; el 
(The Ifan OIa Of V 
* • 
1 
'bi '"3 ^'Sk w>45> 
MH ihLCl; IdlC TUBES OF NUTRIENT AGAR 
- I LLU STR ATI N G TH E \ 
INH IBITORY ACTION 
aisrtxwn:; 
BOTH TUBES IMPREGNATED WITH 
BACILLUS PYOSCYANEUS. 
BOTH TUBES IMPREGNATED WITH 
SARCINAE AURANTICA. 
80 
DAYS' 
GROWTH. 
30. 
DAYS' 
GROWTH. 
AGAR 
WITH 
20% LISTERINE. 
AGAR 
WITH 
20% LISTERINE. 
BOTH TUBES IMPREGNATED WITH 
BACILLUS PRODIGIOSUS. ' 
BOTH TUBES IMPREGNATED WITH 
SACCHAROMYCES RUBER. 
30 
DAYS' 
GROWTH. 
30 
DAYS' 
GROWTH. 
AGAR. 
AGAR 
WITH 
20% LISTERINE. 
AGAR. 
AGAR 
WITH 
20% LISTERINE. Typhoid Bacilli. • With flagella x 900. 
Gonococci and Staphylococci. 
Mixed infection x 850. 
Sputum. From case of acute croupus 
pneumonia x 750. 
Streptococcus Pyogenes x 850, With lymph cor- 
puscles from case of non-diphtheritic croup. 
Bacillus Diphtheria; 
Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. 
Membrane from case of Diphtheria showing 
mixed infection x 700. Bacillus Tuberculosis x 700. 
Sputum from case of pronounced tuberculosis. 
Pneumococci. From pleuritic exudation of 
mouse after pneumonia x 700. 
Bacillus Anthracis. From culture x 700. 
Bacillus Influenza) x 700. 
Bacterium Coli Commune x 700. Bacillus Anthracis x 700. 
Spleen of mouse. 
Typhoid Bacilli. From pure culture x 700. 
Bacillus Subtilis. 
(Hay Bacillus) from culture x 700. 
Koch's "Comma Bacillus" 
Of Asiatic Cholera x 700. 
Bacillus Diphtherias. From culture x 700. "The toxic nature of any substance should be considered as well as its antiseptic 
power. The best antiseptic is undoubtedly that which is the least harmful to man in the 
dose required for asepsis."-M. Dujardin Beaumetz. 
Listerine is a powerful, trustworthy, non-poisonous antiseptic; 
absolutely safe, agreeable, and convenient. 
At 60° F., Listerine is a clear, amber-colored liquid, but as the 
temperature is reduced from this point it becomes opaque. This 
characteristic of Listerine is caused by the partial congelation of its 
essential constituents; its therapy is unimpaired thereby, and it again 
becomes translucent, after restoration to a normal 
temperature. Listerine has a powerful, fragrant, 
aromatic odor and pungent taste, both of which 
are quite agreeable; its specific gravity is lighter than water, with which 
it mixes in any proportion, without precipitation or separation of its 
constituents; this genial compatibility extends to most of the standard 
remedies of the materia medica. The boracic acid constituent, which 
imparts to Listerine its feeble acidity, is beautifully exhibited in the 
evaporation or atomization of Listerine. 
Listerine is a swift and sure destroyer of infusorial life; it pre- 
vents the various fermentations, preserves animal tissues, and inhibits 
the activity, growth and motion of low forms of vegetable life; hence, 
whenever brought into intimate contact there- 
with, Listerine may be relied upon to destroy the 
activity of the living particles which constitute 
contagion. Owing to these properties, combined with its non-poisonous 
effect upon the human system, it has immense advantages over carbolic 
acid, in that it may be administered internally, as well as used with 
freedom, either by injection, lotion or spray, in the natural cavities of 
the body; such as the ears, nose, mouth, throat, rectum, vagina, urethra 
and bladder. 
Even in full strength, Listerine does not coagulate serous albu- 
min; it is thus free from the drawback which so markedly limits 
the action of corrosive sublimate and like agents, most of which, more- 
over, are extremely poisonous. Listerine is pecu- 
liarly free from irritating properties, even when 
applied to the most delicate of the tissues, 
while its volatile constituents give it more healing and penetrating power 
than is possessed by a purely mineral antiseptic solution. These essen- 
tial properties possessed by Listerine are analogous in their effect to the 
ozoniferous ethers so highly recommended by Sir Benjamin Ward 
Richardson, and others, as deodorizers and disinfectants for the sick- 
room. 
Physical 
properties. 
Inhibitory 
action. 
Volatile 
constituents. 
1 LISTERINE IN SURGERY. 
''The Medicine of the Twentieth Century-Surgery and Sanatory Science!" 
Consequent upon the rapid acquisition of knowledge in the science 
of bacteriology, the method by which the surgeon seeks to establish 
aseptic conditions for his operation is constantly undergoing progress- 
ive changes; ever advancing in the direction of surgical cleanliness. 
The antiseptic agents best suited to surgical requirements are 
undoubtedly those which are potent to inhibit 
the multiplication or numerical growth of micro- 
organisms, and yet have no injurious effect 
upon the system, through absorption, or upon 
the tissues in which the healing process is 
going on. 
Listerine embodies the peculiar advantages of the volatile anti- 
putrescents in a bland, unirritating and trustworthy antiseptic com- 
pound. Up to a dilution of ten per cent., Listerine prevents putrefac- 
tion, and preserves animal tissues; hence, in the antiseptic treatment of 
accidental or operative wounds, it is frequently used in this strength, 
although a much stronger solution has been found advantageous where 
there is a tendency to suppuration; one part of Listerine to four parts 
of water, then being generally used. When wounds are indolent, 
Listerine is sometimes applied in full strength, with markedly beneficial 
effect. 
A solution composed of one part of Listerine and nine parts of 
water, to which is added a small quantity of 
the bicarbonate of soda, forms an excellent 
local application to burns and scalds. Applied 
early in the treatment, this solution will be found of sufficient antiseptic 
strength to prevent suppuration, but when employed in cases showing 
a suppurative tendency, the proportion of Listerine should be increased 
to twenty-five per cent. 
The antiseptic 
method has 
elevated Surgery to 
the rank of the 
least experimental 
science. 
Burns 
and Scalds. 
2 LISTERINE IN SURGERY. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
E. H. Gregory, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Ex-President American Medical Association; Ex-President Missouri State 
Medical Society; Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery 
and Clinical Surgery, St. Louis Medical College; Surgeon 
to St. Louis (Sisters') Hospital, etc. 
"I most cheerfully bear testimony to the value of Listerine as a 
surgical dressing. Dr. N. B. Carson, my assistant, and myself, have con- 
stantly used it at St. Louis Hospital. He joins me in ^recommending 
Listerine as a most useful antiseptic." 
Christopher Johnson, M. D., Baltimore, Md. 
Emeritus Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland; President 
Baltimore Medical Association, etc. 
"I have had great satisfaction with the use of Listerine, in my surgical 
practice, finding it admirable as a dressing, and in general, as an agreeable 
deodorizer." 
L. S. McMurtry, A. M., M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Secretary Kentucky State Medical Society. 
"My attention was first directed to the value of Listerine as a surgical 
dressing and antiseptic application by my friend, Dr. W. W. Dawson. 
After several months' use of it, I am satisfied it is a better disinfectant 
than carbolic acid, and being unirritating and of pleasant odor has very 
many advantages over that article as an antiseptic, both externally and 
internally." 
Joseph M. Mathews, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
President Mississippi Valley Medical Association; Professor of Surgical 
Pathology and Diseases of the Rectum, Kentucky 
School of Medicine. 
"The more I use Listerine in general surgery, the better I am pleased 
with it, especially so in large, suppurating wounds. In such, many of the 
other antiseptics are dangerous, but Listerine is free from danger and 
meets the indications as well. It is a mild stimulant, a safe antiseptic, 
and free from any offensive odor." 
Charles T. Parkes, M. D., Chicago, Ill. 
Professor of Anatomy, Rush Medical College. 
"An extended trial of Listerine in all kinds of wounds and operations, 
has satisfied me of its great worth and excellence as an antiseptic applica- 
tion. Nothing that I have used so quickly cleanses and purifies sloughing 
tissues, either of bone or soft parts. Its value as an antiseptic purely, is 
not surpassed by any other substance used for that purpose." 
Philip S. Wales, M. D., Washington, D. C. 
Late Surgeon-General United States Navy, 
"After examining the formula of Listerine, which contains some of 
the best known antiseptics, I was impressed with the idea that the com- 
bination was a happy one, and would furnish a serviceable and handy 
agent for antisepticism, possessed of the fewest drawbacks as regards irri- 
tating and poisonous properties, and a thorough trial of it in several im- 
portant surgical operations, has demonstrated that these impressions were 
well founded. Listerine may be relied upon as an efficient antiseptic." 
3 LISTERINE IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. 
Its power as an antiseptic, per se, having been most satisfactorily 
determined by extended clinical test, the freedom from possibility 
of poisonous effect through absorption will always give Listerine favor 
over dilutions of poisonous or corrosive chemicals, the use of which 
must ever be guarded with extreme care and caution. These qualities, 
together with its exceedingly agreeable properties, and the readiness 
with which it disinfects offensive lochial discharges, have won for 
Listerine a first place in the lying-in room, as a general cleansing, 
prophylactic or antiseptic wash. 
In all cases of hyper-secretion from the genito-urinary mucous 
membranes, Listerine, alone or with the addi- 
tion of astringents or other medicaments, serves 
a most useful purpose. In leucorrhoea a solu- 
tion of one part Listerine to ten parts warm water, applied by con- 
tinued irrigation, at intervals sufficiently frequent to enable strict clean- 
liness to be maintained, is generally all-sufficient. When this disorder 
is accompanied by pain and marked congestion, the above injection 
should be used hot, and the quantity injected should be increased, that 
the injection may be prolonged, and the reactionary effect of the hot 
application (contraction) be thus obtained. Its application to the tissues 
is well secured by means of a douche, fitted with a long rubber tube, 
and supplied with a stop-cock for convenience in regulating the flow. 
In those cases where the secretions or discharges are of an offensive 
character, a tampon of absorbent cotton saturated with a mixture of 
equal parts of Listerine and glycerine, placed in the vagina, and allowed 
to remain in situ during the night, has proved beneficial, when preceded 
by thorough irrigation with the Listerine solution recommended above. 
Vaginal 
Catarrh- 
Leucorrhoea. 
By the constant use of Listerine, cancer of the womb is relieved 
of one of its most distressing accompaniments- 
the horrible fetor which characterizes its dis- 
charges. In these cases it should be continually applied in a solution 
containing one part of Listerine, to two or three parts of water. 
Uterine Cancer. 
4 LISTERINE IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
A. F. Erich, M. D., Baltimore, Md. 
Professor Diseases of Women, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Balti- 
more; Surgeon in charge of the Maryland Woman's Hospital, etc. 
"After a somewhat extended trial, I can confidently recommend Lis- 
terine as an efficient antiseptic and deodorizer of decomposing matter. 
As a vaginal injection I have found it of use in a number of instances. 
To remove the offensive odor from the hands, after attending cases of 
abortion, uterine cancer, or other diseases where decomposing matters 
are found in the vagina, it has proved to be superior to anything previously 
used. It has, unquestionably, a great field of usefulness before it." 
Edward W. Jenks, M. D., LL. D., Chicago, Ill. 
Late Professor of Medical and Surgical Diseases of Women, and of 
Clinical Gynecology, Chicago Medical College. 
"I have found Listerine to be an efficient and agreeable antiseptic 
dressing. In offensive uterine and vaginal discharges it has proven a com- 
plete deodorizer, surpassing in this particular any other article I have 
used." 
Joseph Taber Johnson, A. M., M. D., Washington, D. C. 
Professor Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Infants, Medical Depart- 
ment, University of Georgetown, D. C. 
"I have used Listerine in the same class of cases in which I have been 
accustomed to use carbolic acid, and have been much pleased with results. 
In uterine cases, and for removing odor from my hands after examinations, 
I employ it frequently. Its freedom from the peculiar odor of the carbolic 
acid is much in its favor. It is an excellent remedy, properly diluted, to 
correct the foul smells after abortion, and to disinfect offensive lochial dis- 
charges. I often use it in obstetrical cases. It promptly corrects the in- 
tolerable odor, and gives equal satisfaction in offensive leucorrhoea." 
R. A. Kinloch, M. D., Charleston, S. C. 
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery, 
Medical College of the State of South Carolina. 
"X long experience with Listerine causes me to regard it a useful and 
very pleasant combination of valuable agents. It serves a useful purpose 
after confinement where the discharges from uterus and vagina are dis- 
agreeable, and where, as is so often the case, the odor of carbolic acid is 
objectionable." 
E. B. Stevens, A. M., M. D., Cincinnati, O. 
President Obstetrical Society of Cincinnati. 
"I am highly pleased with the effects of Listerine. Its special char- 
acter adapts it to a large range of purposes; disinfects completely the 
hands of the obstetric and gynecic practitioner; disinfects offensive con- 
ditions of the utero-vaginal passages, especially where there are bad-smell- 
ing discharges. Withal, as compared with carbolic acid, especially, there 
is the same grateful advantage-the agreeable odor in using." 
5 LISTERINE IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. 
Whilst the treatment of this disorder must be framed to suit the 
individual case, Listerine is often indicated for 
the grateful tonicity which it exerts upon the 
stomach. Dilute with one to three parts water, 
or as in the following prescription: 
Vomiting of 
Pregnancy. 
1> Cerii oxalas ' grs. xxiv 
Syr. ipecac ng xx 
Creosotum np iij 
Listerine 5 j 
Aq. menth. piper J iij M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful every two or three hours, until nausea is relieved. 
In the incidental management of the lying-in room, Listerine is 
very grateful to the patient. A weak solution, 
say an ounce to a pint of water, may be used 
to bathe the face and hands-in fact, all parts of the body. Used as 
a mouth wash, especially before meals, it is refreshing and appetizing; 
taken internally, it removes all fetor arising from the stomach, or 
mucous tracts. Sprayed about the room and bedclothes, by means of 
a simple atomizer, it purifies and sweetens the atmosphere. For a 
prophylactic and restorative douche or injection, after parturition, an 
ounce or two ounces of Listerine, in a quart of warm water, is usually 
sufficient. Where stronger solutions are indicated, Listerine may be 
used in larger proportion; one ounce of Listerine, one ounce of glycerine, 
and two ounces of water, is a prescription frequently written. 
Solutions of poisonous or corrosive chemicals, of sufficient anti- 
septic strength to overcome, or to inhibit ab- 
normal conditions of the mucous membrane, are 
not often suitable to prescribe for general 
domestic employment. In cases wherein an antiseptic is required for 
general domestic use, the practitioner is frequently afforded the oppor- 
tunity to place the patient under lasting obligations by prescribing or 
recommending the use of Listerine; thereby securing the element of 
positive safety, on account of its non-poisonous character, in addition to 
well-proved efficacy and very agreeable properties. 
The use of Listerine affords an excellent and very effective means 
of conveying to the innermost recesses and folds of the mucous mem- 
brane, that mild and efficient mineral antiseptic, boracic acid, which it 
holds in perfect solution. 
Parturition. 
To maintain 
Cleanliness. 
6 LISTERINE IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
L. Ch. Boisliniere, M. D., LL.D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Professor of Obstetrics, St. Louis Medical College. 
"I have used Listerine four years. The more I use it the better I am 
pleased with it as an antiseptic and deodorizer. As a dressing for uterine 
cancer, I found that the fetor had been thoroughly corrected, and, after 
the removal of this morbid growth, a marked benefit could be ascribed to 
Listerine, as it appeared to promote healthy granulations. In offensive 
leucorrhoea, and cervical or vaginal discharges, it removes all disagreeable 
smells.. For vaginal douches and injections, after parturition, I now use 
exclusively Listerine. Besides being a reliable antiseptic, its very agreeable 
odor should give it the preference over all other articles of this class." 
Oscar J. Coskery, M. D., Baltimore, Md. 
Professor of Surgery, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 
Baltimore, Md. 
"My experience with Listerine has fully convinced me of its decided 
value. As a dressing in gangrenous wounds or ulcers, and as a mouth- 
wash after operations upon that cavity, it has surpassed my expectations. 
I have also used it for cancer of the cervix-uteri with gratifying results. 
While it is much more pleasant than carbolic acid, and does not stain as 
do the permanganates, I believe that it as perfectly fulfills its purpose as do 
both of the other disinfectants." 
George J. Engelmann, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Professor of Obstetrics in the Post-Graduate School of the Missouri Medi- 
cal College; Consulting Surgeon to the St. Louis Female Hospital, etc. 
"In the sick-room, especially the lying-in chamber, Listerine answers 
a most excellent purpose as a disinfectant, purifying the atmosphere and 
removing the offensive odor without substituting one almost equally dis- 
agreeable, as is the case with many of the remedies in use." 
Henry O. Marcy, A. M., M. D., Boston, Mass. 
Ex-President American Academy of Medicine. 
"From my experience with Listerine, I am inclined to rate it favor- 
ably. Its use is certainly far more pleasant, and it is less of an irritant, 
than carbolic acid, which has proved of inestimable value, but is now gener- 
ally conceded to be open to certain grave objections. Listerine is, there- 
fore, likely to prove a step to the further enlargement upon the great good 
already accomplished by the use of antiseptics in midwifery and surgery, 
and I consider it entitled to thorough trial by the profession. Its use 
in my practice in local applications, gargles, injections into the bladder, 
etc., has resulted very satisfactorily." 
H. P. C. Wilson, M. D., Baltimore, Md. 
Ex-President Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland and of Balti- 
more Academy of Medicine; Gynecologist to 
St. Vincent's Hospital, etc. 
"I have used Listerine as an injection in uterine cancer, and as an 
injection after delivery, in obstetrics, with great satisfaction. In cancer, 
an ounce of Listerine to a quart of warm water, and after deliveries, three 
drachms to a quart, has been found sufficient. Its freedom from un- 
pleasant smell is a great desideratum." . 
7 LISTERINE IN GENITO-URINARY DISEASES. 
In the local treatment of these diseases, especially as a purifying 
and healing agent in inflammations and ulcerations about the genitals, 
Listerine will be found very serviceable. Its action is very similar 
to that of astringents, while free from their objectionable effect; its 
power to disguise the disagreeable odor of other medicaments employed, 
is a great desideratum. 
In the treatment of urethritis, an injection of Listerine, diluted 
with five to ten parts water, is an excellent 
mode of treatment, after the acute stage is 
passed. The following prescription has also been used with much 
success: 
5 Sodii boras 3 iss 
Morphina grs. v 
Listerine $ ij 
Aqua destil 5 vi M. 
Sig.: Inject in small quantities into the urethra, three times a day. 
In the management of vaginitis, Listerine and glycerine, in the 
proportion of two ounces each to the gallon of 
hot water, injected three times daily, will pro- 
duce very pleasing results, which may be enhanced by the use of a 
tampon, saturated with equal parts of Listerine and glycerine, allowed 
to remain in place during the night. 
Applications of Listerine, in full strength or diluted one-half with 
water, make an admirable dressing for venereal 
sores; bathe the parts twice a day with the 
Listerine; dry without friction, and dust the surface with calomel and 
bismuth, half and half. As a general wash for chancroids, venereal 
ulcerations, etc., the following has been favorably reported upon: 
ly Hydrgr. chloridum mite 3 j 
Listerine 5 j 
Liquor calcis 5 v M. 
Sig.: Mop the surface, twice a day, with gauze, or absorbent cotton. 
As an antiseptic application in the local treatment of acute cystitis, 
and also as a cleansing and disinfecting wash 
for chronically inflamed bladders, Listerine has 
proved a most-valuable addition to the armament of remedies of the 
genito-urinary specialist. For these purposes a 10% solution of Lis- 
terine is suitable for employment in the acute condition, while a 25% 
solution is rationally indicated for cases of long standing, and in such, 
usually has a salutary effect. 
Urethritis. 
Vaginitis. 
Venereal Sores. 
Cystitis. 
8 LISTERINE IN GENITO-URINARY DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Jno. P. Bryson, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Diseases, St. Louis Medical College. 
"Listerine so fully answers all my requirements, that I have used no 
other antiseptic for the past seven months in the surgery and diseases of 
the genito-urinary organs, finding it the only one of these agents that did 
not irritate when used for a length of time. In my hands it has proved of 
special value about the scrotum and prepuce, and gives satisfaction as an 
urethral injection, and for cleansing the bladder. I use it constantly 
while operating (diluted 1-12) to render antiseptic the sponges, dressings 
and instruments, and with uniform success. Its agreeable odor is a decided 
recommendation." 
Eustathius Chancellor, A. M., M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Professor of Cutaneous and Venereal Diseases, Beaumont Hospital 
Medical College. 
"The satisfaction experienced in the use of the stable and reliable 
compound, Listerine, in certain venereal diseases, is beyond compare - 
so extensively recognized as an effective ectrotic for the many sequelae 
resulting from impure coitus, and also as a prophylactic for the disagree- 
able fetor so frequently concomitant with neglect of hygienic measures, 
and the misuse of oleaginous medication to the genitals. Listerine is 
practically a cleansing and healing agent for the many inflammations, 
excoriations, fissures and ulcerations of affected parts, whether specific or 
jon-specific, and used in the form of spray, gargle, lotion or bath." 
J. W. Darling, M. D., New York City. 
Professor Physical Diagnosis, New York Homoeopathic Medical College, 
New York. 
"As an injection into the bladder for cleansing and disinfecting pur- 
poses, in cystitis, with alkaline urine, I have used Listerine with very 
good results." 
Fessenden N. Otis, M. D., New York City. 
Clinical Professor of Venereal Diseases, College of Physicians and Sur- 
geons, New York; Attending Physician Charity Hospital. 
"During the past two years, I have made use of the combination of 
antiseptics, manufactured according to a published formula by Messrs. 
Lambert & Co. under the title of 'Listerine.' 
"It has appeared to me to act exceedingly well in that class of cases 
in which I have heretofore depended upon iodoform and the solutions of 
carbolic acid. As an application to wounds resulting from surgical oper- 
ations, it has seemed excellent. In the dressings of venereal ulcerations, 
it has been satisfactory; used in full strength upon superficial chancroids, 
it has appeared to me to act quite as efficiently as iodoform. 
"I know of no reason why it should not be tried as a substitute for 
iodoform and carbolic acid, in that range of diseases where these agents 
have been found efficacious, and with the great advantage of being free 
from their objectionable odor." 
A. M. Owen, M. D., Evansville, Ind. 
Professor of Surgery, Medical College of Evansville, Indiana; Secretary 
Board of Health; Ex-Pres. Tri-State Medical Society. 
"The happiest results from Listerine have been in washing out 
bladders chronically inflamed. Old cases of cystitis have yielded and im- 
proved more under Listerine one ounce, distilled water one pint, than any- 
thing I have ever used." 
9 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
During the past decade, Listerine has become thoroughly identified 
by the leaders of thought in medical practice, as one of the standard 
remedies in the treatment of disease. Its universal use, its efficient 
formula, and its purity and uniformity have made it practically officinal. 
Contributors to the best periodicals, and authors of standard text books, 
unhesitatingly mention and advocate Listerine. The recognition which 
it has won in conservative England, and on the Continent, corroborates 
the opinion of the American profession regarding Listerine. 
It is with pardonable pride that we refer to the emphatic approval 
of Listerine, expressed by such representatives of the English medical 
press as the British Medical Journal, the London Medical Recorder, 
and the Journal of Laryngology and Rhinology (founded in 1887 by 
Sir Morrell MacKenzie and R. Norris Wolfenden). In America, 
there is scarcely a medical periodical of repute, that has not again and 
again referred to Listerine as worthy of the high place it holds in the 
armamentarium of the progressive physician. 
The use of Listerine in diseases of the throat and chest, and in 
morbid conditions of the nasal passages, is being 
widely extended. We are glad to acknowledge 
the valuable aid given by the writings and lec- 
tures of Lefferts, Porter, Seiler, Ingals, Sajous, Robinson, Ryerson, and 
many other workers in Laryngology. Their commendations of Listerine, 
and directions for its use, have become an important part of the liter- 
ature of the therapeutics of the respiratory tract. 
Please bear in mind that Listerine is not only a vehicle for specially 
indicated alteratives, resolvents and astringents, but is itself the most 
powerful, non-irritating antiseptic and germicide known to the analytical 
chemist. It is safe, yet powerful, pleasing to the taste, and promptly 
effective. We mention a few of the diseases of the respiratory tract 
to which its use may be directed, in accordance with the many sugges- 
tions that have come to us from careful, practical, medical men. 
Diseases of the 
Respiratory Tract. 
In acute coryza, a gentle and soothing solu- 
tion for use in the atomizer, is: 
Acute Coryza. 
I> Listerine 
Boro-glyceride 
Ext hamamelidis dist aa f $ iij M. 
To this may be added, if needed, tr. of belladonnas, xx. 
10 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
If cleanliness is ever "next to godliness," it is in the treatment 
of chronic nasal catarrh. After obstructions and 
accumulations in the nasal and pharyngeal pas- 
sages are removed, the battle is but half won. 
Before each direct application, whether it be astringent, alterative or 
sedative, there should be a thorough cleansing of the parts, and this 
should be repeated, at least night and morning. 
A formula, which has found much favor as effective in dissolving 
the hard, dry crusts, and in cleansing the mucous membrane, is as fol- 
lows, though it may be used in varying proportions: 
5 Acidi boracici 
Sodii boras aa 3 i 
Sodii chloridi Q i 
Listerine f § iij 
Aquae purse q. s. ad. f 5 viij M. 
This combination is very useful as a nasal or post-pharyngeal 
douche. As a spray it may be used cold, or still better, the spray 
bottle or tube may be placed in a vessel of water at about 110° F., 
until thoroughly warm. 
Where an alterative effect is desired, iodine and carbolic acid may 
be used; in making the following solution the iodine will be decolorized, 
but it will still have a local, alterative effect: 
B Sodii boras 3 ss 
Sodii bicarb 3 i 
Aquae purae f 5 ij 
Acidi carbol grs. xv 
Tr. iodi f 5 iij 
Listerine q. s. ad. f J vi M. 
Should a douche be ordered, this formula may also be used, 
diluted with three or more parts of warm water. For an astringent 
effect, a small quantity of tannic acid, or hydrastis may be added to 
a solution of Listerine, but we would remind the physician that a very 
astringent effect is scarcely ever desirable in chronic catarrh. Where 
tannic acid is indicated, not more than one grain to the ounce should be 
employed at first, with further increase as required. 
In all forms of pharyngitis, Listerine is an ideal remedy, either 
alone or in combination, for use as a spray, or 
gargle. The foregoing formulae are often valu- 
able, or where a more astringent effect is de- 
manded, the following has been suggested: 
$ Zinci sulph grs. xx 
Listerine 
Aquae purae aa f J ij M. 
If considered preferable, ferric alum (ferri et ammonii sulph.) 
may be substituted for the zinc. This solution may be used as a spray, 
or in still further dilution, as a gargle. As a local application in tonsil- 
itis, Listerine is best employed in the form of a spray. It may be 
diluted with from three to five parts of water. 
Chronic 
Nasal Catarrh. 
Pharyngitis 
and Tonsilitis. 
11 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
In the same way, in these and similar combinations, Listerine 
may be used in the treatment of many forms of 
inflammation in the larynx. A favorite method 
of cleansing syphilitic and tubercular ulcers of 
the pharynx and larynx, is to apply Listerine in full strength, by means 
of absorbent cotton, attached to a laryngeal probe or carrier, firmly 
held against the ulcer, for several seconds. 
A simple and valuable spray for singers and speakers subject to 
hoarseness, is: 
5 Acidi nitrici, (c. p.) TTK iv 
Listerine 
Ext. hamamelidis dist aa f 3 ii M. 
Sig.: Use frequently by spray or, diluted with water, as a gargle. 
The application of Listerine, suitably diluted, to the mucous sur- 
faces of the nares, larynx, trachea and bronchial 
tubes (by inhalation), is a very effective means 
of allaying local irritation, in the treatment of hay fever; indeed, 
Listerine seems to exert a distinctly preventive influence against this 
distressing disease, judging from a number of letters we have received, 
of a tenor similar to the following: 
"For fourteen years, during the period of time between the early 
part of July and the middle of August, I had experienced an annual 
attack of hay fever. Five years ago, I used a spray of Listerine, in the 
nasal cavities, and obtained complete relief. I now resort to this treat- 
ment each year, beginning about the 10th of July and continue it for 
a month; by this means I have entirely escaped my annual visitation of 
this distressing affection." 
Our reports show that great benefit has 
been obtained from the use of a Listerine spray, 
containing a local sedative, such as: 
B Tr. belladonnas Tip * 
Ammonii bromidi 3 ss 
Listerine f 3 ' 
Aquae purae f 5 vj M. 
The child should be taught to inhale the spray, deeply and slowly. 
The atmosphere of the room may also be kept moist, and in some de- 
gree medicated, by frequent spraying, or some of the solution may 
be placed in a tea-kettle, kept boiling, over a slow fire. 
In bronchitis, where a volatile antiseptic is indicated, Listerine is 
freely used by many practitioners. A steam 
spray apparatus should be employed, the Lis- 
terine largely diluted at first, and the patient taught to take long, deep 
inhalations. After a few minutes, the tendency to cough generally 
subsides, and the patient experiences relief. Where there is much irri- 
tation or relaxation, an astringent, or in severe cases, a local anodyne, 
may be added to the solution. 
Laryngitis- 
Hoarseness. 
Hay Fever. 
W hooping-Cough. 
Bronchitis. 
12 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
If phthisis, especially when well defined, can not be cured, it can 
most certainly be retarded, and the patient re- 
lieved from many of the distressing symptoms. 
The attempt to combat the tubercular element by germicidal treatment 
has been only partly successful. Whether the good results which often 
follow the administration of such remedies as creosote, guiacol and some 
of the oleo-resins, are due to their direct action upon the bacilli, or as 
some claim, because of their antiseptic and antifermentative action in 
the intestinal tract, is not for us to decide. Enough to say that at 
present most practitioners use creosote or its equivalent, in the treat- 
ment of phthisis. A physician has recommended to us the following 
formula, for giving creosote in gradually increasing doses: 
Listerine 
Aquae purse aa f 5 iii 
Creosote !Tg xxiv 
Sig.: A tablespoonful, every three hours. 
Only the best beechwood creosote should be used, and the solution 
thoroughly shaken. When this quantity has been taken, four addi- 
tional drops of creosote may be added, and the next time four more, 
until by this rate of increase, the maximum dose is attained. 
In fermentative dyspepsia, which is so often present as a factor in 
the phthisical condition, Listerine generally has an excellent effect. 
Phthisis. 
William Porter, A. M., M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Professor of Laryngology and Diseases of the Chest, College of Physicians 
and Surgeons; Ex-President Tri-State Medical Society, Illinois, 
Indiana and Kentucky; Physician to the St. Louis 
Protestant Hospital; to St. Luke's and 
St. Louis City Hospitals, etc. 
Proven, it seems to me, are these two propositions: 
ist. Phthisis is a specific disease from a specific cause. 
2d. Phthisis may be produced by absorption of tuberculous matter 
in contact with the mucous membrane of the air passage or intestinal tract. 
