UNIVEESAL r FORMULARY, 




A UNIYEESAL FORMULARY: CONTAINING THE METHODS OP PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING OFFICINAL AND OTHEE MEDICINES. THE WHOLE ADAPTED TO PHYSICIANS AND PHARMACEUTISTS. 
BY R. EGLESFELD GRIFFITH, M.D. 
A NEW EDITION. CAREFULLY REVISED AND MUCH EXTENDED PY ROBERT P. THOMAS, M.D. 
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. Selecta sunt quaa medicum nobilitant. — Linnaeus. 
PHILADELPHIA: AND LEA. 1859. 


6854a 1856 
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1354, by BLANC HARD AND LEA, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 
COLLINS, PRINTER. 


TO GEORGE B. WOOD, M.D., AND PR AN KLIN BACHE, M.D., AUTHORS OF " THE DISPENSATORY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA," THIS WORK IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY THEIR FRIEND, R. E. G. (v) 




PREFACE TO THE NEW EDITION. 
In preparing a new edition of the " Universal Formulary," the Editor has endeavored to carry out, as far as possible, the views of its lamented Author. Great care has been exercised to avoid those errors which almost inevitably occur in a work of this kind, deriving its materials, as it does, from a variety of sources, and from different languages. The additions are numerous, amounting to about seventy pages. Those made to the Formulary proper have the names of the authorities attached to them, and those to the practical remarks, in the latter part of the work, are enclosed in brackets [ ]. The last editions of the United States, the London, and the Dublin Pharmacopoeias, as well as of L'Officine, an invaluable work on practical Pharmacy, oy Dorvault, of Paris, have been freely used. The Editor has also availed himself of the valuable processes and formulas that have appeared within the past three years both in the Pharmaceutic and Medical Journals, and most of them will be found under the appropriate heads. 
Besides the strictly medical formulae, many have been added from authentic sources for the preparation of essences, perfumes, inks, soaps, varnishes, &c. &c, which the country Pharmaceutist often finds desirable to manufacture for himself. 
Philadelphia, May, 1854. 
vii 




PREFACE. 
The design of this work is to present a compendious collection of formulas and pharmaceutic processes, with such additional information as may render it useful to the physician and apothecary; and the principal aim has been to select materials most generally applicable, and of practical utility. The sources from which they have been derived are very numerous, as will be seen by a reference to the various authorities cited. 
The introduction contains tables and observations on the weights and measures employed for pharmaceutical purposes in the United States and in foreign countries, and an explanation or vocabulary of the principal abbreviations and Latin terms used by physicians in writing prescriptions, followed by observation's on the management of the sick-room, with rules for the administration of the different classes of medicines. 
The formulary is arranged alphabetically, according to the pharmaceutic names adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia; but in each formula, the English appellations for the articles composing it are used, and the quantities of these ingredients are expressed in words, and not in the usual pharmaceutic signs. 
These innovations may, and probably will, be objected to by many; but we feel convinced that a change has become requisite, and that fewer mistakes would be committed by physicians in writing prescriptions, both in the names of the ingredients and in the quantities, were they given at length, and in common language, instead of in the abbreviated cabalistic terms now used. In France this change has been made, and it is full time that other countries should follow her example. 
In this portion of the work, the compiler has derived much important assistance from several of his friends, and is under great obligation to Mr. Wni. Procter, Jr., for numerous formulas and many useful suggestions. He, also, is much indebted to Dr. Robert Bridges for his attentive revision of the sheets, as well as for some important corrections. 
ix 


X 
PREFACE. 
The various tables which follow, it is hoped, will add to the value of the work. The observations and directions on officinal preparations are given in as concise a form as possible; and are, for the most part, condensed from the excellent edition of Mohr and Redwood's Pharmacy, as edited by Mr. Wm. Procter, Jr. To this is added a short view of the action of poisons, with the best means of obviating their effects. 
To facilitate a reference to the contents of the work, copious indices have been added, not only of the formulas, but of the diseases for which they have been advised. 
In the botanical portion, the author has been obliged to cite, in almost every instance, his " Medical Botany." This has arisen from the fact, that no other work of a general character on medicinal plants has been issued from the American press. 
Philadelphia, March. 1850. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
xi 
Antacids 64 
Acids 64 
Rules for Administration of Medicines 63 
Intervals between Doses 63 
Time of Day 62 
State of the System 62 
Habit 61 
Idiosyncrasy 61 
Temperament 61 
Sex 61 
Age 61 
Doses of Medicines 60 
Proper use of Utensils for Evacuations 59 
Furniture of a Sick Room 58 
Administration of Medicine 58 
Examination and Preservation of the Excretions 58 
Quiet in the Sick Room 57 
Cleanliness in the Sick Room 57 
Temperature of the Sick Room 56 
Ventilation of the Sick Room 55 
Observations on the Management of the Sick Room 55 
Vocabulary of Words employed in Prescriptions 44 
Explanation of principal Abbreviations used in Formulae 43 
Relation between the different Thermometrical Scales 42 
Specific Gravities of some of the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias 41 
Hydrometrical Equivalents 36 
Temperatures for certain Pharmaceutical Operations 36 
Specific Gravity 28 
Foreign Weights • "0 Measures 24 
Dublin Weights 20 
Weights of the United States and Great Britain 17 
"Weights and Measures ; 17 
INTRODUCTION 17 
PREFACES 7, 9 


XII 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Antilithics and Lithontriptics 04 Antispasmodics 64 
Anthelmintics 65 
Cathartics . 65 
Enemata 66 
Suppositories 66 
Demulcents or Emollients . 67 
Diaphoretics 67 
Diluents 68 
Diuretics .... , 68 
Emetics 68 
Emmenagogues 69 
Epispastics 69 
Errhines 71 
Escharotics 71 
Expectorants 71 
Narcotics 72 
Refrigerants 72 
Sedatives 72 
Sialagogues 72 
Stimulants 73 
Tonics 73 
Management of Convalescence and Relapses . 74 
UNIVERSAL FORMULARY 75 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PREVIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS 487 
LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES 492 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES 496 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES WHICH DIFFER IN THE UNITED STATES AND BRITISH PHARMACOPOEIAS 503 
OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS 514 
Internal Remedies 514 
Powders 514 
Pills and Boluses 515 
Extracts 517 
Confections, Conserves, Electuaries 518 
Pulps 519 
Syrups 519 
Mellites or Honeys 520 
Infusions 520 
Decoctions 520 
Tinctures 521 
Wines 523 
Vinegars 524 
Mixtures 521 
Medicated Waters 525 
Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils 528 
Fixed Oils and Fats 533 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
XIII 
Alkaloids 533 
Spirits • 534 
Troches or Lozenges • • 534 
Inhalations., 535 
External Remedies 535 
Baths 535 
Cold Bath 535 
Cool Bath 5 3 6 
Temperate Bath 536 
Tepid Bath 536 
Warm Bath 536 
Hot Bath 537 
Shower Bath 537 
Local Baths 537 
Vapor Bath 538 
Warm Air Bath 538 
Douches 538 
Medicated Baths 539 
Affusion 539 
Sponging , 540 
Fomentations 541 
Cataplasms, or Poultices 541 
Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations 542 
Vesicatories, or Blisters 543 
Issues 543 
Setons 543 
Ointments 544 
Cerates 544 
Plasters 545 
Fumigations 546 
Blood-letting 547 
General Blood-letting 548 
Venesection , 548 
Artoriotomy 550 
Topical Blood-letting 550 
Cupping 550 
Leeching t .. 551 
Scarifications 552 
POISONS 553 
INDEX OF DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES 569 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 587 
GENERAL INDEX 595 




INTRODUCTION. 
Before entering upon the main object of the work, some introductory observations are required, on the forms in which remedial substances are administered, the processes to be pursued in their preparation, and on the weights and measures employed in the proper apportionment of the ingredients, and in the regulation of the doses to be administered. 
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 
These vary much in different countries, and even in the same country. Thus, in Great Britain and the United States, there are three standards of weight recognized and employed: the Avoirdupois, the Troy, and the Apothecaries'. 
Weights of the United States and Geeat Britain Avoirdupois Weight. 
This is the common standard employed in the selling or buying of such articles as are measured by weight, and is also in use among apothecaries in this country, except in the compounding and dispensing of medicines. 
Equal to troy grains. 1 drachm 27.34375 16= 1 ounce 437.5 256= 16= 1 pound 7000. 3584= 224= 14= 1 stone. 98000. 28672= 1792= 112= 8= 1 hundred weight 784000. 473440=35840=2240=160 = 20 = 1 ton 15680000. 
In weighing many articles, what is called the short ton, or 2000 pounds, is employed. 
jr — j — Troy Weight 
Is used in the sale of gold, silver, platina, and precious stones. 1 grain 24= 1 pennyweight 480= 20= 1 ounce 5760=240=12=1 pound. • The following are the relative proportions between the troy and the avoirdupois :- One pound troy is equivalent to 0.822857 pound avoirdupois, or 13 ounces, 2 drachms, 1 scruple, 8.7 grains. [13 ounces, 72.5 grains.] One ounce troy is equivalent to 1 ounce, 1 drachm, 1 scruple, 6.225 grains avoirdupois. One pound avoirdupois is equivalent to 1.215277 pound troy, or 1 pound, 2 ounces, 4 drachms, and 2 scruples. One ounce avoirdupois is equivalent to 7 drachms, 17.5 grains troy. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equivalent to 175 pounds troy. 175 ounces troy are equivalent to 192 ounces avoirdupois. The following table of equivalents in troy and avoirdupois weight, derived from Redwood's edition of Gray's Supplement to the Pharmacopoeia, will be found useful in making these calculations. 
2 (17) 


18 
INTRODUCTION. 
EQUIVALENTS IN TROY AND AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 
TROY. AV0IRDUPOI3. Troy grains. ~ " ~ lbs. oz. drs. grs. lbs. oz. grs. 60 1 60 120 2 120 240 4 240 437.5 7 17.5 1 480 1 1 42.5 875 1 6 35 2 960 2 2 85 1312 5 2 5 52.5 3 1440. 3 3 127.5 1750. 3 5 10 4 1920. 4 4 170 2187.5 4 4 27.5 5 2400 5 5 212.5 2625.0 5 3 45. 6 2880. 6 6 255 3062.5 6 3 2.5 7 3360 7 7 297.5 3500 7 2 20. 8 3840 8 8 340 3937.5 8 1 37.5 9 4320. 9 9 382.5 4375. 9 0 55. 10 4800 ' 10 10 425. 4812.5 10 12.5 11 5250 10 7 30. 12 5280 11 ' 12 30 5687.5 11 6 47.5 13 5760. 1 13 72.5 6125. 1 0 6 5. 14 6562.5 1 1 5 22.5 15 7000 1 2 4 40. 1 7680 1 4 1 1 242.5 9600 1 8 1 5 422.5 10500 1 9 7 1 8 11520 2 1 10 145 14000 2 5 1 20 2 17280 3 2 7 217.5 21000 3 7 6 0 3 23040 4 3 4 290 28000 4 10 2 40 4 28800 5 4 1 362.5 34560 6 4 14 435 35000 6 0 7 20 5 40320 7 5 12 70 42000 7 3 4 0 6 46080 8 6 9 142.5 49000 8 6 0 40 7 51840 9 7 6 215 56000 9 8 5 20 8 57600 10 8 3 287.5 63000 10 11 2 0 9 


INTRODUCTION. 
19 
TROY. AVOIRDUPOIS. Troy grains. i . lbs. "oz. drs. grs- lbs. oz. grs. 6336TJ 11 9 0 360 69120 12 9 13 432.5 70000 12 1 6 40 10 74880 13 10 11 67.5 77000 13 4 3 20 11 80640 14 11 8 140 84000 14 7 0 0 12 86400 15 12 5 212.5 91000 15 9 4 40 13 92160 16 13 2 285 97920 17 13 15 357.5 980C0 17 0 1 20 14 103680 18 14 12 430 105000 18 2 6 0 15 109440 19 15 10 65 112000 19 5 2 40 16 115200 20 16 7 137.5 119000 20 7 7 20 17 120960 21 17 4 210 126000 21 10 4 0 18 126720 22 18 1 282.5 132480 23 18 14 355 133000 23 1 0 40 19 138240 24 19 11 427.5 140000 24 3 5 20 20 144000 25 20 9 62.5 147000 25 6 2 0 21 149760 26 21 6 135 154000 26 8 6 40 22 155520 27 22 3 207.5 161000 27 11 3 20 23 161280 28 23 0 280 167040 29 23 13 352.5 168000 29 2 0 0 24 172800 30 24 10 425 175000 30 4 4 40 25 178560 31 25 8 59 182000 31 7 1 20 26 184320 32 26 5 131.5 189000 32 9 6 0 27 190080 33 27 2 204 195840 34 27 15 276.5 196000 34 0 2 40 28 201600 35 28 12 149 203000 35 2 7 20 29 207360 36 29 9 421.5 210000 36 5 4 0 30 230400 40 32 14 275 280000 48 7 2 40 40 288000 50 41 2 125 345600 60 49 5 412.5 350000 60 9 1 20 50 403200 70 57 9 262.5 420000 72 | 11 0 0 60 


20 
INTRODUCTION. 
« 
tW)t. AVOIRDUPOIS. Troy gttiat. _ p 1 , J**- dm. gr», lbs. oz. grg. 460800 80 65 13 113 400000 85 0 6 40 70 518400 90 74 0 400 5 600000 07 2 5 20 80 670000 100 82 4 250 5 080000 100 4 4 0 00 645120 112 92 2 245 700000 121 6 2 40 100 784000 136 1 2 40 112 
When applied to the compounding or dispensing of medicines, this weight in known a» Apothecaries' weight, and differs from the last in the of tho ounoo, viz:— 
standard of subdivision 
Apothecaries' Weight. 
1 grain 20 m 1 scruple 60 = 3=1 drachm 480 = 24 = 8 = 1 ounce 5700 = 288 = 96 = 12 = 1 pound. 
To designate those divisions, the following marks are generally used in prescrip tious: a grain, gr.; a scruple, 9; a drachm, 3; an ounce, g; a pound, ft. Dublin Weights. Adopted by the Dublin College in the edition of their Pharmacopoeia for 1850 :— 
1 grain ? 18.22 = 1 scruple 64.68 = 3 = 1 drachm 437.5 = 24 = 8 = 1 ounce 7000. = 384 = 128 = 16 = 1 pound. 
Foreign Weights. 
Franck.— Anterior to the French Revolution of 1789, the scale of weight used was (lu» poii/s de marc, the unit of which was the pound of Charlemagne, which was equivalent to 7561 Troy grains, and was divided as follows: — 
Poids de Marc 
Troy grains. Grammes. 
1 grain = 0.8203 = 0.0531 24 = 1 denier . = 19.687 = 1.274 72 = 8= lgros = 59.070 = 3.824 670= 24= 8= lonce = 472.542 = 30.594 4608 = 192= 64= 8 =1 marc = 3780.500 =244.753 6912 = 288 = 96 = 12 = 1 livre medicinal - 5670.750 = 367.129 9216 = 884 = 128 = i6 = 1 livre marchand or poid do maro = 7561.000 = 489.505 
"When the decimal system was introduced by the National Assembly, a new series of measures was adopted, termed the metrical, in which the metre, or the ten-millionth part of a quarter of tho meridian of the earth, is taken as the unit; this is divided into ten parts, each of which is called a decimetre, which in turn is divided into ten rmtimetnts. A cubic decimetre is assumed as the unit of measures of capacity, and termed a litre. The unit of weight is called a gramme, and is a cubic centimetre of distilled water at 89.5 Fahr. 


21 
INTRODUCTION. 
Metrical Weight. 
Troy grains. 
1 milligramme = .015434 10 = 1 centigramme = .15434 100 = 10 = 1 decigramme = 1.5434 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 gramme = 15.434 10000= 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 decagramme = 154.34 100000= 10000 Z 1000 = 100 = 10= 1 hectogramme. = 1543.4 1000000 = 100000 = 10000 = 1000 = 100 = 10 = 1 kilogram.=15434. 
* This system of weights, although adopted by the scientific men of France, was not favorably received by the people generally, who obstinately adhered to the old system of the poids de marc ; and, although many stringent laws were passed, from time to time, to render the metrical system obligatory, the government in 1812 was forced to make an attempt to amalgamate the two systems, by altering the livre, and making it equal to half a kilogramme, assuming this as the unltplTld calculating the other divisions from it, according to the old nomenclature. The following table shows the equivalent of the two scales and of avoirdupois : — 
French Weights op 1812. 
French weights Metrical weight. English avoirdupois. of 1812. grammes. lb. oz. dr. grains. 1 livre = 500 = 1 1 10 6.06 \ « = 250 = 8 13 3.03 | « = 125 = 4 6 15.19 2 once = 62.5 = 2 3 7.60 1 » = 31.25 = 11 17.47 i " = 15.625 m 8 22.40 2gros = 7.812 = 4 11.20 1 « = 3.906 = 2 5.60 i « = 1.9531 = 1 2.80 1 grain = 0.0542 = 0.837 
The adoption of this system was not made obligatory upon the pharmaciens by law until the year 1827; and indeed it appears never to have been generally adopted, the greatest confusion having prevailed with regard to the weights and measures used in the preparation of medicine, as well as in commerce generally, up to the year 1840. In July, 1837, a law was passed which definitively abolished the use of all other weights and measures, excepting those of the metrical or decimal system, from and after August, 1840. The Metrical Weight, therefore, is now the only one permitted to be used throughout France. 
The exact proportion of troy weight to the metrical standard has never been fully and exactly ascertained. In the table previously given, the kilogramme has been considered as equivalent to 15434 grains troy, which is the usual estimate of it. Francoeur, however, estimates the pound troy as equal to 392.9986 grammes; Matthieu, Legendre, and Duborg, as equal to 373.0956 grammes; Chelius and Houschild to 373.243 grammes. But the most correct estimation appears to be that of Lochman, who considers 9216 grains poid de marc as equivalent to 7555 grains troy; the pound troy as equal to 7026.320 grains marc; and the kilogramme as equal to 15434 grains troy.* The subjoined tables are calculated on this estimation: 
Value of Troy Weight in Metrical Weight. 
One pound = 373.202 grammes One ounce = 31.10017 « One drachm = 3.887521 " One scruple = 1.295840 " One grain = 0.06479201 « 
* By examination at the English mint the gramme is determined to be 15.434 Troy grains. 


22 
INTRODUCTION. 
Value op Trot Weight in Maro Weight. 
One pound = 12 onces, 1 gros, 42.32 grains One ounce = 1 once 9.53 " One drachm = 1 " 1.19 " One scruple = 24.40 u One grain s= 1.22 " 
The other European States differ much in their medicinal weights from the troy standard; but it is superfluous to examine each in detail, the following synopsis and table being sufficient to show the variations. 1. The medicinal pound, except in Dublin and Turkey, and by the old poids de marc, is in all of them divided into 12 ounces. 2. In all of them the ounce is divided into 8 drachms, except in Naples, where it contains 10. 
3. In all, the ounce is divided into 3 scruples. 4. But the value of the scruple differs. It is composed of 24 grains at Bologna, Coni, Lucca, Modena, Parma, Rome, and in Spain, France, Portugal, Tuscany, and Sardinia. 
Of 20 grains in Great Britain, (excepting Dublin, where it is 18.22 grains,) the United States, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Poland, Prussia, and Sweden; at Lubeck, Naples, Nuremberg, and Venice. 5. Consequently, the pound consists of 5760 grains in the United States, Great Britain, Austria, Bavaria, Holland, Poland, Prussia, and Sweden ; at Lubeck, Nuremberg, Naples, and Venice. 6400 grains in Turkey. 6912 grains in Spain, Portugal, Tuscany, Sardinia, Bologna, Lucca, Modena, Parma, Rome, and Coni. 7000 grains in Dublin. 7200 grains at Naples* 9216 grains in France by the poids de marc. The subjoined table shows the differential values between the troy weight and the medicinal weights of the countries of Europe, calculated in grains:— 
Value of the pound, 5760 grains. 
Value of the ounce, 480 grains. 
Value of the drachm, 60 grains. 
Value of the scruple, 20 grains. 
Value of the grain. 
countries, &c. 
Austria ('). Bavaria ( 2 ). Bologna.... Coni 
5118.09 5971.23 7920.93 8392.40 7807.42 5732.38 5823.60 7711.73 7576.80 8334.64 8377.11 6007.22 
426.51 497.60 660.08 699.37 650.62 477.70 485.30 642.64 631.40 694.55 698.09 500.60 
53.31 
17.77 
0.89 
62.20 
20.73 
1.04 
82.51 
27.50 
1.38 
87.42 
29.14 
1.46 
Corte 
81.33 
27.11 
1.36 
Holland ( 3 ). Lubeck. , . 
59.71 
19.90 
1.00 
60.66 
20.22 
1.01 
Lucca. 
80.33 
26.78 
1.34 
Modena. 
78.92 
26.31 
1.32 
Monticelli ( 4 ) Naples ( 5 ) Nuremberg ( 6 ) 
86.82 
28.94 
1.45 
87.26 
29.09 
1.46 
20.86 
62.58 
1.04 
( 1 ) This weight is used in Austria Proper, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary, Transylvania, Tyrol, and the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, with the exception of the city of Venice. 
( 2 ) This weight has been adopted in Greece, ( 8 ) This weight is also used in Belgium. ( 4 ) Monticelli, Castelvetro, and Polesine. 
( 6 ) Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. 
(6) This weight is no longer used in Nuremberg; this city, being now incorporated in the 


INTRODUCTION 
23 
Value of the pound, 6760 grains. 
Value of the ounce, 480 grains. 
Value of the drachm, 60 grains. 
Value of the scruple, 20 grains. 
Value of the grain. 
COUNTRIES, 40. 
Parma ( 7 ) ... Piacenza ( 8 ). Poland 
7864.55 8124.20 5996.04 7494.62 6128.12 7607.72 7475.46 6034.48 7770.71 7436.78 7597.21 7136.23 
655.38 677.02 499.67 624.55 510.68 633.98 622.96 502.87 647.56 619.73 633.10 594.69 
81.92 
2731 
1.37 
84.63 
28.21 
1.41 
20.82 
1.04 
62.46 
Portugal.... Prussia ( 9 ). Rome 
78.07 
26.02 
1.30 
63.83 
21.28 
1.06 
79.25 
26.42 
1.32 
Spain.... Sweden. Turin.... 
77.87 
25.96 
1.30 
62.86 
20.95 
1.05 
80.94 
26.98 
1.35 
Turkey.. Tuscany Venice.. 
77.47 
25.82 
1.29 
79.14 
26.38 
1.32 
74.34 
24.78 
1.24 
kingdom of Bavaria, has adopted the Bavarian standard. But the Nuremberg weight is still extensively used in Germany and other countries. In Germany, we find it in the duchies of Saxe-Altenburg, and of Anhalt Bernburg; grand duchy of Baden; city of Bremen; duchies if Brunswick, Saxe Meiningen, and Saxe Coburg Gotha; cities of Frankfort-on-the-Maine and Hamburg; kingdom of Hanover; electorate of Hesse, grand duchy of Hesse, landgraviate of Hesse Homburg; principality of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen; duchy of Nassau; grand duchy of Oldenburg; principalities of Reuss-Plauen and Reuss-Schlcitz, of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, and Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen; duchy of Sleswick-Holstein: principality of Waldeck; grand duchy of Saxe Weimar; and kingdom of Wirtemberg. The Nuremberg standard is also adopted in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Russia, and Switzerland. 
( 7 ) Parma, Borgo San-Donnino, Pellegrino, San-Secondo, Fontanellato, and Bussetto. ( 8 ) Piacenza, Fiorenzola, and Carpaneta. ( 9 ) This standard has been adopted in the kingdom of Saxony, the principalities of Lippe- Detmold and Lippe-Schaumberg, and the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau. It differs so little from those of Anhalt-Cocthen and the grand duchies of Mccklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, that the standard of these three territories may be considered identical with that of Prussia. This table needs hardly any explanation: it will enable the pharmaceutist — in all cases of foreign formula? — to calculate the foreign weight in troy weight; thus, e. g. — one grain troy being equal to 0.89 grain of Austria — the value of one grain Austrian weight in troy weight may be readily ascertained by a simple rule of three example : — 
0.89 : 1 : : 1 1 X 1 = X 1 = 0.100 0.89)0.100(1.1235 89 110 89 210 178 320 267 530 445 65 


24 
INTRODUCTION. 
The value of these various pounds in grammes is thus calculated by Jourdain :•— 
The pound of 5760 grains. Venice = 301.230 grammes Prussia aa 350.761 » Sweden = 356.227 " Nuremberg aa 357.843 « Poland = 358.510 « Bavaria = 360.000 " Lubeck = 369.126 « United States and ) 373 2{)2 Great Britain j Holland == 375.000 " Austria = 420.009 " The pound of 6400 grains. Turkey = 321.317 " The pound of 6912 grains. Ooni = 307.370 " Monticelli = 307.370 « 
Piacenza = 317.577 grammes Bologna as 325.665 « Soragna = 325.800 " Parma = 328.000 " Corte = 330.400 " Turin = 331.961 « Lucca = 334.500 " Rome a= 339.073 " Tuscany as 339.542 " Modena as 340.457 " Portugal s= 344.190 " Spain s= 345.072 The pound of 7200 grains. Naples as 320.230 " The pound of 9216 grains. France = 489.503 « 
Liquid Measures of the United States and Great Britain. 
The liquid measures employed by the apothecaries in the United States, are fine wine gallon and its sub-divisions. 
"Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. 
(Adopted in the United States Pharmacopoeia.) 
Cubic Inches. Grains Troy. 
0.95 
1 minim, m, 0.95 60 == 1 fluidrachm, f. 3 = 0.2256 as 56.96 480 as 8 = 1 fluidounce, f. 3 =s 1.8047 = 455.69 7680 a= 128 = 16 = 1 pint, O - = 28.875 = 7291.11 61440 a= 1024 == 128 = 8 = 1 gallon, Cong, sa 231. == 58328.88 
For a long time, the Royal Colleges of Physicians in England, Scotland, and Ireland declined to recognize the use of measures in preparing and dispensing medicines, on the ground that the varying densities of different fluids rendered it difficult to use one common measure for all without risk of serious errors. But as druggists and medical practitioners constantly employed measures, in defiance of the prohibition, and as the practice, besides being attended with great and obvious convenience, was found to be less fraught with danger than had been conceived, the London College in the first instance, and subsequently the other colleges also, recognized a system of measures of their own, founded on the standard measures of the country. The Colleges of London and Edinburgh, adopting the imperial pint of 1826 as the basis, divide it into twenty parts, called fluidounces; each of which corresponds exactly with an avoirdupois ounce of distilled water at 62° F. and 30° bar., and therefore contains 437.5 grains troy. The fluidounce is subdivided into eight parts of 54.6875 grains, termed fluidrachms ; and each of these consists of sixty parts, called minims, which therefore amount each in weight to 0.91146 troy grains of distilled water. [The Dublin College, at the last revision of its Pharmacopoeia in 1851, adopted the same standard for measures; so that all the British Colleges now use the Imperial pint and its subdivision of twenty fluidounces.—Ed.] 


25 
INTRODUCTION. 
Imperial Measure. 
(Adopted by all the British Colleges.) 
Grains Troy. Avoir 
1 minim = 0.91 60 = 1 fluidrachm = 54.7 480 = 8 " 1 fluidounce = 437.5 = 1 oz. 9600 = 160 " = 20 " = 1 pint = 8750. = 1.25 lb. 76800 = 1280 "=160 " = 8 « = 1 gallon = 70000. = 10 lbs. 
Value op Wine or Apothecaries' Measure in Imperial Measure. 
Wine Measure. Imperial Measure. 
Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 
1 gallon = 6 13 2 23 1 pint = 16 5 18 1 fluidounce = 1 0 20 1 fluidrachm =s —. 1 2.5 1 minim = 1.04 
Value of Imperial Measures in Wine or Apothecaries' Measure. Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 1 gallon 1 1 9 5 8 1 pint 1 3 1 38 1 fluidounce 7 41 1 fluidrachm 58 1 minim 0.9 
Besides these regular and authorized measures, there are others constantly used in the preparation and administration of medicines, which require notice. These, which have been adopted for convenience, are far from being uniform, but may be used without danger for ordinary purposes. Drs. Wood and Bache estimate the 
Teacup as containing about four fluidounces. Wineglass " " two fluidounces. Tablespoon " " a half a fluidounce. Teaspoon " " a fluidrachm. 
Dr. Christison gives a somewhat different calculation; he considers a 
Tumbler to contain eight fluidounces. Breakfast cup " do do Teacup " five fluidounces. Wineglass u two fluidounces. Tablespoon " half a fluidounce. Dessertspoon " two fluidrachms. Teaspoon " one fluidrachm. 
In both these estimates, the teaspoon is rated too low; they apply very well to the teaspoon formerly used, but not to the much larger kind now in general u?e, which approaches the dessertspoon in capacity. Quart and pint bottles are also sometimes employed as measures of capacity for medical purposes; but they are very fallacious guides of quantity, as the so-called quart bottle never holds a quart, nor the misnamed pint bottle a pint. The first seldom holds more than twenty-six to twentyseven fluid ounces, and the latter from thirteen to fourteen. It is still more common to estimate small quantities or doses of medicine by drops, as representing, and equivalent to, minims. This is so convenient, that it is not likely to > be abandoned, though nothing can be more erroneous, as the size of the 


26 
INTRODUCTION. 
drop of the same fluid varies much with the form of the mouth of the bottle, its size, the mode in which the operation is performed, and still more from the nature of the fluid thus attempted to be measured. Numerous experiments have been made on the subject, but can only be considered as approximate estimates, though sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. Mr. Alsop, of London, some years since, published the result of some experiments made by him, which show the great variation to which this mode of measuring is liable. The following proves that the number of drops required to measure a fluidrachm are widely different when dropped from a large or a small bottle. 
One fluidrachm. Large bottle. Small bottle. Diluted sulphuric acid 24 drops 84 drops Scheele's hydrocyanic acid 35 " 70 " Distilled water 31 " 54 " Solution of ammonia 40 u 48 " Tincture of opium 84 " 135 " Rectified spirit 100 " 130 « Tincture of muriate of iron 100 " 150 " 
Mr. Durand, of Philadelphia, in an able paper on the subject (Journ. Phila. Col. of Pharm., vol. i. p. 165), says, " The bulk of drops depends not only on the density of the liquids which furnish them, and the cohesion of the constituent particles of that liquid, but also on the shape of the mouth of the vessel from which they are poured. An open vessel with a beak, such as the common graduated measure, affords a larger drop than a bottle with the stopper half drawn out; a mode commonly practiced. That furnished by the dropping tube is still smaller, and is ever liable to vary with the greater or lesser diameter of its extremity. Besides, in every instance, the first drops poured from any vessel are always smaller than those subsequently obtained." 
He goes on to say that the following may be considered as established: — 1. That liquids which contain a small proportion of water afford a small drop; while, on the contrary, liquids containing a large quantity of water furnish a large drop. For instance, concentrated acids, ethers, rectified alcohol, fixed and essential oils, &c, which contain a very small proportion of water, yield a smaller drop than diluted acids, weak alcohol, wine, &c. 2. That, among liquids containing a large proportion of water, those which are not charged with remedial substances give a larger and heavier drop than those same liquids containing extraneous bodies in solution. Thus, weak alcohol, wine, vinegar, and water furnish a larger and heavier drop than the tinctures prepared from them. The following table illustrates his remarks:— 
TABLE 
Showing the Difference between Minims, Drops, and Grains of various Medicinal Liquid Preparations of the Pharmacopoeia of the United, States, &c. 
si g.s * a °« 
J m "rt a, a Oo is 
II ¦8 2 <« Sb 
a g 53 .S 
preparations. 
Sulphuric acid 80 13.3 25 16 Sulphuric ether 50 8 60 6 Rectified alcohol 46 8.6 57 7.1 Nitric acid 28 14.2 22.2 18 Acetic acid (crystallizable) 40 10 40 10 Muriatic acid 18 22.2 18.1 22 


27 
INTRODUCTION 
sJ II I.S 
a s S3 .3 
p .a £.2 
1 j bg 53 .a 
PREPARATIONS. 
Oil of wormseed (chenopod. anthelminticum) of peppermint, aniseed, sweet almond, olive, palma christi of cloves 
40 10 50 8 40 10 43.5 9 40 10 36 11 40 10 32 12.5 40 10 40 10 40 10 42 9.5 40 10 43 9.3 40 10 50 8 44 9.1 50 8 26 15.3 25 16 24 16.6 26 15.3 26 15.3 29 13.7 25 16 29 13.7 19 21 20 20 26 15.3 25 16 15 26.6 17.5 24.5 15 26.6 17.5 24.5 17 23.5 17 23.5 17 23.5 17 23.5 18 22.2 18.5 22 15 26.6 20 20 18 22.2 20 20 19 21 20 20 
of cinnamon Copaiba 
Piluted alcohol. 
Tincture of hydriodate of potassa, cantharides, kino, digitalis, assafetida, sulphuric acid, colchicum, opium, valerian, guaiacum of valerian guaiacum (volatile) of muriate of iron 
"Wine, Teneriffe.. antimonial 
of opium (Sydenham's laudanum) of colchicum root and seeds 
Vinegar, distilled of opium (black drop) ~\ of colchicum t of squill j Water, distilled solution of hydrocyanic acid sulphuric acid (1 to 7) nitric " " 
ammonia (strong) .... " (weak) hydriodate of potassa arsenite of potassa ... 
The only mode to obviate these discrepancies is for the physician to order the administration of small quantities of fluid medicines in minims, and not in drops, which would induce the use of a minim measure in every sick room. 
French Measures op Capacity—Apothecaries' Measure 1 millilitre = 16.2318 minims. 10= 1 centilitre = 2.7053 fl. dr. 100= 10= 1 decilitre = 3.3816 fl. ounces 1000= 100= 10= 1 litre = 2.1135 pints. 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 decalitre = 2.6419 gallons. 100000= 10000= 1000= 100= 10= 1 hectolitre = 26.4190 « 1000000=100000=10000=1000=100=10=1 kilolitre.. =264.1900 " 
Litres. Eng. cubic inches. Imperial pints. Wine pints. Troy ounces of water. 1 = 61.028 = 1.7608 = 2.1135 = 32.104 2 = 122.056 = 3.5216 = 4.2270 = 64.208 3 = 183.084 = 5.2822 = 6.3405 = 96.312 4 = 244.112 = 7.0430 = 8.4541 = 128.416 5 = 305.140 = 8.8038 = 10.5676 = 160.520 6 = 366.168 = 10.5646 = 12.6811 = 192.624 7 = 427.196 = 12.3253 = 14.7947 = 224.728 8 = 488.224 = 14.0861 = 16.9082 = 256.832 9 = 549.252 = 15.8469 = 19.0217 = 288.936 


28 
INTRODUCTION. 
» 
The former measure in use before the introduction of the metrical system was the pint, and its subdivisions; and it still continues to be employed in some parts. It agrees with the metrical measure as follows: — 
1 demi-poisson = 62.50 grammes = 0 litre 0 decilitre 6.25 centilitre. 1 poisson =125 = 0 » 1 " 2.5 " 1 demi-setier = 250 = 0 « 2 " 5 » lchopine = 500 = 0 « 5 " 0 « 1 pinte = 1000 = 1 " 0 " 0 « 
The subjoined is a list of the principal liquid measures of Europe, with their corresponding value in the metrical measure of France :— 
Austria. — The fundamental unity is the mass or Jeanne = 71.3343 Par. cubio inches, or 1.415015 litre. The mass is divided into 3 seidel, and 40 mass make one eimer. 
Baden. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 1.5 decimetre cubic, and accordingly equivalent to 1.5 litre. Bavaria. — The fundamental unity is the mass = 43 decimal cubic inches of Bavaria, or 1.06921728 litre. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. Denmark. —The fundamental unity is the pott (gLd part of a cubic foot Danish), equivalent to 0.96529 litre. The pott is divided into four pegel, and 2 potts make a kanne. 
Grand Duchy of Hesse.—The fundamental unity is the mass, which corresponds exactly to 2 litres. The mass is divided into 4 schoppen. Naples.—The unity is the barile, equivalent to 43.6216 litres. Portugal.—The unity is the almude, equivalent to 16.451 litres. Prussia.—The unity is the quart. This measure has a capacity of 64 cubic inches of distilled water, at 61.25 Fahr. and 27° 10' barom., = 57.724 cubic inches of Paris, or 1.145 litre. 
Rome.—The unity is the barile, equivalent to 58.3416 litres. Russia. — The unity is the wedro, which contains 750 cubic inches of distilled water at 50° Fahr. and 30° barom., = 30 pounds Russian. The wedro is equivalent to 12.28963047 litres, and one litre is accordingly equivalent to 0.081369410776019 wedro. The wedro is divided into 10 stof, and the stof into 10 tschar/c. Spain.—The unity is the arroba, equivalent to 16.073 litres. Sweden. —The fundamental unity is the kanna, which contains 100 cubic decimal inches of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, equivalent to 6.151951 pounds Swedish. One pound Swedish of pure water at 62° Fahr., in vacuo, is equal to 0.4250104 litre; the kanna is consequently equivalent to 2.6146431552904-litres, or, calculated upon the maximum density of water, 2.617341607126 litres, or, in shorter terms, 2.62 litres. The kanna is divided into 2 stop, the stop into 4 quarter, and the quarter into 4 jungfrur. T urin.—The unity is the brenta, divided into 36 pints, and equivalent to 49.28468 litres. 
Tuscany.—The unity is the barile, equivalent to 45.584 litres. Wirtemberg.—The unity is the mass, which contains 78.125 cubic inches (Wirtemberg measure), and is equivalent to 1.83705 litre. The mass is divided into four schoppen. 
SPECIFIC GRAVITY. 
The following remarks on Specific Gravity have been taken from Redwood's edition to Gray's Supplement, and comprise in a condensed form much useful information. 
The determination of the specific gravity of a body consists in estimating the weight of a given volume of it, as compared with an equal volume of some other body. The bodies usually taken as the standard of comparison are pure water for solids and liquids, and atmospheric air for gases. 


29 
INTRODUCTION. 
The specific gravity of a solid is determined first by weighing it in the, ordinary manner with an accurate balance suspended in the air; then attaching a horse-hair, or fine silken thread to the solid body, immersing it in pure distilled water, and weighing it while thus immersed. The weight of the body in air, divided by the difference between its weight in air and its weight in water, will be its specific gravity. Thus a piece of lead is found to weigh 398 grains in air. When immersed in water, its weight is 362.4 grains; and the difference between these two weights, namely, 35,6, is the weight of the volume of water displaced by the lead, or of a volume of water equal to that of the lead. The volume of water being taken as unity, the specific gravity of the lead is found by the following rule of three sum:— 35.6 : 1 : : 398 : 11.176, the specific gravity of the lead. In taking the specific gravity of a solid substance lighter than water, some modification of the process is required; but we have, nevertheless, the same preliminary points to determine; first, the weight of the substance in air; and secondly, the weight of an equal volume of water. This may be illustrated by taking the specific gravity of a piece of wax. The weight of the wax in air is 105.4 grains. On immersing the wax in water, two pressures are exerted — a pressure downwards, equal to the gravity or weight of the wax, and a pressure upwards, equal to the weight of the volume of water displaced by the wax; but the specific gravity of water being greater than that of wax, the upward pressure preponderates, and the wax rises to the surface. Thus, we find that a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs as much as the wax, aud something more. We must ascertain how much more; and this is done in the following manner : Some body heavier than water, and the weight of which in water is known, is attached to the wax, and the two bodies are weighed in water together. A piece of lead may be used for this purpose. The lead, alone, weighs 378 grains in water; with the wax attached to it, the weight in water is 372.4 grains, making a difference of 5.6 grains; and this 5.6 grains is equal to the excess of the upward over the downward pressure on the wax, when immersed in water. Thus, a volume of water equal to that of the wax weighs 5.6 grains more than the wax, or 105.4 + 5.6=111 grains. Then, 111 : 1 : : 105.5 : 0.949, the specific gravity of the wax. It sometimes happens that the solid substance, the specific gravity of which is to be determined, is in powder, or in several small particles. In such cases, it is found convenient to proceed as in the following method of taking the specific gravity of calomel:— 
100 grains of calomel are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, which holds 1000 grains of distilled water; the bottle is filled up with water, and the weight of the contents is found to be 1083.7 grains; deducting the weight of the calomel (100 grains) from this, the remainder (983.7 grains) will be the weight of the water in the bottle, and the difference (16.3 grains) between this and 1000 grains, the weight of the whole contents of the bottle when filled with distilled water, is the weight of a volume of water equal to the volume of the calomel. Then, 16.3 : 1 : : 100 : 6.03, the specific gravity of the calomel. In taking the specific gravity of substances soluble in water, other modifications of the process are required. Sometimes the substance may be covered with a thin coating of varnish, so as to protect it from the action of the water. This method answers very well for blue pill, which may be brushed over with a strong tincture of mastic, and then proceeded with as in the case of the lead. In other instances, however, it is necessary to pursue a different course. Thus, any powder that is soluble in water must have its specific gravity taken, in the first instance, with reference to some liquid in which it is not soluble. Spirit of wine, oil of turpentine, or olive oil, may be used in such cases. The process may be illustrated by describing the method of taking the specific gravity of guano in oil of turpentine. In the first place, the specific gravity of the oil of turpentine is ascertained to be 0.874. Then 100 grains of guano are introduced into a specific gravity bottle, as in the case of the calomel; and the bottle being filled up with oil of turpentine, the weight of the contents is found to be 922.7 grains, from which deducting 100 grains, 


30 
INTRODUCTION. 
the remainder (822.7 grains) will represent the oil not displaced by the guano; and this, deducted from 874 grains, the quantity of oil the bottle is capable of holding, leaves 51.3 grains as the weight of a volume of oil of turpentine equal to that*of the guano. Now, 874 : 51.3 : : 1000 : 58.7, the weight of a volume of water equal to that of the guano. Then, 58.7 : 1 : : 100 : 1.7, the specific gravity of the guano. The methods by which the specific gravities of liquids are usually determined may be divided into two classes:— 
1st. Those which consist in filling any suitable vessel with the liquid to be estimated, ascertaining the weight of the contents, and dividing this by the weight of the same volume of water. 
2d. Those which consist in displacing a portion of the liquid by some solid body floating in it, and estimating the specific gravity according to the weight and volume of the substance immersed, as compared with its immersion in water. In the first case, the instruments employed are a specific gravity bottle and an ordinary balance. In the second case, the instruments used may be comprehended under the general terms of hydrometers or aerometers. These, however, are distinguished from each other, for there are many varieties of them, by different names, according to the particular purpose for which they are respectively intended, or from some peculiarity in their construction. 
The specific gravity bottle affords the most accurate means of determining the comparative densities of liquids. It consists, usually, of a globular bottle with a flat bottom and a slender neck, which holds exactly 1000 grains of distilled water at a certain fixed temperature. It is very easy at any time to test the accuracy of one of these bottles by a single experiment; and, having ascertained that the bottle is correctly adjusted with regard to distilled water, the indications afforded with any other liquid will be equally trustworthy. The weight in grains of the quantity of any liquid filling such bottle will indicate its specific gravity. Hydrometers, or aerometers, are floating instruments, and their application for the purpose of determining the specific gravities of liquids depends upon the fact, that a body immersed in any liquid, sustains a pressure from below upwards equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid displaced by such body. The use of hydrometers for determining the specific gravities of liquids has been traced back to a period about 300 years before Christ; an instrument of this kind being described as the invention of Archimedes, the Sicilian mathematician. It subsequently fell into disuse, but was again brought into notice by Basil Valentine. There are two kinds of hydrometers, which may be taken as the types of all the different varieties in regard to construction : — 1st. Those which are always immersed in the liquids to be tried, to the same depth, and to which weights are added to adjust the instrument to the density of any particular liquid. Of this description are Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, and Guyton de Morveau's hydrometers. 2d. Those which are always used with the same weight, but which sink into the liquids to be tried to different depths, according to the densities of the liquids. These usually have graduated scales attached to their stems. Of this description are the common glass hydrometers, generally including those of Baume, Cartier, Gay Lussac, Twaddle, Zannetti, &c, and the specific gravity beads. Sikes's and Dicas's hydrometers combine the principles of both types, having movable weights and graduated scales. Hydrometers may also be divided into two classes, as follows: — First. Those having a general application, for determining the comparative densities of any liquids. Second. Those intended for special application ; as for estimating the comparative strengths of spirits, or the comparative densities of syrups, oils, &c. Fahrenheit's, Nicholson's, Guyton de Morveau's, and the common glass hydrome- 


31 
INTRODUCTION. 
ters, including Baume's, Carrier's, Zanetti's, and the specific gravity beads, belong to the first class. 
Gay Lussac's, Sikes's, and Dicas's hydrometers, the saccharometer, urinometer, and elaeometer, belong to the second class. Fahrenheit's hydrometer consists of two glass bulbs blown in a glass tube, like a common hydrometer, excepting that the upper bulb is larger, and the stem, which is small, is terminated at the top in a cup or funnel. It has a mark on the middle of the stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float, by means of weights put into the cup. Nicholson's hydrometer is a modification of Fahrenheit's. It is made of brass, and consists of a hollow globe, to which is fixed a slender stem surmounted by a cup; on the opposite side of the globe is another cup fixed in a kind of stirrup, and loaded, so that this may always form the lowest point of the instrument when immersed in any liquid. There is a mark on the middle of the upper stem, indicating the point at which the instrument is to be made to float. A certain weight is introduced into the cup, to cause the instrument to sink to the proper mark in distilled water. On immersing the hydrometer into any other liquid, more or less weight will have to be put into the cup, according as such liquid is more or less dense than water. Thus the relative densities of liquids are determined. This instrument is also applicable for taking the specific gravities of solids. If the solid substance be put into the cup, as part of the weight required to sink tho hydrometer in distilled water, the weight of the substance in air is ascertained; and if it be then put into the lower cup, immersed in the water, and the instrument again adjusted, its weight in water is ascertained; and from these its specific gravity is calculated. 
Guyton de Morveau's hydrometer is similar to Fahrenheit s. Baume's hydrometers are used extensively in this country, as well as in France, and are applicable for all kinds of liquids. There are two distinct instruments: one for liquids lighter than water, and the other for liquids heavier than water. The latter, is, for distinction, called the acidometer or saccharometer (phse-acide or pesesirop) ; the former, the spirit hydrometer (^pese-esprit). Baume's acidometer is made in the form of the common hydrometers. It consists of a glass tube terminated at the lower end by two bulbs, the lowest bulb being much smaller than the other, and intended to contain the ballast with which the instrument is loaded. The scale is marked on a slip of paper, or of ivory fixed in the tube, and is adjusted in the following manner: The top of the tube being open, the slip of paper on which the scale is to be marked is put into the stem, and the instrument is then immersed in pure distilled water ; quicksilver is now dropped into the lower ball until the instrument sinks so low in the water that only the top of the stem remains above the surface, and a mark is made on the glass denoting exactly the point to which it sinks. The instrument is now taken out of the pure water and put iuto a solution of fifteen parts of common salt in eighty-five parts of distilled water, this solution being at the same temperature as the water in which the instrument was previously immersed; the point'to which it sinks in this solution is to be marked on the stem as before, and the distance between the two marks being taken with a pair of compasses, and transferred to the slip of paper, the first is made the zero or 0, and the other the 15th degree of the scale. This distance being divided into fifteen equal parts or divisions, each division is called a degree, and the scale is completed by adding as many more degrees as the length of the stem will admit of. This being done, the slip of paper is again introduced into its place, and so fixed that the zero (0) of the scale shall be exactly opposite the first mark made on the glass. The end of the stem is now sealed with the flame of a blowpipe. Baume"s spirit hydrometer is similar in form to the acidometer; but the weight of the instrument, and the scale, are different. In this case, the hydrometer is first immersed, as before, in pure distilled water; but it is made to float, so that the greater 
Via. 1. 
Common Hydrometer. 


32 
INTRODUCTION. 
part of the stem shall be above the surface of the water. This point is marked, and the instrument is then transferred to a solution of ten parts of common salt in ninety parts of water, when another mark is made. The distance between these marks is made ten degrees of the scale, which are divided with the compasses, and marked on the slip of paper, as in the other case; the floating point in the solution of salt being made the zero, and the degrees carried upwards from this point. The temperature at which these instruments were originally adjusted by Baumd, was 10° Reaumur, or 12.5° Centigrade; but those made in England are usually adjusted at 60° Fahrenheit. It is sometimes important to be aware of this difference. Carrier's hydrometer is much used in France. It is only applicable for liquids lighter than water. This instrument is a modification of Baume's spirit hydrometer, the form of the instrument being the sanie, and the same point being taken as the zero of the scale; but the space which, in Baume's scale, is divided into 32°, is in Carrier's divided into 30°. 
It is becoming the common practice in this country to have the scales of hydrometers marked with the specific gravities intended to be indicated, and this is by far the most convenient kind of hydrometer for general use. Twaddle's hydrometers are much used in Scotland, and occasionally in England. They are made of glass like the common hydrometers, and are sold in sets of six. Each degree on the scale is equal to 0.005 of specific gravity, so that the specific gravity of a liquid is found, with these hydrometers, by multiplying the number of degrees indicated, by 5, and adding 1000. Thus, 10° by Twaddle's hydrometer, X 5 4- 1000 = 1.050 specific gravity. 
Tig. 2. 
Specific Gravity Bead. 
Fia. 3. 
Gay Lilac's Afuoometre. 
Zanetti's hydrometers, which are made at Manchester, are also sold in sets of six. With these the specific gravity is got by adding a cipher to the number of degrees indicated. Specific gravity beads, (fig. 2) sometimes called Lovi's beads, are hollow sealed globes of glass, about the size of small pistol-bullets. Each bead is a small hydrometer, intended to indicate one fixed density, by its remaining half way between the top and the bottom of the liquid into which it is introduced. These beads are sold in sets, each one being marked with the specific gravity, it is to indicate at a certain fixed temperature. They are very useful in making mixtures of any required densities, as, for instance, in making test acids. Gay Lussac's alcoometre (fig. 3) is frequently employed in France; it is adapted only for estimating the strength of spirits. The instrument is made like a common glass hydrometer, the scale of which is divided into TOO parts or degrees. The lowest division marked 0, at the bottom of the scale, denotes 
the specific gravity of pure water at a temperature of 15° Cent.; and the highest division, at the top of the scale, the specific gravity of absolute alcohol at the same temperature. The intermediate degrees indicate the number f vo i ulue8 0 f absolute alcohol in 100 volumes , , . of the spirit tried. The instrument is accom- 
panied by a table for correcting the numbers marked on the scale, when it is used at any other temperature than that of 15° Cent. Sikes's hydrometer is used exclusively in the collection of the spirit revenue. It consists of a spherical ball or float, and an upper and a lower stem made of brass; 


33 
INTRODUCTION. 
(a b c, fig. 4) the upper stem (b) has ten principal divisions, numbered 1, 2, 3, &c, which are each subdivided into five parts; the lower stem (c) is made conical, and has a pearshaped loaded bulb at its lower extremity. There are nine movable weights, (b, fig. 5) having the form of circular discs, and numbered 10, 20, 30, and so on to 90. Each of the circular weights is cut into its centre, so that it can be placed on the inferior conical stem, and slid down to the bulb; but, in consequence of the enlargement of the cone, they cannot slip off at the bottom, but must be drawn up to the thin part for this purpose. The instrument is adjusted to strong spirit, specific gravity .825, at 60° Fahr., this being reckoned as standard alcohol. In this spirit, the instrument floats at the first division, 0, or zero, without a weight. In weaker spirit, having a greater density, the hydrometer will not sink so low; and, if the density be much greater, it will be necessary to add one of the weights to cause the entire immersion of the bulb of the instrument. Each weight represents as many principal divisions of the stem as its number indicates: thus, the heaviest weight, marked 90, is equivalent to 90 divisions of the stem, and the instrument with this weight added floats at 0 in distilled water. As each principal division on the stem is divided into five, the instrument has a range of 500 degrees between standard alcohol, specific gravity .825, and water. In using this instrument, it is immersed in the spirit, and pressed down by the hand to 0, till the whole divided part of the stem be wet. The force of the hand required to sink it will be a guide in selecting the proper weight. Having taken one of the circular weights, which is necessary for this 
purpose, it is slipped on the conical stem. The instrument is again immersed, and pressed down as before to 0, and is then allowed to rise and settle at any point of the scale. The eye is then brought to the level of the surface of the spirit, and the part of the stem cut by the surface, as seen from below, is marked. The number thus indicated by the stem is added to the number of the weight employed, and with this sum at the side, and the temperature of the spirits at the top, the strength per cent, is found in a table 
Fig. 5. 
Fro. 4. 
Sikes's Hydrometer. 
Sikes's Hydrometer. 
which accompanies the hydrometer. The strength is expressed in numbers denoting the excess or deficiency per cent, of proof spirit in any sample; and the number itself, having its decimal point removed two places to the left, becomes a factor, whereby the gauged contents of a cask or vessel of such spirit being multiplied, and the product being added to the gauged contents if over proof, or deducted from it if under proof, the result will be the actual quantity of proof spirit contained in such cask or vessel. 
Dicas's hydrometer is similar in construction to Sikes's; and it is used in a similar manner, with the same result, indicating the relation of the spirit tried to standard proof spirit. It is the practice in commerce to designate the strength of spirit as so many 3 


34 
INTRODUCTION. 
degrees above or below proof, the government having fixed upon what is called proof spirit as the standard, in comparison with which, the strength of all spirit shall be estimated. The term proof is said to have been derived from the ancient practice of trying the strength of spirit by pouring it over gunpowder in a cup, and then setting fire to the spirit; if, when the spirit had burned away, the gunpowder exploded, the spirit was said to be over proof; if, on the other hand, the gunpowder failed to ignite, in consequence of the water left from the spirit, it was said to be under proof. The weakest spirit capable of firing gunpowder in this way was called proof spirit: but it requires a spirit nearly of the strength of what is now called rectified spirit to stand this test. The standard proof spirit of the Excise is defined by law (56 Geo. III. cap. 140) to be " that which, at a temperature of 51° by Fahrenheit's thermometer, weighs exactly twelve-thirteenth parts of an equal measure of distilled water." This will have a specific gravity of .923 at 51° Fahr., or about .920 at 60° Fahr. The standard alcohol of the Excise is spirit, the specific gravity of which is .825 at 60° Fahr. By " spirit 60 degrees over proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, added to 60 measures of water, will form standard proof spirit, sp. gr., 920. By " spirit 10 degrees under proof," is understood a spirit, 100 measures of which, mixed with 10 measures of standard alcohol, sp. gr. .825, 
will form standard proof spirit. 
Saccharometers, (jig. 6) which are hydrometers intended for determining the density of syrups, are usually made and graduated in the same manner as Baume's 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
Fig. 9. 
no. 10. 
Fia.6. 
Saccharometer 
Elaeometer. 
Urlnometer. 


35 
INTRODUCTION. 
acidometers, and differ only from these in being made smaller; but the scale is sometimes graduated to indicate the proportion of sugar in the solution. The urinometer is a small hydrometer, originally suggested by Dr. Prout, for estimating the density of urine. The scale (fig. 7) is divided into 60 degrees, the zero being the point at which it floats in distilled water. The numbers on the scale, added to 1000, the assumed sp. gr. of water, give the specific gravities at the respective points; thus, supposing the number cut by the surface of the liquid to be 30, this indicates a sp. gr. 1030. The letters H. S., on the back of the scale, (Jig. 8.) signify healthy standard, which ranges from 10° to 20° of the scale. The elaeometer (figs. 9 & 10) is a very delicate glass hydrometer, intended for testing the purity of olive oil or oil of almonds, by determining their densities. The 0 or zero of the scale is the point at which the instrument floats in oil of poppy seeds. The point at which it floats in pure olive oil is made the 50th degree, and the space between these two points is divided into 50 equal parts, and numbered accordingly. It floats at 38 or 38 £° in pure oil of almonds. The following tables have been drawn up for the purpose of showing the relations between the indications afforded by some of the foregoing instruments. 
Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baum6's Hydrometer for Liquids heavier than Water. 
Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baumo. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. 1.000= 0 1.116=15 1.264=30 1.454=45 1.714=60 1.007 1 1.125 16 1.275 31 1.470 46 1.736 61 1.014 2 1.134 17 1.286 32 1.485 47 1.758 62 1.022 3 1.143 18 1.298 33 1.501 48 1.779 63 1.029 4 1.152 19 1.309 34 1.526 49 1.801 64 1.036 5 1.161 20 1.321 35 1.532 50 1.823 65 1.044 6 1.171 21 1.334 36 1.549 51 1.847 66 1.052 7 1.180 22 1.346 37 1.566 52 1.872 67 1.060 8 1.190 23 1.359 38 1.583 53 1.897 68 1.067 9 1.199 24 1.372 39 1.601 54 1.921 69 1.075* 10 1.210 25 1.384 40 1.618 55 1.946 70 1.083 11 1.221 26 1.398 41 1.637 56 1.974 71 1.091 12 1.231 27 1.412 42 1.656 57 2.002 72 1.100 13 1.242 28 1.426 43 1.676 58 2.031 73 L.108 14 1.252 29 1.440 44 1.695 59 2.059 74 2.087 75 
Relation between Specific Gravities, and Degrees of Baum&s Hydrometer for Liquids lighter than Water. 
bp. gr. Baumo. gp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. Sp. gr. Baume. 1000 = 10 0.934=20 0.875=30 0.823=40 0.777 =50 0.993 11 0.927 21 0.869 31 0.819 41 0.773 51 0.986 12 0.921 22 0.864 32 0.814 42 0.769 52 0.979 13 0.915 23 0.859 33 0.809 43 0.765 53 0.972 14 0.909 24 0.853 34 0.805 44 0.760 54 0.966 15 0.903 25 0.848 35 0.800 45 0.756 55 0.959 16 0.897 26 0.843 36 0.796 46 0.752 56 0.953 17 0.892 27 0.838 37 0.791 47 0.748 57 0.946 18 0.886 28 0.833 38 0.787 48 0.744 58 0.940 19 0.880 29 0.828 39 0.782 49 0.739 59 0.735 60 


36 
INTRODUCTION. 
TEMPERATURES TO BE OBSERVED IN CERTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL OPERATIONS. 
In the fermentation of saccharine solutions, the highest temperature should not exceed S6° (Thomson). The lowest temperature at which they will ferment is 38° (Thomson). The process of acetous fermentation is best conducted at a temperature of about 86°. 
The temperature requisite to coagulate albumen varies with the state of dilution. If the quantity of albumen be so great that the liquid has a slimy aspect, a heat of 145° or 150° suffices, but in a very dilute condition boiling is required (Fownes). 
In the London and U. S. Pharmacopoeias: 
When a boiling heat is directed, a temperature is meant of 212° Fahr. When a gentle heat is directed, a temperature is meant of from 90° to 100°. The specific gravities of substances ordered in the London Pharmacopoeia are to be taken at a temperature of 62°. A water bath is that by which any substance contained in a proper vessel is exposed either to hot water, or the vapor of boiling water. A sand bath is made of sand, to be gradually heated, in which anything is placed contained in a proper vessel. Syrups are to be kept in a place where the temperature never exceeds 55°. Vegetables, shortly after they have been gathered, those excepted which ought to be fresh, are to be lightly strewed, and dried as quickly as possible with a gentle heat (90° to 100°). They are to be kept afterwards in proper vessels, excluded from the access of light and moisture. 
In the Dublin Pharmacopoeia: 
By the term superior heat is meant some degree between 200° and 212°. When a medium heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 100° and 200°. When an inferior heat is directed, a temperature is meant between 90° and 100°. In the process of digestion, an inferior heat is to be applied, unless it should be otherwise directed. In the process of maceration, a heat should be applied-between 60° and 90°. 
In the Dublin, Edinburgh, and IT. S. Pharmacopoeias 
Whenever mention occurs of the specific gravity of any body, its temperature is supposed to be at 60°. 
HYDROMETRICAL 
EQUIVALENTS 
Baumo. 
Cartier. 
100 parts contain of Alcohol I sp. gr. Water. 796. | By weight. 
100P parts contain of standard Ale. sp. gr. 825 
Per cent, of Alcohol, 
Sikes. 
Sp. gr. at 60° Fan. 
sp. gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac. 

46.5 46 45 
43.48 43.06 42.14 42 
796 
100 
0 
100 
.5 
99.75 
797 
99.5 
99.50 
798 
99 
1 
99.25 
. 799 
98.67 
1.33 
800 
98.33 
1.67 
99 
801 
98 
2 
98.75 
802 
97.67 
2.33 
98.50 
803 
97.33 
2.67 
98.28 
804 
97 
3 
98.15 
805 
3.33 
98 
96.67 


37 
INTRODUCTION 
100 parts contain of Alcohol I sp. gr. Water. 796. [ 
1000 parts contain of standard Ale. sp. gr. 825 
Per cent, of Alcohol, 
Sp. gr. at 60° Fan. 
Sikes. 
BaumG. 
Cartier. 
sp. gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac 
weight. 
806 
96.33 
3.67 3.83 
97.80 
806.5 807 
96.17 
44 
41.22 
97.70 
96 
4 
97.60 
808 
95.5 95 
4.5 
41 
97.40 
809 
5 
97.29 
809.5 810 
94.89 
5.10 
97.10 
94.67 
5.33 
97 
94.33 
43 
811 
5.67 
40.34 
96.75 
812 
94 
6 
96.50 
813 
93.67 
6.33 
40 
96.25 
814 
93.33 
6.67 
96 
815 
93 
7 
95.75 
816 
92.5 
7.5 
42 
39.40 
95.50 
817 
92 
8 
95.25 
818 
91.67 
8.33 
95 
818.6 819 
91.5 
39 
8.5 
94.90 
9L33 91 
8.67 
94.75 
820 
9 
94.50 
821 
91.5 90 
9.5 
41 
38.46 
94.25 
822 
10 
94 
823 
89.67 
10.33 
38 
93.75 
824 
89.33 
10.67 
93.50 
825 
89 
11 
63 O.P. 62 
40 
37.55 
93.25 
1000 993 
88.5 88 
11.5 12 
826 
93 
827 
988.5 
61.5 
37 
92.6 
828 
87.67 
12.33 
984 
61 
39.5 39 
92.3 
829 
87.33 
12.67 
979.5 
60.5 
36.63 
91 
830 
87 
13 
975 
60 
91.7 
831 
86.5 86 
13.5 14 
970.5 
59.5 
38.5 
36.17 36 
91.35 91 
832 
966 
59 
833 
85.67 
14.33 
58.3 
90.05 90.3 
961.5 
85.33 
14.67 
38 
834 
957 
58 
35.72 
835 
85 
15 
953 
57-5 
90 
836 
84.67 
15.33 
949 
57 
37.5 
35.26 
89.7 
837 
84.33 
15.67 
944.5 
56.5 
89.35 
837.6 838 
84.25 
15.75 
942.5 
5G.3 
35 
89.20 
84 
16 
940 
56 
89 
839 
83.5 83 
16.5 
936 
55.5 
37 
34.80 
88.75 88.5 
840 
17 
932 
55 
82.67 
17.33 
841 
928 
54.5 
36.5 
88.25 88 
842 
82.33 
17.67 
924 
54 
34.94 34 
843 
82 
18 
920 
53.5 
87.65 87.3 
844 
81.67 
18.33 
916 
53 
36 
33.88 
845 
81.33 
18.67 
912 
52.5 
87 
846 
81 
19 
908 
52 
86.7 
847 
80.5 80 
19.5 20 
903 
51 
36.5 
33.42 
86.35 86 
848 
898 
50 
849 
79.67 
20.33 
893 
49.5 49 
85.65 85.3 
850 
79.33 
20.67 
888 
35 
33 
851 
79 
21 
883 
48.5 48 
85 
852 
78.5 
21.5 22 
878 
34.5 
84.7 84.35 
853 
78 
873 
47.5 


38 
INTRODUCTION. 
100 parts Alcohol sp.gr. 796. 
contain of 
1000 parts contain of standard Ale. sp. gr. 825. 
Per cent, of Alcohol, 
Sp. gr. at 60° *'ah. 
sp. gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussac 
Water. 
Bikes. 
Baume. 
C artier. 
weight. 
868 ' 
854 
77.5 
22.5 
47 O.P. 46.5 
84 
855 
77 
23 
862.5 
34 
32.04 
83.65 83.3 
856 
76.5 
23.5 
857 
46 
857 
76 
24 
853 
45.5 45 
33.5 
31.58 
83 
82.7 
858 
75.67 
24.33 
45 
82.35 82 
859 
75.33 
24.67 
844.5 
45 
33 
31.13 31 
860 
75 
25 
840 
861 
74.67 
25.33 
836.5 
44.5 44 
81.7 
862 
74.33 
25.67 
833 
81.3 
862.5 863 
74.16 
25.84 
830.5 
43.75 43.5 
32.5 
30.76 
80 
74 
26 
828 
80.8 
864 
73.5 
26.5 
823 
43 
80.3 
865 
73 
27 
818 
42.5 42 
32 
30.21 
79.95 
866 
72.5 
813 
79.6 
27.5 
810 
41 
79.3 
867 
72 
28 
29.78 
867.5 868 
71.83 
28.17 
808.5 
40.5 40 
31.5 
79.15 
71.67 
28.33 
807 
79 
869 
71.33 
28.67 
802.5 
39.5 39 
78.65 
870 
71 
29 
798 
31 
29.29 
78.3 
871 
70.5 
29.5 
792.5 
38.5 
78 
872 
70 
30 
787 
29 
77.7 
873 
69.5 69 
30.5 
781.5 
37 
30.5 
28.83 
77.85 77 
874 
776 
36 
31 
875 
68.67 
31.33 
772 
35 
76.5 
876 
68.33 
31.67 
768 
,34 
30 
28.38 
76 
877 
68 
32 
762.5 
33 
75.65 75.5 
877.5 
67.75 
32.25 32.5 
759.25 
32.5 32 
28 
878 
67 5 
757 
75.3 
878.5 
67.25 
32.75 33 
753.75 
31.5 31 
29.5 
27.91 
75 
879 
67 
751.5 
74.8 
880 
746 
30 
66.5 
33.5 
74.3 
881 
66 
34 
742 
29.5 J9 
29 
27.44 
74 
882 
65.5 
34.5 
738 
73.7 
883 
65 
35 
733.5 
28.5 
27 
73.35 
883.5 884 
64.83 
35.17 
731.25 
28.25 28 
28.5 
26.99 
73.17 
64.67 
35.33 
729 
73 
885 
64.33 
35.67 
724 
27.5 
72.5 
26.53* 
886 
64 
719 
27 
36 
28 
72 
887 
714 
62.G7 
36.33 
26 
71.5 
888 
63.33 
36.67 
709 
25 
71 
889 
63 
37 
704 
24.5 24 
27.5 
26.07 
70.65 
890 
62.5 
37.5 
699 
70.3 
891 
62 
38 
694 
23 
69.8 
892 
61.5 
38.5 
689 
22 
27 
25.61 
69.3 
893 
61 
39 
644.5 
21 
69 
894 
60.67 
39.33 
680 
20 
68.7 
895 
60.33 
675.5 
19.5 
39.67 
68.35 
895.5 896 
60.16 
39.84 
673.25 671 
19.25 19 
26.5 
25.15 25 
68.17 
60 
40 
68 
897 
59.5 
40.5 41 
666.5 
18 
67.6o 67.3 
898 
59 
662 
17 
26 
24.69 
899 
58.5 
41.5 
655.5 
16 
67 
900 
58 
42 
649 
15 
66.Y 


39 
INTRODUCTION. 
100 parts contain of Alcohol I sp. gr. Water. 796. I 
1000 parts contain of standard Ala sp. gr. 825 
Per cent, of Alcohol, 
«p. gr. at rt)°Fah. 
Sik.es. 
BaumS. 
Cartier. 
sp. gr. 796 by volume. Gay Lussae. 
weight. 
57.75 ~ 42.25 57.5 42.5 
14.75 O.P 14.5 14.25 14 13 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 9 8 7.5 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 .5 Proof 1 U.P. 2 3 4 5 6 6.5 7 8 8.5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 19.5 20 21 22 23 23.5 24 25 26 27 
647 645 643 641 636 631 626 621 616.5 612 607 602 595.5 591 586 581 576 571 560.5 562 554 550 545 540 535.5 531 526 521 515.5 510 505 502.5 500 495.5 489 484 479 472.5 468 462 456 450 444 441 438 432 426.5 421 416 411 399 397 389.5 
25.5 
24.23 
66.52 
900.5 
66.35 
901 
42.75 43 43.5 44 44.5 45 45.5 46 46.5 47 47.5 48 48.33 48.67 49 49.5 50 50.33 50.67 51 51.5 52 52.5 53 53.5 54 54.5 55 55.5 55.75 56 56.33 56.67 57 57.5 58 58.5 59 59.5 60 60.5 60.75 61 61.5 62 62.5 63 63.5 64 64.5 65 
24 
66.17 
901.5 
57.25 57 56.5 56 55.5 55 54.5 54 53.5 53 52.5 52 51.67 51.33 51 50.5 50 49.67 49.33 49 48.5 48 47.5 47 46.5 46 45.5 45 44.5 44.25 44 43.67 43.33 43 42.5 42 41.5 41 40.5 40 39.5 39.25 39 38.5 38 37.5 37 36.5 36 35.5 35 
66 
902 
65.5 
903 
25 
23.77 
904 
65 
905 
64.5 
906 
24.5 
23.31 
64 
63.65 
907 
23 
63.3 
908 
24 
22.85 
62.65 
909 
62.3 
910 
61.9 
911 
912 
23.5 
22.39 
61.5 
913 
61 
914 
60.5 60 
915 
23 
21.94 
916 
59.6 
59.3 
917 
22.5 
21.48 
59 
918 
919 
58.5 
920 
58 
921 
22 
21.02 
57.5 
922 
57 
923 
21.5 
20.56 
56.5 
924 
56 
55.5 
925 
21 
55 
926 
20.10 
927 
54.5 
928 
54 
929 
53.5 
929.5 930 
20.5 
19.64 
53.25 53 
931 
52.5 
932 
52 
51.5 
933 
20 
19.18 19 
934 
51 
935 
50.5 
936 
19.5 
18.72 
50 
937 
49.5 
938 
49 
939 
19 
18.26 
48.5 48 
940 
940.5 941 
18 
47.63 
47.25 
1)42 
18.5 
17.80 
46.5 
943 
45 
45.5 
945 
18 
17.35 
44.75 44 
946 
947 
43.5 43 
17 
948 
17.5 
I 
949 
42.25 


40 
INTRODUCTION 
100 parts contain of Alcohol I sp. gr. Water. 796. [ By weight. 
1000 parts contain of standard Ale. sp. gr. 825 
Per cent, of Alcohol, 
Sp. gr. at 60° Fan. 
Sikes. 
Baumo. 
Cartier. 
sp. gr 796 by Tolume. Gay Lussao 
34.5 34 
65.5 
382 
28 U.P. 29.5 
41.5' 40 
950 
66 
376 
17 
16.43 
951 
33.5 
66.5 
370 
31 
952 
40.5 
364 
32.5 34 
953 
33 
67 
39.75 39 
954 
32.5 
67.5 
358 
955 
32 
68 
352 
35 
16.5 
16.3 
38.5 
956 
31.5 
68.5 
346 
36 
16 
38 
957 
31 
69 
339.5 333 
37.5 39 
37.25 
958 
30 
70 
36.5 
29.5 
70.5 
324 
40.5 42 
16 
15.51 
959 
35.75 
29 
71 
315 
960 
28.5 
71.5 
307.5 
43.5 45 
961 
34.5 34 
962 
28 
72 
300 
15.5 
15 
963 
27 
73 
292.5 
46.5 48 
33 
964 
26 
73.5 
285 
82 
965 
26 
74 
277.5 270 
49.5 51 
15 
14.59 
31 
966 
25.5 
74.5 
30 
25 
75 
261.5 253 
52.5 
967 
29 
24 
76 
54 
968 
28 
23.75 23.5 
76.25 76.5 
968.5 969 
14.5 
14.13 
27.5 
244.5 236 
55.5 
27 
970 
23 
77 
57 
20 
971 
22.5 
77.5 78 
227 
58.5 
25 
972 
22 
218 
60 
14 
13.67 
24 
973 
21 
79 
209 
62 
23 
20 
80 
200 
64 
974 
22 
81 
195 
66 
13.5 
975 
19 
13.21 
21 
81.5 
976 
18.5 
190.5 
68 
20 
977 
18 
82 
183.5 
70 
19 
978 
17 
88 
175 
72 
13 
12.76 
IS 
979 
16 
84 
163 
73.5 
17 
980 
15.5 
84.5 
150 
75 
16 
981 
15 
85 
143 
76 
15 
86 
135 
77 
12.5 
14 
982 
12.30 
13.5 
86.5 
78.5 
983 
128 
13 
984 
13 
87 
120 
80 
12 
985 
12.5 
87.5 
112 
81 
11.25 10.5 
986 
12 
88 
105 
82 
12 
11.84 
987 
11 
89 
98 
83.5 
9.75 
988 
10 
90 
90 
85 
9 8 7 
989 
9 
91 
82 
87 
11.5 
11.38 
990 
8 
92 
75 
89 
991 
93 
67.5 
90.5 
7 
6.5 
992 
6 
94 
60 
92 
6 5 
993 
5.5 
94.5 
52.5 
93.5 
11 
10.92 
994 
5 4 
45 
95 
4 
995 
96 
37.5 
95.5 
3.5 
996 
3.5 
96.5 97 
30 
96 
10.5 
10.46 
3 2 
997 
3 2 
22.5 
97 
98 
15 
98 
998 
1 
99 
7.5 
99 
999 
1 
.5 
100 
3000 
0 
100 
0 
10 
0 


41 
INTRODUCTION. 
SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF SOME OF THE PREPARATIONS ORDERED IN THE PHARMACOPEIAS. 
The London Pharmacopoeia directs the Specific Gravity to be taken at a temperature of 62° Fahr. The Edinburgh, Dublin, and U. S. Pharmacopoeias at 60° Fuhr. 
Sp. Or. Acetum Destillatum Edin 1.005 
London 1.0065 
Acidum Aceticum London 1.048 
( 1.063 Edin I to (1.065 
U. S 1.041 
Glaciale Dublin .1.065 Forte Dublin f 1.066 
Forte. 
Dilutum Dublin 1.006 
Hydrochloricum London, U. S. 1.160 
Edin 1.170 
Dublin 1.176 
Dilutum Edin. 1.050 
London 1.043 
U. S 1.046 
Dublin 1.045 
Hydrocyanicum Dublin 0.997 
Nitricum London, U. S. 1.420 
Purum Edin., Dublin, 1.500 
Dilutum London 1.082 
U. S 1.070 
Edin 1.077 
Dublin 1.092 
Phosphoricum Dilutum London 1.064 
Sulphuricum London, U. S. 1.845 
Edin 1.840 
Dublin 1.846 
Sulphuricum Dilutum London 1.103 
Edin., TJ. S. 1.090 
Dublin 1.084 
JEther London, U. S. 0.750 
either Sulphuricus Ediu. 0.735 
Dublin 0.750 
Alcohol London 0.838 
U. S 0.835 
Edin 0.796 
Dublin 0.795 
Dilutum U. S 0.935 
Aqua Destillata U. S. L. E. D. 1.000 
Ammoniae Edin 0.960 
Dublin 0.950 
- Acetatis Edin 1.011 
Calcis Muriatis (Calcii Chloridi) Dublin 1.225 
Aqua Potassse Edin 1.072 
Dublin 1.068 
Carbonatis Dublin 1.301 
Sodae Carbonatis Dublin 1.026 


42 
INTRODUCTION. 
Bp. Or. Liquor Ammoniae London, U. S. 0.960 Fortior London, U. S 0.882 
London, U. S. 0.960 
Barii Chloridi Dublin 1.088 
Plumbi Diacetatis London 1.260 
U. S 1.267 
Potassae , London 1.063 
U.S 1.056 
Carbonatis London 1.473 
Oleum iEthereum London 1.050 
U. S 1.096 
Spiritus .ffitheris Nitrici London, U. S. 0.834 
Edin 0.847 
Sulphurici Edin 0.809 
Ammoniae Edin 0.845 
U. S 0.831 
Aromaticus U. S. London 0.918 
Foetidus London 0.861 
Rectificatus London 0.838 
Edin 0.838 
Dublin 0.840 
Tenuior London 0.920 
Edin 0.912 
Dublin 0.920 
Tinctura Ferri Sesquichloridi London 0.992 
Dublin 1.237 
RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT THERMOMETRICAL SCALES. 
The thermometer always used in this country and England is that of Fahrenheit; it is also used in parts of Germany. 
In this instrument, the range between the freezing and boiling points of water is divided into 180°, and as the greatest possible degree of cold was supposed to be that produced by mixing snow and salt together, it was made the zero. Hence, the freezing point became 32°, and the boiling point 212°. 
The Centigrade thermometer places the zero at the freezing point of water, and divides the range between the freezing and boiling points into 100°. This scale has long been used in Sweden, under the title of Celsius's thermometer, and is generally adopted on the Continent. 
Reaumur's thermometer, which was formerly used in France, divides the space between the freezing and boiling points of water into 80°, and places the zero at the freezing point. It is now little employed, except in the north of Germany. 
De Lisle's thermometer is used in Russia. The graduation begins at the boiling point, and increases towards the freezing point. The boiling poiut is marked 0° f and the freezing point 150°. 
To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Fahrenheit. 
Rule. —Multiply by 9, divide the product by 5, and add 32. 
Cent. Fahr. Thus, 40 x 9 -s- 5 + 32 = 104. 
To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Centigrade. Rule. —Substract 32, multiply by 5, and divide by 9. 
Fahr. Cent. Thus, 104 — 32x 5 + 9 = 40. 


43 
INTRODUCTION. 
To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Fahrenheit. Rule. —Multiply by 9, divide by 4, and add 32. 
Reaumur. Fahr. Thus, 32 x 9 -r- 4 + 32 = 104. 
To reduce Fahrenheit's degrees to those of Reaumur. 
Rule. —Substract 32, multiply by 4, and divide by v 9. Fahr. Reaum. Thus, 104 — 32 X 4 -s- 9 = 32. 
To reduce Reaumur's degrees to those of Centigrade. 
Rule. —Multiply by 5, and divide by 4. Reaum. Cent. 
Thus, 32 X 5 -4- 4 = 40. 
To reduce Centigrade degrees to those of Reaumur. 
Rule. —Multiply by 4, and divide by 5. 
Cent. Reaum. Thus, 40 X 4-4-5 = 32. 
EXPLANATION OF THE PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS OCCURRING IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULA. 
R. Recipe—Take. F. S. A. Fiat secundem artem —Let it be made or prepared according to the rules of the art. 
M. Misce —Mix. 
M. S. D. Misce, signa, da —Mix the medicine, and deliver it afterwards, with the requisite instruction, to the patient (or nurse) in writing. M. F. P. Misce fiat pulvis—Mix to form a powder. M. F. Mist. Misce fiat mistura—Mix to form a liquid mixture. M. F. Pil. Misce fiant pilulae —Mix to form pills. Div. Divide—Divide. 
Sol. Solve—Dissolve. 
Fasc. j. Fasciculus* —An armful. Man. j. Manipulus—A handful, a gripe. Pugil. j. Pugillus or Pugillum—A pinch, Cyat. j. Cyathus—A glassful. Cochl. j. Cochlear or cochleare—A spoonful. Gutt. Gutta—A drop. No. 1, 2, 3, &c. The number of pieces or parts. Ana, or aa. Of each. P. Ae. Partes aequales—Equal parts. Q. S. Quantum sufficit—As much as will suffice. Q. L. Quantum libet—As much as you like. Q. V. Quantum volueris —As much as you like. lb. Libra—A pound. 3. Uncia—An ounce. 
3- Drachma—A drachm or dram. 9. Scrupulus—A scruple. 
* The terms fasciculus, manipulus, and pugillus are understood differently by authors, as seen in the following table. Linnams. Geiger. Paris. *Er Ugl - , 3 i 3" Sj £j ad gij. Manipulus !Jiv ziv |; a j Fasciculus Sjvj gj ' 
Paris. 
Fasciculus £vj 


44 
INTRODUCTION. 
Gr. Granum —A grain Pil. Pilula —A pill. Pot. Potio —A potion. Pulv. Pulvis —A powder. Tinct. Tinctura —A tincture. Ext. Extractum —An extract. Chart. Chartula —A small paper. Collyr. Collyrium—An eye water. Collutor. Collutorium —A mouth-wash. Cong. Congius—A gallon. 0. Octarius —A pint. f3. Fluiduncia—A riuidounce. tg. Fluidrachma —A fluidrachm. V[. Minimum —A minim. Decoct. Decoctio—A decoction. Garg. Gargarisma —A gargle. Haust. Haustus —A draught. Infus. Infusum —An infusion. Mass. Massa—A mass. Mist. Mistura—A mixture. Ss. Semis —A half. 
The use of the Latin language for prescriptions and for the accompanying directions is universal in Europe, except in France, where, although the prescription itself may be in Latin, the directions are usually given in French; this is also the case in the United States, where few, if any, physicians give the directions for the use aud mode of administration of a formula in any other language than English. As, however, it often becomes of importance to refer to the prescriptions of foreign practitioners, the following table, from Mowbray's Conspectus, is introduced : — 
A VOCABULARY 
Of the Words most frequently occurring in the Prescriptions of Physicians.' 
A. 
A, aa, or ana, of each ingredient; more promptly expressed by the genitive case plural (singulorum) of each ; for instance : R. —Aquae cinnamomi, tinct. rhei, aa means Take of cinnamon-water, and tincture of rhubarb, of each two fluidrachms. Abdomen, the belly. Gen. —inis, of the belly. Dat.—ini, to the belly. Absente febre, while the fever is off. Accurate (adverb), accurately. Accurate pensi, weighed with tbe utmost exactness. Accurate misceantur, mix very completely. Aciditas, sharpness. Ad gratam aciditatem, make it just acid enough to be palatable, and not to sour. Acme, the height of a fever or any other disease. Ad, to. Ad duas vices, at twice taking. Ad libitum, freely, as you like. Adde, add. Addantur, let there be added. Addendus, to be added. Addendo, adding. Admoveatur, let there be applied —antur, plural, when more than one is to be applied. Adstante febre, while the fever is on. j?Eger, a sick person, a patient. iEgra, a female patient. Aggrediente febre, when the fever is coming on. Aggressus, an attack. Aggressus febris, the attack of a fever. Agitato vase, shaking the phial. Albus, white. Aliquot, some. Aliquoties, sometimes. 


45 
INTRODUCTION. 
Alter, altera, alterum, the other. Alternus, alternate. Alternis horis, every second hour. Alternis diebus, every alternate day. Aluta, leather. Extende super alutam raolrem, spread on soft leather. Alvus, the belly, the bowels. Adstricta alvo, when costive. Amplus, large. Cochleare amplum, a tablespoonful. Ante, before. Ut ante, as before. Antemeridianus, in the forenoon ; any time before twelve o'clock at noon. Apparatus, any sort of preparation, instruments, or, in short, everything that is requisite to be had in readiness for performing any sort of operation. Also, the more delicate term for a bladder and pipe for clysters. Aperiens, opening, gentle purging. Applicetur, let there be applied. Aqua, water. Aquae, of water. Aqua bulliens, boiling water. Aqua fervens, hot water. Armatus, armed. Fistula armata, an apparatus for clysters; a pipe and bladder. Auris, the ear. Auri, to the ear. Aures, ears. Auribus, to the ears. Aut, or. 
B. 
Bene, well. Bibat, let him drink. Biduum, two days. Omni bidu6 vel tridu6, every two or three days. Bihorium, the space of two hours. Omni bihorio, every two hours. Bis, twice; bis, terve, twice or thrice. Bullio, to boil; bulliens, boiling. Aquas bullientis, of boiling water. Bulliant, let them boil. 
C. 
Calefactus, made warm. Capiat, let (the patient) take. Capt. cochl. iij. magn., three tablespoonfuls to be taken. Catharticus, purging. Caute, cautiously. Cerevisia, beer. - Cerevisia Londinensis, porter. Cerevisiae Fermentum, yeast. Charta, paper. Charta caerulea, blue paper. Chartula, a little piece of paper. Cola trans chartam, filter through paper. Cibus, food. Circa, about. Circiter, about. Cito, soon, quickly. Citissime (the superlative degree), as quick as possible Clausus, clausa, clausum, covered. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. Cochleare, a spoonful. Cochlearia, spoonfuls. Coch. magnum, amplum, a tablespoonful. Co. infantulorum, coch. modicum, child's spoonful, a desertspoonful. Co. parvum, a teaspoonful. Coctio, a boiling. Sub finem coctionis, towards the end of the boiling, when almost boiled. Cseruleus, blue. Charta caerul., blue paper. Unguentum caeruleum, mercurial ointment. Cola (imperat. of Colo), strain, to filter. Colatus, strained, filtered. Colato liquori, to the strained liquor. Colatura, a straining. Colaturse, to the strained liquor. Colatus, let be strained. Colentur, let them be strained. Collum, a neck. Corap., Compositus, compound. Continuo, to continue. Continuantur remedia, go on with the same medicines as last prescribed. Contundo, to bruise. Contusus, bruised. Contusio, a bruise, a contusion. Coquo, to boil. Coque, boil. Coque parum, boil a little while. Coquantur, let them be boiled. 


46 
INTRODUCTION. 
Cor, the heart. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. Coxa, coxendix, the hip. Cras, to-morrow; c. m., eras mane, early to-morrow morning; c. m. s., eras mane sumendus, to be taken early to-morrow morning. Crastinus (adj.), of to-morrow. In usum crastinum, for to-morrow's use. Cribrum, a sieve. Trans cribrum, through a sieve. Cujus, of which. Cujus capiat, or sumat, of which (the patient is to) take. Cum, with. Cyathus, a cup. Cyathus vinarius, a wineglass. Cyath. theat, a teacupful. 
D. 
Da, give. Detur, dentur (plural), let be given. De, of. De quo, or qua, of which. De die, in a day. Deauratus, gilt. Deaurentur pilulse, let the pills be gilt. Debilitas, weakness. Decern, ten. Decimus, the tenth. Debitus, due. Ad debitam spissitudinem, to a proper degree of thickness, as to consistence. Decubitus, lying down. Hora decubitus, at bedtime. Deglutio, to swallow. Deglutiatur, is swallowed —etur, let be swallowed. Dein, deinde, then; afterwards. Dejectio, a depositing, or putting down; also a going to stool; as, post duas dejectiones alvi, after two motions. Dejitio, to deposit. Donee alvus bis dejiciat, until the patient shall have had two stools. Dexter, the right. Manus dextra, the right hand. Auri dextro, to the right ear. Dictus, spoken of, said. Dies, a day. Die, in a day; as, bis die, twice a day. Diebus, in days; as, tertiis diebus, every third day. Alternis diebus, every alternate day. Dilutum, diluted. Dimidium, the half. Dimidius, a, um (adjective), half. D. P., Directione propria, with its proper direction. Diu, a long time. Tere diu, rub for a long time. Diuturnus, long continued. Diuturna, trituratione, by long-continued rubbing, 'or grinding in the mortar. Diuturna coctione, by long boiling. Dolor, pain. Dolores, pains. Doloris, of the pain. Dolens, pained. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. Donee, until. Dum, whilst. Durante dolore, while the pain continues. 
E. 
Eadem, eandem, the same. Eodem, in the same. Effunde, pour out. Effervescentia, the effervescence. Effervescet, effervesces. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. Enema, a clyster. Enemata, clysters. Erit, shall be. Evanesco, evanui, to disappear. Evanuerit, shall have disappeared. Exhibe, exhibeatur, give. Exhibendus, to be given. Extendo, to extend, also, to spread. Extende super alutam, spread it on leather. Extensus, a, um, spread. 
F. 
Fac, make. Fac in pilulas xij, make into twelve pills. Farina, flour. Farina seminis lini, linseed meal. Febris, a fever. Febre durante, while the fever is on. Femur, a thigh. 


47 
INTRODUCTION. 
Femoribus, to the thighs. Femoribus internis, to the inner sides of the thighs. Fervens, boiling. Fervidus, fervida, hot. Ferventis, of boiling. R aq. ferventis, take of boiling water. Finis, the conclusion. Sub finem coctionis, when almost boiled enough. Fiat, make (the singular number). Fiant, make (plural). Fontana, fountain. Aqua fontana, spring water. Formula, prescription. Fotus, a fomentation. Fuerit, shall have been; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a motion is (or shall have been) procured. 
Gr. 
Gargarisma, a gargle. Gelatina, jelly. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Gelatina quovis, any sort of jelly. Globulus, a little ball. Globuli Gascoigni, Gascoign's ball. Donee globuli evanuerint, until the globules (of quicksilver) totally disappear (so that they cannot be seen even with a microscope.) Gradatim, by slow degrees. Gratus grata, gratum, agreeable, pleasant. Ad gratam aciditatem, so as to make it pleasantly acid without being too sour. In quovis grato vehiculo, in any agreeable vehicle. Gutta, a drop. Guttae, drops. Guttas, drops. Guttatim, drop by drop. 
H. 
Hac, this. Hac nocte, this night. Hanc, this. Sumat hanc, let him take this. Hactenus, hitherto, heretofore, up to the present day. Harum, of these. Harum pilularum sumat tres, of these pills let him or her take three. Haustus, a draught. Hebdomada, a week. y Ileri, yesterday. Ut heri, as yesterday. Hesternus, of yesterday. Hesterna nocte, last night. ' Hirudo, a leech. Hirudines, leeches. His, in these, these. His adde, add to these. Hora, an hour. Horse, of an hour. Horae (plural) hours. H.S. (hora somni), at the hour of rest. H.S.S. (hora somni sumendus), to be taken at bedtime. Hora decubitus, at the hour of going to rest, bedtime. Hora vespertina, in the evening. Horae unius spatio, in the space of one hour. Horse £, horae quadrante, quarter of an hour. Horis intermediis, at intermediate hours, when two medicines are to be taken. Horis intermediis means that one is to be given exactly at midtime from the other: suppose a draught is ordered (to be taken every six hours), and a powder horis intermediis, that is every six hours intermediately, then a draught will be taken at six o'clock and at twelve, and a powder at three and at nine. Hujusmodi, of this sort, like these. H. p. n., Haustus purgans noster, a formula of purging draught made according to a practitioner's own private Pharmacopoeia, and is prepared so as to keep a long time without spoiling, and thus avoid the trouble of preparing it every time a draught is wanted. Mitt. H. p. n. £ij ad ij Vices c. m. s. Mitte Haustus purgantis nostri uncias duas, ad duas Vices eras mane sumendus; send two ounces of our purging draught, to be taken to-morrow morning, at twice, that is, half at first, and the remaining half in an hour if the first do not operate. 


48 
INTRODUCTION. 
I. 
Idoneus, proper, appropriate. Idem, eadem, the same. Ejusdem, of the same, the genitive case of idem. Imponatur (sing.), let there be put on —nantur (plural). Imprimis, first. In, in. In die, in a day. Indies (an adverb), every day, daily. Indicaverit, shows, indicates. Infusio, infusum, an infusion. Infunde, infundatur, infuse. Inter, between. Injectio, injection. Inquietudo, restlessness. Urgente inquietudine, if restless. Injiciatur, throw in, throw up. Injiciatur enema, let a clyster be administered. Injiciendus, injiciendum, to be administered. , Instar (an adverb), as big as. Sumat molem instar mucis moschatae, the bigness of a nutmeg to be taken. Intermedius, intermediate. Internus, the inner side. 
J. 
Jam, already. Jampridem, jamdudum, some time ago, heretofore. Jugulum, the throat. Jusculum, broth. Jusculum ovillum, mutton broth. Jus bovinum, beef tea. Juxta, near to. 
L. 
Lac, milk. Lactis, of milk. Lacte, in milk. Laevigatas, levigated. Lana, flannel. Lana nova, new flannel. Languor, faintness, lowness. In languoribus, in the fainting fits, when low and faint Latus, the side. Lateris, of the fcide. Lateri, to the side. Latus dolens, the pained side. Lateri dolenti, to the pained side. Latus, lata, latum (adjective), broad. t Lectus, a bed. In lecto, in bed. Liber, a book. Libra, a pound. Libris, libras, pounds. Linteum, lint; also linen. Liquesco, to liquefy, to melt. Donee liquescat, till it melts. Liquidus, liquid. Sedes liquidaa, loose stools. In quovis liquido, in any liquid. Londinensis, of London. Pharmacopoeia Londinensis, the London Pharmacopoeia. Lumborum, of the loins. Libet (a verb impersonal), it pleases. ' Ad libitum, just as you please. 
M. 
Magnus, magna, magnum, large. Magnum cochleare, a tablespoonful. Major, greater, larger. Cochlearia duo majori, two tablespoonfuls. Maximus, the greatest. Maxima curd,, with the greatest care. Maxime, chiefly. Malleolus, the ankle. Malleolus internus, the inner ankle. Man6, in the morning. Mane primo; valde mane, very early in the morning. Manus, a hand. Manu calefacta, with a warm hand. Massa, a mass. Massa pilularis, a mass fit for forming into pills. Matutinus, in the morning or forenoon. Mediocris, middle-sized. Pilulae mediocres, middle-sized pills. Cochleare mediocre, a dessertspoonful, a pap-spoonful, or a child's spoonful. Mediocris also means indifferent, as to quality. Medius, middle. Media nocte, in the middle of the night. 


49 
INTRODUCTION. 
Melior, melius, better. Minatur, minaretur, threatens. Minante, threatening. Minimus, very small. Cochleare minimum, a teaspoonful. Minutum,* a minute. Misce, mix. Bene misceatur, let it be well mixed. Mite, send. Mittatur (singular), let it be sent. Mittantur (plural), let them be sent. Mittatur sanguis, take blood away; i. e., bleed the patient. Mistura, mixtura, a mixture. Mitigatio, mitigation, alleviation. Donee dolor is mitigatio sit, until the pain is easier. Mitigatus, a, um, mitigated, lessened. Modicus, middle-sized. Modus, a manner. Modo praescripto, in the manner directed. Moles, a mass, a lump, a piece. Sumat molem instar nucis moschatse, let him (or her) take the bigness or size of a nutmeg.« Mollis, molle, soft. Melestus, troublesome. Molestor, to trouble, to be troublesome. Molestante dolore, when the pain is troublesome. Molestante tussi, when the cough is troublesome. Mora, delay. Sine mora, without delay. Mos, moris, manner. More solito, in the usual manner; also, in the same manner as I am in the habit of prescribing it to other people. Mortarium, a mortar. Mortario aheneo, in the brass mortar. Mortario marmoreo, in the marble mortar. Mort. vitreo, in the glass mortar 
N. 
Narthecium, a gallipqt. Nates, the buttocks. Ne, lest, also, do not; as, ne tradas sine nummo, do not deliver the medicine without the money. Necnon, also. Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. Ni, nisi, unless. Nihil, nothing. Nisus, an endeavor, an attempt, a straining, a motion, a straining to vomit, or go to stool. Nimis, nimium, too much. Nodulus, a little knot. Nodulo ligati, tied up in a piece of clean rag. Nomen, nominis, a name. Signetur nomine proprio, write its common name upon the label. Novem, nine. Nonus, the ninth. Novus, nova, novum, new. Novissime, very lately, the last of all. Nocte, at night. Noctes, nights. Nocte maneque, night and morning. Alternis noctibus, every second night. Nuper, lately. Nuperrime, very lately. Nucha, the nape of the neck. Nuchas, to the nape. N.M., Nux moschata, a nutmeg. Sumat magnitudinem nucis moschatac, take the bigness of a nutmeg. 
* The word minutum, for a minute, is very barbarous Latin; we believe there is no such word; but the right Latin for a minute, Sexagesima pars horse, is as long and as tiresome to write a* " Swnivitreous oxide of lead" for the simple word " Litharge." 4 


50 
INTRODUCTION 
Numeri. 
Numbers. 
1. or j. unus, una, unum, one. unius, of one. 2. ij. duo, duae, two. duorum, of two. duobus, in two, to two. 3. iij. tres, tria, three. tribus, in three, to three, trium, of three, ter, three times. 4. iv. quatuor, four. quartus, a, um, fourth, quater, four times. 5. v. quinque, five. quintus, fifth. 6. vj. sex, six. sextus, sixth. 
7. or vij. septem, seven. Septimus, seventh, septimana, or, 7 mana, a week. 8. viij. octo, eight. octavus, eighth. 9. ix. novem, nine, nonus, ninth. 10. x. decern, ten. • decimus, tenth. 11. xj. undecim, eleven. 12. xij. duodecim, twelve. 20. xx. viginti, twenty. 24. xxiv. viginti quatuor, twenty-four. 
Obstante, hindering, preventing. Occasio, occasion, opportunity. Octo, eight. Octavus, eighth. Octava quaque horS,, every eighth hour. Olim, some time ago. Olla, a pot, a gallipot. Oninis, all. Omni mane, every morning. Omni hora, every hour. Omni every two hours. Omni nocte, every night. Omni \ hortt, Omni quadraute horae, every quarter of an hour. Tere omnia, rub all together. Omnin6, quite, wholly, entirely. Optime, very well, as well as possible. Optimus, ma, mum, best. Opus, need, occasion. Si opus sit, or fuerit, if it be necessary. Ovillum jusculum, mutton broth. Ovum, an egg. Vitell. ovi, the yolk of an egg. Ovorum, of eggs. 
P. 
Pannus, a rag. Pannus linteus, a linen rag. Pannus laneus, Pannus e lana, a piece of flannel. Paroxysmus, a paroxysm, a fit, a convulsion fit. Pars, a part. Partes, parts. Parti dolenti, to the pained part. Partitus, parted. Partitis vicibus means that you are not to give a medicine all at once, but divide the dose according to the directions most commonly previously given; for example, if a purging or emetic draught, half or a third (as the case may be) to be taken at first, and the other half or third at a certain distance of time, if the former quantity be not found sufficient to produce the desired effect. Parvus, little. Cochleare parvum, a teaspoonful. Parum, a little. Parumper, a little. Pauculum, pauxillum, paululum, a little. Pectus, the breast. Pectoris, of the breast. Pediluvium, a bath for the feet. Per, by, or through. Pergo, to go on with. Pergat in usu medicinarum, continue the medicines as before. Peractus, f completed, perfected, quite done, gone through with; as, Peracta- ope- Perfectus, ( ratione emetici, after the emetic has quite done operating. Perfricetur, let it be rubbed. Perfricandus, to be rubbed. Pensus, weighed. Accurate pensi, exactly weighed. 


51 
INTRODUCTION. 
Perpetuus, perpetual. Fiat perpetuum, keep it open (when it refers to a blister). Pluvialis, also pluviatilis aqua, rain-water. Pharmacopoeia, the dispensatory. Pollex, the thumb. Pollex pedis, the great toe. Pomeridianus, postmeridianus, in the evening or afternoon, time of the day. P. R. N., Pro re nat&, occasionally, according as circumstances may occur, according as the symptoms may require. Poculum, a cup. Pomum, an apple. Pomi, of an apple. Pone, behind. Pondere, by weight. Porro, moreover. Post, after. Postea, then, afterwards. P. M., Post meridiem, afternoon, in the afternoon, after twelve o'clock at noon. Potus, drink, any kind of beverage. Postulet, postulent, may require, demand. Prsecipue, especially. Prseparatus, prepared. Prseparo, to prepare. Prseparentur, let them be prepared. Primus, ma, mum, the first. Primd, first of all. Primo mane, very early in the morning. Prior, prius, the former, the first. Priusquam, before that. Pro, for. Pro re nata, p. r. n., occasionally, &c. Pro ratione, according to, or, in proportion to; as, pro ratione setatis, according to the age of the patient. Proprius, a, um, proper. S. N. P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with its proper direction. Pruritus, an itching. Pruriens, itching. Dolichos pruriens, cowhage. Psora, the itch. Pulvis, a powder. Pulveres, powders. Pulveribus, in powders. Purificatus, a, um, purified. Pyxis, pyxidis, a pill-box, or lozenge-box. 
Q 
Quadrans, quadrantis, quadrante, quarter. Omni quadrante horse, every quarter of an hour. Quacum, with which. Quamprimum, as soon as possible, without the least delay. Quartus, a, um, the fourth. Qu&qua, every. Quavis (fcem), with any. Quater, four times. Quatuor, four. Quarta pars, a fourth part. Quaque (at the end of any Latin word), and. Quern, quam, quod, which (the accusative case). Qui, quse, quod, which (the nominative case). Quibus, to which, with which. Quibusdam, to or with some. Cum guttis quibusdam, with a few drops. Quilibet, quselibet, quodlibet, gen. Cujuslibet, abl. Quolibet, any. Quiescat, goes to rest, is easier. Quinque, five. Quintus, a, um, the fifth. Quinquies, five times. Quinquina (cinchona), Peruvian bark. Q. S.—q. s., Quantum sufficiat, as much as may be sufficient. Quorum, quarum, of which. Quos, quas, which. Quocum, quacum, with which. Quovis, with any. 
R. 
Ratio, a reason, also a proportion. Pro ratione aetatis, according to the age of the patient. Pro ratione doloris, according to the urgency of the pain. Raucedo, hoarseness. Recipe, take. Recipe (taken substantively), a prescription. 


52 
INTRODUCTION. 
i 3 
Regio, a region (an anatomical term for certain parts of the body); as, regio epigastrica, the epigastric region; regio lumborura, the region of the loins; appl. emplastr. regioni umbilicali, to the umbilical region or parts in the neighborhood of the navel. itedigo, to reduce. Redige, reduce. Redigetur, may be reduced. Redigatur, let it be reduced. Redactus, a, um, reduced. In pulv. redact., reduced to powder. Refrixerit —pi. int —the subjunctive future of refrigesco, to cool. Reliquus, a, um, the rest, the remaining part. Remedium, a remedy. Oontinuandur remedia, go on with the same medicines as before. Repetatur, let be repeated, repeat. Repetendus, to be repeated. Respondeo, respondent, shall have answered. Donee alvus ad sedes ij vel iij respondent, until two or three stools shall have been procured. Ribes, currants. Gelatina ribesiorum, currant jelly. Ruber, rubra, rubrum, red. Rubus idseus, raspberry. Retinendus, to be retained or kept. 
S. 
S.V.R., Spiritus vinosus rectificatus, rectified spirit of wine. S.V.Ten, or tenuis, proof spirit. Saepe, often; saepius, oftener ; saepissime, very often. Saltern, at least. Sanguis, blood —inis, of blood. Sanguinis missura, blood-letting. Saphena vena, the ankle vein. Scapula, the shoulder blade. Inter scapulas, between the shoulders. Scilicet, to wit, namely. Scrobiculus cordis, the pit of the stomach. Secundus, a, um (adjective), second. Secundum (preposition), according to. S.A., Secundum artem, according to art; that is, you are to use your own ingenuity to do it in the most proper and scientific way. Sed, but. Sedes, a stool—plural, stools. Semi, or semis, half. Semihora, half an hour. Semi drachma, half a drachm. Sesqui, one and a half, as sesquihora, an hour and a half. Sesquiuncia, or sescuncia, an ounce and a half. Sesquidrachma, a drachm and a half. Remember well to attend to the difference of these two words, for many young men, by not knowing that sesqui means one and a half, but confounding it with semi, have made bad mistakes. Semper, always. Semel, once. Septem, seven. Septimana, a week, seven days. Septimus, seventh. Sequens, following. Serum lactis, whey. In sero lactis vinoso, in wine whey. Serum is also the watery part of the blood which separates from the red part, or crassamentum, on standing until cold. Sex, six; sextus, sixth. Si, if. Sive, or; whether. Signatura, a label or direction. Signetur, let it be marked, directed, written upon. S.N.P., Signetur nomine proprio, mark it with the name it is usually known by. Simul, together; as, terantur simul, let them be rubbed together. Simul ac, at the same time that. Sine, without. Sine mora, without delay. 


53 
INTRODUCTION. 
Singultus, hiccup. Singulus, a, um, each; in singulis, in each; singulorum, of each. Sinister, tra, trum, the left. Auri sinistro, to the left ear. Satis, thirst j si sitiat, if thirsty. Solitus, accustomed. Solus, alone; only. Solutus, a, um, dissolved, also loosened; as, donee alvus soluta fuerit, until a stool ia procured. ' Solve, dissolve. Somnus, sleep. Hora somni, at bed-time. Spina, the spine, the backbone ; also, a thorn. Spissus, thick. Spissitudo, thickness of consistence. Statim, directly, immediately. Stent, let them stand. Stet, let it stand. Sternutatorius pulvis, sneezing powder, snuff. Stupa, tow. Sub, subter, under. Sub fmem coctionis, when the boiling is almost finished. Sub, prefixed to a word, implies diminution, or a process not completed j also, in many words has the same signification as the termination ish in English words, as sub-niger, blackish, not quite black. Subtepidus, lukewarm. For its meaning when applied to terms of chemistry, as subcarbona3, submurias, the pupil must study his chemical nomenclature. Subactus, a, um, subdued, dissolved. Subitus, a, um, Subitaneus, sudden. Subito (adv.), suddenly. Subtepidus, a little warm, lukewarm. Subige, dissolve it, make it unite. Subdue quicksilver with lard or balsam of sulphur. Subinde, frequently, now and then. Subtilis, subtile, reduced to fine powder. Pulv. subtilissimus, the very finest powder. Sumat, let him take. Sumatur, sumantur, let it be taken, take. Sudor, sweat. Superbibo, to drink after taking anything; as, chamomile tea or warm water after an emetic j or a cup of water or any liquid medicine to wash down a dose of any sort of pills. Superinfundo, to pcur upon. Supra, above. Supradictus, above mentioned. Syncope, a fainting fit. 
T. 
Tabellae, tabulse, lozenges. Talis, such. Sumat talem, let him take such a one as this. Talus, the ankle. Tarn, so. Tamen, yet. Tactus, the touch. Taenia, the tapeworm. Tempus, temporis, time. Tempora, the temples. Temporibus, to the temples. Tempori dextro, to the right temple. Tempori sinistro, to the left temple. Temperies, temperamentum, temperament, degree of heat. Tenacitas, tenacity. Ad debitam tenacitatem, of a proper degree of tenacity or consistence. Teneo, to hold. Tenendus, to be held. Tenuis, weak, thin, small, slender. Tepefactus, warmed, made warm. Ter, three times, thrice. Ter quaterve, three or four times. Teres, teretis, round, taper; also, teres is a name for the long and round worm infesting the human body, qu. d. vermis teres. Tergum, the back. A tergo, behind. Tero, to rub. Tere (imperative), rub. Terendus, to be rubbed. Terantur, let them be rubbed. 


54 
INTRODUCTION. 
Tertius, tertia, tertium, the third. Testacea, the prepared powders made of oyster-shells, egg-shells, crabs' claws, &c. Thorax, the chest. Thoracis, of the chest. Thus, frankincense. Tinea capitis, scald head. Torrefactus, toasted. Tres, tria, three; tribus, in three, to three. Triduum, three days. Trituratio, a grinding. Trituratus, triturated, ground. Tritus, ground. T.O., Tinctura Opii, what is commonly called Laudanum. T.O.C., Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphorated Tincture of Opium, called, formerly, Paregoric Elixir. This tincture is now called by the London College, in the late reform of the Pharmacopoeia, edit. 1809, Tinctura Camphorse Composita. Trans, through. Cola trans chartam, filter through filtering-paper. Tussis, a cough. Tussi molestante, when the cough is troublesome. 
U. 
Ultimus, ultima, mum, the last. Ultimd praescript, which was last prescribed. Umbilicus, the navel. Una (an adverb), together. Uncia, an ounce. Unciam cum semisse, an ounce and a half. Undecim, eleven. Unus, una, unum, one. Unius, of one. Uni, to one. Urgente tussi, when the cough is troublesome. Urgeo, to urge, to oppress, to be troublesome or painful. Usus, use. Pergat in usu remediorum, continue the use of the medicine as before. Usque ad, up to, as far as. Ut, as, that, so that ; in the same manner as. Utendus, to be used. Utatur, let him make use of. Uterque, utraque, utrumque, both. Utriusque, of both. Utrique, to both, to either. Admoveantur hirundines ij tempori utrique, apply two leeches to each temple. Utriuslibet, of whichever of the two, or more, the patient likes best. 
V. 
Vaccinatio, the act of inoculating for the cowpock. Variola vaccinae, the cowpock. Vaccinum lac, cow's milk. Valde, very, very much. Valeo, to avail; si non valeat, if it does not answer. Variola, the smallpox. Varicella, the chickenpox. Vas, a vessel. Vasis, of a vessel. Vase clauso, in a covered vessel. Agitato vase, shaking the vessel. Ve, vel, or; either: -ve is never at the beginning, but the end, of a word. Vertebrae, the joints of the neck, back, or loins; the vertebrae, altogether, form that column of bones which is called the spine. Verus, true, real, genuine. "V ena, vein. Vena saphena, the ankle vein. Venaesectio, bleeding. Fiat venaesectio, bleed him. V. S. B., Venaesectio brachii, bleeding in the arm. Fiat venaesectio in venS, saphena, bleed the patient in the ankle vein — or, it may be understood, to bleed wherever you can find the best vein at the top of the foot to get blood from. Vespere, in the evening. Vespertinus, in the evening, as horS. vi*, vespertina, at six o'clock in the evening. Vehiculum, a vehicle; that is, whatever liquid or any other eatable or drinkable we take a medicine in, as barley-water, whey, jelly, or panada, &c. Viginti, twenty. Vicesimus, vigesimus, the twentieth. 


55 
INTRODUCTION. 
Vinosus, vinarius, of wine. Cyathus vinarius, a wine-glass. Vices, turns; ad duas vices sumendus, to be taken at twice j that is, half to be taken at first, and the other half in some time after. Vicibus partitis. See Partitus in P. Vice, in the room of. Vix, scarcely, hardly. Ut vix sentiatur, so that it can scarcely be perceived. Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. V. 0. S., Vitello ovi Solut; m dissolved in the yolk of an egg. Vitrum, a glass. Vitreous, made of glass. Vires, strength ; si vires permittant, if the strength will bear it. Vomitio, a vomiting. Vomitione urgente, when the vomiting is troublesome. Vultus, the countenance. 
OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SICK ROOM. 
In the treatment of disease, as much depends on the proper management of the patient, or, as it is usually called, nursing, as on the remedial powers of medicines appropriate to the exigencies of the case. How many, in fact, have owed their lives to the sedulous and skilful attention of their nurse or friends, wholly independent of professional assistance ! and, on the other hand, what numbers have been sacrificed to a want of knowledge of the proper government of a sick room, in spite of the most judicious treatment, on the part of the physician ! This most important subject has been strangely overlooked by both lecturers and writers on the practice of medicine. We are acquainted with but two treatises on the subject, in our language, that can be referred to with confidence—the general observations prefixed to "A practice of Physic," by the late Dr. Dewees, and " The domestic Management of the Sick Room," by Dr. A. T. Thomson, of both of which we shall freely avail ourself in the following pages. 
Ventilation in the Sick Room. 
Where it is possible, the room in which the patient is confined should be large and lofty, and in all cases provided with a chimney ; the upper sashes of the windows should be capable of being let down, which is not always the case; in a word, the room should be of such a construction, as to permit the freest ventilation and renewal of the air without injury to the patient. Fortunately, for the comfort as well as for the benefit of the sick, a great change has taken place as regards their treatment in this respect; at one time, and that not many years since, it was considered essential to their recovery that air should be carefully excluded from their apartments, and every means was taken to accomplish this result; but a more rational mode of treatment is now generally adopted, though physicians occasionally meet with individuals who obstinately adhere to the idea that all access of the outer air is injurious to the sick. 
The air of a sick chamber soon becomes impure, and must be changed by the admission of fresh air from without, and not, as is too frequently attempted, by the use of disinfecting agents in the chamber itself; which, although they may mask or destroy offensive odors, only tend to vitiate the air still more. It may be confidently asserted, that no disinfecting or fumigating agent is capable of rendering the air of a sick chamber so pure and salutary as it can be made by proper attention to cleanliness and free ventilation. 
This latter can in most cases be accomplished without risk to the patient, by proper management, and should never be neglected. It should be regulated by the season of the year, the state of the atmosphere, and the character of the disease. In winter, in consequence of the draught occasioned by the fire, a renewal of the air of the rooip takes place to a greater or less degree; but a sick chamber should, if possible, be heated by an open fire, and not by a stove, as the air is thus more rapidly changed, and the unpleasant emanations caused by a large surface of heated iron are obviated. 


56 
INTRODUCTION. 
The state of the weather should also influence the mode of ventilation, for it must he obvious that, if it is damp, it would be injurious, if admitted into a sick room directly or in large quantities. The character of the disease should always be considered ; as a general rule, all acute affections require more ventilation than those of a chronic nature, except such as are attended with offensive discharges. No precise rules, however, can be laid down on the subject of ventilation as respects the mode in which it is to be attained; this must, in a great measure, be left to the discretion and good sense of the attendants. Ventilation is especially required in infectious and contagious disorders, as, in close, ill-ventilated apartments, the power of infection is greatly augmented, and is, as it were, concentrated. The infectious miasm is greatly weakened or diluted by a free access of air, and its powers much augmented by a damp, close atmosphere. Next to ventilation, and of equal importance, is the 
Temperature of the Sick Room. 
There is a very general, but erroneous, opinion among nurses, that a sick person should be kept very warm, to prevent his taking cold, and, consequently, the temperature of the chamber is maintained at a fever heat, to the great inconvenience and positive detriment of the patient. The best general temperature of a sick room is from 60° to 70° F., to be regulated by the thermometer rather than by the sensations of the sick person, as these are oftentimes morbid and deceptive, but at the same time are not to be wholly disregarded; thus, where the temperature is agreeable to the sensations of the attendants, and the patient, notwithstanding, complains of chilliness, it should be increased a few degrees. In febrile complaints, nothing conduces more to the comfort, and nothing is more proper than a reduced temperature, as it materially aids the physician in relieving the morbid heat of the patient's body, and the increased action of the arterial system. Thus, in a patient in the hot stage of fever, it is surprising to see the almost immediate relief experienced by the admission of cool air into the chamber; a tranquil state ensues, replacing his former jactitation and restlessness; his skin becomes cooler; his respiration, from being hurried and laborious, becomes calm and gentle; his pulse less frequent and active; and, in many cases, a placid and refreshing sleep comes on ; or he breaks out into a general perspiration. Where, on the other hand, the temperature of the room is maintained at a temperature equal to, or nearly equal to that of his body, every morbid symptom will be much aggravated, and his condition rendered still more deplorable. But, whilst a moderately depressed temperature is beneficial in many diseases, it exercises a decidedly injurious effect in others; in affections of the lungs, even a slight change in the thermometer will often cause an attack of cough and an augmentation of the symptoms. During convalescence, the air of a sick chamber should be frequently renewed, and the temperature kept at about 60° to 65°; but no sudden transitions permitted, as nothing is more essential than a guarded care against extremes and rapid changes of heat and cold. 
It is of equal importance that a proper attention should be paid to the temperature of the patient as regards the amount of his covering, for constant errors are committed by nurses in this respect. When a sick person complains of feeling cold, it is always proper to provide him with additional covering: but, if reaction takes place, and heat of skin ensues, it is seldom thought advisable by the attendants to remove any of the now superfluous clothes, "as he might take cold;" the consequence is that a febrile condition is produced, with a dry, hot skin, without a sign of perspiration. If some of the bedclothes be removed, however, this will soon make its appearance to the great relief of the patient. Every nurse should be aware that there is a sweating temperature, and that, when this is transcended, perspiration will not take place, and will cease if it be present. Attention to a simple rule on this point will obviate any difficulty, —to add covering when the patient complains of chilliness, and tc remove it when he experiences too much heat. 


57 
INTRODUCTION. 
Cleanliness in the Sick Room. 
Nor is attention to cleanliness of less importance, for, although much is accomplished, in preventing a foul and offensive atmosphere, by proper ventilation, this is not sufficient, and is not always practicable. The observance of this is one of a nurse's most important duties; and she should be careful to remove anything that is capable of emitting an unpleasant smell, or of giving out an injurious gas, as speedily as possible. All evacuations are to be taken from the room at once, and never suffered to taint the air, under any pretence whatever. The bedclothes, as well as the personal clothing of the patient, should be changed as frequently as circumstances will allow, and no dirt suffered to accumulate in any part of the room. All articles used by the patient in taking his food, medicine, &c, should be cleansed as soon after they have been employed as possible. No slop-basin or slop-pail should ever be allowed to remain in a sick chamber. 
A patient's face and hands should be frequently wiped with a towel moistened with cold water, or vinegar and water, in all cases in which there is no danger of causing chilliness, and he should be allowed to rinse his mouth and clean his teeth, several times a-day ; when he is unable to perform the latter office for himself, it should be done by the nurse. This is very grateful to patients in fever, when the tongue is dry or coated with fur or tenacious mucus. 
"Whilst every means of ensuring cleanliness in the sick room should be practiced, it is to be accomplished with as little noise and bustle as possible; otherwise it becomes annoying and injurious to the patient. It is not requisite that the room should be swept, nor that the furniture should be dusted, every day. What is done should always be performed in the morning, as the patient is usually better able to bear the little noise and bustle necessarily attendant on these operations, after a night's rest and quiet. When the carpet is swept, it should be sprinkled with moist tea leaves a short time previous, to prevent dust from rising. 
Quiet in the Sick Room, 
In most diseases, and especially in those attended with fever, nothing is more annoying and distressing to the patient than noise; hence, the utmost quiet should be strictly maintained. All unnecessary conversation should be avoided, as a sick room is an unfit place for gossiping. If conversation be carried on, however, it should be in such a tone of voice that the patient may comprehend it, for nothing is more injudicious or hurtful to a sick person, especially if 'of a nervous temperament, than the mode usually adopted by the attendants of conversing in whispers, as it leads him to imagine that it refers to something they are afraid or unwilling to communicate to him, and hence, he fatigues himself by. endeavoring to ascertain the purport of conversation, or gives way to despondency; on this account, it is better that all talking that is required should be carried on in a moderate tone of voice, and not in whispers, as much less likely to disturb the patient or to excite his attention. In some cases, especially in those of a nervous character, on the contrary, cheerful conversation is of much benefit to the patient, provided it is not continued so long as to fatigue him. A great fault in many nurses is being always in a bustle, "putting things to rights," or "fixing the room," thus constantly disturbing the patient, and preventing him from sleeping; nothing is more annoying to a sick person than this bustle or this constant recurrence of noises, which, however insignificant in themselves, render him nervous and impatient, from their repetition. Most of these may be prevented by an attention to order and method on the part of the nurse. One common source of annoyance to a sick person arises from a frequent opening and shutting of his door, more especially if the lock or hinges are not in good order. In many cases, the door may be kept permanently open, and the patient protected from the light and draught of air by means of a screen. Where this cannot be done, the door should never be opened, except where it is absolutely required, and 


58 
INTRODUCTION. 
it is by all means to be avoided whilst the patient is asleep. One means of avoiding a too frequent opening and shutting of the door is to permit no person to enter the room except such as are required to assist in attendance on the patient. 
Examination and Preservation of the Excretions. 
This is of much importance in many cases, as it enables the physician to judge with some degree of certainty of the condition of the patient and of the progress of the disease. It should never be trusted to a nurse, as it is very rarely that their account can be depended upon. In all cases where the physician deems- it necessary, the nurse should be directed to preserve the excretions for his inspection; but they should never be retained in the sick room. 
Administration of Medicine, &c. 
However skilful the physician may be, and however judicious his treatment, it is rendered perfectly nugatory, if the remedies he orders are not administered according to his directions, as the cure of the patient depends in many cases on the regular application of the prescribed remedies. It is, therefore, the duty of the attendant on the sick to follow implicitly the directions of the physician, as well in exactly complying with his orders, as in doing nothing that she has not been ordered to do. At the same time, there are exceptions to this rule, in which a suspension of the remedy, or a deviation from the order of the physician, is not only allowable, but is absolutely required. Thus, from idiosyncrasy or some other cause, the remedy in the doses ordered may have no effect, or may produce one widely different from that intended or expected. In such cases, it is evident that a strict adherence to the directions of the physician would be productive of evil; but he should be immediately apprised of the circumstance. Nurses, however, more frequently commit errors in the administration of drinks and nourishment than in that of the prescribed medicines. In the former, they are apt to imagine that they are as good, if not better judges than the physician, and, in consequence, thwart the best directed treatment. The nurse should as scrupulously adhere to the directions of the physician as regards drink and nourishment, as with the doses and times of administration of medicines; nor shouldj£e exhibition of food or drink be left to her discretion more than that of remedies* 
One error is very common, that of giving them too largely or too frequently; this should be guarded against, as far as possible, by the physician prescribing the quantity and quality of food or drink, as well as the times of giving it, with as much precision as he prescribes doses of medicine and the periods of their exhibition. In fact, in the treatment of the sick, as little as possible should be left to the discretion and judgment of the nurse or attendant of the patient. 
Furniture of a Sick Room. 
Where a disease is of a serious character, or appears likely to be protracted, it becomes of importance that the chamber the patient is to occupy, if circumstances will admit of it, should be selected and arranged in such a manner as will most minister to his comfort, and aid his recovery. It should, if possible, be large and airy, with a northern aspect, so as to avoid the glare of the sun; but, in towns, a room exposed to the sun is preferable to one fronting on the street, in which the patient is constantly disturbed by the noise of passing vehicles, &c. As mentioned under the head of ventilation, it should always be provided with an open chimney, that a due circulation of air may take place. No article of furniture that is not required should be suffered to remain in the room, as the dusting and arranging it will cause unnecessary noise and bustle, annoying to the patient. Two tables are wanted in most cases: one of a small size, to stand by the side of the bed, to hold such articles as are in immediate use, as the medicines he is taking, the spoon or glass in which they are administered, &c.; but nothing should be permitted to remain upon it, except articles frequently wanted. 


