an acrid emetic, and in large doses acro-narcotic, has been given as emetic, nauseant and alterative, in diseases of R Ipecacuanhas Oxymel scillas Syrupi Syrupi tolu. M. f. mis- Aquae F. mistura tura, cujus sumat cochl. sumat partem tertiam om- tuss. urg. (in hooping ni quadrante horae donee cough.) supervenerit vomitus. R Ipecacuanhas R Ipecacuanhas, rad. contus. Sacchari, purif. Div. Sennas in chartulas de Aquae, bullientis Ma- quibus sumat unam quar- cera per horas duas, et ta q. q. parte horas, donee liquori colat. adde emesis supervenerit. iou EMETICS. the chest, jaundice, Sic Dose as emetic grs. x.—grs. xx., in pill, as nauseant gr. i.—grs. v. (Extl.) acts on fungous surfaces as escharotic. tinctura sanguinaria, u. s. Tincture of Blood-root. Prep.—Blood-root bruised liv., diluted alcohol Oii.; macerate 14 days, express and filter. Use.—(Intl.) as above. Dose, as emetic f3iii-—f3iv«» as ex pectorant or alterative gtts. xxx.—Ii.] Scilla, u. s. l. e. scilla maritima, d. Squill, (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Intl.) will produce vomiting if given to the following amount. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv. (of dried bulb) powdered ; but never selected for emetic purposes. oxymel scilla, u. s. l. d. Oxymel of Squill—(and) sy- rupus scilla, u. s. e. Syrup of Squill. Prep, of both—vide under Diuretics. Use.—(Intl.) sometimes employed to empty the stomach of young patients. Dose, 3i-, or more. Sinapis, u.s. l. sinapi, e. The seeds of S. Nigra and S. Alba, (u.s.) sinapis nigra, d. The seeds of S. Nigra, (l.) Flour from the seeds of S. Nigra (generally mixed with those of S. Alba), and freed from fixed oil by expression, (e.) Powder from the seeds of S. Nigra, (d.) (the latter college gives also Sinapis Alba, White Mustard seeds.) Mus- tard. Use.—(Intl.) to induce vomiting in some cases of paralysis, &c. Dose, 3ii.—Iii. (of the bruised seed, or the powder) dif- fused in tepid water. Tabacum, u. s. l. e. nicotiana tabacum, d. Tobacco, (v. Diu- retics.) Use.—To form the following:— infusum tabaci, u. s. d. Infusion of Tobacco. Prep.—See Diuretics.- Use.—(Extl.) applied to the epigastrium to induce vomiting in extreme cases, where the usual emetics have proved unavailing. Veratmm Album, u. s. d. veratrum, l. e. White Hellebore, (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) only in urgent cases where drastic action of the stomach is required. Dose, gr. i.—grs. v.; more employed as a remedy for pediculi, Sic; or as an errhine. emmenagogues. 161 vinum veratri, l. Wine of White Hellebore. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days veratrum sliced Iviii. (liv., u. s.), in sherry wine Oii. (Oi., u. s.); and strain. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, m. v.—m. xx. Zinei Sulphas, u.s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Zinc. Use.—(Intl.) to evacuate the stomach expeditiously; especially serviceable in numerous cases of poisoning. Dose, grs. x.—9i., dissolved in water. EMMENAGOGUES. Aloe, u. s. l. e. d. Aloes, (v. varieties under Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, Sic. Dose, grs. v.— 9i. Most of the preparations of Aloe may be used as remedies of the present class. They will be found on page 87, et seq. Assafffitida, v. s. l. e. d. Assafcetida. (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, hysterical affections. Dose, grs. Sulphate of Zinc R R Zinci sulphatis Aquae destil. F. haus- tus, quamprimum sumen- dus, (in commencement of intermittent fever pa- R roxysm; or in cases of poisons having been taken into the stomach.) R Zinci sulphatis Conservas rosae q. s. Ut f. bolus, ex pauxillo infus. anthemidis hauriendus; R post quamlibet vomitio- nem superbibantur cyathi aliquot infusi ejusdem te- pidi. R Aloe. R Ext. aloes purif. Pil. galbani comp. Di- vide in pil. nocte maneque sumendas. 14* Aloes, pulv. Pilulas ferri comp. hydrarg. F. quo- pil. tidie capiendas Aloes socot. Tere bene cum Mastich. Ext. gentianas Massas pil. galbani comp. 01. anisi q. s. fiant pilulas h. s. sumendas. Aloes, pulv. Myrrhas, pulv. M. f. pulvis. Assafcetida. Assafcetidae Saponis 01. foeniculi F. massa in pil. distribuenda. 162 emmenagogues. v.—grs. xxv. The whole of the preparations of assafcetida (those for internal exhibition) may be employed as emmenagogues ; they are inserted under Antispasmodics. Cantharis, u. s. l. e. cantharis vesicatoria, d. Spanish Fly. (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, chlorosis, leucorrhoea. Dose, gr. ss.—gr. i. Castoreum, u. s. l. e. castor fiber, d. Castor, (v. Antispas- modics.) Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, &c, uterine obstructions. Dose,3ss. —3ii«> in bolus, pills; powdered, or as mixture. TINCTURA CASTOREI, U. S. L. E. TR. CASTOREI ROSSICI, D. Tincture of Castor. Prep.—See Antispasmodics. Use.—(Intl.) in chlorotic diseases, &c. Dose, 3ss.—3"- > a remedy of small reliance. tinctura castorei ammoniata, e. Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. Prep.—v. Antispasmodics. Use.—(Intl.) in cases alluded to under Castor ; and is prefer- able to the preceding. Dose, m. xx.—3ii. Ergota, u. s.l. e. acinulaclavus. Spurred Rye. Ergot. Nume- rous suppositions have been offered in description of Ergota. The following opinion seems the most probable:—that it is a morbid development consequent on the presence of a para- sitic plant in rye, and others of the gramineas. Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv. R Misturae assafoet. R Assafcetidae Tr. Valerianae comp. Ammonia; acetatis ---castorei Aq. menth. pulegii M. iEther. sulphurici Dos. Aquae menth. pip. M. ' Ergot fiat mistura (in hysteria). R Ergotas, pulv. B ^ssaf(Et- . Misturae acacias Ipecacuanhas Aq. aurantii AClliaB „. 4 .. , Syrupi limon. F. mis- Aquas q. s. Fiant pilulas tura, cujug ^ w ex quibus sum. ampl. emmenagogues. 163 Ferrum, u. s. l. d. ferri limatura et ferri filum, e. Iron filings, (v. Anthelmintics.) Use.—(Intl.) in chlorosis, hysteria, Sic Dose, grs. v.—3SS« All the preparations of iron are tonic, and consequently may, when otherwise suitable, be used as remedies of the present class ; these are given under Tonics. Galbanum, u. s. l. e.^>. Galbanum. (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Intl.) in uterine obstructions associated with hysteria, chlorosis. Dose, grs. v.—9i., 2ce or 3ce daily. pilula galbani composita, u. s. l. d. Compound Galba- num Pills. Prep.—v. page 50. Use.—Same as foregoing. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xx. tinctura galbani, d. Tincture of Galbanum. Prep.—See Antispasmodics. Use.—(Intl.) as a contribution to liquid remedies of the present class. Dose, 3i-—3ui- [Hedeoma, u. s. Penny Royal, (v. Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) the warm infusion taken in a large dose at bed- time, the feet being previously bathed in hot water, often is of be- nefit in recent cases of suppressed menstruation.] Hellcboms, u.s. l. e. helleborus niger, d. Black Hellebore. (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, &c. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. v., 2ce or 3ce daily. TINCTURA HELLEBORI, U. S. L. TINCTURA HELLEBORI NIGRI, d. Tincture of Black Hellebore. Prep.—Macerate, during 14 days, hellebore bruised Iv. (liv., u. s.), in pf. spirit (diluted alcocol, u. s.) Oii.; strain, l.—or—Ma- Iron. Magnesias sulphat. R Ferri sulphatis Infusi quassias F. haustus PI. aloes c. myrrha Tere ter in die sumendus (in et div. in pil. asq. quas chlorosis). sumat nocte maneque. R Ferri subcarb. R Ferri limituras Valerianae, pulv. F. pulvis Hellebori (in hysteria). Ext. gentianas R Ferri sulphatis Syrupi croci q. s. Divide Assafcetidae in pilulas ex quibus. Misturae acacias M. f. R Ferri sulphat. pil. 164 EMMENAGOGUES. cerate, during 7 days, black hellebore-root in rough powder liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, Sic, in females of full habit, where employment of stimulating tonic emmenagogues might be improper. Dose, a teaspoonful once or twice daily. Iodinum, u. s. iodinium, l. d. iodineum, e. Iodine. [Iodine, as obtained in commerce, being armost always adulte- rated with variable proportions of water, and being consequently unfit for making pharmaceutic preparations of fixed and uniform strength, it must be dried by being placed in a shallow basin of earthen-ware, in a small, confined space of air, with ten or twelve times its weight of fresh-burnt lime, till it scarcely adheres to the inside of a dry bottle. Edin. Ph.] Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, &c. Dose, grs.1— grs. iv., as pill. The tincture of Iodine, Iodide of Iron, and other preparations of iodine, may be serviceable as remedies of the present class ; they will be found under class Alteratives. [Juniperus Virginiana, u. s. The Tops. Red Cedar. Use.—(Intl.) has much the same properties as Savine, but is less active; as an emmenagogue, it is given in infusion (red cedar 3Hm boiling water Oss). Dose, fliss.—fjiii.] Rosmarinus, u. s. l. e. Rosmarinus officinalis, d. The tops of R. Officinalis. Rosemary. Use.—(Intl.) in chlorotic cases, and amenorrhoea. Dose, grs. x. —3ss-» powdered; scarcely ever applied to said purposes. OLEUM ROSMARINI, U. S. L. E. OLEUM RORISMARINI, D. The essential oil obtained from the foregoing. Oil of Rose- mary. Use.—(Intl.) formerly valued as an emmenagogue, Sic, but scarcely ever now employed thus, or for any other internal.pur- pose. Dose, m.ii.—m. vi., triturated with a little sugar. (Extl.) as an agreeable perfuming addition to liniments, Sic SPIRITUS ROSMARINI, U. S. L. E. SPIRITUS RORISMARINI, D. Spirit of Rosemary. Prep.—Oil of rosemary 3ii. (by weight), alcohol cong. j., wa- ter Oj.; mix, and distil off cong-. j. by a slow fire, u. s.—or—Mix together oil of rosemary 3h\» rectif. spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; then with a slow fire distil cong. i., l.—or—With rosemary ibiiss., proceed as for Sp. of Lavender, e.—or—With fresh rose- emmenagogues. 165 mary tops ibiss., and pf. spirit cong. i., distil ibv. at a moderate heat, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Rosmarinus. Dose, 3i.—Iss., as a stimulant. (Extl.) added to lotions, &c, chiefly to impart to these its agree- able odour. Ruta, u. s. l. e. ruta graveolens, d. The leaves, (l. d.) and unripe fruit, (e.) of R. Graveolens. Rue. Use.—(Intl.) in hysteria, dysmenorrhcea, amenorrhoea, &c. Dose, grs. x.—9ii., in powder; (has stimulating, tonic, antispas- modic properties.) CONFECTIO RUTA, L. CONSERVA RUTA, D. Confection of Rue. Prep.—Mix together, then rub to fine powder, dried rue, cara- way and bay berries, each liss., sagapenum Iss., and black pep- per 3ii.; when the confection is to be used, add honey Ixvi.; and mix thoroughly, l.—or—Triturate to fine powder, rue leaves, caraway seeds, and laurel berries, each liss., sagapenum Iss., black pepper 3ii.; then add clarified honey Ixvi.; and mix them together, d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing;—this preparation is more service- able as an antidote to flatulent colics of infants. Dose, 3SS-— 3iss. EXTRACTUM FOLIORUM RUTA, D. Extract of Rue. Prep.—By same process as Ext. haematox. campech. Use.— (Intl.) intended as a convenient form for exhibiting rue, but the essential oil, on which its activity depends, is dissipated in the process required for obtaining this preparation; it can, therefore, only be regarded as a bitter of no great value. Dose, grs. x.—B'i., in pills, or dissolved; may serve as a vehicle or basis for other medicines. oleum ruta, e. d. The volatile oil obtained from Ruta Graveolens. Oil of Rue. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as Rue. Dose, m. ii.—in. v., drop- ped on, or rubbed up with, sugar. Sabina, u. s. l. e. juniperus sabina, d. The tops (e.), both fresh and dried (l. d.), of Juniperus Sabina. Common Sa- vine. Use.—(Intl.) in amenorrhoea, especially of chlorotic patients. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x. (from its irritant, energetic action, must be employed with greatest caution.) 166 EMOLLIENTS. oleum sabina, u. s. e. d. The essential oil obtained from foregoing. Oil of Savine. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, m. ii.—m. iv. on su- gar, or mixture of acacia; a very stimulating, and acrid remedy. Senega, u.s. l. e. polygala senega, d. Seneka. (v. Diu- retics.) Use.—(Intl.) in dysmenorrhcea ; should be given ten days or a fortnight before each expected menstrual term. Dose, grs. x.— 9ii., powdered. Rarely employed; it acts as a (stimulating) de- obstruent, expectorant, and purgative. Sinapis, u. s. l. sinapi, e. sinapis nigra, (et S. Alba) d. (v. Emetics.) Mustard. Use.—(Intl.) in chlorosis, &c. Dose, 3ss.—Iss. of the seeds. EMOLLIENTS. Adeps, u. s. l. axungia, e. adeps suillus, d. The prepared Lard (l.)—the Fat (e. d.) of Sus Scrofa. Hog's Lard. Axunge. Use*—As a simple dressing to superficial sores, abrasions, Sic, also valuable as a basis for ointments, cerates, Sic ADEPS SUILLUS PRAPARATUS, D. Lard. Prep.—Both prepared by being cut in pieces, and melted at a Savine. R Sabinae, pulv. Zingiberis Potassae sulphatis Div. in chartulas quarum capiend. in die. R 01. sabinae — rutae Syrupi Aq. aurantii F. haustus. R Sabinae Ext. anthemidis Ferri oxidi nigri Aloes F. massa, in pil. distribuend., quar. capiendae pro dosi. Mustard. R Sinap., contus. Lact. vac. Coquantursi- mul donee parscasearia in coagulum abierit, deinde coletur serum, et hujus sumatur cyathus subinde. R Sinapeos, contus. Armoracias Aquae, ferv. Macera per horam, et cola. EMOLLIENTS. 167 moderate heat; then pressed through linen. Lard (of the shops) usually contains salt, from this it will be freed by being melted in boiling water, stirring all the while ; then removing the lard when the mixture cools. Amygdalae Oleum, u.s. l. oleum amygdalarum, d. Oil of Al- monds. Use.—By itself, or as a component of liniments and ointments in cases where unirritating applications are required. Calx. linimentum calcis, u. s. e. d. Liniment of Lime Water. (Carron Oil.) Prep.—Mix and shake well together linseed oil, and lime wa- ter aa, e.—or—Proceed in same way with lime water, and olive oil, each (by measure) liii., d. Use.—A long celebrated defensative application for burns, and scalds, of various degrees; it is considered also serviceable as a preventive of contraction in parts so injured, and in this view is often employed after cicatrisation. Cera, l. cera flava, u. s. e. d. A concrete, (l.) waxy secre- tion, (e.) prepared by, and derived from Apis Mellifica (the Bee). Bee's Wax. Yellow Wax. Use.—To form the following:— cera alba, u.s. l. e. d. The foregoing when bleached. White Wax. Use.—(Intl.) has been employed in diarrhoea, dysentery, as emulsion (thus:—melt white wax grs. xv.—grs. xx., in a small quantity of olive oil, rub this up with the yolk of an egg; then add gruel Iii.—liii.) Wax is chiefly serviceable in composition of ointments, cerates, &c.; the following are examples :— UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX, U. S. E. CERATUM, L. UNGUENT. CERA alba, d. Simple Ointment. Prep.—White wax ibi.. lard ibiv.; melt at a moderate heat, and stir till cold, u. s.—or—Melt wax liv., and then add to it olive oil liv. ; mix, l.—or—Melt white wax Iii., in olive oil Ivss.; stir smartly while the mixture concretes on cooling, e.— or—Take white wax ibi., and prepared lard ibiv., and let them be formed into an ointment, d. Use.—A soft, bland dressing for excoriations, healthy ulcers, &c.; much employed as a basis for active medicines suited to ointment purposes. 168 EMOLLIENTS. EMPLASTRUM CERA, L. EMPLASTRUM SIMPLEX, E. W aX Plaster. Prep.—Melt together wax, and suet, each ibiii., resin Ibi.; strain, l.—or—Melt together at moderate heat bees'-wax liii., suet, and resin, each Iii.; stir the mixture smartly until it con- cretes on cooling, e. Use.—A mild preparation ; employed chiefly as a basis for ointments, plasters, Sic linimentum simplex, e. Simple Liniment. Prep.—Dissolve at a gentle heat white wax 1 part, in olive oil 4 parts ; agitate well as the melted mass cools and concretes. Use.—Wherever an unguent application of the blandest kind is requisite. unguentum cera flava, d. Simple Ointment. Prep.—Proceed with yellow wax in same way as for unguent. cerae albae (v. above). Use.—Same as Ointment of white wax. Cetaceum, u. s. l. e. d. Spermaceti, (v. Demulcents.) Use.—To form the following cerate and ointment prepara- tions :— CERATUM CETACEI, U. S. L. CERATUM SIMPLEX, E. UNGUENT- UM cetacei, d. Spermaceti Cerate. Prep.—Spermaceti Ii., white wax liii., olive oil flvi., melt the spermaceti and wax together, add the oil previously heated, stir till cool, u. s.—or—Melt together spermaceti Iii., and white wax Iviii.; add olive oil Oi.; and stir with a spatula till they are cool, l.—or—Gently heat olive oil 6 parts, add spermaceti 1 part, and white wax 3 parts ; stir briskly when it is fluid, and continue the agitation as it cools, e.—or—Melt together white wax ibss., spermaceti ibi., and prepared lard ibiii.; stir whilst concreting, with a wooden rod, d. Use.—A valuable application for sores, blistered surfaces, Sic, where softening and cooling effects are desired; it also forms a basis for active remedies of the ointment kind. unguentum cetacei, l. Spermaceti Ointment. Prep.—Melt together at a slow heat spermaceti 3vi., white wax 3ii-> olive oil liii.; stir until the whole becomes cold. Use.—Similar to the preceding, but, from its softer consistence, is sometimes a more appropriate application for sores, burns, scalds, Sic, when they are of wide extent. emollients. 169 Dauci Radix, u.s. l. e. daucus carota, d. Carrot, (v. Demul- cents.) Use.—To form poultices such as the following :— cataplasma dauct, d. Carrot Cataplasm. Prep.—Boil common carrot-root q. s., in water until it be soft enough to form a poultice. Use.—As a soothing, corrective application to foul sores, can- cerous ulcers. Farina, l. e. The flour of the seeds of Triticum hybernum, (l.) —from Triticum Vulgare, (e.) Flour. Use.—Dusted over burns and scalds, and surfaces affected with erysipelas : the doughy part of bread made from flour is a suitable basis for some pills; the terra mica panis has been applied to it when so used. The value of bread in preparing cataplasms, and in forming toast-and-water drink for patients, is familiarly known. Gossypium, e. The hairs attached to the seeds of G. Herbaceum and other species of the genus. Raw Cotton. Use.—Placed in layers over burnt, scalded, and erysipelatous surfaces; cotton and flour together will be found highly service- able in numerous cases. Lini Farina, e. The meal obtained by grinding the mass which remains after expression of the fixed oil from Lini Semina. Flaxseed Meal. Use.—To form extemporaneous emollient cataplasms, and the following:— pulvis pro cataplasmate, d. Powder for a Cataplasm. Prep.—Mix together the linseed remaining after the oil has been expressed 1 part, and oatmeal 2 parts. Use.—For preparation of poultices, especially the following :— cataplasma simplex, d. Simple Cataplasm. Prep.—Take (of the foregoing) powder for cataplasm q. s., and boiling water enough to form a poultice, which is to be anointed, while hot, with olive oil. Use.—As an application to irritable ulcers, inflamed and swelled parts, &c. cataplasma lini, l. Flaxseed Meal Cataplasm. Prep.—Mix together boiling water Oi., and linseed powdered q. s. to form a poultice of proper consistence. Use.—An excellent application in all cases where a bland cata- plasm is required. 15 170 EMOLLIENTS. lini oleum, u. s. l. e. d. Flaxseed Oil- Use.—v. Demulcents; it proves an efficient contribution to clysters of the present class in cases of flatulent colic, Sic. Sic ; an ingredient in the linimentum calcis. Olivae Oleum, u. s. l. e. olea europcea, d. Olive Oil. (v. De- mulcents.) Use.—(Intl.) to defend the stomach, Sic, from action of acrid matters that may have been swallowed. (Extl.) employed in formation of various liniment and ointment applications. Ovum, l. e. The egg of Phasianus Gallus. Use.—The fluid contents of the common hen's egg are the yolk, and the white; both are bland and emollient, and are used in pharmacy—chiefly to render resinous and oily matters miscible with water. Sambucus, l. e. sambucus nigra, d. Elder, (v. Cathartics.) Use.—To form the following:— unguentum sambuci, l. d. Ointment of Elder Flowers. Prep.—Boil together elder flowers, and lard, each ibii., till they become crisp ; then squeeze through linen, l.—or—Boil (until they become crisp) fresh leaves of elder ibiii., in prepared lard ibiv., and prepared mutton suet ibii.; strain through a sieve, d. Use.—In cases for which spermaceti ointment miget be suita- able; the present preparation is sometimes preferred on account of its agreeable odour. Sevum, u. s. l. e. adeps ovillus, d. The prepared suet of Ovis Aries, (v. s.)—the suet, (l.)—the fat, (e.)—of Ovis Aries. Mutton Suet, (d.) Suet Use.—In formation of ointments, plasters, Sic [Ulmus, u. s. (v. Demulcents.) Use.—The powder made into a poultice with hot water, or the bark well softened by soaking.] Verbascum Thapsus. d. Great broad-leaved Mullein. Use.—As a soothing fomentation chiefly; the boiled leaves have sometimes been employed as cataplasm. EPISPASTICS. 171 EPISPASTICS. (Including Detergent, Rubefacient, Vesicatory, and Escharotic applications.) Acidum Acetkum, u. s. l. e. d. Acetic Acid. Use.—(Extl.) as a rubefacient, and vesicant in croup and other cases, where immediate counter-irritation is demanded (evapora- tion must be prevented when the acid is so employed); and as an escharotic for removal of cutaneous excrescences. Allium, u. s. l. e. allium sativum, d. The bulb of A. Sativum. Garlic. Use.—(Extl.) applied to the soles of the feet in some fevers ; and behind the ears in inflammation of the ear—in form of poul- tice, or the bulb simply bruised. [Alnmen Exsiccatum, u. s. l. e. alumen siccatum, d. Dried or Burnt Alum. Prep.—Melt alum in a vessel over the fire, till it becomes dry, then rub into powder. Use.—As a mild escharotic for destroying fungous flesh.] Ammonia. U. S. E. D. AMMONIA HYDROCHLORAS, L. <.».u..u.w v,. ^.. j.onia, (u.s. d.) Hydrochlorate of Am- monia, (l. e.) Sal-ammoniac. Use.—As a counter-irritant in rheumatic affections, especially of the joints, (housemaid's knee, &/c.); tedious swellings ; some chest complaints; it is frequently employed in form of plaster (say 3ss. of sal-ammoniac, added to soap Ii., and lead plaster 3ii.—the latter melted together,) it should always be recently pre- pared, when thus used. Liquor Ammoniac Fortior, u. s. ammonia liquor fortior, l. aqua ammonia fortior, e. Stronger Solution of Ammonia. Use.—(Extl.) in cases of deep-seated inflammation; a piece of blotting-paper, or of cloth, wetted with the above (diluted with Ammonia. 01. terebinth, purif. R Ammonias liquoris — limon. Agita 01. olivas simul donee misceantur. 172 EPISPASTICS. water, or mixed with oil) will act either as rubefacient, or vesi- cant. LIQUOR AMMONIA, U. S. L. AQUA AMMONIA, E. AQUA AMMO- NIA caustica, d. Water of Ammonia. Use.—(Extl.) same as foregoing, differing only in original strength. linimentum ammonia, u. s. l. e. d. Liniment of Ammonia. Prep.—v. under Stimulants. Use.—As a rubefacient application in rhematism, some glandu- lar enlargements, cynanche tonsillaris ; bruises, sprains, &c. &c.; it is best to spread the liniment thinly over a suitable piece of flannel, and place this on the affected part. linimentum ammonia compositum, e. Compound Liniment of Ammonia. Prep.—v. class Stimulants. Use.—In same cases as preceding,—the camphor of the present preparation adds considerably to the stimulating effect of the am- monia, and renders it a suitable embrocation where anodyne pro- perties are at same time desired. LINIMENTUM AMMONIA SESQUICARBONATIS, L. Liniment of Sesquicarbonate of Ammonia. Prep.—v. in class Stimulants. Use.—In cases alluded to under linimentum ammonias, when a less stimulating application is required. Antimonii et Potassa;-Tartras, u. s. antimc s, l. ANTIMONIUM TARTARIZATUM, E. ANT.MONII ET POTASSA TAR- TRAS, sive tartarum emeticum, d. Tartar Emetic. Use.—(Extl.) in inflammatory diseases of the chest, abdominal viscera; and of the joints. May either be sprinkled in grs. xv.— grs. xxx. finely "pulverized) on a pitch plaster; or better in the fol- lowing form:— UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII, U. S. UNGUENTUM ANTIMONII POTAS- SIO-TARTRATIS, L. UNGUENT. ANTIMONIALE, E. UNGUENT. tartari emetici, d. Tartar Emetic Ointment. Prep.—Mix tartrate of antimony and potassa in very fine pow- der 3ii-» with lard Ii., u. s.—or—Mix potassio-tartrate of antimony R Ammonias liquor, fort. Adipis.ovil. 01. olivas M. (in cases • where energetic revulsion is demanded; the liq. am- monias should be in pro- portion as 2 to 1 of the other ingredients.) EPISPASTICS. 17S powdered Ii., with lard liv., l. e.; (the latter College directs the tartar-emetic to be reduced to very fine powder, and the ointment to be carefully triturated.)—or—Rub to tine powder tartrate of * antimony 3'- 5 tnen mix it with prepared lard Ii., d. Use.—An invaluable counter-irritant; it is applied by rubbing in until a pustule-eruption is produced, in cases of deep-seated in- flammation ; see preceding. (Unless the salt be rubbed to impal- pable powder, and then thoroughly combined with the lard, it need not be expected to produce the desired effect.) Argentum, u. s. l. e. d. Silver. argenti nitras, u. s. l. e. argenti nitras fusum, (et a. nitratis crystalli,) d. Lunar Caustic. Nitrate of Silver. Use.—(Extl.) employed as a stimulating, or escharotic applica- tion, in cases of sluggish sores, warts, and excrescences, of vene- real, or other character; ophthalmia, ulcers on the cornea, tarsi, Sic, (removal of warts;) has been recommended as a caustic re- medy in stricture of the urethra. It proves serviceable as a vesi- cant, in cases of immediate urgency ; and when applied along the boundaries of erysipelatous inflammation is frequently efficacious in detaining said disease within its outline ; it is a remedy of great reliance in cauterising poisoned wounds. Calx, u. s. l. e. d. calx recens usta. Fresh-burnt Lime. Use.—(Extl.) its action is too violently escharotic; it is there- fore never employed by itself in modern practice. calx chlorinata, u. s. l. e. Chlorinated Lime. Use.—v. under class Disinfectants, on page 140. calcis hydras, l. Fresh-burnt Lime slaked with water. Hydrate of Lime. Use.—See Calx above. potassa cum calce, l. e. d. Potassa with Lime. Prep.—Rub together hydrate of potassa, and lime, equal parts; and keep in a well stopped vessel, l.—or—Evaporate (in a clean covered iron vessel) any suitable amount of aqua potassae to | of its original volume; then add slaked lime until the mixture has the consistence of firm pulp; preserve in carefully covered vessels, e.—or—Let water of caustic potass evaporate to ? part, then add fresh burnt lime powdered as much as sufficient to form a mass of due consistence; to be kept in a well stopped vessel, d. Use.—(Extl.) chiefly employed as a stimulant cauterising ap- plication to the superficial walls of tedious abscesses, with view 15* 174 EPISPASTICS. of evacuating their contents; or as the means of establishing issues. In order, as much as possible, to confine its action to the , required district, cloth plaster should be applied to the immedi- ately surrounding surface. Cantharis, u. s. l. e. cantharis vesicatoria, l. e. d. Spanish Fly. (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Extl.) an application to sluggish sores; to induce counter- action, vesication, Sic, in cases of deep-seated inflammations, and determination of blood to internal organs ; employed in form of ointments, &c, or sprinkled over plasters. acetum cantharidis, l. e. d. Vinegar of Spanish Flies. Prep.—v. Diuretics. Use.—(Extl.) in same cases as Emplast. Cantharidis q. v.; its employment may be so regulated as merely to induce rubefacient action, in treatment of chronic inflammations, &c. The best mode for its application is by cloths, or blotting paper, moistened with it; it is also suitable as an adjunct to embrocations, &c, (said not to induce strangury.) CERATUM CANTHARIDIS, U. S. Prep.—Melt together yellow wax, resin and lard, each Iviii., add finely powdered Spanish flies ibi. ; stir till cool, u. s. Use.—The same as Emplastrum Cantharidis. UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS, E. CERATUM CANTHARIDIS, L. Ce- rate of Spanish Flies. Blister Plaster. Prep.—By aid of heat melt spermaceti cerate Ivi., and add cantharides finely powdered Ii. ; mix l.—or—Melt resinous oint- ment Ivii.; and sprinkle into it cantharides in fine powder Ii.; stir briskly during cooling and concretion of the mixture, e. Use.—As irritant dressing, after the successful application of Emplast. Cantharidis, &c. EMPLASTRUM PICIS CUM CANTHARIDE, U. S. EMPLASTRUM CALE- faciens, d. Warming Plaster. Prep.—Melt together at a moderate heat plaster of cantharides 1 part, and burgundy pitch 7 parts; mix, and form a plaster, u.s. D. Use.—In inflammatory affections of the chest. emplastrum cantharidis, l. e. d. Plaster of Spanish Flies. Prep.—Melt together lard ibss., and wax plaster ibiss.; re- move these from the fire, and a short while before they concrete add (by sprinkling in) cantharides powdered ibi.; mix thoroughly, l.—or—Liquefy together resin, bees'-wax, and suet, each Iii.; remove from the heat; sprinkle in cantharides very finely pow- epispastics. 175 dered Iii.; and stir smartly as the mixture concretes on cooling, e—or—Melt together mutton suet, and hog's lard, each ibss., yellow-wax ibi., and yellow resin liv.; and on these (a little before they solidify by cooling) sprinkle cantharides finely pow- dered Ibi.; mix so as to form a plaster, d. Use.—Applied, spread on leather—to the surface of the body, wherever an energetic counteraction is advisable; its application should be continued during 12 hours, when vesication generally results. emplastrum cantharidis compositum, e. Compound Plas- ter of Spanish Flies. Prep.—Liquefy together bees'-wax Ii., and burgundy pitch liii.; and Venice turpentine livss.; while the mixture is hot sprinkle into it cantharides liii., verdigris Iss., white mustard seed, and black pepper, each 3'i-> (the latter three ingredients in fine powders); stir the whole briskly as it concretes on cooling. Use.—For same purposes—but more active than the foregoing. tinctura cantharidis, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Spanish Flies. Prep.—v. Diuretics. Use.—(Extl.) employed chiefly as a rubefacient contribution •to embrocations, in rheumatic complaints, Sic UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS, L. D. UNGUENTUM INFUSI CANTHA- RIDIS, e. Ointment of Spanish Flies. Prep.—Boil cantharides finely powdered Ii., in distilled water liv., down to one half, and strain. Mix with this liquor cerate of resin liv., and evaporate to proper consistence, l.—or—Mace- rate during 1 night cantharides moderately powdered Ii., in boil- ing water Iv., squeeze strongly and filter; add axunge Iii., and boil till the water is dispersed. Now add resin, and bees'-wax, each Ii.; when these are liquid remove the vessel from the fire; add Venice turpentine Iii., and mix all perfectly, e.—or—Boil cantharides rubbed to fine powder Iii., in distilled water (by mea- sure) Iviii., down to one-half; strain, and to this liquor add ointment of white resin Iviii.; mix, then evaporate to proper con- sistence, D. Use.—To maintain a purulent discharge from surfaces which have recently been blistered. Capsicum, u. s. l. e. capsicum annuum, d. The berries or fruit of C. Annuum. Capsicum. Cayenne or Guinea Pepper. Chillies. Use.—(Extl.) as a stimulating and rubefacient application (for 176 EPISPASTICS. the feet usually) in form of cataplasm, in cases of delirium, and coma. Chlorinei Aqua, e. aqua chlorinu, d. Concentrated watery solution of Chlorine, with a little sulphate of soda. Chlorine Water. Use.—As stimulating lotion-applications, gargles, &c,—in cases of foul sores, ulcers of mouth, &c.; it must be diluted with 8 or 10 parts of some liquid. (Intl.) it has been employed in scarla- tina maligna, and typhus. Dose, 3ss.—3i-> in distilled water (or simple vehicle) Iviii. Creasotum, u. s. e. creasoton, l. creosote. An Oxy-hydro- carburet prepared from pyroxilic oil, (l.) Creasote, (e.) Use.—(Extl.) frequently successful in allaying toothache—this can never be expected, however, unless the creosote is properly applied (i. e., by being placed in actual contact with the corroded, or hollowed portion of the tooth), and only in cases suitable for its employment. Cupri Subacetas, u.s. d. arugo, l. e. Impure (or commercial) Diacetate of Copper. Verdigris. Use.—As an application to fungous growths; foul sores, espe- cially those having callous edges. cupri subacetas praparatum, d. Prepared Subacetate of Copper. Prep.—Reduce to powder subacetate of copper, then proceed with it in same manner as for prepared chalk. Use.—See preceding. OXYMEL CUPRI SUBACETATIS, D. LINIMENTUM ARUGINIS, L. Oxymel of Subacetate of Copper. Prep.—Dissolve verdigris powdered Ii., in vinegar Ivii.; strain through a linen cloth; add despumated honey Ixiv., and boil down to due consistence, l. d. (The latter College orders distilled vinegar, and clarified honey.) Verdigris. ginem adjice, atque om- R Ammoniaci nia misce, ut fiat emplas- Cerae flav. trum, (spread on leather, Cupri subacetatis Am- and applied to corns__ moniaco balneo in aquoso said to be an infallible liquefacto, adde ceram, et, cure.) ab igne remotis, paulo an- R Linimenti asruginis tequam concrescant, asru- Misturae camphorae M. EPISPASTICS. 177 Use.—Chiefly as a detergent, and partially escharotic dressing, to foul ulcers; for this purpose it will be best applied directly to the part by means of a hair pencil. It has sometimes been em- ployed (in a sufficiently diluted state) as a gargle. UNGUENTUM CUPRI SUBACETATIS, U. S. D. UNGUENTUM ARU- ginis, e. Ointment of Subacetate of Copper. Prep.—Subacetate of copper, powdered 3'-» simple ointment 3xv.; melt the ointment, add the salt of copper, and stir till cold, u.s.—or—Melt resinous ointment Ixv., and sprinkle into it ver- digris finely powdered Ii.; stir the mixture smartly as it cools and concretes, e.—or—Rub together prepared subacetate of cop- per Iss., and olive oil Ii.; then add these to melted ointment of white resin ibi.; mix, d. Use.—As an application to tedious and foul sores; and thus far it may be employed indifferently with the foregoing. Eliphorbium, u. s. l. e. euphorbia canariensis, d. The gum resin obtained from Euphorbia Officinarum, l.—from unde- termined species of Euphorbia, e.—from Euph. Canari- ensis, D. Use.—(Extl.) chiefly as an adjunct to other medicines of the present class—as Acetum Cantharidis; or may be combined with some liniments, or plasters. It is too irritating to be used by itself. Mezereum, u. s. l. mezereon, e. d. Mezereum. (v. Diaphoretics.) Use.—(Extl.) applied as ointment to induce suppuration from issues, &c,—for which purpose, having no tendency to affect ttie urinary organs, it is preferable to ointment, &c, of Spanish flies. A piece of the bark, macerated to a soft condition in warm vine- gar, will effect vesication. Moxa, (artemisia chinensis et a. indica,) d. Moxa. The leaves. Use.—Formed into cones, and after being lighted, applied burn- ing to parts of the body where establishment of powerful coun- ter-irritation is desirable—as in cases of morbus coxarius, and other joint diseases, Sic Moxa was formerly employed inter- nally as an antispasmodic, tonic remedy. [Oleum Monardae, u. s. Oil of Horse mint. Use.—As a stimulating or rubefacient application in cholera in- fantum, chronic rheumatism, DUt rarely given by itself for narcotic purposes. (Extl.) see Refrigerants. Alcohol, u. s. l. e. d. Alcohol, (l. e. d.) Absolute Alcohol, (e.) Sp. gr. 0-815, (l.)—794-6, (e.)—796 at 60° F., (d.) . Use.—(Intl.) powerfully narcotic when taken in excess, but never administered by itself as a remedy of the present class; much employed in combination (as a menstruum of resinous mat- ter, &c.) in the various tinctures and spirits. See Stimulants. Amygdalus Persica, d. The common Peach-tree. The leaves. Use.—(Intl.) in irritable states of the bladder and urethra, and in some spasmodic affections; also employed formerly as an an- thelmintic; but now obsolete. Dose, of infusion (say, dried peach leaves 3iii-—boiling water Oi., macerated 3 hours) 3ih\5 2ce or 3ce daily. Belladonna, u. s. l. e. atropa belladonna, d. The leaves o f Atropa Belladonna, (u.s. l. e.) The leaves and root, (d.) Deadly Nightshade. Use.—(Intl.) in nervous, scirrhous, and cancerous diseases; tic douloureux, amaurosis, palsy, pertussis, Sic Dose, gr. *, gradually increased to grs. v. daily, or until a dry sensation in the fauces is perceived. The Extract is now generally preferred. (Extl.) applied (in powder, or a poultice of the leaves themselves) to scrofulous or cancerous ulcers. EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA, U. S. L. E. SUCCUS SPISSATUS BEL- LADONNA, d. Extract of Belladonna. Prep.