There is also evidence that the energy of this tuberculous matter is 
due to germ development and progression. 
Hence the value of antiseptic influence in the treatment of phthisis, 
not only in the later stages during pus production and absorption, but 
also in the earlier process of infection. 
One great demand is for that, which by local and internal use, may 
meet and destroy the septic agencies of disease. Such a remedy must be 
effective, unirritating, and non-poisonous, susceptible of ready dilution 
and easy absorption, and, withal, inoffensive in odor and taste. 
Carbolic acid and iodoform do not fully meet these requirements, and 
less harmful, yet no less potent means of antagonizing contagion and putre- 
faction, are finding favor. 
The compound known as Listerine has for nearly two years served 
me better than any other remedy of its class, and in the treatment of 
phthisis has almost supplanted in my practice, all other antiseptics. In 
treatment of diseases of the upper air passages it is pleasant, and does not 
irritate; in the fermentative dyspepsia so often accompanying phthisis, it 
is safe and efficient. 
It is the most powerful non-toxic antiseptic I have yet found. 
13 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
C. M. Carter, M. D., Kansas City, Mo. 
"I must say that Listerine has proven very beneficial in my hands 
in chronic catarrh. My usual plan is to wash the parts thoroughly with 
tepid borax water, then syringe or spray with Listerine, glycerine and 
tannic acid." 
James G. Hyndman, M. D., Cincinnati, O. 
Professor of Medical Chemistry, Medical College of Ohio. 
"My experience with Listerine justifies me in stating most positively, 
that in numerous cases of chronic naso-pharyngeal catarrh, and in ozena, 
with fetid discharges, the results have been most beneficial and satis- 
factory." 
J. S. McLain, M. D., Washington, D. C. 
"In treating a very obstinate case of nasal catarrh lately, I was led 
to try Listerine and water as an injection, and topically, in its application, 
pure, to the posterior nasal passages by means of the curved pencil, after 
cleansing them of the accumulated mucus. The results have been gratify- 
ing in the extreme." 
L. L. Palmer, M. D., Toronto, Canada. 
"I have used Lambert's Listerine chiefly in diseases of the nose 
and throat during the last three or four years, with much satisfaction. 
"It is a carefully prepared formula, and being essentially antiseptic, 
is of much value in surgical operations within the nasal cavities. 
"It also forms a good menstruum for the solution of other agents 
which it may be desirable to convey in the form of spray to these parts." 
-Canadian Practitioner. 
J. Addison Stucky, M. D., Lexington, Ky. 
"The first thing to be done in the treatment of nasal catarrh is to 
thoroughly cleanse the parts. This is of paramount importance. The 
means employed to accomplish this should be mild and non-irritating. 
Anything which produces pain which lasts longer than a few seconds, 
should not be used. I usually use for cleansing purposes the following 
mixture, which is a modification of 'Dobell's solution': 
"lx Sodae bicarb., Sodae biborate, aa 5ss; Glycerine, 3 ' j J Listerine, 
5 j; Aquae, 3 v. M. ft. sol. 
"This solution, when slightly warmed and used in the form of a 
spray, produces a very pleasant sensation, and is excellent for cleansing 
and disinfecting the nasal cavities." 
14 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
A CLINICAL LECTURE 
ON 
ATROPHIC NASAL CATARRH, 
By Carl Seiler, M. D., 
Instructor in Laryngology, and Lecturer on Diseases of the Throat and 
Nose, University of Pennsylvania. 
Gentlemen: There is a class of cases of nasal disease which has 
as yet received very little attention by writers and practitioners, and 
which, although not as commonly met with as other varieties, yet is fre- 
quent enough to merit our consideration. This class of cases is charac- 
terized chiefly by a peculiar penetrating odor emitted by the nasal cavi- 
ties, which is sometimes so strong as to make the presence of the patient 
in a room almost unendurable. On account of this odor the disease has 
been termed "ozaena" by the older writers, a term which is incorrect 
and misleading, as it merely implies one of the symptoms of the affec- 
tion-viz., the bad odor-and this may be present in other forms of 
nasal disease. 
It will be best for you to examine this boy yourselves, to appreciate 
the pathological changes which have taken place in his nasal cavities, 
before we can discuss the treatment suited to this affection. You see 
that the posterior wall of the pharynx is extremely dry and shiny, with- 
out any elevation or enlargement of the follicles and glands which we 
are accustomed to see in the ordinary form of nasal catarrh. The 
rhinoscope shows the naso-pharyngeal cavity to be lined with large scabs 
of hardened secretion, so that very little can be seen of the mucous 
membrane. The posterior ends of the turbinated bones, as they project 
into the openings of the posterior nares, are thin, and where the mucous 
membrane can be seen through the coating of inspissated secretion it 
appears pale in color. The same condition of things is seen in the 
anterior nasal chambers, which are occluded by large plugs of hardened 
15 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
secretion, and appear unusually wide because the lower turbinated bone 
seems to be absent. Careful and persistent questioning fails to reveal 
any specific taint in the patient, and in fact he is almost too young to 
have acquired syphilis, being only fourteen years of age. What he com- 
plains of is obstruction of the nose, dryness of the pharynx, loss of 
sense of smell, and the stench from his nose. 
What is the cause of this accumulation and inspissation of secretion, 
which, by becoming putrefied, produces the odor? The answer to this 
question is the keynote to the pathology of the disease, and also the 
guide in the rational treatment of the disease. 
After thoroughly cleansing the nasal cavities, and removing the 
plugs of hardened mucus, with copious streams of an alkaline solution, 
we see on inspection that the mucous membrane throughout the nasal 
cavities is in a state of atrophy, which, affecting the turbinated bones 
also, has materially reduced their size, so that you can easily see the 
pharyngeal wall through the anterior nasal cavities. This atrophy affects 
chiefly the serous glands, which, as you know, are quite numerous in the 
nasal mucous membrane, and which, by their secretion when in a normal 
condition, makes the mucus thin and watery, so that it can easily be re- 
moved by blowing the nose; when, however, as in the case before us, 
they are atrophied and their secretion reduced to a minimum, the mucus 
secreted by the mucous glands remains viscid and clings to the surface 
of the mucous membrane, becoming rapidly desiccated by the current of 
air inspired through the nose. This atrophy of the mucous membrane, 
extending as it does up into the olfactory region, affects the terminal 
fibres of the olfactory nerve, and thus the loss of the sense of smell, 
which is a common symptom in these cases, is brought about. 
The ozaena or stench may, however, be occasioned in other forms 
of nasal disease by the accumulation and putrefaction of secretion be- 
hind swellings or tumors, where, by the ordinary means of cleansing the 
nose by washing and blowing, it can not easily be removed. 
Ulcerations are rarely met with in this disease, although they are 
sometimes found, usually on the anterior portion of the cartilaginous 
16 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
septum. The general health of the individual has nothing to do with 
the causation of the disease, and its origin is as yet unexplained. It is 
likely, however, that it originates as a hypertrophic nasal catarrh and 
rapidly passes into the atrophic stage, for we frequently meet with cases 
in which one side still presents the characteristics of the hypertrophic 
form, while the other side has already passed into the atrophied 
condition. 
The treatment for atrophied nasal catarrh must be divided into 
two portions-viz., the removal of the accumulation of secretion and the 
disinfecting of the nasal cavities to remove the odor, and the stimulation 
of the mucous membrane with a view to the regeneration of the serous 
glands. 
This may be accomplished in the following manner: The nasal 
cavities are first cleansed with a copious stream of alkaline solution from 
the nasal douche; and let me tell you here, that this is the class of cases 
in which this much abused instrument is not only applicable, but ex- 
tremely useful, without being harmful. If after this any plugs remain 
in the nasal cavities, they must be removed with a pair of forceps, and 
the washing repeated until all secretion has been removed, as you saw 
me do in the case before us. The next step is to disinfect the nasal 
cavities. Various substances have been used for this purpose, such as 
permanganate of potash, chlorine water, tar water, carbolic acid solu- 
tion, iodoform, and many others; but they all have either great dis- 
advantages, or else are but partially effectual. 
Lately I have used a preparation called Listerine, which answers 
the purpose admirably, without having any of the disadvantages of other 
disinfectants. It is a combination of the essential oils of thyme, euca- 
lyptus, gaultheria and other plants, together with a small quantity of 
benzo-boracic acid, and should be diluted one-half with water when 
used by the atomizer. The immediate effect is to at once destroy the 
stench from the nose, and to substitute for it the odor of the oil of 
thyme, which is rather pleasant than otherwise. I am in the habit of 
using a spray of this solution before making an examination, or before 
17 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
I cleanse the nasal cavities of such cases, thus mitigating very materially 
the discomfort to myself arising from the stench. The patient is directed 
to cleanse his nose with a solution of two drachms of bicarbonate of 
soda to one quart of tepid water morning and evening, and to throw 
a spray of the Listerine solution into the nostrils after the cleansing. 
Treated in this manner, I have seen many cases in which the odor was 
barely perceptible after the lapse of three or four days, and remained in 
abeyance throughout the treatment. The oil of thyme and of eucalyptus, 
besides being disinfectants, have also a stimulating effect upon the 
mucous membrane, and thus aid in the second portion of the treatment. 
The stimulation of the serous glands to a normal action may be 
brought about by a variety of remedies, such as astringents in various 
strengths; but in my experience the insufflation into the nasal cavities 
of finely powdered nitrate of silver, diluted with starch powder, has 
given the best results. Where there is complete absence of the lower 
turbinated bones, the introduction of a wad of absorbent cotton, which 
is to remain until washed out, and then be re-introduced by the patient 
himself, often aids in the stimulation by continually irritating the mucous 
surfaces with which it is in contact. Next in effectiveness to the silver 
powders, I have found a weak solution of ferric alum in the form of 
a spray thrown into the nasal cavities, and the natural iron water of 
Cresson Springs, as peculiarly adapted for these cases. 
A treatment such as this, carried out for several months, has given 
(in my hands) most satisfactory results. 
The internal administration of small doses of bromide and iodide 
of potassium in combination, on account of their influence upon the nasal 
mucous membrane, will greatly aid the local treatment. At the same 
time we must look to the general health of the patient and administer 
tonics when their use is indicated. Whenever practicable a change of 
air should be advised, and the mountain resorts are preferable to the 
seashore in all cases of catarrhal inflammation of the upper air passages, 
especially where the climate is a dry one.-Philadelphia Medical and 
Surgical Reporter, April 19, 1884. 
18 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
SOLUTIONS DOBELL* 
By Edward Pynchon, M. D., 
OF CHICAGO. 
Instructor in Rhinology and Laryngology, Chicago Post-Graduate Medical 
School; Attending Surgeon for Diseases of the Nose and Throat, 
Dispensary of the Illinois Medical College; Assistant 
Aural Surgeon, Illinois Charitable Eye 
and Ear Infirmary. 
While one eminent rhinologist decries the use of aqueous nasal 
injections, sprays and cleansing solutions, another equally eminent and 
learned, will stoutly advocate their employment. When doctors thus 
disagree, who is to decide? 
Among the advocates, and as a pioneer, may be mentioned Dr. 
Horace Dobell, of London, who, about a quarter of a century ago, 
when at the prime of his professional career, was the author of a work 
entitled, "Lectures on Winter Cough," which soon became one of the 
most popular medical works of the then current decade. 
In this work was suggested a line of treatment for catarrhal coughs, 
which in the writer's practice had proven highly beneficial, and promi- 
nent among the things advised was the use by injection of an alkaline 
solution which has ever since been extensively prescribed and used under 
the name of "Dobell's Solution." In fact, its popularity became so 
great that its formula was recently incorporated in the National Formu- 
lary, though the original proportions were slightly changed. 
Several years ago I chanced by accident to observe a marked 
difference in the strength of two formulae for this preparation, and this 
gave me a key to the solution of the raison d'etre for the statement 
made in the opening paragraph. I recently made a brief search through 
several available medical libraries for variations of the Dobell Solution 
formula, with the result of unearthing twenty-one different formulae, 
as given by thirty-one authorities. As a matter of interest, and 
to call attention to the wide discrepancies to be met with, I will 
append the result of my investigation in tabular form, and, to allow 
of easy comparison, I have in each case, when necessary, increased or 
decreased the quantity ordered to a uniform or common denominator 
standard of one pint of the finished product, and have also disregarded 
fractions of a grain. As the borax is the most important ingredient, I 
*Reprinted from Annals of Ophthalmology and Otology, October, 1896. 
19 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
have placed it first, and, beginning with the weakest, have then arranged 
the formulae successively, as their strength increased. No. 14 gives 
Dr. Dobell's original formula, while Nos. 13 and 15 give respectively 
the metric and troy rendering of same, in the National Formulary. 
Formulae for Dobell's Solution as given by various authorities: 
No. 
Sodae, Bibor. 
Sodae, Bicarb. 
Acid, Carbolic. 
Glycerine. 
Water. 
I 
Grs. 30 
Grs. 30 
Grs. 15 
Drm. 4 
Pt. I 
2 
32 
32 
16 
8 
I 
3 
32 
32 
16 
16 
I 
4 
32 
32 
16 
I 
5 
4° 
40 
32 
8 
I 
6 
60 
3° 
12 
16 
I 
7 
60 
60 
45 
8 
I 
8 
60 
60 
45 
I 
9 
7i 
7i 
>4 
H 
I 
IO 
78 
78 
21 
4 
I 
11 
96 
96 
38 
2 % 
I 
I 2 
96 
96 
32 
5^ 
I 
116 
116 
z3 
1 
H 
120 
120 
48 
3% 
I 
J5 
120 
120 
24 
4 
I 
16 
1 20 
120 
24 
8 
I 
i7 
120 
120 
24 
. • 
I 
18 
127 
127 
27 
6% 
I 
»9 
240 
240 
80 
>4 
I 
20 
240 
240 
120 
14 
I 
21 
480 
480 
180 
29 
I 
1. Seiler: Diseases of Throat, Phila., 1889, p. 168; 
Hare: Practical Therapeutics, Phila., 1895, p. 93. 
2. R. W. Seiss, in Hare's System of Practical Therapeutics. 
Phila., 1892, Vol. II, p. 417. 
3. Ingals: Chest, Throat, etc., N. Y., 1881, p. 402; 
W. M. Carpenter: Index of Practice, N. Y., 1884, p. 52. 
4. Roosa: Diseases of Ear, N. Y., 1885, p. 391. 
5. R. W. Seiss, in Burnett's Ear, Nose and 1 hroat, Phila., 
1893, Vol. I, p. 646. 
6. Bosworth: Nose and Throat, N. Y., 1889, Vol. I, p. 174. 
7. Remington: Prac. of Pharmacy, Phila., 1894, p. 1302. 
8. Parrish's Pharmacy, Phila., 1884, p. 1004. 
9. Loomis: Practical Medicine, N. Y., 1884, p. 11; 
Hughes' Practice of Medicine, Phila., 1894, p. 242; 
20 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
E. J. Bermingham: Practical Therapeutics, N. Y., 1885, 
p. 198. 
10. MacDonald: Diseases of Nose, London, 1890, p. 351. 
1 1. Ball: Nose and Throat, N. Y., 1895, p. 357. 
12. Hall: Nose and Throat, Phila., 1895, pp. 33 and 504. 
1 3. No. 242 N. F. in Proceedings, Amer. Pharm. Ass'n, Balt., 
1895, p. 90. 
14. Horace Dobell: Coughs, Consumption and Diet, Phila., 
1877, p. 183; 
Mackenzie: Esophagus, Nose, etc., N. Y., 1884, p. 380. 
Lefferts: Pharmacopoeia for Larynx and Nasal Passages, 
N. Y„ 1884, p. 11. 
15. No. 235 N. F. in U. S. Dispensatory, 17th Ed., 1894; 
Clinton Wagner, in Burnett's Ear, Nose and Throat, Phila., 
1893, Vol. I, p. 597; 
Remington: Practice of Pharmacy, Phila., 1894, p. 1279; 
Farquharson: Therapeutics, Phila., 1889, p. 538. 
16. Scoville: Art of Compounding, Phila., 1895, p. 75. 
17. Shoemaker: Materia Medica, Phila., 1895, p. 98. 
18. Hager: Manual Pharm., Leipzig, 1892, p. 428. 
19. Robinson: Nasal Catarrh, N. Y., 1885, p. 76. 
20. Sajous: Nose and Throat, Phila., 1889, p. 410; 
Biddle: Materia Medica, Phila., 1895, p. 78. 
21. S. O. Potter: Materia Medica, Phila., 1895, p. 476. 
It will be observed that in two cases the glycerine has, for some 
reason, been omitted, and that in several cases different formulae are 
given at different times and places, by the same author. The most 
marked example of this is by Remington, whose very dissimilar formulae 
(Nos. 7 and 15) are only twenty-three pages apart. While the 
variation in the quantity of borax and soda called for is remarkable, 
it is no more so than is the varying quantity of carbolic acid employed. 
With this acid, in order to get a perceptible antiseptic action in a lotion 
or douche, it must be used in a strength of about 1 per cent., or say 
at least one drachm to the pint. In quantities much less than this it 
can only be regarded as a flavoring agent, and a very poor one at that. 
For this latter use I have been in the habit of substituting Listerine. 
Another variation to be observed, is in the quantity of glycerine 
suggested, this ranging from two and one-half to 29 drachms to the 
pint. While this is not as objectionable as in the case of the other 
medical agents, I have by experiment become convinced that one ounce 
or less, gives better results than when the one ounce is exceeded. For 
commercial reasons in part, as will be later explained, I have arrived 
21 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
at six drachms as being the best quantity, but this much I do want, and 
have found that without the glycerine the solution is less agreeable, and 
herein lies one of my chief objections to the use of so-called Nasal 
T ablets. 
In my experiments I found the weakest solution given to be the 
most satisfactory, it containing one drachm of the combined salts to 
the pint, which I have generally found to be as strong as is agreeable 
to the nasal mucous membrane. In the employment of nasal douches 
(indicated only in atrophic conditions) one drachm of salt, to the pint 
of luke-warm water, is the strength most advisable. This makes a 
fluid of about the same specific gravity as the normal blood serum. 
(Seiler: Phila., 1889, p. 268.) I have found the same rule holds 
good, though to even a more marked degree, in hypertrophic conditions. 
The greater strength so often employed will, in part, explain the un- 
satisfactory results which have so often been met with. While in 
purely atrophic conditions a large quantity-a pint or more-of an 
aqueous solution of proper strength and temperature can, in my opinion, 
under proper restrictions, be safely employed, in the usual or hyper- 
trophic form of nasal trouble, I have found that a small quantity, one 
drachm or less, simultaneously sniffed in both nostrils, and frequently 
repeated, gives the best results, and hence my belief that a second 
reason why some have found such treatment unsatisfactory is because 
too great a quantity was each time employed, and possibly not at all 
heated; so, to recapitulate, I have learned that success in using aqueous 
solutions in hypertrophic conditions, hinges largely upon the method 
adopted, in the same way as is necessary a correct method in the safe 
use of the nasal douche; that the strength of the solution should not 
exceed one drachm of salts to the pint; that the quantity each time 
employed must not exceed one drachm, and, on the line of the utility 
of the small dose, frequently repeated, it must be sniffed several times 
daily, preferably from the palm of the hand, thereby becoming suffi- 
ciently warmed, as the quantity is so small. 
Having decided to employ such solution as has been described, 
I ran up against a stumbling block of no mean proportions. I allude 
to the method of American druggists of basing their charge more upon 
the quantity ordered-the size of the bottle, if you please-than upon 
the value of the ingredients prescribed. When among the Romans we 
are advised to do as the Romans do; so I began experimenting, with 
the object of pleasing all parties concerned, so that the patient could 
22 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
have the medicine ordered at a reasonable expense, and still comply with 
the popular pharmaceutical requirements. My solution of the problem 
was to have compounded together the active agents, and let the patient 
furnish the pint bottle, the water, and make the required dilution. I 
have found this method, without exception, to be highly satisfactory, 
and additional advantages have been attained beyond the primary object. 
In this way my druggist makes up one quart at a time; I am assured 
of the purity of the component parts, and the invariable uniformity of 
the medicine the patient receives, as only the best chemicals are used. 
I will now give the formula and process, and take the privilege of 
giving the compound a name which seems to be the most fully de- 
scriptive : 
5 Sodas bicarb. Merck, c. p 
Sodae bibor. Squibb aa 3 ii 
Listerine Oss 
Glycerine, c. p Oiss 
MIXTURE DOBELL-PYNCHON. 
First mix and triturate the two salts, and place same in a one- 
gallon bottle, adding one-half of the quantity of glycerine; then let 
stand 24 hours, uncorked, with frequent agitations. Next add the 
remainder of the glycerine, and continue agitations for another 24 
hours, with bottle uncorked, as before. Lastly add the Listerine, and 
let stand 24 hours longer, when it is ready for use. By the admixture 
of the glycerine with the salts, a "foaming" is produced, which means a 
liberation of carbonic acid gas, and the production of a glycerole. In 
its use, it is designed that each ounce of this mixture shall be diluted 
with water to one pint, which will then contain 30 grains each of 
borax and soda; Listerine, two drachms, and glycerine, six drachms, 
making a bland and pleasant solution, with a specific gravity of 1015. 
For office use it is my standard alkaline spray; though for use as a 
spray I am particular to dilute with distilled water. 
It is not expected that the small amount of Listerine added will 
give any particular degree of antiseptic property. It is used principally 
as a flavor, and to increase the quantity above the six drachms of 
glycerine, to one ounce. Listerine is the best flavoring agent I can find, 
and it is a handsome tribute to its valuable aromatic and pungent prop- 
erties, when so small a quantity as two drachms will, to an appreciable 
degree, flavor one pint. 
In writing the prescription for the patient, instead of taking the 
23 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
time and trouble to write out the entire formula, I simply order the 
mixture by name, thus saving for myself much time. The patient, like- 
wise, is a saver of time, as it takes but a moment or two for the druggist 
to fill the prescription; while if extemporaneously prepared, an half hour 
or more would be required. I write as follows: 
5 Mxt. D.-P $ । 
Sig.: Add to aqua Oi, then sniff 3i every hour. 
I am careful to give patients directions as to its use, as follows: 
"While standing, pour not to exceed one teaspoonful of the 
dilution in the palm of the hand. Next, hold hand about two feet 
above floor, and stoop until medicine can be sniffed in both nostrils at 
the same time. After this, use handkerchief, but blow very gently.* * 
After the use of the nasal solution, I direct them to gargle the 
throat, generally with a weak solution of the chlorate of potash, and 
to thus repeat the solution and gargle, every hour. I prescribe this as a 
routine treatment for home use, the patient meantime being made to 
understand that this gives only temporary relief while being used, and 
that its object is chiefly to prepare the nasal passages for the surgical 
steps which must follow from time to time, and upon which the only 
hope for cure can be placed. During the entire course of treatment 
the patient is directed to continue the sniffing and gargling every hour 
or two, which, by the way, is equally as effective in controlling inflam- 
mation after operations, as in preparing the passages at first. By 
stooping well forward, and sniffing as directed, the solution enters all 
three of the meatuses, and thus has a beneficial effect upon the entire 
Schneiderian membrane, while, owing to the small quantity each time 
employed, there is no danger of its entering the eustachian tubes. In 
a laige experience, for the past seven years, in both clinical and private 
practice, with this method of treatment I have invariably met with 
favorable results, but I insist upon the exact following of directions. 
I greatly prefer the sniffing as described, to the use of an atomizer, and 
reserve this instrument exclusively for medicated alboline sprays. 
The advantage of stooping has been emphasized by T. F. Rum- 
bold,v of St. Louis, he having recommended the use of a solution of 
common salt, one drachm to the pint of warm water, of which "one 
to three handfuls" were to be sniffed several times a day. I can easily 
. Measures for Chronic Catarrhal Inflammation 
of the Nose, Throat and Ears, St. Louis, 1880, Vol. I, pp. 68-76. 
24 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
appreciate a danger in using so large a quantity, and my experience 
with salt, in hypertrophic conditions, has not been favorable. 
Other great advantages in the concentration for patients who are 
traveling, are its compactness and portability, and the fact that as small 
a quantity as is desired can be prepared; for example, half a drachm 
of the mixture, to one ounce of water. 
While in hypertrophic conditions the intention is to add one ounce 
of the mixture to a pint of water, in some cases, when beginning treat- 
ment, owing to hypersensitiveness, I direct a still greater dilution to a 
point of perfect tolerance. In atrophic forms of nasal trouble, or if 
ozena be present, I add to the mixture a proper amount of carbolic 
acid, and sometimes, for a short time, to secure greater stimulation, in- 
crease the strength by adding more than one ounce of the mixture to 
the pint of water. For example: 
B Phenol 5 iss 
Mxt. D.-P ad 5 ii M. 
Sig.: Add to aqua Oi, and sniff 3i-3ii every hour. 
In the atrophic form more than one drachm may be safely advised. 
After a very short time, the phenol can be dispensed with, and the 
strength reduced to the usual amount of one ounce to the pint. 
The practicability and convenience of this mixture will appeal 
to the country practitioner or to the physician to whom a drug store 
is not conveniently near. 
J. W. Singleton, M. D., Paducah, Ky. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINION. 
Ex-President S. W. Kentucky Medical Association. 
"I have used Listerine in many diseases in which carbolic acid and 
other antiseptics are commonly prescribed, and, I must say, with great 
satisfaction. As an antiseptic alterative, internally administered, I con- 
sider it a very valuable therapeutic agent. In chronic ulceration of the 
nasal passages (catarrhal or otherwise), the listerinized solution, by 
injection, spray, or brush, is a most excellent remedy. 
"In the suppurative stage of burns and scalds, I have had the most 
pleasant and happy effects to follow its use. In post-partum irrigation 
I now regard Listerine as almost indispensable to the comfort and safety 
of lying-in women. 
"I think Listerine well worthy of adoption by the profession gener- 
ally as the remedy in all cases in which carbolized injections are usually 
ordered, for, in my humble opinion, it really has all the virtues of carbolic 
acid, with none of its poisonous evils and dangers." 
25 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
W. Cheatham, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Clinical Lecturer on Diseases of the Eye, Ear and Throat, University 
of Louisville. 
"I can speak highly of Listerine as a disinfectant in catarrhal affec- 
tions and ozena. I have tried it thoroughly, and am much pleased with it." 
L. J. Hammond, M. D., Philadelphia. 
Assistant Surgeon to the Ear Dispensary, University of Pennsylvania; 
Physician to the Philadelphia Dispensary. 
"As inflammations of the middle ear are generally the result of an 
extension of inflammation from the naso-pharynx, treatment of these 
surfaces should be instituted from the onset of the attack. The nose and 
throat should be thoroughly cleansed with an alkaline solution, such as 
Dobell's solution, or: 
ly Listerine f 5 i 
Glycerini f 3 iii 
Sodii bicarb . 
Sodii biborat aa 3 jss 
Aquae q. s. ad. f 3 iv M. 
Sig.: f 3 i in f 3 ii warm water snuffed up the nose, and as a gargle 
for the throat, three times daily. 
"The latter I have found very useful in removing the muco-purulent 
discharge from the naso-pharynx. If in a child, it can be used by inject- 
ing it through the nasal fossae with a syringe."-Medical and Surgical 
Reporter, May 31, 1890. 
E. Fletcher Ingals, A. M., M. D., Chicago, Ill. 
Professor of Diseases of the Chest and Physical Diagnosis, Rush Medical 
College, and Woman's Medical College, Chicago, III., etc. 
"Listerine is certainly a very elegant preparation, and I use it with 
much satisfaction. I find it peculiarly adapted to those cases where the 
odor or constitutional effects of carbolic acid are objectionable." 
Percy Norcop, M. D., F. R. C. S.» Asheville, N. C. 
Formerly Surgical Dresser to Professor Lister. 
"In my specialty on diseases of throat and air passages, I have found 
Listerine of great value. As an internal antiseptic, it is non-irritating, and 
forms an excellent substitute for carbolic acid." 
J. A. Thacker, A. M., M. D., Cincinnati, O. 
Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine, Fellow of the Royal 
Microscopical Society, London, England. 
"Quite recently we commenced to treat by douche a case of nasal 
catarrh of several years' standing, with Listerine one ounce, alum one 
drachm, water one pint. The affection showing rapid improvement, we 
directed the omission of the alum and increased the strength of the 
Listerine solution. A complete cure is now the result." 
26 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
THE TREATMENT 
OF 
WHOOPING-COUGH. 
A Clinical Lecture at Philadelphia Hospital, 
By John M. Keating, M. D. 
Gentlemen: I shall today say a few words in reference to the 
treatment of whooping-cough. Special attention has been attracted to 
the therapeutics of this disease since the discovery by Burger, of a 
peculiar granular matter in the sputum of whooping-cough, which has 
been termed the bacillus pertussis. This announcement has excited 
renewed interest in the treatment of this affection, for, if it be proven, 
it will alter almost completely the ordinary treatment of this disease. 
Dr. Jenkins, the resident physician, has prepared for your in- 
spection some slides which are now under the microscope. The sputum 
was placed on the glass and dried over the flame of a Bunsen burner 
in order to coagulate the albumen. It was then stained with methyl- 
violet, thoroughly washed and mounted. 
You will note the irregular biscuit-shaped corpuscular bodies. 
These are supposed to be the cause of the disease, but as yet they have 
not been successfully inoculated. 
It is hardly necessary to enter into a detailed account of the 
history of whooping-cough. Suflice it to say that it has three stages: 
the first being that of any ordinary catarrh. In the second stage there 
is abundant secretion of mucus, which is freer than in any other affec- 
tion. This interferes greatly with respiration, and has much to do in 
exciting the cough. In the third stage drying takes place, and the 
paroxysms diminish in number, but not in intensity. Finally the nervous 
element alone remains and this gradually dies away. When not inter- 
27 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
fered with by treatment, it lasts about three months. Among the 
Japanese the name applied to this affection signifies "the hundred days 
cough." At the present time there are methods of treatment by which 
its course can be materially shortened. 
Whooping-cough is subject to many serious complications, espe- 
cially complications resulting from the extension of the inflammation 
downward into the air passages. It is nearly always accompanied with 
bronchitis, which may result in pneumonia of the catarrhal variety. 
There is another serious complication which is due io the excessive ex- 
piratory efforts in coughing with obstruction of the larynx from mucus, 
and this is an emphysematous condition of the lung. If forcible expi- 
ration occurs while the larynx is occluded, dilatation of the air cells 
necessarily takes place, and if this distension is repeated, rupture of the 
partitions of the air vesicles occurs and emphysema results. The older 
the child the less is the danger of permanent trouble. In addition to 
these there are certain cerebral complications which are liable to occur. 
There is intense venous congestion and even rupture of capillaries, with 
effusion of blood. Clotting sometimes takes place in the cerebral sinus 
and jugular vein. 
If whooping-cough be analyzed, it is found to present two ele- 
ments: one is the catarrhal element which, of course, affects the mucous 
membrane; the other is the nervous element and is very distinct, and it 
is this that gives rise to the paroxysms. These paroxysms, like the 
attacks of epilepsy, tend to their own cure. During the paroxysms the 
blood is almost entirely on the venous side of the circulation, and the 
anaesthetic effect of the carbonized blood on the cerebral centers relieves 
the attack. 