59 
INTRODUCTION. 
The other table, which should be large, and adapted for the reception of medicines not iu immediate use, such as spare spoons and glasses, should contain a drawer, supplied with a roll of old and soft linen, a sponge, scissors, a spatula, a roll of muslin and one of flannel bandage, some lint, some adhesive plaster, a pincushiou well supplied with pins; in fact, all such articles as may be needed. It may appear unnecessary to allude to these things; but it has happened to every medical man, to observe that, without such previous preparation, much of his time is wasted in the search for what is wanted. 
Where a second table is inconvenient, the top of a chest of drawers can be employed instead, for bottles, glasses, &c.; and one drawer should be appropriated to the reception of the various articles above enumerated ; another should contain towels, a free supply of which should always be at hand; but none are ever to be used for the reception of dirtied articles of clothing, which should always be at once removed from the room. The washstand should be provided with additional basins, one of which should be of small size; and a large pitcher of water should be always kept in the room. 
If there is a looking-glass in the room, it should be placed in such a position as not to be in view of the patient. A large sofa, or a small additional bed, is constantly required, as in certain cases where the patient is unable to sit up, he finds much comfort in being removed to it; it is also required when his bed is to be made. An invalid, or easy, chair is also productive of much benefit in certain cases; and where it can be commanded, it should be of such a construction as will admit of changes, so as to vary the position of the patient at pleasure. What is called a French bedstead, without curtains, is the best adapted to the sick room. The four post bedstead, when used, should not be furnished with curtains, as these tend to exclude the air, and to retain smells and a vitiated atmosphere. In all ( cases, a mattress is preferable to a feather-bed; it may bo placed over the latter, when greater softness is required. The pillows should be elastic, but so firm as not to permit the head of the patient to sink in them, as this prevents coolness and a due circulation of air. The bed-coverings should be as light as is consistent with warmth and comfort; hence, Marseilles quilts should not be used, as from their weight they oppress the patient, without affording as much warmth as a light blanket. The change of bedclothes, and shaking up the bed or mattress, must be regulated by the character of the disease and the condition of the patient. In febrile complaints, it should be done, if the strength of the patient will admit, twice in the twenty-four hours. When there is much restlessness, it will be found advantageous to move him night and morning to a large sofa, or to another bed; this tends to promote sleep, and to insure a proper airing of the beds. When he is thus moved, the clothes of the bed he has left should be turned down, and fully exposed to the air, which will render so frequent a change of the sheets less necessary than would otherwise be required. When there is only one bed, and in febrile diseases, the sheets which have been used at night are to be replaced by others in the morning, and freely exposed to the air during the day, and again used at night. When the patient is too much debilitated to be moved from bed to bed, he should be merely removed to the other side of his bed, and the one he has left properly arranged by changing the linen, beating up the bed, &c.; but these changes are never to be made whilst he is in a perspiration If a fire in the room is required, it should not be made use of to prepare the food or drinks of the patient; this should be done elsewhere, as well to avoid the smell emitted by the heated articles, as the noise and bustle caused in their preparation. 
Proper use op Utensils for Evacuations, &c. 
As it is of the utmost importance to the patient that he should be spared all unnecessary fatigue, some precautions are to be used to prevent this during his evacuations; and one of the duties of a nurse is to enable him to perform those offices with the least expenditure of strength. When the patient is feeble, he should never be allowed to rise to fulfill the calls of nature, and therefore a bed pan and urinal should always 


60 
INTRODUCTION. 
\ 
be provided; by means of these, the evacuations can be performed with ease, and without exertion. Many persons, it is true, have an aversion to using them; but this difficulty can generally be overcome by a proper representation of their advantages. One of the objections commonly made is that the use of a bed-pan gives them pain in the back; and this is often the case, where the patient is not properly supported; but can always be prevented by placing a pillow in the hollow of the back, before the pan is used. . In the case of giving drinks or nourishment, much unnecessary fatigue may be spared to the patient. Owing to the form of the vessels usually employed to administer drinks, without the sick person is raised in bed to receive them, much of the fluid is apt to be spilt on the bedclothes, to his great discomfort. Hence, a tumbler, teacup, or bowl should never be employed for this purpose, where the patient is too feeble to raise himself without inconvenience. The sick cup, as it is called, should therefore be employed for this purpose, as it spares all fatigue, and prevents any spilling of fluid on the patient or on the clothes. When the medicine or food is taken in spoonful quantities, and in cases of nauseous medicines to be administered to children, the medicinal spoon will be found very useful. This is a spoon with a hollow handle, with an opening at its extremity; the bowl is provided with a hinged lid, but is open at the apex. When a fluid is poured into it, and the lid closed, the pressure of the air at the opening at the end of the bowl will prevent any of the fluid escaping, as long as the orifice at the end of the handle is closed, but is projected with some force when this opening is free. By means of this contrivance, medicine or food may be conveniently administered without the patient being obliged to be raised in bed, or in spite of resistance on the part of a child. 
DOSE OF MEDICINES. 
The doses of medicinal substances, being specific as regards each other, can only be learned by experience; but their remedial or active powers do not always increase with an increase of the dose: thus, if a purgative dose of calomel be ten grains, an increased quantity of the medicine will not induce an equivalent increase in the purgation, though it may cause other consequences. The dose in which a medicine is given often determines its specific action; two grains of ipecacuanha will usually quiet the stomach, or act as a diaphoretic, whilst thirty will produce active emesis j and, in like manner, almost every medicine displays different powers, according to the dose in which it is administered. Dr. Paris states " that powerful doses are disposed to produce local rather than general effects." This is proved by experience, in many cases, but does not hold good in all: thus, many of the active poisons cause general effects in both large and small doses, and their virulent action is in general proportionate to the quantity taken. In most of what are termed the alterative medicines, however, the alterative action is only displayed when they are administered in small, but long-continued doses, and does not take place when they are taken in such quantities as to excite much local action. It is erroneous to suppose that a medicine is devoid of power, or does not exert an influence on the system, because no marked effect immediately follows its exhibition : for, as is observed by Dr. Barlow, " it is very possible that practitioners often err, especially in the treatment of chronic maladies, from requiring an obvious effect from each dose administered; where it is ascertained that a medicine actually possesses inherent powers, the slow and almost imperceptible exercise of these powers should not be despised. There is often more wisdom in seconding the efforts of nature than in superseding them." In fully admitting the truth of this remark, we are far from advocating the doctrine of Hahnemann, or his invisible doses; nor does it, in fact, accord with his views, for he gives a long catalogue of symptoms, caused by the administration of the minutest quantity of the articles of his materia medica. So many circumstances influence the effects of medicines, that it is almost impossible to say what dose will produce identical effects in different individuals; but it 


61 
INTRODUCTION. 
has been sufficiently ascertained that, in the generality of patients, we may reasonably expect certain results from certain doses. The circumstances that influence the action of medicines, and the doses in which they are to be given, are :— Age.—This exercises much influence; the young require smaller doses of a medicine to produce the desired effect than an adult; and the aged, although less susceptible to impressions than formerly, are unable to bear any forcible shock on their, system. Various formulas or tables have been published for the graduation of doses to the respective ages; but none of them are as generally adopted as that attributed to Gaubius, which is as follows :— 
Dose for a person in adult age being 1 drachm or 1. That for a person from 14 to 21 years would be 2 scruples or £. " 7 to 14 " £ drachm or " 4 to 7 "1 scruple or }. " 4 "15 grains or J. " 3 " 10 grains or $. "2 "8 grains or "1 "5 grains or^. 
This table, although mainly correct, is often found to be erroneous, when applied to particular cases. Dr. Paris, in his Pharmacologia, gives a formula devised by Dr. Young, which is simple, and has been found to be generally correct; this is: — For children under twelve years, the doses of most medicines must be diminished in the proportion of the age, to the age increased by twelve; thus: 
At two years to viz: 
2 2 + 12~~ ? ' 
At 21 the full dose to be given. 
But no scheme can be devised, founded on age alone, to which there are not many exceptions. Thus, children require proportionably larger doses of castor oil or calomel to affect them than adults, whilst, and especially when very young, they are exceedingly susceptible to the action of opium and its preparations. Sex.—It is generally admitted that females require smaller doses of medicines than males, and, as a general rule, this may be correct; but so much depends upon habits of life, temperament, &c, that the exceptions are almost as numerous as the examples. Temperament also exercises much influence on the doses of certain articles of the materia medica; an individual of a nervous temperament is unable to bear with impunity doses of opium that scarcely act on the phlegmatic; the sanguineous are readily affected by the action of stimuli, &c. Idiosyncrasy, or constitutional peculiarity, has more influence than either sex or temperament on the action of medicines. Some of these anomalies are very striking, and almost incredible, and evince the necessity of particular inquiries being made by the physician of every patient with whose constitution he is unacquainted. In some cases, opium, or any of its preparations, cannot be administered without producing the most distressing symptoms; in others, the smallest doses of calomel will cause salivation; whilst in others again it may be profusely given without inducing any effect on the salivary glands. In some persons, the mere vicinity to the poison oak (Rhus radicans) will bring on an unpleasant inflammation of the skin; whilst on other individuals this plant has no action whatever. It is often found that copaiba will cause a peculiar eruption, and the smell of ipecacuanha induce a distressing dyspnoea. So tartar emetic will be productive of ptyalism in some individuals even when applied to the surface of the body; blisters of cantharides will cause strangury in some patients, &c. In fact, these idiosyncrasies are so numerous that it would require a volume to notice in detail those already recorded. Habit exercises an equal influence with idiosyncrasy in modifying the action of medicines. The usual consequence of a long-continued use of any remedial or stimu- 


62 
INTRODUCTION. 
lating substance, is to diminish the susceptibility of the organs on which it acts to its impression. Hence, to obtain its effects, it must be given in gradually increased quantities. In many cases, however, instead of a diminished, an increased action is caused by repetition of certain substances. The influence of habit, in diminishing the susceptibility of the system to stimuli, is liable to fewer exceptions as regards vegetable than mineral substances, as may be daily remarked in the use of opium and tobacco. Dr. Christison accounts for this effect of habit in diminishing the influence of vegetable substances, by an increased power of the stomach in decomposing them; but it must also be attributed to a diminished susceptibility in the nervous system to their influence. But mineral medicines appear, in almost every case, to act with increased power by repetition, though the converse has been observed in some cases. 
State of the System.—It is well known that, in certain deviations from a healthy or normal condition, a remarkable change is often observed in the action of remedies on the system. Thus, in severe pain, opium can be administered in doses that cannot be borne with impunity in a state of health; but this is still more the case in tetanus, in which scruple doses, frequently repeated, have been administered without producing any marked effects. This modifying influence of disease has been noticed with regard to many other remedies, as in mercury, which can be given in large and repeated doses, in a febrile condition, without causing salivation. Where there is a diminished sensibility of a part, or a comatose condition, the pain, or irritation caused by the application of stimulating or vesicating articles, not being felt by the patient, there is a risk of inducing a sloughing and destruction of the part to which they are applied, if care be not taken to remove them in time; so, also, the application of ammonia to the nostrils, to relieve fainting, has caused violent irritation, and even inflammation of the trachea, the patient being unable, from his condition, of appreciating or expressing his sensation. Dr. Christison notices several fatal cases of bronchitis from this cause. 
Time of Day at which medicines are administered also influences their action on the system. As a general rule, no medicine should be given soon after a meal, though, in the case of some of the irritants, as arsenic, corrosive sublimate, iodine, &c, it is often found most expedient to administer them whilst the stomach is filled with food, to avoid their local action on that organ. Dr. Paris observes, under this head : " Evacuating medicines ought to be exhibited late at night, or early in the morning; thus, substances of tardy operation, as calomel, and the resinous purgatives, should be given at night, while saline purgatives, senna, &c. may be given in the morning. It would seem that during sleep the bowels are not so irritable, and, consequently, not so easily acted upon, which allows time for the full solution of the substance." In all cases, the exhibition of purgatives should be so timed that their operation may take place during the day, so as to avoid an undue disturbance of the patient at night. Other directions will be found in a subsequent part of the work. Numerous other causes exercise much influence on the action of medicines, as climate, the imagination of the patient, the tissue or organ to which they are applied, &c. Nor should the variable activity of a medicine be overlooked ; this has occasioned more accidents than is generally supposed. Some remedies, and generally those of a vegetable nature, lose much of their activity by age, and, therefore, require to be given in large doses to produce the desired effect; hence, where a physician has been induced to increase the usual dose of some article, which in a recent or unaltered state is active, and even poisonous, but, from age or other deteriorating cause, has become weakened, serious accidents may occur, if he persist in administering the same doses of a parcel which is fresh, or which is obtained from another apothecary. In such cases, the safest plan is always to commence with the usual dose of the medicine, and to gradually increase it, if this be found necessary. It should also be borne in mind that certain medicines have the power of accumulating in the system, or, in other words, of not displaying their usual effects when given in small and repeated doses, until a certain quantity has been taken, when, on u sudden, symptoms resembling those caused by an overdose of the article, make their 


63 
INTRODUCTION. 
appearance. This has been remarked in relation to mercury, arsenic, and several other of the metallic medicines, as well as iodine, digitalis, &c. In giving remedies of this character, the physician should always be cautious, and not repeat the dose of them too frequently, because no sensible effect is produced at the expected time. Intervals between Doses.—As every medicine produces a specific and definite action on the system, which, in most cases, continues for a certaiu time, and then ceases, it becomes necessary to renew or maintain the medicinal impression as long as is required to counteract the morbid condition of the system. In some cases, however, as in the case of an emetic or purgative given for the purpose of merely evacuating the stomach and bowels, the single effect produced may be sufficient, and no repetition of the dose is required. In most attacks of disease, on the other hand, the physician is obliged to prescribe medicines in such quantities as to produce a certain impression, and to repeat the doses at such intervals as will keep up the influence of this impression. Where, from a want of knowledge of the time during which the remedy he has administered will continue to exercise its full action on the system, he postpones a repetition of it for too long a period, although a fresh impression is made by each dose, but little real good is the result, and, from a want of continuity in the remedial impression, no progress is made towards a cure. Hence, a physician should be acquainted with the usual duration of the action of the medicine he is administering, and order a repetition of the doses so as to keep the system under its influence. A nurse should, therefore, in all cases, follow his directions implicitly, as regards the periods at which medicines are to be given, for, by inattention to this rule, injustice is done to the physician, and, what is of more importance, the life of the patient is endangered. Where the diffusible stimulants are administered, especially those of an evanescent character, it is of much consequence that their influence should be kept up; and hence a neglect on the part of a nurse in giving them at the prescribed periods might cause a fatal collapse of the patient. It should be observed, however, that, except in cases where it is necessary thus to maintain the vital powers of a patient, this strict observance of the prescribed intervals between the doses of medicines is not intended to extend to the night, so as to disturb the invalid, as, in most diseases, sleep is one of the best restoratives ; but advantage is to be taken of those moments when he is awake, timing the doses as nearly as possible to the designated periods. Rules for the Administration of Medicines. — As has been stated, fluid medicines are usually administered in drops, teaspoonfuls, tablespoonfuls, &c. —an approximative measurement, which, although not precise or accurate, is sufficiently so iu most cases, though not suited to medicines of a very active nature. As the generality of medicines are nauseous, it is necessary to modify, as far as possible, their disagreeable taste, which renders them so repugnant to patients, and often causes much difficulty in their administration, especially to children; but this modification must not be of such a character as to alter their properties. As regards young children, much difficulty will be obviated by the use of the medicine-spoon already described; this will also be found useful in cases of insanity, where patients refuse to take medicine or nourishment. 
It is often found that patients experience much difficulty in swallowing pills, especially when these are of small size. The usual mode is to place the pill on the tongue, and to take a mouthful of water, when, on making an effort to swallow, both pass down the throat together; this plan is generally successful; but some persons appear to be unable to take a pill in this manner, and gorge themselves with fluid without effecting the deglutition of the pilular body; in such cases, by enveloping the pill in some bread, or some conserve or sweetmeat, so as to form a bolus, the difficulty is obviated. Mixtures containing insoluble ingredients should always be shaken up before they are administered; otherwise, the first doses will contain but little of the active ingredients, whilst the last portions will, on the other hand, be more powerful than was intended. Where the article administered is of a volatile nature, it should be given 


64 
INTRODUCTION. 
the moment it is poured out, and the bottle containing the remainder immediately closed. 
As each of the classes of medicinal articles requires the observance of certain rules to insure its full benefit, these will be briefly noticed in an alphabetical order. Acids. —These are given to fulfil various indications; some acting as tonics, some as refrigerants, &c. As those most generally used are corrosive, they require to be diluted with some bland fluid, so as not to exercise too powerful a local action on the tissues with which they come in contact; nor should they be kept in a metallic vessel, nor given by means of a metal spoon. As most of them act on the enamel of the teeth in a very rapid and energetic manner, the mouth should be well rinsed with water after the administration of each dose; or'they may be taken by being sucked up by means of a small glass tube, thus avoiding any contact with the teeth: this observation applies to many of the acid or super-salts; the usual solution of the sulphate of quinine, which contains free sulphuric acid, is known to act on the teeth very rapidly, and, from a constant repetition of the doses, to injure them in a serious manner; and hence requires to be given with precaution. Antacids are medicines intended to neutralize an undue or morbid acidity of the stomach or intestines. Their action is chemical, and they produce an innoxious compound which takes the place of the morbid fluid that causes the uneasiness or pain. In many cases, they act most efficaciously, when an emetic or cathartic has been previously administered. To obtain a permanent benefit from them, they should be combined with tonics, aromatics, &c.; as, when given alone, the relief afforded by them is but transient. 
They are most advantageously administered early in the morning, or some time previous to a meal during the day. When the salt resulting from the union of the antacid and the morbid acid is purgative, the former is better given at bed-time; thus, the combination of the solution of potassa, of the carbonates of potassa and soda, or of magnesia, forms salts with the gastric acid that act with some energy on the bowels; but this is not the case with chalk mixture or lime water. The patient should be restricted to light animal food and well boiled vegetables, avoiding sweets, acids, pastry, and, in fact, everything liable to increase the acescent condition of the stomach. 
Antilithics and LiTHONTRirTics are medicines supposed to possess the power of obviating or dissolving urinary calculi. That there are remedial agents capable of removing or relieving that morbid condition of the system on which a lithic acid diathesis depends, there can be no doubt; but it is very questionable if we possess remedies capable of dissolving calculi existing in the urinary organs. Among the antilithic remedies, those most generally employed are magnesia and its salts, the alkalies, soap, several of the acids, some astringent diuretics, many bitter tonics, &c. In cases of a lithic acid diathesis, however, much depends on the regulation of the diet of the patient; thus, when there is a superabundant secretion of uric acid, the food should contain as little azote as possible, and, therefore, be mainly of a vegetable nature; but, at the same time, care must be taken that the healthy action of the stomach is not impaired. There should be an avoidance of all indigestible substances, as fresh bread, pastry, salt meats, and even soups of all kinds; nor should malt liquors or acid wines be allowed. Where the white sand deposits or the phosphates occur, an acid system of diet is beneficial, with abstinence from all alkalies, soda water, &c.; whilst lemonade, the acid wines, and fruits in moderation can be allowed with advantage. Antispasmodics are remedies which have been considered to be endowed with the power of allaying spasm, and of calming or entirely removing irregular actions of the nervous system. As spasmodic action of the muscular apparatus and a morbid condition of the nervous centres may arise from a variety of causes, it has been found that the most opposite modes of treatment have been required; thus, in some cases, the most/efficient antispasmodic is the lancet, whilst in others the morbid symptoms are best alleviated by the most active diffusible stimuli. It is not our intention to enter into the discussion of the mooted question of the modus operandi of antispasmodics, 


65 
INTRODUCTION. 
1 
or whether there exists a class of remedies which are endowed with the power of exerting a direct control over spasmodic action. It is, however, shown by experience that the influence of this class of remedial agents is very limited in their operation and very various in their effects, and that to be efficient much discrimination is requisite on the part of the physician in the selection of the article best calculated to attain the desired effect. In general, what are termed antispasmodics have some of the properties of the narcotics, but differ from them in not causing stupor or insensibility. They are mostly substances possessed of a strong odor, and of a more or less volatile nature; and hence also partake of the properties of stimulants. Anthelmintics are medicines which are capable of expelling or destroying worms situated in the intestinal canal. Several kinds of worms are apt to infest the human intestines, and often give rise to distressing and even fatal symptoms. The medicines calculated to dislodge them are of various kinds: some act mechanically, as active purgatives, powder of tin, cowhage, &c.; some by being poisonous to the worms, as pink root, pomegranate bark, the vegetable bitters, &c.; and to this class belong, in all probability, the acrid, volatile, and resinous vermifuges, as turpentine, camphor, garlic, &c.; and the mineral remedies, as calomel, the preparations of iron, sulphur, &c. ; some seem to act by asphyxiating the worms, as the fatty oils, the mucilages, &c. Vermifuge medicines should be given in as simple a form as possible, and in as large doses as is compatible with their nature, and the age and condition of the patient; and hence the plan of administering them in the form of lozenges, biscuits, &c, is erroneous. One of tbe most certain of these remedies is the pink root (spigelia), either in the form of simple infusion, or united with senna or savin; in the first case, it should be followed by the administration of a brisk cathartic. In consequence of its sometimes causing temporary loss of sight, tremors, &c, which, although seldom dangerous, are apt to frighten the relations and friends of the patient, it is better, especially in cases of children, to administer the infusion in the evening, so that its effects may not be observed. The worm-seed oil is also another native anthelmintic of great power, but has the objection of having so disagreeable an odor and taste as to prevent its general use; the least unpleasant mode of giving it is in emulsion with mint or cinnamon water. 
Whatever vermifuge is employed, and whatever success attends its administration, the treatment should not be confined to the mere expulsion of the worms; but the condition of the stomach and bowels should be attended to, and their tone rendered healthy by the use of tonics, and a well-directed and generous diet. Cathartics are those medicines which increase in a greater or less degree the peristaltic action of the intestines. Cathartics have been divided into laxatives, which are characterized by acting mildly, without stimulating in any great degree the vessels of the intestines, or exciting a general disturbance of the system; and purgatives, which, in addition to evacuating the contents of the bowels, also promote secretions from their mucous coat, giving rise to copious watery stools. Some purgatives have a more violent action, occasioning nausea, faintness, pain, tenesmus, &c.; and some, acting in an overdose as acrid poisons, causing great irritation, and even inflammation of the intestines. But there is another and important character in the action of purgatives, which is that different portions of the intestinal canal are most affected by different cathartic substances; thus, calomel acts, in a marked manner, on the upper portions of the tube, as is 6hown by the increase of the biliary matters in the evacuations; gamboge also manifests its power on the stomach by often causing vomiting, but also, like the other drastics, causes much irritation in the large intestines; aloes, again, exerts, very little action on the upper part of the canal, but spends its force on the lower portion ; in fact, each purgative substance is characterized by a peculiarity of action as regards the part of the intestinal canal affected by it, and the nature of the evacuation it produces; and hence, it is of importance, in prescribing an article of this class, that it be suited to the impression wished to be made, and not, as is too frequently the case, selected at random. No class of remedies has been productive of more injury than the present, from their being resorted to without judgment, and from being persevered in for too long a time; for, inde-5 


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INTRODUCTION. 
pendent of the irritation they create and keep up in the bowels, they impair digestion, and too often lay the foundation of fatal organic diseases. Purgative medicines may be exhibited at any period during the day; but in all cases the patient should not be exposed to the influence of cold air; if, however, the circumstances are not urgent, it is better to administer them late at night or early in the morning, so as to prevent the disturbance and loss of rest of the patient, and also to secure their retention by the stomach; when given on an empty stomach, they also act more speedily and effectually than when this viscus is filled with food. To promote their action, and to obviate their griping effect, warm diluents, as chicken water, gruel, &c, should be freely taken after the first discharge. Where they operate too much, this inordinate action is to be checked by laudanum given by the mouth, or in the form of injections. Many of these medicines are very nauseous, and so repugnant to the patient as to induce nausea and vomiting, and, therefore, require the addition of correctives. The taste of rhubarb is best disguised by being given in milk, and that of castor oil by the froth of porter. The disagreeable taste of infusion of senna is much lessened if made with cold water, or, if made in the usual manner, by the addition of strong coffee, black tea, or by a few grains of cream of tartar. Aloes is rendered more palatable by the addition of extract of liquorice. Magnesia is mixed more perfectly with water or milk, if it is poured on the surface of the fluid, and permitted to sink as it becomes saturated, than by the opposite course. The neutral salts are rendered more palatable by adding a small portion of lemon juice to their solution, &c. When a cathartic is given in the form of pill, its operation is always less speedy than when administered in powder or mixture; and it should be borne in mind that the drastic purgatives operate more mildly, and even effectually, in combination than when given alone, as is instanced in the compound cathartic pill. Enemata or Clysters. —This mode of purgation is now generally employed in our large towns ; but a great prejudice exists among many persons against its use, from a fastidious and mistaken delicacy. In consequence of the improved apparatus now to be procured, the administration of these remedies is attended with much less difficulty and exposure than formerly, when the pipe and bag or common syringe were employed; and, therefore, much of the objection to their use is obviated. Clysters are of almost indispensable utility when it is necessary to evacuate the bowels as speedily as possible, or when the stomach will not bear the administration of a purgative by the mouth, and also in cases where it is of importance to make a direct application to the lower bowels, as in dysentery, colic, &c. Where it is merely wished to open the bowels, an injection of tepid water will often be found sufficient; where this is not found sufficient, the addition of table salt, sweet oil, or molasses, will, in most cases, induce a full discharge. In all cases, the patient should be directed to retain the injection for as long a time as possible, and not to attempt to empty his bowels immediately after the reception of the medicine. Though clysters seldom can be forced beyond the great curve of the colon, and hence their local action is confined to the lower part of the bowels, still, in many cases, their purgative influence extends to the small intestines, and their administration is followed by full and copious evacuations. They are also directed for other purposes than evacuating the bowels, for, from the intimate connection of the rectum with the other pelvic viscera, impressions made upon it are speedily transmitted to the adjoining parts, and hence, remedies can be directed by this channel with much advantage. In irritation of the bladder or uterus, an anodyne injection into the rectum will often afford much relief. In diseases of the lower bowels, also, clysters are of almost indispensable utility, as also in the dislodgement of ascarides seated in the rectum; nor are they less beneficial in those cases of sudden sinking of the powers of life where deglutition is impossible, and yet a prompt stimulating impression is requisite to save the patient; uuder such circumstances, clysters of some of the diffusible stimuli have proved of the greatest benefit. Suppositories. — These are substances introduced into the rectum to induce a discharge of its contents. Their use is principally confined to the mere object of re- 


67 
INTRODUCTION. 
lieving costiveness, for which purpose a piece of soap of a conical shape, and of about an inch in length, is the most generally employed; but in some cases, articles of a more stimulating character are necessary. In cases of costiveness in children, the introduction of the end of a small roll of paper, moistened with oil, for a few moments into the rectum, will, in many cases, be found sufficient. The objection to their use is the irritation they often create in the rectum. Sometimes suppositories of opium are found useful in those cases in which anodyne enemata are usually employed, and may be used where patients have a repugnance to the use of clysters, or where the soreness of the rectum prevents the introduction of tbe pipe of a syringe. In all cases where enemata or suppositories are employed, they must be introduced with care; otherwise serious injury may be done to the mucous coat of the rectum ; instances have occurred where, from a careless insertion of the pipe of a syringe, the gut has been seriously affected, giving rise to fistula, &c. In most cases, the injection for a child under one year is about an ounce, which is to be gradually increased to five or six ounces, as it advances in age; to a youth, from ten to fifteen years old, a pint may be given; whilst an adult requires a pint and a half to a quart. Where, however, the injection is of an anodyne nature, to restrain discharges or to alleviate pain, the laudanum should be mixed with not more than half an ounce to an ounce of bland mucilage, so as not to excite contraction of the bowels by the stimulus of quantity. Demulcents or Emollients are medicinal agents which diminish tone or irritation in the tissues to which they are applied, and thereby cause a relaxation of the parts, or sheathe and protect them from the action of substances capable of acting on them injuriously. The term Emollients is generally employed to designate remedies which are applied externally to soften and relax external surfaces, and, by contiguous sympathy, the deeper seated parts; these effects have been referred by some to a physical, and by others to a vital, agency. They consist principally of bland watery mixtures, or of simple water, at a somewhat elevated temperature, of oleaginous substances, or those combined in various forms, as fomentations, poultices, &c, which will be more particularly noticed in a subsequent part of the work. Demulcents are bland substances of various kinds, administered internally, to prevent the action of irritating matters on mucous membranes, or to soothe or lubricate these parts when irritated or inflamed. They are useful in irritation and inflammation of the stomach and bowels, in like conditions of the air-passages and lungs, as well as in affections of the urinary apparatus. When prescribed in cases of catarrh, and other morbid conditions of the respiratory organs, they are usually directed to be taken ad libitum ; but they should be swallowed slowly, for their main efficacy arises from their lubricating effect on the parts with which they come in contact; and this soothing influence is extended by sympathy to the bronchial membranes and pulmonic structure. They should be taken after a fit of coughing, for, as, by that spasmodic effort, the acrid secretion of the inflamed mucous surface is thrown off, they are enabled to come in direct contact with the irritated part, and thus exercise their soothing influence more efficiently. Diaphoretics are those medicinal agents which promote and increase cutaneous transpiration. These articles are numerous, and of a very heterogeneous character. In general, warm diluents, aided by external heat, are very effectual means of promoting perspiration; whilst, in some cases, this excretion is better promoted by the use of cool liquids, or even by the sudden and temporary application of cold to the surface. They are in almost every case relative agents; and, to produce the desired effect, should be given in certain states of the system, and with certain precautions. Thus, during the exhibition of these remedies, the patient should be confined to bed, and covered with light blankets; his shirt should be of flannel or muslin, as these are good non-conductors of heat. Their action is much promoted by the free use of diluents, given either warm or cold, according to the temperature of the patient's skin. During the continuance of the perspiration, great care should be taken that 


68 
INTRODUCTION. 
i 
it is not suddenly checked from any cause. When it is wished to moderate the sweating, the patient may be removed to another bed, covered with a warm blanket, his clothes changed, and his body dried with dry towels, care being taken that he is not exposed to cold air. During the exhibition of diaphoretics, no medicines of a purgative or diuretic character should be administered, as tbe action of the latter is incompatible with that of the former, besides causing a frequent exposure to cold during their operation. Diluents are watery fluids which increase the fluidity of the blood, and render the secretions and excretions less acrid or viscid. The best diluent is water, which is to be given either alone or variously flavored, according to the taste of the patient or the circumstances of the case. The temperature at which a diluent is given has much influence on its action. Thus, water at 60° or 70° F. merely dilutes; whilst at 45° to 60° it acts somewhat as a tonic, and at 70°, and to as high a temperature as it can be drunk, it is stimulant. Merely tepid water will often act as an emetic, whilst at 90° or 100° it will quiet the stomach and relieve nausea. In a cool or cold state, diluents diminish the temperature of the body and moderate an undue excitement of the pulse, and are hence called refrigerants or tcmperants, and principally consist of aqueous solutions of many of the acids, or of some of the neutral salts. 
Diuretics are medicines which increase or promote the secretion of urine: this they do by increasing the quantity of fluid taken into the stomach, or by stimulating the kidneys to increased action. They are always inconstant in their effects, and cannot be relied upon to produce the desired effect in all cases. To obtain their effect, the surface of the patient's body should be kept cool; otherwise, they are apt to operate as diaphoretics. Hence, the'patient should remain out of bed, and the medicine be administered during the day-time; or, if confined to bed, the clothing should be as light as is compatible with comfort The action of diuretics is much aided by a free use of the cooling diluents. Emetics are those medicines which invert the natural action of the stomach, so as to cause an ejection of its contents through the mouth, or vomiting. When the patient is plethoric, blood-letting should always precede the administration of an emetic, as it not only promotes its operation, but prevents any injurious rush of blood to the head. When it is required, a full dose of the emetic substance is to be administered ; but, in the generality of cases, it is better to give it in divided doses, frequently repeated, until the desired effect is produced. It often happens, when a physician orders an emetic, that he will be asked not to give a strong one, as the patient is too weak, &c.; but it should be known that, unless the medicine causes full vomiting, it will create more uneasiness and debility than when it acts in the desired manner. When vomiting takes place, it should be encouraged by draughts of tepid water or weak chamomile tea, to be repeated after each discharge; but the use of these fluids is not to be carried too far, because, when the stomach is gorged with liquids, the action of vomiting is often not fully performed, or is wholly checked. When the operation of an emetic is too violent, the best means of checking it is by the administration of laudanum, or the application of fomentations or warm poulticeB to the epigastrium; if these fail, a spice plaster or a sinapism to the same part will generally be found effectual. If the stomach continues irritable, drink, food, or medicine is to be given in very small quantities. There is always much thirst, which patients are very apt to endeavor to alleviate by freely taking some fluid; but this in most cases being rejected, the evil is only increased; the best plan to relieve it is to frequently wash the mouth with some cool drink, swallowing as little as possible. When the stomach is inactive, and a full dose of an emetic substance does not cause vomiting, it is always unsafe to repeat the dose, as by such a course inflammation may be produced. When the stomach thus resists the action of one article, carried to a due extent, it is better to have recourse to another, or to endeavor to produce emesis by titillating the fauces and throat by means of a feather. Emetics should always be given at the time ordered by the physician, and, as a general rule, on an n mpi-y stomach, in the morning; but it is sometimes of benefit to administer them 


69 
INTRODUCTION. 
1/ 
in the evening, as, from the exhaustion produced by their operation, a disposition to sleep is caused. Emmenagogtjes are medicines which excite or promote the catamenial discharge; but there are, strictly speaking, few remedies which have this specific power on tho uterus, the majority of them acting by their influence on the system generally, or on parts contiguous to the uterus —ergot being almost the only article which exercises a direct power on this organ, and that rather in increasing its expulsive energy than in promoting the menstrual function, though it has been advantageously employed for the latter purpose. To insure the successful administration of this class of remedial agents, the system must be previously prepared for their use by invigorating it, if there are relaxation and debility; and by an opposite course, if there is an undue degree of arterial action. In a majority of cases, the restoration of the discharge ia rather attributable to a proper regulation of the system than to any specific power in the emmenagogue administered. Epi spastics are external applications which are capabe of inflaming the skin, and causing an effusion of serum beneath the cuticle. These effects can be produced by a variety of means; but that most generally employed is the Spanish fly, or cantharides. The mode of applying a blister, and of dressing the sore it occasions, is very simple; but, without special directions from the physician, many nurses and attendants on the sick are straugely ignorant on the subject. The best preparation of cantharides for blistering purposes is the cerate of Spanish flies, or common blistering plaster; this will be always found effectual, if properly prepared, and of good materials. It is best spread on soft leather, though linen, muslin, or even stout paper will answer. To obtain a prompt action from a blister, it should be spread thick ; powdered flies should not be sprinkled on its surface, for, if the plaster is well made, it requires no such addition ; added to which, the powder is apt to adhere to the skin, and to give the patient much uneasiness. Before applying a blister, the part on which it is to be placed should be well washed with soap and water, and thoroughly dried, the hair shaved off, and the skin irritated by being rubbed with a coarse towel, or, if this is not sufficient, with warm vinegar, spirits of turpentine, &c. The plaster is to be secured to the part by means of a bandage; or, what is better, by means of strips of adhesive plaster, or by coating the margin of the leather or cloth on which the • blister is spread with the adhesive plaster. Whenever either of the last modes of securing a blister is resorted to, it is necessary, to secure its adhesion, that the skin be perfectly dry. The plaster should be in perfect contact with the skin; but should not, as is too often the case, be subjected to much pressure, for this retards vesication, and is a source of uneasiness to the patient. The period generally required for a blister to draw is twelve hours; but this is liable to many exceptions: thus, for children, delicate females, and for persons with tender skins, a much shorter time is sufficient. The best plan, when the patient complains of pain and burning, is to lift a corner of the plaster and examine the condition of the skin beneath, and, if it be found vesicated or fully reddened, to remove the blister; or, if the skin is not sufficiently inflamed, to permit the blister to remain till this result is attained. When the skin is sufficiently reddened, but not vesicated, the application of a warm poultice, or of a dressing of basilicon ointment, will cause a copious effusion of serum. In cases of children and irritable persons, or those liable to strangury, this should always be done. To guard against this latter, it has been advised to interpose a piece of gauze, fine muslin, or tissue paper between the skin and the plaster: these should be moistened with oil. It is very doubtful, however, whether this plan is of any real advantage. In many persons, the action of a blister disposes to sleep; but in very sensitive individuals it causes much irritation ; this may be often obviated by the addition of a few grains of extract of hyoscyamus, or of belladonna, to the plaster. When it is requisite to cause a blister as rapidly as possible, the plaster of Spanish flies must bo replaced by other means. In such cases, paper, moistened with oil of cantharides, or with the ethereal extract, will be found useful. The application of a pledget, wet with water of ammonia, will also act very rapidly. When a still more rapid effett is 


70 
INTRODUCTION. 
desired, the direct application of heat to the part may be resorted to, by means of a disk of polished metal, heated in boiling water, or by applying a piece of wet blotting paper to the skin, and passing a hot flatiron over it. Some persons have a great dread of blisters, and object to the application of a large one; but, when the full effect of blistering is required, a large one should always be applied, for the pain and irritation caused by a large blister are very little greater than a small one occasions, whilst the benefit is more decided. Still, as the quantity of the discharge is in a great measure equivalent to the size of the vesication, large blisters depress more than small ones; therefore, when they are intended merely as counter-irritants, small blisters are to be preferred. The size and shape of blisters vary greatly, according to the part to which they are to be applied, and the age of the patient. Dr. Dewees gives the following as the general size of blisters: — For the legs or thighs, from 7 to 8 inches long by 3 to broad. For the back, from 7 to 8 inches long by 4 to 4$ broad. For the thorax, from 8 to 9 inches long by 7 to 8 broad. For the stomach, from 8 to 9 inches long by 6 to 7 broad. For the abdomen, from 10 to 11 inches long by 8 to 10 broad, if designed to cover the whole surface. 
For the ears, from the peculiarity of the shape, the size cannot well be defined. For the temples, from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter; they are usually circular. 
These are the sizes for adults; for younger persons they must, of course, be proportionably smaller. The dressing of a blister requires some skill on the part of a nurse; and much pain and inconvenience will be saved to the patient by the exercise of a little dexterity Jn the operation. Some trouble will be avoided by having everything necessary for the operation in readiness, as the plasters spread, bandages ready, &c, Each of the vesicles is to be carefully snipped, with the points of a pair of sharp scissors, at their most depending part, and the serum evacuated; but when the vesications are very small and numerous, this should not be attempted, as it would occasion unnecessary fatigue to the patient. In such case, the larger vesicles only are to be opened, and the smaller left till a subsequent dressing, when it is probable they will be found much increased in size. The cuticle should not be removed from the surface of the blistered part, except when it is wished to keep up a continued discharge, in which case the cuticle is best removed by the application of a hot poultice. When it is wished to heal the blistered surface, the dressing should be of simple cerate, thinly spread on a linen rag, and renewed twice a day. When the object is to maintain the discharge for a short time, the dressing should consist of basilicon ointment. When a more permanent impression is desired, some more stimulating application, as savin ointment, must be used. A blistered surface should seldom be washed, as this often causes chilliness and fatigue, and is generally useless. Some persons become faint when a blister is dressed for the first time: this should not excite alarm, as it is a mere sympathetic effect. The plaster for the dressings should not be larger than the blistered surface, as it causes irritation of the sound skin without aiding the discharge. Blisters sometimes, instead of healing properly, become painful and inflamed, and assume the appearance of an eroding or a phagedenic sore; this is best remedied by the application of a soft bread and milk poultice, having its surface anointed with fresh lard or cold cream. If this does not succeed, a lotion of lime-water and linseed oil will often be found effectual; oxide of zinc ointment will likewise prove useful in some cases. When a blistered surface causes much itching, and renders the patient restless, washing the irritated surface with an infusion of flaxseed or slippery elm will, in most cases, relieve the uneasiness. One of the most distressing consequences, arising from the application of a blister, is the production of strangury, which invariably takes place in some persons whenever a blister is used; this is remedied by a free exhibition of emollient and mucilaginous diluents, opiates by the mouth and as an enema, external fomentations to the pubic region, &o.; in some cases, a clyster of solution of sulphate of soda will act very efficaciously. To prevent its occurrence, it 


71 
INTRODUCTION. 
has been found of benefit to incorporate camphor and opium with the epispastic ointment, say twelve grains of the former and four of the latter, for a blister six inches square. It is said that boiling the flies in water, previous to their formation into an ointment, will deprive them of the property of causing strangury. Errhines are medicines which, snuffed up tbe nostrils, cause an increased discharge of the nasal mucus, and generally the convulsive action of sneezing. They are now seldom prescribed, though undoubtedly useful in some cases; but they should never be employed in persons disposed to apoplexy, or in those affected with hernia, prolapsus uteri, &c. Esciiarotics are topical agents, which, by a chemical or mechanical action, are capable of eroding or disorganizing the solid tissues of the part to which they are applied : those which act mechanically are actual cauteries, as a heated iron, moxa, &c; those which act chemically are caustics, as fused potassa, nitrate of silver, and chloride of zinc. In cauterizing with a heated iron, this should be at a white heat, as, at this temperature, it occasions less pain to the patient, from its causing an immediate death of the part to which it is applied. In applying it to any part, the surface should be protected by some non-conductor of heat, but not by wet paper or cloth, as the sudden extrication of steam will produce a blistered surface around the burn, and will much increase the pain. The hot iron is rarely employed in this country, except to arrest hemorrhage; in leech bites, where the usual means of stopping the bleeding are ineffectual, the application of the end of a heated wire to the wound will, in most cases, be found effectual. Another mode of applying the actual cautery is by means of moxa. This term is used for a small cone or cylinder of some slowly burning substance, applied to the skin, set fire to, and suffered to burn slowly for a length of time proportionate to the effect intended to be produced; this is a very painful operation, aud seldom employed in the United States. The chemical cauterants are numerous, and of various degrees of activity. In using the most powerful of them, caustic potassa, some precautions are necessary, owing to its great deliquescence; when it is employed to form an issue, layers of adhesive plaster should be placed on the skin, with a hole of the proper size cut iu their centre, through which the caustic can be applied without danger of its spreading. The chloride of zinc, which is an excellent cauteraut, is generally employed by forming it into a paste with flour. The chloride of antimony, though very powerful, from being a fluid, is difficult to manage, but has been advantageously used in cases of poisoned wounds. Expectorants are medicines which promote the expulsion of mucus or other matters from the air-passages. It is an ill-defined class of remedies, and is extremely uncertain in its action ; but we cannot, in this place, examine the propriety of retaining a division of the materia medica, the articles composing which act in an obscure aud by no means regular manner, and in almost all cases by a remote or secondary influence of a nauseating or sedative character. At the same time, daily experience proves that much benefit is derived, in diseases of the respiratory organs, from the administration of substances which are usually considered expectorants, in whatever way they may primarily act on the system. No class of remedies has been more productive of injury than that of so-called cough medicines; nor in any one has quackery exercised a more unbounded sway. It is too common for persons to resort to their use in cough and catarrh without consulting a physician, thus often aggravating a trifling irritation until it becomes a serious, and oftentimes a fatal, inflammation ; for, as many of the articles composing them, especially those most frequently employed in domestic and empirical practice, are stimulants, much mischief is apt to follow their indiscriminate use. The following rules should be observed in the exhibition of expectorants —and should always be enforced on the patient. The surface of the body should be kept moderately warm, so as to promote a gentle diaphoresis, and nothing done that may interfere with the primary operation of the remedy on the nervous, lymphatic, or muscular systems, by the secondary effect of which the lungs are benefitted; hence, the use of any that excite diuresis, aud uore especially 


72 
INTRODUCTION. 
of purging, should be avoided; nor should the patient be allowed to indulge his appetite in food or drinks of a stimulating character. Narcotics are medicines which lessen the manifestation of vital phenomena dependent upon the nervous system, especially deadening sensibility and diminishing the motor power : their full operations produce sleep, or even coma. The objects most generally in view in the administration of these articles are the production of sleep, or the alleviation of pain. No medicines are so much modified in their action by idiosyncrasy and habit. This does not extend to them as a class, but to each individually; hence, it is of importance that a physician should ascertain from a patient, before prescribing a narcotic, whether he has been long or frequently in the habit of using it, or whether it causes any unpleasant effects upon him, so that some other article of the class may be substituted. As regards the time at which a narcotic should be given, it depends upon the cause for which it is to be administered. Thus, if prescribed to allay pain, it may be given at any time, and repeated as long as the pain remains ; if to procure sleep, it is best given at night, and so late as to prevent the patient from being disturbed before it produces its full effect; otherwise, it is apt to exercise a stimulating action. In many persons, the secondary effect of opium is to cause much nausea and headache after its narcotic action has ceased, which are best relieved' by a cup of strong coffee, or by vegetable acids. When, however, this or any other narcotic produces these consequences, its use should be relinquished, and some other substituted. Refrigerants are remedies which are supposed to diminish the heat of the body without causing a marked diminution of sensibility or nervous energy, and they are thought to do this, whether administered internally or applied externally; but it is very doubtful whether any medicines act as internal refrigerants independently of the coldness of the medium in which they are administered, except in a secondary manner. Diaphoretics act as refrigerants by inducing an increase of superficial evaporation ; sedatives, by lessening the force and rapidity of the circulation ; purgatives, and especially the saline, by the copious watery evacuations they produce. The great refrigerant is cold water, whether applied topically or given internally. As a topical application, it is often mixed with fluids of greater volatility, that, by a more rapid evaporation, a proportionate abstraction of heat may take place. Sedatives are those remedial agents which diminish muscular tonicity, and the manifestation of nervous influence, even to the production of syncope, or a suspension, for a certain time, of the functions of the systems affected. Some act generally; others more locally. Blood-lettiug and tartar emetic are examples of the first; hydrocyanic acid, of the second. Most of the articles of this class are capable, if given iu too large doses, or too long continued, of producing a depression of the vital powers which may induce death; aud hence require to be administered with much care and judgment. Sialagogtjes are medicines which induce an increased secretion from the salivary glands. The modes in which the articles composing this class act are various. Some are merely local irritants, as pellitory, horseradish, &c.; and, when chewed, produce such a local stimulation of the salivary glands as to produce a copious effusion of saliva aud mucus. Another and more important section includes such articles as eviuc* their sialagogue powers in a secondary manner, which does not take place until a powerful impression has been made on the system generally; to this belong mercury, gold, &c, and their preparations. In the first of these divisions, their medicinal powers depend wholly on sialagogue effects; hence, they are merely useful as counter-irritants; the local stimulation, and consequent increased secretion produced by their action, often acting advantageously in relieving inflammations and congestions of adjoining parts. The curative value of internal sialagogues, however, is not dependent on the salivary flow they occasion, for though, in many cases, this may be very great, yet it is not essential to their remedial action, and may, in fact, father be considered as a proof that their full constitutional influence has been attained. 


73 
INTRODUCTION. 
In administering mercury, with a view to the production of its constitutional effect, it should always be recollected that, if it be permitted to exert its sialagogue powers to any great extent, it always causes great distress to the patient, without producing a beneficial effect on the disease; and its operation should, therefore, be closely watched. The condition of the gums should be examined daily, and, as soon as they display evidence of the action of the remedy, it should be discontinued, or given at longer intervals. The constitution of the patient should be sedulously attended to, as mercurials are apt to produce unpleasant consequences in delicate, nervous individuals, and are badly borne by the aged, who have suffered from previous attacks of illness. It is always dangerous to push them to salivation in children, as it frequently produces sloughing of the gums and cheeks. When too great a degree of salivation has been induced by the mercurials, it is of importance to check it as speedily as possible. This is to be attempted by cool air, and by washing the mouth with an infusion of some vegetable astringent, a solution of opium, or one of acetate of lead; this latter is very efficacious, but has the property of rendering the teeth black. Marked benefit has also been derived from a weak solution of chloride of soda; much reliance is placed by some practitioners on the preparations of sulphur, especially the soluble sulphurets, both as a wash iu solution, aud administered as a powder. An infusion of the smooth sumach (rhus glabrum), as well as a strong solution of borax, has likewise been found very useful as a local application. When the inflammation is severe, the administration of cathartics, especially the saline, is requisite, and in some cases blisters and leeches. Where a tendency to slough exists, the application of diluted pyroligneous acid will be found advantageous. Stimulants are remedies which increase the vital activity of the system, or of a single organ, the first being termed general, and the latter local stimulants. Much discrimination and caution are required in the administration of articles of this class, because, if given when inflammation is present, they are liable to create' more mischief than benefit; but they are called for when, on the decline of that condition of an organ, or organs, a state of relaxation or torpidity exists. In this state of things, a gentle stimulation materially assists the functions, and is productive of much benefit. 
Tonics are closely allied to stimulants, and some of them act in tlm manner; but most of them do not cause any sensible excitation of the system, whilst, at the same time, they gradually impart tone and activity to the vital powers. With the exception of iron, most tonics act primarily on the nervous system, and secondarily on the muscular, on which latter their power is most distinctly marked. Iron appears to act in a different manner, by altering or improving the condition of the blood, and consequently increasing the tone of the system. One of the most valuable properties of many articles of this class is that of curing diseases of a periodic type; in what manner, it is difficult to explain, as the laws that govern periodicity but little understood. 
In prescribing the antiperiodic tonics in fevers, as cinchona and its salts, their use should be confined to the intermissions, and, in most cases, in as large doses as the stomach will bear with impunity, so timing the doses that one may be taken a short time before the expected paroxysm. Quinia and its preparations, although eminently antiperiodic, are not possessed of the tonic properties of the bark itself, and, in the large doses recommended of late, are apt to induce unpleasant affections of the head, as vertigo, ringing in the ears, headache, and mental delusions. In administering arsenic as an antiperiodic, its effects should be carefully watched, and be discontinued when it causes constitutional symptoms, as vertigo, and oedema; nor should it be given in debilitated habits, and where the pulse is weak and feeble. It is better, in all cases, to commence its use in small doses, and to increase them until tbe stomach is somewhat affected, when the quantity is to be diminished, or even discontinued. 


74 
INTRODUCTION. 
Management of Convalescence and Relapses. 
The management of a patient, after the cessation of an attack of disease, and when he is declared convalescent, is of equal importance with the treatment during the continuance of the malady; and yet it is one strangely neglected by the physician, and is too often trusted to nurses and friends. In all recoveries from sickness, the organs, or parts which have been affected, remain for some time in an excitable condition, and liable to recurrence of the disease on the slightest provocation; and it is of much consequence to inquire what causes operate most frequently in thus producing a relapse. It will be found that they generally consist in the indulgence in food, either in too great quantity, or of an improper character, or in the too early or imprudent exposure to the weather, or in over-exertion of any kind. Diet. — The stomach, in common with every other part of tbe body, suffers from a diminution of its normal vigor and power of digestion, and, as a necessary consequence, when food of too nutritious a character is taken into it, it is unable to digest it properly; hence, part of it remains in an undigested state, oppressing the weakened organ, and is either rejected by vomiting, or causes diarrhoea ; or, if the stomach is capable of converting it into nourishment, an undue stimulation of that organ ensues, which will result in fever. This latter state of things is also induced by the administration of stimulating drinks. No animal substance, in any form, should be allowed during the continuance of acute febrile disease, nor immediately after its cessation. When it is permitted, it should be at first as little stimulating as possible, and in small quantities at a time; but is to be gradually increased in quantity and quality as the patient gains strength. An invalid should be very cautious in the use of certain articles, considered by nurses and others as peculiarly nourishing and proper for the sick, namely, animal jellies of all kinds. These are exceedingly indigestible, even in a state of perfect health — added to which, they are, in most cases, rendered highly stimulating by the addition of wine or spices. Exercise. —Another frequent cause of a relapse is over-exertion, from the common, but erroneous, notion that a convalescent will not recover his strength, except he takes as much exercise as he can bear. Properly regulated exertion is highly serviceable; but it should never be carried so far as to produce exhaustion, and should be pursued for some time in doors, before it be attempted in the open air : the latter, at first, should always take place in a carriage, that can be opened or closed at will; the patient may then attempt short walks in the open air; but, in all cases, it is of importance that he is not unduly fatigued, as otherwise injury instead of benefit will be the-result. One of the most serious errors, committed with regard to exertion, is that of permitting a convalescent to sit up too frequently, or for too long a time, under the mistaken notion of giving him strength. A patient should never be allowed to sit up longer than is agreeable to his feelings, and never so long as to produce a sense of fatigue. Air. — Great care must be taken that an invalid is not exposed to cold or damp air, especially if his skin be disposed to moisture ; to guard him from sudden changes of temperature, he should wear flannel next to his skin, and have his feet well protected by warm stockings. In every convalescence, from whatever disease, country air is far more invigorating than the vitiated atmosphere of towns; but care must be exercised iu the selection of the location, as to its freedom from malaria, &c, for it is far preferable that he should remain within the precincts of the city, than expose himself to the influence of causes which act with peculiar activity on a system debilitated by previous disease. 


UNIVERSAL FORMULARY. 
A 
ABSINTHIUM. 
Wormwood. 
This name is applied to several species of Artemisia, all, however, possessing the same properties. That recognized in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, and most generally employed, is A. absinthium, a native of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1188. Griffith, Med. Bot. 405. The parts used, are the tops or extremities of the branches. These have a grayish-white color; a soft, silky feel, a fragrant odor, and a very bitter taste. They impart their properties to water or alcohol. 
Wormwood has been employed as a stimulating tonic, in various forms of dyspepsia, in amenorrhoea, chronic Ieucorrhoea, gout, verminose affections, &c. It is given in a variety of forms. 
Infusion op Wormwood. R. Wormwood, one 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Brande. 
Extract of Wormwood. R. Wormwood, oi 
one part. 
Boiling water, six parts. 
Boil, express, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Tonic and stomachic. Giordano. 
Clyster of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood,") Rue, >• each, three drachms. Savine, ) Boiling water, one pint. 
Boil, strain, and add to each half pint 
half an ounce. 
Castor oil, 
Foy. 
Tincture op Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood, one part Alcohol, eight parts 
Digest with a gentle heat for five days, express, and filter. Tonic, stomachic, and vermifuge. Dose, from twenty drops to two fl. drachms. Guibourt. 
Alkaline Tincture op Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood, Centaury, f each ' ei « ht P arts - Bog Bean, J Alcohol, one hundred and twenty parts. Carbonate of Potassa, one part. 
Digest for six days, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. drachms, In dyspepsia and flatulent colic. Hoffmann. 
Syrup op Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for 12 hours, strain, add to the filtered liquor twice its weight of sugar, and make a syrup. Dose, a tablespoonful. Par. Codex. 
Wine of Wormwood. 
R. Wormwood, two parts. White wine, fifty parts. 
Digest for four days, express, and filter. A stomachic bitter and anthelmintic. Dose, one fl. ounce. Taddei. 
Oil of Wormwood. 
R. Tops of wormwood, one part. Olive oil, eight parts 
Heat for two hours on a water-bath, stirring often, express, and filter. As an embrocation to the abdomen, in cardialgia, diarrhoea &c. 
Wurtem. Ph (75) 


76 
ACACIA 
Essential Oil op Wormwood. R. Tops of wormwood, at w 
at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Dose, two to four drops several times a-day. Par. Cod. 
Par. Cod. 
Compound Spirit of Wormwood. R. Wormwood, four pound 
four pounds. 
Juniper, eight ounces. 
Cinnamon, two ounces. 
Angelica root, half an ounce. 
Alcohol, eighteen pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, distil twelve pints, pour back and re-distil ten pints. Guibourt. 
Ratafia of Wormwood. R. White sugar, 
Water, each, forty ounces. Dissolve, and add 
Orange-flower water, six fl. ounces, previously beaten with white of egg, one. 
Then add 
Compound spirit of wormwood, fifty-six fl. ounces. 
Heat on a water-bath, cool, and filter. Guibourt. 
ACACIA. 
Gum Arabic. 
This gum is derived from several species of Acacia, as A. vera, A. Senegal, A. arabica, &c. Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncecia. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. 
Willdenow. Sp. PI. iv. 1056. Griffith, Med. Bot. 270. 
In tears or fragments of various sizes, often rounded ; colorless or of a yellowish tint, semitransparent, inodorous, of a slightly sweetish mucilaginous taste. Wholly soluble in water, forming a mucilage. Insoluble in alcohol. Demulcent and nutritive. 
Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, four ounces. Boiling water, half a pint. 
Add the water gradually to the gum, and rub together, till the mucilage is formed. Strain. Principally used to suspend insoluble powders or to diffuse oily and resinous substances through aqueous fluids. U. S. Ph. 1850. 
Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Mucilage of gum 
Arabic, three fl. ounces. 
Sweet almonds, ten drachms. 
Sugar, ' five drachms. Water, (Imp ) two pints. 
Blanch the almonds, beat them to pulp with the sugar and mucilage, add the water gradually, constantly stirring. Strain. Demulcent and emollient. Ed. Ph. Used to appease cough and to allay irritation. 
Gum Arabic Mixture. 
R Mucilage of gum Arabic, six fl. ounces. Oil of sweet almonds, three fl.drachms. Syrup of saffron, one fl. ounce. Solution carbonate am- 
monia (Lond.), half fl. drachm. Mix, and make emulsion. A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Ainslie. 
Gum Lozenges 
R. Gum Arabic, four ounces. Starch, one ounce. 
Sugar, one pound. Pulverize, mix, and form a consistent paste with sufficient rose-water, to form lozenges of convenient size. A useful article to allay irri tation of the throat in catarrh. Ed. Ph. 
Pectoral Paste of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, two pounds. Dissolve in water, and add Sugar, one pound and a half. Evaporate to a proper consistence, adding Orange-flower water, three fl.drachms. Employed to allay irritation, like the last. Foy. 
Pate de Guimauve. R. Gum Arabic, 
powdered, two pounds, four ounces. White sugar, two pounds. Whites of eggs, twenty. Double orange-flower water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the gum and sugar in a sufficiency of water, strain, next day decant, evaporate by a gentle heat to consistence of honey, add the whites of eggs and stir briskly, continuing the evaporation; when almost complete add the orange-flower water, and continue to stir; pour on a marble slab, and keep in a tin box. Cules. 
Gum Arabic Paste. 
R. Gum Arabic, one pound. Dissolve on a water- 
bath, in water, eight fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey. Add 
Whites of eggs, six. Orange-flower water, two ounces. 


77 
ACETOSELL A—ACETUM. 
Beat well together. When sufficiently consistent, run into moulds. Used for the same purposes as last. Beral. 
Syrup of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, two 
two ounces. 
Sugar, fifteen ounces. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the gum in the water without heat, tlien the sugar with a gentle heat, and strain. A good addition to pectoral and other mixtures. U. S. Ph. 1851. 
U. S. Ph. 1851. 
Compound Syrup op Gum Arabic. R. Syrup of gum Arabic, four fl. ounces. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Oil of sassafras, one drop. Hoffman's anodyne, half fl. drachm. Mix. Known as Jackson's cough syrup, and much used in catarrhs, &c. Dose, a tablespoonful every three hours. Jackson. 
Linctus of Gum Arabic. R. Gum Arabic, - on* 
Gum Arabic, - one part. Clarified honey,. three parts. 
Incorporate the gum with the honey. The dose is a teaspoonful occasionally, to relieve irritation of the throat in catarrh. Beral. 
Wendt's Mixture of Gum Arabic. R. Mucilage gum Arabic, 
Linden-flower water, equal parts. Found useful in doses of a teaspoonful every hour in the diarrhoea of infants. Radius. 
Tronchin's Lozenges of Gum Arabic. R. Powdered gum Arabic, eight ounces. Precipitated sulphuret of antimony, Anise, each four scruples. Extract of liquorice, two ouuees. Extract of opium, twelve grains. White sugar, two pounds. Mix, and form lozenges of six grains, one to be used occasionally in catarrh and bronchial affections. Tronchin. 
ACETOSELLA. 
Wood Sorrel. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. Pentag. Nat. Syst. Oxalidacese. Lindley. Oxalis acetosella. Linn. Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 211. Griffith, Med. Bot. 208. 
A native of Europe and the United States. The whole plant is used. It is agreeably acid, from its containing a binoxalate of potassa. It 
is refreshing and cooling, and is said to be useful in scorbutic affections. 
Extract of Wood Sorrel. 
R. Wood sorrel, one part. Bruise in a mortar, express the juice, and pour on the marc, 
Water, three parts. Boil for an hour, express, evaporate, adding the juice, to the consistence of an extract. Acid and bitter. Dose, a scruple to half a drachm. Pideret. 
ACETUM. 
Vinegar. 
Impure and very dilute acetic acid, containing about five per cent, of real acid. It is the result of acetous fermentation of any fluid which is susceptible of vinous fermentation. Il is principally obtained in Europe from malt or weak wine, and in this country from cider. It should be distilled for pharmaceutical use. It is employed internally as a refrigerant and diuretic, and is a grateful addition to diluent drinks in febrile affections. It is also some times used as a clyster. Externally it is bene ficial as a fomentation, and likewise forms a useful addition to gargles and collyria. U. S. Dis 
Vinegar Mixture. 
R. Vinegar, three fl. ounces. 
Honey, two fl. ounces. 
Water, three pints. 
Mix. As a cooling drink in fevers. Ammon. 
R. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 
Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. 
Syrup of raspberries, three fl. ounces. Water, two piuts. 
Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Augustin. 
Mixture of Vinegar and Cardamoms. R. Vinegar, one fl. drachm. Comp. tincture of cardamoms, Simple syrup, each, half a n. ounce. Water, ten fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in such portions as the sto. mach can bear. In sick headache. 
Vinegar Pastilles. 
R. Powdered white sugar, four parts Heat moderately, and add Vinegar, one part. 
Make pastilles. Neuman, 


78 
ACIDUM ACETICUM. 
GrARGLE OP VlNEGAR. 
R. Vinegar, two parts. Honey, Barley water, each, eight parts. 
Mix. As a mouth-wash or gargle in inflamed fauces. Soubeiran. 
R. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. Muriate of ammonia, one drachm. Honey, one and a half fl. ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a gargle in inflamed fauces. Ratier. 
Syrup of Vinegar. 
R. Vinegar, eleven fl. ounces. Sugar, fourteen ounces. 
Boil together. Ed. Ph., 1841. 
Mixed with water, this forms a pleasant and refreshing drink in febrile complaints. Dose, half to one fluidounce. 
Vinegar Cataplasm. 
R. Vinegar, one part. Flour, three parts. 
Make cataplasm. An astringent and antiseptic application. Beral. 
Distilled Vinegar. 
Distil a gallon of vinegar by means of a sandbath, from a glass retort into a glass receiver. Discontinue the process when seven pints shall have been distilled, and keep these for use. U. S. Ph. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM. 
Acetic Acid. (Sp. Gr. 1.041.) R. Acetate of Soda, in 
powder, one pound. Sulphuric acid, half a pound. Red oxide of lead, one drachm. 
Pour the acid into a glass retort, gradually add the acetate of soda, and by means of a sandbath, at a gentle heat, distil the acetic acid, till the residuum becomes dry. Mix the distilled liquid with the red oxide of lead and again distil, .vith a moderate heat, to dryness. U. S. Ph., 1840. 
Diluted Acetic Acid. 
(Sp. Gr. 1.004.) 
R. Acetic acid, (sp. gr. 1.041), a pint. Distilled water, seven pints. 
Mix. 
U. S. Ph. 
Aromatic Vinegar, 
R. Acetic acid, one pint. 
Camphor, two ounces. 
Oil of lavender, one drachm. 
Oil of cinnamon, twenty drops. Oil of cloves, Oil of rosemary, each, thirty drops. 
Mix. Gray. 
R. Acetic acid, one pint. Oil of cloves, one drachm. Oil of rosemary, two scruples. Oil of bergamot, Oil of cinnamon, each, half a drachm. Oil of pimento, twenty-four grains. Oil of lavender, one scruple. Oil of neroli, ten drops. Camphor, one ounce. 
Alcohol, half an ounce. Mix. Cooky. 
Aromatic vinegar is used as a pungent and reviving perfume in fainting, &c. As it is corrosive, it should not be allowed to come in contact with the skin or clothes. It is also prepared in the dry way, as follows: 
R. Crystallized acetate of soda, one drachm. Sulphuric acid, twenty drops. Oil of lemons, Oil of cloves, each, three drops. Mix, and keep in a glass-stoppered bottle. 
Gray. 
R. Dried rosemary, Origanum, each, one ounce. 
Lavender, half an ounce. Bruised cloves, half a drachm. Acetic acid, * 
(1.068), one pint and a half. 
Macerate for seven days, strain, express, and filter. Edin. Ph., 1839. 
Aromatic Spirit of Vinegar. R. Strong acetic acid, one pint. Camphor, two ounces. 
Oil of lavender, nine minims. 
Oil of cinnamon, twenty minims. Oil of cloves, half a drachm. 
Mix. To be kept in a glass-stoppered bottle. Paris Cod. 
Acetic Acid Cataplasm. R. Rye meal, thre< 
Rye meal, three parts. Diluted acetic acid, one part. 
Mix. Used as an application to ill-conditioned 
ulcers. 
Taddei. 


79 
ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPYREUMATICUM — ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. 
Acetic Acid Clyster. 
R. Barley water, six fl. ounces. Diluted acetic 
acid, one to three fl. ounces. Mix. The proportion of diluted acid may be varied according to the indication. Has been advised in obstinate constipation, ileus, &c Swediaur. 
Prophylactic Vinegar. R. Dried rosemary, and sage, each, one ounce. 
Dried lavender flowers, half an ounce. Bruised cloves, half a drachm. Distilled vinegar, two pounds. 
Macerate for seven days, press, and filter. Ed. Ph., 1817. 
This is intended as a substitute for the complicated formula formerly used, for Thieves' vinegar, at one time so celebrated as a preservative against the plague. It has no advantages over it. 
Vinegar of the Four Thieves. R. Wormwood, Roman wormwood, , -r, ' each, one Rosemary, ' , o ¦" > ounce and Sa S e > [ a half Mint, a bfllt ' Rue, Lavender flowers, two ounces. Garlic, Calamus, Cinnamon, > each, two drachms. Cloves, Nutmegs, Distilled vinegar, eight pints. Digest by a moderate heat, in a closely stopped matrass, for twelve days, strain, express, and filter, then add one ounce of camphor dissolved in alcohol. Lewis. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM EMPYREUMATICUM. 
Pyroligneous Acid. (Ed. Ph.) Pyroligneous acid (Sp. Gr. 1.034) is an impure acetic acid, obtained by a destructive distillation of wood. It contains creosote, empyreuinatic oil, &c, and has been employed in gangrene to correct the fetor and to promote the separation of sloughs, and also as an application to unhealthy ulcers. U. S. Dispens. Dunglison, N. R. 6th. ed. p. 13. 
Mouth Wash. 
R. Pyroligneous acid, half a fl. ounce. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of mulberries, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Used as a mouth-wash in cancrum oris. It should be kept in an opaque glass vessel to prevent decomposition. Phoebus. 
Injection of Pyroligneous Acid. R. Pyroligneous acid, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In purulent discharges from the ear. Buchanan. 
Cataplasm of Pyroligneous Acid. R. Bran, half a pound. Linseed meal, one ounce. 
Mix well, and add Pyroligneous acid, q. s., to make a cataplasm. As an application to foul ulcers. Reece. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM CAMPHORATUM. 
Camphorated Acetic Acid. 
This is a mixture of camphor and acetic acid, which might very properly have been placed under the head of acetic acid. But as the Edin. and Dub. Pharmacopoeias recognize it by the above title, we place it separately lor the convenience of reference. 
Camphorated Acetic Acid. 
R. Camphor, half an ounce. Acetic acid, six and a half fl. ouuees. 
Reduce the camphor to powder by means of alcohol, and dissolve it in the acid. The proportions in the Dublin Pharmacopoeia are one ounce to ten. Ed. Ph. 1841. 
Camphorated Vinegar. 
R. Camphor, thirty parts. Vinegar, twelve hundred and fifty 
parts. 
Powder the camphor with a small quantity of strong acetic acid, add the vinegar and set aside for a few days. Then filter. Codex. 
R. Camphor, thirty parts. Distilled vinegar, one thousand parts. 
Dissolve. Raspail. The above substitutes for Henry's aromatic spirit of vinegar, are very pungent perfumes. 
ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. 
White Arsenic. 
Arsenious acid is found in the shops, in the form of semi-transparent or opaque lumps, or in that-of a heavy white powder. It has no smell, and its taste is slightly acrid. It is volatile at a red heat, giving off white fumes of a garlic-like odor. Extremely poisonous and corrosive, even in minute doses. Dose, tc T ' 5 th of a grain. U. S. Dig. 


80 
ACIDUM BENZOICUM 
Arsenical Powder. 
R. White arsenic, one part. Calomel, one hundred and ninety-nine 
parts. 
Mix. Recommended in obstinate cases of lepra and cancerous ulcers. Dupuytren. 
Compound Powder of White Arsenic. R. White arsenic, six drachms. 
six drachms. 
Powdered dragon's blood, two drachms. Animal charcoal, four scruples. Cinnabar, three ouuees. 
Mix, and triturate "Well. Has been used in the same description of cases. Van Mons. 
R. White arsenic, one part. Kino, eight parts. Cinnabar, sixteen parts. 
Mix, and triturate well. Ratier. 
Employed in the French hospitals as a caustic to cancerous sores. 
Arsenical Ointment. 
R. White arsenic, one drachm. Lard, Spermaceti cerate, each, six drachms. 
Melt the cerate and lard by a gentle heat, and add the arsenic; triturate well in a glass mortar till perfectly united. Soubeiran. 
Arsenical Cerate. 
R. Powdered white arsenic, one scruple. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Mix the arsenic with the cerate softened by heat, and triturate well. 
Solution of Arsenic. 
R. White arsenic, one scruple. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. This and the foregoing ointments have been employed as applications to cancerous sores, but are always dangerous from the poisonous symptoms induced by the absorption of the arsenic. 
Arsenical Pills. 
R. White arsenic, two grains. Powdered opium, three grains. White soap, eight grains. Powdered liquorice root, q. s. 
Mix well and divide into twenty pills. Each of these pills contains -r\th of a grain of arsenic. They have been given in doses of one, or two, three times a-day, according to circumstances, in diseases of an intermittent character. EUis. 
Arsenic and Pepper Pills. R. White arsenic, one j 
one grain. 
twelve grains. 
Black pepper, 
Gum Arabic, two grains. Distilled water, q. a. 
Triturate the arsenic and pepper for a long time, add the gum and water, and rub well together. Make twelve pills; each of which will contain T ' 5 th of a grain of arsenic. Guibourt. 
R. White arsenic, fifty-five grains. Powdered black pepper, nine drachms. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight hundred pills. One daily in chronic psoriasis. Cazenave and Schedel. 
Pills of Arsenic and Opium. R. Arsenious acid, two grains. Powdered opium, eight grains. Soap, one scruple. Beat together and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be taken three times a-day. Have been found useful in intermittent fevers, periodical headaches, neuralgia, and lepra. A. T. Thomson. 
ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 
Benzoic Acid. 
R. Benzoin, a pound. Put it into a suitable vessel on a sand-bath, gradually increase the heat, and sublime as long as anything ascends. Wrap the sublimate in bibulous paper, and press, to separate the oil, and again sublime. U. S. Ph. 
Benzoic acid is in the form of white, feathery hexagonal crystals, when pure having no odor, but usually with an agreeable smell from the presence of oil. The taste is acid and acrid. It is converted into hippuric acid, and voided by the urine when taken by man, and has been recommended in the uric acid diathesis and gout, but does not appear to be of any benefit. It has, however, been serviceable in catarrh of the bladder, and where there is a secretion of granular rnucus with phosphates. It is also beneficial as a stimulating expectorant. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 
Mixture of Benzoic Acid and Copaiba. 
R. Benzoic acid, one drachm. Copaiba, half fl. ounce. White of egg, q. s. Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, two tablespoonfuls three times aday. Recommended in chronic dysuria and vesical irritation. Walker. 
Powder of Benzoic Acid and Ipecacuanha. R. Benzoic acid, two scruples. 
six grains. 
Ipecacuanha, 


81 
ACIDUM BORACICUM—ACIDUM CITRICUM. 
Golden sulphur of antimony, three grains. White sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and triturate well. Divide into six powders. Dose, one, four times a-day in barley water. Said to be useful in asthenic pneumonia. Phoebus. 
Mixture op Benzoic Acid. R. Benzoic acid, 
Sulphur, each, one scruple. Ipecacuanha, six grains. Honey, six ounces. Syrup of seneka, Syrup of squills, each, one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in the chronic catarrh of elderly persons. Si. Marie. 
ACIDUM BORACICUM. 
Boracic Acid. 
This is obtained from the native springs in Tuscany; or it may be procured from borax. Dose, ten grains to a drachm. 
R. Powdered borax, forty parts. Boiling water, one hundred parts. 
Dissolve and add 
Muriatic acid, twenty-five parts. Collect the acid, which crystallizes on cooling, on a filter, drain, wash with cold water, and dry at 234° F. If not pure, dissolve and recrystallize. Wackenroder. 
If sulphuric acid be used, as is generally advised, it is almost impossible to free the boracic acid from a trace of it. 
Mixture op Boracic Acid. 
R. Boracic acid, ten grains. Oil of sweet almonds, Syrup of lemons, each, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Advised in cardialgia; to be repeated until a cessation of the pain. Pierquin. 
Collutory with Boracic Acid. R. Cloves, Galangal, I each, Ginger, f two drachms. Peruvian bark, Gum lac, one and a half drachms. Benzoin, Storax, each, half a drachm. Alcohol, six fl. drachms. Acetic acid, one and a half fl. ouuees. Vinegar, five fl. ounces. Macerate, press, and filter, then add 
Boracic acid, 6 
half a drachm. 
This has been recommended as a mouth wash in a scorbutic condition of the gums When used it is to be diluted with water. 
Phoebus. 
ACIDUM CARBONICUM. 
Carbonic Acid. 
This stimulating gas is readily absorbed by water, and advantage has been taken of the fact by retaining it in a liquid form under pressure. The mineral or soda water of the shops is water saturated with carbonic acid gas. 
Carbonic Acid Water. 
By means of a forcing-pump, throw into a suitable receiver, nearly filled with water, a quantity of carbonic acid equal to five times the bulk of the water. U. S. Ph. 
Carbonic acid is readily obtained from marble by means of dilute sulphuric acid. 
This water has a sharp, pungent, and agree able taste. It is much used as a common drink in doses of half a pint. 
ACIDUM CITRICUM. 
Citric Acid. 
This exists naturally in the juices of many fruits ; to obtain it pure, boiling lemon or lime juice is to be saturated with chalk, when carbonic acid is given off, and an insoluble citrate is formed; this is to be washed and decomposed by boiling with dilute sulphuric acid; insoluble sulphate of lime precipitates, and the citric acid remains in solution and crystallizes on evaporation. To purity, dissolve in water and recrystallize. U. S. Dispens. 
Dose, five to twenty grains. 
Artificial Lemon Juice. R. Citric acid, one i 
one ounce. 
Distilled water, fourteen fl. ounces. Oil of lemons, five drops. 
Mix. Beasley. 
Lozenges of Citric Acid. R. Citric acid, three dra 
three drachms. 
White sugar, one pound. Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. 
Triturate well, and add 
Mucilage of tragacanth, 
q s. 
Make lozenges of twelve grains each. Cottereau. 
Syrup of Citrio Acid. 
two drachms, four minims 
R. Citric acid, Oil of lemons, 
Syrup, 
two pints 


82 
ACIDUM CITRICUM—ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM. 
Mix the citric acid and oil of lemons with an ounce of the syrup, then add rest of syrup, and dissolve by a gentle heat U. S. Ph. 
Syrup of Citric Acid. 
R. Citric acid, five drachms. 
Water, ten fl. drachms. Simple syrup, two pounds. Tincture of fresh lemon- 
peel, one fl. drachm. 
Dissolve the acid in the water, mix with the syrup at a boiling heat, and, when cold, add the tincture. Soubeiran. 
Dry Lemonade. 
R. Citric acid, one or two drachms. White sugar, four ounces. Oil of lemons, eight drops. 
Mix well. A spoonful to a tumbler of water. Gray. 
Citrated Effervescing Powders. R. Citric acid, nine drachms. Divide into eighteen powders. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, eleven drachms. 
Bicarbonate of potash, thirteen dr'ms. 
Divide into eighteen powders. Dub. Ph. 
An acid and an alkaline powder are dissolved in separate portions of water, the two solutions are mixed and drank in a state of effervescence. An excellent refrigerant. 
ACIDUM GALLICUM, 
Gallic Acid. 
It is not certain that this acid exists as such in nature, or whether it arises from the decomposition of tannic acid. It is usually prepared from galls. Many processes have been devised. 
R. Decoction of galls, at will. Expose to action of air in a loosely covered vessel for some months; it will grow mouldy, and become covered with a glutinous pellicle, and ga-llic acid will be deposited on the sides of the vessel and on the under surface of the pellicle; collect, dissolve, and recrystallize. 
Scheele. 
This is analogous to the process officinal in the U. S. Ph. 
R. Decoction of galls, at will. Sulphuric acid, sufficient 
to precipitate. Wash the precipitate with and dissolve by aid of heat in diluted sulphuric acid, boii for a few minutes, let cool, and collect the crystals. Liebig. Gallic acid is a powerful astringent, and has been found useful in hemorrhages and fluxes, as well as in checking night sweats in phthisis. 
Dose nve to ten grains. 
Pills op Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid, q. 8. Extract gentian, sufficient 
to form pills of two to five grains each. One to be given every three or four hours. Useful in menorrhagia, hematuria, &c. Dunglison. 
Injection op Gallic Acid. 
R. Gallic acid, one scruple to one drachm. 
Water, two pints. Mix. Found beneficial in Ieucorrhoea. 
Dunglison. 
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM 
DILUTUM. 
Hydrocyanic Acid. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium, two ounces. Sulphuric acid, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, suflicient. 
Mix the acid with four fl. ounces of the water and pour the mixture, when cool, into a glass retort. To this add the ferrocyanuret, previously dissolved in ten fl. ounces of the water. Pour eight fl. ounces of distilled water into a cooled receiver, and having attached the retort, distil on a sand-bath, with a moderate heat, six fl. ounces. Lastly, add to the product, five fl. ounces of distilled water, or as much as will render the acid of such strength, that 100 grains will be accurately saturated by 12.7 grains of nitrate of silver. U. S. Ph. 
Extemporaneous Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Cyanuret of silver, fifty graius and a half. 
Muriatic acid, forty-one grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix the acid with the water, and add the cyanuret, and shake in a well-stopped bottle. Let settle, decant, and keep for use. U. S. Ph. 
This acid should be kept in closely-stopped bottles, protected from the light. It is a transparent, volatile liquid, of a cooling and then somewhat irritating taste, and a peculiar smell. It is the most active poison known, and must be used with extreme caution. It is used as an anodyne and antispasmodic, in many diseases. The dose is from one to two drops mixed with gum water or syrup, always beginning with the smallest quantity and gradually increasing. 
Mixture op Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 
acid, one fl. drachm. 
Distilled water, one pint. Sugar, one ounce aud a-half. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful twice a-day, gradually increasing the dose. Magendie. 


83 
ACIDIM HYDRIODICUM — ACIDUM HYDROSULPHURICUM. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. Water, seven fl. ounces and a-half. 
Dissolve, and add 
Syrup of tolu, half fl. ounce. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, twelve drops. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours in the cough of phthisis. S. G. Morton. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, half a drachm. Powdered sugarcandy, one ounce and a half. Syrup of red cabbage, " Mallow, each, two ounces. " Balsam of tolu, " Maidenhair, each, one ounce. " Poppies, " Cinnamon, each, two drachms. Mix. A dessertspoonful occasionally. Pierquin. 
Syrup op Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydro- 
cyanic acid, four grains and a half. Clarified syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. This contains of a grain of anhydrous acid. Magendie. 
Julep op Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic 
acid, fifteen drops. Hoffman's anodyne, two fl. ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, three fl. 
ounces. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every two hours. Pierquin. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, two to four drops. Syrup of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Infusion of linden, four fl. ounces. Mix. A dessertspoonful every hour. Foy. 
Injection of Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, one part. Distilled water, four parts. In gonorrhoea. Foy. 
Foy. 
Lotion op Hydrocyanic Acid. R. Diluted hydrocyanic 
acid, half fl. ounce. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, ten fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. As lotion, in impetigo. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, two fl. drachms. 
Lettuce water, two pints. Mix. In hepatic affections. Magendie. 
R. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, half fl. drachm. 
Bicarbonate of soda, two drachms. Milk, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. In milky scall. A. T. Thomson. 
ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM. 
Hydriodio Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid, two hundred and sixtyfour grains. Iodide of potassium, three hundred and thirty grains. Dissolve each in one fl. ounce and a half of distilled water. Mix the solutions, shake and let settle, filter, and add distilled water to make up measure of six and a quarter fl. ounces. Buchanan. 
Has the same properties as iodine, of which each fl. drachm contains five grains; dose, at first a few drops, gradually increased to half a fl. ounce three times a-day. 
ACIDUM HYDROSULPHU- 
111C U M. 
Sulphuretted Hydrogen. R. Sulphuret of iron, 
Sulphuric acid, equal parts. Pulverize the sulphuret, and gradually pour on it the acid diluted with three times its weight of water, and collect the gas; or it may be passed through water to saturation. Van Mons. 
This gas is an active poison, but has been administered in colica pictonum and mercurial affections. It is, however, more employed externally in cutaneous diseases. 
Hydrosulphuretted Bath. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, one pint. Dissolve, and add 
Muriatic acid, two drachms. Pour the whole into the bath. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin, rheumatism, and certain cases of paralysis. Cadet he Gassicouit. 
Artificial Sulphuretted Water R. Carbonate of soda, twelve grains. Liquid hydrosulphuric acid, two pints. Water, six pints To be kept in well-closed bottles. Has been recommended in colica pictonum. Foy 


84 
ACIDUM LACTICUM — ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
Hydrosulphuretted Lotion. R. Sulphuret of 
potassium, twenty-four parts. Water, two hundred and fifty parts. 
Dissolve, and add 
Sulphuric acid, one part. Used as a wash in chronic diseases of the skin. 
Dupuytren. 
ACIDUM LACTICUM. 
Lactic Acid. 
R. Sugar, six pounds. Tartaric acid, half an ounce. Boiling water, twenty-six pounds. 
Mix, set aside for a few days, then add 
Old stinking cheese, eight ounces, well diffused in 
Curdled acid skimmed 
milk, eight pounds. Powdered chalk, three pounds. 
Place in a warm situation, so as to keep the mixture at a temperature of 86° to 95°. Stir often ; in eight or ten days it will solidify into a stiff paste of lactate of lime; now add twenty pounds of boiling water, and half an ounce of caustic lime, boil for half an hour, and filter through linen. Evaporate the liquid to the consistence of syrup, and set aside for four days; remove the lactate of lime, express, agitate with one-tenth of cold water, and express, repeating this operation two or three times. Now dissolve in twice its weight of boiling water, and for every pound of the lactate, add three and a-half ounces of sulphuric acid diluted with an equal weight of water. Filter the hot liquid through a bag, and boil it with one pound and threeeighths of carbonate of zinc, for every pound of sulphuric acid, for a quarter of an hour. Filter whilst boiling hot, and let stand to crystallize; remove these crystalline crusts of lactate of zinc, and wash them with cold water. Then dissolve them in seven and a half parts of boiling water, and pass through the solution a current of sulphuretted hydrogen, till sulphuret of zinc no longer separates. Filter, boil the liquid, to expel the excess of sulphuretted hydrogen, and evaporate on a water-bath to the consistence of syrup. Benech. 
The juice of beets is to be permitted to ferment for two months in a warm place, then evaporate to the consistence of syrup, treat with alcohol, evaporate, dissolve the residuum in water, saturate, filter, concentrate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals in water, purify by boiling with animal charcoal, filter whilst hot, treat with baryta and then with sulphuric acid; the lactic acid will be set free, and may be concentrated in vacuo. Cottereau. 
Lactic acid is in the form of a colorless syrup, trodorou*, but of a very sour taste. It attracts 
moisture from the air. It has been recom. mended by Magendie in dyspepsia, and may, perhaps, be useful in a phosphatic diathesis. Dose, five grains. 
Lozenges op Lactic Acid. 
R. Lactic acid, two fl. drachms. Powdered white sugar, one ounce. Gum tragacanth, q. s. Oil of vanilla, four drops. 
Mix, and form pastilles of half a drachm each, of which three to six may be taken during the day. They should be kept dry. Magendie. 
Lemonade of Lactic Acid. 
R. Lactic acid, one to four fl. drachms. Simple syrup, two fl. ounces. Water, two pints. 
Mix. Dose, a cupful several times a-day. Magendie. 
ACIDUM MURIATICUM. 
Muriatic Acid. 
Prepared by distilling common salt in a glass retort with sulphuric acid and water. It has a density of 1.16, a suffocating odor, an acrid and sour taste. It is very volatile. It gives a curdy, white precipitate with nitrate of silver. It is never given internally except in a diluted form. 
Diluted Muriatic Acid. 
(Sp. Gr. 1.046.) 
R. Muriatic acid, four fl. ounces. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, twenty drops in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. 
Gaseous Muriatic Acid. R. Common salt, two 
Common salt, two parts. Sulphuric acid, three parts. 
Mix. The muriatic acid fumes that arise are considered to be disinfectant, but are much inferior to chlorine. Swediaur. 
Muriatic Acid Bath. R. Muriatic acid, ten fl. 
ten fl. ounces. 
Water, fifty gallons. 
Mix. Found useful in some chronic diseases of the skin. Soubeiran. 
Soubeiran. 
Muriatic Acid Gargle. 
R. Muriatic acid, two fl. drachms. Honey, two fl ounces. Barley water, one pint. 
Mix. Useful in the angina of scarlet fever, and in ulceration of the mouth and throat. 
Ratier. 


ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
85 
-f- 
Muriatic Acid Lotion. R. Muriatic acid, 01 
Muriatic acid, one part. Water, sixteen parts. 
Mix. Advised as a wash for chilblains, and also found beneficial in lepra and other skin diseases. Foy. 
Muriatic Acid Pediluvium. 
R. Muriatic acid, two fl. ounces. Water, eight pints. 
Mix. Advised by Scott and others in chronic enlargements of the liver and spleen. Beral. 
Muriatic Acid Draught. 
R. Muriatic acid, ten to twenty drops. Barley water, eight ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful three or four times a day. Has been advised in stone in the bladder. Ellis. 
Muriatic Acid Liniment. 
R. Balsam Peru, one drachm. Spermaceti, White wax, Muriatic acid, each, two drachms. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. Water, six fl. ounces. 
Rub well together. To be applied twice a day. Ratier. 
ACIDUM NITRICUM. 
Nitric Acid. 
Nitric acid of the specific gravity 1.42. 
Diluted Nitric Acid. R. Nitric acid, 
(sp. gr. 1.42), - one fl. ounce Distilled water, six fl. ounces 
Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in sweetened water, three times a day. U. S. Ph. 
The sp. gr. of diluted nitric acid is 1.07 
Collutory of Nitric Acid. 
R. Nitric acid, one fl. scruple. Honey of roses, Syrup of mulberries, each, half. fl. ounce. Mix. To touch obstinate venereal ulcers in the 
mouth. Phoebus. 
POMENTATION OF NlTRIC ACID. R. Nitric acid, one part. Distilled water, ninety-six parts. 
Mix. Used to destroy the fetid smell of foul ulcers; also as a wash in itch. Soubeiran. 
Lotion of Nitric Acid. 
R. Nitric acid, half to one fl. drachm. Laudanum one fl. drachm. Rose wate., six fl. ounces. 
Mix. To wash venereal ulcers. Phoebus. 
Nitric Acid Mixture 
R. Nitric acid, two fl. drachms. 
Raspberry syrup, three fl. ounces. Sugar, three ounces. 
Water, two pints. 
A wineglassful, with as much Seltzer water, in fetid breath. Cadet. 
R. Nitric acid, half fl. drachm. 
Water, one pint and a half. Syrup of cinnamon, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. In syphilis, chronic hepatitis, &c. A spoonful every two or three hours. Augustin. 
R. Nitric acid, two fl. scruples. Opium, two grains. Water, two fl. ounces. 
Syrup of cinnamon, half fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in barley water. In dysentery, cholera, &.c. Ammon. 
R. Nitric acid, half fl. drachm. 
Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, three drachms. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. A small tablespoonful in water, as occasion may require. As a tonic, to arrest colliquative sweats, &c. Ellis. 
Ointment of Nitric Acid. 
R. Olive oil, one pound. Lard, four ounces. Nitric acid, five fl. drachms and a half. 
Melt the oil and lard together in a glass vessel; when, on cooling, they begin to stiffen, add the acid, and stir. Used as an application to porrigo, psora, &c. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Liniment of Nitric Acid. 
R. Nitric acid, two fl. ounces. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces Theriac, three drachma. Honey, one ounce. 
Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Mix. As a rubefacient, has been used in cholera. Foy. 


86 
ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATICUM —ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 
ACIDUM NITRO-MURIATICUM. 
Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 
R. Nitric acid, by measure, one part. Muriatic acid, " two parts. 
Mix in a refrigerated bottle, and keep in a cool, dark place. Dub. Ph. Dose, three or four drops. 
Nitro-Muriatic Acid Bath. 
R. Nitro-muriatic acid, six fl. ounces. Water, three gallons. 
Mix. Recommended by Scott as a foot-bath in chronic hepatitis. 
ACIDUM OXALICUM. 
Oxalic Acid. 
This acid exists in many plants in combination with lime or potash, but is usually obtained by the action of nitric acid on sugar or starch. It is in the form of colorless, transparent, prismatic crystals, having no odor, but a very acid taste. This acid is an active poison in large doses. It is not used in medicine in this country, but is employed in France. 
Lozenges op Oxalic Acid. 
R. Powdered oxalic acid, one drachm. White sugar, eight ounces. Gum tragacanth, two scruples. Water of orange-peel, five fl. drachms. Oil of lemons, eight drops. 
Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Cottereau. 
ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 
Phosphoric Acid. R. Bones, calcined to 
whiteness, five parts. Sulphuric acid, three parts. Water, thirty parts. 
Mix, and boil for an hour, constantly stirring, strain, evaporate the fluid to consistence of honey, pour on an oiled slab, and when cold break in pieces. Van Mons. 
This affords not pure phosphoric acid, but an acid phosphate of lime, yet is the formula recognized by the Batavian, Russian, Prussian, Saxon, &c, Pharmacopoeias. 
R. Phosphorus, one part. Water, two parts. Nitric acid, eight parts. 
the phosphorus in small pieces, and add it vcrr gradually to the acid, placed on a sand- 
bath ; when all the phosphorus has been changed into an acid, evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Guibourt. 
Diluted Phosphoric Acid. 
R. Phosphorus, six drachms. Nitric acid, (sp. gr. 1.42), four fl. ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ouuees. Add the phosphorus gradually to the nitric acid and water in a retort, on a sand-bath, apply heat, and distil six fl. ounces. Pour these back into the retort and again distil six fl. ounces, which reject. Evaporate the residue in a platinum crucible to two ounces. When cold, add as much distilled water as will make a pint (Imp.) and mix. Its sp. gr. is 1.064. London Ph. 
This acid is stated to be useful in nervous disorders, in lithiasis with phosphatic deposits, in morbid ossifications, in diabetes, to allay thirst, &c, and as a local application in caries. The dose of the dilute acid is from ten drops to a fl. drachm in gum water. 
Pills op Phosphoric Acid. R. Diluted phosphoric acid, Assafcetida, each, three drachms. Powdered calamus, q. s. Make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, five to ten, three times a-day. Recommended in caries. Phoebus. 
Fomentation op Phosphoric Acid. R. Diluted phosphoric acid, one ounce. Decoction of chamomile, eight ounces. Mix. Employed in caries, and as an injection in fistulas. Augustin. 
Phosphoric Tincture op Myrrh. R. Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. Diluted phosphoric acid, thirty drops. Mix. Used in caries of the teeth or bones. 
Augustin. 
Phosphoric Acid Lemonade. 
R. Diluted phosphoric acid, twenty-four drops. Simple syrup, two ounces. Water, two pints. Mix. Dose, about an ounce, to relieve thirst in 
diabetes. Ratier. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 
Sulphuric Acid. 
Dilute Sulphuric Acid (Sp. Gr. 1.09). R. Sulphuric acid, one fl. ounce. Water, thirteen fl. ounces. 


87 
ACIDUM TANNICUM 
Add the acid gradually to the water in a glass vessel, and mix them. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty drops. 
Elixir of Vitriol 
R. Sulphuric acid, three and a half fl. ounces. 
Ginger, bruised, one ounce. 
Cinnamon, bruised, one ounce and a half. 
Alcohol, sufficient. Gradually add the acid to a pint of alcohol. Place the ginger and cinnamon in a percolator, and pour alcohol upon them until a pint of tincture is obtained. Then mix the diluted acid and the tincture. Dose, ten to twenty drops in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. 
Sulphuric Acid and Alcohol. 
R. Sulphuric acid, four ounces. Acetic acid, Alcohol, each, two pounds. 
Mix. Vulnerary, antiseptic, and astringent. Dose, internally, twenty or thirty drops, in an appropriate vehicle. Externally, as a lotion to foul ulcers and contusions, and to arrest bleeding. Campana. 
Sulphuric Acid and Nitric Ether. R. Sulphuric acid, 
Nitric ether, equal parts. Mix very gradually. Dose, five to ten drops in in ounce of water. Found beneficial in spasmodic attacks, sinking, and hemorrhages. Vogler. 
Sulphuric Acid Lemonade. 
R. Sulphuric acid, one part. Simple syrup, thirty-two parts. Water, oue hundred and sixty parts. 
Mix. As a cooling drink in hemorrhages, and also found useful as a preventive of the effects of lead. Beral. 
Sulphuric Acid Liniment. 
R. Sulphuric acid, two drachms. Olive oil, two and a half ounces. Oil of turpentine, one ounce. 
Mix. In gentle frictions to chilblains, where the skin is not broken. Foy. 
Sulphuric Acid Ointment. 
R. Olive oil, eight parts. Add gradually, constantly stirring, Sulphuric add, five parts. After standing for twep*y-four hours, wash well in tepid water, tiJ 1 . it will not redden litmus paper. Has been iwed m itch and paralysis, in frictions. Brugnatelli. 
ACIDUM TANNICUM. 
Tannic Acid. 
R. Powdered galls, Sulphuric ether, of each a sufficient 
quantity. 
Put into a glass adapter, loosely closed at its lower end with carded cotton, sufficient galls to fill about one-half of it, pressing the powder slightly. Then fit the adapter accurately to a receiver, fill it with sulphuric ether, previously washed with water, and close the upper end slightly with a cork. The liquid which passes into the receiver separates into two portions, the lower being the smaller and denser. Pour on additional ether until the lower stratum of liquid in the receiver no longer increases. Separate this, and evaporate to dryness in a capsule by a moderate heat, and reduce to powder. JJ. S. Ph. 
Tannic acid is of a yellowish-white color, of a powerfully astringent taste, soluble in water, less so in alcohol or ether. It is a strong astringent, and has been successfully used in hemorrhages and other fluxes. The dose is from two to ten grains. 
Pills of Tannic Acid. ' R. Tannic acid, . six grains. Gum Arabic, twelve grains. White sugar, seventy-two grains. Triturate well, and add Simple syrup, sufficient 
to make pills of four grains each. Dose, one to four, morning and evening. Beral. 
R. Tannic acid, eight or twelve grains. Mucilage, sufficient 
to make eight pills. One to be given every two or three hours, in gonorrhoea. Ellis. 
Pills op Tannic Acid and Opium. 
R. Tannic acid, half a drachm. Extract of 
opium, three-quarters of a grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient 
to make twenty pills. One every hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dumars. 
Gargle of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid, one drachm. Honey of roses, two ounces. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a gargle, to arrest mercurial saliva, tion. Beral. 
Injection of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid, half a drachm Distilled water, eight fl. ounces 
Dissolve. In gleet and leucorrhopa. Beral 


88 
ACIDUM TARTARICUM—ACONITUM. 
Mixture of Tannic Acid. 
R. Tannic acid, twelve grains. Syrup of rhatany, Syrup of gum, each, one fl. ounce. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Six to twelve spoonfuls a-day, in diarrhoea. Beral. 
Ointment of Tannic Acid. R. Tannic acid, 
Distilled water, each, two drachms. Dissolve and rub well with 
Lard, twelve drachms. 
ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 
Tartaric Acid. 
Is prepared from bi-tartrate of potash, by saturating the excess of acid with chalk, and decomposing the insoluble tartrate of lime by means of dilute sulphuric acid, evaporating and crystallizing. It is cooling and diuretic in doses of a drachm or more. 
Syrup of Tartaric Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid, ten parts. Distilled water, twenty parts. 
Dissolve and mix with 
Boiling syrup, five hundred parts. 
Codex. 
Lozenges of Tartaric Acid. 
R. Powdered tartaric acid, three drachms. White sugar, one pound. Oil of lemons, sixteen drops. Mucilage of tragacanth, suflicient. 
Make into lozenges of twelve grains. Used to allay thirst Cottereau, 
Lemonade of Tartaric Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid, one drachm. White sugar, one ounce. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. For an agreeable acidulous drink. Foy. 
Effervescing Powders. R. Tartaric acid, one 
one ounce. 
Divide into sixteen powders. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, one ounce and fifty-four grains. 
or, Bicarbonate of potash, one ounce and one hundred and sixty grains. Divide into sixteen powders. 
An acid and an alkaline powder are separately dissolved in water, and the mixed solutions are taken in a state of effervescence. 
Ed. Ph. 
ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. 
Valerianic Acid. 
R. Valerian, forty pounds. Distilled water, three hundred and twenty pints. 
Distil, collect the oil, continuing the distillation as long as the water is acid. Agitate the oil with milk of lime; nearly saturate the acidwater by milk of lime, first adding that already used, and then fresh; and, lastly, add lime-water to excess. Concentrate till a pellicle appears, then decompose by nitric acid in a long, narrow flask with a ground stopper, decant the valerianic acid, which floats on the liquid, and distil it with a gentle heat till the distilled fluid ceases to be oily. P. L. Bonaparte. 
R. Valerian, at will. 
Boil the root for three or four hours with rather more than its bulk of water, in which an ounce of carbonate of soda is dissolved for every pound of the root, replacing the water as it evaporates. Express strongly ; boil the residue twice with the same quantity of water, expressing each time. Mix the liquids, add two fl. drachms of strong sulphuric acid for every pound of the root, and distil till three-fourths of the liquid have passed over. Neutralize this by carbonate of soda, concentrate, decompose the valerianate of soda by sulphuric acid, and separate the free valerianic acid by distillation. T. and H. Smith. 
Valerianic acid may also be obtained from the valerianate of soda, which is now officinal in tbe Dublin Pharmacopoeia. (1854.) 
ACONITUM. 
Aconite. Monkshood. 
Many species of Aconitum are officinal in the various pharmacopoeias, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the A. napellus, a native of Europe. 
Sext. Syst. Polyand. Trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranunculacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 751. Griffith, Med. Bot. 90. 
The whole plant is possessed of highly deleterious properties, but the root is the most pow erful. The leaves are also made use of. They have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, followed by a peculiar tingling and burning of the lips. They owe their properties to the presence of a peculiar principle called Aconitia. 


89 
ACONITUM. 
Compound Powder op Aconite. R. Powdered aconite leaves, 
Precip. sulph. of antimon., each, one grain. Carbonate of magnesia, one scruple. Mix. As an anodyne and diaphoretic in gout and rheumatism. Vogler. 
Extract of Aconite. 
R. Recent leaves of aconite, one pound. Moisten with water, bruise in a stone mortar, express the juice, and evaporate to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
R. Recent leaves of aconite, a sufficient quantity. 
Beat to a pulp, express the juice; subject the residuum to displacement with rectified spirit, as long as the liquid is colored; unite the juice and the tincture; filter; distil off the spirit, and evaporate to a proper consistence on a vaporbath. E. Ph. 
Both are uncertain preparations; when good, they should cause a numbness and tingling of the lips, in a few minutes after taking. Dose, one to two grains, to be gradually increased. 
Alcoholic Extract of Aconite. 
R. Aconite leaves, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. 
Make a tincture by displacement; distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. ' V. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-sixth to one-half of a grain. 
Pills of Extract of Aconite. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite, one grain. Powdered liquorice, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient 
to form a consistent mass. Divide into six pills. Dose, one every three or four hours. Turnbull. 
Aconite Plaster. 
R. A small portion of the alcoholic extract spread over the surface of common adhesive plaster. 
This has been highly recommended in neuralgia, over the painful part. Curtis. 
R. Coarsely powdered aconite root, four ounces. Alcohol, sp. gr. .835, sufficient. Adhesive plaster, three ounces and a half. Moisten the aconite root with six ounces of alcohol, and permit it to macerate twenty-four hours; then put it in a small displacer, and 
when properly packed, poor on gradually suffi cient alcohol to make a pint of tincture. Distil off three-fourths of the alcohol, evaporate the residue on a water-bath to a thick, syrupy consistence, then add the plaster previously liquified, and stir constantly, until it is properly incorporated with the soft resinous extract and cools. 
This plaster should be spread in a thin stratum on skin or oiled silk. W. Procter, Jr. 
Aconite Ointment. 
R. Alcohol, extract of aconite, one part. Lard, two parts. 
Recommended as a friction in neuralgia. Turnbull. 
Compound Wine of Aconite. 
R. Alcohol, extract of 
aconite, one drachm. Antimonial wine, one ounce. 
Make a solution. Dose, fifteen or twenty drops every three hours, gradually increasing till some effect is produced. 
Found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, toothache, neuralgia, &c. Richter. 
Tincture of Aconite Leaves. 
R. Aconite leaves, four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter; or prepare by displacement. Dose, ten to twenty drops three times a-day. The effects should be carefully watched. In rheumatism, neuralgia, &c. It is also employed as an embrocation to the painful spots, by means of a small piece of sponge attached to a handle. U. S. Ph. 
Tincture op Aconite Root. 
R. Bruised aconite root, one pound. Alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Or it may be prepared by displacement. Dose, five to eight drops. U. S. Ph. 
Liniment of Aconite Root. 
R. Powdered aconite root, four ounces. Glycerin, two fl. drachms. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Macerate the aconite with half-a-pint of alcohol for twenty-four hours, then pack it in a small displacer, and add alcohol gradually, until a pint of tincture has passed. Distil off twelve fluid ounces, and evaporate the residue to twelve fluid drachms. To this add two fluid drachma of alcohol and the glycerin, and mix them. 
W. Procter, J*. 


90 
ACONITI A — ADIANTTJM. 
? 
Brush over a piece of lint or muslin, of the size of the part to be treated, with the liniment, apply this to the surface, and cover it with a piece of oiled silk and a bandage. 
Ammoniated Extract op Aconite. R. Alcohol, extract of 
aconite, one drachm. Water of ammonia, ten drops. 
Evaporate gently, to expel excess of ammonia. 
Ammoniated Aconite Ointment. R. Ammon. extract of 
aconite, one drachm. Lard, three drachms. 
Rub well together. Used for the same purposes as the aconite ointment, but more active and pungent. Turnbull. 
Mixture op Aconite R. Tincture of aconite 
leaves, one fl. drachm. Carbonate of soda, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of mag' • __ _1 - 
nesia, one ounce and a half. Water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. In gastralgia. A tablespoonful, when the pain is urgent. Fleming. 
ACONITI A. 
Aconitine 
R. Aconite root, dried and bruised, two pounds. Alcohol, three gallons. Diluted sulphuric > acid, Solution of am- , «. . , y each, sufficient, monia, [ ' Purified animal charcoal, Boil the aconite with a gallon of the alcohol, for an hour, in a retort attached to a receiver. Pour off the tincture, and repeat the operation a second and third time. Then express, mix Ihe tinctures, filter, and distil off the alcohol. Evaporate the residue by a water-bath to consistence of an extract. Dissolve this in water, end filter. Evaporate the solution with a gentle iieat to consistence of syrup. Add to it the diluted acid mixed with distilled water. Drop in the solution of ammonia, and dissolve the precipitated aconitia in diluted sulphuric acid mixed will water. Then add the animal charcoal, occasionally shaking, for a quarter of an hour. Lastly, filter, and, having again dropped in the solution of ammonia, wash the precipitate and dry it U. S. Fh. 
Not used internally, but successfully employed externally in neuralgia, gout, and rheumatism. 
Aconitine Ointment. R. Aconitine, tw 
two grains, six drops. 
Alcohol, 
Rub well together, and add, Lard, 
one drachm. 
Turnbull. 
R. Aconitine, sixteen grains. Olive oil, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Incorporate thoroughly. Turnbull. These ointments are employed as frictions in neuralgia, over the painful parts. A small portion, not exceeding the size of a pea, is to be used at a time. The operation to be repcated three or four times a-day. 
Aconitine Lotion. 
R. Aconitine, eight grains. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Used by means of a friction-sponge over the affected part. Never to be employed where the skin is broken or abraded. 
Turnbull. 
ADIANTTJM. 
Maidenhair. 
Two species of this genus, A. pedatum and A. capillas veneris have been much used in Europe as remedies in pectoral affections. They are both bitter and aromatic, but the former is the most active, and is a native of the United States. 
Sex. Syst. Cryp. Fil. Nat. Syst. Polypodiacea?. 
Infusion op Maidenhair. R. Maidenhair, three dra 
three drachms. 
Liquorice root, two drachms. 
Water, sufficient 
to obtain two pints of infusion. As a drink in catarrh. 
Syrup of Maidenhair. 
R. Maidenhair, four ounces. Boiling water, three pints. 
Infuse for two hours, strain, and add Sugar, four pounds. 
Clarify with white of egg, and add 
Maidenhair, two ounces. Digest for two hours, and strain. Cottereau. 
This syrup is known under the name of syrup of capillaire, and is much employed in Europe as a pectoral. Dose, a tablespoonful. 


¦ETHER ACETICUS—.ETHER HYPONITROSTJS. 
91 
Compound Syrup op Maidenhair. 
R. Maidenhair, five ounces. 
Marsh mallow, two drachms. 
Asparagus root, one ounce. 
Liquorice root, two ounces. 
Water, two pints. 
Boil to a pint and a half, express, strain, clarify and add 
Sugar, thirty-two ounces. 
Make syrup. Wurtemburg Ph. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 
iETHER ACETICUS. 
Acetic Ether. R. Alcohol (sp. gr. .835), three thousand 
parts. Acetic acid (10°), two thousand 
parts. Sulphuric acid, six hundred and twentyfive parts. 
Mix the alcohol and acetic acid in a glass retort, add gradually the other acid, distil in a sandbath four thousand parts, rectify this product with a small quantity of carbonate of potassa to obtain three thousand parts. Codex. 
This ether is milder, more agreeable and diaphoretic, than the other ethers. It is used in low fevers, spasmodic vomiting, and cardialgia, in doses of ten drops to a drachm. 
Spirit op Acetic Ether. 
R. Acetic ether, one part. Alcohol, three parts. 
Mix. This is employed as a substitute for Hoffmann's anodyne, in about the same doses. Giordano. 
Mixture op Acetic Ether. R. Acetic ether, 
Ethereal tincture of valerian, Tincture of opium, equal parts. 
Mix. Dose, from ten to thirty drops, in hysteria and hypochondriasis. Radius. 
AETHER HYPONITROSUS. 
Nitrous Ether. 
R. Rectified spirit, fifteen fl. ounces. Pure nitric acid (1.500), seven fl. ounces. 
Put the spirit with a little clean sand into a twopint matrass, fitted with a cork, through which 
are passed a safety-tube, terminating an inch above the spirit, and another tube leading to a refrigerator. The safety-tube being filled with pure nitric acid, add through it gradually three and a half fl. ounces of the acid. When the ebullition which ensues is nearly over, add the rest of the acid gradually, half a fl. ounce at a time, waiting till the ebullition which slowly arises has subsided, and cooling the refrigerator with a stream of water. The ether which distils over, being received in a bottle, is to be agitated first with a little milk of lime, till it peases to redden litmus paper, and then with half its volume of a concentrated solution of muriate of lime. Edin. Ph. 
This ether is stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, and diuretic. The dose is from ten to forty drops. Its sp. gr. is 0.899. 
Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 
R. Hyponitrous ether (0.899), one part. Rectified spirit, four parts. 
Mix. (Sp. gr. 0.847.) Edin. Ph. R. Nitrate of potassa, in 
powder, two pounds. Sulphuric acid, a pound and a half. 
Alcohol, nine pints and a half. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Carbonate of potassa, one ounce. 
Mix the nitrate of potassa and the alcohol in a glass retort, and, having gradually added the acid, digest with a gentle heat for two hours; then raise the heat and distil a gallon. To the distilled liquor add the diluted alcohol and carbonate of potassa, and again distil a gallon. (Sp. gr. 0.834.) ' U. S. Ph. 
¦ Diuretic, diaphoretic, and carminative. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 
Mixture of Sweet Spirit op Nitre. R. Sweet spirit of nitre, one fl. drachm. Hoffmann's anodyne, Aromatic ammoniated 
alcohol, each, two fl. drachms. Mint-water, ( six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful occasionally. Brera. 
Mixture op Hyponitrous Ether. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain six ounces of infusion. Strain and add 
Hyponitrous ether, one fl. drachm. Extract of juniper berries, one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours, in the dropsical swellings consecutive to scar, latina. . Radius, 


92 
jETHER HYDROCYANICUS—JETHER SULPHURICUS. 
.ETHER HYDROCYANICUS. 
Hydrocyanic Ether. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium, Sulpho-vinate of barytes, equal parts. Mix, and put in a glass retort, distil by a moderate heat. The product separates into two strata, the lighter of which is impure hydrocyanic ether; this is to be separated and agitated with four or five times its bulk of water at 120° to 140° F., again agitated with a little water, decanted, and placed in contact with chloride of lime for twenty-four hours, and then distilled. 
Sp. gr. 0.78. Magendie. 
This preparation is said to resemble hydrocyanic acid in its therapeutical effects, but is less active. Its smell is, however, penetrating and offensive. The dose is one to three drops, in mucilage or emulsion, in obstinate or convulsive coughs. 
.ETHER MURIATICUS. 
Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic acid, Alcohol, equal parts. Distil in a Wolff's apparatus, and preserve the product contained in the second receiver, surrounded By snow and salt. Cottereau. 
It has much the same properties as the other ethers. Dose, thirty to forty drops. 
Spirit of Muriatic Ether. R. Muriatic ether, 
Alcohol, equal parts. Mix. Dose, half a teaspoonful. Cottereau. 
Mixture of Muriatic Ether. R. Spirit of muriatic ether, half a fl. drachm. 
Parsley water, Syrup of rhubarb, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour for young children as a diuretic. Wendt. 
EITHER (U. S.) — iETHER SUL- 
PHURICUS.— (Ed. E.) 
Sulphuric Ether. 
This is commonly known under the name of ether. It is an energetic diffusible stimulant, and is much employed as an excitant and antispasmodic in what are termed nervous disoraers. It is also considered to be anthelmintic. In vapor it has been used in small 
quantities as an inhalation in chronic irritations of the lungs, and of late under the name of letheon to induce unconsciousness to pain in surgical operations. The dose of the fluid is from half a fl. drachm to two drachms. When employed as an inhalation it should be purified. (Sp. gr. .750.) 
Rectified Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether, fourteen fl. ounces. Potassa, half an ounce. Distilled water, eleven fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the potassa in two fl. ounces of the water, and add the ether to the solution, shaking well; then distil at 120° F. twelve ounces of rectified ether. Shake the distilled fluid with nine fl. ounces of water, and set them by for the water to subside, then pour off the ether and keep in a well-closed bottle. 
Ethereal Oil. (Oil of Wine.) 
R. Alcohol, two parts. Sulphuric acid, four parts. 
Mix. Distil till a black froth begins to arise remove the retort from the fire, when cool, add water to the fluid in the receiver, and remove the oil that may float on the surface. Agitate this with a solution of potassa, and separate the ethereal oil. Van Mons. 
Spirit of Sulphuric Ether. R. Sulphuric ether, one j 
Sulphuric ether, one pint. Alcohol, two pints. 
Mix. Ed. Ph. 
Hoffmann's Anodyne. R. Sulphuric ether, hal: 
Sulphuric ether, half a pint. Alcohol, one pint. Ethereal oil, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. V. S. Ph. 
Dose, a teaspoonful in sweetened water. 
Lotion op Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether, two fl. ounces. Vinegar, six fl. ounces. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Distilled water, two pints. 
Mix. As a lotion to painful inflammatory tumors. Pierquin. 
Syrup op Sulphuric Ether. 
R. Sulphuric ether, one fl. ounce. Syrup, one pint 
Mix in a glass vessel, having a stop-cock at the lower part; shake occasionally for a week, and draw off when clear into small bottles. 
Par. Cod. 
Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 


93 
JETHER TEREBINTHINATUS —ALLIUM —ALOE. 
R. White sugar, twenty-one ounces. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Sulphuric ether, two fl. ounces. 
Mix, and pour into a closed flask, agitate for some minutes, and add 
Distilled water, six ounces. 
Agitate occasionally for five days, filter in a covered funnel. Paton. 
Mixture op Sulphuric Ether and Camphor. 
R. Camphor mixture, seven fl. ounces. Sulphuric ether, Syrup of saffron, each, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Mixture of Sulphuric Ether and Turpentine. 
R. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Sugar, four drachms. Water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two fl. drachms every quarter of an hour in poisoning by nux vomica. Orfila. 
.ETHER TEREBINTHINATUS. Terebinthinated Ether. 
R. Alcohol, two pounds. Spirit of turpentine, half a pound. 
Mix, and add gradually 
Nitric acid, two pounds. Distil off one-half at a gentle heat. Dose, from twenty to forty drops, in syrup or mucilage. Used internally and externally in cases of biliary calculi, jaundice, engorgements of the liver, and rheumatism. Cadet. 
ALETRIS. 
Star Grass. 
Aletris farinosa. Linn. Bigelow. Am. Med. Bot. iii. 50. Griffith, Med. Bot. 623. Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. Syst. Htemodoracea?. Brown. 
A native plant, with an intensely bitter root, which is the officinal portion. The powder is tonic in doses of ten grains. 
Tincture of Aletris. 
R. Aletris root, bruised, three ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Make tincture by displacement. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce in colic, and in smaller doses in chronic rheumatism. 
ALLIUM. 
Garlic. 
Several species of Allium have been employed in medicine, but the most important, and that recognized by the Pharmacopoeia, is A. sativum. Linn. Griffith, Med. Bot. V?53. The part used is the bulb, which is composed of several bulblets or cloves (spica), surrounded by a dry, white, thin capsular membrane. These cloves have a peculiar odor, and an acrid and pungent taste. The properties depend on the presence of a volatile oil, and are lost on drying. Sex. Syst. Hex. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. Garlic is a stimulating expectorant; diuretic and diaphoretic when given internally, and acts as an irritant, or even vesicant, when applied externally. The dose in substance is from half a drachm to a drachm, or more. 
Syrup of Garlic. 
R. Fresh garlic, . six ounces. Diluted acetic acid, one pint. Sugar, two pounds. 
Macerate the garlic in ten ounces of acid, in a glass vessel for four days, and express. Then add remainder of acid to dregs, and again express. Add sugar and form syrup. U. S. Ph. 
As an expectorant in chronic catarrhs, well suited for children. Dose, for a child, about a teaspoonful, 
Cataplasm op Garlic. 
Bruised cloves of garlic, mixed with common bread and milk poultice, in different proportions. Used as a revulsive, but less active than the mustard cataplasm. 
Liniment op Garlic. 
R. Garlic, Lard, equal parts. 
To be well rubbed together. Has been recommended as a revulsive in infantile nervous and convulsive disorders. Gassicourt 
Capillary Lotion. 
R. Garlic, three or four cloves Alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for thirty-six hours, filter, and add of Burdock, eight ounces. 
The head to be sponged with this every evening, for some weeks. It is said to be efficient to promote the growth of hair. Phoebus. 
ALOE. 
Aloes. 
Under this name are included the inspissated juices of several species of Aloe, and especially of A. vulgaris, A. socotrina, and A. spicata. Sex. Syst. Hexandria monogynia. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 


94 
ALOE 
Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 113. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 649. 
Three varieties of aloes are found in the shops, the Cape, Socotrine, and Hepatic. The second, when genuine, is the most esteemed, but the first is by far the most abundant, and, when good, answers every purpose for which the drug is used. U. S. Dispens. art. Aloe. 
Powder of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, six grains. White sugar, one drachm. 
Pulverize very finely. Recommended to be blown in the eye, to remove films and specks on the cornea. Radius. 
Powder of Aloes and Canella. 
R. Aloes, one pound. Canella bark, three ounces. Powder separately, and mix. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A popular emmenagogue, known as Hiera Picra. U. S. Ph. 
Compound Powder of Aloes. R. Aloes, an ounce and a half. 
Guiacum resin, one ounce. 
Compound powder of cinnamon, half an ounce. 
Powder the aloes and resin separately, and then mix them with the compound powder of cinnamon. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Used as a purgative and diaphoretic. London Ph. 
Emmenagogue Powder. R. Iron rust, six 
Iron rust, six grains. Powdered aloes, two grains. Magnesia, thirty grains. 
Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated three times a day. Brera. 
Aloes Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, Soap, each, an ounce. 
Form a mass with water, to be divided into two hundred and forty pills. Dose, one to three as a laxative, five or more as a purgative. U. S. Ph. 
Compound Pills op Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes, half a drachm. " rhubarb, one drachm. Oil of cloves, four drops. Soap, eight grains. Syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. 
Rub well together, and form forty pills. In tardy menstruation, one at night or oftener if T equired, so as to open bowels but not to purge. Dewees. 
R. Powdered aloes, one ounce. 
Extract of gentian, half an ounce. Oil of caraway, forty minims. Molasses, sufficient. 
Beat together till incorporated. Lond. Ph. Dose, five to fifteen grains. A valuable pur gative in habitual costiveness. 
Aloes and Assafetida Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, ~\ Assafcetida, > each, half an ounce. Soap, J 
Beat with water to form a mass; divide into one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, two to five. Useful in costiveness with flatulency. U. S. Ph. 
Aloes and Myrrh Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, two ounces. Powdered myrrh, one ounce. 
Saffron, half an ounce. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat together, to form a mass; divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from three to six. A well-known cathartic and emmenagogue, under the name of Rufus's pills. 
Aloes and Iron Pills. 
R. Barbadoes aloes, two parts. Sulphate of Iron, three parts. Aromatic powder, six parts. Conserve of red roses, eight parts. 
Pulverize the aloes and sulphate of iron, mix the whole ingredients and beat into a mass, and divide into five grain pills. Dose, one to three. Edin. Ph. 
A useful emmenagogue in chlorosis and atonic amenorrhoea. 
Chapman's Aperient Pills. R. Aloes, sixteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, twenty-four 
grains. Mastic, twelve grains. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Chapman. 
Chapman's Anti-Dyspeptic Pills. 
R. Aloes, half a drachm. 
Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Mastic, thirty grains Oil of fennel, eight drops 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Chapman. 


95 
ALOE 
Mitchell's Aperient Pills. 
R. Aloes, sixteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, thirty-two grains. Calomel, two grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. J. K. Mitchell. 
Two or three pills act as an aperient. 
Hooper's Pills. 
R. Aloes, four hundred parts. Crystallized Sulphate of iron, two hundred parts. Extract of black hellebore, I each, one hundred Myrrh, J parts. Soap, J Powdered canella, Powdered ginger, each, fifty parts. 
Beat into a mass with water, and divide into pills of two and a half grains. 
Much used as a cathartic, and an emmenagogue. Journ. Phil. Col. Pharm. v. 25. 
Anderson's Pills. R. Aloes, seven hundred and eighty- 
seven parts. Soap, one hundred and thirty-one 
parts. Colocynth, Gamboge, each, thirty-three parts. Oil of aniseed, sixteen parts. 
Reduce the aloes, colocynth, and gamboge to a very fine powder, add oil of aniseed and soap, and beat into a mass with water; divide into three grain pills. A mild purgative. Journ. Phil. Col. Pharm. v. 25. 
Lady Webster's Pills. 
R. Aloes, six drachms. Mastich, Red rose-leaves, each, two drachms. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient 
to form a mass. Divide into three grain pills; used as a laxative in costiveness, dependent on impaired digestion. Dose, one to three. A better form is to substitute powdered rhubarb for the rose-leaves. Cooley. 
Morrison's Pills. 
No. 1. R. Aloes, Cream of tartar, equal parts. Mucilage, sufficient 
to form mass. 
No. 2. R. Aloes, three parts. Gamboge, two parts. 
Colocynth, one part. Cream of tartar, four parts. 
Powder finely, and add 
Simple syrup, sufficient 
to form mass. Dose, five to ten grains. These purge actively, especially No. 2. Cooley. 
Fuller's Pills. 
R. Aloes, half a drachm. Senna, Myrrh, each, one scruple. Assafetida, Galbanum, each, ten grains. Saffron, Mace, each, five grains. Sulphate of iron, two scruples. Simple syrup, sufficient 
to form mass. Dose, five to fifteen grains, used as an antispasmodic and aperient. Cooley 
James's Analeptic Pills. R. Antimonial powder, 
Resin of guaiacum, Aloes and myrrh pill, equal parts. Syrup, sufficient. 
Form a mass, and divide into four grain pills. A diaphoretic purgative. Cooley. 
Peters's Pills. 
R. Aloes, a P' > each, two drachms. Scammony, I ' Gamboge, J Calomel, one drachm, 
Beat into a mass with alcohol. A powerful purgative. Three pills, containing three grains each, constitute a full dose. Cooley. 
Speediman's Pills. 
R. Aloes, Myrrh, Rhubarb, each, one ounce. 
Extract of chamomile, half an ounce. Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide into four grain pills. A good tonic and stomachic purge. Burnett. 
Splenetic Pills. 
R. Strained aloes, Gum ammoniac, each, an ounce and a half. 
Myrrh, Bryony, each, two drachms. 
Beat into a mass, and divide into four grain pills. Dose, three to five. Extolled in ame norrhoea and hypochondriasis. Sounder* 


96 
ALOE 
Duchesne's Pills. 
R. Aloes, 
Gum ammoniac, each, twenty-four 
grains. Myrrh, six grains. Mastich, Carbonate of potassa, each, two grains. Saffron, one grain. Simple syrup, sufficient 
to make a mass. Dose, from ten to twenty grains. Prescribed in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, supervening on intermittent fevers. Van Mons. 
Antichlorotio Pills. 
R. Aloes, 
Iron rust, each, half a drachm. Gum ammoniac, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient 
to form mass. Divide into pills of three grains each. Dose, three to six, morning and evening, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. Radius. 
Bicker's Pills. 
R. Iron rust, two drachms. 
Sulphur,") Myrrh, >• each, one drachm. Aloes, J 
Beef gall, sufficient 
to form mass. Divide into four grain pills. Six morning and evening. Radius. 
Whytt's Pills. R. Chloride of iron, Aloes, Extract of horehound, each, half a drachm. 
Assafetida, one drachm and a half. Form a mass. Divide into two grain pills. Dose, four to five, three times a day, in Ieucorrhoea and hysteria with constipation. Radius. 
Barthez's Pills. 
R. Aloes, half a drachm. 
Myrrh, one drachm. 
Musk, twenty grains. Camphor, ten grains. Balsam Peru, sufficient 
to" form mass. Dose, eight grains, three times a day. Advised in amenorrhoea and chlorosis. Pierquin. 
Pitschaft's Eccoprotio Pills. R. Strained aloes, 
Sulphate of quinine, each, one scruple. 
Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, one at bedtime. Found useful in torpor of the large intestines. Radius. 
Frank's Pills 
R. Aloes, Jalap, each, four parts. Rhubarb, one part. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient 
to form mass. Divide into three grain pills Dose, one to four during the day. 
These are the Grains de Santi, so much employed as dinner pills in Europe. Foy. 
Aloes and Rhubarb Pills. R. Powdered aloes, 
Rhubarb, each, half a drachm. Soap, sufficient 
to form mass. Divide into twenty-five pills. Three or four occasionally in dyspepsia with costiveness. Ellis. 
Griffitts's Pills. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm and a half. 
Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Soap, two scruples. Water, sufficient 
to form mass. Divide into forty pills. A favorite remedy with the late Dr. S. P. Griffitts, to remove costiveness and impart tone to the bowels. Three or four, to be taken at bedtime. 
Aperient Pills. 
R. Aloes, Rhubarb, each, one drachm. 
Ipecacuanha, six grains. Soap, one scruple. 
Form mass with water, and divide into sixty pills. Dose, one at bedtime, as an aperient; two or three as a purgative. Ellis. 
Pills op Aloes and Blue Mass. R. Blue mass, one scruple. Powdered aloes, twenty-five grains. Incorporate, and divide into fifteen pills. Dose, one every two hours till they operate. Useful in constipation where there is a deficiency of bile. Ellis. 
Laxative Electuary. 
R. Aloes, eight grains. Cream of tartar, two drachms. 
Honey, sufficient 
to form electuary. For a single dose. Advised in amenorrhoea attributed to abdominal engorgement Brera. 


97 
ALOE, 
Anthelmintic Suppository. 
R. Aloes, half an ounce. Common salt, three drachms. Flour, two ounces. Honey, sufficient 
to form a firm paste, to be divided into twelve suppositories. Used in cases of ascarides. Foy. 
Compound Decoction op Aloes. R. Extract of liquorice, seven drachms. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Powdered aloes 
11 myrrh, Saffron, each, one drachm and a half. Compound tincture of cardamom, seven fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, one pint and a half. Boil down the liquorice, carbonate of potassa, aloes, myrrh, and saffron with the water to a pint, strain, and add the compound tincture of cardamom. Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. A mild cathartic, tonic, antacid, and emmenagogue. Lond. Ph. 
Clauder's Elixir 
R. Carbonate of potassa, Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce. Elder-flower water, a pint and a half. 
Make a solution and add Strained aloes, Myrrh, each, one ounce. 
Saffron, two drachms. Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Has been recommended in obstructions of the abdominal viscera, in amenerrhoea, constipation, scurvy, &c. Pideret. 
Detersive Injection. 
R. Strained aloes, ten grains. Muriate of ammonia, four grains. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Fennel water, six ounces. Make solution, and filter. Stated to be useful in chronic discharges from the urethra, to be injected three or four times a day. Soubeiran. 
Anthelmintic Clyster. R. Powdered aloes, one t 
one drachm. 
Barley water, one pint. 
Mix. Very effectual against ascarides in the rectum. Radius. 
Aloetic Mixture. 
R. Strained aloes, Myrrh, each, one drachm. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. 
Myrrh water, 
six ounces. 
i 
Make a solution, and filter. Dose, a tablo spoonful night and morning, to provoke hemorrhoids. Foy. 
Alkaline Mixture of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, two ounces and a half. Bicarbonate of soda, six ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. ounces. Water, four pints. Mix. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Dose, from one fl. drachm to one fl. ounce, half an hour after meals, for persons of a costive habit. Mettauer. 
Wine op Aloes 
R. Aloes, one ounce. 
Cardamom, , Ginger, each, one drachm. Wine, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally agitating, then filter. U. S. Ph. Purgative, in doses of half an ounce to two ounces ; stomachic and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms. 
Alkaline Wine of Aloes. 
R. Aloes, Myrrh, Saffron, each, one ounce. 
Carbonate of potassa, two ounces. Wine, two pints. 
Digest for ten days, and filter. Bitter, tonic and stimulant. Recommended in dyspepsia with pyrosis, in doses of an ounce. Swediaur. 
Balsamic Wine of Aloes R. Aloes, 
OUbanum, f each ' half an 0unce> Angelica, j Balsam Peru, one ounce. 
Storax, two ounces. Benzoin, three ounces. Flowers of hypericum, four handfuls. Wine, four pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Dose, half an ounce. 
Tincture of Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes, one ounce. 
Liquorice, three ounces. Alcohol, half a pint. Distilled water, one pint and a half. 
Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Dose, two drachms to au ounce. Purgative and sto- 
U. S. Pk. 
machic. 


98 
ALTH.EA 
Tincture op Aloes and Myrrh. 
R. Powdered aloes, three ounces. Saffron, one ounce. 
Tincture of myrrh, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. R. Tincture of aloes, three fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, four fl. ounces. Tincture of saffron, three fl. ounces. Mix. Soubeiran. 
Long celebrated under the name of elixir proprieiatis. It is purgative, stomachic, and emmenagogue. The dose is half a drachm to a drachm. Well suited to cold, torpid habits. 
Ethereal Tincture op Aloes. 
R. Myrrh, one ounce and a half. Spirit of sulphuric ether, one pound. 
Digest for four days, and add 
Aloes, one ounce and a half. Saffron, one ounce. 
Again digest for four days, and filter. Edin. Ph. 1817. 
This tincture has been highly esteemed as stomachic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 
Boerhaave's Elixir. 
R. Aloes, Myrrh, Saffron, each, one ounce. 
Tartrate of potassa, two ounces. Alcohol, fourteen ounces. Distilled water, eight ounces. 
Macerate for three days, and filter. Han. Ph. This has been highly praised in visceral obstructions. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. 
Stoughton's Elixir, 
R. Aloes, Cascarilla, each, one drachm. Rhubarb, four drachms. Wormwood, Germander, . . . » r, .. » y each, six drachms. Gentian, j ' Orange peel, J Alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for four days, and filter. Foy. Stimulant, tonic, and stomachic, in doses of twenty or thirty drops. 
Elixir of Garus. 
R. Saffron, Myrrh, Aloes, 
one ounce, two ounces, ten ounces. 
Cinnamon, Nutmeg, each, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, one pound. Alcohol, sixteen pounds. Macerate for two days and distil off eight pounds, to which add 
Syrup of maidenhair, two pounds. And color with caramel, dissolved in 
Orange-flower water, eight ounces. This preparation can scarcely be as a medicine, but is rather an agreeable liquor. Soubeiran. 
Ointment op Aloes. 
R. Powdered aloes, two drachms. Lard, one ounce. 
Triturate well. 
Has been recommended as a friction to the abdomen as a vermifuge in children. Soubeiran. 
ALTHAEA. 
Marsh Mallow. 
Several species of Mallow are employed in medicine, but that which is officinal is A. officinalis, a herbaceous perennial, with pale purplish flowers, a native of Europe, in moist situations. 
Sex. Syst. Monadelph. Polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 966. Griffith, Med. Bot. 161. 
The parts used are the roots and leaves. These are inodorous, and have a vapid mucilaginous taste. They are much employed in Europe as demulcent and emollient, but their place is supplied in this country by other articles. 
Decoction of Marsh Mallow. R. Marsh mallow-root, dried, four ounces. 
Raisins, stoned, two ounces. Boiling water, five pints. 
Boil down to three pints. Strain, and set aside until the dregs have subsided, and decant. Ed. Ph. 
A good demulcent drink. 
Syrup of Marsh Mallow. 
R. Marsh mallow root, thirty parts. Cold water, one hundred and eighty 
parts. 
Macerate for twelve hours, strain without expression, and add 
Syrup, one thousand parts. Evaporate to the proper consistence, and strain. Codex. 
A good demulcent. Much used in France. 


99 
ALUMINA—ALUMIN.E SULPHAS. 
Marsh Mallow Paste. 
R. Marsh mallow root, powdered, Wheat flour, each, three parts. White sugar, six parts. Mucilage of gum Arabic, two parts. 
Mix, and form paste. Beral. A good demulcent in irritation of the throat. 
Marsh Mallow Lozenges. 
R. Powdered mallow root, one part. White sugar, seven parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Form into lozenges of sixteen grains each. Cottereau. 
Marsh Mallow Ointment. R. Flaxseed, 
Mallow root, each, one pound. Water, sufficient 
to make a thick mucilage; strain, and add 
Lard, melted, 
six pounds. 
Evaporate, and add 
Resin, eight ounces. 
Turpentine, Yellow wax, each, one pound. 
Melt the whole together. Beral. 
Powder of Marsh Mallow. R. Powdered mallow root, . " liquorice root, each, three ounces. 
" nitre, half an ounce. " camphor, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into thirty powders; one to be taken three times a day. Foy. 
ALUMINA. 
Alumina. 
The hydrate of alumina is found naturally in an impure state in the form of different clays, boles, <fec, and can be prepared in a pure state by the decomposition of alum. 
Hydrate op Alumina. 
R. Alum, any quantity. Distilled water, sufficient 
to dissolve the salt. Add gradually a solution of carbonate of potassa, digest at a moderate temperature for a short time, until a precipitate no longer takes place, wash this carefully, and 
dry. 
Sax. Ph. 
Rust's Astringent. R. Armenian bole, Carbonate of magnesia, White sugar, each, two drachms. Oil of mace, two drops Rhubarb, one drachm. 
Mix, and triturate well. Radius. Dose, a teaspoonful three times a-day, in chronic gonorrhoea, vaginal and uterine catarrh and slight monorrhagia. 
Electuary for the Teeth. 
R. White bole, an ounce and a half. Gum lac, half an ounce. Cinnamon, a drachm and a half. Syrup of pinks, sufficient 
to form soft paste. Triturate well together and keep in closed boxes. Used as a dentifrice, but is also beneficial in scorbutic gums. Swediaur. 
A L U MIN JE ACETAS. 
Acetate of Alumina. 
R. Alum, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve in water, precipitate by means of aqua ammonise, filter, and dissolve the moist precipitate in acetic acid; again filter, and evaporate. 
This has been recommended diluted with water in chronic diarrhoea, and mixed with syrup of poppies in slight cases of hemoptysis. Dose, three to five grains. Van Mons. 
ALUMINA SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Alumina. 
R. Alum, a sufficient quantity. Dissolve in water, precipitate by aqua ammonia?, filter, and dissolve the moist precipitate in dilute sulphuric acid, and again filter; evaporate and crystallize. 
Detergent Wash. 
R. Sulphate of alumina, two drachms. Water, half a pint. 
Mix. As a wash to foul ulcers. 
Pennypacker. 
M. Gannal has found that a solution of this salt, made with about a pound to the quart of water, will preserve a body fresh for a long tunc, if injected into the blood-vessels; where, it is only wished to preserve the body for a month or six weeks, an enema of one quart, and an injection of a\M*t a quart into the oesophagus is 
Dunglison, N. R 
sufficient. 


100 
ALUMEN 
• 
ALUMEN 
Alum. 
Several varieties of alum are known in commerce, all containing more or less sulphate of iron. Most of that used in this country is of domestic manufacture. 
Alum is employed both internally and externally as an astringent, in doses of ten grains to a scruple or more. 
Burnt Alum. 
R. Alum, any quantity. Melt the alum in an iron or earthen vessel, and continue a moderate heat till it ceases to bubble and becomes dry, then rub it into powder. 
U. S. Ph. 
Astringent, and a mild escharotic. It is much used to repress the growth of exuberant granulations or proud flesh. Dose, five to ten grains. 
Powder of Alum. 
R. Alum, one drachm. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. 
Triturate, and divide into four powders, one to be taken every three hours in atonic hemorrhage. Radius. 
R. Alum, a drachm and a half. Catechu, one drachm. Armenian bole, one ounce. 
Triturate well. To arrest hemorrhages. Dose, a teaspoonful. Van Mons. 
R. Alum, four ounces. Kino, one ounce. 
Triturate well. This is the Saccharine Alum of the continental writers. Dose, ten to twenty grains, in hemorrhages or diarrhoea. Ed. Ph. 
R. Alum, thirty grains. Powdered opium, three grains. 
Mix, and make six powders, one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Alum, one drachm. 
Powdered opium, four grains. " cinnamon, one scruple. 
Mix and triturate, divide into four powders, one to be taken every four hours, in monorrhagia or in diarrhoea. Radius. 
R. Alum, two drachms. Powdered opium, three grains. " kino, one scruple. Sugar of milk, one drachm. Mix, triturate, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every three hours, in fluxes. Phoebus. 
Alum Errhine. 
R. Alum, 
Armenian bole, each, one drachm. 
i Kino, 
half a drachm. 
Red oxide of iron, two drachma... Mix, and triturate. As an errhine in epistaxis. Radius. 
Gargles of Alum. 
R. Alum, 
Nitrate of potassa, each, three ounces. Cream of tartar, four ounces. 
Acetic acid, four pounds. 
Dissolve, evaporate to dryness, and powder the residuum. Half an ounce, dissolved in eight ounces of water, forms a gargle which has been highly praised in inflammation of the fauces and tonsils. Wirtem. Ph. 
R. Alum, two drachms. 
Water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Said to be useful where the breath is offensive. Cavarra. 
Cavarra. 
Odontalgic Solution of Alum. R. Finely powdered alum, two drachms. Spirit of nitric ether, seven fl. drachms. Dissolve. Stated to be an almost infallible cure for toothache. Blake. 
Boluses of Alum. 
R. Alum, Extract of Peruvian bark, Nutmeg, each, half a scruple. Simple syrup, sufficient 
to make a bolus. Prescribed in uterine and other hemorrhages, and repeated as may be required. Ellis. 
R. Alum, five grains. Extract of rhatany, eighteen grains. Conserve of roses, half a drachm. Syrup of rhatany, • sufficient to make ten boluses. Dose, one every three or four hours. Foy. 
Alum Pills 
R. Alum, six grains. Extract of opium, one grain. Catechu, six grains. 
Mix, and form into six pills. One to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhages and atonic mucous discharges. EUis. 
R. Alum, two drachms. Kino, Honey of roses, each, one drachm. 
Make pills, of six grains each. Dose, one to six a day, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. 
R. Alum, Extract of Peruvian bark, Muriate of iron and ammonia, Aromatic powder, each, a drachm 
and a half. 


101 
ALUMEN 
Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, four to six, morning and evening, in passive hemorrhages and mucous discharges. Augustin. 
Astringent Pills op Alum. 
R. Alum, Catechu, equal parts. Extract of gentian, sufficient 
to make pills of two grains each. Dose, four every three hours. Useful in diarrhoea, and especially in Ieucorrhoea. Radius. 
Pills op Alum and Benzoic Acid. 
R. Alum, one scruple. Benzoic acid, five grains. 
Gum Arabic, White sugar, each, ten grains. 
Mix, with sufficient water to form thirty-five pills, to be taken in two days. Have been thought useful in phthisis pulmonalis. Augustin. 
Electuaries op Alum. 
R. Alum, one drachm. Catechu, Extract of Peruvian bark, each, two drachms. 
Conserve of roses, six drachms. Simple syrup, sufficient 
Ij .make an electuary. Dose, one drachm every foui hours. In chronic diarrhoea, Ieucorrhoea, and passive hemorrhages. St. Marie. 
R. Alum, one drachm. Extract of logwood, half an ounce. Balsam Peru, six drops. Water of sage, sufficient. 
Make an electuary. Astringent and antiseptic. Recommended in sponginess of the gums. Phoebus. 
Alum Collyrium. 
R. Alum, twelve to twenty grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. As an application in chronic ophthalmia. Ellis. 
Alum Curd. 
R. Powdered alum, half a drachm. White of egg, one. 
Agitate well till a coagulum is formed. To be applied on a rag to inflamed eyes. To be removed when it becomes warm. Ellis. 
.Solutions op Alum. 
R. Burnt alum, Sulphate of zinc, each, half an ounce. Distilled water, two pints. 
Dissolve. 
R. Alum, one drachm Sulphate of zinc, half a drachm. Borax, four grains. Rose water, six ounces. 
Dissolve. Used as an astringent in bruises, slight hemorrhages, and mucous discharges. Cadet de Gassicourt. 
R. Alum, half a drachm. Armenian bole, six drachms. Vinegar, lied wine, each, half an ounce. 
Mix the powdered bole in the solution of the alum in the vinegar, and add the wine. Used as a local application in cpistaxis. Swediaur. 
Gargles op Alum. 
R. Alum, one drachm. Wine, one pound. Tincture of bark, four fl. drachms. 
u myrrh, two fl. drachms. Honey of roses, two ounces. Laudanum, one fl. scruple. 
Mix. As a gargle in scurvy of the gums. Foy. 
R. Alum, one drachm. Infusion of red roses, Barley water, each, three fl. ounces. 
Add to the solution 
Honey of roses, two fl. ounces. Ratier. 
R. Powdered oak bark, one ounce. Boiling water, a pint and a half. 
Evaporate to one pint, filter, and add Alum, half a drachm. Brandy, two fl. ounces 
Used as a gargle in inflammation of the mouth and throat. Augustin. 
Injections op Alum. 
R. Alum, one drachm. 
Rose water, two fl. ounces 
Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Foy. 
R. Alum, Sulphate of iron, each, twelve grains. Honey of roses, one ounce 
Barley water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. In chronic gonorrhoea. Radius. 
R. Stramonium leaves, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pims. 


102 
ALUMEN 
Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add to infusion 
Alum, two drachms, to an ounce. In cancerous affections of uterus. Foy. 
Alum Injection. 
R. Infusion of flaxseed, fifteen fl. ounces. Alum, two drachms. Tincture of kino, one ounce. 
Mix. As an injection in cauliflower excrescence of the uterus. Clarke. 
Julep op Alum. 
R. Alum, two drachms. 
Sulphuric acid, ten drops. Essence of citron, six drops. Syrup of lemon, two fl. ounces. * Water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in lead colic. Radius. 
Alum Liniment. 
R. Alum, half an ounce. Whites of eggs, four. Spirit of camphor, two ounces. 
Mix. As an application to bed sores. Augustin. 
Lotions of Alum 
R. Alum, 
Sulphate of zinc, each, two drachms. Plantain water, two pints. 
Mix. As a wash to wounds and bleeding ulcers. Cadet de Gassicourt. 
R. Alum, three drachms. Muriate of ammonia, one drachm. Liquid hydrosulphuric acid, one scruple. Rose water, half a pint. Mix. As a wash, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Alibert. 
Alum Whey. 
R. Boiling milk, one pint. Powdered alum, a drachm and a half. 
Mix, separate the curd, and add to the whey White sugar, one ounce. 
Dissolve. In passive hemorrhages. A wineglassful occasionally, to be taken cold. Foy. 
Aromatic Alum Whey. 
R Powdered alum, one drachm. Sugar of milk, half a drachm. Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. Cow's milk, a pint and a half. 
Boil, and strain after coagulation. To be taken in cupful doses, cold, in hemorrhages. Niemann. 
Alum Draughts. 
R. Alum, one to two drachms. 
Syrup of gum, two ounces. 
Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a wineglassful every six hours, in lead colic and uterine hemorrhages. Guibourt. 
R. Alum, two drachms. 
Wine, four fl. ounces. 
Gum tragacanth, Catechu, each, a drachm. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. One or two spoonfuls every hour in lead colic. Radius. 
Anglo-Saxon Ointment. 
R. Red lead, Olive oil, White wax, each, one pound, Powdered amber, Burnt alum, .Camphor, each, two drachms. 
Heat the oil until it becomes of a reddish-brown color, add the red lead and continue the heat when the mass has .the consistence of a plaster add the amber, and finally, when it cools, th alum and camphor. Highly spoken of as dressing to foul ulcers. Niemann. 
Ointment for Chilblains. 
R. Sweet almonds, blanched, half a 
pound. Honey, six ounces. Camphor, ) Flour of mustard, , . Burnt alum, V each, two ounces. Olibanum, J Yolks of eggs, three. 
Triturate well. This paste is to be thinned in a little water, and rubbed on the inflamed parts night and morning, and then washed off in tepid water, and afterward the parts well dried with a linen cloth. Swediaur. 
Rust's Ointment. 
R. Alum, a drachm and a half. Camphor, Opium, each, a scruple to half a drachm. 
Balsam Peru, one drachm. Lead ointment, half an ounce. 
Triturate well together. Found useful as an application to frosted limbs. Phoebus. 


103 
AMMONIA 
Pile Ointment. 
R. Powdered alum, four scruples. Simple cerate, five ounces and a half. 
Mix, and triturate well. As an application to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. 
AMMONIA. 
Ammonia. 
This, under ordinary circumstances, exists as a gas, which is readily taken up by water or alcohol. Water absorbs nearly 800 times its volume of the gas at 32° F., and this solution, possessing the properties of the gas, is usually employed. 
Solution op Ammonia. 
R. Pulverized muriate of ammonia, Quicklime, each, one pound. Distilled water, one pint. Water, nine fl. ounces. 
Break the lime in pieces, pour the water upon it in a proper vessel, cover this and permit it to rest until the lime slacks and is cold. Mix this with the muriate of ammonia in a mortar, and introduce the mixture into a glass retort. Place the retort on a sand-bath, and adapt to it a receiver connected by means of a glass tube with a quart bottle containing the distilled water. Apply heat, and continue as long as ammonia comes over. Remove the fluid in the bottle, and add so much water as will raise it to the sp. gr. 0.960, and keep in small well-closed bottles. The liq. ammon. fort, of the Pharmacopoeia has a sp. gr. of 0.882, and the above liq. ammonia that of 0.960; one fl. ounce of the former with two of water will form the latter. 
U. S. Ph. 
Liniment of Ammonia. 
R. Solution of ammonia, one fl. ounce. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Used as a rubefacient, and counter-irritant. U. S. Ph. 
Compound Liniment op Ammonia. R. Stronger water of ammonia, five fl. 
ounces. 
Tincture of camphor, two fl. ounces. Spirit of rosemary, one fl. ounce. 
Mix well. More powerful than the simple liniments. Edin. Ph. 
Granville's Lotion. 
(Milder.) 
R. Water of ammonia (.882), four fl. drachms. 
Spirit of rosemary, three fl. drachms. Spirit of camphor, (3j to Oj), one fl. drachm. 
Mix. 
(Stronger.) 
R. Water of ammonia (.882), 
five fl. drachms 
Spirit of rosemary, two fl. drachms. Spirit of camphor, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. As a counter-irritant. Gray. 
Gargle op Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia (.960), half fl. 
ounce. 
To be added to a strained decoction of Mallows, Dry figs, each, six drachms. Cow's milk, sixteen ounces. 
Employed as a resolvent in certain cases of angina. Pringle 
Injection op Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, one scruple. Cow's milk, one -unce. 
Mix. As an emmenagogue this injection is to be used three times a day. It induces a mucous flow, often followed by the appearance of the catamenia. It must be used with great caution, and made less stimulating at firs*. Lavagna 
Mixture of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, Carbonate of potassa, each, two drachms. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, in cardialgia and acidity of the stomach. Jourdan. 
Mixture of Ammonia and Ether. 
R. Water of ammonia, Sulphuric ether, each, two fl. drachms. 
Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful every hour. Said to be very useful in bites of venomous snakes. Radius. 
Ammoniacal Sinapism. 
R. Flour of mustard, one ounce and a half 
Rye flour, half an ounce. Water of ammonia, sufficient 
to form a cataplasm. 