—Prepared from fresh leaves of A. belladonna in the Deadly Nightshade. R Belladonnas R Belladonnas, pulv. Sacchari, pur. F. pul- Potass, nitratis vis, in partes di- Sacchari F. pulvis, hora videndus. somni omni nocte sumen- R Ext. belladonnas dus, (in chronic rheuma- Aq. destil. Liqua. tism, extensive ulcera- R Ext. belladon. tions, &c.) ---cinchonas M. f. pil. quarum capiat. 194 NARCOTICS. same manner as directed for Ext. stramon.fol., u. s.—or—Bruise in a stone mortar fresh belladonna leaves (sprinkled with a little water) ibi.; squeeze out the juice, and evaporate it, unstrained, to due consistence, l.—or—Bruise to pulp any desired quantity of fresh belladonna leaves in a marble mortar. Express the juice; moisten the residual mass with water, and again express. Unite the expressed fluids ; filter, and in the vapour-bath evaporate to consistence of firm extract, stirring continuously towards the close, e.—or—Prepare in same way as succus spissatus aconiti, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, gr. ss. (cautiously in- creased to) grs. ii.—grs. iv. (Extl.) rubbed into neck of womb to obviate rigidity or spasm; it dilates the pupil when dropped (in solution) into the eye—some apply it undiluted to the ball of the eye. [EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA ALCOHOLICUM, U. S. Alcoholic Extract of Belladonna. Prep.—In the same manner as directed for the alcoholic extract of aconite (Ext. aconiti alcohol), u. s. Use.—(Intl.) As the last. Dose to begin with gr. ss.—gr. i.] emplastrum belladonna, u. s. l. e. d. Belladonna Plaster. Prep.—Melt by heat of a vapour-bath plaster of resin liii., and add to it extract of deadly nightshade liss.; mix, l. e. (the latter College orders a gentle heat, and brisk agitation after adding the extract.)—or—With inspissated juice of belladonna Ii., and soap plaster Iii., form a plaster, d. Use.—Against stubborn rheumatic and other local pains; violent palpitation of the heart; nervous irritability of bladder, and rec- tum. Camphora, u. s. l. e. d. A peculiar concrete substance derived from Laurus Camphora, and purified by sublimation, (u. s.) A peculiar Concrete purified by sublimation, (l.)—Camphor of Camphora officinarum, (e.)—from Laurus Camphora, (d.) [Dryobulanops Camphora is also given by the D. Ph.] Camphor. Use.—(Intl.) in putrid fevers, typhoid exanthemata; asthma, epilepsy, hysteria ; gout, gonorrhoea ; constitutional irritation from pneumonia, &c. &c. Dose, grs. ii.—9i. suspended in emulsion, Camphor. R Camphorae Ext. hyoscyami M. f. pilula?. R Camphorae Acidi benzoic. Sacchari M.,et divide in chartulas quarum capiat q. q. hora. NARCOTICS. 195 or mixture; sometimes in pills. (Extl.) as an application to lo- cal pains from any cause ; glandular and other tumours ; paralysis, local inflammations, bruises ; gangrenous sores, Sic LINIMENTUM CAMPHORA, U. S. L. E. OLEUM CAMPHORATUM, D. Camphor Liniment. Prep.—v. Stimulants. Use.—Applied (by rubbing in) to sprained or bruised parts— when inflammation has subsided ; also employed in cases alluded to under Camphora. Merely spreading it on flannel, and placing this on the affected part, will be found a preferable mode of ap- plication in numerous cases, particularly in sore throat. linimentum camphora compositum, l. d. Compound Camphor Liniment. Prep.— See Stimulants. Use.—In same cases as the foregoing, but this is a more pow- erful application. AQUA CAMPHORA, U. S. MISTURA CAMPHORA, L. E. D. Cam- phor Water. Prep.—v. Stimulants. Use.—(Intl.) same as camphor; chiefly employed as a vehicle for other medicines. Dose, Iss.—Iii. R Camphorae Moschi Ext. opii pur. Syrupi simp. Fiant pilulas. R Camphorae Confec. rosae F. boli (vel pil.) R Camphorae Ext. opii purif. Potassae nitratis Syrupi Div. in pi- lulas. R Misturae camphorae Sp. ammonias foetid. F. haustus. R Misturae camphorae Syrupi papav. Sp. aetheris sulphurici comp. Tr. opii Misce. R Misturae camphorae Carb. potassae F. haustus efferves., cum succi limon. q. s., in im- petu ipso effervescentias sumendus. R Mistur. camphor. Carb. ammonias Sp. aether, nitrici Antimonii et potassae tart. M. sumat horis, (in delirium tremens.) R Mist, camphorae Liq. ammonias acetatis Sp. aether, nit. Vini antim. Syrupi papav. Vini ipecacuan. M. cochleare horis. 196 NARCOTICS. mistura camphora cum magnesia, e. d. Camphor Mixture with Magnesia. Prep.—See Stimulants. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; the magnesia greatly aids the solution of the camphor. Dose, Iss.—Iii. TINCTURA CAMPHORA, U. S. L. E. (sive SPIRITUS CAMPHORA- tus), d. Tincture of Camphor. Prep.—Given under class Stimulants. Use.—(Extl.) in chilblains, paralysis of limbs, &c. Cocculus, e. cocculus suberosus, d. The fruit of Anamirta Cocculus, (e.) The fruit commonly called Cocculus Indi- cus, (d.) Cocculus Indicus. Use.—(Intl.) never employed thus by medical men, on account of its energetic acro-narcotic, poisonous qualities ; by another sort of practitioners, however, namely, brewers, it has long been pre- scribed wholesale, and without scruple, in some of their stuffs ! (Extl.) in form of ointment has been employed in porrigo, and to destroy pediculi on the head. Colchici Radix (et) Colchici Semen, u. s. colchici cormus (et) c. se- mina, l. E. c. autumnale, d. Colchicum. (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) in gout, rheumatism, rheumatic iritis. Dose, gr. i. —grs. iv. (see remarks as to its operation, page 93.) acetum colchici, u. s. l. e. D. Vinegar of Colchicum. Prep.—v. Cathartics. Use.—(Intl.) same as the bulb. Dose, 3ss.—3iss-» in any mild fluid vehicle, this is considered an efficient and gentle prepa- ration. extractum colchici cormi, l. Extract of Colchicum Cor- mus. Prep.—v. page 94. R Misturae camphorae Colchicum. Antim. et potassae tart. R Colchici, pulv. Tr. opii M. Opii, pulv. R Misturae camphorae Plumbi acetatis Liq. opii sedativ. Misturae acaciae q. s. Misce Ammonias carb. F. optime, et divide in pil. haustus. asquales quar. R Misturae camphorae sumat unam 6to q. q. ho- Tr. opii ra, (in phthisis,—and ac- Sp. ammonias aromat. tive hemorrhages, after v. M. f. haustus. s.) NARCOTICS. 197 Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, gr. i.—grs. ii., every 3 or 4 hours. oxymel colchici, d. Oxymel of Colchicum. Prep.—v. Cathartics. Use.—(Intl.) may be employed as a contribution to other me- dicines of the present class. Dose, 3i«> 2ce daily. TINCTURA COLCHICI SEMINI8, U. S. TINCTURA COLCHICI, L. E. tinctura seminum colchici, d. Tincture of Colchicum. Prep.—At page 94. Use.—(Intl.) for purposes alluded to under Colchici Cormus. Dose, m. x.—5SS- (by veiT gradual increase.) tinctura colchici composita, l. Compound Tincture of Colchicum. Prep.—v. Cathartics. Use.—(Intl.) similar to the simple tincture—but in cases parti- cularly attended with acidity in the primae viae. Dose, m. x.— m. xx.—m. xxx. vinum colchici radicis, u. s. vinum colchici, l. e. Wine of Colchicum. Prep.—See page 95. Use.—(Intl.) same as Colchicum, and all its other preparations; it is regarded by many as a specific in gout. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx. Conii Folia, u. s. l. conium, e. conium maculatum, d. The leaves of Conium Maculatum. Hemlock. Use.—(Intl.) in irritation from pulmonary affections ; cancer; neuralgic diseases. Dose, grs. ii.—(and by minute gradations enlarged till some sensible effect is perceived) to 9i. or more, in pills. (Extl.) as a poultice, either alone or mixed with bread, meal, Sic; and as fomentation (say hemlock Iii.—liii. to water Oi., and boiled) for irritable cancerous, and other ulcers. conii semen, u. s. conii fructus, l. The fruit of the fore- going. Use.—Same as the preceding, but the fruit possesses greater energy. Hemlock. R Conii fol.recentis (vel exsic.) R Conii fol. Aquas coque ad et cola. Coriandri, confusi R Ext. conii Aquae, bullientis Macera --- hyoscyami, aa. Con- per horas duas et cola. tunde simul et f. pilula, quatidie sumenda. 17* 198 NARCOTICS. cataplasma conii, l. d. Hemlock Cataplasm. Prep.—Mix together ext. of hemlock Iii., and water Oi.; add bruised linseed q. s. to make the whole of suitable consistence, L.—or—Boil dried leaves of hemlock Ii., in water Oiss., down to Oi.; strain, and add powdered hemlock q. s. to form a cata- plasm, D. Use.—As an anodyne application to scrofulous, and some other glandular tumours ; irritable ulcers. EXTRACTUM CONII, U. S. L. E. SUCCUS SPISSATUS CONII, D. Extract of Hemlock. Prep.—Prepared from fresh hemlock leaves, in the man- ner directed for Extract Stramonii FoL, u. s. Sprinkle with a little water, and bruise in a stone mortar fresh hemlock leaves ibi.; squeeze out the juice, and evaporate it, unstrained, to due consistence, l.—or—Beat (in a marble mortar) any convenient amount of conium into uniform pulp ; express and filter the juice. Evaporate to consistence of a very firm extract, either in a vacuum with aid of heat, or spontaneously in shallow vessels exposed to a strong current of air freed of dust by gauze-screens. This extract cannot be of good quality unless it emits strong odour of conia by degrees when carefully triturated with aqua potassae, e. —or—Prepare with fresh leaves of hemlock in same manner, as for sue. spiss. aconiti, d. Use.—(Intl.) for the purposes alluded to under Conii Folia. Dose, grs. ii. cautiously increased to 9i. [extractum conii alcoholicum, u. s. Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. Prep.—In the same manner as ordered^for Extract Aconiti Alcoholicum, u. s. R Ext. conii Magnesiae sulphat. Aquae cari Syrupi rhasados M. f. haustus in die su- mendus. R Ext. conii Sodas carb. Decoct, glycyrrhizas Sp. pimentae F. mistura. R Ext. conii Liquor, potassae Misturae camphorae M. f. haustus, (in chordee.) R Ext. conii Pulv. scillae Ipecacuanhas M/f. pilula. R Ext. conii --- hyoscyami Misturae acaciae Tere simul donee quam optime misceantur, dein adde Liquor, acetat. ammonias Aquas Syrupi rhasados F. haus- tus, quaque hora sumendus, (in pulmonary irritation, and pertussis.) NARCOTICS. 199 Use.—(Intl.) the same as above. Dose, grs. ii., to be gradually increased.] pilula conii composita, l. Compound Pills of Hemlock. Prep.—Beat together so as to incorporate ext. of hemlock 3v., ipecacuan powdered 3i-> and mixture of acacia, q. s. Use.—In the beginning of phthisis ; pertussis, &c. ; neuralgic affections; it is employed for its anodyne and slightly narcotic qualities. Dose, grs. v., 2ce or 3ce daily. tinctura conii, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Hemlock. Prep.—Digest hemlock leaves liv., in diluted alcohol, 14 days, express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days dried hemlock leaves Iv., cardamom bruised Ii., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Bruise fresh leaves of conium Ixii.; express the juice strongly; bruise the residuum, and pack it in a percolator. First transmit tincture of cardamom Oss., then rectif. spirit Oiss., allowing the spirituous fluids to mingle with the expressed juice as they pass through; gently add water enough to the per] colator for pushing through the spirit remaining in the residual mass; shake, then filter, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days dried hemlock leaves Iii., and cardamom seeds bruised Ii., in pf. spirit Oi.; strain, d. Use-—(Intl.) in cancerous, scirrhous, scrofulous, and pulmo- nary diseases; to allay irritation during the passing of calculi from the kidneys, &c. Dose, m. xv., by slow, and minute gra- dations, to 3i- unguentum conii, d. Ointment of Hemlock. Prep.—Boil together fresh leaves of hemlock, and prepared lard, each Ibii.; when the leaves are crisped, express through a linen cloth. Use.—An application for irritable, cancerous, and other sores. Digitalis, u. s. e. digitalis folia, et D. SEMINA, l. digitalis purpurea, d. Foxglove, (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Intl.) in certain nervous affections ; pulmonary diseases (when acute inflammation has been subdued) to control immode- rate action of the heart; general irritability, &c. Dose, gr. i.— grs. ii., as a pill, or in powder. See remarks as to Foxglove and its preparations, at page 146. Digitalis. nocte, (in maniacal, and R Digitalis tetanic affections.) Camphorae R Infusi digitalis Ext. hyoscyami F. pi- Aquas anethi lulas sumat omni Potassae acetatis Tr. opii M. f. mistura. 200 narcotics. extractum digitalis, l. e. Extract of Foxglove. Prep.—v. Diuretics. Use.—(Intl.) same as the foregoing. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. iii. infusum digitalis, u. s. l. e. d. Infusion of Foxglove. Prep.—v. Diuretics. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as Digitalis in substance. Dose, Iss.—Ii., 2 or 3 times daily. tinctura digitalis, u. s. Tincture of Foxglove. Prep.—At page 147. Use.—(Intl.) see Foxglove; the tincture is a suitable contri- bution to numerous mixtures, &c, of the present class. Dose, m. x.—3SS,» cautiously increased. Dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. Bitter Sweet, (v. Diaphoretics.) Use.—(Intl.) in chronic rheumatism, Sic, but very rarely as a sedative merely. Dose, grs. xv.—3i«> in powder ; the following form is preferable:— decoctum dulcamara, u. s. l. e. d. Decoction of Bitter Sweet. Prep.—At page 134. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding. Dose, 3'ii-—!"•> 2 or 3 times daily. HumulUS, u. s. lupulus, l. E. humulus lupulus, d. The Stro- biles of H. Lupulus, (u. s.)—the dried Strobiles, (l. d.)—the Catkin (e.) of Humulus Lupulus. The Hop. Use.—(Intl.) in pectoral complaints; rheumatism ; restlessness of exhaustion, gout, &c. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. xv., in powder; not now in repute. (Extl.) in cases of delirious and maniacal watchfulness, the soporific influence of a pillow filled with hops, (laid beneath the patient's head,) has long been esteemed—rand is worth trying. EXTRACTUM HUMULI LUPULI, D. EXT. LUPULI, L. E. Extract of Hop. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours hops ibss., in boiling distilled water cong. ii. ; then boil down to cong. i., and strain while hot; laatly, evaporate to due consistence, l.—or—Prepare from hops, Hops. R Humuli, pulv. R Humuli Adipis Liqua lente ca- Aquas cinnamomi M. f. lore et cola, et f. unguent. haustus. (with the view of allaying pain, in cancerous ulcers.) NARCOTICS. 201 in same way as ext. of Logwood, e.—or—Proceed with hops in manner directed for ext. scobis haematoxyli campecheani, d. Use.—(Intl.) in mania, delirium tremens, Sic ; see preceding. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xx., as pills. INFUSUM HUMULI, U. S. INFUSUM LUPULI, L. Infusion of Hop. Prep.—Macerate during 4 hours in a lightly covered vessel hops 3vi. (Iss., u.s.) in boiling distilled water Oi. ; strain. Use.—(Intl.) from its slightly narcotic properties sometimes serviceable in allaying spasmodic pains of the uterus consequent on parturition, articular rheumatic affections, &c. Dose, Ii.— liss., 2ce or 3ce a-day. tinctura humuli, u. s. d. tinctura lupuli, l. e. Tinc- ture of Hop. Prep.—Digest hops Iv., in diluted alcohol Oii., for 14 days, express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days hops Ivi., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Take any convenient amount of recently dried hops; detach (by friction and sifting) the yellow- ish-brown powder from their scales ;—take of said powder Iv., and rectif. spirit Oii., and prepare the tincture by percolation (v. process), or by digesting as directed for tincture of capsicum, e'. —or—Macerate during 14 days dried strobiles of the hop Iv., in pf. spirit ibii., stirring frequently; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Humulus, and its other preparations, above. The tincture of the Edin. Ph. possesses more decided sedative properties than those of l. or d.—the whole are stomachic and tonic. Dose, m. xxx.—3U- Hyoscyami Folia, u. s. l. hyoscyamus, e. hyoscyamus niger, d. The leaves of H. Niger, (u. s.) The leaves of Common Henbane. Use.—(Intl.) in mania, tetanus, arthritis, rheumatic complaints; epilepsy, hysteria, paralysis, &c.; from not inducing constipation, R Ext. hyoscyami Glycyrrhizae rad. in pulv. trit. q. s. ut fiant pil. detur mane et nocte in morbis dolorificis. R Ext. hyoscyami Acidi nitrici diluti Aquae destil. Syrupi zingiber. M. f. mistura, (during the asth- matic paroxysm.) R Myrrhae Zinci sulphatis Ipecacuanhas, pulv. Ext. hyoscyami Syrupi papav. q. s. M. fiant pilulae sumantur in die. R Tr. hyoscyami Misturae camphorae F. haustus. 202 NARCOTICS. it is a safe substitute for opium and its preparations, in nervous, and many other cases. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. v.—9ss, in powder ; more frequently the ext. and tincture are selected. (Extl.) as a poultice in painful tumours, indurations of the mammas; rheuma- tism, inflammation of the bowels, testes, kidney; in piles, &c. ; sometimes applied (by dusting) in powder over ill-conditioned and painful ulcers. Hyoscyami Semen, u.s. hyoscyami semina, l. The seeds of the foregoing. Use.—(Intl.) the same as the leaves. Dose, grs. ii.—9ss., pow- dered. EXTRACTUM HYOSCYAMI, U. S. L. E. SUCCUS SPISSATUS HYOSCY- AMI, d. Extract of Henbane. Prep.—Prepared from fresh henbane leaves, as directed for Extract. Stramonii FoL, u. s.—or—Sprinkle a little water on fresh henbane leaves ibi., then bruise them in a stone mortar; squeeze out the juice, and evaporate it unstrained to proper con- sistence, l.—or—Proceed, with fresh leaves of hyoscyamus, according to either of the processes indicated for extract of co- nium, e.—or—Prepared from fresh herb of henbane, in same manner as succus spissatus aconiti, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as Henbane in substance; also em- ployed in chordee; it does not bind up the bowels, nor confuse the head, and therefore is applicable to numerous cases where opium (from its contrary qualities) would be prejudicial. Dose, grs. iii.—9i., as pills. tinctura hyoscyami, l. e. d. Tincture of Henbane. Prep.—Digest henbane leaves liv., in diluted alcohol Oii., for 14 days; express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days, henbane leaves dried I v., in pf. spirit Oii. ; strain, l.—or—Take dried hyoscyamus in moderately fine powder Iv., and of pf. spi- rit Oii.; and prepare by percolation (v. process per Index); or digest for 7 days, and strain, e.—or—Digest during 7 days, hen- bane leaves dried Iv., in pf. spirit ibii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) a valuable sedative, and hypnotic remedy, where R Ext. hyoscyami ----conii Misturae acaciae Tere simul donee quam optime misceantur; dein adde Liquoris ammon. acetat. Aquas • Syrupi rhasados M. (in pulmonary irritation.) R Tr. hyoscyami Misturae camphorae Syrupi papav. M. su- mat coch. in die. narcotics. 203 the exhibition of opium would be improper—see foregoing. Dose, m. xv.—3ii- Lactucarium, u. s. l. e. lactuca sativa, d. The inspissated juice of Lactuca Sativa, (u.s. l. e.)—and of Lactuca Virosa, (e.) The Herb, (d.) Lactucarium. Lettuce—Opium. Use.—(Intl.) in rheumatic affections, acute or chronic ; pulmo- nary phthisis, coughs ; gastro-enteritis, chronic irritable condition of bladder; and for the general purposes of an unobjectionable opiate; (till lately morphia was believed to exist in Lactucarium —this is now proved to be erroneous.) Dose, grs. i.—grs. vi. extractum lactuca, l. Extract of Lettuce. Prep.—Sprinkle a little water over fresh lettuce leaves, ibi., then bruise them in a stone-mortar; squeeze out the juice, and evaporate (unstrained) to due consistence. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as the foregoing, when a remedy of much milder character is required. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., 2 or 3 times daily. tinctura lactucarii, e. Tincture of Lactucarium. Prep.—With lactucarium finely pulverized liv., and pf. spirit Oii., prepare by percolation, as for Tr. of Myrrh. It may also be prepared by digesting during 7 days, Sic, in which case the lac- tucarium must be in rough powder. Use.—See Lactucarium;—the tincture is suitable as an adju- vant to liquid remedies of the present class. Dose, m. x.—m. Ix. trochisci lactucarii, e. Troches of Lactucarium. Prep.—Proceed, with same quantities of ingredients, exactly as directed for opium lozenges—only substituting lactucarium for the opium. Use.—In same cases as Lactucarium and its preparations. Dose, 1—3—4 lozenges (of grs. x. each) daily. Lauro-CcrasilS, e. prunus lauro-cerasus, d. The leaves of Pru- nus lauro-cerasus. Cherry-Laurel. Use.—(Intl.) formerly employed as a sedative. Dose, grs. iii. —grs. viii., in powder; but now chiefly to prepare the subjoined Cherry-Laurel. R Aq. lauro-cerasi R Aq. lauro-cerasi Ether, sulphurici Misturae acacias Sit mis- Ext. belladonnas M. tura cujus capiat cochl. (used by friction, in ner- in die. vous, arthritic, and rheu- matic pains.) 204 NARCOTICS. water. (Extl.) sometimes as a soothing contribution to poultices, with linseed meal, for painful sores. aqua lauro-cerasi, e. d. Prep.—Mince down fresh leaves of cherry-laurel, ibi., and mix them with water Oiiss.; distil off Oi., and agitate this well; filter it if it should have a milky appearance after a few seconds of rest; now add compound spirit of lavender Ii., e.—or—With fresh leaves of cherry-tree laurel ibi., and water Oiii.; let Oi. dis- til ; then add compound spirit of lavender Ii., d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as (equally diluted) hydrocyanic acid. Dose, m. xx.—3>- ? on account of its unequal medicinal strength, however, it should never be trusted too much. Lobelia, u.s. l. e. (v. Emetics.) Use.—(Intl.) in coughs attending phthisis, Sic, from accumu- lation of mucus in the air-passages; asthma, pertussis, croup. Dose, gr. i.—grs. v.; the subjoined are preferable :— tinctura lobelia aetherea, e. Ethereal Tincture of Lo- belia. Prep.—Under Antispasmodics. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, 3ss-~~3i- tinctura lobelia, u. s. e. Tincture of Lobelia. Prep.—At page 56. Use.—(Intl.) see Lobelia ; the foregoing is a more powerful sedative. Dose, 3ss.—3** Opium, u. s. l. e. d. The concrete juice from unripe capsules, (u. s. l. e.)—from ripe capsules (d.) of Papaver Somniferum. Opium. Use.—(Intl.) in painful and irritable conditions generally (un- less contra-indicated by severe inflammatory symptoms, or by Opium. R Opii, pulv. R Opii, pulv. Ext. hyoscyami Pil. hydrargyri F. --- conii Simul con- pilula h. s. sumenda. tunde, et f. massa in pilu- R Opii, pulv. las div., e quibus Tragacanthae F. om. nocte. pulvis, hora somni su- R Opii, pulv. menda. Potassae nitratis R Opii, pulv. Sacchari pur. M. Ext. humuli F. div. in chartulas pilula nocte manequc ad- quar. hibenda. NARCOTICS. 205 determination to the head) ; putrid and intermittent fevers ; erup- tive typhoid diseases, to allay restlessness, Sic ; spasmodic, con- vulsive, and some neuralgic affections; tickling coughs, bronchi- tis, pleuritis (V. S. having previously been had recourse to); pyrosis,*colic, cholera, diarrhoea; diabetes ; uterine hemorrhage, Sic Sic Dose, gr. |.—gr. ss. stimulant; gr. i.—grs. iii. ano- dyne, narcotic; grs. iii. and (sometimes to great extent) upwards, antispasmodic. It is also valuable in form of suppository (gr. i. —grs. iii.); dissolved in water as injection in spasmodic stric- ture, and in gonorrhasa ; and as an addition to various enemata. (Extl.) applied in solution to irritable parts, painful sores, &c.; the torture arising from a decayed tooth will frequently be al- layed by cautious insertion (into its cavity) of a small portion of opium. MORPHIA, U. S. L. MORPHIA. Use.—(Intl.) same as Opium, with less of exciting power. Dose, gr. £.—gr. i., and cautiously increased ; from its insolu- bility in the simple state, it is more frequently employed in the forms subjoined. (Extl.) as an anodyne it is sometimes adminis- tered (combined with olive oil) by rubbing into the skin. morphia acetas, u. s. l. e. Acetate of Morphia. Use.—(Intl.) in all cases for which the exhibition of opium is R Opii R Opii, pulv. Hydrarg. chloridi mit. M. Saponis Contunde f. pilula quartis horis re- simul. F. supposi- petendis, (in pericardial torium. inflammation). R Opii, pulv. R Opii Ext. conii F. pilula Cupri sulphatis hora recubitus sumenda. Ext. cinchonas Syrupi q. s. M., fiat massa Morphia. in pilulas div. R Morphias acet. R Opii Acidi acetici Zinci sulphatis Aquas destil. Pulveris aromatici Alcoholis M. (for Syrupi q. s. M., divide in anodyne purposes.) pilulas Sumatur R Morphias acetatis una ter in die. Hydrarg. chloridi mit. R Opii Ext. hyosciami F. Aquae destil. fervenfis pilula h. s. sum. Macera per horas duas, R Morphias acetatis et cola, (employed as lo- Syrupi Misce dili- tion.) genter. F. syrupus. 18 206 NARCOTICS. suitable ; it is preferable to that substance from not usually induc- ing headache and other unpleasant consequences. Dose, grs. $ —gr. -I—gr. i. MORPHIA MURIAS, U.S. E. MORPHIA HYDROCHLORAS, L. Mu- riate of Morphia. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding ; the acetate being more apt to be- come decomposed during its formation, the present preparation is considered of greater efficacy. Dose, gr. g—gr. i. (Extl.) this and the preceding are often employed endermically—see Mor- phia. morphia muriatis solutio, e. Solution of Muriate of Mor- phia. Prep.—Mingle together rectif. spirit Iv., and distilled water Ixv.; then dissolve in the mixture (at a gentle heat) muriate of morphia 3iss« Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as laudanum, but where it is ne- cessary to guard against the inconvenient effects of opium-prepa- rations. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx. (has nearly the strength of tr. opii). trochisci morphia, e. Troches of Morphia. Prep.—Dissolve muriate of morphia 9i., in a small portion of hot water; mix this with tincture of tolu Iss., pure sugar Ixxv., and mucilage q. s. to form suitable mass for lozenges, each of which should weigh about grs. xv. (each contains about gr. 1-40 of muriate of morphia). Dose, v.—xv.—xx. lozenges daily. Use.—Chiefly to allay the tickling sensation which induces cough. trochisci morphia et ipecacuanha, e. Troches of Mor- phia and Ipecacuanha. Prep.—Dissolve muriate of morphia 9i., in a small quantity of hot water; mix this with tincture of tolu Iss., ipecacuan finely powdered 3i«> pure sugar Ixxv., and mucilage q. s. to form suit- R Morphiae muriat. Syrupi limonis Aquae M. sumat. R Morphiae acetatis Confectionis aurantii M., divide in pilulas sumat. R Morphiae muriat. Antimonii et potassae tart. Syrupi limonis Aquae M. R Morph. muriat. Aquas destillatae Syrupi aurantii cort. F. haustus, vespere sumen- dus. NARCOTICS. 207 able lozenge-mass, which is to be divided into lozenges of grs. xv. (each contains gr. 1-40 of muriate of morphia.) Use.—Same as foregoing; the addition of ipecacuan is valu- able in aiding expectoration. Dose, x.—xx. lozenges in course of a day. acetum opii, u.s. e. d. Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. Prep.—Opium in coarse powder Iviii., nutmeg in coarse pow- der liss., saffron Iss., sugar Ixii., distilled vinegar q. s. Digest the opium, nutmeg, and saffron in the vinegar Oiss., on sand bath for 48 hours, and strain; digest the residue.with an equal quan- tity of the vinegar in the same way for 24 hours, put the whole in a percolator and return the filtered liquid till it passes clear. When the percolation has ceased, pour distilled vinegar on resi- due, till the whole quantity that has passed equals Oiii. ; add the sugar and evaporate by a water bath to Oiii. fliv., u. s.—or— Take opium (cut into small pieces) liv., and distilled vinegar Ixvi.; triturate the opium into pulp with a small portion of the vinegar; macerate with the rest of the vinegar in a closed vessel during 7 days, shaking occasionally ; strain, and express strong- ly ; then filter, e.—or—Proceed in same manner with Turkey opium liv., and distilled vinegar Ibi., d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of gastric hemorrhage, and others requir- ing astringent and narcotic remedies. Whether it be (as conjec- tured) that the formation of an acetate of morphia is effected by the above process, there is no doubt that from its combination with vinegar the opium is deprived of its characterizing objection- able qualities. Dose, m. v.—m. xx. (the latter quantity is equal to about m. xxx. of laudanum). confectio opii, u. s. l. d. electuarium opii, e. Confec- tion of Opium. Prep.—Opium in powder 31VSS'» aromatic powder Ivi., clari- fied honey Ixiv.; rub the opium with the aromatic powder, add the honey, and beat together till thoroughly mixed, u. s.—or— Rub together (to fine powder) hard opium powdered 3vi., long pepper Ii., ginger Iii., caraway liii., and tragacanth powdered 3ii., and keep in close vessel. When the confection is to be used, add syrup made hot Ixvi., and mix, l.—or—Mix together and beat into an electuary aromatic powder Ivi., senega finely powdered liii., opium (diffused in a small portion of sherry) Iss., syrup of ginger ibi., e.—or—Triturate hard opium powdered 3vi., with syrup made hot ibi.; then add ginger-root Iii., long pepper Ii., caraway-seeds liii., and gum tragacanth in powder 3ii.; mix, d. Use.—(Intl.) in tedious or excessive diarrhoea, a tonic form of 208 NARCOTICS. gout, flatulent colic, &c.; as a stimulating anodyne and narcotic. Dose, grs. x.—3'* ENEMA OPII, L. D. ENEMA OPII VEL ANODYNUM, E. Clyster of Opium. Prep.—Mix together decoction of starch liv., and tincture of opium m. xxx., l.—or—Boil starch 3ss-> m water Iii.; and when sufficiently cool for use add tincture of opium 3SS- w 3i-» e.—or—Mix together tincture of opium 3i-> and tepid water Ivi., D. Use.—In irritative conditions of the bladder, prostate gland, and urinary apparatus generally ; painful menstruation ; some af- fections of the bowels, Sic Sic ; it is often of great service in controlling restlessness, where sedatives given by the mouth have failed. EXTRACTUM OPII PURIFICATUM, L. EXT. OPII, E. EXT. OPII aquosum, d. Extract of Opium. Prep.—With opium sliced Ixx., and distilled water cong. i., proceed as follows:—Macerate (so as to soften) the opium in a small quantity of the water during 12 hours; then gradually pour in the rest of the water, and rub until they are very well mixed ; set aside that the dregs may subside, and afterwards strain the liquor, and evaporate to proper consistence, l.—or—Having cut into small pieces opium ibi., macerate it during 24 hours in water Oi.; break down the fragments with the hand: strongly squeeze the liquid ; again break down the residual mass in water (an- other) Oi.; allow it to macerate during 24 hours, and express the liquor. Repeat the maceration and expression in the manner just described, until Ov. in all of water shall have been employed; filter the successive infusions as they are made, passing them through the same filter; unite the whole and evaporate in the vapour-bath to due consistence, e.—or—Triturate during 10 mi- nutes opium sliced Iii., in boiling water Oi. ; and after a short time pour off the solution : rub the residuum during the same space of time with an equal quantity of boiling water, and pour, off as before; repeat this a third time; mix the decanted liquids, and expose the mixture in a broad open vessel to the air during 2 days. Lastly, filter through a linen cloth, and evaporate slowly to extract-consistence, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as opium, but not so powerful, nor so cer- tain in effect. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. v.; in spite of the above puri- fying processes, it is doubtful if any advantage be thereby obtained; the salts of morphia are quite sufficient for any purposes where opium might be objectionable. NARCOTICS. 209 pilula opii sive thebaica, e. Pills of Opium. Prep.—Beat together opium in powder 3U soap grs. xii., and divide into 60 pills, u. s. Use.—In all cases in which opium is used—each pill contains one grain. pilula saponis composita, l. pilula saponis cum opio, d. Compound Pills of Soap. Prep.—Beat together until incorporated hard opium powdered Iss., and soap Iii., u.s. l. d. (the latter College orders Turkey opium.)—or—Beat together (into pill mass) opium 1 part, sul- phate of potass 3 parts, and conserve of red roses 1 part; di- vide into pills of grs. v. each. This pill contains 2ce as much opium as the opiate pill of the last edition of the Edin. Phar- macopoeia. Use.—In cases where treatment by means of anodynes and narcotics is requisite. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv. (and cautiously upwards) in a day (grs. v. hold one grain of opium.) y.s. l. e. d. Tincture of Opium. Lauda- num. Prep.—Digest opium in powder liiss., in diluted alcohol Oii., for 14 days, express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days hard opium powdered liii., in pf. spirit Qii., and strain, l. —or—Digest during 2 hours opium sliced liii., in water (at a temperature nearly 212°) Ixiiiss.; break down the opium with the hand; strain and express the infusion; macerate the residual mass during about 20 hours in rectif. spirit Oi. and Ivii.; then strain and squeeze out very strongly. Mingle the watery and the spirituous infusions and filter, e.—or—Macerate during 14 days Turkey opium coarsely powdered 3x-> in pf. spirit Oi.; strain, D. Use.—(Intl.) to allay irritation and acute pain, and to induce sleep; to relax spasms in tetanic affections; it is probably the best form under which the various powers of opium may be made generally and immediately available. Dose, m. x.—m. xl., and (especially in spasmodic cases) to a seeminglv enormous extent upwards; it should never be prescribed for very young patients. R Tr. opii R Tr. opii Spir. aetheris sulphurici Syrupi tolu Aquae M. f. haustus. Misturae camphorae F. R Tr. opii haustus. Misturae camphorae M. sumat cochl. 18* 210 NARCOTICS. (Extl.) an application (alone or variously combined) to parts af- fected with spasm ; to relieve superficial as well as deep-seated pains ; a valuable adjunct to glysters, &c. tinctura opii ammoniata, e. Ammoniated Tincture of Opium. Scotch Paregoric (Elixir). Prep.—Digest during 7 days benzoic acid, and saffron chopped, each 3vi., opium sliced Iss., and oil of anise 3i-» in spirit of am- monia Oii.; then filter. Use.—(Intl.) to appease the tickling sensation which induces cough, in catarrhal and asthmatic complaints. Dose, m. xxx.— 3ii.—(m. 80. hold gr. i. of opium.) TINCTURA OPII CAMPHORATA, U. S. E. D. TINCTURA CAMPHORA composita, l. Camphorated Tincture of Opium. English Paregoric (Elixir). Prep.—Digest for 14 days powdered opium, benzoic acid, each 3i-» oil of anise f3i-> clarified honey Iii., camphor 9ii., in diluted alcohol Oii., and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days camphor 9iiss., hard opium powdered, am eh grs. lxxii., and oil of anise 3i-» in pf. spirit C..., „„m^, ^.—-t r— Digest during 7 days camphor 9iiss., opium sliced and benzoic acid, each 9iv., and oil of anise 3i-> in pf. spirit Oii., e.—or— Macerate during 14 days Turkey opium powdered, and benzoic acid, each 3i«> camphor 9ii., and essential oil of aniseed 3i-> in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as foregoing, and in pertussis. Dose, m. xx.—%iu.—(Iss. holds about gr. i. of opium.) [tinctura opii acetata, u. s. Acetated Tincture of Opium. Prep.—Rub opium Iii., with vinegar flxii., add alcohol Oss.; macerate 14 days, express and filter. Use.—(Intl.) the same as laudanum. Dose, m. x., or gtts. xx.] trochisci opii, e. Troches of Opium. Prep.—Reduce to a fluid extract opium 3i'« (v. process for ext. opii purificatum); mix it completely with ext. of liquorice (previously reduced to consistence of treacle) 3V« 5 add tincture of tolu Iss.: now sprinkle into the mixture powdered gum-arabic Iv., and pure sugar in fine powder Ivi.; and beat into proper mass, which is to be divided into lozenges of grs. x. each. Use.—See the two preparations preceding. Dose, 1 or 2 lozenges occasionally, (3i. holds nearly gr. i. of opium.) vinum opii, l. e. d. Wine of Opium. (The Liquid lau- danum of Sydenham.) Prep.—Macerate powdered opium Iii., bruised cardamom and NARCOTICS. 211 cloves each 3i., in wine Oi., for 14 days, with occasional agita- tion, express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days puri- fied extract of opium liiss., cinnamon bruised, and cloves bruised, each 3iiss., in sherry wine Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest during 7 days opium liii., cinnamon moderately powdered, and cloves bruised each 3'iss-» in sherry Oii.; filter, e.—or—Macerate dur- ing 8 days Turkey opium Ii., cinnamon bark bruised, and cloves bruised, each 3i-> in Spanish white wine Oi.; filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) about equal in strength with Tinctura opii, and may be employed in same cases ; from the purified extract em- ployed in its formation, and addition of the aromatic ingredients, it is rendered a much more palatable remedy. Dose, m x.