The latest authorities believe that whooping-cough is a specific 
disease, due to the presence of a microscopic parasite, entering by means 
of the mucous membrane of the air passages. Some of the facts point- 
ing in this direction are that it is one of the most contagious diseases 
of childhood; it runs a definite course; it occurs at all times of life, 
but one attack almost certainly protects from another. Why this is 
the case we are no more able to explain than we are in the case of the 
exanthemata, to which class it seems to belong. It is supposed by 
some that pertussis has a hardening effect on the mucous membrane 
of the larynx, which prevents the microbes of the disease from being 
absorbed. Whether the microscopical germs which have been described, 
28 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
are or are not the cause of whooping-cough, is a question to be decided 
in the future. We know that the affection is due to something which 
can be carried from one to another; the question whether the symp- 
toms of whooping-cough are due to the action of this peculiar material 
on the surface of the larynx, or whether it has first to be absorbed and 
exerts its influence through the nervous centers, can not be positively 
answered. Personally, I am of the opinion that the poison may first 
get on the mucous membrane of the larynx, be taken up and act on the 
cerebral centers. I believe this from several cases which have been 
reported, one of which was seen by myself, in which whooping-cough 
had been contracted in utero. Nevertheless, careful examinations of 
the blood, which have been especially conducted by Dolan, who has 
written an extremely interesting monograph upon this subject, have 
failed to reveal anything looking like the germ. 
The child which I have brought before you today affords a 
marked example of this disease. Yesterday he had twenty-four severe 
paroxysms. I call your attention to the condition of the eyes, which 
show the effect of the marked strain. The eyes are watery, the sur- 
rounding cellular tissues infiltrated, and they have dark rings about 
them. This is one of the characteristics of whooping-cough. Where it 
is as marked as in the present instance, the diagnosis can almost be 
made from it alone. There are other points in the appearance of those 
with whooping-cough which are often referred to. One of these is the 
ulcer under the tongue. The presence of this ulcer has been denied at 
times, while at other times its presence has been acknowledged. The 
ulcer appears under the tongue on either side of the fraenum, and is 
usually found at the height of the attack. It is due to the forcible ex- 
pulsion of the tongue, which comes in contact with the lower incisors. 
It is, however, said to have been found in cases in which the teeth have 
not protruded. The examinations made in this house show that the 
ulcer is sometimes present and sometimes absent. Where it is found, 
its presence constitutes a valuable evidence of whooping-cough, but if 
absent the idea of whooping-cough is not excluded. At one time the 
presence of sugar in the urine was considered almost conclusive evi- 
dence of the presence of whooping-cough. It was supposed to be due 
to irritation of the respiratory center, which we know will produce 
glycosuria. Examination of the urine of children suffering with whoop- 
ing-cough reveals the presence of sugar in but few of the cases. 
29 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
The only real evidences of whooping-cough are the history of 
exposure to contagion and the presence of the whoop, although this 
latter is not necessary, for whooping-cough may exist with simply a 
violent spasmodic cough, but presenting no characteristic whoop. 
As regards treatment, let me say, in the first place, that if left 
alone, mild whooping-cough usually ends in recovery, unless one of the 
complications supervene. Previous to the last five or six years the 
treatment has consisted almost entirely in the use of antispasmodics. It 
was considered that the disease chiefly affected the nervous system, and 
therefore such remedies as asafoetida and belladonna were employed, 
associated with external counter-irritation. Recent investigations have 
shown, as I have already stated, the presence of the supposed whooping- 
cough germ, and this has led to the treatment with antiseptics, which 
has proved so efficacious that I propose to speak of it. 
It has long been the custom to send children suffering with whoop- 
ing-cough to the vicinity of gas works, and this has been of service. 
The relief can probably be attributed to the presence of tar; the use of 
carbolic acid now does this. 
We shall begin the study of the treatment of this affection by 
considering the influence of oxygen. In Germany the inhalation of 
oxygen has been recommended especially by Niemeyer, and is said to 
be valuable. Here we use oxygen in the form of fresh air. Strange 
to say, that although fresh air is considered so beneficial in this disease, 
I find, in looking over the mortality tables, that the death rate in the 
Southern States is as great, if not greater, than it is in the Northern 
States. This is probably due to the fact that the large mortality occurs in 
rickety and cachectic children, and that the children are often exposed to 
inclement weather, inducing complications. At the same time the good 
effect of the soft, balmy air of the sea, air saturated with moisture and 
the chlorides, is undoubted. The paroxysms are diminished in number 
and intensity, and the complications are warded off. 
The next agent to which I shall refer is the steam spray. In some 
hospitals an attachment is made to the steam heaters, so that a room can 
be filled with steam. In private practice steam may be obtained by 
slacking lime in the apartment, or, more conveniently, by the use of the 
steam atomizer. If the child remains in the city, he should have the 
range of several rooms well ventilated and kept at a uniform temperature. 
The air should be moistened with steam from a kettle on the stove (and 
30 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
each room should have this heat). The atomizer is- also useful for the 
application of medicated solutions to the larynx. There are several 
of these solutions which may be employed. Carbolic acid is an ex- 
tremely valuable one. The good effect of the carbolic acid is probably 
due to the direct action of the remedy on the mucous membrane of the 
larynx. It is analgesic and is also supposed to act on the germ of the 
disease. The probability is that the local anaesthetic effect is the one 
which is obtained. Dobell's solution is perhaps the best means of 
applying this drug. It may be prepared according to the following 
formula: 
5 Acidi carbolici (cryst.) grs. iij 
Sodii biboratis 
Sodii bicarb aa grs. xx 
Glycerin® 5 j 
Aquae 3 v - Solve. 
This can be used with the spray and diminishes the tenacity of the 
mucus, favors its expulsion, and exerts a beneficial action on the 
paroxysms. 
Another remedy, which has been used with good effect in this way, 
is the oil of eucalyptus, or eucalyptol. Quinine may also be used in 
the same way, but its bitter taste renders it objectionable for use with 
the spray, and it is better given in syrup or in the form of a powder. 
Thymol is certainly a valuable agent in this affection. It is, as is well 
known, a powerful antiseptic, second only to corrosive sublimate, and is 
supposed to act directly on the germs. The following prescription can 
be used with the atomizer: 
Thymol grs. xv 
Alcoholis 3 iij 
Glycerin® 5 ss 
Aqu® 3 xxxiv - Solve. 
Corrosive sublimate, which is now used for almost everything, has 
also been applied here in the form of the spray. This is a dangerous 
drug to put into the hands of an inexperienced person, and as we have 
so many other useful remedies for this affection, I think it wise to avoid 
the use of corrosive sublimate. Listerine I have used extensively with 
good results in the treatment of whooping-cough. I employ it in the 
strength of one drachm to two ounces of water, with an ordinary hand 
atomizer. I direct the nurse to apply it a dozen or more times a day. 
31 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
and find that little children, even babies, do not object to it. To it I 
add tincture of belladonna, potassium carbonate, or ammonium bromide, 
as the case may demand. The muriate of ammonia is also of great 
service in the form of the spray. Probably if it were not for the great 
expense of the drug, the hydrochlorate of cocaine would be valuable in 
these cases. I have used a spray of the fluid extract of coca with, I 
think, good results. 
When the paroxysms of whooping-cough become very violent, the 
inhalation of a few drops of ether or chloroform is to be recommended. 
A few drops of chloroform may be placed on the hand or on a hand- 
kerchief and the child allowed to inhale it. It is safer to use ether, 
which is equally efficient. If at the same time the child is turned on its 
stomach, the mucus will escape by the mouth and the paroxysm will 
be relieved. 
I shall next speak of the use of emetics. The severe paroxysms 
of this affection are usually brought about by the accumulation of thick, 
tenacious mucus in the larynx, and the emetics act by bringing this 
away. The emetics ordinarily used in this affection are ipecac, alum 
and the sulphate of copper, the latter being recommended very highly by 
Trousseau. Alum is probably the best. It acts in several ways. In 
the first place it produces emesis with the expulsion of the mucus in the 
throat. It also acts directly on the mucus, coagulating it into small 
pieces and facilitates its expulsion. This is considered as valuable as 
its emetic effect. If it is desired to produce vomiting, it should be 
given in doses of a fourth or half a teaspoonful, with syrup or honey, 
and this should be repeated until emesis is produced. The action of 
the emetic should be facilitated by placing the child on its stomach 
with the head lowered, so as to invite the arterial flow to the head and 
relieve the paroxysms. 
We next have to speak of the use of those sedatives which act 
primarily on the nervous system. It is stated by certain authorities that 
the disease can be cut short by such remedies as belladonna, bromide 
of potassium and sulphate of quinia. I would place belladonna first of 
all. This has been used for a long time in the treatment of whooping- 
cough. It must be borne in mind while using this drug, that children 
stand a proportionately larger dose than adults. It has usually been 
given in the form of a tincture of belladonna, but recently it has been 
recommended to use the sulphate of atropia in small doses frequently re- 
32 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
peated. Belladonna has two effects. It relieves the spasmodic cough 
and acts on the mucous membrane of the larynx, drying its surface. 
The beginning dose of atropia should be the 1-200th of a grain, and 
increased until dilatation of the pupil is produced, watching carefully 
the effects. It has also been recommended to give atropia by hypo- 
dermic injection. 
After belladonna come the bromides, which are quite useful. 
These also act in two ways. They exert a local effect on the mucous 
membrane of the larynx, and also have a sedative action on the nervous 
system. The bromides of ammonium, of potassium and of sodium are 
those most frequently used. The bromide of ammonium acts more 
directly on the mucous membrane of the larynx as an analgesic, and it 
is said to act more efficiently when given by inhalation. The bromide 
of potassium has more of an antispasmodic effect. They can be used 
together. 
Chloral is also very valuable in these cases, and it may be given 
at night in order to enable the child to rest, or it may be given in a 
smaller dose several times a day. For a child one year old the dose 
would be two grains at bedtime or one grain repeated three times a 
day. In my hands this has proven itself a most valuable remedy. Some 
are afraid to use it on account of its supposed depressing action on the 
heart. In children, by giving a smaller dose, a good effect can be 
obtained without danger. My own opinion is that it is only in old 
cases, in which the heart has suffered strain, that any dangerous effect 
need be apprehended from this remedy. 
Hydrobromic acid has also been found of service, for it acts like 
the bromides and has the effect of drying up secretion. It is frequently 
used for this purpose in old cases of chronic bronchitis and bronchorrhoea. 
The dilute hydrobromic acid may be given in ten or fifteen drop doses 
every two or three hours, or it may be given in one large dose at bed- 
time, to enable the child to rest. Minute doses of morphia have also 
been used to relieve the paroxysms, but this I rather object to. 
Some time ago, Binz of Bonn came out in an article which was 
afterwards endorsed by Dawson of New York, recommending quinia 
most highly in the treatment of whooping-cough. The results of our 
experiments in this house have shown the efficiency of this drug in many 
cases. It has been found by experiment that the quinine must come 
directly in contact with the mucous membrane of the larynx. It has 
33 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
been applied by means of a powder containing the muriate or sulphate 
of quinia with bicarbonate of sodium and powdered acacia, which is 
blown into the larynx through a quill. My own plan is to give it sus- 
pended in the syrup of yerba santa, which is one of the best vehicles for 
disguising the taste of quinine. It is necessary to use a less soluble 
salt of quinine; for if the bisulphate is employed, an extremely bitter 
mixture will be the result. 
The following formula may be used: 
5 Quiniae sulph grs. viij 
Syr. yerbae santae 
Aquae aa j ss 
Sig.: One drachm represents one grain. 
When given for this disease, the quinine must be pushed to large 
doses, giving it frequently during the day. 
In addition to administering drugs to act directly on the throat, 
large doses of alkali, as the carbonate of potassium, may be given 
with the object of liquefying the mucus and promoting expectoration. 
Where the amount of mucus is excessive, the bronchial tubes choked up 
and the child has great difficulty in breathing, especially if there is a 
little fever and auscultation reveals all sorts of rales throughout the 
chest, it has been recommended that small does of tartar emetic should 
be given. One-fourth of a grain of tartar emetic may be dissolved in 
four ounces of water, and a teaspoonful given every hour until the diffi- 
culty is relieved. It is often astonishing how soon this will afford relief. 
A few drops of compound syrup of squills, which contain tartar emetic, 
may also be given with the same object. , 
Astringents have also been found to be of service in this disease. 
For this purpose alum may be employed, which not only has the effect 
already mentioned, but also acts as an astringent. Watson, many years 
ago, recommended that the throat should be painted with a solution of 
nitrate of silver, but the application is difficult. 
Murrell of London has used drosera rotundifolia. A few drops 
of the tincture are put in a glass of water and used during the day. 
Albrecht has used muriate of pilocarpine, which promotes free 
expectoration and diminishes the tenacity of the mucus. 
Benzoate of sodium has also been employed in doses of two or 
three grains three or four times a day. 
34 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES, 
Salicylic acid has been found of service by some. Its beneficial 
effect is attributed to its action on the mucous membrane. 
In Germany, sulphur, rubbed up with a little syrup, is used exten- 
sively; in fact, in some parts of Germany this is the only treatment 
employed. 
Among other things which have been used may be mentioned tinc- 
ture of catharides, in very small and frequently repeated doses well 
diluted; infusion of chestnut leaves in the proportion of one of the fresh 
leaves to a pint of water, and the patient allowed to drink freely of it; 
also ergot. 
The picrate of ammonium is another substance which is supposed 
to act on the germs. It has been given in the dose of one-twentieth of a 
grain four or five times a day. 
In Europe the use of calomel has been revived-small doses, with 
bicarbonate of sodium and sugar of milk, being placed on the tongue. 
It is supposed to act directly on the mucous membrane while being 
swallowed. 
Lastly I speak of counter-irritation. This is an important meas- 
ure. A well known application consists of croton oil, oil of amber 
and oil of cloves. These oils may be mixed with soap liniment or sweet 
oil and rubbed on the neck or chest three times a day, afterwards cover- 
ing the surface with oiled silk. 
There are so many remedies recommended in the treatment of this 
disease, that we are sometimes at a loss to know how to begin the 
treatment. In an ordinary case the use of the spray is of great im- 
portance, and no case should be treated without it. With the spray 
may be applied sor>e one of the remedies already referred to, using 
them in succession until one is found which has a good effect. Listerine, 
as I have stated, more generally answers my purpose. Small doses of 
belladonna with alum and bicarbonate of potash may be given during 
the day to act on the mucus and relieve the paroxysms, and at night a 
dose of some sedative should be administered to promote sleep. Fre- 
quently an enema of § j of lac asafoetida will be sufficient. To this 
should be added the use of a counter-irritant as already recommended. 
You should see that the child's bowels are regularly open by 
incorporating fruit with the diet, such as stewed apples or pears or 
prunes, or an orange before breakfast. Possibly it may be necessary 
occasionally to give some laxative, such as Philips' milk of magnesia, 
35 LISTERINE IN RESPIRATORY DISEASES. 
the syrup of rhamus purshiana, or once in awhile a dose of castor oil. 
If the bronchitis be at all severe, the lungs should be carefully 
watched, and flaxseed meal poultices or flannels wrung out of hot water, 
and covered with oiled silk, be applied. In milder cases, a cotton or 
woolen jacket (carded wool) is to be preferred. When possible, cod- 
liver oil should be administered, or it may be used in liniment form. 
As to diet, the most nourishing and easily digested food taken is of 
course the best. The vomiting may be severe, owing to the constant 
gagging from the cough. Peptonized milk or gruels, beef peptones, 
meat jellies, broths and eggs, are the most useful. Milk punch should 
not be omitted.-Medical News, Philadelphia, February 28, 1 885. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Chas. Oscar Hawkins, M. D., Brooklyn, N. Y. 
"In the treatment of catarrh, I have never used any remedial means 
or agent that has given me as much satisfaction as Listerine. I order as 
a douche twice daily, one part Listerine diluted with eight parts warm 
water." 
Q. C. Smith, M. D., Austin, Texas. 
"The mode of administering remedies for the relief of pulmonary 
ailments by inhalation is familiar to all, and has been practiced from 
very ancient times, and numerous substances have been used in this 
manner, with more or less benefit. 
"Of the many inhalant remedies we have used for the relief of laryn- 
geal phthisis, the following is very efficient, and one of the best: 
5 Beechwood creosote gtt. ii 
Oil sassafras 3 j 
Lactic acid 3 ij 
Listerine 5 ij 
Alcohol q. s. ft. f 3 iv M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful in two ounces o^ warm water. 
"Use as a spray for the throat, inhaling deeply as possible, five to ten 
minutes at a time, every one to three hours during the day, and when 
awake at night. 
"This is a powerful deodorizing remedy. In gangrene of the lung 
we have seen astonishingly good results obtained by its faithful use."- 
Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
Bernard Tauber, M. D., Cincinnati, O. 
"Am pleased with the effects of Listerine in diseases of the throat 
and nose. In diseases of the upper air passages, where antiseptics are 
indicated, I find it a good substitute for carbolic acid, thymol, phenol, etc., 
also possessing another advantage, the freedom from all unpleasant odor." 
36 LISTERINE IN ZYMOTIC DISEASES. 
Locally, Listerine, alone or in combination with other drugs, may 
be used to spray the throat and fauces, to di- 
minish the danger of septic absorption; similar 
treatment, for the prophylaxis of zymosis, is also successfully practiced 
for the attendant of the patient, and for those who are more or less 
exposed to infection. For this purpose, Listerine one part, water seven 
parts, forms an excellent spray and gargle. 
Diphtheria. 
The following formula is used at Harper Hospital, Detroit, as 
local treatment for diphtheria (yide article by Dr. H. J. Meyer in 
Medical Age, issue of January 25, 1899): 
5 Listerine I part 
Hydrogen peroxide i part 
Liquor calcis 2, 4 or 8 parts. M. 
Sig.: Gargle or irrigate, every one, two or four hours, pro re nata. 
Listerine is especially applicable to the treatment of scarlet fever, 
and measles. It may be freely used, as a 
mouth and throat wash, or by means of the 
spray apparatus, diluted with five to twelve parts water. When inunc- 
tions of the body are directed, to allay the burning and itching of the 
skin, "Listerine Emollient," an ointment made by mixing equal parts 
of lanolin, Listerine, olive oil and cold cream, well answers the usual 
requirements. (See page 45.) 
Scarlet Fever, 
Measles. 
In the treatment of smallpox, local applications of Listerine, 
diluted with one or more parts of water, have 
proved highly beneficial. In the secondary stage 
of smallpox, a mixture of equal parts of Listerine and glycerine, forms 
an excellent dressing for the face and hands; it is wonderfully cooling, 
and almost entirely prevents the excessive itching and irritation. 
Smallpox. 
37 LISTERINE IN ZYMOTIC DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Quarantine, Smallpox Hospital. 
St. Louis, January 31, 1882. 
The use of the antiseptic Listerine in our service at the Quarantine 
Smallpox Hospital, has been highly beneficial. Locally, we apply it in 
different solutions, under different conditions, generally I part Listerine, 
1 part water. In the secondary stage of smallpox, a combination of half 
Listerine, half glycerine, forms an excellent dressing for the face and 
hands; it cools wonderfully, and almost entirely prevents the excessive 
and annoying itching and irritation. 
In very malignant cases of variola, secondary abscesses frequently 
form; after having opened these, we put our patients in a bath, adding to 
it one bottle Listerine, with, we admit, remarkable success. We also 
obtain excellent results with Listerine in decubitus sores, which so fre- 
quently occur with patients suffering long confinement to bed. 
Its agreeable odor makes it peculiarly valuable as a disinfectant for 
the hands and person of the practitioner, and when sprayed throughout 
the sick-room, or around the bed clothing, affords additional relief to 
the patient. 
Our experience justifies us in recommending this pharmaceutical 
preparation to the profession as the best and most pleasant antiseptic we 
employ, and we consider it far superior to carbolic acid, both in effects 
and odor, also possessing the great advantage of being non-poisonous and 
unirritating. 
F. O. Kauffmann, M. D., 
Joseph Grindon, M. D., 
Physicians at St. Louis Quarantine and Smallpox Hospital. 
J. H. Stringfellow, M. D., St. Joseph, Mo. 
Professor of Hygiene, Northwestern Medical College, St. Joseph, Mo. 
"I have been prescribing preventive medicine for diphtheria for 
many years and have never had a second case develop. When diphtheria 
appears I have made it a constant practice to put all those exposed to 
infection upon Listerine, taken in drachm doses at each meal; and during 
the three years of la grippe, I ordered my family and all my friends' 
families to use it after each meal, as long as there were any cases in our 
city. I did not once fail in preventing both diphtheria and la grippe when 
Listerine was taken faithfully. In several instances persons being called 
from home neglected the Listerine preventive treatment, and returned in 
a week or two with la grippe, fully developed. I believe that the only 
safe quarantine against cholera is to quarantine the alimentary tract, and 
for this purpose I shall trust to Listerine; it will prevent diphtheria and 
la grippe, and I feel sure it will prove equally efficient in the preventive 
treatment of cholera." 
38 LISTERINE IN ZYMOTIC DISEASES. 
Since Listerine was first introduced to the profession, it has been 
variously used in all forms of fever, as an ad- 
juvant, and as an important part of treatment. 
Administered as an alterative antiseptic, diluted 
half and half, or one part to four, in teaspoonful doses, every two to 
six hours, Listerine improves the condition of the stomach for the re- 
ception of nourishment, and tends to the relief of intestinal distention. 
It is admirable to introduce in the sponging and bathing so often advo- 
cated in typhoid conditions, and as a mouth-wash and gargle, during the 
whole period of confinement. In all cases of fever, where the patient 
suffers so greatly from the parched condition of the mouth, nothing 
seems to afford so much relief as a mouth-wash made by adding a tea- 
spoonful of Listerine to a glass of water, which may be used ad libitum. 
Sprinkled over handkerchiefs, garments, and the bed linen of fever cases, 
or diffused throughout the atmosphere by means of the spray apparatus, 
Listerine has proved highly efficient, as a deodorizer and disinfectant 
for the sick-room. 
That the Medical Department of our Army and Navy thoroughly 
appreciates the usefulness, and antiseptic value of Listerine, has been 
clearly evidenced by the heavy shipments of iron-bound cases of Lis- 
terine, which have formed such an important part of the cargoes of 
medical supplies hurried forward to Manila for use by the Army of 
the Philippines. 
The unfavorable climatic conditions under which the troops oper- 
ate in the newly-acquired insular possessions, give rise to various 
endemic diseases of zymotic origin, frequently of grave character, and 
invariably of stubborn resistance. The antizymotic properties of Lis- 
terine; its inhibitory antiseptic power, and its non-poisonous nature, 
together with its record of usefulness in the Red Cross Service in 
South Africa, stamp it as being the logical antiseptic for the prophylaxis, 
as well as remedial treatment, of these diseases. 
Typhoid and 
Malarial Fevers, 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Extracts from the stenographic reports of addresses to the 
Toronto Clinical Society, and Canadian Medical Association 
By Lieut.-Colonel G. Sterling Ryerson, M. D. 
Lately British and Canadian Red Cross Commissioner with Lord Roberts' 
Headquarters in South Africa. 
The epidemic of enteric fever which raged in South Africa can be 
traced to the three months the army lay at. Modder River. The treat- 
ment was practically the treatment which is adopted in Toronto, and 
everywhere else. Disinfection of the bowel, either by means of Listerine 
or boric acid, taken internally, or enemata, were considered in many 
cases to be remarkably successful. 
Dysentery was another very prevalent disease, and you heard of a 
great many men affected with this disease where they merely had ordinary 
39 LISTERINE IN ZYMOTIC DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
diarrhea. Dr. Ryerson said that during his service as surgeon with the 
troops engaged in the suppression of the Northwest Rebellion in 1885, he 
had observed the good effect of several drachm doses of Listerine, in 
treating camp diarrhea and dysentery, caused by drinking the alkali water 
of the plains. 
James M. Holloway, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Professor of the Principles and Practice of Surgery and Clinical Surgery, 
Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville. 
"My brief experience with Listerine has been satisfactory. One case 
of very obstinate and offensive nasal catarrh has been much benefitted by 
its use, after various other well-known remedies had been tried in vain. 
An aggravated case of diphtheritic sore throat was attended by such 
intense nausea and pain that other remedies could not be swallowed, and 
other gargles could not be tolerated. The Listerine was given, and not 
only retained, but followed by amelioration of the distressing symptoms. 
As a dentifrice, it is not only effectual as a cleanser and sweetener of 
the mouth, but it is decidedly pleasant in taste." 
The Louisville Medical News says editorially: 
"We have recently seen the happy effect of Listerine in the tympanites 
of typhoid fever. The Listerine was mixed with an equal quantity of 
water, and, thus diluted, was given in doses of a teaspoonful every two 
hours. The medicine was agreeable to the patient, and the intestinal dis- 
tention was promptly relieved." 
Scott Russell, M. D., Mechanicsville, Iowa. 
"I was induced to employ Listerine by reading the article on Scarlet 
Fever, by Dr. J. Lewis Smith, in Pepper's System of Medicine. It is 
the best restorative remedy I have yet found in diseases of the mucous 
surfaces. I employ it in my typhoid fever cases, in teaspoonful doses 
every six hours. It promptly destroys all bad odor and taste, and is very 
grateful to the patient." 
J. Lewis Smith, M. D., New York City. 
Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children, in Bellevue Hospital Medical 
College; Physician to the New York Foundling Asylum; 
Physician to the New York Infant Asylum, etc. 
"The ingredients of Listerine are vegetable antiseptics, which are 
destructive to microbic life upon any of the surfaces to which they are 
applied; hence, in the treatment of the infectious maladies attended by 
inflammation of those surfaces which are accessible, as in scarlet fever, 
diphtheria and pertussis, Listerine may, if correctly used, be a useful 
remedy, not only for its agreeable properties, but still more for its de- 
structive action on microbes. 
"In such cases I expect to continue to use Listerine."-Dietetic Gazette. 
40 LISTERINE IN DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR. 
The same satisfactory results which follow the use of Listerine 
in all sub-acute and chronic inflammations of the mucous membranes, 
(whether urethral, vaginal, nasal or pharyngeal) are attained by its 
judicious employment upon the more sensitive surfaces of the eye and 
ear. 
Preceded by the cleansing of the membrane, with a solution of 
chloride of sodium, Listerine has proved of great 
service in all cases of muco-purulent or purulent 
conjunctivitis. If the period of active pus for- 
mation has continued for two days or more, the undiluted Listerine may 
be dropped into the eye every four hours. In those forms, observed in 
infants, showing a tendency to the formation of pseudo-membrane, Lis- 
terine is especially valuable. 
A weak solution of Listerine affords great relief from the heated, 
burning sensation. The scaly, sandy exfoliation 
of the margins of the lids, and the shedding 
of eyelashes is checked, and the constant suc- 
cession of minute styes arrested. 
Listerine is largely resorted to in the treatment of diseases of both 
the middle and external ear, according to the 
varied views of the operators. Many precede 
the "dry treatment" by the gentle cleansing of the parts with Listerine, 
slightly warm, or Listerine and tepid water, equal parts. As inflam- 
mations of the middle ear are generally the result of an extension of 
inflammation from the naso-pharynx, treatment of these surfaces should 
be instituted from the onset of the attack. The nose and throat should 
be thoroughly cleansed with an alkaline solution, such as: 
Purulent 
Conjunctivitis. 
Granular 
Eyelids. 
Otorrhoea. 
Listerine 5 J 
Glycerinum 3 iij 
Sodii bicarbonas 
Sodii boras aa 3 jss 
Aqua destil q. s. ad 3 iv M. 
Sig.: One part of the solution, in two parts of warm water, snuffed 
up the nose, and as a gargle for the throat, three times daily. 
41 LISTERINE IN DISEASES OF THE EYE AND EAR. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Dudley S. Reynolds, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Professor of General Pathology and Diseases of the Eye and Ear in the 
Hospital College of Medicine, Louisville, Ky. 
* * "Listerine mixes freely with water, and may be used as a local 
application to all purulently inflamed surfaces, diluted to any desirable 
extent, or, as in the cases before you, in full strength. With chloride of 
sodium and Listerine, you have, therefore, but little to desire in the way 
of local applications in otitis media purulenta." 
G. Sterling Ryerson, M. D., C. M., L. R. C. P. & S. E., 
Lecturer on the Eye, Ear, Throat and Nose, in Trinity Medical College, 
T or onto. 
"The principle of antisepsis in suppurative disease of the middle ear 
is by no means a new one, but it will be found, on examination, that some 
objection can be raised to every antiseptic agent, either on the score of 
poisonous qualities, mechanical defects, idiosyncrasy of the patient, or 
of inefficiency. * * * 
"In view of these statements, I determined to try Listerine in chronic 
suppurative disease of the middle ear, and the results justify me in say- 
ing that I regard it as an agent of great value in the treatment of these 
cases. 
"I also report two cases of eye disease in which I have used it. From 
the results obtained in cases V. and VI, it looks as though it would prove 
of use in eye practice, and supersede the very dangerous practice revived 
lately of using very strong solutions of carbolic acid in purulent affections 
of the eye. 
"Case I.-A. K., set. 40, has had discharge from the ear at intervals 
since early childhood. It is occasionally very offensive. No pain. On 
examining the right ear, I found a large kidney-shaped perforation in the 
anterior and inferior quadrants of the drum membrane. No granulations. 
A thin, ichorous discharge was oozing from the middle ear. I used pure 
Listerine instillations every other day for a fortnight, at the end of which 
time the discharge had quite ceased, and today the opening in the drum 
head is reduced to the size of a large pin's head. The distress in his head, 
of which he had formerly complained, is quite gone. I have hope that 
the drum head will heal up under this plan of treatment. He has had 
no application except Listerine, using a weak solution at home for himself. 
(Reports upon Cases II, III, IV and V omitted, owing to lack of 
space.) 
"Case VI.-Mr. A. has had granular ophthalmia for many years 
with partial pannus corneas. I applied jequirity infusion until a well- 
marked membrane was developed; then, experimentally, I applied Listerine. 
In four applications the false membrane was gone. 
"Might not Listerine be used with benefit in diphtheritic ophthalmia, 
or even in diphtheria itself?" 
42 LISTERINE IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 
Listerine is a very convenient and agreeable means of securing 
topical antiseptic medication. It may be applied, in full strength or 
diluted, to superficial cuts, bruises or abrasions; 
as an antiseptic toilet wash after shaving, etc., 
as well as for the treatment of various specific diseases of the skin. For 
prickly heat, Listerine and water, one to ten parts, is very serviceable. 
Gently apply over the surface, and dust with lycopodium, or starch 
powder. 
In the treatment of dermatitis, after vaccination, Listerine, by local 
application, has been found to admirably answer 
the requirements, the best authorities having 
given it preference over other liquid preparations. 
A physician informs us that good results have followed the use 
of Listerine, in full strength, by means of the atomizer, in treating various 
forms of dermatitis extending over large surfaces. By this method of 
application the remedy is conveniently brought into intimate contact with 
the diseased parts, and a two-fold antiseptic effect obtained, in that 
after the volatile constituents of Listerine have exerted their stimulating 
effect, and evaporated, a deposit of boracic acid remains upon the sur- 
faces to which Listerine has been applied, thus maintaining a condition 
approximating surgical cleanliness, until the time arrives for another 
application or dressing. 