104 
AMMONITE ACETAS. 
This is more active than the simple mustard poultice. Phoebus. 
Lotion op Ammonia. R. Water of ammonia, Spirit of thyme, Spirit of camphor, equal parts. Mix. As a lotion to the forehead, or applied to the temples, in compresses, in sick headache. Swediaur. 
Fetid Spirit op Ammonia. 
R. Assafetida, in small pieces, one ounce and a half. 
Rectified spirit, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, then distil off the spirit, and mix the product with 
Stronger solution of ammonia, three fl. ounces. 
Dub. Ph. 
Employed as a stimulant and antispasmodic in doses of half a drachm. 
Steer's Opodeldoc. 
R. Alcohol, eight pints. Soap, ' twenty ounces. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. Camphor, eight ounces. Oil of rosemary, " monarda, each, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve the soap in the alcohol with a gentle heat, add the other articles, suffer the impurities to subside, and pour into phials whilst warm. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
Liquid Opodeldoc. 
R. Dry Spanish soap, sixty parts. Camphor, fifteen parts. Alcohol, five hundred parts. Oil of thyme, four parts. " rosemary, three parts. Solution of ammonia, thirty parts. 
Mix, dissolve, and filter. Giseke. 
Plaster op Ammonia. 
R. Stronger water of ammonia, one ounce. Camphor, two ounces. Opium, fifteen grains Ammoniac, "1 Saffron, I each, half an Gum plaster, f ounce. Galbanum plaster, J 
Mix well. For corns. A thick layer of this plastei is to be spread on a piece of linen or kid-skin, of the exact size of the corn, as it will blisie' the sound skin. La Foret. 
Sulphuretted Ammoniacal Liniment. 
R. Water of ammonia, one ounce. Camphor, half a drachm. Sulphuret of potassium, four drachms. 
Olive oil, six ounces. 
Mix. Recommended as an application in tinea capitis. Bories 
Terebinthinate Ammoniacal Liniment. 
R. Oil of chamomile, , ,. , , ' f each, two " henbane, V a ui e , ,. I u. ounces. Jiissence or turpentine, ) Water of ammonia, Tincture of capsicum, each, 
one ounce. 
Camphor, half an ounce. Mix well. A very stimulating liniment, found beneficial in asthenic gout and chronic rheumatism. Ammon. 
Spirit op Ammonia. 
R. Alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. Quicklime, one pound. Muriate of ammonia, one pouud. Water, nine fl. ounces 
Prepare as directed for water of ammonia. U. S. Ph 
Aromatic Spirit op Ammonia. R. Muriate of ammonia, five ounces. Carbonate of potassa, eight ounces. Bruised cinnamon, " cloves, each. two drachms. Lemon peel, four ounces. Alcohol, . Water, each, five pints. Mix and distil seven pints and a half. U. S. Ph. 
Both of these spirits are stimulant and antispasmodic, and are given in doses of ten to thirty drops in sweetened water. 
AMMONIA ACETAS. Acetate of Ammonia. Solution of Acetate of Ammonia. 
R. Diluted acetic acid, two pints. Carbonate of am- 
monia, a sufficient quantity. Add the carbonate gradually to the acid, stir ring constantly until all effervescence ceases. U. S. Ph. 


AMMONITE ARSENIAS — AMMONITE CARBONAS. 
105 
A valuable diaphoretic in febrile and inflammatory diseases, when aided by warmth ; otherwise it acts as a diuretic. Dose, half a fl. ounce to a fl. ounce every three or four hours. It is also a good refrigerant lotion. It is known as the spirit of Mindererus. 
Cataplasm with Acetate op Ammonia. 
R. Extract of hemlock, one ounce. " of henbane, half an ounce. Powder of belladonna, one drachm. Solution of acetate of am- 
monia, sufficient 
to form a cataplasm. Has been found useful in ulcerated cancerous sores. Radius. 
Collyrium of Acetate op Ammonia. R. Solution of acetate of ammonia, 
Rose water, equal parts. 
In chronic ophthalmia. Saunders. 
Gargle op Acetate op Ammonia. R. Solution of acetate of ammonia, Honey of roses, each, one fl. ounce. Elder water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Recommended by Wendt in scarlatina anginosa with ulcerations. Phoebus. 
Mixture op Acetate of Ammonia. R. Solution of acetate of 
ammonia, two fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. Ellis. 
R. Camphor mixture, Solution of acetate of 
ammonia, each, half a fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, Laudanum, each, twenty drops. 
Mix. To be taken at bedtime, or oftener, in which latter case the laudanum to be diminished. 
Ellis. 
R. Liquid acetate of ammonia, half fl. ounce. Camphor mixture, seven fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, fifteen drops. Syrup of saffron, half a fl. drachm. Mix. To be taken three times a-day. Burke. 
AMMONIJ1 ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Ammonia. 
R. Arsenic acid, one ounce. 
Stronger water of ammonia, suflicient 
to saturate the acid. To be left to evaporate and crystallize spontaneously. Dose, to ~th of a grain. Cottereau. 
Solution op Arseniate op Ammonia. R. Arseniate of ammonia, eight grains. Water, eight ounces. Angelica water, four drachms. Mix. Has been recommended, in doses of twenty to thirty drops, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Soubeiran. 
AMMONITE CARBONAS. Carbonate op Ammonia. 
R. Muriate of ammonia, one pound. Dried chalk, one pound and a half. 
Pulverize them separately, then mix them thoroughly, and sublime into a cooled receiver. U. S. Ph. 
Aromatic Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, one pound. Oil of lavender, three ounces. " verbena, half an ounce. Grind together, and sublime with a gentle heat. R. Carbonate of ammonia, half an ounce. Oil of peppermint, " cajeput, each, twelve drops. Mix, and keep in a closed bottle. Phoebus. R. Powd. carb. ammon., one ounce. Stronger solution of ammonia, half afl. ounce. Oil of rosemary, Oil of bergamot, each, ten drops. Mix, and while moist, put in a wide-mouthed bottle, which is to be well closed. 
All these are used as smelling salts in faint. ness, &c. 
Potion of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, ten grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Tincture of allspice, half afl. drachm. Syrup of saffron, half a fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken before going to bed. Phoebus. R. Comp. tinct. of 
ammonia (Lond.), two fl .drachms and a half. 
Camphor water, seven fl. ounces. Tincture of castor, one fl. drachm. Simple syrup, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls in an hysteric attack. Ainslie. 


106 
AMMONIA CARBONAS. 
i. 
Pills of Carbonate op Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, "| Powdered capsicum, I each, one " cloves, | scruple. u mace, J Oil of caraway, five drops. Extract of gentian, twelve grains. Simple syrup, sufficient to form twenty pills. One every two hours in gout in the stomach. Parrish. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of am-" monia, each, Qne j raonm Powdered white V & sugar, Pow. gum Arabic, Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. If required, fort}' to fifty drops of laudanum may be added to the mixture. Ellis. 
Useful in low states of the system." 
Draught with Carbonate of Ammonia. 
R. Oil of valerian, three drops. Carbonate of ammonia, ten grains. Ciunamon water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken every four hours, in depression of the spirits and nervous headache. Ellis. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Ammonia and Ginger. 
R. Powderod ginger, fifteen grains. Carbonate of ammonia, eight grains. Spirit of cinnamon, two fl. drachms. Water, one and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in gout or cramp in the stomach. Ellis. 
Drops of Carbonate of Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, twenty parts. Oil of lavender, one part. Alcohol, four parts. 
Distil. Dose, thirty or forty drops in nervous headache. Cottereau. 
Ointment op Carbonate op Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, one part. Simple cerate, eight parts. Mix. Used in frictions to the throat in croup. Foy. 
Plaster of Carbonate op Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, 
Opium, each, fifteen grains. 
Camphor, half a drachm. 
Oil of cajeput, twenty drops. Galbanum plaster, half an ounce. 
Mix. Said to be useful as an application to the pit of the stomach to arrest vomiting in seasickness. Phoebus. 
Camphorated Ammoniacal Liniment. 
R. Liquid carbonate of ammonia, four parts. Oil of olives, sixteen parts. Spirit of camphor, three parts. Mix. As a revulsive embrocation. Swediaur. 
Ammoniacal Ointment. 
R. Carbonate of ammonia, one drachm. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Oil of jasmine, four drops. Mix. Recommended as a friction, three or four times a day, in engorgements of the mammce. Augustin. 
Gondret's Ammoniacal Ointment. R. Suet, 
Hog's lard, each, one part. Stronger water of ammonia, two parts. Melt the fats and incorporate the ammonia. Soubeiran. 
R. Hog's lard, seven drachms. Oil of almonds, a drachm and a half. Stronger water of ammonia, five drachms. Melt the lard, mix it with the oil, pour into a wide-mouthed bottle with a glass stopper, add the ammonia, and agitate well. Keep in a cool place. 
Rubbed on the skin it causes rubefaction, and, if covered with a compress, speedily vesicates. A useful rubefacient and counter-irritant. 
Gondret. 
Compound Tincture op Ammonia. R. Mastic, two drachms. Alcohol, nine fl. drachms. Oil of lavender, fourteen minims. Stronger water of ammonia, one pint. Dissolve the mastic in the alcohol, and filter; add the other ingredients, and agitate them well. 
Well known under the name of eau de luce as a remedy in bites of venomous reptiles. It is a good antispasmodic, in doses of from ten to forty drops; and also forms a stimulating embrocation. Lond. Ph. 
Aromatic Ammoniated Alcohol. R. Ammoniated alcohol, 
(spirit of ammonia), one pint. 


107 
AMMONITE BICARBONAS—AMMONIA HYDRIODAS. 
Oil of rosemary, " lemons, each, two fl. drachms. u cloves, " cinnamon, each, half a fl. drachm. 
Mix the oils, add the ammoniated alcohol, and pour in as much water as will prevent empyreuma in distilling; distil a pint with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph., 1830. 
Mixture op Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol, (spirit of ammonia), half a fl. 
ounce. 
Oil of amber, one drop. " mace, two drops. u aniseed, ") " cloves, y each, three drops. u cinnamon, j 
Mix. Dose, ten to thirty drops in sweetened sum water, in anorexia and flatus. Ammon. 
Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Alcohol, twenty-four parts. Oil of aniseed, one part. 
Dissolve, and gradually add, constantly stirring, 
Spirit of ammonia, six parts. 
Keep in well-closed bottles. Jourdan. 
Lotion in Hiccough. 
R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Spirit of lavender, two fl. ounces. Recommended by Siebold to be rubbed on the thorax and abdomen of infants to check hiccough. Radius. 
Mixture op Anisated Ammoniated Alcohol. 
R. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. Barley water, three fl. ounces and 
a-half. 
Anisated ammoniated alcohol, half a fl. drachm. 
Simple syrup, half a fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally in chronic catarrh. Hufeland. 
R. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Syrup of mallows, one fl. ounce. Extract of henbane, one scruple. 
Mix well. A dessertspoonful three times a day, in chronic bronchitis or in the second stages of hooping-cough. Radius. 
Vicat's Anodyne Mixture. 
R. Ammoniated alcohol, half a fl. ounce. Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. Opium, two scruples. Camphor, one scruple. 
Digest for three days, often stirring, and filter. Used on cotton to fill the cavity of carious teeth, and as a lotion to the temples in headache. Spielman. 
AMMONIA BICARBONAS. 
Bicarbonate op Ammonia. R. Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, at will. 
Pulverize, spread out on paper, and expose to the air for twenty-four hours. Then enclose in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. This is a white powder of less disagreeable taste than the common carbonate. It is used for the same purposes. Dose, five to fifteen grains. 
AMMONIA CITRAS. 
Citrate of Ammonia. 
R. Fresh lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Carbonate of ammonia, sufficient 
to saturate. 
White sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. 
A pleasant saline diaphoretic in febrile disorders, resembling the solution of the acetate of ammonia in its effects. Dose, a tablespoonful, as may be required. Ellis. 
Solution op Citrate op Ammonia. R. Citric acid, three ounces. Water, [I m P-] one pint. Dissolve, and add 
Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, two ounces and a half. 
Or sufficient to saturate. Lond. PL 
AMMONIA HYDRIODAS. 
Hydriodate of Ammonia. 
R. Iodine, one hundred parts, Iron filings, fifty parts. Water, five hundred parts. 
Mix, and heat till the liquid becomes almost colorless ; filter, and add carbonate of ammo nia, as long as any precipitate takes place, filter, evaporate to dryness, redissolve in four or five times its weight of water; filter, evaporate and crystallize. Beosieu 


108 
AMMONIjE hydrosulphas — ammonia murias. 
Ointment op Hydriodate op Ammonia. 
R. Hydriodate of ammonia, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. Beasley. R. Hydriodate of ammonia, 
one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. Gibert. As an application to scrofulous tumors and cutaneous affections. 
AMMONIiE HYDROSULPHAS. 
Hydrosulphate of Ammonia. 
R. Water of ammonia, four fl. ounces. 
Pass hydrosulphuric acid (obtained from the sulphuret of iron, and sulphuric acid diluted with four times its weight of water), through the water of ammonia in a suitable apparatus, to perfect saturation. To be kept in a wellstopped bottle. Sp. gr. 0.999. Dub. Ph. 
A powerful sedative, lessening the action of the circulatory system to a great degree, and causing nausea, vomiting, vertigo, &c. Used in diabetes to check the morbid appetite, by Cruikshank, Rollo, and others. Dose, five or six drops, in a tumbler full of water, three or four times a day, gradually increasing the dose until some vertigo is induced. 
Sulphuretted Hydrosulphate of Ammonia. 
R. Quicklime, Sulphur, each, three parts. 
Triturate together, adding water sufficient to form a paste, and incorporate 
Sulphate of ammonia, seven parts dissolved in water. Let stand, decant, wash the residuum, rubbing it with a small portion of water, unite the solutions, and filter. Van. Mons. 
Known as Boyle's fuming liquor, and recommended in venereal complaints, in phthisis, rheumatism, and gout, in doses of three to four drops in water, augmenting the dose until vertigo ensues. 
Wilkinson's Liniment. 
R. Boyle's fuming liquor, ten grains. Chalk, one scruple. Flowers of sulphur, Lard, Tar, each, half an ounce. 
Mix well. Advised in chronic diseases of the skin. To be rubbed on a moderate extent of the 
Phoebus. 
surface at a time. 
Sulphuretted Syrup. 
R. Boyle's fuming liquor, three drachms. Sulphuret of antimony and soda, one drachm. 
Simple syrup, an ounce and a half. Mix. Has been prescribed in croup, in the dose of a teaspoonful every hour. Swediaur. 
AMMONIiE MURIAS. 
Sal Ammoniac. Powder of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Camphor, six grains. Powdered arnica, half a drachm. "White sugar, six drachms. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, three or four times a day. Said to be efficacious as an emmenagogue, and also in smaller doses in chronic catarrh. Radius. 
Bolus op Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, 
Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple. Extract of taraxacum, sufficient 
to form a bolus. One to be taken every three or four hours, in schirrhus of the prostate, bladder, or rectum. Radius. 
Lotions op Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, two scr 
Sal ammoniac, two scruples. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 
Water, one pint. 
Mix. Augustin. 
R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 
Vinegar, Alcohol, each, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In strains, bruises, and external inflammation. Foy. 
Foy. 
Fomentation op Sal Ammoniac. R. Powdered bistort, 
" pomegranate root, each, two ounces. 
Red wine, one pound. Heat, digest for an hour, strain, and add 
Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Useful as a fomentation, in strains and bruises. 
Foy. 
R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 
Spirit of rosemary, one pound. Mix. Said to be useful in engorgement of the mamma?. The breast to be covered with cloths 
dipped in the fluid. 
Foy. 


AMMONITE NITRAS —AMMONITE SUCCINAS. 
109 
Liniment with Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sal ammoniac, one ounce. 
Camphor, half an ounce. 
White soap, six drachms. 
Alcohol, two pounds. 
Digest, and filter. Useful as an application to contusions. Niemann. 
COLLUTORIUM OF SAL AMMONIAC. 
R. Pellitory, two drachms. 
Lavender water, Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces. 
Opium, two grains. Sal ammoniac, one drachm. 
Macerate for a few days, and filter. Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Draught of Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, five gi 
Sal ammoniac, five grains. Camphor, three grains. Gum Arabic, one drachm. 
Parsley water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken every two hours in paralytic retention of urine. Radius. 
Cataplasm with Sal Ammoniac. R. Sal ammoniac, 
Henbane, each, half an ounce. Linseed meal, an ounce and a half. Boiling water, sufficient 
to make a cataplasm. Advised in an engorgement of milk in the breasts. Radius. 
Wash of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Bran, an ounce and a half. Mallow leaves, six drachms. Water, sufficient 
to make sixteen ounces of solution. Boil, strain, and add to decoction 
Sal ammoniac, two drachms. Tincture of benzoin, half a fl. ounce. Radius. 
Emulsion of Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sweet almonds,. one ounce. Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Sal ammoniac, one drachm. Tincture of benzoin, two fl. drachms. 
Rub down the almonds, previously blanched, with the rose water, and add the other articles. Dose, a tablespoonful. Phoebus. 
AMMONIJ1 NITRAS Nitrate op Ammonia. 
R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. Carbonate of ammonia, sufficient 
to saturate. Evaporate by a gentle heat, till a pellicle forms; set aside to crystallize. Pereira. 
Soluble in two parts of cold water. In doses of one to two scruples, it reduces the frequency of the pulse and heat of the skin, and also acts as a diuretic. 
Mixture op Nitrate op Ammonia. R. Carbonate of ammonia, one scruple. Nitric acid, sufficient to saturate; add 
Syrup of mallows, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Dose, a dessertspoonful, every two hours. Radius. 
AMMONIA PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate of Ammonia. 
R. Phosphoric acid, at will. Saturate with 
Carbonate of ammonia, 
and set by to crystallize. Niemann. 
Diuretic and discutient. Recommended by Dr. Buckler, of Baltimore, in gout and rhcumatism, as a solvent of uric acid calculus, and in diseases dependent on a lithic acid diathesis. Dose, twenty to thirty drops of the saturated solution, three times a-day. 
R. Powdered calcined bone, ten pounds. Sulphuric acid, six pounds. 
Mix in a stone-ware vessel, adding one gallon of water, digest for three or four days, frequently stirring, add a gallon of boiling water, strain, adding more boiling water, till it passes almost tasteless. Concentrate to one gallon, saturate with carbonate of ammonia, filter, concentrate by gentle heat, not above 100° F., and let crys tallize. After removing each crop of crystals, add more ammonia, and concentrate. C. Ellis. 
Solution of Phosphate op Ammonia. R. Phosphate of ammonia, half an ounce. Water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful three times a day. C. Ellis. 
AMMONITE SUCCINAS.. Succinate op Ammonia. 
R. Succinic acid, one part Water, four part* 


110 
AMMONIA SULPHAS — AMMONIACTJM. 
Put in a capsule, and add sufficient water of ammonia, till perfectly saturated, with a slight excess of alkali; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. 
Impure Succinate op Ammonia. R. Spirits of hartshorn, at wi 
at will. 
Saturate with a solution of succinic acid, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Bavan Ph. 
Bavan Ph. 
Spirit op Succinate of Ammonia. R. Spirit of hartshorn, two fl. ounces. Sal ammoniac, four ounces. Carbonate of potassa, twelve ounces. Powdered amber, six ounces. Oil of lemons, two fl. drachms. 
Mix the sal ammoniac, oil, and amber, add the carbonate of potassa to three pints of alcohol, mixed with a pint of water, and distil on a sandbath. Dose,'thirty to fifty drops, as an antispasmodic. Niemann. 
R. Mastich, two drachms. Alcohol, nine fl. drachms. 
Dissolve, decant, and add 
Oil of lavender, fourteen minims. Oil of amber, four minims. Stronger solution of ammonia, one pint. Mix. Lond. Ph. 
This is the old " eau de luce" a powerful stimulant in cases of fainting. 
Mixture of Succinate of Ammonia. R. Liquid succinate of ammonia, Elixir of liquorice, each, two parts. Wine of opium, Antimonial wine, each, one part. Mix. Useful in hooping cough, in doses of ten to forty drops, every two hours. Augustin. 
Spirit op Ammonia and Succinic Acid. 
R. Succinic acid, one part. Hot water, eight parts. 
Saturate the solution with carbonate of ammonia, and filter. Antispasmodic, sudorific. Van Mons. 
Ammon. Succinic Acid, and Ether. 
R. Ammon. succinic acid, Sulphuric ether, equal parts. 
Mix. Much praised in gout and rheumatism. Dose, twenty to forty drops in sugar and water, two or three times a-day. St. Marie. 
Mixture oe Succinate op Ammonia. R. Liquid succinate of 
ammonia, five fl. drachms. Tincture of castor, Anisated ammon. 
alcohol, each, three fl. drachms. Tincture of mace, two fl. drachm3. " nutmeg, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Fifteen to twenty-five drops, three or four times a-day, in hysteria. Augustin. 
Liniment op Succinate op Ammonia. R. Liquid succinate of 
ammonia, one fl. ounce. Camphorated oil, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a liniment to the neck in angina. St. Marie. 
R. Camphor, two scruples. Oil of turpentine, two drachms. 
Dissolve, and add Soft-soap, one ounce. 
Ointment of bayberries, two drachms. Succinate of ammonia, fifteen grains. 
Mix. As a friction in chronic rheumatism, especially sciatica. Cadet. 
AMMONIJ SULPHAS. Sulphate op Ammonia. 
R. Diluted sulphuric acid, at will. Carbonate of ammonia, sufficient 
to saturate; filter, and crystallize. Soubeiran. Laxative and stimulant. Dose, from a scruple to half a drachm. 
AMMONIACUM. 
Ammoniac. 
This gum-resin is found in the shops, either in whitish or yellowish tears, or in yellowish or brownish masses. It has an unpleasant odor, and a nauseous and somewhat bitter taste. It is the product of Ferula tingitana, Linn.; and of Dorema ammoniacum, Don. 
Pereira, Mat. Med. ii. 489. Griffith, Med. Bot. 325, 331. 
Its effects on the system are somewhat like those of assafetida, and appear to be most marked on the bronchial mucous membrane. It also is considered to be emmenagogue. The dose is from six to twelve grains. It is employed externally as a resolvent. 
Ammoniac Pills. R. Ammoniac, o: 
one drachm. 
Syrup of gum, 
sufficient 
to make thirty-six pills. 
Soubeiran. 


111 
AMMONIACUM. 
R. Ammoniac, Myrrh, each, two drachms. 
Extract of horehound, one drachm. " liquorice, three drachms. 
Mix. Make two grain pills. Dose, four to ten every three hours. Augustin. 
R. Ammoniac, one ounce. 
Sagapenum, two ounces. 
Elixir proprietatis, suflicient 
to make four grain pills. As a remedy in obstructed menstruation. Bories. 
R. Ammoniac, two drachms. 
Soap, one drachm. 
Oil of juniper, twenty drops. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains. Augustin. 
Klein's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac, Extract of centaury, each, half an ounce. Soap, one ounce. 
Oil of amber, ten drops. Triturate, and make pills of two grains. Spielmann. 
Pills op Ammoniac and Rhubarb. R. Ammoniac, 
Soap, Rhubarb, each, two drachms. 
Triturate, and make with water three grain pills. Dose, two pills, three to four times a-day. Tissot. 
Compound Ammoniac Pill. R. Ammoniac, one dra 
one drachm. 
Blue pill, fifteen grains. Powdered squill, six grains. Simple syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a-day, in asthmatic cough with hepatic derangement. Ainslie. 
De Haen's Pills. 
R. Ammoniac, Pil. aloes and myrrh, each, one drachm. Soap, Extract of conium, each, a drachm and a half. Triturate, and form into three grain pills. Dose, four a day, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. St. Marie. 
Ammoniac Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac, 
two drachms, half a pint. 
Water, 
Rub the ammoniac with the water gradually added, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is from one to two tablespoonfuls. 
Compound Ammoniac Mixture. R. Ammoniac, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Make a mixture, and add 
Oxymel of squills, two fl. ounces. Paregoric elixir, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Ellis. 
R. Ammoniac mixture, five fl. ounces. Oxymel of squills, half fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, twenty-six minims. Distilled vinegar, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in cough, or humoral asthma. Ainslie. 
R. Ammoniac, Assafetida, , c each, Soap, > . '• Powdered valerian, Flowers of arnica, 
two drachms. 
Tartar emetic, eighteen grains. 
Mix, and make two-grain pills. In doses of four or five, three times a-day. In amaurosis, arising from abdominal affections. Richter. 
Ammoniac and Nitric Acid Mixture. 
R. Ammoniac, two and a half scruples. Diluted nitric acid, two fl. drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Add the acid to the water, then gradually rub the gum with the acid compound, in a composition mortar. 
A tablespoonful, two or three times a day. It is highly beneficial in chronic catarrh, especially in that of elderly persons. Ellis. 
Mixtures op Ammoniac. 
R. Ammoniac mixture, three fl. ounces. Tincture of castor, half a fl. drachm. Syrup of tolu, half a fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty to thirty drops. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every three or four hours in troublesome cough. Meigs. 
R. Ammoniac, Gum Arabic, each, half an ounce Infusion of hyssop, six fl. ounces. Syrup of capillaire (maidenhair), 
.wo fl. ounces 


112 
AMYGDALA- AMYGDALA DULCIS. 
Rub the ammoniac and gum with the infusion until a solution is formed. In tablespoonful doses, occasionally, in catarrhs. Radius. 
R. Ammoniac mixture, four fl. ounces. Wine of ammoniac, Paregoric elixir, each, half fl. ounce. Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. In teaspoonful doses, occasionally, as an expectorant 
Ammoniac Plaster. 
R. Ammoniac, five ounces. Diluted acetic acid, half a pint. 
Dissolve the ammoniac in the acid and strain; evaporate in a water-bath to a proper consistence. U. S Ph. 
Useful as an application to indolent and scrofulous tumors to promote suppuration. 
Plaster op Ammoniac with Mercury. 
R. Ammoniac, one pound. Mercury, three ounces. Olive oil, one fl. drachm. Sulphur, eight grains. 
To the heated oil, add the sulphur gradually, stirring constantly, then rub the mercury with the compound, until the globules disappear; lastly, add the ammoniac previously melted and strained, and with a gentle heat rub them well together. U. S. Ph. 
More active than the simple ammoniac plaster. Used as a discutient to tumid glands and other indolent swellings, especially syphilitic. Sometimes salivates. 
Gum Plaster 
R. Litharge plaster, four ounces. Ammoniac, Galbanum, Beeswax, each, half an ounce. 
Melt the gum resins together and strain; melt also the plaster and wax; add the two mixtures together and thoroughly incorporate. Edin. Ph. 
A good digestive and suppurative for indolent tumors 
Ammoniac Plaster with Hemlock. 
R. Strained ammoniac, three ounces. Extract of hemlock, two drachms. 
Melt, and add 
Solution subacetate of lead, one 
SUr till cold. Ph. Chem. 
AMYGDALA. 
Almonds. 
AMYGDALA AMARA. 
Bitter Almonds. 
AMYGDALA DULCIS. 
Sweet Almonds. 
The almond-tree, Amygdalus communis, is about the size and much resembles the peachtree in appearance. It is a native of Persia and Syria, and is extensively cultivated in the southern parts of Europe. There are several varieties, the most important of which are the sweet and the bitter: the former having a sweet, bland kernel; and the latter, one that has the bitter taste of the peach kernel. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Amygdalaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 677. Griffith, Med. Bot. 284. 
Sweet almonds act as a demulcent; but the bitter have some of the properties of hydrocyanic acid. 
Butter op Almonds. 
R. Blanched almonds, ten drachms. White sugar, twelve drachms. Orange-flower water, two drachms. 
Triturate till reduced to a homogeneous paste. Guibourt. 
A spoonful, stirred in a tumbler of water, forms an extemporaneous syrup of orgeat, which latter preparation is difficult to preserve. 
Almond Paste. 
R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. Oil of almonds, Lemon juice, each, a sufficient 
quantity. Diluted alcohol, five ounces. 
Form a paste. Taddei. 
R. Blanched almonds, Rice flour, each, eight ounces. Bean flour, sixteen ounces. 
Myrrh, two ounces. 
Camphor, one ounce and a half. White soap, twenty ounces. 
Form a paste. Spielmann. 
Used as a cosmetic. 
Almond Powder 
R. Blanched almonds, two pounds. Rice flour, Orris root, each, iour ounces. 
Benzoin, Carbonate of potass , Spermaceti, each, one ounce. 


113 
AMYGDALA DULCIS. 
Oil of rhodium, " lavender, " cloves, each, thirty drops. 
Form a powder. Used as a cosmetic. 
Almond Emulsions. 
R. Blanched almonds, 
one ounce. 
Pound in a marble mortar, and gradually add Water, sixteen ounces. 
Strain. Beral. R. Blanched almonds, two ounces. White sugar, half an ounce. Pound in a marble mortar, and add 
Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Strain, and add 
Orange-flower water, two drachms. 
Almond Confection. 
R. Blanched almonds, one ounce- 
Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. " sugar, half an ounce. 
Pound well in a marble mortar till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph., 1830. 
One drachm triturated with an ounce of distilled water forms an excellent emulsion, which is nutritive and emollient. 
Compound Almond Lotion. 
R. Sweet almonds, one ounce. 
Bitter " four drachms. Form an emulsion with 
Cherry brandy, ten fl. ounces. 
Add 
Corrosive sublimate, six grains. Tincture of benzoin, six drachms. Lemon juice, four drachms. 
Mix. As a lotion for pustular eruptions on the face. The mixture should be shaken before it is used. Siemerling. 
Syrup of Orgeat. 
R. Sweet almonds, one pound. Bitter " five ounces. 
White sugar, six pounds. Orange-flower water, eight fl. ounces. Water, three pints. 
Blanch the almonds, beat them into a paste with some of the water and the sugar, mix this paste with the rest of the water, press, and strain; dissolve the remainder of the sugar in the emulsion by means of a water-bath, add the orange-flower water, and strain. Paris Cod. 
8 
Syrup op Orgeat. 
R. Sweet almonds, twelve ounces. Bitter almonds, four ounces. Sugar, six pounds. Water, sufficient. Orange-flower water, four fl. ounces. 
Blanch the almonds, pound thoroughly in a marble mortar (after having soaked them in cold water), mix gradually with one pint and a half of water, and strain with expression. Repeat the process with the same quantity of water, and make up the strained liquor to three pints, in which dissolve the sugar with a gentle heat. When cold, add the orange-flower water and mix. Ambrose Smith. 
The U. S. Ph. for 1850 directs an almond syrup, which only differs from the above in not containing any orange-flower water. All of these syrups are demulcent and nutritive. But they are chiefly used as flavoring ingredients in cough mixtures. 
Artificial Milk. 
R. Blanched almonds, 
No. 2. 
Make an emulsion with 
four fl. ounces. 
Boiling water, 
Cow's milk, six fl. ounces. 
W T hite sugar, one drachm. 
Strain. As a substitute for breast-milk for 
infants. Rosenstein. 
Anodyne Milk. 
R. Blanched almonds, four ounces. Melon seed, Squash seed, each, one ounce. 
Lettuce seed, Poppy seed, each, one drachm. 
Triturate well, adding gradually 
Barley water, sufficient. Strain and express; to be taken in glassful doses, to which are to be added two drachms of sugar. Pierquin. 
Milk of Roses 
R. Almonds, one ounce. 
Rose water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Soap, half a drachm. Attar of roses, two drops. 
Blanch the almonds, dry them well with a cloth, beat them to a paste, add the soap, tritu rate well, then add the rose-water and alcohol, rub well together, and strain through fine linen. This keeps well. Bateman 
R. Blanched almonds, eight ounces. Rose water, three pints. Windsor soap, White wax, Oil of almonds, each, half an ounce 


114 
AMYGDALA DULCIS — AMYGDALA AMARA. 
Rectified spirit, twelve ounces. Oil of bergamot, half an ounce. " lavender, one drachm. Attar of roses, half a drachm. 
Beat the almonds with the rose-water, so as to form an emulsion; melt the soap, wax, and almond oil together by a gentle heat, and rub the mixture with the emulsion; strain ; dissolve the essential oils in the spirit, and mix with the 6trained emulsion. Redwood. 
Goulard's Lotion. R. Emulsion of bitter almonds, two hundred parts. Corrosive sublimate, Sal ammoniac, each, one part. Foy. 
Almond Cream. 
R. Marrow pomatum, Almond oil, each, two ounces. 
Melt by a gentle heat, and add 
Oil of jasmine, two drachms, stirring till cold. As an application to the hair. Bateman. 
Oil op Almonds. 
The kernels of almonds are to be rubbed and shaken in a bag to remove the reddish dust that adheres to them, then ground in a mill or pounded in a stone mortar. The marc is to be subjected to pressure in a linen bag, and the oil filtered. 
Cold Cream. 
R. Rose water, one fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. 
Melt together the oil, spermaceti, and wax, by means of a water-bath, add the rose-water, and stir constantly until the mixture is cold. V. S. Ph. 
Almond Emulsion. 
R. Sweet almonds, half an ounce. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Water, half a pint. 
Blanch the almonds, beat them with the gum and sugar till thoroughly mixed; then rub the mixture with the water gradually added, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
A good demulcent, in irritation or inflammation of mucous membranes, and may be freely used. 
Aromatic Almond Emulsion. R. Blanched almonds, 
Simple syrup. 
Orange-flower water, each, one ounce- Water, fourteen ounces. 
Rub down the almonds with a little of the water, incorporate the paste with the remainder of the fluid, and strain. Beral. 
Green Linctus. 
R. Pistachio nuts (Pistacia Vera), 
No. 14. 
Syrup of violets, one ounce. 
Oil of almonds, half an ounce. Gum tragacanth, sixteen grains. Tincture of saffron, twenty drops. Orange-flower water, two drachms. Water, four ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Soubeiran. Employed as a demulcent cough mixture. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Emollient Clyster. R. Oil of almonds, Brown sugar, each, o Barley water, ha 
one ounce, half a pint. 
Mix. 
Saunders. 
Bitter Almond Water. 
R. Oil of bitter almonds, sixteen minims. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Water, two pints. 
Rub the oil with the carbonate, then with the water gradually added, and filter through papor 
The full dose is a tablespoonful. 
Diuretic Water. 
R. Bitter almonds, four ounces. Dried elder flowers, six ounces. Peach kernels, four ounces. Cherry kernels, two ounces. Wine, eight pints. 
Digest for two days and distil off one-half. Palat. Ph. 
Said to act as a diuretic in doses of half an ounce, but requires to be used with much caution. 
Oil op Bitter Almonds. 
R. Bitter almonds, twenty pounds. Water, a suflicient quantity. 
Pound the almonds, express the oil, let the cake macerate in water for twenty-four hours, distil as long as the product is odorous, separate the oil, redistil the water, and again separate the oil. Cottereau, 
Very poisonous, especially when fresh ; principally employed as a flavoring ingredient, but should always be used with great caution. Dose, 
half a drop. 


AMYLUM 
115 
Lockstadt's Pills. 
R. Sulphate of quinine, three grains. Aromatic powder, ten grains. Oil of bitter almonds, one drop. Extract of gentian, sufficient. 
Make ten pills. The whole to be taken at a dose, before an expected paroxysm of intermittent fever. Phoebus. 
White Linctus. 
R. Blanched sweet almonds, No. 12. White sugar, six drachms. Gum tragacanth, twelve grains. Orange-flower water, one fl. drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Guibourt. 
Used as a demulcent, in catarrhs and bowel- 
complaints. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
R. Blanched almonds, four drachms. White sugar, six drachms. Oil of almonds, three fl. drachms. Orange-flower water, two fl. drachms. Gum tragacanth, sixteen grains. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Giordano. 
Mixtures of Oil of Almonds. R. Oil of almonds, 
Simple syrup, Water, equal parts. 
Make an emulsion. Ratier. 
R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
Gum Arabic, White sugar, each, half an ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Foy. R. Oil of almonds, 
Gum Arabic, Orange-flower water, each, half an ounce. Syrup of mallows, one ounce. Water, three ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Paris Cod. R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Syrup of mallows, one ounce. 
Orange-flower water, two drachms. Water, two ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Guibourt. 
R. Oil of almonds, Syrup of orgeat, each, seven drachms. Gum Arabic, . two drachms. Bitter almond water, half an ounce. 
Make an emulsion. Dose, a teaspoonful. Radius. 
R. Oil of sweet almonds, Syrup of tolu, each, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Solution subcarbonate 
potassa, sufficient. Make emulsion. A tablespoonful two or three times a day in catarrh. Ainslie. 
Cosmetic Liniment. 
R. Oil of almonds, 
one ounce. 
Balsam of Mecca, one drachm. Sub. carb. of potassa, half a drachm. Rose water, four fl. ouuees. 
Rub the, balsam with the oil, add the potassa, triturate for ten minutes, and gradually introduce the rose water. 
Macassar Oil. R. Oil of almonds, Alkanet root, 
at will, sufficient 
to color. 
Oil of cinnamon, to scent. 
suflicient 
Steph. and Church. 
Bandoline. 
R. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
White wax, one drachm. Tincture of mastich, three drachms. Oil of bergamot, one drachm. 
Melt the oil and wax together by a moderate heat, then add the tincture of mastic and oil of bergamot, and strain. 
To fix and retain the hair in form. 
Redwood. 
AMYLUM. 
Starch. Mucilage of Starch. 
R. Starch, four drachms. Water, one pint. 
Triturate the starch with the water gradually added, then boil for a few minutes. Lond Ph. 
Mainly employed as a demulcent injection in irritation of the rectum, &c, and forms a good vehicle for laudanum and other active remedies when given in enemata. 
Compound Powder of Starch. R. Liquorice root, one oun 
one ounce. 
Starch, Gum Arabic, " tragacanth, > each, two ounces. Quince seed, Poppy seed, 


116 
AMYLI IODIDUM —ANGELICA. 
Blanched almonds, four ounces. Sugar candy, twelve ounces. 
Triturate well. Van Mons. 
Has been advised in spitting of blood, catarrh, and diarrhoea, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 
Starch Lozenges. 
R. Starch, 
Orris root, each, half an ounce. Extract of liquorice, one ounce. Saffron, half an ounce. White sugar, * one pound. 
Mix, and form into lozenges. Pideret. 
R. Starch, one ounce. 
Gum Arabic, two ounces. White sugar, one pound. Benzoic acid, half a drachm. Rose water, sufficient 
to form a paste. To be divided into lozenges. Swediaur. 
These lozenges are somewhat stimulating, and are best suited to chronic catarrhs. 
Starch Jelly. 
R. Starch, six ounces. Water, six pounds. 
Boil till reduced to three pounds, and add Wine, four ounces. Lemon juice, one ounce. 
Simple syrup, two ounces. Mix well, and permit to cool. Swediaur. 
A nourishing diet for convalescents. 
Mixture op Starch and Suet. R. Cow's milk, six pounds. Mutton suet, two ounces. 
Boil by a gentle heat; constantly stirring, and add 
Starch, a spoonful. Boil a short time, and add 
White sugar, a sufficiency. Recommended in wineglassfuls in dysentery. Pringle. 
AMYLI IODIDUM, 
Iodide op Starch. 
R. Iodine, twenty-four grains. Triturate with a little water, and add gradually 
Powdered starch, one ounce. 
Continue the trituration till the mixture assumes a deep and uniform color. Buchanan. 
Dose, half a drachm, to be gradually increased to four drachms. Given in cases reft, luring the use of iodine. 
ANEMONE. 
Anemone. 
A genus of perennial herbs with radical leaves. They are all acrid and stimulating. The species most generally employed, are the A. pratensis and A. pulsatilla,-both natives of Europe; but it is probable that the A. patens of this country has the same properties. The A. pratensis was at one time in much repute in amaurosis and chronic diseases of the skin. 
Sex. Syst. Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Ranunculace©. 
Lindley, Med. Flor. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 80. 
Extract op Anemone. 
R. Fresh anemone, a sufficient quantity. Pound in a mortar with a little water, express the juice, and evaporate in a water-bath. Beral. The dose is from one grain to four, gradually increasing. It has been advised in doses of half a grain to a grain, in combination with sugar of milk, in hooping cough. 
Anemone Pills. 
R. Powder of anemone, one drachm. Extract of anemone, sufficient. 
Make sixty pills. Dose, one to five, three times a-day, gradually increasing. 
Said to have proved useful in amaurosis. 
Collyrium op Anemone. 
R. Anemone, three drachms. Water, sufficient 
to make six ounces of infusion; add Corrosive sublimate, one grain. To be dropped in the eye, in opacity of the cornea and incipient cataract. Radius. 
Water op Anemone. 
R. Fresh anemone, 4 four parts. Water, sufficient to prevent empyrcuma. Distil six parts. Van Mons. 
This is the best preparation, as it contains the active principle. It is somewhat caustic, and has been recommended to remove freckles on the skin. 
ANGELICA. 
Angelica. 
The only species of this genus that is officinal in our Pharmacopoeia, is A. atro-purpurea. This possesses much the same properties as the Garden Angelica, and is popularly used in flatulent colic and cardialgia. In Europe, the A. officii nalis is generally used; and, as both species appear to possess the same properties, they may be indifferently employed. 


117 
ANGUSTUR A —ANISUM. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Apia- 
also obtained from one or more other species, all natives of South America. It is compact in flat or rolled, but seldom quilled pieces, of a light gray color externally, and of a yellowishfawn within. It is very fragile, with a resinous fracture. The odor is faint but disagreeable ; the taste is bitter and somewhat aromatic, leaving a sensation of pungency. Its powder is pale yellow. Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat Syst. Rutacere. 
cere. 
Torrey and Gray, Flor. 1, 64. Griffith, Med. 
Bot 322. 
Compound Tincture op Angelica. R. Aniseed, 
Angelica seed, each, half a pound. Proof spirit, one gallon. 
Water sufficient to prevent empyreuma. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and distil a gallon. 
Hancock, Trans. Med. Soc. 1849. Griffith, Med. Bot. 192. 
A stimulant, used as a stomachic and carminative. Dose, half a drachm to four drachms. Dublin Ph. 1826. 
It is a stimulating tonic, in large doses acting on the stomach and bowels. It is more used in chronic diarrh>ea, and a debilitated condition of the stomach and bowels, than as a febrifuge. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 
Tincture op Angelica. R. Angelica root, or 
Angelica root, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Water, sixteen parts. 
Infusion op Angustura. 
R. Bruised angustura bark, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Distil six parts. Van Mons. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Pharm. The dose is two fl. ounces, every two to four hours. 
Employed as a carminative and alexipharmic, in doses of one or two fl. drachms. 
Water op Angelica. R. Angelica root, ( 
one part, six parts. Cottereau. 
Tincture op Angustura. 
Water, 
R. Powdered angustura bark, four and a half ounces. 
Distil three parts. 
Proof spirit, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, then filter, Ed. Pharm. 
Errhine Mixture R. Water of angelica, " orange flowers, u roses, e 
This contains the active principles of the bark, and may be given in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. 
equal parts. 
Mix. 
Pierquin. 
This has been recommended to destroy the fetid smell in ozoena. 
Electuary op Angustura. 
R. Powdered angustura, half an ounce. " canella, half a drachm. Honey, a sufficient quautity. 
Conserve of Angelica. 
R. Fresh root of angelica, one part. Water, eight parts. 
Make an electuary. Foy. This has been employed with benefit in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, in doses of about a drachm. 
Macerate for a few days, boil, clarify the decoction, and add 
Sugar, one part and a half. Cook the root in the syrup, and preserve in this state, or dry. Giordano. 
Mixture op Angustura. 
R. Infusion of angustura, Bix fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, half fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty drops. 
Essence of Angelica. R. Angelica root, o 
Angelica root, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Water, sixteen parts. 
Mix. Three spoonfuls a day. Radius 
Distil off six parts. Stomachic and carminative. Van Mons. 
Van Mons. 
ANISUM. 
Anise. 
ANGUSTURA 
This is the fruit of Pimpinella anisum, a peren nial plant, cultivated largely in some parts of Europe, and often met with in gardens in this country. The seeds are of a grayish-greeu color, of an ovate, compressed form, with fi»«» 
Angustura Bark. 
This is recognized by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia as the product of Galipea officinalis, but is 


118 
ANTHEMIS. 
pale, narrow ridges. They are aromatic, and have a pleasant, sweetish taste. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 319. 
Anise is an aromatic stimulant, and is used in various forms, in colic and dyspepsia, and to prevent the griping of some purgatives. The oil is officinal, but is almost entirely superseded by that of Jllicium anisatum, which is nearly identical. 
Spirit of Aniseed. 
R. Aniseed, bruised, ten ounces. Proof spirit, one gallon. Water, two pints. 
Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle fire. Lond. Pharm. 1836. 
R. Oil of anise, three fl. drachms. Proof spirit, one gallon. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Lond. Ph. 1851. 
Essence of Aniseed 
R. Oil of aniseed, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, on sugar. Dub. Ph. 
Aniseed Water. 
R. Essence of aniseed, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, four pints. 
Mix with agitation, and filter through paper. Dub. Ph. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Anise Lozenges. 
R. White sugar, Anise water, each, two ounces. 
Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and add a mixture of 
White sugar, four ounces. Oil of anise, half a drachm. Pour on a cold marble slab. Cottereau. 
Used as a carminative and anti-dyspeptic. 
Mixture of Aniseed. 
R. Powdered aniseed, " fennel-seed, Extract of liquorice, each, 
one ounce. 
Syrup of mallows, twelve ounces. Mix. Hanover Pharm. 
Said to be an excellent carminative, especially io" 1 children, in doses of about a tea- 
woonfu. 
Tincture op Aniseed. 
R. Spirit of aniseed, sixteen ounces. Elixir proprietatis, one ounce. 
Aromatic confection, half an ounce. Pink flowers, one drachm. 
Filter, after sufficient maceration. Wirtemburg Pharm. Stomachic, carminative, and pectoral. Dose, one to two drachms. 
Oil op Anise Mixture. 
R. Oil of anise, twelve minims. Sugar, one drachm. Tincture of ginger, two fl. drachms. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, two or three spoonfuls, as a carminative. Ainslie. 
ANTHEMIS 
Chamomile. 
Several species of Anthemis are employed in medicine, but the most important and the only one recognized in the U. S. Pharm., is A. nobilis. This is an herbaceous perennial, a native of Europe, where it is also extensively cultivated, and is also to be found in gardens in this country. The part used is the flowers; these, as found in the shops, are large, roundish, of a yellowish white color, a peculiar, somewhat balsamic, odor, and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1260. Griffith, Med. Bot. 401. Chamomile is an aromatic bitter tonic, in small doses, but emetic in large ones; the usual mode of administration is in infusion. 
Infusion of Chamomile. 
R. Chamomile, half an ounce. Roiling water, one pint. Macerate for ten minutes in a covered vessel, 
and strain. U. S. Pliarm. 
When cold, it is tonic in doses of one or two fl. ounces, several times a day. As an aid to the operation of emetics, it should be given in a tepid state, and largely. 
Compound Decoction of Chamomile. R. Chamomile, half an ounce. 
half an ounce. 
Fennel seed, two drachms. 
Water, one pint. 
Boil for a short time, and strain. 
Dublin Pharm. 1826. 
Extract of Chamomile. R. Chamomile, one 
one pound, one gallon. 
Water, 


ANTIMONIUM—ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM. 
119 
Boil down to four pints, filter whilst hot, and evaporate in the vapor-bath to proper consistence. . Edin. Pharm. 
A mild, bitter tonic, in doses of ten to twenty grains. 
Mixture op Chamomile 
R. Infusion of chamomile, four fl. 
ounces. 
Syrup of orange-flowers, one fl. ounce. Ethereal tincture of valerian, one fl. 
drachm. 
Mi?. Foy. This has proved useful in hysteria, and other nervous diseases, especially where the stomach is disordered. Dose, a dessertspoonful. 
R. Extract of chamomile, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. Tamarind pulp, Syrup of chamomile, each, one ounce. 
Mix. Phoebus. Said to be useful in diarrhoea, in tablespoonful doses. 
Syrup op Chamomile. 
R. Water of chamomile, two pounds. Syrup of mallows, half a pound. Extract of liquorice, one ounce. 
Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Has been recommended in chronic cough and affections of the lungs, in doses of one or two ounces, to be taken during the day. R. Coarsely powdered chamomile, one 
ounce. 
Cold water, twelve fl. ounces. Coarsely powdered sugar, twenty 
ounces. 
Make an infusion by displacement, of the chamomile and water. Remove the residue, and substitute the sugar in its place ; on this pour the infusion, till entirely dissolved. Dose, a tablespoonful. E. Parrish. 
Compound Chamomile Pills. 
R. Assafetida, one scruple and a half. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. 
Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. Three, twice a day in flatulent dyspepsia. Ainslie. 
ANTIMONIUM 
Antimony. 
A metal of a silvery blue color, very brilliant, of a lamellar texture, brittle and easily pulver- 
ized. Metallic antimony or Regulus of antimony, is not officinal in our Pharmacopoeia, but is the basis of a great number of very important preparations. 
ANTIMONII CHLORIDUM Chloride op Antimony. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony, one part. Muriatic acid, five parts. 
Dissolve by aid of a gentle heat, let stand, decant, evaporate, and then distil almost to dry. ness. » Soubeiran. 
Solution op Terchloride op Antimony. 
R. Precipitated sulphuret of antimony, one pound. Muriatic acid, four pints. 
Add, dissolve by a gentle and increasing heat, and finally boil for fifteen minutes. Strain and boil down to two pints. Sp. gr. 1.470. Dub. Ph. 
The butter of antimony is used as a caustic, to destroy fungous flesh and to cauterize poisoned wounds. 
Nitro-Muriatic Oxide op Antimony. R. Prepared sulphuret of antimony, 
twenty parts. Muriatic acid, one hundred parts. Nitric acid, one part. 
Digest the sulphuret with the acids, mixed in a glass, avoiding the fumes, with a gradually increasing heat. Boil for an hour, and pour the liquor, when cooled and filtered, into a gallon of water. Wash the precipitate with plenty of water, till the latter no longer reddens litmus paper, then dry the oxide on bibulous paper. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
R. Liquid chloride of antimony, at will. Distilled water, sufficient. 
Agitate together, wash the precipitate that forms with cold water, and dry by a gentle heat. Van Mons. 
This preparation, which is known as the Powder of Algaroth, is of very uncertain action, and is not used, except in making tartar emetic. Dose, two or three grains. 
Ointment op Chloride op Antimony R. Liquid chloride of antimony, 
Corrosive sublimate, each, one drachm. Powdered savine, two drachma Lard, six drachms. 
Mix. To destroy venereal excrescences. Radius. 


120 
ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM. 
ANTIMONII SULPHURETUM 
Sulphuret of Antimony. 
The sulphuret or crude antimony is now seldom used as a medical agent, but is the basis of almost all the preparations of that metal. Some forms of exhibition are, however, still in favor, on the continent of Europe. 
Precipitated Sulphuret op Anti- 
mony. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony, six ounces. Solution of potassa, four pints. Distilled water, Diluted sulphuric acid, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the sulphuret with the solution of potassa and twelve pints of the water, boil by a gentle heat for two hours, frequently stirring, and adding more water, to keep up the original quantity. Strain, while hot; and gradually add the sulphuric acid as long as a precipitate is produced; wash well with hot water, dry, and powder. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to five grains. 
Pills op Sulphuret op Antimony. R. Sulphuret of antimony, one ounce. Guaiacum, two drachms. 
Extract of 
fumitory, a sufficient quantity. Mix, and make pills of two grains each. Radius. 
Much employed in Germany, as an alterative in diseases of the skin. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony, half a drachm.. Extract of opium, five to eight grains. " guaiacum, two drachms. Make fifty pills. Foy. Advised in gouty affections; nine pills being given three times a-day. 
Lozenges of Sulphuret of Antimony. R. White sugar, one hundred and ninety- 
two parts. Sulphuret of antimony, eight parts. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one part. 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains, each containing half a grain of the sulphuret. Beral. 
Much employed in Europe, as an alterative n diseases of the skin, in rheumatism, gout, &c. 
Ointment of Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. White wax, four ounces. Olive oil, twelve ounces. 
Melt together, and add 
Powdered charcoal, two ounces. Precipitated sulphur, Sulphuret of antimony, each, one ounce. 
Stir well until cold. Radius. Used as an application in tinea capitis. 
Kermes Mineral 
R. Crystallized carbonate of soda, 125 parts. Water, 1280 parts. Sulphuret of antimony, 6 parts. Boil the antimony for an hour in the solution of soda, filter the hot liquor into warm earthen pans, cool very slowly, wash the precipitate with cold water, dry at a moderate temperature, and keep in well-closed bottles. Parts Cod. Dose, one to three grains. 
Kermesine Powder. 
R. Kermes mineral, two grains. Sugar of milk, Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. 
Divide into six powders. Radius. Given as a diaphoretic and expectorant, in the dose of one every four hours. 
Compound Kermesine Powder. R. Kermes mineral, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, one grain. Prepared chalk, Gum Arabic, each, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into three powders; one to be taken three times a-day, in a spoonful of tea. St. Marie. 
This formula has been much praised in hooping-cough ; the proportions are intended for a child of about twelve years of age. 
Lozenges op Kermes Mineral. R. Kermes mineral, 
Powdered squill, each, sixty grains. Extract of opium, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, two drachms. White sugar, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix, and make four hundred lozenges. Foy, These are expectorant and calming in catarrh. One is to be taken every two hours. R. Kermes mineral, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, eight ounces. Extract of opium, twelve grains. " liquorice, two ounces- Sugar, thirty-two ounces 


121 
ANTIMONII SULPHAS. 
Oil of aniseed, six drops. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and form ten grain lozenges. Known as Tronchin's lozenges. Used in catarrh. Van Mons. 
R. Benzoic acid, two drachms. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Powdered orris root, four drachms. " gum Arabic, two ounces. " starch, four ounces. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and make fifteen grain lozenges. Vandamme. 
Emulsion with Kermes Mineral. R. Kermes mineral, ten grains. Oxymel of squills, one ounce. 
Emulsion of gum Arabic, four ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. Radius. 
Mixture with Kermes Mineral. 
R. Kermes mineral, two grains. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Syrup, four fl. ounces. " of grapes, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally in catarrh, when expectoration is difficult. Pierquin. 
Golden Sulphuret op Antimony. R. Mother water of kermes 
mineral, • at will. Add gradually, 
Acetic acid, 
till a precipitate is no longer formed. Wash this well in cold water, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, one to ten grains. Paris Cod. 
Powder of Golden Sulphuret of Antimony. 
R. Golden sulph. of antimony, Camphor, each, a grain and a half, to two grains. Nitrate of 
potassa, half a drachm to one 
drachm. 
Gum Arabic, White sugar, each, one drachm. 
Triturate well, and divide into six powders. Radius. 
The dose is one, ever two hours, in peripneumonia, after a reduction of the primary symptoms. 
R. Golden sulph. of antimony, eight grains. 
Opium, 
two grains. 
Powdered Peruvian bark, '* chamomile, each, four scruples. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders; to be taken during the apyrexia, of intermittent fever. Radius. 
Mixture of Sulphuret of Anti- 
mony. 
R. Golden sulph. of antimony, six grains. Extract of lettuce, one scruple. Syrup of seneka, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Phoebus. 
Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. R. Golden sulph. of anti- 
mony, one part. Quicklime, three parts. 
Triturate together, and add 
Boiling water, twenty-four parts. Dry with a gentle heat, constantly stirring, and keep in a well-closed bottle. Batav. Ph. 
Emetic and resolvent. Much praised in gout, rheumatism, scrofula, &c. Dose, one to six grains. 
Pills of Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony and lime, half a drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills; five, thrice a-day. Augustin' 
Plaster op Sulphuret of Antimony and Lime. 
R. Yellow wax, one drachm and a half. Melt, and mix 
Pitch, one ounce; and incorporate in the cooling mixture 
Sulphuret of antimony and lime, five scruples. 
As a plaster in sciatica, chronic headache. &c. It sometimes occasions p.istulcs. Radius. 
ANTIMONII SULPHAS. 
Sulphate op Antimony. 
R. Antimony, two parts. Sulphuric acid, three parts. Heat in an earthen vessel, stirring from lime to time, leave the mixture on the fire till it has assumed a grayish-white color, wash carefully, to remove the excess of acid, and dry the 
powder. 
Van Mons. 


122 
ANTIMONII ET POTASS.E TARTRAS. 
» 
ANTIMONII ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. 
Tartar Emetic. Powder of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Sugar, thirty grains. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One every, three or four hours, as a diaphoretic in fevers, after bleeding. A. T. Thomson. 
Compound Powder of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, half a drachm. Sulphate of potassa, one ounce. Powdered liquorice, one ounce and a half. Mix well. Two scruples contain one grain of tartar emetic. Beasley. R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Kermes mineral, two grains. Powdered orris root, one scruple. " gum Arabic, u sugar, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One every hour, as an expectorant. Cadet. 
Powder of Tartar Emetic and 
Quinine. 
R. Tartar emetic, three grains. Sulphate of quinine, ten grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Both vomits and purges. • Gola. 
Powder of Tartar Emetic and Phosphate op Lime. 
R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Phosphate of lime, thirty-two grains. 
Mix. To be divided into four powders; one to lie taken in the evening, in chronic dysury, produced by checked perspiration. Swediaur. 
Powder of Tartar Emetic and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Ipecacuanha, two scruples. Starch, half a drachm. 
Mix, and divide into three powders; one every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is induced. Radius. 
Bolus of Tartar Emetic. 
R Tartar emetic, six grains. Powdered Peruvian bark, six drachms. Extract of juniper, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty boluses. To be taken in »wertv-four hours in quartan intermittents. 
Laennec. 
Pills of Tartar Emetic and Cam- 
phor. 
R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Powdered opium, six grains. " camphor, thirty-six grains. Alcohol, three drops. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Powder the camphor with the alcohol, add the other powders, mix and (incorporate with the conserve, and divide into twelve pills. One every fourth hour as a diaphoretic. Ellis. 
Pills of Tartar Emetic and Opium. 
R. Tartar emetic, Opium, each, one grain and a half. Powdered tragacanth, Conserve of roses, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty-five pills. Two, night and morning, in chronic pulmonary catarrh. Parrish. 
R. Tartar emetic, twelve grains. Opium, ten grains. Crumb of bread, Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of half a grain. Dose, one increased to three in chronic rheumatism. 
Broussais. 
Pills op Tartar Emetic and Guaiacum. 
R. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered guaiacum, half a drachm. Pill of aloes and myrrh, half a drachm. Molasses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. Beasley. 
Solution of Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A tablespoonful every ten or fifteen minutes till it operates. Ellis. 
Solution op Tartar Emetic and Squill. 
R. Tartar emetic, two grains. Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. Water, two fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. One-half to be taken, and if it does not vomit in fifteen minutes, the remainder. 
Augustin. 
Emulsion of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, five gra 
five grains. 
half a drachm. 
Camphor, 


ANTIMONII ET TARTRAS. 
123 
Blanched almonds, Syrup, each, one ounce. 
Water, ten fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion with the almonds and water, mix the camphor rubbed with a few drops of alcohol, and add the tartar emetic; when disb dved, add the syrup ; emetic and expectorant, according to the dose. Van Mons. 
Clyster op Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, one to two scruples. Tepid solution of gum Arabic, one pint. 
To overcome obstinate constipation. To be used with much caution. Chapman. R. Tartar emetic, three to eight grains. Infusion of arnica, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve. In apoplexy and cerebral affections. Foy. 
Lotion op Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, one scruple. 
Water, one pint. 
Dissolve. In cutaneous affections. 
Pierquin. 
Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Cor- 
rosive Sublimate 
R. Tartar emetic, one drachm. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. drachm. 
Water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Wet the finger with the solution, and rub on the part for five or ten minutes ; it will cause a pustular eruption in a few hours. Hannay. 
Lotion of Tartar Emetic and Camphor. 
R. Tartar emetic, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Tincture of camphor, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a counter-irritant on the chest, in pulmonary complaints. Augustin. 
Ointment of Tartar Emetic. R. Tartar emetic, one dract 
one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. When applied to the skin, it occasions a pustular eruption. Hannay. 
R. Tartar emetic, two drachms. 
Sugar, one drachm. 
Cinnabar, five grains. Spermaceti ointment, nine drachms. 
Jenner. 
Mix. 
R. Tartar emetic, Lard, 
two drachms. 
one ounce 
Mix. 
U. S. Ph. 
Compound Tartar Emetic Ointment. 
R. Tartar emetic, half a drachm. 
Sal ammoniac, one drachm. 
Camphor, twenty-five grains. Musk, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As a counter-irritant, in chronic diseases of the liver. Fabre. 
Plaster with Tartar Emetic. 
R. Tartar emetic, one part. Burgundy pitch, seven parts. Mix, and spread. Beral. 
Or, it may be made by sprinkling tartar emetic on a pitch, or adhesive plaster. Ellis. 
It takes some time to produce its effect, and the eruption that ensues is very irritating and painful. 
R. Resin plaster, one ounce. 
Resin, four drachms. Venice turpentine, three drachms. 
Melt together by a gentle heat, and when nearly cold, add 
Powdered tartar emetic, one drachm. 
To be applied to the nape of the neck in scarlatina in children, also in rheumatism. 
Niemann. 
Ammoniacal Ltniment with Tartar Emetic. 
R. Ammoniacal liniment, one fl. ounce. Tartar emetic, one drachm. 
Mix. To indolent tumors, &c. Ellis. 
Antimonial Wine. 
R. Tartar emetic, one scruple. Wine, ten fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, as emetic for children, from thirty drops to a fl. drachm, every fifteen minutes, till it operates. 
Collyrium with Antimonial Wine, 
R. Antimonial wine, half fl. ounce, Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
Balsam of Fioraventi, two drops. Mix. Recommended in chronic ophthalmia. 
Smelmann. 


124 
PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS — APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. 
Mixture of Antimonial Wine and Ammoniac. 
R. Ammoniac, one scruple. Oxymel of squill, half fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Syrup of liquorice, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. A spoonful every two hours, as an expectorant. Phoebus. 
Mixture of Antimonial Wine and Laudanum. 
R. Antimonial wine, three fl. drachms. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Fifteen drops, every half hour or hour in rheumatic diarrhoea. Monro. 
Mixture of Antimonial Wine and Bitter Sweet. 
R. Antimonial wine, half fl. drachm. Syrup of marsh mallow, three fl. drachms. 
Fennel water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Extract of bitter sweet, fifteen graius. Cream of tartar, forty-five grains. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in hooping cough in young children. Pfwebus. 
Syrup of Antimonial Wine. 
R. Antimonial wine, \ Sal ammoniac, >• . • K » . ' I two drachms. Ammoniac, ) Oxymel of squill, one ounce. 
Syrup of mallow, half a pound. Mix. In pectoral affections, to facilitate expectoration and to keep the bowels open. A spoonful every hour. Cadet. 
PULVIS ANTIMONIALIS. 
Antimonial Powder. 
R. Sulphuret of antimony, powdered, Horn shavings, equal parts. 
Mix, and put them in a red-hot iron pot, and stir constantly till they acquire an ash-gray color, and no vapor arises. Pulverize the produet, put it in a crucible with a perforated cover, and expose this to a heat gradually increased to whiteness, which is to be kept up for two hours. When cold, reduce the product to u fine powder. Ed. Ph. 
Emetic and diaphoretic; in doses of three to eight grains, diaphoretic; in larger, emetic and purgative, but very uncertain in its operation. 
James's Powder. R. Tartar emetic, o Prepared burnt hartshorn, Oxide of antimony, 
one scruple. 
each, five scruples. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-one grain powders. Said to be the formula by which the original powder was prepared by Dr. James. (Vid. Phil. Journ. Pharm., vi. 282). 
Pills of Antimonial Powder and Calomel. 
R. Antimonial powder, ten grains. Powdered opium, Calomel, each, two grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken at bed-time in acute rheumatism. Ellis. 
APOCYNUM. 
Dogsbane. 
Two species of this genus are officinal in the U. S. Pharm. A. androsoemifolium and A. cannabinum, possessed of much the same properties ; these are emetic, cathartic, and sometimes diuretic. The latter is rather the more powerful. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apocynacese. 
A. ANDROSCEMIFOLIUM. 
Dogsbane. 
Bigelow, Med. Bot. ii. 148. Griffith, Med. Bot. 449. 
A native of most parts of the U. S. Emetio and diaphoretic. Dose, 40 grains as an emetic; where it is wished to act on the skin, five to ten grains combined with a grain of opium. 
A. CANNABINUM. 
Indian Hemp. 
Griscom, Am. Journ. Med. Sci. xii. 55. Grif fith, Med. Bot. 450. 
Found in many parts of the United States. Emetic, in doses of fifteen to thirty grains. 
Decoction op Indian Hemp. 
R. Root of Indian hemp, half an ounce Water, a pint and a half 
Boil to a pint. Griscom. 
This has been found useful in dropsy, in doses of one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, acting as a hydragogue purgative. 


125 
ARALIA —ARGENTI CYANURETUM. 
Extract op Indian Hemp. R. Powdered root of Indian 
hemp, one pound. Water, one gallon. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to one quart, strain, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Dose, three to five grains. Acts like the decoction, but is not as efficient. 
ARALIA. 
Most of the species of this genus are medicinal, but two only are officinal. Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Araliaoess, 
A. NUDICAULIS. 
False Sarsaparilla. 
Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 646. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 344. 
A mild, stimulating diaphoretic, the root has been employed as a substitute for sarsaparilla; best given in infusion. 
A. SPINOSA. 
Angelica Tree. 
Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 647. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 345. 
The bark is a stimulating diaphoretic; a decoction has been found useful in rheumatic, syphilitic, and cutaneous affections; as has also a tincture. 
ARCTIUM. 
Burdock. 
One species of this genus is officinal in our Pharmacopoeia, the A. lappa. (Lappa minor). Sex. Syst. Syngen. tequal. Nat. Syst. Asteraceaj. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1143. Griffith, Med. Bot. 411. (Lappa.) This is a native of Europe, but generally naturalized in the United States. The parts used are the root and seeds. They are diaphoretic and diuretic, especially the latter. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 
Infusion of Burdock. R. Burdock root, on< 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for six hours, and strain. Cottereau. 
Used as a diaphoretic, in rheumatic pains, &c. 
Decoction of Burdock. 
R. Burdock root, two ounces. Water, three pints. 
Boil down to two pints, and strain. Wood. Dose, a wineglassful. 
ARGENTUM. 
Silver. 
A solid, white, brilliant, very ductile metal. It is wholly soluble in nitric acid. The only officinal preparations in our pharmacopoeia are the nitrate, oxide, and cyanuret; but several others are employed in Europe. 
ARGENTI CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride op Silver. 
R. Solution of nitrate of silver, at will. Add gradually a solution of common salt, wash well the resulting precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat in the shade. 
Powder op Chloride of Silver. R. Chloride of silver, one grain. Powdered orris root, two grains. Triturate well, and divide into ten parts. Used in syphilis, in friction on the tongue. Serre. 
Chloride of Silver and Ammonia. R. Liquid ammonia, at will. Saturate, by the aid of heat, with recently pre. cipitated and well-washed chloride of silver. Filter whilst hot, and crystallize. 
Pills of Chloride op Silver and Ammonia. 
R. Chloride of silver and 
ammonia, one grain. Powdered orris root, two grains. Conserve of linden flowers, sufficient;. 
Mix, and make fourteen pills. Serre. 
ARGENTI CYANURETUM. Cyanide or Cyanuret of Silver. 
R. Nitrate of silver, Ferrocyanuret of potassium, each, two ounces. Sulphuric acid, one ounce and a half. Distilled water, sufficient. Dissolve the nitrate in a pint of water, and put the solution in a glass receiver. Dissolve the ferrocyanuret in ten fl. ounces of water, and pour the solution into a retort adapted to the receiver. To the solution in the retort add the sulphuric acid diluted with four fl. ounces of water, and distil until the liquid that passes produces no longer a precipitate in the receiver. Then wash and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph 
Used in syphilis, in doses of onc-'wolfth to one-tenth of a grain. 


126 
ARGENTI IODIDUM —ARGENTI NITRAS. 
Ointment of Cyanide of Silver. R. Cyanide of silver, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. Serre. 
Employed as an application to ulcerations of the cornea, irritable ulcers, &c. 
ARGENTI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Silver. 
R. Solution of nitrate of silver, at will. Add gradually a 
Solution of iodide of potassium. 
Wash the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. Fatterson. 
Dose, one or two grains. 
Ointment of Iodide of Silver. R. Iodide of silver, ten grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. Serre. Used in the same cases as the ointment of 
the cyanide. 
ARGENTI OXIDUM. 
Oxide of Silver. 
R..Nitrate of silver, four ounces. Water, half a pint. Solution of potassa, one pint and a half. 
Dissolve the nitrate in the water, and add the potassa as long as precipitation occurs. Wash und dry the precipitate, and keep it in opaque, well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Used as a substitute for the nitrate, in doses of about half a grain twice a-day, in diseases of the stomach, of undue secretion, &c. 
Pills of Oxide of Silver. 
R. Oxide of silver, six grains. Powdered liquorice, twelve grains. Syrup, suflicient. 
Make twelve pills. Dose, one pill three times daily, in pyrosis. 
Ointment of Oxide of Silver. 
R. Oxide of silver, twenty grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Pub well together. Serre. Used as an application to irritable ulcers, &c. 
ARGENTI NITRAS. 
Fused Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Silver, in small pieces, oue ounce. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), seven fl. drachms. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Mix the acid with the water, apd dissolve the silver in the mixture, on a sand-bath ; then gradually increase the heat, so as to dry the salt. Melt this in a crucible, and continue the heat till ebullition ceases, then immediately cast into moulds. U. S. Ph. 
Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Silver, in small pieces, one ounce. Nitric acid, seven fl. drachms. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix the acid with the water, and dissolve the silver in the mixture on a sand-bath. Pour otf the solution, evaporate to one-half, and crystallize. Pour off the supernatant liquid, again evaporate and crystallize. Repeat the process a third time. Dry the crystals in a glass funnel and preserve in an opaque well-stopped bottle. U. S. Fh. 
Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, in doses of a fourth of a grain, gradually increased. 
Solution of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve and strain. Keep in the dark. London Ph. 
Chiefly intended as a test liquor. 
Pills of Nitrate of Silver. 
R. Crystallized nitrate of silver, one grain. Crumb of bread, one drachm. 
Make sixteen pills. Guibourt. Each pill contains a sixteenth of a grain of the nitrate. R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Opium, four grains. Extract of gentian, " liquorice, each, a drachm and a half. 
Make pills of a grain each. These each contain a twentieth of the nitrate. Brera. 
R. Nitrate of silver, two grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into four pills. One to be taken every six hours. 
Advised in chronic epilepsy and other spasmodic disorders. To prevent the blue tinge of the skin, so often produced by a continued use of this salt of silver, eight drops of diluted nitric acid in a fl. ounce of water, should be taken after each pill. A. T. Thomson. 


127 
ARMOR ACTA 
Mackensie's Solution. 
R. Nitrate of silver, one scruple. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Mackensie. 
Used to wash the throat and fauces, in affections of those parts. 
Nitrate of Silver Collyrium. R. Nitrate of silver, ten grains. Laudanum, half a fl. drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Foy. 
Employed as a wash in purulent ophthalmia. 
Anti-Epileptic Mixture. 
R. Nitrate of silver, twelve grains. Laudanum, twenty drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one ounce. 
Mix. Radius. Given in epilepsy, in doses of twenty drops, twice a-day. 
Hair Dye. 
R. Silver, two drachms. 
Steel filings, half an ounce. 
Nitric acid, one ounce. 
Rain water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and strain. To be applied by means of a fine brush. Bateinan. 
Indelible Ink. 
R. Carbonate of soda, half an ounce. Distilled water, four ounces. 
Mix, and make mordant. 
R. Nitrate of silver, five scruples. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Sap green, one scruple. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix, and make ink. Gray. 
Indelible Ink without Mordant. R. Nitrate of silver, one ounct 
one ounce. 
Crystallized carbonate of soda, one ounce and a half. Tartaric acid, eight scruples. Strong solution of ammonia, two fl. ounces. 
Archil, half fl. ounce. White sugar, six drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, ten drachms. Distilled water, suflicient. 
Dissolve the nitrate and carbonate in separate portions of the water, mix the solutions, collect and wash the precipitate on a filter, rub it 
whilst still moist in a porcelain mortar with the tartaric acid, till effervescence has ceased, add the ammonia to dissolve the tartrate of silver, then mix the archil, sugar, and gum, adding as much water as will make six fl. ounces. 
Redwood. 
Ointment of Nitrate of Silver. R. Nitrate of silver, two grains. Lard, two drachms. 
Mix well. As an application in acute ophthalmia. Velpeau. 
R. Nitrate of silver, four parts. Lard, thirty parts. 
Or, eight parts of the salt to the same proportion of lard, or twelve parts to thirty. Used as an application to white-swelling. Joberi. 
R. Nitrate of silver, one part. Lard, seven and a half parts. 
Mix, to smear bougies, in cure of gonorrhoea. Macdonald. 
Compound Ointment op Nitrate op Silver. 
R. Nitrate of silver, ten to twenty grains. Oxide of zinc ointment, half an ounce. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. 
Triturate thoroughly together. To heal venereal ulcers, and to promote cicatrization. Fricke. 
R. Nitrate of silver, three grains. Solution of subacetate of lead, five drops. Lard, one draohln. Mix well. In chronic ophthalmia. 
Guthrie. 
ARMORACIA. 
Horseradish. 
This is a species of Cochlearia, the C. armoracia. A native of many parts of Europe, and much cultivated both there and in this country, for the sake of its roots, so well known as a condiment. The root is the part used in medicine. It has a pungent odor, and a warm, acrid taste. 
Sex. Syst. Tetrad, silic. Nat. Syst. Brassicaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 904. Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. As a remedial agent, it is an active stimulant, and when applied to the skin acts as a rubefacient. 
Infusion of Horseradish. R. Fresh horseradish, sliced, Mustard seed, bruised, each, 
one ounce one pint 
Boiling water, 


f 
128 
ARNICA 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
It is sometimes used in paralytic, scorbutic, and dropsical affections, attended with debility. The dose is two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
Compound Spirit op Horseradish. 
R. Sliced horseradish, Dried orange peel, each, 
twenty ounces. Bruised nutmeg, five drachms. Proof spirit, one gallon. Water, two pints. 
Mix, and distil a gallon by a gentle heat. London Ph. 
Employed as a diuretic, in dropsy with debility. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 
Mixture op Horseradish. 
R. Infusion of horseradish, four fl. ounces. Syrup of cinchona, one" fl. ounce. Extract of fumitory, one drachm. 
Mix. Foy. In spoonful doses, as an antiscorbutic. 
Compound Horseradish Cataplasm. R. Bruised horseradish, six drachms. " mustard seed, one ounce. 
Flaxseed meal, two ounces and a half. Vinegar, ' sufficient. 
Mix, and make cataplasm, to be applied to the feet as revulsive in diseases of the head. 
Ainslie. 
Compound Infusion of Horseradish. 
R. Horseradish, one ounce. 
Boiling water, . one pint. Infuse for an hour in a close vessel; on cooling, add 
Simple syrup, one ounce and a half. 
A wineglassful, several times a-day, in dropsy, especially when arising from a granular affection of the kidneys. 
ARNICA. 
Wolfsbane. 
Several species of this genus are medicinal, jut one only is officinal, A. montana, a native of Europe ; but it is likely that the A. nudicaule of this country is possessed of the same powers. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. AstefuceiB. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 407. 
Arnica is a stimulant, acting with much energy on the cerebro-spinal system, and is also an active irritant of the stomach and bowels, In Germany, where it is much employed, it is given to fulfil a variety of indications. 
Compound Powder op Arnica. R. Powdered arnica root, 
" serpentaria, " sugar, each, two drachms. Oil of peppermint, ten drops. 
Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. Augustin. 
Dose, a powder, every two hours, in the diarrhoea complicating typhoid fevers. 
Extract op Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, one part. Water, eight parts. Alcohol, j one part. 
Mix, and macerate for three days at a gentle heat, express, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to a proper consistence. Wurtzburg Ph. 
Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in chronic rheumatism and paralysis. 
Infusion of Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, 
p lowers oi arnica, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. 
Used in the same cases as the last. Dose, half 
an ounce to an ounce. Cottereau. 
Compound Infusion of Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, one drachm. " chamomile, half an 
ounce. 
Peppermint, two drachms. Boiling water, nine fl. ounces, 
Mix, macerate, and strain. Copenh. Ph. Dose, one ounce. 
Fomentation of Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, half an ounce. Boiling vinegar, sufficient 
to obtain six ounces; add 
Carbonate of ammonia, two drachms. 
Radius. 
Used as a warm fomentation in oedema of the scrotum. 
Decoction op Arnica. R. Flowers of arnica, om Water, thn 
one ounce, three pints. 


129 
ARSENICUM—LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IODIDI. 
Boil till reduced to two pints, strain, and add Syrup of ginger, two ounces. 
Swediaur. 
Dose, one to two ounces, every two hours, in aphonia, paralysis, rheumatism, &c. 
Fomentation op Arnica and Rue. R. Flowers of arnica, two ounces. Rue, one ounce. 
Boiling water, sufficient to obtain twelve ounces when strained, after one hour of maceration. Radius. 
Used as a fomentation in contusions. 
Tincture op Arnica. 
R. Flowers of arnica, 
Flowers of arnica, one part. Alcohol, sixteen parts. 
Digest, express, and filter. Beral. 
Dose, thirty drops, several times a-day. 
ARSENICUM. 
Arsenic. 
Metallic arsenic is not employed in medicine but several of its combinations are of much im portance. 
ARSENICI CHLORIDUM. Solution of Chloride of Arsenic. R. Arsenious acid, in small 
pieces, half a drachm. Muriatic acid, one and a half fl drachms 
Water, twenty fl. ounces. Boil the arsenic in the muriatic acid, diluted with an ounce of water, until dissolved; then add sufficient water to make one pint (Imp.). Lond. Ph. 
This is much used in Great Britain in lepra and chorea, in doses of three to ten minims, thrice daily. 
Each fl. ounce represents one grain and a half of arsenious acid. 
ARSENICI IODIDUM. 
Iodide op Arsenic. 
R. Finely-powdered metallic arsenic, one drachm. Iodine, five drachms. Triturate together, and introduce into a small flask or retort; place this on a sand-bath, and apply gentle heat till liquefaction is produced. 
9 
The vessel should be nearly full, to prevent the formation of much iodine vapor, and to enable the operator to bring the fixed mass in contact with every part of it, so as to include any iodine that may have been sublimed. If no iodine odor is perceptible, and the contents assume a reddish-yellow color, and crystallize on the sides of the vessel, the operation is complete. W. Procter. 
This corresponds with the officinal formula. 
Dose, one-tenth of a grain, gradually increased to a quarter, three times a-day. Given in cancer, and obstinate cutaneous affections. 
Iodide op Arsenic Pills. 
R. Iodide of arsenic, one grain. Extract of conium, twenty grains 
Mix, and make ten pills. Thomson. Used in lepra, and obstinate eruptions. 
Iodide of Arsenic Ointment. 
R. Iodide of arsenic, three grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Triturate well. Biett. Employed in cases of lepra, and other cutaneous affections; but requires much caution. 
LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IODIDI. 
Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. 
Donovan's Solution. R. Iodide of arsenic, 
Red iodide of mercury, each, thirty-five grains. Distilled water, half a pint. 
Rub the iodides with half a fl. ounce of water, then add rest of water, heat to boiling point and filter. V. S. Ph. 
Each fl. drachm contains one-eighth of a grain of arsenic, and one-fourth of a grain of deutoxide of mercury. This preparation is said to be useful in obstinate cutaneous diseases, as lepra, lupus, &c. The dose is from five minims to half a fl. drachm two or three times a-day. 
Draught of Solution of Iodide of Mercury and Arsenic. 
R. Solution iodide of mercury and arsenic, two fl. drachms. 
Distilled water, three fl. ounces and a half. 
Syrup of ginger, half fl. ounce. Mix, and divide into four draughts. One to be taken night and morning. Not to be given in a metallic spoon. Donovan. 


130 
ARSENICI TERSULPHURETUM —ARTEMISIA SANTONICA. 
ARSENICI TERSULPHURETUM. 
Orpiment. Depilatory of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment, one ounce. 
Quicklime, one pound. Starch, ten ounces. Water, sufficient 
to form a soft paste. Foy. This is spread on the part where it is desired to remove the hair, and washed off when it begins to dry. It is the rusma of the Turks. 
Delcroix's Depilatory. 
(Poudre Subtile.) 
R. Orpiment, four parts. Quicklime, thirty parts. Powdered gum, sixty parts. 
Used like the preceding to remove superfluous hair. 
Powder of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment, one ounce. 
Quicklime, twelve ounces. Jasmine powder, ten ounces. Powder of palm soap, four ounces. 
Mix well. Morfit. This, when applied as a depilatory, is mixed with a little water. 
Both these, although efficient for the purposes designed, are dangerous, and should never be used, except with extreme caution. 
Lotion of Orpiment. 
R. Orpiment, two drachms. 
Verdigris,") Aloes, > each, half a drachm. Myrrh, ) Rose water, three fl. ounces. 
White wine, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Van Mons. 
Used as an application to fungous ulcers. 
ARTEMISIA. 
A genus of bitter herbs, several of which are used as medicinal agents to fulfil various indications; some as tonics, (A. absinthium,) some ns moxas, (A. moxa,) and some as anthelmintics. 
Sex. Syst. Syn. pol. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceae. 
1. A. ABROTANUM 
Southernwood. 
A native of the south of Europe and the Levant, and generally cultivated in gardens. 
Its odor is aromatic and peculiar, and its taste bitter. It is used as a tonic, antispasmodic, and vermifuge. Linn. Sp. PI. 1185. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. 
Infusion of Southernwood. R. Southernwood, six drachtns. Boiling water, one pint. 
Digest for two hours, and strain. Given in hysteria and in dysmenorrhoea. Dose, one fl, ounce. Taddei. 
Clyster of Southernwood. R. Southernwood, half an o 
half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Digest for half an hour, and, to six or eight fl. ounces of strained infusion, add 
Olive oil, one ounce. 
Said to be effectual in cases of worms, and especially ascarides. Radius. 
2. A. SANTONICA. 
Semen Contra. 
Under this name are included several species, as the A. santonica, contra, judaica, &c. They are principally from Barbary and the Levant. The parts used are the flowers, buds, peduncles, &c. Semen contra is much employed in Europe as an anthelmintic, but is seldom used in this country. The dose in powder is from ten to thirty grains. Its active principle is called santonine. 
Powder of Semen Contra. R. Semen contra, 
Extract of tansy, each, six grains. Oxide of iron, four grains. Oil of valerian, one drop. 
Mix. Augustin. 
Electuary op Semen Contra. R. Semen contra, ten grains. Sulphate of iron, four grains. Jalap, Honey, each, one scruple. 
Mix. Robenstein. 
Anthelmintic Mixture op Semen Contra. 
R. Infusion of semen contra, four 
fl. ounces. 
Syrup of senna, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Foy. 
Powder op Santonine. 
R. Santonine, Sugar of milk, 
six grains, fifteen grains. 


131 
ARUM—ASCLEPIAS INCARNATA. 
V 
Divide into six powders and give one night and morning, to a child five years old, for lumbrici. Thomas. 
ARUM. 
Indian Turnip. 
Several species of Arum are used in medicine, but the only one officinal in the U. S. Pharm., is A. triphyllum ; a native plant, with large, perennial cormus; this is white, fleshy, and extremely acrid in a fresh state, but becomes edible and bland when dried, and kept for any time; and the fecula obtained from it resembles arrowroot, in appearance. 
Sext. Syst. Mon. polyand. Nat. Syst. Ara ceoe. 
Bigelow, Am. Med. Bot. 1, 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. 616. 
The powder of the recently-dried root may be given in doses of ten grains, in an emulsion of gum Arabic, sugar, and water, several times a-day. It has been found useful in chronic catarrh, chronic bronchitis, rheumatism, &c. 
ASARUM. 
There are two plants recognized by this name, one by the London College, and the other by the U. S. Pharm. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aristolochiuceae. 
1. ASARUM EUROPIUM. 
Asarabacca. 
A native of Europe, of which the leaves and root are used. The first have a feeble aromatic odor, when rubbed, and a somewhat spicy taste; the latter has a strong, penetrating odor, and an acrid, bitter, and nauseous taste; this is sometimes used abroad, as a stimulant emetic, and anthelmintic; the leaves, as the basis of various errhine powders. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 633. Griffith, Med. Bot. 527. 
Compound Powder op Asarabacca. R. Dried leaves of asarabacca, one ounce Lavender flowers, one drachm Rub together to a fine powder. 
Dublin Ph., 1826. 
Has been found useful as an errhine, in some cases of headache, toothache, &c. Five or six grains to be snuffed up the nostrils at night. 
2 ASARUM CANADENSE 
Wild Ginger. 
Bigelow, Med. Bot. 1, 150. Barton, Veg. Mat. Med. p. 85. 
This species is common to most parts of the U. S. The leaves are said by Drs. Barton and Bigelow, not to be emetic, but other authorities state that a teaspoonful of this powder never fails to act on the stomach. Like those of the asarabacca, they are eminently errhine. The root is an aromatic stimulant, with active diaphoretic properties, and may be used as a substitute for serpentaria. 
Infusion of Wild Ginger. 
R. Root of wild ginger," half an ounce. Boiling water, one piut. 
Digest for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. In all cases where Virginia snaiieroot is indicated. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 
ASCLEPIAS. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ascle- 
piadacece. 
Many species of this large genus are employed in medicine, and it is probable that the whole of them are endowed with active properties. 
1. A. TUBEROSA. Pleurisy Root. 
A native of most parts of the United States. The root is large, and irregularly tuberous; the taste of it is bitter, nauseous, and somewhat acrid. It is an active diaphoretic, and, in large doses, purgative. It has attained much popular reputation in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory organs, and more especially of pleurisy. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm, several times a-day. An infusion or decoction is preferable to the powder. 
InfuSion of Pleurisy Root. 
R. Bruised pleurisy root, one ounce. Boiling water, two pints. 
Digest for two hours. Dose, three or four fl. ounces, warm, to be given every two or three hours, until it operates. Chapman. 
2. A. INCARNATA 
Swamp Silk Weed. 
A native of many parts of the U. S., usually growing in wet places. The root is the officinal portion. It is emetic and cathartic in full doses of half a drachm to a drachm, and expectorant and alterative in small ones. 


132 
ASCLEPIAS SYRIACA — ASPARAGUS — ASSAFCETTDA. 
3. A. SYRIACA. 
Silk Weed. 
Very common in the U. S. The root appears to have much the same properties as the last, and also some anodyne powers. 
ASPARAGUS. 
AsrARAGUS. 
Several species of Asparagus have been used in medicine, but the only one that is now employed is the A. officinalis. This is a native of Europe, and is generally cultivated there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 448. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. ii. 252. Griffith, Med. Bot. 654. The parts used are the roots and young shoots, (turiones). These are diuretic, aperient, iind deobstruent, and have been thought to exercise a sedative influence on the heart. Dr. Wood states (U. S. Dispens.) that the berries arc more efficient than the shoots. 
Extract of Asparagus Shoots. R. Clarified juice of asparagus, sufficient. Evaporate by a mild heat to a proper consistence. Soubeiran. 
Extract of Asparagus Roots. R. Roots of asparagus, sufficient. Bruise them, add sufficient water to cover them, express, strain, and evaporate by a mild heat. Soubeiran. 
These extracts arc given in doses of a scruple to a drachm, as diuretics. 
Syrup of Asparagus Shoots. 
R. Juice of asparagus shoots, one pint. White sugar, two pounds. 
Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and strain. Cottereau. 
Advised in pulmonary catarrh, and too great action of the heart, in doses of one to four ounces during the day. 
Decoction of Asparagus Roots. R. Asparagus roots, one oun( 
one ounce. 
Water, two pints. Boil, and strain. Radius. 
To be taken by cupfuls in dropsies. 
Diuretic Mixture. 
R. Asparagus roots, Water, 
one ounce, one pint. 
Boil for an hour, strain, and add 
Acetate of potassa, twenty grains. Honey of squills, half an ounce. Foy. Used as the last, and in the same diseases. 
ASSAFETIDA. 
Assafetida. 
A gum resin or inspissated juice from an umbelliferous plant, a native of Persia, usually thought to be Ferula assafmtida, but now shown by Dr. Falconer to be a Narthez, which, though similar to Ferula, is distinct from it. (Royle, Mat. Med., 407. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 
Royle, Mat. Med., 407. Griffith, Med. Bot 326. 
Assafetida, as found in the shops, is in masses of a whitish, reddish, or violet hue, composed of adhering tears. Odor, fetid and alliaceous; taste, bitter and somewhat acrid; it forms an emulsion with water. 
Is stimulant and antispasmodic, and also emmenagogue and anthelmintic. It is used in spasmodic and convulsive diseases, as hysteria, chorea, hooping-cough, flatulent colic, &c. Dose, ten grains. 
Assafetida Pills. 
R. Assafetida, one ounce and a half. Soap, half an ounce. 
Beat with water into a mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills ; each of which contains three grains of the gum resin. U. S. Ph. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm and a half. Powdered orris root, Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, 
sufficient. 
Beat together, and divide into thirty pills. One to be given occasionally in the hooping-cough of children. Kapp- 
R. Assafetida, a drachm and a half. Powdered ginger, half a drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. Three to be taken every three hours. Have been advised in palsy, A. T. Thomson 
Pills op Assafetida and Lactucarium. 
R. Assafetida, three drachms. Lactucarium, two scruples and a half. 
Mix, and divide into eighty pills. Two or three every hour in hooping-congh of adults. Radius. 
Pills of Assafetida and Iron R. Assafetida, ") , , a i i % e • f each, half Sulphate of iron, > 1 Extract of chamomile, ) 


133 
ASSAFOETID A 
Mix well, and divide into one hundred and eighty pills. Two or more, three or four times a-day, in hypochondria and hysteria. Syfret. R. Black oxide of iron, half a drachm. Assafetida, a drachm and a half. Oil of tansy, ten drops. Extract of wormwood, sufficient. 
Mix, and divide into ninety pills. Six to be taken three times a day. Said to be useful against lumbrici and ascarides. Phoebus. 
Pills op Assafetida and Musk. R. Assafetida, two drachms. Musk, Camphor, each, one drachm. Ambergris, half a drachm. 
Beat well together, and divide into one hundred pills. Two to be taken three times a-day. Said to have proved useful in angina, pectoris, hysteria, &c. Sainte Marie. 
Pills of Assafetida and Opium. R. Assafetida, half an ounce. Powdered opium, " ipecacuanha, each, four grains. Oil of peppermint, eight drops. Alcohol, sufficient. Beat well together, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Ten to be taken three times a day in chronic ischuria, consecutive on gonorrhoea. Radius. 
Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida, two drachms. 
Water, half a pint. 
Rub together, adding the water by degrees, till well mixed. U. S. Ph. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm. 
Sugar, six drachms. 
Rose water, five fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Hoffmann's anodyne, thirty drops. Taken in spoonful doses, in spasmodic asthma, and hysteria. Bories. 
Assafetida Mixture. 
R. Assafetida, half a drachm. Solution of acetate of ammonia, half a fl. ounce. 
Pennyroyal water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. One or two spoonfuls in hooping-cough. Miller. 
R. Assafetida mixture, five and a half fl. ounces. 
Compound spt. of lavender, 
half fl. ounce. 
Aromatic spt. of ammonia, 
two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day in hysteria. Ainslie. 
R. Assafetida mixture, two fl. ounces. Opium, two grains. Infusion of chamomile, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an injection in convulsive attacks. 
R. Assafetida, half a drachm. Yolk of egg, one. 
Rub together, and gradually add 
Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Strain. To form two injections. Said to be useful in the hooping-cough of children. Soubeiran. 
Mixture op Assafetida and Oxymel of Squill. 
R. Assafetida, ' one scruple. Powdered digitalis, six grains. Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Linden-flower water, four fl. ounces. 
Rub well together. Said to be found useful in the dry cough consequent on deranged menstruation. Pierquin. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Mixture of Assafetida and Tolu. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce. " opium, forty to fifty drops. 
Mix well. A teaspoonful every two hours, in hooping-cough, and a dessertspoonful or more to an adult. Ellis. 
Syrup op Assafetida. 
R. Assafetida, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Sugar, two pounds. 
Rub the assafetida with a part of the boiling water till an uniform paste is made. Then gradually add the rest of the water, strain, and add the sugar, applying a gentle heat to dissolve it. 
Dose, a tablespoonful, which contains seven grains and a half. Richd. Peltz. 
Tincture of Assafetida. 
R. Assafetida, Alcohol, 
four ounces, two piuts. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 
U. S. Ph 


134 
ATROPIA 
Has all the properties of the gum resin, but is more stimulating. Dose, a fl. drachm. 
Alkaline Tincture of Assafetida. R. Assafetida, 
Carbonate of potassa, each, 
two ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for three days, by a mild heat, and filter. Anti-hysteric, &c. Useful in nervous disorders. Dose, about twenty drops. Wirtemburg Dis. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Assafetida. R. Ammoniated alcohol, 
sixteen fl. ounces. 
Assafetida, one ounce. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, in a closed vessel, and then distil sixteen ounces. Van Mons. 
Stimulant and anti-hysteric. Dose, five to sixty drops. 
Tincture of Assafetida and Soot. R. Assafetida, one drachm. 
Wood soot, two drach'ms. Alcohol, three fl. ounces. 
Digest for six days, and filter. Guibourt. 
Highly praised in hysteria, flatulence, and convulsions caused by dentition. Dose, ten to thirty drops in an appropriate vehicle. 
Assafetida Plaster. R. Assafetida, 
Lead plaster, each, one pound. Galbanum, Yellow wax, each, half a pound. Alcohol, three pints. 
Dissolve the assafetida and galbanum in the alcohol, by means of a water-bath; strain while hot, and evaporate to consistence of honey, add lead plaster and wax melted together; stir well, und evaporate to due consistence. U. S. Ph. 
A good application to the stomach, in hysteria with flatulence, and to the chest in hooping-cough. 
Dewees's Carminative. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, half a drachm. Tincture of assafetida, sixty drops. " opium, twenty drops. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl_ ounce. Mix well. Dewees. 
Very useful in the flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c, of infants. Dose, twenty-five drops to a child of two to four weeks old, increasing the dose for those of a more advanced age. 
Pills of Assafetida and Aloes. R. Assafetida, ~) Powdered aloes, > each, half an ounce. Soap, J Beat with sufficient water to form a mass; divide into one hundred and eighty pills. 
U. S. Ph 
A good purgative in cases of costiveness with flatulence and debility of digestive organs. Dose, two to five. 
Tincture of Assafetida and Castor. R. Tincture of assafetida, 
" castor, each, one fl. ounce. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. In hysteria, &c. Dose, about a teaspoonful. EUis. 
Compound Assafetida Mixture. R. Assafetida, one drachm. Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. 
Make a solution, and add 
Ammoniated tincture of valerian, two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of castor, three fl. drachms. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Useful in hysteria, in doses of a tablespoonful, largely diluted, every second hour. Ellis. 
Assafetida Enema. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm. 
Hot water, two fl. ounces. 
Triturate together. In flatulent colic, and against ascarides. Foy. 
ATROPIA. 
Atropine. 
Take recently-dried root of belladonna, exhaust it, by alcohol, 40° Cartier; ad.d to the tincture a quantity of slaked lime equal to onetwentieth of the weight of the root. After twenty-four hours' contact, filter; acidify slightly with sulphuric acid, and again filter. Twothirds of the alcohol is then removed by distillation. Evaporate the residue to one-twelfth of the weight of the root employed. Carbonate of potassa is then added until the liquid begins to be rendered opaque by a grayish-brown precipitate, carefully avoiding an excess. The liquid is again filtered, carbonate of potassa added, till it ceases to precipitate, and after twenty-four hours the precipitate is collected on a filter and dried. It is then dissolved in concentrated alcohol, treated with animal charcoal and filtered, evaporated and crystallized. The dose is the fortieth or thirtieth of a grain. Soubeiran. 


a'tjrantium—aurantii cortex. 
135 
Solution of Atropia. 
R. Atropia, (one, two, or three grains, as the strength may wish to be increased), one grain. Nitric or acetic acid, sufficient. "Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. 
As an application to the eyes for dilating the pupil. One or two drops will generally dilate the pupil, if dropped between the lids. 
Syrup of Atropia. 
R. Atropia, one part. Syrup, ten thousand parts. 
Dissolve the atropia in one hundred parts of water acidulated with one part of muriatic acid, then mix with the syrup. Bouchardat. 
Tincture op Atropia. 
R. Atropia, fifteen grains. Alcohol, (85 per cent.), ten fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, one to three drops. Bouchardat. 
Sulphate of Atropia. 
R. Diluted sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms. Water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix, and gradually add 
Atropia, seven scruples and a half; or sufficient to saturate. . Filter and evaporate, that crystals may form. Lond. Ph. 
Chiefly used externally, in the form of an ointment. 
AURANTIUM. 
Orange. 
This fruit is the product of the Citrus Aurantium, a native of Asia, but now cultivated in all warm climates; two varieties occur, the one with bitter, the other with sweet fruit; these are considered distinct by Risso. 
Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. Aurantiacete. 
Lind. Fl. Med. 163. Griffith, Med. Bot. 165. 
Almost every part is employed in medicine, but only the rind of the fruit is officinal in the U. S. Pharm. 
AURANTII CORTEX. 
Orange Peel. Powder of Orange Peel and Rhubarb. 
R Powdered orange peel, " rhubarb, Bitartrate of potassa, each, one ounce. 
Mix well. Dose, one or two teaspoonfuls a-day. In dyspepsia, with a costive condition of the bowels. Radius. 
Confection of Orange Peel. 
R. Presh orange peel, grated, one pound White sugar, three pounds. 
Beat together, till thoroughly mixed. V. S. Ph. 
As a vehicle or adjunct to powders. 
Electuary op Orange Peel. 
R. Orange peel, half an ounce. Willow bark, two drachms. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Make an electuary. To be taken in divided doses, during the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Phoebus. 
Tincture of Orange Peel. 
R. Dried orange peel, three ounces 
Proof spirit, (Imp.,) two pints. Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Lond. Ph. 
Used principally as an addition to infusions, decoctions, &c. 
Spirit op Orange Peel. 
R. Orange peel, three ounces. Alcohol, sixteen fl. ouuees. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Digest for four days, and distil sixteen parts. Cottereau- 
Used for the same purposes as the last. 
Elixir op Orange Peel. R. Orange peel, one 
one ounce 
Cascarilla, half an ounce. Water of citron peel, " wormwood, Alcohol, each, half a pint 
Digest for four days, and filter. Moscati. Dose, from four to six fl. drachms, as a carminative and stomachic. 
Compound Infusion of Orange Peel. R. Dried orange peel, half an ounce. Fresh lemon peel, two drachms Bruised cloves, one drachm. Boiling distilled water, one pint. Macerate for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
This preparation is used as a stomachic, in the dose of one or two fl. nunces. 


136 

AURANTII FOLIA —AURUM. 
Syrup op Orange Peel. 
R. Bruised orange peel, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Sugar, two pounds and a half. 
Make syrup. U. S. Ph. Used principally as an agreeable drink mixed with water. 
R. Recently-dried sweet orange peel, two ounces. 
Powder, and put in a displacement apparatus, and pour on it a mixture of two parts alcohol, and one of water, until six fl. ounces are obtained. Pour this on thirty-two ounces (av.) of coarsely-powdered sugar, and spread on paper, until the alcohol has evaporated. Then form it into a syrup, with sixteen ounces of water, merely carrying the heat to the boiling point, strain, and bottle whilst hot. IV. Procter. 
AURANTII FOLIA. 
Orange Leaves. 
Electuary of Orange Leaves. R. Orange leaves, 
Valerian, each, half a drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Make an electuary. Radius. A teaspoonful occasionally as an antispasmodic. 
Jelly of Orange Leaves. 
R. Orange leaves, an ounce and a half. Boiling water, two pints. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Powdered salep, two drachms 
Boil to a jelly, and add Wine, Syrup of orange flowers, each, one fl. ounce. In teaspoonful doses, in marasmus. Radius. 
AURANTII FLORES. 
Orange Flowers. 
Confection of Orange Flowers. R. Orange flowers, one part. Syrup, three parts. Evaporate to proper consistence. Taddei. 
Pastilles op Orange Flowers. 
R. Sugar, Orange-flower water, each, two ounces. 
Dissolve and evaporate to consistence of honey add a mixture of 
Sugar, four ounces. Oil of orange flowers, half a drachiu. 
Make pastilles. Cottereau. 
Orange-Flower Water. R. Orange flowers, ten 
Orange flowers, ten parts. Water, thirty parts. 
Distil off twenty parts Guibourt. 
R. Orange flowers, ten pounds. Proof spirit, seven fl. ounces. 
Water, two gallons. 
Mix, and tiistil a gallon. London Ph. 1836. 
Syrup op Orange Flowers. R. Orange-flower water, one 
Orange-flower water, one part. Sugar, two parts. 
Dissolve in a close vessel, and evaporate to pro. per consistence. Soubeiran. 
Oil op Orange Flowers. 
R. Orange flowers, one part. Water, three parts. 
Distil, and separate the oil that floats on the product. Taddei. 
AURUM. 
Gold. 
Gold is used as a remedial agent in its pure state, but only in an infinitely divided form, in which it is stated that it acts on the system, and to be equally efficacious as its salts, but its action is much milder. It has been prescribed in various forms of syphilitic diseases, in doses of a quarter of a grain to a grain, three or four times a-day. 
Powder op Gold 
R. Gold leaf, one part. Sulphate of potassa, eight to ten parts. 
Triturate thoroughly, wash out the sulphate of potassa, and sift through fine gauze. Par. Cod, 
To be applied in friction on the gums and tongue. 
R. Dilute solution nitro-muriate of gold, at will. 
Solution sulphate of iron, sufficient to precipitate; collect this, and dry. Tromsdorff. 
R. Pulverized gold, six grains. Starch, sixty-six grains. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One to be given four times a-day. Riecke. 


137 
AURI CHLORIDUM—AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 
R. Pulverized gold, Lycopodium, each, two grains. 
Mix. To be rubbed, during the day, on the tongue. • Riecke. 
Syrup op Gold. 
R. Pulverized gold, twenty-four grains. Syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to chancres on the fauces. Bories. 
Ointment of Gold. 
R. Pulverized gold, one drachm. Lard, half an ounce. 
Triturate well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers, and also to a surface having the cuticle removed; when the surface becomes dry, substitute the ointment of chloride of gold. Legrand. 
AURI CHLORIDUM Chloride of Gold. 
R. Leaf gold, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, three parts. 
Dissolve by aid of a sand-bath, and evaporate till vapors of chlorine are given off, and set aside to crystallize. Dose, one-twentieth to onesixteenth of a grain. Par. Cod. R. Pure gold, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, (made with three parts muriatic acid, one part nitric acid, and one of water,) two parts. Put the gold in a porcelain capsule, and add the acid ; cover with a plate of glass, and place on a salt-water bath. Continue heat till nitrous fumes are no longer evolved. Raise the glass by means of a fold of paper, and continue heat, till, on introducing a glass rod, the adhering chloride of gold becomes solid on cooling. Remove from fire, and let crystallize. Leval. 
Powder of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, one part. Powdered orris root, two parts. Mix. In frictions on the gums, in the dose of a fifteenth to a tenth of a grain. Foy. 
Bolus of Chloride of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold, half a grain. Extract of aconite, twelve grains. 
Mix, and make six boluses. One to be taken three" times a-day. Brera. 
Pills of Chloride of Gold. 
R. Chloride of gold, ten grains. Powdered liquorice, three drachms. 
Syrup, 
suflicient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and fifty pills*. One, thrice a-day. Ellis. 
Tincture of Chloride of Gold. R. Leaf gold, one drachi 
one drachm. 
Nitro-muriatic acid, oue ounce. Dissolve, and add 
Oil of rosemary, two ounces. 
Alcohol, eight ounces. 
Mix. Dose, ten drops. Spielmann. 
Caustic of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, one oun 
one ounce. 
Nitro-muriatic acid, one fl. ounce. Mix. Used as a caustic to the surface of cancerous ulcers, applied by means of a dossil of lint. Recamier. 
Collyrium of Chloride op Gold. R. Chloride of gold, two grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a collyrium in ophthalmia. Jahn. 
Ointment of Chloride of Gold. R. Chloride of gold, eight grains. Lard, half an ounce. 
Mix. To relieve rheumatic pains. Legrand. 
AURI ET SODII CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Gold and Sodium. R. Chloride of gold, eighty-five parts. Chloride of sodium, sixteen parts. Dissolve in a small quantity of water, evaporate to a pellicle, and let crystallize. Far. Cod. 
Dose, one-sixteenth of a grain. 
R. Leaf gold, four parts. Nitro-muriatic acid, sufficient 
to dissolve. Evaporate to dryness, and add Chloride of sodium, one part. Water, thirty-two parts. Evaporate to one-half, and set aside to crystal lize. Figuier. 
Powder of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, 
one part. Lycopodium, two parts. Mix. Cadet. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, 
one part. Sugar of milk, sixteen parts. 
Radius. 
Mix. 


138 
AURI CYANIDUM 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, 
three parts. Powdered orris root, nine parts. 
Mix. Three grains contain about three-fourths of a grain of the chloride, and are used for thirty frictions, for the weakest doses, and three fur tlie strongest. Legrand. 
Pills of Chloride op Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, ten grains. Potato starch, four grains. Gum Arabic, Distilled water, each, one drachm. Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Each contains one-twelfth of a grain of chloride. Soubeiran. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, four grains. Extract of bitter sweet, one drachm. " aconite, ten grains. Powdered marsh mallow, Distilled water, each, sufficient. Mix, and make eighty pills. Dose, three thrice a day, in dropsy, incontinence of urine, and amaurosis, &c. Groetzner. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, one grain. Extract of mezereon, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. 
Lozenges op Chloride op Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, five grains. Powdered sugar, one ounce. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Rub the chloride in a glass mortar with the sugar, add the mucilage, and make sixty lozenges. Soubeiran. 
Solution of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, two grains. Distilled water, one ounce. 
Dissolve. Ten drops, every two hours, in dropsy and incontine ice of urine. Radius. 
Syrup of Chloride of Gold and Sodium. 
ft. Cblori.V if gold and sodium, one grain. Swyv six ounces. OicoW ;*ose, from half an ounce to an 
Bories. 
ouncu. 
Compound Syrup op Chloride op 
Gold and Sodium. R. Peruvian bark, Gentian, each, three ounces. Mezereon, one ounce and a half. Foxglove, two drachms and a half. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, and pour the boiling decoction on 
Bitter orange peel, one ounce. 
Cloves, half an ounce. After a sufficient infusion, strain, and add 
Chloride of gold and sodium, four grains. 
A spoonful, night and morning. Bories. 
Ointment op Chloride op Gold and Sodium. 
R. Chloride of gold and sodium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix welli Foy. R. Chloride of gold and sodium, three to four grains. Lard, half an ounce. 
Mix thoroughly. Groetzner. 
AURI CYANIDUM 
Cyanide op Gold 
R. Leaf gold, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, six parts. 
Dissolve, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve in Distilled water, eight parts. 
Reduce on a water-bath to one-fourth, and add very gradually 
Cyanide of potassium, half a part. Distilled water, twenty-four parts. 
Agitate, let rest, and separate the cyanide of gold. Soubeiran. 
R. Fresh precipitated oxide of gold, (washed, but not dried), at will. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, sufficient. Boil till solution assumes a beautiful yellow tint, evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. Desfosses. 
Dose, from eighteenth to tenth of a grain. 
Powder of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Lycopodium, fifteen grains. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One every day, as friction on the gums and tongue. 
Radius. 


139 
AURI IODIDUM —AURUM STANNO-PARATUM. 
Pills op Cyanide op Gold. 
R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Powdered liquorice, thirty-one grains. Mucilage, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. Radius. R. Cyanide of gold, one grain. Extract of mezereon, three grains. Powdered marsh mallow, sufficient to make fifteen pills. Dose, one pill twice a-day. 
Lozenges of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, one gra 
one grain. 
Chocolate, sufficient 
to make sixteen lozenges. Soubeiran. 
Solution of Cyanide of Gold. R. Cyanide of gold, three grains. Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. A teaspoonful, twice a-day, gradually increasing the dose. Christien. 
AURI IODIDUM 
Iodide of Gold. 
R. Solution of chloride of gold, at will. Solution of iodide of potassium, sufficient 
to precipitate; wash the precipitate with alcohol, and dry it. Far. Cod. R. Solution chloride of gold, at will. " hydriodate of ammonia, sufficient to precipitate. Wash with alcohol, and dry. Miellet. 
Used like the other preparations, and in the same doses. 
AURI OXIDUM. 
Oxide op Gold. R. Pure gold, 
Pure gold, one part. Mercury, six parts. 
Make an amalgam; triturate with double the weight of sulphur and calcine. Wirt. Ph. 
R. Leaf gold, half an ounce. 
Nitre, ten ounces. 
Common salt, five ounces. 
Alum, eight ounces. 
Triturate to extinction, dissolve in lime-water, precipitate by solution of potassa; wash the precipitate, and calcine. Spielmann. 
R. Chloride of gold, one part Distilled water, forty parts 
Dissolve, and add 
Fresh calcined magnesia, four parts. 
Boil; wash the precipitate with distilled water, then with nitric acid diluted with twenty parts of water, and again with water. Dry in the shade. Far. Cod 
Dose, from a tenth to three-fourths of a grain. 
Powder op Oxide op Gold. R. Oxide of gold, two drac 
two drachma. 
Sulphuret of antimony, half an ounce. Oil of cinnamon, eight drops. 
Triturate together. Spielmann. 
R. Oxide of gold, four scruples. Prepared hartshorn, one ounce. 
Triturate together. Used in malignant fevers and small-pox. Spielmann. 
Pills of Oxide op Gold. R. Oxide of gold, five ji 
Oxide of gold, five grains. Extract of mezereon, two drachms. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Magendie. 
AURUM AMMONIATUM. 
Ammoniated Gold. 
R. Gold leaf, two drachms. Nitro-muriatic acid, one ounce. 
Dissolve, and add 
Water of ammonia, sufficient to precipitate. Wash and dry, with great caution. Niemann. 
This is what is termed fulminating gold, and explodes at 400° F. It has been used in fevers, &c., as a diaphoretic, but has produced unpleasant consequences. 
Pills of Ammoniated Gold. R. Ammoniated gold, 
Calomel, Extract of squill, each, half a drachm. Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. Conserve of juniper, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Plenck. 
AURUM STANNO-PARATUM. 
Purple of Cassius. 
R. Chloride of gold, one part. Distilled water, two hundred parts. 
Add to this solution, very gradually, Pure tin, one part. Nitro-muriatic acid, three parts. 
Dissolve without heat, and add 
Distilled water, one hundred parts, 


140 
AVENA SATIVA —AZEDARACH. 
as long as any precipitate falls. Wash this and dry by a gentle heat. Par. Cod., 1839. 
This is used like the other preparations of gold. 
AVENA SATIVA. 
Oat. 
The common oat, although generally cultivated from a very early age, is not known in a wild state. 
Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Graminaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 61. Griffith, Med. Bot. 662. 
Though, for the most part used as food for horses, it contains much nutritive matter, and forms an important article of diet in some parts of Europe. It is also employed in medicine as a bland, nutritious, and somewhat laxative nutriment in inflammatory diseases. When the grains are merely freed from their husk and coarsely broken, they are called groats. 
Groat Gruel. 
R. Groats, three ounces. 
Wash well in cold water, and then put into 
four pints. 
Fresh water, 
Boil slowly to one-half, and strain through a fine sieve. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Groats, five drachms. 
Liquorice root, three drachms. 
Boil the groats in sufficient water to have one quart of decoction, add the liquorice, and after a sufficient infusion, strain. Cottereau. 
Oatmeal Gruel. 
R. Oatmeal, two ounces. Water, one pint and a half. 
Rub the meal in a basin, with the back of a spoon, in some of the water, pouring off the fluid after the grosser particles have subsided, but whilst the milkiness remains; repeat this with fresh water. Stir well, and unite the washings, and boil until a soft, thick mucilage is formed. A. T. Thomson. 
Both these preparations may be flavored according to circumstances. 
Compound Decoction of Oatmeal. R. Groats, six ounces. Red saunders, chipped, one ounce. Chicory root, one ounce and a half. Water, twelve pints. Boil down one-third, and add to the strained decoction 
Nitre, half an ounce. 
Sugar, two ounces. Dissolve. Advised in gout, nephritis, &c, to be 
taken hot or tepid, morning and evening, for some weeks, in doses of six or eight fl. ounces. Wirt. Ph. 
Flummery op Oatmeal. 
R. Oatmeal or groats, a quart. 
Rub for a considerable time with two quarts of hot water, and let the mixture stand till it becomes sour, then add another quart of hot water, and strain through a hair sieve. Let stand till a white sediment is deposited, decant the fluid, and wash the sediment with cold water. This is now to be boiled with fresh water, till it forms a mucilage, stirring the whole time. It is a very light and somewhat nutritious food, during early convalescence. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder for a Cataplasm. R. Linseed meal, one 
Linseed meal, one part Oatmeal, two parts. 
Dub. Ph., 1826. 
R. Powder for a cataplasm, at will. Boiling water, sufficient. 
Mix for a poultice. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Oatmeal Poultice. 
R. Oatmeal, sufficient. Stir gradually into water kept boiling, until it is sufficiently consistent. A. T. Thomson. 
AZEDARACH. 
Azedaracii — (Pride of China.) 
The Melia Azedarach is a tree, a native of many parts of Asia, and naturalized in the warmer parts of Europe and the United States. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Meliaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PL, 550. Griffith, Med. Bot., 179. The parts used are the bark of the root, the berries, and the leaves. The former only is officinal in the U. S. Pharm. It is cathartic and emetic ; in large doses somewhat narcotic; it is also an efficient anthelmintic. 
Decoction of Azedarach. R. Azedarach, four o 
four ounces. 
Water, two pints. 
Boil to a pint, and strain. Wood. 
Dose, one fl. ounce, every two or three hours, for a child. 
Ointment of Azedarach Berries. R. Pulp of berries, 
Lard, each, one ounce. 
Rub well together. Said to be useful as an application in tinea capitis. 


141 
BALLOT A LANATA —BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 
B. 
BALL OTA LANATA. 
Hairy Horehound. 
Several species of Ballota have, at different times, been used in medicine, but this is the only one that appears to possess active properties. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gym. Nat. Syst. Lamiacere. 
The whole plant is used, with the exception of the root, and is stated to be an excellent diuretic, and useful in dropsical cases. 
Decoction of Hairy Horehound. R. Hairy hore- 
hound, one ounce and a half. Boiling water, two pints. 
Boil down to one pint. Dose, a cupful twice aday, gradually increasing the quantity. Rehmann, 
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 
Balsam of Peru. 
This balsam is the product of Myrospermum Peruiferum, a large tree, indigenous to South America, where it is called quinquino. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaccse. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 233. Griffith, Med. Bot. 248. The balsam is a thick, viscid fluid, of a dark, reddish-brown color, an agreeable, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish taste, occasioning 1 a pungent sensation in the throat. It is stimulating, tonic, and expectorant, and has been much used in pectoral complaints, &c., and also externally as an application to indolent ulcers. The dose is about half a fl. drachm. 
Pills of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Extract of bitter polygala, two drachms. 
Marsh mallow, sufficient to make one hundred and twenty pills. Ten, four times a day, in chronic mucous discharges. Schubert. 
Acoustic Balsam. 
R. Balsam of .Peru, half a drachm. Narcotic oil, Onion juice, each, one ounce. 
Mix. A dossil of cotton saturated with this oil, is to be introduced into the deaf ear, provided there is no inflammation or violent pain. 
R. Beef gall, three fl. drachms. Balsam of Peru, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. To be occasionally dropped into the ear to correct a fetid discharge, syringing it also, daily, with a weak solution of soap and water. Hugh Smith. 
Liniment for Chilblains. 
R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. Muriatic ether, Laudanum, each, two drachms. 
Mix. As a friction. Henschel. 
Mamillary Lotion. 
R. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Yolk of egg, one. 
Spirit of wild thyme, three ounces. Mix. The sore nipple is to be bathed with this, and then sprinkled with a powder, composed of one drachm of Peruvian bark, and two drachms of gum Arabic. Iverg. 
Balsam of Peru Mixture. 
R. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. 
Extract of cinchona, two drachms. Honey of roses, three ounces. 
Mix. Two dessertspoonfuls, four times a day in chronic mucous discharges. St. Marie. 
R. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Cinnamon water, Water, each, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. To be taken three or four times a day, as an expectorant in chronic catarrh. Ellis. 
Tincture of Balsam of Peru. R. Balsam of Peru, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Macerate for some days, and filter. Guibourt. 
Principally used as an external application to ulcers, &c. 
Syrup of Balsam of Peru. R. Tincture of balsam of Peru, one fl. ounce. 
Tepid simple syrup, two pounds. Mix, and agitate briskly. Dose, from one to two drachms. Lisbon Ph. 
Balsam of Peru Collutory. 
R. Tincture of balsam of Peru, one part. " guaiacum, four parts. 
Mix. A teaspoonful to a glass of water, to rinse the mouth. Taddei. 


142 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA —BARII CHLORIDUM. 
Locatelli's Balsam. 
R. Olive oil, six ounces. 
Yellow wax, four ounces. 
Wine, five fl. ounces. 
Melt together by a gentle heat, till all moisture is evaporated, and add 
Venice turpentine, six ounces. 
Balsam of Peru, two drachms. 
Red saunders, half an ounce. 
Mix. Formerly used in phthisis, but now employed only as an external application. This is the original formula. Spielmann. 
Ointment of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Balsam of Peru, Spermaceti ointment, equal parts. 
Mix. As a dressing to painful ulcers. Radius. 
Compound Ointment of Balsam of Peru. 
R. Lard, two ounces. White wax, four drachms. 
Melt in a water-bath, and add 
Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Oil of lavender, twelve minims. 
As an application to promote the growth of the liair. Copland. 
Plaster of Balsam of Peru. R. Powdered carbonate of lead, sixteen parts. u litharge, eight parts- Rose oil, forty-eight parts. White wax, thirty-two parts. Melt together, and, at close of operation, add 
Balsam of Peru, two parts. As an application to indolent ulcers. Foy. 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. 
Wild Indigo. 
A native plant, found in most parts of the country ; becoming black when dried. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. 
Torrey and Gray, Flor. i. 386. Griffith, Med. Bot. 231. 
The root, which is the part used, is emetic and purgative when fresh. Has been considered a valuable antiseptic and febrifuge, and has bf,en given with advantage in typhus fever, (scarlatina, &c, and also used as a wash to foul ulcers, aphthae, &c. Most employed in decoction. 
Decoction op Wild Indigo. 
R. Root of wild indigo, one ounce. Boiling water, a pint and a half. 
Boil down to a pint. Dose, half a fl. ounce every four to eight hours. Comstock. 
Ointment op Wild Indigo. R. Contused root of wild indigo, 
two ounces. 
Lard, six ounces. Simmer together for an hour and strain. Has been found beneficial as an application to burns and ulcers. 
BARIUM. BARII CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Barium. 
R. Carbonate of baryta, one pound. Muriatic acid, twelve fl. ounces. Water, three pints. 
Mix the acid with the water, and gradually add the baryta; towards close of effervescence, apply a gentle heat, and, when action has ceased, filter, and boil down, for crystals to form. U. S. Ph. 
Powders of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, two drachms. Calomel, ten grains. Sulphuret of antimony, six grains. Mix, and divide into forty-eight powders. Dose, two a-day in syrup, in cutaneous affe'ctions. Swediaur. 
Pills of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, 
Extract of liquorice, each, half a drachm. 
Powdered liquorice root, Water, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Phoebus. Dose, four to eight, three or four times a-day. 
R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. Resin of guaiacum, half an ounce. Conserve of fumitory, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and eighty-eight pills. One to be taken morning and evening, increased to two, against tapeworm. Pierquin. 
Solution of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of barium, one ounce. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Has been used in small doses in cancer and scrofula. Dose, five drops, two or three times i a-day, cautiously increasing. 


143 
BARII IODIDUM —BARYTA ACETAS. 
CoLLYRIUM OF CHLORIDE OF BARIUM. R. Chloride of barium, ten grains. Distilled water, one ounce. 
Dissolve, filter, and add 
Mucilage of quince seeds, two drachms. Wine of opium, half a drachm. Radius 
The eyelids are to be washed several times a-day with this, in scrofulous ophthalmia. 
Mixture of Chloride of Barium. R. Chloride of*barium, 
" iron, each, half a drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. 
Dissolve. Auguslin. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. 
R. Chloride of barium, Extract of cicuta, each, half a drachm. Distilled water, half an ounce. Antimonial wine, one drachm and a half. 
Fhwbus. 
Dose, fifteen to twenty drops every three hours, in chronic orchitis. 
R. Chloride of barium, one drachm. Balm water, seven fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. 
Dose, twenty to thirty drops four times a-day. Hufeland. 
R. Chloride of barium, four grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Extract of hemlock, four grains. Common emulsion, one pound. Syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. To be taken during the day, in scrofula, and scrofulous phthisis. Brera. 
BARII IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Barium. 
R. Iodine, one hundred parts. Iron filings, thirty parts. Water, sufficient. 
Prepare an iodide of iron, add in twenty parts of water, as long as a precipitate is formed, heat a moment, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. 
Been used with success in scrofula. Dose, £ of a grain, three times a-day, cautiously increasing. 
Powder of Iodide of Barium. R. Iodide of barium, one grain. Powdered cinnamon, Sugar, each, four scruples. 
Mix well, and divide into eight powders. One to be given two or three times a-day in scrofula. Radius. 
Ointment of Iodide of Barium. R. Iodide of barium, four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As a friction in scrofulous swellings. Biett. 
BARII SULPHURETUM. SULPHURET OF BARIUM. 
R. Sulphate of baryta, eleven parts. Charcoal, one part. Oil of turpentine, sufficient. 
Triturate the baryta with the coal, moisten the mixture with the turpentine, and heat the whole in a crucible to redness; let cool, and preserve. Van Mons. 
BARYTA. 
Barytes. 
R. Nitrate of baryta, sufficient. Mix in a platina crucible to a red heat. When the mass has become solid and porous, raise to a white heat, remove from fire, and cool. 
Van Mons, 
Solution of Barytes. 
R. Baryta, one part. Distilled water, twenty parts. 
Dissolve. Van Mons. 
Has been recommended in scrofula, in doses of four to five drops, in some appropriate vehicle. 
Barytic Liniment 
R. Solution of baryta, 
Solution ot baryta, one part. Olive oil, six parts. 
Rub together. Soubeiran. 
Advised as an external application in lepra, and other obstinate cutaneous diseases. 
BARYTiE ACETAS. 
Acetate of Baryta. 
R. Carbonate of baryta, at will. Acetic acid, sufficient 
to saturate; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 
Van Mons. 
Solution of Acetate of Baryta. R. Acetate of baryta, one part. Distilled water, nine parts. 
Dissolve, and filter. In same cases and doses as the solution of baryta. Hainb. Fh. 
Hamb. Fh. 


144 
BEBEERIN A —BELLADONNA. 
BEBEERINA. 
Bebeerine. 
This is an alkaloid obtained from the bark of a tree, growing in British Guiana. It is said to belong to the penus Nectandra, and has been named N. rodoei. The bark is in flat pieces, smooth, grayish, hard, heavy, and brittle, with but little odor, though of a very bitter taste. Bebeerine is extracted from this bark in the form of a sulphate, by a process similar to that used to obtain sulphate of quinia. In this form it contains both bebeerine and siperina, and is in thin, somewhat glittering scales of a brownish-yellow color, forming a yellow powder, soluble in cold water, but often forming a turbid solution, which is rendered clear by a few drops of diluted sulphuric acid. Pure bebeerine can be obtained from this solution as lbllows:— 
Decompose by ammonia, wash the precipitate, and whilst moist, triturate with-moist hydrated oxide of lead; dry on a water-bath, exhaust with alcohol, and distil off the spirit, treat the residue with ether; on the evaporation of the ether, bebeerine will be left of a bright canaryyellow color, but in powder appears nearly white. 
Dose of the sulphate is one to three grains as a tonic, and five grains to a scruple as a febrifuge. It is not equal to quinine as an antiperiodic, but is a good substitute for that article. 
Pills of Sulphate of Bebeerine. R. Sulphate of bebeerine, two drachms. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty-four pills — one to three, thrice a-day in intermittent fevers. Christison. 
Solution of Sulphate of Bebeerine. R. Sulphate of bebeerine, half a drachm. Diluted sulphuric acid, twenty-five minims. Syrup, Tincture of orange peel, each, one fl. ounce. 
Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day. Christison. 
BECCABUNGA. 
Brooklime. 
Two species of Veronica of similar properties <tre included under this name, the V. beccabunga and V. anagallis; they are both semi-aquatic plants, indigenous to Europe and to this country. 
Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophulariaceffi. 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 517. These plants are employed usually in a fresh atate. and considered to be antiscorbutic and 
alterative. They are usuallv given in infusion made with one or two handfuls of the herb to a pint of boiling water. They have also been employed in conserve, syrup, &c. 
Water of Brooklime. 
R. Brooklime, Water, each, 
two parts. Cotiereau. 
Distil off one part. 
Dose, one to four ounces. 
Decoction of Brooklime. 
R. Fresh brooklime, three ounces. Water, one pint. 
Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. Copland, 
Syrup of Brooklime 
R. Clarified juice of brooklime, one part. Sugar, two parts. 
Dissolve, by means of a water-bath. Taddei. 
BELLADONNA. 
Belladonna. 
This is the Atropa Belladonna, an herbaceous plant, native of Europe, and cultivated in some places in the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanace SB. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 2G0. Griffith, Med. Bot. 486. The whole plant is officinal in some Pharmacopoeias, but the leaves only are ordered in that of the U. S. This plant is a powerful narcotic, owing to the presence of a peculiar principle called Atropia. (Sec page 134.) It has been used in a variety of diseases as an anodyne, antispasmodic, and discutient. The dose of the powdered leaves is one to two grains, daily or twice a-day, gradually increasing. But it is more usually given in the form of an extract. 
Powder of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna root, three grains. " ipecacuanha, two grains. Ox*e of zinc, six grains. Sugar, one drachm. Rub together, and divide into six powders. One every two hours in epilepsy. Radius. R. Powdered belladonna root, two grains. " ipecacuanha, one grain. Washed sulphur, thirty-two grains. Sugar of milk, two drachms. Rub well together, divide into twenty powders. One every three hours in hooping-cough. rhoebus 


145 
BELLADONNA 
R. Powdered belladonna, grain. " nitrate of potassa, twenty-one grains. u sugar, nine grains. Make a powder, to be taken at bedtime. In chronic rheumatism, extensive ulcerations, mania, and epilepsy. A. T. Thomson. R. Powdered root of belladonna, 
" ipecacuanha, each, six grains. u liquorice root, " sugar, each, half a drachm. Precipitated sulphur, two scruples. Oil of anise, " amber, each, three minims. 
Mix, and make five to twenty powders. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Powdered leaves of belladonna, one to three grains. Musk, Camphor, each, five grains. Sugar, thirty grains. Triturate well together, and divide into eight powders. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder op Belladonna and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered belladonna leaves, 
ten grains. " rhubarb, two scruples. 
Mix, and divide into ten powders. One powder, two or three times a-day, in obstructions of the liver and spleen. Radius. 
Opiated Belladonna Leaves. R. Belladonna leaves, 
Water, each, two ounces. Extract of opium, one drachm. 
Dissolve the opium in the water, wash the leaves with the solution, and dry them by a gentle heat. Guibourt. 
Said to be very useful in phthisis, the patient to smoke a pinch every morning in a common pipe. 
Fumigation of Belladonna. 
R. Powdered belladonna, one drachm. Boiling infusion of sage, one quart. 
The steam to be inhaled. Said to be useful in hooping-cough and phthisis. Soubeiran. 
Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, one pound. Bruise in a stone mortar, with the addition of a little water; express the juice, heat to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half to one grain night and morning, to be gradually increased. 
10 
Alcoholic Extract op Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Moisten the leaves with half a pint of alcohol, let stand for twenty-four hours, put in a displacement apparatus, and add gradually the remainder of alcohol. When this has penetrated the belladonna, add water occasionally so as to keep the powder covered. Stop the process when the liquid that passes forms a precipitate in what has already passed. Distil off alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, quarter to half a grain, to be gradually increased. 
Compound Belladonna Pills. R. Extract of belladonna, 
Blue pill, Powdered ipecacuanha, each, twelve grains. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One to be taken morning and evening, in cancerous affections. Ainslie. 
Pills of Belladonna and Camphor. 
R. Camphor, three drachms. Assafetida, three drachms. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. Extract of opium, fifteen grains. Syrup of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Give one pill the first day, two the second, and so on till six are given daily, in hysteria. Debreyne. 
Solution of Extract of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna, three grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Make a solution. Dose for a child under one year, two or three drops twice or thrice a day, and an additional drop for each additional year. Ellis. 
Said to have proved efficacious as a preven tive of scarlatina. 
Infusion of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, four grains. Boiling water, two fl. ounces. 
Infuse. Take one-half as a dose. Paris. R. Belladonna leaves, half a drachm Water, seven fl. ounces. Infuse, strain, and add 
Compound tincture of cardamoms, one fl. ounce. 
Dose, a tablespoonfuL Saunders 


146 
BENZOINUM 
Syrup of Belladonna. R, Extract of belladonna, forty-eight grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve and filter, then add 
Syrup, three pounds. Boil, and strain. Cottereau. 
Said to be useful in hooping-cough, in doses of one to three drachms. 
Gillet's Syrup of Belladonna. R. Dried belladonna leaves, one ounce. Digitalis, Common nightshade, each, one drachm. 
Water, ten fl. ounces. Digest for two days, and filter, then add Syrup, two pounds. 
Cadet. 
Advised in hooping-cough, in the dose of a teaspoonful every hour or two. 
Tincture of Belladonna. 
R. Belladonna leaves, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is from fifteen to thirty drops. 
Ethereal Tincture of Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, dried, one part. Sulphuric ether, eight parts. Macerate for eight days, and filter. 
Guibourt. 
Belladonna Mixture. R. Extract of belladonna, eight to twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. drachm. Syrup of seneka, half fl. ounce. « tolu, three and a half fl. ounces. Mix. Advised in catarrh, in the dose of a teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, using also gum water acidulated with lemon-juice. Ellis. R. Extract of belladonna, fifteen grains. Fennel water, five fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Dissolve. Dose, a drop for every year of the age of a child, not to exceed fifteen; as a preventive of scarlatina. Maisier. 
Liniment of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna, two scruples. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. Cherry laurel water, two fl. ounces. 
As a friction to the abdomen in colica pictonum. Phoebus. 
Phoebus. 
Clyster op Belladonna. R. Belladonna leaves, 
twelve to twenty grains. Powdered jalap, one scruple. Boiling water, half a pint. 
Infuse, and strain. Pitschaft. This has been recommended in strangulated hernia, to overcome spasm. 
Plaster of Belladonna. 
R. Resin plaster, three ounces. Extract of belladonna, 
one ounce and a half. 
Melt plaster by means of a water-bath, and add the extract; mix well. U. S. Ph. An efficacious application in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. 
Ointment of Belladonna. 
R. Extract of belladonna, two drachms. Distilled water, two fl. ouuce3. Lard, two ounces. 
Rub well together. Used by Chaussier as an application to the neck of the uterus in cases of rigidity. Ratier. R. Fresh belladonna leaves, one part. Lard, two parts. Simmer together, express, and strain. Used in frictions of one or two drachms, to indolent 
tumors. Soubeiran. R. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. U. S. Ph. 
BENZOINUM. 
Benzoin 
Is the concrete juice of the Styrax Benzoin, a tree of some size, native of several of the East Indian Islands. 
Sex. Syst. Decand monog. Nat. Syst. Styracacese. 
Dryandcr, Ph. Trans, lxxvii. 308. Griffith, Med. Bot. 439. 
There are several varieties of benzoin, but the best is in whitish tears, united by a reddish, brown connecting medium. It has an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is stimulant and expectorant, and is much used in chronic catarrhs. 
Benzoated Lard. 
R. Benzoin in coarse powder, one ounce. Lard, twenty-five ounces. 
Heat them together in a water-bath for two or three hours, strain without pressure, and stir while cooling. 