—m. xl. (Extl.) much employed as an application (by dropping it on the ball of the eye) in ophthalmia. emplastrum opii, u. s. l. e. d. Opium Plaster. Prep.—Melt together lead plaster ibi., Burgundy pitch liii.; add powdered opium Iii., mixed with boiling water fliv., and boil to proper .consistence, u. s.—or—Melt plaster of lead ibi., and add to it resin of the spruce fir powdered liii., hard opium Iss., and water Iviii.; boil down at a slow heat, till all unite into a proper consistence, l.—or—Liquefy together, litharge plas- ter Ixii., and Burgundy pitch liii. ; slowly add powder of opium Iss., and mix thoroughly e. d. (The D. College orders the plaster to be melted first, and the opium and pitch added after- wards.) Use.—Intended as an anodyne application for rheumatism, and other local pains. LINIMENTUM OPII, L. E. LINIMENTUM SAPONIS CUM OPIO, VEL linimentum anodynum, d. Liniment of Opium. Ano- dyne Liniment. Prep.—Mix together liniment of soap Ivi., and tincture of opium Iii., l.—or—Macerate during 3 days, Castile soap Ivi., and opium liss., in rectif. spirit Oii. ; filter, then add oil of rose- mary 3v»-» and camphor liii.; agitate smartly, e.—or—Mix to- gether soap liniment 4 parts, and tincture of opium 3 parts, d. Use.—In cases of sprain, local rheumatic affections, &c, to remove attendant pain, applied by friction; a very serviceable preparation. Papaver, l. e. papaver somniferum, d. The ripe capsules, (u. s. l. d.)—the capsules not quite ripe, (e.) of P. Somniferum. White Poppy Heads. Use.—To form extemporaneous fomentations, &c, and the fol- lowing officinal preparations:— 212 NARCOTICS. decoctum papaveris, l. e. d. Decoction of Poppy. Prep.—Boil during k hour, poppy-capsules sliced liv., in water Oiv.; strain, l.—or—Proceed in same way with poppy-heads sliced liv., and water Oiii.,E.—or—With capsules of white poppy cut liv., and water Oii., proceed as just stated, d. Use.—As an anodyne emollient fomentation—applicable to local inflammations, painful swellings, Sic, of nearly every va- riety. EXTRACTUM PAPAVERIS, L. E. Extract of Poppy. Prep.—Macerate during 24 hours, poppy-capsules bruised (without the seeds) Ixv., in boiling distilled water cong. i.; then boil down to Oiv., and strain while hot; evaporate to due consist- ence, l. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply, and the evaporation by vapour-bath heat.) Use.—(Intl.) in all cases where opium might be employed; and is said to be free from the nauseating and other objectionable qualities of that substance. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. x. SYRUPUS PAPAVERIS, L. E. SYRUPUS PAPAVERIS SOMNIFERI,D. Syrup of Poppy. Prep.—Boil poppy-capsules Ibiii., in boiling water cong. v., down to cong. ii., and press strongly; boil the strained liquor fur- ther down to Oiv., and strain while hot; set it by during 12 hours that the dregs may subside; then boil the clear liquor down to Oii. ; now add (so as to dissolve) sugar ibv., l.—or—Infuse dur- ing 12 hours poppy-heads sliced (and without the seeds) ibiss., in boiling water Oxv., boil down to Ov.; strain and express strongly Poppy Heads. R Papaveris Lini sem. Aquae ferv. Syrupi (vel mellis) F. gargarisma. R Papaveris Infusi lini Decocque et cola (anodyne enema.) R Decocti papaveris Misturae acaciae Albuminis ovi F. injectio. R Papaveris Belladonnas sice. Aquas Coque et cola (a local bath.) R Syrupi papaveris Decocti amyli M. (in painful angina.) R Syrupi papaveris Ox^mellis scillae 01. olivae M.—or— R Syrupi papav. Misturae acaciae Conservae rosae Acidi sulphurici dil. M. Dosis cochl. min., subinde, (in obstinate coughs, pertussis.) NARCOTICS. 213 through calico, and boil again down to Oiiss.; then add (and by aid of heat dissolve) pure sugar ibiii., e.—or—Macerate, during 21 hours, dried capsules of white poppy, without their seeds Ixvii., in boiling water cong. ii.; then, by means of a water-bath, reduce to cong. i., and strongly squeeze out the liquor; now, further re- duce the liquor to Oii., and strain it while hot; set aside during 12 hours that the dregs may subside; boil down the clear liquor to Oi., and let a syrup be made of it, d. Use.—(Intl.) as an anodyne and sedative, either alone, or as an adjunct to mixtures, &c, when prepared as above, it forms the only suitable opiate (or rather, the one which is least objec- tionable) for infants. It is not unusual, however, to find that a compost of laudanum and treacle is passed off instead—a dan- gerous and highly reprehensible substitution. Dose, 3i-—3iy-» for adults;—m. x.—m. xx., for children ; (it is liable to ferment and spoil, and therefore should be kept in a cool place.) Potassii Ferrocyanidum, l. e. Ferrocyanide of Potassium. F er- rocyanate of Potash. Use.—(Intl.) in some chronic affections of the kidneys, in a suit- able fluid. UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI, U. S. E. D. UNGUENTUM HYDRAR- GYRI fortius, l. Mercurial Ointment. Prep.—At page 24. Use.—See Pill of mercury above. Dose, 3SS«—3i'-> admin- istered by rubbing in to various parts of the body, as the inner aspect of the thighs, arms, groins, &c. unguentum hydrargyri mitius, l. d. Mild Mercurial Oint- ment. Prep.—At page 24. Use.—Same as foregoing, but less powerful. Mezereum, u. s. l. mezereon, e. d. Mezereum. (v. Diaphoretics.) Use.—(Intl.) in palsy of the tongue. Dose, gr. i.—grs. vi., chewed in thin slices. Pyrethmm, u. s. l. e. d. The root of Anthemis Pyrethrum, (l. d.) —of Anacyclus Pyrethrum, (e.) Pellitory of Spain. Use.—In paralyzed states of the tongue, muscles of the throat; stimulants. 223 toothache ; strumous enlargement of the tonsils, and deafness ori- ginating therefrom ; apoplexy and some other affections of the head. Dose, grs. x.—3SS«> chewed. Tabacum, u. s. l. e. nicotiana tabacum, d. Tobacco, (v. Diu- retics.) Use.—Smoked in a pipe, and by other means, or'chewed, to relieve toothache, earache, &c.; it cannot be recommended for internal use. Zingiber, u. s. l. e. d. Rhizoma of Zingiber Officinalis (l.) Offi- cinale, (e.) The root of Ammomum Zingiber, (d.) Ginger. Use.—Chewed in some cases of paralysis in the muscles of the tongue; relaxations of the tonsils and uvula, toothache, Sic Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx. of the solid root. STIMULANTS. iEther SulphuricUS, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphuric Ether. [Density, 735 or under, (e.)—750, (l.)—to that of distilled water as 765 to 1000, (d.)] Use.—(Intl.) in faintings, hysteric affections, Sic, for its diffu- sibly stimulating and antispasmodic action. Dose, 3SS-—3'* i'1 barley water, or the like; it may be added to various liquid me- dicines, suited to restless febrile conditions; its stimulant effects are less enduring than those of alcohol, on which account the adaptation of ether to a wider range of cases is very obvious. (The preparation of the Edin. College is stronger than the others.) (Extl.) may be employed as a stimulant and rubefacient, or as a refrigerant, by preventing or allowing its evaporation, as the case Sulphuric Acid. R iEther. sulphurici 01. cari Aquas menth. pip. Sacchari Aquae M. sumat. unciam subinde, (in flatu- lence of stomach.) R Sp. aether, sulphurici Tr. opii Syrupi croci Misturae camphorae M. f. haustus, (in the com- mencement of ague.) R Sp. aetheris sulphurici comp. Quinae sulphatis Acidi sulphurici aromat. Infusi rosae comp. Tr. opii. M. fiat haustus bis in die supen- dus, 224 STIMULANTS. may be: also as a contribution to gargles in inflammatory sore throat. spiritus atheris sulphurici, e. Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. Prep.—Mix together sulphuric ether Oi., and rectif. spirit Oii. [Density should be 809.] Use.—(Intl.) v. Aether Sulphuricus. Dose, m. xx.—3ii. OLEUM ATHEREUM, U. S. L. LIQUOR ATHEREUS OLEOSUS, D. Ethereal Oil. Use.—See page 48. liquor athereus sulphuricus, d. Sulphuric Ethereal Li- quor. Use.—v. page 48. spiritus atheris sulphurici compositus, u. s. l. Com- pound Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. Hoffman's Anodyne. Prep.—Mix together sulphuric ether Iviii., rectif. spirit Ixvi., and ethereal oil 3iii- Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. xx.—3ii. Alcohol, u.s. l. e. d. Alcohol, (l. d. e.) (Density, 0.835, u. s.) Absolute Alcohol, (e.) [Density, 815 (l.) ; 794-6 (e.) ; 810, (d.)] Use.—(Intl.) never exhibited in the concentrated form, but di- luted, either extemporaneously, or as wine, &c. &c.; in faintings ; depressed stages of delirium tremens, typhoid fevers ; dyspepsia, hysteria. Dose, 3i-—Iss., diluted sufficiently. The solvent and preservative powers of alcohol are made available in the formation of Tinctures, Sic; it is an invaluable agent for numerous phar- maceutic purposes. (Extl.) undiluted alcohol is advised to be applied, directly, to burns, in cases where the cuticle is unbroken ; and to superficial inflammations, particularly of the joints ; pas- sive hemorrhages, sprains, Sic R Sp. aetheris sulphurici comp. ---ammonias foetid. Misturae moschi Syrupi zingiberis F. haustus, spasmo ventri- culi urgenti, capiendus. R Sp. asth. sulphurici comp. Ammoniae carb. Confec. aromaticas Tr. opii Mistur. camphorae M. fiat haustus. R Sp. aether, sulphurici Tr. moschi Misturae amygdalae ------- ammoniaci M. f. haustus, bis, terve, in die sum. STIMULANTS. 225 [alcohol dilutum, u. s. Diluted Alcohol. Prep.—Alcohol and distilled water each Oi. ; mix. (Density, 0.935.)] spiritus rectificatus, l. e. d. Rectified Spirit. Spirit. Contains 2 equ. of alcohol to 1 of water. [Density, 838, (e.)—838 (58 over proof, e.)—844 at 51° or 840 at 60°, (»•)] Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, 3i-—3ss-> diluted suffi- ciently. spiritus tenuior, l. e. d. Weaker, or Proof Spirit. Con- tains 1 equ. of alcohol to 3 of water. [Density, 920, (l.) —912 (7 over proof, e.)—should be 923 at 51°, or 919 at 60°, (d.)] Use.—(Intl.) and (Extl.) same as alcohol. Dose, Iss.—Ii., diluted considerably. spiritus vini gallici, l. Spirit of French Wine, or Brandy. Use.—(Intl.) in depressed conditions of fever; faintness from accidents, or other causes. Dose, 3ii«—Ii« (Extl.) a valuable contribution to some lotions, Sic mistura spiritus vini gallici, l. Brandy Mixture. Prep.—Mix together spirit of French wine, (brandy) and cin- namon water, each liv., the yolk of 2 eggs, purified sugar Iss., and oil of cinnamon m. ii. Use.—(Intl.) stimulating restorative in sunk stages of typhus, and for numerous purposes. Dose,3ii-—liss. Allium, u. s. l. e. allium sativum, D. Garlick. (v. Epispastics.) Use.—(Intl.) in fevers of typhoid character ; asthmatic com- plaints, chronic catarrh, Sic Dose, from 1 to 6 of the cloves (swallowed whole) 2 or 3 times a-day ; or of their expressed juice 3ss.—3'i* (Extl.) v. under Epispastics. Allium Cepa, d. The bulb of the Onion. Use.—(Extl.) as a stimulating maturating poultice to some tu- mours. Liquor Ammonia; Fortior, u. s. ammonia liquor fortior, l. aqua AMMONIA FORTIOR, E. Use.—(Intl.) never in the concentrated state, but when suffi- ciently reduced with milk, water, veal-broth, &c, in some spas- modic affections, hysteria, asphyxia, Sic Dose, m. i.—m. xv. (Extl.) a piece of cloth, or bibulous paper wetted with this liquor, is sometimes useful as a vesicatory or rubefacient in cases of pain- 226 STIMULANTS. ful deep-seated inflammations; acts as a valuable excitant in syn- cope. LIQUOR AMMONIA, U.S. L. AQUA AMMONIA, E. AQUA AMMO- NIA caustics, d. Water of Ammonia. Use.—(Intl.) in faintings, spasmodic and paralytic affections, &c.; nervous debility. Dose, m. x.—m. xx., largely diluted with beer, milk, Sic. (Extl.) same as preceding. AMMONIA CARBONAS, U. S. E. D. AMMONIA SESQUICARBONAS, L. Carbonate of Ammonia, (v. Antacids.) Use.—(Intl.) similar to, but less energetic than the preceding. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv. (Extl.) forms the active basis of various smelling salts. LIQUOR AMMONIA SESQUICARBONATIS, L. AMMONIA CARBONA- TIS aqua, e. d. Water of Carbonate of Ammonia. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing; especially suitable to dyspep- tic complaints attended with acidity of stomach, &c. Dose, 3ss. —3ii«» in some simple liquid. ammonia oxalas, e. Oxalate of Ammonia. Use.—Only as a test. spiritus ammonia, u. s. l. e. d. Spirit of Ammonia. Prep.—Muriate of ammonia, lime, each ibi., alcohol flxx., water flix.; slake the lime with the water, mix with the muriate of ammonia, and proceed as for solution of ammonia, the alcohol being substituted for the water, u. s.—or—Mix together and distil Oiii. from the following:—hydrochlorate of ammonia Ix., carbon- ate of potash Ixvi., rectif. spirit and water, each Oiii., l.—or— Slake (in an iron or earthen vessel) fresh-burnt lime Ixii., in wa- ter Iviss.; cover up till the powder is cold; now add to it, and quickly and completely mix (in a mortar) muriate of ammonia, in fine powder Iviii.; transfer the mixture at once to a retort; place rectif. spirit Oii. in a bottle with a connecting tube (passing to near its bottom) from the retort; apply sand-bath heat so long as anything passes down the neck of the retort, preserving the bottle cool—the bottle should be large enough to hold | more than the spirit used, e.—or—Mix together rectif. spirit Oiii., and car- bonate of ammonia, roughly powdered, liiiss.; dissolve the salt at a gentle heat; filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) a diffusible stimulant of great energy—in spasmo- dic and hysterical affections, faintings, and general purposes for which preparations of ammonia are employed; it is a valuable pharmaceutic agent. Dose, 3ss.—3i-» sufficiently diluted. (Extl.) applied as a rubefacient, either in the way described under liquor STIMULANTS. 227 ammonias fortior, or as a stimulating contribution to liniments, Sic SPIRITUS AMMONIA AROMATICUS, U. S. L. E. D. Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. Prep.—Mix together hydrochlorate of ammonia Iv., carb. of potash Iviii., cinnamon bruised, and cloves, each 3ii-» lemon-peel I iv., rectif. spirit and water, each Oiv.; distil Ovi, u.s. l.—or— Mix together spirit of ammonia Iviii., volatile oil of lemon-peel 3i., volatile oil of rosemary 3iss- 5 agitate so as to dissolve the oils in the spirit, e.—or—Digest in a covered dish, during 3 days (shaking occasionally) spirit of ammonia Oii., essential oil of le- mons 3ii-» nutmegs bruised Iss., cinnamon bark, bruised, 3iii-; then distil ibiss., d. Use.—(Intl.) similar to the foregoing—but much more agreea- ble for all purposes. Dose, 3ss.—^i. (Extl.) in syncope, &c, the pungent vapour of ammonia is rendered more acceptable by addition of the aromatics. spiritus ammonia FffiTiDus, l. e. d. Fastid Spirit of Am- monia. Prep.—Mix together hydrochlorate of ammonia Ix., carb. of potash Ixvi., rectif. spirit and water, each Oiii., and assafcetida I v.; then, at a slow heat, distil Oiii., l.—or—Digest during 12 hours, assafcetida broken into fragments Iss., in sp. of ammonia Ixss.; then, at vapour-bath heat, distil over Ixss., e.—or—Ma- cerate during 3 days (shaking occasionally) assafcetida 3x., in spi- rit of ammonia Oii.; then pour off the liquor, and let Oiss. be distilled therefrom, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as spiritus ammonias; from combination with assafastida, this preparation (though by no means an agreea- ble one) is adapted to afford relief in dyspeptic flatulency, and other cases where antispasmodic and carminative action are re- quired. Dose, 3ss.—3i-> diffused in water. linimentum ammonia, u. s. l. e. d. Liniment of Ammonia. Volatile Liniment. Prep.—Shake together till mixed, solution of ammonia Ii., and olive oil Iii., u.s. l. e.—or—Mix by shaking, water of caustic ammonia 3iio and olive oil Iii., d. Use.—As stimulating applications in varieties of sore throat, cynanche tonsillaris, spasmodic pains, Sic ; sprains, and rheuma- tism, especially of the joints. It may be either rubbed over the part affected, or (which is greatly better) lightly spread on flannel, and thus applied. 228 STIMULANTS. linimentum ammonia compositum, e. Compound Liniment of Ammonia. Prep.—Mix well together stronger water of ammonia Iv., tinc- ture of camphor Iii., and spirit of rosemary Ii. It may be made weaker when required, with tincture of camphor liii., and spirit of rosemary Iii. Use.—As an application similar in purpose to the preceding, the camphor is supposed to contribute anodyne properties. LINIMENTUM AMMONIA SESQUICARBONATIS, L. Liniment of Sesquicarbonate of Ammonia. Prep.—Shake together till mixed, solution of sesquicarbonate of ammonia Ii., and olive oil liii. Use.—Similar to Linimentum ammonias—the present is a milder preparation. tinctura ammonia composita, l. Compound Tincture of Ammonia. Prep.—Digest (so as to dissolve) mastich 3ii-> in rectif. spirit 3ix.; pour off the clear tincture ; then add oil of lavender m. xiv., oil of amber m. iv., and stronger solution of ammonia Oi. ; shake all together. Use.—(Intl.) similar to Spir. of ammonia, sometimes employed in pertussis ;—it is a powerfully excitant remedy. Dose, m. v.— m. x., largely diluted. Ammoniacum, emplastrum ammoniaci, u. s. l. d. Ammoniac Plaster. Prep.—At page 48. Use.—In cases of indolent tumours, particularly those of a scrofulous kind ; white swelling, &c. EMPLASTRUM ammoniaci cum hydrargyro, l. d. emplast. ammoniaci et hydrargyri, e. Plaster of Ammoniac with Mercury. Prep.—Gradually add sulphur grs. viii. to heated olive oil 3'-» stirring constantly with a spatula, until they unite ; then rub along with them mercury liii., until globules are no longer visible; lastly, slowly add ammoniacum (melted) ibi. ; and mix them all, Ammoniacum. R Senegas R Ammoniaci Aquae ferv. Coque, cola Saponis et adjice 01. juniperi Div. in Ammoniaci pilulas. Syrupi tolu. F. mistura, cujus sumat. STIMULANTS. 229 l. e.—or—Rub mercury liii., with turpentine 3"m till the metal- lic globules disappear; then slowly add melted ammoniacum ibi., and at a moderate heat rub all together until they unite, d. Use.—As an application to venereal nodes; and for the same purpose with the foregoing,—but a more powerful remedy. Armoracia, u. s. l. e. Horseradish, (v. Sialagogues.) Use.—(Intl.) chronic rheumatism, paralytic diseases, Sic. Dose, 3i«—3ii- (Extl.) see Sialagogues. INFUSUM ARMORACIA, U. S. INFUSUM ARMORACIA COMPOSITUM, L. D. Prep.—Fresh horseradish root sliced, mustard seed bruised, each Ii., boiling water Oi.; macerate 2 hours in a covered vessel, u.s.—or—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 2 hours horseradish sliced, and mustard bruised, each Ii., in boiling dis- tilled water Oi., and strain ; then add compound spirit of horse- radish Ii., l.—or—Digest in a covered dish during 6 hours horse- radish root sliced, and mustard seeds bruised, each Ii., in boiling water Oi.; strain, then add comp. spirit of horseradish Ii., D. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant (diuretic) in cases alluded to in foregoing; also employed in dropsies. Dose, Ii.—liii., 2ce or 3ce daily. spiritus armoracia compositus, l. d. Compound Spirit of Horseradish. Prep.—Mix together horseradish sliced, dried orange peel, each Ixx., nutmeg bruised 3v., pf. spirit cong. i., and water Oii.; then at a slow heat distil cong. i., l.—or—Macerate during 24 hours fresh horseradish root, and dried orange peel, each ibi., nutmegs bruised Iss., pf. spirit cong. i., and water enough to prevent em- pyreuma; then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of debility attendant on dropsical dis- eases. Dose, 3ss.—Iss. Amiea, u.s. arnica Montana, d. Mountain Arnica. The Flowers. Leaves. Root. Mountain Tobacco. Use.—(Intl.) in convulsions, rheumatism, paralytic affections; gout, chlorosis, Sic ; amaurosis; formerly as an emmenagogue, and Arnica. R Arnicas Aquae, ferv. cola per chartam. (in some cases of apoplexy, and para- lysis.) R Arnicas 20 Aquae Vini albi Coque, cola, et adde Syrupi aurantii Misce. R Arnicae Camphorae Cinnamomi M. f. bolus. 230 STIMULANTS. in intermittent fevers. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., or as infusion (say 3i., in water Iviii.) Ii.—liss., 2ce or 3ce daily. Its acrid nature and the great irritation of the throat, Sic, which it is apt to excite, form a strong objection to its employment. OlCHm CajUpUti, U. S. CAJUPUTI, L. CAJUPUTI OLEUM, E. MELA- LEUCA leucadendron, d. Cajeput Oil. (v. Antispasmo- dics.) Use.—(Intl.) in paralytic, hysteric, and epileptic diseases; it also acts as a stimulating diuretic. Dose, m. i.—m. vi., in sugar. (Extl.) sometimes of efficacy as an application in toothache ; in rheumatism, gout, &c. Camphora, u. s. l. e. d. Camphor, (v. Narcotics.) Use.—(Intl.) in typhoid diseases generally. Dose, grs. v.— 9i. (Extl.) see the following preparations :— acidum aceticum camphoratum, e. d. Camphorated Acetic Acid. Prep.—Triturate (by aid of a small quantity of rectif. spirit) camphor Iss., and then dissolve it in acetic acid Iviss., e.—or— Proceed in same way with camphor Iss., and acetic acid Ivi.,D. Use.—In faintings, Sic ; administered by being inhaled by the nose. LINIMENTUM CAMPHORA, U. S. L. E. OLEUM CAMPHORATUM, D. Camphor Liniment. Prep.—Dissolve camphor Iss. in olive oil flii., u.s.—or— Dissolve camphor Ii., in olive oil liv., l. e. (the latter College di- rects the camphor to be rubbed with the oil in a mortar)—or— Rub together camphor $i., and olive oil Ii., d. Use.—A stimulant and anodyne application to sprains, glandu- lar swellings, chronic rheumatic complaints; bruises—the lini- ment is applied by rubbing in. linimentum camphora compositum, l. d. Compound Cam- phor Liniment. Prep.—Mix together solution of ammonia Iviiss., and spirit of Camphor. 01. terebinth. R Camphorae Liq. potassae Potassae nitratis 01. olivae M. pro em- Ovi, vitelli q. s. brocations. Aquas F. emulsio, cujus R Linimenti camphorae comp. capiat pro dosi. Tr. cantharidis R Linimenti camphorae ---opii M. parti dolenti --------ammonias applicand. STIMULANTS. 231 lavender Oi.; then distil therefrom at a slow heat (and with a glass retort) Oi.; lastly dissolve it in camphor liiss., l.—or—Mix wa- ter of caustic ammonia Ivi., with spirit of lavender Oi. ; then from a glass retort distil at gentle heat Oi., and dissolve therein camphor Iii., d. Use.—A more powerful application than the foregoing, but em- ployed for similar purposes. AQUA CAMPHORA, U. S. MISTURA CAMPHORA, L. E. D. Cam- phor Water. Prep.—Rub together camphor 3SS*» and rectif. spirit in. x. ; then gradually pour in water Oi.; and strain, l.—or—Blanch sweet almonds (in hot water) Iss.; rub together camphor 9i., and pure sugar Iss.; to this add the almonds, and beat all into smooth pulp; then gradually add water Oi., stirring constantly ; strain, e.—or—Rub camphor 9i., with rectif. spirit m. x.; then with refined sugar Iss.; and, lastly, with hot water gradually added Oi.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as an excipient for more active medicines. Dose, Iss.—Iii. mistura camphora cum magnesia, e. d. Mixture of Cam- phor with Magnesia. Prep.—Rub together camphor grs. x., and carbonate of magne- sia grs. xxv.; then gradually add water Ivi., e.—or—Proceed in same manner with camphor grs. xn., carbonate of magnesia 3ss., and water Ivi., d. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, Iss.—Iii. TINCTURA CAMPHORA, U. S. L. E. (sive SPIRITUS CAMPHORA- tus,) d. Tincture of Camphor. Prep.—Mix so as to dissolve camphor Iv., in rectif. spirit Oii., l.—or—Dissolve camphor in small fragments liiss., rectif. spirit Oii.. e.—or—Mix so as to dissolve camphor Ii., in rectif. spirit Iviii., u. s. d. Use.—(Extl.) as a stimulating and anodyne application, in cases of chilblains; spasmodic and rheumatic pains, &c. R Sp. aetheris sulphurici comp. Tr. opii Syrupi papav. Mistur. camphorae M. f. haustus (anight draught). R Mistura camphorae Sp. aether, sulpliurici comp. Tr. cardamomi comp. Sp. anisi 01. cari Sp. zingiberis Aquas menth. pip. F. mis- tura, cujus sum. cochl. (in flatulent colic.) 232 STIMULANTS. Cardamine, l. cardamine pratensis, d. Cuckoo Flower, (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Intl.) in spasmodic affections chiefly. Dose,3i.—3ii-» in powder. [Cardamomum, u. s. l. e. Cardamom, (v. Tonics.) Use.—(Intl.) an agreeable and grateful aromatic, rarely given alone, but enters into a number of officinal preparations.] Caryophyllus, u. s. l. e. d. The unexpanded flowers of C. Aro- maticus, (u. s.) The dried buds (l.)—the dried undeveloped flower (e.) of Caryophyllus aromaticus. The unopened flowers, and essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata (d.)— the Clove-tree. Clove. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating corrective addition to other me- dicines, those especially which are apt to induce griping. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., in powder. INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLI, U. S. L. E. INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLO- RUM, D. Prep.—Digest bruised cloves 3ii-» in boiling water Oi., for 2 hours in a covered vessel, and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate during • 2 hours in a lightly covered vessel cloves bruised 3iii-» in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, L. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply)—or—Proceed in same way with bruised cloves 3i., and boiling water Oss., d. Use.— (Intl.) as a stimulating stomachic in gout, flatulent colic, &c. ; chiefly as a vehicle. Dose, Ii.—Iii. caryophylli oleum, u. s. l. e. (See Caryophyllus above), D. The volatile oil from Caryophyllus. Oil of Cloves. Use.—(Intl.) same as the clove in substance; added to pills, &c. &c, to prevent griping from their ingredients. Dose, m. i. —m. vi., on sugar. (Extl.) combined with oil it forms a useful application in hooping-cough ; the oil inserted into a hollow tooth is frequently serviceable in appeasing the pain of toothache. [Capsicum, u. s. l. Cayenne Pepper, (v. Epispastics.) Use.—(Intl.) a powerful stimulant, but more local than gene- ral; in dyspepsia and atonic gout, but more employed as a gargle Oil of Cloves. R 01. caryophylli R 01. caryophylli — succini Tr. opii — olivae M. iEtheris sulphurici M. (in pertussis). (in toothache). STIMULANTS. 233 in malignant sore-throat, as an infusion with common salt. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x., of infusion, (3ij. to boiling water Oss.) flss. tinctura capsici, u.s. l. e. d. Tincture of Cayenne Pep- per. Use.—(Intl.) in low states of system, with great gastric insen- sibility. Dose, f3i.—3'j«] Ccrcvisiae Fcrmentum, l. d. Yeast. Use.—To form the following:— cataplasma fermenti, l. catap. ferm. cerevisia, d. Yeast Cataplasm. Prep.—Mix together flour ibi., and yeast of beer Oss.; apply a gentle heat until they begin to rise, l.—or—Proceed in same way with yeast ibss., and flour ibi., d. Use.—As an antiseptic discutient, and digestive application to sloughing ulcers, tedious abscesses. [Cinnamomum, u. s. l. e. d. Cinnamon, (v. Tonics.) r Use.—As a stimulating carminative, acts more as a local than • general stimulant. Dose of powder gr. x.—9j.; chiefly used as adjuvant.] Cocculus, e. cocculus suberosus, d. Cocculus Indicus. (v. Nar- cotics.) Use.—(Extl.) to destroy pediculi, Sic—for this purpose it is dusted over the infested region; also employed in the following form :— unguentum cocculi, e. Ointment of Cocculus Indicus. Prep.—Take any requisite amount of cocculus indicus and 5 times their weight of axunge, separate, and retain the kernels of the cocculus indicus ; beat these well in a mortar by themselves, and then with a little axunge; add the rest of the axunge. Use.—Same as foregoing. Cochlearia Officinalis, d. The Herb. Common Scurvy-Grass. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant, antiscorbutic, and diuretic; as an antidote to sea-scurvy particularly, it formerly was esteemed spe- cific. Dose (of the fresh plant), ad libitum; of the expressed juice Ii.—liii. Creasotum, u. s. e. creasoton, l. Creasote. (v. Epispastics.) Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating diuretic, antiseptic, and tonic—in diabetes, dropsies, gout, sea-sickness, &c. Dose, m. i.—m. vi. (mixed with alcohol and water, or mistura camphor as), Ice a^day. 20* 234 STIMULANTS. (Extl.) in persistent skin diseases, tedious foul ulcers, Sic—in all of these cases the object being to induce healthy action in the af- fected parts. mistura creasoti, e. Creasote Mixture. Prep.—Mix together creasote, and acetic acid, each m. xvi.; then slowly add water Ixiv., and lastly syrup, and comp. spirit of juniper, each Ii. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, Iss.—Iii., (each Ii. holds m. i. of creasote.) unguentum creasoti, u.s. l. e. Creasote Ointment. Prep.—Creasote f3ss.; add to lard Ii., previously melted, and stir till cold, u. s.—or—Rub and mix together creasote 3ss-» and lard Ii., l.—or—Melt axunge liii., and add creasote 3i-> sur them smartly, and until the mixture concretes on cooling, e. Use.—As an application in cases alluded to under Creasoton. Cupri Subacetas, u.s. d. arugo, l. e. Subacetate of Copper. (v. Epispastics.) Use.—(Extl.) an application to foul ulcers, those especially with tough edges, fungous growths, &c. The liniment and oint- * ment of Verdigris may be used in same way : see these at page 176. Curcuma, u.s. l. e. curcuma longa, d. The rhizoma of C. Longa, (u.s.) The rootstock, (l. e.)—the root (d.) of C. Longa. Turmeric. Use.—(Intl.) in uterine and urinary complaints; being slightly stimulant and tonic, it has been employed as a stomachic—and for this purpose as an ingredient in curries. Dose, 3ss.—3"-' or °f infusion (say 3ii«» to water Oi.) 2 or three tablespoonfuls daily. Elemi, l. e. d. The resinous exudation obtained from Amyris Elemifera, (l. d.)—from one or more unascertained plants, (e.) Use.—Only in formation of the following:— unguentum elemi, l. d. Ointment of Elemi. (The old Linimentum Arcaei.) Prep.—Melt together elemi ibi., and suet ibii.; remove from the fire, and immediately add and mix in common turpentine Ix., and olive oil Iii.; press through linen cloth, l.—or—Form the Creasote. Ext. glycyr. R Creasoti Aquas q. s. ut fiat massa ; ex- Altheae rad., pulv. qua form. pil. aagr. STIMULANTS. 235 following into an ointment:—elemi resin ibi., white wax ibss.' and prepared lard ibiv.; strain whilst hot through a sieve, d. Use.—As a stimulant, digestive application to unhealthy sores ; also employed to maintain discharge from issues and setons. Galbanum, u. s. l. e. d. Galbanum. (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Intl.) in chlorotic cases (see p. 163); rheumatism, asthma. Dose, grs. v.—9i., 2 or 3 times a-day, as pills or emul- sion. EMPLASTRUM GALBANI COMPOSITUM, U. S. EMPLASTRUM GAL- BANI, L. D. EMPLASTRUM GUMMOSUM, E. Prep.—Galbanum Iviij., lead plaster ibiij., turpentine 3x., burgundy pitch liij. Melt the galbanum and turpentine, strain; add the pitch and then the lead plaster melted over a gentle fire; mix the whole together, u.s.—or—Melt together galbanum Iviii., and common turpentine 3x.; add first resin of the spruce-fir pow- dered liii., then plaster of lead (melted at a slow fire) ibiii.; mix, L-—-or—Melt together ammoniac, and galbanum, each Iss., then strain ; melt also together litharge plaster liv., and bees-wax Iss.; add the former to the latter, and mix completely, e.—or—Melt galbanum ibss., and add to it litharge plaster ibii., and scrapings of yellow wax liv.; strain, d. Use.—As a highly stimulant, discutient (or suppurative) appli- cation; considered highly efficacious incases of tedious glandular tumours. [Gaultheria, u. s. Leaves of G. Procumbens. Partridge berry. Use.—(Intl.) used in infusion as an aromatic stimulant, espe- cially in chronic diarrhoea, but generally to prepare the following. oleum gaultheria, u. s. Oil of Partridge berry. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as an adjuvant to disguise the taste of other medicines ; is poisonous in over doses.] Manganesii Oxidum, u.s. e. manganesh binoxydum, l. (oxy- dum), D. Use.—(Intl.) combined with aloes, and savine as a stimulant emmenagogue. Dose, grs. ii.—grs. iv., 3 or 4 times daily. It is employed in some pharmaceutic processes. Melissa, u. s. e. melissa officinalis, d. The herb of M. Offi- cinalis. Common Balm. Use.—(Intl.) as a gently stimulating stomachic; has some diu- retic properties. Dose, grs. x.—3ss.; more usually in form of infusion, balm-tea (say 3iv., to water Oi.) 236 STIMULANTS. [Monarda, u. s. Herb of Monarda Punctata. Horsemint. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant and carminative in infusion, given in flatulent colic, but principally used to obtain the following:— oleum monarda, u. s. Oil of Horsemint. Use.—(Intl.) as a carminative. Dose, gtts. ii.—gtts. iii., with sugar and water. (Extl.) v. Epispastics.] Myristica; Adeps, e. The concrete expressed oil from the kernel of the fruit of Myristica Officinalis. Concrete oil of Nut- meg. Use.—As a gentle stimulant, and emollient application for sprains, &c. Nux Vomica, u. s. l. e. d. The seeds of Strychnos Nux Vomica. Nux Vomica, or Koochla tree. Ratsbane. Use.—(Intl.) in gout, rheumatism, dyspeptic complaints; as an excitant of the nervous system in paralysis, whether from absorption of lead, or otherwise. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. xii. (Extl.) in paralytic affections of the extremities, &c, it is sometimes ad- ministered by dusting it in powder over (previously blistered) parts of the spinal region. extractum nucis-vomica, u. s. e. d. Extract of Nux Vo- mica. Prep.—Expose (in a proper vessel) to steam any convenient quantity of nux vomica; when perfectly softened slice, then dry it completely ; and immediately grind it in a coffee-mill; exhaust the powder either by percolating (v. process) with rectif. spirit, or by boiling with successive portions of rectif. spirit until said spirit comes off free of bitterness. Distil away the greater part of the spirit; evaporate what remains (in the vapour-bath) to due consistence, u.s. e.—or—Digest in a closed vessel during 3 days nux vomica rasped Iviii., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, and then ex- press the residual mass by a press ; to this mass add pf. spirit ibiss.; digest during 3 days, and again express ; mix the liquors, distil off to k part, then reduce to proper consistence, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, gr. ss., very gradually raised to grs. iii. Nux Vomica. R Nucis vomicae R Nucis vomicae Confect. rosas gal. q. s. M. Acaciae f. pil. Sacchari, pur. Di- vide in chartulas quar. sumat. stimulants. 237 tinctura nucis vomica, d. Tincture of Nux Vomica. Prep.—Macerate during 7 days fruit of strychnos nux vomica rasped Iii., in rectif. spirit Iviii. ; and strain. Use.—(Intl.) same as nux vomica in substance, but more effi- cient. Dose, m. v.—m. xx. (Extl.) as an embrocation for pal- sied limbs, Sic Origani Oleum, u. s. l. d. (v. Carminatives.) Oil of Origanum. Use.—(Intl.) in weakened conditions of stomach ; but scarcely ever thus employed. Dose, m. i.—m. v. (Extl.) as a stimu- lant and rubefacient in sprains, &c.; said sometimes to have re- lieved tooth-ache. Oleum Origani Majorana;, e. Oil of Sweet Marjoram, (v. Er- rhines.) Use.—See foregoing. Petroleum, u. s. l. e. d. Petroleum, (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Extl.) as an application (by friction) in rheumatic af- fections of the joints; paralysis of limbs, &c. Sic Phosphorus, u. s. l. Phosphorus. Use.—(Intl.) in asphyxia of cholera, it has been administered with advantage. Dose, gr. 1-16—gr. 5, dissolved in ether or alcohol; never in the solid state. Piper, u. s. piper nigrum, l. e. d. Black Pepper, (v. Epis- pastics.) Use.—(Intl.) as a contribution to other medicines, to obviate flatulency, and correct their griping and nauseating tendency. Much employed for culinary purposes, as a condiment. unguentum piperis nigri, d. Ointment of Black Pepper. Prep.—Mix together so as to form an ointment, prepared lard ibi., and black pepper powdered liv. Use.—As a stimulating application in porrigo. Pix Abietis, u. s. fix abietina, l. pix burgundica, e. d. The prepared concrete juice of Abies Excelsa, (u.s.) The pre- pared resin from Pinus Abies, (l. d.) The concrete resin- Black Pepper. R Piperis R Piperis Conservae aurantii cort. Vini F. infu- Syrupi q. s. M. dosis sum cujus sumat coch- in die. learia pro dosi. 238 STIMULANTS. ous exudation probably in a great measure from Abies Ex- celsa, (e.) Burgundy Pitch. Use.—(Extl.) in renal complaints; severe catarrh, pertussis, dyspnasa, and pulmonary affections generally; applied as a rube- facient in the following form :— emplastrum picis, l. e. Pitch Plaster. Prep.—Melt together Burgundy pitch Ibii., resin and wax, each liv.; then add resin of the spruce fir ibi., expressed oil of nut- megs Ii., olive oil and water, each Iii. Mix all, and boil down to proper consistence, l.—or—Proceed in same way with Bur- gundy pitch ibiss., resin and bees'-wax, each Iii., oil of mace Iss., olive oil Ii., and water Ii., e. Use.—See preceding. Pix Liquida;, u. s. l. e. d. (v. Expectorants.) Tar. Use.