Listerine, with water, glycerine, or other medicaments, is variously 
employed in all forms of eczema, different con- 
ditions suggesting the degree of dilution; after 
the application of Listerine, the eruption may be dusted with starch 
powder, or one part of starch powder, with four parts of the oxide of 
zinc, relieving the distressing itching and irritation. Listerine Dermatic 
Soap, a very efficient, saponaceous detergent, possessing marked anti- 
septic power, is peculiarly suited for use by those suffering from 
eczematous conditions of the skin. Its employment lessens the tendency 
to recurrent attacks of eczema, which may be brought about by the 
use of impure soaps. 
Listerine and water, equal parts, or one to four, according to the 
age of the patient, and the severity of the inflam- 
mation, is very grateful in this affection, whether 
upon the cutaneous surfaces or mucous membranes. 
Abrasions. 
Dermatitis. 
Eczema. 
Erysipelas. 
43 LISTERINE IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
P. Palmer Burrows, M. D., C. M., Lindsay, Ontario. 
President Executive Association of Health Officers, Ontario. 
"I am much interested in sanitary matters, and have very recently 
met with articles largely recounting the virtues of Listerine as a prophy- 
lactic, deodorizer and antiseptic. I can only say that, from personal ex- 
perience, I consider Listerine superior to phenic acid, and more satis- 
factory for general use than the bi-chloride, there being no suspicion of 
any injurious effects from absorption. 
E. S. Lemoine, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
One of the Physicians to St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis. 
"I have, for many months, used Listerine with decidedly good results, 
internally and externally, as an antiseptic, especially in chronic catarrhal 
cases of every locality, and in chronic external ulcers and sloughing, re- 
quiring disinfection, where carbolic acid had failed." 
Nathan S. Lincoln, M. D., Washington, D. C. 
Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Medical Department, Columbia University, 
Washington, D. C. 
"I have used Listerine for many months in every case where an anti- 
septic or deodorizer was required, and have always found it a very efficient 
and agreeable agent. I have used it in diphtheria, foul ulcers, malignant 
diseases, and in uterine surgery especially, and it has always given satis- 
faction. By inhalation, it has also proved very efficacious in a case of gan- 
grene of the lung. I use it constantly as a disinfectant and deodorizer of 
the hands, and for this purpose there is nothing comparable to it." 
John A. Octerlony, A. M., M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Professor of Materia Medica, Therapeutics, and Clinical Medicine, Uni- 
versity of Louisville; Vice-President American Medical Association. 
"Listerine is an efficient antiseptic dressing and application, and at the 
same time is an elegant preparation. It is particularly adapted to all the 
uses of the physicians as well as the requirements of surgical practice. 
With equal (if not greater) efficiency as an antiseptic as carbolic acid, 
it is without its odor and injurious constitutional effects." 
J. W. Underhill, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Professor of Obstetrics, Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. 
"Listerine has received a thorough trial in my practice for nearly 
twelve months. I have used it chiefly as an external application for 
variola, erysipelas, foul ulcers, correcting fetid odor of lochia, etc., and 
always with the most gratifying results. It is a safe and effective anti- 
septic and deodorizer, and by far the most agreeable that can be employed." 
44 LISTERINE IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 
In the treatment of the pruritus occasioned by various diseases 
affecting the cutaneous surfaces, as in pruritus 
ani, pruritus clitoridis, etc., Listerine, in various 
degrees of dilution, has been successfully employed to allay the ex- 
cessive itching, to promote cleanliness, and for its specific antiseptic effect. 
In the treatment of nettle rash, one part Listerine to ten parts 
water, gently mopped over the surface, is an 
excellent lotion for the relief of the local suffer- 
ing. In more severe cases, equal volumes of Listerine and lime water, 
to which a small quantity of the oxide of zinc is added, have proved 
valuable. The application of flannel cloths, saturated with hot Lis- 
terine solution, is sometimes very comforting. 
Notwithstanding the complex nature of Listerine, there are few 
galenic preparations which lend themselves so 
readily and advantageously to other combina- 
tions; indeed, Listerine, under the direction of the skilled pharmacist, 
may be said to be generally compatible with nearly the whole range 
of articles of the materia medica. Physicians often apprise us of a new 
use for Listerine, and such is this formula for an antiseptic emollient: 
Pruritus. 
Urticaria. 
Listerine Emollient. 
5 Lanolin 
Listerine aa 3 iv 
Ung. aquae rosae 
Olei olivae aa 3 iv 
M. et Sig.: Apply several times daily. 
If made from prime oil and unguents, and with genuine Listerine, 
this prescription will result in a sightly ointment of creamy consistency, 
pleasant to use, and very acceptable for the relief of dermic affections; 
cracks, chafes or fissures, and for those conditions of the skin due to 
thermic influences, such as extreme heat or cold, chaps, sunburn, etc. 
Six drachms of gelatine, dissolved by the aid of gentle heat, in 
seven ounces of Listerine, with the addition of 
five grains of the oxide, and twenty grains of 
the chloride of zinc, forms an adhesive paste 
which has proved of considerable utility, in various forms of cutaneous 
eruption, excoriation, etc. 
Cutaneous 
Paste. 
45 LISTERINE IN CUTANEOUS DISEASES. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
Frank P. Foster, M. D., New York City. 
Member Nezv York Academy of Medicine, Etc. 
"An undue amount of dermatitis is best treated with some mildly 
astringent and anodyne application. * * * Besides the antiseptics men- 
tioned, iodoform, boric acid, etc., may be used to advantage. Liquid appli- 
cations are not usually so appropriate, but the writer has known the anti- 
septic preparation termed Listerine to answer admirably." - Pepper's 
System of Medicine. 
A. G. Hobbs, M. D., Atlanta, Ga. 
Professor of Eye, Ear and Throat Diseases, Southern Medical College. 
"I consider Listerine the best antiseptic for ulcerations. It stops 
suppurations and promotes granulations, and has the action of astringents, 
without their disadvantages, more effectually than anything I have ever 
used." , I j 
A. J. Howe, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Professor of Surgery, Eclectic Medical Institute. 
"I make quite extensive use of Listerine as a local antiseptic in gen- 
eral surgery. I regard the combination as clever for most uses where a 
cleansing agent is needed. I have employed the wash in dressing wounds 
of all kinds, in erysipelas, in chafings and abrasions, and smallpox erup- 
tions, finding it highly satisfactory in all cases. 
"Applied to the scalp every day or two, I have found it an absolute 
cure for dandruff. When prescribed for vaginitis and genital irritations, 
the results are markedly beneficial, whilst as a prophylactic against con- 
tamination, extended observation has proven it thoroughly reliable. Added 
to its many efficient properties Listerine possesses an agreeable odor, and, 
unlike carbolic acid or iodoform, its employment does not betray disease." 
E. R. Palmer, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Professor of Physiology and Physical Diagnosis, University of Louisville. 
"I have used Listerine daily since its first introduction, and would 
not be without it. As an external agent I can not speak too highly of its 
usefulness. I order it for mouth-washes and gargles, for vaginal and 
urethral applications, and as a dressing for various ulcers, such as tertiary 
syphilides, chancroids, herpes prseputialis, etc. In such cases its action 
is all that could be desired. It may be used full strength, owing to its 
non-irritant properties, but in most cases will do its work quite as well 
diluted. Its pleasant odor, unobjectionable taste, and absence of staining 
properties, still further commend it as a desirable remedy." 
46 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
The volatile, antiseptic constituents of Listerine have a stimulating 
effect upon the stomach, and in proportion to the dose administered, an 
action inhibitive to fermentation of its contents; hence, Listerine is often 
corrective of those disorders associated with the endo-development of 
gases, acid eructations, regurgitation of food, etc. 
In various forms of dyspepsia, Listerine, alone, in teaspoonful 
doses, or diluted with one or two parts of water 
or glycerine, will give, much relief. In some 
cases, Listerine may advantageously be administered with an alkali, as 
soda or potassa bicarbonate. 
Dyspepsia. 
5 Sodii bicarbonas grs. xxx 
Listerine 3 ij 
Glycerinum 3 iss 
Aqua destil q. s. ad 3 viij M. 
Sig.: Two or three teaspoonfuls, after meals. 
In the simple or follicular stomatitis of infants, the result of 
improper feeding, or difficult dentition, as well 
as in those cases met with in children convales- 
cing from eruptive fevers, a spray and mouth-wash of Listerine, properly 
diluted, used every three or four hours (of which the child may be 
allowed to swallow freely), will be found very serviceable. Listerine 
one part, simple syrup seven parts, would be of suitable strength for 
cases occurring in infants. 
The foregoing will at once suggest the adaptability of Listerine, 
to the treatment of dysentery, in which Listerine, 
alone or with small doses of ipecacuanha, has 
proved useful, by internal administration, as have also injections of 
Listerine and starch water, one drachm of Listerine, to two ounces of 
starch water. For the purpose of stimulating the secretory functions of 
the skin during convalescence, Listerine one ounce, warm water one or 
two pints, used for sponge bathing, is an efficient and welcome auxiliary. 
In the treatment of various forms of diarrhoea, occurring in children 
and adults, Listerine is extensively employed in 
doses of ten drops to a teaspoonful, its antiseptic 
properties being corrective of the fermentative 
and putrefactive changes taking place in the contents of the alimentary 
canal, which are causative or contributive to the production of summer 
diarrhoea. 
The anti fermentative and antiparasitic elements of Listerine, and 
its therapeutic record in dysentery and cholera 
morbus, indicate it as an invaluable remedy, for 
the treatment (both internal and external), and 
for the prophylaxis of all forms of cholera, especially as an individual 
prophylactic. 
Stomatitis. 
Dysentery. 
Cholera 
Infantum. 
Cholera 
Asiatica. 
47 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Sea Sickness. 
A bottle of Listerine may well be included among the articles for 
use in the state-room, during an ocean voyage. 
There is nothing at all comparable to Listerine 
for use as a mouth-wash, in the morning, or at any other time. Taken 
in doses of a teaspoonful, in half a glass of hot water, upon arising, 
and occasionally during the day, if required, its antiseptic influence 
improves the condition of the stomach for the reception of food, and 
acts as a palliative to the distressing symptoms, the giddiness, retching, 
etc., during the time required for the nervous system to become accus- 
tomed to the motion of the ship. 
PROFESSIONAL OPINIONS. 
W. L. Barret, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Late Ex-President St. Louis Medical Society; Lecturer on Diseases of 
Women, St. Louis Medical College, etc. 
"I take pleasure in stating that, after satisfactory trials, I found 
Listerine an agreeable, non-irritating and efficient antiseptic. I have used 
it also with much satisfaction as an internal remedy in fermentative 
dyspepsia." 
Wm. A. Byrd, M. D., Quincy, Ill. 
Ex-President Illinois Medical Society. 
"I have used Listerine for three years; first upon myself in fermenta- 
tive dyspepsia, and was delighted with its effects." 
Charles H. Hughes, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Lecturer on Nervous and Mental Diseases and Electro-Therapy, St. Louis 
Medical College; Consulting Physician to Misericordia Asylum 
for the Insane and Nervous, etc. 
"Listerine has given me great satisfaction in certain atonic gastric 
conditions, associated with nervous dyspepsia, in which foul breath and 
eructations are symptoms." 
J. P. Kingsley, M. D., St. Louis, Mo. 
Professor of Physiology and Clinical Professor of Diseases of Children, 
Missouri Medical College. 
"In the diarrhoeas of children, due to fermentation and decomposition 
of food in the alimentary tract, I have found Listerine of marked benefit. 
I have also used it with satisfactory results as a local application in 
stomatitis, ulcerative sore mouth, diphtheria and croup." 
E. R. Palmer, M. D., Louisville, Ky. 
Professor Physiology and Physical Diagnosis, University of Louisville. 
"I have used Listerine daily since its first introduction, and would 
not be without it. I have given it internally in various gastric and intes- 
tinal disorders, notably those accompanied by fermentation and flatulence, 
and in diarrhoea, when the stools are inclined to be of a foaming nature, 
finding that even 15 or 20 drop doses will suffice, but ofttimes employ 
larger doses to advantage, with decidedly beneficial results." 
48 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
THE TREATMENT OF 
SUMMER COMPLAINTS 
OF 
INFANTS AND CHILDREN. 
The intense heat of summer so affects the nervous system of 
infants and children as to render them very susceptible to the evil 
influences and dire results of unsanitary surroundings, impure air, and 
food of an improper character, or in quantity exceeding the power of 
digestion. 
Generated by the action of heat in decomposing animal and vege- 
table substances, numerous species of bacteria spring into existence, 
minute organisms, of a vegetable nature, scarcely visible under high 
powers of the microscope. They may, by their disturbing action on the 
gastro-intestinal surface, produce unhealthy secretions, and excite an 
unhealthy or abnormal functional activity of both the mucous and 
muscular coats of the digestive tract, and thus cause diarrhea; or they 
may produce fermentative changes in the food, so that it is irritating 
to the gastro-intestinal surface, and in consequence of this action may 
cause diarrhea. 
The absolute safety of Listerine, its well-defined antiseptic power, 
and the readiness with which it lends itself to combination with other 
indicated remedies, are properties which have led many physicians to 
employ Listerine as the antiseptic foundation of their prescriptions for 
summer complaint. 
The articles contained within the 32 pages comprising the next 
section of this book have been contributed to various professional publi- 
cations by medical practitioners who have that familiarity with the 
difficulties to be overcome which is gained only by clinical observation; 
this experience enables them to give many valuable suggestions for the 
care of infants and children during the summer months. 
Listerine has frequently been favored with editorial commendation, 
and the following reference to its utility in the treatment of summer 
complaints of infants and children is simply indicative of the character 
of many similar notices: 
"In the large class of summer diarrhoeas of children and adults, with 
griping in the bowels and flatulence, the use of Listerine, in doses varying 
from ten drops to a teaspoonful (with or without water), has a most 
salutary and pleasing effect. 
"It can be administered at short intervals after eating, as soon as 
regurgitation, distention or acidity occurs. Its action in arresting exces- 
sive fermentation is prompt; besides it exercises a decided sedative in- 
fluence on the mucous membranes of the stomach. 
"The thymol, menthol and boracic acid which, with the quota of 
alcohol necessary to their proper admixture, form the principal elements 
of Listerine, lend to this compound a special value in this class of cases." 
-New York Medical Journal. 
49 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
THE PREVENTIVE TREATMENT OF 
SUMMER DIARRHEA. 
By Frank Woodbury, A. M., M. D., 
Professor of Clinical Medicine in the Medico-Chirurgical College of 
Philadelphia, etc. 
If we except the slight disturbance of health incident to the opera- 
tion of vaccination, it is not too much to say that children of healthy 
parents, with proper care, not only may escape the "usual" diseases of 
childhood, but they ought to escape them. 
A wise saying of the ancients was, "obsta principiis"-prevent the 
beginning; and it has especial application here. The caretaker of the 
infant should be impressed with the importance of care in the selection 
of appropriate food, of regularity in feeding, and especially in prevent- 
ing overloading of the stomach with food. Especially should the child 
wear a flannel bandage around its waist, and be not too thinly clad. 
It should have its daily bath of cool water, into which some disinfectant 
may be placed like Listerine, which keeps the child's skin clean and free 
from the sour smell which marks children who are predisposed to 
intestinal disorders. 
Internally, the intestinal tract should be kept also in as clean a 
condition as possible. Small doses of spiced syrup of rhubarb given 
every day or two, if the digestion seems to flag, and especially a little 
essence of pepsin to assist the weakened stomach, will generally be all 
that is required-provided that a sufficient interval of time be allowed 
to pass between the times of feeding for the stomach to rest, and for it 
to accumulate a new stock of gastric juice. The first appearance of 
indigestion should be promptly met by proper regulation of the diet, 
and clearing out the bowels with the rhubarb. Following this, small 
doses of salicylate of bismuth are generally curative. 
When the infant is exposed to the causes of summer complaint 
in a crowded city, it may be well to give small doses of antiseptics; 
and in weakly children, a mixture equal parts of Listerine and brandy, 
given in fifteen to thirty minim doses, every four to six hours, is an 
admirable preventive. Nothing, however, will take the place of proper 
hygienic treatment.-Journal of Balneology. 
50 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
SUMMER DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN. 
By I. N. Love, M. D.? 
Ex-President of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association; President 
Pediatric Section American Medical Association, 1890; Professor 
of Diseases of Children, Classical Medicine and Hygiene, 
Marion-Sims College of Medicine; Consulting 
Physician to the St. Louis City Hospital, 
Female Hospital, etc. 
The intense heat of the summer, coupled with improper diet and 
unsanitary surroundings, will soon initiate the slaughter of the innocents. 
Artificially fed babies will more particularly suffer in this manner. 
We have all been impressed for years with the fact that some 
fermentative principle or septic "yeast plant,'' so to speak, which re- 
quired the usual temperature (in the neighborhood of one hundred 
degrees Fahrenheit) for its best work, was at the bottom of all these 
alimentary troubles among our little ones; and that many of the in- 
testinal disturbances of children of a larger growth, and adults as well, 
could properly be traced to the same cause, has long been believed. 
Given an indefinite number of infants with sufficiently high tem- 
perature, improper artificial feeding, bad hygiene, etc., and almost 
invariably we can count upon putrefactive changes in the stomach and 
bowels, producing septic poisons, local irritations, intestinal inflam- 
mations and generally depraved systemic conditions. 
There are a number of things that it is well to bear in mind in 
connection with the heated term in its relation to the babies.. There are 
a number of rules which should govern adult life which are equally 
applicable to infant life. One thing, which may be mentioned, of im- 
portance is a lighter diet during the time when the heat is at its greatest. 
Unquestionably the heat lowers the tone of the vital forces; the 
nervous system is disturbed, and the digestive apparatus, which is so 
largely under the influence of the nervous system, is impaired in its 
efficiency. 
51 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
We advise for adults uniformly lighter work, light clothing, no 
excitement; an occasional cooling off by means of cooling baths, and 
if they have the preliminary symptoms of heat effects, we suggest the 
application of ice to the head and spine. The same rules will apply 
to the babies. These little sensitive plants are more easily withered 
by the intense effects of the sun; their nervous system is even more 
demoralized, and for this reason we should see to it that they are, in 
so far as possible, kept comfortable, and as cool a place as possible 
should be selected in the hottest part of the day. The clothing should 
be light, and if the indications suggest, we should direct one or more 
cooling baths each day, and if the child be placed in a position to sleep 
and rendered accustomed to the effects, the head may be frequently 
bathed in cold water, even ice water. The nursing babe should be put 
upon lighter rations than when the conditions are more favorable, par- 
ticularly if the child be artificially fed, even greater care should be 
exercised in the matter of diet, especially in the direction of quantity. 
The little one suffers from thirst the same as we do, and should 
be taught early to freely drink of cool water, not ice cold water, but 
water which has been previously boiled and put in bottles and kept 
on ice. There is a risk in connection with ice water, besides that in- 
volved in the intense degree of cold; it is a possible pollution of the 
water by the melted ice, as we do not always know where the ice comes 
from, and germs of septic matter may be carried into the alimentary 
canal this way more often than we realize. The amount given to the 
child in one drink should not be very great, but it should be given often. 
As night comes on we should be on the alert and see that the child is 
not placed in a position where a pronounced and direct draft will strike 
it. There is a risk of the child taking cold as well as being affected by 
the heat in the hottest nights of summer. If the night be extremely hot 
and the child be wakeful, sponging of the head with cold water should 
be freely indulged. If proper diet be selected and it be given in a 
sufficiently light quantity the chances of disturbances of the bowels are 
much lessened. If impaired digestion presents itself it should be cor- 
rected at once. Every case of bowel trouble has its beginning, and in 
the very beginning is the time to correct it, and the proper correction of 
it can be best secured by assisting nature promptly after the discovery, 
in carrying away and out of the alimentary canal the material which is 
causing the disturbance. 
52 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
There will nearly always in these cases be found fermentative 
matter, septic matter, and indigestible matter, and this should all be re- 
moved. Frequently the first announcement we have of trouble is vomit- 
ing and light purging. This is nature's effort to get rid of the trouble, 
and if we help it in the right direction it will be relieved. If we inter- 
rupt nature in her work and at once try to check the secretions and lock 
up the sewerage of the little one, we will regret it ere long. If the 
child be seen early enough a mild purgative with cessation from food 
may be all sufficient. 
This subject of summer diarrhea of infants brings to mind a dis- 
ease of adult life which prevails to a marked degree in the Mississippi 
Valley during the same season. I refer to dysentery in its various forms. 
The same plan of treatment is applicable to a very great extent- 
diet, emptying of the alimentary tract, antisepsis. 
We are safe, it matters not at what time we may be called, in 
administering some antiseptic medication; something which will prevent 
fermentation, and have a destructive effect upon the septic germs more 
than likely present in the alimentary canal. Happy effects are often 
secured by the use of Listerine properly diluted; a favorite prescription 
is the following: 
5 Lambert's Listerine 
Glycerinum (c. p.) 
Syr. simpl 
Aqua cinnamomi aa 5 j M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful every one, two or three hours, as may be indi- 
cated. 
Taking into consideration the component parts of Listerine, it 
impresses me favorably as a prophylactic and remedial agent for cholera, 
along with other intestinal disturbances. The eucalyptus, thyme, gaul- 
theria and boracic acid which it contains are all antagonistic to germ 
life, and oppose fermentation. The preliminary diarrhea, cholerine, as it 
is called, may well receive teaspoonful doses of Listerine combined with 
the same amount of glycerine; in fact, I should be inclined to recom- 
mend to the laity, this combination as a prophylactic measure. 
Returning to the consideration of choleraic diarrheas affecting 
infants, a few suggestions regarding foods should not be omitted. It 
may be necessary at times to withdraw all milk. In this case the ex- 
pressed juice of rare steak, secured by means of the lemon squeezer. 
53 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
which can be purchased in the shop, is admirable. In some cases the 
old fashioned beef tea or bouillon or mutton broth serves well, well 
salted. The child often likes the tangible salt taste of these foods, and 
they may be given ice cold, being often preferred this way by the child, 
as they allay thirst, and would be refused if given hot. 
Other things being equal, good, pure cow's milk, properly steril- 
ized and diluted with water, is good. Many times, however, in spite of 
the boiling process, the curd formed in the stomach is so pronounced 
that it is not rapidly grasped by the gastric juice. In such case con- 
densed milk, well diluted, is good. I am strong in the conviction that 
the unsweetened condensed milk is preferable and much less liable to 
undergo fermentation. The cane sugar in the sweet condensed milk 
is very liable to change in the alimentary canal, and not only that, but 
it is particularly liable, with the average domestic surroundings, to 
change after the can has been opened. 
It is with food as with medicine; one man's meat is another's 
poison. That which is food to one baby is poison to another. There 
are certain principles which it is well to bear in mind with regard to 
the feeding of infants. We must individualize every case we treat. 
We should have no preconceived ideas, we should have no prejudices, 
but be ever ready to do that which is best for the patient, in bringing 
to bear upon the individual, all in the way of medicine or food, which 
a broad gauge observation would justify. 
There are times when it is desirable to change the food of the 
babies the same as we need to change the bill of fare upon our own 
table. We must not forget that the palates of the little ones are to be 
consulted. That "variety which is the spice of diet" may be applied, 
in a mild way, even to the babies. The food that agrees with the baby 
today, or this week, or this month, may need changing next month. 
I present the following conclusions: 
1. During the heated term keep the baby cool, but not too cool, 
just cool enough. Uniformity should be the ruling thought. Babies 
do not enjoy extremes of anything. 
2. The proper regulation of the diet, the proper degree of sleep, 
the proper uniform temperature, pure air, and the proper relief of thirst, 
will enable every infant to weather the time of the hot, sultry days of 
mid-summer. 
54 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
3. The severe intestinal diseases and the one which is the very 
acme of infantile danger-cholera infantum-may be passed serenely 
by if we impress upon the mothers the fact that the very first variation 
from the proper digestion should be corrected by the family physician 
and not by the "busybody" neighbors. 
4. The mother should be impressed with the fact that the opinion 
of the physician is of as much importance in the matter of food as 
though medicine were to be administered; in fact, it is of paramount im- 
portance, in that food is life to the child. 
5. Experimentation at all times is risky, and particularly so when 
dealing with infants, and doubly so when the experiments are not con- 
ducted by an expert experimentalist. In the correction of disturbed 
digestion wre should aid nature in getting rid of undigested and indiges- 
tible materials. 
6. We should bear in mind the antiseptic thought. 
7. We should see to it that less diet and a more digestible diet 
be brought into requisition. 
8. During the entire period of infantile life we should protect 
the abdominal region against possible chilling by the wearing of a light 
woolen belly-bandage. 
9. Relieve the thirst by good, pure water instead of the breast 
or the nursing bottle. 
10. Proper rest and tranquilization of the little one is desired; 
above all things let it be kept away from the heated body of the nurse 
or mother, who in addition to elevating the temperature of the child 
by contact with her own personality, will more than likely after each 
filling up with milk proceed in an affectionate way to trot it up and 
down, from side to side, and in a generally gymnastic way exercise her 
motherly muscles in giving the little one the effect of thorough agitation 
of the contents of the stomach, a condition not at all conducive to tran- 
quility. Far better for the little one to be placed upon a recliner the 
bulk of the time in a manner favorable to sleep and digestion. 
1 1. Religious regard for cleanliness of all food utensils, refriger- 
ators and nursing bottles should be insisted upon. 
12. Not less than three or four of the simplest form of bottles 
should always be on hand. The nursing nipples should be plain, black 
rubber. The handy, but filthy, tubular affair should be condemned, 
in toto.-Dietetic Gazette and Medical Review. 
55 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
TREATMENT OF CHOLERA INFANTUM. 
William J. Watson, M. D., Philadelphia. 
* * * * I will herewith endeavor, in as brief a space 
as possible, to outline my treatment of this disease, in the past three 
years, in which I have met with varying success. 
Cholera infantum, as we understand it, is characterized by its 
occurrence almost solely during the summer months, in young and gen- 
erally teething children, who have been previously either healthy or 
subjected for a time to an attack of simple or inflammatory diarrhea, 
by sudden muscular debility, occasional nausea, spasmodic griping pains 
in the bowels, copious purging of thin, serous fluid, or large watery evacu- 
ations, accompanied with more or less obstinate vomiting, coldness and 
dampness of the entire surface of the body, coldness and lividity of the 
lips and tongue, cold breath, a craving thirst, a feeble, rapid pulse, with 
much restlessness, pallor of the entire surface of the body, a sunken 
and pinched countenance, a weak cry or partial aphonia, and collapse 
more or less complete. 
Heat is one of the most influential causes of this disease; so long 
as the atmospheric temperature is moderate, the resulting disorder will 
take the form of simple inflammatory diarrhea: but with the rise of tem- 
perature during the months of July, August and September, children 
previously well, will be seized with true cholera infantum. 
Improper diet is often a frequent cause of choleraic disease in hot 
weather. Sudden weaning, a change in the character of the artificial 
food, unwholesome milk and improper vegetables will sometimes bring 
on, in the short space of a few hours, the most violent attack of cholera. 
Combined with the improper food, as etiological factors, might be 
mentioned the hygienic surrounding of the little ones, such as (1 ) decay- 
ing organic matter, neglected stables, putrescent mud and filth; (2) bad 
drainage and local dampness; (3) obstructed sewers, filthy streets, 
gutters and cesspools; water and beverages contaminated by putrescent 
organic matters, particularly by drainage from cesspools; (4) over- 
crowded apartments and neglected ventilation. 
Amongst the poor who inhabit the crowded quarters of large cities, 
where the streets and alleys are small and narrow, where heaps of decay- 
ing vegetables and organic matter abound, where water is scanty or 
scantily used, where ventilation is deficient from the manner in which the 
streets are laid out, and from the crowded condition of such thorough- 
fares, we will find this disease much more prevalent. Dentition is the 
most powerful predisposing cause of the disease. 
56 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Hereditary predisposition is said by many authors to be a promi- 
nent cause of the disease; it would seem probable that this peculiarity 
must depend upon the fact that the constitutions of some families are 
particularly disposed to disorders of the digestive apparatus. 
The prognosis in cholera infantum is, of course, always grave. 
Collapse, which either threatens all who are attacked with it, or actually 
supervenes to a greater or less degree, is well known by all physicians to 
be one of the most formidably marked conditions to which the body is 
liable. Early age, recent weaning, improper artificial diet and bad 
hygienic surroundings and feeble vital powers from any cause, either 
inherent or acquired, are amongst the most unfavorable conditions which 
influence the prognosis. 
The hygienic surroundings should be carefully attended to and the 
child should be kept perfectly clean. It should be put to bed in a well 
ventilated room and given only liquid diet. The clothing must be as 
thin as possible, but flannels should always be worn next to the skin. 
Small pieces of ice may be given to relieve the thirst. When water is 
used it should always be filtered or boiled. Should the child be bottle- 
fed, great stress should be laid upon the care of the milk, nursing bottle 
and nipples. The entire body of the child should receive a sponge bath 
with water at 80° F., and be gently dried. 
The first indication in the medical treatment should be to arrest 
the vomiting and purging, for which, if called to see a case in the first 
twenty-four hours, I always give an intestinal irrigation by means of a 
copious enema of from one to three pints of warm or cool water, to 
which I add § iii to § iv of Listerine, allowing it to flow from an ordi- 
nary fountain syringe into the bowel. Often when there is restlessness, 
pain and tenesmus, this amount of water, if used as warm as can be 
borne, will quiet the child in a few minutes and sometimes give per- 
manent relief. After the bowels have been thoroughly washed I pre- 
scribe the following: 
B Bismuthi subcarbonas 3i - 3 ii 
Spir. myristicae TTg xx 
Spir. vini gallici 3 iii 
Listerine 3 ss 
Mistura cretae q. s. ad 5 iii M. 
Sig.: One drachm every three hours until relieved. 
If the child is suffering from pain which can not be relieved by 
external applications, small doses of some preparation of opium may be 
used, preferably the camphorated tincture. 
If the child is simply irritable, restless and peevish, fluid extract of 
hyoscyamus and spirits of chloroform in small doses, given in glycerine, 
will produce quiet and rest.-Codex Medicus. 
57 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
SUMMER DIARRHEA OF INFANTS. 
[Extract from a Paper Read Before the South Kansas Medical 
Society, at Wichita, May 3, 1892.] 
M. G. Day, M. D., Wichita. 
The problem of the summer diarrhea of infants and children is 
one which the warm months bring to the physician. * * * 
Dentition, heat, improper diet, nervous derangement, taking cold, 
bacteria, have each been considered causes. The germ theory at 
present seems well supported. * * * 
In view of the different theories held by eminent authorities and 
from personal experience, it seems to me that there is truth in each. 
Thus, dentition, a physiological process, may become deranged, and 
produce a pathological condition. Heat, by lowering the vital resist- 
ance, or by producing decomposition of food, or causing great thirst, 
which is satisfied with food instead of water, may become an active 
factor. Improper food can hardly fail in provoking increased peri- 
staltic action of the stomach and bowels. 
I believe we have all seen cases where a child took cold and had 
diarrhea as a consequence, and there is no sound reason why a child 
should not have diarrhea from a fright or shock, as well as an adult. 