147 
BENZOINUM 
Employed for ointments to be long kept, to prevent them from becoming rancid. Deschamps. 
Fumigating Powder. 
R. Powdered olibanum, . two pounds. " benzoin, " storax, each, half a pound. u dried roses, " lavender flowers, each, six ounces. 
Mix. K small quantity to be thrown on hot coals, to raise a smoke; to be inhaled in hooping-cough, &c. ' Dohrn. 
Fumigating Pastilles, 
R. Benzoin, ten parts. Charcoal, twenty-four parts. Nitrate of potassa, one part. Sassafras, two parts. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient to make pastilles, which are to be conical. Beral. 3J. Benzoin, sixteen parts. Sandal wood, four parts. Laudanum, one part. Balsam of tolu, four parts. Charcoal, forty-eight parts. Nitrate of potassa, two parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make conical pastilles. Foy. 
Powder of Benzoin. R. Powdered benzoin, " sugar candy, equal parts. Mix. Said to be useful with camphor water in asthma and chronic catarrh. Pierquin. 
Oil of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, at will. 
Water, a small quantity. 
Distil on a sand-bath, and separate the oil that passes over. 
Advised as a friction in neuralgic and rheumatic pains. Swediaur. 
Cosmetic Wash of Benzoin. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, three fl. drachms. Liquid subcarbonate of potassa, two fl. drachms. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a lotion m acne. Augustin. 
Cosmetic Emulsion of Benzoin. R. Almond paste, two drachr 
two drachms. 
eight fl. ounces. 
Rose water, 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Tincture of benzoin, three fl.. drachms. 
Schubarth 
Milk op Roses. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. Rose water, one pint. 
Mix. Taddei. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, one fl. drachm. " of tolu, twenty drops. Rose water, one pint. 
Mix. Giannini. Both these are used as cosmetic washes. 
Lotion for Burns. 
R. Benzoin, six drachms. 
Storax, four drachms. 
Balsam tolu, two drachms. 
Aloes, one drachm. 
Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
Make a tincture, to be used as a lotion for burns and scalds, before vesication has taken place. 
Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. 
Digest for some days, and filter. Guibourt. Used as a stomachic, carminative, &c, in doses of ten to twenty drops. 
Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 
R. Benzoin, three ounces Purified storax, two ounces. Balsam tolu, one ounce. Powdered aloes, half an ounce. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
A stimulating expectorant, and also used as an application to indolent ulcers. Dose, twenty to sixty drops. 
Turlington's Balsam. 
R. Benzoin, twelve ounces. Liquid storax, four ounces. Balsam of Peru, two ounces. Myrrh, . Aloes, each, one ounce. 
Balsam of tolu, Extract of liquorice, each, four ounces. Angelica root, half an ounce. Alcohol, eight pints. 
Digest for ten days, and strain. Used as a vul 
Phil CoU.Pharm 
nerary. 


148 
BERBER IS—BISTORT A. 
BERBERIS 
Barberry. 
One species of this genus, B. vulgaris, has been employed in medicine in Europe. It is a native of Europe, but is naturalized in some parts of the TJ. S. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ber- Iteridaceee. 
Torrey and Gray, Fl. i. 49. Griffith, Med. Bot. 112. 
The parts used are principally the berries, which are acidulous, and form a substitute for tamarinds, in the preparation of cooling drinks. The bark of the root is bitter and astringent, and is useful in the treatment of apthous sore mouth, and was at one time much esteemed in the treatment of jaundice. 
A bitter, crystallizable principle, called berberin, has been obtained from the root. This is tonic in doses of two or three grains, and laxative in doses of ten to fifteen grains. 
Lemonade op Barberries. R. Juice of berries, oru 
one part. 
Sweetened water, fifteen parts. 
Mix. As a refreshing drink in fevers. Beral. 
Infusion of Barberry. R. Barberry bark, om 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours. 
Used in jaundice. Dose, one fl. ounce. 
Copland. 
BISMUTHUM. 
Bismuth. BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Subnitrate of Bismuth. 
R. Purified bismuth, one ounce. 
Nitric acid, (Sp. Gr. 1.42), two fl. ounces. 
Diluted water, sufficient. Mix one fl. ounce of water with the acid, and dissolve the bismuth in the mixture; when action has terminated, pour clear solution into three pints of the water, and permit precipitate to subside ; pour off supernatant fluid, wash the precipitate well, and dry it by a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Used as a tonic and antispasmodic, especially in certain painful affections of the stomach. Dose, five grains, twice or thrice a day, gradually increasing the quantity. 
Compound Bismuth Powder. 
R Subnitrate of bismuth, twelve grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Carbonate of magnesia, two drachms. 
Mix, and form twelve powders. One, two or three times a-day, in gastrodynia. Clarus. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, eight grains. Opium, one grain. Sugar, two drachms. 
Mix, and form four powders. Amman. Much praised by the author in cholera ; one powder to be taken every two hours. 
Powders op Subnitrate op Bismuth. 
R. Subnitrate of bismuth, three to six grains. Sugar, ten grains. Make six powders. Place one powder on the tongue of a child, (one year old), three or four times daily. Used in the diarrhoea of children. Trousseau. 
Pills of Subnitrate of Bismuth. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One to be given every two hours in dyspepsia. Ellis. 
Subnitrate of Bismuth Ointment. R. Subnitrate of bismuth, one part. Lard, three parts. Rub well together. Said to be useful in psora, and other cutaneous eruptions. Kerksig. 
BISTORTA. 
Bistort. 
This is the root of the Polygonum Bistorta, a native of Europe, and also found in the northern parts of this country, growing in wet situations. Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygonacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. ,516. Lindley, Fl. Med. 3G1. The part employed, is the root; this is bitter and austere, especially in a fresh state. It is a powerful astringent, but is seldom used in this country. The dose of the powder is twenty or thirty grains, three or four times a-day. 
Infusion of Bistort. 
R. Bistort, one ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Recommended in passive hemorrhages. Radius 
Astringent Clyster. 
R. Bistort, one ounce. 
Poppy heads, two drachms. 
Water, one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. As an injection, in diarrhoea and chronic dysentery. Guibourt. 


BOLETUS LARICTS — BRUCIA. 
149 
Extract op Bistort. 
R. Powdered bistort, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Exhaust by the process of displacement, and evaporate the filtered fluid. Pharm. Hosp. Mil. 
Mixture of Bistort. 
R. Powdered bistort, two drachms. Syrup of quince, one ounce. 
Rub together, and add 
Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. 
A spoonful every hour, shaking the bottle each time, in passive hemorrhages, and atonic mucous discharges. Foy. 
BOLETUS LARICIS 
White Agaric 
A parasitic fungus growing on the trunk of the larch, in many parts of Europe. It is destitute of smell, but the taste, at first vapid and farinaceous, becomes bitter, acrid, and nauseous. Formerly much used as a purgative, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. It has lately been thought to be very efficacious in arresting the colliquative sweats in phthisis. 
Powder of Agaric. 
R. Powdered agaric, twelve grains. White sugar, two drachms. 
Mix well, and divide into six powders. One to be given at night, against colliquative sweats. Radius. 
Powder op Agaric and Opium. R. Powdered agaric, eighteen grains. opium, three grains. " gum Arabic, two drachms. Mix, and divide into nine powders. One to be given at night, against colliquative sweats. Radius. 
Pills of Agaric and Opium. 
R. Powdered agaric, fifteen grains. Extract of opium, two grains and a half. Mix, and form six pills. One or two at bedtime, in same cases as above noticed. Rayer. 
BRAYERA ANTHELMINTICA. 
Kousso. 
Kousso is the flower of the Brayera Antheltnintica, an Abyssinian tree about twenty feet high. Sex. Syst. Icosand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 272. 
The flowers are the only parts employed. When dried, they are greenish-yellow; taste feebly acrid, and unpleasant; the odor evolved by boiling is very fragrant. They are exclusively used for expelling the tapeworm. 
Infusion of Kousso. 
R. Flowers of kousso, half an ounce. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 
Macerate for half an hour. 
A little lemon-juice to be swallowed, and the infusion being stirred up, the whole is taken, liquid and powder, at two or three draughts, at short intervals, being washed down with cold water and lemon-juice. To promote the operation, tea may be taken. In three or four hours, if the remedy has not operated, a dose of castor oil, or a saline purgative should be administered. Jon. Pereira. 
BROMINIUM. 
Bromine. 
This elementary substance has much analogy to iodine in its chemical characters, and in its action on the system. It Is a dark red, volatile liquid, having a very caustic taste and a disagreeable odor. It has been employed in bronchoccle, scrofula, chronic cutaneous diseases, and hypertrophy of the heart. 
Solution of Bromine. 
R. Bromine. one part. Distilled water, forty parts. 
Mix. Dose, six drops several times a-day, grp.-dually increasing the dose. PourchS 
Alcoholic Solution of Bromine. R. Bromine, ten drops. Alcohol, one ounce. Mix. As an external application. The strength to be increased five drops to the ounce, daily. Fournet. 
Lotion of Bromine. 
R. Bromine, twenty to thirty drops. Water, one pint. 
Mix. For scrofulous ulcers. Glover. 
R. Bromine, four fl. drachms. 
Water. five fl. ounces. 
Mix. PourehS, 
BRUCIA. 
Brucine. 
R. Powdered false Augustura bark, at will. 
Treat it three times with water, acidulated with muriatic acid, mix the liquids, evaporate, add milk of lime, wash the precipitate, dry, ana 


150 
BRUCIiE ACETAS. MURIAS. ET SULPHAS—BUCHU. 
\ 
treat it with alcohol; evaporate this, and combine the residue with sulphuric acid, dissolve the salt in water, treat with animal charcoal, crystallize, redissolve in water, and precipitate by means of ammonia. Cottereau. 
A highly poisonous alkaloid, obtained from the bark of the strychnos nux vomica, or false Angustura bark. It is white, very bitter, and readily soluble in alcohol, but with difficulty in water. Acts on the system like strychnia, but with less energy, and has been given in same class of diseases. Dose, one-quarter to half a 
grain. 
Pills of Brucia. 
R. Brucia, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, half a drachm 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. One to be given morning and evening, gradually increasing the dose. F°y- 
Solution of Brucia. 
R. Brucia, six grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms 
Mix. A tablespoonful, morning and evening. Magendie 
Tincture of Brucia. 
R. Brucia, eighteen grains Alcohol (0-847), one fl. ounce 
Dissolve. Six to twenty-four drops in some demulcent drink. Soubeiran. 
BRUCIiE ACETAS. MURIAS. ET SULPHAS. 
Acetate, Muriate, and Sulphate of Brucia. 
These are all made by the same process, using for each the appropriate acids. R. Brucia, at will. Acetic acid, sufficient. Put the brucia in a porcelain capsule on a water-bath; pour a small quantity of water on it, and th.cn add the acid very gradually, constantly stirring till perfect saturation takes place ; filter, evaporate to one-half, and then crystallize. Cottereau. Used for the same purposes as the pure alkaloid, and in like doses. 
BRYONIA. 
Bryony. 
The roots of two species of bryony are used in medicine, the B. alba, and B. dioica, the first in England, tne latter in other parts of Europe; 
but arc identical in their sensible properties and action on the system. Sex. Syst. Monoec. syngen. Nat. Syst. Cucurbitaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 621. Griffith, Med. Bot. 311. The part used is the root; this is acrid and purgative, causing copious, watery stools, in doses of ten grains to two scruples. It has also some reputation as a cataplasm. 
Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R. Juice of bryony root, Crumb of bread, each, sufficient 
to form a cataplasm. Used as an application to engorged glands of the neck. Barthez. 
Compound Cataplasm of Bryony. 
R. Rasped bryony root, three ounces. Elder flowers, one ounce. 
Ammoniac, half an ounce. Muriate of ammonia, two drachms. Couium leaves, two ounces. Vinegar, sufficient. 
Mix, and heat. An application to scrofulous tumors. Plenck. 
Wine of Bryony. 
R. Bryony root, one ounce 
White wine, one pint. Boil gently, and filter. To be taken in wineglassfuls, in dropsies. Hufeland. 
BUCHU. BlICHU. 
Bnchu consists of the leaves of several species of Diosma, or more properly Barosma, especially of B. crenata and B. seratifolia. They are small shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rutaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. (Diosma) 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 191. 
These leaves have a strong, somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitterish, aromatic tasto. They are gently stimulant and diuretic, and are much used in diseases of the urinary organs, and also in some other complaints. The dose, in substance, is from twenty to thirty grains. / 
Infusion of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is from one to two fluid ounces. 


» 
BUXUS —CACAO. 
151 
Compound Infusion of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves, Uva ursi, each, half an ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Syrup of seneka, half a fl. ounce. 
One or two spoonfuls every two hours, in atony of the bladder, and mucous discharges. Radius. 
Tincture of Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves, Proof spirit, 
five ounces, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 
Dub. Ph. 
Dose, from one to four fl. drachms 
Extract of Buchu. 
R. Buchu, in coarse powder, one pound. Ether, four fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Displace without maceration, add diluted alcohol until a pint of ethcro-alcoholic tincture is obtained; suffer this to evaporate spontaneously; treat the residue in the displacer, with diluted alcohol, till two pints are obtained; evaporate to a syrup; add the product of the first tincture, and with a gentle heat concentrate to the proper consistence. W. Procter. 
Fluid Extract of "Buchu. 
R. Buchu leaves, eight ounces. Alcohol, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Water, ¦ sufficient. 
Reduce the leaves to a coarse powder, moisten them in a covered vessel, with twelve fl. ounces of the alcohol, macerate for six hours, and introduce into a displacer. When the clear fluid has ceased to pass, add the remaining alcohol, mixed with .four fl. ounces of water, until the displaced liquid amounts to twelve fl. ounces which is to be set aside until reduced to six fl ounces by spontaneous evaporation. The residue in the displacer is then to be treated with a pint of cold water by maceration for twelve hours, and subjected to pressure till a pint is obtained. Evaporate this to ten fl. ounces, mix with six fl. ounces of the tincture, agitate for several days, filter, or strain. Dose, one to two teaspoonfuls. W. Procter. 
BUXUS. 
Box. 
The box is a shrub or small tree, native of the south of Europe, but now generally cultivated in this country. Sex. Syst. Moncec. triand. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiaceae. 
The parts used are the wood and leaves. The first is sudorific and possesses somewhat the properties of guaiacum; the latter are purgative, but neither are now used. The following preparation, however, has obtained some celebrity in the cure of gonorrhoea, and in epilepsy. 
Oil of Box. 
R. Rasped box-wood, sufficient. Distil, separate the oil, and rectify it. 
Dose, four to five drops,, three times a-day. Wirtemberg Ph. 
c 
Compound Cocoa Powders. Palamoud. 
CACAO. 
Cocoa. Chocolate Nuts. 
R. Roasted cocoa, eight ounces. •Rice flour, Potato starch, each, two pounds, Red saunders, powdered, one ounce 
These are the seeds of Theobroma Cacao, a small tree, indigenous to South America. They are also produced from some other sources. Sex. Syst. Polyadelph. pentand. Nat. Syst. Byttneriaceas. Linn. Sp. PI. 1100. Lindley, Flor. Med. 138. The nuts are of an almond shape, and consist of a white, sweetish, somewhat oleaginous substance, covered by a leathery-like shell. They are principally used as an article of food, but also are employed in medicine. 
Mix. A drachm to an ounce, boiled in water, as a restorative diet. Soubeiran. 
Racahout des Arabes. R. Roasted cocoa, two 
two ounces, five ounces. 
Potato starch, 


152 
CADMIUM—CADMII SULPHAS. 
Powdered salep, one ounce. 
Sugar, eight ounces. Vanilla, sufficient. Mix. Two or three spoonfuls boiled with eight fl. ounces of water, form a nutritious diet for the convalescent. Foy. 
Wakaka des Indes. 
R. Roasted cocoa, two ounces. Sugar, five ounces and a half. Powdered cinnamon, two drachms. " vanilla, thirty-six grains. Ambergris, three grains. Musk, one grain and a half. Mix. Half a drachm, boiled with milk or water. More stimulating than the last. Guibourt. 
Compound Cocoa Paste Chocolate. Vanilla Chocolate. 
R. Cocoa paste, six pounds. Sugar, ten pounds. Vanilla, eleven drachms. Triturate thoroughly together, and form cakes. Cottereau. 
Aromatic Chocolate. 
R. Cocoa, Sugar, each, sixteen ounces. Powdered cinnamon, half an ounce. Cloves, two drachms 
Cardamom, Vanilla, each,. one drachm 
Triturate together, and form cakes. Weiglebt. 
Salep Chocolate. 
R. Cocoa paste, Sugar, each, ten pounds. Powdered salep, ten ounces. 
Triturate well, and form cakes of half an ounce each. Cadet. 
White Chocolate. 
R. Sugar, six pounds. Rice flour, one pound, twelve ounces. Potato starch, eight ounces, Gum Arabic, four ounces. Tincture of vanilla, half fl. ounce. Butter of cocoa, eight ounces. Boiling water, sufficient. 
Triturate well, into a stiff paste. Cottereau. These afford a good article of diet, for convalescents, and debilitated persons, when boiled with water or milk The last is the least stimu- 
luting 
Chocolate Cream. R. Boiling milk, six Sugar, Yolk of egg, each, Ground cocoa, 
sixteen parts. 
two parts, one part. 
Berah 
Mix, and boil gently. 
Butter or Oil of Cocoa. 
R. Cocoa, roasted, at will. Reduce to a paste in a warm iron mortar, triturate on a stone slab, add a fifth part boiling water, place in a bag, and express between two heated metal plates; melt the product, and, on cooling, separate the water. This article affords a good medium for making suppositories Guibourt. 
Butter of Cocoa Mixture. 
R. Butter of cocoa, three ounces. Oil of almonds, one ounce and six drachms. 
Syrup of red poppies, one ounce. Orange-flower water, four drachms. Mix. As a soothing demulcent in catarrh. In spoonful doses. Cadet. 
Butter of Cocoa Ointment. R. Butter of cocoa, 
Oil of almonds, equal parts. 
Melt over a water-bath. Guibourt. 
CADMIUM. 
Cadmium. 
A soft, crystallizable, ductile, volatilizable metal,not used in medicine in its metallic state, but affording the following remedial salt. In its general effects, cadmium resembles the zinc salts. 
CADMII SULPHAS. Sulphate of Cadmium. 
R. Oxide of cadmium, one ounce. 
Sulphuric acid, sufficient. Dissolve, evaporate, and crystallize. Cottereau. It may also be obtained from the carbonate of cadmium by the addition of sulphuric acid. 
Used in solution and ointment, as an appli. cation in chronic ophthalmia. 
Solution of Sulphate of Cadmium. R. Sulphate of cadmium, two grains. Laudanum, twenty drops. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a wash in chronic ophthalmia. 
Guibourt. 


153 
CAH INC A — CALAMUS. 
R. Sulphate of cadmium, eight grains. Water, one fi. ounce. 
Dissolve. Used as a wash in otorrhcea. 
Lincke. 
Ointment of Sulphate of Cadmium. R. Sulphate of cadmium, 
one or two grains. Lard, one drachm. 
Mix. As an application in spots on the cornea. Radius. 
CAHINCA. 
Cahinca. 
This is the root of Chiococca Anguifuga, a Bhrub growing in Brazil. Its effects are those of a diuretic, and it has chiefly been employed in dropsical diseases. Dose, twenty to forty grains. 
Extract of Cahinca. 
R. Powdered cahinca, one part. Diluted alcohol, seven parts. 
Macerate twelve hours, then introduce into a displacer, exhaust, and evaporate to consistence of an extract. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Decoction of Cahinca. 
R. Bruised cahinca, two drachms. Water, one pint and a half. 
Boil to one-half) and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful. Von Langsdorff. 
C ALAMIN A. 
Calamine. 
This is a native impure carbonate of zinc, found in large quantities in England and Germany. The pure carbonate will be described under the head of Zinc. 
Prepared Calamine. 
R. Calamine, at will. Heat to redness and pulverize; then reduce to a very fine powder, as directed for prepared chalk. U.S. Ph. Used externally, as a mild astringent and absorbent, to excoriations and ulcerations, and also as an ingredient of cerates, &c. 
Calamine Cerate. 
(Turner's Cerate.} R. Prepared calamine, Yellow wax, each, three ounces. Lard, one pound. 
Melt the wax and lard, and as they thicken, stir in the calamine. 
This cerate is much used for excoriations, ulcerations, &c. 
CALAMUS. 
Calamus. 
This is the root of Acorus Calamus, an indigenous plant found in most parts of the U. S. in wet situations. It also grows in Europe and Asia. 
Sex. Syst. Hcxand. monog. Nat. Syst. OronJ tiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 462. Griffith, Med. Bot. 620. The part employed is the root; this has a fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. It is a stimulant tonic, and aromatic. The dose, in substance, is from a scruple to a drachm. 
Electuary of Calamus. R. Powdered calamus, 
two drachms and a half. " valerian, 
one drachm and a half. 
Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours. Shubarth. 
Infusion of Calamus. 
R. Calamus, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful or more. 
Compound Infusion of Calamus. R. Calamus, ten drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain, then add 
Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. Muriatic ether, one drachm and a half. 
Syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, in disordered digestion. Augustin. 
Tincture of Calamus. 
R. Calamus, bruised, 
Calamus, bruised, one part. Alcohol, (0.847) eight parts. 
Macerate for eight days, and filter. Guibourt. 
Compound Tincture of Calamus R. Contused calamus, "| " ginger, I each, " coriander, [ one ounce Black pepper, J Alcohol, two pints and a half 


154 
CALCIUM—CALX CHLORINATA. 
i 
Mncerate for four days, and fijter. Dose, forty to fifty drops as a stomachic and carminative. Niemann. R. Contused calamus, 
Pills of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Extract of opium, nine grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make fifty-four pills. One every two or three hours, in gonorrhoea, gradually increasing the dose, until eight, ten, or twelve are taken every hour. Grafe. 
" gentian, each, three ounces. " geum, two ounces and a half. u angelica, one ounce and a half. 
" ginger, half an ounce. " fennel, two ounces. Alcohol, twelve pints. 
CALX CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chloride of Lime. 
Macerate for six days, and filter. A teaspoonful in wine. Tromsdorff. 
R. Hydrate of lime, one pound. Chlorine gas, sufficient. 
CALCIUM. Calcium. 
Pass the chlorine gas over the lime, spread in a proper vessel, until it is saturated. Lond. Ph. 
It is desiccant and disinfectant, aud is also used to ill-conditioned ulcers, burns, chilblains, to some cutaneous affections, See. 
CALCII CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Calcium. 
Preservative Liquid. 
R. Chalk, five ounces. Muriatic acid, Water, each, ten fl. ounces. 
R. Water, sixteen parts. Chlorinated lime, four parts. Alum, two parts. Nitre, one part. 
Mix the acid and water, and gradually add the chalk. When all action ceases, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Fuse, and pour out on a stone slab ; when cool, break in fragments, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
Mix. Said to be very efficient for the preservation of anatomical preparations. Reboulet. 
Lozenges of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, two drachms. Sugar, eight ounces. Starch, one ounce. 
Cataplasm of Chloride of Calcium 
R. Chloride of calcium, " soda, each, half an ounce 
Tragacanth, one drachm. Cochineal, three graius. 
Water, half a pint. Linseed meal, sufficient. 
Rub well together, and make lozenges of three grains each. One to be taken three or four times a-day, in cases of bad breath. Deschamp8. 
Make a cataplasm. In scrofulous and white swellings. Swediaur. 
Solution op Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, eight ounces. Water (imp. meas.), twelve fl. ounces. 
COLLUTORY OF CHLORINATED LlME. R. Chlorinated lime, fifteen to thirty 
Dissolve, and filter. Edin. Ph., 1841 
grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one fl. ounce. Syrup of orange peel, half fl. ounce. Mix. To be applied by means of a piece of sponge or camel's hair-brush, to ulcers in the mouth. Angelot. 
Dose, thirty drops two or three times a-day, gradually increased; to be given in milk, or some demulcent. Used in scrofula, goitre, tabes mesenterica, &c. 
Mixture of Chloride of Calcium. R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Extract of henbane, ten grains, Syrup of liquorice, one ounce 
R. Chlorinated lime, three drachms. Distilled water, Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. Oil of roses, four drops. Dissolve, and filter. A teaspoonful in a glass of water, to correct fetid breath. Chevallier. 
Water, six ounces, 
Mix. A spoonful four times a-day in scrofula Phoebus, 
R. Chloride of calcium, one drachm. Almond mixture, seven fl. ounces Syrup of gum Arabic, one fl. ounce 
Chlorinated Lime Dentifrice. R. Chloride of lime, four grains. Powdered red coral, two drachms. 
Mix. A teaspooi-ful every three hours. Grafe. 


155 
CALCII IODIDUM —CALCII OXIDUM. 
A toothbrush, slightly wetted, to be dipped in this powder, and rubbed on the teeth. Magendie. 
Compound Injection op Chlorinated Lime. 
R. Chloride of lime, two drachms. Decoction of rhatany) thirteen fl. 
ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter. As an injection in ozena, three or four times a-day. Detmold. 
Ointment op Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Rub together. In scrofulous swellings. Cima. 
R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together. In goitre. Werneck. R. Chlorinated lime, 
Borate of soda, each, one drachm. Lard, . one ounce. 
Rub together thoroughly. In chilblains. Trusen. 
R. Chlorinated lime, one drachm. Powdered digitalis, two drachms. Vinegar, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together. In indolent glandular tumors. Phwbus. 
Liniment of Chlorinated Lime. R. Chlorinated lime, half a drachm. Rub in a glas's mortar, adding gradually, 
Rose water, one fl. ounce, and when quite clear, 
Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. As an application in tinea capitis. Trusen. 
CALCII IODIDUM 
Iodide of Calcium. 
R. Iodide of iron, at will. Precipitate with an excess of slaked lime, evaporate to dryness, dissolve in distilled water, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. 
Pills of Iodide of Calcium. 
R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. Extract of savine, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into four pills. One every four hours. In amenorrhcea, with scrofula. Brera. 
R. Iodide of calcium, ten grains. Extract of aconite, six grains. 
Mix, and divide into six pills. One every four hours. In chronic bronchitis and tubercular 
phthisis. 
Brera. 
CALCII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret or Calcium. 
R. Quicklime, seven parts. Sulphur, . four parts. 
Pulverize, and heat for two hours in a covered crucible. Guibourt. 
Guibourt. 
R. Quicklime, three parts. Sulphur, one part. Water, five parts. 
Mix, and boil gently ; evaporate to dryness, stirring. Keep in tight bottles. Codex. 
Stimulant and diaphoretic. Dose, five to ten grains. 
Compound Pills of Sulphuret of Calcium. 
R. Sulphuret of calcium, one drachm. Powdered cinnamon, Extract of aconite, each, fifteen 
grains. " mallows, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, four, three or four times a-day, in gout and chronic rheumatism. Phoebus. 
Liniment of Sulphuret of Calcium. R. Sulphuret of calcium, one ounce. Oil of juniper, two drachms. Dippel's animal oil, ten drops. Mix well. As an embrocation in gout. Augustin. 
CALCII OXIDUM 
Calx. Lime. 
R. Chalk, one pound. 
Break into small pieces, and calcine in a strong fire for an hour. Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Lime Water, 
R. Lime, four ounces. 
Distilled water, one gallon. Slake the lime with a little of the water, add the remainder, stir well, and let stand for three hours. Keep in well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Compound Lime Water. 
R. Rasped guaiacum wood, half a pound. Contused liquorice root, one ounce " sassafras bark, half an ounce. 
" coriander seeds, three drachms. 
Lime water, (wine meas.) six pints Macerate for two days in a closed vessel, and 
Dub. Ph. 1826, 
filter. 


156 
CALCIS CARBONAS 
Liniment op Lime Water and Oil. R. Linseed oil, three fl. ounces. Lime water, six fl. ounces. Make a liniment. As an application to burns and scalds. • Ellis. R. Lime water, 
Linseed oil, each, two fl. ounces. Mix. Used like the preceding, under the name of Can on oil. U. S. Ph. 
Liniment op Lime Water and Alcohol. 
R. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Lime water, half a pint. 
Mix. In same cases as the last. Ellis. 
Liniment of Lime Water and Opium. R. Lime water, 
Linseed oil, Laudanum, equal parts. 
Mix. In the same cases, and as an embrocation to allay pain. Augustin. 
Liniment for Sore Breasts. R. Lime water, 
Almond oil, each, three drachms. Extract of opium, one grain. 
Mix. The breasts are to be covered with lint dipped in this mixture. Niemann. 
Liniment of Lime and Sulphur. 
R. Lime, Sulphur, each, two ounces. Olive oil, sufficient. 
Mix. As a friction in scabies. Giannini. 
Lime Water and Carbonate of Po- 
tassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Lime water, two pints. 
Dissolve. As an antilithic; a wineglassful every two hours, in same quantity of new milk. Ellis. 
Lime Water and Milk. R. Lime water, 
New milk, equal parts. Mix. As an antacid, and to remove sickness of the stomach. Dose, one to two tablespoonfuls. Ellis. 
Antacid Mixture. ]£. Lime water, four fl. ounces. Solution of potassa, Syrup of orange peel, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a spoonful in a cup of water. Found useful in dyspepsia and heartburn. Cooley. 
Lime Ointment. 
R. Lime, one ounce. 
Linseed oil, three ounces. Mucilage of quince seeds, two ounces. 
Mix well. In burns and scalds. Radius. 
R. Slaked lime, one drachm. Carbonate of soda, two drachms. Extract of opium, ten grains. Lard, two ounces. 
Rub well together. In obstinate cutaneous affections. Biett. 
R. Slaked lime, Laudanum, each, half a drachm. Cucumber ointment, four drachms. 
Rub well together. As an application to hemorrhoidal tumors. Guibourt. 
R. Lime, Sulphur, each, two ounces. Muriate of soda, one ounce. 
Lard, one pound. Olive oil, two pounds. Mix well. As a friction in itch. Fcrrara. Ph. 
CALCIS CARBONAS. 
Carbonate of Lime. 
Precipitated Carbonate'of Lime. R. Water of chloride of calcium, 
five parts. Carbonate of soda, three parts, 
dissolved in four times its weight of distilled water. Mix. Wash the precipitate three times, and dry. Dub. Ph. 
Prepared Chalk. 
R. Chalk, at will. 
Add a little water, and rub to fine powder. Throw into a vessel of water, and stir; pour off liquid while yet turbid, into another vessel, and permit chalk to subside; pour off water, and dry the precipitate. U. S. Ph. 
Prepared Oyster Shell. R. Oyster shell, at will. 
Free it from extraneous matter, wash with boiling water, reduce to powder, and proceed as with chalk. :nLjJ. S. Ph. 
As an antacid in bowel affectiofiJ|Pln doses of from ten to forty, or. more grains, often re. 
peated. 


CALCIS PHOSPHAS 
157 
Aromatic Powder op Chalk. 
R. Prepared oyster shell, two drachms. Magnesia, one drachm. Powdered cinnamon, one scruple. 
Mix. 
Compound Powder op Chalk. R. Prepared chalk, half a pound. Cinnamon, four ounces. Tormentil, 
Gum Arabic, each, three ounces. Long pepper, half an ounce. 
Beat separately into fine powder, and mix. Lond. Ph. 
Stimulant, astringent, and antacid; useful in diarrhoea, with acidity, but without inflammation. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Compound Powder op Chalk with Opium. 
R. Compound powder of chalk, six ounces and a half. 
Powdered opium, four scruples. Mix well. Lond. Ph. 
In diarrhoea of adults, in doses of ten or twenty grains, after each evacuation. « 
Dentifrice Powder with Carbonate of Lime. 
R. Powdered cuttlefish bone, " Peruvian bark, , " myrrh, equal parts. 
Mix. Pierquin. R Powdered cuttlefish bone, six ounces. " red coral, two ounces. " dragon's blood, " red saunders, " orris root, each, one ounce and a half. 
** cinnamon, " alum, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. Par. Cod. 
Lozenges of Chalk. 
R. Prepared chalk, four ounces. Gum Arabic powdered, one ounce. Nutmeg, " one drachm. Sugar, " six ounces. Rub together till mixed; mix with sufficient water to form mass; divide into lozenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. 
As a mild antacid astringent, in diarrhoea. 
Dentifrice Electuary. 
R. Powdered red coral, four ounces. " cuttlefish bone, one ounce. 
Powdered cinnamon, one ounce. " cochineal, half an ounce. " alum, half a drachm. Oil of cloves, six drops. Honey, ten ounces 
Mix. 
Taddei. 
Chalk Mixture. 
R. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. Sugar, Powdered gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 
Cinnamon water, Water, each, four fl. ounces. 
Rub them together until thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph 
A tablespoonful, as may be required. 
R. Prepared chalk, one drachm and a half. 
White sugar, Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis 
Compound Chalk Mixture. 
R. Chalk mixture, five fl. ounces. 
Aromatic confection, one drachm. Solution carbonate ammonia, one fl. drachm. 
Laudanum, twenty minims. Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, in diarrhoea. Ainslie 
CALCIS PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate of Lime. 
R. Burnt bones, in powder, one part. Diluted muriatic acid, Water, each, two pnns. 
Digest together for twelve hours, and filter Add water of caustic ammonia, sufficient to precipitate phosphate of lime. Wash this, and dry. Dub. Ph. 1826. 
Burnt Hartshorn. 
R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open vessel till quite white, and prepare thera as directed for chalk. Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Has been thought efficacious in mcllities os sium and rachitis, but probably inert Dosetwenty grains, or more. 


158 
CALENDULA—CALOTROPIS 
Syrup of Phosphate of Lime. R. Phosphate of lime, one hundred and twenty-eight grains. Glacial phosphoric acid, half an ounce. Sugar, seven and a half ounces. Water, four fl. ounces. Essence of lemon, twelve drops. Mix the phosphate with the water, and heat in a sand bath, gradually adding the phosphoric acid. Add water enough to compensate for the evaporation, then dissolve the sugar, and. when cold add the essence of lemon. Each teaspoonful contains two grains of phosphate and four grains of phosphoric acid. A. B. Durand. 
Dentifrice Powder of Phosphate of Lime. 
R. Phosphate of lime, eighteen parts. White bole, 
Gum lac, each, 
Gum lac, each, twelve parts. Cinnamon, one part. Myrrh, two parts. 
Powder well, and mix. Van Mons. 
Dentifrice Electuary of Phosphate of Lime. 
R. Powdered phosphate of lime, two ounces and a half. 
u gum lac, one ounce. 
" cinnamon, one drachm and a half. 
" cloves, one scruple. Syrup of lemon, sufficient. 
Make a soft electuary. Van Mons. 
CALENDULA. 
Marigold. 
This is the officinal name of Calendula officinalis, a plant indigenous to Europe, and often cultivated in gardens in this country as a pot herb. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. necess. Nat. Syst. Asteraceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1304. Lindley, Flor. Med. 466. The parts used are the herb, flowers, and seed. Their smell is peculiar, and somewhat aromatic; the taste is feebly bitter, and a little acrid. It was formerly much used, but had fallen into disuse, when, of late years, it has again been brought forward as a remedy in cancerous affections. 
Extract of Marigold. 
R. Marigold, one part. Tepid water, four parts. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil for a quarter of an hour, express, boil residue with four 
parts of water, express, mix two decoctions, and evaporate to proper consistence. Guibourt, 
Pills of the Extract of Marigold. R. Extract of marigold, 
" cicuta, 
Subcarbonate of iron, each, two drachms. 
Powdered marigold, one drachm and a half. 
Mix well, and divide into pills of two grains each. Five or six are to be taken three times a-day in schirrhous and cancerous affections. ¦ Rust. 
Lotion of Extract of Marigold. R. Extract of marigold, 
" cicuta, each, three drachms. Cherry-laurel water, two ounces. Tincture of opium, half an ounce. 
Mix.. As a lotion to cancerous ulcerations. 
Rust 
Infusion of Marigold. 
R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. Boiling water, sufficient 
to obtain five ounces; infuse, and add to the strained liquid 
Syrup of orange peel, half an ounce. Dose, two spoonfuls, three times a-day. Radius. 
Ltniment of Marigold 
R. Marigold flowers, three drachms. Water, five fl. ounces. 
Boil to three ounces, strain, and add Extract of marigold, one drachm. . Tar, two ounces. Pyroligneous acid, half an ounce. Gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix. As an application to cancerous ulcers. 
Radius. 
CALOTROPIS. 
MUDAR. 
The Calotropis gigantea is a native of the East Indies, and is now naturalized in several of the West India Islands. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Asclepiadaceae. Brown, Tr. Wern. Soc. 1. 29. Griffith, Med. Bot. 456. 
The part used is the bark of the root; this is of a whitish color, inodorous, but with a bitter, nauseous taste. It is purgative, alterative, and diaphoretic, and has been highly spoken of in the treatment of elephantiasis and lepra. Dose, three grains to thirty; in the latter dose it is emetic and purgative. 


159 
CAMPHORA 
Infusion of Mudae. 
R. Mudar, three drachms. Boiling water, eight ounces. 
Infuse, and strain. As an alterative, one to two.rl. drachms; as an emetic, two fl. ounces. Cassanova. 
Pills of Mudar. 
R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. Honey, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Two or three to be taken daily as an alterative in lepra, &c. Cassanova. 
Oil of Mudar. 
R. Powdered mudar, one drachm. Olive oil, seven ounces. 
Infuse for half an hour over a water-bath, and strain. As an application to leprous sores. Cassanova. 
CAMPHORA. 
Camphor. 
A peculiar white, crystallizablc, semi-transparent, volatile product of several plants; but that used in medicine is obtained from the Camphora officinarum, an evergreen tree, of considerable size, indigenous to China, and other Asiatic countries. 
Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lau raccte. 
Neos. Laurin. 88. Griffith, Med. Bot. 553. It has narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative properties, and is employed in a variety of diseases, and used externally, as an anodyne. The dose is from three to ten grains. Camphor can be powdered by trituration, with a few drops of alcohol. 
Camphor Powder. 
R. Camphor, nine grains Sugar, one drachm 
Mix, and divide into nine powders. Avgustin. 
Compound Camphor Powder. R. Powdered camphor, 
Myrrh, each, two drachms Peruvian bark, Chamomile, each, half an ounce Charcoal, one ounce 
Mix. Dose, two scruples, or more, in gangrene Rust. 
R. Powdered camphor, Benzoic acid, each, six grains Sugar, one drachm 
Mix, and divide into four powders. As an antispasmodic and sedative. Saunders. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. " orange peel, u sugar, each, two drachms " camphor, ten grains " opium, five grains 
Mix. A teaspoonful every hour. Amnion. Said to have been useful in cholera. 
Camphor Pills. 
R. Powdered camphor,^ Sugar, I each, Starch, | one scruple. Crumb of bread, J Mix, and make twenty pills. Avgustin. 
Compound Camphor Pills. R. Powdered camphor, twenty-four 
grains. u musk, eight grains. " opium, two grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into a mass, and divide into twelve pills. In hospital gangrene. Dupuytren. 
Pills of Camphor and Lactucarium. R. Camphor, 
Lactucarium, each, fifty grains. Mix, and make twenty pills. Four to six daily, as an aphrodisiac. Ricord. 
Pills of Camphor and Musk. R. Camphor, one scruple. Musk, ten grains. Ammoniac, two scruples. Opium, four grains. 
Mix, and divide into four-grain pills. Dose, four or five in a day, in nervous disorders. Richard. 
Camphor Water. 
R. Camphor, two drachms. Alcohol, forty minims. Carbonate of magnesia, four drachms. Distilled water, two pints. 
Rub the camphor with the alcohol, then with the magnesia, and afterwards, with the water gradually added, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one or two tablespoonfuls, to be repeated as occasion may require. 
Camphor Water and Laudanum. R. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in di arrhoea and dysentery. Llh$ 


160 
CAMPHORA 
Camphor Water and Nitric Acid. 
(Hope's Mixture.) 
R. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Nitric acid, four drops. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. 
Mix. In the same dose, and in the same complaints, as the last. Ellis. R. Nitrous acid, one fl. drachm. Laudanum, forty drops. Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, one or two fl. ounces every three hours, in dysentery. Hope. R. Camphor water, ten fl. drachms. Laudanum, forty drops. Spirit of sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm. 
Syrup of poppies, one fl. drachm. Mix. To prevent a paroxysm of intermittent fever. To be given just before its accession. Gregory. 
Camphor Water and Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
R. Camphor water, four fl. ounces. Hoffmann's anodyne, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour or two, in some demulcent drink. In nervous affections and sleeplessness in fevers. Ellis. 
Infusion of Camphor. 
R. Camphor, one ounce. 
Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Pour the water on the camphor, let stand till cold, and keep in well-stopped bottle. Dose, a tablespoonful, every hour or two, in nervous pervigilium and nervous irritability. Ellis. 
Camphor Mixture. 
R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. " gum Arabic, " white sugar, each, one drachm and a half. 
Tincture of opium, forty drops Mint water, four fl. ounces 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in low conditions of the system. Ellis. 
R. Camphor water, three fl. ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. ounce. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. Give a tablespoonful every two hours, in diarrhoea and cholera-morbus, adding ten drops of laudanum, when there is much pain. This is the celebrated mixture of Dr. Jos. Parrish. 
R. Powdered camphor, one scruple " gum Arabic, one drachm. * sugar, sufficient. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce 
Mix. To relieve the pain in dysmenorrhrea. One-half to be given as soon as pain is felt; if not relieved in an hour or two, the remainder to be taken. Dewees. 
R. Powdered camphor, half a drachm. " gum Arabic, two drachms. " sugar, three drachms. Vinegar, half an ounce. Water, six ounces. 
Mix. As a stimulant. Phoebus. 
Emulsion op Camphor. 
R. Camphor, Olive oil, each, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Triturate the camphor and oil together, until uniformly mixed; add the gum, and then the water gradually, triturating till the emulsion is formed. W. Procter. 
Camphor and Milk. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. 
Boiling milk, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To be used as a stimulant. Ellis. 
Camphor with Myrrh. 
R. Powdered camphor, one drachm. " myrrh, half a drachm. " sugar, two drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Ellis. 
Tincture of Camphor. 
R. Camphor, four ounces. 
Alcohol, two pints. 
Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 
Chiefly used as an anodyne embrocation. Dose, ten to twenty drops. 
Tincture of Camphor and Saffron. R. Camphor, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Saffron, one scruple. Alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for a day, and filter. Guibourt. 
As a lotion, or fomentation. 
Ethereal Tincture of Camphor. R. Camphor, one ounr. 
one ounce. 
Sulphuric ether, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Swediaur. 
Dose, twenty to thirty drops, in wine, as a stimulant and antispasmodic. 


161 
CAMPHORA 
Mixture op Tincture op Camphor. R. Tincture of camphor, 
Goulard's extract, equal parts. Mix. As a lotion, several times a-day, to parts disposed to ulcerate by constant decubitus. Tott. 
Mixture op Camphor and Chloroform. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. Chloroform, half a fl. drachm. Mix, and add 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Triturate, and add gradually 
Water, six fl. ounces. As a stimulant. Dose, two fl. drachms to fl. half ounce. Keating. 
Mixture of Camphor and Ether. R. Camphor, one scruple. Sulphuric ether, two drachms. 
Dissolve, and add 
Laudanum, twenty drops. Cinnamon water, six ounces 
Laudanum, 
Mix. A spoonful every three or four hours as a stimulant. Augustin. 
Camphor Liniment. 
R. Camphor, half an ounce. 
Olive oil, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the camphor in the oil. U. S. Ph. As an anodyne embrocation. 
Compound Camphor Liniment. R. Camphor, two ounces and a half. Solution of ammonia, seven fl. ounces and a half. 
Spirit of lavender, one pint. Mix solution of ammonia with the spirit; then, from a glass retort, b) r a slow fire, distil a pint; dissolve camphor in the distilled fluid. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
A rubefacient and anodyne embrocation. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. Oil of chamomile, Wine of opium, each, two drachms. Oil of hyoscyamus, one ounce. 
Mix. Augustin. 
Liniment of Camphor and Vinegar. R. Tincture of camphor, three fl. ounces. Acetic acid, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion or embrocation. Ellis. 
Ethereal Camphor Liniment. R. Soft soap, 
Alcohol, each, one ounce. 
11 
Dissolve and add Camphor, 
half an ounce, 
Dissolved in 
Sulphuric ether, As an embrocation. 
one fl. ounce. 
Saunders. 
Ward's Essence for Headache. R. Camphor, two ounces. Rectified spirit, fourteen ounces. Water of ammonia, two ounces. Oil of lavender, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an application to the forehead, &c, in headache. Redwood. 
Camphor Water Mixture. 
R. Camphor water, Solution of acetate of ammonia, each, half a fl. ounce. Antimonial wine, Tincture of opium, each, twenty drops. Mix. To be taken at bedtime, as a stimulating diaphoretic. Ellis. 
Camphor Clyster. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. 
Olive oil, two ounces. 
Mix. An excellent enema in cases of ascarides, to be used for three or four successive nights. Ellh. 
EUi*. 
R. Common clyster, two pints. Camphor, two drachms. 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Mix. A fourth part to be injected at a time timeto be employed as occasion may require in low fevers. Chaussier. 
Camphor Ointment 
R. Lard, Suet, I each, Oil of bayberries, f half an ounce Wax, J Melt together, and add 
Camphor, one drachm. Said to be efficacious as an application to chilblains. Radius. 
R. Fresh butter, three drachms. Spermaceti, two drachms. White wax, three ounces. 
Melt together, and add 
Powdered camphor, Oxide of zinc, each, three grains. 
To be applied in chronic inflammation of tho eyelids, to the affected parts, at night. Maternit* 


162 
CANELL A —CANNABIS. 
R. Camphor, . one drachm. Basilicon ointment, one ounce. Soap, half an ounce. Powdered mustard, one scruple. 
Mix. As an external application in lumbago. Feiriar. 
Camphor Collyritjm. 
R. Camphor water, six fl. ounces. Solution acetate of 
ammonia, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A mild astringent and stimulant in inflammation of the eyes. Ellis. 
Liniment of Camphor and Turpentine. 
R. Oil of turpentine, fifteen parts. Camphor, one part. 
Mix. As a stimulating embrocation. Beral. 
Nitrate of Camphor 
R. Nitric acid, . at will. 
Camphor, sufficient 
to saturate. Decant. Ten drops every two hours on sugar, or in syrup, in chronic pleurisy. Also used as a friction in rheumatism and 
palsy. Van Mons. 
Camphorated Cough Mixture. 
R. Camphor, half a scruple. Mucilage of gum Arabic, three ounces. 
Syrup of mallows, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Saunders. 
CANELLA. 
Canella. 
This is the bark of the Canella alba, a large tree, native of Jamaica and other West India islands. 
Sex. Syst. Dodecand. monog. Nat. Syst. Me liaceee. 
Swartz. Trans Linn. Soc. 1. 96. Griffith, Med. Bot. 181 
The part used is the bark, which is of a pale orange-yellow color, with an aromatic odor, and a warm, Ditterish, pungent taste. It is principally used as an adjuvant to other remedies. The dose, as a stimulant, is from ten grains to a scruple 
Powder of Canella and Aloes. 
R. Aloes, ODe pound. Canella three ounces. 
Rub into a fine powder, and mix. This is much used in amenorrhoea. Dose, ten to twenty grains. V. S. Fh. 
R. Powdered aloes, one drachm and a half. 
" canella, eighteen grains. " serpentaria, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. Give one powder every three hours, in syrup. This and the preceding are generally termed hiera picra. Ellis. 
Tincture of Hiera Picra. R. Powder of aloes and . 
canella, one ounce and a half. Brandy, one pint. 
Macerate ten days. 
A popular and most efficient remedy in ame. norrhoea. Dose, a teaspoonful. ' Ellis. 
CANNABIS. 
Hemp. 
The Cannabis saliva is an annual plant, a native of Asia, but generally cultivated in Europe and the United States. The East Indian plant is more powerful in its action on the system than that growing in more temperate climates. This alone is used in medicine ; and it is designated in the U. S. Pharm. as the Cannabis saliva — variety Indica. Sex. Syst. Diosc. pentand. Nat. Syst. Cannabinacea?. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 572. The parts used are the seeds, the leaves, and the stems; the two latter are covered with a resinous exudation, which is narcotic and intoxicating. They have been recommended in a variety of diseases of a formidable character. 
Extract of Hemp. 
R. Dried hemp tops, at will. Boil in alcohol until all the resinous matter is dissolved; strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. O'Shaughnessy. 
Has been given with success in tetanus, hy drophobia, cholera, &c. Dose, one to ten grains. To be increased as occasion may require. 
R. Dried hemp tops, one pound. Rectified spirit, one gallon. 
Boil, distil off the spirit, and evaporate the extract by a gentle heat. Bengal Dispensatmy. 
Dose, half a grain to a grain, in painful and spasmodic affections. 


CANTHARIS. 
163 
Purified Extract of Hemp. R. Commercial extract of 
hemp, one ounce. 
Rectified spirit, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, let the dregs subside, decant and evaporate the clear solution on a water-bath, to the consistence of an extract. Dose, half a grain. Dub. Phar. 
•Tincture of Hemp. R. Purified extract of 
hemp, half an ounce. Rectified spirit, (Imp.) half a pint. 
Dose, five to twenty drops, in neuralgia, &c. Dub. Ph. 
R. Extract of hemp, twenty-four grains. Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. In tetanus, one drachm every half hour, till some effect is produced. In cholera, ten drops every half hour; in other diseases, every two hours. O' Shaughnessy. 
Emulsion of Hemp-seed. 
R. Hemp-seed, bruised, six drachms. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Parsley water, five fl. ounces. 
Rub together so as to form emulsion, strain, and add 
Syrup of balsam of Peru, one ounce. A spoonful every hour in gonorrhoea. Radius. 
Resin of Hemp. 
R. Dried hemp-tops, bruised, at will. Macerate several times in warm water, and then in a solution of carbonate of soda ; afterwards, wash well with water, pressing after each operation. Dry, and digest in rectified spirit, to which milk of lime, containing an ounce of lime to each pound of hemp-tops, has been added. Filter, add a slight excess of sulphuric acid ; again filter, distil off most of the spirit, add to the residue three or four times its bulk of water, evaporate the rest of the spirit, decant the water, wash and dry. Dose, two-thirds of a grain. Smith. 
CANTHARIS. 
Spanish Fly. 
The Cantharis vesicatoria is an insect inhabiting those parts of Europe in which the vine grows naturally. It has a fetid odor and an acrid taste. The body is oblong, of a goldengreen color. Spanish flies are stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, and vesicant. They are used internally in dropsies, and in various disorders of the urinary organs; externally, to irritate or vesicate. Several species are natives of the United States, which ire not inferior in their 
powers to the foreign insect. Cantharidin, their active principle, is soluble in ether, chloroform, the oils, and boiling alcohol. Dose of the flies, one to two grains. 
Powder of Cantharides and Savine. R. Powdered cantharides, two grains. " savine, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One to be taken at night, as an emmenagogue, watching its effects closely. Ellis. 
Powder of Cantharides and Camphor. 
R. Powdered cantharides, four grains. " camphor, eight grains. Sugar of milk, three drachms. Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be given twice a day as a diuretic. Augustin. 
R. Powdered cantharides, eighteen grains. " opium, " camphor, each, thirty-six grains Mix, and form into thirty-six pills. One to be taken at bedtime, in cases of impotency from general debility. Ellis. 
Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, at will. Digest, in four or five times their weight of alco hoi; filter, repeat operation, unite the two tinctures, and evaporate. Soubeiran. 
Pills op Cantharides and Iron. R. Powdered cantharides, one scruple. Subcarbonate of iron, two scruples. Extract of liquorice. one drachm. Form a mass, and divide into pills of one grain each. Dose, three or four, three times a-day, gradually augmenting the dose. As a diuretic. Meissner. 
Pills of Cantharides and Capsicum. R. Powdered cantharides, five grains. " capsicum, eight grains. " camphor, one scruple. u guaiacum, one drachm. Tincture of colocynth, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into eighty pills. Dose, one, gradually increasing to four or five, twico a-day, in paraplegia. Sundelin. 
Infusion of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, one scruple. Boiling water, • sufficient 
to obtain three ounces of infusion, after digesting for half an hour, and straining. Soubtiran. 


164 
CANTHARIS 
Acetic Infusion of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, two ounces and a half. 
Acetic acid, two pints. Digest for fourteen days and filter. Recommended for blistering the scalp without removing the hair. Mettauer. 
Emulsion of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, one scruple. Sweet almonds, six drachms. Sugar, one ounce. Beat together, and gradually rub up with 
Lime water, ten ounces. Strain. A spoonful every two or three hours in neuralgia, and in catarrh of the bladder. Berends. 
R. Cantharides, half a drachm. Sweet almonds, one ounce. 
Sugar, half an ounce. Beat together, and make an emulsion with 
Hot water, ten fl. ounces. Strain. A spoonful, every two or three hours, in hooping-cough. Hufeland. 
Vinegar of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, two ounces. Acetic acid, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Lond. Fh., 1836. 
As an epispastic, or as a rubefacient lotion. 
Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, bruised, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Fh. 
A very convenient mode of administering cantharides. Dose, from ten to twenty drops. Also useful as a rubefacient. 
Camphorated Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, half an ounce. Camphor, three drachms. 
Alcohol, two ounces. 
Mix. As a rubefacient. Pierquin. 
Compound Tincture of Cantharides. R. Cantharides, one drachm. 
one drachm. 
Mustard, ") Black pepper, > each, half an ounce. Camphor, ) Garlic, one bulb. 
Vinegar, six ounces. 
Alcohol, twelve ounces. 
Macerate for some days, express, and filter, Said to be very effectual as a rubefacient lotion in rheumatism, &c. Foy. 
R. Tincture of cantharides, Extract of rosemary, each, one drachm. 
Solution of carbonate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a lotion to promote the gr«wth of hair, where it has been lost from an eruption, or from fever. Sachse. 
Tincture of Cantharides and Gua- IACUM. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one drachm. " guaiacum, forty-five grains. Contused rhubarb, one drachm and a half. 
u shell-lac, half a drachm. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 
Digest, and strain. Dose, from thirty to fitly drops, night and morning, in some demulcent. In gleet. Ellis. 
Ethereal Tincture of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Acetic ether, sixteen parts. Digest for eight days, express, and filter. Foy. 
As a rubefacient and vesicant lotion; it is very energetic. 
R. Powdered cantharides, three ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints and a half. Digest for eight days, and filter. 
Used for the same purposes as the last. Mettauer. 
Ethereal Extract of Cantharides. R. Powdered cantharides, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. Treat the powder with the ether in a displacement funnel, properly arranged, until exhausted, and distil off the ether. Flies yield 8 per cent, of this extract. It is employed for increasing the activity of blistering plasters, and for admixture with wax to make blistering tissuepaper. Soubeiran 
Camphorated Ethereal Tincture of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Nitrate of camphor, three parts. Alcohol, fifty-six parts. 
Digest and express, and filter at the end of a few days. Advised in dropsy, in the dose of ten to twenty drops, in white wine. Van Mons, 


165 
CANTHARIS 
Oil op Cantharides. 
R. Cantharides, one part. Olive oil, eight parts. 
Digest for six hours on a water-bath, express, and filter. Guibourt. 
An active vesicant. 
R. Cantharides, one part. Oil of rosemary, eight parts. 
Digest for fifteen days, express, and filter. More active than the preceding. Beral. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Chloroform, Castor oil, each, one and a half parts. 
Mix, let stand in a close vessel for some hours, and then pass through a displacement apparatus. 
This oil vesicates promptly, when applied to a part, and covered with oiled silk. E. Dupuy. 
Liniment of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one ounce Oil of turpentine, half a pint 
Digest for three hours over a water-bath, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
An active stimulant when applied to the skin ; used with success in the low stages of typhus fevers. Requires caution in its use. 
Liniment op Cantharides and Cam phor. 
R. Camphor, three drachms Dissolve in 
Liniment of cantharides, half fl 
ounce 
Add 
Strong mercurial ointment, Simple ointment, each, one ounce 
Mix, and form liniment. In low stages of fever, where the object is to arouse the system, and to affect it with mercury also as an application to tumors Ellis. 
Decoction of Cantharides in Turpentine. 
R. Cantharides in powder, four ounces Oil of turpentine, twelve ounces 
Mix in a flask, place this in a salt-bath, and heat for four hours; then dissolve with oil of turpentine until twelve fl. ounces are obtained. Dr. Hartsharne. 
Liniment of Cantharides and Soap. R. Tincture of cantharides, half an 
ounce 
Liquid ammonia, an ounce and a half. Turpentine soap, two ounces. Spirit of turpentine, one ounce. " of camphor, eight ounces. 
Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Niemann. 
Cerate of Cantharides. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one pound. Yellow wax, Resin, each, seven ounces. 
Lard, ten ounces. Melt the wax, resin and lard, add the flies, and keep the mixture fluid for half an hour over a water-bath; remove from the fire and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
This is the common blistering plaster. 
Cantharides Ointment. 
R. Cantharides, in powder, two ounces. Distilled water, half a pint. Resin cerate, eight ounces. 
Boil down the cantharides in the water to onehalf, strain, add cerate, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
As a stimulating dressing to blisters. 
R. Spanish flies, in fine powder, Olive oil, each, six ounces. 
Oil of turpentine, three ounces. Yellow wax, Resin, each, four ounces. 
Mix the first three ingredients, place on a water-bath, and continue heat till Ike turpentine has nearly evaporated, stirring occasionally. Then add the wax and resin, previously melted together, and heat till well incorporated; remove from fire, and stir till cold. W. Procter. 
R. Powdered Spanish flies, four ounces. Boiling water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for twelve hours, and evaporate by.a, gentle heat to the consistence of syrup; add 
Yellow wax, four ounces. Resin, Olive oil, Spirit of turpentine, each, one ounce. Alcohol, two ounces. 
Incorporate well by stirring. Said to be active, to spread well, and not to deteriorate by keeping. Martin. R. Powdered cantharides, one ounce. 
Resinous ointment, seven ounces. Add the flies to the melted ointment, and stir briskly, as it concretes on cooling. Ed. Ph. 
Ointment op Extract of Cantharides. 
R. Alcoholic extract of cantharides, eight grains. Oil of roses, one drachm. Beef marrow, two ounces. Oil of lemon, forty minims. Melt the marrow, add the extract and stir in the essential oils. 
To promote the growth of the hair. M. Cap. 


166 
CANTHARIS. 
Plaster with Cantharides. 
R. Purified Burgundy pitch,") each, " elemi, > sixty Oil of Spanish flies, ) parts. Yellow wax, 
Spanish flies, Sulphuric ether, each, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Powdered camphor, twenty parts. 
Put the cantharides in a bottle, add the ether, cork, and let rest for eight days. Melt by a gentle heat the pitch, wax, elemi, and oil, add the Spanish flies, and keep in fusion for two hours, stirring occasionally j finally, mix the camphor. Houdbine. 
Compound Cantharides Plaster. R. Venice turpentine, four ounces and a half. 
Burgundy pitch, Cantharides, each, three ounces. White mustard seed, Black pepper, each, two drachms. Bees-wax, one ounce. 
Verdigris, half an ounce. 
Melt wax and Burgundy pitch, add turpentine, and while hot. add other ingredients in fine powder. Stir till cold. Ed. Ph., 1841. 
A powerful and speedy vesicant. 
Camphorated Cantharides Plaster- R. Plaster of melilot, two ounces. Melt and add 
Powdered cantharides, six drachms. Camphor, half a drachm. 
As a vesicant. Spielmann. 
Issue Ointment 
R. Powdered Spanish flies, 
half an ounce, two fl. ounces. 
Rose water, Boil, and add 
Tartar emetic, fifteen grains. Evaporate to one-half, strain, and add 
Olive oil, three ounces. White wax, one ounce and a half. Spermaceti, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Boil till all moisture is evaporated. Used as a stimulating application to issues. Physick. 
Cantharides . Pomatum. 
R. Powdered Spanish flies, one drachm. Alcohol, one ounce. 
Macerate, and filter. Ten parts of this tincture are to be well incorporated with ninety parts of lard. Said to be very effectual in preventing the hair from falling off. Dupuytren. 
Odontalgic Plaster with Cantharides. 
R. Pitch, Resin, each, one ounce. 
Melt together, and add Storax, Cantharides, each, two ounce?. 
As an irritant plaster to the cheek in cases of toothache. Van Mons. 
Stimulating Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides, 
one fl. drachm. 
Soap liniment, six fl. drachms. Mix. In indolent chilblains. Wardrop. 
Aromatic Cantharides Liniment. R. Tincture of cantharides,") Oil of thyme, V equal parts. Solution of ammonia, ) Mix. A powerful rubefacient. Avgustin. 
Blistering Court Plaster. 
R. Cantharides, one drachm and a half. 
Acetic ether, two ounces. Infuse for eight days, decant, and add 
Resin, two drachms. Spread on court plaster. As a mild vesicant. Cadet. 
Ether Cantharidalis. 
R. Powdered cantharides, one part. Sulphuric ether, two parts. 
Digest for three days, and express. The product is a green oil containing cantharidin, resin, and coloring matters. If the undiluted oil be brushed a few times over a part, it causes vesication. Oettinger. 
Taffeta Cantharidalis. R. Ether cantharidalis, Sulphuric ether, each, one ounce. Purified turpentine, Colophony, each, two drachms. Mix. A piece of taffeta is stretched on a frame, and twice painted over with a brush dipped in the solution; the process is repeated the next day, and again the third day, always passing the brrlsh in the same direction. After a few days the taffeta is covered with a solution of isinglass. Oettinger. 
COLLODIUM CANTHARIDALE. R. Ether cantharidalis, 
Collodion, equal parts. 
Mix. This mixture is to be applied twice on the part to be blistered. Oettinger 


• 
CAPSICUM 
167 
Blistering Cloth. 
R. Aqueous extract of cantharides, four parts. Gelatin in solution, one part. Mix and brush over a piece of waxed cloth spread in a frame. When the first layer dries, add a second and a third, always passing the brusii in the same direction. 
Paris Pharm. Society. 
Shampoo Liquid. 
R. Rum, three quarts. Alcohol, one pint. .Water, one pint. Tincture of cantharides, half an ounce. 
Carbonate of ammonia, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassa, one ounce. 
Dissolve the carbenates in the water, and add the solution to the other ingredients mixed together, and shake up well. To remove dandruff from the hair, by moistening it with the mixture, rubbing, so as to form a lather, and then washing with cold water. Morfit. 
CAPSICUM. 
Cayenne Pepper 
Several species of capsicum are used under the above officinal name, as C. baccatum, C. frutescens, Sfc, but that usually recognized is C.annuum, a native of Asia, but now generally cultivated in Europe and America. 
. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanaccae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 270. Griffith, Med. Bot. 497. 
Capsicum has a pungent smell, and a hot, bitterish, acrid taste. It is an active stimulant, and rubefacient. Dose, five to ten grains in powder or pill. 
Cayenne Pepper Pills. R. Powdered cayenne pepper, 
one drachm. 
Crumb of bread, Distilled water, each, sufficient. 
Rub into mass, and form twelve pills. One, three or four times a-day. In debility of the stomach, especially from intemperance. Ellis. 
R. Powdered cayenne pepper, one scruple. Extract of gentian, one drachm. Powdered gentian, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into sixty pills. In chronic dyspepsia. Radius. 
Cayenne Pepper Lozenges. 
Cayenne pepper, three drachms. Ginger, Horseradish, each, two drachms. 
Sugar, one ounce. 
Conserve of roses, one drachm. Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One to be chewed occasionally in catarrhal deafness. Fo8broke. 
Cayenne Pepper Syrup. R. Simple syrup, . tw< 
two pints. 
Tincture of cayenne pepper, 
one fl. ounce. 
Pour the tincture on the heated syrup, and evaporate it from the surface of the latter, until the vapor ceases to ignite on the approach of flame. Then mix immediately. A. Smith. 
Infusion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain. Dose, half a 
fl. ounce. U. S. Ph. 
Cayenne Pepper Gargle. R. Tincture of cayenne 
pepper, half fl. ounce. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. 
R. Powdered cayenne pepper, two tablespoonfuls. Common salt, a teaspoonful. Boiling vinegar, " water, each, half a pint. Infuse for an hour, and strain. In bad cases of scarlatina. Stephens. 
R. Powdered cayenne pepper, half an ounce. Magnesia, one drachm. Boiling water, " vinegar, each, eight ounces. Infuse, and strain. Used in same cases, and in 
same manner as above. Headley. 
Tincture of Cayenne Pepper. R. Cayenne pepper, one que 
one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
As a stimulant in low states of fever with gastric insensibility. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Also used in a diluted state as gargle. 
Concentrated Tincture of Cayenne 
Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper, four ounces. Rectified spirit, twelve fl. ounces. 
Macerate for seven days and strain. Used as an embrocation for toothache and chilblains. 
A. TurnbuU. 


CARBO ANIMAL IS—C ARBO^LIGNI. 
168 
Tincture op Cayenne Pepper and Cantharides. 
R. Cayenne pepper, one drachm. Cantharides, ten drachms. Alcohol, one pint. 
Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten drops. Coxe. 
Vinegar op Cayenne Pepper. 
R. Cayenne pepper, one part. Vinegar, . six parts. 
Digest for some days, and filter. In doses of naif a drachm to a drachm, in passive dropsies. Beral. 
Extract op Cayenne Pepper. R. Powdered cayenne 
pepper, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for six days, then place in a percolator, pour on diluted alcohol until four pints of tincture are obtained, and evaporate in a waterbath to the consistence of an extract. About two ounces of extract are obtained, Dose, one or two grains made into pills. W. C. Bakes. 
Cerate of Cayenne Pepper. R. Extract of cayenne 
pepper, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Rub together. This acts as a rubefacient in twenty or thirty minutes. W. C. Bakes. 
Cayenne Pepper Cataplasm. 
R. Powdered cayenne pepper, one ounce. Ground mustard, Common soap, each, three ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Mix. An active rubefacient. Ammon. 
Lotion of Cayenne Pepper. R. Tincture of cayenne pepper, " camphor, each, four fl. ounces. 
Solution of ammonia, two fl. ounces. Mix. A very powerful rubefacient. Ammon. 
CARBO ANIMALIS. 
Animal Charcoal. 
This article is prepared by charring animal substances, usually bones." It requires purification for internal use. 
Purified Animal Charcoal. 
R. Animal charcoal, one pound. Muriatic acid, Water, each, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix the acid and water, and pour on charcoal; digest for two days, occasionally stirring. Decant, and wash the charcoal several times with water and dry it. U. S. Fh. 
R. Lean of beef or mutton, two parts. Broken bones, one part. 
Char by a moderate fire in a coffee-roaster, let cool and pulverize. Weise. 
Has been given with advantage in scrofulous diseases, chronic glandular swellings, &c, in doses of ten to twenty grains. 
Powder of Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. To be taken morning and evening, in scrofula. Weise. 
R. Animal charcoal, six grains. Burnt sponge, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice root, half a drachm. Mix, and form six powders, one to be taken morning and night, in schirrhous goitre. Riecke. 
R. Animal charcoal, four grains. Powdered liquorice root, four scruples. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders, one to be taken morning and evening, dry; a little water drank afterwards. After the eight powders are taken, increase the dose, by half a grain at a time, to four grains. In schirrhous tumors of the breasts. A spare diet to be observed. Weise. 
R. Animal charcoal, one scruple. Subcarbonate of iron, Sugar, each, two scruples. 
Mix, and divide into ten powders. One three or four times a-day in incipient hypertrophy of the womb or ovaries. Clarus. 
Ointment of Animal Charcoal. R. Animal charcoal, one part. Lard, two parts. Rub together. Giordano. 
R. Animal charcoal, half an ounce Ointment of mallows, six drachms 
Mix. As a friction to glandular engorgements Radius 
CARBO LIGNI. 
Charcoal 
Is employed in medicine as an antiseptic and absorbent, and has been found useful in dyspepsia, &c. It also enters into the composition of poultices, &c. 


CARBO MINERALIS. 
169 
! 
Charcoal Dentifrice Powder. R. Powdered charcoal, four parts. " Peruvian bark, two parts. " myrrh, one part. Mix. PA. Slesv. 
R. Powdered charcoal, three drachms. " Peruvian bark, two drachms. 
" calamus, one drachm. u myrrh, half a drachm. Oil of cloves, three drops. 
Mix. Sartori. 
R. Powdered charcoal, " red saunders, , , ' each, one " orange peel, V " Peruvian bark, " cremor tartar, J Oil of bergamot, twenty drops. Mix. Schubarih. 
Powder of Charcoal and Quassia. R. Powdered charcoal, six drachms. 
" quassia, Magnesia, each, one drachm. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in pyrosis. Heim. 
Charcoal Lozenges. R. Powdered charcoal, " sugar, each, one ounce. " vanilla, one drachm. 
" chocolate, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form lozenges of eighteen grains. For fetid breath. k Chevallier. 
Charcoal Electuary. R Powdered charcoal, Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm. Electuary of senna, two ounces. Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a-day in obstinate constipation. Radius. 
R. Powdered charcoal, ~\ , Qne " orris root, V g ' , e " Peruvian bark,) r Tincture of myrrh, half a drachm. Clarified honey, sufficient. 
Mix. Used as a dentifrice. L. W. Sachs. 
Ointment of Charcoal. 
R. Powdered charcoal, Storax ointment, each, one ounce. Camphor, Myrrh, each, two drachms. Spirit of turpentine sufficient. 
Rub well together. As a dressing to fetid ulcers. ? Rust. 
Charcoal Cataplasm. 
R. Freshly prepared charcoal, sufficient. Mix with 
Simple cataplasm in a tepid state. Dub. Ph. 
As an application to foul and gangrenous ulcers. 
R. Powdered charcoal, half an ounce. Cataplasm of chamomile, five pounds. Mix. As above. Brera. 
Charcoal Suppository, R. Cork charcoal, 
Wax, each, one part. Fresh butter, two parts. Mix. As a suppository in hemorrhoids. Cadet. 
CARBO MINERALIS. 
Mineral Coal Anthracokali. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, six ounces. Lime, three and a half ounces. Water, four pints. 
Proceed as in making liquor potassa, and concentrate the clear solution, by boiling in an iron pot, till an oilj'-looking liquid remains, then stir in five ounces of finely-powdered mineral coal; remove from the fire, and continue stirring till the whole is reduced to an uniform powder, which is to be immediately put in small, well-stopped bottles. Polya. 
Much recommended in cutaneous diseases, scrofula, chronic rheumatism, &c. Dose, two grains, twice or thrice a-day. 
Powder of Anthracokali. R. Anthracokali, two gi 
Anthracokali, two grains. Powdered liquorfce, five grains. 
Mix. Two to four times a-day. Polya. 
Compound Powder of R. Anthracokali, two grains. Washed sulphur, three to five grains. Powdered liquorice, two to threu 
grains. Mix. In psora, &c. Polya, 
R. Anthracokali, two grains Calomel, one-sixth of a grain. Powdered liquorice, three grains 
Mix. In syphilitic eruptions. Polya, 


» 
170 
CARBONIS IODIDUM—CARDAMOMDM. 
R. Anthracokali, Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, half a grain. Powdered liquorice, three grains. Mix. Polya. 
Sulphuretted Anthracokali. 
R. Prepared like the simple anthracokali, adding four drachms of sulphur to the coal, and dissolving, &c, as above. 
The dose and uses are the same. Polya. 
CARBONIS IODIDUM. 
Iodide op Carbon. R. Tincture of iodine, two fl. ounces. 
Solution of potassa, sufficient. Add the solution of potassa to the tincture, till the latter loses its color, then add 
Distilled water, sufficient to precipitate the iodide, separate and dry by a gentle heat. 
Ointment of Iodide of Carbon. R. Iodide of carbon, half a drachm. Simple ointment, six drachms. Rub together. As an application to enlarged glands, and obstinate cutaneous affections. Litchfield. 
CARDAMINE. 
Cuckoo Flower. 
This is the Cardamine Pratensis, a small herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and also found in the more northern parts of America. Sex. Syst. Tetrad, siliquos. Nat. Syst. Brassicacece. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 915. Baker, Med. Trans. 1. 442. 
The part employed is the flowers, which are said to be diuretic and antispasmodic. It is not used in this country, and appears to be little deserving of notice. 
CARDAMOMUM. 
Cardamom. 
Under the name of Cardamom a variety of aromatic capsules have been used in medicine, all possessing the same properties and somewhat the same appearance. That recognized by the U. S. Pharrr. is the product of the Elettaria Cardamomum, a native of Malabar. 
Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zingiberaceae. 
Maton, Trarts. Linn. Soc. x. 254. Griffith, 
Med. Bot. 633. 
The part used is the seeds; these are angular, somewhat rough, of a reddish or brownish colour, with an agreeable fragrant odour, and a warm, aromatic taste. They are seldom used alone, being chiefly employed in compound preparations. 
Aromatic Powder. 
R. Ginger, Cinnamon, each, two ounces. Cardamom seeds, Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce. 
Mix, and rub together into fine powder. U. S. Ph. 
Stimulant and carminative. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in dyspepsia with flatulence. 
Aromatic Confection. 
R. Aromatic powder, five ounces and a half. 
Powdered saffron, half an ounce. Syrup of orange peel, six ounces. Clarified honey, two ounces. 
Rub together, and beat into a mass. U. S. Ph 
Used as a stimulant to the stomach, in doses of ten to sixty grains. 
Tincture op Cardamom. 
R. Cardamom, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
A pleasant aromatic stimulant. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture op Cardamom. 
R. Powdered cardamom, six drachms. " caraway, two drachms. Bruised cochineal, one drachm. " cinnamon, five drachms. Raisins, five ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints and a half. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Lond. Ph. 
An agreeable aromatic and carminative, in the dose of one or two fl. drachms. 
Ethereal Extract of Cardamom. R. Cardamom in powder, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. 
Treat, till twice the weight of the seed is obtained. "Evaporate spontaneously until deprived of ether. This extract is fluid, and consists of volatile and fixed oil. It may be used for aromatizing powders, or as an addition to 
pills. 
W. Procter 


171 
CAROTA— CARUM. 
CAROTA 
Carrot. 
The seeds and root of the common carrot, Daucus carota, a native of Europe, but now extensively naturalized in the United States, and generally cultivated as an esculent in both countries. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 318. Griffith, Med. Bot. 337. The parts used are the seeds and root; the former arc aromatic, and have a pungent, bitterish taste ; the root of the wild carrot has a strong smell, and an acrid, disagreeable taste; both these are* similar in their remedial effects, being aromatic and diuretic. The root of the cultivated variety is milder, and is not used internally, but has much reputation as an external application to foul ulcers, &c. 
Infusion of Carrot Seeds. 
R. Carrot seed, half au ounce —one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse. To be taken during the day as a diuretic, in dropsy and nephritic complaints. 
Cataplasm of Carrot Root. 
R. Root of garden carrot, at will. 
Scrape down to a pulp. As an application to foul and cancerous ulcers. Wood. 
R. Root of garden carrot, at will. Boil till soft, and mash. Dub. Ph. 
. This acts merely as an emollient, and is not possessed of any virtues beyond those of the common poultice. 
Extract of Carrot Root. 
R. Clarified juice of carrot root, at will. Evaporate on a water-bath to the consistence of honey. Swediaur. 
As an application to ulcerated cancers. 
Carrot Ointment. 
R. Carrot root, grated, one pound. Lard, twenty ounces. Yellow wax, two ounces. 
Heat them together till the water of vegetation is driven off, and the fat has acquired a yellow color; then strain for use. W. Procter. 
CARTHAMUS 
Safflower. 
This is the florets of Carthamus linctorius, a native of the Levant and Egypt, but cultivated in other parts of Europe and in the United 
States. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. requal. Nat. Syst. Astera- 
CCB3. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1162. Griffith, Med. Bot. 410. The seeds were formerly much used in medicine, but are at present seldom resorted to. The florets are somewhat stimulant, and, in warm infusion, diaphoretic, and are used as a substitute for saffron. 
Infusion of Safflower. 
R. Safflower, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint 
Infuse, and strain. 
Used in domestic practice in the exanthemata, to bring out the eruption. 
CARUM. 
Caraway. m 
Caraway seeds are the product of Carum carui, an umbelliferous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated both there and in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 378. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. The seeds, the only part used, are of a brownish color, with a fragrant but peculiar odor, and an aromatic, warm taste. They are a pleasant aromatic and carminative. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to a drachm. 
Caraway Water. 
R. Caraway seeds, bruised, one pound and a half. Water, two gallons. Mix. Distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. 
Infusion of Caraway. 
R. Caraway seeds, Boiling water, 
two drachms 
one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. 
Wood 
In flatulent colic of infants 
Spirit of Caraway. 
R. Bruised caraway, twenty-two ounces. Proof spirit, one gallon. Water, two pints. 
Mix, and distil one gallon. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
R. Oil of Caraway, two fl. drachms. • Proof spirit, one gallon. 
Dissolve. Lond. Ph., 1851 
As a carminative. In doses of one to two 
fl. drachms. 


172 
CARYOPHYLLTJS 
Oil of Caraway. 
R Caraway seeds, at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Macerate for some time, distil, and separate the oil. Van Mons. 
Van Mons. 
Essence of Caraway. 
R. Oil of caraway, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix with agitation. Dub. Ph. Dose, about twenty drops. 
Embrocation of Caraway. R. Oil of caraway, 
" peppermint, each, one scruple. " olives, one ounce. 
Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As an embrocation on the abdomen of mliints in colic. Radius. 
CARYOPHYLLUS 
Cloves. 
Cloves arc the uncxpandcd flowers of Caryophyllus aromaticus, a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands, and also cultivated in many other parts of the East Indies. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrtaceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 735. Griffith, Med. Bot. 298. Cloves are somewhat nail-shaped, of a brown color, with a strong fragrant smell, and a permanent, pungent, aromatic taste. They are highly stimulating, and are given as a carminative, and excitant of the gastric functions, in the dose of five to ten grains, but are more used as an adjunct to various officinal compounds. 
Infusion of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, 
two drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. 
Clove Water. 
R. Bruised cloves, one part. Water, eight parts. Digest for twelve hours, and distil twelye parts. As a stimulant and carminative. Cottereau. 
Spirit of Cloves 
R. Bruised cloves, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Macerate for some davs, and distil eight parts. Guibourt. 
Tincture of Cloves. R. Bruised cloves, < 
Bruised cloves, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. 
Treat with one-half the alcohol at a time, and filter. Baal. 
Baal. 
Wine of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, " mace, each, one drachm. Red wine, one pint. Boil, and strain. As a fomentation. Saunders. 
Oil of Cloves. 
R. Bruised cloves, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Macerate for some time, distil, return the product, and redistil several times, separate the oil, which sinks to the bottom. Van Mons. 
Dose, two to six drops. 
Aromatic Balsam of Cloves. R. Oil of cloves, 
" nutmeg, each, one scruple. Spirit of juniper berries, two ounces. 
Mix. As a stimulating friction.. Bories. 
Odontalgic Mixture. 
R. Oil of cloves, twelve drops. Tincture of pimpinella, Sulphuric ether, each, two drachms. Aromatic tincture, one drachm. 
Mix. To be applied to the carious tooth. Augustin. 
Clove Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax, twenty-two parts. Suet, twenty-four parts. 
Melt, and add 
Powdered olibanum, sixteen parts. " cloves, eight parts. Oil of nutmeg, six parts. " peppermint, one part. 
Mix. Van Mons. 
As an application to the stomach, or over a pained part. 
Clove Cataplasm. 
R. Rye flour, six or eight spoonfuls. Red wine, sufficient 
to make a cataplasm; add Powdered cloves, Grated nutmeg, each, a teaspoonful 
Mix well. As an application to the stomach, to check nausea or pain. Radius 


173 
CASCARILLA —CASSIA FISTULA. 
Clove Bag. 
R. Powdered clove,s, two drachms. " marjoram, half an ounce. " rosemary, one ounce. 
Mix, and quilt between folds of linen, dip in Cologne water, and apply to the pit .of the stomach, to check nausea. Phoebus. 
CASCARILLA. 
Cascarilla. 
This is the bark of Croton eleutheria, a shrub found in several of the West India islands, and also, perhaps, derived from other species. Sex. Sysl. Monoec. monadclph. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacese. Swartz. H. Ind. Oc. 11.1183. Griffith, Med. Bot. 596. 
In rolled fragments, whitish externally, and of a chocolate color within, of an aromatic odor, and a spicy, bitter taste. It is an aromatic tonic, and is useful in debilitated conditions of the stomach and bowels. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to half a drachm. 
Compound Cascarilla Powder. 
R. Powdered cascarilla, ten grains. " opium, " ipecacuanha, each, one grain. Mix. To be taken every five hoursi n obstinate diarrhoea. Radius. 
R. Powdered cascarilla, one drachm. " hartshorn, " cuttlefish bone, each, four drachms. 
" amber, two drachms. 
Mix. One drachm to be taken in a glass of sugar and water, at bedtime, against nocturnal pollutions. Pierquin. 
Infusion of Cascarilla. 
R. Bruised cascarilla, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces. 
Alkaline Infusion of Cascarilla. 
R. Bruised cascarilla, three ounces. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for two hours, and filter. Dose, a spoonful, two or three times a-day, as an antacid 
and tonic. 
Palat. Ph. 
Extract op Cascarilla. 
R. Bruised cascarilla, one part. Alcohol, five parts. 
Treat the cascarilla several times with the alcohol, distil, and evaporate the residue. Dose, from ten grains to a drachm. Guibourt. 
Mixture of Extract of Cascarilla. R. Extract of cascarilla, one drachm. "White sugar, six drachms. Oil of chamomile, twenty drops. Tragacanth, half a drachm. Wine of opium, twenty-five drops. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A spoonful every hour in dysentery. Augustin. 
Tincture of Cascarilla. 
R. Powdered cascarilla, five ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Lond. Ph. Dose, a fluidrachm. 
Compound Wine of Cascarilla. R. Powdered cascarilla, 
one ounce and a half. 
Contused orange peel, one ounce. " cinnamon, two drachms. White wine, twenty-seven fl. ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As a stomachic and tonic, in doses of two ounces, four times a-day. Phoebus. 
CASSIA FISTULA. 
Purging Cassia. 
This is the fruit or pod of the Cassia Jislula, a large tree, a native of Egypt, and many parts of Asia, and cultivated in most tropical regions. Sex. Syst. Dccand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 253. 
The pods are a foot or more in length, cylindrical, of a dark brown color, with two longitudinal furrows on one side, and one on the other. They arc internally divided into numerous cells, each containing one seed enveloped in a soft pulp. This latter, which is the part used, has a faint nauseous smell, and a sweet, mucilaginous taste. It is laxative, in doses of one or two drachms, and purgative in those of one or two ounces. 
Pulp of Purging Cassia. 
R. Purging cassia, bruised, sufficient. Pour boiling water on it to soften the pulp, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Pharm 
Dose, one drachm. 


174 
CASSIA M ARIL AN DI.C A—CASTOREUM. 
Confection of Cassia. 
R. Cassia pulp, half a pound. Manna, two ounces. Tamarind pulp, one ounce. 
Syrup of roses, eight fl. ounces. Mix well, and evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Fh. 1836. 
Slightly laxative. 
Mixture of Cassia Pulp. 
R. Pulp of cassia, one ounce. 
Infusion of rhubarb, a drachm and a half. 
Syrup of roses, Manna, each, one ounce. 
Mir well. A mild laxative. Pierquin. 
CASSIA MARILANDICA. 
American Senna. 
This species is an indigenous perennial plant, with showy, bright yellow flowers, growing in moist places and on the banks of streams. Sex. Syat. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 541. Griffith, Med. Bot. 260. The leaves, which are the officinal portion, are usually exposed for sale in small packages, like the other herbs put up by the Shakers. They have a faint, unpleasant odor, and a nauseous taste like senna, of which they possess all the qualities, but are not quite as active. 
Infusion of American Senna. 
R. American senna, one ounce and a half. Coriander seed, bruised, one drachm. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate in a covered vessel one hour, and strain. Martin. 
Dose, a wineglassful. 
CASTOREUM. 
Castor. 
Castor is a peculiar substance obtained from membranous follicles in the common beaver or Castor Jiber, situated between the organs of generation and the anus. It is in the form of nolid, unctuous masses, contained in small, wrinkled, brownish sacs. It has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, acrid taste. It is stimulant and antispasmodic, and has been much praised in the neuroses. In this country n is not much used. Dose, from ten to twenty 
grains. 
Compound Powder op Castor. 
R. Castor, twelve grains. Powdered cascarilla, one scruple. Magnesia, one scruple and a half. 
Mix, and divide into three powders. Sounder* R. Castor, ~\ Powdered valerian, >• ' o ' I ten grains. Sugar, J fo Mix, and divide into three dosee Fhmbus. 
As antispasmodics. 
Bolus of Castor. 
R. Assafetida, Valerian, , , ,„ Castor, f each > half an ounce ' Amber, J Camphor, one scruple. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and form boluses of ten grains each. Said to be efficacious in hysteria, neuralgia, and vertigo. Foy. 
Castor Pills. 
R. Assafetida, one drachm. 
Galbanum, Myrrh, each, half a drachm. 
Castor, fifteen grains. Tincture of valerian, sufficient. 
Beat together, and divide into seventy-two pills. Dose, three to eight, three times a-day, in hysteria. Fhwbus. 
Pills op Castor and Succinic Acid. 
R. Castor, one drachm. 
Succinic acid, half a drachm. 
Extract of gentian, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form twenty-four pills. Three, morning and night, in hysteria. Ellis. 
Tincture op Castor. 
R. Bruised castor, two ounces. 
Alcohol, two pints. 
Digest for seven days, express, and filter. 
u. s. Ph. 
Dose, from thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 
Ethereal Tincture of Castor. 
R. Bruised castor, two ounces. " saffron, one ounce. 
Spirit of sulphuric ether, twelve ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and filter. As an antispasmodic. In doses of thirty drops. 
Spielmann. 


175 
CAT ALP A — CATECHU. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Castor. 
R. Bruised castor, two ounces and a half. 
Contused assafetida, ten drachms. Spirit of ammonia, two pints. 
Digest for seven days, in a closed vessel, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. 
A powerful stimulant, and antispasmodic, in cases of spasm of the stomach, hysteria, &c. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture of Castor. 
R. Assafetida, two drachms. 
Opium, half a drachm. 
Oil of amber, 'one drachm. Castor, half an ounce. 
Alcohol, four ounces. 
Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, thirty to forty drops in wine, in hysteria. Ferrara. Ph. 
Compound Plaster of Castor. R. Wax plaster, sixteen ounces. Soap, four ounces. Melt together, and add, on cooling, 
Camphor, one ounce. 
' Castor, half an ounce. Incorporate well. Highly praised in headache, rheumatism, &c. Giordano. 
Compound Spirit of Castor. 
R. Castor, half an ounce. Assafetida, two drachms. Oil of amber, one drachm. " savine, " rue, each, half a drachm. Alcohol, ten ounces. Digest, distil, and add 
Empyreumat. carb. of ammonia, two ounces. Camphor, one drachm. 
Distil again. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Cottereau. 
CATALPA. 
Catalpa. 
The Catalpa cordifolia is a beautiful native tree, principally found in the southern and south-western States. , Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Bignoniacea?. 
Elliot, Bot. i. 24. Lindley, Flor. Med. 499. 
The bark is said to be vermifuge, but the part used in medicine is principally the pods. These have been found efficacious in asthma. 
Decoction of Catalpa Pods. 
R. Catalpa pods, half an ounce. Water, sufficient 
to obtain eight ounces of decoction; add Oxymel of squills, half an ounce. 
R. Catalpa pods, half an ounce Seneka, two drachms. Water, sufficient 
to obtain eight ounces of decoction ; add 
Oxymel of squills, 
one ounce. 
In spoonful doses, in chronic, nervous asthma. 
Brera. 
R. Catalpa pods, three or four. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Boil down to six ounces, to be given in two doses, morning and night. Antomachi. 
CAT ARIA. 
Catnep. 
This is the leaves, or whole herb of Nepeta Cataria, a perennial herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in the United States. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceoa. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 797. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. It has a peculiar, somewhat unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, aromatic taste. It is stimulant, carminative, &c, and is used in the flatulent colic of infants, and as an emmenagogue, &c. 
Infusion of Catnep. 
R. Catnep, two drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse in a covered vessel. Dose, a teaspoonful occasionally, whilst hot, for an infant in flatulent colic; to be taken freely, as a diaphoretic, or emmenagogue. 
CATECHU. 
Catechu. 
Catechu is an extract procured from the wood of Acacia catechu, and also from other trees. The Acacia catechu is a native of the East Indies, and is now cultivated in some of the West India islands. 
Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Fabaceie. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 409. • Griffith, Med. Bot. 268. Catechu comes in masses of various forms, of a rusty-brown color externally, but paler within. It is inodorous, but has a bitter and astringent taste, followed by a sensation of sweetness. It principally consists of tannin and extractive. It is tonic and astringent, and is used in cases where astringents are required The dose is from ten grains to half a drachm, repeated as required. 


176 
CATECHU. 
Compound Powder op Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, fifteen grains. '* salts, two grains. Mix, and make powder; to be taken after each liquid stool, in diarrhoea from a weakened condition of the bowels. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Catechu, Kino, each, two ounces. Cinnamon, Nutmeg, each, half an ounce. 
Pulverize, mix, and pass through a fine sieve. An aromatic astringent. Dose, fifteen to twenty grains. Dub. Ph. R. Powdered catechu, *l " cascarilla, I , " gum Arabic, [equal parts. Aromatic powder, J Mix. Dose, a scruple every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Augustin. 
Bolus of Catechu. 
R. Powdered catechu, twenty-four grains. Extract of opium, two grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and form two boluses, one to be taken morning and evening, in chronic diarrhoea. Foy. 
Pills of Alum and Catechu. 
R. Alum, six grains. Extract of opium, Catechu, each, one grain. 
Mix, and divide into six pills, one to be given every two to four hours. In passive hemorrhage and atonic mucous discharges. Ellis. 
Compound Catechu Bolus. 
R. Powdered catechu, one scruple. Confection of opium, twelve grains. Aromatic confection, sufficient. 
Make a bolus, to be taken twice a-day, in inordinate flow of the menses. Babington. 
R. Powdered catechu, twelve parts. " alum, six parts. u opium, two parts. Syrup of red rqses, sufficient. Form a mass, and divide into pills of six grains each. One or two a-day, in the decline of gonorrhea. Foy. 
Pills of Catechu and Liquorice. R. Catechu, half a drachm. Gum Arabic, Extract of liquorice, each, 
two drachms. 
Mastich, one drachm. 
Syrup of mallows, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into pills of three grains each. Four, three times a-day, in chronic catarrh. Van Mons. 
Lozenges of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, one ounce. 
Sugar, half an ounce. Cloves, one scruple. Essence of citron, half a scruple. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. One, occasionally, to arrest fetor of breath. Brunswick Ph. 
Electuary of Catechu. 
R". Catechu, Kino, each, four ounces. Cinnamon, Nutmeg, each, one ounce. 
Opium, diffused in a little sherry wine, one drachm and a half. Syrup of red roses, reduced to the consistence of honey, one pint and a half. 
Pulverize the solids, mix the opium and syrup, add the powders, and beat into a mass. Ed. Ph. 
In diarrhoea and chronic dysentery, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. 
R. Catechu, Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm. Peruvian bark, one ounce. 
Syrup of red roses, sufficient. Beat together. One drachm morning and evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Brera. 
Infusion of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, one drachm. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Digest for six hours, and strain. Guibourt. 
Compound Infusion of Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, half an ounce. Bruised cinnamon, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to three fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
Tincture of Catechu. 
R. Catechu, three ounces. 
Cinnamon, bruised, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. 
V. S. Ph. 


CEANOTHUS—CENTAUREABENEDICTA. 
177 
A pleasant astringent. Dose, thirty drops to three fl. drachms. 
Catechu Collutory. 
R. Catechu, Myrrh, each, eight parts. Balsam of Peru, one part. Spirit of cochlearia, Alcohol, each, twenty-four parts. 
Mix, and digest for four days, and filter. As a mouth-wash, in a spongy condition of the gums. Saunders. 
Mixture of Catechu and Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, every three or four hours, in chronic stages of diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 
Anti-Emetic Mixture. 
R. Catechu, one drachm. 
Columbo, thirty grains. Canella, twenty grains. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix, and digest for eight hours, strain, and add Syrup of red roses, one fl. ounce. 
In spoonful doses." Pierquin. 
Injection of Catechu. 
ft. Catechu, Myrrh, each, one drachm. 
Dissolve in 
Lime water, four fl. ounces, and strain. As an injection, in chronic leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. 
Aromatic Pastilles of Catechu. 
(Cachou Aroma tise.) R. Extract of liquorice, Water, each, three ounces and a half. Dissolve on a water-bath, and add 
Powdered catechu, four hundred and 
sixty-two grains. u gum Arabic, two hundred and thirty-one grains. Evaporate to the consistence of an extract, and incorporate 
Powdered mastich, " cascarilla, I each, " charcoal, | thirty grains. " orris root, J Reduce to proper consistence, remove from fire, and add 
Oil of peppermint, thirty drops. 
12 
Tincture of ambergris, " musk, each, ten drops. 
Mix, and form into one grain pills. Used to aromatize the breath. Gray 
CEANOTHUS. 
New Jersey Tea. 
Several species of Ceanothus have medical properties, but the only one in use in this country, is the C. Americanus, a suffruticose plant, found in most parts of the United States. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Rhamnaceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 284. Griffith, Med. Bot. 218. The leaves and root are bitter and astringent, but the root is the most active. They have been used in a variety of cases, to which astringents are applicable. 
Decoction of New Jersey Tea. R. New Jersey tea root, two drachms. Water, one pint. 
Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Said by Ferrein to be efficacious in gonorrhoea and syphilis ; and by Dr. Hubbard, in dysentery and also as a gargle in aphthous sore mouth, and in ulcerations of the fauces. 
CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. 
Blessed Thistle. 
An annual plant, native ,of the south of Europe, and become naturalized in some parts of the United States. 
Sex. Syst, Syngcn. frust. Nat. Syst. Asteraceaa. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1296. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Cnicus,) 40!). The whole herb is used ; it has a faint nauseous odor, and a very bitter taste. It is used as a tonic, diaphoretic, or emetic. Dose of powder, as tonic, a scruple to a drachm. 
Infusion of Blessed Thistle. 
R. Blessed thistle, three drachms. 
Boiling water, 
one quart. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As a diaphoretic. Par. Cod. 
Par. Cod. 
R. Blessed thistle, half an ounce. 
Cold water, one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. As a tonic, in the dose of two fl. ounces. Wood. 
Wood. 
Wine of Blessed Thistle. 
R. Blessed thistle, one ounce and a half. 
Columbo, 
three drachms. 
Cinnamon, two drachms. 
Wine, two pints 


178 
CENTAUR IUM —CERA. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, one to four spoonfuls in the morning, as a stomachic. Wirtemburg Ph. 
CENTAURIUM. 
Centaury. 
The herbs or flowering heads of Erylhrasa centaurium, a small annual plant, indigenous to many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gcntianacese. 
Linn. (Chironia,) Sp. PI. 332. Griffith, Med. Bot. 459. 
This plant is very bitter, and is analogous in its properties to gentian. In this country, its use has been superseded by the American centaury or sabbatia. Dose of the powder, from thirty grains to a drachm. 
Portland Powder. 
R. Centaury, Germander, Gentian, Round aristolochia, Ground pine, equal parts. 
Powder, and mix. Once highly celebrated in the cure of gout. Dose one drachm. 
Extract of Centaury. 
R. Centaury, one part. Hot water, eight parts. 
Macerate in one-half the water, express, and strain; repeat the process with the remainder of the water, unite the liquids, and evaporate. Guibourt. 
Pills of Extract of Centaury. 
R. Extract of centaury, one drachm. Myrrh, two drachms. Balsam of Peru, one scruple. 
Mix, and form into pills of three grains. Four, three times a-day, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. 
Compound Wine of Centaury. 
R. Centaury, ~) Apocynum, > each, one ounce. Madder, ) 
White wine, Water, each, a pint and a half. 
down to two-thirds, and add to the strained liquid 
Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. A cupful, .ni/.ning and evening, in jaundice. Beral. 
Mixture of Extract of Centaury. R. Extract of centaury, one drachm. Bitter almonds, two drachms. Chamomile water, two ounces. Rub well together, and strain. As a febrifuge. Foy. 
CERA. 
Wax. 
Cera Flava, or yellow wax, is a concrete substance, deposited by the honey bee, Apis mellifica. 
Cera Alba, or white wax, is prepared from the yellow, by melting it, pouring into thin layers, wetting and turning frequently, and exposing to the air and light on frames. Many plants yield a concrete principle called vegetable wax, which corresponds in many particulars with that of the bee. 
Wax is much employed in pharmacy in the formation of cerates and plasters. It has also been used as a medicine, in the dose of a teaspoonful. 
Waxed Cloth. 
R. White wax, eight parts. Olive oil, four parts. Turpentine, one part. 
Melt together, and spread upon linen or muslin stretched in a frame. Used for making blistering cloth, and vesicating taffetas. 
Wax Plaster. R. Yellow wax, Suet, each, three pounds. Resin, one pouud. Melt with a moderate heat, and stir till cold Used to promote discharges from blistered surfaces. Lond. Ph., 183G. 
Rose Lip Salve. 
R. White wax, 
one ounce. 
Oil of almonds, two ounces. Alkanet root, one drachm. 
Melt and digest till well colored, strain, anil add Otto of roses, six drops. 
Par. Codex. 
Simple Cerate. 
R. Lard, eight ounces. White wax, four ounces. 
Melt together, and stir constantly till cool. U. S. Ph. 
R. White wax, three parts. Spermaceti, one part. Olive oil, six parts. 
Heat together gently and stir till cold. Ed. Ph. 


179 
CETACEUM 
CETACEUM. 
Spermaceti. 
A peculiar concrete substance, obtained from the head of Physeter macrocephalus, or spermaceti whale. It is white, semi-transparent, friable, soft, somewhat oily to the touch, insipid, but with a faint odor. It has been used as a demulcent, and also enters into the composition of several ointments and cerates. 
Compound Powder of Spermaceti. R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Nitrate of potassa, one drachm. Orris root, Sugar, each, one ounce. Powder well, and mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in catarrh. Radius. 
Spermaceti Mixture. 
R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Sugar, threp drachms. Paregoric elixir, half fl. ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Rub spermaceti and sugar together with the yolk of an egg; add the water and paregoric gradually. A tablespoonful, several times a-day. In catarrh. Ellis. 
R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. Gruni Arabic, two drachms Syrup, half an ounce Water of bitter almonds, one drachm 
. Water, two ounces and a half. P.ub together, and strain. A dessertspoonful every two hours. In catarrh. Phoebus. 
R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Olive oil, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Triturate the spermaceti with the oil, until reduced to a paste, then add the gum, and lastly the water, gradually. W. Procter. 
R. Spermaceti, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one 
Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Paregoric elixir, six fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, four fl. drachms. White sugar, three drachms. Water, six fl. ounces 
Mix. Rub the spermaceti with the yolk of egg, then add the other ingredients separately; when well incorporated, introduce the water gradually. A tablespoonful every two or three hours to an adult. Useful in catarrh, especially of measles. Dewees. 
Spermaceti Ointment. R. Spermaceti, six di 
six drachms two drachms. 
White wax, 
Olive oil, 
three fl. ounces 
Mix over a gentle fire, and stir till cold. 
Lond. Ph. 
Mild dressing for open surfaces. 
Ointment op Spermaceti and Rose Water. 
R. Rose water, one fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. 
Melt together, by a water-bath„ the oil, spermaceti and wax; add rose water, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
A pleasant and cooling application to irritable surfaces, well known as cold cream. 
Cold Cream without Spermaceti. 
R. White wax, one ounce. 
Oil of almonds, four fl. ounces. Rose water, two fl. ounces. Borax, half a drachm. Oil of roses, five minims. 
Dissolve the wax in the oil of almonds, by a gentle heat, also dissolve the borax in the rose water, and add the solution to the heated mixture, stirring till cold, then add the oil of roses. Turnbvll. 
Spermaceti Cerate. 
R. Spermaceti, one ounce. 
White wax, three ounces. Olive oil, six fl. ounces. 
Melt wax and spermaceti together, then add the oil previously heated, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
An excellent dressing for blisters, wounds, &c. 
Spermaceti Lip Salve. R. Spermaceti, 
White wax, each, half an ounce. Melt, and add 
Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
" lavender, twenty drops. " bergamot, ten drops. " cloves, two drops. 
Rub well together. Niemann. 
R. Spermaceti, one ounce and a half. White wax, nine drachms. Oil of almonds, twelve ounces. Alkanet root, two ounces. Otto of roses, one drachm. Digest the first four ingredients in the heat of a water-bath for four hours, strain, and add tho 
Gmy. 
otto of roses. 


180 
CETRARIA 
Spermaceti Liniment. 
R. Spermaceti, White wax, each, half a drachm. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
White lead, Litharge, each, twenty grains. Gum lac, sufficient. 
Mix. As a cosmetic, but the presence of the lead requires it to be used with caution. Pierquin. 
Sultana Ointment. 
R. Spermaceti, eight parts. Butter of cacao, sixteen parts. Oil of almonds, thirty-two parts. Balsam of Peru, one part. Melt together, and add Orange-flower water, one part. Stir constantly till cold. Niemann. R. Spermaceti, White wax, each, one drachm and a half. Oil of almonds, three ounces. Melt together, and add Rose water, two ounces. Tincture of benzoin, thirty drops. Mix well. Taddei. 
CETRARIA. 
Iceland Moss. 
This is a lichen found in great abundance in the northern regions of both continents. Sex. Syst. Cryptog. lichen. Nat. Syst. Lichenacese. 
When dried it is inodorous, but has a bitter, mucilaginous taste. It is demulcent, tonic, and nutritious, and is useful in pulmonary and other complaints, in wnich the local disease is attended with a debility cf '.he digestive organs, or of the gcne-al system. Dose of the powder, thirty grains to a drachm. 
Decoctton ov Iceland Moss, 
R. Iceland moss, half an ounce. Water, one pint and a half. 
Woil down to a pintrepress, and strain. U. S. Ph 
To be taken during the twenty-four hours, ft. Iceland moss, one ounce and a half. Water, one quart. Macerate the moss in a weak solution of carbonate of pjtassa, before subjecting it to decoclion. EoiL, and strain. Van Mons. 
In thia preparation the bitter principle is extracted by the potassa, and the result is a mere mucilaginous demulcent. 
Iceland Moss Jelly. 
R. Iceland moss, two parts. 
Water, twenty parts. 
Boil down to six parts and strain, then add 
Sugar, four parts. 
Set by to cool. Augustin. 
Iceland Moss Mixture. 
R. Iceland moss, two ounces. Hartshorn shavings, one ounce. Water, one quart. 
Boil down to a pint, strain, and add Wine of opium, fifteen drops. 
In phthisis, to be taken during the day. Brera. 
R. Iceland moss, two drachms. Powdered salep, ten grains. " cinnamon, eight grains. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil to six ounces, and add 
Syrup, sufficient. Said to be useful in phthisis, leucorrhosa, and hooping-cough, in doses of lour ounces, three or four times a-day. Augustin. 
R. Decoction of Iceland 
moss, seven fl. ounces and a half. Diluted sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. Syrup, four fl. drachms. Laudanum, fifty drops. 
Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, in phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 
Iceland Moss Chocolate. R. Fine chocolate, four pi 
Fine chocolate, four pounds. Sugar, two pounds. Powdered Iceland 
moss, one pound and a half. Tragacanth, Cinnamon, each, four ounces. 
Water, sufficient. 
Rub into an uniform paste. Cadet. 
Cetrarine 
R. Iceland moss, in coarse powder, one pound. Alcohol, (.883,) four pounds. 
Boil for half an hour, permit to cool, till no vapors are given off, express, and add to the fluid 
Muriatic acid, three drachms, and four times its bulk of distilled water. Let rest for a night in a closed matrass; then decant, throw deposit on filter, and press; while still moist, wash with alcohol or ether; then treat with boiling alcohol, filter, and permit cetrarine to precipi f ate. llerberger. 


CHELIDONIUM — CHIMAPHILA 
181 
Powder of Cetrarine. R. Cetrarine, 
Gum Arabic, each, two grains. White sugar, half a scruple. 
Useful in intermittent fevers, in doses of eight grains every two hours during the apyrexia. Muller. 
CHELIDONIUM. 
Celandine. 
The herb of Chelidonium majus, a perennial herbaceous plant, native of Europe, but generally naturalized in this country. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Papaveraceae. 
Linn. Sp. PL 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 130. Exudes, when broken, an orange-colored, fetid juice. Its taste is extremely bitter and acrid, leaving a burning sensation. The root is the most powerful. It has been used as a drastic hydragogue, and also in scrofula, &c. The dose of the dried root is half a drachm to a drachm; of the fresh juice, thirty to forty drops. 
Extract of Celandine. 
R. Juice of celandine, at will. Buil so as to coagulate; strain, evaporate, and at the cluse of evaporation add the coagulum. Van Mons. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains, as a hydragogue purgative. 
Pills of Celandine. R. Extract of celandine, Ammoniac, each, on< 
one drachm 
and a half. 
Soap, one drachm. Mix, and form pills of four grains. Two or three a-day, in engorgements of the viscera, especially of the spleen. Schubarth. 
Extract of Celandine Mixture. R. Extract of celandine, two drachms and a half. 
" henbane, one scruple. Sulphate of potassa, one ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Elder water, six fl. ounces. Oxymel of squills, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful everv two hours, as a hydragogue. Augustin. 
CHENOPODIUM. 
Wormseed. 
This is the fruit of Chenopodium anthelminticu/n, a native plant, found in most parts of the country. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Chenopodiaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 320. Griffith, Med. Bot. 537. The fruit is in small grains, of a greenishyellow color, with a bitterish, aromatic, pungent taste, and a nauseous peculiar smell. Besides the seeds, the expressed juice of the whole plant is used, and the essential oil. They are all efficient anthelmintics. The first are given in the form of an electuary; the second in tablespoonful doses; the oil is given in the dose of five lo ten drops to a child three years old. 
Decoction of Wormseed. 
R. Fresh leaves of wormseed, one ounce. New milk, one pint. Orange peel, two drachms. 
Boil, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful twice a-day. 
Oil of Wormseed 
R. Bruised wormseed, at will. Water, sufficient 
to cover the seed ; infuse for some hours, distil, and separate the oil. More commonly, however, the whole herbaceous portion is subjected to distillation. 
Dose, from four to eight drops for a child, night and morning, for three or four days, to be followed by a cathartic. Coxe. 
Wormseed Oil Mixture. 
R. Oil of wormseed, ' one drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, one drachm and a half. Mix, and add 
Mint water, two and a half fl. ounces. A teaspoonful, four times a-day for two days, to a child, to be followed by a purge. Elli3. R. Oil of wormseed, one fl. drachm and a half. 
Castor oil, three fl. ounces. Oil of aniseed, ten drops. Mix and add 
Syrup of rhubarb, or " of senna, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful night and morning, to a child two years old. Am. Jour. Pharmacy. 
CHIMAPHILA. 
PlPSISSEWA. 
The leaves of Chimaphila umbellata, an evergreen plant, found in the northern portions of both continents. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat Syst. Pyrolaceae. 
Linn. (Pyrola) Sp. PL 568. Griffith, Med. Bot. 421. 
Prpsissewa has a peculiar and rather oleasant 


182 
CHIRETTA—CHLORINUM 
4 
odor, especially when fresh, and an astringent, bitter, and somewhat sweetish taste. It is tonic, diuretic, and astringent, and has been much used in nephritic complaints, dropsy, Sec. 
Decoction op Pipsissewa. Pipsissewa, one < 
one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. 17. S. Ph. 
To be taken during the day, in dropsy and chronic affections of urinary organs. 
Compound Decoction op Pipsissewa. R. Decoction of pipsissewa, one pint. Solution of carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Mix. Four lablespoonfuls, three times a-da)', m same cases as above. Foy. R. Pipsissewa, half an ounce to one ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil to six ounces, and add 
Gin, two ounces. Let stand for two hours, and strain. Two tablespoonfuls four times a-day, in dropsy. Radius. 
R. Pipsissewa, six drachms. 
Water, twelve ounces. Boil to six ounces, and add at close 
Senna, « two drachms. Strain. A tablespoonful every two hours as a diuretic. Radius. 
Extract of Pipsissewa. R. Pipsissewa, one pound. Water, one gallon* 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to two pints, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 
Pipsissewa Pills. 
R. Extract of pipsissewa, Resin of guaiacum, each, one drachm and a half. Precipitated sulph. of antimony, twelve grains. Beat together, and make pills of two grains. Dose, five, twice a-day, in arthritic affections. 
Pipsissewa Syrup. 
R. Powdered pipsissewa, four ounces. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Macerate for thirty-six hours, percolate so as to obtain a pint of fluid, evaporate one-halfj and add 
Sugar, twelve ounces. One to two tablespoonfuls at a time. W. Procter. 
Pipsissewa Beer. 
R. Pipsissewa, half a pound. "Water, one gallon. 
Boil, strain, and add 
Brown sugar, one pound. Powdered ginger, half an ounce. Yeast, sufficient 
to produce fermentation. When this has taken place, keep in well-stopped bottles. Dose, a half-tumblerful, three or four times a-day, In strumous affections, especially of the joints. Dr. 1.Parrish. 
CHIRETTA. 
Chiretta. 
This a the herb and root of Agatholes chi. rayta, a native of the northern mountainous parts of India. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gentianacere. 
Don, Phil. Mag., 1836. Griffith, Med. Bot 462. 
The whole plant is bitter, and the root most so ; it is inodorous. It appears to have the same properties as gentian, and is applicable to the same cases. Dose, of powder, is twenty grains. 
Infusion op Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta, four drachms. Boiling water. one piut. 
Infuse for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces as a simple tonic bitter. 
Tincture of Chiretta. 
R. Chiretta, five ounces. 
Proof spirit, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. Dub. Ph. 
CHLORINUM. 
Chlorine. 
This is an elementary, gaseous fluid, of a greenish-yellow color, and a peculiar, penetrating smell. It has been used as an inhalation in a diluted state, in diseases of the lungs, and also as a fumigation in diseases of the liver, &c, and also as a disinfectant. 
Chlorine. 
R. Peroxide of manganese, one part. Common salt, three parts. Sulphuric acid, Water, each, two parts. 
Mix the acid and water, pour on the other substances in powder, and collect the gas under a receiver. Paris Cod. 


CHLOROFORMUM 
183 
Chlorine Water. R. Muriate of soda, (common salt), one drachm. Sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms. Red oxide of lead, three hundred and fifty grains. Water, eight fl. ounces. Rub the salt and oxide of lead together, put them iuto the water, add the acid, and agitate occasionally till the red oxide becomes almost white. Allow the insoluble matter to subside before using the liquid. Ed. Ph. 
To be kept in well-stopped bottles, and in the dark. Chlorine water is stimulant, and antiseptic, and has been used in a variety of diseases. (See Dunglison's New Rem., 6th edit., p 190, ct seq.) The dose is from one to four fl. drachms, properly diluted. 
Chlorine Colltjtory. R. Chlorine water, half an ounce. Syrup of mallows, one ounce. Mix. In aphthous sore mouth. Radius. R. Chlorine water, half an ounce. Infusion of sage, six ounces. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. In same cases. Radius. 
Chlorine Gargle. 
R. Tragacanth, twelve grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Chlorine water, Syrup, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. As a gargle in ulceration, and chronic inflammation of the mouth, and fauces. Foy. 
Chlorine Injection. 
R. Chlorine water, half a drachm. Distilled water, one ounce and a half. Extract of opium, fifteen grains. 
Mix. As an injection in ulcers of the uterus. Phwbus. 
Chlorine Clyster. 
R. Chlorine water, two drachms. 
Starch, four drachms. 
Extract of opium, half a grain. Water, six ounces. 
Mix. As an enema in the diarrhoea of consumptive patients. Cadet, 
Cadet, 
Chlorine Mixture. 
R. Chlorine water, two to four drachms. Decoction of mal- 
lows, two ounces and a half. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in softening of the stomach in children. Radius. 
R. Chlorine water, two ounces. 
Syrup, 
six ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in typhoid fevers. Swediaur. 
two drachms. 
R. Chlorine water, Strawberry water, 
one ounce and a half. 
Quince mucilage, Syrup of mallows, each, six drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, to children in scarlatina. Radius. 
Chlorinated Oil. 
R. Olive oil, at will. Pass a current of chlorine through it; at the end of two or three days, wash it with cold water. As an application to tinea, and lepra. Deimann. 
Chlorine Ointment 
R. Chlorine water, one part. Lard, eight parts. 
Triturate well together. Employed in itch. Augustin 
Chlorine Liniment. 
R. Chlorine water, one fl. drachm Olive oil, one fl. ounce 
Mix well. In itch, tinea, and herpes. Deimann. 
R. White wax, two drachms. Melt by a gentle heat, and add 
Almond oil, sufficient to make a liniment; on cooling, add 
Chlorine water, one drachm and a half. As an application to foul ulcers. Ludwig. 
CHLOROFORMUM. 
Chloroform. 
This has received various names, as Chloride of Carbon, Chloride of Formyl, Chloric Ether, Terchloride of Formyl, SfC It is a transparent, heavy fluid, of a peculiar, fragrant, ethereal, apple-like odor, and an intensely sweet taste. In large doses it is a narcotic poison; in medicine, a stimulant, sedative, antispasmodic anodyne, and anaesthetic; for which latter purpose it has attained much celebrity. The usual dose, when inhaled, is a fl. drachm, to be increased in a few minutes, if no effect is produced. The best plan of inhaling is to twist a handkerclrief into the form of a birdVnest, wet this with the chloroform, and apply it to the mouth and nose. The dose, internally, is from five to twenty minims, 


184 
CHONDRUS — CICHORIUM. 
R. Chlorinated lime, ten pounds. Water, three gallons and a half. Alcohol, , two pints. 
Mix the lime with the water and alcohol, distil into a cold receiver, and when the temperature reaches 17G° F., remove the fire, and allow the distillation to proceed spontaneously; taking care to apply heat if the process slackens, so long as the liquid comes over of a sweet taste. Remove the heavier layer of liquid in the receiver, wash it with water, then with a weak solution of carbonate of soda, agitate it with powdered chloride of calcium, and by a waterbath distil off eleven-twelfths of the liquid. U. S. PL 
R. Powdered chloride 
of lime, four pounds. Water, twelve pounds. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix, in a capacious still or retort, and distil as long as a dense liquid, which sinks in the water that comes over with it, is produced. Separate this, agitate it with sulphuric acid, and distil it from carbonate of baryta. Dumas. 
Emulsion of Chloroform. 
R, Chloroform, six drachms. Syrup, half an ounce. Yolk of egg, one. 
Distilled water, 
four fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix, by rubbing the yolk of the egg with the syrup, then adding the chloric ether and water so as to form an emulsion. Moxon. 
Liniment of Chloroform. R. Soap liniment, two fl. o 
two fl. ounces. 
Chloroform, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. As an application in neuralgic pains, over the affected part. 2'uson. 
CHONDRUS. 
Irish Moss. — Carrageen. 
The fronds of Ckondrus crispus, a sea-weed growing on rocks and stones in the seas of Northern Europe, especially on the southern and western coasts of Ireland. 
Sex. Sysi. Cryptog. fuci. Nat. Syst. Ceramiaicse. 
Greville, Alg. Brit. 129. Dunglison, New Rem. 6th edit., p. 210. It is of a yellowish, or purplish color, translucent, nearly tasteless, and scentless. It is nutritive and demulcent, and affords a useful article of diet to convalescents. It has also been recommended in scrofula, and bowel and pectoral affections. Before using, it should be soaked in cold water to remove any salt or other impurities. 
Decoction op Carrageen 
R. Carrageen, sliced, half an ounce. Water, three pints. 
Boil for a quarter of an hour, express, and strain. Beral. 
R. Carrageen, sliced, half a drachm. New milk, nine fl. ounces. 
Boil to five fl. ounces, strain, and add Sugar, half an ounce to an ounce. Bitter almond water, one scruple. 
To be taken during the day. Grafe. R. Carrageen, four scruples. New milk, twenty-four fl. ounces. Boil for ten minutes, express, and add 
Orange-flower water, one ounce and a half. 
Carrageen Jelly 
R. Carrageen, two drachms. New milk, one pint. Boil to consistence of jelly, strain, and add Sugar, one ounce. Bitter almonds, two. Radius. R. Mucilage of carrageen, five ounces. Sugar, four ounces. Evaporate to eight ounces, by a gentle heat; strain, and add Essence of citron, fifty drops. 
Beral. 
Carrageen Mixture. 
R. Carrageen, half a drachm. Water, sufficient 
to obtain six ounces of mucilage; strain, and add 
Phosphate of soda, one drachm and a half. 
Syrup of opium, three drachms. A sioonful, every two hours, in hemoptysis. Clarus. 
CICHORIUM. 
Succory. 
The Cichorium intybus is a perennial herbaceous plant, indigenous to Europe, but naturalized in many places in this country. I Sex. Syst. Syngen. aequal. Nat. Syst. Asteraceffi. 
The whole plant is bitter, the root the most so. It is tonic, aperient, and deobstruent. The dried and torrefied root is used in Europe to mix with, or as a substitute for coffee. 


185 
CI MIC I FUG A — CINCHONA. 
Extract of Succory. 
R. Juice of succory, at will. Evaporate to proper consistence. Guibourt. 
Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm. 
Infusion of Succory. 
R. Dried succory, half an ounce. Roiling water, two pints. Infuse and strain, and add 
Syrup of maidenhair, one drachm. 
Cottereau. 
Compound Syrup of Succory. R. Juice of succory, 
" dandelion, " fumitory, each, six ounces. Sugar, one pound. Boil to proper consistence, and strain. Dose, one to two ounces. As a diuretic. St. Marie. 
CIMICIFU OA. 
Black Snakeroot. 
This is the root of Cimicifuga racemosa, a native, found in many parts of the United States, ,n shady places. Sex. Syst. Polyand. di-pent. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaceas. 
Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1. 36. Griffith, Med. Bot. 92. 
The root is thick, contorted, dark brown, with numerous radicles. The odor is peculiar and unpleasant, and the taste bitter and somewhat astringent. It is acro-narcotic, and is used in rheumatism, dropsy, pectoral affections, chorea, &c. The dose of the powder, a drachm, several times a-day. 
Decoction of Black Snakeroot. R. Black snakeroot (contused), 
one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Boil for a short time, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Wood. 
Tincture of Black Snakeroot. R. Bruised black snakeroot, four ounces. Alcohol, one pint. Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, twenty drops, three or four times a-day. Carson. 
Used in rheumatic cases. 
CINCHONA. 
Peruvian Bark. 
This is the bark of several species of Cinchona, all natives of South America. There 
are numerous varieties of this article used in medicine, but the state of our knowledge on the subject does not permit a reference of them to a particular species of the tree, except in a few cases. At the revision of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, in 1850, the yellow bark was referred to C. Calisaya, and the pale bark to C. Condarninea, and C. Micrantha. The sources of the red bark remain undetermined. (See Griffith, Med. Bot. 368.) Peruvian bark owes its properties to the presence of one or more alkaloids, called quinia, cinchonia, &c. It is a bitter tonic and antiperiodic, and is used in a variety of diseases, and is given in a multitude of forms. The dose in powder as a febrifuge is a drachm, frequently repeated ; as a tonic from ten to thirty grains. Its use is now much superseded by that of quinia. 
Compound Powder of Peruvian 
Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, Cremor tartar, each, one ounce. Powdered cloves, one drachm. 
Mix. A drachm and a half every two hours, in the apyrexia of fevers. Ellis. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
half an ounce. 
Virginia snakeroot, one drachm. Bicarbonate of soda, two scruples. 
Mix, and divide into four powders, one to bo given every two hours, in apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Ellis. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, " uva ursi, each, one or two drachms. 
" opium, three grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders; one to be taken three or four times a-day, followed by a draught of two ounces of lime water. Antilithic. Ferriar. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Tartar emetic, two grains. Powdered opium, one grain. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders; one to be taken every two hours. Brera. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, Sulphate of magnesia, each, six drachms. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One every two hours, where purging is required, and at the same time a tonic impression to be made. Ellis. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, thirty grains. Aromatic powder, ten grains. 
Make a powder, to be taken in a cup of milk every three hours. In convalescence from fevers. A. T. Thomsun 


* 
I 
186 
CINCHONA. 
Powder op Peruvian Bark and Arnica. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, *) , " arnica root, > " u camphor, J " Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Cadet. 
Powder op Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
two drachms. 
u cascarilla, twelve grains. Mix. In apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 
Powder op Peruvian Bark and Camphor. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
half an ounce. 
" camphor, one scruple. " gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Mix. As an application to atonic ulcers. Gen. Ph. 
Peruvian Bark Dentifrice Pow- 
ders. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
one ounce and a half. 
" red saunders, half an ounce. Oil of bergamot, Oil of cloves, each, twelve drops. 
Mix. Hvfeland. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
three ounces. 
" cremor tartar, " sage leaves, " myrrh, each, half an ounce. " catechu, six drachms. Oil of cloves, sixteen drops. 
Mix. Hesse Ph. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, " charcoal, each, one drachm and a half. 
u cinnamon, half a drachm. Mix. ' Soubeiran. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. " orris root, u sage leaves, " myrrh, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. Fulda Disp. R Powdered Peruvian bark, two ounces. u muriate of ammonia, 
half an ounce. 
v orris root, one ounce. 
Powdered catechu, " myrrh, each, six drachms. Oil of cloves, twelve drops. 
Pideret. 
Mix. 
Powder op Peruvian Bark and Valerian. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, two drachms. 
u valerian, one drachm. Mix. Divide into four powders. In nervous disorders. Ratier. 
Powder of Peruvian Bark and Isinglass. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Isinglass, one drachm and a half. 
Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. Dose, at first, from three to six a-day, in passive menorrhagia, leucorrhcea, chronic diarrhoea, &c. Brera. 
Peruvian Bark Mixture. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, half an ounce. 
Confection of opium, one drachm. Lemon juice, two fl. drachms. Port wine, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A wineglassful every two hours, in tho apyrexia of intermittent fever. Meigs. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
two drachms. 
Wine of opium, sixty drops. Nitrate of potassa, five grains, lufusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. An ounce ever)' two hours. Pierquin. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
two drachms. 
Compound tincture of bark, one fl. ounce. Decoction of red bark, three fl. ounces. Syrup, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every one or two hours in the apyrexia. Ellis. R. Powdered Peruvian 
bark, one ounce and a half. Magnesia, six drachms. Saffron, one scruple. Confection of opium, two drachms. "White wine, . Water, each, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day, in apyrexia. Giordano. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Alcohol, eight ounces. Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Mix. A spoonful every hour, or two hours. Augustin. 


* 
187 
CINCHONA. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. " ginger, twenty grains. Red wine, eight fl. ounces. Sugar, one ounce. Mix. To be taken during the apyrexia. Radius. 
Extract of Yellow Peruvian Bark. 
R. Yellow bark, in coarse powder, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Water, sufficient. Macerate the bark in the alcohol for four days, and obtain tincture by displacement. When the liquid measures four pints, set aside and obtain six pints of infusion. Distil off alcohol from tincture, and evaporate infusion to the consistence of thin honey; mix, and evaporate to proper consistence. The extract of red bark is prepared in the same way. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains. 
Vinous Extract of Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one part. White wine, eight parts. 
Digest for three days, express, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Hesse Ph. 
Salt of Bark. 
R. Bruised yellow bark, two pounds. Distilled water, one gallon. Muriatic acid, half a fl. ounce. 
Boil and strain. Then boil the residue twice in an equal quantity of acidulated water. Mix the decoctions, filter, and add lime, while precipitation occurs. Wash the precipitate, exhaust it with hot alcohol, and evaporate by a water-bath, to a pilular consistence. Dose, two to five grains. C. Ellis. 
Compound Bolus of Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Extract of Peruvian 
bark, twenty grains. Nitrate of potassa, thirty grains. Confection of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix, and form five boluses. Pierquin. 
Compound Pills of Extract of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark, one drachm. " opium, one grain. Camphor, twelve grains. Powdered Peruvian bark, sufficient. 
Beat into a mass, and form twelve pills. One to be taken three or four times a-day. Ellis. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark, " rhubarb, u gentian, u blessed thistle, equal parts. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. Dose, one or two, three times a-day. St. Marie. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark, " gentian, each, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. Oil of caraway, ten drops. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Beat well together, and divide into forty pills. Three to be taken three times a-day. In the apyrexia of intermittents. Thomson. 
R. Extract of Peruvian bark, 
two drachms. 
Powdered alum, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient, 
Mix, and divide into thirty-six pills. Four to be taken every four or six hours. In passive hemorrhages. A. T. Thomson. 
Fluid Extract of Peruvian Bark. R. Coarsely-powdered 
yellow bark, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Macerate the bark in sufficient alcohol to cover it, for twelve hours; then by displacement obtain four pints of tincture. Evaporate the tincture on a water-bath to nine fl. ounces, then add fourteen ounces of sugar. Continue the heat till dissolved, and strain. Dose, a teaspoonful. A. B. Taylor. 
Decoction of Yellow Peruvian Bark. 
R. Yellow bark, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint. 
Boil for ten minutes, and strain while hot. Dose, two fl. ounces. (J. S. Ph. The decoction of red bark is prepared in the 
same manner. 
R. Red Peruvian bark, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint. 
Boil for ten minutes, and, while hot, add Virginia snakeroot, half an ounce. Orange peel, two drachms. 
Infuse for half an hour, near the fire, in a covered vessel. Dose, a wineglassful every hour. Ellis. 
R. Decoction of Red Peruvian bark, six fl. ounces. Compound tincture of bark, one fl. ounce. 
Aromatic sulphuric acid, ten drops Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. Elltt 


I 
188 
CINCHONA 
Decoction op Peruvian Bark Mixture. 
R. Decoction of Peruvian bark, six ounces. Tincture of Peruvian bark, one ounce. Diluted sulphuric acid, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, half an ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour or two. Foy. R. Decoction of Peruvian 
bark, eight ounces. Infusion of arnica flowers, six ounces. Camphor, two scruples. Syrup of tolu, one ounce. Emulsion of gum, four ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Brugnatelli. 
Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Cascarilla. 
R. Peruvian bark, one ounce. 
Cascarilla, two drachms. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Boil to eight ounces, express, and strain, and add, when cold, 
Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Mix. Copenhagen Ph. 
Decoction of Peruvian Bark and Rhatany. 
R. Peruvian bark, 
Rhatany, each, half an ounce. Water, sufficient 
to obtain nine ounces of decoction; strain, and add 
Vinous extract of Peruvian 
bark, four scruples. Compound tincture of Peruvian bark, one fl. drachm. Citron water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix In chronic diarrhoea. Brera. 
Compound Decoction of Peruvian 
Bark. 
R. Peruvian bark, one ounce. 
Virginia snakeroot, half an ounce. Orange peel, two drachms. Powdered cloves, one drachm. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. 
Mix. Put the mixture into a proper vessel, with three half pints of water, boil down gently, to Dne pint; let settle, decant. Dose, a wineglassful every hour, for eight hours, in the apyrexia. Demees. 
Infusion of Yellow Peruvian Bark. R. Yellow Peruvian bark, 
uruised, one ounce. 
one pint. 
Boiling water, 
Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces, as occasion may require The infusion of red bark is prepared in the same way. 
Infusion of Peruvian Bark with Lime Water. 
R. Bruised Peruvian bark, two ounces. Lime water, two pints. 
Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful to be given three or four times a-day. Ellis. 
Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Valerian 
R. Bruised Peruvian 
bark, one ounce and a half. Bruised valerian, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Fulda Disp. 
Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Serpentaria. 
R. Bruised Peruvian bark, ten drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for four hours, then boil for half an hour, then add 
Virginia snakeroot, two drachms. Infuse for two days, and strain. Saunders. 
Infusion of Peruvian Bark and Magnesia. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Magnesia, one drachm. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twelve hours, express, and strain. Said to be more astringent than other infusions. Van Mons. 
Compound Infusion of Peruvian 
Bark. 
R. Peruvian bark, Juniper berries, each, one drachm. Orange peel, Cinnamon, each, two drachms. Canella, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, fifteen grains. Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. Infuse, and strain, then add 
Extract of juniper berries, one drachm and a half. 
In spoonful doses, in atonic dropsies. Bories. R. Root of viper's grass, one ounce. Contused lemon seeds, two drachms. 
six pints. 
Water, 


189 
CINCHONA 
Boil to four pints; pour boiling liquid on Bruised Peruvian bark, two ounces. 
Contrayerva, 
one ounce. 
infuse for a quarter of an hour, strain, and add Honey of elder, three ounces. 
*s a stimulating diuretic. Span. Ph. 
Compound Infusion of Peruvian 
Bark. 
$c. Powdered red bark, one ounce. Aromatic sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. 
Water, one pint. Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
A teaspoonful every hour. Radius. 
Astringent Electuary op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, " orange peel, each, six drachms. 
" crabs' eyes, two drachms. Confection of red roses, 
" rose hips, each, six drachms. 
Syrup of catechu, sufficient. 
Mix. Dose, one drachm, two or three times aday, in chronic diarrhoea. Saunders. 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Catechu. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. u catechu, Balsam of tolu, each, one drachm. 
Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. Divide into ten doses, one to be taken twice or three times a-day, in some appropriate vehicle. Much praised in hemoptysis. Pierquin. 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Tin. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. " tin, " valerian, each, half an ounce. 
Syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and evening, 
in epilepsy. 
Cadet. 
Electuary op Peruvian Bark and 
Cloves. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, two ounces. Cloves, one drachm. Simple syrup, sufficient 
to form electuary. A piece, the size of a nutmeg, every two hours in, the apyrexia of intermittent fever. Dewees. 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Iron. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, six drachms. Protoxide of iron, Confection of opium, each, two arachm3. 
Syrup of cinnamon, sufficient. Mix. Dose, a drachm, morning and evening, in ascites, after the evacuation of the fluid. Cadet 
Electuary of Peruvian Bark and Sulphur. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one drachm. 
u sulphur, " crabs' eyes, " spermaceti, each, two drachms. 
Extract of opium, four graius. Powdered mushrooms, one drachm. and a half. Confection of roses, four drachms. Syrup of milfoil, sufficient. 
Mix. Dose, two scruples, three times a-duv. Highly praised in phthisis. Cadet. 
Tincture of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered yellow bark, six ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Generally employed as an adjuvant to other preparations of bark, in the dose of one to four fluidrachms. 
Compound Tincture of Peruvian Bark. (Huxham's Tincture.) 
R. Powdered red bark, two ounces. Bruised orange peel, one ounce and a half. 
" Virginia snakeroot, three drachms. 
Saffron, cut, Red saundcrs, rasped, each, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. 
U. S. Ph. 


190 
CINCHONA. 
An excellent stomachic and useful adjunct to other preparations of bark. 
Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. 
Tincture op Peruvian Bark and Valerian. 
R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, " valerian, each, one fl. ounce. 
" cardamom, two fl. drachms. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, as a tonic in nervous temperaments. Ellis. 
Tincture op Peruvian Bark and 
Snakeroot. R. Powdered bark, three ounces. " Virginia snakeroot, 
two ounces. 
" contrayerva, one ounce. Alcohol, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. Dose, fifty to sixty drops. Van Mons. 
Tincture of Peruvian Bark. 
Ammoniated. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. Ammoniated alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days in a covered vessel, express, and filter. Swediaur. 
Tincture of Peruvian Bark and 
Gentian. 
R. Bruised Peruvian bark, eight parts. " gentian, " orange peel, each, three parts. Diluted alcohol, ninety-six parts. 
Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Foy. 
Tincture of Bark and Cantharides. 
R. Tincture of bark, three ounces. Paregoric elixir, fialf an ounce. Tincture of Spanish flies, one drachm. 
Mix. Used, it is stated, with great success, in hooping-cough. To be given in small doses, until a slight strangury is caused. Sutcliffe. 
Cataplasm op Peruvian Bark. R. Cataplasm of linseed meal, one pound. Powdered Peruvian bark, four ounces. 
Mix. 
Foy- 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, M charcoal, each, one ounce. " camphor, one drachm and a half. 
Oil of turpentine, sufficient. Mix. Phoebus. These cataplasms are employed as applications to gangrenous ulcers, &c. 
Cerate op Peruvian Bark. 
R. Simple cerate, eight ounces. Camphor, one drachm and a half. 
Rub together, and gradually incorporate Decoction of Peruvian bark, one ounce. 
An application to ill-conditioned ulcers. 
Van Mons. 
Peruvian Bark Pomatum. R. Extract of Peruvian 
bark, half a drachm. 
Oil of roses, two drops. " bergamot, eight drops. Beef marrow, half an ounce. 
Incorporate well. As an application to promote the growth of the hair. Phoebus. 
Clyster of Peruvian Bark. R. Decoction of Peruvian 
bark, four ounces. Yolk of egg, one. 
Powdered Peruvian 
bark, three drachms. Tincture of opium, twelve drops. 
Mix. Radius. R. Extract of Peruvian 
bark, half a drachm. Warm water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 
Olive oil, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of opium, ten drops. 
Mix. To be administered every four hours, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. 
Gargle of Peruvian Bark. R. Tincture of Peruvian bark, 
Syrup of mulberries, each, four fl. drachms. 
Spirit of horseradish, one fl. drachm. Infusion of sage,* six fl. ounces. 
Mix. In obstinate sore throat, when active inflammation has subsided. Cadet. 
Lotion of Peruvian Bark. R. Extract of Peruvian bark, Sulphuric ether, each, one drachm. 
seven drachms. 
Alcohol, 


191 
CINCHONIA. 
Mix. As a friction, three times a-day, in weakness of the back. Augustin. 
Peruvian Bark Beer. R. Bruised Peruvian bark, one and a half ounces. Cinnamon, two drachms. Grated nutmeg, seven drachms. Yeast, two ounces. Sugar, twenty-five ounces. Water, one hundred fl. ounces. Mix, and expose to a warm temperature. After fermentation, decant and strain. Three or four glasses to be taken during the apyrexia of intermittents. Ferrara Fh. 
Compound Syrup op Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered Peruvian 
bark, two drachms. Powdered seneka, half a drachm. " liquorice, one drachm. Contused poppy heads, three. " ipecacuanha, one scruple. Ground ivy,") Hyssop, > each, a handful. Pennyroyal, J Sugar, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Boil, and make a syrup. Three spoonfuls aday, in hooping-cough. Bories. 
Wine of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one part. White wine, twelve parts. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, often stirring, and filter. Cottereau. 
R. Red wine, twenty parts. Extract of Peruvian bark, one part. 
Mix. Niemann, 
Wine of Peruvian Bark and Iron. R. Bruised Peruvian bark, 
one ounce and a half. 
Oxide of iron, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, two drachms. Sugar, one ounce. 
White wine, two pints. Mix, and digest for two days, and filter. Dose, an ounce, two or three times a-day, as a tonic. 
Wine of Peruvian Bark and Calamus. 
R. Bruised Peruvian bark, Calamus, each, one ounce and a half. Quassia, ~\ Cinnamon, V each, six drachms. Elder flowers, ) 
Alcohol, three pints. Water, eighteeu pints. 
Macerate, express, strain, and add Tincture of chloride of 
iron, twelve fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, one pint and a half. Syrup, six ounces 
Mix. Dose, two drachms, morning and evening, in leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Cadet 
Peruvian Bark Mixture. R. Peruvian bark, six dra< 
six drachms. 
Confection of opium, three drachms. Cremor tartar, two drachms. 
Water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in the apyrexia. Dewees. 
Syrup of Peruvian Bark. 
R. Extract of bark, fourteen drachms White wine, two pounds. White sugar, three pounds. 
Dissolve the extract in the wine, filter, and form a syrup with the sugar, with the aid of a very moderate heat. Monchon. 
CINCHONIA. 
Cinchonia. 
An alkaloid existing in Peruvian bark; most abundant in the pale kinds. It is white, translucent, and crystullizable, but little soluble in water ; very bitter, and has much the same properties as quinia. 
Cinchonia. 
R. Pale bark, one thousand parts. Muriatic acid, sixty-four parts. Water, twelve thousand parts. Quicklime, one hundred parts. 
Exhaust the bark by three successive boilings with a third part of the acid and water, each I time; unite the decoctions, add the lime diffused in water, wash, and dry the precipitate; treat it with alcohol, filter whilst hot, distil in a waterbath, evaporate to dryness, digest in cold alcohol, dissolve the residue in boiling alcohol, with tho addition of some animal charcoal, filter whilst 
hot, and crystallize. Far. Cod 
Pills op Cinchonia. R. Cinchonia, one 
Cinchonia, one scruple. Confection of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Dose, two to eight. Cadet. 