—(Intl.) it possesses stimulant, diaphoretic and alterative qualities ; and has been employed in skin diseases. Inhalation of the vapour from tar (when boiling) has been recommended in phthisis, and chronic affections of the bronchial tubes, (v. page 187.) (Extl.) as a detergent application in tinea capitis, and te- dious foul sores. unguentum picis liquida, u. s. l. e. d. Tar Ointment. Prep.—Melt together liquid pitch and suet, equal parts ; strain through linen, u. s. l.—or—Melt at a gentle heat bees'-wax Iii., and add to it tar Iv.; stir briskly while the mixture concretes on cooling, e.—or—Melt together tar and mutton suet, equal parts ; then strain through a sieve, d. Use.—Same as external use of preceding. aqua picis liquida, d. Tar Water. Prep.—Mix together tar Oii., and water cong. i.; stir with a wooden rod during \ hour ; then, after the tar has subsided, strain the liquor, and keep in well-stopped vessels. Use.—(Intl.) formerly esteemed specific in scorbutus, and cu- taneous affections. Dose, Iviii.—Oii., in course of a day (now obsolete). Pil Nigra, l. pix arida, e. The prepared solid resin, (l.)— from various species of Pinus and Abies, (e.) Black Pitch. Pitch. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant alterative, in ichthyosis. Dose, grs. x.—3i«> as pills- (Extl.) in the following form:— unguentum ncis nigra, l. Ointment of Black Pitch. Prep.—Melt together black pitch, wax and resin, each lix., and olive oil Ixvi.; then press through linen. stimulants. 239 Use.—In cases of foul eruptions, sores, Sic ; where detersive and stimulating remedies are wanted. Porrum, l. The bulb of Allium Porrum. The Leek. Use.—(Intl.) as a gently stimulating expectorant, diaphoretic, Sic—in some asthmatical affections, catarrh, dropsy; much em- ployed for culinary purposes. Dose, 3i-—3'v« Potassa. potassa chloras, l. Chlorate of Potash. Use.—(Intl.) in low stages of typhus and typhoid diseases. Dose, grs. v.—9i. (it possesses stimulant and tonic properties.) LIQUOR POTASSA, U. S. L. POTASSA AQUA, E. POTASSA caustica aqua, d. Solution of Potassa. Use.—(Extl.) as an active contribution to stimulant lotions, in swellings of gouty character; rickets, &c. potassii bromidum, l. Bromide of Potassium. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant deobstruent in glandular enlarge- ments, (of the spleen more particularly.) Dose, grs. iii.—grs. x., 2 or 3 times daily, (v. page 15.) POTASSII SULPHURETUM, U. S. L. E. POTASSA SULPHURETUM, D. Sulphuret of Potassium. Use.—'(Intl.) in rheumatism; asthma, pertussis, &c. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. xv., (scarcely ever now employed.) (Extl.) in un- yielding cutaneous eruptions—as lepra, scabies, Sic; in form of (sufficiently diluted) lotion (say Iss., to water Ivi.) potassa sulphureti aqua, d. Water of Sulphuret of Po- tassium. Prep.—Boil during 10 minutes, washed sulphur 1 part, and water of caustic-potass 11 parts; then filter through paper, and keep in well-stopped vessels. [Sp. gravity should be 1117.] Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, m. xx.—3iss-> 2ce daily. (Extl.) same as the sulphuret. Resina, u. s. l. e. pinus abies, d. The residuum after the dis- tillation of the volatile oil from the turpentine of Pinus Pa- lustris, and other species of Pinus, (u. s.) The residue of Turpentine after the oil has been distilled, (l.)—Residue of the distillation from Turpentines of various species of Pinus and Abies, (e.)—Resin of Spruce Fir, (d.) Resin. Use.—In formation of plasters, it is employed as a stimulant contribution or basis; the following are examples:— 240 STIMULANTS. CERATUM RESINA, U. S. L. UNGUENTUM RESINOSUM, E. UNO. resina alba, d. Resin Cerate. (Yellow Basilicon.) Prep.—Melt together at a slow heat, resin and wax, each ibi.; then add olive oil Ixvi., and press the cerate while hot through linen, l.—or—Melt together at a gentle heat, resin I v., axunge Iviii., and bees'-wax Iii.; stir the mixture smartly while it cools and concretes, u. s. e.—or—Form an ointment (by aid of heat) from the following:—yellow wax ibi., white resin ibii., and pre- pared lard ibiv.; strain whilst hot through a sieve, d. Use.—As a stimulant, detergent application to indolent foul ul- cers, &c. EMPLASTRUM RESINA, U. S. L. EMPLASTRUM RESINOSUM, E. emplastrum lythargyri cum resina, d. Adhesive Plas- ter. Prep.—Melt at a slow heat, plaster of lead ibiii., and add to it powdered resin ibss.; mix, u. s. l.—or—Melt together at a moderate heat, litharge plaster Iv.,and resin Ii.; stir the mixture well, until it concretes on cooling, e.—or—Melt at a moderate heat, litharge plaster ibviiss.; then add yellow resin in fine pow- der ibss., and form a plaster, d. Use.—As a defensative, bracing application, in some cases of wounds ; and to protect surfaces from irritating discharge of neigh- bouring sores, &c. Rosmarinus, u. s. l. e. Rosmarinus officinalis, d. Rosemary. (v. Emmenagogues.) Use.—(Intl.) in chlorosis, amenorrhasa, hysteria, Sic Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx.; its employment in substance is obsolete. OLEUM ROSMARINI, U. S. L. E. OL. RORISMARINI, D. Oil of Rosemary. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. ii.—m. vi., rubbed with white sugar. (Extl.) as a pleasant active adjunct to liniments, &c, for resolvent purposes. Sambuci Oleum, l. Oil of Elder Flowers. Use.—(Intl.) as a slightly aromatic stimulant contribution to mixtures, Sic Dose, m. ii.—m. v. Sapo, u. s. l. sapo durus, e. d. Soap. (v. Antacids.) Use.—(Extl.) valuable as a detergent and stimulant in cutaneous affections; much employed as a basis for embrocations, &c.; the following are good examples : STIMULANTS. 241 TINCTURA SAPONIS CAMPHORATA, U. S. LINIMENTUM SAPONIS, l. e. d. Camphorated Tincture of Soap. Prep.—Soap in shavings liv.; digest in alcohol Oii., by means of a water bath, till dissolved; filter, add camphor Iii., oil of rosemary flss., u. s.—or—Dissolve camphor Ii., in spirit of rose- mary Ixvi.; then add soap liii., and macerate at a gentle heat until dissolved, l.—or—Digest during 3 days, Castile soap Iv., in rectif. spirit Oii.; then add camphor liiss., volatile oil of rose- mary 3vi., and shake smartly, e.—or—Digest soap liii., in spirit of rosemary Oi., until dissolved ; then add camphor 3i-i n. Use.—In cases of local pain, applied by continued friction. [linimentum saponis camphoratum, u. s. Camphorated Soap Liniment. Opodeldoc. Prep.—Common soap liii.; digest the soap in alcohol Oi., by means of a sand-bath, till dissolved; add camphor Ii., oil of rosemary, oil of origanum, each f5i.; when dissolved, pour into broad mouthed bottles, u. s. Use.—(Extl.) the same as Liniment. Sapon.~\ ceratum saponis, u. s. l. Soap Cerate. Prep.—Boil soap Ivi., in solution of subacetate of lead Oii., over a slow fire, to consistence of honey; then transfer to water- bath, and evaporate till all moisture is dissipated, then add wax Ix., melted with olive oil Oi., and mix, u. s.—or—Boil at a slow heat, vinegar cong. i., with oxide of lead powdered Ixv., stirring con- tinuously until they unite ; then add soap Ix., and boil again as just described, until all the moisture is evaporated. Lastly, mix with these, wax Ixiiss., melted in olive oil Oi. Use.—As a gently stimulating application to sores, especially those of the scrofulous kind ; being generally spread on calico, it is valuable in protecting and giving support to the affected parts. emplastrum saponis, u. s. l. e. d. Soap Plaster. Prep.—Melt plaster of lead Ibiii.; and add to it soap sliced ibss.; then boil down to proper consistence, u. s. l.—or—Melt together, litharge plaster liv., and gum plaster Iii.; then add Castile soap in shavings Ii., and boil during a short time, e.—or —Melt at a gentle heat, litharge plaster ibiii.; then mix in shav- ings of hard soap ibss., and boil so as to form a plaster, d. Use.—As a discutient application to scrofulous and other tedious tumours; glandular indurations, &c. emplastrum saponis compositum, d. Compound Soap or Adhesive Plaster. Prep.—Form the following into a plaster:—soap plaster Iii., and plaster of litharge with resin liii. 21 242 STIMULANTS. Use.—As a stimulating defensative, bracing application, in treat- ment of inactive ulcers. Sassafras Oleum, u. s. e. d. Oil of Saseafras. The essential oil obtained from sassafras, (v. page 139.) Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant adjunct to diaphoretic mixtures, Sic Dose, m. ii.—m. viii., (rubbed up with sugar when employed by itself, but scarcely ever thus prescribed.) Scrofularia Nodosa, d. Figwort Leaves. Use.—(Extl.) formerly employed in some skin diseases ; and in tumours, haemorrhoids, on account of its slightly stimulant ac- tion—as fomentation, or in the following form :— unguentum scrofularia, d. Ointment of Figwort. Prep.—Boil together fresh leaves of the scrophularia nodosa, and prepared lard, each ibii., and prepared mutton suet ibi., un- til they are crisped, then strain by expression. Use.—See foregoing. Serpentaria, u. s. l. e. aristolochia serpentaria, d. The root of Aristolochia Serpentaria, (u. s.) Serpentary. Virginia Snakeroot. Use.—(Intl.) formerly in dyspeptic debility ; bilious vomiting, low fever; and in the exanthemata to encourage the eruption out, Sic Dose, 9i.—grs. xxx., in powder (it has tonic and diapho- retic properties). infusum serpentaria, u.s. l. e. Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. Prep.—Infuse in a covered vessel for 2 hours Virginia snake- root Iss., in boiling water Oi., and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 4 hours serpentary Iss., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply.) Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing; employed as an excipientfor cinchona. Dose, Ii.—Iii., 3 or 4 times repeated in course of a day. Virginia Snakeroot. R Tr. serpentariae R Serpentariae, pulv. Sp. aether, sulphurici comp. Contrajervas, pulv. Misturae camphorae M. Acidi succinici ^ f. haustus quartis horis Syrupi aurantii cert. q. s. sumendus. Fiant boli in die capiendi. stimulants. 243 tinctura serpentaria, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. Prep.—Digest for 14 days Virginia snakeroot bruised liii., in diluted alcohol Oii. ; express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate dur- ing 14 days serpentary bruised liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii. ; strain, l.—or—Digest during 7 days, or proceed by percolation (v. pro- cess), as for Tr. of cinchona, with the following ingredients :— serpentaria in moderately fine powder liiiss., cochineal bruised 3i., and pf. spirit Oii., e.—or—Macerate during 7 days snake- root cut and bruised liii., in pf. spirit Oii. ; then filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) in gout; typhoid fevers; periodic headache— see Serpentaria above. Dose, 3i.—3ni« (a suitable addition to cinchona infusions.) Sinapis Alba, d. White Mustard Seed. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia chiefly. Dose, 3i-—3iv- (°f the whole seeds.) Soda. sodii chloridum, u. s. l. soda murias, e. d. (et) SODA murias purum, e. Chloride of Sodium. Muriate of Soda. Use.—(Intl.) in epileptic attacks; and as a stimulant of the intestines in worm cases (v. Anthelmintics). Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx. (Extl.) in solution, as a gentle application (hot or cold) to bruises. liquor soda chlorinate, u.s. l. Solution of Chloride of Soda. Use.—v. page 141. Strychnia, u. s. l. e. Strychnia. Use.—(Intl.) in paralytic affections of the extremities ; gout, &c. Dose.gr. 1-12, and slowly and minutely upwards ; see em- ployment of Xux Vomica. Sulphur, u. s. l. e. sulphur sublimatum, d. Sulphur, (v. Ca- thartics.) Use.—(Intl.) in skin diseases, scabies more especially. Dose, 3'\.—3ii- (mixed with treacle) at bedtime. (Extl.) in diseases just mentioned, applied in the following forms:— White Mustard Seed. R Sinap. alb. sem. contusi Lactis vacc. Coquantur simul. 244 STIMULANTS. unguentum sulphuris, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphur Ointment. Prep.—Mix sulphur ibi., lard ibii., u. s.—or—Mix together sulphur liii., lard ibss., and oil of bergamot m. xx., L.— or—Mix perfectly together axunge liv., and sublimed sulphur Ii., e.—or —Pulverize sublimed sulphur ibi. ; then mix it with prepared lard ibiv., d. Use.—An efficacious preparation in cases alluded to in pre- ceding. UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM, U.S. L. Compound Sulphur Ointment. Prep.—Melt lard ibss., add sulphur Ii.; ammoniated mercury, benzoic acid, each 3>>; oil of bergamot, sulphuric acid, each f3i-5 stir well till cold, u. s.—or—Mix together sulphur ibss., white hellebore powdered Iii., nitrate of potash 3i»> s°ft soap ibss., lard ibiss., and oil of bergamot m. xxx. Use.—As an application for itch ; it has the objection of being often productive of considerable irritation. Terebinthina Veneta, e. d. The liquid resinous exudation from Abies Larix, (e.)—from Pinus Larix, (d.) Venice Turpen- tine. Use.—As an ingredient in some plasters, &c.; seldom found genuine in this country. Toxicodendron, u. s. l. rhus toxicodendron, d. The leaves of Rhus Toxicodendron. Sumach. Poison Oak. Use.—(Intl.) has sometimes proved efficacious in paralytic cases; a sensation of pricking in the affected limb, is said to be experienced under its use. Veratria, u. s. l. e. (v. Narcotics.) Use.—(Intl.) v. page 215. Dose, gr. 1-12, and increased with utmost caution. (Extl.) in neuralgic and rheumatic complaints ; paralysis—administered in form of ointment; also employed as an errhine. Veratmm Album, u. s. d. veratrum, l. e. White Hellebore, (v. Cathartics.) Use.—(Intl.) to produce energetic action of the intestines (v. pages 119 and 160). Dose, gr. i.; cautiously raised grs. ii.—grs. iii. (Extl.) as an application to scabies; employed in form of lotion or ointment. decoctum veratri, l. d. Decoctum of White Hellebore. Prep.—Boil white hellebore bruised 3x., in distilled water Oii., TONICS. 245 down to Oi.; and when cooled add rectif. spirit liii., then squeeze, and strain, l.—or—Boil white hellebore-root Ii., in water Oii., down to Oi.; when it is cold, add rectif. spirit Iii., d. Use.—(Extl.) as lotion-applications in cases of itch, scald head, and other cutaneous eruptions. UNGUENTUM VERATRI ALBI, U. S. UNGUENTUM VERATRI, L. D. Ointment of White Hellebore. Prep.—Mix together white hellebore powdered Iii., lard Iviii., and oil of lemons m. xx. u. s. l.—or—Form an ointment from white hellebore root powdered liii., and prepared lard ibi., d. Use.—As an application in scabies; the sulphur ointment is preferable. . Vinum, u.s. vinum xericum, l. vinum album, e. vinum album hispanum, d. Sherry Wine, (l.) Sherry, (e.) Spanish White Wine, (d.) Use.—(Intl.) in the sunk stages of typhus, and typhoid diseases generally; as a restorative and cordial in numerous conditions of debility—as, during convalescence from disease, Sic Dose, liii. —Oii. (or upwards) in a day. [Xanthoxylum, u. s. Bark of.X. Fraxineum. Prickly Ash. Use.—(Intl.) an active stimulant, thought to resemble mezereon, given in chronic rheumatism. Dose, powder grs. x.—grs. xxx.; decoction (fli., boiling water Oiii., boil down to Oii.), a pint in divided doses in 24 hours, (v. Diaphoretics.)] TONICS. Absinthium, u. s. l. e. Artemisia absinthium, d. Wormwood. (v. Anthelmintics.) Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints; gout; intermittents; dropsy ; jaundice; worms. Dose, grs. x.—9ii., powdered, 2ce or 3ce daily; or of infusion (say 3vi., in water Ixv.) Iss.—Iii., several times a-day. extractum Artemisia absinthii, d. Extract of Worm- wood. Prep.—At page 42. Use.—(Intl.) similar to preceding. Dose, 9ss.—9i., in pills. 21 246 TONICS. Acidum Arseniosnm, u.s. l. Arsenicum album, e. arsenici OXYDUM ALBUM, et ARSENICI OXYDUM ALBUM SUBLIMATUM, D. Arsenious Acid prepared by sublimation, (l.) Sesquioxide of Arsenic, (e.) White Oxide of Arsenic, (d.) Arsenious Acid. Use.—(Intl.) in intermittent, and remittent fevers; rheumatism ; chorea; epilepsy; periodic headache. Dose, gr. 1-10—gr. ?, in pill, or as solution. (Extl.) as an (escharotic) application to cancerous and phagedenic sores. LIQUOR POTASSA ARSENITIS, U. S. L. LIQUOR ARSENICALIS, E. d. Solution Arsenite of Potassa. Fowler's Solution. Prep.— Boil arsenious acid in small fragments, pure carbonate of potassa, each grs. Ixiv., with distilled water flxii., till dissolved; when cold, add spirit of lavender flss., and then distilled water sufficient to make Oi., u. s.—or—Boil (so as to dissolve) in a glass vessel, arsenious acid broken into fragments, and carb. of potash, each grs. 80, in distilled water Oss.; add (when the liquor is cooled) compound tincture of lavender 3v.; lastly, add more distilled water, enough to make the whole fill a Oi. measure, l. e. (the latter College orders water simply).—or—With white oxide of arsenic reduced to powder, and carbonate of potass (from tartar), each grs. 60, compound spirit of lavender 3iy-» and dis- tilled water Oss., proceed exactly as for the l. and e. prepara- tions, D. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. iii.—m. xv., twice a- day. Acidum Muriaticum, u. s. e. d. acidum hydrochloricum, l. [Sp. gr. 1.16 (u. s. l.)—at least 1.180 (e.)—1.160 (d.)] et acidum muriaticum purum, e. [Density, 1170.] Muriatic Acid. Use.—(Intl.) in typhus gravior, scarlatina, liver complaints, Sic Dose, m. v.—m. x., sufficiently diluted. ACIDUM MURIATICUM DILUTUM, U. S. E. D. ACIDUM HYDRO- CHLORICUM dilutum, l. Diluted Muriatic Acid. Prep.—Mix together hydrochloric acid liv., and distilled wa- ter Ixii., l. e.—or—Mix together muriatic acid 10 parts, and dis- tilled water 11 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, m. v.—m. xxx., properly diluted with water, or other simple fluid. Acidum Nitricum, u. s. l. e. d. [Sp. gr. 1.50 (u.s. l.)—1.300 to 1.390 (e.)—1.490 to 1000 (d.)] et acidum nitricum purum, e. [Sp. gr. 1500.] Use.—(Intl.) scarcely ever thus employed—see the subjoined. tonics. 247 (Extl.) sometimes as an escharotic ; it is an important agent in numerous pharmaceutic operations. acidum nitricum dilutum, u. s. l. E. d. Diluted Nitric Acid. Prep.—Mix together nitric acid Ii., and distilled water lix., l. e. (the latter College orders pure nitric acid)—or—Mix together nitric acid 3 parts, and distilled water 4 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) abundantly diluted as a drink in typhoid fevers; dyspeptic complaints. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx., in water (liii.— liv.) 2ce or 3ce daily. (Extl.) as an application to some indo- lent foul sores. acidum nitromuriaticum, u. s. d. Nitromuriatic Acid. Prep.—Mix together in a perfectly cold vessel nitric acid 1 part, and muriatic acid 2 parts ; keep the mixture in a cold and dark place, in a well stopped phial. Use.—(Intl.) in chronic hepatic diseases ; typhus, and typhoid fevers. Dose, m. iii.—m. v., sufficiently diluted. (Extl.) as a stimulant lotion in cutaneous, and some liver complaints. Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum, l. Diluted Phosphoric Acid. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic, and lithontriptic, in calculous diseases, &c.; and as a refrigerant, when properly diluted. Dose, m. xx. —m. xxx., in a few ounces of water, several times daily. (Extl.) as an application to tedious ulcers, Sic Acidum Sulphuricum, l. e. acidum sulphuricum venale, d. (v. Astringents.) [Sp. gr. 1.845 (u. s. l.)—1.840 (e.)—1.850 to 1000 (d.)1 et acidum sulphuricum purum, e. d. [Density, 1.845 (e.)—1.845 to 1000 (d.)] Sulphuric Acid. Use.—(Intl.) see the dilute acid, below. (Extl.) as an ap- plication to poisoned wounds ; employed in many pharmaceutic processes. acidum sulphuricum dilutum, u. s. l. e. d. Diluted Sul- phuric Acid. Use.—(Intl.) valuable in many cases of dyspepsia; colliqua- tive sweating of hectic fever ; and to check salivation. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx., sufficiently diluted in watery vehicles. (Extl.) as gargles. acidum sulphuricum aromaticum, u. s. e. d. Aromatic Sul- phuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. .Prep.—Gradually add sulphuric acid (commercial) liiiss., to rectif. spirit Oiss.; and let the mixture digest in a closed vessel 2 48 tonics. at a gentle heat during 3 days. Mix together cinnamon mode- rately powdered liss., and ginger in moderately fine powder Ii. ; moisten these powders with a small portion of the acid-spirit; let the mass rest during 12 hours, then place it in a percolator, and transmit the rest of the acid-spirit. The process of digesting (during 6 days only), &c, is also applicable to this preparation, u.s. e.—or—Gradually add sulphuric acid Ivi., to rectified spi- rit Oii.; digest the mixture in a close vessel at a gentle heat dur- ing 3 days ; then add cinnamon bark bruised liss., and ginger bruised Ii.; digest the mixture again during 6 days, then filter through paper placed in a glass funnel. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding ;—this is a very grateful prepara- tion. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx. [Alctris, u. s. Root of A. Farinosa. Star Grass. Use.—(Intl.) tonic in small doses, and used like others of its class ; in large doses causes nausea. Dose, grs. x. ; may also be given in decoction or tincture.] Angelica, u. s. e. angelica archangelica, d. The root and herb of A. Atropurpurea, (u. s.) The root of A. Archangeli- ca, (e.) The seeds, (d.) Angelica, (u. s.) Garden An- gelica. Use.—(Intl.) employed formerly on account of its aromatic properties chiefly. Dose, 3SS-—3m,» or as infusion (say 3ii-> in water Oi.) Iii.—liv. AngUStura, u. s. cusparia, l. e. bonplandia trifoliata, d. The bark of Galipea Cusparia, (l.)—of Galipea Officinalis, (u.s. e.)—of Three-leaved Bonplandia, (d.) Angustura Bark. Use.—(Intl.) though a remedy of no small tonic, condimental power, it is now scarcely ever employed: it possesses properties analogous to (and was formerly used in some cases as) cinchona bark—without tendency to disorder the bowels. Dose, 3i.—3SS,» in powder. INFUSUM ANGUSTURA, U. S. INFUSUM CUSPARIA, L. E. D. Prep.—Macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel angustura bark bruised Iss., in boiling water Oi.; strain, u.s.—or—Mace- rate in a lightly covered vessel during 2 hours, cusparia bruised 3v., in boiling distilled water Oi. ; strain, l. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply)—or—Proceed in same way with angustura bark bruised Iii., and boiling water Ibss., d. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints, bilious diarrhoea, dysen- tonics. 249 tery, &c.—after evacuation of the bowels by suitable medicines. Dose, Ii.—liii., 2ce or 3ce daily. TINCTURA ANGUSTURA, D. TINCTURA CUSPARIA, E. Prep.—With cusparia in moderately fine powder livss., and pf. spirit Oii., prepare in same way as tincture of cinchona; it will be made most expeditiously by the percolating process (q. v.), E.—or—Macerate during 14 days angustura bark roughly pow- dered Iii., in pf. spirit Oii.; then strain, d. Use.-—(Intl.) chiefly as a stomachic stimulant contribution to infusions, such as the preceding. Dose, 3i»—3n- Anthemis, u. s. l. e. anthemis nobilis, d. Chamomile, (v. Emetics.) Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints of weakened constitu- tions ; flatulent griping-colic ; gout; formerly much extolled in intermittents ; rarely now administered in substance. Dose, grs. x.—3ssm in powder; its bulkiness in even a moderate dose, ren- ders it a very unpleasant remedy. (Extl.) sewed in flannel and soaked in hot water, it forms a good fomenting application. decoctum chamameli compositum, d. Decoction of Cha- momile. Prep.—At page 157. Use.—(Intl.) must be taken in a cold state, as a remedy of the present class ; see preceding. Dose, same as of the infusion, q. v. below. EXTRACTUM ANTHEMIDIS, L. EXT. CHAMAMELI, D. Extract of Chamomile. Prep.—At page 156. Use.—(Intl.) see Anthemis. Chiefly employed as a vehicle for tonics of greater efficiency. Dose, grs. x.—9i., 2 or 3 times a-day. INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS, U. S. L. E. INFUSUM CHAMAMELI, J>. Infusion of Chamomile. Prep.—Given under Emetics. Use.—(Intl.) same as the decoction (v. above); must be taken cold, or prepared with cold water, for stomachic purposes ; (when warm, it is apt to excite vomiting, and on this account is useful in aiding the action of emetics.) Dose, Ii.—Iii. oleum anthemidis, u. s. l. e. The essential oil obtained from flowers of Chamomile. Oil of Chamomile. Use.—(Intl.) in cramp of stomach, colic, &c.; added to ape- rient pills, to prevent their griping tendency. Dose, m. i.—m. x. 250 TONICS. Argcntum, u. s. l. e. d. ARGENTI NITRAS, U. S. L. E. ARGENTI NITRAS FUSUM, (et AR- GENTI nitratis crystalli,) d. Nitrate of Silver. Lu- nar Caustic. Use.—(Intl.) in epilepsy, chorea, and some others of the spas- mi; and in dyspepsia. Dose, (at first never^above) gr. ±—gr.}, and gradually increased to gr. i. (Extl.) as a caustic in cases of venereal and some other ulcers ; fungous excrescences on any part of the body; loose granulations, warts, often serviceable in arresting hemorrhage—as from leech-bites; sometimes success- fully applied in a continuous line, outside the boundary of ery- sipelatous inflammation, to prevent extension of this disease; much employed in ophthalmia, and ulcers of the cornea; inflam- mation of mucous tissues; as injections, &c. solutio argenti ammoniati, e. Solution of Ammoniated Silver. Prep.—Dissolve nitrate of silver grs. 44, in distilled water Ii., and add aqua ammoniae gradually (and towards the conclusion cautiously) until the precipitate thereby at first thrown down, is almost but not entirely re-dissolved. Use.—As a test. LIQUOR ARGENTI NITRATIS, L. SOLUTIO ARGENTI NITRATIS, E. Solution of Nitrate of Silver. Prep.—Dissolve nitrate of silver 3i-i in distilled water Ii.; strain. Keep it in a dark place, in a well-closed vessel, l.—or— Dissolve nitrate of silver grs. 40, in distilled water grs. 1600; keep in well-closed bottles, e. Use.—As a test. ARGENTI CYANURETUM, U.S. ARGENTI CYANIDUM, L. Cyan- ide of Silver. Use.—In extemporaneous preparations of diluted hydrocyanic acid. [Asarum, u. s. The root of A. Canadense. Wild Ginger. Use.—(Intl.) an aromatic stimulant, and applicable to same Nitrate of Silver. R Argenti nitratis Ext. opii Moschi Camphorae F. S. A. pi- lulae quarum sumat in die. R Argenti nitratis Aquas menthae M. cochl. min. cap. quaque hora. (in convulsive diseases.) TONICS. 251 cases as serpentaria, and is sometimes used as substitute for ginger; forms a good adjuvant to infusions and decoctions. Dose, grs. xx. —grs. xxx.; also given in tincture.] Aurantium, l. citrus aurantium, d. The fruit of Citrus Au- rantium. The Orange, (l.) The juice and outer rind of the fruit. Flower. Leaves, (d.) Use.—(Intl.) in inflammatory and scorbutic affections, on ac- count of its agreeable, mild, subacid, tonic, antiscorbutic qualities. Dose, ad libitum. (Extl.) formerly orange pulp, roasted, was em- ployed as an application to foul ulcers. aurantii cortex, it. s. l. e. The outer rind of the fruit of Citrus Vulgaris, (u. s.) Rind of Orange, (l.) Bitter Orange Rind, (e.) Use.—(Intl.) to prepare stomachic infusions, as the follow- ing :— INFUSUM AURANTII COMPOSITUM, L. D. INFUSUM AURANTII, E. Compound Infusion of Orange Peel. Prep.—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel, during \ hour, orange peel dried Iss., lemon peel fresh 3ii-» cloves bruised $i.,in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply)—or—Proceed in same way with :—orange peel dried ^,'\i., fresh lemon peel 3i>> aromatic cloves bruised3ss., and boiling water Oss., d. Use.—(Intl.) a grateful aromatic stomachic vehicle for other medicines. Dose, Ii.—Iii., 2ce or 3ce daily. CONFECTIO AURANTII CORTICIS, U. S. CONFECTIO AURANTII, L. conserva aurantii, e. Confection of Orange Peel. Prep.—Bruise (with a wooden pestle) in a stone mortar, fresh rind of orange rasped ibi.; add sugar ibiii., and pound these to- gether until they are completely incorporated, u. s. l.—or—Grate off the outer rind of bitter oranges, and beat it into pulp, gradu- ally adding 3ce its weight of white sugar, e. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia of young patients ; an excellent ex- cipient for various powders. Dose, 3i.—Ii. aqua florum aurantii, l. aurantii aqua, e. Orange Flower Water. Prep.—With orange flowers ibx., pf. spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii., let cong. i. distil, l. [The Edin. Ph. gives no direc- tions for this preparation.] Use.—(Intl.) as an aromatic vehicle for medicines—the only 252 TONICS. property it can be said to possess is agreeable odour. Dose, un- limited. Females employ it as a scent. aurantii oleum, l. e. The essential oil distilled from the Orange, (l.)—from the flowers of Citrus Vulgaris, (e.) Oil of Orange Flowers. Neroli. Use.—(Intl.) as a pleasant flavouring adjunct to mixtures, Sic. Dose, m. v.—m. x. tinctura aurantii, l. e. Tincture of Orange Peel. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days dried orange peel liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii.; and strain, L.—or—Digest during 7 days bitter orange-peel dried liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii. ; strain and express strongly, and filter. It may be prepared by percolation, (v. pro- cess p. Index,) by cutting the peel into fragments, macerating it in a little of the spirit during 12 hours, and beating the mass into coarse pulp before placing it in the percolator, e. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic stomachic contribution to bitter infu- sions, draughts, &c. Dose, 3ii-—3vi- SYRUPUS AURANTII CORTICIS, U. S. SYRUPUS AURANTII, L. E. D. Syrup of Orange Peel. Prep.—Digest bruised orange peel lij., in boiling water Oj., in a covered vessel 12 hours, strain, add sugar ibiiss., and proceed as for syrup, u. s.—or—Macerate in a vessel lightly covered dur- ing 12 hours fresh orange peel liiss., in boiling water Oi.; then pour off the liquor, and add to it sugar ibiii., l. e., (the latter College directs that heat be applied during solution of the sugar.) —or—Macerate during 12 hours fresh orange peel Iviii., in boil- ing water Ovi.; then dissolve a sufficiency of sugar in the filtered liquor, and form a syrup, d. Use.—(Intl.) as an agreeable aromatic sweetening adjunct to various mixtures, &c. Dose, ad libitum. Barii Chloridum, u. s. l. baryta murias, e. d. Chloride of Ba- rium. Muriate of Baryta. Use.—(Intl.) has been tried in scrofula, and tedious cases of dyspepsia, &c. ; but from its energetic poisonous qualities seldom ventured on. Chiefly used as a test, in solution. LIQUOR BARII CHLORIDI, U. S. L. SOLUTIO BARYTA MURIATIS, e. baryta muriatis aqua, d. Solution of Muriate of Baryta. Prep.—At page 15. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. v.—m. x. (Extl.) as an application to fungous sores, specks on the cornea ; much cau- tion requires to be observed in its employment. TONICS. 253 Bergamii Oleum, u.s. l. bergamota oleum, e. The oil distilled from the Rind of the fruit of Citrus Limetta Bergamium. Oil of Bergamot. Use.—(Intl.) and (Extl.) as an agreeable perfuming agent. Bismuthum, u. s. l. e. d. Bismuth. bismuthi subnitras, u. s. d. bismuthi trisnitras, l. bis- muthum album, e. Trisnitrate, (l. e.)—Subnitrate (d.) of Bismuth. White Oxide of Bismuth. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia, particularly those cases attended by spasmodic symptoms dependent on acidity in the primae viae, and in irritable conditions of the stomach following other diseases. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv. Calamus, u. s. acorus, l. calamus aromaticus, e. The root- stock, (l.)—the rhizoma, (e.) of Acorus Calamus [var. a vulgaris, e.] Sweet Flag. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia ; intermittent fevers, &c. Dose, 9i. —9i.; it is better as infusion (say 3vi., to water Oi.) Ii.—liii., 3 or 4 times daily. Calcii Chloridum, u. s. l. calcis murias, e. d. Chloride of Cal- cium, l. Muriate of Lime, e. d. Use.—In preparation of the following:— LIQUOR calcii chloridi, u. s. l. calcis muriatis solutio, e. calcis muriatis aqua, d. Solution Chloride of Cal- cium. Prep.—Take marble in fragments lix., muriatic acid Oi., dis- tilled water q. s. Mix with water Oss., and gradually add the marble; at close, apply a gentle heat, pour off clear solution, and evaporate to dryness ; dissolve the residuum in its weight and a half of distilled water, and filter, u. s.—or—Dissolve chlo- ride of calcium liv., in distilled water Ixii.; strain, l.—or—Dis- solve muriate of lime Iviii., in water Ixii., e.—or—Dissolve muriate of lime 2 parts, in distilled water 7 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofulous enlargements, bronchocele, glandu- lar obstructions ; general debility of habit, Sic Dose, m. xxx.— 3ii., 2ce or 3ce a-day, for adults ; m. xx.—m. xxx., for children. Bismuth. R Bismuthi subnit. R Bismuthi subnitratis Misturae acaciae q. s. F. pi- Magnesias lulas dosis. Sacchari, pur. M., in chart. divide. 22 254 TONICS Colomba, u.s. d. calumba, l. e. The root of Cocculus Palma- tus, (u.s. l. e.) Calumba. Colombo. Columbo. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic cases; nausea and vomiting con- nected with bilious complaints, or when attendant on pregnancy,' cholera, &c. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv.—3SS«> several times re- peated daily. infusum colomba, u. s. d. infusum calumba, l. e. Infu- sion of Columbo. Prep.—Digest for 2 hours columbo bruised Iss., in boiling water Oi., and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate (in a lightly-covered vessel) during 2 hours calumba sliced 3v-> in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Triturate roughly powdered calumba Iss., in a little cold water so as to moisten it completely; place it in a percolator and transmit cold water until Ixvi. of infusion be obtained, e.—or—With columba-root 3h-» and boiling water Oss., proceed as directed for the Lond. process, d. Use.—(Intl.) as a stomachic in same cases as preceding. Dose, Ii.—liii., repeated 3 or 4 times a day ; it should be recently pre- pared for use, as it soon spoils. TINCTURA CALOMBA, U. S. D. TINCTURA COLUMBA, L. E. Prep.—Digest for 14 days bruised columbo liv., in diluted al- cohol Oii.; express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days calumba sliced liii., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest dur- ing 7 days calumba in fragments (if by percolation, in moderate powder) liii., in pf. spirit Oii.; pour off the clear liquor and strongly squeeze the residual mass; filter the liquors: it is much more conveniently formed by the process of percolation, (v. per Index), in which case the calumba must be previously digested during 6 hours in a small portion of pf. spirit, e.—or—Macerate during 14 days colomba sliced liiss., in pf. spirit ibii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Calumba, above. The tincture is more agreeable to the stomach than either of the foregoing. Dose, 3ss.—3iv. Canella, u. s. l. e. canella alba, d. The bark of Canella Alba. Canella. Use.—(Intl.) has some stimulant, antiscorbutic qualities; chiefly Calumba. R Colombae, pulv. Opii, pulv. 01. menth. pip. Syrupi caryophil. F. pilulae quarum sumat in die. R Colombae Potassae sulphatis Rhei, pulv. M. bis tcrve die sumend. TONICS. 255 serviceable as a corrective, and aromatic contribution to other medicines. Dose, grs. x.—3SS,» in powder. Capsicum, u.s. l. e. capsicum annuum, d. Cayenne Pepper. (v. Epispastics.) Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia, gout, Sic—as a seasoning to food chiefly ; sometimes added with considerable advantage to cinchona —in intermittents ; and to rhubarb, preparations of iron, Sic—in strumous cases. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv., and upwards, powdered. (Extl.) as infusion it forms a valuable gargle in cynanche maligna; relaxed uvula, throat, Sic Powdering the inside of the stockings with capsicum has been recommended in complaints attended with great coldness of the feet. tinctura capsici, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Cayenne Pep- per. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days capsicum bruised %x., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest same amount of said ingredients during only 7 days ; strain, squeeze, filter: (can also be prepared by percolation, which may be commenced so soon as the capsi- cum, previously rubbed to moderately fine powder, is made into pulp with a little of the spirit) e.—or—Macerate during 14 days capsules of the capsicum annuum Ii., in pf. spirit ibii.; and strain, D. U.S. Use.—(Intl.) in low stages of typhoid fevers, &c. Dose, m. x. —3i.f and upwards; sufficiently diluted, may be used as gargles. Cardamomum, u. s. l. e. amomum cardamomum, d. The (fruit, u.s.) seeds of Alpinia Cardamomum, (l.) The fruit of Renealmia Cardamomum, (e.) The seeds of Amomum Cardamomum, (d.) Cardamom. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulent colic of young patients; a good ad- junct to bitters and cathartics, to prevent griping, and to commu- nicate agreeable flavour. Dose, grs. v.—9i., in powder. tinctura cardamomi, u. s. l. e. Tincture of Cardamom. Prep.—Digest for 14 days cardamom liv., in diluted alcohol Oii., express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days car- Capsicum. R Capsici Sodas muriatis Aceti Aquas, bullient. Ma- cera et cola, (gargle, in cynanche maligna and re- laxed sore throat.) R Tr. capsici Aquas rosas Syrupi M. f. gar- garisma. (in same cases as foregoing.) 256 TONICS. damom bruised liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain l.—or—Digest during 7 days seeds of cardamoms bruised livss., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain and squeeze the residual mass, and filter the liquors. The method by percolation (v. per Index) is also here applicable —the seeds being first ground in a coffee-mill, e. Use.—(Intl.) in the low stages of typhoid fevers ; but more em- ployed as an aromatic contribution to bitter and other mixtures. Dose, 3i.—3ii. TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA, L. E. D. Compound TinC- ture of Cardamom. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days cardamom bruised, and cara- way bruised, each 3USS«» cochineal powdered %i., cinnamon bruised %v., raisins [stoned] Iv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or —With same amount of said ingredients, digest during 7 days; strain, strongly squeeze the residual mass, and filter the liquors. It may also be prepared by percolation (v. process), the solid ma- terials being first beat together, moistened with a small portion of spirit, and allowed thus to stand during 12 hours before being placed in the machine, e.—or—Macerate during 14 days carda- mom seeds husked and bruised, and caraway seeds bruised, each 3ii., cinnamon bark bruised Iss., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; its colour and higher aroma- tic properties render it an elegant contribution to tonic cordial in- fusions, draughts, Sic Dose, 3i.—3"* Caryophyllus, u. s. l. e. d. Cloves, (v. Stimulants.) Use.—(Intl.) see at page 232. Cascarilla, u. s.l. e. d. The bark of Croton Eleutheria, (u. s.) The bark of Croton Cascarilla, (l. d.)—Bark probably of Croton Eleuteria, and possibly of other species of the same genus, (e.) Cascarilla. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia, flatulent colic ; gout; diarrhoea ; and after dysentery; in weakened appetite from dissipation. Dose, grs. x.—3£S-> in powder. infusum cascarilla, u.s. l. e. d. Infusion of Cascarilla. Prep.—Digest bruised cascarilla Ii., in boiling water Oi., for 2 hours, and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 2 hours, cascarilla bruised liss., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l. e. (the latter College orders boiling water simply.) —or—Digest in a covered vessel during 2 hours, cascarilla bark bruised 3ss-» in boiling water ibss.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding; (employed usually in combination with the tincture of cascarilla.) Dose, liss.—Iii., 2ce or 3ce daily. tonics. 257 mistura cascarilla composita, l. Compound Mixture of Cascarilla. Prep.—Mix together infusion of cascarilla Ixvii., vinegar of squill Ii., and compound tincture of camphor Iii. Use.—(Intl.) in lingering catarrhal complaints; and chronic affections of the mucous membrane of the air-passages; in the latter cases it has been long esteemed as a remedy. Dose, Iss. —liss., 3 or 4 times daily. tinctura cascarilla, l. e. d. Tincture of Cascarilla. Prep.—Macerate during 14 days, cascarilla bruised Iv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—With same amount of said ingredients (the cascarilla moderately powdered) proceed as directed for Tr. of Cinchona, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days, cascarilla bark coarsely powdered liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) employed chiefly as a stomachic contribution to tonic mixtures, &c. Dose, 3i«—3n'' Cassiae Cortex, e. cassia, d. The bark of Cinnamomum Cassia, (e.)—of Laurus Cassia, (d.) Cassia Bark. Use.—(Intl.) as an aromatic, stimulating tonic; in flatulence, colic, nausea, &c. ; and to obviate the griping tendency of other medicines. Dose, grs. x.—3SS- aqua cassia, e. Water of Cassia. Prep.—Mix together cassia-bark bruised Ixviii., water cong. ii., and rectif. spirit liii.; then distil from these cong. i. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as a tonic vehicle for carminative medi- cines. Dose,ad libitum. oleum cassia, e. The volatile oil obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum Cassiae. Oil of Cassia. Use.—(Intl.) see Cassia, above. Dose, m. i.—m. v., combined with sugar. spiritus cassia, e. Spirit of Cassia. Prep.—Take coarsely powdered cassia ibi., and proceed as di- rected (at page 81) for spirit of caraway. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulent colic, &c. Sic ; as a pleasant correct- ive adjunct to mixtures and draughts. Dose, 3i-—3iVt tinctura cassia, e. Tincture of Cassia. Prep.—Digest during7 days, cassia moderately powdered liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, squeeze strongly, and filter. It may be more conveniently prepared by percolation (v. process), the cas- sia being macerated during 12 hours previously to its being placed in the percolator. 22* 258 tonics. Use.—(Intl.) may be employed indifferently with the preceding. Dose,3i.—Iss. Centaurium, l. e. d. ' erythraa centaurium, (l.)—the flowering heads, (e.)—the leaves (d.) of Erythrasa Centaurium. Com- mon Centaury. Use.—(Intl.) in convalescence from fevers ; in gout, and dys- peptic affections induced by excesses. Dose, grs. xx.—3j-> in powder; or as infusion (say Ii.—Iii., to water Oss.—Oi.) Iii-, 2 or 3 times daily; (scarcely ever employed; its medicinal proper- ties are analogous to those of gentian and other bitters, to which, however, it in no respect is preferable.) Cnicus BenedictUS, d. The leaves of Blessed Thistle. Use.—(Intl.) employed in form of infusion, cold for tonic pur- poses : (and warm as a diaphoretic, or to aid the action of eme- tics.) Dose, of infusion (say Iss.—Ii., to water Oi.) Ii.—Iii. Chiretta, e. The herb and root of Agathotes Chirayta. Chiretta. Use.—(Intl.)in dyspepsia; and during convalescent conditions; employed in the following form :— infusum chiretta, e. Infusion of Chiretta. Prep.—Infuse during 2 hours chiretta 3iy-» in boiling water Oi.; and strain through calico or linen. Use.—(Intl.) as a stomachic. Dose, liss.—liii., 2ce a-day ; it should be cold when taken, otherwise it may induce nausea, (tinctura aurantii is a proper addition.) Cinchona, u. s. l. e. d. [Cinchona Cinerea, e. Gray or Silver Bark.—Cinchona Cordifolia, l. d. Cinchona Flava, e. Yellow Bark.— Cinchona Lancifolia, l. d. Cinchona Coronas, e. Pale or Quill Bark.—Cinchona Oblongifolia, l. d. Cinchona Rubra, e. Red Bark. Peruvian Bark, (u. s.)] Use.—(Intl.) employed as a tonic, antiseptic, antiperiodic; in putrid fevers, confluent small-pox ; intermittents, and remittents ; Centaury. R Cinchonae R Centaurii Potassae bitart. Aquae, frigidas Infunde Caryophilli M. et macera. (in loss of ap- et detur horis petite, from dissipation.) R Cinchonae Cinchona. Rhei R Cinchonas, pulv. Ammoniae muriat. Canellas F. pulvis. Syrupi q. s. M. f. boli. TONICS. 259 passive hemorrhages ; some cutaneous affections ; debility during convalescence from acute or chronic diseases: has been tried and highly extolled in gout, and rheumatism. Its employment should, in every case, be preceded, and seconded by the use of suitable evacuants. Dose, grs. xv.—3i'»» m powder, 3 or 4 times daily. DECOCTUM CINCHONA, U. S. E. D. DECOCTUM CINCHONA (cOR- difolia—lancifolia—oblongifolia), l. Decoction of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—Boil in a covered vessel Peruvian bark Ii., in water Oi., for ten minutes, and strain while hot, u. s.—or—Boil (in a lightly-covered vessel) during 10 minutes either of the above varieties of cinchona bruised 3x., in distilled water Oi.; and strain the liquor while hot, l.—or—Boil during 10 minutes crown, gray, yellow, or red cinchona bruised Ii., in water Ixxiv.; let it cool; then filter, and evaporate to Ixvi., e.—or—Boil during 10 minutes lance-leaved cinchona bark coarsely powdered Ii., in water q. s. to afford (when strained) Oi., d. Use.—(Intl.) see Infusum Cinchonae, below. Dose, Ii.—liv., 2ce or 3ce daily. EXTRACTUM CINCHONA U. S. E. D. EXTRACTUM CINCHONA (cordifolia—lancifolia—oblongifolia), l. Extract of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—Peruvian bark in coarse powder ibi., alcohol Oiv.; R Cinchonas Valerianae, pulv. Syrupi aurantii cort. q. s. Ut f. electuarium, cujus devorat mane ac vespere. R Cinchonae Magnesias M. div. in chart. quarum cap. unam hora somni. R Decocti cinchonas lancif. Vini rubri M. f. gargarisma. R Decoct. Cinchonas Infus. gentianas comp. Tr. cascarillas Potassae carb. Aquae F. mis- tura, de qua sumantur cochl. subinde. R Ext. cinchonae Aquae Syrupi tolu. M. sumat cochl. omni hora. R Ext. cinchonae Ferri subcarb. Syrupi aurantii cort. q. s. F. massa in pilulas div., quarum capiat duas ante cibum. R Infusi cinchonae Liquor, acet. ammonias Tr. cinchonae Electuar. aromatic. F. haustus tertia vel quarta quaque hora sumendus. 260 TONICS. water q. s.; macerate the bark in the alcohol for 4 days ; then percolate, and when the liquid ceases to pass, pour on sufficient water to keep the bark covered ; when Oiv. pints are obtained, set it aside, and proceed till Ovi. of infusion are obtained ; distil off the alcohol from the tincture and evaporate the infusion till both are the consistence of thin honey, mix them and evaporate to proper consistence, u. s.—or—With either of the above varieties of bark Ixv., and distilled water cong. iv., proceed as follows :— boil down in cong i. of the water, to Ovi.; and strain while hot. Proceed thus with the bark, and a fresh cong. i. of water till it is all consumed, (i. e. 4 times,) then strain ; lastly, mix all the liquors, and evaporate to due consistence, l.—or—Percolate any of the varieties of cinchona (especially the yellow or red) finely powdered 3iy'» in pf. spirit Ixxiv.; distil off most of the spirit, then evaporate in an open vessel what remains to proper consist- ence, by means of the vapour-bath, e.—or—Boil (in a vessel nearly covered) during | hour lance-leaved cinchona roughly powdered ibi., in water; strain while hot through linen, and set aside; boil the bark a second time in a new supply of water; this may be repeated a third time, Ovi. of water being consumed in all: finally, mingle the liquors together, and evaporate to suitable consistence. This extract should be kept soft to form pills, and hard that it may be reducible to powder, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Cinchona; forms an excellent basis for some pills. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx. [Quinine has all but displaced this extract, as well as other preparations of cinchona, from modern medical practice.] infusum cinchona, u. s. l. e. d. Infusion of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—Macerate for 2 hours in a covered vessel, Peruvian bark bruised Ii., in boiling water Oi.; and strain, u. s.—or—Infuse in a lightly covered vessel during 6 hours lance-leaved cinchona bruised Ii., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Mace- rate in a covered vessel during 4 hours, powder of cinchona (any variety according to prescription) Ii., in boiling water Oi.; then strain through linen or calico, e.—or—Triturate roughly powdered lance-leaved cinchona bark Ii., with a small quantity of water, and whilst rubbing pour on cold water (until there has been added in all) Ixii.; macerate during 24 hours, agitating occasion- ally; then decant the pure liquor, d. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic cases, where delicacy of stomach prevents the exhibition of energetic remedies; sometimes em- ployed as a vehicle for other medicines. Dose, Ii.—Iii.—liii. ; the tincture is a suitable adjunct. TONICS. 261 tinctura cinchona, u. s. l. e. d. Tincture of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—Digest for 14 days, powdered Peruvian bark Ivi., in diluted alcohol Oii.; express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate dur- ing 14 days, heart-leaved cinchona bruised Iviii., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—With finely powdered yellow bark (or any of the other species of cinchona, according to prescription) Iviii., and pf. spirit Oii., proceed as follows:—moisten the bark with a very little spirit, and after letting it thus stand during 10 or 12 hours, firmly pack it in the cylinder, percolate it with the spirit. This tincture may also be prepared, though less expeditiously, by the process of digestion during 7 days, Sic, the bark being only roughly powdered, e.—or—Digest during 7 days, lance-leaved cinchona bark in rough powder liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as the cinchonas, and all their other prepa- rations, but more grateful to the stomach than either; chiefly em- ployed as a contribution to mixtures, infusion of bark, or the like. Dose, 3i-—3in- TINCTURA CINCHONA COMPOSITA, U. S. L. E. D. Compound Tincture of Peruvian Bark. Prep.—Digest for 14 days, in diluted alcohol flxx., Peruvian bark in powder Iii., bruised orange peel liss., Virginia snake-root bruised 3iii.> saffron, cut, red saunders, rasped, each 3i? express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days, lance-leaved cin- chona bruised liv., orange-peel dried liii.,.serpentary bruised 3vi., saffron 3ii»> cochineal powdered 3i«> in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, L.—or—Digest during 7 days, yellow bark roughly powdered (finely, if percolation be followed) liv., bitter orange-peel bruised liii., serpentaria in moderate powder 3yi'» saffron chopped 3ii-i cochineal bruised 3U in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, squeeze strongly, filter. May also be conveniently prepared by process of percola- tion, as directed for comp. tincture of cardamom, e.—or—Mace- rate during 14 days, lance-leaved cinchona bark roughly pulver- ized Iii., orange peel dried Iss., Virginian snake-root bruised 3iii.. saffron 3i-» cochineal powdered 9ii.,in pf. spirit Ixx.; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding; the aromatic additions render this a still more grateful stomachic. Dose, 3i.—3iii- Cinnamomum, u. s. l. e. d. The bark of C. zeylanicum, and of C. aromaticum, (u.s.) The bark, (l.) and oil, (d.) of Laurus Cinnamomum. Thebark of C. zeylanicum, (e.) Cinnamon. Use.—(Intl.) in flatulency, dyspepsia; and to check nausea; added to various remedies from which griping is to be apprehend- 262 TONICS. ed ; and to cover the taste of offensive drugs. Dose, grs. x.— grs. xxx., in powder. PULVIS AROMATICUS, U. S. E. D. PULVIS CINNAMOMI COMPOSI- TUS, l. Aromatic Powder. Prep.—Rub together to a very fine powder, cinnamon, ginger, each Iii., cardamom seeds, nutmeg, grated, each Ii., u. s.—or— Rub together into very fine powder, einnamon Iii., cardamom liss., ginger Ii., and long pepper Iss., l.—or—Mix together, and triturate to a very fine powder, cinnamon, cardamom seeds, and ginger, each in equal parts, e.—or—Pulverize together, cin- namon bark Iii., cardamom seeds (freed from the husks), and gin- ger, each Ii., and long pepper Ii., d. Use.—(Intl.) to contribute warmth to tonic remedies, with which it is combined—in dyspeptic cases, flatulency, &c. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv., and upwards. CONFECTIO AROMATICA, U. S. L. D. ELECTUARIUM AROMATICUM, e. Aromatic Confection. Prep.—Aromatic powder Ivss., saffron in powder Iss., syrup of orange-peel Ivi., clarified honey Iii.; rub the aromatic powder with the saffron, add syrup and honey, and beat together till tho- roughly mixed, u. s.—or—Rub together cinnamon, nutmegs, each Iii., cloves Ii., cardamom Iss., saffron Iii., prepared chalk Ixvi., sugar ibii.; keep in closed vessel; when confection is wanted, add water, and mix, l. The D. is the same, except water Oi. is added at once, and the whole well mixed.—or—Mix together, and rub into uniform pulp, aromatic powder 1 part, and syrup of orange-peel 2 parts. Use.—(Intl.) as a gently stimulating tonic and carminative, in cases of weakened digestion. Dose, grs. x.—3SS< aqua cinnamomi, u.s. l. e. d. Cinnamon Water. Prep.—Oil of cinnamon f3ss., carbonate of magnesia 3ss.; rub together, then add gradually distilled water Oii., and filter, u. s. —or—Mix together the following:—cinnamon bruised ibiiss. (or oil of cinnamon 3ii-)>pf- spirit Ivii., water cong. ii.; and let cong. i. distil, l.—or—Prepare with cinnamon in the same way as for aqua cassias, e.—or—Macerate during 1 day, cinnamon bark bruised ibi., in water as much as sufficient to prevent empy- reuma ; and then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) only as an agreeable vehicle or diluent. Dose, ad lib. cinnamomi oleum, u. s. l. e. (see Cinnamomum) d. The oil distilled from the bark of Cinnamon. Oil of Cinnamon. Use.—(Intl.) as an adjunct to other remedies, to impart agree- tonics. 263 able flavour and warmth—employed in same cases as cinnamon in substance; and in syncope, paralysis of the tongue, spasmodic diseases ; added to aperient and other pills to prevent their griping tendency. Dose, m.i.—m. iii., on sugar. (Extl.) like most of the essential oils, it has been employed for relief of toothache, and sometimes with benefit. spiritus cinnamomi, l. e. d. Spirit of Cinnamon. Prep.—Mix together oil of cinnamon 3ii-> pf« spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; then at a slow heat distil cong. i., l.—or—With cinnamon coarsely powdered ibi., proceed as for sp. of caraway, e.—or—Macerate during 24 hours, cinnamon bark bruised ibi., pf. spirit cong. i., and water q. s. to prevent empyreuma; then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) having all the qualities of cinnamon, it forms an agreeable contribution to stimulating stomachic mixtures and draughts. Dose, 3i-—Iss. tinctura cinnamomi, u.s. l. e. d. Tincture of Cinnamon. Prep.—Digest for 14 days cinnamon bruised liii., in'diluted alcohol Oii.; express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days cinnamon bruised liiiss., in pf. spirit Oii. ; strain, l.—or— With cinnamon moderately powdered liiiss., and pf. spirit Oii., proceed by percolation or digestion, as directed for tincture of cassia, e.—or—Macerate during 14 days cinnamon bark bruised 3iiiss., in pf. spirit Oii.; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) chiefly as a stomachic, slightly astringent contri- bution to tonic or antacid mixtures in diarrhoea, &c; employed (slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid) to stimulate the stomach in cases of dyspeptic debility. Dose, 3i-—3iii-> afid upwards. TINCTURA CINNAMOMI COMPOSITA, U. S. L. E. Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. Prep.—Digest for 14 days cinnamon bruised Ii., cardamom seeds bruised Iss., ginger bruised 3i'i-» in diluted alcohol Oii.; express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days cinnamon bruised, Ii., cardamom bruised Iss., long pepper powdered, and ginger sliced, each 3iiss«» in pf. spirit Oii. ; strain, l.—or—With cinnamon coarsely powdered (fine if for percolation), and carda- mom seeds bruised, each Ii., long pepper finely ground 3iii-> and pf. spirit Qii., either proceed by process of digestion during 7 days, Sic ; or (best) by the method of percolation as directed for comp. tincture of cardamom, e. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; the additional aromatics ren- der this preferable for many cases. Dose, 3i-—3iii« 264 tonics. emplastrum aromaticum, d. Aromatic Plaster. Prep.—Melt together frankincense liii., and yellow wax Iss., and strain ; when just concreting or cooling, mix cinnamon bark powdered 3vi., and rubbed up with essential oil of pimento, and essential oil of lemons, each 3"-* and form a plaster. Use.—Intended as a stomachic plaster application in nausea, dyspeptic cases, &c. Contrayerva, u. s. contrajerva, l. The root of Dorstenia Con- trayerva. Contrayerva. Use.—(Intl.) an aromatic tonic and diaphoretic ; in typhus, and typhoid fevers ; diarrhasa, dysentery, Sic Dose, grs. v.— grs. xxx., in powder ; scarcely now heard of. [Coptis, u. s. Root of C. Trifolia. Goldthread. Use.—(Intl.) applicable to cases where quassia is indicated ; a very pure bitter, without astringency. Dose, powder grs. x.— xxx.; infusion (Ii., boiling water Oi.) fliss.; tincture (Ii., di- luted alcohol Oi.) f 3i-; also used as mouth wash in aphthous ul- cerations of that part. Comus Florida, u. s. Bark of C. Florida. Dogwood. Use.—(Intl.) in intermittent fever, and in all cases where Peru- vian bark is employed, but is inferior to that substance. Dose, 3i., to be repeated so that Ii.—Iii. is taken in the apyrexia. decoctum cornus Florida, u. s. Decoction of Dogwood. * Prep.—Dogwood bruised Ii., water Oi., boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain while hot. Use.—-(Intl.) same as decoction of Peruvian bark. Dose, flii. Comus Circinata, u. s. Bark. Round Leaved Dogwood. Use.—(Intl.) same as above ; best in infusion (Ii., boiling wa- ter Oi.) Dose, fli.—Iii. Cornus Sericea, u. s. Bark. Swamp Dogwood. Use.—(Intl.) same as above, and given in the same manner and doses. Cotula, u. s. Herb of Anthemis Cotula. Mayweed. Use.—(Intl.) in the same cases as chamomile; but from its disagreeable odour often repugnant to a patient; given also in hysteria and other nervous diseases; usually given in infusion made in the same manner as that of chamomile, and administered in the same doses. It also acts as an epispastic, if bruised and ap- plied to the skin.] tonics. 265 Cubeba, u. s. d. piper cubeba, l. cubeba, e. Cubebs. (v. Diuretics.) Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant, diuretic, and (all but) specific in gonorrhasa: in cases of great severity, and attended by symp- toms of intense inflammation, the employment of cubebs cannot prove beneficial; (like other valuable remedi* tional direction, have been approved as eml especially in treatment of venereal affections, much abuse of its powers has been committed by empirics); it has also been suc- cessfully used in leucorrhoea, &c. Dose, grs. xv.—3i-» pow- dered, 3 or 4 times daily. oleum cubeba, u. s. e. The volatile oil obtained from the foregoing. Oil of Cubebs. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; it is supposed to have all the medicinal qualities of cubebs in substance. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx., in syrup, or on sugar. tinctura cubeba, u. s. l. tinctura piperis cubeba, d. Tincture of Cubebs. Prep.—Digest for 14 days cubebs bruised liv., in diluted alco- hol Oii.; express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days cubebs bruised Iv., in rectif. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Macerate during 14 days cubebs liv., in pf. spirit Oii.; and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulating tonic, in same cases as cubebs in substance; also employed in dyspeptic complaints originating in drunkenness. Dose, 3l—3iii«> 2ce or 3ce a-day. Cubebs. R Cubebas Confec. opii Misturae acaciae Tere simul, et adde Aquae cinnamomi F. haustus. R Cubebas Copaibas Magnesias q. s. F. boli quorum sumat in die. R Cubebas Misturae acaciae Confec. aromatic. Tere simul etadde 23 Decoct, aloes comp. Tr. rhei comp. F. haustus. R Cubebae Sodae carb. Potassae bitart. M. f. pulvis, ter die sumendus. R 01. amygdal. Misturae acaciae M. et adde gradatim Aquae destil. Tr. cubebae Sp. aether, nitrici M. f. mistura, cujus cap. cochl. ampl. in die. 266 tonics. Cuprum. cupri acetas, d. Crystals of Acetate of Copper. Use.—(Intl.) in chorea, epilepsy, and other spasmi. Dose, gr. |, and cautiously enlarged to grs. ii. ; sometimes employed to afford acetic acid. a„ l. e. d. Sulphate of Copper. Use.—(Jail.) in chronic dysentery and diarrhoea. Dose, gr. £ —gr. |, combined with opium. (Extl.) applied to sluggish sores; sometimes employed as a collyrium in infantile oph- thalmia. CUPRUM AMMONIATUM, U. S. E. D. CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHAS, L. Ammoniated Copper. Prep.—At page 54. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as preceding; and in epilepsy, hysteric affections. Dose, gr. |—grs. v. LIQUOR CUPRI AMMONIO-SULPHATIS, L. CUPRI AMMONIATI SO- lutio, e. (aqua,) d. Solution of Ammoniated Copper. Prep.—At page 55. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, 3SS-—3iss" suffi- ciently reduced. (Extl.) as a collyrium to remove filmy opaci- ties, specks, Sic, from the cornea. pilula cupri ammoniati, e. Pills of Ammoniated Copper. Prep.—At page 55. Use.—Same as internal employment of all the above prepara- tions of copper. Dose, 1 pill (containing gr. ss. of the ammonio- sulphate) 2 or 3 times a day. Dianthus Caryophyllus, d. The Clove Pink, or Gillyflower. The flowers. Use.—(Intl.) only on account of the pleasant spicy odour, and fine deep red Colour of the flowers; they have probably some slight stimulant properties; employed formerly as a colouring syrup (say petals 1 part, to water 4 parts, and sugar 7 parts) for draughts, Sic Dose, ad libitum. Fermm, u.s. l. d. ferri ramenta, u.s. limatura, e. (et) ferri filum, u. s. e. (v. Anthelmintics.) Use.—(Intl.) iron, though sometimes prescribed as a tonic, has, in the metallic state, no such property; but acquires it from be- coming oxidated by meeting with acids in the stomach, &c. Dose, grs. v.—9i., the subjoined salts and preparations of iron being all powerfully tonic, are more suitable for selection, as remedies of the present class. TONICS. 267 ferri oxidum hydratum, u. s. ferrugo, e. (Hydrated Sesquioxide of Iron.) Prep.—Sulphate of iron liv., sulphuric acid f3iiiss., nitric acid f3vi., or q. s., solution of ammonia q. s., water Oiii.; dissolve the sulphate of iron in the water, add sulphuric acid, boil, add nitric acid gradually, until it ceases to produce a dark colour; filter, allow to cool, add solution of ammonia to excess, stirring briskly; wash precipitate with water, until the washings do not give a precipitate with chloride of barium ; keep in close bottles with water, u.s.—or—Dissolve sulphate of iron liv., in water Oii., and add thereto commercial sulphuric acid 3iiiss., then boil the solution : now add by small portions nitric acid (density 1.380) 3ix., boiling the liquid for a minute or two after each addition, until it acquires a yellowish-brown colour, and yields a precipitate of the same colour with ammonia. Filter; allow the liquid to cool; and then add in full stream stronger aqua ammoniae liiiss., stirring the mixture smartly. Collect the precipitate on a calico filter, and wash it till the washings cease to precipitate with nitrate of baryta. Squeeze out the water as much as possible, and dry the precipitate at a temperature not exceeding 180°. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic; may be given as a substitute for the sesquioxide, q. v. Dose, grs. x.—3SS- ? 0* IS found to be a de- cided antidote to poisoning with arsenious acid: it is best pre- served in a moist state when intended for said purpose.) rubigo ferri, d. (v. Anthelmintics.) Rust of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in debilitated conditions generally; tic douloureux; it was formerly much esteemed as a remedy for cancer. Dose, grs. v.—9i., 2ce a-day. FERRI SUBCARBONAS, U. S. FERRI SESQUIOXYDUM, L. FERRI oxydum rubrum, e. ferri carbonas, d. Precipitated Carbonate of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic deobstruent, emmenagogue. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx., (myrrh forms a suitable adjunct.) Iron. R Ferri subcarb. R Ferri subcarb. Rhei, pulv. Valeriana1, pulv. Zingiberis, pulv. Tere Syrupi zingiberis F. bolus. bene simul, et divide in R Ferri subcarb. pulveres. Ext. conii M. Distribue in pil. asquales Dos. bis die. (in scrofula and fluor albus.) 268 tonics. ferri oxydum nigrum, e. d. (The scales of the protoxide purified by aid of the magnet.) Red Oxide of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspectic weakness ; chlorosis; worms, Sic Dose, grs. v.—9i. ferri acetas, d. Acetate of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in some cases of much debility, where a mild chalybeate is requisite. Dose, 3'-—3ii-> *n water (or ass's milk). ferri carbonas saccharatum, e. Saccharine Carbonate of Iron. Prep.—Dissolve sulphate of iron liv., in water Oii.; also dis- solve carbonate of soda I v., in water Oii.; mix these two solutions together, and collect (on a cloth filter) the precipitate which is thereby formed; wash it immediately with cold water; squeeze out as much of the water as possible, and directly rub the pulp which remains with pure sugar powdered Iii.; dry the mixture at a temperature not much above 120°. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing; a pleasant form in which to em- ploy a chalybeate. Dose, grs. x.—3SS-» (tne sugar prevents any change in respect to oxidation.) ferrum"ammoniatum, u. s. ferri ammonio-chloridum, l. Ammoniated Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in diseases of the mesenteric glands ; epilepsy ; amenorrhoea; rachitis, &c. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. xx., 2ce or 3ce a-day. TINCTURA FERRI AMMONIO-CHLORIDI, L. Tincture of AmmO- nio—Chloride of Iron. Prep.—Dissolve ammonio-chloride of iron liv., in pf. spirit Oi.; strain. Use.—(Intl.) see preceding. Dose, m. xxx.—3"- '■> (tne tincture of the sesquichloride is at least equally efficacious.) ferri iodidum, u. s. l. e. Iodide of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia ; chlorotic cases, amenorrhea ; ra- chitis, scrofula, Sic Dose, grs. ii.—grs. vi. LIQUOR FERRI IODIDI, U. S. FERRI IODIDI SYRUPUS, E. Solu- tion of Iodide of Iron. Prep.—At page 27. Use.—(Intl.) same as foregoing. Dose, m. xv.—3i-> as a con- tribution to vegetable astringent mixtures, Sic TONICS. 269 FERRI FERROCYANURETUM, U. S. FERRI PERCYANIDUM, L. ferri cyanuretum, d. Percyanide, (l.) Cyanuret, (d.) of Iron. Prussian-Blue. Use.—(Intl.) has been employed by some as a tonic (and seda- tive), in remittent and intermittent fevers; dysentery; epilepsy. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. v., daily ; it has very feeble action. [ferri phosphas, u. s. Phosphate of Iron. Prep.—Dissolve sulphate of iron Iv.; phosphate of soda Ivi. severally in water Oiv. ; mix the solutions, and permit precipitate to subside; pour off fluid; wash the phosphate of iron with hot water and dry, u. s. Use.—(Intl.) has been employed in all cases to which the other preparations are applicable; found very useful in amenorrhoea. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x.] ferri sulphuretum, e. d. Sulphuret of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) as an antidote to poisoning with bichloride of mercury; (also employed in preparation of hydro sulphuric acid gas, for chemical purposes.) mistura ferri aromatica, d. Aromatic Mixture of Iron. Prep.—Digest in a covered vessel (shaking occasionally) dur- ing 3 days lance-leaved cinchona bark in rough powder Ii., co- lomba root cut 3iii«> cloves bruised 3ii-> and iron filings Iss., in peppermint water q. s. to allow Ixii., after straining. Add to this :—compound tincture of cardamoms liii., and tincture of orange-peel 3ni- Use.—(Intl.) said to be a good tonic, in general cases of debili- ty. Dose, Iss.—Iii. mistura ferri composita, u. s. l. e. d. Compound Mixture of Iron. Prep.—Rub together myrrh 5U rose water flviiss., mix with this, spirit of lavender flss., sugar 3U carbonate of potassa grs. xxv., and lastly sulphate of iron 9i.; pour at once into a glass bottle and keep well stopped, u. s.—or—Rub together myrrh powdered 3ii-» with spirit of nutmeg Ii. and carb. of potash 3i-5 add to these (while rubbing) first rose water Ixviii., and pure sugar 3ii->—then sulphate of iron powdered 9iiss.; put the mix- ture immediately into a proper glass vessel, and stop it, l. e.— or—Proceed in same manner with myrrh finely powdered 3>m carb. of potass grs. xxv., rose water Iviiss., sulphate of iron in powder 9i., spirit of nutmeg Iss., and refined sugar Z>\., d. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of amenorrhoea, chlorosis; hectic fever, dyspepsia, chorea, Sic—where astringent, tonic treatment is suit- able. Dose, Iss.—Iii. 23* 270 TONICS. FERRI et POTASSA TARTRAS, U. S. FERRI POTASSIO-TARTRAS, L. FERRUM TARTARIZATUM, E. FERRI TARTARUM, D. Tartrate of Iron and Potassa. Use.—(Intl.) in scrofula; dyspepsia, &c, and in cases gene- rally where exhibition of a chalybeate is proper. Dose, grs. v.— 3ss.; this is probably the most palatable of all the preparations of iron; it possesses some diuretic properties. ferri sulphas, u. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Iron. Use.—(Intl.) in weakened conditions consequent on various diseases; amenorrhoea, chlorosis; scrofulous and dyspeptic affec- tions. Dose, gr. i.—gr. iv., (larger doses are apt to nauseate) pre- scribed as pills, or in solution. ferri sulphas exsiccatum, e. Dried Sulphate of Iron. Prep.—By aid of a moderate heat dry any convenient quantity of sulphate of iron (in an earthenware or porcelain vessel not glazed with lead) until converted into a dry grayish-white mass; reduce this to powder. Use.—As an ingredient in the sulphate of iron pill. emplastrum ferri, u. s. e. Iron Plaster. Strengthening Plaster. Prep.—Add subcarbonate of iron liii. to lead plaster ibii., Bur- gundy pitch ibss.; melted together and stir till cold, u. s.—or— Rub together red oxide of iron Ii., and olive oil 3iiiss.; add this mixture to the following matters liquefied together at a gentle heat: —litharge plaster liii., resin 3vi«» and bee's-wax 3iii-; melt the whole thoroughly. Use.—As a bracing application to the muscles of weak parts— as the back, loins, joints. R Ferri et potassae tart. Aquae F. solutio, cujus cap. bis vel ter in die. R Ferri et potassae tart. Colombae, pulv. F. pul- vis, quaque hora su- mendus. R Ferri sulphatis Acidi sulphurici dil. Solve et adde Infusi gentianas comp. Aquae cinnamomi Magnesias sulphatis M. f. haustus (tonic and ape- rient.) R Ferri sulphatis Valerianae pulv. Mellis q. s. F. boli quorum capiat; secunda q.q. hora. R Ferri sulphatis Sodas carb. Sacchari Myrrhae, pulv. M. divide in pilulas quar. sum. in die. TONICS. 271 emplastrum thuris, d. Iron Plaster. Prep.—Melt together litharge plaster ibii., and frankincense ibss.; then add (by sprinkling) red oxide of iron liii.; shake well, and make them into a plaster. Use.—See foregoing. pilula ferri carbonatis, u. s. e. Pills of Carbonate of Iron. Prep.—Dissolve sulphate of iron liv., carbonate of soda I v., each in boiling water Oi., and to each solution add syrup fli.; mix two solutions, in a vessel just large enough to hold the mix- ture, set aside for carbonate of iron to subside; wash the precipi- tate with warm water, sweetened with syrup, (Iss. to Oi.) till the washings have no saline taste ; express in a flannel cloth, and add clarified honey liiss.; evaporate by a water-bath to proper con- sistence, u.s.—or—Beat together into suitable pill mass the fol- lowing:—saccharine carbonate of iron 4 parts, and conserve of red roses 1 part; then divide into pills of grs. v. each. Use.—See following. PILULA FERRI COMPOSITA, U. S. L. D. Compound Pills of Iron. Prep.—Rub together, myrrh powdered 3"-* and carb. soda 3i-; add sulphate of iron3i-» and rub again; then add treacle (syrup, u.s.) 3i-» and beat the whole in a warmed vessel, until incorpo- rated, u. s. l.—or—Proceed in same way with powdered myrrh 3ii., carb. of soda, sulphate of iron, and raw sugar, each 3i-> and syrup q. s., d. Use.—In chlorotic cases, tardy menstruation, &c.; and for general purposes of a chalybeate. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xx., 2ce a-day. pilula ferri sulphatis, e. Pills of Sulphate of Iron. Prep.—Beat the following together into proper pill mass :— dried sulphate of iron 2 parts, extract of taraxacum 5 parts, con- serve of red roses 2 parts, and liquorice powder 3 parts; and di- vide into pills of grs. v. each. Use.—Same as the sulphate. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xx. pilula rhei et ferri, e. Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. Prep.—At page 109. Use.—As a tonic aperient, in costiveness with debility. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xv. acetatis ferri tinctura, d. Tincture of Acetate of Iron. Prep.—Rub together in an earthen mortar, acetate of potass 2 parts, and sulphate of iron 1 part, until they unite into a mass ; 272 TONICS. dry them at a moderate heat, then rub them with rectif. spirit 26 parts; digest the mixture in a well-stopped phial during 7 days, agitating it occasionally; lastly, pour off the clear supernatant liquor, and keep it in a well-closed vessel. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as either of the foregoing prepara- tions of iron. Dose, m. x.