If the surroundings are filthy, and bacteria enter the stomach and 
intestines, and there find conditions favorable for their growth and de- 
velopment, it is reasonable to suppose that nature will make an effort 
to expel the irritating material. So in our present state of knowledge 
it seems impossible to say that there is any one cause, but rather that 
summer diarrhea may be produced by several different factors, and 
in any given case it might be difficult to differentiate the exciting agent, 
as perhaps all the factors working together produced the result. But 
if any one is more potent than others, I believe it to be filth, and in the 
care of infants cleanliness is godliness. Surgeons are in the advance 
of most of us physicians in realizing the meaning of the word cleanli- 
ness, and in being able to make the practical application, to the great 
benefit of their patients. 
58 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
The hygienic management of infants is of the utmost importance, 
and every true physician will give each mother who seeks his advice in 
regard to the care of those entrusted to her, full instruction in regard to 
the following points: 
1. Pure air to breathe. 
2. Proper diet at regular intervals. 
3. Plenty of water, which has been boiled, to drink. 
4. A clean bottle, if bottle fed, every time it takes its food. 
5. Absolute cleanliness in person and surroundings. 
6. A chance for the nervous system to develop without being 
over-excited. 
If every infant could be kept under such favorable conditions the 
resistance of the vital organisms would be such that if a few germs were 
introduced into its body the conditions for their growth and develop- 
ment would be so unfavorable that they would perish, instead of flour- 
ishing and causing the illness and perhaps death of the infant. 
The conditions are too often the reverse of all this. The air is 
filthy, the food improperly given, in kind and amount, and no water at 
all; the bottle and clothing are not kept clean, and the babe is tossed 
and tumbled and handed around, and carried out into the hot sun, and 
is it any wonder that it gets sick? The doctor is sent for, and if he 
could only change by his presence all the unsanitary conditions, instead 
of giving directions in regard to them, the problem of treatment would 
be more easily solved than it is. 
When called to a case, I nearly always begin treatment by giving 
something to evacuate the alimentary canal, either a mixture of aromatic 
syr. rhubarb, castor oil, glycerine, or from one-tenth to one-half gr. calo- 
mel every hour, until there is a good effect from it. In the Annual, 
1890, there is a report of over 500 cases, in which Seibert, of New 
York, employed stomach-washing, combined with injections of pure 
water into the bowels, and obtained excellent results. I have not tried 
this plan of evacuating primae viae, but consider the principle of promptly 
removing irritating material the correct one. If there is pain, I give 
paregoric in doses according to age and condition. Notwithstanding all 
that has been said against it, I believe that opium is one of our most 
valuable therapeutic agents in the treatment of summer diarrhea. After 
getting some effect from the preceding, I frequently follow with this 
mixture, the formula of which was first given by Dr. Deering J. 
Roberts, of Nashville, Tenn.: 
59 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Bismuthi subnit 3 ss 
Tr. opii TIJ xx 
Syr. ipecac 
Syr. rhei arom aa 3 ij 
Listerine 5 ss 
Mist, cretas j j M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful once in three or four hours, for a child ten or 
twelve months old. 
This I have found a valuable combination, and I often prescribe it. 
When a child has diarrhea I do not believe in the administration 
of milk in any form as food. I know how hard it is to convince the 
average mother that the child will not die if she does not keep a continual 
stream of milk running down its throat, but I believe the results are 
better to insist upon giving only rice water, barley water, Mellin's food 
prepared with water, a little brandy, and plenty of boiled water to drink. 
Inunctions have rendered me excellent service, not only by their cooling 
and supporting properties, but the friction caused by rubbing the oil, 
lard, vaseline, whatever is used, helps to keep the blood to the surface, 
and prevents excessive internal congestion. I have less fear that a 
child will take cold when it has been thoroughly greased. It is also a 
good vehicle for quinine, when indicated, and in this country I think 
a little quinine rubbed on the outside, frequently helps to cure the child. 
From my own experience in the past, and the lessons learned from 
the recorded experiences of others, my plan of treatment for the com- 
ing season will be according to the following summary: 
1. Hygienic. 
2. Evacuative. 
3. Therapeutic; namely, opium, bismuth, Listerine, chalk mix- 
ture, boiled water, stimulants and inunctions. 
G. F. Dougherty, M. D., Neoga, Ill. 
In my opinion, Listerine should form the base of many prescriptions 
in the treatment of summer diarrhea in children. During the present 
summer I have prescribed for many cases, and Listerine has given me 
much satisfaction. 
A. W. Sawyer, M. D., Arbela, Mo. 
I have used Listerine to meet many indications during the past sum- 
mer, and in no case has it failed me. As a corrective of the ferments 
and other morbid conditions in diarrheal maladies, its value can not be 
overestimated. 
60 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
THE CAUSE, PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF 
THE SUMMER DIARRHEAS OF INFANTS. 
[Abstract of a Paper Read Before the Academy of Medicine and 
Surgery at Topeka, Kansas, July i, 1890.] 
By C. C. Green, M. D., of Topeka, Kan. 
Professor of Physiology and Dermatology, Kansas Medical College; Presi- 
dent Kansas State Medical Society, 1889 and 1890; State 
Medical Director A. O. U. W., 1887 and 1888. 
Mr. President and Members of the Academy: 
As a preface to a consideration of the phases of this malady as 
outlined by my text, I may say that it is not my purpose to give either 
an historical or pathological review; neither is it necessary for the pur- 
pose of the present discussion, to differentiate between the catarrhal 
conditions found in different portions of the intestinal tract, or between 
different grades, as entero-colitis and cholera infantum, choosing rather 
to consider them as varying only in intensity. 
In speaking of a disease of infancy, we mean it to apply to children 
under two years of age, or to diseases to which they are especially sub- 
ject prior to the eruption of the temporary teeth. This period also 
covers the possible limit of their dependence upon the mother for 
nutriment. 
Our experience has induced an arbitrary division of such children 
into two distinct classes: 
1. Those which receive their supply of food from the mother. 
2. Those supplied with artificial food, and known as bottle-fed 
children. 
There are two prolific causes of diarrhea in nursing infants. The 
first and most potent is the ingestion of too much milk. This comes 
from a desire on the part of the infant to quench the thirst. The in- 
tense heat causes an excessive transpiration of the fluids of the body, 
which creates a demand for water which is rarely supplied. The child 
worries. The mother, ever ready with her panacea, gives it the breast, 
which baby takes eagerly in an effort to supply the want of water. The 
61 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
ingestion thus of food not demanded by the system, overtaxes the digest- 
ive power of the stomach. Unless emesis takes place, the partly digested 
milk passes into the intestines to produce the usual train of attendant evils. 
The second chief cause will be traced to digestive disturbance 
with the mother, or indulgence by her of proscribed articles of food. 
The treatment of these two classes x\nll be indicated without much 
comment. Either may need a single laxative dose in order to clear the 
intestinal tract. In the first class, a liberal amount of fresh, cool water 
must be regularly supplied at frequent intervals. As a result no more 
food will be taken than the system requires, nature's forces will perform 
their functions, and the normal condition will be re-established. In 
the second class, your attention will be directed to the mothers. 
Especially during the heated term I always instruct the mother to 
give baby freely of cool water before each nursing. I do this in order 
that a regular supply may be obtained. Directions to give water at 
stated intervals will not be followed, but the mother will always be re- 
minded of her duty when about to nurse her infant. The same rules 
governing water supply must be applied to babies taking artificial food. 
As our skill is usually brought into requisition in behalf of the 
bottle-fed children, I have thus briefly touched upon the diarrhea of 
nursing infants and indicated the simple means which will usually relieve 
the disturbance. The continuation of the subject will be understood 
to apply to children reared upon artificial foods. 
Various causes have been assigned in the past as productive of 
summer diarrhea, to all of which the influence of heat has been consid- 
ered as contributive. Excessive or prolonged heat, enervating the sys- 
tem, weakening or arresting the digestive function, permitting the ingress 
into the intestines of partly digested food, acting as a foreign body 
to produce inflammation; sudden changes from heat to cold by arrest- 
ing transpiration through the sudoriparous glands and a corresponding 
turgescence of the capillaries supplying the digestive tract and there 
producing an excess of action; contamination through the atmosphere 
by the introduction into the system of the products of decaying organic 
matter; improper food, unripe or overripe fruit, dentition, etc. 
The etiology of summer diarrhea has, however, undergone a re- 
markable change since Lister with his antiseptics demonstrated the cause 
and prevention of putrefaction, and other investigators have defined the 
relation of germs to diseased structures. 
62 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
When it is found that the mother can not nurse her newborn infant, 
the physician is confronted with a problem, that of directing the food 
supply, which will often tax his skill. What food shall be recom- 
mended ? With reference to what are usually termed baby foods, should 
I express in a single sentence my judgment and experience, I would say, 
if your child is under eight or ten months of age do not use them. I 
believe we have it in our power to so utilize cow's milk so as to dispense 
altogether with the use of farinaceous or other substitutes. 
In giving dietetic directions which involve some care and trouble, 
it is well to impress the fact that it requires less labor to keep a child 
well than to care for a sick one. 
The vitalizing power of milk is at no time greater than when 
freshly drawn from the udder, and still retaining the animal heat. If a 
family keep a milch cow, the rational way is to get a fresh supply for 
each feeding. This fresh, warm milk should be diluted with water 
previously boiled, and in proportion as designated by J. Lewis Smith: for 
a child under one month, two-thirds water, gradually decreasing to one- 
half at the end of the third month, and to one-fourth at the end of 
six months, after which whole milk may be given. Milk so supplied 
will often be fully digested. If, however, lumps of casein appear in 
the stools, this excess must be predigested, in accordance with the 
Fairchild Bros, and Foster process. 
A small amount of grape or milk sugar should always be added to 
cow's milk. If from any reason this plan is impracticable, one of the 
following should be adopted: If milk is taken from the cow and imme- 
diately placed in bottles and securely sealed, no germs will find admit- 
tance from without. Therefore, have as many bottles cleansed as will 
represent one for each feeding through the day, or night, and upon 
milking, immediately place sufficient in each bottle for one meal only, 
cork securely and place in a cool place. Milk so secured will keep sweet 
for twenty-four hours, when if exposed to the air it would ferment in ten 
hours. When used, shake the bottle to break up the oil globules, warm, 
dilute and sweeten as previously instructed, attach a plain rubber nipple 
without any tube, and give to baby. 
The most successful manner of preparing cow's milk is by steriliza- 
tion. Milk subjected to a temperature of 212° for ninety minutes will 
be entirely freed of germs, and will remain unchanged for several 
days. 
63 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Both the treatment and prevention of this difficulty are subject to 
dietetic rules. When first called to a case, ascertain the condition of the 
intestinal tract as regards the presence of undigested or fermenting food 
which, if present, will call for an evacuant. What should be used? If 
the entire tract is involved, my preference is for a solution of sulphate 
of magnesia, dilute sulphuric acid and peppermint water. This produces 
a free endosmosis from the vessels and glands, relieves the congestion 
and is sedative to the irritated surface. If a simple duodenitis, I prefer 
the mild chloride of mercury in small doses, triturated with sugar of 
milk. While I admit to a prejudice against castor oil, it may be used 
to advantage, adding an equal part of glycerine, which covers the taste 
and adds to its eliminative property. Stomach being irritable and food 
undigested, stop all regular supplies for twenty-four or more hours, 
until quiet is restored. For this period the child will not require much 
food. A little barley water in which the white of an egg has been 
beaten to a froth may be given. Water, distilled or boiled, must be 
given in small quantities at frequent intervals. In twenty-four hours the 
second indication for treatment will be present. Your chief reliance 
should now be placed in dietetics and the maintenance of an antiseptic 
condition of the digestive tract. Direct the preparation of food in 
accord with suggestions before made, peptonizing to insure digestion of 
casein. I am much pleased with the results of Listerine, given with a 
vehicle of glycerine and water. It is an effective germicide, is palatable 
and soothing to the irritated stomach. While there may be a question 
as to our ability to introduce a germicide into the intestinal tract for 
local effect, it is immaterial, so long as we can prevent the passage from 
the stomach of infected material. The normal gastric secretion is anti- 
septic through its digestive and antiputrefactive property. If the normal 
function of digestion is maintained, but little harm results from germ 
products. If acidity of the stomach exists, you should remember an 
axiom of Bartholow's (in which case you will find but little use for 
alkalies) : "Alkalies simply neutralize acids, while the mineral acids 
arrest the fermentation upon which the production of acids depends." 
Astringents and opium occupy a very doubtful place in the treat- 
ment of this affection. They check peristalsis and elimination, and thus 
aid decomposition. Bismuth, claimed by some as an astringent, is an 
effective remedy. I use it for a different purpose. If vomiting is ex- 
cessive, and discharges watery and profuse, large doses will relieve the 
64 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
condition. I regard it as a local sedative. Being converted into an 
inert sulphide, it comes in direct contact with the inflamed structures, 
when it allays the irritation without interfering with glandular action. 
If the child is suffering much pain, which can not be relieved by 
external applications, small doses of some preparation of opium may 
be used, preferably the camphorated tincture. If the baby is simply 
irritable, restless and peevish, fluid extract of hyoscyamus and spirits 
of chloroform, in small doses, given in glycerine, will produce quiet and 
rest. 
W. C. Barrett, M. D.» Buffalo, N. Y. 
Lecturer on Oral Diseases in the University of Buffalo, Medical Depart- 
ment; Ex-President American Dental Association. 
"When indigestion is due to the presence of gas, or acid forming fer- 
ment in the digestive tract, and is characterized by distention, regurgita- 
tion, belching of gas, with so-called 'heart burn' and acidity, Listerine 
upon myself and patients, has proved a specific." 
Charles K. Gardner, A. M., M. D., Huntington, W. Va. 
"I have used Listerine in my practice for nearly three years, and find 
it to be an excellent remedy. As an antiseptic it has no equal, being 
non-toxic, non-irritant, and of a delightful odor - a most important 
desideratum. Listerine has entirely superseded carbolic acid in my hands. 
In atonic dyspepsia, associated with gaseous formation and acid eructa- 
tions, foul breath, etc., it has proved an agent of intrinsic value. I pre- 
scribe it freely in dysenteries and diarrhoeas of children due to fermenta- 
tion and food decomposition, and find its results unprecedented. In 
uterine and vaginal discharges of an offensive nature, ulcers of all grades, 
diseases of the buccal and faucial cavities, I have utilized it with much 
satisfaction." 
Deering J. Roberts, M. D., Nashville, Tenn. 
* * * * In fermentative disorders of the alimentary canal, in the 
young, middle aged or old, Listerine has given most satisfactory results. 
In the summer diarrhea of children, Dr. I. N. Love, of St. Louis, speaks 
very highly of it, given in combination with glycerine and simple syrup. 
A formula that I have time and again used; in fact, it has almost become 
routine with me of late years, is as follows: 
5 Bismuthi subnit 3 ss 
Tr. opii xx 
Syr. ipecac 
Syr. rhei arom aa 3 ij 
Listerine 5 ss 
Mist, cretae 3 J M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful as often as necessary, but not more frequently 
than every three or four hours. This for children about ten or twelve 
months old.-Southern Practitioner. 
65 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
A FEW THOUGHTS IN REFERENCE TO THE 
TREATMENT OF SUMMER DIARRHEA 
IN CHILDREN. 
By E. C. Register, M. D., Charlotte, N. C. 
President the Charlotte Medical Society; President Medical Examining 
Board State of North Carolina. 
No subject is more important or should be given a more careful 
consideration, especially at this time of the year, than that of infantile 
intestinal disorders. A study of the causes of death in our cities during 
the summer months shows that this class of diseases prevails more exten- 
sively and proves more fatal than any other complaint. With our im- 
proved methods of prevention, we have in the last ten years lessened 
the death rate fully twenty-five per cent, and if we could impress upon 
the mothers, and even the physicians, the great amount of good that 
could be accomplished by the strict adherence to the many valuable 
sanitary rules that we have at our disposal, we would still lessen the 
death rate. We are all familiar with the fact that, at the present time, 
the tendency among our most prominent microscopists and investigators 
of disease, is to solve the great problem, how to overcome or to check 
the activity of the bacillus. This is probably natural, but we, in the 
interest of everything tending to promote us professionally and in the 
interest of our most helpless sufferers, should attack with the same 
energy the causes of this class of diseases that prevails among the inno- 
cent little children, as we do those that invade us at a more mature age. 
In order for us to intelligently apply the many preventive and curative 
measures at our disposal we should study a few of the most common 
causes producing summer complaint, and their way of development. I 
believe that the prevailing opinion is correct, that fermentation is prob- 
ably the most common source of mischief at this critical time of the 
child's life in summer. In addition to the many causes of fermentation 
in individuals of mature years, children unfortunately are subjected to 
additional causes. Their organs of digestion, anatomically and physio- 
logically, favor the production of fermentation more than in those of 
adult life. 
66 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
At this time of life a child's stomach could hardly be considered a 
muscular structure, and its relative size is much smaller than that of 
adults. Therefore the peristaltic action, that is considered such a valu- 
able aid in digestion of adults, is almost entirely wanting in the child. 
Their digestive juices are not so uniform in strength or quality and are 
not so apt to meet the requirements of digestion as they are in after 
years, when the glands that produce them are fully developed. It is 
generally believed that it is the insufficient quantity of acid, at times, in 
the gastric juice that has a tendency to produce bacterial fermentation; 
that fermentation is more apt to develop in an alkaline than an acid 
medium, and that so long as the juices of the stomach are normal, fer- 
mentative changes are not likely to begin. Another, and no doubt a very 
frequent cause, is the incorrect quantity of milk needed at the different 
ages of the child. I have no doubt that if the question was put to the 
physicians of this city, and I believe all of them are well informed men, 
as to the proper quantity of milk a child needed at a certain age, there 
would be considerable difference in their opinions. Judging from the 
small and vague amount of literature on this particular point, and the 
extent of the difference in opinion among eminent writers, a conclusion 
is easily reached, that we have not given it the amount of study that is 
properly due it, and that we do not, in response to inquiries from mothers 
and nurses on this point, give an opinion that is every time correct or is 
much better than the mother's own judgment. An every-day occurrence 
that we are all familiar with is that of seeing mothers nurse their children 
and give them the bottle to keep them from crying. You may say that 
this is commonplace, and is something that was written about hundreds 
of years ago. This is probably so, but we allow it to go on every day 
not corrected, and the fact is, that we, in this particular, neglect an im- 
portant duty, and thousands of ill results spring from it. I believe that 
nine-tenths of the hand-fed children that have come under my observation 
have suffered first or last in being over-fed. I have seen children crying, 
evidently from colicky pains, due to too large a quantity of milk on their 
stomachs, more than they could possibly digest properly, and yet they 
would seize the bottle and take more, just as if they were starving. 
Mothers not knowing the amount of mischief they are likely to produce 
take advantage of this unnatural or, I might say, diseased condition of 
the child's appetite, and keep giving the little sufferer more milk, think- 
ing after a while they will satisfy it. This overloaded condition of the 
67 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
stomach is kept up day after day, and the natural result is a case of 
diarrhea. The next cause that we will consider (and it is by far the 
hardest to understand), is the part that germs play in the production of 
diarrhea. Every experienced physician has seen the great depression 
that so soon manifests itself in cholera infantum, and knows that he has 
to deal with a poison, or something more than an ordinary derangement 
of the bowels. Milk, if left alone, as everybody knows, will soon fer- 
ment or turn sour; this is through the agency of a microbe, and Pasteur, 
as early as 1867, believed that a close relationship existed between fer- 
mentation and infection. This belief at the present day is strongly fixed 
in the minds of a great many eminent physicians, but just the character 
of the germ or germs that are present in fermentation and how they cause 
diarrhea is not as clearly known as we would like to have it. The ma- 
jority of the writers on this subject are of opinion that it is the poisonous 
product of many different varieties of germs. Probably the most effect- 
ive way in preventing fermentation is by sterilization of the milk, and I 
find that the nurses of this city are very proficient and skilled in this par- 
ticular. Up to a few years ago a great many preparations of predigested 
foods were very extensively used in every case of deranged digestion, 
but at the present time, when an artificial food is needed, it is generally 
sterilized cow's milk that is used, and I believe it is the proper food to 
use. 
A great many physicians begin treatment by removing the irritating 
substances from the alimentary canal by giving a good dose of castor 
oil, salts, rhubarb, or, by a plan that is often resorted to and is very 
popular with some, by giving copious injections. 
If the latter plan is adopted, a large amount of water should be 
used, so that the entire lower bowel can be thoroughly washed. The 
water that is used should be previously boiled, and some authors suggest 
that it should contain naphthol, five grains to the half-quart, others pre- 
fer salicylate of sodium. I usually add two or three tablespoonfuls of 
Listerine, and I believe that it meets every indication better than any 
other preparation. There is no doubt in my mind that the antiparasitic 
and anti fermentative preparations are productive of the best results. Of 
the numerous preparations of this character that are now on the market 
Listerine has by far the largest number of advocates, and I believe from 
quite a large experience with it, that it justly deserves the recognition 
and indorsement that the medical profession has so universally given it. 
68 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Its therapeutic effects are dependent entirely upon its power to disinfect, 
so far as it is possible, the alimentary canal. 
The formula that I am in the habit of using is this: 
Bismuthi subnit 3 j 
Syr. rhei 3 ij 
Listerine 3 vi 
Mist, cretae 3 j M. 
Sig.: A teaspoonful, every three hours, to a child a year old. 
If the child is suffering much pain, which can not be relieved by 
warm applications, a small amount of some preparation of opium may 
be added to this prescription; preferable is the deodorized tincture, six- 
teen drops to the two-ounce mixture. 
Other medicines, of course, are occasionally essential in the proper 
management of a case of infantile diarrhea. My object in writing this 
paper was not to go through the many old familiar routine, yet valuable 
principles, that are laid down in the text-books, but to give a few ideas 
in reference to what I may, probably incorrectly, call specific treatment. 
Geo. M. Campbell, M. D., Halifax, N. S. 
In fermentative disorders of the stomach, and in corresponding forms 
of diarrhea, we consider Listerine certainly a safe, and also a valuable 
preparation. It is not at all unpleasant to take when properly diluted; 
especially, then, as an internal antiseptic do we recommend its use. - 
Maritime Medical News. 
J. A. Chapman, M. D., Lakeland, Florida. 
During an epidemic of dysentery, which invaded this section during 
the summer of '85, I had an opportunity to thoroughly test the efficacy of 
Listerine. Where there is much prostration or very offensive stools, I 
have found nothing to take the place of Listerine, administered in half 
to a teaspoonful doses internally, at intervals of one to two hours. 
Excellent results were also derived from a drachm or more, added to an 
injection of water or mucilage. Although I found more or less nausea 
in all cases, Listerine was never rejected by the stomach. 
Wm. R. Neville, M. D., Woodbury, Md. 
As the summer months approach, we, as physicians, are called upon 
to combat that disease so dreaded by mothers, cholera infantum. I have 
found nothing so valuable in this direction as Listerine, as an anti- 
ferment, combined with mistura cretse, or bismuth. The following 
formula I have used most successfully: 
I£ Bismuthi subnit 3 iss 
Listerine o ss 
Glycerinum 3 ij 
Mistura cretae q. s. 5 ij M. 
Sig.: Teaspoonful every three or four hours. 
69 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS IN DISEASES INCIDENT TO 
THE SECOND SUMMER OF CHILDHOOD, 
AND TREATMENT. 
[Abstract of an Article Read Before the Hannibal Medical 
Society, July 23, 1895.] 
By R. H. Goodier, M. D., Hannibal, Mo. 
In the discharge of professional obligations, I know of no condition 
that I approach with more sense of responsibility or with more appre- 
hension, than diseases incident to the second summer of childhood. 
Especially is this true of bottle-fed infants. 
Improper feeding is a very fruitful source of trouble; this may 
mean overfeeding, insufficient feeding or impure feeding. Many children 
suffer from insufficient feeding, both in quantity and quality; in either 
instance we have a run-down, impoverished economy as the result of 
inanition. With this low, depraved vitality we can scarcely expect 
much resistance or tolerance of vitiating influence. * * * 
The treatment of gastro-intestinal disease in infants divides itself, 
to my mind, into three divisions, namely: evacuant, antiseptic and tonic. 
The evacuant treatment is primarily of greatest importance. In the 
first place, the child must be put under the best possible hygienic con- 
dition. Pure water and pure air, with plenty of out-door exercise, are 
important factors in treatment, I believe pure water, water that has 
been boiled and kept cool, is as essential a part of treatment as any 
medication we have. 
I have no patience with the prudence that would withhold water 
from a dry, parched and burning thirst; no torture is so imminent and 
tyrannical. Use water! Be a radical hydropath; inject a quart of tepid 
water into the bowel of your little patient; use with this some mild anti- 
septic, and I know of none better than Listerine, three to four table- 
spoonfuls to the quart. Inject slowly and without force, allowing the 
water to return alongside the tube. The washing cleanses the bowel sur- 
faces, removes irritant material, relieves straining, and is grateful and 
soothing to the inflamed and congested surfaces; it abstracts heat and 
inflammation, and induces a tonicity and repair of nervous energy. 
But this is not yet enough water. A tepid bath should be given 
two or three times a day, and during the interval of bathing, if the heat 
and prostration are great, repeated spongings should be advised; with 
much heat of the head, cold compresses should be used. 
70 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
Great care and special attention should also be given to the diet. 
At times it is best to withhold food entirely, for, with a congested and 
altered state of the alimentary tract, assimilation is perverted, and the 
ingestion of milk will aggravate and greatly intensify existing bowel 
trouble by undergoing fermentation and putrefactive change, inducing 
ptomaines and auto-infection. At such times barley water is often well 
borne, and seems to have a good effect. 
That antiseptic medication plays an important role in the treatment 
of these summer troubles is unquestionable when we admit the tenability 
of the germ theory. Antiseptics are used to neutralize and destroy the 
media or culture of bacteria and micro-organisms, which come as the 
result of putrefactive and fermentative changes. Principal among these 
for efficiency and safety are Listerine, boracic acid, turpentine, salol, 
glycerine, bismuth, etc. Bismuth is only mildly antiseptic, but what it 
lacks in antisepsis it makes up in other valuable points, such as a seda- 
tive, detergent, deodorizer and protective. Bichloride of mercury and 
carbolic acid are our most potent germicides, but their indication is dis- 
proportionate to their danger. Tonic, sustaining or reconstructive treat- 
ment, comprises such therapeutics as will build up and conserve vital 
energies. Their chief indication and use in these cases are after active 
stages subside, when tissue building needs force and stimulation. I will 
not enumerate these, for the indication suggesting their use will also 
suggest their appropriate selection.-Medical Review. 
D. E. Ruff, M. D., Junction City, Oregon. 
In the latter part of July my fourteen-months-old child was taken 
with cholera infantum, and, after being sick one week, and not expected 
to live, I received by mail some printed matter relating to Listerine. 
After glancing hurriedly over it, I placed him upon Listerine, and after 
three hours could notice a change for the better, and in three days he 
was convalescent; it was used both by mouth and per rectum. 
When first put upon the Listerine, his actions had the odor of de- 
caying animal matter, and were passed involuntarily every ten or fifteen 
minutes; did not use by injection till the third day after commencing 
Listerine treatment, when the actions were bloody. 
I feel that my child's life was saved by the Listerine, and since I 
first used it (about July 20th), I have prescribed it in over one hun- 
dred cases, and uniformly with success and happy results. 
71 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
ACUTE ENTERO-COLITIS. 
By Alexander B. Briggs, M. D., Ashaway, R. I. 
It is estimated that over seventy per cent, of deaths from all causes 
in children under two years of age are due to some abdominal disease, 
and of this number over thirty per cent, are due to some disease arising 
from defective or faulty nutrition. Of the predisposing causes of these 
diseases, perhaps the one that most often enters into the list is inju- 
dicious food. 
During the summer months the physician is daily called to pre- 
scribe for these complaints, and the one great question for him to decide 
is: what food shall be administered, and in what form? We have all 
classes of children to contend with, some with the hereditary tubercular 
taint; some suffering from previous debilitating diseases; others from 
injudicious food, bad air, want of cleanliness, etc., and many times the 
healthiest children, when deprived of breast-milk during the first year 
of life, succumb to these diseases. 
Most of these cases of entero-colitis may be classed under three 
heads. First, the period of premonition. The child at times appears 
to be in good health and spirits, alternating with periods of depression; 
it is peevish and irritable, the mother says, without any appreciable 
cause; the flesh becomes flabby; the skin loses that soft and glossy look; 
it quite frequently throws up its food, which is always strongly acid; 
its appetite is capricious; the bowels may be constipated, alternating for 
a day or so at a time with diarrhoea; the passes look like clay, and often 
contain white lumps that look like putty. This period is rapidly fol- 
lowed by the second, that of emaciation. In this stage the above symp- 
toms are all aggravated; there is more or less fever; the vomiting in- 
creases, but the vomit always retains its acid condition; the bowel irrita- 
tion is more marked; diarrhoea is almost always present; the discharges 
now take on a green color, are very offensive, markedly acid, and they 
always contain undigested food; the child loses flesh, its eyes are bright, 
but it begins to have an "old" look, often refuses its food, but will 
swallow spoonful after spoonful of water, if fed to it by its nurse. 
In the third stage, that of exhaustion, the symptoms are all aggra- 
vated; the child rolls its head from one side to the other almost con- 
tinuously; its appetite is ferocious, taking bottleful after bottleful of 
food, which is vomited almost as soon as taken, only to whine and 
72 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
whimper after more; there is an aphthous condition of the mouth and 
throat; it is restless, sleepless, and looks like an old person; as the old 
women say, "The child will not live, it looks too old fashion." Many 
times during this stage the vomiting ceases, but the diarrhoea increases 
even to twenty or thirty passes in twenty-four hours; the emaciation is 
great; the abdomen becomes sunken, "boat shaped;" the extremities 
cold, and marked with spots the size of a nickel, of a dirty purple color. 
During this stage, convulsions often set in, convulsion after convulsion 
often following one another with no period of consciousness intervening 
until death ends the scene. More often the sleeplessness, constant whin- 
ing and crying for food and water continue, until the child dies in the 
last stages of inanition. 
Of the nature of the disease we do not wish to say much. It is 
quite evident that in the majority of our cases the trouble lies in the 
primary digestion of the food, and not in the secondary assimilation, 
although, without doubt, in some cases both conditions are present. The 
disease usually comes on from the age of six months to two years. 
Very seldom it is seen after three years of age. The exciting cause is an 
acid fermentation of the food, caused, no doubt, by the excessive devel- 
opment of bacteria in the food, either before, during or after digestion. 
Entero-colitis is a disease wholly distinct from cholera infantum, 
although it often masquerades under the latter name, many times being 
due to the attending physician, who calls every case of this nature by 
that name. In looking over the death certificates filled out by the 
physician, it is far from infrequent to find the "cause of death" put 
down as "cholera infantum," and the "duration of disease" from 
"three to five weeks." 
The treatment of the disease may best be considered under three 
heads: clearing out of the alimentary canal, diet, antisepsis. As has 
been seen, among the first symptoms are vomiting and diarrhoea. 
These are nature's efforts to relieve our little patients and we can do no 
better than second her efforts. The stomach and bowels contain more 
or less fermentative matter, undigested food and septic matter, the 
development of bacteria having been going on during the first stage of 
the disease, or the period of premonition. If the physician attempts to 
check the vomiting and diarrhoea at this stage, woe unto his patient. 