192 
CINNAMOMUM 
» 
Muriate op Cinchonia. 
R. Cinchonia, at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient 
to saturate. Filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Giordano. 
Kinate of Cinchonia. 
R. Alcoholic solution of sulphate of cinchonia, at will. 
Aqueous solution of kinate of lime, sufficient 
to produce full precipitation; filter, evaporate, redissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. 
Sulphate of Cinchonia. 
R. Cinchonia, at will. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient 
to dissolve the cinchonia. Evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. 
Pills of Sulphate op Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, half a drachm. Confection of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, one to eight. Cadet. 
Bolus of Cinchonia. 
R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three grains. Crumb of bread, Honey, Liquorice, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and form a bolus. One every two hours. Brera. 
Syrup of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, forty-eight grains. Syrup, one pint. Mix. A tablespoonful is a dose. Cadet. 
R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twenty-four grains. 
Orange-flower water, two fl. drachms. Syrup, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. As above. Giordano. 
Wine of Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twenty-four grains. Madeira wine, « two pints. 
Make solution, and filter. Dose, one to four ounces. Cottereau. 
Tincture of Cinchonia. 
R. Sulphate of cinchonia, twelve grains. Alcohol, one ounce. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. Foy. 
Mixture of Sulphate op Cinchonia. R. Sulphate of cinchonia, three grains. Peppermint water, three ounces. Syrup of capillaire, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in four doses, during the day. Cadet. 
CINNAMOMUM. 
Cinnamon. 
This is the bark of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum, and C. aromaticum, and also, perhaps, of other species; all natives of various parts of the tropical regions of Asia. That most commonlv used in this country, is what is termed cassia in commerce, and is imported from China. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lauraccoe. 
Nees, Laurinese. 52. Griffith, Med. Bot. ¦'555. It is in tubular pieces, of a light brownish-red color, of an aromatic, warm, agreeable taste, and of a fragrant, peculiar smell. It is a warm cordial stimulant. Dose, in powder, ten grains to a scruple. 
Compound Powder of Cinnamon. R. Powdered cinnamon, 
" ginger, each, two ounces. Cardamom seeds, Grated nutmeg, each, one ounce. 
Rub together. U. S. Ph. Stimulant, and carminative. Dose, ten to thirty grains, in debility of the stomach, with flatulence. 
R. Powdered cinnamon, one ounce. tt c \ oves ) 1 each, three nutmeg, j dracbms dracbms" mace, two drachms. " red saunders, half an ounce. " sugar, thirty-two ounces. 
Mix well. Dose, from ten grains to a drachm. . Wirtemberg Ph. 
R. Powdered cinnamon, twenty grains. " cloves, twelve grains. " vanilla, six grains. Rice flour, six drachms. Sugar, half an ounce. Mix. Dose, six grains to a scruple. Spielmann. 
Cinnamon Lozenges. R. Powdered sugar, Cinnamon water, each, six ounces. Boil to syrup, and add 
Powdered sugar, one pound- Oil of cinnamon, one drachm and a 
half. 
Mix, make lozenges, and dry. Taddei. 


193 
CINNAMOMUM 
Compound Electuary of Cinnamon. R. Confection of orange peel, three ounces. " nutmeg, one ounce and a half. 
" ginger, six drachms. Powdered cinnamon, half an ounce. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix. Swediaur. 
Infusion of Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse. In dyspepsia and nervous colics. Radius. 
Compound Vinegar of Cinnamon. 
R. Cinnamon,") Cloves, > each, one drachm. Nutmeg, J Peppermint, half an ounce. Lavender, Rosemary, each, one ounce. 
Vinegar, eight fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 
Mix, and distil twenty-eight ounces. Used as an aromatic. Van Mons. 
Compound Wine of Cinnamon. 
R. Powdered cinnamon, "1 Cloves, I each, half a Mace, I drachm. Cardamom, J White wine, two pints. 
Boil, filter, and add 
Sugar, ten ounces. As a cordial stomachic and stimulant. 
Augustin. 
Tincture of Cinnamon. 
R. Bruised cinnamon, three ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to four fl. drachms 
Compound Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, one ounce 
one ounce. 
" cardamom seeds, half an 
ounce. 
" ginger, three drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
A warm, aromatic tincture, useful in flatulence, gastrodynia, &c. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
13 
R. Bruised cinnamon, one ounce. 
« cloves, each " nutmeg, >- ,' ,« Cut saffron, J half bounce. Bruised calamus, one drachm. " mace, two drachms. Fresh lemon peel, u orange peel, each, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, one pint and a half. 
Digest, express, and filter. Dose, fifty to eighty drops, as a stomachic. Wirtemberg Ph. 
Tincture of Cinnamon Gargle. R. Tincture of cinnamon, one part. Syrup of currants, two parts. Peppermint water, sixteen parts. 
Mix. In malignant sore throat. Foy. 
Ethereal Tincture of Cinnamon. R. Bruised cinnamon, three drachms. u cardamom, half an ounce. " angelica, one drachm and a half. 
" long pepper, one drachm. Sulphuric ether, five fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Stomachic and carminative. Dose, thirty to fifty drops. Niemann. 
Spirit of Cinnamon. 
R. Oil of cinnamon, two fl. drachms. Proof spirit, one gallon. 
Dissolve. 
Dose, one fl. drachm. Lond. Ph. 
Essence of Cinnamon. 
R. Oil of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix with agitation. Dub. Ph. Dose, ten drops. 
Water of Cinnamon 
R. Oil of cinnamon, half fl. drachm Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. 
Rub the oil with the magnesia, and both with the water, and filter. U. S. Ph. Mostly employed as a vehicle or adjuvant to other medicines. 
Compound Cinnamon Water. 
R. Sage, "J * Rosemary, » , Peppermint, \ each > tw0 P arte ' Lavender, J 


194 
COCCULUS—COCHLEARIA 
Fennel, Cinnamon, each, one part. Water, one hundred and twenty parts. 
Mix, and distil seventy-two parts. In spoonful doses. Saxon Ph. 
Oil of Cinnamon R. Bruised cinnamon, 
at will. 
sufficient. Par. Cod. 
Water, 
Distil, and separate the oil. 
Cinnamon Spice Plaster. 
R. Olibanum, three ounces. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. Oil of pimento, " lemons, each, two drachms. 
Melt the wax and olibanum, and add the cinnamon, rubbed with the oils. Coxe. 
COCCULUS. 
Cocculus Indicus. 
This is the fruit of Anamirta cocculus, a woody vine, native of the East Indies. Sex. Syst. Dioec. dodecand. Nat. Syst. Menispermaceae. 
Wight and Arnott, 1. 446. Griffith, Med. Bot. 105. 
The berries are about the size of a pea, roundish, with a thin, dry, blackish, external coat, enclosing another of a lighter color, containing an oily, bitter, white kernel. They are inodorous, but of a permanent, bitter taste. They are acro-narcotic, and owe their properties to the presence of a peculiar principle, called picrotoxin. They are seldom used in medicine. 
Ointment op Cocculus Indicus. R. Cocculus indicus, at will. Separate the kernels, beat them in a mortar; first alone, then with a little lard; finally, add lard equal to five times the weight of kernels. Ed. Ph. 
Used for the destruction of vermin, and in the treatment of ringworms and scabies of the scalp. 
Ointment of Picrotoxin. R. Picrotoxin, six £ 
six grains, one ounce. 
Lard, 
Mix well. In tinea, 
Radius. 
COCCUS. 
Cochineal. 
Cochineal is a small, hemipterous insect, inhabiting Mexico and some parts of South America, living principally on different species 
of cactus, and especially the Opuntia cochinillefera. It is in grains of a reddish-black color, often covered with a white powder. It has a feeble odor, and a bitterish, somewhat acidulous taste. The powder is of a reddish-purple color, tinging fluids of a deep red. It is said to be somewhat anodyne and antispasmodic, but is principally used as a coloring agent. 
Tincture of Cochineal. 
R. Powdered cochineal, 
Powdered cochineal, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 
Macerate eight days, express, and filter. Advised in convulsive coughs. Dose, twenty drops to a fl. drachm. Beral. 
Mixture of Cochineal and Carb. Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple. Powdered cochineal, half a scruple. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Make mixture. Dose, for children, a teaspoonful, every two or three hours. A highly popular remedy in hooping-cough. Ellis. 
Mixture of Cochineal and Common Salt. 
R. Common salt, three drachms. Powdered cochineal, fifteen grains. 
Divide into six doses. One to be taken every morning, the last followed by a purge. As a vermifuge. Bush. 
COCHLEARIA. 
Scurvy Grass. 
Scurvy grass is the Cochlearia officinalis, an herbaceous plant, native of the northern parts of Europe, and cultivated there and in the United States as a garden herb. Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. silic. Nat. Syst. Brassicaceaj. 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 131. 
The whole herb is used ; it has a penetrating and acrid smell when bruised, and a pungent, bitter taste. It is antiscorbutic, aperient, and diuretic. 
Electuary of Scurvy Grass. R. Conserve of scurvy 
grass, one ounce and a half. Calamus, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, Aromatic sulphuric acid, each, sufficient. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, as an antiscorbutic. Augustin. 


'CODEIA—COFFEA 
195 
Gargle op Scurvy Grass. 
R. Spirit of scurvy grass, one drachm. Syrup of Peruvian bark, half an ounce. Infusion of water cress, eight ounces. Mix. As a gargle in scurvy. Foy. 
CODEIA. 
CODEIA. 
An alkaloid obtained from opium, and bearing the same relation to morphia that cinchonia does to quinia. It is precipitated by tannin, and is soluble in ether, but is not thrown down from a dilute solution of its salts by ammonia. It acts somewhat like morphia, but produces great itching of the skin. 
CODEIA. 
R. Opium, at will. Macerate in a sufficient quantity of water, decant, treat with chloride of calcium, filter, evaporate, and crystallize ; decompose by ammonia, filter, concentrate fluid, crystallize; dissolve the crystals in water, add a slight excess of caustic potassa, dissolve the precipitate in alcohol and ether, and crystallize. Dose, one to two grains, in neuralgia, &c. Cottereau. 
R. Mother water of morphia, (by Gregory's process), at will. 
Evaporate and crystallize; dissolve the crystals, and re-crystallize. Treat with solution of potassa, which dissolves the morphia and precipitates the codeia; wash the latter with a little water, dissolve in hot ether, and suffer the solution to evaporate spontaneously. 
Syrup of Codeia. 
R. Codeia, twenty-four grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, eight ounces. 
Reduce codeia to fine powder, triturate with one-third of water allow to settle and decant; treat residue with the remainder of water, at two operations. Treat in a matrass on waterbath till quite dissolved, add sugar, and dissolve. Cap. Dose, one drachm, night and morning; gradually increased in neuralgic irritation of the stomach, hooping-cough, &c. 
Muriate of. Morphia and Codeia. R. Opium, at will. Treat with wafer, add a strong solution of chloride of calcium, filter with animal charcoal, evaporate, and crystallize. Magendie. Dose, half a grain to a grain. 
COPFEA. 
Coffee. 
Coffee is the product, principally, of Cojfca Arabica, a small tree, native of the eastern coast of Africa, but now cultivated in most tropical regions. The varieties are very numerous, and in some cases probably are derived from other species. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cin chonacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 245. Griffith, Med. Bot. 361. Raw coffee has febrifuge properties, and has been used with success in the treatment of in. termittents. In a roasted state it acts on the nervous system, producing wakefulness, and also somewhat excites the circulatory system. It is said to be useful in periodic asthma, and is an efficient anti-emetic. Its active principle, caffein, is crystallizable. 
Decoction of Raw Coffee. R. Raw coffee, one o> 
one ounce. 
Water, eighteen fl. ouuceB. Boil to two-thirds, strain, and add 
Lemon juice, two fl. ounces. To be taken warm, during the apyrexia. Foy. 
Vinegar of Coffee, 
R. Roasted coffee, ground, three ounces. Vinegar, twelve ounces. 
Boil, strain, and add 
Sugar, one ounce and a half. Two spoonfuls occasionally, in poisoning by opium, after the evacuation of the p» ison. Fierquin. 
Syrup of Coffee 
R. Coffee, roasted, four ounces. Water, two pints. Refined sugar, three pounds. 
Infuse the coffee in a pint and a half of the water for six hours, boil in a water-bath, let settle, decant, and add remainder of the water. Let stand for some hours; decant, add sugar, form syrup, and strain. Dose, from one ounce to two. Ferrari. 
Citrate of Caffein. 
R. Caffein, at will Solution of citric acid, sufficient 
to saturate. Dissolve at a temperature of 112° F., evaporate, and crystallize. This salt is very soluble. Dose, one to three grains. 
Pills of Citrate of Caffein. R. Citrate of caffein, eight grains. Dog grass, (Triticum repens,) fifteen grains*. 


196 
COLCHICUM 
Mix, and divide into ten pills. Dose, one pill every two hours in sick headache. Harmon. 
Syrup op Citrate op Caffein. R. Citrate of caffein, 
two and a half drachms. 
Simple syrup, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. 
Dose, a teaspoonful every two hours, in sick headache. Hannon. 
COLCHICUM. 
Colchicum. 
The Colchicum autumnale, or meadow saffron, is a bulbous plant, a native of most parts of Europe, flowering in the autumn, and putting forth its leaves, and perfecting its seed the succeeding spring. Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Melanthacefe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 485. Griffith, Med. Bot. 644. The parts used are the bulb and the seeds. The first is of a brown color externally, white within, rounded on one side, flattened on the other, of scarcely any smell, but an acrid, bitter taste ; the seeds are small, rounded, of a brownish-yellow color, and of the same taste as the bulb. They owe their properties to the presence of colchicia. 
Colchicum is principally used in the various forms of gout and rheumatism. It is an active irritant, and in large doses, acro-narcotic. The dose of the powdered bulb is two to eight grains, every four or six hours; that of the seeds much the same 
Extract op Colchicum Bulb. R. Fresh colchicum bulb, one pound. Bruise in a stone mortar, express juice, and evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one or two grains. 
Acetic Extract of Colchicum Bulb. R. Fresh colchicum bulb, one pound. Acetic acid, three fl. ounces. Bruise, gradually adding acid, express, and evaporate, without straining, in porcelain vessel to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
R. Coarsely powdered colchicum root, (dried,) one pound. Acetic acid, four fl. ounces. Water, a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the acid with a pint of water, and pour on the root. Transfer to a percolator, and add water until the liquid passes tasteless. Then evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two grains, two or three times H-day 
Colchicum Pills. 
R. Powdered colchicum, three grains. Soap, sufficient. 
Make three pills, to be taken during the day, gradually increasing to five or six. Ritton. 
Compound Colchicum Pills. R. Acetic extract of col- 
chicum, three grains. Dover's powder, Compound extract of colocynth, each, one grain. 
Mix, and make a pill. In gout, after having taken, for some days, thirty to forty drops of colchicum wine, morning and evening. Halford. 
Lartigue's Pills. 
R. Extract of colchicum root, two grains. " foxglove, one grain. " col. comp., twenty grains. 
Mix, and form five pills. One at night, in gout. Lartigues. 
Wine op Colchicum Root. 
R. Colchicum root, bruised, one pound. Sherry wine, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Fh. 
Wine op Colchicum Seed. 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces. Sherry wine, two pints 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
The dose of the first, which is a saturated wine of the root, is from ten drops to half a fl. drachm ; for the second, one to two fl. drachms 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, three ounces. Sherry wine, deprived of its spirit by evaporation, two pints. Macerate for six days, and filter. Taddei. This is said to be the formula of the Eau medicinale of Husson. 
Tincture of Colchicum Seed. R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. Sometimes used as an embrocation in gout, rheumatism, and neuralgia. 
Ethereal Tincture of Colchicum Seed. - 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, four ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints. 
Digest for ten days, and filter. The advantage 


197 
COLCHICUM. 
) 
claimed for this preparation is a greater tendency to act on the kidneys. 
Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Mettauer. 
Compound Tincture op Colchicum Seed. 
R. Colchicum seed, bruised, five ounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, two.pints. 
Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. Land. Ph. 
More stimulating than the last. Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 
Tincture op Colchicum Flowers. R. Dried colchicum flowers, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Advised in acute rheumatism. BusheU. 
Vinegar op Colchicum Root. 
R. Dried colchicum root, two ounces. Diluted acetic acid, two pints. 
Macerate the root in the acid for seven days, express, and let dregs subside; pour off and add alcohol. U. S. Ph. 
As a diuretic in dropsy; also given in gout, rheumatism, &c. Dose, thirty drops to two fl. drachms. 
Oxymel of Colchicum. R. Fresh colchicum root, sliced, one ounce. 
Distilled vinegar, one pint. Clarified honey, two pounds. 
Macerate the colchicum in the vinegar for two days, express, and strain; add honey, and boil to consistence of syrup. Dub. Ph. 1826. 
Dose, one fl. drachm twice a-day. 
Vinegar of Colchicum Seed. R. Colchicum seed, one part. Distilled vinegar, four parts. 
Macerate a month, and filter. Beral. 
Syrup of Colchicum. R. Vinegar of colchicum root, sixteen parts. Sugar, . twenty-six parts. 
Boil, by a gentle fire. Swediaur. 
Mixture of Colchicum and Magnesia. R. Magnesia, one drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Wine of colchicum root, forty drops. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, till it operates. In gout and rheumatism. Ellis. 
Mixture op Colchicum and Sulphate op Magnesia. (Scudamore's Mixture.) 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, one to two 
ounces. 
Mint water, ten fl. ounces. Vinegar of colchicum, Syrup of saffron, each, one fl. ounce. Magnesia, eight scruples. 
Mix. Dose, one to three tablespoonfuls, every two hours, till four to six evacuations are procured in the twenty-four hours. In gout. Scudamore. 
Compound Wine op Colchicum. R. Tincture of colchicum seed, one scruple to half a fl. drachm. Wine of colchicum 
seed, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Fifteen to forty drops, three times a-day. Weber. 
Tincture op Colchicum Mixture. R. Tincture of colchicum seed, 
" guaiacum, each, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. Thirty to forty drops, three times a-day, in chronic rheumatism. Radius 
Tincture op Colchicum and Digitalis. 
R. Tincture of colchicum seed, " digitalis, each, two fl. drachms. 
Nitric ether, one scruple. Mix. Twenty drops,- morning and evening, on sugar, in hydrothorax. Hildebrand. 
Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Wine of colchicum seed, thirty drops. Denarcotized lauda- 
num, twenty-five drops. Sugar, thirty grains. Water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Found useful in acute rheumatism. To be taken at night. Dewees. 
Dewees. 
Colchicum Mixture. 
R. Wine of colchicum seed, forty drops. Acetated ticnture of 
opium, twenty drops. Sugar, thirty grains Water, one fl. ounce 
Mix. In gout, after inflammation is allayed. To be taken at bedtime. Dewees 
R. Expressed juice of colchicum flowers, two parts Brandy, one part. 


198 
COLLINSONIA —COLOCYNTHIS. 
Mix, and let rest for a few days; decant, and keep for use in well-stopped bottles. Wilson. 
Said to be identical in every respect to the Eau medicinale de Husson. 
Mixture of Colchicum and Elaterium. 
R. Elaterium, one grain. Spirit of nitric ether, two fl. ounces. Tincture of squills, Oxymel of colchicum, each, half a fl. ounce. 
Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in hydrothorax. Ferriar. 
Vinegar of Colchicum Mixture. R. Vinegar of colchicum, 
Syrup, each, half a fl. ounce. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm and a half. Peppermint water, four ounces. 
Mix. In tablespoonful doses, as a sudorific in gout, «fec. Foy. 
Mixture of Colchicum and Squills. R. Oxymel of colchicum, 
" squills, Wine of tobacco, each, half fl. 
ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful four times a-day. As a diuretic in dropsy. Requires caution. Ferriar. 
Mixture of Wine of Colchicum. B.. Wine of colchicum root, half fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Cinnamon water, Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. As a diuretic. Ellis. 
Mixture of Colchicum and Ammonia. 
R. Oxymel of colchicum, Solution acetate of am- 
monia, each, two fl. ounces. Parsley water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, as a diuretic. Augustin. 
Liniment of Colchicum-and Camphor. 
R. Tincture of colchicum root, " camphor, each, three fl. 
ounces. 
Mix. As an embrocation, in gout,rheumatism, and neuralgia. Leycock. 
COLLINSONIA. 
Horse-Balm. 
The Collinsonia Canadensis is a native plant, found in most parts of this country, in woods; it is from two to three feet in height. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 39. Griffith, Med. Bot. 513. The whole plant has a strong, peculiar, unpleasant odor, and a warm, pungent taste : these are most developed in the root; this is knotty and hard. It is diuretic, diaphoretic, and tonic; and is popularly used in diseases of the bladder, leucorrhoea, and dropsy, and externally as a fomentation to wounds, ulcers, &c. 
Decoction of Horse-Balm. 
R. Horse-balm root, bruised, two ounces. Water, two pints. 
Boil for half an hour, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful, every two hours, in dropsy. 
Tincture of Horse-Balm. 
R. Bruised horse-balm root, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. 
Oil of Horse-Balm. 
R. Horse-balm, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Distil, return product, and redistil, eollcct product. Dose, live to ten drops. 
COLLODIUM. See Gossypium. 
COLOCYNTHIS. 
COLOCYNTH. 
Colocynth is the dried pulp of the fruit of Citrullus colocynthis, a cucurbitaceous vine found in many parts of Asia and Africa. The fruit is a round pepo, of the size and color of an orange, with a thin, but hard rind, and containing numerous seeds, enveloped in a white, spongy pulp. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Cucurbitaceae. 
Royle, Mat. Med. 396. Griffith, Med. Bot. 806. 
It occurs in the shops in white, round, light balls, composed of a spongy, dried pulp, enclosing numerous seeds. This spongy substance has a faint odor, but an intensely bitter and nauseous taste. It is a powerful drastic and hydragogue purgative, and is seldom given alone. Dose, five to ten grains. 


199 
COLOCYNTHIS 
Powder of Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth, one to three grains. Gum Arabic,") Liquorice, >¦ each, five grains. Sugar, ) 
Mix. As a hydragogue purgative. Augustin. 
Extract of Colocynth. 
R. Sliced colocynth, one pound. Distilled water, two gallons. 
Mix, and boil over a slow fire for six hours, occasionally adding more water. Strain while hot, and evaporate to proper consistence. Ed. Ph. 
R. Sliced colocynth, three pounds. Distilled water, half a gallon. 
Macerate for thirty-six hours, occasionally pressing with the hand. Express strongly, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, from five grains to half a drachm. R. Colocynth pulp, * at will. Diluted alcohol, nine grains. Macerate the pulp in a sufficiency of menstruum to cover it for twenty-four hours, displace till exhausted, and evaporate to the proper consistence. This extract is more active than the aqueous preparation. W. Procter. 
Compound Extract op Colocynth. R. Colocynth sliced, six ounces. Powdered aloes, twelve ounces. 
, " scammony, four ounces. " cardamom, one ounce. Castile soap, three ounces. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. 
Macerate the colocynth in the alcohol, with a mild heat for four days, express, and filter; then add the aloes, scammony, and soap; evaporate to proper consistence, and add the cardamom. U. S. Ph. 
A valuable and safe cathartic. In small doses, laxative. Dose, five to twenty grains. 
Compound Cathartic Pills. 
(Antibilious Pills.) R. Compound extract of colocynth, powdered, half an ounce. Extract of jalap, in powder, Calomel, each, three drachms. Gamboge, in powder, two scruples. Mix, and with water form mass, to be divided into one hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 
A most excellent cathartic, when it is wished to act on the biliary organs. Dose, one to three or four pills. Each pill contains one grain of calomel. 
Compound Pills of Colocynth. R. Aloes, 
Scammony, each, eight parts. Powdered colocynth, four parts. Sulphate of potassa, Oil of cloves, each, one part. Rectified spirit, sufficient. 
Pulverize the aloes, scammony, and sulphate of potassa, together; mix the colocynth with them, add oil of cloves, and with the rectified spirit beat into a mass, to be divided into five grain pills. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. R. Compound extract of colocynth, one scruple. Resin of jalap, six grains. Compound powder of scammony, Calomel, each, ten grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Castile soap, five grains. Oil of cinnamon, four drops. 
Beat well together, and form fifteen pills. Dose, one to three, at bedtime. Meigs. 
R. Extract of colocynth, two drachms. Resin of jalap, one drachm. 
Soap, one drachm and a half. 
Guaiacum, three drachms. 
Tartar emetic, eight grains. Oil of juniper, " rosemary, each, four drops. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into four-grain pills. Dose, one to three. . Barclay. 
Pills of Colocynth and Henbane. R. Extract of colocynth, two parts. " henbane, one part. Beat together, with a few drops nf rectified spirit, and divide into five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, five to twenty grains. 
Colocynth Clyster. 
R. Extract of colocynth, one scruple. Common salt, three drachms. Syrup of dogtoothgrass, one ounce and a half. Infusion of chamomile, five ounces. 
In cerebral affections. Phoebus. 
Colocynth Mixture. 
R. Colocynth, one drachm Boiling water, six ounces 
Boil for ten minutes, strain, and add, when cold, 
Hoffmann's anodyne, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, one ounce 


200 
COLOMBA 
Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in ascites, or hydrothorax. Augustin. 
Tincture op Colocynth. 
R. Colocynth, eight parts. Star anise, one part. Alcohol, ninety-six parts. 
Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, fifteen to twenty drops. Van Mons. 
Tincture op Colocynth Mixture. 
R. Tincture of colocynth, two drachms. • Solution of antimoniated 
soap, (Cod. Hamb.'), six drachms 
Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops a-day, in lepra and obstinate cutaneous affections. Heim. 
COLOMBA. 
Columbo. 
Columbo is the root of Cocculus palmatus, a climbing plant, a native of Mozambique. Sex. Syst. Dioec. hexand. Nat. Syst. Menispermacefle. 
Hooker, Bot. Mag. 2970-71. Griffith, Med. Bot. 103. 
As found in the shops, the root is in round slices, externally of a brown, wrinkled appearance, internally yellow. It is somewhat aromatic, and has a very bitter taste. It is an excellent bitter tonic, with no astringency. It is useful in diseases where the pure bitters are required, and generally agrees with the stomach. Dose, in powder, is from ten to thirty grains. 
Powder of Columbo and Iron. 
R. Powdered columbo, Subcarbonate of iron, I each, one Powdered rhubarb, f drachm. « ginger, J Mix, and make twelve powders; one to be taken every four hours. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder of Columbo and Magnesia. 
R. Powdered columbo, ten grains Magnesia, two scruples. 
Mix for a dose. In cardialgia. BrugnateUi. 
Powder op Columbo and Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Tartrate of iron and 
potassa, two scruples. Powdered columbo, half a drachm. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One every three or four hours, in syrup. Ellis. 
Compound Pills op Columbo. 
R. Powdered columbo, four scruples. Opium, four grains. Oil of peppermint, ten drops. Syrup of pinks, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form thirty pills. Two, three times a-day, in spasmodic vomiting. St. Marie. 
R. Powdered columbo, one drachm. " rhubarb, two scruples. Extract of chamomile, two drachms. Oil of caraway, five drops. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into pills of four grains. Four to be taken a-day, in mania with amenorrhoea. Augustin. 
Infusion of Columbo. 
R. Bruised columbo, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
Infusion of Columbo and Ginger. R. Bruised columbo, one ounce 
one ounce. 
" ginger, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful cold, every two hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Ellis. 
Infusion of Columbo, Rhubarb, &c. R. Bruised caraway, 
" columbo, " rhubarb, each, one scruple. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Digest for two hours, and strain. 
R. To strained liquid, three and a half fl. 
ounces; Add 
Tincture of rhubarb, one fl. drachm. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, in diarrhoea. Ellis. 
Mixture op Columbo. 
R. Columbo, half a drachm. Boil in 
Water, three to five fl. ounces. Strain, and add 
Carbonate of potassa, ten grains. Lemon juice, three fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, twelve drops. Mix. A tea to a tablespoonful, every hour, as an anti-emetic. Ellis. 


201 
COMPTONIA —CONIUM. 
Compound Decoction op Columbo. R. Columbo, 
Quassia, each, two drachms. Orange peel, one drachm. Rhubarb, one scruple. Subcarbonate of potassa, half a drachm. "Water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Boil down to a pint, strain, and add Tincture of lavender, half fl. ounce. 
Coxe. 
Extract of Columbo. 
R. Bruised columbo, two parts. Alcohol, three parts. Water, nine parts. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. Cottereau. 
Tincture of Columbo. 
R. Columbo, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U.S. Ph. Dose, one to four fl. drachms. 
Mixture of Columbo and Cascarilla. 
R. Powdered columbo, half an ounce. Water, ten fl. ounces. 
Boil to six ounces, add, towards close, Cascarilla, two drachms. 
Strain, and add 
Tincture of orange peel, two drachms. Syrup of cinnamon, one ounce. 
A spoonful every hour, in chronic diarrhoea. Berends. 
Mixture op Columbo and Salep. R. Extract of columbo, one drachm. Decoction of salep, three ounces. Fennel sugar, two scruples. Mix.. Two spoonfuls a-day, in the diarrhoea of children. Wendt. 
COMPTONIA. 
Sweet Fern. 
A shrubby, indigenous plant, found in the northern and middle states. 
Sex. Syst. Monoec. triand. Nat. Syst. Myricaceffi. 
Aiton, Hort. Kev. iii. 334. Griffith, Med. Bot. 584. 
It is aromatic, especially when bruised. It is a mild astringent, and is used in bowel complaints, in the form of decoction. 
CONIUM. 
Hemlock. 
This is an umbelliferous, poisonous plant, the Conium maculatum, a native of Europe, but naturalized in many parts of this country, growing in waste places. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 349. Griffith, Med. Bot 339. Both the seeds and the leaves are used. The 
latter have a strong, unpleasant, narcotic odor, and a somewhat bitterish taste; the seeds possess these qualities in a less degree. They are both narcotic, but neither stimulant nor sedative, and are given in a variety of complaints, to alleviate, especially in malignant tumors, in which they are thought to exert a curative influence. The dose, in powder, is from three to four grains of the leaves; and of the seeds rather less; twice a-day, gradually increasing. The active principle, conia, is seldom used. 
Powder of Hemlock. 
R. Powdered hemlock, five grains. " liquorice, six grains. 
Make a powder, to be taken three times a-day. In scirrhous affections, scrofula, old ulcers, &c. 
Fecula op Hemlock 
R. Hemlock juice, at will. Place on the fire, remove the coagulum, wash it well, dry, and pulverize. Dose, five to twenty grains. t Van Mons. 
Extract op Hemlock. 
R. Fresh hemlock leaves, one pound. Bruise in a stone mortar, sprinkling on them a little water; express the juice, heat to boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two grains, morning and evening, gradually increased till it affects the system. 
Alcoholic Extract of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, in coarse powder, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Moisten powder with half a pmt of the alcohol, and allow to macerate for twenty-four hours; place in percolating apparatus and add remainder of alcohol; when this has disappeared, add water so as to keep powder covered. Stop process when the liquid passing, causes precipi tate in that previously obtained. Distil off al cohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph 
Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day, gradually increasing. 


202 
CONIUM 
Pills of Hemlock and Ipecacuanha. Rt Extract of hemlock, 
Dover's powder, each,' ten grains. Mix, and form five pills. Two at bedtime, in pulmonary irritation, with rheumatic and other local pains. Ellis. 
R. Extract of hemlock, five drachms. Powdered ipecacuanha, one drachm. Molasses, sufficient. 
Mix. Dose, four or five grains. Lond. Fh. 
Pills of Hemlock and Calomel. R. Extract of hemlock, two scruples. Calomel, fifteen grains. Mix, and form fifteen pills. One, three times a-day, in syphiloid affections. Ellis. 
Pills of Hemlock and Dandelion. 
R. Extract of hemlock, "1 " dandelion, I each, one Gum Arabic, I drachm. Soap, J Honey, sufficient. 
Mix, and form three-grain pills. In glandular and other tumors. Brera. 
Infusion of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse and strain. As a wash to cancerous and malignant ulcers. Ellis. 
Hemlock Collutory. 
Wo drachms. 
R. Hemlock leaves, 
Poppy seed, one drachm. 
Henbane seed, half a drachm. 
Milk, half a pint. 
Boil slightly, and strain. In rheumatic toothache. Phosbus. 
Tincture of Hemlock. 
R. Hemlock leaves, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 
Ethereal Tincture of Hemlock. R. Hemlock leaves, one par 
one part. 
Sulphuric ether, four parts. 
Macerate for two days, and filter. Soubeiran. 
Ointment of Hemlock. Tjt. Fresh hemlock leaves, Prepared lard, each, one pound 
Boil till the leaves become crisp, then express through linen. Lond. Fh. 
R. J nice of hemlock leaves, one part. Lard, four parts. 
Boil till moisture is expelled, and express through a cloth. As a dressing to painful ulcers. Smediaur. 
Oil of Hemlock, 
R. Fecula of hemlock, one part. Olive oil, four parts. 
Mix, and strain. As a friction to the abdomen in ileus, and to the anus in hemorrhoids. Van Mons. 
Hemlock Plaster. 
R Elemi, two parts. White wax, one part. Melt together, and add Alcoholic extract of hemlock, nine parts. As an application to painful ulcers and malignant tumors. GuibourL R. Juice of hemlock, twelve parts. Powdered hemlock, six parts. Evaporate to a pasty consistence, and add to a melted mixture of Yellow wax, ten parts. Turpentine, four parts. Olive oil, six parts. Used as above. Pideret. 
Compound Hemlock Plaster. 
R. Yellow wax, eight parts. Resin, sixteen parts. Fecula of hemlock, forty-eight parts. Melt together, and add a melted mixture of 
Ammoniac, four parts. Turpentine, one part. 
Stir well till cold. Used as above. Van Mons. 
R. Hemlock plaster, one ounce. 
Burgundy pitch, Diachylon, each, half an ounce. 
Mix, and spread, then sprinkle with from six to twelve grains of tartar emetic, according to the age of the patient. Said to be very useful in hooping-cough. 
R. Soap plaster, one ounce. 
Extract of hemlock, half an ounce. Powdered belladonna, two drachms. 
Mix. Hamburg Cod. 
Cataplasm op Hemlock. R. Powdered hemlock, Linseed meal, each, one ounce. Fecula of hemlock, Boiling water, each, sufficient. 


203 
CONTRAYERVA 
Mix. As an application to cancerous and other painful ulcers. Guibourt. 
R. Hemlock leaves, a handful. Henbane leaves, half a handful. Lard, half an ounce. Rose oil, one ounce. 
Decoction of mallows, sufficient. Mix, and boil to the consistence of a cataplasm. Pierquin. 
R. Powdered hemlock, two ounces. Carrot juice, one pound. Tincture of opium and saffron, three drachms* Linseed meal, sufficient. Make a cataplasm. In cancerous ulcers. Pideret. 
Mixture op Hemlock and Paregoric. R. Extract of hemlock, one drachm. Paregoric elixir, Syrup of tolu, each, half fl. ounce. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. From half to a teaspoonful once in four hours, to a child a year old, watching the effect, in pertussis. Pearson. 
Suppository op Hemlock. R. Extract of hemlock, White wax, each, one part. Butter of cocoa, four parts 
Mix. In painful hemorrhoids and spasms of the rectum. Beral. 
Beral. 
Solution op Conia. 
R. Conia, two parts- Distilled water, two hundred parts. Alcohol, thirteen parts. 
Mix. Used in scrofulous ophthalmia, and intolerance of light, by frictions around the orbits several times a-day. Fronmuller. 
CONTRAYERVA. 
Contrayerva. 
Contrayerva is the root of Dorstenia contrayerva, and other species, all natives of South America, Mexico, and the West Indies. They are perennial, dwarf, herbaceous plants, usually growing in high, rocky places. j Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Moraceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 124. Griffith, Med. Bot. 577. The root is oblong, hard, rough, and solid, of a reddish-brown color, with numerous, long, yellowish fibres. It has an aromatic odor, and a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. It is a stimulant, tonic, and diaphoretic, and has been found useful in low states of the system. The dose of the powder is about half a drachm. 
Compound Powder op Contrayerva. R. Powdered contrayerva, six drachms. Virginia snakeroot, two drachms. Prepared chalk, one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, as a tonic. Spielmann. 
Extract op Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one part. Boiling water, six parts. 
Infuse for three days, boil, strain, express, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one 1o two scruples. Palat. Cod. 
Decoction op Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, bruised, one drachm. Water, one pint. 
Boil for ten minutes, and strain- Taddei. 
Gargle op Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, half an ounce. Figs, one ounce. 
Water, eighteen fl. ounces. Mix, and boil down to two-thirds. Saunders. 
Tincture op Contrayerva. 
R. Contrayerva, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Digest in one-half the alcohol for four days, strain and digest with the other half of tho alcohol; strain, and filter the unfed liquids. Dose, thirty to forty drops. Guibourt. 
Compound Tincture op Contra, yerva. 
R. Contrayerva, Virginia snakeroot, each, one ounce and a half. 
Juniper berries, one ounce. 
Spirit of ammonia, six fl. ounces. Alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for four days, express, and filter. Dose, forty to eighty drops, as a stimulating diaphoretic. Lip. Dispen. 
Contrayerva Mixture. 
R. Powdered contrayerva, eight grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Nutmeg water, two fl. drachms. Syrup of cinnamon, three fl. drachms. 
Mix. A spoonful as a stomachic. Swediaur. R. Gum tragacanth, 
Comp. contrayerva powder, each, one scruple. Distilled water, one fl ounce 


204 
CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS —COPAIBA. 
Cinnamon water, three fl. drachms. Syrup of saffron, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a quieting draught for a woman after delivery. Merriman. 
CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. 
Wild Potato. 
This is a native plant, with a large perennial root, found in sandy soils in most parts of the United States. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Convolvulaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 219. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Ipomaea) 476. The root, as found in the shops, is in circular pieces, of a yellowish-brown color, scarcely any smell, and a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste. It is feebly cathartic, but is said to be a good diuretic in calculous complaints. Dose, as purgative, forty grains. As a diuretic, it is given in decoction. 
COPAIBA. 
Copaiba—Copaiva. 
This is the juice of Copaifera officinalis and other species, all large trees, natives of South America, and principally of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 557. Griffith, Med. Bot. 264'. This juice is clear and transparent, of a pale yellowish color; a peculiar and somewhat unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, pungent, nauseous taste. It is rather less consistent 
than olive oil when fresh, but, by age, becomes thicker, and may even assume the solidity of a resin. It is stimulant, diuretic, and cathartic, and is principally used in morbid discharges from mucous surfaces, especially those of the genito-urinary organs. The dose is from twenty drops to a fl. drachm, three times a-day. 
Boluses op Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, two drachms Gum Arabic, one ounce 
Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and form mass. Dose, a scruple to two scruples. Radius. R. Copaiba, one ounce. 
one ounce 
Calcined magnesia, one drachm Opium, four grains. Powdered cubebs, three drachms. Syrup of poppies, sufficient. 
Mix, and divide into boluses of half a drachm. Two to be taken at night, in gonorrhoea. Hentehel 
Pills of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, Magnesia, (freshly prepared), 
two ounces. 
one drachm 
Mix, and set aside, till it concretes into a pilular mass; this to be divided into two hundred pills. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two to six, two or three times a-day. R. Copaiba, 
Powdered cubebs, each, one drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and divide into three-grain pills. Five to ten a-day. Hildenbrand. 
R. Copaiba, one ounce. 
Dragon's blood, half an ounce. Calomel, one drachm. Conserve of roses, four ounces. 
Mix, and make pills of six grains. Dose, from three to five a-day. Foy. 
Pills op Copaiba and Cubebs. R. White wax, two drachms. 
Melt, by a gentle heat, and add 
Copaiba, half an ounce. Powdered cubebs, one ounce. 
Incorporate well, and divide into two hundred and forty pills. Berens. 
Pills op Copaiba, Cubebs, and Turpentine. 
R. Oil of copaiba, " cubebs, " turpentine, each, one fl. drachm. Magnesia, two drachms. 
Mix, and form sixty pills. 
This is said to be an excellent preparation. It was communicated by Mr. Procter, who is unacquainted with the author of it. 
Copaiba Confection. R. Turpentine, oi 
one ounce 
Copaiba, half an ounce. Mix well, in a warmed mortar, and add 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, one ounce. Conserve of roses, four ounces. 
Dose, two to three drachms, three times a-day, in obstinate gonorrhoea. Swediaur. 
R. Copaiba, Powdered cubebs, each, four drachms and a half. 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Conserve of roses, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a-day Voghu R. Copaiba, Powdered cubebs, each, two ounces. " alum, one ounce. 
Opium, five grains. Incorporate well. One drachm to be taken in the pulp of a prune, night and morning, and rapidly increased to two drachms. Is very effectual in gonorrhoea. Berton. 


205 
COPAIBA 
i 
Emulsion of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, Muoilage gum Arabic, each, 
two ounces. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub the copaiba gradually with the mucilage in a mortar, add the water by degrees, constantly rubbing. Beral. 
Injection op Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, two drachms. Mucilage of gum Arabic, half an ounce. 
Lime water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix well. As an injection in ulcers of the rectum, vagina, or urethra. ' Abernethy. 
R. Copaiba, half an ounce. 
Yolk of egg, sufficient. 
Lime water, six ounces. 
Honey of roses, three ounces. 
Mix. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. Plenck. 
Copaiba Mixture. 
R. Copaiba, Sweet spirit of nitre, each, 
half a fl. ounce. 
Powdered gum Arabic, " sugar, each, one drachm. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day in gonorrhoea. Chapman. 
R. Copaiba, Powdered cubebs, each, half an ounce. Gum Arabic, two drachms. Paregoric elixir, half a fl. ounce. Sugar, two drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours. Ellis. 
R. Copaiba, half an ounce. Mint water, ~) Alcohol, >• each, half a fl. ounce. Syrup, J Sweet spirit of nitre, half a fl. drachm. 
Mix. To be taken in four doses in a day, followed by demulcent drinks. In chronic gonorrhoea. Ellis. 
R. Copaiba, Sweet spirit of nitre, each, half a fl. ounce. 
Compound spirit of lavender, Laudanum, each, one fl. drachm. 
Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day in gonorrhoea. Chapman. 
R. Copaiba half an ounce. Mucilage of gum Arabic, two ounces. Clarified honey, six drachms. Solution of potassa, two drachms. Essence of lemon, half a drachm. Rose water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two to three spoonfuls, three times a-day. Stephenson. 
R. Copaiba, one drachm and a half. Powdered kino, one scruple. Mucilage of gum Arabic, two drachms. Syrup of rhatany, one ounce. 
Decoction of chamomile, four ounces. Mix. A spoonful every hour or two. Foy. 
R. Copaiba, half a drachm. Tincture of allspice, Syrup of mallows, each, two drachms. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Water, one ounce. Mix. To be taken morning and evening. Saunders. 
R. Copaiba, "1 Syrup of lemon, I each, one Mint water, ( ounce. Orange-flower water, J Sulphuric acid, one drachm. Tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix. A spoonful, morning and evening. Delpech. R. Copaiba, ") , , , c Balsam of Tolu, /each, half an Powdered gum Arabic, ) ounce. Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. Distilled wafer, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, in chronic hoopingcough. Ellis 
R. Copaiba, one drachm. Carbonate of potassa,, thirty grains. Extract of Peruvian 
bark, twenty grains. Gum Arabic, twelve grains. Aloes, two grains. Syrup of capillaire, two ounces. Cinnamon water, Mint water, each, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. JPose, a wineglassful, several times a-day as an anthelmintic. Fierquin. 
Copahine-Mege. 
R. Oxidized copaiba, eighty parts. Powdered cubebs, • Carbonate of soda, each, eight parts. Calcined magnesia, five parts. 


206 
COPT IS — CORIANDRUM. 
Mix, and let the mixture i*and till solidified, and then make into small masses, which are to be covered with sugar. Dose, four or five, three times a-day. Oxidized copaiba is prepared by treating copaiba with nitric acid, and then washing with water. Joseau. 
Tincture of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. 
Digest for several days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, Guibourt. 
Alkaline Tincture of Copaiba. R. Copaiba, one ounc 
one ounce. 
Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 
Digest, and filter. Dose, twenty-five to fifty drops. Brunswick Ph. 
Compound Tincture op Copaiba. R. Copaiba, one ounc 
one ounce. 
Guaiacum, two drachms. Oil of sassafras, half a drachm. Alcohol, four and a half fl. ounces. 
Digest with a gentle heat; filter. Foy. Dose, a drachm, in some infusion. 
R. Copaiba, one ounce and a half. Balsam Peru, half an ounce. Carbonate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Cut saffron, two drachms. Alcohol, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Mix, and digest for three days, and filter. Two spoonfuls, two or three times a-day, in water or in wine. Wirtemberg Ph. 
Oil of Copaiba. 
R. Copaiba, one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Distil, return product several times, and redistil ; separate oil. Ed. Ph. Dose, ten to thirty drops, rubbed up with mucilage and water. 
Copaiba Clyster. 
R. Copaiba, one to four drachms. Extract of opium, one grain. Yolk of egg, one. 
Decoction of mal- 
lows, four to six fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, as a clyster in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. 
Copaiba Paste. 
R. Sweet almonds, 
six drachms. 
Mallow paste, one drachm. 
Catechu, half a drachm. 
Copaiba, three drachms. 
Rub together into a paste. Dose, a spoonful. 
Plioebus. 
COPTIS. 
* Goldthread. 
The root of Coptis trifolia, a small evergreen plant, found in the more northern parts of both continents, in wet and boggy situations. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranunculacese. 
Salisbury, Linn. Trans, viii. 305. Griffith, Med. Bot. 87. 
The roots, which are the parts used, are long, slender, orange-yellow, with no smell, but a strong, and purely bitter taste. It is a simple tonic bitter, with no astringency. It is used as a stomachic, and as a local application to aphthous sore mouth. Dose, in powder, ten to thirty grains. 
Infusion of Goldthread. R. Goldthread, one ( 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for an hour, and strain. Dose, half fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. Dunglison. 
Tincture of Goldthread. R. Goldthread, one ( 
one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm to three fl. drachms. Wood. 
CORIANDRUM. 
Coriander. 
This is the fruit of Coriandrum sativum, an annual plant, a native of the south of Europe, but naturalized in many other parts of that quarter of the world, and also extensively cultivated. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacece. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 367. Griffith, Me'd. Bot. 341. The fruit is somewhat globular, of a grayish, or brownish-yellow color, and often separated into two portions, or mericarps. It has a pleasant aromatic smell and taste. It is principally used as an adjuvant to other articles, to disguise their taste, or to modify their griping qualities. Dose, from a scruple to a drachrn. 
Compound Powder op Coriander. R. Powdered cori- 
ander, one drachm and a half. Ivory filings, *) Burnt hartshorn, >• each, one scruple. Prepared chalk, ) Powdered cinnamon, half a scruple. Sugar of roses, sufficient. 
Mix well. A teaspoonful, after eating, as a 
stomachic. 
Fierquin. 


207 
CORNU—CORNUS SERICEA. 
R. Powdered coriander, " rhubarb, " columbo, each, ten grains. Mix. To be taken at bedtime, in dyspepsia with flatulence and costiveness. Stomachic. Ainslie. Tincture op Coriander. R. Coriander, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Macerate for a week, and filter. Beral. 
Compound Water op Coriander. R. Coriander, eight ounces. Citron water, one fl. ounce. Nutmeg, ~\ Storax, >• each, half an ounce. Benzoin, ) Vanilla, three drachms. Alcohol, forty-eight fl. ounces. Macerate for two days, and distil. Dose, half fl. ounce, as a stomachic and carminative. Spielmann. 
CORNU. 
Hartshorn. 
This is officinally the horn of the Cervus elaphas, or European stag; but that of our native species has the same properties. It is found in the shops, in the form of shavings, which are of a yellowish-white color, friable, and without smell or taste. They consist principally of gelatine and phosphate of lime, and are employed to make a jelly, which is not superior to any other animal jelly. 
Hartshorn Jelly. 
R. Hartshorn shavings, four ounces. Water, eight ounces. Muriatic acid, one drachm. 
Beat together for ten minutes, wash in two or three waters, boil with fresh water for half an hour, express, strain, and add 
Sugar, four ounces. Boil down sufficiently for the mixture to jelly, on cooling. Ferrez. 
Compound Jelly of Hartshorn. 
R. Hartshorn jelly, eight ounces. Paste of sweet almonds, one ounce. Sugar, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, one drachm. Essence of citron, twelve drops. 
Mix, and heat; then permit to cool. Guibourt. 
Burnt Hartshorn. 
R. Burn pieces of hartshorn in an open vessel, till quite white; powder, and prepare like prepared chalk. Lond. Ph. Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. 
Dentifrice op Burnt Hartshorn. 
R. Powdered burnt hartshorn, one ounce Orris root, .two drachms. 
Dragon's blood, one drachm. 
Oil of roses, two drops. 
Mix. Steph. Sf Church. 
CORNUS. Dogwood. 
CORNUS CIRCINATA. Round-leaved Dogwood. 
A large shrub, native of the United States, with a bitter, astringent, aromatic bark. 
CORNUS FLORIDA. 
Dogwood. 
A small tree found in most parts of the United States, flowering early in the spring. The bark, especially of the root, has a bitter, astringent, somewhat aromatic taste, and a faint odor. 
CORNUS SERICEA. 
Swamp Dogwood. 
A large shrub, like the others, a native of this country, with a bark of the same qualities. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. CornaceBB. 
The barks of these shrubs and trees are tonic and astringent, and are said to have much the same properties as Peruvian bark, and may be used as a substitute for it. They are, however, much inferior. ,The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. 
Decoction op Dogwood. 
R. Dogwood bark, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint. 
Boil for half an hour, and strain. A wineglassful every hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. ' U. S. Ph. 


208 
COTULA—CREASOTUM. 
R. Dogwood bark, Sassafras bark, each, six ounces. Water, eight pints. 
Boil, and strain. Given as above. Niemann. 
Pills of Round-leaved Dogwood. R. Extract of round-leaved dogwood, one drachm and a half. Powdered ginger, ten grains. Dried carbonate of soda, ten grains. Mix, and form twenty-four pills. Reece. 
Wine of Round-leaved Dogwood. R. Extract of round-leaved dogwood, three drachms. White wine, one pint and a half. Digest for fourteen days, and filter. Reece. 
COTULA. 
Mayweed. 
A small annual syngenesious plant, a native of Europe, and extensively naturalized in the United States. It is the Maruta cotula of botanists. (Anthemis cotula. Linn.) 
Sex. Syst. Syng. frust. Nat. Syst. AsteraceDB. De Candolle, Prod. vi. 13. Griffith, Med. Bot. 39!). 
The whole herb has a strong, unpleasant smell, and a bitter, warm taste. It has much the same properties as chamomile as an internal remedy, and may be used as a substitute for it; but its disagreeable odor renders it nauseous to most persons. It is also employed in arnenorrhcea, and as an antispasmodic. It is usually given in infusion. 
Infusion of Mayweed. 
R. Mayweed, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for a quarter of an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. Used in same cases, and in same manner as infusion of chamomile. 
Cataplasm of Mayweed, 
R. Mayweed, fresh, at will. Bruise, or cut very fine. When applied as a cataplasm, it produces redness and vesication as rapidly as Spanish flies. Ashley. 
CREASOTUM. 
Creasote. 
A peculrar substance, analogous to the volatile oils, existing in the products of the distillation of wood. It is a colorless, oleaginous fluid, of a burning, caustic taste, and of an odor resembling that of smoked meat. It is corrosive, 
but, in a diluted state, is an effectual preserver of animal substances. It is irritant, narcotic, styptic, &c, and has been employed in a variety of diseases, both internally and as a local application. 
Creasote. 
R. Tar, at will. Distil, changing the recipients several times, till the residue has the consistence of pitch; agitate the heavy oil that passes with a little concentrated sulphuric acid; then mix it with its own volume of water, and rectify in small retorts; dissolve the product which sinks to the bottom in a hot solution of potassa, aided by a gentle heat; when it cools, add a slight excess of sulphuric acid, separate the oil, and distil it in small quantities at a time; again rectify it two or three times. Dose, one to two drops, mixed with water. 
Creasote Mixture 
R. Creasote, six drops. Powdered mallow, Sugar, each, one drachm. 
Mix well, and divide into three powders, to be taken during the day. In hemoptysis and phthisis. Radius. 
Creasote Pills. 
R. Creasote, one drachm. Powdered mallow root, sufficient 
to make one hundred and ten pills. Said to be beneficial in acute rheumatism. Four or five to be taken, morning and evening. Riech. 
R. Creasote, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, one drachm and a half. 
Water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and make pills of two grains. Two, morning and evening, in phthisis and laryngitis. Radius. 
R. Creasote, ten drops. Powdered liquorice, Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty pills. Dose, one, three times a-day. In bronchitis, neuralgia, &c. Ellis. 
R. Creasote, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, Galbanum, each, half a drachm. Powdered mallows, two drachms. 
Form mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Six, four times a-day, in phthisis. Riech. 
Alcoholic Solution of Creasote. R. Creasote, one part. Alcohol, sixteen parts. 


209 
CROCUS. 
0 
Mix. A drop or two placed in the cavity of an aching tooth, will afford relief. Marinus. R. Creasote, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. Used with water as a mouth-wash, to correct fetor of the mouth, and to check caries of the teeth. Buchner. R. Creasote, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, one fl. ounce and a half. Tincture of cochineal, six fl. drachms. Oil of mint, thirty-six drops. Mix. Used as above. Ringhini. 
Creasote Lotion. 
R. Creasote, half a drachm. 
Water, five ounces. 
Mix. As a lotion in psora, &c. Radius. R. Creasote, ten drops. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. 
Water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to phagedenic ulcerations and chancres. Short. 
Creasote Colltjtory. 
R. Creasote, three drops. Compound spirit of lavender, twenty drops. Distilled water, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. Black. 
R. Creasote, four drops. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. In irritation of the gums. Fremanger. 
R. Creasote, .half a fl. drachm. 
Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce and a half. Camphor water, two fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. To be used every two hours in aphthous ulceration of the mouth. Magendie. 
Creasote Mixture. « 
R. Creasote, Acetic acid, each, sixteen drops. Compound spirit of juniper, Syrup, each, one fl. ounce. Water, fourteen fl. ounces. 
Mix the creasote with the acid, gradually add the water, and then the spirit and syrup. Ed, Ph. 
Dose, one fl. ounce. 
R. Creasote, two to four drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one ounce. Infusion of salep, five ounces. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours in the colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis. Radius. 
14 
R. Creasote, five drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, three fl. ounces. Syrup of mallows, one fl. drachm. Mix. A spoonful every three hours in hemoptysis. Sanloni. 
R. Creasote, one drop. Camphor water, Compound infusion of gentian, each, six fl. drachms. Mix. To check vomiting. Sanloni. 
Creasote Ointment. 
R. Creasote, half a fl. drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
31elt the lard, add the creasote, and stir till cold 
U. S. Ph. 
As nn application in scaly, cutaneous eruptions, ulcers, &c. 
R. Simple cerate, Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. Creasote, thirty drops. 
Mix. As an application in scrofulous caries. Fremanger. 
Compound Ointment of Creasote. R. Creasote, 
Solution of subacetate of 
lead, each, ten drops. Extract of opium, one grain and a. half. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to chilblains. Devergie. 
R. Creasote, half a drachm. Purified animal charcoal, one drachm. Alcohol, one fl. drachm and a half. Spermaceti ointment, one ounce and a half. Mix. Used as an application to burns, to be diluted, if necessary. Sutro. 
CROCUS. 
Saffron. 
Saffron is the stigmas of Crocus sativus, a bulbous-rooted plant, native of Greece, Asia Minor, &c, and extensively cultivated in many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Iridtw. ceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 50. Griffith, Med. Bot. 626. Saffron has a peculiar, sweetish, fragrant odor, a warm, bitter taste, and is of an orange red color. It was atone time much used as an excitant, narcotic aromatic and emmenagogue, but is seldom employed in this country, except as a coloring ingredient in compound prepara tions. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 


210 
CUBEBA 
Pills of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, ") Myrrh, > each, one drachm. Sulphur, J 
Inspissated bile, sufficient. Mix, and form one hundred and fifty pills. Dose, twelve a-day, as an emmenagogue. Phoebus. 
Tincture of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, cut fine, two ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Digest for fourteen days, express, and filter. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms- 
Compound Tincture of Saffron. R. Saffron, one ounc 
one ounce. 
Myrrh, two ounces. Socotrine aloes, ten ounces. 
Cinnamon, ~\ Mace, > each, half an ounce. Nutmeg, ) Orange-flower water, one pint. Alcohol, sixteen pints. 
Digest for two days, and distil off eight pints. Cottereau. 
Elixir de Garus. 
R. Compound tincture of saffron, eight pints. Syrup of maidenhair, ten pints. Mix, color with caramel, dissolved in 
Orange-flower water, eight fl. ounces. Used as a stomachic and carminative. Foy. 
Infusion of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, two drachms. 
Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse, and strain. Advised in debility of the digestive organs. Beral. 
Syrup of Saffron. 
R. Saffron, five drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. White sugar, three pounds. Alcohol, two and a half fl. ounces. 
Macerate the saffron in the water for twelve hours, strain, and add the sugar. When the syrup is cool add the spirit. Lond. Ph. 
Slightly stimulant. 
Saffron Collyrium. 
R. Saffron, one part. Boiling water, two hundred parts. Infuse, strain, and add 
Tincture of opium, one part. 
Phoebus. 
Saffron Ointment. 
R. Cut saffron, one scruple. Camphor, two scruples. Oil of henbane, two drachms. 
Goulard's cerate, six drachms. 
Mix. As an application to painful hemorrhoids. Spielmann. 
CUBEBA. 
Cubebs. 
Cubebs are the berries or fruit of riper at. beba, a climbing perennial vine, native of many parts of the East Indies. Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piperacens. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 90. Griffith, Med. Bot. 567. Cubebs somewhat resemble black pepper, but are of a lighter color, and are furnished with a short stalk. The shell is thin and hard, and the seed round, white, and oily. The taste is acrid, peppery, and camphoraceous; the odor aromatic and pleasant. Cubebs are stimulant, with a special action on the genito-urinary organs, and have been much used in gonorrhoea, ieucorrhoea, &c., and have also been found useful in piles, bronchitis, &c. The dose of the powder is from ten grains to three drachms, according to circumstances. 
Powder of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, half a drachm to one drachm. 
" ipecacuanha, eighth of a 
grain. Oil of peppermint, half a drop. 
Mix. To be taken four times a-day, in gonorrhoea. Schmidt. 
Towder of Cubebs and Ergot. R. Powdered ergot, two scruples. " cubebs, one ounce. 
(t cinnamon, half a drachm. " sugar, ' one drachm. 
Mix, and, divide into eight powders. One to be given three or four times a-day. In gonorrhoea, gleet, Ieucorrhoea, &c. Ryan. 
Powder of Cubebs and Hemlock. R. Powdered cubebs, 
half a drachm to a drachm. 
Extract of hemlock, half a grain. Prepared oyster shell, five grains. 
Mix. To be taken four times a-day in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 
Powder of Cubebs and Alum. R. Powdered cubebs, two ounces. 
" alum, half an ounce. 
Mix, and divide into nine powders. One to be taken three times a-day. Ricord. 


211 
CUBEBA 
Cubeb Lozenges. (Spitta's Lozenges.) 
R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. Balsam of tolu, six grains. 
Mix, and add 
Extract of liquorice, one ounce. Syrup of balsam of Peru, one drachm. Gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Rub well together, and form lozenges of ten grains. One of these, permitted gradually to melt in the mouth, alleviates the obstruction in the nose, in coryza. Spitta. 
Electuary op Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, half an ounce. Clarified honey, sufficient. 
Mix. Three or four teaspoonfuls a-day, in gonorrhoea, mucous discharges from the bladder, &c. Radius. 
R. Powdered cubebs, Copaiba, each, two ounces. Powdered alum, one ounce. 
Extract of opium, five grains. Rub together. Dose, one drachm, night and morning, in the pulp of a prune, rapidly increasing the dose to two drachms. In gonorrhoea. Beral. 
Injection of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Boil, and strain. Add 
Extract of belladonna, one scruple. In gonorrhoea and Ieucorrhoea. Soubeiran. 
Clyster of Cubebs 
R. Powdered cubebs, one to four drachms. Decoction of mallows, six ounces. 
Mix. To be administered night and morning, in gonorrhoea. Foy. 
Fluid Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, one pound. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. 
Introduce the powder into a displacer, insert the lower end into a closely-fitting bottle, add the ether carefully, cover the top of the filter with wet bladder pierced with several pin-holes. The flow should be very gradual. Introduce the tincture into a large retort, and distil, by means of a water-bath, into a well-cooled receiver, till five-sixths have passed over. Continue the evaporation at a heat below 120° F., till the extract is of proper consistence. This is now officinal in the U. S. Ph. The dose is from ten to twentv minims. W. Procter. 
Emulsion op Fluid Extract op Cubebs. 
R. Fluid extract of cubebs, two drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. " sugar, one drachm. Water, three ounces and a half. Mix. A tablespoonful is equal to two drachms of cubebs. W Procter. 
Alcoholic Ethereal Extract op Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, at will. Exhaust by ether, by means of a displacement apparatus, act on residue with diluted alcohol, and distil the two tinctures separately. Evaporate the residue of the alcoholic tincture by means of a water-bath ; add both together, and let the remaining ether evaporate spontaneously. Labelonye. 
Lozenges of Alcoholic-Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Extract of cubebs, eight ounces. Alcohol, two pints. 
Dissolve, and add 
Powdered sugar, one pound. Oil of peppermint, eighteen drops. 
Mix, and allow alcohol to evaporate by a gentle heat; reduce to powder, and add 
Mucilage tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and divide into lozenges of six to eighteen grains. Labelonye. 
Cubeb Mixture. 
R. Powdered cubebs, two.drachms. Carbonate of soda, half a drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, six fl. drachms. Mint water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every hour. Fosbroke. R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. Subnitrate of bismuth, half a drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, half fl. ounce. Syrup, six fl. drachms. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful four times a-day. Fosbroke. 
Both these are recommended in the various affections of mucous membranes. 
R. Powdered cubebs, two drachms. Wine, two ounces. Essence of bergamot, one drop. 
Mix. To be taken every hour or two. Pierquin. 
Tincture oe Cubebs. R. Bruised cubebs, four ounces Diluted alcohol, two piuts 


212 
CUCUMIS—CUPRI SUBACETAS PR^EPARATUM. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two drachms, as a stomachic and carminative, or in advanced stage of gonorrhoea. 
R. Powdered cubebs, four ounces. Spirit of nitric etber, two pints. 
Digest for eight days and filter. Serviceable in sub-acute inflammations of bladder, uterus, and of the mucous lining of the stomach and intestines. Mettauer. 
Syrup of Alcoholic-Ethereal Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Extract of cubebs, three ounces. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Peppermint water, one pint. White sugar, two pounds. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, several times a-day, in a glass of water. Labelonye. 
Oil of Cubebs 
R. Powdered cubebs, one part. Water, two parts. 
Distil, and collect the oil. Giordano. 
Dose, ten to twelve drops, gradually increased. Given in emulsion, or in gelatin capsules. 
Mixture of Oil of Cubebs and Copaiba. 
R. Oil of cubebs, one scruple. Copaiba, two ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a-day. Beral. 
CUCUMIS. 
Cucumber. 
- This is the fruit of the Cucumis sativus, a vine-like plant, cultivated in most parts of the civilized world. 
Sex. Syst. Mon. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Cucurbitaceoe. 
De Cand. Prod. iii. p. 300. 
Cucumber Ointment 
R. Green cucumbers, (fit for the table), seven pounds. Lard, twenty-four ounces. Veal suet, fifteen ounces. Wash and grate the unpared cucumbers, and express the juice. Melt the suet, add the lard, and strain, stirring constantly; as it thickens, add one-third of the juice, and beat with a wooden spatula. The part that separates by standing is decanted, and the other two-thirds nre consecutively incorporated, and decanted in the same manner. It is usual to keep the oint.nent in glass jars, covered with rose water, to w-event access of air. W. Procter, Jr. 
CUNILA. Dittany. 
The whole herb of Cunila mariana. A native plant, found in most places in the United States. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 30. Griffith, Med. Bot. 509. It has a powerful, aromatic odor, and a warm, pungent taste. It is stimulant, carminative, sudorific, and emmenagogue. 
Infusion of Dittany. 
R. Dittany, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse and strain. Used warm, as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. 
Oil of Dittany. 
R. Dittany, at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and separate the oil. As a carminative, in doses of two or three drops, with sugar. 
CUPRUM. 
Copper. 
A brilliant, ductile, malleable metal, of a reddish color, having an unpleasant taste and smell. It is not used in its pure state in medicine, but its salts afford numerous remedial preparations. 
CUPRI ACETAS 
Acetate of Copper. 
R. Pulverized verdigris, Acetic acid, 
at will. 
sufficient. 
Dissolve, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 
Van Mons. 
CUPRI SUBACETAS TUM. 
Verdigris. Prepared Subacetate of Copper. 
R. Verdigris, in powder, at will. Reduce to powder by trituration in a mortar, and separate the finer parts for use by a sieve. Dub. Ph. 
Powder of Verdigris and Savine. R. Verdigris, 
Savine, equal parts. Mix. To be dusted on sores with fungous excrescences. E'dis. 


CUPRI MURIAS 
213 
Pills op Acetate of Copper. 
R. Acetate of copper, fifteen grains. Boiling water, sufficient 
to dissolve; add 
Opium, five grains. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, three to ten, three times a-day. Phoebus. 
Verdigris and Alum. 
R. Verdigris, ~\ Nitre, V each, eight parts Alum, ) Melt together, and add 
Camphor, one to two parts. Much used in Europe as a basis for ophthalmic solutions, under the name of Beer's divine stone. 
Radius. 
Ophthalmic Washes. 
R. Beer's divine 
stone, eight to twelve grains. Water, four fl. ounces and a half. Wine of opium, a fl. scruple to one fl. drachm. Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Benedict. R. Beer's divine stone, 
three to four grains Elder water, one fl. ounce. Tincture of opium, twelve drops Solution of subacetate of lead, 
five drops, 
Mix. Used like the last. Rust. 
Compound Verdigris Lotion. R. Verdigris, 
Burnt alum, each, two drachms Honey, half an ounce White wine, one pint 
Mix. As- a wash for indolent venereal or scorbutic ulcers. Scherf. 
Metz's Balsam, 
R. Linseed oil, 
Olive oil, each, 
six ounces. 
Oil of laurel berries, one ounce, Turpentine, two ounces. 
Melt by a gentle heat, and add 
Powdered aloes, two drachms. " verdigris, three drachms. " white vitriol, one drachm and a half. 
Pour into a bottle, and add Oil of juniper, half an ounce. " cloves, one drachm. Mix. As a dressing to wounds and ulcers. Guibourt. 
Verdigris Ointment. 
R. Verdigris, in fine powder, one drachm. Simple ointment, fifteen drachms. 
Melt the ointment, and add the verdigris, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. Used as a mild escharotic and stimulant to fungous ulcers, to warts, corns, &c, and obstinate cutaneous affections. 
R. Verdigris, two drachms. Oxide of zinc, Camphor, dissolved in alcohol, each, six drachms. Triturate well, and incorporate with a melted mixture of 
Lard, 
Suet, each, two ounces. and stir till cold. 
Recommended in scrofulous ophthalmia. Swediaur. 
Verdigris Plaster. R. Galbanum, one ounce. Pitch, half an ounce. Litharge plaster, two drachms. Melt, and add Verdigris, Muriate of ammonia, each, one ounce. This is a good application to corns and warts. Saxon Ph. 
Egyptian Ointment. 
R. Verdigris, five parts. Purified honey, sixteen parts. Strong vinegar, seven parts. Burnt alum, half a part. 
Mix, and melt by a gentle heat, stirring constantly. This is thought to form an excellent detergent application to ulcers. Giordano. 
Liniment of Verdigris. 
R. Powdered verdigris, one ounce. Vinegar, seven fl. ounces. Honey, fourteen ounces. 
Dissolve the verdigris in the vinegar, strain, gradually add the honey, and boil down to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Used like the last, and also much diluted as a gargle in venereal sore throat. 
CUPRI MURIAS. 
Muriate of Copper. 
R. Chloride of potassium, seven parts Sulphate of copper, eleven and a half parts. 


214 
CUPRUM AMMONIATUM 
Pulverize, mix, and gradually add twelve parts boiling water; on cooling, filter, separate the sulphate of potassa. that forms, then permit the crystals of the muriate to form, separate, and dry. Van Mons. 
Cupreous Ether. 
R. Chloride of barium, ten parts. Sulphate of copper, twelve parts. Sulphuric ether, six parts. 
Triturate the salts together, add the ether, and decant when all the muriate of copper is dissolved. Has been recommended in small doses in epilepsy. Van Mons. 
Muriate of Copper and Ammonia. R. Muriate of copper, 
" ammonia, equal parts. 
Dissolve in water, add liquid ammonia, drop oy drop, as long as any precipitate takes place, and is again dissolved by the addition of more ammonia; filter, and evaporate. Augustin. 
Used in epilepsy, in doses of two to ten grains. 
Solution of Ammoniacal Muriate of Copper and Mercury. 
R. Copper filings, two drachms. Calomel, two ounces. 
Dissolve the copper in two fl. ounces liquid ammonia, and the calomel in two fl. ounces inuri. atic acid, with fifteen drops of nitric acid ; mix the solutions in such proportions that the precipitate that first forms is re-dissolved. Radius. 
Koechlin's Drops. 
R. Solution of ammoniacal muriate of copper and mercury, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, twenty fl. ounces. Mix. Much praised in obstinate venereal affections, scrofula, &c. Dose, a teaspoonful after each meal. Augustin. 
CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. 
Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, half an ounce. Carbonate of ammonia, six drachms. 
Rub together in a glass mortar till effervescence ceases, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Has been used in epilepsy, chorea, hysteria, &c. Dose, a quarter Jo half a grain twice a-day, and gradually increased. 
Solution of Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper, one drachm. Distilled water, one pint. 
Lond. Ph. 
Dissolve and filter. 
As a lotion to foul and indolent ulcers, or internally, in same cases as the powder. 
Injection op Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, five grains. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 
Powder of Ammoniated Copper and Belladonna. 
R. Ammoniated copper, two to four grains. Powdered belladonna 
root, one to four grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and form six powders, one to be taken every two hours, in epilepsy. Hildebrand. 
Pills of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, two grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. 
Mix, and form four pills. One to be taken twice a-day, in epilepsy, gradually increasing the dose. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Ammoniated copper, fifteen grains. Crumb of bread, two scruples. Sugar, one scruple. Liquid ammonia, sufficient. 
Mix, and form thirty pills. Dose, one, three times a-day, gradually increased. In epilepsy. Van Mons. 
Compound Pills of Ammoniated Copper. 
R. Ammoniated copper, Opium, each, ten grains. Extract of dandelion, Powdered mallow, each, two scruples. 
Mix, and form fifty pills. Dose, five, twice a-day, in diabetes. Radius. 
Gargle op Ammoniated Copper. R. Ammoniated copper, eight grains. Savine water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. In chronic sore throat. Kopp. 
Ointment op Ammoniated Copper. R. Solution of ammoniated 
copper, one fl. drachm. Simple cerate, melted, one ounce. 
Mix well. As a stimulant to indolent ulcers. 
Swediaur. 


215 
CUPRI SULPHAS 
CUPRI SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Copper. Powder of Sulphate op Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, twelve grains. Sugar of milk, four scruples. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. Much praised in croup — given as follows: one is to bo administered at once; another dissolved in three spoonfuls of water, one of which is to be taken every hour. Radius. 
R. Sulphate of copper, four grains. Sugar of milk, eight scruples. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders. Two a-day in obstinate diarrhoea. Ellioison. 
Compound Powder of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, * " zinc, Alum, f equal parts. Carbonate of lead, Armenian bole, Melt the first three substances together, pulverize, add the other two articles, and sift. This is a powerful astringent, and has proved useful as a styptic. Cottereau. 
Pills of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, four grains. Extract of cinchona, thirty-two grains. 
Mix, make mass, and divide into sixteen or twenty pills. One to be taken three times a-day, in obstinate intermittcnts. Ellis. 
R. Sulphate of copper, Ipecacuanha, each, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into pills of five grains each. Dose, two to four, every two or three days, in the morning, bcibre eating, in phthisis. ' Foy. 
R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. Powdered calamus, two drachms. Extract of liquorice, Water, each, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into ninety-six pills. Four to seven, two or three times, in the apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Adair. 
Pills of Sulphate op Copper and Opium. 
R. Sulphate of copper, two grains. Opium, four grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, three times a-day, in obstinate intermittents. Chapman. 
Compound Pills of Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, two graius. Alcohol, ext. cascarilla, 
seventeen grains Opium, two graius Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, three times a-day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 
Electuary with Sulphate of Copper. 
R. Sulphate of copper, one scruple. Opium, one grain. Armenian bole, Catechu, each, one drachm and a half. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix. In obstinate diarrhoea. Saunders. 
Gargle with Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper, twenty grains. Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, M catechu, " kino, each, one drachm. " pimpiuella, five drachms. Honey, six drachms. Mix well. In obstinate salivation. Kopp. 
Collyrium op Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper, 
Armenian bole, each, eight grains. Camphor, two grains. Boiling water, eight ft ounces 
Rub well together, permit to settle, and strain. As an application in purulent ophthalmia of infants. Wait. 
R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. Camphor, one drachm. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Rub the camphor with the water, strain, and add sulphate of copper. As a substitute lor the above. Ellis. 
Sulphate op Copper Lotion. R. Sulphate of 
copper, one ounce and a half. Alum, five drachms and a half. Sage leaves, five ounces. Vinegar, one pint Solution of muriate of 
ammonia, two pints 
Boil together for half an hour. Used as an application, in a tepid state, to swellings and contusions. Purmann 


216 
CYDONIUM —CYMINUM. 
Injection of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Dissolve. As an injection in chronic gonorrhoea. Ellis. R. Sulphate of copper, six grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add 
Solution subacetate of 
lead, twenty drops. As a wash and injection in phymosis. Swediaur. 
Ointment of Sulphate of Copper. R. Sulphate of copper, 
Calamine, each, five grains. Camphor, two grains. Fresh butter, two drachms. 
Triturate well together. A small portion to be applied to the edges of the eyelids, in the evening, in psorophthalmia. Rust. 
R. Sulphate of copper, Verdigris, each, two drachms. Alum, half an ounce. Corrosive sublimate, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. 
Burgundy pitch, one pound. Melt the pitch and lard by a gentle heat, and add the other ingredients, stirring till cold. As a dressing to venereal and fungous ulcers. Augustin. R. Powdered sulphate of copper, 
" catechu, each, four drachms. " alum, nine drachms. 
" resin, four ounces. Olive oil, sufficient. 
Make ointment. As an application to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Kerr. 
Sulphate of Copper Styptic. 
R. Sulphate of copper, three grains. Sulphuric acid, twenty drops. Water, two ounces. 
Dissolve. In epistaxis. Twenty to forty drops to be taken in water, every hour. Thatcher. 
CYDONIUM. 
Quince Seeds. 
These seeds are the product of Cydonia vulgaris, a small tree, native of some parts of Europe, but extensively cultivated in this country. The fruit is much used for the purpose of making preserves. Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Poma- 
cese 
Persoon, Enchirid. ii. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot 291. 
The seeds are inodorous, insipid, and abounding with mucilage ; one drachm rendering six ounces of water viscid. Used like the other bland mucilages. 
Decoction op Quince Seeds. 
R. Quince seeds, two drachms. Distilled water, one pint. 
Boil over a slow fire, for ten minutes, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
R. Quince seeds, one ounce. 
Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Digest on hot coals, for two hours; strain. 
Both these are used in ophthalmia, &c. 
Quince Seed Mixture. 
R. Mucilage of quince seeds, one ounce. Yolks of eggs, two. 
Honey of roses, three ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in cough and hoarseness. Sainte Marie. 
Bandoline for the Hair. R. Mucilage of quince 
seeds, eight fl. ounces. Cologne water, or Brandy, eight fl. ounces Mix. 
Used as an application to the hair, to giva gloss and smoothness. 
CYMINUM. 
Cumin. 
Cumin seeds are produced by Cuminum cyminum., an umbelliferous plant, a native of Egypt, but cultivated in southern Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 365. Lindley, Fl. Med. 51. These seeds have a peculiar, strong, heavy odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic taste. They are carminative and stimulant, are seldom used internally, but enter into the composition of some warm plasters. 
Cumin Plaster. 
R. Cumin, Caraway, Laurel berries, each, three ounces. Burgundy pitch, three pounds. Yellow wax, three ounces. Olive oil, Water, each, one fluidounce and a half. 
Melt the pitch and wax together, add the other ingredients, stirring well, and evaporate to a 
proper consistence. 
Lond. Ph. 


217 
DELPHINIUM —DIG ITALIS. 
D. 
DELPHINIUM. 
Larkspur. 
The Delphinium consolida is a native of Europe, but has become partially naturalized in this country, and is also much cultivated in gardens as an ornamental flower. Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaccae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 748. Griffith, Med. Bot. 88. Several parts of this plant have been employed medicinally, as the flowers, seeds, and root. They owe their properties to the presence of an alkaloid, called delphinia. The flowers are said to be diuretic, vermifuge, and emmenagogue ; and the seeds and root to be diuretic, &,c. 
Tincture of Larkspur Seeds. R. Larkspur seeds, one oui 
one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, ten fo twenty drops, three times a-day, in spasmodic asthma. Augustin. 
DELPHINIA. 
Delphinia. 
This alkaloid is prepared from the seeds of different species of Delphinium, but generally from those of the D. staphisagria. 
R. Larkspur seeds, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Boil, repeat the decoction with another portion of water, till all soluble portions of the seeds are dissolved. Concentrate the united decoctions, add calcined magnesia, and filter after a short ebullition. Wash the precipitate with cold water, and dry it; digest it in alcohol on a water-bath, and permit to crystallize. Magendie. 
This is used in the same cases as veratria, in doses of a quarter to half a grain, to the extent of two to three grains a-day. It is also employed in ointment, or in solution in alcohol. 
Solution of Delphinia. R. Delphinia, one s 
Delphinia, one scruple. Rectified spirit, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. For outward use. Turnbull. 
Ointment op Delphinia. R. Delphinia, ten to thirty grains. Olive oil, • one drachm. Rub together, and add Lard, one ounce. Mix well. Turnbull. 
DIANTHUS. 
Pink. 
The only species that is officinal is D. caryophyllus or clove pink, a native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens, for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers. Sex. Syst. Decand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Caryo phyllacetn. s Linn. Sp. PI. 587. Woodville, Med. Bot. i. 205. , 
The parts used are the flowers: these should be of a dark red color, and very aromatic. They are principally employed to form a syrup, which is used as a vehicle for other medicines. 
Syrup op Clove Pink. 
R. Petals of clove pink, one pound. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add twice the weight of sugar. Guibourt. 
DIGITALIS. 
Foxglove. 
The foxglove is a native of Europe, but is cultivated in this country, both as an ornamental plant and for medicinal purposes. Sex. Syst. Didynam. angios. Nat. Syst. Scrophulariacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 868. Griffith, Med. Bot. 520. The parts used are the leaves: these should be dried in the dark, and always kept from the light. When good, they are of a dull green color, a feeble, narcotic odor, and a bitter, unpleasant taste. Digitalis is narcotic, sedative, and diuretic, and, in large doses, poisonous. It is given to fulfil many indications ; as a dinretic, as a sedative, and antispasmodic, to reduce the force of the circulation, &c. It is given in substance in the dose of one grain, two or three times a-day, gradually increasing the quantity until some effect is produced on the system. 
Powder op Foxglove. R. Powdered foxglove, one grain. 11 cinnamon, four grains. " sugar, ten grains. Mix. For a single dose, to be repeated two or three times a-day. Radius. R. Foxglove, a quarter to one grain. Sulphate of quinia, a half to two grains. Fennel seed, six grains. Sugar of milk, ten grains. Mix. To be taken three or four times a-day, ir« phthisis. Gunther. 


218 
DIGITALIS 
R. Powdered foxglove, ten grains. u calomel, six grains. " valerian, two scruples. u assafetida, " castor, each, half a drachm. a sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One, morning and evening, in the convulsions attendant on hydrocephalus. . Pierquin. 
R. Powdered foxglove, fifteen grains. " nitre, three drachms. " cremor tartar, half an ounce. Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every two hours. As a diuretic in dropsies. Brera. 
R. Powdered foxglove, six grains. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Calomel, each, three grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours in peripneumonia. Radius. 
R. Powdered foxglove, eight grains. Extract of opium, four grains. Sugar, one ounce. 
Oil of peppermint, four drops. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One in the evening, in palpitation of the heart. Sainte Marie. 
Extract op Foxglove. 
R. Fresh juice of foxglove, at will. Evaporate to proper consistence, without removing fecula. . Lond. Ph. 1836. 
Dose, from half a grain to two grains. 
Bolus op Foxglove. 
R. Powdered foxglove, fifteen grains. Calomel, eight grains. Root of juniper, one drachm. 
Mix, and form four boluses. One, every four hours in encephalitis. Brera. 
R. Powdered foxglove, twelve grains. Calomel, six grains. Tartar emetic, two grains. Purified honey, Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient. Mix, and form four boluses. One, every four hours, in hemoptysis and engorgement of the abdominal viscera. • Brera. 
Pills of Foxglove. 
R. Powdered foxglove, twelve grains. Calomel, six grains. Opium, two grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twelve pills. One to be taken every eight hours, in hydrothorax and ascites. Ellis. 
R. Powdered foxglove, four grains. " camphor, twelve grains. Extract of henbane, eighteen grains. 
Mix, and make six pills. Two to be taken at bedtime. Used in maniacal and spasmodic affections. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Powdered squill, four grains. " myrrh, one scruple. " foxglove, ten grains. Calomel, six grains. Triturate together, and add 
Assafetida, half a drachm. Extract of gentian, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into fifteen pills. One night and morning, as a diuretic in dropsies. Paris. 
R. Powdered foxglove, " opium, each, six grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One to be taken every four hours. In asthma, &c. Ellis. 
R. Powdered foxglove, one drachm. Extract of hemlock, " rhubarb, Aloes, each, half a drachm. Ammoniac, four scruples. Oxymel of squill, Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of six grains. Three to be taken morning and evening. In dropsy, &0. Brera. 
Pills of Foxglove and Squill. 
R. Powdered foxglove, " squill, each, one part. Aromatic electuary, two parts. Confection of roses, sufficient. 
Beat them into a mass, and divide into pills of four grains each. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, one or two pills, 
Infusion of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves, one drachm. Boiling water, half a pint. Tincture of cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 
Macerate the foxglove with the water, in a covered vessel, for two hours; strain, and add the tincture. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is half a fl. ounce, twice a-day, till the system is affected. 


219 
DIGITALINA 
Mixture op Foxglove and Acetate op Potassa. 
R. Infusion of foxglove, four fl. ounces. Tincture of foxglove, one fl. drachm. Acetate of potassa, one drachm. Tincture of opium, ten drops. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful three or four times u-day; as a diuretic. Ellis. 
Mixture op Foxglove and Acetate op Lead. 
R. Powdered foxglove, three to five grains. Solution of subacetate of 
lead, five drops. Syrup of orange flowers, one ounce. Infusion of poppies, six ounces. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, in hypertrophy of the heart. Foy. 
Mixture of Foxglove and Tartaric Acid. 
R. Infusion of foxglove, half an ounce. Tartaric acid, one scruple. Carbonate of soda, twenty-four grains. Sweet spirit of nitre, one drachm. Tincture of squill, four drops. Mint water, two ounces. 
Mix. As a diuretic, in ascites. To be taken twice or thrice a-day. Dewees. 
Expectorant Mixture of Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves, thirty grains. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain four ounces of strained infusion ; add 
Syrup of gum Arabic, three ounces Kermes mineral, six grains Syrup of mallows, one ounce 
Mix. To be taken, in teaspoonful doses, in pneumonia and pleurisy. Brera. 
Tincture of Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves, four < 
four ounces 
Diluted alcohol, 
two pints 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to twenty drops, two or three times a-day. 
Mixture of Tincture of Foxglove. R. Tincture of foxglove, one fl. drachm. " opium, sixty drops. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in hemoptysis and incipient phthisis. Ellis. 
Ethereal Tincture op Foxglove. R. Foxglove leaves, one part. Sulphuric ether, four parts. Macerate for two days, and decant. Dose, from ten to twenty drops. Soubeiran. R. Foxglove leaves, one ounce and a half. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints. Digest for ten days, and filter Dose, twenty drops to a fluidrachm, in some diuretic infusion, in dropsies. Mettauer. 
Vinegar of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves, half an ounce. Vinegar, four fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and add 
Sugar, five ounces. A teaspoonful, several times a-day. Highly spoken of in incipient phthisis. Martius, 
Ointment of Foxglove. 
R. Bruised foxglove leaves, one part. Lard, two parts. 
Melt over a slow fire, until all moisture is driven off, and strain. As an application to chronic ulcers. Soubeiran. 
Plaster of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves, two drachms. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 
Macerate, and evaporate to consistence of an extract, and add 
Calomel, ten grains. Elemi ointment, eight scruples. 
Mix. In chronic glandular swellings. Sundelin. 
Syrup of Foxglove. 
R. Foxglove leaves, four ounces. Water, sufficient. Sugar, one pound. 
Bruise the foxglove, add sufficient water to render quite moist, exhaust, by process of displacement, evaporate in a water-bath to ten ounces, add sugar, and form syrup. One teaspoonful is equivalent to fifteen grains of digitalis, or about two ounces of infusion. I)ultam< I. 
DIGITALINA 
DlGITALIN. 
R. Powdered foxglove, at will. Macerate for twenty-four hours in a sufficiency of sulphuric ether, decant, repeat the operation several times, the last on a water-bath. Unite, and filter the tinctures, and distil off most of the ether, over a water-bath. Treat the residue with distilled water. Add, very gradually finely-powdered litharge, till there is no acid 


220 
DIOSPYROS—DRACONTIUM 
reaction. Evaporate to dryness, treat with sulphuric ether, and evaporate to crystallizing point. Magendie. Dose, from one-fortieth to one-twentieth of a 
grain. 
Pills op Digitalin. 
R. Digitalin, three quarters of a grain. Powdered gum Arabic, Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. Dose, one to four daily, in hypertrophy of the heart. Bouchardat. R. Digitalin, thxee quarters of a grain. Powdered squill, u scammony, each, seventyfive grains. Syrup of gum Arabic, sufficient. Rub well together, and divide into one hundred pills. Give two pills, then four, and afterwards six daily, in dropsy with disordered circulation. Falken. 
Granules of Digitalin. 
R. Digitalin, fifteen and a half grains. Sugar, one ounce and a half. 
Water, sufficient. 
Mix, and form one thousand granules. Dose from four to six a-day. llomolle. 
DIOSPYROS. 
Persimmon. 
The Persimmon, or Diospyros Virginiana, is a native tree, found in the middle and southern States ; most frequently in the latter. 
Sex. Syst. Dioec. octand. Nat. Syst. Ebenaceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 435. Several parts of the Persimmon have been used in medicine, as the bark and the unripe fruit. They are both powerful astringents, and have been employed with success in bowel complaints and hemorrhages. The bark may be given in infusion; the fruit in syrup or vinous tincture. 
Infusion of Persimmon Bark. R. Persimmon bark, 
bruised, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours, and strain. Used in doses of a fl. ounce, in intermittents. and as a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 
Wine of Persimmons. 
R. Crushed green persimmons, one pound. Port wine, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, two to four fl. drachms a-day, as an astringent. Beasley. 
DIE, C A. 
Leatherwood. 
The Dirca palustris is an indigenous shrub, found in boggy situations, with long, tough roots. 
Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thymelacea?. 
Linn. Amoen. iii. 12. Griffith, Med. Bot. 561. 
The part used is the bark, which is very fibrous; it causes redness and vesication, when applied to the skin ; when chewed, it induces salivation. It has been given in infusion, or decoction, as a sudorific, and expectorant, and also in the same class of diseases as mezereon. 
DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. 
A perennial plant, with very large leaves, indigenous to the United States, growing in wet situations. It is the Symplocarpus fastidus. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Orontiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1372 (Dracontium). Griffith, Med. Bot. 619. 
The root is officinal, but the seeds are equally powerful. They both have a very acrid taste when fresh. The leaves, when bruised, have a nauseous smell, and are a good stimulating application to blisters. The root and seeds are stimulant, antispasmodic, and narcotic; and have been employed with success in asthma, hysteria, &c. The dose in powder is from two to twenty grains, several times a-day. 
Infusion op Skunk Cabbage-Root. 
R. Skunk cabbage root, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse in a covered vessel for an hour, and strain. Dose, an ounce to two ounces. 
Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Root. 
R. Skunk cabbage root, sliced, one ounce. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Turner. 
Tincture of Skunk Cabbage Seed. R. Skunk cabbage seed, two drachms. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Turner, 


221 
DULCAMARA. 
[ 
DULCAMARA 
Bittersweet. 
The Bittersweet, or Solatium dulcamara, is a climbing shrub, indigenous to Europe, and naturalized extensively in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 264. Griffith, Med. Bot. 480. The officinal portions are the small stems. These have a heavy, unpleasant odor, when fresh, but arc scentless when dry. They have a somewhat bitter taste, followed by a peculiar sweetness. The properties of Bittersweet are those of a narcotic, diuretic, and diaphoretic. It has been used in chronic rheumatism, asthma, &c, and especially in chronic cutaneous disorders. The dose, in substance, is from thirty grains to a drachm; but it is seldom given in this form. 
Decoction of Bittersweet. 
R. Bittersweet, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day, gradually increased, till a pint is taken in the twenty-four hours. In chronic eruptions, &c. 
Compound Decoction of Bittersweet. R. Bittersweet, half an ounce. Liquorice root, Burdock, , , , , Sassafras bark, } eacb ' drachms. Gruaiacum, J Water, two pints. Bo«l down to sixteen ounces, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, several times a-day, in chronic rheumatism, and venereal affections. 
Augustin. 
Extract of Bittersweet. R. Bittersweet, in coarse powder, one pound. Water, sufficient. Mix the powder with a pint of the water, let. it stand for twenty-four hours, then put in a displacement apparatus, and add water gradually, till the liquor that passes is but slightly impregnated with the properties of the bittersweet. Heat the filtered fluid, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. £7. iS. Ph. Dose, from five to ten grains. 
R. Freshly-dried bittersweet, contused, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Digest by a gentle heat, for fourteen days, express, filter, and evaporate on water-bath, to a proper consistence. Dose, five to eight grains. J. W. Simes. 
i 
Syrup of Bittersweet. 
R. Coarsely powdered bittersweet, foui ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Mix the fluids, pour on the powder in a displacer, until one pound of tincture is obtained, adding water to displace the diluted alcohol. Evaporate to half a pint, add fifteen ounces of sugar, and make a syrup. W. Procter. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Pills of Extract of Bittersweet. 
R. Extract of bittersweet, one ounce. Crude antimony, Powder of bittersweet, each, half an 
ounce. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Dose, from fifteen to twenty, twice a-day, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. 
Mixture of Bittersweet. 
R. Extract of bittersweet, three drachms. " seneka, two drachms. " hemlock, one drachm. 
Antimonial wine, Cinnamon water, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Forty to eighty drops, four times a-day, in scrofulous swelling, spasmodic cough, &c. Augustin, 
R. Extract of bittersweet, half a scruple. Infusion of liquorice, Decoction of mallows, 
each, one ounce and a half. Wine of opium, two drops. Oxymel, three drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, in chronic catarrh in children. Radius. 


222 
ELATERIUM —ELEMI. 
E. 
ELATERIUM. 
Elaterium 
Is a peculiar substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Ecbalium elaterium, a native of the south of Europe, growing in waste places. Sex. Syst. Moncec. monad. Nat. Syst. Cucurbitaceoe. 
Griffith, Med. Rot. 305. 
Elaterium is in light, friable, thin, somewhat curled flakes or fragments, of a pale, grayishgreen color. The taste is acrid, and bitterish; but the odor is very slight. The dose is from one to two grains, of the common commercial kind; of the pure and genuine, not more than one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 
Elaterium Pills. 
R. Elaterium, ten grains. Extract of gentian, three drachms. 
Mix, and form pills of four grains each. One or two, twice a-day, as a hydragogue purgative. Saunders. 
R. Elaterium, six grains. Extract of gentian, Soap, each, nine grains. 
Mix, and form twelve pills. One to four in obstinate constipation. Radius. R. Elaterium, half a drachm. Aloes, Gamboge, each, two drachms. Ammoniac, two ounces. 
Tincture of wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and form pills of four grains each. Swed. Fh. 
R. Elaterium, fifteen grains. Sulphate of potassa, one scruple. Soap, one drachm. Powdered ginger, one drachm and a half. Rub the elaterium and sulphate of potassa together, and then with the ginger and soap, adding sufficient water to form mass, and make sixty pills. One or two every hour, until full evacuations are procured. Sprague. 
Elaterium Mixture. 
R. Elaterium, one grain. Spirit of nitric ether, two fl. ounces. Tincture of squill, Oxymel of colchicum, each, half a fl. 
ounce. 
Syrup, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful three or four times a-day, ui a little water. In ascites, or hydrothorax. 
Ferriar. 
R. Elaterium, one grain. Parsley water, six fl. ounces. Oxymel of squill, Syrup of buckthorn, each, half a fl. 
ounce. 
Root of juniper, one ounce. 
Aromatic tincture, one drachm. Spirit of nitric ether, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Used as above, and in the same cases. 
Hufeland. 
Oil of Elaterium. 
R. Fruit of elaterium, one part. Oil of olives,. two parts. 
Digest in a water-bath, for some days, then evaporate all moisture, and strain. As an applica. tion for sore nipples, frosted limbs, and painful hemorrhoids. . Lond. Fh. 
EL ATERIN A. 
Elaterin. 
R. Juice of ecbalium elaterium, at will. Treat with water, dissolve the residue in alcohol, evaporate to consistence of syrup, purify the crystals that form by washing with ether. Dose, one-sixteenth of a grain. 
Tincture of Elaterin. 
R. Elaterin, one grain. Alcohol, one ounce. 
Nitric acid, four drops. 
Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in cinnamon water. Morris. 
ELEMI. 
Elemi. 
Elemi is a resinous exudation of various species of plants, principally belonging to the natural order of Amyridaceae. It occurs in masses of various consistence and color, but usually diaphanous; it has a terebinthinate and somewhat aromatic odor, and a warm, unpleasant taste. It has the usual properties of the turpentines, but is only employed as an external application. It is seldom used in this country, but is extensively employed in Europe. 
Ointment of Elemi. 
R. Elemi, one pound. Common turpentine, ten ounces. Suet, two pounds. 
two fl. ounces. 
Olive oil, 


223 
EMETIA —ERGOTA. 
Melt the elemi with the suet; remove from fire, and add turpentine and oil, and strain. Lond. Ph. 1836. 
As a gentle stimulant to flabby ulcers, &c. R. Elemi, 
Venice turpentine, each, one ounce and a half. Suet, two ounces. Balsam of tolu, one ounce. 
Melt together, and strain. As a dressing to indolent and ill-conditioned ulcers. Niemann. 
Elemi Cautery Plaster. 
R. Elemi, 
Spermaceti, each, five parts. Turpentine, six parts. White wax, ten parts. 
Melt together, and spread on paper. To keep up discharge from issues. Soubeiran. 
EMETIA 
Emetine. 
This is a peculiar alkaloid, found in the various kinds of ipecacuanha, and to which they owe their active properties. There are two varieties, the colored or impure, and the white or pure. The latter is seldom met with in this country. 
Impure Emetine. 
R. Ipecacuanha, one part. Alcohol (.835), four parts. 
Macerate for some days, express, and filter; treat the residue with three parts of alcohol as above, unite the tinctures, distil, dissolve the residue in four parts of cold water, filter, evaporate to the consistence of honey, and finish the drying by a gentle heat. Cottereau. It is reddish-brown, inodorous, bitter, and deliquescent. Dose, half a grain, to one grain. 
Pure Emetine. R. Impure emetine, at will. 
Dissolve in water, treat with magnesia, wash with cold water, treat several times with alcohol, on a water-bath, evaporate the solution to dryness, dissolve the residues in very dilute sulphuric or acetic acid, boil with a little animal charcoal, add an alkaline solution to saturate the acid, dry the precipitate, dissolve it in alcohol, and evaporate to dryness. Cottereau. 
It is yellowish, or white, pulverulent, not deliquescent. Dose, 1-16th to l-4th of a grain. 
Emetine Mixture. 
R. Impure emetine, four grains. Infusion of orange leaves, two fl. ounces. Syrup of orange flowers, half a fl. 
ounce. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful every half hour, to produce vomiting. Magendie. 
R. Pure emetine, dissolved in nitric acid, one grain. Infusion of linden, thfte fl. ounces. Syrup of mallow, one fl. ounce 
Mix. Given as the last. Foy 
Emetine Lozenges. 
R. Impure emetine, thirty-two grains. Sugar, two ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Rub together, and form lozenges of ten grains. One will usually vomit a child, and three or four an adult. Magendie. 
R. Impure emetine, thirty-two grains. Sugar, four ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and form lozenges of nine grains each One occasionally as an expectorant. Guibourt. 
Syrup op Emetine. 
R. Impure emetine, sixteen grains Dissolve in a little water, filter, and add Syrup, one pound 
R. Pure emetine, four grains. Syrup, one pound. 
Mix. The dose of these syrups is a teaspoonful, Soubeiran, 
ERGOTA. 
Ergot. 
Ergot is the diseased seeds of the common rye, but the cause of this morbid growth has given rise to much controversy. The most general opinion, now is, that it is owing to a fungus, but authors are not agreed as to the character of this. The most recent investigator, Mr. Quekett, calls it Ergotetia arbortifaciens. It is also a question whether the peculiar properties of ergot depend on the fungus, or on the morbid grain. Ergot is one of the few articles that act specifically on the uterus, increasing its contractile energy; and its principal use is as a stimulant to uterine action in labor, and also to check hemorrhage from that organ; but it has been employed in a variety of other diseases, and especially, externally, as a styptic. The dose, in substance, to aid labor, is from fifteen to twenty grains, to be repeated every twenty minutes, till the desired effect is produced, or till a drachm is taken. 
Infusion of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, one drachm. 
Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 
Infuse. One-third as a dose, to be repeated every twenty minutes. Wood. 


224 
ERGOTA. 
R. Ergot, half a drachm. Boiling water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. To be repeated every four hours. Ramsbotham. 
Decoction of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, one ounce. 
Water, two pints and a half. Boil to two pints, and strain. A tablespoonful every quarter of an hour. 
Wine of Ergot. 
R. Bruised ergot, two ounces. Sherry wine, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, in labor, two to three fl. drachms; for other purposes, one to two fl. drachms. 
Syrup of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, one ounce and a half. White wine, two ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Treat the residue three times with water, mix all the decoctions together, and add 
Sugar, one pound. Evaporate to consistence of syrup, and add the vinous tinctu r e. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Foy. R. Ergot, twenty grains. Extract of opium, three-quarters of a grain. Syrup, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce, occasionally, in engorgements of the uterus. Lisfranc. 
Tincture of Ergot. 
R. Ergot, two ounces and a half. Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Dose, twenty drops to a fl. drachm. As a sedative. Guy's Hospital. 
R. Powdered ergot, eight ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Macerate for two weeks, strain, express, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful. Dub. Ph. 
R. Powdered ergot, two ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, one pint. 
Digest for ten days and filter. Used in uterine hemorrhage. Dose, one fl. drachm. Mettauer. 
Compound Powder of Ergot. 
R. Powdered ergot, two scruples. " cubebs, one ounce. 
u cinnamon, half a drachm. " sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders; one to be taken, three or four times a-day, in Ieucorrhoea or gleet Ryan. 
Ergot Mixture. 
R. Powdered ergot, half a drachm. Syrup, half a fl. ounce. Mint water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. One-third to be taken at a dose, and repeated every twenty minutes; to aid labor. Soubeiran. 
R. Powdered ergot, one drachm. Syrup, three fl. ounces. Tincture of opium, twenty drops. Essence of bergamot, six drops. 
Mix. A spoonful, to be repeated as may be required. Pierquin. 
Ergot Clyster. 
R. Powdered ergot, one to three drachms. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Boil for ten minutes, and strain. As an enema, to aid labor. Foy. 
Compound Ergot Pills. 
R. Powdered ergot, half a drachm. Extract of gentian, one drachm. 
Rub together, and make fifteen pills. In dysmenorrhcea. One pill to be taken three times a-day. Dewees. 
Ergot Injection. 
R. Powdered ergot, half an ounce. Boiling water, half a pint. 
Infuse, and strain. As an injection in erythema of the vagina and urethritis. Desrutlles. 
Extract of Ergot, or Ergotine. R. Powdered ergot, at will. Water, sufficient. Exhaust the ergot by the process of displacement ; heat the solution on a water-bath, filter, and evaporate to consistence of syrup; add alcohol to precipitate gummy principles; permit to rest, decant, and evaporate to consistence of soil extract. Bonjean. 
Said to be very efficacious in hemorrhages, in doses of two grains every two hours; also applied as a styptic to bleeding vessels. 
Ergotine Mixture. 
R. Extract of ergot, fifteen grains. Syrup of orange flowers, one fl. ounce. Water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every quarter of an hour, in uterine hemorrhage. Dose to be increased, if requisite. Bonjean. 


225 
ERIGERON —EUPATORIUM 
Ftlls of Ergotine. 
R. Extract of ergot, oue drachm. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. 
Mix, and make fifty pills. Dose, six to ten, a-day. Bonjean. 
Oil of Ergot. 
R. Powdered ergot, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient. 
Exhaust ergot by process of displacement; evaporate result by a gentle heat. Wright. 
Dose, from twenty to fifty drops, in some appropriate vehicle, in parturition, &c. In doses of ten drops, every three hours, in diarrhoea, gastric irritability, &c. 
Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Ergot. 
R. Powdered ergot, Sulphuric ether, equal weights. 
Extract the oil from the ergot by the ether in a percolator. Digest the residue with six times its weight of water, for two days, at 167° F. Decant, evaporate to one-fourth, and add alcohol as long as a precipitate takes place. Filter the liquid and evaporate to consistence of honey. Treat the residue of the ergot with its original weight of alcohol, digest for three days, express, and filter. Finally mix the aqueous and alcoholic products, and evaporate to the consistence of a thick extract. Stickel. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 
ERIGERON. 1. ERIGERON C AN A DEN SE. 
Canada Fleabane. 
A common native plant, with numerous white flowers, found in waste places, in the northern and middle States. 
¦Sea;. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceie. 
VVilld. Sp. PI. iii. 1954. Torrey &, Gray, Fl. ii. 175. 
The whole plant is used; it has a rather pleasant smell, and a bitterish, acrid, somewhat astringent taste. It is said to be diuretic, tonic, and astringent, and to be useful in dropsies and diarrhtea. Dose, in substance, thirty grains to a drachm. 
Infusion of Canada Fleabane. R. Canada fleabane, one own 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one piut. Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Dupuy. 
Extract of Canada Fleabane. R. Canada fleabane, one pound. Water, one gallon. Boil down to four pints, filter, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, five to ten grains. 
15 
2. ERIGERON ANNUCM. 
Fleabane. 
This species, which has also been called B. heterophyllum, is very closely allied to, and identical in properties with, E. ttrigosum {E. Phila. delphicum). It is also a common plant in the United States. 
Persoon, Synop. ii. 431. Griffith, Med. Bot. 394. 
The whole plant is used. It has a peculiar, but not unpleasant odor, when bruised,and an astringent, bitterish taste. It is much celebrated as a diuretic, especially in dysuria of children. 
Infusion of Fleabane. R. Fleabane, one 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse. Dose, two to four fl. ounces, every three or four hours. Dewees. 
ERYNGIUM. 1. ERYNGIUM MARITIMUM. 
Sea Holly. 
This plant is a native of Europe, growing on sandy beaches. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 337. Griffith, Med. Bot. 315. It is thought to be diuretic, and was also esteemed aphrodisiac. The part used is the root, which has a sweet, agreeable taste, and an aromatic odor. 
2. ERYNGIUM A Q U AT IC U M . 
Button Snakeroot. 
A native species, growing in wet places, from Virginia to Florida. Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2. p. 336. Torrey & Gray, Fl. 1. 604. 
The root is bitter, aromatic, and pungent. It is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is useful in the same cases to which senega is appropriate. Used to some extent in South Carolina. 
EUPATORIUM. 
Boneset. 
This, the E. perfolialvm, is a native plant, found in abundance in most parts of the United States, in moist situations. Several other nativn species are almost identical in their properties, as E. teucrifolium, E. purpureum, &c. Sex. Syst. Syngen. sequal. Nat. Syst. Asteracece. 
The parts used are the leaves and flowers. These have a faint odor, and a peculiar, bitter taste. It is tonic and diaphoretic, and, in larre doses, emetic and laxative. Dose, in substance, as a tonic, twenty to thirty grains. 


226 
EUPHORBIA —EUPHORBIUM 
Infusion of Boneset. 
R. Boneset, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U.S. Ph. 
Asa diaphoretic, to be taken freely, warm ; as a tonic, a fl. ounce, cold. 
Decoction of Boneset. 
R. Boneset, one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint. 
Dose, a wineglassful, or more, as an emetic and cathartic. 
Compound Infusion of Boneset. R. Boneset, 
Sage, each, half an ounce. Cascarilla, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint and a half. 
Infuse till cold, and strain. A wineglassful, every three or four hours. In hectic fever. Ellis. 
EUPHORBIA. 
Spurge. 
1. EUPHORBIA COROLLATA. 
Bowman's Root. 
A native plant, with numerous white flowers, found in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Dodecand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiaceaa. Linn. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. The root, which is the part used, is large, white, inodorous, and almost tasteless. It is a safe and certain emetic, in doses of fifteen or twenty grains, and diaphoretic in that of three or four grains. 
2. EUPHORBIA IPECACUANHA. 
Wild Ipecacuanha. 
riiis is also a native plant, with numerous procumbent stems, and variously shaped leaves. Linn. Sp. PI. 653. Griffith, Med. Bot. 592. The root, the part used, is large, white, almost inodorous, and has a somewhat sweet taste. It is an energetic emetic, but, like the last species, apt to act on the bowels. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 
Compound Powder op Wild Ipecac, uanha. 
R. Powdered wild ipecacuanha, " opium, each, six grains. Sulphate of potassa, forty-eight grains. Triturate well, and divide into six powders. As a substitute for Dover's powder, to which it is equal, if not superior. W. P. C. Barton. 
3. EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA. 
Black Purslane. 
A small, procumbent, native plant, with leaves often marked with a purple spot. Linn. Sp. PI. 652. Griffith, Med. Bot. 593. The whole plant is used, and is said to be astringent and narcotic. It is inodorous, but has a sweetish, somewhat austere taste. It has been recommended in diarrhoea, fluor albus, &c. 
Infusion of Black Purslane. R. Dried black purslane, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, in dysentery and diarrhoea, a tablespoonful, every hour, till the morbid symptoms yield, then less frequently; in menorrhagia and leucorrhosa, a wineglassful, three times a-day. Zollicknjjer. 
4. EUPHORBIA LATHYRIS. 
Mole Plant. 
A tall species, native of Europe, but often cultivated in this country. Linn. Sp. PI. 655. Lindley, Flor. Med. 194. The seeds, which are the officinal portion, afford a purgative oil, which is tasteless, and almost inodorous. It acts on the bowels, in doses of from four to twelve drops, but is apt to cause nausea and vomiting. 
Mixture of Oil op Euphorbia. 
R. Oil of euphorbia, eight drops. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Sugar, two ounces. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a purgative draught. Pichonnier. 
EUPHORBIUM. 
EUPHORBIUM 
Is the concrete resinous juice obtained from several succulent species of euphorbia, principally natives of Africa. It is in the form of tears, or small, irregular masses, of a yellowish, or reddish color. The taste is at first slight, 


227 
EUPHRASIA —FERRI RAMENTA. 
but soon becomes acrid and burning-; die odor is very faint. It is a violent emetic and purgative, and is not used internally; as an external application it is employed in Europe, and also as a sternutatory. 
Sternutatory of Euphorbium. 
R. Powdered euphorbium, one drachm. " white hellebore, 
four scruples. 
Mix. Very violent in its action. Pierquin. 
Oil of Euphorbium R. Euphorbium, 
Euphorbium, one part. Olive oil, ten parts. 
Digest for ten days, and filter. As a friction in paralysis. Fan Mons. 
Plaster of Euphorbium. 
R. Pitch, 
Yellow wax, each, three ounces. Turpentine, one ounce. 
Melt together, and add 
Ammoniac, "1 Olibanum, i Mastich, f each > one 0UDCe - Calamine, J Euphorbium, S Pyrethrum, V each, two ounces. Common salt, \ Stir, till cold. A stimulating and rubefacient application, known as capuchin ointment. Wirtemberg Ph. 
EUPHRASIA. 
Eyebright. 
The Euphrasia officinalis is a small, annual plant, a native of Europe, and the northern parts of Asia and America. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Scrophulariaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 841. Lindley, Flor. Med. 506. The whole plant is used. It is slightly bitter and aromatic, and, at one time, was much used in diseases of the eyes. Dr. Kranichfeld says it is peculiarly beneficial in catarrhal ophthalmia, and also in cough and other catarrhal affections. 
FERRUM. 
Iron. 
A solid, hard, malleable, ductile metal, of a silvery-white color, and fibrous texture, attracted by the magnet, of a slight styptic taste, and a faint, but peculiar odor, when rubbed. Oxidizable in the air, and when heated to whiteness, burning with great brilliancy. It is employed medicinally in a great number of forms, both in the metallic state, in those of oxides and salts. All these are powerfully tonic and astringent. 
FERRI FILUM. 
Iron Wire. 
FERRI RAMENTA. 
Iron Filings. 
These should always be perfectly pure, when used internally, and in a state of minute division. 
Ferri Pulvis. 
Prepared Metallic Iron. R. Iron filings, a 
at will. 
Pound in an iron mortar, with great force, sift through a fine sieve, and porphyrize, until all metallic brilliancy has disappeared, and again, sift. Keep in a perfectly dry place. Paris Cod. 
Dose, from five to twenty grains. 
R. Spread oxide of iron in a tube, heat the tube, and cause a stream of hydrogen gas to pass through it, till the iron is reduced. 
Soubeiran. 
R. Place precipitated carbonate of iron on layers of iron gauze, in a tube of wrought iron; pass a stream of hydrogen through it, heat to a dull red, and maintain this for some hours; keeping up a small current of gas, till cool. 
W. Procter 
Dose, two to five grains every three hours. 
Powder of Metallic Iron. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, ten grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix. To be given, four times a-day, in chlorosis and amenorrhcua. Brera 


228 
FERRI ACETAS. 
Compound Powder of Metallic Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, 
Powdered guaiacum, each, half a drachm. Prepared oyster shell, half an ounce. Sugar, three drachms. 
Mix. Divide into ten powders; one, twice a-day, in scrofula. Goslis. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered cinna- 
mon, each, half a drachm. Sugar, three drachms. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One every three hours, as a tonic. Guibourt. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, one grain. Carbonate of magnesia, five grains. Powdered cinnamon, two grains. " sugar, one scruple. Mix. One half in the morning, the other in the evening, in rachitis. Hufeland. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered anise, Castor, each, two drachms. Powdered cinnamon, " nutmeg, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One, morning and evening, in chlorosis. St. Marie. 
Bolus of Prepared Iron. R. Prepared metallic iron, Powdered myrrh, each, ten grains. Aromatic powder, two grains. Powder of rosemary, half a drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. Make a bolus. To be taken morning and evening, in amenorrhoea. Augustin. 
Pills of Prepared Iron. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, two ounces. Extract of wormwood, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six-grain pills. Three or four, morning and evening, in chlorosis, dyspepsia, <fec. Soubeiran. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, one drachm. Powdered black hellebore, one scruple. Extract of gentian, two drachms. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. 
Mix, and form sixty pills. Two, three times a-da./, as an emmenagogue. St. Marie. 
R. Prepared metallic iron, half an ounce. Powdered Colombo, four scruples. " rhubarb, " cinnamon, each, two scruples. Extract of quassia, sufficient. 
Mix, and form pills of three grains each. Three to four a-day, as a tonic in debility. Jahn. 
Aromatic Mixture of Iron. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. " Colombo, three drachms. Bruised cloves, two drachms. Iron filings, half an ounce. Digest for three days in a covered vessel, with as much peppermint water as will yield a mixture of twelve ounces, after filtration; then add compound tincture of cardamom, three ounces, and tincture of orange peel, three drachms. Dub. Ph. 
As a tonic, in doses of one or two fl. ounces. 
FERRI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, one part. Acetic acid, six parts. 
Digest for three days, and filter. Dub. Ph. 1826. Dose, from ten to twenty-five drops, in water. 
Tincture of Acetate of Iron R. Acetate of potassa, two parts. Sulphate of iron, one part. Rectified spirit, twenty-six parts. Rub the acetate and sulphate together, dry by a moderate heat, and triturate with the spirit. Digest in a closed bottle for seven days, and decant. Dub. Ph. 1826. 
Dose, from thirty'' drops to a teaspoonful in some convenient vehicle. 
Alcoholic Tincture of Acetate of Iron. 
R. Liquid acetate of iron, one part. Diluted alcohol, seven parts. 
Digest for two days, and filter. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Guibourt. 
Ethereal Tincture of Acetate of Iron. 
R. Liquid acetate of iron, nine ounces. Acetic ether, one ounce. 
Alcohol, two ounces. Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. Spielmann. 
Acetate of Iron and Alum. 
R. Sulphate of iron, two parts. Alum, one part. Boiling water, ten parts. 
Filter the solution, and gradually add solution of subacetate of lead till precipitation ceases; let rest, and filter; evaporate to consistence of a jelly. As a marking ink; it resists alkalies, but not acids. Guibourt, 


229 
FERRUM AMMONIATUM —FERRI ARSENIAS. 
FERRUM AMMONIATUM. 
Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, three ounces. Muriatic acid, ten fl. ounces. Muriate of am- 
monia, two pounds and a half. Distilled water, four pints. 
Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, in a glass vessel, and digest for two hours; then add the muriate of ammonia, previously dissolved in the water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. u. a. Ph. 
Said to be useful in amenorrhoea, scrofula, epilepsy, &c. Dose, four to twelve grains, several times a-day. 
Compound Powder of Ammoniated Iron. 
R. Ammoniated iron, Powdered quassia, each, two drachms. Powdered chamomile, half an ounce. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One. four times a-day, as a febrifuge. Wurtzburg Ph. 
R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. Ammoniac, three grains. Powdered seneka, five grains. " liquorice, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every three hours, in gonorrhoea. Foy. 
Bolus of Ammoniated Iron 
R. Ammoniated iron, five grains. Aromatic powder, twelve grains. Mucilage, sufficient. 
Mix, and make bolus. One to be taken twice a-day, in chlorosis and scrofula. Ainslie. 
Pills op Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron, 
Galbanum, each, one drachm Assafetida, two drachms Castor, one scruple Tincture of valerian, sufficient 
Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Two, morning and evening, in atonic nervous disorders. Radius. 
R. Ammoniated iron, 
Aromatic powder, Extract of Peruvian bark, 
Alum, each, half a drachm Oil of cinnamon, twelve drops 
Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Five to ten, morning and evening, in asthenic monorrhagia. Formey. 
Mixture of Ammoniated Iron. R. Powdered galanga, 
u rhubarb, each, half a drachm. 
Boiling water, sufficient to obtain three ounces of strained solution; add 
Ammoniated iron, six grains. Peppermint sugar, four grains. Mix. A dessertspoonful, every three hours, in indigestion and chronic diarrhoea of children. 
Wendt. 
Tincture of Ammoniated Iron. R. Ammoniated iron, four ounces. Proof spirit, Water, each, one pint. Dissolve, and filter. Dose, forty to sixty drops. Lond. Ph. 
FERRI AMMONIO-CITRAS. 
Ammonio-Citrate of Iron. 
R. Crystallized citric acid, four ounces. Clean iron filings, two ounces. Distilled water, Solution of ammonia, each, sufficient. 
Dissolve the citric acid in twenty times its weight of water, add the iron and apply a gentle heat till effervescence ceases, renewing the water as it evaporates; filter, add the ammonia in slight excess, and evaporate on a water-bath to a syrupy consistence; then spread out in thin layers, and dry by a gentle heat. Redwood. 
The advantages of this salt, are its solubility and freedom from unpleasant taste. Dose, five to ten grains. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, one ounce. Water of ammonia, sufficient 
to saturate the excess of acid. Beral. 
FERRI ARSENIAS 
Arseniate of Iron. 
R. Solution of sulphate of iron, at will. Add gradually a solution of arseniate of potassa, collect, and wash the precipitate. Dose, onetwelfth of a grain. 
Pills of Arseniate of Iron. 
R. Arseniate of iron, three grains. Extract of hops, two drachms. Powdered mallow, half a drachm Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. One or two to be given, daily, in scrofulous, herpetic, and cancerous affections. Bifit. 


230 
FERRI BROMIDUM —FERRI CARBONAS. 
Ointment op Arseniate op Iron. R. Arseniate of iron, half a drachm. Phosphate of iron, two drachms. Spermaceti cerate, six drachms. Triturate together. As an application to cancerous ulcers. To be used with great caution. Carmickael. 
FERRI BROMIDUM 
Bromide op Iron. 
R. Bromine, one part. Distilled water, twenty parts. Iron filings, sufficient. 
Boil on a sand-bath; when the solution becomes greenish, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Magendie. 
Pills op Bromide op Iron. 
R. Bromide of iron, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, eighteen grains. Gum Arabic, twelve grains. 
Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, in the morning and evening, as a tonic and alterative. Magendie. 
R. Bromide of iron, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. One or two, in the morning and evening, in scrofula, &c. Radius. 
Ointment of Bromide of Iron. R. Bromide of iron, one drachm. Bromine, twelve grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In frictions on the inside of the thighs, in amenorrhoea. Cadet. 
FERRI CARBONAS 
Carbonate of Iron 
From the avidity with which carbonate of i*on absorbs oxygen from the air and loses its carbonic acid, it is a very unstable preparation ; and therefore what is usually prescribed under this name is merely a subcarbonate, or sesquiwxide. By combination with saccharine matter, it, however, is protected from the oxidizing process, to a very great extent. 
Saccharine Carbonate op Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, four ounce 
four ounces. 
Carbonate of soda, five ounces. 
Pure sugar, two ounces. 
Water, four pints. 
Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in half the water, add the solutions together, collect the precipitate, divest it of as much water as possible, and immediately triturate it with the sugar. Dry it at a low temperature. S ' Ed. Ph. 
Dose, from five to thirty grains. 
Pills op Carbonate op Iron. (Vallet's Mass.) 
R. Sulphate of iron, eight ounces. Carbonate of soda, ten ounces. Clarified honey, three ounces. Sugar, two ounces. Syrup, sufficient. Boiling water, two pints. 
Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in a pint of water, adding to each solution one fl. ounce of syrup; mix the two solutions in a bottle just large enough to hold the mixture, close accurately with a stopper, and set by to let the carbonate of iron subside ; decant, wash precipitate with water sweetened with syrup, in the proportion of a fl. ounce to the pint, until the washings cease to be saline; express, in flannel, as much of the water as possible, and mix with the honey. Heat over a water-bath, to proper consistence. This is known as Vallet's carbonate of iron. Dose, from ten to thirty grains, in the course of the day, where iron is indicated. U. S. Ph. 
Subcarbonate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, eight ounces. Carbonate of soda, nine ounces. Boiling water, one gallon. 
Dissolve the sulphate and carbonate, each in four pints of the water, mix the solutions, stir, set by for powder to subside, decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, wrap in bibulous paper, and dry with gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, five to thirty grains, or even more, several times a-day. 
Powder of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, one drachm. Divide into six powders. One every six hours, in syrup. In chorea, neuralgia, &c. Ellis. 
Mixture of Subcarbonate of Iron. R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 
one drachm. 
Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Sugar, two drachms. 
Water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, according to circumstances. Ellis. 
Compound Iron Mixture. 
R. Myrrh, Carbonate of potassa, 
one drachm. 
twenty-five grains. 


FERRI CARBURETUM. 
231 
Rose-water, seven fl. ounces and a half. Powdered sulphate of iron, one scruple. Spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. White sugar, one drachm. 
Rub the myrrh with the rose-water, gradually added, mix with the spirit of lavender, sugar, and carbonate of potassa, and, lastly, with the iron; pour into a well-stopped bottle, and keep closed. U. S. Ph. 
These are well known under the name of Griffith's anti-hectic mixture. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, in chlorosis, debility of the gastric organs, &c. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, Carbonate of potassa, each, four ounces. Black hellebore, two ounces. Water, sufficient. 
Boil, after macerating for some days, stirring from time to time; then let settle, decant, and evaporate to consistence of an extract, and add to this 
Spirit of scurvygrass, three times its weight, 
and filter. Forty to sixty drops, in hypochondria, melancholia, &.c. Pulat. Ph. 
Artificial Chalybeate Water. 
R. Water, fifty pints. Carbonate of lime, five drachms. " magnesia, ten drachms. Black oxide of iron, two drachms. 
Sulphate of magnesia, six drachms. Common salt, one drachm. 
Mix, and condense a thousand cubic inches of carbonic acid in the solution. Swediaur. 
Compound Pills of Subcarbonate of Iron. 
R. Powdered foxglove, half a drachm. " yew leaves, Carbonate of iron, each, one drachm. Ergot, two drachms. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make two hundred and fifty pills. Two to eight a-day, with an infusion of savine, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. Neumann. 
R. Powdered myrrh, two drachms. Carbonate of soda, Sulphate of iron, each, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Rub the myrrh with the carbonate of soda, then add the sulphate of iron, and rub well; beat with syrup into a mass, and divide into eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two to six pills, three times a-day. 
R. Sulphate of iron, Bicarbonate of potassa, each, Powdered mallow root, 
two drachms. 
thirty-six grains. Gum Arabic, eighteen grains. 
Beat with water into a mass, and form fortyeight pills. 
R. Sulphate of iron, Myrrh, each, two scruples. Carbonate of potassa, Soap, each, half a drachm. 
Beat together, and form forty pills. Dose, two, three times a-day, as an emmenagogue. Ellis. R. Subcarbonate of iron, 
Extract of conium, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four pills. Two to be taken twice a-day. Given in fluor albus and scrofula. A. T. Thomson. 
Iron Wine. 
R. Carbonate of iron, 
one ounce and a half. Contused orange peel, " geutian, each, half an ounce. Port wine, two pints. 
Mix, and digest at a moderate heat for three days, repeatedly agitating. Chapman. 
Iron Plaster. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, three ounces. Lead plaster, two pounds. Burgundy pitch, half a pound. 
Add the subcarbonate to the other ingredients previously melted together, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
As a strengthening plaster, in pains, and want of power in the muscles 
FERRI CARBURETUM. 
Carburet of Iron. 
This article, well known as Plumbago, or Black Lead, has been highly recommended, of late years, in cutaneous affections, and is recognized as officinal by many of the pharmacopoeias of continental Europe. 
Prepared Carburet op Iron. R. Pulverized carburet of iron, one pound. Boil in water for an hour, decant, and digest in eight ounces of water, mixed with two ounces of nitric and muriatic acids; digest for twenty four hours, decant, and wash well with watei, and dry. Dose, from five to fifteen grains, two or three times a-day. Pruss. Ph. 


232 
FERRI CHLORIDUM. 
1 
Powder op Carburet op Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, Sugar, each, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken every hour, in lepra and lichen. Radius. 
Pills of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, Extract of bittersweet, each, one drachm. 
Calomel, twelve grains. Golden sulphuret of antimony, six grains. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and form sixty pills. Dose, five, three times a-day. Niemann. 
Electuary of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, 
Flowers of sulphur, Crude antimony, each, half an ounce. Black oxide of mercury, one scruple. Wild violet, Extract of pulsatilla, " bittersweet, each, two drachms. 
Camphor, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix. To be used in eight days, in teaspoonful doses. Phoebus. 
Mixture of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, Sulphur, each, one drachm. Triturate together, and add 
Barley water, one pint. To be taken in four doses. In psora, &c. Brera. 
Ointment of Carburet of Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, half an ounce. 
Flowers of zinc, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Triturate together. As an application in herpetic affections. Brera. 
R. Powdered carburet of iron, one ounce. Flowers of sulphur, four scruples. Rose ointment, six ounces. 
Mix. JTaddei. m 
Plaster of Carburet op Iron. R. Powdered carburet of iron, one part. Soap plaster, four parts. Triturate together. Giordano. 
FERRI CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride op Ibon. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, • at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient 
to dissolve the carbonate; evaporate to dryness by a water-bath. Cottereau. 
R. Peroxide of iron, five ounces. Muriatic acid, nineteen fl. ounces. 
Boil for ten minutes, then evaporate to fifteen ounces; filter. Place under a bell-glass, with a vessel containing caustic potassa ; in a few days mammillary granules will form ; separate these, and preserve in a glass-stopped bottle. Beral. 
Chloride of Iron and Acetate of Lead. 
R. Liquid chloride of iron, four ounces. Evaporate to one-half, and add 
Acetate of lead, four ounces. Dry, and pulverize. Four to twelve grains in hemorrhages. Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Tincture of Chloride of Iron. R. Subcarbonate of iron, half a pound. Muriatic acid, one pint. Alcohol, three pints. Pour the acid on the subcarbonate; when the effervescence has ceased, apply a gentle heat, and continue it, stirring occasionally, until the carbonate is dissolved ; then filter and add the 
alcohol to the clear solution. U. S. Ph. 
An active and energetic preparation ; tonic, diuretic, styptic, &,c. Dose, ten to thirty drops, gradually increased, two or three times a-day. 
R. Muriatic acid, two ounces (troy). Protocarbonate of 
iron, sufficient to saturate. Honey, two ounces and a half. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Saturate the acid with the carbonate, add the honey and sufficient alcohol to make nineteen fl. ounces; after standing six hours, filter. W. Procter. 
Syrup of Chloride of Iron. R. Chloride of iron, one part. Syrup, twenty-three parts. 
Dissolve. Dose, one to four drachms. Beral. 
Chloride of Iron Mixture. 
R. Saffron, half a drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Infuse for an hour, strain, and add 
Chloride of iron, half a drachm. 
Syrup of valerian, two ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful several times a-day, in hemorrhage or chlorosis. Cadet de Gassicourt. 


233 
FERRI CITRAS 
R Mallow root, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain two ounces of decoction; strain, and add 
Gum Arabic, two drachms. Chloride of iron, half a scruple. Syrup of mallow, six drachms. 
Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every hour or two, in softening of the stomach. Radius. 
R. Tincture of chloride of iron, Compound tincture of aloes, each, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of castor, two fl. drachms. Mix. Ten to thirty drops, three times a-day, in infusion of chamomile, as an emmenagogue. Ellis. 
Ethereal, or Bestucheffe's Tincture of Chloride of Iron. 
R. Sesquichloride of iron, one drachm Sulphuric ether, one fl. ounce Alcohol, three fl. ounces 
Mix. Prus. Ph., 1846. The sesquichloride of iron may be obtained pure and neutral, by passing chlorine through a solution of protochloride of iron, until a solution of the red ferrocyanide of potassium no longer produces a blue precipitate; then evaporate by a water-bath, and crystallize. Fr.'Mayer. 
R. Sesquichloride of iron, one part. Sulphuric ether, four parts. 
Mix, and add 
Alcohol, eight parts. 
Van Mons. 
R. Tincture of chloride of iron, Sulphuric ether, equal parts. 
Mix. Guibourt. R. Chloride of iron, one part. Hoffmann's anodyne, seven parts. Mix. Beral. 
These are active preparations, and much used in Germany. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. 
FERRI CITRAS. 
Citrate of Iron. 
R. Crystals of citric acid, three parts. Hydrated oxide of iron (dry), two parts. Distilled water at 180°, twelve parts. Dissolve, filter, and evaporate to consistence of syrup, spread in thin layers, and dry. Duhamel. 
The dose is five to eight grains. 
Liquid Citrate of Iron. R. Citrate of iron, four o 
four ounces, 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, with the aid of heat, and evaporate until the solution measures half a pint. W. Procter. 
Syrup op Citrate op Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, one ounce Syrup, fifteen ounces. Spirit of citron, two drachms. 
Mix. Dose, two drachms to an ounce. Beral. 
Wine op Citrate op Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, eight scruples. Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. 
Digest for two or three days, and filter. Beral. 
Aromatic Wine of Citrate op Iron. R. Iron filings, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Lemon juice, three fl. ounces. Contused gentian, half an ounce. " cinnamon, two drachms. Rhenish wine, sixteen ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and decant. The dose is a drachm to half a fl. ounce, two or three times a-day. Hamburgh Cod. 
R. Iron filings, four ounces. Bitter oranges, four. 
Beat them together, and at the end of two days, add to the mixture 
Madeira wine, ten fl. ounces. Spirit of orange peel, two fl. ounces. 
Digest, and then express and filter. Dose, half a drachm to two drachms. Batav. Ph. 
Said to be one of the best compounds of iron. 
Tincture op Citrate of Iron. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, thirteen fl. ounces. Spirit of citron, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, ten to fifty drops. Beral. 
Syrup of Citrate of Iron. R. Moist protocarbonate of iron, (prepared as directed for Vallet's mass, and washed with sweetened water), at will. Dissolve in a slight excess of citric acid, dissolved in water, and evaporate to dryness to make the syrup. 
R. Citrate of iron, one ounce. 
Syrup, five fl. ounces. Dose, thirty drops to a teaspoonful. E. Parrish 
Citrate of Iron and Quinia. 
R. Liquid citrate of iron, four parts Solution of citrate of quinia, one part 


234 
FERRI FERROCYANURETUM —FERRI GALLAS. 
Mix, and evaporate. As a tonic, in doses of five grains, three times a-day. Beral. 
Citrate op Iron and Magnesia. R. Hydra ted oxide of iron, two parts. Citric acid (in solution), three parts. Mix, dissolve, saturate the liquor with carbonate of magnesia, and evaporate to dryness. This salt is soluble. The dose is from two to five grains. Van der Corput. 
Syrup op Citrate op Iron and Magnesia. 
R. Citrate of iron and magnesia, eight parts. Orange-flower water, fifteen parts. Simple syrup, one hundred and eighty parts. Mix. Van der Corput. 
FERRI FERROCYANURETUM. 
Prussian Blue. 
R. Sulphate of iron, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, three fl. drachms and a half. 
Nitric acid, six fl. drachms, or sufficient. 
Ferrocyanuret of potassium, four ounces and a half. 
Water, two pints. Dissolve the sulphate in a pint of the water, add the sulphuric acid, and boil. Add the nitric acid in small portions, boiling for a few moments after each addition, till a dark color is no longer produced, and allow to cool. Dissolve the ferrocyanuret in the rest of the water, and add the solution by degrees, to the first liquid, stirring each time. Filter, wash the precipitate with boiling water, until the washings are tasteless. Dry, and powder. U. S. Ph. 
Tonic, febrifuge, and alterative. Dose, three to five grains, several times a-day, gradually increased till some effect is produced. 
Powder of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, twelve g 
Prussian blue, twelve grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every two hours. In epilepsy. Radius. 
Compound Powder of Prussian Blue. 
R. Prussian blue, twelve grains. White pepper, Mustard, each, half an ounce. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, every quarter of an hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 
R. Prussian blue, Powdered guaiacum, each, half to one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, three times a-day, in intermittents. Ellis. 
Pills op Prussian Blue R. Prussian blue, 
eighteen to thirty-six grains. Ammoniac, Extract of dandelion, Rhubarb, each, one drachm. 
Mix, and make fifty-four pills. Four to six, twice a-day. In diseases of the ganglionic system. Radius. 
Mixture of Prussian Blue. R. Prussian blue, one ou 
one ounce. 
Parsley water, six ounces. 
Cherry-laurel water, two drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day. In stone and gravel. \ Radius. 
Ointment of Prussian Blue. R. Cod-liver oil, one ou 1 
one ounce. 
Prussian blue, twenty-four grains. Cyanide of mercury, eight grains. Oil of cherry-laurel, four drops. 
Mix. As an application in strumous ophthalmia. Canon de Villards. 
Blue Ink. 
R. Pure Prussian blue, six parts. Oxalic acid, one part. 
Triturate with a little water, to a perfectly smooth paste; then dilute with water to a proper consistence. A little gum may be added to prevent the fluid from spreading. Mohr. 
FERRI GALLAS 
Gallate of Iron. 
This is not used in medicine, but, with the tannate of iron, it forms the basis of writing ink. 
Writing Ink. 
R. Aleppo galls, bruised, twelve pounds. Water, six gallons. 
Boil in a copper vessel for an hour, adding water, to supply loss by evaporation, and strain; boil residue with four gallons of water, for half an hour, and again boil with two gallons of water; mix decoctions, and add 
Sulphate of iron, four pounds. Contused gum Arabic, three pounds and a half. 
Agitate, permit to settle, strain through fine hair sieve, and keep in close vessels. Lewis. 