—3i« TINCTURA ACETATIS FERRI CUM ALCOHOL, D. Tincture of Acetate of Iron with Alcohol. Prep.—Rub together in an earthen mortar, until they unite into a soft mass, acetate of potass, and sulphate of iron, each Ii., dry this at a moderate heat; and, as soon as it is cold, rub it with alcohol Oii. Pour the mixture into a phial which is to be well stopped, and digest during 24 hours, shaking occasionally ; lastly, pour off the pure tincture from its dregs, and keep in a stopped vessel. Use.—(Intl.) similar to the preceding ; but holds a larger pro- portion of sulphate of iron. Dose, m. xx.—3i-> in water (or ass's milk.) TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDI, U. S. TINCTURA FERRI SESQUI- CHLORIDI, L. TINCTURA MURIATIS FERRI, E. MURIATIS ferri liquor, d. Tincture of Chloride of Iron. Prep.—Subcarbonate of iron ibss., muriatic acid Oi., alcohol Oiii.; pour the acid on the subcarbonate of iron, and shake occa- sionally for 3 days ; set by to settle ; pour off" the liquid, and add it to the alcohol, u. s.—or—Pour hydrochloric acid Oi., on ses- quioxide of iron (in a glass vessel) Ivi. ; and digest during 3 days, shaking frequently ; now add rectif. spirit Oiii. ; and strain, l.—or—Add red oxide of iron Ivi., to commercial muriatic acid (in a glass vessel) Oi.; digest at a gentle heat, and agitate occa- sionally during 1 day, or till the greater part of the oxide be dis- solved; then add rectif. spirit Oiii., and filter, e.—or—To rust of iron (jn a glass vessel) 1 part, add muriatic acid 6 parts, stir oc- casionally during 3 days ; set aside that impurities may subside ; then pour off the clear liquor;—evaporate this slowly to 5 part, and (when cold) add rectif. spirit 6 parts, d. Use.—(Intl.) has long been approved as one of the most effica- cious preparations of iron, in all cases where decided tonic treat- ment is required, and where chalybeates are suitable; generally R Tr. ferri chlor. R Tr. ferri chlor. ---aloes comp. ---colombae ---castorei M. Dosis Infusi colombae F. haus- cochl. min. ex in- tus, bis in die sumendus. fusi anthemidis cyatho, ter die. TONICS. 273 regarded as specific in dysuria. Dose, m. x.—m. xxx.—3i-» a°d upwards, in cold water; great care should be bestowed on its pre- paration. (Extl.) as a styptic, v. page 67. [Frascra, u. s. Root of F. Walteri. American Columbo. Use.—(Intl.) used in same cases as Columbo and other simple bitters. Fresh root operates as an emetic and cathartic. Dose, grs. xxx.—3i-» °f infusion (Ii. to boiling water Oi) fli.—Iii.] Gcntiana, u. s. l. e. gentiana lutea, d. The root of G. Lutea. Gentian. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints, weak condition of sto- mach, hysteric affections, chlorosis, gout, cachectic habits conse- quent on tedious diseases ; an excellent adjunct to purgatives suit- able for torpidity of the intestines; sometimes combined with squill in dropsies. Dose, grs. x.—3i- (Extl.) has been em- ployed as an immediate application to foul sores. EXTRACTUM GENTIANA, U. S. L. E. EXTRACTUM RADICIS GEN- TIANA LUTEA, D. Prep.—Gentian in coarse powder ibi., water q. s.; mix the gentian with water Oi., let stand for 24 hours, place in percolator, and gradually pour water on it till the liquid passing possesses little bitterness; heat the filtered liquid to boiling point, strain and evaporate to proper consistence, u. s.—or—Macerate during 24 hours, gentian sliced ibiiss., in boiling distilled water cong. ii.; then boil down to.cong. i., and strain while hot; lastly, evapo- rate to due consistence, l.—or—Take any convenient quantity of gentian, bruise it to a moderately fine powder; mix it com- pletely with half its weight of distilled water; after 12 hours, place it in a proper percolator, and exhaust by percolation (v. process) with temperate distilled water; concentrate the liquid, filter before it is too thick, and then evaporate at vapour-bath heat to proper thickness, e.—or—Proceed as directed for ext. scobis haematoxyli campechiani (v. at page 69), d. Use.—(Intl.) same properties as gentian in substance ; a valua- ble basis for pills, especially those in which chalybeates, and other metallic salts form ingredients. Dose, grs. x.—3SS« INFUSUM GENTIANA COMPOSITUM, U.S. L. D. INFUSUM GEN- TIANA, e. Compound Infusion of Gentian. Prep.—Macerate (in a vessel lightly covered) during 1 hour, Gentian. R Gentianas Canellas Rhei M.; divide in chartulas qua- rum exhibetur ante prandium. 274 TONICS. gentian sliced, and orange-peel dried, each 3'i-> lemon-peel fresh 3iv., in boiling distilled water Oi.; strain, l.—or—Pour pf. spirit liv., upon gentian sliced Iss., bitter orange-peel dried and bruis- ed 3i., coriander bruised 3i.; after 3 hours add cold water Ixvi. (flxii., u.s.); and after 12 hours more, strain through calico or linen, e.—or—Infuse during 1 hour, in a covered vessel, gentian root cut, and orange-peel dried, each 3i-> fresh lemon-peel 3i-> in boiling water Ixii.; then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) same as Gentiana, above ; also employed in go- norrhasa, and irritation from affections of the urinary organs. Dose, Ii.—liii., 3 or 4 times a-day. mistura gentiana composita, l. Compound Mixture of Gentian. Prep.—Mix together compound infusion of gentian Ixii., compound infusion of senna Ivi., and compound tincture of car- damom Iii. Use.—(Intl.) when an aperient and tonic are required in dys- peptic complaints. Dose, Ii.—Iii. tinctura gentiana composita, u. s. l. e. d. Prep.—Digest for 14 days bruised gentian Iii., dried orange- peel Ii., cardamom seeds bruised Iss., in diluted alcohol Oii.; express and filter, u. s.—or—Macerate during 14 days gentian sliced liiss., orange-peel dried 3x., cardamom bruised Iv., in pf. spirit Oii.; strain, l.—or—Digest during 7 days gentian sliced and bruised liiss., dried bitter orange-peel bruised 3x., canella in moderately fine powder 3vi-> cochineal bruised 3ss-> in pf. spirit Oii.; strain and squeeze strongly; filter. It may be more conve- niently prepared by percolation, as for tincture of cardamom, e. —or—With gentian root cut and bruised Iii., orange-peel dried Ii., cardamom seeds (freed from the capsules) Iss., and pf. spirit Oii., macerate during 14 days, and then strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) as an agreeable stomachic in dyspeptic cases ; forms a valuable contribution to tonic mixtures, &c. &c. of the bitter kind. Dose, 3i-—3ni- R Potassae carb. Infusi gentianas comp. Sp. aether, nit. Tr. cinnamomi F. haustus pro re nata sum. R Acetatis potassae Infusi gentianas comp. Sp. juniperi comp. Sp. armoracias ---aether, nit. M. Dosis cochl. amp. subinde. R Infusi gentianas Tr. cinchonae Potassae carb. F. mistura. tonics. 275 vinum gentiana, e. Wine of Gentian. Prep.—Digest during 24 hours, gentian roughly powdered Iss., yellow bark in coarse powder Ii., bitter orange peel dried and sliced 3iU canella roughly powdered $i., in pf. spirit livss. ; then add sherry Oi. and Ixvi., and digest during 7 days ; strain, and express strongly; filter the liquor. Use.—(Intl.) similar to Tr. of Gentian. Dose, 3iii«—II HUmUlUS, U. S. LUPULUS, L. E. HUMULUS LUPULUS, D. Hops. (v. Narcotics.) Use.—To prepare the following:— EXT. HUMULI LUPULI, D. EXTRACTUM LUPULI, L. E. Prep.—at page 200. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic, anodyne, and diuretic; in dyspeptic complaints; gout; rheumatism. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx., in form of pills. INFUSUM HUMULI, U.S. INFUSUM LUPULI, L. Infusion of Hops. Prep.—at page 201. Use.—(Intl.) in same case as foregoing. Dose, Ii—liss., 2 or 3 times a-day; (it has some diuretic and aperient qualities.) TINCTURA HUMULI, U. S. D. TINCTURA LUPULI, L. E. Tincture of Hops. Prep.—Under Narcotics. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as the extract, above. Dose, 3ss. —3»- Inula, u. s. l. inula helenium, e. The root of Inula Heleni- um. Elecampane. Use.—(Intl.) in asthmatical affections, uterine obstructions. Dose, grs. x.—3i-» 2ce or 3ce daily; rarely chosen by the medical practitioner. Limon, v. s. limones, l. e. d. Lemons, (v. Refrigerants.) Use.—(Intl.) in febrile, inflammatory, and scorbutic diseases; added to barley-water, or water simply, to form agreeable acidu- lous drinks (lemonade, Sic); also employed to prepare effervesc- ing draughts. Dose, q. s. limonum succus, l. Lemon Juice. The juice from the fore- going. Use.—(Intl.) identical with preceding. 276 tonics. LIMONIS CORTEX, U. S. LIMONUM CORTEX, L. E. (v. CITRUS medica), d. Lemon Peel. Rind of the fruit. Use.—(Intl.) as an aromatic tonic ingredient in several officinal preparations. OLEUM LIMONIS, U. S. LIMONUM OLEUM, L. E. (v. CITRUS ME- dica), d. The oil expressed from the seeds, (l.)—from the rind of the fruit, (e.) Oil of Lemons. Use.—(Intl.) as an aromatic contribution to tonic and stomachic remedies. Dose, m. i.—m. v. (Extl.) has lately been employed as an application in certain cases of ophthalmia; the value of oil of lemons as a perfume is well known. SYRUPUS LIMONIS, U. S. D. SYRUPUS LIMONUM, L. E. Syrup of Lemons. Prep.—Add sugar ibii., to strained lemon juice Oi; and proceed as for syrup, u. s.—or—Dissolve at a gentle heat, sugar ibiiss., in lemon-juice strained Oi.; set aside during 24 hours, and then re- move the scum; now pour off the clear liquor from the dregs, if there be any, l. e. Take the juice of fresh lemons Oii.; let the dregs subside ; then place the juice in a mattrass, and apply a gen- tle heat during | of an hour ; when cold, strain through a sieve, and form it into a syrup. Use.—(Intl.) as an agreeable sweetening contribution to mix- tures or draughts, where no alkalis, carbonates, or alkaline earths are to be ingredients. Dose, q. s. [Liriodendron, u. s. Bark of L. Tulipifera. Tulip tree Bark. Use.—(Intl.) stimulant tonic, used in same cases as Peruvian bark, and also in dyspepsia and chronic rheumatism. Dose, powder 3ss.—3ii«> in infusion (Ii., boiling water Oi.), fli.—liii., in tincture f3i«] [Magnolia, u. s. Bark of M. Glauca. M. Acuminata. M. Tri- petela. Magnolia. Use.—(Intl.) gently stimulant, tonic, and aromatic ; beneficial in chronic rheumatism, and in periodic fevers. Dose, powder 3ss. to Ii., often repeated, also given in infusion and tincture, the latter generally made from the cones or fruit, and given in chronic rheumatism.] Matricaria, u. s. Flowers of M. Chamomilla. German Chamo- mile. Use.—(Intl.) similar in all respects to chamomile, and suited to the same cases; it is given in the same manner and doses.] TONICS. 277 Mastiche, u. s. l. e. d. Mastich. (v. Expectorants.) Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints ; leucorrhoea, diarrhoea. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xx., 2ce a-day; seldom employed, unless for stopping cavities of decayed teeth. Menyanthes, l. e. menyanthes trifoliata, d. menyanthes trifoliata, (l.)—the leaves, (e. d.) Buckbean, or Bogbean. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as gentian, and other bitter tonics ; but scarcely ever selected in modern practice. Dose, grs. x.— grs. xxx., powdered ; larger doses are apt to purge ; or of infusion (say Iss.—Ii. of the dried leaves, to water Oss.) 3i-—3lv« Myristica, u. s. l. e. myristica moschata, d. The kernels of the fruit of Myristica Moschata, (u. s.) The Nuts of M. Moschata, (l.) The kernel of the fruit of M. Officinalis, (e.) The kernel. (Essential oil, and the Involucrum, called Mace, d.) Nutmeg. Use.-^-(Intl.) added to other medicines as a carminative, sto- machic, to allay nausea and vomiting; in cases of flatulent dysen- tery. Much employed as a condiment for seasoning foods, drinks, &c. Dose, grs. v.—9i., scraped down. myristica oleum, u. s. l. e. (see foregoing), d. The volatile oil obtained from the above. Oil of Nutmeg. Use.—(Intl.) Seldom employed unless for its fragrance,as an ad- junct to liniment-applications ; in sprains and rheumatic affections. SPIRITUS MYRISTICA, U. S. L. E. SPIRITUS NUCIS MOSCHATA, d. Spirit of Nutmeg. Prep.—Nutmeg bruised Iii.; diluted alcohol cong. i., water Oi.; mix and distil a gallon by a slow fire, u. s.—or—Mix to- gether nutmegs bruised liiss., pf. spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; then at a slow heat distil cong. i., l. e.—or—Macerate during 24 hours nutmegs bruised Iii., in pf. spirit cong. i., and water q. s. to prevent empyreuma; then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) in syncope; and added as a corrective to griping aperients, &c. Dose, 3i-—3yi« myristica adeps, e. The concrete expressed oil from the kernel of Myristica Officinalis. Concrete oil of Nutmeg. Use.—(Extl.) as a gently stimulating emollient application ; little employed. Pimenta, u. s. l. e. d. The dried unripe berries, (l.)—the unripe berries, (e.)—the fruit, (d.) of Myrtus Pimenta, (l. d.) of Eugenia Pimenta, (e.) Pimenta. Pimento. Allspice. Use.—(Intl.) only as an aromatic adjunct to other (especially 24 278 TONICS. nauseous) medicines; much employed as a condiment. Dose, grs. v.—9ii. oleum pimenta, u. s. l. e. d. The essential oil obtained from the foregoing. Oil of Pimento. Use.—(Intl.) in dyspepsia, flatulent colic, tympanites ; as a con- tribution to stimulating tonic pills ; and to communicate its flavour to nauseating medicines. Dose, m. i.—m. v. aqua pimenta, l. e. d. Pimento water. Prep.—Mix together the following, and distil cong. i. there- from : pimenta bruised ibi. (or oil of pimenta 3ii-)» P^ spirit Ivii., and water cong. ii. l.—or—Proceed in same manner with pi- mento bruised rbi., water cong. ii., and rectif. spirit liii., e.—or —Macerate during 24 hours pimenta berries bruised ibss., in water a sufficiency to prevent empyreuma; and then distil cong. i., d. Use.—(Intl.) as an aromatic vehicle for active medicines. Dose, Ii.—Iii. SPIRITUS PIMENTA, U. S. L. E. D. Prep.—Pimento bruised Iii., diluted alcohol cong. i., water Oi.; macerate the pimento in the alcohol 24 hours, add water and distil cong. i., by a slow fire, u. a.—or—Mix together pimenta bruised liiss., pf. spirit cong. i., and water Oi.; and at a slow heat distil cong. i., l.—or—With pimento bruised ibss., proceed as directed for spirit of caraway, e.—or—Macerate during 24 hours pimenta bruised liii., in pf. spirit cong. i., and water a suf- ficiency to prevent empyreuma; then distil cong. i. d. Use.—(Intl.) in faintings, and for same purposes as the preced- ing. Dose, 3i.—3iv. Piper longum, l. e. d. The dried unripe fruit, (l.)—dried spikes, (e.)—seeds (d.) of P. Longum. Long Pepper. Use.—(Intl.) seldom administered by itself, but as an ingre- dient in some preparations of the present class ; in cases of gout, flatulent dyspeptic conditions; and as a condiment to food. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xv., in powder. Piper, u.s. piper nigrum, l. e. d. Black Pepper, (v. Epis- pastics.) Use.—(Intl.) in retrocedent gout, dyspepsia; paralysis, and in intermittents: much employed as a condiment. Dose, grs. xv. —9i., in powder. (Extl.) sometimes as an active ingredient of gargles ; in relaxed sore throats, &c. TONICS. 279 CONFECTIO PIPERIS NIGRI, L. 0. ELECTUARIUM PIPERIS, E. Confection of Black Pepper. Prep.—Rub together into very fine powder black pepper, and elecampane root, each ibi., fennel seeds ibiii., and sugar ibii.; and keep them in a covered vessel. When the confection is to be used, add honey (despumated) ibii.; and pound all together till completely incorporated, l. d.—or—Triturate together into a very fine powder black pepper, and liquorice-root powdered, each ibi., fennel ibiii., and white sugar ibii.; then add honey ibii., and beat the whole into a uniform mass, e. Use.—(Intl.) as a stimulant tonic, in cases of constitutional debility; has been recommended (with same intention as that for which Ward's Paste has been recommended) in piles and fistula, to obviate dryness in the rectum when said diseases seem to be thus induced. Dose, 3i>—3i'- '■> it should never be administered where there exists active inflammation. Potassa. potassa chloras, l. Chlorate of Potash. Use.—(Intl.) has been employed during the stages of prostra- tion in typhus and typhoid diseases. Dose, grs. iii.—grs. xx. [PrinOS, v. s. Bark of P. Verticillatus. Black Alder. Use.—(Intl.) as a tonic in periodic fevers, diarrhoea, and espe- cially in gangrene and mortification. Dose, powder 3SS-—3** 5 infusion (Ii., boiling water Oi.) fli.—Iii. (Extl.) as a wash for flabby and ill-conditioned ulcers, in infusion or as a poultice. Prunns Yirginiana, u.s. Bark of Cerasus Virginiana. Wild Cherry Bark. Use.—(Intl.) in periodic fevers ; in hectic fever of scrofula and consumption; in dyspepsia, Sic. Dose, of powder grs. xxx.— 3i.; also given in syrup, dose fli. infusum pruni virginiana, u. s. Infusion of Wild Cherry Bark. Prep.—Bruised Wild Cherry Bark Iss., cold water Oi.; ma- cerate for 24 hours and strain. Use.—(Intl.) used in same cases as above. Dose, flii.—liii., 3 or 4 times a-day.] Quassia, u. s. l. e. quassia excelsa, d. The wood of Q. Ex- celsa, (l. d.)—of Picraena Excelsa (seldom of Q. Amara), (e.) Quassia. Use.—(Intl.) in weakness of digestive powers; gout; hysteria. 280 TONICS. Dose, grs. v.—grs. xxx., powdered; but rarely administered in substance. extractum quassia, u. s. e. Extract of Quassia. Prep.—Proceed as directed for Ext. Gentianas, u. s.—or— With quassia, proceed in same way as with ext. of liquorice, q. v., e. Use.—(Intl.) same as preceding; chiefly as a basis for pills, with metallic tonics. Dose, grs. v.—grs. x. infusum quassia, u.s. l. e. d. Infusion of Quassia. Prep.—Infuse rasped quassia 5ii«> in cold water Oi., for 12 hours, and strain, u. s.—or—Macerate (in a vessel lightly co- vered) during 2 hours quassia sliced 9ii., in boiling distilled wa- ter Oi.; strain, l.—or—Infuse during 2 hours in a covered vessel quassia in chips 3i-> in boiling water Oi.; then strain through calico or linen, e.—or—Digest during 2 hours in a covered ves- sel the wood of quassia excelsa rasped 9i., in boiling water Oss.; and strain, d. Use.—(Intl.) in same cases as those alluded to under Quassia; and in bilious and other fevers; but chiefly as a vehicle for aro- matic tinctures, Sic Dose, Ii.—liv., 2ce or 3ce daily. tinctura quassia, u. s. e. d. Tincture of Quassia. Prep.—Macerate rasped quassia Iii., in diluted alcohol Oii., for 14 days ; express and filter, u. s.—or—Digest during 7 days quassia in chips $x., in pf. spirit Oii. ; then filter, e.—or—Ma- cerate during 7 days chips of quassia wood Ii., in pf. spirit Oii.; then filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, 3i-—3"* tinctura quassia composita, e. Compound Tincture of Quassia. Prep.—Digest during 7 days cardamom-seeds bruised, and cochineal bruised, each Iss., cinnamon moderately pulverized, and quassia in chips, each $vi., raisins Ivii., in pf. spirit Oii., strain, and squeeze the residual mass strongly, and then filter. May also be prepared by percolation, as directed for comp. tinc- ture of cardamom, provided the quassia be rasped, or in powder. Quassia. R Infusi quassias R Quassias Tr. ferri chlor. Vini Tr. calumbas M. Caryophylli, pulv. f. haustus. Macera et cola; dosis coch. min. in die. tonics. 281 Use.—(Intl.) may be employed indifferently with the preced- ing ; this is a more agreeable tincture, however. Dose, 3i.—3"* Quinia, u. s. quina, l. The alkali prepared from the bark of Cinchona Cordifolia. Quinia. Use.—(Intl.) has the same properties as the following, but on account of its being sparingly soluble is rarely employed. QUINIA SULPHAS, U. S. E. QUINA DISULPHAS, L. QUININA sulphas, d. Sulphate of Quinia. Use.—(Intl.) in intermittents, remittents; and in every case where the cinchonas and their preparations have been employed. Dose, gr. ss.—grs. iii.; and (as a febrifuge) to a greater extent j so much as grs. xiv.—3ss., and even 9ii., having been taken at once. (Extl.) said to have been advantageously rubbed into the axilla, as a remedy for ague in young patients; has also been administered by application to abraded surfaces. [pilula quinia sulphatis, u. s. Quinia Pills. Prep.—Sulphate of quinia Ii., gum Arabic in powder 3"-; syrup, q. s. Mix the sulphate of quinia and the gum, beat with syrup into a mass and divide into 480 pills, u. s. Use.—As the last, each pill contains a grain of the sulphate. Sabbatia, u. s. Herb of S. Angularis. American Centaury. Use.—(Intl.) in all cases where the simple bitters are indi- cated. Usually given in infusion (Ii., boiling water Oi.) Dose, fli-—Iii.; of powder grs. xxx.—3** > also given in decoction and extract.] R R R Quinine. Aq. menth. virid. M. f. Quinias sulphat. haustus, quaque Ext. cinchonas hor. sum. Syrupi aurantii cort. q. s. R Quinias sulph. F. boli quorum cap. Ext. gentianae quaque hora. G\ycyx.,pulv. q. s. Div. in Quinias sulph. pil. Opii R Quinias sulph. Mellis q. s. F. boli Antimonii et potassae tart. quor. sumat q. q. Div. in chartulas hora. quarum sumat imam. Quinias sulph. R Quinias sulph. Acidi muriat. Acidi sulphurici Camphorae Tr. aurantii cort. Sp. aether, nit. Syrupi ejusdem Tr. cardamomi Aquae M. f. haus-tus, ter die sumendus. 24< 282 tonics. Salix, u. s. salix alba, d. White Willow. The Bark. Salicis Cortex, e. salix caprea, d. The bark of S. Caprea. Great Round-leaved Willow. Salil Fragilis, d. Crack Willow. The Bark. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of weakened digestive powers, debility of convalescence; remittent and intermittent fevers (as a febri- fuge) ; phthisis, hectic. Dose, grs. xx.—3i-» in powder; or of decoction (say Iii., to water Oii., boiled to Oi.), Ii.—Iii. Its alkaloid principle (salicine) may be employed for the same pur- poses as disulph. of quina, which it considerably resembles in tonic properties. Sambucus. Elder, (v. Cathartics.) succus spissatus sambuci, d. Inspissated Juice of Elder. Prep.—Proceed in same manner with fresh ripe elder berries, as for succus spissatus aconiti. Use.—(Intll) formerly employed as an adjunct tonic, refrige- rant, and aperient in mixtures, Sic, chiefly for the fine colour it imparts when diluted. Dose, 3i.—3ii-; now obsolete. Santalum, u. s. pterocarpus, l. e. pterocarpus santalinus, d. The wood of P. Santalinus. Red Saunders, or Red Sandal Wood. Use.—Slightly aromatic, but employed merely to afford its fine color. Serpentaria, u. s. l. e. aristolochia serpentaria, d. (v. Sti- mulants.) Virginia Snakeroot. Use.—(Intl.) in conditions of weakness, during convalescence or otherwise; and sometimes in fevers of typhoid character, ex- anthemata, &c. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx. Simamba, u. s. l. e. quassia simaruba, d. The bark of the root of S. Officinalis, (u.s. l.)—of S. Amara, (e.)—of Q. Sima- ruba, (d.) Simaruba. Use.—(Intl.) in cases of unyielding diarrhoea and dysentery (especially the latter) where much debility is present; in inter- mittents; dyspeptic complaints; and wherever the employment of vegetable bitter tonics is indicated. Dose, grs. x.—grs. xxx. —3i-» powdered ; but rarely used thus ; the decoction or infusion is more convenient, as the following:— infusum simaruba, l. a. d. Infusion of Simaruba. Prep.—Macerate in a lightly covered vessel during 2 hours tonics. 283 simaruba bruised 3iii., in boiling distilled water Oi.; and strain, L. e. (the latter college orders boiling water simply)—or—Proceed in exactly the same manner with simaruba bark bruised 3ss., and boiling water Oss., d. Use.—(Intl.) see foregoing. Dose, Ii.—Iii;, 2 or 3 times daily; in larger doses it frequently acts as an emetic. Sinapis, u. s. l. sinapi, e. sinapis nigra, d. (et) sinapis alba, e. d. Mustard, (v. Emetics.) Use.—(Intl.) the seeds entire are sometimes employed as a remedy of the present class in dyspeptic cases; chlorosis, &c. Dose, 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls daily. Ulmus, l. ulmus campestris, d. Elm. (v. Alteratives.) Use.—(Intl.) in intermittent fevers ; scrofula. Dose, grs. xx. —3i-> m powder (rarely employed). Wintera. drimys aromatica, d. The bark. Winter's Bark. Use.—(Intl.) formerly employed instead of cinnamon, or ca- nella, as an aromatic adjunct to powders, &c. Dose, grs. x.— grs. xxx. [Xanthorrlliza, u. s. Root of X. apiifolia. Yellow Root. Use.—(Intl.) is useful in all cases where simple bitters are re- quired. Dose, 9i.—9ii., of infusion, (Ii., boiling water Oi.) flii.—f I iii.] Zincum. zinci oxidum, u. s. zinci oxydum, l. e. d. Oxide of Zinc. (v. Antispasmodics.) Use.—(Intl.) in chorea, epilepsy, and others of the spasmi; has been tried in cases of partial paralysis. Dose, gr. i.—grs. vi., as pill. (Extl.) as ointment (v. at page 79.) Zinc. R Zinci sulphatis R Zinci oxidi Ext. anthemidis F. Ext. hyosc. M. pill. bis in die divide in pil. capiend. R Zinci oxidi R Zinci sulphatis Valerianae, pulv. Acidi sulphurici Castorei Syrupi aurantii cort. Syrupi q. s. In pilulas Infusi aurantii cort. M. divide. sumantur cochlearia duo R Zinci sulphatis ter die. Myrrhas, pulv. Confec.rosae,q.s. Fiantpil. capiat in die. 284 TONICS. zinci sulphas, v. s. l. e. d. Sulphate of Zinc. Use.—(Intl.) in spasmodic diseases; phthisis ; dyspeptic and nervous affections. Dose, grs. i.—grs. ii., 2ce or 3ce daily. (Extl.) as lotion and injection, Sic, in tedious sores, and to expe- dite the union of parts after surgical operations ; leucorrhoea; gonorrhoea, &c. Zingiber, u. s. l. e. d. Ginger, (v. Sialagogues.) Use.—(Intl.) in dyspeptic complaints, chiefly for its aromatic, carminative qualities. Dose, grs. x.—3iy,> powdered. syrupus zingiberis, u. s. l. e. d. Syrup of Ginger. Prep.—Mix tincture of ginger fliv., with syrup cong. i., and by a water bath evaporate to proper consistence, u. s.—or— Macerate during 4 hours ginger sliced liiss., in boiling water Oi., and strain; then add (so as to dissolve) sugar ibiiss., l. e. (the latter College directs the ginger to be bruised, and pure sugar to be used.)—or—Macerate during 24 hours ginger root bruised liv., in hot water Oiii.; then to the strained liqour add (q. s.) of sugar, and form a syrup, d. Use.—As an agreeable corrective adjunct to griping aperients, and bitter tonic mixtures, Sic Dose, 3i«—5iii* tinctura zingiberis, u. s. l. e. Tincture of Ginger. . Prep.—Digest ginger bruised Iviii., in alcohol Oii., for 14 days; express and filter, u.s.—or—Macerate during 14 days, ginger sliced liiss., in rectif. spirit Oii.; and strain, l.—or—With ginger in rough powder liiss., and rectif. spirit Oii., either proceed by digestion during 7 days, &c.; or by percolation, as for tincture of cinchona, e.—or—Macerate during 7 days, ginger root coarsely powdered liiss., in rectif. spirit Oii.; then filter, d. Use.—(Intl.) see Ginger; the tincture forms a useful corrective addition to many infusions, and fluid purgatives. Dose, 3i»—3U- [The Leech is officinal in the L. D. Ph. ; but as no position suitable to its use occurs in the foregoing Classification of re- medies, it is inserted here.] Hirudo, l. hirudo medicinalis, l. d. The Medicinal Leech. Use.—A valuable means of local abstraction of blood in various inflammations, whether superficial or deep-seated, and for pur- poses of depletion in diseases of infants, (the greatest caution is necessary in regard to the amount of blood thus abstracted.) An average-sized leech may be reckoned as containing 3iss.—3iii- of blood. weights and measures. 285 PERCOLATION, OR DISPLACEMENT. The above-named process has been recommended by the Edin. College, as superior to that by digesting, &c, for the preparation of most of the officinal tinctures; it is as follows:—The solid materials required, usually in coarse or moderately fine powder, are moistened with a sufficiency of the solvent to form a thick pulp ; in 12 hours, or in many cases without any delay, the mass is put into a cylinder of glass, porcelain, or tinned iron, open at both ends, but obstructed at the lower end by a piece of calico or linen, tied tightly over it as a filter; and the pulp being packed by pressure, varying as to degree with various articles, the remainder of the solvent is poured into the upper part of the cylinder, and allowed gradually to percolate. In order to obtain the portion of fluid which is kept in the residuum, an additional quantity of the solvent is poured into the cylinder, until the tincture which has passed through equals, in amount, the spirit originally prescribed; and the spirit employed for this purpose is then recovered, for the most part, by pouring over the residuum as much water as there is of spirit retained. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES USED IN PHARMACY AND MEDICINE. WEIGHTS. The Gold, or " Imperial Standard Troy Weight," is that which is employed to regulate quantities of the drier substances. The Troy Pound is thus divided:— One Pound . . (ibi.)l r Twelve Ounces. " Ounce • (Ii-) Eight Drachms. " Drachm . (3i-) >:=< Three Scruples. " Scruple . . Oi-) Twenty Grains. " Grain . . (gr-1.) ^ «. 286 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. MEASURES. The " Imperial Standard Measure," used by the London and Edinburgh Colleges, is that employed to define quantities of fluids. The Imperial Gallon is divided thus :— "Eight Pints. Twenty Fluid Ounces. Eight Fluid Drachma. Sixty Minims. One Gallon (c. i., or cong. i.)"") " Pint .... (0 " Fluid Ounce. . (fli.) " Fluid Drachm . fei.) " Minim . . . (wi. i.) _ i-) I i.) > = < [The measure employed in the United States, is the Apothe- caries', or Wine measure, divided thus :— One Gallon (c. i. or cong. i.)" " Pint . . . (Oi.) " Fluid Ounce . (fli.) " Fluid Drachm . (fji.) '* Minim . . . (ai,)^ Eight Pints. Sixteen Fluid Ounces. Eight Fluid Drachms. Sixty Minims.] ON POISONS. 287 NOTES ON POISONS, And the means immediately necessary for attempting their De- composition, Neutralization, and Evacuation, in cases where they may have been received into the stomach. In every instance where evacuation of a poison has been time- ously effected, or its destructive action otherwise combated, the medical treatment subsequently applicable, must, of course, be regulated by the circumstances of each case. [The substances here enumerated as Poisons, are arranged nearly according to the Classification which has been closely followed by the best authors on Toxicology; namely, that of M. Orfila, in his deservedly approved " Traite des Poisons."] Classification :— 1. Irritating and Corroding (Mineral, Animal, and Vegeta- ble) Poisons. 2. Narcotizing or Stupefying Poisons. 3. Acrid Narcotic Poisons. 1. IRRITATING AND CORRODING POISONS. (Acids :—All the energetic Mineral Acids.) Arsenic, (And Arsenical preparations generally.) (Objects.)—Ejection of the poison by vomiting; its decompo- sition ; and, at the same time, protection of the stomach from its action. (Treatment.)—Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, de- coctions of starch, or oily mixtures; tickling the fauces, Sic, to induce vomiting; the stomach-pump; emetics of sulphate of zinc; hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly prepared, v. process, page 267) in large doses is the only antidote of reliance. Tests. In the solid state:—entirely sublimed by heat. If previously- mixed with charcoal (and placed in a suitable test-tube) deoxi- dated arsenic will be obtained in form of a metallic coating inside the tube; and this may be reconverted into arsenious acid by urging it in various directions along the tube with the aid of a 288 ON POISONS. minute (spirit-lamp) flame; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen in some places with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a 4-power lens. In solution:—ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon- coloured (arsenite of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal nitrate of copper throws down a fresh grass-green (arsenite of copper) pre- cipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a bright yellow (sesquisulphuret of arsenic) precipitate. Lime- water precipitates a white (arseniteoflime) powder; but this test is not one of reliance. Placed with zinc, and diluted sulphuric acid, in Marsh's appa- ratus, the arseniuretted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of glass held over the flame. The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as directed above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. [Note.—In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in cases of death, the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled during at least | hour: if not sufficiently fluid, add distilled water. Strain, and with addi- tion of a small quantity of potash, again boil during % hour, and filter. If this liquor manifests either alkaline or acid re- action, neutralize with potash, or with acetic acid, as may be required; then acidulate it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove the acid ; and solu- tion of muriate of soda will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experimented on with the above tests.] Nitric Acid. (Obj.)—To render the acid inert by neutralizing it with earthy carbonates ; and then to withdraw it. (Treat.)—Mixtures composed of chalk, or magnesia, with sweet milk, or water ; linseed decoction, or other mucilaginous drinks; soap dissolved in water; and enemata of the same in- gredients. Tests. By addition of eopper or lead-filings, and application of heat, rich red fumes are evolved. Hydrochloric (or Muriatic) Acid. (Obj.)—Same as in preceding. (Treat.)—Chalk must be avoided, as chloride of calcium will be formed; but the other means directed for foregoing acid are proper. ON POISONS. 289 Nitro-Muriatic Acid. (Obj. and Treat.)—As for the preceding. Tests. Muriatic acid:—Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid (in small proportion) is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach, therefore proof of its presence in ex- cess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wet- ted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammonias, so as to let the vapours of both meet, white (muriate of ammonia) fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver produces a white (chloride of silver) curdy-looking precipitate. Oxalic Acid. (Obj.)—To neutralize the acid,and then evacuate the stomach by immediate vomiting. (Treat.)—Mixtures of magnesia, whiting (or plaster scraped from off the inside wall of an apartment) mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as convenient for swallowing); abundant drinks subsequently. No alkalis should be employed. Tests. In solid state :—Has the characterizing sour taste of most acids; and produces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a crackling sound accompanies solution of its crystals. In solution:—Solution of chloride of lime produces a white (oxalate of lime) precipitate (which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid; but soluble in nitric acid). Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate, (which, on being carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish out- line ; and towards the end shows some slight explosions.) Sulphuric Acid. (Obj. and Treat.)—Same as for Nitrie Acid. Tests. Solution of chloride of barium, or of nitrate of baryta, produces a white (sulphate of barytes) precipitate, which is insoluble by alkalis or acids. Tartaric Acid. (Obj.)—To neutralize the acid, and thereafter remove it by emesis. (Treat.)—Alkaline carbonates in solution; chalk and water. This acid is now all but excluded from the list of poisons. 25 290 ON POISONS. Alkalis:—Caustic Alkalis. AMMONIA. SOLUTION OF AMMONIA. (Obj.)—To clear out the stomach as immediately as possible, and protect it from action of the poison. (Treat.)—Irritate the fauces with a feather to promote vomiting; and with same view give repeated teacupfuls of warm fluids con- taining olive or almond oil (or either of these oils undiluted); or gum mucilage, mixed with vinegar, citric or other vegetable acids ; glysters of similar ingredients are also required. Inhalation of the fumes of muriatic acid, or of heated vinegar, has sometimes proved efficacious. Tests. Its powerfully pungent odour, and its alkaline action on vege- table colours ; infusion of red cabbage will afford full illustration (this effect is destroyed by subsequent boiling). Added to sulphate of copper in solution, a blue (ammoniacal sulphate of copper) precipitate is obtained; and if more solution of ammonia be added, said precipitate is dissolved, (when in the state of being nearly dissolved, it forms one of the important tests for arsenic.) Lime. (Obj.)—See preceding. (Treat.)—Induce vomiting by irritation of throat, Sic, and ad- minister copious demulcent or oily drinks. Tests. In substance:—Its peculiar odour, and austere styptic taste. When triturated with muriate of ammonia, fumes and odour of ammonia are evolved. In solution:—Changes the vegetable blues to green. When exposed in an open vessel to the air, a pellicle (of carb. of lime) forms on the surface; this will effervesce and dissolve on addi- tion of acid. Oxalic acid produces a white (oxalate of lime) pre- cipitate. Potassa. Soda. (and their carbonates, nitrate of potash.) (Obj.)—Same as preceding. (Treat.)