We have found nothing better for this stage of the treatment than tablets 
of calomel and bicarbonate soda, one grain each; one tablet every half 
hour until six or eight have been given; to be followed by one or two 
teaspoonfuls of castor oil. In a healthy child very few bacteria are 
found in the passes from the bowels, while in these cases they are often 
found in great numbers. As soon as we have secured a free catharsis, 
we should supplement the treatment by antiseptic enemata, with the 
twofold purpose of flushing out the colon and rectum, and for their 
medicinal action. Nothing has served us better for this part of the 
treatment than from one to three pints of warm water, to which has 
73 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
been previously added § ii to § iv of Listerine. In the dysenteric variety 
of entero-colitis, where there is much straining, persistent tenesmus, 
and abdominal pain, some of the liquid preparations of opium may be 
added to these enemata. 
In the medicinal treatment of entero-colitis, antisepsis still holds 
good; benefit will often be obtained from some such combination as 
the following: 
5 Bismuth subnit 5 iss 
Pulv. cret. praep 0 ii 
Listerine 5 ss 
Aq. menth. pip q. s. ad 5 iv 
Sig.: Dose (for a child one year old), one teaspoonful every four 
hours. 
Cleanliness is of the utmost importance in the treatment of these 
cases. The child should be bathed at least once a day; the napkins after 
a thorough boiling should be rinsed in warm water, into which has been 
added some antiseptic; the clothing should be light and cool, with a 
flannel band around the abdomen; all long dresses and skirts should be 
discarded, and the child should not be held in the lap of the nurse long 
at any one time, as by so doing the heat is materially increased. 
Perhaps the most important part of the treatment in acute entero- 
colitis is the food; certainly without due care and judgment along this 
particular line all other treatment we may institute will be nil. As we 
have stated, the disease seems to depend more upon an inability to digest 
the food than to assimilate it. Such being the case, it would seem that 
whatever food be given the first few days of the disease, should be in a 
form partially digested or easily digestible, or, what is preferable, in 
some cases, none at all be given. In children who have their mother's 
breast-milk to fall back upon, we are in the habit of stopping all food 
for the first twenty-four hours, giving instead a full amount of pure 
water that has been previously sterilized by boiling; for the next day 
or two giving them the breast, in a limited amount, and gradually 
returning to a full diet. 
When we have to depend upon some substitute for the mother's 
milk, two very important points should always be borne in mind. First, 
it is worse than useless to give food that can not be digested; and, sec- 
ond, the food must not be given in too large a quantity at any one time. 
A properly selected food, given a little at a time, and often, has saved 
many a child's life, while food that can not be digested, forced into the 
child's stomach, frequently in large quantities, has killed ten times as 
many. The habit, some mothers have, of resorting to the nursing bottle 
to quiet the child whenever it worries, is most pernicious, and always in- 
creases the diarrhoea. A half pint or pint of warm, antiseptic water, to 
which a few drops of paregoric have been added, thrown into the rec- 
tum, will seldom fail to relieve the tenesmus or colicky pain from which 
the child is suffering.-Atlantic Medical Weekly. 
74 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
ENTERO-COLITIS OF INFANCY. 
[Extract from a Paper Read Before the Mississippi State Medical 
Association, April 21, 1892.] 
N. L. Clarke, M. D., Meridian, Miss. 
Listerine is a valuable addition to the therapeutics of entero-colitis, 
as we get its antiseptic action without risk of poisoning or producing 
irritation. 
When there is much fermentation in the bowels, producing disten- 
tion, salicylate of sodium, with bismuth, or salicylate of bismuth, acts 
well. Salol has been highly extolled for this condition, but I have been 
disappointed in its action, and prefer other drugs. Alcoholic stimulants 
are usually well borne, and may be given pro re naia. 
Irrigation of the bowels has given me great satisfaction. Introduce 
a soft rubber catheter 8, 1 0 or 12 inches into the bowel, to which attach 
a syringe (preferably a fountain syringe), and use from one-half to a 
gallon of water, letting it flush the bowel, and return. Often, when there 
is restlessness, pain and tenesmus, this amount of water, used as warm as 
can be borne, will quiet the child in a few moments, and give relief for 
hours. After the bowel has been thoroughly washed, the application of 
the following prescription can be made, which will add to the good 
results obtained by the water: 
5 Bismuthi subnit 3 iv 
Acid boracic 3 j 
Listerine 3 ij 
Add to one pint of tepid water. Introduce slowly, as high up as 
possible, and, if necessary, use compression against the rectum to pre- 
vent its return. 
By this method medicines are applied more effectually than by the 
mouth, as the application can be made directly to the diseased mem- 
brane. Such antiseptics as carbolic acid and bichloride of mercury are 
too poisonous to be used in this way.-Mississippi Medical Monthly. 
75 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
ENTERO-COLITIS. 
By J. M. Simpson-Martin, M. D., Massey, Texas. 
The season is now fast arriving when we shall be called upon to 
prescribe for the various bowel troubles. * * * 
A purely nervous influence may cause a diarrhoea, or a chill may 
produce it. The more common causes are irritating foods and liquids, 
impurities in the drinking water or in the atmosphere. In rural dis- 
tricts, where children are free as the wind, it is almost impossible to 
enforce strict laws of diet. Children are allowed to overload their 
stomachs day after day. The result of the practice is an irritation of the 
intestinal mucous membrane, at first slight, but increasing with the cause. 
The first symptoms are probably a little nausea and vomiting. The 
irritation continues until a soil is prepared for the reception, growth 
and development of the pathogenic microbes; an enteritis is set up, which 
soon becomes chronic. The discharges are muco-purulent or bloody, 
having a fetid and sickening odor. A small amount of fecal matter may 
accompany the discharges, which are often quite frequent, though the 
frequency, quantity and quality of the stools vary exceedingly; sometimes 
the patient enjoys no rest from their recurrence, while in another case 
the number does not exceed two or three in twenty-four hours. This 
diversity is often found in different periods of the same case. In some 
cases the amount of the discharges is trifling, in others, it is abundant. 
Occasionally portions of membrane are discharged, and in rare in- 
stances tubes of considerable length; obviously the result of a plastic 
inflammation, throwing coagulable lymph upon the surface of the 
mucous membrane. Such cases are usually troublesome. In severe 
cases it is of the utmost importance to make frequent examinations of 
the stools. It is the only means of determining the state of the disease. 
Believing that an improper diet will produce an irritation of the 
intestinal mucous membrane, and that a disease-producing (pathogenic) 
germ, which is present everywhere, may reach the point, and produce 
an enteritis or colitis, we are at once made to understand the cause of 
summer diarrhoeas. Since we know the cause, we know the treatment, 
76 LISTERINE IN DISORDERS OF DIGESTION. 
and an antiseptic treatment suggests itself. All foods should be in liquid 
form, and when not retained by the stomach should be given by 
enema. Milk is probably the best diet, though great care is necessary 
in preparing it for the patient. I know of no media better suited to con- 
vey germs to the system. Milk should be fresh or thoroughly sterilized 
before giving it to the patient. 
Treatment.-In mild cases I order the following: 
5 Hydrgr. chloridum mite gr. ss 
Pulv. ipecac gr. iiss 
Sodii bicarb gr. iv 
M. et fiat chart, no. v. Sig.: One powder every hour. 
When all are taken, give a saline cathartic. After free action of 
bowels, begin the following: 
5 Bismuthi subnitras 3 j 
Listerine 3 ss 
Glycerinum 3 ss 
Mistura cretae 3 ss 
Aq. menth. pip q. s. ad 3 ij M. 
Sig.: One teaspoonful every two hours. 
In mild cases the above will often give good results. 
If there is much mucus and blood, frequent, but small, painful 
stools, accompanied with a good deal of straining, the following will 
succeed in most cases: 
5 Hydrgr. chloridum mite gr. x 
Pulv. ipecac gr. x 
Bismuthi subnitras 3 j 
Sodii salicylas 3 ss 
Zinci sulphocarbolas gr. x 
M. et fiat chart, no. x. Sig.: One powder every two hours, followed 
by a saline cathartic. 
After which the following will be found efficient: 
B Tr. opii camph 
Spir. camphorae 
Syr. rhei 
Syr. zingiberis aa 3 ss 
Listerine 3 J M. 
Sig.: One teaspoonful every two hours, until discharges become 
normal. 
An enema of corn starch, containing 1 0 or 15 drops of tr. opium, 
will often give good results.-Texas Courier-Record of Medicine. 
77 In all matters of Personal Hygiene, Listerine is Most Acceptable. 
MISCELLANEOUS USES FOR LISTERINE. 
From time to time, physicians have kindly advised us of their 
incidental use of Listerine, its pleasant character making it particularly 
acceptable in matters of personal hygiene. 
Bad Breath.-For bad breath, from any cause, Listerine, either in- 
ternally or as a mouth-wash, full strength or diluted, is a perfect 
deodorizer. 
Dandruff.-Applied to the scalp every day, either full strength or 
with one or two parts water, Listerine is almost a specific. 
Sore Nipples.-A mixture of Listerine, one ounce, and glycerine, three 
ounces, applied immediately after each nursing, makes an ex- 
cellent dressing for cracked and ulcerated nipples. 
Hoarseness.-Physicians are rarely disappointed in the use of Lis- 
terine for singers and public speakers. 
Sore Throat.-Used as a gargle every three to four hours, Listerine, 
agreeably diluted, will be found very efficacious. 
Cough.-A mixture consisting of one part Listerine, one part water, 
and two parts pure glycerine, forms a useful remedy, in that it 
allays throat irritation very effectively. It may be taken frequently, 
in doses of a quarter to a half teaspoonful for infants and children, 
to one or two teaspoonfuls for adults. 
Inhalants.-An effective inhalant is made by taking of carbolic acid 
and alcohol, each ten parts; aqua ammonia, twelve parts; and 
Listerine, twenty parts. A two-ounce, wide-mouthed bottle is filled 
one-third with this mixture, and enough absorbent cotton intro- 
duced to absorb the solution; it is then ready for use by inhalation. 
Another method: Put into a small pitcher, a teaspoonful of gum 
camphor, and a tablespoonful of Listerine; add boiling water, 
and breathe the warm vapor through a paper cone, the narrow 
end of which should be cut to fit the nose. The patient may be 
directed to inhale this vapor for a few minutes, every two or three 
hours. 
Headache.-Applications of Listerine, diluted with water, together 
with its inhalation from a handkerchief, will often relieve a ner- 
vous headache. 
78 As a Deodorant and Antiseptic for the Sick-Room, Listerine stands Pre-eminent. 
MISCELLANEOUS USES FOR LISTERINE. 
Stings or Bites of Insects.-Listerine, freely applied in full strength, 
will mitigate the pain, prevent excessive swelling, and, in a great 
measure, counteract the poisonous effect. A singularly successful 
measure of relief is afforded by applying to the affected parts, a 
paste made of Listerine and borax. 
Poison Oak or Ivy.-The application of pure Listerine will counteract 
the irritating effect of poison ivy, if freely applied soon after con- 
tact with the poisonous plant. In the eruptive stage, a mixture 
composed of equal parts of Listerine and lime water, has proved 
useful. 
Frost-Bite.-In the primary, as well as in the secondary treatment of 
frosted hands, feet, etc., the intolerable itching, smarting or burn- 
ing sensation is allayed, all disagreeable odor prevented, and the 
restoration of new tissue promoted, by frequently bathing the 
affected parts with Listerine, pure or diluted, as conditions may 
indicate. 
Sponge Bath.-An ounce of Listerine, in a pint or quart of water, 
forms a refreshing application for sponge bathing, during illness 
or health, whilst a few ounces added to the bath, enhances its 
tonicity and beneficial effect. 
Listerine in the Sick-Room.-The vapor evolved by the use of Lis- 
terine in the sick-room, by means of a spray, or saturated cloths 
hung about, is actively ozonifying; at the same time it imparts 
to the atmosphere an agreeable odor which proves very refreshing 
to the patient. 
For the Hands.-We emphasize here the incomparable value of Lis- 
terine for deodorizing the hands of the operator during the man- 
agement of cancerous and fetid ulcers, offensive lochial discharges, 
and in the clinic, and dissecting-room. Surgeons have uniformly 
pronounced it far superior to any deodorizer yet formulated. 
Preservative.-Listerine is very useful to surgeons and physicians, as 
a preservative. Pathological specimens preserved in a Listerine 
solution remain flexible and soft, instead of becoming hard and 
shrunken; use full strength, or one to four. A little Listerine 
added to ink prevents thickening; it will also keep flour paste 
or mucilage from becoming sour. 
Instruments.-Listerine is superior to other antiseptics for moistening 
sponge electrodes, and for cleansing instruments, keeping the 
former sweet, and producing no rust upon the latter. 
79 TESTIMONIALS. 
Nearly every day in the year, the postman brings to our desk a 
letter from some member of the medical profession who has derived satis- 
faction from the use of Listerine, and does not hesitate to say so. 
Each additional letter received by us, containing these kind assur- 
ances of continued confidence in our product, serves to increase our 
sense of responsibility and obligation to the profession, to most care- 
fully maintain the standard of excellence for our antiseptic, of which 
the word "Listerine" is descriptive. 
A valued correspondent, who has extensively employed Listerine 
for many years, having occasion to write us for special literature, says: 
"Listerine, the original, and best of antiseptic compounds of its 
class, is my one reliable and unfailing agent. Its imitators are legion, 
who offer and urge me to employ their 'just as good as Listerine and so 
much cheaper' preparations, but I let them alone, preferring the tried 
and trustworthy Listerine to their cheap attempts, in the greed of gain, 
to displace an honorable article, which is always pure and good." 
80 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES 
Concerning the Antiseptic Action of a Mixture of 
the Volatile Essences. 
BY 
DR. PROF. R. DE LA ACENA BATTILANA 
AND 
L. FAYT, 
Members of the Association of Analytical Chemists of the 
PASTEUR INSTITUTE, 
PARIS. 
Reprinted from the 
"JOURNAL DE MEDICINE DE PARIS," 
1902. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES. 
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES 
Concerning the Antiseptic Action of a Mixture of the 
Volatile Essences. 
By Dr. Prof. R. de la Acena Battilana, and L. Fayt, 
Members of the Association of Analytical Chemists of the Pasteur 
Institute, Paris. 
Following the important studies of Chamberland,f demonstrating 
that the vapors of essences possess the same antiseptic properties as the 
essences themselves acting by direct contact, Cadeac and Meunier^ 
published an extremely valuable article under the title: "The antiseptic 
action of the volatile oils," which they conclude as follows: 
"We have observed that the antiseptic power of a mixture of the 
volatile oils is greater than the sum of the power of all the essential 
oils present; this fact suggested to us the importance of the consider- 
ation of the bactericidal powers of mixtures of essential oils, as we 
believed that a study of the physiological action of the aromatic sub- 
stances would attract the attention of the scientific world, and would 
add to the list of antiseptics, very active products which have been 
wrongfully neglected." 
It is a known fact that the antiseptic power of a substance depends 
upon the degree of the virulence of the micro-organisms which it has to 
combat. We have therefore conducted our investigations with a view 
to determining the value of Listerine as a general antiseptic, in the 
presence of a mixture of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria; or, in other 
words, the bacteria of putrefaction, such as, bacillus subtilis, bacillus 
butyricus, bacillus megaterium, and bacterium termo, which, in albu- 
minoids, produce putrefactive changes more or less marked; also as a 
fAnales de 1'Institut Pasteur, tome I. 
tAnales de 1'Institut Pasteur, tome III. 
83 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES. 
specific antiseptic, in the presence of the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, the 
bacillus of Eberth, and the staphylococcus and streptococcus pyogenes 
derived from a case of puerperal septicemia. 
With each of the above-mentioned bacteria we endeavored to 
determine: 
1. The absolute antiseptic power of Listerine. 
2. Its antiseptic power as compared with that of carbolic acid. 
3. Its power to sterilize various cultures of micro-organisms. 
4. The time which is required to render cultures sterile. 
5. In what strength it inhibits the growth of micro-organisms. 
For the determination of these various properties we selected the 
method which, in the light of present knowledge, is looked upon as the 
best; we first placed the bacteria in immediate contact with Listerine, 
to allow them to be thoroughly acted upon, and then we made cultures, 
using as the culture medium a neutralized and peptonized veal bouillon. 
Knowing that the first indication in therapeutics is primo non nocere, and 
that most antiseptics are poisonous, and remembering that we desired 
to investigate the value of Listerine, not only for the laboratory, but 
for the living body, we also studied its toxical equivalent in order to 
know the exact dose which could be used with perfect safety. 
Before proceeding to describe our experiments and their result, it 
is necessary, to avoid confusion and to facilitate comprehension, to ex- 
plain two terms which are employed; namely, the inhibitory dose, and 
the bactericidal dose. 
The inhibitory dose is the smallest quantity of an antiseptic capa- 
ble of arresting the development of bacteria in a culture medium. The 
bactericidal dose is divided into two classes: 
1st. The smallest quantity of an antiseptic which will destroy, 
in a variable time, all the micro-organisms present. 
2d. The smallest quantity of an antiseptic capable of killing, 
within a stated time, all the bacteria present. 
To determine the inhibitory dose of Listerine generally, we placed 
in each one of a number of test tubes, exactly 10 grams of peptonized 
and neutralized veal bouillon, and added to each test tube, Listerine in 
proportions varying from 0.01 % to 50% of the weight of the bouillon, 
thoroughly mixing the solution, after which each tube was impregnated 
with a pure culture of the microbes of putrefaction named above, and 
84 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES. 
carefully sealed to prevent evaporation of the Listerine. The tubes were 
then placed in an incubator, and kept at a temperature of 35° Cent, 
for fifteen days, being carefully examined several times daily. The 
same plan was followed in studying the effects of carbolic acid upon 
the bacteria mentioned above. (See Table I.) After fifteen days 
we repeated these experiments with solutions of Listerine of various 
strengths, to verify our previous tests. 
To determine the bactericidal dose we permitted Listerine to re- 
main for a longer or shorter period in contact with different bacteria, 
and then made a culture of the bacteria, in sterile bouillon. For this 
purpose we used the impregnated tubes of the first experiment, placing 
four drops from each tube in a tube of sterile bouillon, which, after 
being well agitated, was kept in the incubator at 35° Cent, for 24 
hours. From this, new cultures in sterile bouillon were made, the ob- 
ject of this reculture being to rid the bacteria of the antiseptic by a 
thorough washing in sterile bouillon. Water was not employed in the 
washing because an abrupt change of media is often fatal to micro- 
organisms, especially when they are enfeebled, as were those in our 
experiments, by the contact with Listerine. If the last tube used in 
reculturing is found sterile, it is conclusive proof that the germs have 
been killed, because they have failed to grow in a medium favorable 
to their development. (Table II.) 
For the determination of the bactericidal dose of Listerine within 
a definite time, we prepared several test tubes containing various pro- 
portions of Listerine. These we impregnated with putrefactive micro- 
organisms, and the various pathogenic bacteria cited above, and allowed 
the contact to be prolonged for certain periods, after which we made 
cultures in sterile bouillon, but only after having washed the bacteria, 
as explained above. These test tubes, placed in the incubator, gave us 
the results noted in Table III. 
85 STERILIZING Power.-Impregnation of sterile bouillon with cultures, 24 hours old. Listerine was added to each culture 
tube in proportions varying from 0.01% to 50% of the weight of the bouillon. 
Bacillus subtilis, 
" butyricus, 
" megaterium, 
Bacterium termo. 
Bacillus diphtheriae 
(Klebs-Loeffler). 
Bacillus typhi abdomi- 
nalis (Typhoid bacillus 
of Eberth). 
Staphylococcus 
pyogenes aureus. 
Staphyloc. and Strep- 
tococcus pyogenes 
(Of puerperal 
septicemia). 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
in all the tubes 
between o.oi and 
5% Listerine. 
" nth: Germination 
to 7-35% 
" 12th: Germination 
to 9.8% 
" 13th: Germination 
to 14-7% 
To May 25th : No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 4.9% 
" nth: No change 
" 12th: A little cloudy 
" 13th: Germination 
to 7-35% 
To May 25th : No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 2.5% 
" nth: No change 
" 12th: Germination 
to 4.9% 
To May 25th : No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 5% 
" nth: Germination 
to 6% 
" 12th: Germination 
to 7-35% 
T0 May 25th: No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 5% 
" nth: No change 
" 12th: Germination 
to 4.9% 
" 13th : No change 
" 14th: Germination 
to 7-35% 
To May 25th: No change 
The same experiments made with a 4% solution of carbolic acid: 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 4.9% 
" nth: Germination 
to 7-35% 
To May 25th: No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 2.5% 
" nth: Germination 
to 3% 
To May 25th : No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 3% 
" nth: Germination 
to 4.9% 
To May 25th: Nochange 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" 10th: Germination 
to 2.5% 
" nth: Germination 
to 4.9% 
To May 25th: No change 
May 9th: Impregnation 
" xoth: Germination 
to 7-35% 
To May 25th : No change 
TAEL.E X. 
86 Conclusions.-A 14.7% solution of Listerine arrests the development of the bacteria of putrefaction. 
A 7.35% solution of Listerine arrests the development of the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus; of the staphylococcus, and of a mix- 
ture of staphylococcus and streptococcus pyogenes. 
A 4.9% solution of Listerine arrests the development of Eberth's bacillus. 
BACTERIA 
LISTERINE 
2% Solution of 
Carbolic Acid 
I. Bacteria of fermentation ----- 
17-5% 
15 % 
2. " " Klebs-Loeffler ------ 
8 % 
8 % 
3. " " Eberth ------- 
9 % 
11 % 
4. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus ------- 
7-5% 
11.6% 
5. Mixture of staphylococcus and streptococcus pyogenes - 
8-5% 
16 % 
BACTERIA 
LISTERINE 
TIME 
I. Bacteria of fermentation -------- 
2. " " Klebs-Loeffler - - - - - - 
3. " " Eberth ------- 
4. Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus ------- 
5. Mixture of staphylococcus and streptococcus pyogenes - - - - 
60% 
10% 
40% 
60% 
50% 
2 minutes 
10 " 
10 " 
15 
20 " 
Tja-BLiE XXX. 
BACTERICIDAL DOSE FOR A DEFINITE TIME. 
TABT.E XX. 
BACTERICIDAL DOSE. 
87 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES. 
In our studies of the toxic power or equivalent of Listerine, we 
employed the method of intravenous injection, which we consider su- 
perior to that of absorption by the digestive tract. 
Professor Bouchard says: "The administration of a drug by 
the digestive tract, in order to study its toxicity for the organism, is 
decidedly unsatisfactory, for the results obtained are not exact, owing 
to the fact (1 ) that the drug must be given in an acceptable dilution; 
(2) that all of the drug is not absorbed, some of it being eliminated, 
as in the feces; (3) absorption by the digestive tract goes on very 
slowly, and the organism has time to defend itself by eliminating and 
becoming accustomed to the presence of the drug. The intravenous 
method is the most exact, most inoffensive and least painful." 
By the intravenous method we can introduce, in the brief space 
of time of one total circuit of the blood in the organism, a definite 
quantity of a toxic substance, and know exactly how much of it is 
present in the body at the moment when the first symptoms of intoxi- 
cation appear. 
The toxic equivalent is defined by Professor Bouchard as "The 
quantity of an antiseptic necessary to kill one kilogram of living matter 
of the animal upon which one is experimenting." 
This quantity varies in different animals. For our experiments 
we chose rabbits, and made the injections in the posterior marginal vein 
at the back of the ear. 
We here give the results of our experiments. The phenomena ob- 
served were the same in all the rabbits. After the injection of the fifth 
or sixth cubic centimeter, the pupils become smaller, the respirations be- 
come rapid and somewhat superficial, the animal becomes weaker, grows 
somnolent, the temperature falls, and finally death ensues, with con- 
tracted pupils, but without convulsions. 
Experiment 1.-Rabbit: weight 1 685 grams; death 5 minutes 
and 45 seconds after an injection of 26 c. c. of Listerine; according 
to which 17.15 grams are necessary to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
Experiment 2.-18.13 grams were needed to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
Experiment 3.-16.90 grams were needed to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit 
Experiment 4.- 1 7.62 grams were needed to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
Experiment 5.-18.42 grams were needed to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
Experiment 6.- 1 7.30 grams were needed to kill 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
88 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES. 
We find, therefore, that the average toxic dose of Listerine is 
1 7.58 grams for 1 kilogram of rabbit. 
Experiments similar to the above, with 4% solution of carbolic 
acid showed that only 3 grams of this solution are needed to cause 
the death of 1 kilogram of rabbit; of naphthol only 0.08 gram are 
required to accomplish the same result. 
These experiments conclusively demonstrate the extremely mild 
degree of toxicity of Listerine as compared with other commonly used 
antiseptics. According to our experiments carbolic acid is 146 times, 
and naphthol 219 times more toxic than Listerine. 
Resume.-Our experiments have taught us that Listerine can be 
used with safety in far greater doses than carbolic acid; that it is a 
more rapidly-acting antiseptic, and is more useful; owing to the fact 
that it is non-irritating, and but slightly toxic, it can be employed with- 
out fear, in large doses, and as it does not, even in its pure state, 
coagulate albumin, its value as a disinfectant becomes more apparent. 
Owing to the toxicity and causticity of carbolic acid, it can only be 
used in weak solutions, and in small quantities, 1 % being usually the 
strongest solution which may be safely used externally, and 1 part 
to 1000, internally. 
We believe we have demonstrated by our researches, the advan- 
tages of Listerine, and it appears to us that this mixture of essential 
oils, which possesses such powerful antiseptic properties, should be 
more generally used by the medical profession than it is at present. 
Dr. Prof. R. de la Acena Battilana. 
Chimiste de 1'Institut Pasteur. 
Ingenieur-Chimiste. 
Licencie es-Sciences. 
Membre de la Societe Chimique de Paris. 
Membre de 1'Association des Chimistes analystes de 
1'Institut Pasteur. 
[Signe: BATTILANA.] 
L. Fayt. 
Chimiste de 1'Institut Pasteur. 
Pharm. de Ire classe. 
Membre de la Societe Chimique de Paris. 
Membre de 1'Association des Chimistes analystes de 
1'Institut Pasteur. 
[Signe: Fayt.] 
Paris, le 16 Juin, 1902. 
89 *<Listerine Prevents the Various Fermentations, ard is a Swift and 
Sure Destroyer of Infusorial Life." 
G. W. McCaskey, A. M., M. D., 
Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine, Fort Wayne College 
of Medicine. 
* * ¥ "To km a pathogenic organism is one thing, to in- 
hibit or suspend its growth and functional activity is quite another. 
Rendered powerless to increase in numbers, the few septic organisms 
which primarily gain access to the wound, are as harmless as so many 
particles of lifeless organic or inorganic matter. So long as they do not 
functionate they can do no harm. * * * Solutions of antiseptics 
one-fifteenth as strong as those required to kill a given germ (its lethal 
dose) will render it functionally inactive, and consequently harmless, in 
wounds during the continued action of the antiseptic, and for a variable 
time thereafter. This should be called its inhibitive dose. In solutions 
of antiseptics materially weaker than one-fifteenth the lethal dose, 
bacteria will flourish, to all appearances, quite as well as though no 
antiseptic were present."-Medical Record, July 13, 1889. 
"Listerine, Properly Used, Will Overcome the Vitality of All 
Low Forms of Microzoic Life." 
90 LISTERINE UNDER THE 
MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine upon Fer- 
mentative Processes, as Compared 
with Carbolic Acid. 
BY 
FRANK M. DEEMS, M. D., Ph. D. 
President Augusta (Ga.) Academy of Medicine; formerly Laboratory Instructor in the 
Medical Department of the University of New York; Member of the New 
York Microscopical Society; Author of the "Hand-Book of 
Systematic Urinary Analysis, Chemical and 
Microscopical." 
Reprinted from the 
"LOUISVILLE MEDICAL NEWS," 
May 15, 1882. LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE.* 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine upon Fermentative 
Processes, as Compared with Carbolic Acid. 
Frank M. Deems, M. D., Ph. D., 
President Augusta (Ga.) Academy of Medicine; formerly Laboratory 
Instructor in the Medical Department of the University of New 
York; Member of the New York Microscopical Society; 
Author of the "Hand-Book of Systematic Urinary 
Analysis, Chemical and Microscopical." 
"Herewith I submit the report of the investigation I have made 
with the antiseptic combination known as Listerine. The preparation 
itself is a clear liquid, of an acid reaction, a powerful, fragrant, aro- 
matic odor and pungent taste, both of which are rather pleasant and 
agreeable than otherwise. Its specific gravity is considerably lighter 
than that of water, with which, however, it is readily miscible in any 
proportion. Listerine is antizymotic in the strict sense of the word, as 
derived from the Greek anti, against, and zumosis, fermentation. With- 
out entering here into a discussion of the question as to whether or not 
fermentation of every sort (be it alcoholic, acetic, lactic, mannitic, 
butyric, ammoniacal or putrefactive) is due to the action, and formed 
under the influence of living organisms upon the material undergoing 
change, 'it will be admitted on all sides' (Prof. H. C. Wood) 'first, 
that these living entities are the invariable accompaniments, under 
ordinary circumstances, of fermentative processes; second, that sub- 
stances which poison or kill these germs likewise avert these processes.' 
Antizymotics, therefore, are substances used for the purpose of pre- 
venting decomposition, but their most important use is to kill disease- 
germs-to destroy the activity of the living particles which constitute 
contagion. In this sense, I believe, from numerous, varied and re- 
peated tests, the details of which I append to this report, that Listerine 
is a powerful and trustworthy antiseptic agent. It prevents the various 
fermentations. Meat keeps indefinitely in it. It is a swift and sure 
destroyer of infusorial life. It destroys the activity, growth and motion 
of low forms of vegetable life. Owing to this property, combined with 
♦Reprinted from the Louisville Medical Nevus, May 15, 1882. 
93 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
its non-toxic effect on the human system, in quantities medicinal and not 
excessive, it has the immense advantage over carbolic acid in that 
it may be administered internally, as well as used with freedom either 
by injection, lotion or spray in the natural cavities of the body, such as 
the ears, nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, rectum, 
vagina, urethra and bladder. Even in full strength, Listerine does 
not coagulate the albumin of the flesh. I believe that owing to this, 
and its non-poisonous action, it is peculiarly adapted to the treatment 
of diseases affecting these parts, especially those calling for an anti- 
septic remedy. Inasmuch as there is a great difference between the 
environment of germs in ordinary fermentations outside of the body 
(as in the experiments here recorded) and those in the organism, it is 
evident that doses and dilutions of antiseptics generally, and of Lis- 
terine in particular, harmless to the former, may have very great effect 
against the latter; because in the artificially prepared fluids of the 
laboratory the micro-organisms only find comparatively inert matter, 
whereas in the organism they have to contend against the vitality of the 
globules, 'which are, in themselves, a sort of living beings.' I have 
endeavored, as far as possible, to indicate the dilutions required in 
practice, but this point can best be settled by experience. Keeping the 
above statement in view, however, I believe the experiments warrant 
somewhat greater dilutions than those recorded in the experiment and 
conclusions. Pending my investigations of its power over ferments, I have 
used it in my daily practice, and, so far, my clinical experience has 
confirmed my expectations of its efficacy. It is an agreeable and perfect 
tooth and mouth-wash. I have used it with success in purulent con- 
junctivitis (diluted one-third), and two cases of leucorrhoea promptly 
yielded to its use. I shall look for excellent results from its adminis- 
tration during the summer in the various diarrhoeal diseases of that 
season, and especially in those affecting children." 