/ 
235 
FERRI IODIDUM. 
R. Powdered galls, eight pounds. Rasped logwood, four pounds. Gum Arabic, three pounds. Sulphate of iron, four pounds. 
" copper, Sugar candy, each, one pound. Ammoniac, two ounces. 
Water, sixteen pints. Alcohol, half a pint. 
Macerate for forty-eight hours, with a gentle heat, let rest for ten days, and decant into bottles. Hunt. 
R. Powdered galls, fifty parts. Water, eight hundred parts. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Sulphate of iron, Gum Arabic, each, twenty-five parts. 
When clear, add a solution of 
Muriate of ammonia, eight parts. Gum Arabic, two parts. Boiling water, sixteen parts. Oil of lavender, one part. 
Said to be indelible. Guibourt. 
R. Bruised galls, forty ounces. Gum Arabic, ten ounces. 
Sulphate of iron, nine ounces. 
Soft water, forty-five fl. ounces. Macerate for three weeks, often stirring. A very permanent ink. English Exchequer. 
FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodine, two ounces. 
Iron filings, one ounce. 
Distilled water, one pint and a half. Mix the iodine with a pint of the water, in a glass vessel, gradually add the iron filings, constantly stirring. Heat till liquid becomes of a light greenish color, filter, and wash residuum with remainder of water, boiling hot. Evaporate liquid to dryness, in an iron vessel, at a heat not above 212°. Keep in a well-closed bottle. U. S. Fh. 
Tonic, alterative, diuretic, and emmenagogue. Dose, three grains, gradually increased to eight, jr more. 
Lozenges op Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, thirty grains. Saffron, half a drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, Infusiou of cinnamon, each, sufficient. 
Mix and make two hundred and forty lozenges. •Fifteen to twenty a-day, gradually augmenting, in amenorriicea and leucorrhcea. Fierquin. 
Pills op Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. Bromide of sodium, half a drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains. One to three, morning and evening, in scrofula, &c. Wernick. 
Pills op Proto-Iodide op Iron. 
R. Crystallized sulphate of iron, 24.7 grains. Iodide of potassium, 32.4 grains. Gum tragacanth, 4.6 grains. Sugar, 15.4 grains. Syrup of marsh mallow, Powder of marsh mallow, each, sufficient. 
Reduce the sulphate to a fine powder, then the iodide of potassium ; triturate the mixture, then add the gum, sugar, and syrup, and, if neces. sary, the powder of marsh mallow. Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Each contains .8 of a grain of dry iodide, or 1.09 of the hydra ted iodide of iron. Keep in closed bottles, in a dry place. Callond. 
R. Sulphate of iron, one drachm. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Powdered tragacanth, ten grains. Powdered sugar, half a drachm. 
Beat into a mass with syrup, and divide into forty pills. U. S. Fh. 
R. Iodine, , Iron, reduced by hydrogen, each, half a drachm. Rub the iron and iodine to a fine powder, then add 
Honey, sufficient to give the consistency of molasses, and rub till the mixture assumes a greenish tinge, then add 
Extract of cinchona, two scruples. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient 
to form a mass. Divide into thirty-two pills Dose, one pill three or four times a-day. D. F. Wright. 
Solution op Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce 
Mix. Six, to ten drops, three times a-day, in some cold water. Ellis 
R. Iodide of iron, twenty-four grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. A teaspoonful is a dose; this contains three grains. Elbs. 


236 
FERRI IODIDUM. 
Olficinal Solution of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodine, two ounces. Iron filings, one ounce. 
Powdered sugar, twelve ounces. Distilled water, sufficient. 
Mix the iodine with five fl. ounces of the water, in a porcelain or glass vessel, gradually add the iron filings, constantly stirring. Heat gently till the mixture becomes of a light-greenish color, flier, and add sugar. Wash on a filter, and allow to pass till the whole of the filtered liquid amounts to twenty fl. ounces. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from thirty to fifty drops. 
Syrup of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Dry iodine, two hundred grains. Fine iron wire, well cleaned, one hundred grains. White sugar, in powder, four ounces and a half. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Boil the iodine, iron, and water, together, in a plass matrass; at first gently, to avoid the expulsion of iodine vapor, afterwards briskly, till a bout two fl. ounces remain. Filter this quickly, while hot, into a matrass containing the sugar, dissolve with a gentle heat, and add distilled water to make up six fl. ounces. Twelve minims contain one grain of iodide of iron. Ed. Fh. R. Iodine, two ounces. Iron by hydrogen, half an ounce. Water, sufficient. Sugar, twelve ounces. Powder the iodine, add two fl. ounces of water, then the iron very gradually, filter the solution into a bottle containing the sugar, wash the residual impurities, pour the washings into the bottle, and add water sufficient to make the whole measure twenty fl. ounces; shake the bottle and dissolve the sugar. B. J. Crew. 
Syrup op Proto-Iodide of Dion. R. Sulphate of iron, 
one drachm and a half. 
Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Water, half an ounce. Syrup, one ounce and a half. 
Rub the salts together, dissolve them in the water, add the syrup, and bottle at once. W. Procter. 
Wine op Iodide op Iron. 
li. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. Iodide of potassium, ten and a half parts. White wine, three hundred and twenty parts. 
Pulverize the two salts, adding a few drops of wine, triturate for a few moments, add the rest of the wine, and filter. To be kept in glassstopped bottles. Thirty-two parts contain one of the iodide. Callond. 
R. Iodide of iron, half an ounce. Claret wine, one pint. 
Dissolve. A dessertspoonful, morning and evening. Soubeiran. 
Tincture of Iodide of Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm. 
Alcohol, Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Thirty drops to a fl. drachm, twice a-day. Foy. 
Tincture of Proto-Iodide of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, eight parts. Iodide of potassium, ten and a half parts. Alcohol (.842), one hundred and sixty parts. Triturate the salts, separately, and then together; add alcohol, and filler. To be kept in glass-stopped bottles. Sixteen parts contain one of iodide of iron. Callond. 
Mixture of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, sixteen grains. 
Compound tincture of gentian, one fl. ouuce Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day. Ashwell. 
Injection of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, half an on 
half an ounce. 
Distilled water, one pint. 
Dissolve. As an injection, or lotion, in amenorrhea, Ieucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. 
R. Iodide of iron, three grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. In gonorrhoea; strength to be increased if required. Ricord. 
Syrup of Iodide and Chloride op Iron. 
R. Iodine, three hundred and eightyfour grains. Muriatic acid 
(1.16), four ounces and a half. Powdered sugar, twelve ounces. Iron filings, Distilled water, each, sufficient. 


237 
FERRI LACTAS —FERRI MALAS. 
t 
Mix the acid with an ounce and a half of clean iron-filings; allow to stand ; agitate occasionally ; when neutralized, filter. Mix the iodine with three ounces of water in a flask, add half the weight of iron filings, agitate till all the iodine is combined, and filter. Mix the solutions, add the sugar, and as much water as will make a pint. W. Procter. 
Syrup op Iodide and Chloride of Iron Mixture. 
R. Syrup of iodide and chloride of iron, two drachms. Syrup of orange peel, four drachms. Infusion of cascarilla, four fl. ounces. Mix. One-fourth to be taken twice a-day. Battley. 
Bath of Iodide of Iron. R. Iodide of iron, two ounces. Water, two hundred pints. In Ieucorrhcca, amenorrhcea, chlorosis, &c. The quantity of iodide may be increased gradually to double, for adults. I'ierquin. 
Ointment of Iodide op Iron. 
R. Iodide of iron, one drachm and a half. Lard, one ounce. 
Triturate together. A piece as large as a hazelnut to be rubbed on the inside of the thigh, morning and evening, in Ieucorrhoea and ameuorrhoea; also beneficial in glandular swellings. Pierquin. 
FERRILACTAS 
Lactate of Iron. 
R. Lactate of lime, one hundred parts. Boiling water, five hundred parts. 
Dissolve. 
Pure sulphate of iron, sixty-eight parts. Distilled water, five hundred parts. 
Dissolve. 
Mix the two solutions; filter, add an excess of lactic acid, heat in a water-bath, stirring constantly ; filter, to separate the sulphate of lime; evaporate rapidly either in an iron vessel or porcelain one, with the addition of some iron filings ; filter, and crystallize ; wash the crystals with alcohol, and dry. Lepage. Used in same cases as other preparations of iron. Dose, one or two grains, frequently repeated. 
Lozenges op Lactate op Iron. R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Cap. 
Pills op Lactate op Iron. R. Lactate of iron, 
Powdered mallow, equal parts. Clarified honey, sufficient. 
Make pills of two grains each. Cap. 
Syrup op Lactate op Iron. 
R. Lactate of iron, one drachm. White sugar, twelve ounces and a half. Boiling distilled water, six fl. ounces and a half. Triturate the lactate with half an ounce of the sugar, dissolve quickly in the boiling water, pour the solution into a matrass, place on a sand-bath, add the rest of the sugar gradually ; when dissolved, filter; and when cold, pour into wellstopped bottles. Dose, from two to four fl. drachms. Cap. 
FERRI MALAS 
Malate of Iron. 
R. Black oxide of iron, at will. Juice of sour apples, sufficient. 
Heat the juice to the boiling point; add the oxide, as long as any is dissolved ; cool, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, eight grains to a scruple. Van Mons. 
Solution of Malate of Iron. R. Malate of iron, one oui 
one ounce. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. Dissolve and filter. As an astringent, in doses of a fl. drachm. Spielmann. 
Tincture op Malate of Iron. R. Malate of iron, one part. Cinnamon water, Alcohol, each, three parts. 
Macerate for three days, and filter. Dose, forty to sixty drops. Austrian Ph. 
Mixture of Malate of Iron. R. Extract of Peruvian bark, 
" gentian, each, one drachm. Peppermint water, Chamomile water, each, one fl. ounce. Malate of iron, half a drachm. 
To be taken in divided doses, in dyspepsia, &,c Augustin. 
Bitter Infusion of Iron. 
R. Iron filings, three ounces. Bruised ginger, " gentian, each, one ounce. " orange peel', half an ounce. 


238 
FERRI NITRAS — FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM. 
Infuse in a pint of strong old cider for a month, frequently agitating, and filter. Dose, half a drachm to one drachm, thrice daily, as a tonic. 
FERRI NITRAS. 
Nitrate of Iron 
R. Red oxide of iron, four drachms. Nitric acid, six fl. drachms. 
Dissolve, and add 
Water, one fl. ounce. 
Filter. Dose, six to twelve drops, in a convenient vehicle. In dyspepsia, and calculous cornplaints. Swediaur. 
Syrup of Proto-nitrate of Iron. R. Iron wire (card teeth), two ounces. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), three fl. ounces. 
Water, thirteen fl. ounces. Powdered sugar, two pounds. 
Put the iron in a wide-mouthed bottle, kept cool by standing in cold water, and pour upon it three fl. ounces of water. Mix the acid with ten fl. ounces of water, and add it gradually to the iron, agitating frequently, until the acid is saturated. Filter the solution into a bottle containing the sugar, and marked to contain thirty fl. ounces, adding water enough to measure that quantity. Dissolve the sugar, strain, pour into suitable phials, and seal them. W. Procter, Jr. 
Solution of Per-sesquinitrate op Iron. 
R. Iron wire (cut small), one ounce and a half. Nitric acid, three fl. ounces. Water, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, decant, and Alter; add 
Muriatic acid, one fl. drachm, 
diluted with sufficient water to make the whole thirty fl. ounces. Dose, ten drops several times a-day, gradually increasing. Has been of great benefit in chronic diarrhoea, &c. Kerr. 
R. Iron wire, in pieces, one ounce. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), three fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, sufficient, 
Mix the acid with a pint of water, add the iron, and agitate occasionally, until gas ceases to come off; then filter the solution, and add sufficient water to make it measure thirty fl. ounces. 17. S. Ph. 
FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. Hydrated Oxide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, three fl. drachms and a half. 
Nitric acid, six fl. drachms, or sufficient. 
Solution of ammonia, sufficient. Water, two pints. 
Dissolve the sulphate in the water, gradually add the sulphuric acid, boil, add nitric acid very gradually, boiling after each addition, till no dark color is produced. Filter, allow to cool, add solution of ammonia, in excess, stirring well. Wash precipitate with water, as long as washings give a precipitate with chloride of barium. Keep in close bottles, under water. 
U. S. Ph. 
Used in large doses, as an antidote to arsenic. 
Solution of Tersulphate of Iron. R. Crystallized sulphate of iron, 
sixty-four ounces. Sulphuric acid, seven fl. ounces. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.38), twelve fl. ounces. 
Water, sufficient. Powder the sulphate of iron, mix the acids and five fl. ounces of water, put on a sand-bath, arid add the powdered sulphate gradually, stirring until effervescence ceases. The dense solution is then to be diluted with water until it measures four pints and a half, and filtered through muslin. 
When the hydrated oxide is wanted for use, an equal measure of commercial solution of ammonia causes the requisite precipitation. Thus: 
R. Of above solution of ter- 
sulphate of iron, half a pint. Water, two pints. Mix, and add 
Of solution of ammonia, half a pint. Stir the mixture, and then throw the whole on a piece of strong muslin; express the liquor until the oxide of iron remains in the cloth of a pasty consistence. Finally, wash the oxide with water. W. Procter, Jr. 
The above formula is offered to the pharmaceutist as an instantaneous means of preparing the hydrated sesquioxide of iron, in cases of poisoning by arsenic. The solution of tersulphate of iron should always be kept on hand. 
FERRI OXIDUM NIGRUM Black Oxide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, six ounces 
Sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms, two fl. scruples 


239 
FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM 
I 
Pure nitric 
acid, four fl. drachms and a half. Stronger water of ammonia, four fl. ounces and a half. Boiling water, three pints. 
Dissolve half the sulphate in half the water, add the sulphuric acid, and boil; add the nitric acid, gradually, boiling briskly after each addition. Dissolve the rest of the sulphate in the remainder of the water, mix the two solutions, and immediately add the ammonia, stirring briskly. Collect the precipitate on a muslin filter, wash in water till the washings scarcely give a precipitate with nitrate of baryta; dry at a low temperature. Ed. Ph. 
R. Wash blacksmiths' scales with water; dry; separate metallic iron by means of a magnet; reduce to powder, and proceed as for prepared chalk. Dub. Ph., 1826. R. Iron filings, any quantity; place in an earthenware pan, wet thoroughly with water; in an hour heap up on an iron pla'e; twelve hours afterwards moisten with hot water, and repeat this in twelve hours; and, a day afterwards, triturate with cold water, decant the turbid water, let it settle, collect the 
deposit on a filter, and, when perfectly drained, dry by a mild heat. Par. Cod. 
These do not give identical products, but they are sufficiently alike to be used for the samj purposes. 
Powder op Black Oxide op Iron. R. Black oxide of iron, three parts. Aromatic powder, six parts. Sugar, eight parts. 
Mix. Dose, thirty to forty grains, twice a-day, in Ieucorrhoea and rachitis. Swediaur. 
R. Black oxide of iron, Colombo, each, one drachm. Rind of bitter orange, half an ounce. Cinnamon, one scruple. 
Mix, and divide into nine powders. Three to be given a-day, in chlorosis and amenorrhoea. Brera. 
Pills of Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron, eight grains. Powdered saffron, " valerian, each, sixteen grains. Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. 
Mix, and form eight pills; four to eight a-day, in amenorrhoea. Foy. 
R. Black oxide of iron, 
Powdered canella, each, one drachm. Extract of ox bile, " centaury, each, three drachms. 
Mix, and form pills of four grains. Four to six a-day, in engorgements of the abdominal viscera. Pierquin. 
Electuary op Black Oxide of Iron. R. Black oxide of iron, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassa, two scruples. Prepared chalk, Ginger, each, two drachms. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. Mix well. Dose, half a drachm, two or three times a-day, in chlorosis and Ieucorrhoea. Swediaur. R. Black oxide of iron, 
Soap, each, one drachm. Extract of hemlock, twelve grains. " squill, one scruple. Oxymel, sufficient. 
Mix well. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy, with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. Brera. 
FERRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. 
Red Oxide of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, any quantity; heat till water of crystallization is expelled; then roast by a powerful heat, till all acid is driven off; wash, till all traces of acid disappear; dry. 
Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Astringent and tonic, and has been advised in neuralgia, &,c, in doses of five to fifteen grains, but is inferior to the subcarbonate. 
Pills op Red Oxide of Iron. R. Red oxide of iron, 
Powder of pot marigold, Extract of pot marigold, each, one drachm Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and form ninety pills. Highly spoken ot in cancerous affections; five to eight to be taken, three times a-day. Rust. 
Red Oxide of Iron Plaster. 
R. Litharge plaster, two pounds. Frankincense, half a pound. Red oxide of iron, three ounces. 
Melt the plaster and frankincense together, add the oxide, and stir well. Dub. Ph.. 1826. 


240 
FERRI PHOSPHAS —FERRI SULPHAS. 
< 
i 
R. Peroxide of iron, . one ounce. 
Burgundy pitch, two ounces. 
Litharge plaster, eight ounces. Melt the pitch and plaster, and add the iron, stirring constantly. . Dub. Ph., 1850. As a strengthening piaster, in muscular relaxation and weakness. R. Lead plaster, twenty-four parts. Resin, six parts. Olive oil, Yellow wax, each, three parts. Red oxide of iron, eight parts. Triturate the oxide with the oil, and add to a mixture of the other substances, melted together. Guibourt. 
FERRI PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate op Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, five ounces. Phosphate of soda, six ounces. Water, one gallon. 
Dissolve the sulphate and phosphate, each, in fimr pints of the water; mix the solutions, and let settle ; decant, wash the precipitate with hot water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Used with, advantage in amenorrhoea, and certain cases of dyspepsia. Dose, five to ten grains. 
FERRI SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Iron. R. Iron wire, in small pieces, twelve ounces. Sulphuric acid, eighteen ounces. Water, one gallon. Mix the acid and water, and add the iron; heat till effervescence ceases. Pour off the solution, add half a drachm of sulphuric acid, filter, the end of the funnel touching the bottom of the receiving vessel. Evaporate in a matrass, set aside to crystallize in a covered vessel, drain crystals in a funnel, dry, and keep in wellclosed bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Astringent and tonic. Dose, from one to five grains. 
Dried Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, at will. Heat over a moderate fire, in a porcelain vessel, till converted into a grayish-white mass, cool, and powder. Ed. Ph. 
Three grains are equal to five of the undried. 
Powder of Sulphate of Iron. R Powdered sulphate of iron, four grains, 4< ginger, ten to sixteen grains. 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, in amcnorrhoBa, chlorosis, &c. Saunders. 
R. Powdered sulphate of iron, half an ounce. Powdered tansy, three ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a drachm. As a vermifuge. Van. Ph. 
Pills of Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron, two parts Extract of dandelion, five parts. Conserve of red roses, two parts. Powdered liquorice root, three parts. 
Beat together, and form into five-grain pills. Ed. Ph. 
R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. Extract of wormwood, half an ounce. Syrup of saffron, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into one hundred and fifty pills. Four to five, three times a-day. In chlorosis, Ieucorrhoea, &c. Werlhof. 
R. Sulphate of iron, "] , Kino, l eacD ' , . r. J y one drachm Gentian, , , ,» m . » and a halt. Extract ot gentian, J Turpentine, three drachms, Powdered mallow root, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make two hundred and seventy pills. Ten, four times a-day, in secondary gonorrhoea. Walch. 
Bland's Anti-Chlorotic Pills. R. Sulphate of iron, in fine 
powder, oue ounce. 
Carbonate of potassa, in dry powder, one ounce. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, Powdered liquorice root, each, sufficient. 
To make ninety-nine pills. Triturate well, and divide into pills. To be taken, one in the morning and evening, for the first three days, a third pill at noon for the next three days, and so increased to nine a-day. Bland. 
Pills of Iron and Rhubarb. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. Conserve of red roses, five parts. 
Beat into mass, and form five-grain pills. Tonic and laxative, in dose of two or three. 
Compound Sulphate of Iron Pills. R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple Powdered senna, half a scruple 


241 
FERRI SULPHURETUM—FERRI ET POTAS&E TARTRAS. 
Powdered jalap, u cream of tar- 
tar, each, half a scruple. " ginger, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into twenty-five pills. Ellis 
These are known as Hooper's pills, as are also the following:— 
R. Barbadoes aloes, eight ounces. Sulphate of iron, four ounces. Extract of black hellebore, Myrrh, Soap, each, two ounces. Powdered canella, " ginger, each, one ounce. Water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into two and a half grain pills. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
As laxative and emmenagogue. 
R. Dried sulphate of iron, one scruple. Powdered aloes, two scruples. " cloves, five grains. Venice turpentine, sufficient. Form mass, and divide into twenty pills. One, three times a-day, as an emmenagogue. Ellis. 
Solution of Sulphate op Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, 
Alum, each, six ounces 
Water, forty-eight ounces 
Dissolve, filter, and add 
Sulphuric acid, 
four ounces 
In hemorrhages, in doses of ten or twelve drops in water. Spielmann. 
Sulphate of Iron Injection. 
R. Sulphate of iron, half to one drachm. Sage water, four ounces Mucilage gum Arabic, half a drachm 
Mix. As an injection, in nasal and uterine hemorrhages. Bcrends. 
Compound Iron Mixture. 
R. Myrrh, one drachm and a half. Oil of partridge berry, six drops. " nutmeg, two drops. Carbonate of potassa, two scruples. White sugar, one ounce. 
Sulphate of iron, half a drachm Distilled water, seven fl. ounces 
Rub down the myrrh and the oils with some of the water added very gradually, then add tlie carbonate of potassa and sugar, and lastly, the sulphate of iron, dissolved in the rest of the water, and immediately bottle. Bond. 
id 
Mixttjre of Sulphate of Iron. R. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Sulphuric acid, four to six drops. White sugar, one drachm. 
Water, " four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, with water, every two to four hours, as a tonic. Ellis. 
R. Sulphate of iron, four grains. Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, in a wineglass of water, three times a<day. Ellis. R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. 
one drachm. 
" gum Arabic, two drachms. Syrup, one fl. ounce. 
Infusion of chamomile, six fl. ounces. Mix well, and add 
Powdered sulphate of iron, fifteen grains. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three hours, as an emmenagogue. Frank. 
Frank. 
Syrup of Sulphate of Iron. 
R. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. Water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve, filter, and add Syrup of gum Arabic, seventeen 11. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, twice a-day, in chlorosis, Ieucorrhoea, &c. Soubeiran. 
FERRI SULPHURETUM. 
Sulphuret of Iron. 
Heat an iron rod to a white heat, apply to it a roll of sulphur, receiving the sulphuret of iron in water; separate it from the sulphur, dry, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. Dub. Ph. 
Used to make hydrosulphuric acid, by the addition of diluted sulphuric acid. 
FERRI ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. Tartrate op Iron and Potassa. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, three ounces. Muriatic acid, ten fl. ounces. Solution of 
potassa, five pints and a half. Bi tartrate of 
potassa, seven ounces and a half. Distilled water, one gallon and a half Mix the subcarbonate with the acid, digest for two hours, pour into a gallon of the water, let rest for an hour, decant, add solution of potassa, 


242 
FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS. 
wash precipitate, and whilst moist, mix with the bitartrate and half a gallon of the water; keep at a temperature of 140° for thirty hours, often stirring ; filter, and evaporate on a waterbath, at same temperature, to dryness. 17. & Ph., 1840. 
R. Sulphate of iron, eight ounces. Bitartrate of potassa, seven ounces. Distilled water, half a gallon. 
Prepare the hydrated oxide of iron from the sulphate. Mix the bitartrate of potassa with the water, heat to 140°, add the hydrated oxide, frequently stirring, until it is no longer dissolved. Then filter, and evaporate on a Water-bath, to the consistence of syrup, and spread it out on plates, that it may dry in the form of scales. U. S. Ph., 1850. 
Dose, from ten grains to half a drachm, in solution, or with an aromatic or bitter, in bolus. 
Powder of Tartrate of Iron and 
Colombo 
R. Tartrate of iron and 
potassa, two scruples. Powdered Colombo, half a drachm 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three or four hours, in syrup. As a tonic. Ellis. 
Effervescent Powder of Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of magnesia, two drachms. Carbonate of potassa, half an ounce. Tartrate of iron, two scruples. Teaspoonful in water in divided doses, during the day ; to be taken whilst effervescing. Radius. 
Solution of Tartrate of Iron and Potassa. 
R. Tartrate of iron and 
potassa, 
one ounce 
Cinnamon water, one pint 
Dissolve; as 9. lotion or fomentation for bruises- Internally, in Ieucorrhoea, chlorosis, &c. Swediaur. 
Compound Wine of Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of 
iron, one ounce and a half. Powdered gentian, u orange peel, each, half an ounce. 
Red wine, v » two pints 
Macerate for three days, and give a wine, glassful two or three times a-day. In dyspepsia, &c. Ellis. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, two ounces. Powdered cinnamon, one ounce. 
Rhenish wine, two pints. Macerate for some days, and filter. Van Mons. 
Wine of Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Subcarbonate of iron, one part. Rhenish wine, twenty-four parts. 
Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, one or two ounces. Soubeiran. 
Compound Tincture of Tartrate op Iron. 
R. Tartrate of iron wine, Tincture of calamus, Hoffmann's balsamic elixir, each, 
four fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, seventy drops, morning and evening in wine. Said to be an excellent remedy ii ascarides. Dorfmeuller 
FERRI AMMONIO-TARTRAS. 
Ammonio-Tartrate of Iron. 
R. Tartaric acid, one part. Boiling water, sufficient to dissolve; add 
Iron filings, three parts. Digest in a warm place, for two or three days. Add caustic ammonia in slight excess, stir well, pour off the solution, set it aside, decant the clear liquid, and evaporate to dryness; redissolve in distilled water, add a little more ammonia, filter, and evaporate, in shallow, porcelain dishes, by a gentle heat, till it becomes brittle, then chip it off with a blunt-pointed knife. Aikin. 
R. Tartaric acid, fifty drachms. Water, one gallon. Saturate with 
Carbonate of ammonia, 
and add fifty drachms more of acid. Heat the solution in a water-bath, and add moist hydrated oxide of iron (derived from fifty-three and a half drachms of subcarbonate of iron dissolved in muriatic acid, and precipitated by ammonia.) Digest till the oxide is dissolved; filter, and evaporate to dryness by means of a water-bath. 
W. Procter. 
Has the same properties as the other preparations of iron, but has the advantage of being readily soluble, of being more palatable, and very permanent. The dose is five grains or more, in pills or solution. 


243 
FERRI TANNAS—FILIX MAS. 
Solution op Ammonio-Tartrate op Iron. 
R. Aminonio-tartrate of iron, half a drachm. 
Distilled water, seven fl. drachms. Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. 
Mix, and dissolve. Aikin. 
FERRI TANNAS. 
Tannate op Iron. 
R. Tannic acid, ninety parts. Boiling water, sufficient 
to dissolve ; add gradually Subcarbonate of iron, 
four hundred and forty parts. 
Agitate till effervescence ceases. Evaporate at 176°, in a porcelain vessel, until it becomes thick, then dry on a plate, in a stove, at 95°. Benedetti. 
Found useful in chlorosis, in doses of two or three grains, thrice a-day, increasing the dose as required. 
FERRI VALERIANAS. 
Valerianate of Iron. 
R. Clean iron filings, at will. Put in a wedgewood mortar, add gradually an equal weight of valerianic acid, stirring continually. In an hour, add distilled water, pour the whole into a flask, warm gently, and filter. The surface, exposed to the air, becomes covered with a crystalline layer of valerianate of iron. Collect this on a filter, repeat this as long as crystals are formed. 
Dose, one to two grains. Ruspini. R. Convert four ounces of sulphate of iron into the persulphate, (as directed in the formula for the hydrated peroxide of iron, and add water to make the solution measure eight fl. ounces. Then dissolve five ounces, three drachms, of valerianate of soda in half a pint of water, and mix the two solutions. Wash the precipitate on a filter, and dry it by placing it for some days, rolled in bibulous paper, on porous brick. 
It should be kept in a well-stopped bottle. Dub. Ph. 
FICUS. 
Figs. 
Figs are the fruit of Ficus carica, a small tree, a native of Asia, and now cultivated in all warm climates. There are numerous varieties 
Sex. Syst. Polygam. dioec. Nat. Syst. Mo- 
raceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1513. Griffith, Med. Bot. 576. They come to this country in a dry state, from the ports of the Levant. They are nutritious, laxative, and demulcent, and are used in medicine in demulcent decoctions, and sometimes externally, as a suppurative poultice. 
Decoction op Figs. 
R. Figs, one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Boil, and strain. Demulcent and pectoral. 
Cadet. 
Gargle of Figs 
R. Figs, Mallow root, each, one ounce. 
Milk, two pints. Boil away one-fourth. As an emollient gargle in sore throat. Radius. 
Compound Decoction op Figs. 
R. Figs, Raisins, each, two ounces. Barley water, two pints. 
Boil for a quarter of an hour, and add Liquorice root, half an ounce. 
Infuse, and strain. Foy. This is identical with the compound decoction of barley, of the Lond. Ph., and like it, is nutritive, demulcent, and laxative. 
Coffee of Figs. 
R. Figs, roasted like coffee, two drachms. Water, one pint. 
Boil gently, and strain. Radius. This is said to be an excellent substitute for 
coffee, and to form an excellent diet in diseases of the chest. 
Paste of Figs. 
R. Figs, at will. Reduce to a pulp, express through a hair-sieve, mix with four times the weight of nugar, concentrate by a gentle heat, and cut into lozenges. Soubeiran. 
FILIX MAS. 
Male Fern. 
The Male Fern is the rhizome of Nephrodium (Aspidimn) Jilix mas, a native of the temperate regions of the whole world, in shady, rather damp situations. 
Sex. Syst. Crypt, fil. Nat. Syst. Polypodiacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 1551. (Polypodium). Griffith. Med. Bot. 670. 


244 
F(ENICTJLUM 
The rhizome is of a brown color, externally, with a feeble, but peculiar odor, and a sweet, bitter, astringent taste. It should always be used as fresh as possible. It is tonic and anthelmintic, but is not much used in this country. The dose, in substance, is from one to three drachms, twice a-day. 
Powder op Male Fern. R. Male fern, one 
one ounce. 
Gamboge, Calomel, each, fourteen grains. Scammony, eighteen grains. 
Mix, and divide into three powders. In tapeworm. Cadet. 
Bolus of Male Fern. 
R. Male fern, half an ounce. 
Rhubarb, two drachms. 
Semen contra, half an ounce. 
Calomel, one drachm. 
Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve boluses. Spielmann. 
Ethereal Extract of Male Fern. R. Powdered male fern, at will. Exhaust it in a displacement apparatus, with ether, and distil off the ether. Dose, from fifteen to twenty grains, twice a-day. 
Pills of Extract of Male Fern. R. Ethereal extract of 
male fern, one scruple. Powder of male fern, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve to sixteen pills. To be taken in hie evening, at short intervals. Peschier. 
Oil of Male Fern. 
R. Powdered male fern, four parts. Alcohol, eight parts. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, decant, repeat the operation with five parts of alcohol, unite the liquids, distil off the alcohol, mix the residue with three parts of water, distil, and permit to rest, and collect the oil which sinks to the bottom, and, wash it with pure water. 
Magendie. 
Pills of Oil of Male Fern. 
R. Oil of male fern, twenty-four drops. Powdered mallow root, three scruples. Fresh lard, two scruples. 
Mix, and divifH into twenty-four pills. Onehalf to be taken in the evening, and the remainder next morning, and, an hour afterwards, 
dose of caster oil. 
Jourdan. 
Electuary op Male Fern. R. Ethereal extract of 
male fern, half a drachm. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Mix. Half in the evening, the remainder the next morning. Radius. 
Jelly with Male Fern. R. Male fern, 
Corsica moss, each, six drachms. Isinglass, one drachm. Water, eight ounces. 
Boil to three ounces, and strain; add Ethereal extract of 
male fern, one scruple. Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. 
To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Phabus. 
Mixture of Male Fern. 
R. Male fern, half an ounce. Elecampane, two drachms. Wormwood, a handful. Semen contra, one drachm. Water, sufficient 
to obtain a quart of decoction; add Vermifuge syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. Bories. R. Powdered male fern, four drachms. Balm water, three ounces. Syrup of gum, one ounce. Mix. To be taken in the evening, and, next morning an ounce of castor oil. Radius. 
FCENICULUM. 
Fennel. 
There are several varieties, or species of Fennel, closely resembling each other, and having the same properties ; that recognized as officinal by the U. S. Pharm., is the F. vulgare, a native of Europe, and often cultivated in the gardens in this country. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 377. Griffith, Med. Bot. 321. The part used is the seeds. These are fragrant, with a sweetish, warm, pleasant, aromatic taste. They are employed as a carminative, and as corrective of other, and more unpleasant remedies. The dose of the powder, is from a scruple to half a drachm. 
Compound Powder of Fennel. R. Powdered fennel seed, " anise, each, one " lettuce, y ounce and " white poppy, a half. " benne, 
six ounces. 
u sugar, 


245 
FRASERA —FULIGO. 
Mix. Dose, a drachm two or three times a-day. Said to increase the secretion of milk in nursing women. Niemann. 
Infusion of Fennel. 
R. Fennel seed, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for two hours, and strain. Given in teaspoonful doses to infants, in windy colic, or used as an enema, for the same purpose. Taddei. 
Fennel Water. 
R. Oil of fennel, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. 
Rub the oil with the magnesia, gradually add the water, constantly rubbing, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Oil of Fennel. 
at will. 
R. Bruised fennel seed, Water, 
sufficient. Guibourt. 
Mix, and distil. 
Dose, five to fifteen drops. 
Essence of Fennel. 
R. Oil of fennel, one fl. ounce. 
Alcohol, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, twenty or thirty drops. Dub. Ph. 
Fennel Ointment. 
R. Oil of fennel, thirty drops. Lard, four ounces. 
Triturate together. Said to destroy lice in the hair. Niemann. 
FRASERA. 
American Colombo. 
The Frasera Walteri is one of the tallest and most elegant of our native herbaceous plants, sometimes attaining a height of ten feet, with a pyramid of yellowish-white flowers, of three or four feet in length. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gentianaceee. 
Walter, Fl. Carol. 87. Griffith, Med. Bot. 462. The root, which is the officinal portion, is large and succulent, and is usually dried in circular sections, like Colombo. It has no odor in a dried state, but possesses a sweetish-bitter laste. It is a mild bitter tonic, suited to all cases to which the simple bitters are applicable. The dose, ir powder, is from thirty grains to a 
drachm. 
Infusion of American Colombo. R. American Colombo, bruised, one 
ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for an hour, and strain. Wood. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces several times a-day. 
Tincture of American Colombo. 
R. Contused American Colombo, one 
ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, one to three drachms. Dunglison. 
FULIGO. 
Soot. 
The soot of wood is of a black color, has a peculiar smell, and a bitter, disagreeable, era. pyreumatic taste. It owes its properties to the presence of pyrogenous oil or resin, and creasote ; but also contains various salts, united to acetic acid. It was formerly officinal, but gradually was relinquished in regular practice ; but, of late years, has again attracted attention, and has been employed with success in a variety of diseases. 
Pills of Soot. 
R. Extract of soot, half a drachm. Comp. galbanum pill, one scruple. Oil of valerian, ten minims. 
Mixwcll,and form twelve pills; two,thrice a-day, in hysteria. Neligan. 
R. Soot, me drachm and a half. Carbonate of ammonia, half a drachm. 
Tar, sufficient. Mix, and make five-grain pills. Ferriar 
Decoction of Soot, 
R. Soot, two handfuls. Water, two pints 
Boil for half an hour, and strain. As a iotion, in herpetic, psoric, and venereal ulcers. Soubeiran, 
Tincture of Soot. 
R. Soot, one part Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 
Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, as an antispasmodic 
Guibourt. 
in hysteria, &c. 


246 
FULIGOKALI 
Mixture op Soot. 
R. Soot, half an ounce. Carbonate of 
potassa, one ounce and a half. Carbonate of ammonia, two drachms. Elder-flower water, nine fl. ounces. 
Digest for some time by a gentle heat, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops, several times a-day. In dyspepsia, suppressed cutaneous affections, &c. Dunglison. 
R. Hickory ashes, one quart. Soot, six ounces. Roiling water, one gallon. 
Mix, and digest for twenty-four hours, frequently stirring, and decant. A teacupful, three times a-day, used in dyspepsia. Ellis. 
Soot Mouth-Wash. 
R. Extract of soot, 
Extract of soot, one part. Vinegar, twelve parts. 
Mix. A few drops, in a glass of tepid water, in aphthous sore mouth. Soubeiran. 
Oil of Soot. 
R. Soot, four ounces. 
Olive oil, twelve ounces. 
Boil, and strain. As an application to ulcers in the mouth, or on the genitals. Radius. 
Soot Ointment. 
R. Soot, one part. Lard, four parts. 
Triturate together. As an application in tinea, scrofulous sores, &c. Soubeiran. 
Compound Soot Ointment. 
R. Soot, Lard, each, half an ounce. Extract of belladonna, one drachm. 
Triturate together. As an application to cancerous sores. Radius. 
R. Soot, an ounce and a half. Lard, . four ounces. Sulphate of zinc, six drachms. 
Triturate together. In cases of tinea. Bories. R. Soot, 
Powdered Peruvian 
bark, each, half an ounce. Powdered charcoal, " sulphur, each, one ounce. Lard, sufficient 
to make an ointment. In tinea. Radius. 
Cataplasm of Soot. 
R. Soot, two ounces. 
Whites of eggs, six. 
Mix. As an application to tinea, herpes, and scrofulous ulcers. St. Marie. 
Injection of Soot, 
R. Decoction of soot, 
Decoction of soot, one pint. Alum, half an ounce. 
Water, six ounces. 
Mix. Advised as an injection, in Ieucorrhoea. Soubeiran. 
FULIGOKALI. FULIGOKALI. 
R. Potassa, twenty parts. Shining soot, one hundred parts. Water, sufficient. 
Boil for an hour, cool, dilute with water, filter, evaporate to dryness, and keep in well-closed bottles. Deschamps. 
Used, both internally and externally, in chro nic cutaneous disorders. Dose, two to three grains, several times a-day. 
Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R. Fuligokali, sixty ] 
Fuligokali, sixty parts. Potassa, fourteen parts. Sulphur, five parts. 
Dissolve the sulphur and potassa, add the fuligokali, and evaporate to dryness. 
Pills of Sulphuretted Fuligokali. R. Sulphuretted fuligokali, five drachms. Starch, two drachms and a half. Tragacanth, eight grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred pills, and cover them with two or three coats of tragacanth. Deschamps. 
Ointment of Fuligokali. 
R. Fuligokali, sixteen to thirty grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Triturate together. Used as a detersive, resolvent, and somewhat stimulant application, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Gibert. 


247 
GALBANUM 
G 
GALBANUM. Galbanum. 
This is the concrete juice of an unknown plant, but generally admitted to belong to the Apiaceae. According to Don, and others, the Asiatic galbanum is the product of Galbanum officinale, a native of Persia. Don, Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. 603. Griffith, Med. Bot. 333. 
Galbanum is in whitish or yellowish tears, or in brownish-yellow, or brownish masses, formed of these tears agglutinated, and containing various impurities. The odor is peculiar, and somewhat balsamic; the taste is hot, bitter, and acrid. It is stimulant, expectorant, and antispasmodic, in doses of ten to twenty grains; and also used externally to indolent swellings, &c. 
Purified Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum, one part. Alcohol, four parts. 
Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, treat the residue with a fresh quantity of alcohol, unite the two solutions, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Guibourt. 
Guibourt. 
Compound Galbanum Pills. 
R. Galbanum, 
Myrrh, each, six drachms. Assafetida, two drachms. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains, in chlorosis and hysteria. 
R. Galbanum, two drachms. Oil of savine, four to twelve drops. Malate of iron, one drachm and a half. Powdered valerian, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Two, three times a-day, in amenorrhcea, chlorosis, &c. Phoebus. 
Galbanum Mixture. 
R. Galbanum, two drachms, Vinegar of squills, Fennel water, each, two fl. ounces. Spirit of Mindererus, two fl. drachms. Nitric ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of mallows, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. Three or four spoonfuls a-day, in humid asthma. Jahn. 
Tincture op Galbanum. 
R. Galbanum, in small pieces, two ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Digest for seven days, and filter. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Antispasmodic, &c. In doses of one to three fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture op Galbanum. 
R. Tincture of galbanum, " wormwood, Spirit of rosemary, equal parts. Mix. Dose, forty to fifty drops. Augustin. 
Galbanum Plaster. 
R. Lead plaster, two pounds. Galbanum, half a pound. Yellow wax, four ounces. 
Melt the galbanum, add the plaster and wax, and melt the whole, and strain. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Compound Galbanum Plaster. 
R. Galbanum, eight ounces. Turpentine, ten drachms. Burgundy pitch, three ounces. Lead plaster, three pounds. 
Melt the galbanum and turpentine together, strain, add the pitch, and then the lead plaster, melted ; mix well. U. S. Ph. 
A good application to chronic, scrofulous enlargements of the glands and joints. 
R. Galbanum and saffron 
plaster, eight parts. Camphor, Petroleum, Subcarbonate of ammonia, each, 
one part. 
Melt together. In chronic rheumatism. Augustin 
R. Galbanum, Turpentine, each, one part. 
Melt, strain, and add a melted mixture of White wax, four parts. Spermaceti, two parts. Oil of almonds, one part. 
Mix well. A milder application than any of the above. Spielmann. 


r 
248 
GALIUM VERUM —GALLA. 
GALIUM VERUM. 
Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. 
A perennial, herbaceous plant, native of Europe, which is stated to have the power of coagulating milk, and also used to dye yellow. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubiaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 155. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. i. 202. 
The whole plant is used ; it has an agreeable odor, and an astringent, acidulous, somewhat acrid taste. It was, at one time, much used in epilepsy and hysteria, and also as an application in cutaneous affections. 
Infusion of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. 
R. Flowers of yellow ladiesbedstraw, two drachms. 
Boiling water, two pints. Digest for an hour, and strain. To be taken in a tepid state, in wineglassful doses, as a sedative and antispasmodic, in cerebral affections. Chaussier. 
Wine of Yellow Ladies-Bedstraw. R. Expressed juice of yellow 
ladies-bedstraw, six fl. ounces. White wine, one to two fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in epilepsy, as soon as indications of an attack manifest themselves. 
Bories. 
GALLA. 
Galls. 
Galls are morbid excrescences on Querent infectoria, caused by the puncture of a hymenopferous insect, the Diplolepis galla tinctorial. They come from the Levant ports, and present several varieties, the best of which are dark colored. They are round, hard, solid, brittle, inodorous, and have a bitter, very astringent taste. They contain tannic and gallic acids. They are powerfully astringent. They are more used as external applications, than as internal remedies. Dose, ten to thirty grains, heveral times a-day. 
Compound Powder of Galls. R. Powdered galls, 
" kino, each, half an ounce. " alum, two drachms. 
Mix. As a styptic. Radius. 
Decoction of Galls. 
R. Galls, 
half an ounce. 
Water, 
one pint and a half. 
Boil to a pint, and strain. 
R. Bruised galls, two ounces and a half. Water, two pints. 
Boil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
Infusion of Galls. 
R. Powdered galls, one to two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Digest for half an hour, and strain. Used for injections, fomentations, gargles, &c. Taddei. 
Compound Infusion of Galls. R. Infusion of galls, four fl. ounces. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. Tincture of opium, half fl. drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In diarrhoea. Ellis. 
Gargle of Galls. 
R. Infusion of galls, seven fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a gargle in relaxation of uvula and soil palate. Ellis. 
Lotion of Galls. 
R. Claret wine, one pint. Common salt, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, two drachms. 
Boil for a few minutes, and add 
Oxide of copper, one drachm. Boil for two minutes. Add 
Powdered galls, two drachms. This is used to color the hair; it is to be washed with this fluid, dried with a warm cloth, and then washed with common water. 
Laforest. 
Syrup of Galls. 
R. Bruised galls, two drachms. Brandy, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. Burn out the spirit, and add Powdered cinnamon, " mace, each, two drachms. While hot, add sugar by burning it over the inflamed brandy, till a syrup is formed. Decant. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. In obstinate chronic diarrhoea. Parrish. 
Tincture of Galls. 
R. Bruised galls, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. V. S. Ph. 
A powerful astringent, in doses of one to three fl. drachms. 


249 
GAM BOGIA 
R. Bruised galls, one pound- 
Water, two pints. 
Macerate twenty-four hours, and add 
Alcohol, two pints. Eau de Cologne, six fl. ounces. 
Alcohol, 
Filter. As an injection, diluted with water, in Ieucorrhoea and gonorrhoea. Gibert. 
Extract of Galls 
R. Galls, in coarse powder, at will. Macerate in sufficient watei to cover them for twenty-four hours; then introduce the moist mass into a displacer, and act on it with water, until the galls are nearly exhausted; evaporate the infusion to dryness, on a water-bath. 
Ointment of Extract of Galls. R. Extract of galls, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. Triturate the extract with a little water, until it is reduced to a uniform syrupy consistence, then add the lard, and mix thoroughly. D. S. Jones. 
Ointment op Galls. 
R. Galls, in very fine powder, one ounce. Lard, seven ounces. 
Mix. As an application to piles, prolapsus ani, and to indolent ulcers. U. S. Fh. 
Compound Ointment of Galls. R. Galls, in very fine powder, two drachms. 
Powdered opium, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix well. Ed. Fh. As an application to irritable piles, &c. 
R. Powdered galls, Tincture of opium, each, two parts. Camphor, one part. Lard, eight parts. 
Triturate well together. As an application to painful piles. Foy. R. Finely powdered galls, one scruple. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Essence of lemon, twenty drops. Lead water, Laudanum, each, forty drops. 
Rub well together. As an application to hemorrhoids, after subsidence of inflammation. Dewees. 
GAMBOGIA. 
Gamboge. 
This is the concrete juice of several species of East Indian trees, probably belonging to the genus Hebradendron. 
Sex. Syst. Poly and. monog. Nat. Syst. Clu- 
siaceffi. 
Graham, Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 199. Griffith, Med. Bot. 152. 
Gamboge is a gum resin, of a yellow-orange color, opaque, brittle, almost inodorous, of an insipid taste at first, but soon becoming acrid. It is a powerful hydragogue and drastic purgative, but apt to produce nausea and vomiting. Dose, from one to six grains, in pill, emulsion, or alkaline solution. 
Compound Powder of Gamboge. R. Bitartrate of potassa, two drachms. Powdered jalap, one drachm. " gamboge, six grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be given every two or three hours, in syrup, as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. 
R. Powdered gamboge, two grains. " sulphate of iron, six grains. " sugar, one scruple. Oil of peppermint, three drops. Mix. To be taken twice a-day, against tapeworm. Vogt. 
Compound Pills of Gamboge. 
R. Powdered gamboge,' one drachm. " aloes, one drachm and 
a half. 
" ginger, half a drachm. Soft soap, two drachms. 
Beat into mass. Lond. Fh. Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative. 
R. Powdered gamboge, ten grains. " guaiacum, Blanched almonds, each, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form twenty-eight pills. Two to four, as a gentle purgative. Saunders. 
Alkaline Solution of Gamboge. R. Powdered gamboge, one drachm. Carbonate of potassa, three drachms. Water, six fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. Dose, fifteen drops, every three hours, as a hydragogue in dropsies. Van Mons. 
Gamboge Mixture. 
R. Powdered gamboge, four grains. Spirit of nitric ether, one fl. drachm. Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. Mint water, Syrup of buckthorn, each, half a fl. ounce 
Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in dropsy, especially in hydrothorax. Ferriar 


250 
GAULTHERIA — GENTIAN A. 
R. Gamboge, two scruples. Tartrate of potassa, one ounce. White sugar, two drachms. 
Water, six ounces. 
Make a solution. As a purgative, in ascites. A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, until it operates. Dewees. 
Gamboge and Elaterin Mixture. R. Gamboge, four grains. Elaterin, half a grain. Sweet spirit of nitre, one ounce. Water, four ounces. Mix. As a hydragogue purgative, in ascites. A tablespoonful, to be taken every two or three hours, until free purgation is induced. Dewees. 
Alkaline Tincture op Gamboge. R. Gamboge, one part. Carbonate of potassa, two parts. Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. Digest for some days, and filter. Scherf. 
Ammoniacal Tincture op Gamboge. R. Gamboge, thirty-six grains. Spirit of ammonia, four fl. ounces. Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Swediaur. 
GAULTHERIA. 
Partridge Berry. 
The leaves of Gaultheria procumhens, a small, indigenous, evergreen plant, found in most parts of the United States, in dry, sandy situations. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ericacere. 
Kalm, Amcen. Acad. iii. 14. Griffith, Med. Bot. 424. 
These leaves have a peculiar, aromatic taste and odor, with a little astringency. They are stimulant, and somewhat tonic and astringent; and are much used in the form of tea, in bowel diseases, and as an emmenagogue. 
Oil of Partridge Berry. 
R..Leaves of partridge berry, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and collect the oil that passes. Coxe. Principally used to flavor mixtures, <fec. In large doses, is poisonous. Dissolved in diluted alcohol, is in common use as a carminative and stimulant. 
Partridge-Berry Water. 
R. Oil of partridge berry, sixteen drops. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Water, one pint. 
Triturate the oil, magnesia, and a little of the water together, then add the rest of the water, and filter. 
GENTIANA. 
Gentian. 
The roots of several species of gentian are used in medicine ; but that which is most generally recognized as officinal, is Gentiana lutea, a tall, perennial plant, native of the mountains of Europe. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Gentianacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 329. Griffith, Med. Bot. 460. The root is of a grayish-brown color externally, and yellowish within; it has a slightly sweetish, but extremely bitter taste, and a faint, but peculiar odor. It is a pure and simple bitter tonic, with no astringency. The dose of the powder is from ten to forty grains, but is seldom given in this form. 
Compound Powder op Gentian. R. Powdered gentian, 
" cascarilla, " orange peel, each, one drachm 
Peppermint sugar, three drachms. Mix. Dose, thirty grains, several times a-day, as a stomachic. Augustin. 
Extract op Gentian. 
R. Gentian, iu coarse powder, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Exhaust the powder by means of displacement. Heat the filtered liquid to the boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains, as a tonic; also as a basis for various metallic pills. 
Fluid Extract op Gentian. 
R. Powdered gentian, sixteen ounces. Water, sufficient. 
French brandy, six fl. ounces. Macerate the gentian for twelve hours in two and a half pints of water, introduce into a percolator, add water, and pass five pints of infusion. Evaporate this to ten fl. ounces on a water, bath, add the brandy, and strain through cotton flannel. Dose, half a fl. drachm. 
W. Procter, Jr. 
Compound Gentian Pills. 
R. Powdered aloes, one drachm. Extract of gentian, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, ten drops. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of four grains. Two or three for a dose, as a purgative. Ellis. 


251 
GENTIANA 
Extract of gentian, Powdered rhubarb, Soap, equal parts. 
Water, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form four-grain pills. Tonic and laxative. Fulda Dispen. 
Infusion op Gentian. 
R. Contused gentian, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Beral. 
Compound Infusion of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, half an ounce. " orange peel, " coriander, each, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, four fl. ounces. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Pour on the alcohol, and, in three hours, add the water, macerate for twelve hours, and strain. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a fl. ounce, as a tonic. R. Bruised gentian, " calamus, each, one ounce. Centaury, six drachms. Rosemary, two drachms. Boiling water, four pints. 
Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of three ounces, twice a-day. Spielmann. 
Infusion of Gentian with Rhubarb. 
R. Bruised gentian, one drachm. " rhubarb, two drachms. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Carbonate of ammonia, two scruples. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism, &c. Steph. and Church. 
Mixture of Gentian. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, as an antilithic, where uric acid abounds. Brande. 
R. Extract of gentian, two drachms. Carbonate of potassa, two scruples. Mint water, five fl. ounces. Tincture of orange'peel, five fl. drachms. 
Sugar, one ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, as a stomachic and carminative. Berends. 
Wine op Gentian. R. Gentian, coarselypowdered, half an ounce. Yellow bark, coarselypowdered, one ouDce. 
Orange peel, two drachms. Canella, in coarse powder, one drachm. Proof spirit, four fl. ounces and a half. Sherry wine, thirty-six fl. ounces. 
Digest the root and barks in the spirit, for twenty-four hours; add wine, digest for seven days, express, strain, and filter. Ed. Ph. 
A stomachic bitter, in doses of four to eight fl. drachms. 
Syrup of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, in coarse powder, forty-eight parts. Cold water, sufficient. Syrup, fifteen hundred parts. Put the gentian in a displacement apparatus, and make a strong infusion; filter this, and add to boiling syrup, of such a consistence, as, after the addition, it will make 30° Baume. Tauvel. 
Syrup of Extract op Gentian. R. Aqueous extract of geni 11 
tian, two drachms. Water, eight fl. ounces. Sugar, sixteen ounces (av.). 
Dissolve the extract in the water, add the sugar, and form a syrup with a gentle heat, and strain. W. Procter. 
Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Gentian, one part. Diluted alcohol, four parts. 
Macerate for six days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Cottereau. 
Acidulated Tincture of Gentian. R. Compound tincture of 
gentian, four fl. ounces. Elixir of vitriol, half fl. drachm. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, in sugar and water, three or four times a-day. Ellis 
Compound Tincture of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, two ounces. Orange peel, one ounc**. 
Bruised cardamom, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
An excellent bitter tonic, in doses of one fl drachm. 


252 
GENTIANIN—GEOFFROYA INERMIS. 
i 
Ammoniacal Tincture of Gentian. R. Bruised gentian, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Carbonate of ammonia, two drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate the root in the alcohol for eight days, filter, and add the ammonia. Dose, one to four . drachms, in scrofula. Taddei. 
Alkaline Tincture op Gentian. 
R. Bruised gentian, one ounce. 
Carbonate of soda, three drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for eight days, and filter. Used in same cases, and same doses, as the former. Guibourt. 
Mixture of Tincture of Gentian. 
R. Tincture of gentian, one fl. ounce and a half. Tincture of rhubarb, " cinnamon, each, half fl. ounce. 
u opium, ten drops. 
Mix. A dessertspoonful, every hour, in diarrhoea. Foy. 
R. Extract of gentian, " cascarilla, each, two drachms. 
Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, as a tonic and stomachic. St. Marie. 
Gentian and Sulphuric Acid Mixture. 
R. Compound infusion of gentian, five fl. ounces. Compound tincture of gentian, one fl. ounce. Diluted sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day, in dyspepsia. » Brande. 
GENTIANIN. 
Gentianin. R. Powdered gentian, at will. 
Macerate in cold ether, and repeat till exhausted; unite the tinctures, and distil; treat the residue several times with cold alcohol, distil the tinctures, evaporate the residue to dryness; mix it with an excess of magnesia, treat with sulphuric ether, then with oxalic acid, then again with the ether, and distil. Magendie. Dose, one to two grains. 
Pills of Gentianin. 
R. Gentianin, five grains. Conserve of roses, Powdered liquorice, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six pills. 
Syrup of Gentianin. 
R. Gentianin, sixteen grains. Syrup, one pound. 
Dissolve, and boil for a short time. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Bories. 
Bories. 
Tincture of Gentianin. 
R. Gentianin, five grains. Alcohol, one ounce. 
Mix. Dose, from one to four drachms. Cadet. 
GERANIUM. 
Cranesbill. 
This is the root of Geranium maculatum, a native, perennial plant, found, in most parts of the country, in woods and shady places. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Geraniacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 955. Griffith, Med. Bot. 209. The root is in small rough pieces, of a darkbrown color externally, and flesh-colored within. It is inodorous; the taste is astringent, but not bitter. The dose is from ten to thirty grains, as an astringent, in all cases in which kino or rhatany is found useful. 
Decoction of Geranium. R. Geranium, one 
one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Wood 
Extract of Geranium. 
R. Bruised geranium root, one pound. Water, one gallon. 
Boil down to one-half, strain, and evaporate to due consistence. This extract is very similar to that of Rhatany, and may be given in the same cases, and in the same doses. 
GEOFFROYA INERMIS. Cabbage-Tree Bark. 
The Cabbage-Tree is a native of the West India Islands; it is a large tree, having a smooth, gray bark. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fubaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1043. Griffith, Med. Bot. 247. (Andira.) 


253 
GEUM —GILLENIA. 
The bark is in long, fibrous pieces, of a brownish ash color externally, and yellowish within; it has a resinous fracture, an unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It is a powerful vermifuge, in doses of a scruple to hull" a drachm. The best form of administration is in syrup. 
Decoction of Cabbage-Tree Bark. R. Cabbage-tree bark, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Water, two pints. Botl down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Ellis. 
Extract of Cabbaqe-Tree Bark. R. Cabbage-tree bark, one part. Water, eight parts. Boil for a quarter of an hour, strain; add four parts of water, boil, and strain ; evaporate the united decoctions to a proper consistence. Dose, three grains. Belg. Ph. 
Mixture of Cabbage-Tree - Bark. R. Cabbage-tree bark, half an ounce. Water, six ounces. Boil for half an hour, strain, and add 
Tincture of cabbage-tree bark, one ounce. 
Syrup of orange peel, half an ounce. A tablespoonful, morning and evening. Niemann. 
GEUM. Avens. 
1. GEUM RIVALE. 
Water Avens. 
This plant is a native of Europe and the United States, in wet, boggy situations. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 717. English Bot. 1. 106. Root reddish or purplish, hard and brittle, inodorous, of an astringent, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used advantageously in passive hemorrhages, Ieucorrhoea, &c. The dose, in powder, is from a scruple to a drachm, three times a-day. 
Decoction of Water Avens. 
R. Water avens root, one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. To be given ia doses of one or two fl. ounces. 
2. GEUM VIRGINIANUM. 
White Avens. 
Also a native of the United States, growing in woods and along streams. Flowers small and white. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 719. Griffith, Med. Bot. 279. The root is of a brown color, somewhat aro¦* 
matic, and of a bitterish, astringent taste. It has the same properties as the G. rivale, and is given in the same cases and doses. 
3. GEUM URBANUM 
Avens. 
A native of Europe, growing in woods and waste places. The flowers are small, and of a yellow color. Linn. Sp. PI. 716. Eng. Bot. i. 1400. The root consists of a short caudex with many long fibres. When fresh, it has somewhat the odor of cloves, but when dry, is almost inodorous. The taste is bitter and astringent. Like the other species, it is tonic and astringent. 
Compound Powder of Avens. R. Powdered avens root, 
" gum Arabic, each, three drachms. 
" kino, u cinnamon, each, one drachm. " sugar, half an ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours, in diarrhoea. Vogel, 
Mixture of Avens. 
R. Bruised avens, one ounce. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil to eight ounces, and to the strained cold decoction, add 
Extract of avens, two drachms. 
Sulphuric ether, one drachm. Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours. As a febrifuge. Radius. 
GILLENIA. 
Indian Physic. 
This is the root of Gillenia trifoliata, and G. stipulacea, native herbaceous plants, found in most parts of the country, in shady, and rather marsh situations. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentag. Nat. Syst. Rosacere. 
Moench Sp. PI. 286. Griffith, Med. Bot. 282. The roots are about as thick as a quill, wrinkled longitudinally, and irregularly undulated ; a light brown color, and consisting of a thick cortical portion, and a slender ligoeous 


254 
GLYCERIN A — GLYCYRRHIZA 
centre. The bark is of a disagreeable, bitter taste. It is a mild and certain emetic, and forms a good substitute for ipecacuanha. The dose is from twenty to thirty grains, to be repeated in half an hour, if it does not produce the desired effect. 
GLYCERIN A. 
Glycerin. 
R. Lead plaster, recently prepared, and fluid, Boiling water, each, one gallon. Mix, stir briskly for fifteen minutes, cool, and pour off the supernatant liquid. Evaporate this to the specific gravity 1.15, and pass a current of sulphuretted hydrogen slowly through it while a black precipitate is thrown down. Filter, boil, and evaporate until the liquid ceases to lose weight. U. S. Ph. 
In a pure state it is a nearly colorless, viscid fluid, and is uncrystallizable. Sp. gr. 1.25. It has been used with success in lotions, poultices, baths, &c, to render them emollient and soothing; in diseases of the skin, as pityriasis, impetigo, chapped hands, nipples, face, &c. 
Lotion of Glycerin. R. Glycerin, one fl. 
one fl. drachm. 
Borax, ten grains. Rose water, seven fl. drachms. 
Mix. Used as a lotion in lichen, three times a-day ; also in chapped hands. Clymer. 
Glycerin Ointment. 
R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 
Melt the wax and spermaceti with the oil of almonds at a moderate heat, add the glycerin, and rub until well mixed and cold. 
Used to protect and soothe inflamed surfaces. J. H. Ecky. R. White wax, Spermaceti, each, one ounce and a half. 
Lard, five ounces. Glycerin, one fl. ounce. 
Melt the wax and spermaceti, add the lard and stir till the mixture thickens, then add the glycerin and mix thoroughly. 
Used as a substitute for spermaceti cerate. Laidley. 
Glycerin Paste. R. Gum Arabic, one ounce. 
Boiling water, two fl. ounces. Glycerin, two fl. drachms. 
Dissolve the gum in the water, add the glycerin, «nd strain if necessary. P. B. Goddard, 
GLYCYRRHIZA. 
Liquorice Root. 
Several species of this genus have sweet and demulcent roots, but the only officinal species is the G. glabra, a native of the south of Europe, and of some parts of Asia and Africa, and also successfully cultivated in more northern regions. 
Sex. Syst. Diadclph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1046. Griffith, Med. Bot. 236. The root is in long pieces of various thick nesses, of a grayish-brown color externally, and yellowish within ; it is inodorous, and of a sweet, mucilaginous taste, with a slight degree of acidity. It is an excellent demulcent, and is much used in affections of the mucous membranes, and as an addition to the more irritating or nauseous remedies, to abate their acrimony or conceal their taste. 
Extract of Liquorice. 
R. Fresh liquorice root, bruised, two pounds and a half. Boiling distilled water, two gallons. Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to a gallon, and strain, evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Refined Liquorice 
R. Crude liquorice, at will. Dissolve in water, strain, and evaporate. These two articles are useful demulcents, and additions to cough mixtures. U. S. Disp 
Liquorice Paste. 
R. Extract of liquorice, one pound. Cold water, , four pints. 
Dissolve, strain, and add 
Gum Arabic, two pounds. Sugar, one pound. 
Evaporate to proper consistence. Soubeiran. 
R. Gum Arabic, two pounds. Extract of liquorice, nine ounces. Sugar, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Evaporate to consistence of syrup, and add Powdered orris root, " elecampane, each half an 
ounce. 
Continue to evaporate, then add 
Oil of aniseed, two scruples. 
Spielmann. 
six ounces, one pound. 
Lozenges of Liquorice. R. Extract of liquorice, Gum Arabic, each, six Sugar, one 
Clymer. 


255 
GOSSYPIUM. 
Dissolve in sufficiency of boiling water, evaporate on water-bath, to proper consistence for lozenges. Ed. Ph. 
Lozenges op Liquorice and Opium. R. Powdered opium, half an ounce. " liquorice, " gum Arabic, " sugar, each, ten ounces. Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. Mix the powder well, add the oil of anise, form mass with water, and divide into lozenges of six grains. U. S. Ph. 
Each lozenge contains one-tenth of a grain of opium. 
R. Powdered liquorice, u gum Arabic, " sugar, each, two drachms. " opium, six grains. Oil of anise, four drops. Mix, and with sufficient water form mass, and divide into sixty lozenges. These are known as Dr. Wistar's cough lozenges. Ellis. 
Both the above are demulcent and anodyne, and are well suited to allay cough, where opium is permissible. 
Mixture of Liquorice. 
R. Powdered liquorice, one drachm. Chamomile water, one fl. ounce. Syrup of mallow, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, to allay cough. Foy. 
Compound Mixture of Liquorice. 
R. Powdered liquorice | " gum Arabic, y 7 Sugar, * ) anounce - Paregoric, two fl. ounces. Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce. Spirit of-nitric ether, half a fl. ounce. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Rub the liquorice, gum and sugar with the water gradually poured on them; then add the other ingredients and mix. U. S. Ph. 
R. Powdered liquorice, " gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 
Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and dissolve, then add 
Spirit of nitric ether, Antimonial wine, each, one fl. drachm. Tincture of opium, forty to fifty drops. 
A tablespoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Ellis. 
R. Powdered liquorice, " gum Arabic, each, two drachms. 
Boiling water, 
four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 
Antimonial wine, two fl. dVchms. 
Tincture of opium, twenty minims. Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally. U. 8. Disp. 
These three mixtures are well known under the name of Brown mixture. 
Syrup op Liquorice. R. Liquorice root, twc 
two ounces. 
Maidenhair, one ounce. 
Hyssop, half an ounce. Water, two pints. 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, boil to one-half, and add to strained decoction, 
Honey, eight ounces. Sugar, sixteen ounces. Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
Make a syrup. As a cough mixture, in spoonful doses. Wirtem. Ph. 
GOSSYPIUM. 
Cotton 
Is the down or hair attached to the seeds of Gossypium herhaceum, and other species of the genus. It consists of fine, white filaments, having neither odor nor taste, and is insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, the oils, &c, but is soluble in strong alkaline solutions. 
Sex. Syst. Monadelph. polyand. Nat. Syst. Malvaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 845. Griffith, Med. Bot. 162. It is principally used for the fabrication of cloth, but is also employed in medicine, as an application to recent burns and scalds, to erysipelas, and to parts affected with rheumatism. It should be applied in the form of thin sheets. The seeds furnish much oil, and the root is said to be an active emmenagogue. 
Decoction of Cotton Root. 
R. Inner part of cotton root, four ounces. Water, one quart. 
Boil down to a pint. Said to be as effectual as ergot in promoting uterine contraction. Dose, a wineglassful, every twenty or thirty minutes. Bouchelle. 
Collodion. 
This preparation, which is a solution of gun cotton in ether, is used as a dressing to wounds, by its evaporation, it unites them closely, preserves them from the action of the air, is imper. vious to moisture; being transparent, it permits the progress of the wound to be examined, &c. 
R. Nitric acid (1.45), Sulphuric acid (commercial), each, one fl. ounce. 
Cleaned and bleached cotton, 
two drachms 


256 
GRANATUM. 
Saturate the cotton thoroughly with the acids, and macerate for twelve hours. Wash the cotton ; dry rapidly, by artificial heat, in the shade, and dissolve it in 
Sulphuric ether (officinal), one pint and a half. E. Parrish. W. Livermore. 
R. Finely-carded cotton, half an ounce. Powdered nitrate of potassa, 
ten ounces. 
Sulphuric acid, eight fl. ounces and a half. 
Ether, two pints and a half. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Add the sulphuric acid to the nitre in a wedgewood mortar, and rub them until uniformly mixed; add the cotton, and by means of the pestle and a glass rod, imbue it thoroughly with the mixture for four minutes. Transfer the cotton to a vessel containing water, and wash it carefully until the washings cease to have an acid taste, or to be precipitated by chloride of barium. Separate the fibres of cotton, dry by a gentle heat and dissolve it by agitation in the ether previously mixed with the alcohol, and strain. It should be kept in closely-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
GRANATUM. 
Pomegranate. 
The Punica granatum, a small tree, a native of, and cultivated in warm climates, and much esteemed for its subacid fruit, affords two articles employed medicinally, the rind of the fruit, and the bark of the root. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrtaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PL 676. Griffith, Med. Bot. 294. The rind, as found in the shops, is in fragments of a dry, hard, brittle consistence; of a yellowish, or reddish-brown color, inodorous, and of an astringent, somewhat bitter taste. The bark of the root is in small pieces, of an ashgray or yellowish color, externally, yellow within ; brittle, with scarcely any odor, and an astringent, but not bitter taste. The rind is a good astringent, in doses often to thirty grains ; and the bark of the root, an efficient vermifuge, especially in a fresh, or recently-dried state. 
Decoction of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, two ounces. Distilled water, a pint and a half. Roil to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. ounce. As an astringent. 
Gargle of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, half an ounce. 
Red ruses, Boiling water, 
two drachms, six fl. ouuees. 
Infuse, strain, and add 
one fl. ounce. 
Clarified honey, 
Alum, two drachms. 
Used as a gargle, in inflammation of the fhuees and throat. Ellia. 
Injection of Pomegranate Rind. R. Pomegranate rind, one pari 
one part. 
Water, thirty-two parts. 
Boil away one-half. Beral. 
Decoction of Pomegranate Root. R. Bark of pomegranate root, two ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Macerate for two hours, and then boil to a pint. To be taken in three doses. As a vermifuge, in cases of taenia. Foy. 
Extract of Pomegranate Root. R. Bark of pomegranate root, at will. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Macerate for a week, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper consistence. Soubeiran, 
Electuary of Extract of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Extract of pomegranate root, six drachms. 
Gum tragacanth, sufficient. Lemon juice, two fl. ounces. Linden water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. One-half to be taken, and half an hour afterwards the remainder. Radius., 
Mixture of Extract of Pomegranate Root. 
R. Extract of pomegranate root, six drachms. 
Lemon juice, Mint water, Linden water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. One-fourth to be taken every quarter of an hour. Radius. 
Bolus of Pomegranate Root. R. Powdered bark of pomegranate root, one drachm. Powdered red Peruvian 
bark, two drachms. Copaiba, sufficient. 
! Mix, and form twelve boluses. One, morning and evening, in chronic mucous discharges. Radius. R. Powdered bark of pome- 
one drachm 
granate root, Assafetida, 
half a drachm. 


257 
GRATIOLA — GUAIACUM. 
Croton oil, four drops. 
Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make fifteen boluses. Five a-day, in the treatment of henia. Foy. 
GRATIOLA. 
Hedge Hyssop. 
Most of the species of this genus have active properties, but only one of them has been employed in medicine; the G. officinalis of Europe. A native species, the G. aurea, is possessed of identical properties, which, in both cases, depend on the presence of veratria. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Scrophuiariaceffl. Linn. Sp. PL 24. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. The whole plant is used; it is almost inodorous, but has a-bitter, nauseous taste. It is a drastic cathartic and emetic, with some diuretic properties. It has been stated that it forms the basis of the Eau medicinale de Husson. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains. 
Compound Powder of Hedge Hyssop. 
R. Powdered hedge hyssop, two scruples. Calomel, five grains. Assafetida, half a drachm. Oil of peppermint, three drops. 
Mix, and divide into two powders. One to be taken every three hours, in taenia. Augustin. 
Wine of Hedge Hyssop. R. Dried herb of hedge hyssop, 
one ounce. 
Contused root of hedge hyssop, half an ounce. White wine, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, with a gentle heat, and strain. A teaspoonful, at bedtime, drinking after it half a pint of beef tea. If necessary, repeat next evening. Perkins. 
Said to be the original recipe for the Eau medicinale. 
GUAIACUM. 
Guaiacum. 
The Guaiacum officinale, a large tree, a native of the West Indies and some parts of South America, affords two medicinal products; the wood and resin, or concrete juice. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zygophyllaceae. Linn. Sp. PL 546. Griffith, Med. Bot. 203. The wood {lignum vita) is very hard, of a greenish-brown color, of a bitterish, somewhat acrid taste, and of a faint smell, except when 
17 
heated. The resin is of a greenish, or dark olive color, of a feeble odor, and of an acrid taste. They both are stimulant and alterative, and have been much used in chronic rheumatism, gout, obstinate cutaneous affections, a me norrhoea, &c. The dose of the. resin is from ten to thirty grains. 
Compound Decoction op Guaiacum Wood. 
R. Guaiacum shavings, three ounces. Raisins, two ounces. Sassafras root, rasped, Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce. Water, eight pints. Boil the guaiacum and raisins in the water, down to five pints, adding the other ingredients, towards close of operation. Strain. Ed. Ph. 
This is the old decoction of the woods. From one to two pints may be taken, during the day, in divided doses, as an alterative in chronic rheumatism and cutaneous diseases. 
R. Rasped guaiacum wood, one ounce. " sassafras, half an ounce. Contused liquorice root, one drachm. Water, five pints. Boil for two hours, strain, and add 
Cinnamon water, three ounces. 
A wineglassful, several times a-day, as an alterative, &c. Augustin. R. Rasped guaiacum wood, two drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain one pint of strained decoction. After an hour's boiling, add 
Wine of colchicum seed, two drachms. A wineglassful every two hours, in chronic pains of the joints. Radius. 
Extract of Guaiacum Wood. R. Powdered guaiacum wood, at will. Exhaust with boiling water, by means of a displacement apparatus, and evaporate. Van Mons. 
Oil of Guaiacum Wood. 
R. Guaiacum wood, at will Distil on a sand-bath, separate the oil, and rectify it. Dose, four or five drops, in gonorrhoea ; also as a friction in rheumatism. 
Taddei. 
Compound Oil of Guaiacum. 
R. Oil of guaiacum, three ounces. Balsam of Peru, one ounce. 
Ammoniated alcohol, half an ounce Mix. In caries of the teeth, and as a dressing to malignant ulcers. Swediaur 


258 
GUAIACUM 
Compound Powder op Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, two drachms. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Sugar, six drachms. 
Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a-day, in gout. Phoebus. 
R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, " nitrate of potassa, each, one drachm. 
" ipecacuanha, three grains. " opium, two grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every three hours, as a stimulating diaphoretic in acute rheumatism, after reduction of inflammation. Ellis. 
Pills op Guaiacum and Turpentine. 
R. Powdered resin of 
one drachm. 
guaiacum, 
Venice turpentine, suflicient. 
Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, three times a-day, in gleet and Ieucorrhoea. Ellis. 
Pills op Guaiacum, Aloes, &c. R. Powdered guaiacum resin, one drachm. 
" aloes, thirty-six grains. " rhubarb, two drachms. Canada balsam,- suflicient. 
Form mass, and divide into forty-eight pills. One, every three hours, as a stimulating cathartic. Ellis. 
Pills op Guaiacum, Antimony, &c. 
R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, half a drachm. Calomel, ten grains. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into three-grain pills. Three to four, three times a-day, in painful affections of the joints. Hildebrand. 
Pills op Guaiacum, Sulphur, &c. 
R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, half an ounce. Washed suiphur, one ounce. 
Crude antimony, one drachm and a half.. 
Extract of blessed thistle, suflicient. 
Form mass, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a-day, in gout, rheumatism, and obstinate cutaneous affections. Quarin. 
Mixture with Guaiacum, &o. R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, two drachms Powdered nitrate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. " tartar emetic, one grain. " liquorice, one scruple. Distilled or mint water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times a-day, in rheumatism, &c. Ellis. 
Guaiacum Mixture. 
R. Resin of guaiacum, three drachms. Sugar, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Cinnamon wateV, one pint. 
Rub the resin with the sugar, and gum Arabic, and gradually add the cinnamon water while rubbing. Lond. Ph. 
One to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day. 
Mixture op Guaiacum and Bitter- Sweet. 
R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, two drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, three drachms. Extract of bitter sweet, three drachms. Syrup of mallow, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every three hours, in chronic rheumatism. Berends, 
Tincture op Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of 
half a pound. 
guaiacum, Alcohol, 
two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to three fl. drachms, three or four times a-day, in gout and chronic rheumatism ; to be given in milk or mucilage. 
Dewees's Tincture. R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, four ounces. Carbonate of soda, or potassa, one drachm and a half. Powdered pimento, one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Digest for a few days. Add volatile spirit of ammonia, if required, in proportion of one or two drachms to each four ounces of tincture. Highly praised in idiopathic amenorrhoea, in doses of a teaspoonful, three times a-day, in milk or wine. Dewees. 


259 
HiEMATOXYLON 
Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum. R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, four ounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three times a-day, in chronic rheumatism. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum and Copaiba. 
R. Ammoniated tincture of 
guaiacum, one fl. ounce. Copaiba, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in amenorrhoea with general debility. Ellis. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiacum and Paregoric. 
R. Ammoniated tincture of 
guaiacum, one fl. ounce. 
Camphorated tincture of 
one fl. ounce. 
opium, 
Mix. Two teaspoonfuls every two hours, in misplaced and retrocedcnt gout. Ellis. 
Odontalgic Mixture of Guaiacum. R. Tincture of guaiacum, six fl. drachms. Oil of valerian, one fl. ounce. Syrup of scurvy grass, Compound tincture of benzoin, each, two fl. drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Mix. A teaspoonful mixed with hot water, to be held in the mouth, in toothache. Cants. 
Mixture of Tincture of Guaiacum and Henbane. 
R. Tincture of guaiacum, two fl. drachms. " henbane, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, morning and evening, in spasm of the stomach and neuralgia. Radius. 
II 
Water, two pints. Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
HiEM ATOXYLON. 
Logwood. 
This is the heart wood of Hatmatoxylon campechianum, a middle-sized tree, a native of Campcachy, and naturalized in several of the West India islands. It is principally used for dyeing purposes, but is also employed in medicine. 
A good astringent in diarrhoea, especially in children. Dose Jbr an adult, two fl. ounces ; for a child about two years of age, two or three fl. drachms, several times a-day. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabacere. 
Extract of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood, . one 
Rasped logwood, . one pound. Water, oue gallon. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 549. Griffith, Med. Bot. 252. It comes in logs of a dark-yellowish color externally, and deep red internally ; ibr medical use, it is chipped or rasped. It has a feehle but peculiar odor, and a sweetish, somewhat astringent taste. It is used as a mild astringent in chronic diseases, and relaxed conditions of the bowels. 
Boil to four pints, strain while hot, then evaporate to proper consistence. U.. S. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to thirty grains. 
Electuary of Extract of Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, 
Infusion of Logwood. 
R. Rasped logwood, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain. A tablespoonful every two or three hours, in cholera and diarrhoea of children. Ellis. 
" liquorice, each, two drachms. 
" Peruvian bark, three drachms 
" cascarilla, one drachm. Mucilage of quince-seed, suflicient. 
Decoction of Logwood. R. Rasped logwood, one 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in chronic diarrhoea, &c. Radius 
one ounoe. 


260 
H AM AM ELI S — HELLEBORUS. 
I 
Mixture of Extract of Logwood. R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Boiling water, seven fl. ounces. Dissolve, strain, and add 
Tincture of cinnamon, six fl. drachms. " catechu, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce, every six hours. Beaslcy. 
R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Tincture of catechu, two fl. drachms. Water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three or four hours. In diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 
R. Extract of logwood, three drachms. Spirit of cinnamon, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Water, seven fl. ounces. •Tincture of kino, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. In the same doses, and in the same diseases, as the last. Swediaur. 
HAMAMELIS. 
Witch Hazel. 
The Hamamelis Virginica is a large native shrub, found along streams in most parts of the country, presenting several varieties. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Hamamclidacete. 
Pursh, Fl. Am. i. 116. Griffith, Med. Bot. 350. 
The parts used are the bark and leaves. These are bitter and astringent, leaving a sensation of sweetness. They are considered sedative, astringent, and tonic, and useful in bowel affections and hemorrhages, and externally as an application to tumors, painful hemorrhoids, &c. They are used in infusion, decoction, or poultice. 
HEDEOMA. 
Pennyroyal. 
Hedeoma pulegioides is a small, annual, aromatic plant, abundant in most parts of the United States, growing in dry, sterile situations. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceie. 
Persoon, Synop. ii. 131. Griffith, Med. Bot. 308. 
The whole plant is used. It has a warm, pungent taste, and a powerful aromatic odor. It is a stimulating aromatic, used to obviate nausea, and relieve flatulence, and also, in domestic practice, as an emmenagogue. 
Infusion of Pennyroyal. R. Pennyroyal, two dra 
two drachms. 
Boiling water, suflicient 
to afford six ounces of strained infusion. To be taken freely, in a warm state, at bedtime, the feet having been previously bathed in hot water, in amenorrhoea. 
Oil of Pennyroyal 
R. Pennyroyal, at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and collect the oil. Dose, two to ten drops, in flatulent colic and nausea. 
HELENIUM. 
Sneezewort. 
Sneezewort, or Helenium autumnale, is an indigenous plant, found in wet situations, in most parts of the United States, flowering in the autumn. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst, Asteracese. 
Torrey & Gray, Fl. ii. 384. Griffith, Med. Bot. 398. 
This plant is almost inodorous, but has a bitter, somewhat pungent, acrid taste. It is tonic, diaphoretic, and powerfully errhine ; this latter property is most developed in the flowers, and especially the central florets ; these, when powdered, rnay be used in those cases to which errhines are applicable. 
HELIANTHEMUM. 
Frostweed. 
The Helianthemum Canadense is a native perennial plant, growing in many parts of the United States, in dry, sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Cistacere. 
Mich. Fl. i. 308. Darlington, Fl. Cest. 313. It has little or no odor, but an astringent, somewhat aromatic, bitterish taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has proved beneficial jd scrofula. 
HELLEBORUS. 
Black Hellebore. 
Several species of Helleborus a re possessed of almost identical medical properties, but the only one used in this country, is H. niger, so called on account of the color of its roots. It is a native of mountain woods, in many parts of Europe, and is cultivated as an ornamental flowering plant. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaceoe. Linn. Sp. PI. 783. Griffith, Med. Bot. 85. The, parts used are the small fibres, or roots, which are about as thick as straw, and black ; they proceed from a rhizome or caudex, and have a somewhat nauseous odor, and a bitter, unpleasant, acrid taste. Black hellebore is a drastic hydragogue purgative; having, also, 


261 
HEM IDESMUS. 
considerable emmenagogue powers. The dose in powder is from ten to twenty grains, as a purge; two or three grains, as an alterative. 
Compound Black Hellebore Pills. R. Powdered black hellebore, 
fifteen grains. Calomel, five grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, three grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four pills. Two to be taken every four hours, in dropsy, till full purgation is caused. Ainslie. 
Extract op Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black hellebore, at will. Exhaust by means of the displacement process, with cold diluted alcohol. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains, as a drastic purge. 
Vino-Alcoholic Extract of Black Hellebore. 
R. Powdered black hellebore, two pounds. Cai'bonate of potassa, half a pound. Diluted alcohol, eight pints. 
Macerate for twelve hours, express, and pour on the residuum, 
White wine, eight pints. Digest for twenty-four hours, express, mix the two tinctures, and evaporate. Cottereau. 
Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 
Compound Pills op Extract of Black Hellebore. 
R. Vino-alcoholic extract of black hellebore, Extract of myrrh, each, two ounces. Powder of blessed thistle, one ounce. Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Ten to twenty a-day, in amenorrhoea, dropsy, &c. Radius. 
These pills are much used in Europe, under the name of Backer's pills. 
R. Extract of black hellebore, Assafetida, Ammoniac, Soap, each, two drachms. Rhubarb, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, ten to twelve, morning .and evening, as a purgative and emmenagogue. Augustin. 
Tincture of Black Hellebore. R. Bruised black hellebore, four ounces 
Diluted alcohol. 
two pints 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. V. S. Ph. 
Used as an emmenagogue, in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm, night and morning, watching its action. 
Mixture with Tincture op Black Hellebore. 
R. Tincture of black 
hellebore, half a fl. ounce. Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. " Spanish flies, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. 
Thirty drops, three times a-day, in sugar and water, as an emmenagogue. 
Compound Wine op Black Hellebore. 
R. Bruised black hellebore, one ounce. " wormwood, a handful. White wine, four pints. 
Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Two to three spoonfuls, in the morning, fasting. In dropsy. Brunner. 
Ointment of Black Hellebore. R. Powdered black 
hellebore, one to two drachms. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to obstinate herpetic eruptions. Soubeiran. 
HEM IDESMUS. 
Indian Sarsaparilla 
The H. indicus is a native of many parts of India. It is a climbing plant, and has been long used in the East as an efficient, medicinal agent; but was almost unknown in Europe, or this country, until about 1819. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Asclepiadaceae. Brown, Hort. Kev. ii. 75. Griffith, Med. Bot. 453. 
The root, which is the part used, is long, tortuous, rugose, with longitudinal furrows; it is brownish, externally, and has a peculiar and somewhat aromatic odor, and a bitterish taste. It has the properties of sarsaparilla; and like it, is given in infusion, decoction, &c. These are made in the same manner as those of sat saparilla, and given in the same doses, and in similar diseases. 
Syrup of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla, half a pound 
Boiling water, 
one pint 


262 
HEPATIC A—HIPPOCASTANUM 
Digest in a covered vessel, with a gentle heat, for three or four hours, strain, add twice the weight of sugar, and make syrup. Beasley. 
Mixture of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla, ten drachms. Extract of liquorice, ten grains. Distilled water, ten fl. ounces. Digest for twelve hours, strain, heat to 180°, and again strain. One-third three times a-day. ¦ Beasley. R. Syrup of Indian sarsaparilla, 
five ounces. 
Solution of potassa, half to one fl. drachm. 
Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. Mix. One fl. ounce, thrice a-day, in barley-water. For gonorrhoea. Bellinarye. 
Infusion of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla, two ounces. Lime water, one pint. Infuse in a close vessel for twelve hours. Dose, a wineglassful. Ashburner. 
Decoction of Indian Sarsaparilla. R. Indian sarsaparilla, two ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint. To be taken during the day, in wineglassful doses. Pereira. 
HEPATIC A. 
Liverwort. 
The H. triloba is a small native plant, found in most parts of the United States, and also in the northern regions of Europe and Asia, having three-lobed leaves, and presenting two marked varieties: one with the lobes of the leaves rounded, the other with them acute. 
Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranun culaceoe. 
Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 14. Griffith, Med Bot. 81. 
The whole herb is used. It is inodorous, and has a mucilaginous, slightly astringent and bitterish taste. It is a very mild, demulcent tonir* and astringent, and was much employed ut une time as a deobstruent in herpetic affections, and also as a remedy in diseases of the lungs. Its powers, however, are very slight. It is given in infusion; to be taken freely. 
HERACLEUM. 
Master wort. 
This is the root of Heracleum lanatum, a very large, perennial plant, found in many parts of the United States, in waste places. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apia 
cess. 
Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 632. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 335. 
The part used is the root; this resembles the parsnip in appearance, but has a rank, unpleasant odor, and a pungent, acrid taste. It is said to be diuretic, expectorant, and anti. spasmodic, and has proved useful in epilepsy, attended with a disordered condition of the digestive organs, in doses of two or three drachms daily. It is also used in strong decoction, in dyspepsia with flatulence and cardialgia. 
HEUCHERA. 
Alum Root. 
Most of the species of Heuchera are possessed of identical properties, but the only one recog. nized ]>y the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is H. Ameri. cana. This is an indigenous plant, growing in shady, rocky situations, in most parts of the country. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Saxifra. 
gacese. Torrey & Gray, Fl. i. 578. Griffith, Med. Bot. 313. 
The root is rugose, irregular, yellowish, almost inodorous, and of a strong, styptic taste. It is a powerful astringent, and may be employed in such cases as require medicines of this class. 
HIPPOC ASTANUM. 
Horse Chestnut. 
The horse chestnut,or fiisculus hippocastanum, is a beautiful and lofty tree, a native of the central parts of Asia, but extensively cultivated in Europe, and the United States. Sex. Syst. Heptand. monog. Nat. Syst. Sapindacese. Linn. Sp. PI. 488. Griffith, Med. Bot. 213. The part used is the bark; this is light, brittle, of a brownish-red externally, of a yellow-brown within. It has a somewhat aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is a somewhat active astringent, and has been much praised in intermittent fevers. The dose of the powder is two to four scruples, every three hours, till an ounce and a half is taken. 
Compound Powder op Horse Chestnut. 
R. Powdered horse chestnut bark, " willow bark, each, half an 
ounce. 
" gentian, " calamus, " cloves, each, two drachms. 
Mix. Hufeland, 


263 
HORDEUM—HUMULUS. 
Decoction op Horse Chestnut Bark. 
R Horse chestnut bark, one ounce and a half. "Water, thirty fl. ounces. Roil down to ten ounces, adding towards close of operation, 
Liquorice root, one drachm. Strain. A cupful every two hours. Niemann. 
Compound Decoction of Horse Chestnut. 
R. Horse chestnut bark, Willow bark, each, half an ounce. Calamus, Root of water avens, each, two drachms. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil down to one-half. Spielmann. R. Horse chestnut 
bark, one ounce and a half. Water, eighteen fl. ounces. 
Boil down to one-half, strain, and add Sulphuric ether, one to two drachms. Syrup of orange peel, one ounce. 
Mix. To be used during the apyrexia. Phoebus. 
Extract of Horse Chestnut. R. Horse chestnut bark, at v 
at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Exhaust the bark in a displacement apparatus, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. Van Mons. 
HORDEUM. 
Barley. 
There are several species of Hordeum, but those usually cultivated in this country are H. vulgare and H. distichon, the latter of which is recognized as officinal. The native country of these is unknown, but they have been cultivated from the earliest ages. Sex. Syst. Triand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Graminacete. 
Linn. Sp. PL 125. Griffith, Med. Bot. 664. The seeds are used in various forms; in that 
of meal, malt, pearl barley, &c. They are one of the mildest and least irritating of the cerealia, and are much used in decoction, &c, as a nutritive and demulcent drink. 
Prepared Barley Meal. 
R. Barley meal, at will- Tie it in a linen or cotton cloth, and boil it for twelve hours, then let it cool, remove the outer crust, and pulverize the centre. A useful diet, boiled with milk, in bowel diseases. Hanover Ph. 
R. Barley meal, twelve ounces. Sugar, four ounces. Powdered cinnamon, half a drachm. Mix, and place in a proper vessel, covering with wheat dough, put in an oven and bake, remove, cool, and pulverize. Half an ounce to two ounces, cooked with water or milk, form an excellent diet, in debilitated conditions of the system. Taddei. 
Barley Sugar. 
R. Decoction of barley, a pint and a half Sugar, two pounds. 
Boil to proper consistence, and form lozenges or rolls. As a demulcent in catarrh. 
Giordano. 
Decoction of Barley. 
R. Pearl barley, two ounces. Water, four pints and a half. 
Wash the barley in cold water, drain, pour on it half a pint of the water, boil for a short time, drain off this water, add the remainder in a boiling state, and boil down to one-half, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
As a nutritive and demulcent drink in febrile and inflammatory diseases. 
Compound Decoction of Barley. R. Decoction of barley, two pints- Sliced figs, two ounces and a half. Bruised liquorice root, five drachms. Stoned raisins, two ounces and a half. Water, one pint. Mix, and boil down to two pints, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
A demulcent, nutritive, and somewhat laxative drink. 
Barley Water with Nitrate of Potassa. 
R. Decoction of barley, one pint. Nitrate of potassa, two drachms. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. To be used warm as a diaphoretic drink. Ellis. 
HUMULUS. 
Hops. 
By this is meant the strobiles of the Humulu* lupvlus, a climbing vine, a native of Europe, and probably of this country. It is extensively cultivated for its aments or strobiles, which are largely employed in the preparation of mall liquors, and also in medicine. Sex. Syst. Dioerc. pentand. Nat. Syst. Can. nabinaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PL 1457. Griffith, Med. Bot. 574 


264 
HYDRARGYRUM 
j 
t 
Hops consist of thin, somewhat translucent, leaf-like scales, of a greenish-yellow color, having, near their base, two small, round, dark seeds. Their odor is strong and peculiar, somewhat narcotic, and fragrant; their taste is bitter, aromatic, and somewhat astringent. These properties depend on a peculiar secretion, called Lupuline. Hops are tonic, and slightly narcotic, and are used in various conditions of the system. The dose, in substance, is from half a drachm to a drachm, but it is seldom administered in this form. 
Infusion of Hops. 
R. Hops, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in dyspepsia, nervous tremors, &c. 
Extract of Hops 
R. Hops, at will. 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Treat in a displacement apparatus, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Dose, from ten to thirty grains. Cottereau. 
Hop Mixture. 
R. Extract of hops, two drachms. Water of hops, seven fl. ounces. Tincture of hops, half fl. ounce. Syrup of orange peel, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as a tonic and stomachic. Niemann. 
Tincture of Hops. 
R. Hops, five ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to three fl. drachms, as a tonic, and narcotic, especially in the wakefulness and tremors of drunkards. 
Alkaline Tincture of Hops. 
R. Hops, Centaury, each, one ounce. 
Peel of bitter orange, two drachms. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple. Diluted alcohol, eighteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. 
Cataplasm of Hops. 
R. Hops, one pound. Flaxseed meal, two ounces. 
Beer, suflicient. 
Mix. As pu application to bruises and indolent 
Radius. 
tumors. 
Ointment op Hops. 
R. Hops, two ounces. 
Lard, ten ounces. 
Digest for some hours, by a gentle heat, express, and strain; recommended to relieve the pain of cancerous sores. Swediaur. 
HYDRARGYRUM. 
Mercury, 
Mercury is a brilliant, silver-white, fluid metal, having neither taste nor smell. It becomes solid at—39° F., and boils at 665°. Mercury, in masses, does not appear to act on the system, but when in a state of great division, it produces marked and peculiar effects. It acts as an alterative, deobstruent, sialagogue, &c. It has been employed in almost all diseases, in some of its preparations, each of which has some peculiarity of action. 
Purified Mercury. 
R. Mercury, three pounds. Pure muriatic acid, half fl. ounce. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Place the mercury in a glass retort, and distil off two-thirds. Boil this for a few minutes with the acid and water, remove the acid by repeated washing with water and decantation, pour the metal into a capsule and dry it by the application of heat. Dub. Ph. 
Mercury with Antimony. 
R. Mercury, four parts. Crude antimony, three parts. Sulphur, two parts. Triturate together till the mercury disappears. As a diaphoretic and alterative. Dose, one to four grains. Giordano. 
R. Mercury, one ounce. 
Washed flowers of 
sulphur, 
one ounce. 
Powdered sulphuret of antimony, three ounces. 
Rub them in a warm stone mortar, with a little water or sulphuret of ammonium, until the globules of mercury disappear. Cod. Hamb. 1845. 
This preparation is much used in France and Germany, under the name of antimonial ethiops. 
Compound Mercurial Powder. R. Powdered resin of 
guaiacum, one drachm. Mercury with antimony, Magnesia, each, one scruple. Mix. To be taken in two days, in divided doses, in chronic exanthematous affections. 
Hufeland 


265 
HYDRARGYRUM 
R. Mercury with antimony, 
twenty-four grains. Subcarbonate of soda, eighteen grains. Powdered sassafras, Sugar, each, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One to be taken daily, in chronic diseases of the skin. Sundelin. 
Pills of Mercury and Antimony. R. Mercury, . one drachm. Crude antimony, four scruples. Flowers of sulphur, two scruples. Extract of opium, one scruple. Triturate till mercury disappears, with 
Syrup of mallow, sufficient. Divide into one hundred and fifty pills. Dose, five or six a-day. Highly spoken of by liuxham, in venereal pains, scrofula, &.c. Baldingcr. 
R. Mercury with antimony, one drachm. Extract of hemlock, two drachms. Soap, half an ounce. Galbanum, Extract of ox gall, each, half a drachm. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, eight to ten, three times a-day, in scirrhus of the pylorus. Radius. 
Mercury with Chalk. 
R. Mercury, three ounces. Prepared chalk, five ounces. Rub together till all the globules disappear. U. S. Ph. 
A mild preparation, well suited as an alterative in complaints of children. Dose, five grains to half a drachm, twice a-day, for adults; two or three grains for a child. 
Mercury and Chalk. 
R. Mercury, three ounces. Resin, six drachms. Prepared chalk, five ounces. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Make a paste with the resin, and a small quantity of the alcohol; then add the mercury, which may be extinguished in a short time; add the chalk and alcohol gradually, so as to keep up the pasty consistence; then add sufficient alcohol to dissolve out the resin, and wash the powder on a filter, and dry.. Dr. Stewart, modified by P. Lehman. 
Mercury and Chalk with Ipecacuanha. 
R. Mercury with chalk, one scruple. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, night and morning, in syrup. In dyspepsia with biliary derangement. Paris. 
Mercury and Chalk Liniment. R. Mercury, 
Prepared chalk, each, half an ounce. Triturate till globules disappear, and add 
Honey of roses, two ounces. Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. Boriea. 
Mercury and Gum. 
R. Mercury, one part Gum Arabic, two parts. 
Make a mucilage with a quarter of the gum, rub the mercury with it till extinguished, add the remainder of the gum, with as much water as is required, mix well, dry by a gentle heat, and pulverize. Pari8 Cod. 
Pills of Mercury and Gum with Hemlock. 
R. Mercury, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Syrup of violets, four parts. Triturate till the mercury is extinguished, and add 
Extract of hemlock, one part. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix well, and form pills of two grains. Two to four, twice a-day, as an alterative. Plenck. 
Mercurial Mucilage of Gum Arabic. R. Mercury, one part. Gum Arabic, two parts. Water, sufficient. Triturate till the mercury is extinguished. This is a good preparation of mercury; it is given in the dose of two teaspoonfuls, in syrup or mucilage, morning and night, as an alterative or anthelmintic. Beral. 
Mercurial Gargle 
R. Mercury, half a drachm. Gum Arabic, three drachms. Syrup of poppies, half an ounce. Calomel, six grains. 
Triturate till mercury is extinguished, and add Decoction of clematis, (Virgin's bower), twenty-six fl. ounces. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Essence of myrrh, one drachm. Mix. As a gargle in syphilitic angina, and ozaena. Plenck. 
Mercurial Lotion. 
R. Mercury, one drachm. 
Gum Arabic, four drachms. 
Syrup of poppies, sufficient 
Rub together till globules disappear, and add gradually, constantly rubbing, 
Roiling milk, eight fl. ounces 


266 
HYDRARGYRUM 
As a lotion in gonorrhceal ophthalmia, ulcers on the penis, and also as a gargle in venereal sore throat. Plenck. 
Mercury with Magnesia. R. Purified mercury, 
Manna, each, two parts. Carbonate of magnesia, one part. 
Rub. the mercury with the manna, adding a little water, till globules disappear; add oneeighth part of the magnesia, still rubbing, and when mixed, sixteen parts of hot water, and agitate ; let sediment subside ; then decant, and repeat washing, till all the manna is removed ; mix the residue with remainder of magnesia, and dry. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
A mild mercurial, well suited as an alterative in children, especially when there is constipation. Dose, three to four grains. 
Blue Pills. 
R. Mercury, Confection of roses, 
one ounce. 
one ounce and a half. 
Powdered liquorice root, half an ounce. 
Rub the mercury with the confection, till all the globules disappear, add the liquorice root, and beat into mass. Divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. 
One of the mildest and best of the mercurial preparations. From five to fifteen grains as a purgative; one pill every night, or every other night, asan alterative ; one pill, two or three times a-day', as a laxative. Each pill contains one grain of mercury. 
Blue Pill with Jalap. 
R. Blue pill, Powdered jalap, " aloes, each, fifteen grains 
Mix, and form twelve pills; three at night, as a purgative. Ellis. 
Blue Pill with Rhubarb. 
R. Blue pill, nine grains. Powdered rhubarb, Bicarbonate of soda, each, twelve grains. Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One. twice or thrice a-day, as an alterative, in hepatic derangement Hartshorne. 
Blue Pill with Colocynth. 
R. Blue pill, Compound extract of colocynth, each, five grains Oil of caraway, two drops 
Mix, and make two pills. A very active pur 
Ellis. 
native. 
Blue Pill and Quinia, R. Blue pill, » 
Sulphate of quinia, Powdered aloes, each, twelve grains. Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, twice to four times a-day, as a tonic alterative in deranged conditions of the liver, consequent to fevers. Ellis. 
Compound Mercurial Pills. 
R. Blue pill, five grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Camphor, one grain and a half. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make two pills. One, morning and evening, in hepatitis," till mouth is affected. Ainslie. 
R. Blue pill, four grains. Compound powder of squill, six grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Mix, and make three pills. To be taken in a day ; in hepatic obstruction, threatening dropsy. Ainslie. 
R. Blue pill, Antimonial powder, each, two and a half grains. Opium, half a grain. Syrup of ginger, ' sufficient Make a pill. To be taken at bedtime; in venereal blotches, attended with diarrhoea. 
Ainslie. 
Abernethy's Pills. 
R. Blue pill, ten grains. Powdered jalap, twenty grains. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into six pills. Two at night, with a wineglassful of infusion of senna, in the morning. Cooley. 
Mercurial Mixture 
R. Mercury, six drachms. Syrup of poppies, one ounce. 
Triturate till globules disappear, and add Orange-flower water, two fl. ounces. Rose water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix well. Dose, a spoonful, morning and night, in gastrodynia and spasmodic vomiting. Cadet de Gassicourt, 
Mercurial Ointment. 
two pounds, twenty-three ounces. 
R. Mercury, Lard, 
Suet, 
one ounce. 


HYDRARGYRUM 
267 
Rub the mercury with the suet and a little of the lard, till the globules disappear; add the remainder of the lard, mixing well. U. S. Ph. 
This is the strong mercurial ointment. It can be weakened by the addition of lard, as may be wished. Used as an inunction to mercurialize the system, by rubbing about a drachm on the inside of the thighs, twice a-day. 
R. Mercury, two pounds. Lard, rendered rancid by exposure in a damp, divided state, four ounces. . Lard, nineteen ounces. Suet, one ounce. 
Triturate the mercury and rancid lard, until the globules disappear; then add the lard and suet, and triturate until the texture of the mass is uniform. * W. Procter. 
Camphorated Mercurial Ointment. 
R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Camphor, one drachm. 
Mix. Used like the former; also to disperse indolent swellings. 
Mercurial Cataplasm, 
R. Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. Camphor, two drachms. 
Boiling milk, three ounces. 
Crumb of bread, sufficient. 
Mix, and form cataplasm. Radius. 
Mercurial Cerate. 
R. Mercurial ointment, Simple cerate, equal parts. 
Mix well. As a dressing to venereal ulcers. Guibourt. 
Compound Mercurial Cerate. 
R. Mercurial ointment, Soap cerate, each, four ounces. Camphor, one ounce. 
Rub well together. Lond. Ph. As an application to disperse indolent swellings. 
Compound Mercurial Liniment. 
R. Mercurial ointment, Lard, each, four ounces. Camphor, one ounce. 
— tr * Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. Solution of ammonia, four fl. ounces. 
Rub the camphor with the spirit, then with the lard and mercurial ointment; lastly, add gradually the solution of ammonia, and mix well. Lond. Ph. 
As a stimulating liniment, in chronic swellings, glandular tumors, &c. 
Opiated Mercurial Liniment. R. Mercurial ointment, four parts. Oil of sweet 
almonds, forty-eight parts Tincture of opium, three parts 
Mix well. Advised in inflamed ulcers of the glans penis, to be applied two or three times a-day. St. Marie. 
Compound Mercurial Ointment. R. Mercurial ointment, two ounces. Lard, twelve ounces. 
Powdered stavesacre, three ounces. Melt the lard, and add the other ingredients, mixing well. As an application to destroy lice. Giordano. 
R. Mild mercurial ointment, eight parts. Soft soap, two parts. Camphor, one part. 
Rub well together. Recommended in perios. titis and engorgement of the testicles. Swediaur. 
Mercurial and Belladonna Plaster. 
R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Ammoniac, six drachms. Extract of belladonna, four drachms. Hydrocyanic acid, thirty drops. Make mass with ammoniac and extract, with a little water; mix mercurial ointment and acid, and rub the whole together. Useful as an ap plication to scirrhous and scrofulous tumors. Med. Chirurg. Pharm. 
Ointment op Mercury and Belladonna. 
R. Strong mercurial ointment, thirty parts. Extract of belladonna, four parts. " opium, one part. Balsam of Peru, sufficient. 
Mix well. As an application to painful hemot rhoidal tumors. Mignot. 
Mercurial Plaster. 
R. Mercury, six ounces 
Olive oil, Resin, each, two ounces. 
Lead plaster, one pound 
Melt the oil and resin together, and, when cool, rub the mercury with them till the globules di« 


268 
HYDRARGYRI ACETAS —HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. 
appear; gradually add the lead plaster, previously melted, and mix well. U. S. Ph. 
As an application to buboes, venereal nodes, 
R. Mercurial ointment, one ounce. Oil of turpentine, Camphor, each, two drachms. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Mix well. Used as a rubefacient application over the region of the liver, when blisters cannot be used. Ellis. 
HYDRARGYRI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Mercury. Acetate of Protoxide of Mercury. 
R. Protonitrate of mercury, one part. Distilled water, six parts. 
Dissolve the salt in water, acidified with a little nitric acid, add a solution of acetate of soda, or potassa, filter, wash, and dry the precipitate. Beral. 
Pills of Acetate of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one pound. Distilled vinegar, eight pints. 
Dissolve, and triturate a pint of this solution with 
Flake manna, two pounds, 
rubbing the mixture for a longtime ; dry before the fire, often stirring; when of a proper consistence, form pills of a grain and a half. Guibourt. 
These pills were highly esteemed under the name of Keysets anti-venereal pills. They contain, at first, the acetate of the deutoxide, but this gradually changes to the acetate of the protoxide, then to an oxide; therefore, the following have been substituted. 
R. Acetate of mercury, Flake manna, Powdered gum Arabic, each, 
one scruple. Rose water, suflicient. 
Beat into mass, and form twenty pills. As a sialagogue, three to be taken at night, or one three times a-day. Ellis. 
Pills of Acetate of Mercury and Opium. 
R. Acetate of mercury, Opium, Camphor, each, thirty grains. Syrup of poppies, suflicient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. Carmichael. 
Solution op Acetate op Mercury. R. Acetate of mercury, 
ten or twelve grains. Rose water, five fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutaneous affections. Niemann. 
Ltniment of Acetate of Mercury. R. Acetate of mercury, one part. Olive oil, two parts. Lard, six parts. 
Rub the salt with a little of the lard, and add gradually the remainder, and then the oil, constantly rubbing. Used as an application in herpes. Van Mons. 
HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. 
White Precipitate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, six ounces. Distilled water, one gallon. Solution of ammonia, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water with the aid of heat, and when cold add the solution of ammonia, frequently stirring. Wash the precipitate thoroughly, and dry it. U. S. Ph. 
This is seldom, if ever, used, except as an external remedy. 
Ointment op White Precipitate. R. White precipitate, one drachm. Simple ointment, one ounce and a half. Soften the ointment over a gentle fire, and mix the white precipitate. U. S. Ph. 
As an application to cutaneous eruptions. 
HYDRARGYRI BORAS. 
Borate of Mercury. 
R. Calomel, twenty-two parts. Borate of soda, twenty-six parts. 
Triturate together; in a quarter of an hour add a little water, then gradually, more, constantly rubbing, permit to settle, decant, wash the precipitate till the washings are insipid and dry. Van Mons. 
The borate of mercury is said to resemble calomel in its action. Dose, two grains a-day, gradually augmenting. 
HYDRARGYRI BROMIDUM. Bromide of Mercury. 
There are two bromides of mercury; one the protobromide, answering to calomel; the other the bibromide, like corrosive sublimate, an irritant poison. 


269 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 
Protobromide op Mercury. R. Solution of bromide of potassium, at will. 
Add a weak solution of protonitrate of mercury, as long as it causes a precipitate; wash this, and dry by a gentle heat. Dose, one grain a-day, gradually increased, as an alterative; four or five grains as a purgative. Magendie. 
Bl-BROMIDE OF MERCURY. R. Bromine, 
Mercury, each, equal parts. Mix, and sublime. Dose, one-twentieth of a grain, gradually increased to a fourth. In syphilis. Magendie. 
Ethereal Solution of Bi-bromide of Mercury. 
R. Bi-bromide of mercury, one grain. Sulphuric ether, one fl. drachm 
Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in barleywater. In syphilis and lepra. Werneck, 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 
Corrosive Sublimate. 
Corrosive sublimate is a very energetic and poisonous preparation, requiring much care in its exhibition. It will produce the usual effects of the other mercurials, but is less apt to salivate. It is much used in secondary syphilis, and as an alterative, and also as an external application, as a stimulant, and escharotic. The best antidote, when poisonous doses have been taken, is albumen, followed by an emetic. 
Solution op Corrosive Sublimate R. Corrosive sublimate, 
Muriate of ammonia, each, ten grains. Distilled water (imp. meas.), one pint. 
Dissolve. Lond. Ph. 
A fl. ounce contains half a grain of the mercurial salt. The dose is from one to two fl, drachms, in some mucilaginous drink. 
Alcoholic Solution op Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, one to two grains. Diluted alcohol, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A tablespoonful, night and morning, in decoction of sarsaparilla. Ellis 
Powder of Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, Sulphate of copper, each, ten grains 
Nitrate of silver, 
six grains 
Mix. Applied to venereal excrescences, previously moistened with water. JCruzer. 
Powder op Corrosive Sublimate and Zinc. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, Sulphate of zinc, equal parts. 
Mix. In onychia maligna, sprinkled on the sore, and covered with lint soaked in tincture of myrrh. Perkins. 
Pills of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, five grains. Distilled water, thirty to forty drops. Confection of roses, one scruple. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, and add the other articles, and rub well together. Make forty pills. One, three to four times a-day, in syphilis. Ellis. 
Compound Pills op Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, half a grain. Extract of Peruvian bark, ten grains. " opium, half a grain. Powdered Peruvian bark, sufficient. Beat together, and make two pills. One, morning and evening. Each contains a quarter of a grain of the mercurial salt. They require much caution in their use. In syphilis. Dupuytren. R. Corrosive sublimate, six grains. Dissolve in 
Distilled water, suflicient, 
and add 
Extract of hemlock, one drachm. Powdered hemlock, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make forty-eight pills, to be given like the above. Each pill contains an eighth of a grain of corrosive sublimate. Ellis. 
Corrosive Sublimate Mixture. R. Corrosive sublimate, four grain*. Muriate of ammonia, eight grains. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful twice a-day, in barley, water, in syphilis. Ainslie. R. Corrosive sublimate, eight grains. Muriatic acid, twenty-four drops. Comp. tincture of cardamom, eight fl. ounce? Mix. Dose, two drachms morning and evening, in a wineglassful of sugar and water. In syphilis. Guibourt. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Spirit of cinnamon, 
one fl. ounce 
Syrup, each, I 


270 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. 
Mix. One or two spoonfuls twice or thrice aday, in venereal cases. Ellis. 
Lotton of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, 
three to six grains. Distilled water, sufficient. 
Dissolve, and add 
Extract of hemlock, (t chamomile, each, two drachms. Tincture of opium, one fl.'drachm. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to venereal ulcers in the throat, and on the labia pudendi. Rust. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 
Muriate of ammonia, two drachms. Nitrate of potassa, half an ounce. 
Dissolve. As a wash in itch. Good. 
Cosmetic Lotion with Corrosive Sublimate. 
R. Blanched sweet almonds, one ounce. ** bitter almonds, 
four drachms. 
Cherry-laurel water, ten fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add 
Corrosive sublimate, six grains. Tincture of benzoin, six fl. drachms. Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. 
Mix. As a wash for eruptions on the face, to be used morning and evening, previously to be shaken. It must be used with caution. 
Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Copper. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Acetate of copper, six grains. Distilled water, two pints. 
Dissolve. As a wash in obstinate porrigo. Augustin. 
Lotion of Corrosive Sublimate and Camphor. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, half a drachm. Camphor, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, one ounce. 
Dissolve. As an application to destroy condy- 
Phoebus. 
loin at a. 
Bateman's Mercurial Lotion. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a lotion in obstinate cutaneous 
eruptions. Bateman. 
Antacrid Tincture. 
R. Powdered resin of guaiacum, Canada balsam, each, one ounce. Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. Oil of sassafras, two fl. drachms. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the mercurial salt in one-half of the alcohol, and then add the remainder, and the other ingredients; after due a digestion, filter. Ten to twenty drops, morning and evening, in wine or water, in syphilis. Ellis. 
COLLYRIUM OF CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE. R. Corrosive sublimate, two grains. Opium, ten grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add 
Mucilage of quince-seed, half an ounce. 
Mix. Van. Mons. 
Injection of Corrosive Sublimate. R. Corrosive sublimate, three grains. Water of rosemary, Distilled water, each, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. As an injection in fistula lachrymalis. Beer. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, one drachm. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Add from five to twenty drops to a solution of 
Sulphate of zinc, five to ten grains; In 
Water, four fl. ounces. A drachm to be injected into the urethra, three times a-day in gonorrhoea. Whately. 
Yellow Wash. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, 
one to three grains. Lime water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Ellis. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, one scruple. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. 
Rub together, and add gradually, 
Distilled water, one pint. 
Mix. 
Span. Ph. 


271 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 
These preparations are employed as lotions to venereal and phagedenic ulcers, and should be shaken up when used. 
Cosmetic Wash 
R. Blanched bitter almonds, six ounces. Beef tea, sixty-four ounces. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Corrosive sublimate, half an ounce. Lemon juice, ten ounces. Solution of carbonate of 
potassa, half an ounce. Incorporate gradually 
Whites of eggs, six ounces. Strain, and add 
Camphor, rubbed with mucilage gum Arabic, half a drachm. 
Mix well. It is said to be an effectual wash for eruptions on the face, but must be used with extreme caution, and very seldom. Van Mons. 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM 
MITE. 
CALOMEL. 
Calomel is prepared by several modes, on the large scale, and is seldom or never, made by the apothecary. The several processes will be found, with judicious observations on each, in the U. S. Dispensatory. It is used in almost every disease, either as a purgative, alterative, anthelmintic, &c. As a purgative it is peculiar, in not producing effects in proportion to the dose. 
Powder of Calomel and Antimony. 
R. Calomel, Golden sulphuret of antimony, equal parts. Triturate together. This powder has been much celebrated under the name of Plummets Alterative, as a deobstruent and alterative. The dose is from five to ten grains a-day, in divided doses. It should be used recently prepared, as in a short time it changes to sulphuret of mercury, and oxide of antimony. Guibourt. 
Powder op Calomel and Jalap. R. Calomel, five grains. Powdered jalap, ten grains. 
Mix. As a purgative, to be mixed with syrup or molasses. Ellis. 
R. Calomel, Powdered jalap, Sugar, each, 
three grains. 
ten grains. 
Mix. Make a powder to be taken at night, or early in the morning, in bilious fevers, and ob. structed bowels. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder of Calomel, Antimony, and Henbane. 
R. Calomel, one grain. Golden sulphuret of antimony, three grains. Powdered extract of 
henbane, one grain. Powdered sugar, half a drachm. 
Mix. To be taken night and morning, in spas, modic diseases; is said to have proved very useful in nyctalopia. Phoebus. 
Powder of Calomel, Jalap, and Rhubarb. 
R. Calomel, Powdered jalap, " rhubarb, each, five grains. Oil of cinnamon, one drop. 
Mix. As a purgative, to be given in syrup or molasses. Ellis. 
Powder of Calomel and Foxglove. R. Calomel, three grains. Powdered foxglove, four grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Two a-day, in chronic hydrocephalus. Berends. 
Powder of Calomel, Nitrate of Potassa, &c. 
R. Calomel, six grains. Nitrate of potassa, one drachm. Tartar emetic, half a grain. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, as a diaphoretic in febrile affections. Ellis. 
Powder of Calomel and Opium. 
R. Calomel, sixteen grains. Powdered opium, four grains. " ipecacuanha, eight grains. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be taken every hour or two. In dysentery. Chapman. 
Powder op Calomel and Gamboge 
R. Calomel, five grains Powdered gamboge, three to six grains. Mix. As an anthelmintic. Ellis 


272 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 
R. Calomel, Powdered gamboge, " jalap, " rhubarb, " ciuuamoD, each, 
two drachms. 
Mix. Dose, five to twenty grains. 
A. T. Thomson. 
Anthelmintic Purgative. 
R. Calomel, three grains. Compound powder of scammony, twelve grains. Mix. To be taken at once, in cases of lumbrici. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder of Calomel and Pink Root. 
R. Calomel, four grains. Powdered pink root, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken two mornings in succession; also on afternoon of second day, followed by a mild purgative; as an anthelmintic for children over four years of age. Ellis. 
Dry Collyrium of Calomel. R. Calomel, 
Powdered sugar, each, half a drachm. " opium, ten grains. 
Mix. To be blown into the eye, in ulcers of the cornea. Radius. 
Calomel Pills. 
R. Calomel, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix the calomel and gum, then beat with syrup into mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. 
A very convenient form to give calomel, whether as purgative, alterative, &c.; each pill contains one grain of calomel. 
Pills of Calomel, Quinia, &c. R. Calomel, six grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning, as an alterative in conditions following bilious fever. Ellis. 
Pills of Calomel and Acetate of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Calomel, five grains. Confection of roses, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two to four hours, in hematemesis, &c. Ellis, 
Pills of Calomel and Dandelion. R. Calomel, four grains. Extract of dandelion, eighteen grains. Mix. To be taken in a day, in divided doses, in abdominal obstructions. Brera. 
Pills of Calomel, Squill, &c. R. Plummer's powder, twelve grains. Ammoniac, two grains. Extract of dandelion, three grains. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Beat together, and form pills of three grains. Dose, five, three or four times a-day, in engorgements of the abdominal viscera, with anasarca supervening on intermittent fever. St. Marie 
Pills of Calomel and Iron. R. Calomel, 
Golden sulphuret of antimony, Sulphate of iron, Myrrh, each, one drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form pills of three grains. Dose, four, morning and evening, in the same cases as above. Swediaur. 
Pills of Calomel and Catechu. R. Powdered catechu, 
Copaiba, each, three drachms. 
Calomel, one scruple. Syrup of comfrey, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make one hundred and fifty pills. Four, thrice a-day, in Ieucorrhoea or gonorrhoea. St. Marie. 
Compound Calomel Pills. R. Calomel, 
Oxysulphuret of antimony, each, two drachms. Powdered guaiacum resin, half an ounce. Molasses, two drachms. 
i Rub the calomel with the antimony, and then with the other ingredients, till well incorporated. Lond. Ph. 1836. 
These pills are known as Plummets pills, and have been much employed in chronic rheumatism, and obstinate cutaneous affections, especially when there is a syphilitic taint. The dose is from three to six grains, twice a-day. R. Calomel, two scruples. Precipitated sulphuret of antimony, one drachm. Guaiacum, two drachms. Copaiba, sufficient. 


273 
HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Three at night, in venereal herpes, till mouth is affected; also using frequent tepid baths.' Ainslie. 
Compound Cathartic Pills. R. Powdered compound extract of colocynth, half an ounce. Extract of jalap, Calomel, each, three drachms. Gamboge, two scruples. Mix, and beat into a mass with water. To be divided into one hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Ph. As a cathartic or laxative, in cases where there is derangement of the liver. Dose, as a purgative, three pills; as a laxative, one pill. 
Pills of Calomel and Colocynth. R. Compound extract of 
colocynth, forty-eight grains. Calomel, one scruple. 
Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Two or three will act as a cathartic. Ellis. 
Pills of Calomel and Antimony. R. Calomel, ten grains. Golden sulphuret of antimony, one scruple. Extract of pot marigold, " hemlock, each, 
two drachms. 
Mix, and beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day, in chronic indurations. Rust, 
R. Calomel, six grains. Kermes mineral, twelve grains. Syrup of elder, sufficient 
to make six pills. One every two hours, in the decline of peripneumonia, and in the cough of children arising from worms. Brera. 
Pills op Calomel and Guaiacum. R. Calomel, 
Resin of guaiacum, each, two drachms. Powdered mallow, four ounces. 
Syrup, sufficient. Form mass, and make pills of four grains. Dose, four or five a-day, in syphilis. Alibcrt. 
Pills of Calomel, Jalap, &c. R. Calomel, 
Resin of jalap, Compound extract of rhubarb, Soap, equal parts. 
Form mass, and make pills of one grain. Dose, ten to twelve grains, as a purgative and anthcl- 
niintic. 
Par. Cod. 
18 
Pills of Calomel and Opium. R. Calomel two grains. Opium, half a grain. 
Mix. Thrice a-day, in neuralgia of the face. Leslie. 
Electuary with Calomel, &c. R. Calomel, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, 
" semen contra, valerian, each, two drachms. 
Conserve of worm- 
wood, one ounce and a half. Oxymel of squill, sufficient. 
Mix. A drachm to half an ounce, in epilepsy complicated with worms. Swediaur. 
Calomel Ointment. 
R. Calomel, one drachm. Rose ointment, three drachms. 
Mix. As an application in herpes. Dupuylren. R. Calomel, ¦ one drachm. 
Sublimed sulphur, two drachms. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix well. In obstinate cutaneous affections. 
Fauquier. 
Ointment of Calomel and Squill. R. Calomel, 
Powdered squill, each, half a drachm. Lard, two drachms. Oil of roses, four drops. 
Mix. In chronic swellings of the joints. Dupuytr'en. 
Ointment of Calomel and Acetate of Copper. 
R. Calomel, Acetate of copper, each, one scruple. Lard, eleven drachms 
Mix well. As an application in porrigo Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Ointment of Calomel, Alum, &c. R. Calomel, two drachms. 
Burnt alum, Litharge, each, half an ounce Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Simple ointment, one ounce and a half. 
Mix well. As an application to tinea capitis, to be applied at night, and washed off in the 
Ellis 
morning. 


274 
HYDRARGYRI ET QUININE CHLORIDUM—H. CYANURETUM. 
Calomel and Camphor Ointment. R. Calomel, half a drachm. Camphor, twelve grains. 
Lard, one ouuce. 
Mix. As an application in lichen. Biett. 
HYDRARGYRI ET QUINIiE CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Mercury and Quinia. R. Bichloride of mercury, one part. Muriate of quinia, three parts. 
Dissolve separately in the smallest quantity of water, and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDermott. 
Pills op Chloride of Mercury and Quinia. 
R. Chloride of mercury and quinia, fifteen grains. Opium, six grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. 
Mix well, and make thirty pills. One, thrice a-day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. 
HYDRARGYRI CYANURETUM. 
Cyanuret of Mercury. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of iron, four ounces. Red oxide of mercury, three ounces. Distilled water, three pints. 
Put the ferrocyanuret of iron and the oxide of mercury, well powdered and mixed, into a glass vessel, and pour on them two pints of the water. Boil, and stir, and if in half an hour a blue color remains, add a small portion of oxide of mercury, and continue boiling until the mixture becomes of a yellowish color; then filter, wash the residue in a pint of distilled Vv-ater, and again filter; mix the solutions, and evaporate, and crystallize. Purity these by dissolving in distilled water, filtering and evaporating. U. S. Ph. 
It is given in doses of a sixteenth to an eighth of a grain, in syphilis, chronic inflammation of the thoracic and abdominal organs, &.c, and also is employed externally in porrigo, and other cutaneous affections. 
Solution of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Cyanuret of mercury, four grains. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. Chaussier. 
Compound Pills of Cyanuret op 
R. Cyanuret of mercury, six grains. Opium, twelve graius. Crumb of bread, one drachm. Honey, sufficient. 
Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, morning and evening. Guibourt. 
R. Cyanuret of mercury, eighteen graius. Muriate of ammonia, Extract of acouite, each, three drachms. 
" box, one ounce and a half. Oil of anise, one scruple. 
Beat together, and make four hundred pills. Two, morning and evening. Cadet. 
Compound Tincture of Cyanuret of Mercury. 
R. Cyanuret of mercury, eighteen grains. Water, fourteen fl. ounces. Alcohol, ten fl. ounces. Muriate of ammonia, Extract of aconite, each, three drachms. 
" box, one ounce and a half. Oil of sassafras, twenty-four drops. 
Dissolve the cyanuret in the water, add the ammonia, extract, and alcohol, let stand for some hours, filter, and add essential oil. 
Gargle of Cyanuret of Mercury. 
R. Cyanuret of mercury, ten grains. Barley water, one pint. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Mix. As a gargle. Brera. R. Sarsaparilla, half an ounce. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil, and add towards close of operation 
Fresh hemlock, two drachms. Strain, and add to eight ounces of filtered liquid, 
Cyanuret of mercury, two grains. As a gargle. Muller. 
Ointment of Cyanuret of Mercury. R. Cyanuret of mercury, twelve grains. Lard, one ounce Rub well together. As an application to vene real ulcers. Fo$ R. Cyanuret of mercury, sixteen grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Oil of lemon, fifteen drops. Rub together. As an application to moist tetter. Biett. 


HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM —H. IODIDUM RUBRUM. 
275 
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM. 
Green Iodide op Mercury. 
R. Mercury, one ounce. 
Iodine, five drachms. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Rub the mercury and iodine together, adding sufficient alcohol to form a soft paste, and continue rubbing till globules disappear. Dry the iodide in the dark, with a gentle heat, and keep from light, in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 
The dose is about a grain a-day, gradually increased to three or four. Used in scrofula, and scrofulous syphilis. 
Powder of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, one to eight grains. Magnesia, one drachm. Mix. Divide into twelve powders. One, three times a-day. Radius. 
Piles of Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Iodide of mercury, five grains. Confection of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. One, three times a-day. Ellis. 
R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. Confection of dog-rose, three drachms. Powdered ginger, one drachm. 
Beat together. Dose, five to ten grains. Lond. Ph. 
R. Iodide of mercury, one grain. Extract of juniper, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice, suflicient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. Two, morning and evening, gradually increasing to double the number. Magendie. 
Compound Pills of Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. Extract of opium, four grains. Lactucarium, twenty-four grains. Extract of guaiacum, forty-eight grains. Beat together, and form forty-eight pills. In syphilis of children; one pill to a child six months old, and two to four at more advanced ages. Ricord. R. Iodide of mercury, ' half a drachm. Extract of guaiacum, one drachm. " lettuce, two scruples. u sarsaparilla, sufficient. Mix, and make seventy-two pills. One, and then two daily. Biett. R. Iodide of mercury, Extract of lettuce, each, half a drachm. 
" hemlock, one drachm. Mix, and make thirty pills. Ricord. 
R. Iodide of mercury, two scruples. Aloes, ~\ eac k Sulphate of iron, V ,', ~ , , Myrrh, ) halfaa ™ hm - Oil of savine, twenty drops. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One, thricB a-day, in amenorrhoea. Barbour 
Ointment of Iodide of Mercury. R. Iodide of mercury, one scruple Lard, one ounce and a half. 
Rub well together. In scrofulous swellings, in dolent glandular tumors, &c. Soubeiran R. Iodide 1 of mercury, one ounce 
White wax, two ounces Lard, six ounces 
Melt the wax and lard, and stir in the iodide. Lond. Ph. 
As a dressing to scrofulous ulcers, &.c. 
R. Iodide of mercury, six grains. Acetate of morphia, eight grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub well together. As an application to obsti nate glandular swellings. Pelletan 
R. Iodide of mercury, one drachm. Soap, half a drachm. Rose water, two drachms. Rose ointment, six drachms. 
Mix. Rieche. 
HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM R U R R U M. 
Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Corrosive sublimate, one ounce. 
Iodide of potassium, ten drachms. Distilled water, two pints. 
Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in a pint and a half, and the iodide in half a pint, of the water, and mix the solutions. Filter, and wash the collected precipitate with distilled water. Dry by a gentle heat, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. Ph. 
Much more active than the iodide. Used in the same cases, in doses of a sixteenth, gradually increased to the fourth of a grain. 
Pills of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, one grain. Extract of juniper, twelve grains. Powdered liquorice, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning and evening. Guibourt. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, five grains. Syrup, sufficient 


276 
HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 
Rub well together, and then with 
Crumb of bread, Sugar, each, sufficient 
to make sixty pills. Two, morning and evening, gradually increasing. Radius. 
Wash of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, twelve grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a lotion to scrofulous ulcers. 
Radius. 
Tincture of Red Iodide of Mercury. R. Red iodide of mercury, twenty grains. Alcohol (.837), one fl. ounce and a half. 
Dissolve. Dose, five to ten drops, in distilled water. Foy. 
Ethereal Ttncture of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, twenty grains. Sulphuric ether, one ounce and a halt*. 
Dissolve. Rather more powerful than the last, and therefore to be given in smaller doses. Magendie. 
Ointment of Red Iodide of Mercury. 
R. Prepared like the ointment of the iodide. 
Lond. Ph. 
It is more active than the ointment of the iodide. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, one scruple. Lard, one ounce and a half. 
Rub well together. As a dressing to obstinate venereal ulcers. Soubeiran. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, fifteen grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Essence of bergamot, twenty drops. Mix well. As an application to chronic cutaneous affections. Foy. 
HYDRARGYRI NITRAS. 
Nitrate of Mercury. Nitrate of the Protoxide of Mercury. 
Mercury, Nitric acid, equal parts. 
Dissolve, with aid of a gentle heat, then boil until a yellow sediment is formed; decant, and permit to crystallize. Guibourt. 
Pills of Protonitrate of Mercury. R. Protonitrate of mercury, ten grains. Extract of liquorice, forty grains. 
Beat into mass with a little water, and form sixty pills. Foy. 
Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. 
R. Mercury, one ounce. 
Nitric acid, fourteen fl. drachms. Presh neat's foot oil, nine fl. ounces. Lard, three ounces. 
Dissolve the mercury in the acid, melt the oil and lard together, and when f hoy become thick, on cooling, add the solution and mix well. U. S. Fh. 
A stimulant and alterative application, used in most cases diluted with lard. Employed in various skin diseases, &c. It is known under the name of Citrine ointment. 
Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury and Lead. 
R. Mercury, four parts. Lead, " half a part. Dissolve separately in 
Nitric acid, sufficient. Then mix 
Oil of almonds, twenty-four parts ; Lard, forty-eight parts; 
first with the mercurial, and then with the saturnine solution ; rub well together. Van Mons. 
Advised by Armstrong in porrigo favosa. 
Liniment of Nitrate of Mercury. R. Ointment of nitrate of 
mercury, two ounces and a half. Simple cerate, seven ounces and a half. Olive oil, five fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix well. Beasley 
R. Ointment of nitrate of mercury, Almond oil, equal parts. 
Triturate together till perfectly mixed. Sir H. Halford. 
Acid Nitrate of Mercury, 
R. Mercury, " two ounces. Pure nitric acid, one and a half fl. 
ounces. 
Water, one ounce and a half. Mix the acid with the water, dissolve in them the mercury by the aid of heat, and evaporate to the bulk of two ounces and a half, (Imp. meas.). Dub. Ph. 
R. Mercury, by weight, four parts. Nitric acid (1.321), by weight, eight parts. 