—Large doses of fixed oils, mucilaginous draughts; until the matters ejected cease to show alkaline qualities. Tests. Potassa, in solid state:—Its appearance. Deliquesces on ex- posure to the atmosphere. ON POISONS. 291 In solution:—Changes to green the vegetable blues; turns the yellow of turmeric to a brown colour. Addition of chloride of platinum throws down a yellow precipitate. Soda, in substance :—In sensible and general alkaline proper- ties resembles potash, but is less deliquescent. In solution :—No yellow precipitate from addition of chloride of platinum (which distinguishes it from potassa). Alcohol when mixed with soda (or any of its salts) burns with a fine yel- low flame; which is probably the most decided test for this alkali. Nitrate of Potash, in substance :—Dissolved in distilled water, and a small amount of nitric acid added, deep red fumes are dis- engaged whenever heat (from a spirit-lamp flame) is applied. In solution :—Chloride of platinum precipitates a yellow sub- stance, as in the case of Potassa (v. above). Chloride of Barium, (and preparations of baryta.) (Obj.)—Speedy decomposition of the poison, and its with- drawal. (Treat.)—Sulphate of magnesia, or of soda; the stomach- pump. Tests. In solution:—Sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white (sulphate of baryta) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of sil- ver also produces a white (sulphate of silver) precipitate. Sul- phuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance; which circumstance being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. Antimony, (tartar emetic ; and antimonial preparations generally.) (Obj.)—To empty the stomach completely. (Treat.)—Encourage vomiting by irritation of the throat; or employ the stomach-pump if requisite; repeated warm-water draughts ; decoctions of galls, or of cinchona (with tincture of the latter). Tests. In a solid state:—If first dried and charred, then exposed in a test-tube to intense heat (by aid of a blowpipe) globules of metallic antimony appear at the bottom. In solution:—Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a reddish or orange (hydrated sesquisulphuret of antimony) precipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the so- 292 ON POISONS. lution must be well agitated along with a small portion of mu- riatic and tartaric acid; then filtered previous to being experi- mented on. Bismuth, (the trisnitrate.) (Obj.)—Complete ejection of the poison. (Treat.)—Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, &c, and give continuous full draughts of sweet milk. Tests. In substance :—Dissolves in nitric acid, without change of co- lour, and without effervescing (which distinguishes it from a car- bonate). Sulphuric acid produces no precipitate (disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead). Dissolve it in nitric acid, and add solution of potash so long as any precipitate is thrown down; gather this in a filter, and after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal (and treat it as directed for prepa- rations of lead), when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. Copper, (its salts and preparations generally.) (Obj.)—To decompose the poison, and remove it from the stomach. (Treat.)—Copious draughts of warm liquids containing albu- men of eggs; continue to give eggs in the raw state for some time after the vomiting ceases. Tests. The sulphate in a solid state :—Bright blue colour, astringent metallic impression on the tongue. In solution :—Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish-black (sidphuret of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates a pure blue substance, which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved; but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-coloured solution being then at once presented. Ferrocy- anide of potassium throws down a reddish-brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. A piece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a table-knife) acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. The tests for Sulphuric Acid (q. v.) will indicate its presence here as the combining acid. The Acetate:—Same tests as preceding, excepting the last two. ON POISONS. 293 The Ammonio-Sulphate:—Has a brilliant violet-blue colour, and an ammoniacal odour. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate ; this experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid. The Diacetate:—Same tests as for the Sulphate, with exception of that which is placed last. Lead, (its acetate, carbonate, and preparations generally.) (Obj.)—To decompose the poison, and then promote its ejec tion. (Treat.)—Administer solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses ; induce and continue vomiting ; if red lead is the poison, almond or olive oil must at first be given in considerable quantity. Tests. In a solid state:—Mixed with potash and charcoal, and ex- posed to a red heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, and exposed to a blow-pipe flame) metallic lead is formed. In solution:—Sulphuric acid, and sulphates, throw down a white (sulphate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carb. of soda gives a white (carbonate of lead) deposit: Solution of chromate of potash a rich yellow (chromate of lead) precipitate. Trans- mission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish (sulphuret of lead) precipitate. Zinc precipitates lead from solution of any of its salts. To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. Mercurials. (corrosive sublimate ; the bicyanide ; calomel ; iodide ; red precipitate ; persulphate, or turpeth mineral, &c. Sic) (Obj.)—Decomposition of the poison, and its ejection from the stomach. (Treat.)—Albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and in- fusion of catechu afterwards ; sweet milk ; mixtures of flour with water (for sake of gluten) in successive cupfuls ; iron filings; (emetics of tartrate of antimony have been recommended, to com- bat ptyalism, when present.) Tests. Corrosive sublimate in a solid state:—Is sublimed when heated in a test-tube; and the acrimonious fumes speedily con- dense into a crystalline semi-transparent mass. Placed in a test- 25* 294 ON POISONS. tube, and potassa or soda added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is thrown down; (lime has the same effect.) Triturated with an equal weight of well-dried carbonate of potassa, metallic globules of mercury will become visible. In solution:—Ammonia sends down a white (ammonio-chlo- ride of mercury) precipitate. Solution of jorofo-chloride of tin affords a (per-chloride of tin) precipitate, which at first is white, but acquires a leaden colour on adding more of said test; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules of quicksilver are formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydro- gen produces a (bisulphuret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden coloured, then black. Solution of iodide of potassium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (protoioduret of mercury) precipitate. Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence applied as follows:—A drop of the suspected fluid laid on a piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercury soon becomes apparent on the gold. Being most solu- ble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of much service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. The Bicyanide:—When sublimed within a test-tube, it con- denses in yellow crystals ; these, on being touched with any small point, gradually acquire a fine scarlet colour. The Calomel:—Is sublimated by heat. When heated along with potash, it at first assumes a black appearance, and then quicksilver globules are observed. Sulphuric ether is equally valuable in treatment of calomel, as in the foregoing. The Iodide:—On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red coloured crystals; which soon change to yellow, and subse- quently to a dusky hue. On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with potash (in equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decomposition oc- curs; metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. The Red Precipitate :—Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is sublimed; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. The Persulphate :—Treated in same manner as foregoing, subli- mation of the mercury takes place; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly evolved. Silver, (the nitrate.) (Obj.)—Speedy decomposition of the poison, and its subse- quent evacuation from the stomach. on poisons. 295 (Treat.)—Give, in repeated draughts, a strong solution of chlo- ride of sodium (common salt), and continue its employment, although vomiting should have been complete. Test. In solution:—Muriatic acid throws down a curdy-looking (chloride of silver) precipitate, which acquires a brownish-black . colour on short exposure to the light; this substance, after being washed and dried, fuses on being heated; and when cool, has a horny appearance. Solution of ammonia produces a deep brown (oxide of silver) precipitate; if the solution of ammonia is added in excess, the precipitate will be dissolved; when only almost dissolved, the turbid mixture thus afforded forms the ammoniaco- nitrate of silver test for arsenious acid, and may itself be tested with a solution of the latter. Phosphorus. (Obj.)—Decomposition of the poison, and its total evacuation. (Treat.)—Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts ; promote continuous vomiting by tickling application of a feather to the fauces, Sic Tests. The peculiarity of its odour; its highly inflammable property, when only moderately heated. (Irritating and Corroding Animal Poisons.) Cantharides. (Obj.)—Immediate ejectment of the poison, and protection of the stomach and intestines from its energetic action. (Treat.)—Promote vomiting by repeated copious draughts of warm water; enemata of water with opium, &c.; camphor. Tests. Characteristic green, and glistering appearance of the flies, when portion of them can be obtained. The Mussel, Lobster, Dolphin, Conger Eel, AND SOME MORE VARIETIES OF FISH--CRUSTACEOUS, TESTACEOUS, AND OTHERS--ARE POISONOUS UNDER CERTAIN (DISEASED ?) CONDITIONS. (Obj.)—Their removal from the stomach and intestines. (Treat.)—Induce full vomiting by exhibition of sulphate of zinc; mustard, in tepid water; or warm decoction of chamomile, in repeated emetic quantities. Castor oil. 296 ON POISONS. Tests. None by chemical agency. (Irritating and Corroding Vegetable Poisons.) Colocynth. Elaterium. Euphorbium. Gamboge. Mezereon. Savine. (Obj.)—Evacuation of the poison from the stomach and bowels. (Treat.)—Copious demulcent drinks in a warm state; sue- * ceeded by liquid cordial, stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circumstances. Tests. None by means of reagents. The rich yellow colour of gam- boge may sometimes prove a means of its detection. And fami- liar acquaintance with others of the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, &c. II. NARCOTIZING OR STUPEFYING POISONS. Opium, Morphia, Hyoscyamus, Lactuca Virosa, Lactucarium, AND THEIR PREPARATIONS GENERALLY. (Obj.)—To empty the stomach as immediately as possible. (Treat.)—The stomach-pump ; copious administration of warm diluents; with full emetic doses of tartrate of antimony, sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of copper. After sufficient evacuation, give vegetable acids in a suitably diluted state. During said treat- ment, application of cold water to the head, Sic, should be per- severed in, and in many instances mustard applications to the feet; and the patient strenuously aroused whenever he subsides into a lethargic condition. Tests. Opium in substance:—Its peculiar taste, colour, and odour (especially the latter quality when arising from opium in a soft- ened or moist state, and more so if it be moderately heated; as when just obtained from the stomach). In solution:—Nitric acid throws down a red-coloured (nitrate of morphia) precipitate. Tincture of the muriate of iron produces a (meconate of iron) deposit, which is also red. When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach, it usually contains a mingling of organic substances ; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered sufficiently fluid, by ad- dition of distilled water when necessary, then slightly acidulated with acetic acid ; the liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, ON POISONS. 297 then filtered, must be evaporated to thickness of syrup. And after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and again concen- trated to nearly the consistence of syrup. When this alcoholic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, solu- tion of ammonia cautiously added produces a (morphia) precipi- tate, which acquires a yellow colour when nitric acid is dropped into it. When the last named precipitate is removed by filtration, and acetate of lead added to the supernatant (meconate of ammo- nia) liquor, a (meconate of lead) deposit is afforded; which, when suspended in water, is decomposed by transmission of sulphuret- ted hydrogen; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry- red hue on addition of the sesquichloride of iron. Morphia, in the solid state:—Is soluble only in a slight degree in water. Nitric acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a yellow colour. When suspended in water, it is changed to a dull blue, on addition of tincture of muriate of iron. Hydrocyanic (or Prussic) Acid. CHERRY-LAUREL OIL, AND CHERRY-LAUREL WATER; BITTER ALMOND (and its oil.) (Obj.)—Endeavour to counteract the deadly sedative congest- ing influence of the poison. (Treat.)—The internal remedies best calculated to act chemi- cally on this poison, are, carbonate of potash in solution, quickly succeeded by watery solutions of sulphate of iron (with the in- tention of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious substance named prussian blue); the instances of successful treat- ment by these, or, indeed, by any other kind of treatment, are extremely rare, however. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, &c.; artificial respiration; exhibition of energetic stimulants- such as brandy, liquid ammonia ; chlorine-water, chloride of soda, and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried; also, mus- tard poultices to the stomach, and cowhage applied over the chest; venesection at the neck, temples, &c.; and affusion of cold water to the head and spinal district, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. Employment of the stomach- pump, emetics, Sic, seems here a most improbable means of relief —or rather, a waste of time. Tests. The (bitter almond) peculiarity of its odour. When a little potash is mixed with liquids containing this poison, and solution of sulphate, or sesquichloride of iron added, a grayish-green pre- cipitate is thrown down—which deepens to a prussian blue tint, 298 ON POISONS. on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of sil- ver produces a white (cyanide of silver) precipitate; which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rose-colour, cyanogen being at same time evolved. When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, Sic, if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, then £ part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture ; and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, as above. Gaseous (Narcotic) Poisons. CHLORINE, CARBONIC ACID, CARBURETTED HYDROGEN, SULPHURET- TED HYDROGEN, &C. (Obj.)—To avert suffocative symptoms, in the first place. (Treat.)—Remove the patient from the situation or apartment in which the poison had been inhaled; or open the doors, win- dows, &c, for admission of pure air; continued application of cold water to the head and neck. V. S. may be necessary; or cupping at back of the neck; cautious inhalation of steam from warm water placed in a convenient vessel. Tests. Chlorine:—Take a bottle containing distilled water into the tainted apartment, and after pouring out rather more than half the water, cork the bottle, and apply the tests directed for Muri- atic Acid. Carbonic Acid:—Proceed with a bottle of (lime) water, as just described ; the solution of lime acquires a milky appearance on being well agitated, if the said gas may have been in the at- mosphere of the apartment. A lighted candle will detect the pre- sence of carbonic acid gas (if in excess) by being immediately extinguished in the tainted atmosphere; it must, for this purpose, be held near the floor. [The utmost caution requires to be ob- served in introducing lighted tapers into close situations supposed to contain this gas, lest an explosive hydrocarbon may, instead, be met with.] III. ACRID NARCOTIC POISONS. Alcohol, Belladonna, Cocculus Indicus, Colchicum Autumnale, Digitalis, Fool's Parsley, Hellebore, (Water) Hemlock, (Spotted) Hemlock, (Poi- sonous) Mushrooms (many varieties), Nux Vomica, Stramonium, Saba- dilla, Tobacco, Veratria, Veratrum Album, &c. &c. (Obj.)—To relieve the stomach and bowels of their poisonous contents as speedily as possible. ON POISONS. 299 (Treat.)—The stomach-pump, tickling the fauces, emetics, warm diluents, demulcents, sulphate of magnesia, or of soda, and similar treatment to that directed above for Opium, Morphia, &c. Tests. By sensible qualities chiefly. In fatal cases from alcohol, the stomach should, with its contents, be cut and broken down ; and after sufficient fluidity given to the mixture by addition of dis- tilled water, it should be submitted to repeated distillation at a heat under 212°. POISONED WOUNDS OF EVERY KIND. (Obj.)—To prevent absorption of the virus. (Treat.)—If on the extremities, tie a ligature tightly round the limb, Sic, between it and the heart; apply cupping-glasses so as to include the wound; then, or at first, apply nitrate of silver, or the actual cautery; removal of the part by the knife;—particular directions for the management of accidents of this nature, how- ever, are here unnecessary, as they more properly belong to works on Surgery. ERRATA. Page 20 line 2 for h. oxidum rubrum read h. oxidum nigrum. " 75 " 17ybrCONFECTIOGALLICJEreaC?CON. ROSAGALLICiE. " 79 " 18ybr zinci oxidi read zinci oxidum. " 158 " 31 for ipecacuanha read ipecacuanha. " 187 " 22 for pix liquid read pix liquida. " 238 " 15 for pix liquida read pix liquida. " 242 " 4/or Saseafras read Sassafras. INDEX I. PHARMACEUTIC AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES. **Abietis resina, 178 Absinthium, 42, 245 Acacia, 120 Arabica, 120 vera, 120 catechu, 64 Acetosella, 217 Acetum, 61, 215 Britannicum, 61 cantharidis, 143, 174 colchici, 93, 196 destillatum, 61 Gallicum, 61 opii, 207 scillae, 150, 188 vini, 61 Acidum aceticum, 61, 171, 216 camphoratum, 230 arseniosum, 14, 246 benzoicum, 51, 183 citricum, 216 hydrochloricum, 246 dilutum, 42, 216, 246 hydrocyanicum, 191 dilutum, 191 muriaticum, 141, 246 dilutum, 42, 216, 246 nitricum, 246 dilutum, 216, 247 purum, 246 nitro-muriaticum, 247 phosphoricum dilutum, 247 Prussicum, 191 pyroligneum, 61 euccinicum, 59 sulphuricum, 61, 217, 247 aromaticum, 247 dilutum, 61, 247 purum, 247 venale, 61, 247 tannicum, 62 tartaricum, 217 26 Acinula clavus, 162 Aconitina, 192 Aconiti folia, 191 radix, 161 Aconitum, 191 Acorus, 253 Adeps, 166 Adeps ovillus, 170 praeparatus, 170 suillus, 166 praeparatus, 166 jErugo, 176, 234 .Ether sulphuricus, 47, 192, 217, 223 nitrosus, 142 Alcohol, 193, 224 dilutum, 225 Aletris, 248 Allium, 171, 182,225 cepa, 225 sativum, 171, 182, 225 Aloe, 42, 87, 161 Barbadense, 87 hepatica, 87 indica, 87 socotorina, 87 spicata, 87 vulgaris, 87 Althaea, 121 folia, 121 officinalis, 121 radix, 121 Alumen, 62 exsiccntum, 62, 171 siccatum, 62, 171 Ammonia, 32, 131, 171,218 Ammoniae acetatis liquor, 131, 218 aqua, 131, 218 aqua, 226 fortior, 225 bicarbonas, 32 carbonas, 33, 131, 156, 226 carbonatis aqua, 33, 226 302 Ammonias hydrochloras, 171 hydrosulphuretum, 156 liquor, 226 fortior, 171 murias, 171 oxalas, 226 sesquicarbonas, 33, 131, 156, 226 Ammoniacum, 48, 182, 228 Amygdala amara, 121 dulcis, 122 Amygdalae oleum, 123, 167 Amygdalus communis, 121 Persica, )92 Amylum, 123 Anamirta cocculus, 196 Anethum, 80 fceniculum, 80 Angelica, 248 Angustura, 248 Anisum, 80 Anthemis, 156, 249 nobilis, 156, 249 Antimonii et Potassae tartras, 13, 132, 157, 172, 183 oxydum, 133,157 nitromuriaticum, 133, 157 oxysulphuretum, 13 potassio-tartras, 13, 132, 157,172, 183 sesquisulphuretum, 133 sulphuretum, 133 aureum, 13 praecipitatum, 13 praeparatum, 133 Antimonium tartarizatum, 13, 132,157, 172, 183 Apocynum androsaemifoliuro, 157 cannabinum, 91 Aqua, 123 ammonia?, 32, 172 acetatis, 131, 218 carbonatis, 33 caustics, 172 fortior, 171, 225 anethi, 80 aurantii, 251 barytas muriatus, 15, 252 calcis, 33 composita, 135 muriatis, 16, 253 camphors, 52, 195, 231 carb. sodas acidula, 41 carui, 81 cassiae, 257 chloronei, 176 cinnamomi, 262 cupri ammoniati, 266 destillata, 123 florum aurantii, 251 fceniculi, 82 Aqua lauro-cerasi, 204 menthae piperita;, 84 piperitidis, 84 pulegii, 85 viridis, 85 picis liquidae, 238 pimentae, 278 potassae, 38, 178, 239 carbonatis, 39, 149 effervescens, 39 sulphureti, 239 plumbi diacetatis, 72 pulegii, 85 rosae, 128 sambuci, 139 sodae carbonatis, 40 effervescens, 41 Aralia nudicaulis, 133 spinosa, 133 Arctium lappa, 133 Argenti cyanidum, 250 nitras, 173, 250 fusum, 173, 250 nitratis crystal!i, 173,250 solutio, 250 Argentum, 173, 250 cyanuretum, 250 Armoracia, 142, 221, 229 Arnica montana, 229 Arsenici oxydum album sublimatura, 14, 246 Arsenicum album, 14, 246 Artemisia absinthium, 245 chinensis, 177 indica, 177 santonica, 42 Asarum, 157, 181, 250 Asclepias incarnata, 157 tuberosa, 134 Aspidium, 44 filix mas, 44 Assafcetida, 49,161, 183 Astragalus creticus, 130 gummifer, 130 verus, 130 Atropa belladonna, 193 Aurantii cortex, 218, 251 flores, 252 Aurantium, 218, 251 Avena,124 Avenae farina, 124 sativa, 124 Axungia, 166 Azedarach, 43 Balsamodendron myrrha, 186 Balsamum canadense, 154 Peruvianum, 185 tolutanum, 189 Barilla, 40 INDEX. 303 Barii chloridum, 14, 252 Barytas carbonas, 15 murias, 14, 252 muriatis aqua, 15, 252 nitras, 15 nitratis solutio, 15 sulphas, 15 Belladonna, 193 Benzoinum, 51, 183 Bismuthi subnitras, 253 trisnitras, 253 Bismuthum, 253 album, 253 Bitumen petroleum, 57 Tlonplandia trifoliata, 248 Borax, 63 Boswellia thurifera, 187 Brominium, 15 Brominum, 15 Buchu, 134, 147 Bucku,134, 147 Cajuputi, 57, 230 Calamina, 78 praeparata, 78 Calamus aromaticus, 253 Calcii chloridum, 16, 253 Calcis carbonas, 34 praecipitatum, 34 hydras, 173 murias, 16, 253 muriatis solutio, 16, 253 aqua, 16, 253 phosphas prscipitatum, 35 Calomelas, 18, 45, 99, 222 prscipitatum, 18, 45, 99, 222 sublimatura, 18, 45, 99, 222 Calumba, 254 Calx, 33, 64, 167, 173 chlorinata, 140, 173 recens usta, 173 Cambogia, 43, 92 Camphora, 52, 194, 230 Canna,124 Canella, 254 Cantharis, 143, 164, 174 vesicatoria, 143, 164, 174 Capsicum, 175, 232, 254 annuum, 175, 254 Carbo animalis, 141 purificatus, 141 ligni, 141 Cardamine, 53, 232 Cardamomum, 232, 255 Carota, 81, 143 Carui, 81 Carum, 81 Caryophyllus, 232, 256 Cascarilla, 256 Cassia, 92, 257 Cassias cortex, 257 fistula, 92 pulpa, 92 Castor fiber, 53, 162 Castoreum, 53, 162 Cataplasma aluminis, 63 carbonis ligni, 141 conii, 198 dauci, 169 fermenti, 233 lini, 169 simplex, 169 sinapis, 180 Catechu, 64 Centaurium, 258 Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 137, 158, 184 Cera alba, 167 flava, 167 Ceratum, 167 calamine, 79 cantharidis, 174 cetacei, 168 hydrargyri comp., 22 plumbi acetatis, 71 subacetatis, 72 compositum, 72 resinae, 240 sabinae, 179 saponis, 241 simplex, 168 zinci carb., 79 Cerevisiae fermentum, 233 Cetaceum, 124, 16S Cetraria, 124 islandica, 124 Chenopodium, 43 Chimaphila, 143 Chiretta, 258 Cinchona, 65, 258 cordifolia, 65, 258 coronae, 65, 258 fiava, 65, 258 lancifolia, 65, 258 oblongifolia, 66, 258 rubra, 66, 258 Cinnabaris, 18 Cinnamomum, 233, 261 Cissampelos pareira, 148 Citrus aurantium, 218, 251 limonum, 218 medica, 218 Cnicus benedictus, 258 Cocci, 54 Cocculus, 196, 233 Coccus, 54 cacti, 54 Cochlearia armoracia, 142, 221 officinalis, 144, 233 Colchici cormus, 92, 144,196 radix, 92, 196 304 Colchici semina, 92, 196 Colchicum autumnale, 92, 144, 1 Colocynthis, 43, 96 Confectio amygdalae, 122 amygdalarum, 122 aromatica, 36, 262 aurantii, 251 comp., 251 cassiae, 92 opii, 207 piperis nigri, 279 rosae caninae, 220 gallics, 75 ruts, 86, 165 scammonis, 113 sennae, 114 Conii folia, 197 semen, 197 fructus, 197 Conium, 197 Conserva amygdalarum, 122 aurantii, 251 ross, 75 fructus, 220 Tuts, 165 Contrajerva, 264 Convolvulus jalapa, 45, 100 panduratus, 95 scammonia, 45, 112 Copaiba, 144, 184 Copaifera officinalis, 144 Coptis, 264 Coriandrum, 82 sativum, 82 Cornu, 124 cervina, 124 ustum, 35 Cornus florida, 264 circinata, 264 sericea, 264 Cotula, 264 Creasoton, 176, 233 Creasotum, 176, 233 Creta, 34 prsparata, 34 Crocus, 54 sativus, 54 Croton tiglium, 119 Cubeba, 145, 265 Cubebs, 115,265 Cucumis colocynthis, 96 Cupri acetas, 266 ammoniati solutio, 55 ammonio-sulphas, 54 ammonio-sulphatis liquor, 55 subacetas, 176, 234 prsparatum, 176 sulphas, 266 Cuprum ammoniatum, 54, 266 Curcuma, 234 Cusparia, 248 Cydonia, 125 Cyminum, 82 Cytisus scoparius, 152 Daphne gnidium, 138 mezereon, 138 Datura stramonium, 58, 189 Dauci fructus, 81 radix, 125, 169 Daucus carota, 81, 125, 143, 169 Decoctum aloes, 87 comp., 87 althes, 121 amyli, 123 cetraris, 124 chamsmeli comp., 156, 249 chimaphils, 143 cinchons, 66, 259 cordifolis,66, 259 lancifolis, 66, 259 oblongifolis, 66, 259 cornus floridae, 264 cydonis, 125 dulcamars, 134, 147, 200 geoffroys, 44 glycirrhizs, 48 granati, 44, 68 guaiaci, 135 comp., 135 hsmatoxyli, 68 hordei, 126 comp., 126 lichen, island, 124 malvs comp., 127 mezerei, 138 papaveris, 212 pyrols, 143 quercus, 74 alba, 75 sarsaparills, 29 comp., 29 sarzs, 29 comp., 29 scoparii, 152 comp., 152 senegs, 139, 153, 188 taraxaci, 154 tormentills, 77 ulmi, 31 uvs ursi, 78, 155 veratri, 244 Delphinium staphisagria, 180 Dianthus caryophyllus, 266 Digitalis, 145, 199 folia, 199 semina, 199 Diospyros, 66 Diosma, 134, 147 INDEX. 305 Dolichos pruriens, 45 Dracontium, 55 Drimys aromatica, 283 Dulcamara, 134, 147, 200 Elaterium, 98 Electuarium aromaticum, 262 cassis, 92 catechu, 64 comp., 64 opii, 207 piperis, 279 scammonii, 113 senns, 114 Elemi, 234 Emplastrum adhaerens, 240 adhesivum, 240 ammoniaci, 48, 228 cum hydrarg., 22, 228 et hydrarg., 22, 228 aromaticum, 264 assafoetids, 49 belladonna;, 194 calefaciens, 174 cantharidis, 174 comp., 175 cers, 168 ferri, 270 galbani, 235 cdmp., 235 gummosum, 235 hydrargyri, 22 lithargyri, 73 cum resina, 240 opii, 211 picis, 238 cum cantharide, 174 plumbi, 73 resins, 240 resinosum, 240 roborans, 270 saponis, 241 comp., 241 simplex, 168 thuris, 271 Emulsio Arabica, 120 Enema aloes, 88 anodynum, 208 catharticum, 104, 115 colocynthidis, 96 foetidum, 49 opii, 208 tabaci, 58 terebinthinae, 48, 118 Ergota, 162 Erigeron heterophyllum, 148 Philadelphicum, 148 Erythraea centaurium, 258 Erythronium, 158 Eupatorium perfoliatum, 135 Euphorbia corollata, 158 ipecacuanha, 158 Euphorbium, 158, 177, 181 Extractum aconiti, 192 alcoholicum, 192 aloes, 88 purificatum, 88 anthemidis, 156,249 artemisiae absinthii, 42, 245 belladonnae, 193 alcoholicum, 194 chamsmeli, 156, 249 cinchonae, 259 colchici aceticum, 93 cormi,94, 196 colocynthidis, 96 comp., 96 conii, 198 alcoholicum, 198 digitalis, 146,200 elaterii, 98 gentians, 273 glycyrrhizs, 126 hsmatoxyli, 69 humuli lupuli, 200 hyoscyami, 202 jalaps, 101 juglandis, 102 krameris, 70 lactucs, 203 lupuli, 200 nucis vomics, 236 opii, 208 aquosum, 208 purificatum, 208 papaveris, 212 pareirs, 148 podophylli, 104 quassis, 2S0 quercus, 75 rhei, 107 ruts, 165 sarsaparilla, 30 fluidum, 30 sarzs, 30 fluidum, 30 scammonii, 113 scobis hsmatoxyli comp., 69 spartii scoparii, 152 stramonii, 58, 214 foliorum, 214 seminis, 58, 214 styracis, 189 taraxaci, 154 uva ursi, 78, 155 Fsx sacchari, 112 Farina, 169 lini, 169 Ferri acetas, 268 26* 306 INDEX. Ferri acetatis tinctura, 271 cum alcohol, 272 ammonio-chloridum, 268 carbonas, 267 saccharatum, 268 ferrocyanuretum, 269 filum, 43, 163,266 iodidum, 27, 268 limatura, 43, 163, 266 muriatis liquor, 272 tinctura, 272 oxydum hydratum, 43, 267 nigrum, 268 rubrum, 267 percyanidum, 269 phosphas, 269 potassio-tartras, 269 ramenta, 43, 266 rubigo, 44, 267 sesquioxidum, 267 subcarbonas, 267 sulphas, 66, 270 exsiccatum, 270 sulphuretum, 269 tartarum, 270 Ferrugo, 43, 267 Ferrum, 43, 163, 266 ammoniatum, 268 tartarizatum, 270 Fici, 125 Ficus, 125 Filix mas, 44 Fosniculum, 82 Frasera, 273 Fucus vesiculosus, 32 Galbanum, 55, 163, 184, 235 Galla, 67 Galls, 67 Gambogia, 43, 92 Gaultheria, 235 Gentiana, 273 Geoffroya inermis, 44, 99 Geranium, 68 Geum urbanum, 68 Gillenia trifoliata, 158 Glycyrrhiza, 125 Gossypium, 169 Granati fructus cortex, 68 radix, 44, 68 Granatum, 44, 68 Guaiaci lignum, 16 resina, 16, 99, 135 Guaiacum, 16 Gummi acacis, 120 Hsmatoxylon, 68 Haematoxylum, 68 Hedeoma, 163 Helleborus, 99, 163 Helleborus niger, 99, 163 officinalis, 99 Helonias officinalis, 213 Heuchera, 69 Hirudo medicinalis, 282 Hordeum, 126 Humulus, 200, 275 Hydrargyri acetas, 17 ammonio-chloridum, 17 bichloridum, 17, 222 bicyanidum, 17 biniodidum, 17 binoxydum, 18 bisulphuretum, 18 chloridum, 18, 45, 99, 222 corrosivum, 17, 222 mite, 18, 45, 99, 222 cyanuretum, 17 iodidum, 19 rubrum, 17 murias corrosivum, 17, 222 nitrico-oxydum, 19 oxydum, 20 nigrum, 20 nitricum, 19 rubrum, 18, 19 sulphuricum, 20, 181 persulphas, 20 precipitatum album, 17 submurias ammoniatum, 17 sulphas flavus, 20, 181 sulphuretum cum sulph., 22 nigrum, 22 rubrum, 18 Hydrargyrum, 16, 221 ammoniatum, 17 cum creta, 19, 100 cum magnesia, 19, 100 purificatum, 16 Hyoscyami folia, 201 semina, 202 Hyoscyamus niger, 201 Infusum angusturs, 248 anthemidis, 156, 249 armoracis, 142, 221,229 comp., 142, 221, 229 aurantii, 251 comp., 251 buchu, 134 bucku, 134 calumbs, 254 caryophylli, 232 caryophyllorum, 232 cascarills, 256 catechu, 64 comp., 64 chamsmeli, 156, 249 chiretts, 258 cinchons, 66, 260 INDEX. 307 Infusum cusparis, 248 digitalis, 146, 200 diosms, 134 eupatorii, 135 gentians, 273 comp., 273 humuli, 201,275 krameris, 70 lini, 127 comp., 127 lupuli, 201, 275 menths, 85 comp., 85 pareirs, 149 pruni Virginians, 279 quassis, 280 rhei, 108 ross, 75 acidum, 75 comp., 75 sarsaparills, 30 comp., 30 scoparii, 153 senegs, 140, 153 senns, 115 comp., 115 cum tamarindis, 115 serpentaris, 242 simarubae, 282 tabaci, 58, 154, 160 ulmi, 131 valerians, 59 Inula, 275 Iodinei liquor, comp., 28 Iodini liquor, comp., 28 Iodineum, 25, 164, 184 Iodinium, 25, 164, 184 Iodinum,25, 164,184 Ipecacuanha, 137, 158,184 Ipomsa jalapa, 45, 100 purga, 45, 100 Jalapa, 45, 100 Janipha manihot, 130 Juglans cinerea, 102 Juniperus, 148 cacumina, 148 fructus, 148 sabina, 165, 179 Virginiana, 164 Kino, 69 Krameria, 70 Lacmus, 127 Lactuca sativa, 203 Lactucarium, 203 Lauri baccs, 83 folia, S3 Lauro-cerasus, 203 Laurus camphora, 194 cassia, 257 cinnamomum, 233, 261 nobilis, 83 sassafras, 139 Lavandula, 83, 181 spica, 83 Leontodon taraxacum, 154 Lichen islandicus, 124 Limon,2l8, 275 Limones, 218, 275 Limonum cortex, 276 succus, 275 Lini farina, 169 semina, 127 Linimentum sruginis, 176 ammonis, 172, 227 comp., 172, 228 sesquicarb., 172, 228 anodynum, 211 calcis, 167 camphors, 195, 230 comp., 195, 230 hydrargyri comp., 23 opii, 211 saponis, 241 saponis cum opio, 211 camphoratum, 241 simplex, 168 terebinthins, 180 terebinthinatum, 180 Linum, 127 catharticum, 103 usitatissimum, 127 Liquor sthereus oleosus, 48 sulphuricus, 48, 224 aluminis comp., 63 ammonis, 32, 172, 226 acetatis, 131, 218 fortior, 171,225 sesquicarb., 33, 226 argenti nitratis, 250 arsenicalis, 14, 246 barii chloridi, 15, 252 calcii chloridi, 16, 253 calcis, 33 cupri ammon.-sulph., 266 ferri iodidi, 27, 268 muriatis, 272 hydrargyri bichlor., 20, 222 iodidi comp., 28 iodinei comp., 28 iodini comp., 28 plumbi diacetatis, 71 dilutus, 72 subacetatis, 71 subacetat. comp., 72 potasss, 38, 178, 239 arsenitis, 14, 246 carbonatis, 39, 149 308 INDEX. Liquor potasss effervescens, 39 potassii iodidi comp., 28 sods chlorinats, 141, 243 effervescens, 41 tartarici emetici, 133, 157 Liriodendron, 276 Lithargyrum, 73 Litmus, 127 Lixivus cinis, 38 Lobelia inflata, 56, 159, 204 Lupulus, 200, 275 Lythrum salicaria, 70 Magnesia, 37, 103 Magnesis carbonas, 37, 103 sulphas, 103 purum, 103 Magnolia, 276 Malva sylvestris, 127 Manganesii oxydum, 235 binoxydum, 235 Manna, 104 Maranta, 128 arundinacea, 128 Indica, 128 Marmor, 38 album, 38 Marrubium, 185 Mastiche, 185, 271 Matricaria, 276 Mel, 128 boracis, 63 despumatum, 128 ross, 76 Melaleuca leucadendron, 57 Melissa, 235 Mentha, 84 piperita, 84 pulegium, 84 viridis, 85 Menyanthes, 277 Mezereum, 138, 177, 222 Mistura acacis, 120 althes, 121 ammoniaci, 49, 183 amygdals, 122 amygdalarum, 122 assafcetids, 50 camphors, 52, 195, 231 cum magnesia, 196, 231 cascarills comp., 257 creasoti, 234 crets, 35 ferri aromatica, 269 comp., 269 gentians comp., 274 guaiaci, 136 hordei, 126 moschi, 57 scammonii, 113 Mistura spiritus vini gallici, 225 Momordica elaterium, 98 Monarda, 236 Mora, 219 Morphia, 205 Morphis acetas, 205 hydrochloras, 206 murias, 206 muriatis solutio, 206 Morus nigra, 219 Moschus moschiferus, 56 Moxa, 177 Mucilago acacis, 120 amyli, 123 gummi arabici, 120 .tragacanths, 130 Mucuna, 45 Myristica, 277 Myristics adeps, 236, 277 oleum expressum, 236, 277 Myrospermum, 186 toluiferum, 189 Myroxylon, 185 peruiferum, 185 toluiferum, 189 Myrrha, 186 Nicotiana tabacum, 58, 154, 160, 189, 223 Nitrum, 150, 219 Nux moschata, 277 vomica, 236 Olea Europoea, 128, 170 Oleum sthereum, 48, 224 amygdals, 123, 167 amygdalarum, 123 anethi, 80 anisi, 81 anthemidis, 249 aurantii, 252 bergamii, 253 bergamots, 253 cajuputi, 57,230 camphoratum, 195, 230 cari, 81 carui, 81 caryophylli, 232 cassis, 257 chenopodii, 43 cinnamomi, 262 copaibs, 145 crotonis, 119 cubebs, 145, 265 foeniculi, 82 gaultheris, 235 jecoris aselli, 28 juniperi, 148 lavanduls, 83 limonum, 276 309 Oleum lini, 170 menths piperits, 84 piperitidis, 84 pulegii, 85 viridis, 85 monards, 177, 236 myristics, 277 neroli, 252 olivs, 128, 170 origani, 86, 177, 237 majorans, 86, 177, 237 piments, 278 pulegii, 85 ricini, 111 ross, 220 rorismarini, 164, 240 rosmarini, 164, 240 ruts, 165 sabins, 166, 179 sambuci, 240 sassafras, 139, 242 succini, 59 rectificatum, 59 terebinthins, 45, 118, 180 purificatum, 45, 118 rectificatum, 45, 118 tiglii, 119, 178 Olibanum, 187 Olivs oleum, 128, 170 Opium, 204 Opoponax, 57 Origanum, 86 majorana, 86, 181 vulgare, 86 Os, 35 Ossa, 35 Ovum, 170 Oxymel, 128 colchici, 94, 197 cupri subncetatis, 176 scills, 137, 160, 188 Papaver, 204, 211 rhceas, 213 somniferum, 204, 211 Pareira, 148 Petroleum, 57, 237 barbadense, 57 Phosphorus, 237 Phytolacca, 159 Piluls, aloes, 88 comp., 88 cum myrrha, 89 et assafcetids, 89 et ferri, 89 et myrrhs, 89 assafcetids, 50 calomelanos comp., 21, 222 et opii, 21 cambogis, 89 Piluls cambogis comp., 89 cathartics comp., 98 colocynthidis, 97 comp., 97 et hyoscyami, 97 conii comp., 199 cupri ammoniati, 55,266 digitalis et scills, 147 ■e sty race, 189 ferri carbonatis, 271 comp., 271 sulphatis, 271 galbani comp., 50, 163 gambogis comp., 89 hydrargyri, 21, 100, 221 chloridi comp., 21, 100, 222 mitis, 21, 222 iodidi, 22 ipecacuanhs comp., 137, 185 et opii, 137, 185 opii, 209 plumbi opiats, 72 quins sulphatis, 281 rhei, 108 comp., 108 et ferri, 109, 271 sagapeni comp., 58 saponis comp., 209 cum opio, 209 scills, 151, 188 comp., 151, 188 styracis, 189 comp., 189 thebaics, 209 Pimenta, 277 Piper, 178, 237, 278 Piper cubeba, 145 longum, 278 nigrum, 178, 237, 278 Pistacia lentiscus, 185 Pix abietina, 237 abietis, 178, 237 arida, 238 burgundica, 237 canadensis, 178 liquida, 187, 238 nigra, 238 Plumbi acetas, 71 carbonas, 73 chloridum, 73 diacetatis aqua, 71 solutio, 71 iodidum, 27 nitras, 73 oxydum, 73 hydratum, 74 rubrum, 74 semivitreum, 73 Plumbum, 71 Podophyllum, 104 310 INDEX. Polygala senega, 139, 153, 166 Polygonum bistorta, 74 Porrum, 239 Potassa, 38, 149, 178, 219, 239, 279 caustica, 178 cum calce, 173, 178 sulphuretum, 187 Potasss acetas, 104, 149, 219 aqua, 178, 239 bicarbonas, 28, 149 bisulphas, 105 bitartras, 105, 149, 219 carbonas, 38, 149 e lixivo cinere, 38, 149 e tartari crystallis, 38, 149 impura, 38 impurus, 38 purum, 39, 149 purus, 39, 149 caustics aqua, 38, 178, 239 chloras, 239, 279 et sods tartras, 117 hydriodas, 27 hydras, 178 nitras, 150, 219 purificatum, 150 sulphas, 105 cum sulphure, 106 sulphuretum, 187, 239 tartras, 106 Potassii bromidum, 15, 239 ferrocyanidum, 74, 213 ferrocyanuretum, 74, 213 iodidum, 27 sulphuretum, 239 Potassium, 74 Prinos verticillatus, 279 Pruna, 106 Prunum, 106 Prunus lauro-cerasus, 203 Virginiana, 279 Pterocarpus, 282 Pulveres effervescentes, 39, 220 Pulvis aloes comp., 89 cum canella, 90 aluminis comp., 63 antimonialis, 14, 132 antimonii comp., 14, 132 aromaticus, 262 asari comp., 181 cinnamomi comp., 262 cornu cervini usti, 35 crets.comp., 35 cum opio, 35 opiatus, 35 ipecacuanha comp., 137, 185 et opii, 137, 185 jalaps comp., 102 kino comp., 70 pro cataplasmate, 169 Pulvis rhei comp., 109 salinus comp., 105 scammonii comp., 113, 114 scills, 152, 188 spongis usts, 31 tragacanths comp., 130 Punica granatum, 44, 68 Pyrethrum, 179, 222 Pyrola, 143 Quassia, 279 Quercus, 74 alba, 75 robur, 74 tinctoria, 75 Quina, 281 Quins disulphas, 281 sulphas, 281 Quinia, 281 Quinins sulphas, 2S1 Ranunculus, 179 acris, 179 bulbosus, 179 flammula, 179 Resina, 239 jalaps, 101 scammonis, 103 Rhamnus, 106 Rheum, 107 Rhceas, 213 Ricini oleum, 111 Roccella tinctoria, 127 Rosa canina, 220 centifolia, 111, 128 gallica, 75 Ross fruclus, 220 Rosmarinus, 164, 240 Rubia tinctorum, 76 Rubigo ferri, 44 Rubus, 76 trivialis, 76 villosus, 76 Rumex, 76, 220 acetosa, 220 aquaticus, 76 Ruta, 86, 165, 179 Sabadilla, 213 Sabbatia, 281 Sabina, 165, 179 Sacchari faex, 112 Saccharum, 112, 129 commune, 112, 129 officinarum, 112, 129 purum, 112, 129 Sagapenum, 58, Sago, 129 Sagus rumphii, 129 Salix, 282 INDEX. 