94 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine in Preventing the 
Development of Bacteria, as Compared with Carbolic Acid. 
Prevention of the Development of Bacteria in an Infusion of Hay. 
Began February 12, 1882. 
Listerine, 25% 20 c. cm. 
Water and Hay, 60 c. cm. 
Carbolic acid solu- 
tion, 5% 20 c. cm. 
Water and Hay, 60 c. cm. 
Water and Hay, untreated. 
13th. No bacteria, or other living 
organisms. Reaction acid. 
13th. No bacteria, or other 
living organisms. Reaction 
acid. 
13th. Full of actively moving 
bacteria. 
15th. No bacteria, or other living 
organisms. Color: light amber. 
Odor of Listerine. Reaction 
acid. 
15th. No bacteria, or other 
living organisms. Color: 
dark, clear amber. Odor of 
Hay. Reaction acid. 
15th. Solution pale and turbid. 
Odor stale. Myriads of diving, 
wriggling, very active organ- 
isms. 
20th. No bacteria. 
Reaction acid. 
20th. No bacteria. 
Reaction acid. 
20th. Sweetish odor. Film of 
bacteria on top of liquid; bac- 
teria multiplying rapidly. 
24th. No bacteria. 
Reaction alkaline. 
24th. Reaction faintly acid. 
No bacteria. 
24th. Reaction alkaline. Odor 
stale. Myriads of very active 
micro-organisms. 
March 9th. 
No bacteria. 
March 9th. 
No bacteria. 
March 9th. Fungi on cork of bot- 
tle. Odor putrid. Same organ- 
isms in greater abundance and 
activity. 
CONCLUSION: A twenty-five per cent solution of Listerine prevents the development of 
bacteria, and, consequently, the decomposition of a vegetable infusion. 
95 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine upon Bacteria, 
as Compared with Carbolic Acid. 
Effect on Bacteria (of Hay) After Development. 
Began February 10, 1882. 
Listerine, 50% 10 c. cm. 
Infusion of Hay, full 
of active bacteria, 10 c. cm. 
Carbolic acid solu- 
tion, 5% 10 c. cm. 
Infusion of Hay, full 
of active bacteria, 10 c. cm. 
Simple infusion of Hay, 
full of bacteria, 20 c. cm. 
11th. Color: brown. The bacteria 
move from side to side, feebly, 
like sick fish. 
11th. Color: brown. The bac- 
teria move somewhat more 
actively than in the preced- 
ing. 
11th. Color: pale. The bacteria 
full of active motion. 
12th. Same condition. 
12th. Same condition. 
12th. Increasing. 
13th. Bacteria living, but ap- 
parently not increasing. 
13th. Ditto. 
13th. Active, abundant and mul- 
tiplying. 
15th. Solution cloudy. Odor of 
Listerine. Bacteria living, but 
feeble. 
15th. Bacteria living, but ap- 
parently stronger than in the 
Listerine solution. 
15th. Cloudy. Sweetish odor. A 
film of "blue mould" floating on 
surface of liquid. 
20th. No change. 
20th. No change. 
20th. Very sour. Shreddy precip- 
itate composed of solid masses 
of bacteria and budding spores. 
24th. No change. 
24th. No change. 
24th. Reaction alkaline. Other 
conditions intensified. 
March 9th. Odor of Listerine. 
There has been no growth or 
multiplication of the few bac- 
teria. They are discreet, and 
manifest only a feeble, side-to- 
side motion, as in the beginning 
of the experiment. 
March 9th. There are more 
bacteria, and they are some- 
what more active in their 
movements than in the pre- 
ceding solution. No mass- 
ing, however. 
March 9th. The solution is putrid, 
and there are myriads of active 
bacteria, and masses of young 
ones. 
CONCLUSION: A fifty per cent solution of Listerine arrests the development of bacteria in a 
vegetable infusion. 
96 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine in Preventing the 
Decomposition of Urine, as Compared with Carbolic Acid. 
Effect as to the Prevention of Bacteria, Fungi and Ammoniacal 
Decomposition in Urine. 
Listerine, 1 ) . 
Urine, 20 i parts- 
Listerine, 1 / 
Urine, 4 i partS- 
Carbolic acid solu- 
tion (1-20), 1) 
Urine, 20 J par 
Plain Urine. 
1st day. No change. 
Reaction acid. 
1st day. No change. 
Reaction acid. 
1st day. No change. 
Reaction acid. 
1st day. A few spores. 
Reaction acid. 
2d day. 
No change. 
2d day. 
No change. 
2d day. 
No change. 
2d day. Acid; cloudy. 
Germinating spores 
with mycelium already 
formed. Numerous, 
active bacteria. 
3d day. Odor sweet. Re- 
action acid. Flocculent 
precipitate. A few 
sluggish bacteria. 
3d day. 
No change. 
3d day. 
Same as preceding. 
3d day. Turbid, and 
markedly putrescent. 
Myriads of active bac- 
teria. Acid. 
Sth day. Cloudy. Odor 
faintly putrescent. 
Tufts of fungi on sides 
of bottle, above level 
of liquid. Numerous, 
tolerably active bac- 
teria. Reaction acid. 
Sth day. 
No change. 
5th day. A few sluggish 
bacteria. No other 
change perceptible. 
Sth day. Very putres- 
cent and turbid. Reac- 
tion neutral. Swarming 
with active bacteria. 
10th day. Acid, Odor of 
decomposition moder- 
ate Numerous bacteria; 
germinating spores; 
crystals of uric acid. 
7th day. 
Color clear; odor 
normal. No micro- 
organisms. 
10th day. Acid. A few 
crystals of oxalate of 
lime. 
10th day. Alkaline. Other 
conditions intensified. 
14th day. Faintly acid. 
Bacteria and fungi. 
14th day (Feb. 24). 
No change during 
the week. 
March 9th. Color clear, 
and no bacteria. 
14th day. 
Ditto. 
14th day. Very ammo- 
niacal. Numerous 
prisms of ammonio- 
magnesian phosphate. 
Bacteria in abundance. 
CONCLUSION: A twenty-five per cent solution of Listerine prevents the development of bac- 
teria and fungi in urine, and a five per cent solution retards the usual changes which this excretion 
undergoes. This seems to recommend, for cystitis and other vesical diseases, a dilution of from 1 to 4, 
to 1 to 10 parts, as an injection into the bladder. 
97 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine as an Antiseptic. 
Effect as to the Prevention of Putrefaction in Organic Solutions, and, incidentally, 
the Preservation of Animal Tissues. 
Experiment Number One. Began February 12, 1882. 
Listerine, containing fragments of 
fresh, lean beef. 
Carbolic acid solution 
(1-20), similarly treated. 
Water, similarly treated. 
13th. Odor of Listerine. 
No bacteria. 
13th. Odor of carbolic acid. 
No bacteria. 
13th. Odor stale. Abundance of 
young, active bacteria. 
ISth. Solution perfectly clear. 
No bacteria. 
15th. Ditto. 
15th. Putrid. A film of bacteria 
on the surface of the fluid, and 
a number of animalculae re- 
sembling paramceciae. 
20th. No micro-organisms of any 
kind. 
20 th. Ditto. 
20th. Odor sickening. Color: 
turbid and sanious. Vibriones 
rapidly darting across the field 
in all directions, and in count- 
less numbers. 
drop of Listerine 
run under the cover glass in- 
stantly arrests their motion.) 
24th. No change. 
24th. No change. 
24th. Odor of advanced putre- 
faction. Reaction alkaline. 
Exceedingly active organisms 
moving with great swiftness in 
all directions. Meat disinte- 
grated and dissolved. 
March 9th. Solution perfectly 
clear. The meat preserved; the 
transverse striae of the muscular 
fibres plainly visible, and no 
organism of any description in 
the fluid. 
March 9th, Ditto. 
CONCLUSION: Animal tissues are preserved in Listerine (full strength), and no putrefaction 
can occur in tissues immersed in it. 
98 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine as an Antiseptic. 
Effect of Diluted Listerine in Preventing Putrefaction in Solutions of Organic 
Matter, and in Preserving Animal Tissues. 
Experiment Number Two. Began March 7, 1882. 
50 per cent. 
33% per cent. 
25 per cent. 
10 per cent. 
5 per cent. 
9th. No bacteria. 
9 th. 
No bacteria. 
9 th. 
No bacteria. 
9 th. 
No bacteria. 
9th. A few, moving 
granules. 
21st. No bacteria; struc- 
ture of the muscular 
fibres perfectly pre- 
served. 
21st. Ditto. 
21st. Ditto. 
2^st Ditto. 
21st. Solution very pu- 
trid, turbid and offen- 
sive. Loaded with 
bacteria, active and 
in masses. Muscular 
fibres disintegrated 
and granular. 
Cooked Beef, in solutions of Listerine, diluted with boiled water. 
CONCLUSION: Listerine, up to a dilution of ten per cent, prevents putrefaction, and preserves 
animal tissues. The above solution being "sterilized," is analogous to the conditions of a freshly- 
made wound. 
MISCELLANEOUS EXPERIMENTS. 
1. A thirty-three and a third per cent solution of Listerine arrests, for a few days, and retards 
permanently, alcoholic fermentation in mixtures prone to, and under suitable conditions for, that 
process. 
2. A six per cent solution of Listerine retards the ciliary motion of vorticellae, and all ciliated 
infusoria, while a stronger solution is swift destruction to all the lower forms of animal life found in 
liquids. It will prove a useful reagent to the microscopist in his biological studies. 
3. A strong solution of Listerine promptly arrests the motion of such algae as diatoms, oscilla- 
toriae, etc., and also the motion of the spores of algae during the process of "spore-swanning." 
99 LISTERINE UNDER THE MICROSCOPE. 
A Tabular Exhibit of the Action of Listerine 
in Preventing Fermentation. 
Effect of Listerine in Preventing Lactic Fermentation (Souring) of Milk. 
Listerine, 1. 
Milk, 4. 
Listerine, 1. 
Milk, 10. 
Listerine, 1. 
Milk, 20. 
Listerine, 1. 
Milk, 32. 
Plain Milk. 
1st day. 
No change. 
1st day. 
No change. 
1st day. 
No change. 
1st day. 
No change. 
2d day. 
Ditto. 
2d day. 
Ditto. 
2d day. 
Ditto. 
2d day. Milk has soured. 
Lactic ferment pres- 
ent, and in abundance. 
4th day. 
Ditto. 
4th day. Is just 
beginning to 
sour. 
4th day. Fer- 
mentation and 
souring more 
pronounced 
than in the 
preceding 
(1-20). 
4th day. Separation of 
curds and whey. Cork 
"pops" on removing 
from bottle. Lactic 
ferment increasing. 
9th day. Odor 
faintly sour. 
Reaction acid. 
Beginning to 
ferment. Casein 
just beginning 
to coagulate. 
9th day. Strongly acid. 
Very sour odor. 
12th day. Actively 
fermenting. 
12th day. Fermenta- 
tion finished. Germ- 
ination of spores. 
14th day. No fungus. 
No separation of 
curd and whey. 
Odor of Listerine. 
Taste sweet and 
slightly pungent, 
owing to the large 
proportion of Lis- 
terine. 
14th day. Taste 
sweet. Odor 
faintly sour. 
Curds and whey 
not separated. 
Faintly pinkish 
fungus on the 
cream. 
14th day. Odor 
stale. Strong- 
ly acid. Par- 
• tial separation 
of curd and 
whey. White 
fungus on 
curd, with a 
trace of red. 
14th day. Re- 
action acid. 
Odor stale. 
Partial sepa- 
ration of curd 
and whey. 
R ed fungus 
on curd. 
14th day. Odor musty. 
Reaction strongly 
acid. Total separation 
of curds and whey. 
Abundant red and blue 
fungus on the surface 
of the curd. 
CONCLUSION: Fresh milk mixed with Listerine in the proportion of one of the latter to ten of 
the former, remains unchanged for a week, in warm weather. One to twenty (1-20) will materially 
retard the usual changes. This indicates an important use for Listerine in the treatment of typhoid 
fever, and in intestinal troubles generally, especially those occurring in artificially-reared infants. 
100 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF 
CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
BY 
W. D. MILLER, A. B„ Ph. D. D. D. S. 
Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry, 
University of Berlin. 
Reprinted from the 
"INDEPENDENT PRACTITIONER," 
August, 1885. COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN 
ANTISEPTICS. 
By W. D. Miller, A. B., Ph. D., D. D. S., 
Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry, University of Berlin. 
In the Independent Practitioner of 1 884, page 283, I published 
a table giving the results of a series of experiments on the antiseptic 
action of a considerable number of agents used in the treatment of the 
oral cavity. A few new materials have since been added to the number, 
and I here produce the complete table, in order to institute a comparison 
between the relative powers of the materials experimented upon: 
ANTISEPTIC AGENTS DEVELOPMENT OF 
ANTISEPTIC AGENTS. FUNGI pREVENTED 
Bichloride of mercury i-iooooo 
Nitrate of silver 1-50000 
Peroxide of hydrogen* 1-8000 
Iodine 1-6000 
Iodoform 1-5000 
Naphthalin 1-4000 
Salicylic acid (crystals)* 1-2000 
Oil of mustard 1-2000 
Benzoic acid* 1-1500 
Permanganate of potash 1-1000 
Eucalyptus 1-600 
Carbolic acid 1-500 
Hydrochloric acid 1-500 
Biborate of soda* 1-350 
Arsenious acid* . 1-250 
Chloride of zinc ' 1-250 
Lactic acid 1-125 
Carbonate of sodium 1-100 
Listerine* 1-20 
Alcohol 1-10 
Chlorate of potash* 1-8 
It must, however, be apparent to every one that the real value 
of these antiseptics should not be put down as proportional to the num- 
bers in the above table. To say that the bichloride of mercury is, for 
dental uses, two hundred times as efficient as carbolic acid, would be 
as inadmissible as to say that dynamite is, in proportion to its greater 
power, more valuable for industrial purposes than are horses. The 
question of the availability of different forms of energy, which has long 
*The substances indicated by a star were tested upon pure cultures of 
the fungus described in Vol. V, page 341, Fig. 2; the others are mixtures. 
In a general way, stronger solutions are necessary to sterilize mixtures 
than to sterilize pure cultures. 
103 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
been one of greatest interest to physicists, merits also, in the study of 
antiseptics, a thorough consideration. A partial solution of this ques- 
tion, I have endeavored to present in the following notes: 
The substances thus far experimented upon are bichloride of 
mercury, 1-2500 and 1-5000; carbolic acid, 1-100; permanganate of 
potash, 1-4000; peroxide of hydrogen, 1-10; boracic acid, 1-50; 
benzoic acid, 1-100 and 1-200; salicylic acid, 1-100 and 1-200; 
Listerine, undiluted; oil of peppermint, and oil of wintergreen, in agree- 
able strength for a mouth-wash. I have endeavored to take, in each 
case, the highest concentrations which may be used in the mouth, either 
as a wash or on the brush. The one per cent solution of benzoic and 
salicylic acids (in twenty per cent alcohol) is rather too sharp to be 
ordinarily used for rinsing the mouth, but may be applied on the brush; 
the same is the case with Listerine. 
Since in rinsing the mouth one does not usually keep the liquid 
in contact with the teeth for more than a minute, we need as an 
antiseptic mouth-wash a substance which is capable of devitalizing the 
fungi of the mouth in one minute or less. The following method may 
be employed in making this determination: We procure:-1st, a tube 
containing a pure culture of some one of the more important fungi of 
the human mouth; we may call this the infecting tube; 2d, a tube con- 
taining 0.5 cc. of the antiseptic to be experimented with; this we 
may call the antiseptic tube; 3d, a number of tubes containing 5.0 cc. 
of culture liquid; we will call these the culture tubes. A small drop 
or bead is conveyed from the infecting tube to the antiseptic tube on a 
loop of fine platinum wire, and then, at intervals varying from one- 
quarter of a minute to fifteen minutes, beads are conveyed from the 
antiseptic tubes to each of the culture tubes in succession (one bead to 
each tube). These tubes are then kept at the temperature of the oral 
cavity. If the fungi were devitalized by the action of the antiseptic, the 
culture liquid remains clear; otherwise it becomes cloudy in a period 
varying from seven to sixty hours. 
These experiments should be doubly controlled: 
1st. Two culture tubes should be infected, using only sterilized 
water in the antiseptic tube. These two tubes should become cloudy in 
seven to ten hours, and if others of the tubes become cloudy in the same 
time, it indicates that the antiseptic through which the fungi were passed 
had no effect upon them. The retardation in the appearance of the 
104 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
cloudiness will give us a measure of the action of the antiseptic in those 
cases where it effected only a partial sterilization. 
2d. The experiment should be repeated, using only sterilized 
water in both the infecting and antiseptic tubes. In this case the 
culture tubes should remain permanently clear. Should the culture 
tubes, however, become cloudy, it would indicate clumsy work on the 
part of the experimenter, and his experiments would be absolutely worth- 
less. It is advisable to sterilize the air of the room with vaporized sub- 
limate before performing these experiments. 
The result will be seen in the adjoined table. In the first column 
are given the antiseptics, and in the second, the time of exposure neces- 
sary to a complete devitalization: 
Salicylic acid i-ioo % minute.* 
Benzoic acid i-ioo % " 
Listerine, pure to minute. 
Salicylic acid 1-200 % 
Benzoic acid 1-200 1 to 2 minutes. 
Bichloride of mercury 1-2500 to 54 " 
Bichloride of mercury 1-5000 2 to 5 " 
Eucalyptus 1-200 5 to 10 " 
Peroxide of hydrogen, 10 per cent solution, 10 to 15 " 
Carbolic acid, 1 per cent solution 10 to 15 " 
Oil of peppermint 10 to 15 " 
Permanganate of potash 1-4000 over 15 " 
Boracic acid 1-50 " 15 " 
Oil of wintergreen " 15 " 
It is seen at a glance that of the substances tested in this series, 
only four are available for the prophylactic treatment of the oral cavity, 
particularly of the teeth. These are bichloride of mercury, benzoic 
acid, salicylic acid and Listerine. 
Of these four, I think the bichloride is without doubt the most 
effective, because its action continues longer. In the attempt to sterilize 
the oral cavity, a very serious difficulty is encountered in the fact that 
the antiseptic can not, in many cases, be brought into contact with all 
portions of it; the free surfaces may become sterilized, but approximal 
surfaces, fissures, cavities, especially when stopped up with food and 
various deposits, escape the action of the antiseptic, unless it may be kept 
for some minutes in the mouth. It is here that the bichloride possesses 
an advantage; after the body of the liquid has been put out of the 
*Probably less time is necessary, but the transference could not well 
be made more quickly. 
105 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
mouth, the traces remaining continue their action even after they have 
been diluted forty times by the oral secretions. It is also much more 
penetrating than the less soluble benzoic and salicylic acids. Any one 
may convince himself of the effectiveness of corrosive sublimate by a 
very simple experiment. Rinse the mouth thoroughly with a solution 
(1-2500), keeping it one minute in the mouth. Half an hour later, 
by chewing a small lump of sugar, secrete about 3 to 5 cc. of saliva, 
bring it into a sterilized test tube, and keep it at blood temperature. 
It will be found, after twenty-four hours, that no fermentation has 
followed, though it usually shows itself in three to four hours. 
Unfortunately the bichloride of mercury possesses one great dis- 
advantage in its highly poisonous character. It seems, however, scarcely 
possible that any harm could result from its use in so dilute a form. 
The maximum dose of corrosive sublimate, pro die, is 0.1, and if we 
suppose that each time the mouth is washed (once daily) 0.5 c. cm. of 
the solution gets into the system (a very high estimate), then it would 
be five hundred days before the amount which may be administered in 
one day would be reached. As remarked above, one can scarcely be- 
lieve that any bad effect could be possible, and yet the element of cer- 
tainty is lacking, and though I use the solution myself constantly, even 
as strong as 1 to 1000, I hesitate to recommend it to my patients. 
Considering the great interest which this question must have for every 
one, I would strongly urge members of the profession to test this matter 
upon themselves and report the results. In no other way can we satis- 
factorily solve the question. For self-experimentation I would recom- 
mend a solution of 1 to 1000, with sufficient wintergreen to disguise 
the taste. It has, furthermore, been claimed that a solution of bichloride 
of mercury has power to decalcify the teeth. This, however, needs 
confirmation. 
As to salicylic acid, it is claimed by some that it is injurious to 
the teeth; others deny that it has any effect of that kind. Buch 
(Journal of Mat. Med., April, 1 8809, after using a solution of salicylic 
acid, in strength of 3 to 1000, for some weeks, was obliged to dis- 
continue its use, because he noticed "a curious feeling in his mouth;" 
the teeth became softer, and their surfaces rough through the formation 
of the salicylate of lime. On the other hand, a chemist in Berlin has 
used a much stronger solution for over ten years. His teeth, when he be- 
gan, were in a most deplorable state, but in a short time he succeeded in 
106 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS, 
arresting the progress of caries, of which there is at present not a trace 
in his mouth, while the old cavities are brown and hard. No evidence 
whatever of any action upon the teeth can be seen. It seems, however, 
pretty well established that the salicylic acid is a substance which must 
be used in the mouth with great caution, to say the least. 
Benzoic acid might be substituted for salicylic, provided it should 
not also turn out to have an injurious effect upon the teeth. 
Particularly noteworthy is the rapidity with which Listerine acts 
upon the fungi; it appears to be one of the strongest and safest of the 
available antiseptic solutions. It owes its antiseptic property, in all 
probability, more to the boracic acid which it contains than to the 
eucalyptus oil. 
In comparing the two tables given above, we notice what appear 
at first to be very great contradictions. Why does the peroxide of 
hydrogen, which in one series stands very high, fall so low in the other? 
and why should Listerine, which is forty times weaker than the peroxide, 
kill the fungi thirty times quicker? I can account for this striking dif- 
ference only on the supposition that the rapidity with which a given anti- 
septic acts is by no means necessarily proportional to its strength. Per- 
haps an imperfect analogy may be seen in the action of poisons upon 
the animal body, some of which produce almost instantaneous death, 
while others, equally fatal, act only after the lapse of a certain time. 
It is necessary, first of all, that the antiseptic pass through the cell mem- 
brane before it can act upon the cell contents. This passage takes 
place very quickly in case of some, very slowly in case of others, al- 
though the latter, once through, may act more powerfully than the 
former. We must also bear in mind that the proportions of the first table 
prevent only the development of the fungi, while in the second their 
devitalization is accomplished. There is a very great difference between 
the two. Many substances and conditions prevent, by their mere pres- 
ence, the development of fungi, without in the least rendering them in- 
capable of development when they are brought into the proper medium. 
We need, of course, for most dental uses, materials which produce a 
complete devitalization. 
It is, furthermore, an important fact that the substance which is 
to be sterilized may so act upon the antiseptic as to materially lessen or 
completely destroy its power. In this respect the permanganate of 
107 COMPARATIVE VALUE OF CERTAIN ANTISEPTICS. 
potash is very sensitive. Again, an interesting question which has often 
come up in the course of experiments is this: Is the strength of a given 
antiseptic proportionate to its concentration?-i. e., is a two per cent 
solution just twice as efficient as a one per cent solution? My ex- 
perience would teach me that this is not at all necessarily the case. 
The most unexpected results were obtained with the peroxide of 
hydrogen. I hoped to find in it a substance which, as a mouth-wash, 
would far surpass anything at present available, but was very seriously 
disappointed, as the results were anything but satisfactory. It makes, 
however, a very agreeable wash, and I shall not myself give up its use 
until I have tested it on other fungi. Solutions of this substance are 
liable to deteriorate. One which I now have was as strong when fresh, 
in the proportion of 1 to 12,000, as it now is in the strength of 1 to 
8000.-Independent Practitioner, August, 1885. 
108 ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
During the past quarter century the experimental researches of 
bacteriologists have so vastly increased the sum of knowledge relating 
to the infectious diseases which affect the human race, that records of 
laboratory work performed by skilled scientists are greeted and read 
by professional men, with an ever-increasing interest, and always with 
the hope and expectancy that some condition has been scientifically de- 
termined and portrayed, which may serve as the basis for a conclusion, 
likely to be of use and benefit in the practice of their profession. 
Whilst the value of the lessons taught by the labors of these bac- 
teriological investigators can not easily be over-rated, it will not be 
disputed that clinical experience often upsets the most carefully elabo- 
rated logical deduction that can be drawn from such investigations; which 
indicates that that important element, Time, can not safely be disre- 
garded in the proving of all things relating to the practice of medicine. 
Happily, in so far as Listerine is concerned, we are able to pre- 
sent within these pages some very clearly defined and scientifically de- 
termined statements of its value and scope as an antiseptic, together with 
a record of clinical use extending over more than a fourth of a century, 
during which time it has been extensively employed by physicians and 
dentists in all parts of the world. 
Perhaps the commercial success which Listerine has achieved, con- 
stitutes the most sincere tribute to its worth and utility, but we value 
very highly the kindly regard of the practitioners of medicine and 
dentistry who have so cordially recognized the value of our product, 
and approved the methods used by us in bringing it to their attention. 
It has ever been our claim that the uniformity and standard of 
excellence of Listerine shall be strictly maintained. Indeed, our sense 
109 ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
of personal obligation to the profession demands this of us, even if the 
commercial success of Listerine did not very largely depend upon that 
degree of accuracy and unvarying quality which characterizes our prod- 
uct. Although we have frequently reiterated this statement of policy, 
we sometimes receive letters from professional friends of Listerine, who 
do not clearly comprehend our sense of obligation and duty in this 
respect; for instance, a dental practitioner writes us, saying, "Why not 
improve Listerine, as a mouth-wash, by making it alkaline?" We re- 
plied to this kindly suggestion, to the effect that we do not deem it to 
be within the scope of our privileges to in any way alter or amend the 
composition of such a standard pharmaceutical product as is Listerine, 
even if we wished to do so, and we certainly have no desire to impair, 
in any degree, the peculiarly efficient action of that mild, non-irritating 
and non-poisonous antiseptic, boracic acid, which it holds in perfect 
solution (with which carbonates and bicarbonates are incompatible*), 
and which is so valuable in maintaining the normal, and in treating any 
abnormal condition of the mucous surfaces. 
In relation to its special use as a mouth-wash, the dental pro- 
fession, after exhaustive tests, extending over many years, has assigned 
to Listerine a position of unequalled importance as the strongest and 
safest of the antiseptics available for daily use as a wash for the mouth 
and teeth. Here the feeble boracic acid acidity of Listerine is most 
valuable and effective in preventing the multiplication of, or in abso- 
lutely destroying the various micro-organisms which thrive in the nor- 
mally alkaline saliva of the mouth. Most forms of bacteria develop 
best in neutral or slightly alkaline media; hence, the slightly stimulating 
effect of the feeble boracic acid acidity of Listerine is of the highest 
importance in maintaining a healthy equilibrium of the fluids of the 
oral cavity. 
After the process of cleansing the teeth and mouth by the use 
of Listerine, all traces of acidity are at once neutralized by an increased 
flow of alkaline saliva, just as it occurs after eating fruit or other 
acidulous food; whereas, if an alkaline mouth-wash be employed, pos- 
sessing a greater degree of alkalinity than is normally present in the 
*For similar reasons alkaline solutions should never be added to per- 
oxide of hydrogen. Vide "Items of Interest," March, 1903; "The Chemical 
and Physical Properties of Hydrogen Dioxide," by Mr. Eustace Harold 
Gane, member of the Society of Chemical Industry, London. 
110 ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
saliva, a foreign condition is at once established which nature has made 
no especial provision to chemically antagonize, and such a wash, con- 
stantly employed, is particularly prejudicial to the mucous surfaces of 
the mouth, causing relaxation of the tissues, and thus, a lessened resist- 
ancy to the ravages of microbic infection. 
The tooth is principally composed of phosphate of lime, and upon 
this compound, solutions of boracic acid have absolutely no action 
whatever. It has no solvent action upon such stable salts as the teeth 
are composed of, nor can any chemical combination be formed by union 
of the tooth substance with boracic acid. The same can not be said 
of alkalies and alkaline salts, which can react with the compounds of 
which the teeth are composed, to form basic phosphates-which may be 
easily demonstrated by simple laboratory experiments, to show the de- 
structive action of caustic alkalies upon the teeth. According to close 
observations by Arkovy,f Preiswerk,^ and very recently by Miller,* 
there is a possibility of producing dental decay in an alkaline medium, 
by certain bacterial trypsins, which, by peptonizing the organic matrix 
of the tooth substance, cause the total destruction of the tooth itself; 
and chemical erosion, which has generally been attributed to a super- 
abundance of lactic acid in the mouth, is most likely closely associated 
with the production of free alkalies. At best, alkalies simply tem- 
porarily neutralize the acid-forming ferments which the carbohydrates 
of food produce in the mouth, whilst a true antiseptic prevents that fer- 
mentative change. All of which is demonstrative of the value, safety 
and peculiar adaptability of Listerine as an antiseptic and prophylactic 
wash for daily use in maintaining an hygienic condition of the mouth, 
under normal conditions of health. But there are abnormal conditions, 
where, in addition to the use of Listerine for its purifying effect, an 
alkaline wash, such as a weak solution of the bicarbonate of soda, may 
t"Untersuchungen uber die Pathologic und Therapie des Abscessus 
alveolaris chronicus," von Professor Dr. Joseph Arkovy, Budapest. 
Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Vierteljahrsschrift fiir Zahnheilkunde, Juli, 
1898. 
t"Beitrag zur Aetiologie der Zahncaries," von Dr. Med. et Phil., G. 
Preiswerk, Basel. Oesterreichisch-Ungarische Vierteljahrsschrift fiir 
Zahnheilkunde, October, 1902. 
*"Notizen uber die Erosion der Zahne," von W. D. Miller, M. D., 
D. D. S., Ph. D., Sc. D., Berlin, Deutsche Monatsschrift fiir Zahnheilkunde, 
Februar 22, 1904. 
11l ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
well be employed for its local, and temporary effect in neutralizing acid 
conditions of the saliva, thus protecting the teeth from the deleterious 
effects of an excess of acidity, and the mucous surfaces from irritation, 
until the systemic conditions which give rise to the production of 
mixed saliva having an acid reaction, are overcome and remedied by a 
restoration of the balance of the general health of the patient, by gen- 
eral medical treatment. Thus, Dr. Edmund W. Roughton says in a 
very extended paper relating to morbid conditions of the mouth, pub- 
lished in the London Lancet, September, 1903: "Abnormal conditions 
of the oral secretions play a not unimportant part in the causation of 
dental caries. Normal mixed saliva has an alkaline reaction, but buccal 
mucus is acid; it thus happens that inflammatory conditions, such as 
stomatitis, gingivitis, etc., by augmenting the secretion of buccal mucus, 
render the saliva acid. * * The substances which give rise to 
acid fermentation in the mouth belong almost entirely to the group of 
carbohydrates. The common opinion that putrefying meat gives rise 
to products which attack the teeth is probably erroneous, inasmuch as 
the products of a putrefying mixture of saliva and meat are always 
alkaline." The contention in the last paragraph, quoted from Dr. 