277 
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM "NIGRUM—H. OXIDUM RUBRUM. 
Dissolve, and evaporate the solutiort to nine parts. Par. Codex. This solution is much used as a caustic. The part to which it is applied becomes white, and in a few days a yellow scab falls off. 
HYDRARGYRIOXIDUM NIGRUM. 
Black Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Calomel, Potassa, each, four ounces. Water, one pint. 
Dissolve the potassa in the water, let settle and decant; add the calomel, stirring well till the black oxide is formed, decant, wash the oxide with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat. U. S. Ph. 
Alterative, purgative, and sialagogue. Dose, one quarter of a grain to two grains. 
Black Wasii. 
R. Calomel, one drachm. 
Lime water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix well. As a lotion to venereal and phagedenic ulcers. Ellis. 
R. Calomel, half a drachm. 
Powdered opium, two drachms. Lime water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a dressing for chancres. Rust. 
Pills of Black Oxide of Mercury. R. Black oxide of mercury, one drachm. Confection of roses, three drachms. 
Powdered chamomile, half a drachm. Mix. As a substitute for blue pill. Tyson. 
Ointment of Black Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Black oxide of mercury, one part. Lard, sixteen parts. 
Subject to a temperature of 300° to 320° for an hour, stirring continually, remove, and stir till cold. As a substitute for mercurial ointment. 
Donovan. 
HYDRARGYRIOXIDUM RUBRUM. 
Red Oxide of Mercury. Red Precipitate. 
R. Mercury, thirty-six ounces. Nitric acid, eighteen fl. ounces. Water, two pints. 
Dissolve the mercury with a gentle heat, in the acid and water, and evaporate to dryness. Rub to powder, and heat in a shallow vessel, as long as red vapors arise. 17. <S. Ph. 
R. Purified mercury, at will. Put in an open glass vessel, with narrow mouth and broad bottom ; expose to heat of 600°, till converted into red scales. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, four ounces. Solution of potassa, twenty-eight fl. ounces. Distilled water, six pints. Dissolve the corrosive sublimate in the water, and add the solution of potassa. Let settle, decant, wash.the precipitate with distilled water, and dry with a gentle heat. Lond. Ph., 183G. 
These preparations arc seldom used internally in this country, as they are harsh and uncertain in their operation, but are much employed externally as stimulants and cscharotics. 
Pills of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, 
Powdered opium, each, one grain. Oil of cloves, two drops. 
Mix, and make three pills. One, every night for a week, in venereal complaints. Ellis. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, three grains. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered mallow root, Water, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twenty pills. One, morning and evening. Radius. 
Powder of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, 
Burnt alum, each, half a drachm. Powdered savine, two drachms. 
As an application to condyloma, whitlow. &c. Phasbus. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury. R. Red oxide of mercury, in 
fine powder, one drachm. Simple oiutment, one ounce. 
Soften the ointment by a gentle heat, and add oxide of mercury and mix well. U. S. Ph. 
An efficacious, stimulating application to foul and indolent ulcers,psorophthalmia, &c. Where it is too stimulating, dilute with lard. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one drachm. Venice turpentine, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to indolent ulcers, and also used in itch. Ellis. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Sulphur. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, Mercury, each, one part. Precipitated sulphur, sixteen parts 


278 
HYDRARGYRI PHOSP H AS —H Y D R ARG YR I SULPHAS 
Triturate till globules disappear, and add 
Lard, thirty-two parts Rub well together. As a friction in the cure of itch. Swediaur. 
Lard, 
Brown Ointment op Red Oxide of Mercury. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. Basilicon ointment, six parts. Rub well together. Used in the treatment of indolent venereal ulcers. Saunders. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Tin. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, two drachms. Amalgam of equal parts of mercury and tin, four drachms. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Rub well together, and add 
Oil of peppermint, twenty drops. Highly spoken of in hemorrhoidal tumors. Cadet de Gassicourt. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Cinnabar. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one ounce. Cinnabar, one drachm. Lard, one pound. 
Rub well together. Employed in chronic inflammations of the eyelids. Giordano. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Zinc. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, one part. Sulphate of zinc, two parts. Lard, ninety-six parts. Rub well together. In scrofulous ophthalmia, as an application to the edges of the eyelids. Dupuytren. 
Ointment of Red Oxide of Mercury and Lead. 
R. Red oxide of mercury, Prepared calamine, Burnt alum, 
Acetate of lead, each, one drachm. Corrosive sublimate, twelve grains. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Rub well together. Celebrated in the treatment of herpetic affections. Guibourt, 
HYDRARGYRI PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate op Mercury. 
R. Solution of nitrate of mercury, at will. Add to it a solution of phosphate of soda, as long as any precipitate is formed; decant, wash the precipitate well, and dry it. Van Mons. 
This has been highly praised in secondary syphilis. The dose is half a grain to a grain, combined with sugar or some aromatic powder. 
Pills of Phosphate of Mercury. R. Phosphate of mercury, ¦ nine grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Opium, six grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make nine pills. One in the evening, at bedtime. Radius. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHAS. 
Persulphate op Mercury. 
R. Mercury, ten ounces. Sulphuric acid, six fl. ounces. 
Expose them to heat in a glass vessel, and increase the heat, until the mass becomes white and perfectly dry. Dub. Ph., 1850. 
Not used as a remedy, but serves to form corrosive sublimate, calomel, and turpeth mineral. 
Yellow Sulphate of Mercury. Turpeth Mineral. 
R. Persulphate of mercury, one part. Warm water, twenty parts. 
Rub together in an earthenware mortar, and pour off the supernatant liquid ; wash the yellow powder with warm distilled water, as long as the washings are precipitated by caustic potassa. Dry. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
R. Mercury, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, six ounces. 
Mix them in a glass vessel, and boil on a sandbath till a dry white mass remains. Rub this into powder, and throw it into boiling water. Pour off the supernatant liquor, wash the yellow precipitate repeatedly in hot water, and dry it. U. S. Ph. 
Turpeth mineral is alterative, crrhine, and emetic. The dose, as an alterative, is from a quarter to half a grain; as an. errhine, one grain, mixed with five grains of some bland powder; as an emetic, two to five grains. 
Compound Powder of Sulphate op Mercury. 
R. Sulphate of mercury, one grain. Powdered asara- 
bacca, one drachm and a half. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One to be used as an errhine, twice a-day, in gutta serena, ozaena, &c. Ellis. 


279 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM—H. SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. 
* 
Ointment of Sulphate of Mercury. R. Sulphate of mercury, one part. Lard, eight parts. Rub well together. As an application to herpes, porrigo, &.c. Soubeiran. R. Sulphate of mercury, two drachms. Chloride of lime, three drachms. Oil of almonds, six drachms. Lard, two ounces. Melt together the oil and lard, and mix the two powders. More stimulating than the last. Used in obstinate cutaneous aifections. Chevallier. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM NIGRUM. 
Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 
Ethiops Mineral. R. Mercury, 
Sulphur, each, one pound. Rub together till all globules disappear. U. S. Ph. 
Employed as an alterative in cutaneous affections and glandular swellings. Dose, from five to thirty grains, or even more, several times aday. 
Powder of Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury, four drachms. 
Prepared chalk, two ounces. 
Powdered amber, one ounce. 
Mix well, and divide into sixty-four powders. One, and afterwards two a-day, in a glass of sugar and water. In scrofulous affections. St. Marie. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury, Prepared oyster shell, each, one drachm 
Powdered orange peel, half a drachm 
Mix, and make ten powders. Three a-day, as an anthelmintic. Phabus. 
Pills of Black Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury, Extract of bitter-sweet, each, two drachms 
Powdered mallow, sufficient. Mix, and form one hundred and twenty pills. Four to five, three times a-day. In obstinate cutaneous affections. Radius. R. Black sulphuret of mercury, 
one scruple Extract of dandelion, three drachms. Ammoniac, two drachms. 
Powdered squill, half a drachm. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat together, and make pills of three grains. Dose, five, thrice a-day. In ascites with engorgement of the abdominal viscera. St. Marie. 
R. Black sulphuret of mercury, half an ounce 
Guaiacum, 
Soap, each, two drachms. Golden sulphuret of antimony, two scruples. Extract of horehound, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Ten, morning and evening. In chronic rheumatism, lialdinger. 
HYDRARGYRI SULPHURETUM RUBRUM. 
Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
Cinnabar. 
R. Mercury, forty ounces. Sulphur, eight ounces. 
Melt the sulphur, .and mix the mercury with it over the fire. When mass begins to swell remove from fire, and cover the vessel, to pre vent combustion; when cool, powder, and sub lime. U. S. Ph. 
At one time, cinnabar was much used as an alterative and anthelmintic, but it is now seldom employed except ibr fumigation. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 
Powder of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, half an ounce. 
Powdered sugar candy, three ounces. Oil of cinnamon, half a drachm. 
Rub well together. At one time celebrated as cordial, stomachic, and analeptic, in doses of :», scruple. Swediaur. 
Pills of Red Sulphuret op Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, Powdered Virginia snakeroot, each, half a drachm. 
Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and form twelve pills. Two to be taken thrice a-day; alterative and diaphoretic; useful in obstinate cutaneous affections. Ellis. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, Extract of wormwood, 
" hemlock, each, one drachm. 
Beat together, and form pills of two grains. Dose, seven, morning and evening, in venereal glandular swellings. Augustin, 


280 
HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS — H YOSCYAMUS. 
Fumigating Powder. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, 
four drachms. 
Olibanum, two drachms. Mix. To be thrown on a red hot iron, and the diseased parts exposed to the fumes. In herpes, and venereal pustules. Foy. 
Cerate of Red Sulphuret op Mercury. 
R. Powdered red sulphuret of mercury, fifteen grains. Yellow resin, half an ounce. Yellow wax, Lard, each, half a pound. 
Melt the resin, wax, and lard together, and add the sulphuret. As a dressing to ill-conditioned ulcers. Swediaur. 
Ointment of Red Sulphuret of Mercury. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, one drachm and a half. 
Muriate of ammonia, half a drachm. Lard, two ounces. Rose water, one fl. drachm. 
Rub well together. Advised in pityriasis, to diminish the itching. Radius. 
R. Red sulphuret of mercury, one drachm 
Camphor, one scruple Simple cerate, one ounce 
Rub well together. Used in the treatment of herpes. To be applied at least twice a-day. Alibert. 
HYDRARGYRI TARTRAS. Tartrate of Mercury. 
R. Black oxide of mercury, at will Tartaric acid, sufficient. 
Boil together, in a due proportion of water, until the oxide is dissolved ; filter, and evaporate to. the point of crystallization ; wash the crystals. Swediaur. 
Dose, one to two grains, twice a-day. 
Tartrate of Mercury and Potassa R. Boiling saturated solution of 
nitrate of mercury, at will 
Add, drop by drop, a boiling saturated solution of bitartrate of potassa, as long as a precipitate is formed; decant, wash the precipitate well with cold water, dissolve in boiling water, and set aside to crystallize. Van Mons. 
Dose, one to three grains. Once very cele hrated as Pressaviris vegeto-mercurial liquor. 
HYDRASTIS. 
Yellow Root. 
This is the root of Hydrastis Canadensis, a native plant, more common in the western than in the eastern States. The flowers are yellow and fugacious, and are succeeded by red fruit, resembling raspberries, but not eatable Sex. Syst, Polyand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 784. Griffith,,Med. Bot. 82. The root is contorted, rugose, and of a bright yellow color. It has a strong, somewhat narcotic odor, and a very bitter taste. It is a powerful tonic bitter, and is also used in decoction as a wash in chronic ophthalmia. It is given in powder or decoction. 
II Y 0 S C Y A M U S. 
Henbane. 
Several species of Hyoscyamus are medicinal, but the onlv one that is officinal, is the H. niger, a native of Europe, and now naturalized in some parts of the United States. It has a lurid appearance, and a rank, unpleasant odor. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanacece. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 257. Griffith, Med. Bot. 484. All parts of the plant are active, but the leaves are generally employed, though the seeds also are officinal. The dried leaves have but little taste or smell. The seeds are small, roundish, somewhat reniform, of a grayish color; of an unpleasant smell, and an oily, somewhat bitter taste. They both owe their properties to an alkaloid, called hyoscyamia. They are anodyne and hypnotic, and are used to relieve pain, to procure sleep, and to quiet an excited nervous system. The dose of the powdered leaves is from five to ten grains; of the seeds rather less. 
Aqueous Extract of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, one pound. 
Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a little water; express, heat the juice to boiling point, strain, and evaporate. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two grains, twice a-day, to be gradually increased till the system is affected. 
Alcoholic Extract of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, in coarse 
powder, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Moisten the henbane with half a pint of the alcohol, and let stand for twenty-four hours; then put in a displacement apparatus, and exhaust, with the remainder of the alcohol, adding sufficient water at the close, to drive off all the spirit. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, as for the last, and in the same manner. 


281 
HYOSCY AMDS. 
Fluid Extract of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, in coarse powder, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Sugar, eight ounces. Pour one pint of the diluted alcohol on the powder, macerate twenty-four hours, put in a percolator and pass three pints of tincture. Evaporate the tincture to ten fl. ounces, dissolve the sugar in it while hot, and when cold, two fl. ounces of alcohol (.835), or sufficient to measure a pint. C. A. Smith. 
R. Extract of henbane, half an ounce. Water, ten fl. ounces. Sugar, eight ounces. 
Rub the extract with the water, add the sugjir, dissolve, and then add sufficient alcohol to measure a pint. W. Procter, Jr. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. 
Compound Powder of Henbane. R. Powdered extract of henbane, Oxide of zinc, each, ten grains. Magnesia, half a drachm. Sugar of milk, two drachms and a half. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One every three hours, as a sedative, in nervous attacks. 
Vogler. 
Compound Pills of Henbane. R. Extract of henbane, 
" opium, " belladonna, 
" hemlock, each, one ounce. 
Beat together, and form pills of one grain. Said to be useful in neuralgia of the face, in doses of one to six a-day. Pierquin. R. Extract of henbaue, half a drachm. " opium, two grains. Powdered foxglove, " ipecacuanha, each, five grains. Beat together, and make thirty pills. One every three hours, in hooping-cough. Phoebus. R. Extract of henbane, 
" valerian, Oxide of zinc, equal parts. 
Beat together, and form pills of three grains. In neuralgia, in doses of one to ten. Foy. R. Extract of henbane, two scruples. Powdered myrrh, one drachm and a half. 
" squill, half a drachm. Distilled water, suflicient. 
Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, night and morning, in catarrh and phthisis, with debility of the pulmonary organs. Paris. 
Pills of Henbane and Opium. R. Extract of henbane, 
" hemlock, each, fifteen grains. Powdered opium, four grains. 
Beat into mass, and make ten pills. One at night, as an anodyne. Ellis. 
Pills of Henbane and Ipecacuanha. R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Mix, and make ten pills. One, every hour or two, in irritability of the bowels, with flatulence. Ellis. 
Infusion of Henbane. 
R. Leaves of henbane, half an ounce. Roiling water, one pint. 
Infuse. As a lotion to painful ulcers. Ellis. 
Compound Infusion of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, 
Poppy heads, Mallow, each, one ounce. 
Boiling water, four pints. Infuse for an hour, and strain. As a fomentation to painful tumors, &c. Radius. 
Mixture of Henbane. 
R. Oil of almonds, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Oil of fennel, one drop. Extract of henbane, six grains. Sugar, half an ounce. Water, two fl. ounces. Rub well together. A spoonful every two hours, in catarrh. Foy. 
Mixture of Henbane and Antimony. R. Extract of henbane, ten grains. Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. Dissolve. In hooping-cough, in doses of five to ten drops. Augustin. 
Tincture of Henbane. 
R. Henbane leaves, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a fl. drachm. 
Ethereal Tincture of Henbane. R. Henbane leaves, one part. Sulphuric ether, six parts- 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter Dose, ten to twelve drops, three or four times a-day. Hesse Ph. 


282 
ICHTH YOCOLLA 
Mixture of Henbane and Squill. R. Tincture of squill, ten drops. Nitric acid, five drops. Extract of henbane, three grains. Water, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. In spasmodic asthma; to be repeated every three or four hours. Bree. 
Liniment of Henbane. 
R. Extract of henbane, half a drachm. White soap, two drachms. Linseed oil, six ounces. Mix. As an embrocation to glandular swellings. Dupuytren. 
Ointment of Henbane. 
R. Extract of henbane, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together. As an application to painful hemorrhoids. Taddei. 
Compound Ointment of Henbane. R. Leaves of henbane, 
" stramonium, " bittersweet, 
" elder, each, a handful. Lard, two pounds. 
Heat tog-ether till all moisture is evaporated, and strain. As an application to frost-bites, chilblains, &c. Spielmann. 
R. Fresh poplar buds, four ounces. Lard, twelve ounces. Leaves of henbane, 
" p«ppy> " belladonna, " black nightshade, each, one 
ounce. 
Heat together till all moisture is evaporated. As a soothing and anodyne ointment to painful local .affections. Cottereau. 
This is much used in Europe,)under the name of Unguentumpopuleum. 
I. 
ICHTH YOCOLLA. 
Isinglass. 
This is the swimming bladder of several kinds of fish. The best, however, is procured from various species of sturgeon, inhabiting the more southern parts of Russia. It is a pure and nutritious gelatine, and is rather employed as food, and in the arts, than in medicine, in which it is only used as the basis of court-plaster. 
Court-Plaster. 
R. Isinglass, one ounce. 
Water, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and add 
Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. When perfectly dissolved, brush over strained silk, or sarsnet, several times, alternating with a layer of tincture of Peru or benzoin. Cottereau. R. Isinglass, nine drachms. 
nine drachms. 
Dissolve in water, and add hot filtered mixture of 
Alcohol (0.921), twelve fl. ounces. Tincture of benzoin, two fl. ounces. 
Apply this to strained silk, till six coats are given, peimitting each to dry before applying Another, then brush over twice with a mix.ure of 
Tincture of benzoin, six fl. ounces. Liquid turpentine, four ounces. Virey. 
R. Isinglass, . one ounce. 
Water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix, and allow to stand till the isinglass is quite soft, then add 
Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces and a half; 
mixed with 
Water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Expose to heat of water-bath, till dissolved, and apply to oiled silk, nailed to a board, by means of a soft brush; apply four coats. Liston. 
R. Fasten a piece of fine muslin, linen, or silk, to a flat board, and give it a thin coat of flour paste;, over this, when dry, two coats of colorless gelatine are to be applied. Said to be superior to the usual court-plaster. Deschamps. 
R. To one quart of jelly (obtained by 'boiling two beef's feet in sufficient water to cover them, and removing the fat from the surface), add one ox-gall; boil, and strain through a coarse cloth. Then add, while warm, two fl. ounces 


283 
INDIGO —INULA. 
of laudanum, and the same quantity of tincture of camphor. Stir well together, and apply the composition to silk stretched on frames, two or three times with a paint-brush, and carefully dry. This is far less apt to irrita'te the skin than common courtplaster. 
Bullock. 
Diamond Cement. 
R. Tsinglass, softened in water, and dissolved in the smallest quantity of diluted alcohol; Of the solution, two ounces. Ammoniac, ten grains]; 
and whilst still liquid, add 
Solution of mastic, made with half a 
drachm, in three drachms of alcohol. Stir well together. Redwood. 
INDIGO. 
Tndigo. 
A tinctorial material, obtained from several species of Indigofera, It is found in commerce, in the form of small, solid, brittle masses, having scarcely any taste or odor, of a deep blue color, but assuming a coppery lustre when rubbed. It is principally used in the arts, but has also been employed as a remedial agent, in various spasmodic diseases. The dose is about a scruple, two or three times a-day, rapidly increased to a drachm or more. 
Powder of Indigo 
R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. Aromatic powder, half a drachm. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in epilepsy. Radius. 
Electuary of Indigo. 
R. Powdered indigo, half an ounce. Aromatic powder, half a drachm. Syrup, one fl. ounce.' 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses, during the day. Phoebus. 
Pills of Indigo. 
R. Powdered indigo, seventy-five grains. Assafetida, fifteen grains. Castor, seven grains. 
Mix, and form twenty pills. One, every hour. 
Podreca 
Sulphate of Indigo. 
R. Indigo, Bengal, in powder, 
four ounces 
Sulphuric acid, twenty-four ounces. 
Dissolve by maceration and agitation, and ad<* water until the solution measures four pints. 
INULA. 
Elecampane. 
The root of Inula helenium, a large herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and cultivated in gardens in this country, where it has also become naturalized in some places. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Asteraceoe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 881. Griffith, Med. Bot. 397. The root is thick, fleshy, and branched. As dried and found in the shops, it is in slices of a yellowish-gray color, with a peculiar and aromatic odor, and an unpleasant, bitterish taste, with an after sensation of pungency. It is tonic and expectorant, and also acts in some cases as a diuretic and diaphoretic. The dose of the powder is from a scruple to a drachm. 
Decoction of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root, half an ounce. Water, one pint. 
Boil. Dose, a fl. ounce every hour or two. Wood. 
Compound Pills of Elecampane. R. Extract of elecampane, one drachm. Powdered foxglove, " ipecacuanha, each, ten grains. Opium, five grains. Beat into mass, and form pills of two grains. One every hour, in chronic catarrh. Heim. 
Extract of Elecampane. 
R. Elecampane root, at will. 
Water, suflicient. 
Make a concentrated infusion, strain, and eva porate to the proper consistence. Dose, from a scruple to a drachm. Cottereau 
Mixture of Elecampane. 
R. Extract of elecampane, two drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. ounce Syrup of orange flowers, half a fl. ounce 
Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty drops, every three hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. 
Jahu 


284 
IODINIUM 
Compound Oxymel of Elecampane. R. Elecampane root, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Orris root, half an ounce. Water, thirty-six fl ounces. 
Boil down to two-thirds, strain, and add Honey, sixteen ounces. Ammoniac, one ounce. 
Vinegar, eight fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey. A spoonful occasionally, in catarrh and humid asthma. Spielmann. 
IODINIUM. 
Iodine. 
Iodine is an elementary non-metallic body, having many of the properties of chlorine. It exists in many marine vegetables and animals, and also in some mineral bodies and salt springs; but is principally obtained from kelp, or the ashes of seaweeds. It is soft, friable, and opaque; of a bluish-black color and metallic lustre, and has a strong and penetrating odor and an acrid taste. It is employed as a stimulant or alterant in morbid actions of the absorbent and glandular systems, both externally and internally, and, in over doses, acts as an irritant poison. 
The dose, in substance, is from the eighth of a grain to a grain. 
Pills of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, six grains. Extract of gentian, one drachm. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twenty-four pills. These are said to be useful in mercurial or scorbutic salivation. Radius. 
Tincture of Iodine. 
R. Iodine, one ounce. 
Alcohol, one pint. Dissolve. . U. S. Ph. 
Sixteen minims, or thirty-five drops, contain one grain of iodine. Dose, from ten to twenty drops, three times a-day; to be increased. 
Saturated Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, two scruples. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Five to ten drops, twice a-day, gradually increasing. In amenorrhoea, Ieucorrhoea, gonorrhoea, &c. Durand. 
Compound Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, half an ounce. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. 
Alcohol, 
one pint. 
Mix, and form a tincture. Dose, five to fifteen drops, as may be required. U. S. Ph. 
Ethereal Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodine, two scruples. Sulphuric ether, one fl. ounce and a half. Dissolve, and filter. Magendie. R. Iodine, six grains. Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. Dissolve. Dose, ten drops, two or three times a-day, much diluted. In diseases of the skin or glands. Ellis. 
R. Iodine, at will. Sulphuric ether, sufficient 
to make a saturated solution. This is very useful as a counter-irritant, and is applied by a camel-hair pencil. The part is then to be covered with a pledget of lint to check evaporation. R. Thomson. 
Mixture of Iodine and Iodide of 
Potassium 
R. Iodine, three grains. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Dose, six to twenty drops, thrice aday, in a draught of cold water. In glandular diseases and affections of the mucous membranes. Morton, 
Bath with Iodine. 
For adults. 1. 2. 3. R. Iodide of po- 
tassium, 231 grs. 308 grs. 370 grs. Iodine, 123 " 154 « 184 « Water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. For children. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 77 grs. 92 grs. 107 grs. Iodine, 38 " 46 " 61 « Water, ten fl. ounces. Dissolve, and add to bath of sixty gallons. Used in scrofulous affections. Lugol. 
Solution of Iodine. 
For internal use. 1. 2. 3. 
R. Iodine, \ gr. % gr. 1 gr. Commonsalt, 12 grs. 12 grs. 12 grs. Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. 
For external use. 
R. Iodine, 2 grs. 3 grs. 4 grs. Distilled water, Oj. Oj. Oj. 
As a lotion. 
Lugol. 


IODINIUM 
285 
i 
Lotton of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine, half a fl. ounce. Iodide of iron, twelve grains. Chloride of antimony, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an application to corns, by means of a camel's-hair pencil, after the corn has been pared. Henderson. 
R. Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. Black drop, two fl. drachms. 
Oil of almonds, Lime water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix carefully. As a lotion for chilblains. Cadet. 
R. Iodine, one or two grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Water, one pint. 
Mix. To wash scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 
Mixture of Iodine 
R. Tincture of iodine, ninety drops. Decoction of Peruvian 
bark, ten fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls, three times a-day. Radius. 
R. Tincture of iodine, ten drops. Water of soapwort, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange-flowers, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. In spoonful doses. In the treatment of scrofulous ulcers. Foy. 
Clyster of Iodine. R. Gum Arabic, four 
four drachms. 
Water, six fl. ouuees. 
Dissclve, and add 
Tincture of iodine, five drops. 
In amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, &c. Cadet. 
Gargle of Iodine. R. Tincture of iodine, one to two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of opium, one fl. drachm. Water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a gargle, in ulceration of the tonsils. Ross. 
Ointment op Iodine. 
R. Iodine, one scruple. Iodide of potassium, four grains. Water, six minims. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub the iodine and iodide with the water, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 
In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. 
R. Iodine, one scruple Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Mix. To be applied to the tonsils, night and morning, by means of a brush. Not to be used till all inflammation is subdued. Cerchiari. 
R. Iodine, one part. Lard, sixteen parts. Rub together carefully. Guibourt. 
Compound Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodine, half a drachm. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Lard, two ounces. Rub the iodine and iodide of potassium with the alcohol, and then with the lard, till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. 
Used in same cases as the iodine ointment, but is more active. 
Iodine Ointment with Oil of Tobacco. 
R. Iodine, twelve grains. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Oil of tobacco, fifty drops. Lard, two drachms. 
Mix. To relax rigid muscles. Dover. 
Iodine Ointment and Mercury. R. Mercurial ointment, sixteen parts. Iodine, three parts. Mix. In frictions, in ovarian dropsy. Radius. 
Liniment of Iodine. 
R. Liniment of opium, one fl. ounce. Tincture of iodine, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Manson. 
Cataplasm of Iodine. 
R. Tincture of iodine, half fl. ounce. Flaxseed meal, one ounce. 
Oatmeal, three ounces. 
Distilled water, sufficient. Make a cataplasm. Used as an application to scrofulous tumors and goitre. Dunglison, N. Rem. 
Iodine Plaster. 
R. Iodine, one drachm. 
Iodide of potassium, one scruple. Water, half a fl. drachm. 
Triturate in a mortar, and add to 
Burgundy pitch, 
three ounces. 
Wax, Suet, each, half an ounce 
Melt together, and triturate till well mixed 


286 
IPECACUANHA. 
IPECACUANHA. 
Ipecacuanha. 
The root of Cephcslis ipecacuanha, a small herbaceous plant, a native of Brazil. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Rubiacene. 
Richard, Bull. Med. iv. 92. Griffith, Med. Bot. 357. 
This root is about the size of a large quill, of an irregular, twisted shape, apparently formed of small, unequal rings, about a line in height, separated by narrow interstices; when broken, it presents two distinct parts, a thin ligneous centre, and a thick cortical layer of a brownish color, and somewhat resinous appearance, having an herbaceous, sub-acrid, somewhat bitter taste, and a nauseous odor. Externally it presents some varieties of color, but is usually brown. It is emetic, and sometimes purgative in full doses, and diaphoretic and expectorant in small, but repeated quantities. As an emetic, the dose is fifteen to twenty grains ; as a nauseant, two to four grains; as an expectorant, one to two grains. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Opium. 
(Dover's Powder.) R. Ipecacuanha, 
Opium, each, in powder, one drachm. Sulphate of potassa, one ounce. 
Triturate thoroughly. U. S. Ph. R. Ipecacuanha, 
Liquorice root, Extract of opium, each, in powder, one ounce. 
Sulphate of potassa, Nitrate of potassa, each, four ounces. 
Triturate well. Par. Cod. This latter formula approaches nearest to the original formula of Dover, but is not superior to the first, now generally used. Duse, nve to ten grains, as a diaphoretic. 
Dover's Powder, (Original). 
R. Opium, one ounce. 
Saltpetre, Vitriolated tartar, each, four ounces. Ipecacuhan, one ounce. 
Liquorice, one ounce. 
* f'ut the saltpetre and tartar into a red-hot moitar, stirring them with a spoon until they have done flaming. Then powder them very fine. After that slice in your opium; grind these to a powder, and then mix the other powders with them." Dover. 
Powder op Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, one scruple. 
Tartar emetic, 
one grain. 
Mix. As an emetic, or in divided doses, as a nauseant and sudorific. Ellis. 
Ellis. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " rhubarb, each, one scruple. 
Mix. As an emeto-cathartic in full doses; or tonic alterative, in doses of three or four grains. 
Beasley. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Muriate of Ammonia. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, a quarter grain. Muriate of ammonia, twelve grains. Extract of liquorice, Sugar of milk, each, six grains. Mix. To be taken every two hours, as an expectorant, on the decline of pneumonia. Kopp. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Anti« mony. 
R. Ipecacuanha, 
Golden sulphuret of antimony, each, one grain. Camphor, three grains. Gum Arabic, one scruple. Triturate well. To be taken every two hours, in deficient expectoration in pneumonia. Phoebus. 
Powder op Ipecacuanha and Carbonate of Soda. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " opium, each, one grain. Carbonate of soda, twelve grains. Mix, and rub well together. To be taken' every eight hours, in spasmodic asthma, hooping-cough, &c. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Nitre. R. Dover's powder, one drachm. Nitre, one ounce. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses. Beasley. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. " nitrate of potassa, one scruple and a half. " myrrh, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into four powders; one to be taken every four hours. Found useful in asthma, and the earlier stages of phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Calo- 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. 
three grains. 
" opium, 


287 
IPECACUANHA. 
Calomel, one grain and a half. Powdered nitre, half a drachm. 
Mix, and make six powders. One, every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Ellis. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Myrrh. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, six grains. " myrrh, twelve grains. " nitre, half a drachm. Mix, and make four powders. One, every four hours, as a stimulating- expectorant. Paris. 
Powder of Ipecacuanha and Tragacanth. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Compound tragacanth powder, ten grains. Mix, make a powder, to be taken every four or six hours. Useful at the commencement of febrile diseases, after clearing the stomach and bowels. A. T. Thomson. 
Extract of Ipecacuanha. R. Coarsely-powdered 
ipecacuanha, two parts. Proof spirit, seven parts. 
Treat by displacement; distil off the spirit and evaporate, on water-bath, to proper consistence. Paris Cod. 
Bolus of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Conserve of opium, one scruple. Prepared chalk, sufficieut. Mix, and make eight boluses. Two, night and morning, in dysentery. St. Marie. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two grains. Aromatic powder, ten grains. Syrup of cinnamon, sufficient. 
Mix, and make two boluses. One, in the evening, in dyspepsia. Cadet. 
Pills of Ipecacuanha and Opium. R. Dover's powder, three parts. Confection of roses, one part. Mix, and make pills of four grains each. Ed. Ph. 
Pills op Ipecacuanha and Squill. R. Dover's powder, three drachms. Powdered squill, Ammoniac, each, one drachm. Molasses, sufficient. Mix, and form mass. Dose, five to ten grains, 
as a diaphoretic. 
Lond. Ph. 
Pills of Ipecacuanha and Foxglove. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, " foxglove, each, half a drachm. 
u opium, five grains Extract of elecampane, sufficient 
Mix, and make sixty pills. One, every three hours, in spasmodic asthma. Heim. 
Pills of Ipecacuanha and Centaury. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, Extract of centaury, each, fifteen grains. Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, night and morning, in dyspepsia. Radius. 
Lozenges of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, half an ounce. " sugar, fourteen ounces. Arrow root, four ounces. 
Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix the powder thoroughly, and form into a mass with the mucilage, and divide into lozenges of ten grains each. U. S. Ph. 
A good expectorant in catarrh. Each contains a quarter of a grain of ipecacuanha. 
Lozenges of Ipecacuanha and Camphor. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, fifteen grains. " camphor, u sugar, each, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty lozenges. Beasley. R. Powdered sugar, five hundred parts. Flake manna, one hundred and twenty-five parts. Powdered ipecacuanha, eighteen parts. Lactucarium, eight parts. Powdered squill, four parts. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make into a uniform paste, and divide into lozenges of ten grains. Five or six a-day, in catarrh, &c. Grunn. 
Confection of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, twelve grains. Flowers of sulphur, one scruple. Powdered orris, one drachm. Syrup of mallow, Manna, each, two ounces 
Mix. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, 
Bories. 
in hooping-cough. 


288 
IPECACUANHA. 
Decoction of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two drachms. Water, ' twelve ounces. 
One-third of the water is to be used at a time, no as to make three decoctions; these are to be united, and should amount to six ounces. Celebrated in dysentery; one-third to be taken at a dose. Soubeiran. 
Mixture op Ipecacuanha. 
R. Powdered ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Tincture of squill, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Four tablespoonfuls ; then two every ten minutes, till vomiting is produced. Ellis. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, five grains. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. Spirit of cinnamon, two drachms. Chalk mixture, thirteen drachms. Mix. As a draught in dysentery. Hooper. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, two graius. Carbonate of soda, ten graius. Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. Mint water, six fl. ounces. Mix. In spoonfuls, to check spasmodic vomiting. «S/. Marie. 
R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm. Senna, two drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twelve hours, strain, and add Oxymel of squill, Syrup of hyssop, each, one ounce. 
Mix. In spoonfuls, in hooping-cough. Guibourt. 
Syrup of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Ipecacuanha, in coarse powder, 
one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Sugar, two pounds and a half. Water, sufficient. 
Macerate the ipecacuanha in the alcohol for fourteen days, and filter. Evaporate to six fl. ounces, filter, and add water to make a pint. Lastly, add the sugar and proceed as for syrup. 17. S. Ph. 
As emetic for children, one to two fl. drachms. As expectorant, five to twenty minims. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha, (troy), six ounces. Alcohol, one pint and a half. Water, one pint. Mix to form a tincture. Digest for ten days, filter, and add one pint of water by way of displacement; evaporate in a water-bath to two oints; add immediately 
Refined sugar, three pounds and a quarter (troy), 
and boil. 
Coggeshall. 
Compound Syrup of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, oue drachm. Orris root, two drachms. Red Peruvian bark, half an ounce. Seneka, 
Iceland moss, each, two ounces. Sugar, two pounds. Boiling water, two pints. 
Digest for two hours, strain, and evaporate to one pint; then add the sugar, and make* a syrup. In spoonful doses, as an expectorant. Courtois. R. Syrup of ipecacuanha, 
" poppies, each, two ounces. " orange flowers, one ounce. Oxymel of squill, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, in hoopingcough. Cadet. 
Tincture of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints 
Digest for eight, days, and filter. Used as a dia phoretic in febrile affections. Mettauer 
Wine of Ipecacuanha. 
R. Bruised ipecacuanha, two ounces Sherry wine, two piuts. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph 
Emetic and diaphoretic. Dose, for an adult, as emetic, one fl. ounce; for a child, one fl. drachm. 
Compound Wine of Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, four parts. Sugar, two parts. Diluted alcohol, twenty-four parts. Digest for eight days, and add 
Sherry wine, ninety-six parts. Star anise, one part. Sugar, four parts. Filter at the end of six days. Niemann. 
Wine op Ipecacuanha and Tartar Emetic 
R. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix. A teaspoonful, every ten or fifteen minutes, till vomiting is induced. Ellis. 
Alkaline Wine op Ipecacuanha. R. Wine of ipecacuanha, forty minims. Tincture of opium, eight drops. 


289 
IRIS FLORENTINA—J ALA PA. 
Carbonate of soda, sixteen grains. Syrup, two fl. drachms. Water, fourteen fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful, to children, in hoopingcough Pierson. 
Elixir of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce. Flowers of benzoin, Opium, Saffron, each, two drachms. Oil of anise, one drachm. Camphor, two scruples. Alcohol, two pints. Digest, express, and filter. Dose, one to two drachms, as a stimulating sudorific. Cadet. 
IRIS FLORENTINA. Florentine Iris. Orris. 
The Florentine iris is a native of the southern parts of Europe, and affords a root, or rhizome, known as orris root. 
Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Irida- 
cere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 55. Griffith, Med. Bot. 625. The rhizome is horizontal, knotty, and fragrant ; in a recent state it is acrid, and somewhat bitter; this acrimony disappears in a great measure on desiccation. It is seldom used in medicine, but forms an ingredient in numerous tooth-powders, &c. 
Dentifrice with Orris Root. 
R. Cream of tartar, two ounces. Powdered orris root, one ounce. " myrrh, " kino, each, half an ounce. Mix well. Redwood, R. Powdered Castile soap, 
" orris root, each, two ounces. " cuttlefish bone, " prepared chalk, each, three ounces. 
Oil of cloves, Essence of lemon, each, twenty drops. 
Mix. Redwood. 
J 
JALAPA. 
Powder of Jalap and Cream of Tartar. 
Jalap. 
Jalap is the root of the fyomatajalapa, a native 
R. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Cream of tartar, six drachms. 
oi Mexico. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Con- 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One every three hours, as a hydragogue purgative. Ellis. 
volvulacese. 
Coxe, Am. Journ. Med. Sci., 1830. Griffith, Med. Bot. 474. 
R. Jalap, two ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
The root, when dried, is in pieces of various forms and sizes; usually entire, but sometimes in slices. The epidermis is thin and brown; within it is grayish, with brown, concentric rings. The powder is of a brownish-yellow, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor, and a sweetish, sub-acrid, nauseous taste. It is an active purgative, in doses of ten to thirty grains. 
Sugar, thirteen ounces. Oil of orange peel, two drachms. 
Mix. Dose, one to two drachms. Cadet, R. Powdered jalap, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Cream of tartar, two ounces. Mix. U. S. Ph. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. 
Powder op Jalap and Calomel. R. Powdered jalap, ten grains. Calomel, five grains. Mix. To be given in syrup or molasses. As a purgative. Ellis. R. Powdered jalap, twelve grains. Calomel, three grains. Sulphate of potassa, seven grains. Mix; make a powder, to be taken at night; a useful purge in diminishing the action of the 
Powder op Jalap and Ipecacuanha. R. Jalap, fifteen grains. Ipecacuanha, five grains. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 
Mix. Parts. 
Powder op Jalap and Scammony. 
R. Jalap, 
one drachm 
liver. 
A. T. Thomson. 
19 


290 
JALAPA 
Scammony, one scruple. Ipecacuanha, ten drachms. 
Mix, and divide into powders of eight grains. In mucous discharges. Dumas. 
Compound Powder op Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap, three ounces. Cream of tartar, six ounces. 
Powdered ginger, two drachms. Mix. Half a drachm to one drachm, as a hydragogue purgative. Lond. Ph. i 
Extract of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, in coarse powder, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Water, suflicient. 
Macerate the jalap in the alcohol for four days» then exhaust by the process of displacement! first by alcohol, then by water. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture, and evaporate the infusion, till both are of the consistence of thin honey, mix them, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from ten to twenty grains. 
Resin of Jalap. 
R. Coarsely-powdered jalap, at will. Moisten thoroughly with rectified spirit, put in a displacement apparatus and exhaust; distil off the spirit, and evaporate to due consistence. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, four to twelve grains. 
Alkaline Extract of Jalap. R. Powdered jalap, two pounds. Alcohol (.921), one gallon. Digest for some days, strain, and filter; evaporate slowly on the water-bath to a pilular consistence, adding gradually, 
Carbonate of potassa, twelve drachms. Dose, three to nine grains. Durand. 
Compound Pills of Jalap. 
R. Jalap, Rhubarb, 
Aloes, each, 
one ounce. 
Soap, two ounces. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and form mass. Dose, twenty to thirty grains Foy. 
Pills op Jalap and Calomel. R. Resin of jalap, 
Soap, each, one drachm. 
Oil of orange peel, six drops. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. AliberL 
Electuary op Jalap. R. Powdered jalap, 
Black sulphuret of mercury, each, two drachms. Scammony, one drachm. Resin of jalap, Squill, each, one drachm and a half. Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient*. 
Mix. Dose, halt a drachm to a drachm, in dropsy or lead colic. Cadet. 
R. Powdered jalap, two drachms. Cream of tartar, one ounce and a half. Ginger, one scruple. Molasses, two ounces and a half. Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. 
R. Powdered jalap, Cream of tartar, Nitre, each, half an ounce. Confection of senna, one ounce. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix. A bolus the size of a hazlenut, three or four times a-day, in hemorrhoids. Ellis. 
Emulsion of Jalap. 
R. Resin of jalap, 
Resin of jalap, nine grains. Soap, three grains. Olive oil, one ounce and a half. 
Triturate well. Said to be useful in dysentery. A tablespoonful, occasionally. VogeL 
Mixture of Jalap. 
R. Infusion of senna, six fl. ounces. Extract of jalap, half a drachm. Tartrate of potassa, four drachms. Oil of ginger, twenty minims. 
Mix. Beasley. 
Soap op Jalap. R. Resin of jalap, Soap, equal parts. Dissolve in 
Alcohol, sufficient. Evaporate to pilular consistence. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. Pruss. Ph. 
Tincture of Jalap. 
R. Powdered jalap, six ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter U. S. Ph. 
Seldom given alone, but added to cathartic mixtures, in portions of one to two fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture of Jalap. R. Jalap. six draohms. Black hellebore, three drachma. 


291 
JUGLANS CINEREA —JUNIPERUS. 
Juniper berries, half an ounce. Rasped guaiacum, half an ounce. Brandy, twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Digest for three days, express, and filter. 
Ed. Ph., 1744. 
R. Jalap, eight ounces. Scammony, two ounces. Turbeth, one ounce. 
Brandy, twelve pints. Digest for twelve hours, on a water-bath, filter, and add 
Syrup of senna, four pounds. Mix. Giordano. 
Mixture op Tincture op Jalap. R. Tincture of jalap, two fl. drachms. Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. Mint water, one fl. ounce. Mix. To be taken three times a-day. EUis. 
JUGLANS CINEREA 
Butternut. 
The Butternut, or White Walnut, is an indigenous tree, with numerous, nearly horizontal, branches, found in many places in the United States. Sex. Syst. Monoec. polyand. Nat. Syst. Juglandaces. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1415. Griffith, Med. Bot. 589. The part used is the inner bark, especially of the root; this is fibrous, has little odor, but a bitter, somewhat acrid taste. It is, at first, white, but gradually changes to a dark brown. It is a mild cathartic, and is well suited to cases of costiveness and bowel affections. It is usually given in extract. 
Extract of Butternut. R. Butternut, in coarse powder, 
one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Mix the butternut with a pint of the water, macerate for twenty-four hours, introduce into a displacement apparatus, and exhaust. Heat the fluid to a boiling point, strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from five to ten grains, as a laxative; from twenty to thirty, as a purgative. 
JUNIPERUS. 
Juniper. 
The pommon Juniper, J. communis, is an erect, evergreen shrub, sometimes attaining a large size, found in Europe, and Northern Asia and America. The tops and the berries are 
officinal. 
Sex. Syst Dicec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pi. 
naceas. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1470. Griffith, Med. Bot 608. The berries are oblong globular, marked with three radiating furrows at top, and contain three seeds. They are of a purplish-black color have a sweetish, somewhat terebinthinate taste, and a peculiar, aromatic odor. They are used as stimulating diuretics, especially as adjuvants to more active remedies. The tops have a balsamic odor, and a resinous, bitterish taste, with the same medicinal properties as the berries, y 
Extract op Juniper. 
R. Bruised juniper berries, one pound. Distilled water, three pints. 
Macerate at 77° to 86° F. for twenty-four hours, strain with gentle pressure, add more water to the berries, and let stand tor twelve hours. Filter, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one to three drachms. Par. Cod. 
Infusion op Juniper. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. To be taken during the twenty-four hours. Radius. 
Compound Infusion of Juniper. (Cider Mixture.) 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, Mustard seed, Ginger, each, half an ounce. Horseradish, bruised, Parsley root, bruised, each, 
one ounce. 
Cider, two pints. Infuse, and strain. A wineglassful, two or three times a-day, in general dropsy. Parrish. R. Juniper berries, 
bruised, one ounce and a half. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse in a close vessel for two hours, strain, and add 
Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Mix. A teacupful, several times a-day, with forty drops of sweet spirit of nitre. In dropsy. EUis. R. Juniper berries, 
bruised, two ounces and a half. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours, and strain; add 
Compound spirit of juniper, ten fl. drachms. 
Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. Beasley. R. Juniper berries, bruised, four ounces. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Holland gin, 
four fl. ounces 


292 
JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA—KINO. 
Mix, and macerate for twelve hours; then throw on a cotton cloth, and express. Then let sufficient water be added to the dregs, and pressed out to make a pint. The advantages of this preparation are greater strength, and permanency. W. Procter, Jr. 
Electuary of Juniper. R. Extract of juniper, Clarified honey, each,. one pound. Juniper berries, Cinnamon, Orange peel, each, half an ounce. Mix. Stomachic and diuretic. Dose, one to four drachms. Saxon Ph. 
Mixture with Oil op Juniper. R. Oil of juniper, half a drachm. Nitric ether, Tincture of fox- 
glove, each, three drachms. Mix. Twenty to thirty drops, every three hours. Hvfeland. R. Oil of juniper, twenty-five drops. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as a diuretic. Ellis. 
Compound Spirit op Juniper. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, one pound. Caraway, bruised, Fennel, bruised, each, one ounce and a half. 
Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Water, two pints. 
Macerate in the alcohol, for twenty-four hours, add the water, and with a slow fire, distil one gallon. U. S. Ph., 1840. 
R. Oil of juniper, one fl. drachm. and a half. 
" caraway, " fennel, each, ten minims. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. 
Dissolve the oils in the alcohol. 
U. S. Ph., 185, 
Dose, two to four fl. drachms, as an additioj to diuretic mixtures, &c, in debilitated case* of dropsy. 
Liniment of Juniper. 
R. Oil of juniper, one ounce and a half. Oil of anise, six drops. Lard, two ounces. 
Mix well; as an application in tinea capitis. SuUy. 
R. Spirit of juniper, two ounces. Oil of cloves, Concrete oil of nutmeg, each, half a drachm. Mix. As a friction in ecchymosis, and indolent tumors. Augustin. 
JUNIPERUS VIRGINI ANA. 
Red Cedar. 
The tops of the red cedar are officinal. This is an evergreen tree, sometimes attaining a great size, with small, fleshy, closely imbricated leaves. It is found in all parts of the United States, but is most abundant and vigorous in the south. 
Sex. Syst. Dioec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinaceffi. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1471. Griffith, Med. Bot. 609. The leaves or tops have a peculiar and somewhat aromatic odor, a bitterish and somewhat acrid taste. They have much the same properties as those of savine, but are not as active, though often used as a substitute for them. 
Cerate op Red Cedar. R. Powdered red cedar 
leaves, one ounce. 
Resin cerate, six ounces. 
Mix the powder with the cerate previously softened. Used as a substitute for savine cerate, but is much less effectual. Wood. 
K 
KINO. 
Kino. 
This is an extract obtained from several different plants, but that most used and esteemed is the product of Pterocarpus marsupium, a large tree, indigenous to some parts of India. It is usually in small, angular fragments, of a 
dark, brownish-black color, opaque and shining; of a brittle and friable consistence, an astringent and slightly bitter taste; adhering to the teeth when chewed, and tinging the saliva of a red color. It is a powerful astringent, and much used in the treatment of mucous discharges, &c, and as a local application in gonorrhoea, to indolent ulcers, relaxed uvula, &c. The dose in powder is from ten to thirty grains. 


293 
KRAMERIA. 
Compound Powder of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino, fifteen drachms. " opium, one drachm. u cinnamon, four drachms. 
Rub well tog-ether. Dose, five to twenty grains. Lond. Ph. 
As an anodyne astringent, in diarrhoea and hemorrhage of the bowels. 
R. Powdered kino, Sugar of milk, each, one scruple. 
Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, in cardialgia. Radius. 
Compound Pills of Kino. R. Powdered kino, one sci 
Powdered kino, one scruple. " opium, two grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four pills. One, every four hours, in diarrhoea, pyrosis, &c. Ellis. 
R. Powdered kino, two scruples. " camphor, thirty grains. Aromatic powder, one scruple. Oxide of zinc, ten grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, morning and evening, in diabetes. Augustin. 
Electuary of Kino. R. Powdered kino, six ¦ " alum, " cinnamon, each, 
six drachms. 
two drachms. 
Syrup, sufficient. Mix into an electuary. One drachm, two or three times a-day, in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, &c. Swediaur. 
Infusion of Kino. 
R. Kino, two drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse, and strain when cool. Dose, a fl. ounce. Wood. 
Injection of Kino. 
R. Kino, one to two drachms. 
Alum, twenty to thirty grains. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse for an hour, and strain. As an injection in chronic urethritis. Swediaur. 
J-Iyrup op Kino. R. Kino, ¦ two ounces. Tepid water, three pints. 
Dissolve, and add 
Sugar, four pounds. Clarify, and evaporate to consistence of syrup. Taddei. 
Tincture of Kino. 
R. Powdered kino, 
three ounces and a half. 
Rectified spirit, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Lond. Ph 
R. Powdered kino, six drachms.'^ Diluted alcohol, ' suflicient. 
Mix the kino with an equal bulk of sand, and pour diluted alcohol on it, in a percolator, until eight fl. ounces of tincture are obtained. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, generally as an adjuvant to astringent mixtures. 
KRAMERIA. 
Rhatany. 
The roots of several species of Krameria are possessed of analogous properties, but the only one that is officinal, is that of K. triandra, a small shrub found in Peru, in dry, sandy places. The stem is procumbent, and much branched, with sessile, hairy leaves, and dark red flowers. The root is long and branching. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst. Polygalaceae. Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Per. i. 93. Griffith, Med. Bot. 227. 
The dried root is of a dark, reddish-brown color, with no odor, but a bitter and astringent taste. The small roots are the most powerful. It is somewhat tonic, and powerfully astringent. It is used for most purposes to which the vegetable astringents are applied. The dose in powder is from twenty to thirty grains. 
Compound Powder of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, 
Catechu, each, ten grains. Alum, four grains. Powdered liquorice, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken three or four times a-day, in diarrhoea, &c. Vogt. 
Dentifrice of Rhatany. R. Extract of rhatany, one to two drachms 
Myrrh, one drachm 
Powdered orris, six drachms. 
Oil of cinnamon, two drops. " myrrh, ten drops. Balsam of Peru, ten grains. 
Mix well. Phoebus. 
Extract op Rhatany. 
R. Prepared like extract of gentian, by percolation with cold water. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 


294 
LAC 
Pills op Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. Powdered kino, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, every hour or two, to check mucous discharges. EUis. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. " rhubarb, two scruples. Ginger, one scruple. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Reece. 
Electuary op Rhatany. R. Powdered rhatany, one 
one ounce. 
" ginger, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two or three hours. Ferrara Ph. 
Infusion of Rhatany. R. Bruised rhatany, on* 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for four hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 
COLLUTORY OF RHATANY. 
R. Extract of rhatany, half a drachm. Mucilage of quince seed, two drachms and a half. Sage water, one ounce and a half. Mix. As a mouth-wash in aphthae, &c. Radius. 
Clyster of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one scruple. Mucilage of quince seed, three drachms. Infusion of sage, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. To check diarrhoea, &c. Ammon. 
Injection of Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, half an ounce. Tincture of catechu, u kino, each, one drachm and a half. 
To be added to a decoction of 
ten drachms. 
Rhatany, 
Water, three pints, 
reduced to two-thirds, and strained. As an injection in Ieucorrhoea, and prolapsus of the uterus. Cadet. 
Cadet. 
Mixture op Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. Syrup of poppies, Rose water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in passive hemorrhage and chronic dysentery. Fouquier. 
R. Extract of rhatany, one drachm. Chamomile water, six fl. ounces. Elixir of vitriol, half a drachm. 
Mix. As the last. Hildehrand. 
Syrup op Rhatany. 
R. Extract of rhatany, two ounces. Water, one pint. Sugar, two pounds and a half. 
Dissolve the extract in the water and filter; add the sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. Dose, half a fl. ounce. 
Tincture of Rhatany. 
R. Powdered rhatany, six ounces Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
Compound Ointment op Rhatany. R. Burgundy pitch, eight parts. Venice turpentine, two parts. White wax, one part. Extract of rhatany, two parts. Alum, one part. Melt the first three ingredients over a gentle fire, and add the rhatany and alum, in fine powder, and incorporate well. 
Useful where an astringent application is indicated. 
I. 

LAC. 
Simple Whey. 
R. Milk, three pints. Prepared rennet, sufficient. 
Milk. 
The milk of several animals has been used medicinally, but that generally employed is from the cow. It is mostly employed in the form of «mey, and of sugar of milk. 
Cover up the mixture, and place before the fire, till a uniform curd is formed; divide this with a spoon, and strain. A good diluent in febrile 


295 
LAC 
affections; when boiled down to one-half, it is nutritive. A. T. Thomson. 
Vinegar Whey. 
R. Milk, one pint. 
Vinegar, half fl. ounce. 
Boil a few minutes, and separate the curd. Ellis. 
Tamarind Whey. 
R. Boiling milk, one pint. 
Tamarinds, two ounces. 
Boil till coagulation is effected, and strain. 
Plenck. 
Cream of Tartar Whey. 
R. Boiling milk, one quart. Cream of Tartar, half an ounce. 
Boil until the curd separates, and strain. Plenck. 
Alum Whey. 
R. Clear whey, one pint. Alum, two drachms. 
Dissolve. A glassful occasionally, in passive hemorrhages. Foy. 
Aromatic Alum Whey. R. Powdered alum, one d 
one drachm. 
Sugar of milk, half a drachm. 
Powdered cinnamon, fifteen grains. Milk, two pints. 
Boil, and strain when coagulated. In passive uterine hemorrhages. To be taken during the day. Niemann. 
Mustard Whey. 
R. Bruised mustard seed, half an ounce. Milk, one pint. 
Boil till the milk is coagulated, and strain. A cupful, as a diuretic, in dropsical affections. A. T. Thomson. 
Wine Whey. 
R. Boiling milk, half a piut. White wine, one to two fl. ounces. Sugar, suflicient. Boil for ten minutes, constantly stirring, then strain. A good mode of giving wine as a stimulant. Dose must depend on circumstances. EUis. 
Powder op Milk 
two pints. 
R. Milk, Powdered carbonate of 
half a drachm, one fl. ounce. 
soda, Water, 
one pouud. 
Sugar, 
Dissolve the soda in the water, add the solution to the milk, gently heat, and stir. When evaporated to one-third, add the sugar gradually, and stir. Remove from fire, pour into plates, and dry in an oven. When dry, powder, and keep in well-stopped bottles. One to two ounces, mixed with a quart of water, forms an agreeable drink, and is a good substitute for milk. Legrip. 
Artificial Goats' Milk R. Fresh suet, one 
one ounce. 
Cut in small pieces, and tie in a muslin bag. and boil in 
Milk, two pints. Sugar candy, two drachms. 
A good diet in scrofulous emaciation, and in latter stages pf phthisis. A. T. Thomson. 
Mixture of Milk and Suet. R. Sheeps' suet, two oun 
two ounces. 
Milk, one pint. Starch, . half an ounce. 
Boil slowly for half an hour. As a drink, in dysentery and cholera infantum. Ellis. 
Milk and Soda-Water. 
R. Milk, a teacupful. Heat nearly to boiling, and add 
Sugar, a teaspoonful. Put in a large tumbler, and add 
Soda-water, sufficient. A good mode of taking milk when there is much acidity of stomach. A. T. Thomson. 
Sugar of Milk. 
R. Whey, at will. Clarify with white of egg, and evaporate on water-bath, to crystallization, and set aside in a cool place. Redwood. 
Cooling and laxative, in doses of two drachms to one ounce. 
Syrup of Milk. 
R. Skimmed milk, twelve pounds. Evaporate to one-half, and add 
Sugar, nine pounds. Cherry-laurel water, three ounces. Guibourt. 
Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Iceland Moss. 
R. Iceland moss, four drachms. Water, one pint and a half. 
Reduce to one-half by boiling, strain, and add 
two drachma. 
Sugar of milk, 


296 
LACCA — LAOTTJCA 
Milk, one pint. Syrup of asparagus, three ounces. 
A cupful, occasionally, in chronic catarrh. Cadet. 
Mixture of Sugar of Milk and Gum Arabic. 
R. Sugar of milk, Sugar, each, two pounds. Gum Arabic, three pounds. Extract of dog-grass, seven ounces. 
Mix. Half an ounce dissolved in a quart of water, forms a refreshing and demulcent drink. Cadet. 
Sugar of Milk Draught. R. Sugar of milk, half an c 
half an ounce. 
Boiling water, two pounds. Lemon juice, sufficient. 
Mix. Recommended in cholera, to appease the thirst. Ammon. 
China Cement 
R. Curd of milk, dried and 
powdered, ten ounces. Quicklime, powdered, one ounce. Camphor, two drachms. 
Mix, and keep in closely-stopped bottles. When used, a portion is to be mixed with a little water into a paste, to be applied quickly. Used to cement broken glass, china, &c. Cooley. 
LACCA. 
Lac 
Is a resinous substance obtained from several kinds of East Indian plants, but particularly from the Croton lacciferum. Many varieties are known in commerce, but the principal are seed, shell, and stick lac, of which the purest is the shell. This is in thin fragments of various shades of yellow, or reddish color j brittle, inodorous, and insipid. It is somewhat astringent, and was formerly used in medicine, but is now mainly employed in the arts, for the manufacture of varnishes, sealing wax, &c. 
White or Bleached Lac. 
R. Shell lac, at will. Boil in solution of potassa, pass chlorine gas through the solution, and malaxate in hot water. Redwood. 
Aqueous Solution of Lac. 
R. Shell lac, five ounces. Borax, one ounce. 
one pint. 
Water, 
Boil together, and strain. Used as a varnish, or a vehicle for colors. Mixed with lampblack, it forms an ink that will resist the action of acids. Cooley. 
Cement of Shell Lac 
R. Shell lae, at will. 
Alcohol, sufficient 
to make a solution of the consistence of molas ses. Exceedingly tenacious. Cooley 
Cooley. 
Red Sealing Wax. 
R. Shell lac, two pounds. Venice turpentine, one pound. Vermilion, or best dichromate of lead, one pound and a half. 
Melt the lac and turpentine together, and stir in the vermilion. Gray. The other colored waxes are made in the same manner, using the appropriate pigment. 
LACTUCA ELONGATA. 
Wild Lettuce. 
The Wild Lettuce is an indigenous, herbaceous perennial, from three to six feet high, with pale yellow flowers, growing in woods and fertile soils. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. requal. Nat. Syst. Asteracea3. 
Willd. Sp. PI. iii. 1525. Big. Seq. 241. Considered to resemble the Lactuca virosa in 
medical properties. An extract made from it may be given in doses of five to fifteen grains. 
LACTUCA. 
Lettuce. 
This well known plant is commonly cultivated for the table as a salad. It is erect and leafy, the leaves being ovate, semi-amplexicaul, and entire or toothed. The whole abounding in a bitter, milky juice. It is anodyne and sedative, but is seldom used in this country except in the form of the extract, or lactucarium; but is employed to fulfil many indications in Europe. 
Mixture of Lettuce and Dandelion. R. Fresh leaves of lettuce, 
" root of dandelion, " " chicory, each, three ounces 
Beat the whole into a pulp, adding, gradually, Peppermint water, three fl. ounces. 
Express, and filter. To be taken, during the day, in hypochondriasis, with insomnia. 
Vogt. 


LACTUCA. 
297 
4 
Extract op Lettuce. (Thridace.) 
R. Juice of the stalks of lettuce, at will. Evaporate in the stove by a gentle heat, on plates. Par. Cod. 
Syrup of Thridace. 
two drachms, two fl. ounces. 
R. Thridace, Water, 
Add to the solution 
one pound. Par. Cod. 
Boiling syrup, 
Evaporate, and strain. 
Lactucarium. 
R. Collect the milky juice that flows from incisions made in the stalks of lettuce, and allow it to harden. 
Dose, five to eight grains. 
Pills op Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. Make six pills; one every two hours, till sleep is procured. EUis. 
R. Lactucarium, twelve grains. Conserve of elder berries, Extract of liquorice, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four pills. One, every three hours, in obstinate coughs, without expectoration. Brera, 
Mixture of Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium, thirty grains. Decoction of Iceland moss, 
two ounces. 
Mucilage, half an ounce. Syrup, one ounce. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, in spasmodic cough, insomnia, hysteria, &c. Brera. 
Syrup op Lactucarium. 
R. Lactucarium, seventeen grains. Distilled water, three hundred grains. Simple syrup, half a pint. 
Extract the lactucarium, with the water at the boiling temperature, add the solution to the syrup, and evaporate it to half a pint. Monchon. R. Powdered lactucarium, 
sixty-four grains. Carbonate of potassa, thirty-two grains. Sugar, four ounces. Water, sufficient. 
Grind the lactucarium with the carbonate of potash, till well mixed ; add enough water to 
moisten completely; stand aside for twelve hours, and then slowly obtain two fl. ounces by percolation; add the sugar, and dissolve with a gentle heat. Each fl. drachm contains two grains of lactucarium. T. S. Wiegand. 
Tincture of Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium, four ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Act by displacement or digestion. Ed. Ph. Dose, thirty minims to two fl. drachms. 
Lozenges of Lactucarium. 
R. Powdered lactucarium, two drachms. " sugar, six ounces. " gum Arabic, " liquorice, each, five ounces. Tincture of tolu, half an ounce. Mix, and make lozenges of ten grains. Ed. Ph. 
As expectorant, in catarrhal affections. 
Watery Extract of Lettuce. R. Fresh lettuce leaves, one pound. Bruise them in a stone mortar, adding a little water, express the juice, and evaporate, without straining, to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, five to fifteen grains. 
R. Stalks and leaves of lettuce, when old and yellow, at will; macerate in water for twenty-four hours, boil for two hours, drain through a sieve, and evaporate in shallow vessels by exposure. 
Dose, three to lour grains. Probait. 
Powder of Extract of Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce, two grains. Powdered foxglove, half a grain. " sugar, ' twelve grains. Mix. To be taken every tw» hours, in hydrothorax. Hufeland. 
Mixture of Extract of Lettuce. R. Extract of lettuce, two scruples. Tincture of foxglove, half an ounce. Cinnamon 
water, one drachm and a halt 
Mix. Thirty drops to one fl. drachm, every two hours. Radius. 
Aromatic Tincture op Lettuce. R. Leaves of lettuce, one ounc 
one ounce 
Cinnamon, one drachm Alcohol, Water, each, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Fifteen to thirty drops, in dropsy. Niemann, 


298 
LAURUS — LAURO-CERASUS. 
Water op Lettuce. R. Fresh lettuce, 1 
ten parts. 
Water, twenty parts. 
Distil off ten parts. Par. Cod. 
Dose, half a fl. ounce to two fl. ounces. 
Syrup op Lettuce. R. Water of lettuce, 
one pint, two pounds. 
Sugar, 
Par. Cod. 
Make syrup. 
Mixture op Water op Lettuce. 
R. Water of lettuce, " linden, each, two fl. ounces. " orange flowers, two fl. drachms. 
Syrup of poppies, one fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful every two hours. Foy. 
LAURUS. 
Laurel. Bay Tree. 
The berries (Lauri baccce) and leaves (Lauri folia) of the Laurus nobilis, or bay tree, are used in medicine. This laurel is a small, evergreen tree, indigenous to the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 
Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lauraceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 529. Griffith, Med. Bot. 550. The leaves are fragrant, and have an aromatic, bitterish taste. The berries are small, oval, of 
a deep blue, when fresh, of a brownish-black, when dried, aromatic, and with an acrid, bitterish taste; they contain a concrete, greenish oil. Neither the leaves nor berries, nor their products, are now much used in medicine; they are stimulant and narcotic. 
Oil op Laurel. 
R. Fresh laurel berries, at will. Crush, warm the pulp for a few moments by a gentle heat, and subject to pressure. Guibourt. Used as a friction, in swelling and pain in the joints, colic, &c. 
Laurel Ointment. 
eight ounces 
R. Suet, 
Melt, and add Laurel oil, Essence of turpentine, on( 
one pound. 
one ounce and a half. 
Port. Ph 
There are a variety of formulas for this ointment, which is much used under the name of Nervine ointment, or balsam. 
R. Fresh laurel leaves, " berries, each, one pound. Lard, two pounds. Digest the bruised leaves and berries with the lard, till all moisture is driven off, and express. Par. Cod. 
Both these are used as stimulating frictions. 
LAURO-CERASUS. 
Cherry-Laurel. 
This is the officinal appellation of the leaves of the Prunus lauro-cerasus, a small evergreen tree, a native of Asia Minor, but cultivated in the temperate parts of Europe, both for ornament, and for medicinal purposes. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Drupacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 678. Griffith, Med. Bot. 289. The leaves are ovate-oblong, smooth, and shining, with scarcely any smell when entire, but, when bruised, giving out a strong bitteralmond odor; they have an astringent, bitter taste, with a flavor like the peach kernel. They become scentless by desiccation. They possess properties analogous to those of hydrocyanic acid, and some of the preparations from them are used for similar purposes. From the plant not being cultivated in this country, these preparations are not in use. 
Cherry-Laurel Water. R. Fresh leaves of cherrylaurel, one pound. Water, two pints and a half. Compound spirit of lavender, one ounce. Chop the leaves, mix them with the water, and distil off one pint (Imp.); agitate this well; if any milkiness remain, filter, then add the spirit of lavender. Ed. Ph. 
A sedative narcotic, similar to diluted hydrocyanic acid, but of uncertain strength. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. 
R. Essential oil of cherrylaurel, half a drachm. Diluted hydrocyanic acid, six drachms. 
Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub together, and filter. Hcenle. 
Infusion of Cherry-Laurel. R. Fresh leaves of cherry- 
laurel, four ounces. 
Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse, strain, and add 
Clarified honey, four ounces. 
Used as a lotion in cancer of the lips, and in malignant ulcers. Cadet. 


299 
LAVANDULA 
Ointment of Cherry-Laurel. R. Essential oil of cherry- 
laurel, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As an application to alleviate pain of cancers. Soubeiran. 
Cherry-Laurel Water Lotion. R. Distilled cherry-laurel 
water, four ounces. Sulphuric ether, oue ounce. 
Extract of belladonna, two drachms. Mix. Said to be very beneficial as a lotion in cases of neuralgia. Roux. 
Mixture of Cherry-Laurel Water. R. Cherry-laurel water, sixty drops. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. Infusion of quassia, four fl. ounces. Mix. In dysentery, &c., in doses of a tablespoonful, three times a-day. Augustin. 
Cerate of Cherry-Laurel. 
R. Cherry-laurel water, twelve parts. Oil of almonds, sixteen parts. White wax, four parts. 
Melt the oil and wax together, and mix the cherry-laurel water, stirring well. As an application to burns. Roux. 
LAVANDULA. 
Lavender. 
Several species of Lavandula are used in medicine, but the only one recognized by the U. S. Ph. is the Lavandula vera. This is a small shrub, a native of the south of Europe, and commonly cultivated in our gardens; it has opposite, sessile, narrow leaves, and spikes of small, blue flowers. 
.Sea:. Syst. Didyn. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiacea?. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 501. The part used is the flowers; these have a strong, fragrant odor, and an aromatic, warm, bitterish taste. Lavender is an aromatic stimulant, and much used in nervous debility, but is mostly employed as a perfume. , 
Compound Powder op Lavender. R. Lavender, 
Benzoin, Cloves, Sal ammoniac, each, one ounce. Petals of red roses, four ounces. Pomegranate flowers, Chamomile flowers, each, two ounces. 
Pot marigold flowers, two ounces. Peppermint flowers, six drachms. Myrrh, four drachms. Cologne water, two drachms. Solution of ammonia, eighteen drops. Oil of cinnamon, six drops. 
Mix well. To perfume rooms and drawers. Guibourt. 
Spirit op Lavender. R. Fresh lavender, two pounds. Alcohol, one gallon. Water, two pints. Mix, and distil a gallon by a slow fire. U. S. Ph. 
Lavender-Water. 
R. Oil of lavender, 
one fl. ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, fifteen fl. ounces. Mix. Gray. 
Gray 
R. Alcohol, five gallons. Oil of lavender, twenty ounces. " bergamot, five ounces. 
Essence of ambergris, half an ounce. 
Mix. Brande 
R. Oil of lavender, four fl. ounces. Essence of musk, two fl. ounces. Oil of bergamot, ten fl. drachms and a half. 
Oil of cloves, five drachms. " roses, one drachm. M origanum, half a drachm. " rosemary, half a drachm. Alcohol, ten pints. Water, two pints. 
Mix. Gray. These are used for perfumes. 
R. Flowering tops of lavender, 
two pounds. Water, suflicient. 
Distil four pounds by steam. Par. Codex. 
Compound Spirit of Lavender. 
R. Spirit of lavender, three pints Spirit of rosemary, one pint. Bruised cinnamon, one ounce. 
u cloves, two drachms. " nutmeg, half an ounce. Rasped red saunders, three drachms. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U.S. Ph 
As a stimulant and carminative, in doses of thirty drops to a fl. drachm. 


300 
LIMON 
Ointment of Lavender. R. Oil of lavender, 
" nutmeg, Butter of cocoa, 
equal parts. 
Mix. To increase the growth of hair. 
Ethereal Tincture of Lavender. R. Oil of lavender, one part. Sulphuric ether, seven parts. 
Mix. Dose, five to ten drops. Beral. 
Compound Essence of Lavender. R. Oil of lavender, forty-eight drops. " cloves, thirty-two drops. " orange peel, sixteen drops. " bergamot, eight drops. Sweet spirit of nitre, eight drops. Oil of yellow sandal wood, " neroli, " roses, each, two drops. M cinnamon, one drop. Diluted alcohol, one ounce. Dissolve, and add 
Honey water, eight ounces. Essence of ambergris and musk, one ounce. 
Mix. As a perfume. Redwood. 
LIMON. 
Lemon. 
The Lemon is the fruit of the Citrus lirnonum., a native of Asia, but now generally cultivated in all warm climates. 
Sex. Syst. Polydelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. Aurantiaceas. 
Risso, Ann. Mus. xx. 201. Griffith, Med. Bot. 168. 
The parts used in medicine are, the juice and the outer rind; the latter has a fragrant odor, and an aromatic, bitter taste ; the juice, as is well known, is very acid, with a peculiar, grateful and refreshing taste. 
Essence of Lemon. 
R. Pure oil of lemon, one fl. ounce. Deodorized alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Exterior rind of 
lemon (fresh), half an ounce. Mix. Macerate for forty-eight hours, and filter ; used for flavoring mixtures, and for pastry. W. Procter. 
R. Thin outer rinds of lemons, at will. Alcohol, sufficient. 
Put the rinds in a bottle, add sufficient alcohol to cover, and macerate two days. Filter. 
For pastry the flavor of this preparation is more delicate, than if made from the oil usually found in the shops. Francis. 
Lozenges of Oil of Lemon. R. Oil of lemon, one drat 
one drachm. 
Sugar, twelve ounces. 
Lemon water, sufficient. 
Boil one-third of the sugar, with the lemon water, to the consistence of honey, by a gentle heat, add the rest of the sugar and the oil, and form lozenges. Cottereau. 
Lozenges of Lemon Juice. 
R. Lemon-juice, two ounces and a half. Sugar, sixteen ounces. Essence of lemon, one scruple. 
Mix, and form lozenges. Radius. 
COLLUTORY OF LEMON JUICE. R. Lemon juice, 
Sugar, each, one part. Claret wine, sixteen parts. 
As a mouth-wash in scurvy. Brera. 
Lemonade 
R. Lemon juice, four ounces. 
Fresh lemon peel, half an ounce. Sugar, four ounces. 
Boiling water, three pints. 
Mix, and let cool. Ellis. 
R. Lemons, three. 
Boiling water, two pints. Sugar, two ounces. 
Cut the lemons in slices, pour the water on them, and add the sugar at the end of an hour, and strain. Ratier. 
Compound Lemonade. 
R. Lemons, two. Peel them, remove the seeds, and beat them with 
Toasted bread, two ounces. Adding, gradually, 
Infusion of malt, one pint and a half. Strain, and add 
Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. Wine, six ounces. 
Cadet. 
Lemon-Peel Water. 
R. Pare the rind of one lemon, previously rubbed with half an ounce of loaf sugar; put both into a jar, and add a quart of boiling water; when cold, decant, and add one tablespoonful of lemon juice A. T. Thomson. 


301 
LIMON 
Lemon Syrup. 
R. Strained lemon juice, one pint. Sugar, two pounds. 
Mix, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. R. Oil of lemon, half a fl. drachm. Citric acid, one ounce. 
Simple syrup, one gallon. Rub the oil with some powdered sugar, then, with a portion of the syrup, dissolve the citric acid in two ounces of water, and mix the whole. A. Smith. 
Syrup of Lemon Peel. 
R. Fresh lemon peel, three ounces. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for three days, and add 
Syrup, three pounds. Guibourt. 
R. Fresh lemon peel, three ounces. Boiling water, one pint and a half. 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and add Sugar, two pounds, 
and make syrup. Francis. 
Vinous Syrup of Lemon Peel. R. Fresh lemon peel, half a pound. Wine, a pint and a half. Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and add 
Syrup, one pound and a half. Boil, strain, and add 
Oil of lemon, rubbed with sugar, fifteen drops. Sard. Ph. 
Tincture of Lemon. 
R. Fresh lemon peel, three ounces and a half. 
Proof spirit, two pints. Macerate for seven days, express, and filter. Dub. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. drachm. 
Spirit of Lemon 
R. Fresh lemon peel, 
Fresh lemon peel, one part. Alcohol, four parts. Water, two parts. 
Macerate for two days, and then distil four parts. Taddei. 
Odoriferous Spirit of Lemon. R. Oil of lemon, 
" bergamot, " lavender, each, one part. Acetic ether, four parts. 
Mix. Used as a perfume. Sax Ph. 
Cologne Water. R. Oil of bergamot, " lemon, " cedrat, each, three ounces. " rosemary, u neroli, " lavender, each, one ounce and a half. 
" cinnamon, six drachms. Alcohol, twenty-four pounds. Eau de melisse, three pounds. Spirit of rosemary, two pounds. 
Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, add the other articles, and, after eight days, distil four-fifths. Codex. 
R. Balm, two pounds. Rosemary, eight ounces. Lemon peel, six ounces. Nutmeg, Cloves, Cinnamon, Coriander, each, two ounces Oil of bergamot, one ounce. 
Alcohol, six pounds. Water, oight pounds. 
Mix, and distil by a gentle fire. Niemann. R. Oil of neroli, 
" lemon, " bergamot, " orange, " rosemary, each, twelve drops. Cardamom, one drachm. Alcohol, one pint. 
Mix, and distil two-thirds. Said by TrornsdorfF to be the formula used at Cologne. Niemann. 
R. Oil of bergamot, " lemon, " cedrat, 
" neroli, each, four drachms. " cinnamon, u rosemary, each, one drachm. Alcohol, three pounds. Spirit of rosemary, three ounces. 
Digest for a few days, and distil almost to dry. ness; add to the product 
Balm water, nine ounces. Spirit of jasmine, " orris, each, four drachms. Giordano. 
R. Oil of bergamot, three ounces. " lemon, two ounces. " lavender, three drachms and a half. 
" neroli, two drachms and a half. " origanum, ' two drachms. " rosemary, one drachm. 


302 
LINUM 
Essence of vanilla, two drachms. Musk, ten grains. Alcohol, thirteen pints. Rose water, two pints. Orange-flower water, one pint. 
Mix, and after fourteen days, filter. Gray. R. Essence of bergamot, two ounces. 
" rosemary, " mint, each, one drachm. " lemon, two drachms. " neroli, ten grains. Balm water, two ounces and a half. 
Mix. Ferrara Ph. 
R. Oil of bergamot, u lemon, each, one drachm. " neroli, half a drachm. " cedrat, twenty drops. Honey water, one ounce. 
Alcohol, one pint. Mix. Gray. R. Oil of neroli, 
" orange, " lemon, " marjoram, " rosemary, each, one drachm and a half. 
" cinnamon, four drops. Civet, three grains. Ambergris, two grains. Alcohol, four pounds and a half. 
Macerate for a month, and filter. Swediaur. R. Oil of bergamot, three drachms. " lemon, two drachms. " lavender, twenty-five drops. " neroli, fifteen drops. " origanum, ten drops. Alcohol, two pints. Mix. Gray. 
Unparalleled Water. R. Oil of lemon, half ai 
half an ounce. 
" bergamot, two drachms and a half. 
" cedrat, two drachms. 
Alcohol, seventy-two ounces. Hungary water, eight ounces. 
Mix. Guibourt. 
LINUM. 
Flaxseed. 
Flaxseed is the product of Linum usitatissi. mum, or common flax, now cultivated in most parts of the world, but whose native country is 
unknown. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentag. Nat. Sysl. Lina- 
cete. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 397. Griffith, Med. Bot. 206. Both the seeds, and the oil extracted from 
them are officinal. The first are small, oval, shining, and of a brown color. They are devoid of smell, and have a mucilaginous taste when unbroken, but an oily one when chewed. When steeped in water, they afford a viscid, inodorous and almost tasteless mucilage. The oil, which is obtained by expression, is laxative and emollient, but is principally used in the arts. 
Compound Meal of Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed meal, ") Barley meal, > Rye meal, J Mix. To make cataplasm. 
equal parts. 
Cottereau. 
Emollient Cataplasm. R. Compound meal of flaxseed, 
four ounces. 
Water, 
sufficient. 
Boil to proper consistence. 
Par. Cod. 
Cataplasm op Flaxseed. 
R. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. 
Flaxseed meal, suflicient. 
Mix, and make cataplasm. Lond. Ph. 
Cataplasm of Flaxseed Meal and Bran. 
R. Flaxseed meal, Bran, equal parts. Boiling water, sufficient. 
Pour the water on the bran and meal, and stir constantly until the poultice has a pulpy consistence. EUis. 
Infusion of Flaxseed. 
R. Flaxseed, half an ounce. Liquorice root, bruised, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel,and strain. V. S. Ph. A pleasant demulcent drink, in inflammatory affections of the lungs, bladder, &c. 
Flaxseed Mixture. 
R. Flaxseed, one drachm. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 
Infuse, strain, and add 
Syrup of poppies, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, two fl. drachms. 
St. Maris. 
Mix. 


303 
LIRIODENDRON —LOBELIA. 
Clyster of Flaxseed Oil. R. Flaxseed oil, two or 
two ounces. 
" infusion, eight ounces. 
Mix. Swediaur- 
Flaxseed Oil Liniment. 
R. Flaxseed oil, twelve fl. ounces. Lime water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to burns and scalds. Ainslie. 
R. Flaxseed oil, Lime water, equal measures. 
Mix. 
This is generally called Carron oil, and is much used for burns and scalds. Ed. Ph. 
LIRIODENDRON 
Tulip Tree Bark. 
The tulip tree, or Liriodendron tulipifera, is one of the most magnificent of our native trees. It is found in most parts of the United States, and is popularly known as the poplar. Sex. Syst. Polyand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Mag. noliaccre. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 755. Griffith, Med. Bot. 98. The officinal portion is the bark; this, when deprived of its epidermis, is of a yellowish-white color, having a faint odor, but a bitter, pungent, aromatic taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and has been used as a febrifuge, as well as in dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism, &c. The dose in powder is from half a drachm to two drachms. 
Infusion of Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark, one oui 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, as a stimulating tonic and diaphoretic. Wood. 
Tincture of Tulip Tree Bark. R. Tulip tree bark, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, about a fl. drachm. Beasley. 
LOBELIA. 
Lobelia—Indian Tobacco. 
Several species of Lobelia are medicinal, but the only one recognized as officinal, is the L. infiata, a small annual plant, found in most parts of the United States, having numerous small blue flowers, on leafy racemes. The leaves are ovate, sessile, serrate, and hairy. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lobeliaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1006. Griffith, Me J. Bot. 418. The whole herb is officinal, but the root and seed vessels are the most active. When dried, it has a somewhat unpleasant odor, and an acrid, burning, nauseous taste, resembling that of tobacco. It is emetic, and, in small doses, expectorant and sudorific. It also possesses narcotic properties. It is principally used in asthma; it has also been used in other diseases of the respiratory organs, &c. Dose in substance, as an emetic, from five to twenty grains, as an expectorant, one to three grains. 
Infusion of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse. A fl. ounce every half hour, till vomiting ensues. Ellis. 
Tincture of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, as emetic, half fl. ounce; as antispasmodic in asthma, one to two fl. drachms, every two or three hours; and as an expectorant, ten to forty drops. 
Ethereal Tincture op Lobelia. R. Lobelia, in coarse powder, five ounces Spirit of sulphuric ether, two pints. Form tincture by displacement. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, the same as alcoholic tincture. 
R. Lobelia, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Spirit of nitric ether, four pints. " sulphuric ether, four ounces. Macerate for fourteen days in a dark place, and filter Dose, five to twenty minims. Whitelaw. 
Mixture of Lobelia. 
R. Tincture of lobelia, one drachm. Decoction of mallow, six ounces. 
A spoonful, every two or three hours, as an expectorant. Radius 
Acetic Extract of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia seed, bruised, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Acetic acid, one fl. ounce. 
Macerate the seed in the diluted alcohol, to which the acid has been added, for forty-eight hours; then displace until four pints of tincture are obtained, using diluted alcohol to expel the last portion, and then evaporate to the coo. sistence of an extract. W. Procter. 


304 
LUPULINA, 
Fluid Extract of Lobelia. 
R. Bruised lobelia tops, eight ounces. Acetic acid, one fl. ounce. Diluted alcohol, three pints. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Macerate the lobelia in a pint and a half of the diluted alcohol, mixed with the acid, for twentyfour hours; introduce into a percolator, and obtain three pints of tincture; evaporate this in a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, strain, add the alcohol, and filter. A fl. drachm is equal to half a fl. ounce of the tincture. W. Procter. 
Vinegar of Lobelia. 
R. Lobelia leaves, in powder, 
four ounces. 
Diluted acetic acid, 
one and a half pints. Macerate for twelve hours, and displace until twenty-four fluid ounces are obtained — using diluted acetic acid to expel the last portion. W. Procter. 
Syrup of Lobelia. 
R. Vinegar of lobelia, six fl. ounces. Sugar, twelve ounces (av.). Dissolve the sugar in the vinegar, by aid of heat, remove the scum which rises, and strain. W. Procter. 
Another Form. 
R. Fluid extract of lobelia, two fl. ounces. Simple syrup, ten fl. ounces. 
Mix. W. Procter. 
LUPULINA. 
Lupulin 
Is the powder attached to the strobiles of Humulus lupulus, and has all the properties of hops. It is a yellowish powder, mixed with portions of the scales of the hop strobiles. It is tonic, and somewhat narcotic. It is obtained by rubbing, or threshing and sifting the strobiles, or by washing these several times in different portions of water, mixing the washings, and letting the lupulin deposit, when it is to be dried. The dose is from six to ten grains. 
Powder of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, one part. Sugar, two parts. Mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Foy. 
Pills of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, at will. 
Rub into mass in a warm mortar, and divide into two-grain pills. Magendie. 
R. Lupulin, two drachms. 
Gum tragacanth, Water, each, sufficient. 
Make mass, and divide into pills of two grains. 
Extract of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, four ounces. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix in a percolator, and allow to stand lor an hour. Displace until two pints of filtered liquor are obtained ; then set aside in a shallow dish for spontaneous evaporation. One drachm of lupulin yields two scruples of extract. 
Livermere. 
Tincture of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, Alcohol, 
four ounces, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. 
U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in sweetened 
water. 
Syrup op Lupulin. 
R. Tincture of lupulin, 
Tincture of lupulin, one part. Syrup, seven parts. 
Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Foy. 
Emulsion with Lupulin. 
R. Tincture of lupulin, four scruples. Syrup of red poppies, " of orange flowers, each, one ounce. 
Emulsion of almonds, four ounces. Water, ten ounces. 
Mix. Beral 
Ointment of Lupulin. 
R. Lupulin, one part. Lard, three parts. 
Digest, on a water-bath, for five or six hours and strain. To appease the pain of cancerous ulcers. Soubeiran. 


305 
MAC IS —MAGNESIA. 
M. 
MACIS 
Mace. 
A laciniatcd and reticulated, smooth, thin, flexible membrane, of a saffron-yellow color, which is the arillus investing' the shell of the nutmeg, which, in taste and odor, it much resembles. It is an active, aromatic stimulant, but is more used for culinary purposes than in medicine. The dose is from ten grains to a scruple. 
Tincture of Mace 
R. Mace, one part. Alcohol (.851), eight parts. 
Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Beral. 
Dose, from thirty to forty drops, as a carminative and stomachic. 
Oil of Mace. 
This is prepared by beating nutmegs to a paste, which is to be enclosed in a bag and then exposed to the vapor of water, and afterwards expressing the oil with heated plates. It is a fat oil mixed with a volatile oil, of a firm consistence and fragrant odor. Redwood. 
Carminative Drops. 
R. Oil of mace, half a drachm. Nitric ether, a drachm and a half. Mix. In flatulent colic, ten or twelve drops on sugar. Radius. 
Nervine Balsam. R. Oil of mace, fc 
four ounces. 
Beef marrow, four ounces. 
Melt together, and add Oil of rosemary, two drachms. 
" cloves, one drachm. 
Camphor, one drachm. 
Balsam of tolu, two drachms. 
Dissolved in 
Rectified spirit, four drachms. 
As a liniment in rheumatism, &c. Redwood. 
MAGNESIUM. 
This metal is not used, but many of its compounds are largely employed. 
MAGNESIA. 
Magnesia. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, any quantity. Put in an earthen vessel, and expose it to a red heat for two hours, or till the carbonic acid is 
wholly expelled. 20 
U. S. Ph. 
Heavy Magnesia. 
R. Mix solutions of one hundred and twenty-three parts of crystallized sulphate of magnesia, and one hundred and forty-four parts of crystallized carbonate of soda; evaporate to dryness, and calcine till the carbonic acid is expelled. Dissolve out the sulphate of soda, wash, and dry. It. Phillips. 
Powder of Magnesia and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Magnesia, ten grains. Oil of cinnamon, one drop. 
Mix. As a purgative, to bo given in sugar and water. Ellis. 
Powder of Magnesia and Sulphur. R. Precipitated sulphur, 
Magnesia, each, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, as an aperient. Ellis. 
Powder of Magnesia and Orange Peel. 
R. Magnesia, I four drachms. Powdered orange peel, " fennel-seed, each, one drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. Ten or twelve grains, three times a-day. as a stimulant to the digestive organs. Foy. 
Troches of Magnesia 
R. Magnesia, four ounces. Sugar, one pound. Grated nutmeg, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. 
Rub the first three ingredients together until thoroughly mixed, then form a mass with the mucilage, and divide into troches weighing ten grains. U. S. Ph. 
Magnesia Mixture. 
R. Magnesia, one drachm. Water of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Spirit of cinnamon, three fl. drachms Water, five and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. Recommended by Dr. James, in the car dialgia of pregnant women. Two or three tea spoonfuls, to be taken as occasion may require. 
Sims 


306 
MAGNESIA ACETAS — M AGNES I/E CARBONAS. 
R. Magnesia, thirty grains. Syrup of ginger, two drachms. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces and a half. Compound spirit of lavender, half fl. drachm. 
Spirit of caraway, half fl. ounce. Mix. A spoonful, every hour, as an antacid. Foy. 
Magnesia and Gentian. 
R. Magnesia, one drachm. Infusion of gentian, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A wineglassful, three times a-day, in cases of uric acid diathesis. Brande. 
Magnesia and Rhubarb Mixture. 
R. Magnesia, half a drachm. Powdered rhubarb, two grains. u one drachm. Essence of peppermint, six drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. In bowel complaints of children. A teaspoonful, every two hours, till it operates. EUU. 
MAGNESIA ACETAS. 
Acetate op Magnesia. R. Carbonate of magnesia, one hundred and twenty parts. Acetic acid, sufficient to saturate. Evaporate till the mixture weighs three hundred parts. It forms a syrupy fluid. One ounce of this solution mixed with three ounces of syrup of oranges, constitutes the weaker solution, and one ounce and a half to three ounces of syruo, forms the stronger solution. Renault. 
MAGNESIA CARBONAS. Carbonate of Magnesia. 
Solution of Magnesia. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, seven drachms. Bi-carbonate of soda, nine drachms. Water, twenty fl. ounces. Carbonic acid gas, six volumes. 
Dissolve the salts in the water, and pass the gas through the mixture. The result will be bi-caroonate of magnesia in solution. Phoebus. 
Dinneford's Fluid Magnesia. R. Howard's magnesia, 
seventeen and one-half grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Introduce into a cylindrical tinned vessel a mix. ture in these proportions, and force into it car. bonic acid for five hours and a half, during the whole of which time the cylinder is kept revolving. Pereira. 
Dewees's Carminative. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, half a drachm. Tincture of assafetida, forty drops. " opium, twenty drops. Sugar, one drachm. Distilled water, one fi. ounce. Mix. In flatulent colic, diarrhoea, &c, of children. Dose, twenty drops and upwards, according to age. Dewees. 
Dalby's Carminative. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, two scruples. Oil of peppermint, one drop. " nutmeg, two drops. " aniseed, three drops. Tincture of castor, thirty drops. n assafetida, fifteen drops. Spirit of pennyroyal, fifteen drops. Compound tincture of cardamom, thirty drops. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Paris. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, half an ounce. " magnesia, twelve ounces. Laudanum, six fl. ounces. 
Oil of peppermint, " caraway, " fennel, each, two fl. scruples. Sugar, thirty-two ounces. Water, ten pints. 
Triturate the oils with the sugar and magnesia, then add the remainder. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
Carbonate of Magnesia Mixture. R. Carbonate of magnesia, half a drachm. Sulphate of magnesia, throe drachms. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. 
Tincture of rhubarb, half fl. ounce. 
" henbane, half fl. drachm. Mint water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a carminative cathartic. A tablespoonful, two or three times a-day. Meigs. 
Magnesia and Colchicum. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, one"drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, sufficient. Wine of colchicum root, forty drops. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In gout and rheumatism. A tablespoonful, every two hours, till it operates. Ellis. 


307 
MAGNESI.53 CITRAS —MAGNESIA SULPHAS. 
Mixture op Magnesia and Camphor. 
R. Magnesia, one drachm. Camphor, > half a drachm. Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, two drachms. Sulphuric ether, half fl. drachm. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. In flatulency and irritable stomach. A lablespoonful, four or five times a-day. Ellis. 
MAGNESIiE CITRAS. 
Citrate op Magnesia. 
R. Citric acid, at will. Dissolve in water, and add 
Carbonate of magnesia, sufficient to saturate; wash the powder, and dry by a gentle heat. Laxative, but not as active as the sulphate. Beasley. 
Soluble Citrate of Magnesia. R. Crystallized citric acid, 
one hundred grains. Calcined magnesia, thirty-five grains. Water, fifteen drops. 
Dissolve the acid with the water, then gradually add the magnesia; or omit the water and melt the acid in a sand-bath in its own water of crystallization, and incorporate the magnesia with it. The mixture soon hardens, and may be pulverized for use. This formula is modified from one given by Dorvault, of Paris. Parrish <y Smith. 
Solution of Citrate of Magnesia. R. Soluble citrate of magnesia, 
one ounce. 
Water, ' eight fl. ounces. Dissolve, transfer to a suitable bottle, and add 
Syrup, one and a half fl. ounces. Bi-carbonate of potassa, forty grains. 
Cork immediately and secure. Parrish if Smith. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, two hundred and ninety-two grains. Crystallized citric acid, four hundred and forty-six grains. Water, ten fi. ounces. Lemon syrup, two fl. ounces. Dissolve one hundred and thirty-eight grains of the carbonate in two fl. ounces of water, holding in solution one hundred and seventy grains of citric acid, and pour it into a twelve ounce mineral water bottle. The remainder of the magnesia is then triturated with the rest of the water, and poured into the bottle, and one hundred and eighty-five grains of the acid added, 
and the bottle immediately corked and tied over. As soon as, with occasional agitation, the opaque fluid becomes slightly milky, remove the cork, filter the solution, and pour it back into the bottle, with two ounces of lemon syrup, and ninety-one grains of citric acid; cork and wire. Each ounce contains one drachm of the citrate. Dose, from a half to a whole bottle. 
Rabourdin. 
R. Carbonate of magnesia, five drachms. Citric acid, seven and a half drachms. Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. Water, sufficient. 
Dissolve the citric acid in four fl. ounces of water, and add to the solution four drachms of the carbonate of magnesia, previously rubbed with three fl. ounces of water. When the reaction has ceased, filter the solution into a strong glass bottle of the capacity of twelve fl. ounces, into which the syrup of citric acid has been introduced. Rub the remaining carbonate of magnesia with two fl. ounces of water, pour into the bottle, cork, and secure with twine. 
U. S. Ph. 
Citrate of Magnesia Water. R. Subcarbonate of magnesia, five drachms and a quarter. Citric acid, five drachms and a half. Lemon syrup, two drachms and a half. Water, sufficient to fill a Seidlitz-water bottle. Dissolve the acid in one-sixth of the water, triturate the carbonate with the remainder, and add to it half the acid solution; and, on the ceasing of the effervescence, pour it into the bottle with the syrup, add the acid solution, and cork instantly. As a purgative draught. Bardet. 
MAGNESIAS SULPHAS. Sulphate of Magnesia. 
[Epsom Salts.] 
Cheltenham Salts. R. Sulphate of magnesia, Chloride of sodium, each, four parts. Sulphate of soda, three parts. To be well dried before being powdered and mixed. Dose, half an ounce, or more, in solution. Cooley. 
The compound saline powder of the Ed. Phar. differs from this, in the substitution of sulphate of potash lor the sulphate of soda. 
Seidlitz Water. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, two drachms Chloride of magnesium, eighteen grains. Soda water, twenty fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a purgative. Foy. 


308 
MAGNESII SULPHURETUM —MAGNESIJ3 TARTRaS. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, two drachms to 
one ounce. 
"Water, one pint. Dissolve, and charge the solution with three volumes of carbonic acid gas. Beasley. 
Purgative Emulsion. 
R. Sulphate of maguesia, two drachms. Flake manna, one ounce. 
Simple emulsion, four fl. ounces. Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two hours. Wendt. 
Sulphate of Magnesia and Tartar Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia one ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Flake manna, one ounce. 
Lemon juice, half an ounce. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Make a solution, and strain. A tablespoonful, every hour, till it operates. Dewees. 
Sulphate of Magnesia and Coffee. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, one ounce. Powdered roasted coffee, two drachms and a half. 
Water, sixteen ounces. Boil in an earthen vessel, for two minutes; remove from fire, and let infuse for some minutes; then filter, or strain. This will destroy the bitter taste of the salt. Combes. 
Clyster with Sulphate of Magnesia. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, two ounces. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Tepid water, one pint. 
Mix. One-half to be injected, and if it does not produce the desired effect, the remainder to be administered. Ellis. 
Sulphate of Magnesia and Sulphuric Acid. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, suflicient to saturate 
Water, seven fl. ounces. Add to solution, 
Diluted sulphuric acid, one fl. ounce. Dose, a tablespoonful, in a wineglassful of water, every hour, till it operates. Henry. 
Sulphate op Magnesia and Rochelle Salt. 
R Sulphate of magnesia, Tartrate of potassa and soda, 
equal parts. 
Dose, two to three drachms, in six ounces of water. Christison. 
Sulphate of Magnesia and Nitric Acid. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, half an ounce. Tincture of julap, one fl. drachm. Nitric acid, two drops. Mint water, two fl. ounces 
Mix. To be taken for a draught. Ellis. 
MAGNESII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Magnesium. 
R. Pure magnesia, five parts. Sulphur, four parts. 
Fuse together. Dose, five to ten grains. Jourdain. 
Syrup of Sulphuret of Magnesium. R. Sulphuret of magne- 
sium, half an ounce. 
Fennel-water, six ounces. Dissolve, strain, and add 
Sugar, fifteen ounces. 
Said to be useful in chronic exanthemata, hooping-cough, &c. Dose, a spoonful, occasionally. Radius 
MAGNESIJE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Magnesia. 
R. Magnesia, at will. Diluted phosphoric acid, sufficient 
to saturate; filter, and evaporate to dryness. Niemann. 
Stated to be useful in rachitis, in doses of ter to twenty grains. 
MAGNESIA TARTRAS. Tartrate op Magnesia. 
R. Solution of tartaric acid, at will. Carbonate of magnesia, sufficient to saturate. 
Evaporate the solution to dryness, in a waterbath. Used by Rademacher, in painful chronic maladies of the spleen. Dose, one scruple to 
Percira. 
one drachm. 


MAGNESIJS BI-TARTRAS —MANG ANESII CARBONAS. 
309 
I 
I 
Aperient Effervescing Magnesia. R. Carbonate of magnesia, one part. Sulphate of magnesia," Bi-carbonate of soda, Tartrate of soda aud y ' , . ' two parts, potassa, r Tartaric acid, 
Drive off the water of crystallization by heat, reduce to powder, mix thoroughly, and enclose in dry, strong bottles, which are to be well corked, and sealed with wax. Dose, a teaspoonful, in half a tumbler of water, drunk in a state of effervescence. Durand. 
MAGNESIA BI-TARTRAS. Bi-tartrate of Magnesia. 
R. Tartaric acid, one hundred aud twentyfive parts. Distilled water, two thousand parts. Dissolve, and add gradually, 
Carbonate of magnesia, one hundred and fifty- 
seven parts. 
Evaporate and crystallize. PA. Hanov. 
MAGNOLIA. 
The barks of several species of Magnolia are employed as stimulating tonics in the United States, but more especially that of M. Glauca. It is a stimulating, bitter tonic, with some diaphoretic powers, and the decoction has been used with some success in intermittent fevers and rheumatism, as has also a tincture of the cones. Dose, in powder, half a drachm to a drachm. 
Tincture of Magnolia. R. Recently-dried bark, or cones of magnolia, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for a week, express, and filter. In chronic rheumatism. Beasley. 
MALTUM. 
Malt. 
Malt is barley germinated by warmth and moisture, and then subjected to such a degree of heat as to destroy the vital principle. It contains sugar, gum, and hordein, and is principally used in the manufacture of malt liquors. 
Infusion of Malt. R. Ground malt, 
one pint 
three pints 
Scalding water. 
Infuse for two hours, strain, and add sugar or lemon juice, if required. Ellis. 
Much prescribed by the late Dr. Parrish, as a drink in inflammatory fevers. 
Emollient Clyster. 
R. Ground malt, ' Powdered mallow root, Pearl barley, each, two drachms. Water, one quart. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Phoebus. 
MALVA. 
Common Mallow. 
Several species of Mallow are recognized as officinal in the European Pharmacopoeias, and, although they are very similar in their properties, that most generally employed is the M. sylvestris, the leaves and flowers being the officinal parts. They are emollient and demulcent, but are seldom or never employed in this country. 
Compound Decoction of Mallow. R. Dried mallow, one ounc< 
one ounce. 
Dried chamomile, half an ounce. Water, one pint. 
Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Employed for fomentations and cnemata. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
M ANGANES1UM. 
Manganese. 
This metal is never employed in medicine, but several of its oxides and salts have obtained some celebrity. 
MANGANESII CARBONAS. 
Carbonate of Manganese. 
R. Peroxide of manganese, at will. Wash in very dilute muriatic acid, dissolve in strong muriatic acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve part in water, and precipitate with carbonate of soda; wash precipitate, and digest it with a solution of the rest of the salt. Filter, and precipitate by carbonate of soda; wash, and dry. Beasley. 
Pills of Carbonate of Manganese and Iron. 
R. Crystallized sulphate of iron, seventy-five parts. Sulphate of manga- 
twenty-five parts. 
nose, 


310 
MANGANESII MURIAS — MANGANESII OXIDUM. 
Crystallized carbonate of soda, one hundred and twenty 
parts. Honey, sixty parts. Water, sufficient. 
Mix well, and divide into pills of three grains. Burin Dubuisson. 
MANGANESII MURIAS. Muriate of Manganese. 
R. Muriatic acid, at will. Carbonate of manganese, suflicient 
to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Preserve in closely-stopped bottles. A solution in water has been praised as a gargle in aphthous sore throat. Jourdain. 
Pills of Muriate of Manganese. R. Muriate of manganese, two scruples. Gum Arabic, 
Extract of liquorice, each, one scruple. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains. Advised in obstinate cutaneous affections, in doses of from five to ten. Augustin. 
MANGANESII IODIDUM. Iodide of Manganese. 
Pills of Iodide of Manganese. 
R. Iodide of potassium, Sulphate of manganese, equal parts. Honey, sufficient. 
Form mass, and divide into four-grain pills, which are to be kept in a well-stopped bottle. Dose, one pill, gradually increased to six pills, daily. Hannon. 
Syrup of Iodide of Manganese. R. Sulphate of manganese, 
sixteen drachms. 
Iodide of potassium, nineteen drachms. 
Sugar, Water, each, sufficient. 
Dissolve each of the salts in three fl. ounces of water containing two drachms of syrup; mix, and after precipitation, filter the solution into a bottle containing twelve ounces of sugar; add water to make a pint, and shake the bottle till the sugar is dissolved. Each fl. ounce contains one drachm of iodide of manganese. Dose, ten drops to half a fl. drachm. W. Procter, Jr. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 330 grains. 
Tartaric acid, 
264 grains. 
Dissolve each in one and a half fl. ounces of water; mix, filter, and saturate the remaining hydriodic acid with carbonate of manganese. Then filter, and add sufficient syrup to make six fl. ounces. Each fl. ounce contains fifty grains of the iodide of manganese. Livermore. 
Syrup of Iodide of Iron and Manganese. 
R. Iodide of potassium, 1000 grains. Proto-sulphate of iron, 630 " Proto-sulpbate of manganese, 210 " 
Clean iron filings, 100 " Powdered sugar, 4800 " Distilled water, suflicient. 
Rub the sulphates and iodide separately to powder, mix with the iron-filings, add half a fl. ounce of water, and rub to an uniform paste; add the same quantity of water a second, and a third time, at intervals of fifteen minutes, and rub. Place the sugar in a bottle, and drain the dense solution into it through a filter, adding water slowly to the magma, until the solution of the iodides is displaced, and the water mea. sures twelve 11. ounces. Lastly, agitate the bottle till the sugar is dissolved. Each fl. ounce contains filly grains of the iodides, in the proportion of three parts of iodide of iron to one of iodide of manganese. Dose, ten to twenty drops. W. Procter, Jr. 
MANGANESII OXIDUM. 
Black Oxide of Manganese. Powder of Oxide of Manganese. 
R. Oxide of manganese, two grains. Magnesia, one scruple. 
Mix. To be taken every three hours, in chip rosis. Brera. 
Bolus of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese, fourteen grains. Extract of savine, Aloes, each, ten graius Mix, and divide into six boluses; to be taken during the day, as an emmenagogue. * %T! 
Niemann. 
Ointment of Oxide of Manganese. R. Oxide of manganese, one part. Lard, two parts. Giordano. 
Ointment of Oxide of Manganese and Sulphur. 
R. Oxide of manganese, 
Sulphur, each, 
one ounce. 


311 
MANGANESII PHOSPHAS —MANNA. 
Soap, one ounce. 
Lard, three drachms. Mix. Beasley. 
Both these ointments have been recommended in porrigo, and other skin diseases. 
MANGANESII PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate of Manganese. 
R. Sulphate of manganese, four ounces. Phosphate of soda, five ounces. Water, sufficient. 
Dissolve the salts severally in two pints of water, mix the solutions, wash the precipitate until the sulphate of soda is removed, press in bibulous paper, and dry. W. Procter, Jr. 
MANGANESII SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Manganese. 
R. Black oxide of manganese, ten parts. Pounded coal, one part. 
Ignite in a gas retort. Dissolve the protoxide thus formed in sulphuric acid, with the addition at the end of a little hydrochloric acid; then evaporate the sulphate to dryness, and heat again to redness in the gas retort. By this process the iron present is rendered insoluble, while the sulphate of manganese may be dissolved out and crystallized. Graham. 
R. Carbonate of manganese, at will. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient 
to saturate. Evaporate and crystallize. Dose, one to two drachms, in half a pint of water; to be taken before breakfast, as a cholagogue cathartic. Beasley. 
MANNA. 
Manna. 
This is the concrete juice of several species of Fraxinus, but principally of the F. ornus, or Ornus Europma ; a small tree found in the south of Europe. 
Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Olea. ceaj. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1510. Griffith, Med. Bot. 445. There are several varieties of manna— flake, common or in sorts, and fat. The first is the best and purest. It consists of sugar, a peculiar principle called mannite, and a viscous, nauseous matter. Manna is a gentle laxative, but sometimes causes flatulence and pain. Dose, for an adult, one to two ounces; lor children, one to four drachms. 
Lozenges of Manna. 
R. Mallow root, Water, each, 
four ounces 
Boil a short time, and add 
Manna, twelve ounces. When dissolved, strain and add 
Sugar, six pounds. Opium, dissolved in water, twelve grains 
Evaporate to the consistence of an electuary and add 
Orange-flower water, three ounces Essence of bergamot, u citron, each, four drops. 
Evaporate to proper consistence, pour on a marble slab, and divide into lozenges. Guibourt. 
Syrup of Manna. 
six ounces. 
R. Manna, Water, 
twelve fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and strain; then add Sugar, 
one pound. 
Pidereau. 
Evaporate to syrup. 
Emulsion of Manna. 
R. Sweet almonds, half an ounce. Manna, two ounces. 
Syrup of peach flowers, one fl. ounce. Infusion of liquorice, four fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, half fl. ounce. 
Make an emulsion. Radius. R. Manna, 
Oil of almonds, each, one ounce. 
Carbonate of potassa, twelve grains. Cinnamon water, Water, each, three fl. ounces. 
Rub the first three ingredients together, and gradually add the waters. 1'wo fl. ounces to be taken daily, in divided doses, in inflammation of the kidneys. Babington. 
Manna Mixture. 
R. Sulphate of magnesia, one ounce. Manna, six drachms Tincture of 
senna, one fl. drachm and a half. Boiling water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a purge. Ainslie, R. Manna, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Sulphate of soda, one ounce and a half. Water, six fl. ounces. Mix. Augustin R. Ma'nna, four ounces Senna, one ounce 
Cream of tartar, half an ounce Anise, half an ounce. Boiling water, four-pints 
Digest for some ime, and strain. Span. Pharm 


312 
MANNITE —MARRUBIUM 
MANNITE 
Mannite. 
R. Common manna, six pounds. Distilled water, three pints. White of egg, one. 
Mix, and boil for a few minutes; strain when eold; press impure mannite in a cloth; mix it with its weight of water, and again press. Dissolve in boiling water, with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. Ruspini. 
R. Manna, one part. Boiling water, three parts- 
Dissolve, and add subacetate of lead to separate gummy and resinoid matters; filter through muslin, and precipitate excess of lead by dilute sulphuric acid. Filter through paper, and concentrate by gentle heat to consistence of syrup. Pour the hot syrup into twice its bulk of cold alcohol, which will precipitate the mannite as the solution cools. C. T. Bonsall. 
Dose, from two drachms to two ounces. 
MAR ANT A. 
Arrowroot. 
Arrowroot is the fecula of the roots, or rhizomes of many plants, but that in common use is derived from the Maranta arundinacea, a native of the West Indies. 
Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Marantaceae. 
Lina. Sp. PI. 2. Griffith, Med. Bot. 637. West Indian arrowroot is a light, white powder, tasteless and inodorous. It has a firm feel, and crackles when pressed. It is nutritious and demulcent, and is an article of diet well suited to the sick and convalescent, especially in bowel complaints. It is prepared for use by adding to it a certain proportion of boiling water, usually about a pint to a tablespoonful of the fecula. 
Water Arrowroot. 
R. Rub the arrowroot with a little cold water, till well mixed; then pour boiling water over it, stirring constantly; afterwards boil for five minutes. Sweeten with white sugar, and flavor with lemon juice, or some aromatic; if wine be added, none of the astringent kinds should be used. 
Thomson. 
Milk Arrowroot. 
R. Arrowroot, a tablespoonful. Sweet milk, Boiling water, each, half a pint. 
Proceed as with water arrowroot. Ellis. 
R. Milk, 
fifteen fl. ounces. 
Sugar, Arrowroot, 
two ounces. 
one ounce. 
Proceed as above. 
Beral. 
Arrowroot Pudding. 
R. Rub a tablespoonful of arrowroot with a little cold water, and add to it, stirring constantly, a pint of boiling milk; with this mix one egg and three teaspoonfuls of sugar, previously beaten together. This may be boiled or baked, and forms a good diet in convalescence. 
Thomson. 
Beef-Tea Arrowroot. 
This is made in the same manner as the water arrowroot, except that beef tea is used in the boiling state instead of water, and that the mixture is to be boiled twenty minutes instead of five. Thomson. 
MARRUBIUM. 
Horehound. 
Horehound, M. vulgare, is a small, herbaceous plant, a native of Europe, and naturalized in some parts of this country. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 816. Griffith, Med. Bot. 512. The whole herb is officinal. It has a strong and peculiar odor in the fresh state, which is almost lost on drying. Its taste is bitter, and somewhat acrid. It is tonic, emmenagogue, antispasmodic, and, in large doses, laxative. The dose of the powder is from thirty grains to a drachm. 
Extract of Horehound. 
R. Powdered horehound, sufficient. Exhaust with water by the process of displacement, and evaporate to proper consistence. The dose is from a scruple to half a drachm. 
Compound Decoction of Horehound. R. Dried horehound, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Bruised liquorice root, Flaxseed, each, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for four hours, and strain. Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, in catarrh. 
Steph, Sf Church. 
Pectoral Mixture. R. Extract of horehound, " couch grass, each, 
two drachms. 


313 
MASTIC HE — MATICO 
Decoction of dandelion, ten fl. ounces. Oxymel of squill, Syrup of fennel, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally. Augustin. 
Syrup op Horehound. R. Dried horehound, on Horehound water, tv Digest for two hours, express, and add 
one ounce, two pints. 
Sugar, 
four pounds. 
Form a syrup. 
Cottereau. 
Horehound Candy. 
R. Expressed juice of horehound, 
one pint. Sugar, ten pounds. 
Boil to proper consistence, pour into moulds, or on a marble slab, and divide. Cooley. 
Much used to allay irritation of throat, in catarrh. 
MASTICHE. 
Mastich. 
Mastich is a concrete, resinous exudation from the Pistacia lentiscus ; a small tree, a native of most of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 
Sex. Syst. Dioec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Anacardiacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1455. Griffith, Med. Bot. 186. Mastich occurs in yellowish, semi-transparent, brittle grains or tears, of a mild, agreeable smell, and a resinous but not unpleasant taste. It is much used by the Turks as a masticatory to sweeten the breath and to strengthen the gums. It is more employed in the arts as the basis of varnishes, than in medicine. 
Mastich Dentifrice. R. Powdered mastich, Prepared chalk, each, two drachms. Powdered orris root, half an ounce. Oil of roses, three drops. Mix. Phoebus. 
Aromatic Mastich Collutory. R. Mastich, two drachms. Balsam of Peru, half a drachm . Gum Arabic, two drachms. Orange-flower water, six fl. ounces. Make an emulsion, and add 
Tincture of myrrh, two fl. drachms. 
Phoebus. 
Anti-Odontalgic Paste. 
R. Mastich, Sandarach, each, two drachms. 
Kino, ten grains. Opium, two grains. Oil of rosemary, eight drops. Spirit of horseradish, sufficient. 
Mix, and form a paste. Used to fill decayed teeth. Gassicourt. 
Dinner Pills. 
R. Aloes, six drachms. Mastich, Red roses, each, two drachms. Syrup of wormwood, suflicient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into three-grain pills. Dose, two pills as a laxative. 
Ethereal Tincture of Mastich. R. Mastich, four parts. Sulphuric ether, one part. Dissolve. To fill the cavity of carious teeth, for which purpose a small dossil of cotton is saturated with it, and introduced into the cavity Soubeiran. 
Picture Varnish. 
R. Mastich, three hundred and 
sixty parts. Venice turpentine, forty-five parts. Camphor, fifteen parts. Spirit of turpentine, one thousand parts. 
Dissolve with heat. Redwood. 
Crystal Varnish. 
R. Mastich, three ounces. 
Alcohol, one pint. 
Dissolve. Used to fix pencil drawings. Cooley 
MATICO. 
Matico. 
This is the leaves of a Peruvian plant, or plants ; in most cases of the Piper angustifolium (Artanthe elongata). Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piperacese. 
The leaves, as found in commerce, are strongly veined, or reticulated; of a greenish-ash color; mixed with fragments of the stem and flower spikes; of a somewhat aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste, Tiicy have attained much celebrity as a hemostatic, and have also been given in mucous and other discharges. As a styptic, they are applied in substance to the bleeding part. 
Infusion of Matico. 
R. Matico, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, half a pint. 
Infuse for one hour. Dose, two tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day, or oftener. In hemorrhagic and other discharges. Dub. Ph 


314 
MATRICARIA —MEL. 
Infusion of Matico and Senna. R. Matico, 
Senna, each, two drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse, and strain. Dose, one fl. ounce and ahalf, repeatedly. Watmough. 
Decoction of Matico. 
R. Matico, one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Boil for ten or fifteen minutes, and strain. Given as above. Jeffreys. 
Tincture of Matico. 
R. Matico, two and a half ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and strain. Lane. Dr. Jeffreys directs three ounces of matico. Dose, from thirty to sixty drops, in water. In hemorrhagic discharges, &c. 
R. Powdered matico leaves, eight ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm. Dub. Ph. 
Extract of Matico. 
R. Matico, at will. Treat by maceration and displacement with a mixture of three parts of alcohol (.835) and two parts of water. Evaporate the tincture on a water-bath to consistence of an extract. 
Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Syrup of Matico. 
R. Matico, four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Make tincture by displacement, evaporate to one-half; add 
Sugar, sufficient, 
and form syrup. Ruschenberger. 
Used in same cases as the tincture. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
Ointment of Matico. 
R. Powdered matico, three drachms. " opium, three grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As an pplication to hemorrhoids. Young. 
MATRICARIA. 
German Chamomile. 
This is the flowers of M. chamomilla, a small, annual, herbaceous plant, native of many parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Syngen. supe* Nat. Syst. Astera-9MB 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1256. Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 
iv. 238. 
The flowers, which are the officinal part, are smaller than those of the true chamomile. They have a strong 1 , penetrating, unpleasant odor, which is much diminished by drying. Their taste is bitter and somewhat nauseous. The medical properties are much the same as those of chamomile, and it is given in the same manner. 
Infusion of German Chamomile. R. Flowers of German chain- 
omile, six drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse for two hours, and strain. Dose as a tonic, a tablespoonful every two hours. An extract and the oil are much used in Germany, for the same purposes as we employ common chamomile. Walthtr. 
MEL. 
Honey. 
This is a peculiar fluid, prepared from flowers by the Apis mellijica, or honey-bee. In a recent state it is fluid, but by age concretes into a soft, granular mass. It has a peculiar, somewhat aromatic odor, and a sweet taste, followed by faint acridity. It resembles sugar in its properties, but is more laxative. It is principally used in medicine as a vehicle. 
Clarified Honey. 
R. Honey, at will. 
Melt by means of a water-bath, and remove the scum. U. S. Pharm. 
Prepared Honey. 
R. Clarified honey, half a pint. Diluted alcohol, one pint. Prepared chalk, half an ounce. 
Mix the honey and alcohol, add the chalk, and let the mixture stand for two hours, occasionally stirring. Heat to boiling, filter, and evaporate on water-bath, so that when cold the sp. gr. will be 1.32. U. S. Pharm., 1840. 
Oxymel. 
R. Honey, five pounds. Strong acetio acid, seven fl. ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Mix the acid and water with the honey previously heated. Lond. Ph. 
R. Honey, two pounds. Distilled vinegar, one pint. Boil to consistence of syrup, removing scum. Dub. Pharm., 1826. 


MELISSA. 
315 
Hydromel. 
R. Honey, two parts. 
Water, thirty-two parts. 
Dissolve, and strain. A refreshing and slightly laxative drink. Foy. 
Pectoral Hydromel. 
R. Washed Iceland moss, two ounces. Hyssop leaves, half an ounce. 
Hydromel, two pounds. 
Macerate for five days, strain, and add 
Sugar, 
three ounces. 
In catarrh, &c, one or two spoonfuls occasionally. Foy. 
Expectorant Mixture. 
R. Honey, 
Fresh butter, each, two ounces. Mix, and melt over a gentle fire. A spoonful occasionally. St. Marie. 
Ceromel. 
R. Yellow wax, one ounce. 
Honey, four ounces. Melt the wax, and add the honey, stirring well. As an application to indolent ulcers. Van Mons. 
Honey Water 
R. Honey, two parts. Washed sand, three parts. 
Introduce into a retort, and distil on a sandbath, and remove the oil that floats on the product. Aperient and diuretic; in doses of a scruple to half a drachm. Spielmann. R. Rectified spirit, eight pints. Rose water, two pints. Orange-flower water, two pints. Oil of cloves, half an ounce. " lavender, half an ounce. " bergamot, two ounces. " sandal wood, one drachm. Honey, one ounce. 
Tincture of saffron, one ounce. Musk, ten grains. 
Macerate for a week, and filter. Used as a perfume. Gray. R. Honey, 
Coriander, each, eight ounces. Fresh lemon peel, one ounce. 
Cloves, six drachms. Nutmeg, Benzoin, Storax, each, half an Ounce. Vanilla, three drachms. Rose water, Orange-flower water, each, five ounces. Alcohol, forty-eight ounces. 
Distil by means of a water-bath. Sometimes amber or musk is added. This is chiefly used for the toilette. Guibourt 
MELISSA. 
Balm. 
Several species have been used in medicine, but the only one that is officinal in this country is M. officinalis, a small herbaceous plant, which is a native of the south of Europe, and is very generally cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. La. iniacete. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 827. Stokes, Bot. Mat Med. iii. 365. 
The whole herb is used; it has an agreeable odor, somewhat like that of lemons, and an aromatic, slightly bitter taste. Its medicinal properties are very slight, but it communicates an agreeable flavor to infusions. 
Infusion of Balm (Balm Tea.) 
R. Balm, two to four drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. 
Infuse for two hours and strain. Used to favor or restore the eruption in the exanthemata, in doses of a wineglassful. Walther. 
Balm Water. 
R. Fresh balm, Water, 
twelve pounds, suflicient. 
Codex. 
Mix, and distil one gallon. 
Compound Spirit of Balm. 
R. Fresh balm, one pound and a half. Lemon peel, four ounces. Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, each, two ounces. Angelica, dried, Coriander, each, one ounce. 
Alcohol, eight pounds. Macerate for four days, and distil. 
Used as a perfume Codex. R. Fresh mint, in 
flower, thirteen ounces. Sage, three ounces and a half. Angelica, eighteen drachms. Hyssop, Marjoram, each, fourteen drachms. Thyme, thirteen drachms Cinnamon, Coriander, each, twelve drachms 


316 
MENTHA PIPERITA —M. VIRIDIS. 
Rosemary, Cloves, Nutmeg, each, ten drachms. Anise, half an ounce. Lemon peel, one drachm. Alcohol (.927), one hundred and forty ounces. 
Macerate for two days, distil, and rectify. Guibourt. 
This form of the compound spirit of balm is known as the Eau des Cannes. It is used as a perfume, stomachic, and stimulant. 
R. Compound spirit of balm, sixteen parts. 
Spirit of mint, " rosemary, each, twelve parts. " sage, nine parts. " thyme, eight parts. 
Mix. This is known as Eau de Dardel, and is used as above. Guibourt. 
Anti-Hysteric Water. 
R. Fresh balm, one pound. Laurel berries, Cinnamon, each, one ounce. 
Myrrh, half an ounce. Castor, two drachms. White wine, twelve pounds. 
hligest for some time, and distil off one-half. j\* a stimulant, and antispasmodic in hysteria. Wirtemberg Ph. 
MENTHA PIPERITA. 
Peppermint. 
Many species of Mentha are used in medicine, but two only are recognized in our pharmacopoeia; the M.piperita and M. viridis; both natives of Europe, and naturalized in this country. 
Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceo3. 
Smith, Eng. Bot. x. 687. Griffith, Med. Bot. ,'i02 
The whole plant is used; it has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and a balsamic, pungent, camphoiated taste, followed by a sensation of coolness It is aromatic, carminative, and stimulant, and is much employed to expel flatus, obviate nausea, &c. • 
Oil or Peppermint. 
R. Peppermint, at will. 
Water, suflicient. 
Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Par. Cod. 
Water op Peppermint. 
R. Oil of peppermint, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Distilled water, two pints. 
Rub the oil with the carbonate of magnesia, and then with the water gradually added, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Spirit of Peppermint. 
R. Oil of peppermint, three fl. drachms. Proof spirit, one gallon. 
Dissolve. Lond. Ph. 
Essence op Peppermint. 
R. Oil of peppermint, two fl. ounces. Alcohol, one pint. 
Mix. U. S. Ph. Dose, from ten to twenty drops. 
Peppermint Lozenges. 
R. Oil of peppermint, one drachm. Water of peppermint, sufficient. Sugar, twelve ounces. 
Mix, and form pastilles weighing nine grains. Cottereau. 
Carminative Mixture. 
R. Essence of peppermint, one fl. ounce. Peppermint water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of mallow, three fl. ounces. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. " peppermint, three drops. 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in convulsive hiccough. Alibert. 
R. Magnesia, half a drachm. Peppermint water, two and a half fl. drachms. Compound spirit of lavender, half fl. drachm. Spirit of caraway, four fl. drachms. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, as an antacid and carminative. Paris. 
MENTHA VIRIDIS 
Spearmint. 
This species, like the last, although a native of Europe, has become extensively naturalized in many parts of the United States; principally in low, wet situations. It is less powerfully aromatic and pungent than peppermint, but is more agreeable in odor and taste to most persons. It has the same properties, and its preparations are the same as of that article. 


317 
MENYANTHES. 
Infusion of Mint. 
R. Dried spearmint, three drachms. Boiling water, half a pint. 
Infuse for fifteen minutes, and strain. Dub. Fh. 
Compound Infusion of Mint. 
R. Dried spearmint, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient 
to afford six fl. ounces of strained infusion. Add 
Sugar, two drachms; Oil of spearmint, three drops; 
Dissolved in 
Compound tincture of cardamom, half fl. ounce. 
To allay nausea, &c. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Dub. Ph., 1826 
R. Dried mint, two ounces. 
Red roses, four scruples. Boiling water, one pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms. 
Macerate for half an hour, strain, and add 
Sugar, 
one ounce and a half; 
and dissolve. Guy's Hospital. 
Water of Spearmint. 
R. Oil of spearmint, half a fl. drachm. Carbonate of magnesia, one drachm. Water, two pints. 
Rub the oil with the carbonate, then gradually with the water, and filter. Dose, a tablespoonful. U. S. Ph. 
Arquebusade Water. 
R. Dried mint, " angelica tops, each, one pound. " wormwood, half a pound. Angelica seed, five ounces. Oil of juniper, half a drachm. Spirit of rosemary, three pints and a half. Rectified spirit, five gallons. Water, four gallons. 
Mix, and distil six gallons. Much celebrated as a vulnerary, for contusions, and for cleansing and healing ulcers and wounds, especially those caused by flrearms. Redwood. 
Essence of Spearmint, 
R. Oil of spearmint, two fl. ounces. Alcohol, one pint, 
Dissolve. Dose, twenty to thirty drops. 
U. S. Fh. 
Spirit of Spearmint. 
R. Oil of spearmint, three fl. drachms Proof spirit, one gallon 
Dissolve. Dose, half a fl. drachm. Lond. Ph. 
MENYANTHES. 
Buckbean. 
The m. trifoliate, or buckbean, is an aquatic herbaceous plant, with ternate leaves, a native of both Europe and Nprth America. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nai. Syst. Gentianaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 207. Griffith, Med. Bot. 464. All parts of the plant are medicinal. They are very bitter, but have very little odor. In small doses, the buckbean is tonic and astringent, in large Ones cathartic, and even emetic. As a tonic, the dose of the powdered leaves, or root, is from twenty to thirty grains. 
Infusion of Buckbean. 
R. Buckbean,. one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. Saunders. 
Extract of Buckbean. R. Clarified juice of buckbean, at will. 
Evaporate to the proper consistence. Guibourt. Dose, ten to fifteen grains. 
Compound Pills op Buckbean. 
R. Extract of buckbean, " valerian, each, two drachms. Soap, half an ounce. Rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Ten, three times a-day, in a costive condition of the bowels Vogel 
Mixture of Buckbean, Fumitory, &c R. Extract of buckbean, 
" fumitory, " couch grass, each, half an ounce 
Chamomile water, ten fl. ounces Compound infusion of horseradish, four fl. ounces. 
Sulphuric acid, half a drachm Mix. Two tablespoonfuls a-day as an antiscot 
butic. 
Sells. 


318 
MEZEREUM —MONARDA. 
Diuretic Mixture. 
R. Extract of buckbean, half an ounce. Vinegar of squill, two fl. ounces. Tincture of assafetida, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, thirty-drops, three times a-day, as a diuretic. Augustin. 
MEZEREUM. 
Mezereon. 
This is the bark of several species of Daphne; two species of which are officinal in the U. S. Pharm., the D. mezereum, and D. gnidium, both shrubs indigenous to Europe. The first being the most generally used. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Thymeiaccse. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 509. Griffith, Med. Bot. 560. The officinal portion is the bark. This, as found in the shops, is in long, narrow strips, of a greyish color and fibrous texture. It is almost inodorous, with a sweetish taste at first, soon becoming extremely acrid. It is used as an external irritant and stimulant, and internally as an alterative diaphoretic. 
Decoction op Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon, two drachms. Water, three pints. 
Boil till reduced to a quart. Add 
Liquorice root, half an ounce. Strain. Four to eight fl. ounces a-day. Thomson. 
In syphilitic affections, especially when there are night-pains and eruptions. 
Compound Decoction of Mezereon. R. Mezereon, two drachms. 
two drachms. 
Bittersweet, half an ounce. 
Burdock, two ounces. 
Water, four pints. 
Boil down to three pints, and add 
Liquorice root, 
two drachms. 
Strain. In the same cases as above, and in bstinate diseases of the skin. Van Mons. 
Extract of Mezereon. 
R. Mezereon, three parts. Alcohol, five parts. 
Digest, and repeat the operation twice, with the same proportion of alcohol, each time ; unite the tinctures ; filter, and distil off three-fourths of the spirit; filter the residue, retaining what is left on the filter. Ham. Pharm. 
Green Oil of Mezereon. R. Extract of mezereon, a 
at will. 
Sulphuric ether, 
suflicient. 
Macerate, express, and permit the ether to evaporate. Guibourt. 
Mezereon Ointment. 
R. Dried bark of garou (daphne gnidium), one hundred and twenty-five parts. Lard, four hundred and fifty parts. White wax, forty-five parts. Slice the bark, moisten with alcohol, and bruise it well. Digest on a sand-bath with the lard for twelve hours, express, cool, and remove the deposit. Melt the ointment with the lard, and stir till cold. 
This is the celebrated pommade epispastique au garou. Codex. 
R. Sliced mezereon, four ounces. Lard, fourteen ounces. White wax, two ounces. 
Moisten the bark with alcohol, beat in an iron mortar to a fibrous mass, digest on a salt-water bath, with the lard and wax previously melted together, for twelve hours; strain with strong expression, and cool slowly to permit the undissolved matter to subside. U. S. Ph. 
R. Extract of mezereon, one part. Alcohol, White wax, each, eight parts. Lard, seventy-two parts. 
Dissolve the extract in the alcohol; add the wax and lard ; heat to expel the alcohol, and strain. Guibourt. 
R. Green oil of mezereon, one part. White wax, sixteen parts. Lard, one hundred and sixty parts. 
Mix, and melt by means of a water-bath. 
Used as a stimulating application to blistered surfaces, and to indolent ulcers. 
MONARDA. 
Horsemint. 
Almost all the species of Monarda are possessed of medicinal properties, but one only is recognized as officinal, the M. punctata. This is a native, perennial, herbaceous plant, with yellow flowers, spotted with brown; usually growing in sandy soils. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Larniaccas. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 126. Griffith, Med. Bot. 510. The whole plant is aromatic, and abounds in a pungent, volatile oil. It is used in infusion, for flatulent colic, and as an emmenagogue. 
Oil of Horsemint. 
R. Fresh horsemint, 
at will. 
Water, suflicient. 
Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the 
product. 


319 
M ON ESI A —MORPHIA 
Internally, as a carminative, in doses of- two or three drops, with sugar and water. Externally, as a rubefacient, in low states of fever, rheumatism, &c. In most cases it must be diluted. 
Oil of Horsemint Liniment. 
R. Oil of horsemint, half an ounce. 
Tincture of camphor, two ounces. Laudanum, two drachms. 
Mix. As a rubefacient application. Atlee. 
MONESIA. 
Monesia. 
This is the extract of an unknown tree, perhaps the. Chrysopkyllum glycyphlamm, coming from South America. It is in the form of hard, thick cakes, having at first a sweet taste, which soon becomes astringent and acrid. It is of a dark brown color, friable, and soluble in water. It has been used with success in various discharges, especially of a chronic character; in chronic bronchitis, &c, in doses of two to ten grains, frequently repeated; also as an application to atonic ulcers. 
Purified Monesia. 
R. Monesia, bruised, one pound. Boiling water, six pints. 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, stirring occasionally ; decant, and evaporate by a water-bath. Beasley. 
Monesia Mixture. 
R. Monesia, two scruples. Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. Compound tincture of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. Mix, and dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful. Neligan. 
Syrup of Monesia. 
R. Monesia, one drachm. 
Water, one fl. drachm. 
Boiling syrup, twelve fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Derosne. 
Derosne. 
Compound Syrup of Monesia. R. Hot syrup of monesia, 
sixteen fl. ounces. 
Orange-flower water, half a fl. ounce. Extract of poppies, sixteen grains. 
Mix. As above. Derosne. 
Tincture of Monesia. 
R. Monesia, Diluted alcohol, 
one ounce. 
nine and a half fl. ounces. 
Water, 
two fl. ounces. 
Macerate, and decant. 
Donovan. 
R. Monesia, half an ounce. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Water, seven and a half fl. ounces. 
St. Ange. As above. Used in injections; half a drachm to a drachm, to six fl. ounces of water. 
Monesia Ointment. 
one drachm, one ounce. 
R. Monesia, Lard, 
St. Ange. 
Mix. 
one part, two parts, four parts. 
Derosne. 
Mix. 
As an application to indolent ulcers. 
MORA. 
Mulberries. 
Two species of Morus produce fruit which appears to have identical properties; M. nigra, a native of Europe, which is officinal in the foreign Pharmacopoeias; and M. rubra, a native of the United States. 
Sex. Syst. Moncec. tetrand. j!Va<. Syst. Moraceaj. 
Mulberries are refreshing and laxative, and form the basis of a grateful drink in febrile cases. 
Syrup of Mulberries 
R. Strained juice of mulberries, 
one pint, two and a half pounds. 
Sugar, i Rectified spirit, 
two and a half fl. ounces. 
Dissolve with a gentle heat, set aside for twenty, four hours, remove the scum, decant, and add the spirit. Lond. Ph. As an addition to cooling drinks in fever. 
Rob of Mulberries. 
R. Strained juice of mulberries, at will Evaporate to the consistence of honey. 'Austr. Ph. 
Used as a detersive application to ulcers, and as an addition to gargles. 
MORPHIA. Morphia. 
R.. Opium, sliced, • one pound. Distilled water, ~\ Alcohol, V each, suflicient. Animal charcoal, j Solution of ammonia, six fl. ounces 
Macerate the opium with four pints of the water, for twenty-four hours; and having worked i* with the hand, digest for twenty-four hour? and 
R. Monesia, Water, each, White wax, Oil of almonds, 


320 
MORPHINE ACETAS. 
strain. Operate on the residue twice, in the same manner. Mix the infusions, evaporate to six pints, and filter; then add five pints of alcohol, and afterwards three fl. ounces of the solution of ammonia mixed with half a pint of alcohol. Let rest for twenty-four hours, add the rest of the ammonia, mixed as before, and set aside for twenty-four hours, to crystallize. Purify the crystals by boiling them with two pints of alcohol, till dissolved, and filtering while hot through animal charcoal, and recrystallizing. U. S. Ph. 
R. Mix a concentrated infusion of opium with milk of lime (in which the lime is one-fourth the weight of the opium used); heat the mixture to boiling; filter while boiling hot, through linen, and add an excess of muriate of am- 
monia. As it cools, the morphia is precipitated. Muhr. 
R. Muriate of morphia, one ounce. Distilled water, one pint. 
Dissolve, and add 
Solution of ammonia, five fl. drachms, mixed with one fl. ounce of distilled water; shake together; wash the precipitate with distilled water, and dry by a gentle heat. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
One-sixth of a grain is about equal in power to a grain of opium. 
Pills op Morphia. R. Morphia, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. Magendie. Morphia Draught. R. Morphia, a quarter of a grain. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. At bedtime. Brera. 
Injection of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, one grain. Almond oil, Oil of lilies, each, half an ounce. 
Mix. 
R. Morphia, two grains. Yolk of egg, one. 
Oil of chamomile, " poppies, each, one ounce. 
Mix. To case pain in earache, and used in acute gonorrhoea and hemorrhoids. Brera. 
MORPHIiE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Powdered morphia, one ounce. 
Distilled water, half a pint. 
Acetic acid, 
suflicient. 
Mix the morphia with the water, and drop in the acid, constantly stirring', till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate to consistence of syrup on a water-bath. Dry by a gentle heat, and powder. 17. <S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain 
Solution op Morphia and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Acetate of morphia, one scruple. Diluted acetic acid, one fl. drachm. Water, two fl. ounces. Wine of ipecacuanha, four fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, ten fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, containing about one-sixth of a grain of the acetate, and one grain of ipecacuanha. 
Compound Powder op Acetate op Morphia. 
R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered foxglove, six grains. Extract of Pulsatilla, twelve grains. Sugar, one drachm. 
Mix, and form thirty-six powders. Four a-day, in the cough and sleeplessness of consumptive patients. Cadet. 
Bolus of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Olive oil, ten drops. Crumb of bread, Honey, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six boluses. Brera. 
Pills of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Conserve of roses, sixteen grains. 
Mix, and make eight pills. Mialhe. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Extract of aconite, each, two grains. Powdered liquorice, Honey, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. Brera. R. Acetate of morphia, one grain. Powdered digitalis, six grains. " camphor, ten grains. " gum Arabic, eight grains. Syrup of tolu, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into six pills. One may be taken every three hours. 
A. T. Thomson. 