311 Salix caprea, 282 fragilis, 282 Sambucus canadensis, 112, 139 nigra, 112,139, 170,282 Sanguinaria canadensis, 159 Santalum, 282 Sapo, 39, 112, 180,240 durus,39, 112, 180 mollis, 40 Sarsaparilla, 29, 129 Sarza, 29, 129 Sassafras, 139 medulla, 129 Scammonium, 45, 112 Scilla, 150, 160,187 Scoparius, 152 Scrophularia nodosa, 242 Senega, 139, 153, 166, 188 Senna, 114 alexandrina, 114 indica, 114 Serpentaria, 242, 282 Sesamum orientale, 129 Serum, 170 Simaruba, 282 Sinapis, 160, 166, 180, 243, 283 Smilax sarsaparilla, 29, 149 Soda, 46, 243 Sods acetas, 117 aqua effervescens, 41 biboras, 63 bicarbonas, 41 boras, 63 carbonas, 40 exsiccata, 40 impura, 40 siccatum, 40 venale, 40 carbonatis aqua, 40 acidula, 41 et potasss tartras, 117 murias, 46, 117, 242 purum, 46, 242 phosphas, 117 phosphatis solutio, 117 potassio-tartras, 117 sesquicarbonas, 41 sulphas, 117 Sodii chloridum, 46, 117, 243 Solanum dulcamara, 134 Solutio argenti ammoniati, 250 nitratis, 250 arsenicalis, 14, 246 baryts muriatis, 15, 252 nitratis, 15 calcis muriatis, 16 cupri ammoniati, 55, 266 morphis muriatis, 206 plumbi diacetatis, 71 sodas phosphatis, 117 I Spartium scoparium, 152 Spigelia, 46 Spirsa, 77 Spiritus stheris nitrici, 142, 153 nitrosus, 142, 153 sulphurici, 47, 224 comp., 47, 224 ammonis, 226 aromaticus, 227 fcetidus, 50, 227 anisi, 81 comp., 81 armoracis comp., 142, 221, 229 camphoratus, 196, 231 carui, 81 cassis, 257 cinnamomi, 263 juniperi comp., 148 lavanduls, 83 comp., 83 menths, 84 piperits, 84 pulegii, 85 viridis, 86 myristics, 277 piments, 278 pulegii, 85 rectificatus, 225 rorismarini, 164 rosmarini, 164 tenuior, 225 vini gallici, 225 Spongia, 31 usta, 31 Stannum, 46 Stanni pulvis, 46 Staphisagria, 180 Statice, 77 Stramonii folia, 58, 188, 214 radix, 188 semina, 58, 188, 214 Stramonium, 58, 188 Strychnia, 243 Styrax, 58,189 benzoin, 51 colatus, 189 purificatus, 189 Sublimatus corrosivus, 17, 222 Succinum, 59 Succus spissatus belladonns, 193 sambuci, 282 conii, 198 hyoscyami, 202 Sulphur, 117, 140,243 antimoniatum fuscum, 13 lotum, 117 sublimatura, 117, 140, 243 Syrupus, 112, 129 aceti, 216 allii, 182 312 INDEX. Syrupus althes, 121 amygdals, 122 aurantii, 252 cort., 252 balsami tolutani, 190 croci, 54 ferri iodidi, 27, 268 ipecacuanhs, 137, 185 limonis, 218 limonum, 218, 276 mori, 219 papaveris, 212 ■ rhasados, 213 rhamni, 106 rhei, 109 aromat., 109 ross, 111 centifolis, 111 gallica, 76 sarsaparills, 31 comp., 31 sarzs, 31 scills, 151, 160, 188 senegs, 188 senns, 116 simplex, 112, 129 tolutanus, 190 viols, 119 zingiberis, 284 Tabacum, 58, 154, 160, 182, 189, 214, 223 Tamarindus indicus, 118, 130, 220 Tanacetum vulgare, 47 Tapioca, 130 Taraxacum, 154 Tartarum emeticum, 13, 132, 157, 172, 183 Terebinthina canadensis, 154 chia, 155 veneta, 244 vulgaris, 155 Terebinthins oleum, 45, 118, 155, 180 purificatum, 45, 118, 155 Testa, 36 Testa prsparata, 36 Tests prsparats, 36 Thus, 187 Tiglii oleum, 119 Tinctura aloes, 90 comp., 90 et myrrha, 90 ammonis comp., 228 angusturs, 249 assafcetids, 51 aurantii, 252 balsami tolutani, 190 benzoes comp., 51, 184 benzoini comp., 51, 184 buchu, 134 Tinctura bucku, 134 calumbs, 254 camphors, 196, 231 comp., 210 cantharidis, 143, 175 capsici, 233, 254 cardamomi, 254 comp., 255 cascarilla;, 257 cassis, 257 castorei, 53, 162 ammoniats, 53, 162 rossici, 53, 162 catechu, 65 cinchons, 261 comp., 261 cinnamomi, 263 comp., 263 colchici, 94, 197 comp., 95, 197 seminis, 94, 197 seminum, 94, 197 conii, 199 croci, 54 cubebs, 145, 265 cusparis, 249 digitalis, 147, 200 acetatis, 271 cum alcohol, 272 ferri ammonio-chlor., 268 chloridi, 67, 272 muriatis, 67, 272 sesquichloridi, 67, 272 galbani, 56, 163 galls, 67 gall arum, 67 gentians comp., 274 guaiaci, 136 ammoniata, 136 comp., 136 hellebori, 99, 163 nigri, 99, 163 .humuli, 201, 275 hyoscyami, 202 iodinei, 26 iodini, 26 iodinii, 26 comp., 26 jalaps, 102 kino, 70 lactucarii, 203 lavanduls comp., 83 lobelis, 56, 159, 204 stherea, 56, 159, 204 lupuli, 201, 275 menths piperits, 84 viridis, 86 moschi, 57 myrrhs, 186 nucis vomicae, 237 INDEX. 313 Tinctura olei menths piperits, 84 opii, 209 acetata, 210 ammoniata, 210 camphorata, 209 composita, 211 quassis, 280 comp., 280 rhei, 109 comp., 109 et aloes, 110 et gentians, 110 et senns, 110 sanguinaris, 160 saponis camphorata, 241 scills, 152 senns comp., 116 et jalaps, 116 serpentaris, 243 tolutana, 190 valerians, 59 ammoniata, 60 comp., 60 zinci acetatis, 78 zingiberis, 284 toluifera balsami, 189 Tolutanum, 189 Tormentilla, 77 Toxicodendron, 244 Tragacantha, 130 Triosteum perfoliatum, 119 Triticum hybernum, 123, 169 vulgare, 123, 169 Trochisci acacis,. 121 acidi tartarici, 217 crets, 36 glycyrrhizs, 125 lactucarii, 203 magnesis, 37 morphis, 206 et ipecacuanhs, 206 opii, 210 sods bicarbonatis, 41 Tussilago farfara, 130 Ulmus campestris, 31, 155, 283 fulva, 131, 170 Unguentum acidi nitrici, 180 sulphurici, ISO sruginis, 177 antimonialis, 172 antimonii, 172 antimonii potass.-tartratis, 172 calamins, 79 cantharidis, 174, 175 infusi cantharidis, 175 cers alhs, 167 flava, 168 cetacei, 168 citrinum, 24 27 Unguentum cocculi, 233 conii, 199 creasoti, 234 cupri subacetatis, 177 elemi, 234 gallarum, 67 galls, 67 comp., 67 et opii, 67 hydrargyri, 24, 222 ammoniata, 23 ammonio-chloridi, 23 biniodini, 23 fortius, 24, 222 iodidi, 24- mitius, 24, 222 nitratis, 24 nitrico oxydi, 25 oxidi rubri, 25 submuriatis ammoniati, 23 infusi cantharidis, 175 iodinei, 26 iodini, 26 comp., 26 iodinii, 26 comp., 26 oxydi hydrargyri, 25 nitrici, 25 picis liquids, 238 nigrs, 238 piperis nigri, 237 plumbis acetatis, 71 carbonatis, 73 comp., 74 iodidi, 27 potasss hydriodatis, 28 precipitati albi, 23 resina albs, 240 resinosum, 240 sabins, 179 sambuci, 170 scrophularis, 242 simplex, 167 sulphuris, 244 comp., 244 tartari emetici, 172 veratri, 245 zinci, 79 oxidi, 79 oxvdi, 79 Uva, 131, 221 ursi, 77, 155 Uvs passs, 131 j 221 Valeriana, 59 Veratria, 182, 215, 244 Veratrum, 119, 182 album, 119, 160,244 sabadilla, 213 Verbascum thapsus, 170 314 Vinum album, 245 aloes, 91 antimonii, 132,157 antimoniale, 132, 157 antimonio potass-tart., 132, 157 colchici, 95, 197 radicis, 95, 197 gentians, 275 hispanicum, 245 ipecacuanhs, 138, 159, 185 opii, 210 rhei, 110 tabaci, 214 veratri, 119, 161, 215 albi, 119, 161,215 xericum, 245 Viola, 119 Vitis vinifera, 131, 221 Wintera, 283 Xanthoxylum fraxineum, 140, 245 Xanthorrhiza, 283 Zinci carbonas impurum, 78 prsparatum, 78 oxidum, 60, 78 sulphas, 60, 79, 161, 284 Zincum, 78 oxidi, 79, 283 Zingiber, 223, 284 INDEX II. ENGLISH AND COMMON NAMES. Absorbents, 32 Acetate of ammonia, solution of, 131, 218 copper, crystals of, 266 iron, 268 lead, 71 mercury, 17 morphia, 205 potassa, 104, 149, 219 soda, 117 Acetated tincture of opium, 210 Acetic acid, 61, 171, 216 camphorated, 230 extract of colchicum, 93 Acid acetic, 61, 171, 216 aromatic sulphuric, 247 arsenious, 14, 246 benzoic, 51, 183 camphorated acetic, 230 citric, 216 diluted muriatic, 42, 216, 246 nitric, 216, 247 phosphoric, 247 sulphuric, 61, 247 hydrochloric, 141, 246 hydrocyanic, 191 diluted, 191 muriatic, 141,246 nitric, 246 nitro-muriatic, 247 prussic, 191 pyroligneous, 61 succinic, 59 sulphuric, 61, 217, 247 aromatic, 247 diluted, 61,247 pure, 247 tannic, 62 tartaric, 217 Aconite, 192 Adhesive plaster, 240 Alcohol, 193, 234 diluted, 225 Alcoholic extract of aconite, 192 belladonna, 194 hemlock, 198 Alder, black, 279 Allspice, 277 Almond confection, 122 emulsion, 122 mixture, 122 Almonds bitter, 121 sweet, 122 Aloes, 42, 87, 161 Barbadoes, 87 hepatic, 87 Indian, 87 sdcotrine, 87 Aloetic pills, 88 Alteratives, 13 Alum, 62 burnt, 62, 171 cataplasm, 63 dried, 62, 171 root, 69 Amber, 59 American centaury, 281 columbo, 273 ipecacuanha, 158 Ammonia, 32, 131, 171, 218 bicarbonate of, 32 carbonate of, 33, 131, 156, 226 hydrochlorate of, 171 hydrosulphuret of, 156 muriate of, 171 oxalate of, 226 sesquicarbonate of, 33, 131, 156 226 solution of, 33, 226 spirit of, 226 stronger solution of, 171 water of, 131,218 316 Ammoniac, 48, 182, 228 mixture, 49, 183 plaster, 48, 228 Ammoniated alcohol, 226 Ammoniated copper, 54, 266 solution of, 55, 266 iron, 268 mercury, 17 tincture of castor, 53, 162 guaiac, 136 opium, 210 valerian, 60 Ammonio-chloride of iron, 268 tincture of, 268 Angelica, 248 Angelica tree bark, 133 Angustura, 248 Animal charcoal, 141 purified, 141 Anise, 80 Anodyne liniment, 211 Anodynes, 191 Antacids, 32 Anthelmintics, 42 Antimonial powder, 14, 132 ointment, 172 wine, 132, 157 Antimony, nitro muriatic oxide of, 133, 157 oxide of, 133, 15V oxychloride of, 14 oxysulphuret of, 13 precipitated sulphuret of, 13 prepared sulphuret of, 133 sulphuret of, 133 tartarized, 13, 132, 157, 172, 183 Antispasmodics, 47 Apothecaries' measure, 285 weight, 285 Arnica, 229 Aromatic acetic acid, 230 confection, 36, 262 mixture of iron, 269 plaster, 264 powder, 262 spirit'of ammonia, 237 sulphuric acid, 247 syrup of rhubarb, 109 Arrow root, 128 Arsenic, 14, 246 Arsenical solution, 14, 246 Arsenious acid, 14, 246 Arsenite of potash, solution of, 14,246 Asarabacca, 157, 181 Asclepias, flesh-coloured, 157 Assafcetida, 49, 161, 183 mixture, 50 pills, 50 plaster, 49 Astringents, 61 Avens, purple, 68 Balm, 235 Balsam, Canada, 154 of copaiba, 144, 184 of Peru, 185 ofTolu, lh9 Barbadoes Aloes, 87 Barium, chloride of, 14, 252 Bark, Peruvian, 65 red, 65 yellow, 65 Barley, 126 water, 126 Baryta, 15 carbonate of, 15 muriate of, 14, 252 nitrate of, 15 sulphate of, 15 Barytic water, 15, 252 Basilicon ointment, 240 Bay tree, berries and leaves, 83 Bead tree, 43 Belladonna, 193 Benzoic acid, 51, 183 Benzoin, 51, 183 Biborate of soda, 63 Bicarbonate of ammonia, 32 potassa, 28, 149 soda, 41 Bichloride of mercury, 17, 222 Bicyanide of mercury, 17 Bicyanuret of mercury, 17 Biniodide of mercury, 17 Binoxide of mercury, 18 Bismuth, 253 protoxide of, 253 subnitrate of, 253 white oxide of, 253 Bistort root, 74 Bisulphate of potassa, 105 Bisulphuret of mercury, 18 Bitartrate of potassa, 105, 149, 219 Bitter almonds, 121 cucumber, 43, 96 Bittersweet, 134, 147, 200 Black alder, 279 hellebore, 99, 163 mustard seed, 160,166, 180 oxide of mercury, 20 pepper, 178, 237, 278 pitch, 238 sulphuret of mercury, 22 Blackberry root, 76 Black oak bark, 75 Blazing star, 248 Blessed thistle, 258 Blistering plaster, 174 Blood root, 159 Blue pills, 21, 100, 221 INDEX. 317 Blue vitriol, 266 Bogbean, 277 Bone, 35 black, 141 Boneset, 135 Borate of soda, 63 Borax, 63 Brandy, 225 British vinegar, 61 Bromide of potassium, 15, 239 Bromine, 15 Broom, 152 Brown sugar, 112, 129 Buchu, 134, 147 Buckbean, 277 Buckthorn, 106 Burdock, 133 Burgundy pitch, 237 Burnt alum, 62, 171 bones, 35 sponge, 31 Buttercup, 179 Butterfly weed, 134 Butternut, 102 Cabbage tree bark, 44, 99 Cajeput oil, 57, 230 Calamine, 78 prepared, 78 Calamus, 253 Calcined magnesia, 37, 103 Calomel, 18,45, 99,222 pills, 21, 222 compound,21, 222 precipitated, 18, 45, 99, 222 sublimated, 18, 45, 99, 222 Camphor, 52, 194, 230 liniment, 195, 230 compound, 195, 230 water, 52, 195,231 Camphorated acetic acid, 230 soap liniment, 241 tincture of opium, 209 of soap, 241 " Canada balsam, 154 pitch, 178 turpentine, 154 Canella, 254 Cantharides, 143, 164, 174 Caraway, 81 water, 81 Carbonate of ammonia, 33, 131, 1 226 baryta, 15 iron, pills of, 271 precipitated, 267 lead, 73 lime, 34 precipitated, 34 magnesia, 37, 103 Carbonate of potassa, 38, 149 impure, 38 pure, 39, 149 solution of, 39, 149 soda, 40 dried, 40 zinc, 78 Cardamom, 232, 255 Carminatives, SO Carrot, 81, 125, 143, 169 cataplasm, 169 root, 125, 169 seeds, 81 Cascarilla, 256 Cassia bark, 257 purging, 92 Castor, 53, 162 Catechu, 64 Cathartics, 87 Caustic potassa, 178 Caustics, 171 Cayenne pepper, 175, 232, 255 Cedar, red, 164 Centaury, American, 281 European, 258 Cerate of calamine, 79 carbonate of zinc, 79 Spanish flies, 174 subacetate of lead, 72 Chalk, 34 mixture, 35 prepared, 34 Chamomile, 156, 249 German, 276 Charcoal, 141 animal, 141 cataplasm, 141 Cherry laurel, 203 water, 204 wild, 279 Chian turpentine, 155 Chirayta, 258 Chlorate of potassa, 239, 279 Chloride of barium, 14, 252 solution of, 15, 252 calcium, 16, 253 solution of, 16, 253 iron, tincture of, 268 lead, 73 lime, 16 soda, solution of, 141, 243 i, sodium, 46, 117, 243 Chlorinated lime, 140, 173 Chlorinated soda, solution of, 141, 243 Chlorine water, 176 Cinnamon,233, 261 water, 262 Citric acid, 216 Citrine ointment, 24 Clarified honey, 128 318 INDEX. Clove pink, flowers of, 266 Cloves, 232, 256 Clyster, cathartic, 104, 115 of aloes, 88 anodyne, 208 of colocynth, 96 fetid, 49 of opium, 208 of tobacco, 58 of turpentine, 45, 118 Cocculus indicus, 196, 233 Cochineal, 54 Cod liver oil, 28 Colchicum, 92,144, 196 root, 92, 144, 196 seed, 92, 144, 196 Colocynth, 43, 96 Colophony, 239 Coltsfoot, 130 Columbo, 254 American, 273 Compound calomel pills, 21, 222 camphor liniment, 195, 230 cathartic pills, 98 cerate of mercury, 22 decoction of aloes, 87 barley, 126 broom, 152 guaiacum, 135 mallows, 121 sarsaparilla, 29 extract of colocynth, 96 galbanum plaster, 235 infusion of catechu, 64 gentian, 273 mint, 85 orange peel, 251 Peruvian bark, 260 roses, 75 lime water, 135 liniment of ammonia, 172, 228 mercury, 23 mixture of cascarilla, 257 gentian, 274 iron, 269 ointment of galls, 67 iodine, 26 of lead, 74 pills of aloes, 88 chloride of mercury, 21, 100, 222 colocynth, 97 galbanum, 50, 163 gamboge, 89 hemlock, 199 ipecacuanha, 137, 185 iron, 271 rhubarb, 108 sagapenum, 58 soap, 209 Compound pills of squill, 151, 183 storax, 1S9 Compound plaster of Spanish flies, 175 powder of aloes, 89 alum, 63 antimony, 14, 132 asarabacca, 181 chalk, 35 chalk with opium, 35 jalap, 102 kino, 70 rhubarb, 109 scammony, 113, 114 tragacanth, 130 saline powder, 105 soap plaster, 241 solution of alum, 63 iodine, 28 spirit of aniseed, 81 horseradish, 142, 221, 229 juniper, 148 lavender, 83 sulphuric ether, 47, 224 Bulphur ointment, 244 syrup of sarsaparilla, 31 tincture of ammonia, 228 benzoin, 51, 184 cardamom, 256 cinnamon, 263 colchicum, 95, 197 gentian, 274 iodine, 26 Peruvian bark, 261 of quassia, 280 rhubarb, 109 senna, 116 Concrete oil of nutmeg, 277 Confection aromatic, 36 black pepper, 279 cassia, 92 dog rose, 220 opium, 207 orange peel, 251 roses, 75 rue, 86, 165 scammony, 113 senna, 114 Conserve of roses, 75 Contrayerva, 264 Copaiba, 144, 184 Copper, subacetate of, 176, 234 sulphate of, 266 Coriander, 82 Corn poppy, 213 Corrosive chloride of mercury, 17, 222 sublimate, 17, 222 Cotton, 169 Cowhage, 45 Crane's bill, 68 Cream of Tartar, 105, 149, 219 INDEX. 319 Creasote, 176, 233 mixture, 234 Croton oil, 119 Crowfoot, 179 Crystals of acetate of copper, 266 Cubebs, 145, 265 Cuckoo-flower, 53, 232 Cudbear, 127 Cummin seed, 82 Cusparia, 248 Cyanuret of iron, 269 mercury, 17 potassium, 74, 213 Bilver, 250 Distilled water, 123 Diuretics, 142 Dogrose, 220 Dogsbane, 157 Dogwood, 264 round leaved, 264 swamp, 264 tree, 264 Dover's powder, 137, 185 Dried alum, 62, 171 carbonate of soda, 40 sulphate of iron, 270 Effervescing powders, 39, 220 solution of potassa, 39 soda, 41 Egg,170 Elaterium, 98 Elder flowers, 112, 139, 170 juice of, 282 ointment, 170 water, 139 Elecampane, 275 Electuary, aromatic, 262 of cassia, 92 catechu, 64 compound, 64 opium,-207 pepper, 279 scammony, 113 senna, 114 Elemi, 234 Elixir of vitriol, 247 Elm bark, 31, 155, 2S3 slippery, 131, 170 Emetic, tartar, 13, 132, 157, 172,183 Emetics, 156 Emmenagogues, 161 Emollients, 166 Epispastics, 171 Epsom salts, 103 Ergot, 162 Errhines, 181 Escharotics, 171 Ether, nitric, 142 sulphuric, 47, 192,217,223 Ethereal oil, 48, 224 tincture of lobelia, 56, 159, 204 Ethiops mineral, 22 Euphorbium, 158, 177, 181 Expectorants, 182 Extract of aconite, 192 alcoholic, 192 aloes, purified, 88 belladonna, 193 alcoholic, 193 broom tops, 152 butternut, 102 chamomile, 156, 249 colchicum, acetic, 93 Dandelion, 154 Deadly nightshade, 193 Decoction of aloes, compound, 87 barley, 126 compound, 126 bittersweet, 134, 147, 200 broom, compound, 152 cabbage-tree bark, 44 chamomile, 156, 249 dandelion, 154 elm bark, 31 guaiacum, compound, 135 iceland moss, 124 liquorice root, 48 logwood, 68 mallows, compound, 121 mezereon, 138 oak bark, 74 Peruvian bark, 66, 259 pipsissewa, 143 pomegranate, 44, 68 poppy, 212 quince seeds, 125 Barsaparilla, 29 compound, 29 seneka, 139, 153, 188 tormentil, 77 uva ursi, 78, 155 white hellebore, 244 white oak, 75 winter green, 143 Demulcents, 120 Deobstruents, 13 Dewberry root, 76 Diachylon, 73 Diaphoretics, 131 Dill seeds, 80. water, 80 Diluted muriatic acid, 42, 216, 246 phosphoric acid, 247 solution of subacetate of lead, 72 sulphuric acid, 61, 247 Disinfectants, 140 Displacement, method of, 285 Distilled vinegar, 61 320 Extract of colchicum root, 94, 196 colocynth, 96 compound, 96 dandelion, 154 foxglove, 146, 200 gentian, 273 hemlock, 198 alcoholic, 198 henbane, 202 hops, 200, 275 jalap, 101 lettuce, 203 logwood, 69 may apple, 104 nux vomica, 236 oak bark, 75 opium, 208 pareira brava, 148 Peruvian bark, 259 poppy, 212 quassia, 280 rhubarb, 107 rue, 165 sarsaparilla, 30 scammony, 113 stramonium leaves, 214 seed, 58, 214 uva ursi, 78, 155 wormwood, 42, 245 Fennel seed, 82 water, 82 Fern, male, 44 Ferrocyanate of potassa, 74, 213 Ferrocyanide of potassium, 74, 213 Ferrocyanuret of iron, 269 potassium, 74, 213 Foetid clyster, 49 spirit of ammonia, 50, 227 Fever root, 119 Figs, 125 Figwort, 242 Flax, 127 purging, 103 Flaxseed, 127 cataplasm, 169 meal, 169 oil, 170 Fleabane, Philadelphia, 148 various leaved, 148 Flesh-coloured asclepias, 157 Flies, Spanish, 143, 164, 174 Flour, 169 Fluid extract of sarsaparilla, 30 Fowler's solution, 14, 246 Foxglove, 145, 199 French vinegar, 61 Galbanum, 55, 163, 184, 235 plaster, 235 compound, 235 Galls, 67 Gamboge, 43, 92 Garden angelica, 248 carrot, 125, 169 Garlic, 171, 182, 225 Gentian, 273 Ginger, 223, 283 wild, 250 Glauber's salts, 117 Golden sulphuret of antimony, 13 Goldthread, 264 Goulard's cerate, 72 extract, 71 Green vitriol, Guaiac, 16, 99, 135 mixture, 136 Guaiacum wood, 16 Gum Arabic, 120 emulsion, 120 mixture, 120 plaster, 235 Senegal, 120 Hardhack, 77 Hartshorn, 124 Heavy oil of wine, 48, 224 Hellebore, American, 163 black, 99, 163 white, 119, 160,244 Hemlock, 197 cataplasm,- 198 leaves, 197 pitch, 178 seed, 197 Hemp, Indian, 91 Henbane leaves, 201 Hepatic aloes, 87 Hoffman's anodyne liquor, 47, 224 Honey,128 clarified, 128 of borax, 63 of roses, 76 prepared, 128 Hops, 200, 275 Horehound, 185 Horse balm, 235 mint, 236 radish, 142, 221, 229 Hundred leaved rose, 111, 128 Hydrate of lime, 173 potassa, 178 Hydrated oxide of iron, 43, 267 Hydriodate of potassa, 27 Hydrochlorate of ammonia, 171 lime, 16 morphia, 206 Hydrochloric acid, 246 Hydrocyanic acid, 191 Hydrosulphuret of ammonia, 156 INDEX. 321 Iceland moss, 124 Impure carbonate of potassa, 38 soda,40 oxide of zinc, 78 potassa, 38 India senna, '114 Indian hemp, 91 physic, 158 poke,159 tobacco, 56, 159, 204 Infusion of angustura bark, 248 broom, 153 buchu, 134 cascarilla, 256 catechu, compound, 64 chamomile, 156, 249 chiretta, 258 cloves, 232 columbo, 254 flaxseed, 127 foxglove, 146,200 gentian, compound, 273 hops, 201,275 horseradish, 142, 221, 229 mint, 85 compound, 85 orange peel, compound, 251 pareira brava, 149 Peruvian bark, 260 pinkroot, 46 quassia, 280 rhubarb, 108 roses, compound, 75 sarsaparilla, 30 Beneka, 140, 143 senna, 115 senna with tamarinds, 115 simaruba, 282 slippery elm, 131 thoroughwort, 135 tobacco, 58, 154, 160 valerian, 59 Virginia snake-root, 242 wild cherry bark, 279 Inspissated juice of elder, 282 Iodide of iron, 27 solution of, 27 syrup of, 27 lead, 27 mercury, 19 potassium, 27 Iodine, 25, 164, 184 compound solution of, 28 tincture, 26 Ipecacuanha, 137, 158, 184 American, 158 spurge. 158 Iron, 43, 163, 266 acetate of, 268 ammoniated, 268 Iron, ammonio-chloride, 268 and potassa, tartrate of, 270 black oxide of, 268 dried sulphate of, 270 ferrocyanuret of, 269 filings, 43, 163, 266 hydrated oxide of, 43, 267 iodide of, 27, 268 phosphate of, 269 plaster, 270 precipitated carbonate of, 267 red oxide of, 268 rust of, 44, 267 saccharine carbonate of, 268 sesquioxide of, 267 subcarbonate of, 267 sulphate of, 66, 270 sulphuret of, 269 tartarized, 270 Ivory black, 141 Jalap, 45, 100 Jamaica pepper, 277 Jamestown weed, 58, 189 Juniper, 148 Kermes mineral, 13 Kino, 69 Lactucarium, 203 Lard, 166 Laudanum, 209 Laurel, 83 Lavender, 83, 181 water, 83 Lead, 71 acetate of, 71 carbonate of, 73 chloride of, 73 diacetate, water of, 71 hydrated oxide of, 74 iodide of, 27 nitrate of, 73 plaster, 73 red oxide of, 74 semivitrified oxide of, 73 sugar of, 71 white, 71 water, 71 Leech, medicinal, 282 Lemon peel, 276 juice, 275 Lemons, 218, 275 Leopard's bane, 229 Lettuce, 203 wild, 203 Lignum vits, 16 Lime, 33, 64, 167, 173 water, 33 compound, 135 322 INDEX. Liniment, anodyne, 211 camphorated, 195, 230 of ammonia, 172, 227 compound, 172, 22S lime, 167 mercury, compound, 23 opium, 211 sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 172, 228 turpentine, 180 simple, 168 volatile, 172, 227 Linseed, 127 meal, 169 oil, 170 Liquorice, 125 root, 125 Litharge, 73 plaster, 73 Litmus, 127 Logwood, 68 Lunar caustic, 173, 250 Mace, 277 Madder, 76 Magnesia, 37, 103 calcined, 37, 103 carbonate of, 37, 103 sulphate of, 103 Magnolia, 276 Male fern, 44 Mallow, 121 Manna, 104 Marble, 38 Marjoram, common, 86 sweet, 86, 181 Marsh rosemary, 77 trefoil, 277 Mastich, 185 May apple, 104 weed, 264 Meadow saffron, 92, 144, 196 Measures and weights, 285 Mercurial ointment, 24, 222 pills, 21, 100, 222 plaster, 22 Mercury, 16, 221 acetate of, 17 ammoniated, 17 bichloride of, 17, 222 bicyanide of, 17 biniodide of, 17 binoxide of, 18 bisulphure*t of, 18 black oxide of, 20 black sulphuret of, 22 corrosive chloride of, 17, 222 cyanuret of, 17 iodide of, 19 mild chloride of, 18, 45, 99, 222 Mercury, persulphate of, 20 purified, 16 red oxide of, IS, 19 red sulphuret of, 18 with chalk, 19, 100 magnesia, 19, 100 yellow sulphate of, 20 Mezereon, 138, 177,222 Mild chloride of mercury, 18, 45, 99, 222 mercurial ointment, 24, 222 Milk weed, 15S Mindererus, spirit of, 131, 218 Mineral, ethiops, 22 Kermes, 13 tar, 57, 237 turpeth, 20, 181 Mint, 84 Mixture, almond, 122 ammoniac, 49, 183 assafcetida, 50 brandy, 225 chalk, 35 guaiac, 136 gum arabic, 120 musk, 57 camphor with magnesia, 196, 231 cascarilla, compound, 257 gentian, compound, 274 iron, aromatic, 269 compound, 269 scammony, 113 Molasses, 112 Monkshood, 191 Morphia, 205 acetate of, 205 hydrochlorate of, 206 muriate of, 206 Moxa, 177 Mucilage of gum arabic, 120 starch, 123 sassafras, 129 tragacanth, 130 Mulberries, 219 Muriate of ammonia, 171 baryta, 14, 252 solution of, 14, 252 iron, tincture of, 268 lime, 16, 253 solution of, 16, 253 morphia, 206 soda, 46, 117, 242 Muriatic acid, 246 diluted, 42, 216, 246 Musk, 56 mixture, 57 Mustard, 160, 166, 180, 243 cataplasm, 180 Mustard seed, 160, 166, 180, 243, 283 Myrrh, 186 323 Narcotics, 191 Nauseants, 182 Neroli, 252 Nightshade, deadly, 193 woody, 134, 147, 200 Nitrate of baryta, 15 lead, 73 potassa, 150,219 silver, 173,250 Nitre, 150,219 sweet spirit of, 142, 153 Nitric acid, 246 diluted, 216, 247 Nitric ether, 142 Nitromuriatic acid, 247 Nutmeg, 277 Oak bark, 74 Oat meal, 124 Oil, cajeput, 57, 230 castor, 111 cod liver, 28 croton, 119 ethereal, 48, 224 flaxseed,170 of almonds, 123, 167 amber, 59 rectified, 59 anise, 81 bergamot, 253 camphor, 195, 230 caraway, SI cassia, 257 chamomile, 249 cinnamon, 262 cloves, 232 copaiba, 145 cubebs, 145, 265 dill, 80 elder flowers, 240 fennel, 82 horsemint, 177, 236 juniper, 148 lavender, 83 lemons, 276 marjoram, 86, 178,237 nutmeg, 277 origanum, 86, 177, 237 pennyroyal, 85 peppermint, 84 pimento, 278 rosemary, 164,240 roses, 220 rue, 165 sassafras, 139, 242 savine, 166, 179 spearmint, 85 sweet marjoram, 86, 17S, 237 turpentine, 45, 118, 180 purified, 45, 118 Oil of vitriol, 61, 217, 247 wine, 48, 224 wormseed, 43 olive, 128, 170 Ointment, antimonial, 172 citrine, 24 compound sulphur, 244 elder, 170 mercurial, mild, 24, 222 strong, 24, 222 of acetate of lead, 71 ammoniated mercury, 23 biniodide of mercury, 23 black pepper, 237 black pitch, 238 carbonate of lead, 73 cocculus indicus, 233 creasote, 234 elemi, 234 figwort, 242 galls, 67 compound, 67 hemlock, 199 hydriodate of potassa, 28 iodide of lead, 27 mercury, 24 iodine, 26 lead, compound, 74 nitrate of mercury, 24 nitric acid, 180 oxide of zinc, 79 red oxide of mercury, 25 Spanish flies, 174, 175 subacetate of copper, 177 sulphuric acid, 180 white hellebore, 245 white precipitate, 23 simple, 167 spermaceti, 168 sulphur, 244 tar, 238 tartar emetic, 172 Olibanum, 187 Olive oil, 170 Onion, 225 Opiate pills of lead, 72 Opium, 204 •• plaster, 211 Opodeldoc, 241 Opoponax, 57 Orange flower water, 251 peel, 218, 251 Oranges, 218, 251 Oxalate of ammonia, 226 Oxide of antimony, 133, 157 zinc, 79, 283 Oxychloride of antimony, 133, 157 Oxymel, 128 of colchicum, 94, 197 squill, 137, 160, 188 324 INDEX. Oxymel of subacetate of copper, Oxymuriate of lime, 140, 173 Oxysulphuret of antimony, 13 Oyster shell, 36 prepared, 36 Pale bark, 65 Paregoric elixir, 209 Pareira brava, 148 Partridge berry, 235 Peach leaves, 192 Pearl barley, 126 Pearlash, 38 Pellitory, 179, 222 Pennyroyal, 163 European, 84 water, 85 Pepper, black, 178, 237, 278 Cayenne, 175,232 long, 278 Peppermint, 84 water, 84 Percolation, 285" Persimmon, 66 Persulphate of mercury, 20 Peruvian bark, 258 Petroleum, 57, 237 Barbadoes, 57, 237 Philadelphia fleabane, 148 Phosphate of iron, 269 of soda,117 Phosphoric acid, diluted, 247 Phosphorus, 237 Pills, aloetic, 88 assafcetida, 50 blue, 21, 100,211 calomel, 21, 222 carbonate of iron, 271 compound calomel, 21, 100, 222 cathartic, 98 mercurial, 21, 100, 221 of aloes and assafcetida, 89 iron, 89 myrrh, 89 compound, 88 ammoniated copper, 55, 266 calomel and opitmi, 21 carbonate of iron, 271 chloride of mercury, comp., 21, 100, 222 colocynth and henbane, 97 compound, 97 digitalis and squills, 147 galbanum, compound, 50, 163 gamboge, compound, 89 hemlock, compound, 199 iodide of mercury, 22 ipecacuanha and opium, 137,185 compound,137, 185 iron, compound, 271 Pills of lead, opiate, 72 mild chloride ofmercury,21,222 opium, 209 rhubarb, 108 and iron, 109, 271 compound, 108 sagapenum, compound, 58 soap, compound, 209 squill, compound, 151, 188 storax, compound, 189 sulphate of iron, 271 quinia, 281 Pimento, 277 water, 278 Pink, Carolina, 46 clove, 266 root, 46 Pipsissewa, 143 Pitch, 178, 237 black, 238 Burgundy, 237 Canada, 178 Pitch plaster, 238 Plaster, adhesive, 240 aromatic, 264 blistering, 174 of ammoniac with mercury, 22,228 belladonna, 194 carbonate of lead, 73 iron, 271 pitch with Spanish flies, 174 strengthening, 270 warming, 174 Pleurisy root, 134 Poke root, 159 Pomegranate rind, 44, 68 root, 44, 68 Poppy, 204, 211 capsules of, 211 red, 213 white, 204, 211 heads, 211 Potash, 38, 149, 178, 219, 239 Potassa, 38, 149, 178, 219, 239 acetate of, 104, 149, 219 bicarbonate of, 28, 149 bisulphatc of, 105 carbonate of, 38, 149 caustic, 38, 178, 239 chlorate of, 239 effervescing solution of, 39 ferrocyanate of, 74, 213 hydrate of, 178 hydriodate of, 27 impure carbonate of, 38 nitrate of, 150, 219 pure carbonate of, 39, 149 solution of, 178, 239 sulphate of, 105 sulphuret of, 187, 239 Potassa, tartrate of, 106 with lime, 173, 178 Potassium, bromide of, 15, 239 cyanuret of, 74, 213 ferrocyanuret of, 74, 213 iodide of, 27 sulphuret of, 239 Powder, antimonial, 14, 132 aromatic, 90 compound saline, 105 Dover's, 137, 185 of Algaroth, 133, 157 aloes and canella, 90 compound, 89 alum, compound, 63 asarabacca, compound, 181 chalk, compound, 35 chalk with opium, 35 ipecacuanha and opium, 137,185 jalap, compound, 102 kino, compound, 70 rhubarb, compound, 109 scammony, compound, 113, 114 tin, 46 tragacanth, compound, 130 Powders, effervescing, 39, 220 soda, 39, 220 Precipitated calomel, 18, 45, 99, 222 carbonate of iron, 267 carbonate of lime, 34, 267 phosphate of lime, 35 sulphuret of antimony, 13 Prepared calamine, 78 carbonate of zinc, 78 chalk, 24 honey,128 oyster shell, 36 subacetate of copper, 176 Bulphuret of antimony, 133 Prickly ash, 140, 245 Pride of India, 43 Protoiodide of mercury, 17 Prunes, 106 Prussian blue, 269 Prussiate of mercury, 17 Prussic acid, 191 Puccoon, 159 Pulp of purging cassia, 92 Pure carbonate of potassa, 39, 149 Purgatives, 87 Purging cassia, 92 flax, 103 Purified animc' charcoal, 141 extract ol loes, 88 mercury, 16 oil of turpentine, 45, 118 Purple avens, 68 willow herb, 70 Quassia, 279 28 Quicklime, 173 Quicksilver, 16, 221 Quinia, 281 Quince seeds, 125 Quinia, 281 sulphate of, 281 Raisins, 131,221 Rectified oil of amber, 59 spirit, 225 Red bark, 65 cedar, 164 lead, 74 oxide of iron, 268 of mercury, 18, 19 pepper, 175, 232 poppy,213 precipitate, 18, 19 roses, 75 saunders, 282 Refrigerants, 215 Resin, 239 cerate, 240 jalap, 101 plaster, 240 scammony, 103 Rhatany, 70 Rhubarb, 107 Rochelle salt, 117 Rose, dog, 220 hundred leaved, 111, 128 red, 75 Rosemary, 164,240 Round leaved dogwood, 264 Rubefacients, 171 , Rue, 86, 165, 179 Rust of iron, 44, 267 Sabadilla, 213 Saccharine carbonate of iron, 268 Saffron, 54 Sagapenum, 58 Sago, 129 Salt, common, 46, 117, 242 Saltpetre, 150, 219 Sarsaparilla, 29, 129 Sarza, 29, 129 Sassafras pith, 129 root, bark of, 139 Saunders, red, 282 Savine, 165, 179 cerate, 179 Scammony, 45, 112 mixture, 113 Scurvy grass, 144, 233 Semivitrified oxide of lead, 73 Senega, 139, 153, 166, 188 Senna, 114 Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 33, 156, 226 326 Sesquicarbonate of soda, 41 Sesquioxide of iron, 267 Sialagogues, 221 Silver, cyanide of, 250 cyanuret of, 250 Simaruba, 282 Simple cataplasm, 169 cerate, 168 liniment, 168 ointment, 167 syrup, 112, 129 Sinapisms, 171 Skunk cabbage, 55 Slippery elm bark, 131, 170 Snakeroot, black, 153 seneka, 139,153, 166, 188 Virginia, 242, 282 Soap, 39, 112, 180, 240 cerate, 241 liniment, 241 camphorated, 241 plaster, 241 compound, 241 soft, 40 Socotrine aloes, 87 Soda, acetate of, 117 biborate of, 63 bicarbonate of, 41 borate of, 63 carbonate of, 40 impure, 40 muriate of, 46, 117, 242 phosphate of, 117 sesquicarbonate of, 41 sulphate of, 117 Sodium, chloride of, 46, 117, 243 Soft soap, 40 Solution of acetate of ammonia, 131, 218 ammonia, 131,218 ammoniated copper, 55, 266 arsenite of potassa, 14, 246 bichloride of mercury, 20, 222 carbonate of ammonia, 33, 226 potassa, 39, 149 chloride of barium, 15, 252 calcium, 16 soda, 141,243 chlorinated soda, 141, 243 iodine, compound, 28 muriate of baryta, 15, 252 lime, 16 morphia, 206 baryta, 15 nitrate of silver, 250 potassa, 178, 239 sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 33, 226 subacetate of lead, 71 diluted, 72 Spanish broom, 152 flies, 143, 164, 174 Spearmint, 84 water, 85 Spermaceti, 124,168 cerate, 168 ointment, 168 Spiced syrup of rhubarb, 109 Spikenard, American, 133 Spirit of ammonia, 226 aromatic, 227 fetid, 50, 227 aniseed, 81 compound, 81 caraway, 81 cassia, 257 cinnamon, 263 hartshorn, 227 horseradish, compound, 142,221, 229 juniper, compound, 148 lavender, 83 compound, 83 mindererus, 131, 218 nitric ether, 142, 153 nutmeg, 277 pennyroyal, 85 peppermint, 84 pimento, 278 rosemary, 164 spearmint, 86 sulphuric ether, 47, 224 turpentine, 45, 118 Sponge, 31 burnt, 31 Spurge, ipecacuanha, 158 Spurred rye, 162 Squirting cucumber, 98 Starch, 123 Stavesacre, 180 Sternutatories, 181 Stimulants, 223 Storax, 58, 189 purified, 189 Strengthening plaster, 270 Strong mercurial ointment, 24, 222 solution of ammonia, 225 Styptics, 61 Subacetate of copper, 176,234 prepared, 176 lead, solution of, 71 Subcarbonate of iron, 267 Sublimed sulphur, 117; 140, 243 Subnitrate of bismuth, 1253 Suet, 170 Sugar, 112, 129 of lead,71 Sulphate of baryta, 15 copper, 266 iron, 66, 270 327 Sulphate of magnesii, 103 potassa, 105 with sulphur, 106 quinia, 281 soda, 117 zinc, 60, 79, 161,283 Sulphur, 117, 140,243 ointment, 244 washed, 117 Sulphuret of antimony, 133 iron, 269 potassa, 187, 239 potassium, 187, 239 Sulphuric acid, 61, 217, 247 diluted, 61,247 ether, 47, 192, 217, 223 ethereal liquor, 48, 224 Swamp dogwood, 264 Sweet almonds, 122 flag, 253 spirit of nitre, 142, 153 Syrup, 112, 129 of almonds, 122 buckthorn, 106 garlic, 182 ginger, 284 ipecacuanha, 137, 185 lemons, 218, 276 mallows, 121 mulberries, 219 orange peel, 252 poppies, 212 red poppy, 213 roses, 76 rhubarb, 109 aromatic, 109 roses, 111 saffron, 54 sarsaparilla, 31 compound, 31 seneka, 188 senna, 116 simple, 112, 129 squill, 151, 160, 188 tolu, 190 vinegar, 216 Tables of weights and measures, 285 Tamarinds, 118, 130, 220 Tannic acid, 62 Tansy, 47 Tapioca, 130 Tar, 187, 238 Barbadoes, 57 ointment, 238 water, 238 Tartar, cream of, 105, 149, 219 crystals of, 38, 149 emetic, 13, 132, 157, 172, 183 ointment, 172 Tartaric acid, 217 Tartarized antimony, 13,132,157,172, 183 iron, 270 soda, 117 Tartrate of antimony and potassa, 13, 132, 157, 172, 183 potassa, 106 and soda, 117 Thorn apple, 58, 189 Thoroughwort, 135 Tin, 46 powder of, 46 Tincture of acetate of iron, 271 and alcohol, 272 of zinc, 78 aloes, 90 and myrrh, 90 ammonia, compound, 228 ammonio-chloride of iron, 268 angustura, 249 assafcetida, 51 benzoin, compound, 51,184 black hellebore, 99, 163 blood root, 160 buchu,134 camphor, 196, 231 cardamom, 255 compound, 256 cascarilla, 257 cassia, 257 castor, 53, 162 ammoniated, 53, 162 catechu, 65 cayenne pepper, 233, 255 chloride of iron, 272 cinnamon, 263 compound, 263 colchicum, compound, 95, 197 seeds, 94, 197 Columbo, 254 cubebs, 145, 265 foxglove, 147, 200 galbanum, 56, 163 galls, 67 gentian, compound, 274 ginger, 284 guaiac, 136 ammoniated, 136 hemlock, 199 henbane, 202 hops, 201,275 iodine, 26 compound, 26 jalap, 102 kino, 70 lactucarium, 203 lobelia, 56, 159, 204 ethereal, 56, 159, 204 muriate of iron, 67, 272 328 INDEX. Tincture of musk, 57 myrrh, 186 nux vomica, 237 oil of peppermint, 84 opium, 209 acetated, 210 ammoniated, 210 camphorated, 209 orange peel, 252 Peruvian bark, 261 compound, 261 quassia, 2S0 compound, 280 rhubarb, 109 and aloes, 110 gentian, 110 senna,110 compound, 109 saffron, 54 senna and jalep, 116 compound, 116 soap,180 camphorated, 241 Spanish flies, 143, 175 squill, 152 Tolu, 190 valerian, 59 ammoniated, 60 Virginia snakeroot, 243 Tinnivelly senna, 114 Tobacco, 58, 154, 160, 182, 189, 214, 223 Tolu, balsam of, 1S9 Tonics, 245 Toothache tree, 140, 245 Tormentil, 77 Tous les mois, 128 Tragacanth, 130 Troches of bicarbonate of soda, 41 chalk, 36 gum Arabic, 121 lactucarium, 203 liquorice, 125 magnesia, 37 morphia, 206 and ipecacuanha, 206 tartaric acid, 217 Tulip tree bark, 276 Turner's cerate, 79 Turpentine, Canada, 154 Chian, 155 common, 155 Venice, 244 Tutty, 78 ointment, 79 Valerian, 59 Various leaved fleabane, 148 Venice turpentine, 244 Veratria, 182, 215, 244 Verdigris, 176, 234 Vesicatories, (71 Vinegar, 61,215 distilled, 61 of colchicum, 93, 196 opium, 247 Spanish flies, 143, 174 squill, 150, 188 Violet, 119 Virginia snakeroot, 242, 282 Vitriol, blue, 266 green, 66 white, 60, 79, 161 Volatile alkali, 33, 131, 156,226 liniment, 172, 227 Warming plaster, 174 Washed sulphur, 117 Water distilled, 123 of ammonia, 32, 172 carbonate of soda, 40 cassia, 257 sulphuret of potassa, 239 Wax, 167 plaster, 168 white, 167 yellow, 167 Weights and measures, 285 White arsenic, 14, 246 hellebore, 119, 160,244 lead, 73 marble, 38 oxide of bismuth, 253 poppy,201,211 precipitate, 17 turpentine, 155 vitriol, 60, 79, 161 walnut, 102 wax, 167 White oak bark, 75 Wild ginger, 250 potato, 95 cherry bark, 279 Willow, 282 crack, 282 herb, purple, 70 round leaved, 282 Wine, antimonial, 132, 157 of aloes, 191 colchicum root, 95, 197 seed, 95, 197 gentian, 275 ipecacuanha, 138, 159, 185 iron, 43 opium, 210 rhubarb, 110 tobacco, 214 white hellebore, 119, 161,215 vinegar, 61 Winter green, 143 INDEX. 329 Winter's bark, 283 Wolfsbane, 191 Wood sorrel, 217 Woody nightshade, 134 Wormseed, 43 Wormwood, 42, 245 Yeast cataplasm, 233 Yellow bark, 65 resin, 239 Yellow root, 283 sulphate of mercury, 20, 181 wax, 167 Zinc, 78 carbonate of, 78 prepared, 78 oxide of, 79, 283 sulphate of, 60, 79, 161, 284 THE END. 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