Roughton's article, is contradicted by the investigations recently made by 
Professor J. P. Michaels, of Paris, whose series of experiments lead 
him to ask the question, by way of conclusion, "Does not this tend to 
show how decay of the teeth may occur even in alkaline saliva, and in- 
dependent of microbic influence?" Dr. Edward C. Kirk, the erudite 
editor of the Dental Cosmos, says: "We know that the oral fluids are 
modified and changed by systemic conditions, and we must recognize 
a source of oral acidity quite apart from microbic influences-i. e., in 
those cases of malnutrition characterized by insufficient power of oxida- 
tion, in which the alkaline sodium phosphate of the blood is converted 
into acid phosphate, and through the buccal mucous glands poured into 
the oral cavity, producing erosion of the teeth; and again we must 
recognize what Michaels, of Paris, has shown to be true, and what 
I have myself frequently verified-i. e., that we may have amphoteric 
conditions of the saliva due to the presence of both the alkaline and 
acid phosphates in solution." 
We quote these recently expressed views of some of the leading 
scientific investigators, because of the interesting bearing they have upon 
the subject under consideration, and also as a manifestation of our 
112 ORAL PROPHYLAXIS. 
desire that the reports and exhibits embodied in these pages be not dis- 
torted into a claim that Listerine will adequately meet every requirement 
in the treatment of abnormal conditions of the oral cavity. It is 
sufficiently gratifying to us to be able to present such trustworthy data 
and evidence of the pre-eminence of our pharmacal product in dental 
therapeutics as an antiseptic peculiarly well adapted to the requirements 
of general dental practice; to cleanse and deodorize before operating, 
to wash and purify the mouth after extracting, to treat, antiseptically, 
all diseases of the oral cavity, and to prescribe as a detergent, prophy- 
lactic mouth-wash for daily use in the care and preservation of the 
teeth. These well established qualities have won for Listerine the 
highest recognition as the best general antiseptic for a dentist's pre- 
scription. 
Lambert Pharmacal Company, 
St. Louis, April, 1904. 
Secretary. 
113 As a Daily Wash for the Preservation of the Teeth, Listerine Occupies a First 
Place in Dental and Oral Therapeutics. 
W. C. Barrett, M. D., D. D. S., M. D. S., 
Ex-President American Dental Association; Prof. Principles and Practice 
of Dentistry and Dental Pathology, University of Buffalo, Dental 
Department; Prof. Dental Anatomy and Pathology, 
Chicago College of Dental Surgery, etc. 
The more I use Listerine the better I like it. I am now prescrib- 
ing it as a daily wash for the mouth, using it with the brush in full 
strength in those cases in which there seems an unusual predisposition to 
decay of the teeth. 
I use it almost invariably after any surgical operation in the 
mouth, as an antiseptic wash, prescribing Listerine 1 part, water 1 0 to 
20 parts. 
In gingivitis, arising from a want of the care of the teeth, I inject 
it under the gums freely, and prescribe it as a daily mouth-wash, using 
Listerine 1 part, water 5 to 10 parts. 
In the treatment of septic roots of teeth, I have seen the happiest 
effects from the use of Listerine; forcing a pledget of cotton into the 
pulp cavity, after carrying a few threads of cotton wet with Listerine 
into the root canals, and sealing the whole in the cavity with gutta- 
percha or wax. 
In pharyngitis, accompanying inflamed condition of the oral cavity, 
I use it as a spray upon the pharyngeal tissues. If the patient be an 
adult, I frequently use it thus in full strength. 
After nearly all protracted operations in the mouth, I offer as a 
gargle and mouth-wash 20 or 30 drops in a half tumbler of water, 
and find that it leaves the mouth in a delightfully cool and pleasant 
condition, promotes the healthy granulation of lacerated or bruised 
tissues, and offers a sure preventive to any possible septic infection. So 
general is its use by me, that a large proportion of my patients leave the 
office with the pleasant taste of Listerine in their mouth. Thus their 
last impression is one of purity and cleanliness, and of careful atten- 
tion on the part of their dentist. 
114 Listerine has received the Highest Recognition as the Best General Antiseptic 
for a Dentist's Prescription. 
C. E. Francis, D. D. S., M. D. S., New York. 
The more I use Listerine the better I like it, and this I report 
after prolonged trial. It is excellent to apply to diseased gums, for 
injecting root canals and for bathing cavities preparatory to filling. In 
a recent case of incipient tonsilitis, a spray of Listerine worked like 
magic. In a case of abscess of the ear, which for several months had 
been treated with injections of carbolic acid, borate of soda and chlor- 
inated soda, with scarcely any benefit, a few injections of Listerine dis- 
sipated the trouble in a brief time. 
Six pears later.-What I formerly stated in regard to the efficacy 
of Listerine has been fully confirmed by later experience. It has now 
become an indispensable agent in my practice. As a mouth-wash for 
every-day use it surpasses anything I have ever found for the purpose, 
and my patients have learned how to appreciate it. It is particularly 
valuable in cases of pyorrhoea alveolaris, and where faithfully used 
will do much toward staying the progress of this annoying disease. 
W. D. Miller, A. B., Ph. D., D. D. S., 
Professor of Operative and Clinical Dentistry, University of Berlin. 
Particularly noteworthy is the rapidity with which Listerine acts 
upon the fungi of the mouth; it appears to be one of the strongest and 
safest of the antiseptics which are available for the prophylactic treat- 
ment of the oral cavity. 
C. T. Stockwell, D. D. S., Springfield, Mass. 
Formerly President Connecticut Valley Dental Society; Editor of the New 
England Journal of Dentistry, etc. 
* * * The claim is made for Listerine that it is a reliable 
antiseptic, non-toxic, and therefore absolutely safe, even if used in full 
strength, internally or externally. Since the conviction has grown upon 
the profession that carbolic acid may be open to grave objections, the 
need has become seriously felt for a reliable antiseptic remedy that 
should be free from any toxic influence. Listerine is endorsed by a 
very large number of the best medical and scientific authorities as 
efficient and safe. 
We have used it for nearly a year past, and freely say that we 
should very much dislike to be without it. It has a very agreeable 
115 "The Sterilization of the Teeth may be most nearly accomplished by using 
Listerine as a Mouth-Wash." 
odor, makes a pleasant and efficient mouth-wash, is excellent for in- 
jecting pockets formed by pyorrhoea alveolaris, or infectious alveolitis, 
preferable in many cases to carbolic acid in the treatment of "dead'* 
teeth and alveolar abscesses, inasmuch as it does not coagulate albumin, 
deodorizes the breath, and imparts a cool and agreeable sensation to 
the mucous membrane of the mouth, and, in short, seems to satisfactorily 
meet the demand for a non-irritating and non-toxic antiseptic. For 
dental purposes it should, in our judgment, largely take the place of 
carbolic acid; it is certainly very much more agreeable to both patient 
and operator. We sincerely hope the profession generally will subject 
this preparation to a careful test.-April, 1 884. 
Six years' further use of Listerine does not suggest any retraction 
from the above.-June, 1 890. 
W. C. Wardlow, M. D., D. D. S., Augusta, Ga. 
In my limited experience of three months with Listerine I am 
delighted with it, particularly in the direction of its non-irritating 
properties. 
This renders it especially applicable about the mouths of children, 
in cases of exposed and nearly exposed pulps, etc. In those other 
cases, which have to be handled so delicately to avoid the stirring up 
of inflammatory trouble, newly opened pulp canals, in which the pulps 
have decomposed, it is the only disinfectant I have ever tried which I 
can use with a feeling of safety. The same is true in regard to blind 
abscesses, those having no external fistule. 
I am using it with satisfaction and efficiency for rinsing the mouth 
whilst cleaning (scaling) the teeth; for a soothing wash after extraction, 
for cleansing the plate, and healing the sore mouth when a plate is 
newly inserted; for the bad breath of children; about the spittoon, and 
for other obvious purposes. My armament of remedies is greatly en- 
larged by its introduction.-April, 1884. 
My long continued use of Listerine in my dental practice con- 
firms me in the conviction that it is one of the most useful antiseptics. I 
would not willingly be without it.-Aug. 4, 1 890. 
116 Listerine is of Accurately Determined and Uniform Antiseptic Power, 
and of Positive Originality. 
Truman W. Brophy, M. D., D. D. S., 
Professor of Dental Pathology and Surgery, Rush Medical College; Pro- 
fessor of Oral Surgery, Collegiate Department of the 
Chicago Dental Infirmary. 
I think the antiseptic Listerine justly entitled to a prominent place 
amongst our remedial agents. I welcome it as accomplishing as much, 
if not more, than we get from other preparations, combining, as it does, 
safety; with an entire absence of any properties disagreeable to patient 
or operator. 
It does not stain, and has no caustic influence even in full strength; 
can be used with freedom in all surgical operations about the mouth 
without fear of toxic symptoms when accidentally or intentionally taken 
internally; in fact, sometimes proving a great advantage in this par- 
ticular, as it corrects fermentative eructations from the stomach. 
Its use, both in private and infirmary practice, convinces me of 
its admirable adaptability in the treatment of oral lesions, such as 
pyorrhoea alveolaris, ulcerated surfaces, as a dressing to pulp canals 
after the removal of putrescent pulps, and as a purifying agent in dis- 
eases of the antrum. 
To cleanse the mouth and throat before operations, Listerine is 
particularly adapted on account of its gently stimulating action, and 
the cooling and refreshing sensation left upon mucous membranes 
renders it grateful to many patients as a mouth-wash and an excellent 
adjunct in the preservation of the teeth. 
Jonathan Taft, M. D., D. D. S., Cincinnati. 
Professor of Principles and Practice of Operative Dentistry, University 
of Michigan. 
The formula of Listerine constitutes a powerful, safe and pleasant 
antiseptic, one that is markedly efficient in dental as well as in surgical 
practice. It is wholly free from offensive odor, and in this respect is 
rather pleasant than otherwise. It can be used anywhere, without 
injury to fabrics or producing rust. It is valuable for both internal 
and external use (especially in those affections in which fermenta- 
tion is a factor) ; for instance, where there is fermentation and acid 
117 The Absolute Safety and Efficiency of Listerine will always Give it Favor 
Over Dilutions of Poisonous or Corrosive Chemicals, 
eructations from the contents of the stomach. For various affections 
of the throat it is an excellent gargle; it is also valuable as a wash 
for various conditions of the mouth, and in the treatment of the ordinary 
diseases of the antrum it is one of the most efficient preparations. I 
have used Listerine for one year, and I regard it as worthy of a trial 
by those who desire to have the best things.-The Dental Register, 
1884. 
The same writer, under date of July 12, 1890, says: 
I have used Listerine more or less ever since my attention was 
first drawn to it, some six or seven years ago, and can now only em- 
phasize what I then said about it. I regard Listerine as a very valu- 
able antiseptic for dental and medical practice. It is safe, reliable and 
applicable to all cases where such agents are required. 
H. A. Smith, D. D. S., 
Professor of Operative Dentistry and Dental Pathology, Ohio College of 
Dental Surgery, Cincinnati. 
I have for several years frequently treated the diseased conditions 
of the mouth, indicating the use of antiseptics, with Listerine, and the 
excellent results obtained convince me that it is a potent agent in the 
treatment of inflamed or suppurating tissues. 
It is now generally believed that dental caries is caused by acids 
generated in the mouth by fermentation, and since it is highly probable 
that a tooth kept absolutely clean never would decay, I have been led 
to prescribe Listerine for daily use as a mouth-wash for patients whose 
teeth are predisposed to caries, with the view of maintaining cleanliness, 
and as nearly as possible an aseptic condition of the oral cavity. 
The agreeable odor which Listerine possesses, and the very pleas- 
ant feeling which it imparts to the mouth, especially recommend it to 
patients for use as a prophylactic. 
C. N. Pierce, D. D. S., 
Professor of Dental Physiology, Dental Pathology and Operative Dentistry, 
Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. 
I have no hesitation in stating that the results I have obtained from 
the use of Listerine have satisfied me of its value in general dental 
practice. In its influence in the disease known as pyorrhoea alveolaris, 
the mouth is kept in a pure condition, and the irritation in the gums 
modified by its use. I have also used it where the gums presented a 
granulated appearance, and have found it very beneficial. 
118 Listerine is of Uniform, Exact and Known Antiseptic Value, and Will Produce 
Identical Results Under Identical Conditions. 
LISTERINE-A CORRECTION. 
To the Editor of The British Journal of Dental Science: 
Dear Sir:-I shall feel greatly obliged if you will kindly insert 
this correction (together with the few accompanying remarks I have 
made), of what I am reported to have said in the discussion on Mr. 
T. Reece's paper on "Dental Caries," read on April 5th last, before 
the Students' Society of the National Dental Hospital. Owing to an 
error on the part of the Secretary of the Society, it was given forth in 
the report of the meeting that I advocated the use of glycerine on 
cotton wool as a method of filling the roots of pulpless teeth. This 
absurd mistake was doubtless owing to the similarity in sound of the 
words glycerine and Listerine, which latter was the preparation I men- 
tioned, and then, hardly as a root filling, but more in the aspect of a 
disinfectant, prior to sealing the root canals permanently. As the 
error has been corrected in the minutes of the Society, I shall esteem it 
a favor if you can spare space in your valuable journal for this com- 
munication; as in your issue of May 1st it has been reproduced from 
the minutes. 
While on the subject of Listerine, I should like to take the 
opportunity of mentioning one or two points in its favor concerning 
its usefulness to the dental surgeon, and which will, perhaps, be the 
means of bringing it more prominently before the profession in the 
light of an extremely good antiseptic and disinfectant, and one that 
will doubtless prove itself very efficient. Although, up to the present 
time, I have not had much opportunity to judge of its effects (having 
only used it for about three months), on dead teeth, I may say I have 
had very good results follow its application, which is as usual in these 
cases, viz.: thorough cleansing of the canals, hot air, etc., the Listerine 
pumped in, and in its turn volatilized, and further treatment as indi- 
cated. Up to date I have had no bad cases following this treatment. 
119 Listerine is Always Ready for Immediate Use and is Sufficiently Powerful for 
All Purposes of Antisepsis. 
Listerine is, I find, an extremely good mouth-wash in cases of 
fetid odor, spongy gums, stomatitis, and generally bad condition of the 
oral cavity, and it may be remarked that Professor Miller, of Berlin, 
speaks very highly of it in this respect. I also use it as a mouth-wash 
after tooth extraction, with very good results, and very extensively 
to wash out cavities before inserting a permanent filling, either as a 
dressing on cotton wool, or merely flooding the cavity with it (using 
sedatives previously, if there be pain). It exercises a very beneficial 
effect on cavities in which there is a great deal of septic and softened 
dentine, with the carious cervical edge of the cavity up under the gum, 
by sealing a little of it in, temporarily for a day or so, before proceeding 
to plug permanently. It is especially, however, in cases of pulpless 
teeth, that I lay stress upon its use, as it may prove a very valuable 
addition to our remedies for such cases, consisting, as it does, of a 
combination of some most powerful essential oils, such as eucalyptus, 
thyme, gaultheria, menthol, etc. It is used largely in general surgery, 
and is, therefore, deserving of a trial in our special branch, it being 
very agreeable to both patient and operator, a remark which always 
can not be applied to some drugs now in use, and seems to me to be 
indicated as a general antiseptic and disinfectant in dental surgery. 
Thanking you in anticipation for correcting the above error in 
reporting my remarks, and trusting that other brother practitioners 
may have discovered the utility of Listerine in their daily practice, 
I am. Faithfully yours, 
Arnold Prager, L. D. S., Eng. 
120 LISTERINE TOOTH POWDER. 
A fourth of a century of continued, satisfactory employment of 
Listerine has demonstrated to many who have used it during this entire 
period, that Listerine is the best antiseptic for daily employment in the 
care and preservation of the teeth. Listerine Tooth Powder, then, is 
not intended to supplant Listerine in the daily toilet of the teeth, but 
is offered in response to professional inquiries for a frictionary dentifrice 
to be used in conjunction with this well-known and time-tried antiseptic. 
Listerine Tooth Powder is composed of precipitated carbonate of 
calcium, carbonate of magnesium, oil of cananga, and the antiseptic 
constituents of Listerine. 
The simplicity of its formula, in itself commends the powder. 
The English precipitated chalk and magnesia are the finest obtainable, 
and absolutely free from grit; the oil of cananga possesses properties 
opposed to inflammatory conditions of the gums, and, together with the 
antiseptic constituents of Listerine, adds to the desirable qualities of 
the product. However, it is to the list of articles which have been 
omitted from the formula that special attention is directed, and the 
manufacturers believe the profession will agree that the absence of 
pumice stone, cuttlefish bone or other abrasive substances, and of sugar, 
orris root or superficial perfume of any character (the usual ingredients 
of tooth powders, and liable in themselves to fermentative action in the 
mouth), is a distinct advantage. 
Listerine Tooth Powder, like Listerine, will advertise itself 
by its intrinsic merit. 
Illustrated and priced on third cover page. 
121 LISTERINE DERMATIC SOAP. 
The important function which the skin performs in the mainte- 
nance of the personal health may easily be obstructed or interfered with 
by the use of an impure soap, or by one containing insoluble matter, 
which tends to close the pores of the skin, and thus defeats the object 
of the emunctories. The selection of a pure soap is doubly important 
when it is to be used in cleaning a cutaneous surface affected by dis- 
ease; indeed, skin diseases may be induced, and existing disease greatly 
aggravated, by the use of an impure or irritating soap. 
Listerine Dermatic Soap contains the essential antiseptic con- 
stituents of thyme, eucalyptus, mentha and gaultheria, which enter 
into the composition of the well-known antiseptic preparation-Listerine. 
The excellent quality of the Soap, forming the vehicle for this medi- 
cation, will be readily apparent when used upon the most delicate 
skin, and upon the scalp. Unusual care is exercised, and the very 
finest materials are used in the manufacture of Listerine Dermatic Soap, 
no animal fats, but only the best vegetable oils entering into its 
composition. 
Listerine Dermatic Soap is "super-fatted," and the smooth, elastic 
condition of the skin, which is secured by repeated use, is largely due 
to the presence of an emollient oil, which is incorporated with the Soap 
after its manufacture, and before it is "milled" and pressed into cakes. 
The essential antiseptic constituents of Listerine, which are in- 
corporated with the Soap after it has received its surplus of unsaponified 
emollient oil, retain their peculiar antiseptic virtues and fragrance; thus, 
Listerine Dermatic Soap offers a trustworthy and very convenient means 
of cleansing the skin, leaving it soft and pliable, at the same time afford- 
ing very effective treatment in a most rational manner, in that the cus- 
tomary method of applying soap lather to the skin by gentle massage, 
not only softens the integument, but facilitates absorption by the under- 
lying tissues. 
122 The antiseptic and detergent properties of Listerine Dermatic 
Soap prove beneficial in the treatment of sores, ulcers, cutaneous inflam- 
mations and eruptions, and its use is especially indicated in such skin 
affections as acne, eczema, scabies, sycosis, urticaria, ivy poisoning, 
pruritus, psoriasis, bromidrosis, zoster, poisoning from aniline dyes, vac- 
cination rashes and all dermatites of the body and scalp; in combating 
all parasitic diseases; diseases of the sudoriparous and sebaceous glands 
and hair follicles, as well as for the relief of excessive and offensive 
perspiration. Abrasions of the surface of the skin-chafes, cracks or 
fissures-due to thermic effect, such as extreme heat or cold, readily 
yield to the curative properties of this Soap. 
Listerine Dermatic Soap is equally valuable in preventing cutane- 
ous affections, in that it makes the skin clean, in the surgical sense, and 
thus destroys those conditions which encourage a tendency to the ac- 
quiring of diseases of the skin. 
In the office of the physician and surgeon, in the hospital and 
operating room, Listerine Dermatic Soap will prove an agreeable and 
acceptable agent for the care of the hands and for cleansing surgical 
instruments. 
METHOD OF APPLICATION. 
The best means of applying Listerine Dermatic Soap in diseased 
conditions of the skin is to gently lather the parts, until the scales, scabs 
or crusts are softened; then use a mild solution of Listerine and water, 
say one part Listerine to ten parts water, on linen or cotton fabric, 
to remove the lather, and leave the parts to dry through natural means. 
Another successful method is to permit the lather to dry upon the sur- 
face to which it is applied, and remove the residue by means of dry 
Turkish toweling or a soft bristled complexion brush. 
Illustrated and priced on third cover page. 
123 COMMERCIAL COMPETITION. 
Increasing competition, in all channels of trade, has caused imita- 
tion to become almost a direct consequence of success. Within certain 
well-defined limits, imitation is justifiable, but to use the name or repu- 
tation of one article to influence the sale of another is generally unjust, 
and often dangerous. 
Listerine requires careful, laboratory manipulation, and unusual 
length of time for perfection; it is of definite and uniform antiseptic 
strength, and may be depended upon to produce like effect, under like 
conditions, whereas the substitutes and imitations so frequently offered 
by the trade, are sometimes distinctly harmful, generally of unde- 
termined antiseptic strength, and too often worthless for the purpose 
for which they are required. 
The extensive demand for Listerine in Europe has necessitated 
the establishment of completely equipped laboratories in France and 
Germany for its manufacture. These works are operated by skilled 
chemists and workmen, under the immediate direction of an officer of 
the Lambert Pharmacal Company, and the entire demand for Listerine 
in Great Britain and upon the Continent, is supplied from these branch 
establishments. 
In the City of Toronto, Canada, a branch laboratory, under 
similar supervision, has been in full operation for many years. 
Listerine is placed upon the market in 3-ounce, 7-ounce and 14-ounce bottles. 
Be assured of the genuine by purchasing an original package 
for, after all, the best advertisement of 
Listerine is 
LISTERINE 
LAMBERT PHARMACAL COMPANY, 
LABORATORIES: 
PARIS, HAMBURG, TORONTO. 
(February, 1908.) 
ST. LOUIS, U. S. A. 
124 INDEX, BY NAMES. 
W. L. Barret, M. D 48 
W. C. Barrett, M. D., D. D. S 114 
Dr. Prof. R. de la Acefia Battilana.. 81 
L. Ch. Boisliniere, M. D., LL.D.... 7 
Alexander B. Briggs, M. D 72 
Truman W. Brophy, M. D., D. D. S.117 
Jno. P. Bryson, M. D 9 
P. Palmer Burrows, M. D., C. M.... 44 
Wm. A. Byrd, M. D 48 
Geo. M. Campbell, M. D 69 
N. B. Carson, M. D 3 
C. M. Carter, M. D 14 
Eustathius Chancellor, A. M., M. D. 9 
J. A. Chapman, M. D 69 
W. Cheatham, M. D 26 
N. L. Clarke, M. D 75 
Oscar J. Coskery, M. D 7 
J. W. Darling, M. D 9 
W. W. Dawson, M. D 3 
M. G. Day, M. D 58 
A. R. Deacon 113 
Frank M. Deems, M. D., Ph. D 91 
G. F. Dougherty, M. D 60 
George J. Engelman, M. D 7 
A. F. Erich, M. D 5 
L. Fayt 81 
Frank P. Foster, M. D 46 
C. E. Francis, D. D. S., M. D. S 115 
Charles K. Gardner, A. M., M. D... 65 
R. H. Goodier, M. D 70 
C. C. Green, M. D 61 
E. H. GYegory, M. D 3 
Joseph Grindon, M. D 38 
L. J. Hammond, M. D 26 
Chas. Oscar Hawkins, M. D 36 
James G. Hyndman, M. D 14 
James M. Holloway, M. D 40 
A. J. Howe, M. D 46 
Charles H. Hughes, M. D 48 
E. Fletcher Ingals, A. M., M. D 26 
Edward W. Jenks, M. D., LL.D.... 5 
Christopher Johnson, M. D 3 
Joseph Taber Johnson, A. M., M. D. 5 
F. O. Kauffmann, M. D 38 
John M. Keating, M. D 27 
J. P. Kingsley, M. D 48 
R. A. Kinloch, M. D 5 
E. S. Lemoine, M. D 44 
Nathan S. Lincoln, M. D 44 
Louisville Medical News Editorial.. 40 
I. N. Love, M. D 51 
G. W. McCaskey, A. M., M. D 90 
J. S. McLain, M. D 14 
L. S. McMurtry, A. M., M. D 3 
Henry O. Marcy, A. M., M. D 7 
Joseph M. Mathews, M. D 3 
H. J. Meyer, M. D 37 
W. D. Miller, A.B., Ph.D., D.D.S., 101, 115 
Wm. R. Neville, M. D 69 
Percy Norcop, M. D., F. R. C. S.... 26 
John A. Octerlony, A. M., M. D 44 
Fessenden N. Otis, M. D 9 
A. M. Owen, M. D 9 
E. R. Palmer, M. D 46, 48 
L. L. Palmer, M. D 14 
Charles T. Parkes, M. D 3 
C. N. Pierce, D. D. S 118 
William Porter, A. M., M. D 13 
Arnold Prager, L. D. S., Eng 119 
Edward Pynchon, M. D 19 
E. C. Register, M. D 66 
Dudley S. Reynolds, M. D 42 
Deering J. Roberts, M. D 65 
D. E. Ruff, M. D 71 
Scott Russell, M. D 40 
G. Sterling Ryerson, M. D 40, 42 
A. W. Sawyer, M. D 60 
Carl Seiler, M. D 15 
J. M. Simpson-Martin, M. D 76 
J. W. Singleton, M. D 25 
H. A. Smith, D. D. S 118 
J. Lewis Smith, M. D 40 
Q. C. Smith, M. D 36 
E. B. Stevens, A. M., M. D 5 
C. T. Stockwell, D. D. S 115 
J. H. Stringfellow, M. D 38 
J. Addison Stucky, M. D 14 
Jonathan Taft, M. D., D. D. S 117 
Bernard Tauber, M. D 36 
J. A. Thacker, A. M., M. D 26 
J. W. Underhill, M. D 44 
Philip S. Wales, M. D 3 
W. C. Wardlow, M. D., D. D. S 116 
William J. Watson, M. D 56 
H. P. C. Wilson, M. D 7 
Frank Woodbury, A. M., M. D 50 
125 INDEX, BY SUBJECTS 
Abrasions 43, 46 
Acid eructations 47, 117 
Acidity contraindicates the use of alkalies, Bartholow 64 
Acute Entero-Colitis 72 
Acute Coryza 10 
Alkalies contraindicated, if acidity exists, Bartholow 64 
Alcoholic fermentation retarded 99 
Alterative antiseptic 25, 39 
Antizymotic properties of Listerine 39 
Atrophic Nasal Catarrh 15 
Awards 2nd cover page 
Bad breath 78 
Biological reagent 99 
Boracic acid solution, Listerine a perfect 6 
Bronchitis 12 
Burns and Scalds 2, 25 
Cancer of the womb 4 
Cause, Prevention and Management of the Summer Diarrheas of 
Infants, The . 61 
Chancroids 8, 9, 46 
Cholera asiatica 38, 48 
Cholera infantum 47, 49, 71 
Cholera morbus 47 
Chronic Nasal Catarrh 11 
Cleanliness, to maintain 6 
Commercial Competition 124 
Comparative Value of Certain Antiseptics 101 
Cough 78 
Cutaneous Diseases 43, 45 
Cutaneous paste 45 
Cystitis 8, 9, 97 
Dandruff 46, 78 
Dermatitis 43, 46 
Dermic affections, Listerine Emollient for 45 
Diphtheria 37, 38, 40. 42, 44, 48 
Diseases of the Eye and Ear 41 
Diseases of the Respiratory Tract • 10 
Disorders of Digestion 47 
Dysentery 48 
Dyspepsia 47 
Eczema 43 
Emollient 45 
Endemic diseases 39 
Enteric fever 39 
Entero-Colitls 72, 75, 76 
Erysipelas 43, 44, 46 
Etiological Factors in Diseases incident to the Second Summer of 
Childhood, and Treatment 70 
Excoriations 9, 45 
Experimental Researches Concerning the Action of a Mixture of 
the Volatile Essences 81 
126 INDEX, BY SUBJECTS-Continued. 
For the hands 79 
Frost Bite 79 
Genito-Urinary Diseases 8 
Granular Eyelids 41 
Gynecology and Obstetrics 4, 6 
Hay Fever 12 
Headache, nervous. 78 
Hoarseness 12, 78 
Inhalation of Listerine 12, 78 
Inhibitory action 1, 99 
Instruments 79 
Intestinal disorders 100 
Laryngitis 12 
Lethal dose of antiseptics, McCaskey 90 
Leucorrhoea 4, 94 
Listerine Dermatic Soap 43, 122 
Listerine in the Sick-Room 79 
Listerine Tooth Powder 121 
Listerine Under the Microscope 91 
Listerinized solution 25 
Lochial discharges disinfected 4 
Malarial Fever 39 
Mal de mer 47 
Measles 37 
Milk fermentation prevented by Listerine 100 
Miscellaneous uses for Listerine 78, 79 
Mixture Dobell-Pynchon 23 
Mouth-wash in fever cases 39 
Oral Prophylaxis 109 
Otorrhoea 41 
Parturition 6 
Pasteur Institute, Report to the SI 
Pharyngitis H> U4 
Phthisis 13 
Physical properties 1 
Poison Oak or Ivy 79 
Post-partum douche 6, 7, 25 
Post-pharyngeal douche * H 
Preservative 2, 79, 98 
Preventive Treatment of Summer Diarrhea, The 50 
Price list of Listerine Specialties 3rd cover page 
Prickly heat 43 
Pruritus 45 
Prophylactic against venereal contamination 46 
Purulent conjunctivitis 41, 94 
Pyorrhea alv'eolaris 115, 116, 117, 118 
Regurgitation of food 47 
Respiratory Diseases 10 
Scarlet Fever 37, 40 
Sea Sickness 48 
Sedative action of Listerine 49 
Smallpox 37, 46 
Solutions Dobell 19 
Sores, Decubitus 38 
Sore Nipples 78 
Sore Throat 78 
127 INDEX, BY SUBJECTS-Continued* 
Sponge Bath 79 
Stings or Bites of Insects 79 
Stomatitis 47, 48, 120 
Summer Complaints of Infants and Children 49 
Summer Diarrhea in Children 51 
Summer Diarrhea of Infants 58 
Suppuration 2 
Surgery 2 
Syphilitic ulcers 12 
Tabulated exhibits of the antiseptic power of Listerine 86, 87, 95-100 
Testimonials 80 
Thoughts in Reference to the Treatment of Summer Diarrhea in 
Children, A few 66 
Tonsilitis 11, 115 
Topical antiseptic medication.,., 43 
Treatment of Cholera Infantum, The 56 
Treatment of Summer Complaints of Infants and Children, The 49 
Tubercular ulcers 12 
Two-fold antiseptic effect obtained by atomization 43 
Tympanites of typhoid fever, Louisville Medical News 40 
Typhoid Fever 39, 100 
I 
Ulcerations, venereal 8, 9 
Urethritis 8 
Urticaria 45 
Uterine cancer 4, 7 
Vaccination dermatitis 43 
Vaginal catarrh 4 
Vaginitis . 8, 46 
Variola 38, 44 
Venereal Sores 8 
Volatile Constituents 1 
Vomiting of Pregnancy 6 
Whooping-Cough r 12 
Whooping-Cough, The Treatment of 27 
Wounds, accidental or operative 2 
Zymotic Diseases 37 
LAMBERT-DEACON-HULL PRINTING CO. ST. LOUIS. 
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