321 
MORPHIjE BIMECON AS — MORPHIjE MURIAS. 
R. Acetate of morphia, fifteen grains. Ammonio-sulphate of copper, half a drachm. Inspissated bile, Powdered quassia, each, four scruples. Mix, and make one hundred pills. Five, morning and evening, in diabetes niellitus. Brendt. 
Solution of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, sixteen grains. Acetic acid, two A- drachms. Distilled water, six fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, six to twenty-four drops. 
Dunglison. 
R. Acetate of morphia, eighty-two grains. Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces. Water, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter if not clear. This is intended to be of the same strength as laudanum. Dub. Ph. 
R. Morphia, four grains. Distilled vinegar, two fl. drachms. " water, five fl. drachms. Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. Mix. Dose, twenty minims. Manch. Hosp. 
Alcoholic Solution of Acetate of Morphia. 
R. Acetate of morphia, sixteen grains. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Cottereau. 
Syrup of Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. Dissolve in a small portion of water, and a few drops of acetic acid, and add to 
Syrup, sixteen ounces. 
Par. Cod. 
Mixture with Acetate op Morphia R. Solution of acetate of 
morphia, twenty drops. Lactucarium, ten grains Infusion of chamomile, five ounces Syrup of marsh mallow, half an ounce 
Mix. Dose, a spoonful. Beral. 
Clyster with Acetate of Morphia R. Starch, one drachm 
one drachm 
Hot water, one pint Acetate of morphia, one grain 
Mix. In chronic diarrhoea. Cadet. 
Ointment op Acetate of Morphia. R. Acetate of morphia, six to eight grains. Lard, one to two drachms. 
21 
Mix. As a friction in violent rheumatic pains. Foy. 
R. Acetate of morphia, four grains. Mercurial ointment, Simple ointment, each, two drachms. 
Mix. In frictions on the labia, twice a-day, in cancer of the uterus. Hildenbrand. 
MORPHIA BIMECON AS. BlMECONATE OF MORPHIA. 
R. Meconic acid, two hundred grains. Boiling water, suflicient. 
Dissolve, and add 
Morphia, suflicient to saturate. (About 310 grains). Evaporate to dryness. Squire. 
Dose, one-fourth of a grain. 
Solution of Bimeconate of Morphia. 
R. Bimeconate of morphia, ten grains. Rectified spirit, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, thirteen fl. drachms. 
Mix. About the strength of laudanum. Beasley. 
MORPHIA CITRAS. 
Citrate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, sixteen grains. Crystallized citric acid, eight grains. Distilled water, one ounce, colored with 
Tincture of cochineal, two drachms. Mix. Dose, six to thirty drops, in the twentylour hours. Magendie. 
MORPIIIiB IIYDRIODAS 
Hydriodate of Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia, two parts. Iodide of potassium, one part. Make a strong- solution of each, and mix; wash the precipitate in a little cold water, press in bibulous paper, redissolve in hot water, and let crystallize. A. T. Thomson. 
MORPHINE MURIAS. Murtate op Morphia. 
R. Morphia, in powder, one ounce Distilled water, half a pint Muriatic acid, sufficient 


322 
MORPHIA NITRAS—MORPHINE SULPHAS. 
Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the ncid, constantly stirring, till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate by means of a water-bath to crystallization. Dry upon bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 
Solution of Muriate of Morphia. 
R. Muriate of mor- 
phia, one drachm and a half. Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces. Distilled water, fifteen fl. ounces. 
Mix the spirit and water, and dissolve the muriate in the mixture with the aid of heat. 
Ed. Ph. 
Eighteen minims contain one-sixth of a grain of the muriate, equal to a grain of opium. 
Syrup op Muriate of Morphia. R. Muriate of morphia, one grain. Syrup, four ounces.' Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. As an expectorant. Cadet. 
Mixture op Muriate of Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia, sixteen grains. Acetic acid, four drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Cadet. 
Compound Syrup of Muriate of Morphia. 
R. Muriate of morphia, two grains. Syrup of pinks, ten ounces. 
" balm, four ounces. " orange flowers, two ounces. 
Mix. Dose, half an ounce to an ounce. Cadet. 
Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia 
R. Muriate of morphia, one scruple. Tincture of tolu, half a fl. ounce Sugar, twenty-five ounces. 
Dissolve the muriate in a little hot water, mix it and the tincture with the sugar, beat into a mass with mucilage, and divide into lozenges of fifteen grains. Each lozenge contains a fortieth of a grain of the muriate. Ed. Ph. 
Lozenges of Muriate of Morphia and Ipecacuanha. 
R. Made as the last, with the addition of one drachm of ipecacuanha. 
Ed. Ph. 
MORPHIA NITRAS Nitrate op Morphia. 
R. Morphia, at will. 
Dilute nitric acid, sufficient. 
Saturate, dissolve, evaporate, and let crystallize. Giordano. 
MORPHIJ1 PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Morphia. 
Make like the last, using dilute phosphoric acid instead of nitric. 
MORPHIA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, in powder, one ounce. Distilled water, half a pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. 
Mix the morphia with the water, drop in the acid, constantly stirring till the morphia is saturated and dissolved. Evaporate on waterbath and let crystallize. Dry crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth to a quarter of a grain. 
Bolus of Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains. Oil of almonds, sufficient. 
Sulphate of iron, four grains. Crumb of bread, Honey, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eight boluses 
R. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Ipecacuanha, three grains. Oil of almonds, twelve drops. Extract of aconite, two grains. Liquorice powder, Honey, each, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six boluses. One, every three or lour hours. Brera. 
Pills of Sulphate op Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, two grains. Cyanide of potassium, four grains. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One every six hours, in neuralgia. Rougier. R. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Olive oil, sufficient. Ipecacuanha, three grains. .Nux vomica, two grains. Crumb of bread, Honey, each, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. One, every two hours. 
Brera. 


323 
MORPHIA TARTRAS—MOSCHUS. 
Solution op Sulphate op Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, eight grains. Distilled water, half a pint. Dissolve. U. S. Ph. 
One fl. drachm contains an eighth of a grain. R. Sulphate of morphia, four grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. One fl. drachm contains half a grain. Copland. 
Syrup op Sulphate of Morphia. R. Sulphate of morphia, one grain. Dissolve in a little water, and add to 
Syrup, four ounces. Each ounce contains one quarter of a grain of sulphate. Cadet. 
Mixture of Sulphate of Morphia. [Magendie's Solution.] 
R. Sulphate of morphia, sixteen grains. Acetic acid, four drops. Distilled water, one ounce. 
Alcohol, one drachm. Mix. Dose, six to twenty drops. Magendie. 
Lotion of Sulphate of Morphia and Borax. 
R. Sulphate Of morphia, six grains. Borax, . half an ounce. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application in pruritus vaginae, washing first with tepid soap and water. Meigs. 
MORPHIA TARTRAS. 
Tartrate of Morphia. 
R. Morphia, at will. Saturate with 
Solution of tartaric acid, sufficient. Evaporate and crystallize. A. T. Thomson. 
MOSCHUS, 
Musk. 
This is a peculiar concrete substance obtained from the Moschus moschiferus, a small animal of the deer kind, inhabiting the mountainous regions of central Asia. The musk is secreted in the male, in an oval sac, situated near the generative organs. It is found in commerce in these sacs; it is concreted or granular; of a brownish Color; soft and greasy to the touch; of a powerful, penetrating odor, and of a bitter, unpleasant, somewhat acrid taste. From its high price it is very liable to adulteration. It is antispasmodic and stimulant, and was formerly much used in spasmodic diseases of all kinds, as well as a stimulant in low states of the system. The dose is from five to ten grains. 
Powder op Musk. 
R. Musk, three grains. Opium, half a grain. Gum Arabic, one scruple Sugar, two drachms. 
Triturate together, and divide into six powder?. One, every three hours, in hooping-cough. Augustin. 
R. Musk, sixteen grains. Valerian, twenty-four grains. Camphor, eight grains. 
Mix. As an antispasmodic, in hysteria, &c.; in doses of three to twelve grains. Guibourt. 
This is called by Jourdain, Tonquin powder, but this name belongs rather to the following: 
R. Musk, sixteen grains. Cinnabar, twelve grains. 
Mix. For a single dose. Spielmann. 
Once celebrated as a remedy in hydrophobia. 
Musk Bolus. 
R. Musk, five to ten grains. Camphor, five grains. Syrup, sufficient. Make a bolus. Antispasmodic. Ellis R. Musk, Carbonate of ammonia, each, • ten grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Make a bolus. One, every three hours. In mortification, attended with spasmodic action. Ellis. 
Musk Pills, 
R. Musk, eight grains. Opium, two grains. Camphor, twenty-four grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and form six pills. To be taken during the day, in hospital gangrene. Dupuytren. 
R. Musk, ten grains. Camphor, , one scruple. Ammoniac, two scruples. Opium, four grains. 
Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four or five in the twenty-four hours, in nervous disorders. Richard. 
R. Musk, twelve grains. Castor, twenty-four grains. Assafetida, thirty grains, Tincture of valerian, sufficient. 
Make twenty-four pills. Four, three times a-day, in nervous comolaints. Radius 


324 
MUCUNA—MYRISTICA 
Musk Mixture. 
R. Musk, Sugar, 
two drachms. 
Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, in low fevers. EUis. 
R. Musk mixture, six fl. ounces. Paregoric elixir, half fl. ounce. Amnion, tinct. of 
valerian, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in pertussis in children. Ellis. 
R. Musk, two grains. Fennel water, six fl. ounces. Laudanum, ten drops. Syrup of poppies, two drachms. 
Mix. A spoonful, every hour, in trismus. Chesselden. 
R. Musk mixture, Camphor water, each, three fl. ounces and a half. 
Syrup of ginger, Spirit of sulphurio ether, each, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every three or four hours, in low fevers. Ainslie. 
Musk Clyster. 
R. Musk, ten grains. Valerian, half an ounce. 
Starch, half a drachm. 
Boiling water, eight ounces. 
Mix. As an antispasmodic and excitant. Radius. 
R. Musk, twelve grains. Sugar, two scruples. Spirit of ammonia, thirty drops. Infusion of flaxseed, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. For children with convulsions. Ellis. 
Tincture op Musk. 
R. Musk, one part. Alcohol, twelve parts. 
Digest for twelve days, and filter. Dose, thirty lo sixty drops. Guibourt. 
MUCUNA. 
COWHAQE. 
This is the bristles of the pods of Mucuna pruriens, a perennial, twining plant, native of the warmer ports of America, bearing curved brown pods, covered with short bristles, which, when dry, readily separate. 
Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fa- 
bacesB. 
De Candc-Ile, Prod. ii. 405. Griffith, Med. 
Bot. 242. 
The pod is shaped somewhat like the italic S, and is covered with brown, bristly hairs, which adhere to any substance coming in contact with them. These hairs or spicula are possessed of anthelmintic powers, but whether they act mechanically or not, has not been fully ascertained, though the probability is that they do. 
Electuary op Cowiiaoe. R. Cowhage, two so 
Cowhage, two scruples. Syrup, half an ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every morning, fasting, for three days, to be followed by a dose of castor oil; in cases of lumbrici. Correa. 
R. Cowhage, one drachm. 
Honey, suflicient 
to make electuary. To be given as above. Ellis. 
Ointment op Cowhage. 
R. Cowhage, seven and a half grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix thoroughly. 
This is used as a counter-irritant by rubbing it on the skin for ten or twenty minutes. ISlalin. 
MYRISTICA. 
Nutmeg. 
The nutmeg is the kernel of the fruit of My ristiea moschata, a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands, and now cultivated in variout tropical regions. 
Sex. Syst. Dioec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. My. ristic.'iceffi. 
Thunbcrg, Act. Holm. 1782. Griffith, Med. Bot. 109. 
The nutmeg is an oval, oblong nut, of a lightish.brown color externally, and of a reddish, grey with red veins, internally; of an agreeable, fragrant odor, warm, aromatic taste, and unctuous feel. It is principally used for culinary purposes, but is also employed in medicine as a stimulant, and to disguise the taste of nauseous remedies. 
Volatile Oil op Nutmeg. 
R. Grated nutmeg, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and separate the oil. Dose, one or two drops. 
Aromatic Powder. 
R. Cinnamon, 
Ginger, each, two ounces. Cardamom seed, Nutmeg, grated, each, one ounce. 


MYRRHA 
325 
Rub together into very fine powder. U. S. Ph. 
Stimulant and carminative; dose, ten to tmrty grains. 
Goelis's Antihectic Powder. R. Burnt hartshorn, 
Powdered nutmeg, Roasted laurel berries, each, one part. Liquorice, three parts. 
Mix, and make a powder. Advised in the hectic attendant on scrofulous affections, in doses of ten grains. Augustin, 
Stimulating Clyster. 
R. Powdered nutmeg, one drachm. Powdered columbo, one drachm. " salep, one scruple. Infusion of flaxseed, four fl. ounces. Mix. As a stimulating enema. Ammon. 
Essence of Nutmeg. 
R. Volatile oil of nutmeg, one fl. ounce. Alcohol, nine fl. ounces. 
Mix, with agitation. Dose, twenty drops. Dub. Ph. 
Spirit of Nutmeg. 
R. Nutmeg, bruised, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Water, one pint. 
Mix, and distil one gallon, with a slow fire. V. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms; principally used to flavor other medicines. 
Compound Spirit of Nutmeg. R. Nutmeg, two oun 
two ounces. 
Lemon-peel, Orange-peel, , c • 4. r each, one ounce. bpearmint, [ ' Balm, J Diluted alcohol, four pints. Water, twelve pints. 
Distil three pints. Van Mons. 
As a stomachic, and an external application to contusions. 
MYRRHA. 
Myrrh. 
Myrrh is the concrete juice of Balsamodendron tnyrrha, a small shrubby tree, with spiny branches, a native of Arabia, &c. Sex. Syst. Octand. monog. Nat. Syst. Amyridaceaj. 
Nees, Offic. Planz. liv. 17. Griffith, Med. Bot. 
171. 
Myrrh occurs in tears, or in agglutinated masses, of various shades of color; the best is of a reddish-yellow color, somewhat translucent, having a peculiar, aromatic odor, and a warm, bitter taste. It is a stimulating tonic. It is given in a variety of diseases, and is used externally as an application to foul ulcers, aphtliaa &c. The dose is from ten to thirty grains usually in combination. 
Powder of Myrrh and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered myrrh, twelve graips. " ipecacuanha, six grains. " nitre, half a drachm. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every fourth hour. Stimulating expectorant. Paris. 
Emmenagogue Powder. 
R. Myrrh, Saffron, Oil of cloves, 
twelve grains, three grains, one drop. 
Augustin. 
Rub into powder. 
Pills of Myrrh and Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Powdered myrrh, one drachm and a half 
Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty pills. Two, twice a-day. In pertussis. Paris. 
Tills of Myrrh and Sulphate op Iron. 
R. Myrrh, Sulphate of iron, each, two scruples. Carbonate of potassa, Soap, each, half a drachm. Rub into mass, and form forty pills. Two, thrice a-day. In amenorrhoea. EUis. 
Pills of Myrrh and Squill. 
R. Myrrh, one drachm and a half. Dried squill, half a drachm. Extract of henbane, two scruples. Distilled water, sufficient. Rub into mass, and form thirty pill?. Two, night and morning. In catarrh and phthisis. Paria. 
Pills of Myrrh and Canada Balsam R. Myrrh, three drachms^ Canada balsam, one drachm and a half. 
Opium, half a drachm. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Two to four, every hour, in ulcerated phthisis. 
Augustin. 


326 
MYRRHA. 
Alkaline Solution op Myrrh. R. Myrrh, two ounces. Carbonate of soda, one drachm. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for two days and filter. Swediaur. 
Compound Extract op Myrrh. R. Myrrh, two ounces. Gum Arabic, two drachms. Triturate together; add sufficient water to a thick emulsion, and mix well with Extract of couchgrass, four ounces. Advised in phthisis, and ulcers of the uterus. Dose, one to three drachms, mixed with water, two or three times a-day. Swediaur. 
Myrrh Collutory. 
R. Lime water, one fl. ounce and a half. Tincture of myrrh, two fl. drachms. Honey of roses, two drachms. 
Mix. Pharm. Chirurg. R. Tincture of myrrh, two fl. drachms. Infusion of sage, six fl. ounces. Honey of roses, two ounces. 
Mix Augustin. 
Myrrh Gargle. 
R. Tincture of myrrh, Vinegar, each, two fl. ounces. Honey, one ounce. 
Infusion of contrayerva, one pint and a half. 
Mix. In putrid sore throat, scarlatina, &c. Father gill. 
R. Honey of roses, one ounce and a half. Barley water, twelve fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, six fl. drachms. Vinegar, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a gargle in putrid sore throat. Ainslie. 
w Stimulating Injection. R. Myrrh, one ounce. Quicklime, two ounces. Water, two pints. Infuse for a few days, and decant. As an injection in fistulous ulcers. St. Marie. 
Tincture oe Myrrh. R. Myrrh, bruised, four ounces. Alcohol, three pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Tincture of Myrrh and Hellebore. Hi Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. " black hellebore, half a fl. ounce. 
Tincture of Spanish flies, 
two fl. drachms. 
Mix. As an emmenagogue, in doses of thirty drops, three times a-day, in a little sugar and water. EUis. 
Griffith's Myrrh Mixture. 
R. Myrrh, one drachm. Sulphate of iron, one scruple. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Sugar, two drachms. Water, 6ix fl. ounces. 
Make mixture. As a tonic in phthisis, in tablespoonful doses, according to circumstances. EUis. R. Myrrh, 
Sugar, each, one drachm. Carbonate of potassa, twenty-five grains. 
Rub together, and add, gradually, Rose water, 
seven and a half fl. ounces. 
Spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. Then add 
Crystallized sulphate of iron, rubbed to powder, one scruple. 
Mix. Ellis. 
Compound Mixture of Myrrh. R. Powdered myrrh, one drachm. Carbonate of potassa, half a drachm. Sulphate of iron, twelve grains. Mucilage gum Arabic, two fl. drachms. Decoction of liquorice, six and a half fl. ounces. 
Spirit of allspice, one fl. ounce. Rub the myrrh, potassa, sulphate of iron, and mucilage, well together; add gradually the other ingredients. Dose, a tablespoonful twice or thrice a-day. Babington. 
Nearly the same as Griffith's mixture, and used in the same cases. 
Oil of Myrrh, 
R. Myrrh, two parts. Washed sand, three parts. 
Distil, separate the oil that passes, and rectify it. Wirt. Ph. 
Myrrh Plaster. R. Balsam of Peru, Camphor, Powdered myrrh, each, one ounce and a half. 
Lead plaster, thirty-two ounces. Triturate the first three ingredients together and when intimately mixed, add the melted plaster, and stir until chilled; then form into rolls of half a pound each. 


327 
NAPHTHALINA — NUX VOMICA. 
N. 
NAPHTHALINA. 
Naphthaline 
Is a product of the distillation of coal tar, and is deposited from the rectified oil of coal tar, in white, shining, concrete crystals, .and may be purified by dissolving in alcohol and recrystallizing. It is an active expectorant in doses of eight to thirty grains. 
Syrup of Naphthaline. R. Naphthaline, sixteen grains. 
Dissolve in smallest quantity of hot alcohol, and triturate with 
Syrup, four ounces. Dose, a tablespoonful every two hours. Dupasquier. 
Ointment of Naphthaline. R. Naphthaline, one pcruple. Lard, five drachms. Mix. As an application in dry tetter, lepra, psoriasis, &c. Emery. 
Lozenges of Naphthaline. 
R. Naphthaline, five scruples Sugar, twenty ounces Oil of aniseed, 
Mucilage of tragacanth, each, sufficient. Mix, and form lozenges of fifteen grains. Expectorant. One occasionally, to the amount of twenty a-day. Dupasquier. 
NARCOTINA. 
Narcotine 
Is a crystallizable, white, tasteless, inodorous principle, existing in opium. It forms bitter salts with the acids. It has been used with success as an antiperiodic, in doses of three grains, three times a-day. 
It may be obtained by treating opium, or the extract of opium, with ether, or by the following process: - 
R. Residue of opium, exhausted by water, at will 
Dry it, powder it coarsely, add cold acetic acid, express, and filter; add an excess of ammonia, wash the precipitate with cold water, dissolve in boiling alcohol, decolorize by means of animal charcoal, let cool, and crystallize. Pereira. 
Bolus op Narcotine. R. Narcotine, one scruple. Oil of almonds six drops. 
Crumb of bread, Honey, each, sufficient 
Mix, and make eight boluses. One, »hre times a-day, in the apyrexia of intermittei.ts. Breta. 
Mixture of Narcotine. R. Narcotine, one d 
one drachm. 
Lemon syrup, one fl. ounce. 
Lemon water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a dessertspoonful. Brera. 
NARCOTINE MURIAS. 
Muriate of Narcotine. 
R. Opium, two pounds. Alcohol, twenty pounds. Rub together, gradually adding the spirit, till the opium is exhausted, decant, and press residue; to solution add ammonia, till turbid. Distil off three-fourths of alcohol, and let the product cool; wash the deposit with water, and then with a drachm of muriatic acid mixed with a quart of water. Filter the solution, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, about the same as of narcotine. O'S/iaugJmessy. [See Dunglison's New Remedies, 6th edit. p. 536.] 
NUX VOMICA. 
Nux Nomica 
Is the seed of the Strychnos nux vomica, a moderate-sized tree, a native of many parts of the East Indies, having a very bitter wood. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Loganiacece. Linn. Sp. PI. 271. Griffith, Med. Bot. 469. The seeds are flat, peltate, with narrow annular stria:, somewhat downy on the surface; they arc of a horny consistence, inodorous, and of a bitter, acrid, somewhat nauseous taste. Nux vomica is a violent excitant of the cerebrospinal system, and in large doses an active poison. In small doses, frequently repeated, it is tonic, diuretic, and even laxative. It owes its energetic properties to the presence of strychnia and brucia. It is principally used in paralysis, in doses of about five grains, three or four times a-day. 
Powder op Nux Vomica. R. Powdered nux vomica, three grains Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, twelve grains. Mix. Advised in chronic dysentery. One, every day. Soubeiran. 


328 
NUX VOMICA 
R. Powdered nux vomica, eighteen grains. " ipecacuanha, s twenty-four grains. PowderejJ rhubarb, one drachm. Prepared chalk, two scruples. peppermint, two drops. be divided into twelve powders. One three or four hours, in cardialgia, &c. r- vogt. 
Extract of Nux Vomica. R. Nux vomica, one pound. Alcohol, sufficient. Expose the nux vomica to steam, till softened, slice, dry, and reduce it to powder. Place this in a displacement apparatus, add alcohol till it comes away without bitterness. Distil off the alcohol from the tincture, and evaporate to a proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half a grain to a grain. 
Tincture of Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, one part. Alcohol, four parts. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Cottereau. 
Dose, five to twenty drops, in paralysis. 
R. Nux vomica, rasped, eight ounces. Alcohol, two pints 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter, Dose, five to fifteen drops. U. S. Ph. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, two ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints. 
Digest ten days, and filter. Dose, half a fl. drachm, in seminal debility. Mettauer. 
Compound Tincture of Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux 
vomica, twenty-four grains Camphor, one drachm Tincture of pellitory, one fl. ounce 
Mix. Dose, twenty drops, four times a-day, in paralysis. Radius. 
R. Tincture of nux vomica, " Spanish flies, each, one fl. drachm 
Phosphoric ether, one fl. scruple 
Mix. Thirty drops, three or four times a-day, in paralysis. Radius. 
Pills op Nux Vomica. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, thirty grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make ten pills; one, twice or thrice a-day, in paralysis, closely watching the effects. Ellis. 
Pills of Extract of Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica, one scruple. " liquorice, seven scruples. 
Mix, and make eighty pills. Two to four, two or three times a-day, in paralysis. Radius. 
Compound Pills of Nux Vomica. R. Extract of nux vomica, six grains. Black oxide of iron, one drachm. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Three a-day, in atonic incontinence of urine. Mondiere. 
Pills of Nux Vomica and Aloes. R. Extract of nux vomica, ten grains. Pills of aloes and myrrh, four scruples. 
Mix well, and form thirty-six pills. One or two, night and morning. Copland. 
Mixture of Nux Vomica. 
R. Extract of nux vomica, ten grains. Elder water, six fl. ounces. Mucilage of gum Arabic, Syrup of mallow, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful every two hours, in chronic dysentery. Ammon. 
Lotion of Nux Vomica. 
R. Extract of nux vomica, eight grains. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Stronger water of ammonia, half fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a stimulating lotion to paralyzed limbs. Radius. 


329 
OLEUM ANIMALE EMPYREUMATICUM—OLEUM MORRIHLE. 
t 
0. 
OLEUM ANIMALE EMPYREUMATICUM. Dippel's Animal Oil. 
R. Oil of hartshorn, at will. Distil off one-fourth, by a slow heat, on a sandbath, keeping it protected from the light. Van Mons. 
Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, and anodyne, in doses of five or ten drops; poisonous in large doses. 
Liniment of Dippel's Oil 
R. Dippel's oil, one drachm. Oil of almonds, six drachms. Turpentine soap, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an exciting liniment, also as an application to the abdomen, in cases of worms. Sundelin. 
Tincture of Dippel's Oil. R. Dippel's oil, one 
Dippel's oil, one part. Sulphuric ether, fifteen parts. 
Dissolve. Fifteen to thirty drops, as a stimulant and antispasmodic. Beral. 
Mixture of Dippel's Oil. 
R. Dippel's oil, one drachm. Hoffmann's anodyne, three drachms. 
Dissolve. Twenty to thirty drops, four times a-day, in chorea and tetanus. Radius. 
OLEUM CAJUPUTI. 
Oil of Cajeput. 
This is a fluid, transparent, green volatile oil, of an aromatic and pleasant odor, and a warm, pungent taste; obtained from the Melaleuca cajuputi, a small tree, a native of the Molucca islands. 
Sex. Syst. Polyadelph. icosand. Nat. Syst. Myrtaceee. Maton, Lond. Pharm. 1800. Griffith, Med. Bot. 296. 
It is also furnished by other species. It is an active stimulant, when given internally, in doses of a few drops, and acts as a rubefacient when applied to the skin. 
Mixture of Oil op Cajeput. 
*R. Oil of cajeput, half a drachm. Dippel's animal oil, one drachm. 
Mix. As a stimulant. Dose, Ave to fifteen 
drops. 
Augustin. 
Cajeput Liniment. 
R. Cajeput oil, Camphor, each, three drachms. Soft soap, two ounces. 
Alcohol, one pint Water of ammonia, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an embrocation. Chapman. 
OLEUM MORRIIU^. 
Cod Liver Oil. 
This, which is also called Oleum jecoris aselli, is procured from the livers of several kinds of fish, but principally from the Cod (Gadus Morrhua), though that from the Ray is said to be preferable. There are several varieties; one, clear and limpid, the. other dark-colored, and somewhat acrid, which is said by many writers to be the most powerful. The pale oil has a faint fishy smell, and a bland taste. It has obtained much celebrity as an alterative, in strumous affections; in chronic gout, rheumatism, and cutaneous diseases, &c. The dose for an adult, is from half a tablespoonful to three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a-day. 
Mixture of Cod Liver Oil. 
R. Cod liver oil, one fl. ounce. Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, two drachms. Cinnamon, or mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. One or two tablespoonfuls, morning and evening. Ellis. 
R. Cod liver oil, fourfl. ounces. Solution of carbonate of potassa, half a fl. ounce. 
Syrup of orange-peel, half a fl. ounce. Peppermint water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, one and a half fl. ounces to three fl. ounces. Beasley. 
R. Cod liver oil, one fl. ounce. Solution of carbonate of potassa, two fl. drachms. 
Syrup of orange-peel, one fl. ounce. Oil of calamus, three drops. 
Mix. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, night and morning, for rickets in children. Fehr. R. Cod liver oil, 
Syrup of orange-peel, Aniseed water, each, one fl. ounce Oil of calamus, three drops 
Mix. Three spoonfuls a-day, in rachitis, and 
gouty swellings. 
Phoebus 


330 
OLEUM OLIV.E. 
R. Cod liver oil, half a fl. ounce. Solution of potassa, forty drops. Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix for a draught. This should be followed by a teaspoonful of lemon-juice to liberate the oil on the stomach. Percival. 
Syrup of Cod Liver Oil. 
R. Cod liver oil, eight parts. Powdered gum Arabic, five parts. Simple syrup, four parts. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Sugar, twenty-four parts. Dissolve by gentle heat, and add 
Orange-flower water, two parts. 
Duclau. 
Liniment of Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil, f one fl. ounce. Water of ammonia, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Brack. Cod liver oil, four fl. drachms. Lead water, two fl. drachms. Yolk of egg, three drachms. Mix. As an application to ulcers, &e. Brefeld. 
Ointment of Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil, three fl. ounces. Spermaceti, six drachms. White wax, two drachms. Melt together, and stir till cold. Beasley. R. Caustic soda, one ounce. Water, two fl. ounces and a half. Dissolve, and add Cod liver oil, eight fl. ounces. Agitate briskly. Deschamps. R. Cod liver oil, ten parts. Lead water, five parts. Lard, ten parts. Mix. Brefeld. 
Compound Ointment of Cod Liver 
Oil. 
R. Cod liver oil, one fl. drachm. 
Red oxide of mercury, four grains. Simple cerate, two scruples. 
Mix. Cunier. 
R. Cod liver oil, three drachms. 
Extract of wood soot, two drachms. Citrine ointment, one drachm. 
Beef marrow, six ounces. 
Mix. Carron. 
In opacities of the cornea, and scrofulous 
ophthalmia. 
Compound Oil of Cod Liver. 
R. Cod liver oil, one fl. drachm. Walnut oil, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. A drop or two to be introduced between the eyelids, in opacities of the cornea. Radius. 
OLEUM OLIV^E. 
Olive Oil. 
The oil of the fruit, of Olea Europoea, a small tree, originally from Syria, but now extensively cultivated in the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 
Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Oleacetn. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 11. Griffith, Med. Bot. 442. Good olive oil is an unctuous fluid, of a pale yellow or greenish color; almost inodorous,and of a bland taste. It is principally used as an article of food, but is also employed in medicine as a demulcent, emollient, and laxative, and in the composition of liniments, ointments, &c. The dose, as a laxative, is about a 11. ounce. 
Olive Oil Mixture. R. Syrup of gum, four fl. ounces. Olive oil, half fl. ouuce. Mix. As a laxative. Radius. R. Olive oil, eight fl. ounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, two fl. drachms. Mix. Three tablespoonfuls, night and morning, as an anthelmintic. Ellis. R. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Solution carbonate of potassa, half fl. drachm. Miut water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Guy's HospU R. Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Water of carbonate of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Mint water, seven fl. ounces. Mix. Guy's Hospt. R. Olive oil mixture, eight fl. ounces. Manna, one ounce and a half. Mix. Dose, three tablespoonfuls as a laxative. St. Bart. Hospt. 
Mix. 
Olive Oil Clyster. 
R. Common salt, one tablespoonful. Olive oil, Molasses, each, two tablespoonfuls. Warm water, one pint. 
Mix. 
V. S. Dispells. 


331 
OLEUM RICINI. 
B. Manna, ¦ one ounce. 
Compound decoction of chamomile, ten fl. ouuces. 
Dissolve, and add 
Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Sulphate of magnesia half an ounce. 
Mix. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
OLEUM RICINI. 
Castor Oil. 
The oil of the seeds of Ricinns communis, a perennial tree in tropical countries, but an annual herbaceous plant, in temperate latitudes. The seeds are ovate, compressed, bean-like, of a greyish-ash color, marbled with reddishbi >wn, not unlike the dog-tick in appearance. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiaceie. Linn. Sp. PI. 1430. Griffith, Med. Bot. 599. The oil, which is generally obtained by expression, is a thick, viscous, colorless fluid, with a fiint, but unpleasant odor, and a mild, but nauseous taste, followed by a slight sensation of acridity. It is a mild, but prompt cathartic, acting rather as an evacuant than as an excitant of the alvinc secretions. The dose is about a fl ounce; for infants, from one to four fl. drachms. • Its disgusting taste is best disguised by mixing it with iroth of porter. 
Oleaginous Mixture. 
R. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Sugar, one drachm. 
Rub together with a little mint water, and add gradually, 
Castor oil, one ounce. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces. Triturate well. A tablespoonful, every hour or two hours, till it acts. Ellis. 
In some cases, as in dysentery, it is of benefit, to add thirty or forty drops of laudanum to the mixture. 
R. Castor oil, Mucilage of gum Arabic, Syrup of orgeat, each, two ounces. Water, ten fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Dose, as last. Beral 
R. Castor oil, one ounce. 
York of egg, one. 
Water of orange-peel, two fl. drachms. Water, two fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Radius. R. Castor oil, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Orange-flower water, half an ounce. 
half an ounce. 
Simple syrup, Water, 
two ounces. 
Make an emulsion. 
Cottereau. 
R. Castor oil, one ounce. 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. Water, two fl. ounces. Syrup, t one fl. ounce. 
Mix the yolk with a little water, add the oil gradually, rubbing briskly in a mortar, then add slowly the remainder of the waters and syrup. Codex. 
R. Castor oil, eleven drachms. Powdered tragacanth, half a drachm. White sugar, seventy-five grains. Water, two and a half fl. ounces. Syrup of orange-flowers, six fl. drachms. Triturate the tragacanth with the sugar; add the syrup, and rub well in a mortar, until the mucilage begins to thicken, then add the oil, and continue rubbing till it is homogeneous, adding the water gradually, during the process. Mann* 
Emulsion of Castor Oil Seed. R. Castor oil seed, half an ounce. 
Anise water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. 
Deprive; tile seed of their exterior coat, triturate them to a uniform pulp with a little water, and the sugar, and finally add the remainder of the water gradually, and strain through a coarse cloth. The seed arc more acrimonious than the oil, wherefore it is better to commence this preparation in small doses. Dose, a teaspoonful, to be gradually increased to a tablespoonful. W. Procter, Jr. 
Anthelmintic Emulsion. R. Castor oil, 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, one ounce. 
» 
Syrup of Corsica moss, Water of semen contra, " chamomile, each, two fl. ounces. Emulsion of sweet 
almonds, eight fl. ounces. Mix, and make an emulsion. As an anthelmintic. Dose, a fl. ounce. Beral. 
Castor Oil Clyster. 
R. Castor oil, one ounce and a half. Yolks of eggs, two. Infusion of chamomile, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Radius 


332 
OLEUM TEREBINTHINjE 
Mixture op Castor Oil and Ether. 
R. Castor oil, one ounce. 
Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Mix. A spoonful every two hours, advised as an anthelmintic, in cases of tape-worm. Radius. 
Bandoline. 
R. Castor oil, two ounces. 
Spermaceti, one drachm. 
Arnotta, half a drachm. Oil of bergamot, one drachm. Otto of roses, five drops. 
Mix, melt by a moderate heat, and strain. To stiffen, and keep hair in form. Redwood. 
OLEUM TEREBINTHINiE. 
Oil of Turpentine. 
This is usually known as Spirits of Turpentine, and is the volatile oil obtained from the turpentine afforded by several species of Pinus. It is limpid, colorless, of a strong, penetrating, peculiar odor, and of a warm, pungent, somewhat bitterish taste. It is stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and cathartic, and externally, rubefacient. 
Purtfied Oil of Turpentine. 
R. Oil of turpentine, eight parts. Alcohol, one part. 
Agitate together, and pour off the spirit, and repeat the process several times. Nimmo. 
Lotion for Chilblains. R. Oil of turpentine, fou 
Oil of turpentine, four parts. Sulphuric acid, one part 
Olive oil, ten parts 
Mix. To be applied to the affected part, night and morning. Gassicourt. 
Oil of Turpentine and Honey. R. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Honey, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful night and morning, in warm tea. In sciatica. Ellis. 
Lotion for Toothache. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. drachm and a half. Oil of cloves, Oil of cajeput, each, half a fl. drachm. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Opium, two scruples. To be well rubbed together. A 8 an application to the face, in cases of toothache. Beasley. 
Turpentine Mixture. R. Oil of turpen- 
tine, one hundred and twenty drops. Powdered gum Arabic, " sugar, each, two drachms. Laudanum, sixty drops. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Mint water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in low forms of fever, &.c. Ellis. 
Vermifuge Emulsion. 
R. Oil of turpentine, six fl. drachms. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Chamomile water, six fl. ounces. Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning, in cases of tapeworm. Radius. 
Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, " sugar, each, two drachms. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours till it operates. An active purgative. Frank. R. Oil of turpentine, three fl. drachms. Yolks of eggs, two. Syrup of mint, two fl. ounces. " orange flowers, Ether, each, one fl. ounce. Tincture of cin- 
namon, half a fl. drachm. Mix. A spoonful, three times a-day, in neuralgia and rheumatism. Foy. R. Oil of turpeutine, one fl. ounce. Yolk of egg, one. Triturate together, and add, gradually, 
Emulsion of almonds, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange, two fl. ounces. Compound spirit of lavender, four fl. drachms. 
Oil of cinnamon, four drops. One fl. ounce, three times a-day, advised as a purge in iritis. Carmichael 
Spirit op Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Honey, Oil of turpentine, Ammoniated tincture of 
guaiacum, each, two drachms Oil of cloves, " lemon, each, three drops. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, twice or three times a-day in sciatica and lumbago. Copland 


333 
OLEUM TIGLII. 
-4- 
Turpentine Clyster. R. Oil of turpen- 
tine, one fl. ounce and a half. Yolk of egg, one. 
Tepid infusion of flaxseed, one pint. Mix. Ellis. R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. Yolk of egg, one. 
Decoction of barley, nineteen fl. ounces. 
Lond. Ph. 
Turpentine and Ether. R. Oil of turpentine, 
Sulphuric ether, equal parts. Mix. Dose, twenty to forty drops, in honey or syrup, in biliary calculi, and as an external application in rheumatism. Cottereau. 
Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpeutine, " olives, each, two fl. ounces. Tincture of camphor, one fl. ounce. Water of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Mix. As an external rubefacient. Ellis. 
R. Soft soap, two ounces. Camphor, one ounce. 
Oil of turpentine, sixteen fl. ounces. Wix. A powerful rubefacient. Lond. Ph. R. Oil of turpentine, half a pint. Resin cerate, one pound. Melt the cerate, and add the turpentine. U. S. Ph. 
This is known as Kentish's ointment, and is much used as an application to burns and scalds. 
Acetic Turpentine Liniment. 
R. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. Acetic acid, five fl. drachms. Rose water, two and a half fl. ounces. Essence of lemon, four fl. scruples. Yolk of egg, one. Mix. As an external embrocation and liniment in phthisis. Stokes. 
Sulphuric Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine, three fl. ounces. Sulphuric acid, one fl. drachm. Olive oil, three fl. ounces. Mix. Brodie. 
Opiated Turpentine Liniment. R. Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. " chamomile, two fl. ounces. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion in neuralgia. Recamier. 
Starkey's Soap. 
R. Dry carbonate of potassa, Oil of turpeutine, Turpentine, equal parts. 
Mix the potassa with the oil, then add the turpentine, and triturate till the mixture is of the consistence of honey. Used in dropsy, and in gonorrhoea. Dose, eight to ten grains. Guibourt 
Diuretic Wine. 
R. Oil of turpentine, two fl. drachms. Lemon juice, ** one fl. ounce. Wine, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. For a single dose. Pierquin. 
OLEUM TIGLII. 
Croton Oil. 
This oil is procured, for the most part, from the seed of the Croton tiglium, but also from those of two or three other species. They are all natives of India, and the adjoining parts of Asia. The C. tiglium is a moderate-sized shrub, bearing a somewhat triangular nut, containing three ovoid seeds, of a reddish-brown color, having an oleaginous kernel, which affords,on pressure, the oil in question. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiaccas. Linn. Sp ; PI. 142G. Griffith, Med. Bot. 597. The oil, when pure and fresh, is nearly colorless, or yellowish; but when kept for some time, becomes of a reddish-brown or orange color. It has a faint, but peculiar smell, and an acrid and hot taste. It is a powerful hydragogue purgative, and has been much used in dropsy, apoplexy, and visceral obstructions; when applied externally, it causes irritation and inflammation of the skin, followed by a pustular eruption; and has been successfully em ployed in rheumatism, neuralgia, and bronchial and pulmonary affections. Dose for an adult, one to two drops. 
Bolus of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, one drop. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Syrup of orange flowers, suflicient. 
Mix, and make four boluses. Two to four to be taken in the morning. Foy. 
Pills of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, six drops* Soap, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, eight drops Powdered liquorice root, sufficient Mix, and make twelve pills. Dose, one or more Reect. 


334 
OLEUM TIGLII. 
R. Croton oil, six drops. Pills of aloes and myrrh, one drachm and a half. Soap, • one scruple. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, two to three, or more. Copland. R. Croton oil, one drop. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. One, every hour, until they operate. Ellis. R. Croton oil, . two drops. Soap, two grains. Gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make four pills. Foy. 
Compound Croton Oil Pills. R. Powdered scammony, 
Powdered aloes, each, sixty-four parts. Croton oil, three parts. Alcohol, four parts. 
Dissolve the oil in the alcohol; add the solution, gradually, to a mixture of the powders, and beat into a mass. Divide into pills of five grains. One to three, for children of fourteen years of age; three to five, for adults. Beral. 
Pills of Croton Oil and Quinia. R. Croton oil soap, three grains. Sulphate of quinia, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. One for a dose. Caventou. 
Pills op Croton Oil and Blue Mass. 
R. Croton oil soap, three grains. Extract of henbane, Blue mass, each, twenty-four grains. Oil of pimento, twelve minims. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Two at bedtime. 
Neligan. 
Lozenges of Croton Oil. 
R. Vanilla chocolate, two drachms. Sugar, one drachm. 
Starch, one scruple. Croton oil, five drops. 
Mix, and make thirty lozenges. Soubeiran. 
Soap op Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, two parts. Solution of caustic soda, one part. 
Mix; put into paper moulds; in a few days, slice, and keep in well-stopped bottles. Dose, one to three grains, in pills. Foy. 
Tincture op Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, sixteen 
Croton oil, sixteen drops. Alcohol, one ounce. 
Macerate for six or eight days, and filter. Dose, fifteen to twenty-five drops. Soubeiran. 
R. Croton oil, four drops. Tincture of myrrh, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. digest, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. Bateman. 
R. Croton oil, eight drops. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Mix, digest, and filter. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Nimmo. 
Emulsion op Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, three drops. Almond oil, alf a fl. ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Triturate well, and gradually add 
• Syrup of orange flowers, one fl. ounce. Chamomile water, five fl. ounces. 
A tablespoonful every two hours, till it operates. Phoebus. 
R. Croton oil, one drop. Yolk of egg, two drachms. Orange-flower water, Mint water, each, one ounce. Make an emulsion. Foy. 
Mixture op Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, one or two drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, until it operates. Ellis. 
R. Croton oil, two drops. White sugar, two drachms. Gum Arabic, half a drachm. Tincture of cardamom, half a fl. drachm. 
Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, two dessertspoonfuls every three or four hours. As it is agreeable to the taste, it is suited for children, but in smaller doses. 
Beral. 
R. Tincture of croton oil, twenty-five drops. Mucilage of gum Arabic, one drachm. Water, one ounce. 
Mix. In the morning, fasting. Foy. 
Saponaceous Solution op Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, eight drops. Potassa, six grains. Distilled water, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. From three to six drops maybe given for a dose. Ellis. 


335 
OPIUM 
Liniment op Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, one fl. ( 
one fl. ounce. 
Oil of turpentine, seven fl. ounces. Mix with agitation. Dub. Ph. 
Dub. Ph. 
R. Croton oil, one part. Olive oil, five parts. 
Mix. Pereira. 
R. Croton oil, one fl. drachm. 
Oil of turpentine, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Corrigan. 
R. Croton oil, four drops. 
Carbonate of soda, ten grains. Spirit of mint, half an ounce. 
In friction, in rheumatism. Foy. 
R. Croton oil, Solution of potassa, each, half fl. ounce. Mix, and agitate. 
R. The above solution, thirty minims. Rose water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix.- To be used twice a-day, till pustules appear. J. Allen. 
Embrocation of Croton Oil. 
R. Croton oil, twenty minims. Tartar emetic, one scruple. Solution of potassa, one fl. drachm. Water, eight fl. drachms. 
Mix. To keep up a mild eruption on the skin. Morris. 
Cerate of Croton Oil. 
R. Lard, two and a half parts. Wax, half a part. Melt together, and when nearly cold, mix with them Croton oil, one part. Caventou. R. Soap cerate, four parts. Melt, and when semifluid, add Croton oil, one part. 
Beasley. 
Plaster op Croton Oil. R. Lead plaster, four parts. Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil, one part. Spread on linen for an adhesive and irritating plaster. Bouchardat. R. Lead plaster, eight parts. Melt, and when nearly cold, add Croton oil, twenty parts. To be spread as above. A very active counter irritant. Bouchardat. 
Ointment of Croton Oil. R. Croton oil, ten mi 
ten minims. 
Lard, half an ounce. 
Mix. Ainslie. 
OPIUM. 
Opium. 
Opium is the inspissated juice jf the unripe capsules of the Papaver somniferum, anu presents many varieties, as the Turkey or Smyrna, .he East Indian or Bengal, the "Egyptian, &c.; of which the first is the best, and affords the largest proportion of morphia. Opium contains various peculiar principles, several of which are officinal, and are treated of under their respective titles. Turkey opium is in flattened, rounded masses, of half a pound to two pounds in weight, covered externally with the seed-vessels of some species of dock. The texture is soft; the color is pale brown ; the odor is strong and narcotic, and the taste bitter and acrid. 
Opium is stimulant, in small and repeated doses, narcotic in large ; and also antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, and anodyne. It is used to fulfil a variety of indications; to procure sleep, to lull pain, to check morbid t/ischarges to alleviate cough, &c. The medium dose it one grain, but in spasm, &c.,it is given in niucl larger doses. 
Extract of Opium. (Aqueous.) R. Opium, one pound. Water, five pints. Cut the opium into small fragments, macerate it for twenty-four hours in a pint of water, break the pieces down with the hand, and express ; add another pint of water to the residuum, macerate for twenty-four hours, and again express; repeat this process till all the water has been used. Filter the several infusions, unite them, and evaporate on a water-bath to due consistence. U. S. Ph 
Dose, half a grain. 
Extract of Opium. (Aqueo-Alcoholic.) 
R. Opium, one part. Alcohol, * . four parts. 
Cut the opium in small pieces, and digest it in the alcohol for two days, at a gentle heat; express, and treat the residue with four parts of warm water; express, unite the solutions, and evaporate to due consistence. Taddei. 
Extract of Opium. (Acetous.) R. Opium, ;ne ounc 
;ne ounce 
Distilled vinegar, 
two pints. 


336 
OPIUM. 
Cut the opium into small pieces, digest in the vinegar for two days, on a sand-bath, stirring from time to time, decant, filter, and evaporate to due consistence. Soubeiran. 
Extract of Opium. (Alcoholic.) R. Opium, at will. Alcohol, sufficient. Reduce the opium to small pieces, digest in the alcohol in a closed vessel, by a gentle heat, often stirring, filter, and distil off the alcohol, till the residue is of due consistence. 
Antwerp Ph. 
Extract of Opium. (Vinous.) R. Opium, one part. White wine, four parts. Reduce the opium to small pieces, macerate it in the wine for twenty-four hours, occasionally stirring; express. Macerate the residue in two more parts of wine, and express; unite the solutions, and evaporate to proper consistence. Par. Cod. 
Extract of Opium. (Denarcotized.) R. Aqueous extract of opium, at will. Rub it with a little water, put it in a flask, add sulphuric ether, agitate, and decant; repeat the process with other portions of ether, as long as anything is taken up,and evaporate the residuum to a pilular consistence. Kobiquet. R. Aqueous extract of opium, four parts. Resin, one part. Beat together, and add 
Roiling water, sixteen parts. 
Boil till reduced one-half, add as much cold water as has been boiled away, filter, and evaporate. Limousin — Lamothe. 
Extract of Opium. (By Fermentation.) 
R. Opium, one part. Water, eight parts. 
Mix, and add 
Yeast, sufficient. Let ferment for a week, at a temperature of f>8° to 70°; then dilute with water, filter, boil till all vinous odor is dissipated, and evaporate to proper consistence. Deyeux. R. Opium, two ounces. Dissolve in a mixture of 
Quince juice, Water, each, sixty ounces 
Digest for some days, with a gentle heat, strain, ind add 
White sugar, four ounces. Jiet ferment for a month, stirring from time to time, then strain, and evaporate. Langolst. 
Extract of Otium. (Roasted.) R. Powdered opium, one part. Heat it on a flat dish, over a moderate fire, constantly stirring, as long as fumes are given off. Treat it twice with six times its weight of cold water, filter, and evaporate. Guibourt. 
The last three forms of Extract, whilst containing the full proportion of morphine, are deprived of the irritating and virose principles of opium. 
Elixir of Opium. 
R. Opium, ten drachms. Water, sufficient. Alcohol, (95 p. ct.,) four fl. ounces. 
Reduce the opium to a thin pulp with water, let it stand in a cool place for two days, transfer to a glass funnel containing filtering paper, add a superstratum of water equivalent to the bulk of the whole mass, and filter twelve fl. ounces of the solution, to which add the alcohol. 
E. Dupuy. 
R. Powdered opium, ten drachms. Ether, Alcohol, each, four fl. ounces. Water, sufficient. 
Macerate the opium in half a pint of water for two days, and express; macerate the dregs twice, successively, in six fl. ounces of water; mix, and strain the liquors; evaporate to two fl. ounces, and agitate several times with the ether. Separate the ether by a funnel, evaporate the solution of opium to dryness, dissolve the extract in half a pint of water, place on a filter, add sufficient water to make twelve fl. ounces, filter, and add the alcohol. W. Procter, Jr. 
These elixirs arc about the same strength as laudanum. Dose, twenty-five drops. 
Compound Powder of Opium and Chalk. 
R. Powdered opium, six grains. " cinnamon, one drachm. u long pepper, eight grains. Prepared chalk, one drachm and a half. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, three or four times a-duy. In diarrhoea. Ellis. 
Powder of Roasted Opium. 
R. Powdered opium, at will. Put it in a flat dish ; moisten it with white wine, expose to a moderate heat, constantly stirring tijl it is perfectly dry ; repeat the operation till the opium is one-half reduced, moisten with vinegar, and rub into paste ; dry, and pulverize. As an astringent in hemorrhages and mucous discharges, in doses of one or two grains, with some bitter extract. Giordano. 


337 
OPIUM 
Powder of Opium, Camphor, &c. 
R. Powdered opium, ten grains. " camphor, two scruples. Carbonate of ammonia, four scruples. Starch, fifteen grains. Mix, and make eight powders. One, every hour or two, as an antispasmodic. Swediaur. 
Powder of Opium and Nitre. R. Powdered opium, four grains. " nitre, Sugar of milk, each, one drachm and a half. 
Mix, and make six powders. As an antispasmodic. Phoebus. 
Powder of Opium and Sulphur. R. Powdered opium, 
" camphor, each, two grains. " sulphur, u sugar, each, half a drachm. 
Mix, and make four powders. One, every three hours, in lead colic. Hildebrand. 
Powder of Opium and Musk. 
R. Powdered opium, two grains. Musk, five grains. Magnesia, four grains. Sugar of milk, ten graius. 
Mix. To be taken every two to four hours, in delirium tremens. Vogt. 
Powder op Opium and Antimony. 
R. Dover's powder, James's powder, each, four grains. 
Mix. To be taken every four hours, in obstinate rheumatic pains. Brera, 
Pills op Opium. R. Powdered opium, one drachm. Soap, twelve grains. Beat into a mass with water, and divide into sixty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Pills op Opium, Henbane, and Hemlock. 
R. Powdered opium, four grains. Extract of henbane, ** hemlock, each, fifteen 
grains. 
Mix, and divide into ten pills. One at night, when an anodyne is required. Ellis. 
22 
Pills of Opium and Sulphuret op Antimony. 
R. Extract of opium, , ten grains. Precip. sulphuret of antimony, twelve grains. Nitrate of potassa, twenty-four grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. One at bedtime, to cause perspiration, and to ease pain in rheumatism. Recamier. 
Pills of Opium and Foxglove. R. Powdered opium, 
" foxglove, each, six grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every four hours, in asthma, &c. Ellis. 
Aromatic Pills of Opium. R. Extract of opium, Saffron, , Tl 3 ' j . each, one Powdered cinnamon, y ', , 7 ' drachm. " nutmeg, " cardamom, Syrup of orange flowers, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of three grains. Known as Oriental Pills, and considered to be aphrodisiac. One to three, at bedtime. Cadet. 
Pills of Opium and Camphor. 
R. Extract of opium, three grains. Camphor, six grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six pills. One to three a-day, as an anodyne, and antispasmodic. Fay. 
Pills of Opium and Butter of Cacao. 
R. Butter of cacao, Powdered gum Arabic, each, forty-eight grains. Extract of opium, twelve grains. Syrup of ipecacuanha, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of five gra ins. One in the evening, as an anodyne and expectorant. Petit 
Pills of Opium and Musk. 
R. Extract of opium, twelve grains. u valerian, Musk, each, twenty-four grains 
Mix, and make sixteen pills. One, then two, then three a-day, in hysteria. Foy. 


338 
OPIUM, 
Pills op Opium and Sulphate op Zinc. 
R. Extract of opium, one grain. Sulphate of zinc, four grains. Syrup of gum, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four pills. Two a-day, in painful mucous discharges from the urethra or vagina. Foy. 
Pills op Opium, Hemlock, and Calomel. 
R. Extract of opium, eighteen grains. " hemlock, one drachm. Calomel, thirty-six grains. Syrup of mallow, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Two to six a-day, as an alterative and sedative, in organic affections. • Foy. 
R. Opium, four grains. Calomel, six grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Extract of hemlock, one scruple. 
Mix, and make eight pills; two to be taken at bedtime, in rheumatic pains. Brande. 
Pills of Opium and Acetate of Lead. 
R. Extract of opium, one grain. Acetate of lead, four grains. Powdered henbane, eight grains. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, morning and evening, in epilepsy. Recamier. R. Acetate of lead, twenty-four grains. Powdered opium, three grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One every three hours, in hemorrhages, dysentery, and cholera. Chapman. 
Pills of Opium and Acetate of Mercury. 
R- Extract of opium, Acetate of mercury, Camphor, each, twelve grains. Syrup of poppies, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. One, morning and evening, in syphilis. Carmichael. 
Pills of Opium, Nitrate op Silver, &c. 
R. Extract of opium, seventy-two grains. Nitrate of silver, six grains. Musk, forty-eight grains. Camphor, ninety-six grains. 
Mix, and make ninety-six pills. One, morning and evening, gradually increasing the dose, in epilepsy, paralysis, 1 dec. Foy. 
Pills op Opium, Castor, &o. 
R. Opium, half a grain. Castor, six and a half grains. Powdered digitalis, one grain. Syrup, sufficient. 
Make two pills. One to be taken twice or thrice a-day. In spasmodic asthma and dyspnoea. A. T. Thomson. 
A. T. Thomson. 
Pills op Opium and Liquorice. R. Powdered opium, ten grains. Extract of liquorice, one drachm. 
Mix, and make eighty pills. One, occasionally, as an expectorant. Wirt. Fh. 
Confection of Opium. R. Powdered opium, four drachms and 
a half. 
Aromatic powder, six ounces. 
Clarified honey, fourteen ounces. Rub the opium with the aromatic powder, add the honey, and beat together till thoroughly mixed. U. S. Fh. 
As a stimulant narcotic, in atonic gout, flatulent colic, &c. It contains one grain of opium in thirty-six grains of the mass. 
R. Powdered catechu, four ounces. " kino, three ounces. " nutmeg, " cinnamon, each, one ounce. Opium, dissolved in wine, one drachm and a half. Syrup of red roses, 
twenty-seven ounces. 
Mix. Each drachm contains rather less than half a grain of opium. Soubeiran. 
Anti-Odontalgic Mass. R. Opium, two grains. White wax, two drachms. Mastich, one drachm. Oil of almonds, three drachms. " cloves, twelve drops. Cochineal, eight grains. Rub into a uniform mass. To fill carious teeth. Clarus. R. Opium, five grains. Oil of cloves, three drops. Extract of henbane, five grains. " belladonna, ten grains. Powdered pellitory, sufficient. Mix, and make a consistent mass. Used as above. Rust. 


339 
OPIUM 
» 
Balsam for the Toothache. 
R. Opium, one scruple. 
Oil of turpentine, one drachm and a half. 
Oil of cloves, " cajeput, each, half a drachm. Balsam of Peru, two drachms. Mix. Beasley. 
R. Opium, Camphor, each, two scruples. 
Dissolve in a little alcohol, and add 
one drachm. 
Oil of cloves, 
" nutmeg, six drachms. Guaiacum, two drachms. 
Mix. Van Mons. 
Toothache Drops 
R. Opium, Camphor, each, ten grains. Alcohol, sufficient. Oil of cloves, " cajeput, each, one drachm. 
Mix. Copland. 
Antidysenteric Opiate. 
R. Purified opium, four grains. Ipecacuanha, half a drachm. Tormentilla, one drachm. Syrup of whortleberries, Conserve of red roses, each, six drachms. Mix. Dose, one drachm, every hour. Quarin. 
Plaster op Opium. R. Powdered opium, two ounces. Burgundy pitch, three ounces. Lead plaster, one pound. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Melt together the pitch and plaster; then add the opium mixed with the water, and boil to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. As an application in rheumatic and other pains 
Plaster op Opium and Camphor. R. Powdered opium, 
" camphor, " soap, each, one drachm. Laudanum, sufficient 
to make a plaster. Ellis. 
R. Opium, Camphor, each, half a drachm. Lead plaster, sufficient. 
Melt and mix. For local pains. Paris. 
R. Opium, one drachm. Simple plaster, two ounces. Galbanum, one ounce. 
Oil of caraway, two drachms. 
Melt the last three ingredients, and add the opium. As an application to the abdomen, in flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and dysentery. Swediaur. 
Liniment op Opium. R. Castile soap, six ounces. Opium, one ounce and a half. Camphor, three ounces. Oil of rosemary, six fl. drachms. Rectified spirit, (Imp-) two pints. Macerate the soap and opium in the spirit tor three days; filter; add the oil and camphor, and agitate briskly. Ed. Ph. As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, sprains, &c. 
Liniment op Opium and Oil op Chamomile. 
R. Opium, Oil of chamomile, each, half a drachm. " almonds, two drachms. 
Mix. As a friction around the eyes, in spasm of the eyelids. Wetter. 
Anti-Otitic Mixture. 
R. Opium, four grains. Saffron, ten grains. Myrrh, half a drachm. 
Juice of mallow, half an ounce. Oil of almonds, two ounces. 
Triturate well together, and strain. As an injection into the ear, in pain in that organ. Pierquin. 
Anodyne Ointment. R. Opium, Saffron, each, one scruple. Yolk of egg, one. Poplar ointment, Acetate of lead ointment, each, one ounce. Mix. As an application to painful hemorrhoids. Fulda Ph. R. Powdered opium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. Rub together. Lond. Ph. R. Syrup of opium, one ounce. Lard, three ounces. Essence of roses, four drops. Mix. For chapped lips. Pierquin 


340 
OPIUM. 
» 
R. Opium, half a drachm. Extract of hemlock, one drachm. Basilicon ointment, half an ounce. 
Mix. As an application to gangrenous ulcers. Carus. 
R. Opium, ten grains. Alum, fifteen grains. Lard, half an ounce. Mix. In the treatment of ulcerated, atonic buboes. Si?non. 
Ointment of Opium and Tar. R. Powdered opium, two drachms. Tar ointment, one ounce. Mix. As an application to hemorrhoids. EUis. 
Cerate op Opium. R. Opium, half a drachm. Yolk of egg, one. Mix well, and add Simple cerate, one ounce. Triturate well together. Lagneuu. 
one. 
Syrup of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one part. Water, sixteen parts. Syrup, five hundred parts. Dissolve the opium in the water, filter, add it to the syrup, heated to boiling, and strain. Par. Cod. 
Succinated Syrup of Opium. R. Syrup of opium, one ounce. Spirit of amber, two grains. Mix. Soubciran. 
Anodyne Collyrium. R. Extract of opium, ten grains. Camphor, six grains. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub the opium and camphor together, and add the water, and strain. Ellis. R. Extract of opium, four grains. Rose water, four ounces. Dissolve, and strain. Par. Cod. 
Opium Fomentation. R. Extract of opium, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Dissolve, and strain. As a fomentation in pruriginous affections. Radius. 
Injection of Opium. R. Opium, twelve grains. Solution of subacetate of lead, twelve drops. 
Water, nine ounces. Mix. As an injection in gonorrhoea. Girtenner. R. Extract of opium, six grains. " belladonna, one drachm and a half. Decoction of wild lettuce, one pound. Dissolve. As an injection in neuralgia, and hemorrhage of the urethra and vagina. Foy. R. Extract of opium, one and a half grains. Distilled water, five fl. drachms. Dissolve. As an injection in coryza, and other inflammations of the nasal, mucous membrane. Descluvmps, He directs one nostril to be closed by the finger, and the liquid to be drawn up into the other, &.c. 
Clyster of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, half fl. ounce. Tepid milk, two fl. ounces. Mix. Ellis. R. Flaxseed, one ounce. Boiling water, six ounces. Infuse for an hour, strain, and add Extract of opium, two grains. Dissolve. Spielmanru 
Suppository of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two grains. Soap, four grains. Mix. Ellit. 
Linctus with Opium. R. Extract of opium, one grain. " Peruvian bark, four grains. Camphor, six grains. Sugar, one drachm. White linctus, four ounces. Mix. In bronchitis, when the cough is violent. Foy. 
Mixture op Opium and Syrup of Poppies. . R. Opium, two to three grains. Syrup of poppies, one ounce. Chamomile water, six ounces. Mix. A spoonful every half hour, in dysentery. Swediaur 
Mixture op Opium and Lime Water. R. Extract of opium, one grain. Lime water, Oil of almonds, each, three fl. drachms. Mix. For the treatment of sore nipples, to be applied on dossils of lint. Sibergundi, 


341 
OPIUM 
Mixture op Opium and Cinnamon Water. 
R. Powdered opium, ten grains. Sugar, one drachm. Cinnamon water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours, in tetanus and colica pictonum. Ellis. 
Water of Opium. R. Opium, in small pieces, one pound. - Water, six pounds. Macerate for forty-eight hours, and distil one pound. It is given in the dose of one drachm, in syrup. Foy. 
Muriate op Opium. R. Powdered opium, one ounce. Muriatic acid, one ounce. Distilled water, twenty ounces. Mix, and shake the mixture, frequently, for fourteen days, strain, and filter. Dose, from twenty to forty drops. Said not to cause headache. Nichol. 
Vinegar of Opium. Black Drop. R. Powdered opium, eight ounces. Coarsely-powdered nutmeg, one ounce and a half. 
Saffron, half an ounce. Sugar, twelve ounces. Diluted acetic acid, sufficient. 
Digest the opium, nutmeg, and saffron, with a pint and a half of diluted acetic acid, on a sandbath, with a gentle heat, for forty-eight hours, and strain. Digest the residue with an equal quantity of diluted acetic acid, in the same manner, for twenty-four hours. Put the whole into a displacement apparatus, and return the filtered liquor as it passes, until it comes away clear. When the filtration has ceased, pour diluted acetic acid gradually on the residue in the filter, until the whole quantity of filtered liquor amounts to three pints. Lastly, add the sugar, and, by means of a water-bath, evaporate to three pints and four fl. ounces. U. S. Fh. Dose, about six minims or ten drops, which are nearly equivalent to one grain of opium. R. Opium, two ounces. Nutmegs, grated, three drachms. Saffron, one drachm. Distilled vinegar, one pound. 
Boil together for a quarter of an hour, then add an ounce of sugar, and half an ounce of yeast; let this mixture ferment for six weeks, strain, and evaporate to four fl. ounces. (Sp.gr. 1.2.) One ounce is equivalent to half an ounce of opium. Dose, one or two drops. 
Cod. Hamb., K45. 
Lancaster Black Drop. R. Opium, half a pound. Verjuice, three pints. Bruised nutmeg, one ounce and a half. Saffron, half an ounce Boil to a proper consistence; add two ounces o, yeast, and let stand in a warm place for six or eight weeks, and then in the open air till of the consistence of syrup, then decant, filter, and bottle; adding a little sugar to each bottle. Dose, six to ten drops. Armstrong. 
Houlton's Black Drop. R. Opium, two ounces and a half. Diluted acetic acid, thirty-two ounces. Digest for six days with a gentle heat, filter, and evaporate to an extract; macerate in Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces, Distilled water, thirty-five ounces, for eight days, and filter. Beasley. About the strength of laudanum. 
Guy's Hospital Black Drop. R. Powdered opium, eight ounces, Juice of crab apples, two pints, Boil gently for half an hour, decant, and boil residue with one pint more of the juice, for a quarter of an hour; express, and strain; mix the two liquors, and add Bruised nutmeg, one ounce. Saffron, half an ounce. Yeast, half a fl. ounce. Ferment for some days; macerate for fourteen days; filter, and evaporate by a water-bath to consistence of thin syrup. Dose, two to ten minims. Beasley. 
Rousseau's Black Drop. R. Opium, four ounces. Honey, twelve ounces. Hot water, five pounds. Yeast, two drachms. Dissolve the opium and honey separately in the hot water, mix, and add the yeast; keep at about 86° F. for a month ; express; filter, distil off sixteen ounces, and evaporate residue to ten ounces; add to it four and a half ounces of strong spirit; mix, and filter. Seven drops are equivalent to one grain of opium. Beasley. 
Porter's Black Drop. R. Opium, four ounces. Citric acid, two ounces Beat together in a mortar, and add Boiling distilled water, one pint. Triturate well together, let stand for twenty four hours, and filter. Dose, from six to twentyfour drops. Redwood. 


342 
OPIUM. 
Acetated Tincture of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two ounces. Vinegar, twelve fl. ounces. -Alcohol, half a pint. Rub the opium with the vinegar, then add the alcohol,'macerate for fourteen days, express, and fitter through paper. Dose, ten minims or twenty drops, which are equivalent to a grain of opium. U. S. Fh. 
Mixture with Black Drop. R Houlton's black drop, ten drops. Spirit of nitric ether, half a drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. To be taken at once. Foy. 
Sedative Mixture. R. Opium, two grains. Distilled vinegar, half an ounce. Plantain water, six ounces. Syrup of white poppy, one ounce. Mix, and filter. In spoonful doses, in hcemoptysis with spasms. Pierquin. 
Wine of Opium. R. Powdered opium, two ounces. Bruised cinnamon, " cloves, each, one drachm. Sherry wine, one pint. Macerate for fourteen days, agitating occasionally, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, about twenty drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. R. Extract of opium, two ounces. Cinnamon water, ten ounces. Alcohol, two ounces. White wine, four ounces. Mix, and macerate for four days, and filter. Brugnatelli. Much stronger than the last. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. R. Acetous extract of opium, six drachms. Sherry wine, ten ounces. Brandy, two ounces. Mix; macerate for four days, and filter; each drachm contains four grains of opium. Lalouette. 
Laudanum of Sydenham. R. Opium, two ounces. Saffron, one ounce. Bruised cinnamon, " cloves, each, one drachm. Sherry wine, one pint. Infuse them together in a bath-heat for two or three days, till the tincture becomes of a due consistence, and after straining it ofF, set it by for use. Dose, sixteen or eighteen drops. Rush's Sydenham, p. 155. 
COLLYRIUM OF WlNE OF OPIUM. R. Decoction of flaxseed, four ounces. Saffron, one drachm. Wine of opium, one drachm. Macerate the saffron in the flaxseed decoction strain, and add the wine of opium. Foy. R. Acetate of copper, three grains. Dissolve in Rose water, eight fl. ounces; and add, Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. In chronic ophthalmia. Foy. 
Fomentation op Wine op Opium. R. Opium, one ounce. Wine, two pints. Boil down to one pint. As an anodyne application, in gouty and rheumatic pains, &.c. \ • Pierquin. 
Odontalgic Drops. R. Wine of opium, Hoffmann's anodyne, Oil of peppermint, equal parts. Mix. In frictions'on the cheek, and applied to carious teeth, on cotton. Dobberan. 
Mixture of Wine op Opium. R. Wine of opium, ten drops. Cinnamon water, one ounce. Balm water, two ounces. Tincture of castor, twenty drops. Syrup of opium, half an ounce. Mix. In spoonful doses, in uterine colic. Augustin. R. Cascarilla, Columbo, each, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain seven ounces of strained infusion. Add to this Wine of opium, Sulphuric ether, each, twenty drops. To be taken by degrees, in chronic diarrhoea. Brera. 
Tincture of Opium. Laudanum. R. Opium, powdered, two ounces and a half. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, thirteen minims or twenty-five drops, equivalent to a grain of opium. 



343 
OPIUM 

Battley's Sedative Drops. R. Hard extract of opium, three ounces. Boiling distilled water, thirty ounces. Dissolve, filter, when cold, and add Rectified spirit, six ounces, and water sufficient to make up two pints. Cooley. Dose, twenty drops. 
Smith's Concentrated Laudanum. R. Denarcotized opium, four ounces. Dissolve in alcohol, filter, evaporate to consistence of an extract, redissolve in water, and evaporate the filtered solution to twelve ounces; add Rectified spirit, twenty-two drachms. Distilled water, sufficient to make up sixteen ounces. Dose, three to five drops. Beasley. 
Compound Tincture op Opium. R. Extract of liquorice, Opium, each, half an ounce. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Water, three pints. Boil down to one pint, filter, and evaporate to twelve ounces ; then add Spirit of pimento, five fl. ounces. Powdered cochineal, half a drachm. Let rest for some time, and filter. Med. Chirurg. Rev. 
Ammoniated Tincture op Opium. R. Benzoic acid, Chopped saffron, each, six drachms. Sliced opium, half an ounce. Oil of anise, one drachm. Spirit of .ammonia, (Imp.) two pints. Digest for seven days, and filter. Ed. Ph. Also called Scotch Paregoric. Eighty minims should contain one grain of opium. 
Camphorated Tincture of Opium. Paregoric. R. Powdered opium, Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. Oil of anise, one fl. drachm. Clarified honey, two ounces. Camphor, two scruples. Diluted alcohol, . *• two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. U. S. Ph. Half a fl. ounce contains rather less than a grain of opium. Dose, for an infant, five to twenty drops; for an adult, one to two fl. druchms. 
Bateman's Pectoral Drops. R. Diluted alcohol, four gallons. Rasped red saunders, two ounces. Digest for twenty-four hours, filter, and add Powdered opium, " catechu, Camphor, each, two ounces. Oil of anise, four fl. drachms. Digest for ten days. About as strong as camphorated tincture of opium, or two grains of opium to the fl. ounce. Phil. Coll. Pharm. 
Godfrey's Cordial. R. Tincture of opium, one pint and a half. Sugar-house molasses, sixteenpiuts. Alcohol, two pints. Water, twenty-six pints. Carbonate of potassa, two ounces and a half. Oil of sassafras, four fl. drachms. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the water; add the molasses; heat over a gentle fire, till they simmer ; remove the scum ; add the laudanum and oil of sassafras, previously mixed togctlicr. Phil. Coll. Pharm. Contains rather more than one grain of opium to the 11. ounce. 
Compound Pills op Soap. R. Powdered opium, half an ounce. Soap, two ounces. Beat with water into a pilular mass. Dose three to five grains. U. S. Ph Tincture of Opium and Soap. R. Opium, half an ounce. Soap, two ounces. Alcohol, sixteen ounces. Digest for three days on a water-bath, filter, and dissolve in the liquor Camphor, six drachms. Oil of rosemary, one drachm. Principally used in frictions, in pains in the limbs, &.C., but also given internally, in doses of thirty to fifty drops, in wine. Turin Ph 
Succinated Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, forty grains. Camphor, Amber, each, half a drachm Alcohol, six ounces Digest for four days on a water-bath, and filter As a friction in spasmodic attacks. Dumas 


i 
344 
OPIUM. 
Swediaur's Tincture of Opium. R. Extract of opium, one drachm. Distilled water, four drachms. 
Alcohol, half a drachm. 
Dissolve, and filter. Five drops are equivalent to a grain of opium. Swediaur. 
Warner's Tincture of Opium. R. Opium, 
Soap, each, six drachms. 
Nutmeg, one drachm. 
Camphor, four drachms. 
Saffron, forty grains. Spirit of ammonia, nine ounces. 
Digest for ten days, agitating occasionally, then filter. Fan Mons. 
Lettsom's Elixir. 
R. Opium, Benzoic acid, Saffron, each, two drachms. Camphor, four scruples. Oil of anise, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, Balsam of tolu, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, two pounds. 
Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, five to twenty drops, in hooping-cough. Augustin. 
Clyster of Laudanum. 
R. Tincture of opium, half a drachm. Infusion of flax- 
seed, two to four fl. ounces. Mix. EUis. 
R. Decoction of starch, four fl. ounces. Tincture of opium, thirty minims. 
Mix. In obstinate vomiting, strangury from blisters, painful affections of the genito-urinary apparatus, tenesmus, &c. Lond. Ph. 
Clyster of Laudanum and Valerian. R. Tincture of opium, five to six drops. Infusion of valerian, three ounces. Mix, in spasms, in children. Swediaur. 
Opiate Liniment. R. Olive oil, two fl. ounces. Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms. Solution of acetate of lead, half a fl. ounce. Mix. Ellis. R. Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms and a half. Tincture of camphor, two fl. ounces and a half. Laudanum, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix; as an embrocation in flatulent colic. 
Ainslie. 
R. Tincture of opium, Spirit of sulphuric ether, Tincture of camphor, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism, tooth* ache, earache, &c. Ellis. 
Liniment of Laudanum and Lime Water. 
R. Tincture of 
opium, two fl. drachms and a half. Lime water, one fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be applied on lint, four times a-day, on painful syphilitic pustules. Phoebus. 
Laudanum Ointment. 
R. Tincture of opium, one drachm. Spermaceti ointment, two ounces. 
Mix. As an application, morning and evening, to painful hemorrhoids. Brera. 
Brown Mixture 
R. Paregoric, one ounce. 
Antimonial wine, half an ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, Extract of liquorice, each, three drachms Water, six ounces. 
Mix well. A tablespoonful, every three or four hours, in catarrh. Dewees. 
Opiate Linctus. 
R. Tincture of opium, two fl. drachms. Diluted sulphuric acid, two fl. drachms and a half. 
Molasses, eight fl. ounces. Water, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, occasionally to quiet, cough. Beasley 
Anodyne Draught. 
R. Camphor water, nine drachms. Nitrate of potassa, six grains. Comp. spirit of ether, one drachm Tincture of opium, ten to twelve minims. 
Syrup of poppies, two drachms Mix. To be taken at bedtime. Copland 
R. Tincture of opium, twelve minims. Water, one fl. ounce. Pimento water, three drachms.. Syrup of poppies, one drachm. 
Mix. 
Beasley. 


OPOPONAX —ORYZA. 
345 
R. Tincture of 
opium, fifteen to twenty-five drops. Syrup of poppies, two fl. drachms. Spirit of cinnamon, one fl. drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. EUit. 
Mixture op Laudanum and Tartar Emetic. 
R. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. Tartar emetic, four grains. Camphor water, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. In delirium tremens, and the advanced stages of low fevers. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce. Graves. 
Wistar's Cough Lozenges. R. Powdered gum Arabic, " extract of liquorice, " sugar, each, two drachms. " opium, six grains. Oil of anise, four drops. Mix, and add 
Distilled water, sufficient. Make into mass, and divide into sixty lozenges. One, three or four times a-day. Ellis. 
Eclectic Dover's Powder. 
R. Powdered opium, half a drachm. " camphor, two drachms. " ipecacuanha, one drachm. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Mix thoroughly. Dose, ten grains. Am. Jour. Phar , 1854. 
OPOPONAX. 
Opoponax. 
A gum resin obtained from the Opoponax chironium, a tall, parsnip-like plant, a native of the warm countries of Europe and the Levant. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Apiaceae. 
DeCandolle, iv. 170. Griffith, Med. Bot. 323. 
It occurs in tears and irregular lumps, or fragments, of a reddish-yellow color. Its odor is strong, peculiar, and unpleasant, and its taste bitter and acrid. It is seldom used in this country, but was formerly much esteemed in a variety of diseases. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. 
Tincture of Opoponax. 
R. Opoponax, one part. Alcohol, five pa*ts. Macerate for some days, and filter. Betdl. 
Compound Tincture op Opoponax. 
R. Round birth wort, Long birth wort, Orris root, each, half an ounce. Opoponax, Sagapeuum, each, two drachms Guaiacum, four scruples. Cloves, two drachms. 
Camphor, three drachms. Alcohol, ten ounces. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. As an application to foul venereal ulcers. Brera. 
Emulsion of Opoponax R. Opoponax, 
Soap, each, one drachm. 
Yolk of egg, two drachms. 
Syrup of wormwood, one ounce and a half. 
Fennel water, three fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. A teaspoonful every hour as a vermifuge. Bories. 
ORIGANUM. 
Marjoram. 
The article so designated in the TJ. S. Pharm. is the herb of the Origanum vulgare, a native of Europe, but extensively naturalized in the United States. 
Sex. Syst. Didynam. gymnos. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceffi. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 834. Griffith, Med. Bot. 511. The dried herb has an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a hot, pungent taste, depending on the presence of a volatile oil. It is somewhat tonic and stimulating, and has been used in the form of infusion as a diaphoretic and emmenagogue. The oil is employed in stimulating liniments. 
Oil op Marjoram, 
R. Marjoram, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Mix, distil, and separate the oil in the receiver. 
Much of the imported oil is obtained from another plant {Thymus vulgaris), which is fraudulently substituted for the genuine. Dose, one to three drops. This enters into the composition of the officinal opodeldoc. 
ORYZA. 
Rice. 
The seed or grain of Oryza sativa, an annual plant, said to be a native of Ethiopia, but now extensively cultivated in most warm countries. Sex. Syst. Hexand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Grp minaceae. 


346 
OVUM 
Linn. Sp. PI. 475. Griffith, Med. Bot. 660. This grain as found in commerce is deprived of its cuticle, is white, dry, hard, inodorous, and of a farinaceous taste. It is very nutritive, and, in the form of a decoction, emollient. 
Rice Water. R. Rice, well washed, two ounces. Water, • two quarts. Boil for an hour and a half, then add sugar and flavoring, as may be required. Ellis. R. Rice, five drachms. Water, sufficient to obtain a quart of decoction; add Liquorice root, three drachms. Let stand for some time, and strain, adding sugar, &c, at will. Cottereau. 
Rice Gruel. 
R. Ground rice, one ounce. 
Cinnamon, one drachm. Water, one quart. 
Boil for forty minutes, adding the aromatic near the close. Strain, and sweeten. Ellis. 
Mucilage of Rice. 
R. Rice, one ounce. 
Macerate it for three hours in 
Tepid water, one quart. 
Then boil slowly for an hour, and strain. A. T. Thomson. 
Rice Jelly. R. Rice, sufficient. Macerate in as much water as will cover it, boil slowly, adding water as it evaporates, until the rice is reduced to a pap; sweeten and flavor, and pass through a fine sieve. On cooling, it becomes a moderately-consistent jelly. A good diet in dyspepsia, &c. 
OVUM. 
Egg. 
Oil of Eggs. 
R. Yolks of eggs, at will. Heat gently till the moisture is dissipated, introduce into a displacer, and exhaust by ether, dis-1 il the product in a water-bath, heat the residue, till the albuminous matter coagulates, then strain. Par. Cod. 
Was, at onetime,much esteemed as an application to hemorrhoids, chaps, excoriations, &.c, but it is now seldom employed. 
Emulsion of Eggs. 
R. Yolks of eggs, two. Powdered sugar, one ounce. 
Boiling water, fourteen ounces. 
Triturate the eggs and sugar in a marble mortar, gradually adding the water. Beral. 
Emollient Clyster of Eggs. 
R. Yolks of eggs, two. 
Decoction of bran, one pound. 
Mix. Pierquin. 
Restorative Clyster of Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, o 
one. 
White wine, two fl. ounces. Beef tea, without salt, eight fl. ounces 
Mix. Radius. 
Mixture with Eggs. 
R. Yolk of egg, Cream, Cinnamon barley-water, 
one. 
six fl. ounces. 
six fl. drachms. 
Sugar, one ounce. 
Mix. To be taken in teaspoonful doses, in the convalescence of children. Foy. 
R. Yolk of egg, one. 
Water, two pints. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Common salt, half a drachm. 
Mix. In mesenteric atrophy of children. Hufeland. 
Egg and Brandy Mixture. 
R. Brandy, Cinnamon water, each, four fl. ounces. Yolks of eggs, two. 
Sugar, half an ounce. 
Oil of cinnamon, two minims. 
Mix. Lond. Ph. 
As a stimulant in the sinking stage of fevers. 
Egg and Wine Mixture 
R. Yolks of eggs, two. Oil of cinnamon, twenty drops. 
Mix, and add 
Madeira wine, Cinnamon water, each, three fl. ounces. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. 
Mix. Three or four tablespoonfuls for a dose. In convalescence from low fevers. Ellis. 


347 
PAPAVER. 
Liniment op Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, one. Flaxseed oil, two ounces. Mix well. As an application to burns. Radius. R. White of egg, one. Flaxseed oil, three ounces. Mix well. As the last. Mynsicht. 
Cerate op Eggs. R. Yolk of egg, one part. Simple cerate, two parts. Mix well. Foy. R. Yolk of a hard-boiled egg, one. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Almond oil, one ounce and a half. Melt the wax and oil together, and add the egg, triturating them thoroughly together. As an application to burns. Soubeiran. 
St 
p 
PAPAVER. 
Poppy Heads.- 
The ripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. These capsules arc of a more or less globular form, crowned by a radiated, persistent stigma ; of a light brown color, a papery and brittle texture, inodorous, but of a slightly- bitter taste. They are analogous in properties, but in an inferior degree, to opium. They contain numerous small, oleaginous seeds, which are used in many preparations. 
Decoction of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, sliced, four ounces. Water, four pints. 
Boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
As a soothing and anodyne fomentation, in painful tumors and inflammations. # 
Syrup of Poppies. 
R. Poppy capsules, bruised, and deprived of seeds, three pounds. Sugar, five pounds. Boiling water, five gallons. Rectified spirit, five fl. ounces. Boil the capsules in the water down to two gallons; press strongly. Then boil the strained liquor to four pints, and strain, while hot. Set aside for twelve hours, for the dregs to subside; boil the clear liquor down to two pints; in this dissolve the sugar, and lastly add the spirit. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, one fl. drachm, as a sedative and hypnotic. 
R. Alcoholic extract of 
P°PPy> ™ ur drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and add 
Boiling syrup, four pounds. Evaporate to the proper consistence. Par. Cod. 
R. Poppy heads, sixteen ounces. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Sugar, thirty ounces. 
Deprive the heads of their seeds; bruise them thoroughly, macerate them in twice their weight of diluted alcohol for two days, express powerfully, add the remainder of the alcohol, and after twenty-four hours, again express. Evaporate the liquids to one pint, strain, and add the sugar, and dissolve by the aid of a gentle heat. W. Procter. 
Substitute for Syrup of Poppies. R. Sulphate of morphia, four grains. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve, and mix with 
Syrup, fifteen fl. ounces. Each fl. ounce contains one-quarter of a grain of the sulphate of morphia. Wood. 
Extract of Poppy Heads. 
R. Poppy heads, bruised, fifteen ounces. Roiling water, one gallon. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to four pints, strain, and evaporate over a vaporbath, to proper consistence. Ed. Ph. 
The dose is from five to ten grains. 
Pectoral Syrup. 
R. Dates, two pounds. Jujube, one pound. Liquorice root, half a pound. Mallow root, Maidenhair, Poppy heads, each, four ounces Water, sixteen pints 
Boil, strain, and add 
Sugar, 
eight pounds 
Evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Dose, one to two ounces. Gassicourt. 


348 
PARE IRA — PAULL IN I A. 
Sedative Injection. 
R. Simple emulsion, five fl. ounces. Decoction of poppy heads, one pint. White of egg, one drachm. 
Mix. As an injection in acute gonorrhoea. Gassicourt. 
Sedative Mixture. 
R. Flaxseed, two drachms. Poppy head, one. 
Water, suflicient to obtain eight ounces of infusion; add 
Yolk of egg, one. 
Mix well. In painful diarrhoea. St. Marie. 
PAREIRA. 
Pareira Brava. 
This is the root of Cissampelos pareira, a climbing shrub, with large, cordate, villous leaves, a native of the West Indies and South America. 
Sex. Syst. Dioec. monand. Nat. Syst. Menispermaceffi. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1473. Griffith, Med. Bot. 106. The root, which is the officinal portion, as found in the shops, is usually in large, crooked pieces, of a dark color, externally, and yellowish within; it has at first a sweetish, and somewhat aromatic taste, but leaves a bitterish, unpleasant impression; the odor is very slight. It is tonic and alterative, and acts specifically on the bladder, diminishing irritability, and diminishing mucous secretion. The dose, in substance, is Irom thirty grains to a drachm. 
Infusion of Pareira Brava. 
R. Pareira brava, six drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours, and strain. Edin. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, in irritation and chronic inflammation of urinary passages. 
Decoction of Pareira Brava. R. Pareira brava, four drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, from eight to twelve fl. ounces, during the day. Brodie. R. Pareira brava, sliced, ten drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Boil to a pint, and strain. Dose, two fl. ounces. Lond. Ph. 
Extract of Pareira Brava. 
R. Powdered pareira brava, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Mix the powder with half a pint of the water; introduce into a displacement apparatus, and 
pour on water, till the powder is exhausted. Heat the fluid to the boiling point; strain, and evaporate to proper consistence. Edin. Ph, 
Dose, ten grains to half a drachm. 
Tincture op Pareira Brava. 
R. Pareira brava, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Digest for seven days, and filter. Brodie. 
Dose, fifty to sixty drops 
PAULLINIA. 
Paullinia, (Guarana) 
Is a preparation from the seeds of Paullinia sorlilis, a climbing plant, indigenous to Brazil. The seeds arc dried, pounded, mixed with cocoa and cassava, and with water, formed into a paste, which is dried. This preparation is of a brown color, hard, light, inodorous, and of a somewhat astringenttastc. It is highly esteemed in Brazil, in diseases of the bowels and bladder, and has been used in Europe, as a tonic in these, and in chlorosis, &c, with much success. 
Sex. Syst. Octand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Sapindaceoe. 
Martius, Mat. Med. Bras. 59. 
Lozenges op Paullinia. 
R. Paullinia, five drachms and a half. - Vanilla sugar, one pound and a half. Water, suflicient. 
Mix, and form lozenges of ten grains each. Gavrelle. 
Syrup of Paullinia. 
R. Paullinia, two drachms and a half. Simple syrup, two pints. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gavrelle. 
Pills op Paullinia. 
R. Paullinia, suflicient. 
Make into pills of a grain and a half. Five to ten, as occasion may require. Gavrelle. 
Alcoholic Extract of Paullinia, R. Powdered paullinia, at will Alcohol, sufficient. Introduce into a displacement apparatus, and pass the alcohol through till the powder is exhausted ; distil off the spirit, and evaporate to proper consistence. Eight to ten grains, during the day. Decluxstelus. 
Chocolate with Paullinia. R. Paullinia, one oi 
one ounce. 
Chocolate, sixteen ounces. Mix, and form a paste. As a restorative, in diseases of debility, chlorosis, &c. Beasley. 


349 
PETROLEUM —PETROSELINUM 
PETROLEUM. 
Petroleum. 
A liquid bitumen, of a fluid consistence, of a brownish-black, or reddish-brown color, having a bituminous odor, and an acrid, strong taste. It is found in various parts of the world, issuing from the earth in the form of springs. Many of these exist in the United States, as on the shores of Seneca Lake, on the Kcnhawa, &.c. These products are light-colored and more liquid than the Barbadoes and other foreign varieties, and are known as Seneca oil. 
Petroleum is a stimulating antispasmodic, and sudorific, with some anthelmintic properties. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm. 
British Oil. 
R. Oil of turpentine, " flaxseed, each, eight fl. ounces. " amber, four fl. ounces. " juniper, four fl. drachms. Barbadoes petroleum, three fl. ounces. Seneca oil, one fl. ounce. Mix. As a rubefacient liniment. 
Phil. Coll. Pharm 
R. Oil of turpentine, eight fl. ounces Barbadoes petroleum, four fl. ounces. Oil of rosemary, four fl. drachms, 
Mix. Gray, 
Embrocation op Petroleum. R. Petroleum, half an ounce. Oil of turpentine, one drachm. Spirit of juniper, four ounces. Mix. As a friction to the loins, in atony of the urinary passages and dropsy. Radius. R. Petroleum, half an ounce. Spirit of lavender, one ounce. Laudanum, two drachms. Mix. As a lotion to frozen limbs. Phoebus. R. Petroleum, Alcohol, each, one ounce. Mix. Saunders. R. Petroleum, one drachm and a half. Spirit of ammonia, two ounces. Mix. As a remedy for chilblains. Radius. 
Ointment of Petroleum. 
R. Petroleum, three drachms. 
Camphor, one scruple. Simple ointment, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. Radius. 
Plaster op Petroleum. 
R. Resin, half an ounce. 
Camphor, one drachm. 
Opium, half a drachm. Petroleum, sufficient. 
Mix. As an application in chronic rheumatism. Radius. 
Anthelmintic Mixture op Petroleum. 
R. Petroleum, half an ounce. Tincture of assafetida, six drachms. 
Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in cases of tape-worm. Schwartz 
Diuretic Mixture of Petroleum. R. Petroleum, two drachms Tincture of squill, one drachm. Spirit of juniper, six drachms. Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day, in dropsy Vogt. 
PETROSELINUM. 
Parsley. 
Parsley, or Petrosdinum sativum, is a biennial herbaceous plant, with a fusiform root; a native of southern Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens, for the sake of its leaves, which are used for culinary purposes. . Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. A pi aceae. 
Hoffmann, Umb. 1, torn. 1. Griffith, Med. Bot. 318. 
The root, which is the officinal portion, is fusiform, white, fleshy, of a pleasant odor and a somewhat sweetish, aromatic taste, becoming inert by drying; it should therefore be used in the recent state. It is diuretic and slightly aperient. 
Infusion of Parsley Root. R. Parsley root, one oi 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain. A teacupful, with a drachm of sweet spirit of nitre, every three or four hours. Ellis. 
In strangury from blisters; and highly spoken of by Dr. Chapman, in dropsies. 
Oil of Parsley. 
R. Parsley seed, one part Water, four parts. 
Distil, and separate the oil. Brunswick Ph. Carminative, and also said to be very efficacious in gonorrhoea, in doses of three or four drops, three times a-day. 


350 
PH L OR IDZ IN A—PHYTOLACCA. 
PHLORIDZIN A. 
PlILORIDZINE. 
A bitter principle obtained from the bark of the apple, pear, cherry, and plum-trees, especially from that of the root. It is white, very bitter, and is said to be a powerful febrifuge. It is obtained by boiling the fresh bark of the root for two hours in sufficient water to cover it, decanting the decoction, and renewing the process. The two decoctions are united, permitted to stand for twenty-four hours, when a deposit of phloridzine will take place, and, by evaporation, an additional portion will be obtained. This impure product is to be treated with distilled water and animal charcoal, to purify it. 
Powder of Phloridzine. R. Phloridzine, ten to fourteen grains. Sugar, one drachm. Mix. In the apyrexia of intermittent fever. De Koninck. 
PHOSPHORUS. 
Phosphorus. 
An elementary substance, usually in the form of thin sticks, which are translucent, of a paleyellowish color, and flexible consistence. It has no perceptible taste, but an alliaceous odor. It is principally made from bone ashes, which consist mainly of phosphate of lime. It is a highly powerful, diffusible stimulant, and ought never to be given in substance, and its effects should be always closely watched. It has been given in cases of extreme prostration of the vital powers. 
Phosphorated Oil. R. Phosphorus, one part. Almond oil, sixteen parts. Dissolve, and add Oil of bergamot, sufficient to flavor. Mix. Dose, five to ten drops in some mucilaginous liquid. Magendie. R. Phosphorus, dried and sliced, six grains. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Digest by the aid of warm water and agitation, and when cold, carefully decant the oil from any undissolved phosphorus. Dose, five to fifleen drops. Prus. Ph. Has been advised in gout, chronic rheumatism, &c, and also externally, as .a friction. 
Phosphorated Ether. 
R. Phosphorus, Sulphuric ether, 
one part, fifty parts. 
Macerate for a month in a boftlc covered with black paper ; decant into small bottles similarly prepared. Dose, five to ten drops, in some emollient liquid, every four hours. Par. Cod. R. Phosphorus, two grains. Oil of peppermint, half a drachm. Add to the solution 
Sulphuric ether, half fl. ounce. Mix well. Two to six drops, every four hours, on sugar. In epilepsy, paralysis, &c. Augustin. 
Phosphorated Cerate. 
R. Phosphorated ether, five parts. Simple cerate, twenty-four parts. Mix. As a friction in obstinate cutaneous 
affections. Foy. 
Phosphorated Oil of Turpentine. R. Phosphorus, two grains. Oil of turpentine, three fl. drachms. Mix, and dissolve. Dose, ten to twelve drops, in obstinate intermittents; to be given in a cupful of oatmeal gruel. Hufeland. 
Phosphorated Liniment. R. Phosphorus, six grains. Oil of almonds, one ounce. Caustic ammonia, Camphor, each, two grains. Mix. Augustin. 
Phosphorated Ointment. 
R. Phosphorated, ether, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together. Guibourt. R. Phosphorus, ten grains. Camphor, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix carefully, and make an ointment. Used in palsies, by rubbing in twice daily. Hufeland. 
Phosphorus Paste. 
[IIat's Bane.] R. Phosphorus, eight parts. Lukewarm water,, , , , Rye meal, ' [each one hundred Melted butter, ) and eighty parts. Sugar, one hundred and twenty parts. Liquefy the phosphorus in the water; pour into a mortar, and add the meal; when cold, add the butter and sugar. An active poison for rats and mice. Simon. 
PHYTOLACCA. 
Poke. 
Both the berries and the root of the Poke, Or Phytolacca decandra, are officinal. It is a large, herbaceous plant, with a perennial root, and 


351 
PIMENTA—PIPER. 
v 
bearing numerous clusters of dark purple berries. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. decagyn. Nat. Syst. Phy. tolaccaccse. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 631. Griffith, Med. Bot. 535. The root, as found in the shops, is in transverse slices, of a light-brown color externally; and exhibiting on the cut surfaces numerous concentric rings. The taste is somewhat saccharine, followed by a sensation of acrimony; the odor of the fresh root is somewhat like that of ginseng, but this disappears on drying. It is emeto-cathartic, with some narcotic properties. It has been used as an alterative, in syphilis, rheumatism, and chronic eruptions. The berries have also been praised in the same complaints. The dose of the powdered root, is from one to five grains, as an alterative; from ten to thirty as an emetic. 
Ointment of Poke 
R. Powdered root, or leaves of poke, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together. As an application in tinea capitis, psora, &c. Wood. 
Tincture of Poke-Berries. 
R. Bruised poke-berries, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, and filter. Dose, a teaspoonful, in chronic rheumatism. 
, PIMENTA. 
Pimento. Allspice. 
This, which is also called Jamaica pepper, is the unripe berries of Eugenia pimenta, a beautiful evergreen tree, which is indigenous to the West Indies and South America. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Myrtaceae. 
De Candolle, Prod. iii. 285. Griffith, Med. Bot. 300. 
The berries, which are the officinal part, are collected before they are ripe, and dried in the sun. In this state they are round, brown, somewhat rough, and a little larger than a peppercorn. They have an aromatic, agreeable odor, and a powerful, clove-like taste. Pimento is a warm, aromatic stimulant, but is more employed as a condiment than in medicine. The dose, in powder, is from ten to forty grains. 
Bolus op Allspice. R. Powdered allspice, " cinnamon, " saffron, each, four grains. ** 1 opium, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make two boluses. In chronic diar- 
Foy. 
rhoea. 
Water of Allspice. R. Allspice, bruised, one pound. Water, . two gallons. Distil a gallon. Lond. Ph. Used as a carminative. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 
Spirit op Allspice. R. Allspice, bruised, three ounces. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Water, sufficient to prevent empyreuma. Macerate for twentyfour hours; distil off a gallon. Used in same cases as other aromatic spirits, in doses of one to two fl. drachms. Dub. Ph., 182G. R. Oil of pimento, two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, one gallon. Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. U. S. Ph. 
Tincture of Allspice. R. Allspice, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Macerate for fifteen days, and filter. Dose, from ten to twelve drops. SuAdiaur. 
Essence op Allspice. R. Oil of pimento, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. Mix with agitation. Dose, thirty drops, as a carminative. Dub. Ph. 
PIPER. 
Black Pepper. 
This article is the berries of Pipe, nigrum, a perennial, shrubby vine, from eight to twelve feet high, a native of India, and extensively cultivated in many parts of tropical Asia. Sex. Syst. Diand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Piperacea?. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 40. Griffith, Med. Bot. 564. The fruit, which is the officinal part, is gathered before it is quite ripe, and by the drying of the pulp over the grayish-white seed, becomes wrinkled and black; in this state it is known as black pepper; if permitted to ripen, and deprived of the skin by maceration, and dried, the fruit forms what is called white pepper, which is less active than the black. Black pepper is a warm, carminative stimulant, but is principally used as a condiment. It has, however, been used in gonorrhoea, &c, and in the treatment of intermittent fevers, and also «s an external application, in the form of ointment, to tinea capitis. The dose is from ten to 
twenty grains. 


352 
PIPER LONGUM — PIPER I NUM. 
4 
Confection of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, 
" elecampane, each, 
one pound. " fennel seed, three pounds. 
Honey, Sugar, each, two pounds. 
Rub the first three ingredients and the sugar together, and keep in a covered vessel. When to be used, add the honey, and incorporate thoroughly, (or seven ounces of the powder with two ounces of the honey). Lond. Ph. 
This, which- is similar to Ward's paste, so celebrated in the cure of piles, must be used for a length of time, to be of service. Dose, from one to two drachms, two or three times a-day. 
Electuary of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, Conserve of orangepeel, each, one ounce. 
Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. Make an electuary. As a stomachic and carminative. A drachm, twice a-day. Saunders. 
Resinous Oil of Black Pepper. R. Black pepper, at will. Grind it, and exhaust by means of alcohol (.835); distil off the alcohol. Treat the resinous residue with solution of potassa, which removes all but the piperine. The alcoholic liquid is then la be saturated with diluted muriatic acid, and the fluid oleo-resin that precipitates, is, after being washed with water, ready for use. W. Procter. 
Fluid Extract of Rlack Pepper. R. Black pepper, in powder, one pound. Ether, sufficient. Put the powder in a percolator, and pour ether gradually upon it until two pints of tincture pass. Distil off one pint and a half on a waterbath, and expose the residue in a shallow vessel till all the ether is evaporated, and the deposition of piperine has ceased. Lastly, separate tike piperine by expression. Dose, one or two drops. U. S. Ph. 
Volatile Oil of Black Pepper. R. Powdered black pepper, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and separate the oil from the product. This has the odor, but not the pungency of the fruit 
Ointment of Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper, four ounces. Lard, one pound. 
Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
Plaster op Black Pepper. 
R. Powdered black pepper, Galbanum, each, three drachms. 
Pitch, two ounces. Oil of laurel berries, sufficient. 
Mix. As a stimulating plaster, in rheumatism, &c. Augustin. 
Cataplasm of Rlack Pepper. 
R. Flour of mustard, half a pound. Powdered black pepper, " ginger, each, one drachm. Boiling water, sufficient 
to make a soft paste. To be applied to the pit of the stomach in colic, &c.; or to the feet, as a revulsive. Ellis. 
PIPER LONGUM. 
Long Pepper. 
This is the dried spikes of the Piper longum, or Chavica qfficinarum, a climbing shrub, with dioecious flowers, a native of some of the East India islands, and cultivated in Sumatra and Java. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 41. Griffith, Med. Bot. 566. The officinal portion is the fruit catkins, dried in the sun. These are aromatic; of a pungent, fiery taste ; of a greyish-brown color; cylindrical. This pepper has nearly the same proper, tics as the black, but it is little 'used in this country. 
Cataplasm op Long Pepper. 
R. Powdered long pepper, " ginger, each, half an ounce. White of egg, sufficient. 
Mix well into a paste. As a rubefacient application in pleurisy. Foy. 
PIPERINUM. 
Piperine. 
A peculiar principle obtained from Piper nigrum. It is white, and crystallizes in four-sided prisms. It was thought to be an alkali, but the experiments of Pelletier show that it is more analogous to the resins. It has been much praised in Italy, as a febrifuge; and is also spoken of with favor by physicians of other countries. It has been supposed that its acrid taste and remedial properties were dependent on an admixture of acrid oil, but Dr. Christison attempts to prove that such is not the case. 


PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA —PIX BURGUNDICA. 
353 
R. Alcoholic extract of black pepper, at will. Treat it with water, containing a hundredth of caustic potassa; wash the residue in cold water; dissolve in alcohol; filter, and permit to evaporate and crystallize. Guibourt. Dose, from two to ten grains. 
Pills op Piperine. R. Piperine, twenty-four grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every two hours. Meli. R. Piperine, twelve grains. Extract of gentian, sufficient. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, every hour, during the apyrexia of intcrmittents. Ellis. 
Pills op Piperine and Mercury. R. Blue pill, one grain- Piperine, Sulphate of quinia, each, two grains. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make a pill. Hartte. 
One, three times a-day, for a few days, after the paroxysm has been checked by piperine. 
Tincture op Piperine. R. Piperine, one part. Alcohol, seven parts. Dissolve, and filter. Beral. 
PISCIDIA ERYTHRINA. 
Jamaica Dogwood. 
This is a small West Indian tree, with a hard, heavy wood, and a narcotic bark, employed to intoxicate fish. 
Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaceie. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 993. Griffith, Med. Bot. 246. The part used is the bark of the root, which appears to be a stimulating narcotic; causing excitement of the system, copious perspiration, and profound sleep. Applied topically, to allay pain. 
Tincture of Jamaica Dogwood. R. Bruised Jamaica dogwood, one ounce. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Digest for seven days, and filter. Full dose, as a narcotic, one fl. drachm. Hamilton. 
PIX BURGUNDICA. Burgundy Pitch. This is the prepared concrete juice of Abies excelsa, a lofty tree, a native "of Europe and northern Asia. 
23 
Sex. Syst. Moncec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinacete. De Candollc, Fl. Fr. iii. 375. Griffith, Med. Bot. 606. It is also obtained from A. picea. When pure, it is hard, brittle, opaque, of a yellowish, or brownish-yellow color, and of a weak, turpentine-like taste and odor. The Thus of the London College, is the concrete juice of the Spruce Fir, and Pinus palustris, us it exudes. It is in solid, brittle tears, of a brownish-yellow color, and emits an agreeable odor when burned. Both are used as ingredients in plaster. 
Prepared Thus or Prankincense. R. Frankincense, one pound. Water, sufficient to cover. 
Liquefy by heat, strain through a hair sieve, and when cold pour off the water. Used for making plasters. Lond. Fh. 
Pitch Plaster. 
R. Burgundy pitch, * two pounds. Prepared Thus, one pouud. Resin, Wax, each, four ounces. Expressed oil of nutmeg, one ounce. Olive oil, • Water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Melt the thus, pitch, resin, and wax together, and add the olive oil, oil of nutmegs, and water; mix, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
As a rubefacient plaster in pectoral and rheumatic affections, &c. It often causes a serous disclmrge, and much irritation. 
R. Burgundy pitch, six ounces. Wax, half an ounce. Turpeutine, one drachm 
Melt, and mix. Guy's Hosp 
Burgundy Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, six pounds. Yellow wax, half a pound Melt, and stir constantly till they thicken. U. S. Ph 
Warming Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, three pounds and a half. Cerate of Spanish flies, half a pound. Melt together on a water-bath, and stir constantly till they thicken. U. S. Ph. 
Aromatic Plaster. 
R. Resin of spruce fir, three ounces. Yellow wax, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, six drachms. Oil of pimento, " lemon, each, two drachms. 


354 
PIX CANADENSIS —PIX LIQUIDA. 
Melt the resin and wax together, and strain. When tbey begin to thicken, on cooling, mix in the cinnamon, previously rubbed with the oils, and make a plaster. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
A good local stimulant, when applied to the region of the stomach, allaying nausea and vomiting, and relieving gastric uneasiness. 
Compound Pitch Plaster. R. Burgundy pitch, two parts. White wax, four part.i. Turpentine, Balsam of tolu, each, one part. Mix and melt. Beral. R. Burgundy pitch, twenty-four parts. Resin, Yellow wax, each, four parts. Resin of spruce fir, twelve parts. Oil of nutmeg, one part. Melt together. Lisbon Ph. 
Pitch Cerate. R. Burgundy pitch, six parts. Suet, four parts. White wax, three parts. Melt together. Beral. 
Pills of Burgundy Pitch. R. Burgundy pitch, five drachms. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred pills. Six to eight, three times a-day, in cutaneous affections. Ulrich. 
PIX CANADENSIS. 
Canada, or Hemlock Pitch 
This is the prepared concrete juice of the Abies Canadensis, a lofty tree, found in the more northern parts of the United States, in Canada, Ate, and also in the mountainous portions of the Middle States. 
Sex, Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat, Syst. Pinacem. 
Mich. N. A. Sylv. iii. 185. Griffith, Med. Bot 606. 
The resin exudes spontaneously, and hardens on the bark, from which it is separated by boiling in water. It, however, requires a purification, by melting and straining, before it is fit for use. In this state, it is hard, brittle, of a dark yellowish-brown color, which becomes darker by exposure to the air, of a peculiar, but faint odor, and a scarcely perceptible taste. It is a mild rubefacient, much resembling Burgundy pitch in its action and powers, and is employed for the same purposes. The volatile oil obtained from the tops by distillation, and called the oil of hemlock, is possessed of emmenagogue properties. It has been used to produce abortion. 
PIX LIQUIDA. 
Tar. 
This is an impure turpentine, obtained by the slow combustion of various species of the pine tribe, and more especially, of the pinus paiustris. It is made in large quantities in North Carolina, and in various other places in America and Europe. It is of a brownish-black color, of a tenacious consistence, has a peculiar empyreumatic odor, and a somewhat bitter, resinous, subacid taste. Its properties are analogous to those of the turpentines. It is used both internally and externally. The dose is from half a drachm to one drachm, several times a-day. 
Tar Pills. R. Tar, one drachm. Powdered elecampane, sufficient. Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty pills. Beasley R. Tar, one drachm. Wheat flour, sufficient Mix, form a mass, and divide into twenty pills. G. B. Wood R. Tar, two scruples. Liquorice powder, one scruple. Mix, and make sixteen pills. Seymour. 
Tar Water 
R. Tar, two pints. Water, one gallon. 
Mix, stirring with a wooden rod for fifteen minutes ; when the tar has subsided, strain, and keep in well-stopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 1826 
It is stimulant and diuretic, and was once much used in a variety of diseases, especially in those of the lungs. The dose is from one to two pints, in divided doses, in the course of the day. . It is also used as a lotion in cutaneous diseases. 
Wine of Tar, or Tar Beer. R. Water, three quarts. Wheat bran, one quart. Tar, one pint. Honey, half a pint. 
Simmer together for three hours, and when cool, add a pint of brewers' yeast, and let it stand for thirty-six hours. Then bottle. Dose, a tablespoonful. Duhamel. 
R. Ground malt, Honey, Tar, each, one pound. Yeast, half a pint. Water, sufficient. 
Keep the malt, honey, and three quarts of water, at 150° F. for three hours, and when cool add 


355 
PIX NIGRA — PLATINI B PC HLORIDU M. 
the yeast. Set aside for thirty-six hours, then decant, and to the clear solution add the tar, stirring constantly. Shake up occasionally for a week, then filter, and bottle lor use. W. Procter, Jr. 
R. Strong beer, one gallon. Tar, sufficient to saturate. 
Mix, and allow them to macerate for three days, with occasional agitation. Dose, a tablespoonful. Robinson. 
Tar Ointment 
R. Tar, Suet, each, one pound. 
Melt the suet with a moderate heat, add the tar, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. 
A stimulant application to various cutaneous eruptions, as psoriasis and tinea capitis. 
Compound Tar Ointment. R. Tar ointment, 
Cerate of subacetate of 
lead, each, half a pound. Mix. St. Barfs Hosp. R Tar ointment, 
Sulphur ointment, equal parts. Mix. Guy's Hosp. 
PIX NIGRA. 
Black Pitch. 
This is the solid black mass that remains after the evaporation of tar. It has a shining fracture. It is gently stimulant and tonic, and has been used internally in some cutaneous diseases, and in piles. The dose is from ten grains to a drachm, in piles. It is also employed externally. 
Ointment of Black Pitch. R. Black pitch, 
Wax, Resin, each, eleven ounces. 
Olive oil, (I m P-) one pint- 
Melt together, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
Used for the same purposes as tar ointment. 
R. Black pitch, Resin, Yellow wax, each, one part. Olive oil, four parts. 
Melt the two resins together, add the wax, and then the oil. Guibo*Urt. 
R. Black pitch, sixteen parts. Yellow wax, twelve parts. Lard, ten parts. . Olive oil, " two parts. 
Pipon. 
Melt together. 
Plaster of Black Pitch. R. Black pitch, "| fl 6^ 0 ' r each, two parts. Turpentine, J Yellow wax, three parts. Melt together. Niemann. R. Black pitch, Resin, Wax, each, eight parts. Suet, one part. Melt together. Wirtem. Ph. 
Pills of Black Pitch. 
R. Black pitch, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. 
Mix, and divide into twenty pills. Dose, two every night, in piles. Wardleworth. 
PLATINUM. 
Platina. 
PL ATINI BIC HLORIDUM. Bichloride of Platina. Made by dissolving platinum in nitro-muriatic acid, and evaporating the solution to dryness by a gentle heat. Beasley. It, as well as a concentrated solution, is of a deep red color. It is very deliquescent and soluble in water. It is poisonous in the dose of fifteen grains, but has been used as an altera, tive in syphilis, in doses of one-eighth to one fourth of a grain. 
Mixture of Bichloride of Platinum R. Bichloride of platinum, two to four grains. Sugar, two drachms Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. Dose, a tablespoonful, three times a-day. Hoefer. 
Pills of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of platinum, seven and a half grains. Guaiacum, one drachm. Powdered liquorice root, sufficient. Mix, and form twenty pills. One pill three times a-day. Hoefer. 
Ointment of Bichloride of Platinum. R. Bichloride of platinum, one drachm Extract of belladonna, two drachms. Lard, four ounces. Rub well together. As an application to indo lent ulcers. Hoefer 


356 
SODII CHLORO-PLATINAS-PLUMBI ACETAS. 
I 
SODII CHLORO-PLATINAS. 
Chloroplatinate op Sodium. 
Mix a solution of six parts of chloride of sodium with a solution of seventeen parts of bichloride of platina; evaporate, and crystallize. The crystals are of a deep yejlow color, soluble in water and alcohol. They are similar in their medical properties to the analogous salt of gold. Dose, one grain. Beasley. 
Injection of Chloroplatinate of Sodium. 
R. Chloroplatinate of sodium, half a drachm. Decoction of poppies, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Used as an injection in gonorrhoea. Hoefer. 
PLUMBUM. 
Lead. 
A soft, bluish-grey, malleable metal, with a perceptible taste, and a peculiar smell when rubbed. It is not officinal in its metallic state, but its preparations are much employed, as sedatives and astringents. 
PLUMBI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Lead 
Powder of Acetate of Lead. 
R. Acetate of lead, Powdered opium, each, six grains. Sugar, twenty-four grains. 
Mix. Three grains, morning and evening, to check night sweats and diarrhoea, in phthisis. Foy. 
R. Calomel, one or two grains. Acetate of lead, half to one grain. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three hours, in cholera infantum of infants. 
Ellis. 
R. Acetate of lead, two to three grains. Opium, a quarter of a grain. Acetate of soda, three grains. Sugar of milk, five grains. 
Mix To be taken every hour, in hemorrhages. Phoebus. 
Pills of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, 
Powdered mallow, each, one drachm. Simple syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty-six pills. Four to five a day, to check sweats in phthisis. Radius. 
R. Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Calomel, five grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make ten pills; one, every two to four hours, in hematcmcsis. Ellis. 
R. Acetate of lead, thirty grains. Powdered colchicum, twenty grains. " opium, three grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix thoroughly, and form into ten pills. One to be taken every six hours. Used in active hemorrhages, washed down with a draught of one drachm of distilled vinegar to one 11. ounce of water. Also, given in phthisis, after bleeding, one twice a-day. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. Opium, one grain. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One every hour at first, then every two hours, in cholera. Graves. 
R. Acetate of lead, twelve grains. Opium, six graius. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and make six pills. One to be repeated according to circumstances, in hemoptysis, &c. Ellis. 
R. Acetate of lead, six grains. Powdered mallow, Extract of seneka, each, one drachm. Mix, and make sixty pills. Two to five, several times a-day, in hemoptysis. Kovp. 
Rubefacient Paste. R. Acetate of lead, one ounce. 
Bi-sulphate of potassa, three ounces. Water, sufficient. Rub into a paste. It acts powerfully on the skin. Clarus. 
COLLYBIUM OF SUB ACETATE OF LEAD. R. Solution of subacetato of lead, twelve drops. Wine of opium, forty drops. Rose water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Ellis. R. Acetate of lead, one scruple. Lime water, twelve fl. ounces. Catechu, three drachms. Honey of roses, two ounces. Dissolve, and filter. This is much more astringent than the last. Augustin. 
Solution of Subacetate of Lead. [Goulard's Extract.] R. Acetate of lead, sixteen ounces. Powdered litharge, nine ounces and a half. 
Distilled water, four pints. 


357 
PLUMBI ACETAS. 
Boil together, for half an hour, adding distilled water, so as to preserve the measure, filter, and keep in close-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
The diluted solution, or lead-water, is made by mixing two fl. drachms of the above solution to a pint of distilled water. 
Acetate of Lead Cerate. Acetate of lead, four parts. Soap, one part and a half. Mix thoroughly in a heated mortar, and add White wax, three parts. Previously melted with Olive oil, three parts. Mix well. Van Mons. 
Plaster of Acetate of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, one drachm. Sulphur, half an ounce. Resin, two ounces. Melt together. As an application to venereal buboes. Bories. 
Pile Ointment. R. Acetate of lead, fifteen grains. Burnt cork, half an ounce. Fresh butter, two ounces. Triturate well together. Bories. 
Acetate op Lead Ointment. R. Acetate of lead, Extract of belladonna, each, one part. Lard, six parts. Mix. As an application to fissures of the anus. Foy. R. Acetate of lead, in fine powder, one ounce. Simple ointment, twenty ounces. Mix thoroughly. Ed. Ph. 
Subacetate op Lead Cataplasm. R. Common cataplasm, four ounces. Solution of subacetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Muriate of ammonia, half a drachm. Mix. As an application to indolent tumors. Radius. 
Subacetate op Lead Collyrium. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, five drops. Elder water, half a fl. ounce. Laudanum, ten drops. Mix. Rust. 
Subacetate op Lead Gargle. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, half a fl. drachm. Barley water, one pint. Simple syrup, one ounce Mix. Radius. 
Subacetate of Lead Injection. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, two fl. drachms. Distilled vinegar, eight fl. ounces. Rose water, twenty-four fl. ounces. Mix. In leucorrhoea. Young. 
Liniment for Milk Abscess. R. Olive oil, two ounjes. Lead water, one drachm. Sulphuric ether, two drachms. Laudanum, one drachm. Mix. A rag moistened with this liniment to be frequently applied to the inflamed part. Dewces. R. Acetate of lead, one drachm. Distilled vinegar, two ounces. Dissolve, and add Alcohol, one ounce. Distilled water, five ounces. Mix. To be applied as above. Clarke. 
Acetate of Lead Lotion. R. Diluted solution of sub- 
acetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Spirit of camphor, three fl. ounces. Water, one pint. 
Mix. As an application to old ulcers. Ellis, 
Acetate of Lead Cataplasm. R. Crumb of bread, one pound. Milk, four pounds. Boil together, and add Solution of subacetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Spielmann. 
Vegeto-Mineral Water of Goulard. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, one part. Alcohol (.921.), four parts. Distilled water, forty-eight parts Mix. . Taddet. Used in fomentations, lotions, and cataplasms, and may always be replaced by the diluted solution of the subacetate 


358 
PLUMBICARBONAS 
Acetate of Lead Gargle. U. Acetate of lead, sixty grains. Extract of opium, six grains. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Syrup of mulberries, one ounce. Mix. Pierquin. 
Acetate of Lead Mixture. R. Acetate of lead, half an ounce. Sulphate of iron, three drachms. Vinegar, Alcohol, each, two fl. ounces. Rose water, six fl. drachms. Dissolve the acetate in the vinegar with a gentle heat; add the sulphate, and then the alcohol, mixed with the rose water. Highly praised in Ihe sweats and colliquative diarrhoea of phthisis; in gonorrhoea and nocturnal emissions. Gonnann. 
Goulard's Balsam. R. Oil of turpentine, at will. Heat, and gradually add •Acetate of lead, sufficient. Constantly stirring, till no more will dissolve; let rest, and decant while hot. Used as an application to eroding and painful ulcers. Van Hons. 
Subacetate of Lead Cerate. [Goulard's Cerate.] R. Solution of subacetate of lead, two fl. ounces and a half. White wax, four ounces. Olive oil, nine fl. ounces. Camphor, half a drachm. Melt the wax, and mix with eight fl. ounces of 1 he oil; remove from fire, and when it begins to thicken, gradually add solution of subacetate of lead; stir till cool, then add camphor, dissolved in rest of oil, and mix. U. S. Ph. 
Injection of Subacetate of Lead and Lime Water. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, thirty-four drops. Lime water, four fl. ounces. Olive oil, two fl. drachms. Mix, and shake whenever used. In inflammation of the prostate and urethra. Foy. 
Liniment of Subacetate of Lead. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, Laudanum, Honey of roses, each, two fl. drachms. Conserve of roses, one ounce. Mix Guy's Hosp. 
Subacetate of Lead Ointment. R. Cerate of subacetate of lead, Poplar ointment, each, * one ounce. Powdered camphor, two drachms. Mix. In inflamed acne and other cutaneous affections. St. Marie. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, White wax, each, one drachm. Olive oil, one ounce. Mix. As an application in ophthalmia. Armstrong. 
Subacetate of Lead Plaster. R. Olive oil, fourteen fl. ounces. Yellow wax, twenty-four ounces. Melt together, and add Solution of subacetate of lead, one fl. ounce. Camphor, rubbed in a little oil, half a drachm. Mix well, and spread on linen or skin. It has been much praised in rheumatic pains, and indolent ulcers. Van Mons. 
PLUMBI CARBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. [White Lead—Ceruse.] Camphorated Powder of Carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead, ten drachms. Starch, two drachms. Sarcocolla, Gum Arabic, " tragacanth, each, one drachm. Camphor, half a drachm. Triturate together. As an application to ulcers, Gianniui. 
Ointment of Carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead, two ounces. Simple ointment, one pound. Powder the carbonate very fine, add it to the ointment previously melted, and mix. U. S. Ph. As an application to excoriated or ulcerated surfaces. R. Carbonate of lead, six ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Olibanum, two ounces. Rose oil, three ounces. Whites of eggs, seven. Triturate together. Same uses as above. Harrer. 


359 
PLUMBI CHLORIDUM —PLUMBI IODIDUM. 
R. Carbonate of lead, one ounce. Litharge, two drachms. Armenian'bole, one ounce. Honey of roses, half an ounce. Lard, sufficient. Triturate together. As a dressing to phagedenic and cancerous ulcers. Swediaur. R. Carbonate of lead, one ounce. Opium, one drachm. Lard, . half an ounce. Anodyne balsam, sufficient. Mix. As an application in facial neuralgia. Fouquier. 
Camphorated Carbonate of Lead Ointment. R. Carbonate of lead, one ounce. Simple ointment, five ounces. Camphor, two scruples. Mix. Beashy. 
Plaster of Carbonate of Lead. R. Carbonate of lead, one pound. Olive oil, two pounds. White wax, three ounces. Water, two pounds. Melt the wax and oil together, add the carbonate of lead, and stir till mixed; then add the water and boil; malaxate, and melt again. Par. Cod. R. Carbonate of lead, one pound- Olive oil, two pints- Yellow wax, four ounces. Lead plaster, one pound and a half. Powdered orris root, nine ounces. Boil together the oil and carbonate of lead, adding a little water, and constantly stirring, f till they are perfectly incorporated, then add the wax and plaster; when these are melted, mix in the orris, and stir well. U. S. Ph., 183a. As a substitute for Mahy's plaster, and a good application to inflamed and excoriated surfaces, as bed sores, &.c. 
PLUMBI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Lead. R. Acetate of lead, nineteen ounces. Chloride of sodium, six ounces. Dissolve the two salts separately, the former in three pints of boiling, distilled water, the latter in one pint of distilled water; mix the solutions, and wash the precipitate with distilled water. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
Ointment of Chloride of Lead. R. Chloride of lead, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. Mix. As an application in cancerous ulcerations. Tuson. 
Lotion of Chloride of Lead. R. Chloride of lead, one drachm. Water, one pint. Dissolve: as a wash to cancerous ulcerations, and in painful neuralgic tumors. Tuson. 
PLUMBI IODIDUM. Iodide of Lead. R. Solution of iodide of potassium, " acetate of lead, each, sufficient. Add one solution gradually to the other, till there is no longer a precipitate, wash this in cold water, and dry it. Cottereau. R. Iodide of potassium, Nitrate of lead, each, one ounce. Water, a pint and a half. Dissolve the salts separately, each in one-half of the water; mix the solutions, collect the precipitate on a filler of linen or muslin, and wash it with water. Boil the powder in three gallons of water, acidulated with three fl. ounces of pyroligncous acid< Let any undissolved matter subside, maintaining the temperature near the boiling point, and pour off the clear liquor, from which the iodide of lead will crystallize on cooling. Ed. Ph. This is a preferable formula to that made with the acetate of lead, as above, or that of the Lond. Ph. 
Pills of Iodide of Lead. R. Iodide of lead, four grains. Conserve of roses, one scruple. Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning, gradually increased, in scrofulous affections. Foy. R. Iodide of lead, half a drachm. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and form one hundred and twenty pills Administered as above. Gassicourt 
Powder of Iodide of Lead. R. Iodide of lead, Powdered foxglove, each, six grains. Alcoholic extract of stramonium, two grains Sugar, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. One four times a-day. Gassicou*t 


360 
PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM — P. OXIDUM RUBRUM. 
Ointment of Iodide of Lead. R. Iodide of lead, one ounce. Lard, eight ounces. Mix. As an application to indolent and scrofulous swellings. Lond. Ph. 
PLUMBI OXIDUM SEMIVITREUM. Litharge. Lead Plaster. Diachylon. R. Litharge, in fine powder, five pounds. Olive oil, one gallon. Water, two pints. Boil together over a gentle fire, stirring constantly, till a plaster is formed. U. S. Ph. 
Lead Cerate. R. Lead plaster, six parts. White wax, half a part. Melt, mix, and add Olive oil, two parts and a half. Van Mons. 
Lead Ointment. R. Olive oil, eight parts. Lard, Butter, | Mutton fat, S- each, two parts. Yellow wax, Litharge, J Heat the oil, fats, and wax together, till they emit fumes; gradually add the litharge; stir constantly, till the mixture assumes a darkbrown color, and add Pitch, one part. Strain. Foy. This preparation is much used in France, under the name of Onguent de la Mere, as a inaturant to buboes, abscesses, &c. 
Compound Lead Ointment. R. Lead plaster, three pounds. Olive oil, eighteen fl. ounces. Melt together, and add Prepared chalk, six ounces. Diluted acetic acid, six fl. ounces, and s-tir till cold. Lond. Ph. R. Fresh root of figwort, three ounces." Leaves of henbane, three handfuls. Fresh butter, one pound and a half. Litharge, two ounces. Yolks of eggs, two. 
Boil the root and leaves in the butter, till all moisture is driven off; express, and strain; add the litharge; stir till cold, and add the yolks of eggs, and incorporate well. Saxon I'h. Celebrated as an application to painful hcinorrhoids. 
Diapalma Plaster. R. Lead plaster, eight pounds. White wax, eight ounces. Melt by a gentle heat, and add Sulphate of zinc, four ounces, dissolved in a little water; continue the heat, constantly stirring till all moisture is evaporated. Guibourt. 
Gaulthier's Plaster. R. Diapalma plaster, twelve parts. Olive oil, White wax, each, one part. Turpentine, two parts. Melt the first three articles together, with a gentle heat, and add the turpentine. Guibourt. 
Baynton's Adhesive Plaster. R. Lead plaster, one pound. Resin, six drachms. Melt together, and spread on muslin. Beasley 
Lead Cataplasm. R. Flaxseed meal, Arrowroot, each, two ounces. Water, eleven fl. ounces. Lead ointment, one ounce. Mix, and heat to a proper consistence. As a maturating application. Beral. 
Banyer's Ointment. 4 R. Litharge, two ounces. Burnt alum, Calomel, each, one ounce and a half. Lard, two pounds. Venice turpentine, half a pound. Mix. As an application in porrigo. Cazenave Sf Schedel. 
PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Red Lead. Nuremberg Plaster. R. Red lead, eight ounces. Olive oil, one pound. Mix, and heat till it assumes a brown color, add 


361 
PLUMBI SACCHARAS —PODOPHYLLUM. 
Resin, half an ounce. Yellow wax, one ounce and a half. Camphor, two drachms. Mix, and stir till well incorporated. Hessian Ph. 
PLUMBI SACCHARAS. Sacciiarate op Lead. 
R. Mix one part of sugar with two parts of nitric acid, diluted with ten of water, aud apply heat as long as any reaction takes place; neutralize with chalk, filter, and add to the filtered solution acetate of lead as long as any precipitate is found; wash this, and dry it. Beasley. 
Nitro-Sacciiarate of Lead. R. Saccharate of lead, at will. Dissolve in nitric acid, diluted with nineteen parts of water, filter, evaporate, and set aside to crystallize. Hoskins. 
Solution of Nitro-Sacciiarate of Lead. R. Nitro-saccharate of lead, five grains. Saccharic acid, twenty-five drops. Water, live ounces. Dissolve. Proposed as a solvent for phosphatic calculi. Hoskins. 
PLUMBI T ANN AS. Tannate of Lead. R. Strong infusion of galls, at will. Solution of acetate of lead, sufficient. Add the solution of the acetate, drop by drop, till it no longer causes a precipitate; wash this, and dry it. Fantonetti. 
Liniment oe Tannate of Lead. R. Decoction of oak bark, eight fl. ounces. Solution of acetate of lead, sufficient. Add the solution of lead to the decoction by degrees, till it causes no precipitate ; wash the precipitate, and add Alcohol, two drachms. Recommended in bed sores. Sundelin. 
Ointment of Tannate of Lead. R. Recent tannate of lead, twelve parts. Lard, thirty parts. Mix. As an application to bed sores. Tott 
R. Decoction of oak bark, six ounces. Solution of acetate of lead, one ounce and a half. Mix. Collect the precipitate, and mix whilst moist, Lard, one ounce. Camphor, ten grains. As an application to excoriations. Sundelin. 
PODOPHYLLUM. 
May Apple. 
This is the root or rhizome of the Podophyllum peltatum, a native, herbaceous plant, growing in damp situations, having two large peltate, palmate leaves. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat, Syst.. Berberidaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 722. Griffith, Med. Bot. 115. The dried root is about as thick as a quill, of a blackish-brown color externally, and somewhat corrugated ; within, it is of a dirty white; it has a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, somewhat sweetish taste. It is a purgative of the same character as jalap, and may be given in the same combinations. Dose, ten grains to a scruple. 
Extract of May Apple. R. May-apple root, in coarse powder, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Water, sufficient. Macerate the May-apple root for four days in the alcohol, and then obtain four pints of tincture by displacement with the water ; then, by same means, obtain six pints of infusion ; distil off the alcohol from tincture, and evaporate the infusion, till each are of the consistence of thin honey. Mix, and evaporate to a due consistence. Dose, five to fifteen grains. U. S. Ph. 
PoDOPIIYLLIN. 
R. May-apple root, one pound. Alcohol, Animal charcoal, in'coarse powder, each, a sufficient quantity. 
Reduce the May-apple root to powder, moisten it with half its weight of alcohol, introduce into a displacer, and pour on alcohol until four pints of tincture are obtained. Distil off the alcohol, treat the residual extract with ether to remove fixed oil, boil the residue with water, and dissolve what remains in alcohol, 42° B.; treat it with purified animal charcoal, and-allow the decolorized solution to evaporate spontaneously. The dry, amorphous mass, is podophyllin, and, in cathartic power, six grains of it are equal to eight of jalap resin. J. R. Lewi* 


362 
POTASSIUM —POTASSII CHLORIDUM. 
An impure podophyllin lias been prepared by W. S. Merrill, by precipitating the resin from a concentrated alcoholic tincture, by the addition of water. 
Pills op Podophyllin and May Apple. R. Podophyllin, ten grains. Extract of May apple, half a drachm. Mix and divide into ten pills. Dose, one or two pills. Thomas. 
Pills of Podophyllin and Iron. R Podophyllin, White turpentine, each, half a drachm. Carbonate of iron, oue drachm. Mix well, and divide into thirty pills. Eel. Med. Jour. 
Compound Pills of Podopiiyllin. R. Podophyllin, Scammony, Gamboge, each, in powder, » one drachm. Rub together for half an hour, and add Castile soap, half a drachm. Beat into a mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. Eel. Med. Jour. 
POTASSIUM. 
Potassium 
Is a soft, silver-white metal, readily oxidizable by the action of the air ; when thrown on water, it takes fire and burns with a rose-colored flame, combining with oxygen, and forming potassa which is dissolved in the water. It must be kept in liquids, into whose composition no oxygen enters, as naphtha, &c. It is not used in medicine, but its numerous compounds arc highly important. 
R. Fused carbonate of potassa, one pound. Iron filings, three quarters of a pound. Powdered charcoal, one pound. 
Mix, and introduce into a gun-barrel or iron bottle, placed in a furnace so made that the flame of a very strong fire may surround it, and maintain every part at a uniform heat approaching to whiteness; the gun-barrel or bottle is to be connected by an iron tube with a copper receiver partly filled with naphtha and surrounded by ice; the heat is to be gradually raised until the requisite temperature is reached, vlhen the potassium will distil over. Curaudau. 
POTASSII BROMIDUM. 
Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromine, two ounces. 
Iron filings, one ounce. 
Carbonate of potassa, two ounces and one drachm. 
Distilled water, four pints. To a pint and a half of the water, first add the iron and then the bromine. Set them aside ibr half an hour, occasionally stirring. Apply a gentle heat, and when the liquid becomes greenish, add the cnrbnnntc of potassa dissolved in a pint and a half of the water. Strain, and wash what remains in a pint of boiling distilled water, and again strain. Evaporate the mixed liquors to crystallization. U. S. J'h. 
Alterative and resolvent; used both externally and internally in bronchocelc and scrofula, in doses of two to ten grains, three times a-day. 
Solution of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, twelve grains. Lettuce water, three ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. To be given in tablespoonful doses, in the twenty-four hours, in scrofula. Foy. R. Bromide of potassium, one to two scruples. Syrup of orange peel, one fl. ounce. Water, three fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. Ellis. 
Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, thirty-four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In frictions on scrofulous swellings, and to tinea and tetter. Magendie. 
Compound Ointment of Bromide of Potassium. R. Bromide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Liquid bromine, six to twelve drops. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Magendie. 
POTASSII CHLORIDUM. Chloride op Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassa, at will. Dissolve in a sufficient quantity of water, filter, and add muriatic acid to saturation; concentrate the solution by evaporation, and cool slowly, that crystals may form. Guibourt. 


POTASSII CYANURETUM. 
363 
Formerly known as the Salt of Sylvius, and osed in fever to excite perspiration, and as a diuretic, in doses of from one to two scruples. 
Solution of Chlorinated Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, one part. - Water, ten parts. Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine gas through the solution, till it is saturated, and preserve in well-stopped bottles. This is known as Eau de Javelle, and is principally used for bleaching, but may be employed as a disinfectant, like Labarraquo's liquid. Guibourt. 
POTASSII CYANURETUM. Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium, dried, eight ounces. Carbonate of potassa, dried, three ounces. Mix the salts and throw the mixture into a deep iron crucible, heated to redness; keep up the temperature till effervescence ceases, and the fused mass concretes of a white color upon a warm glass rod dipped into it. Then pour the liquid carefully into a shallow dish to solidify, stopping be lore the salt becomes contaminated with the precipitated iron. Break up the mass while yet warm, and preserve it in well-stopped bottles. U-. S. Ph. 
Dose, one-eighth of a grain. R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium, dried, eight ounces. Pure carbonate of potassa, three ounces. 
Charcoal, in fine powder, one ouuee. Mix well, fuse in an iron vessel until effervescence ceases, and the fusion is tranquil; pour out the fused mass on an iron plate, and cool. Powder when cool, dissolve in alcohol (.900), and separate and dry the crystals which form on cooling, and preserve them in well-closed bottles. Wbhler. 
Pills of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium, Starch mixed with syrup of gum, each, half a grain. Mix, and make two pills. Dose, one morning and evening. In spasmodic affections of the chest. Foy. 
Solution of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium, twenty-two grains. Diluted alcohol, nine fl. drachms. Dissolve. Equal to hydrocyanic acid. Laming. 
Mixture of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium, seven grains and a half. Distilled water, oue pint. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Mix. A tablespoonful, night and morning, in pectoral affections. Magendie. R. Cyanuret of potassium, four grains. Distilled water, two ounces. Syrup, three drachms. Mix. A tea spoonful, every three or four hours, in asthma and chronic catarrh. Cadet. R. Tincture of castor, Musk, Nitrate of potassa, each, four grains. Cyanuret of potassium, two grains. Linden-flower water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. To be taken in divided doses, in twentyfour hours, in chorea. Fouquicr. R. Lettuce water, two ounces. Cyanuret of potassium, half a grain to a grain and a half. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful, every two hours. • Magendie. 
Syrup of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium, 
seven grains and a halt Simple syrup, one pound. 
Mix. Magendie. 
Lotion of Cyanuret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potassium, one to four grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. Foy. R. Cyanuret of potassium, eight grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Mix. To be applied by means of compresses, in cases of neuralgia, articular rheumatism, &c. Foy. R. Cyanuret of potassium, ten grains. Emulsion of bitter almonds, six ounces. Mix. As an application to chronic eruptions attended with much itching. Cazenave. 
Ointment of Cyantjret of Potassium. R. Cyanuret of potas- i sium, one to four grains Lard, one ounce. Mix. Lombard. 


364 
POTASSII IODIDUM. 
R. Cyanuret of potassium, twelve grains. Oil of almonds, two drachms. Cold cream, two ounces. Mix. To be rubbed on the skin to relieve neuralgic pains. Cazenave. 
POTASSII IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Potassa, six ounces. Iodine, in powder, sixteen ounces. Charcoal, " two ounces. Roiling water, three pints. 
Dissolve the potassa in the water, add the iodine gradually until in excess, stirring after each addition till the solution becomes colorless. Evaporate to dryness, stirring in the charcoal towards the close; rub to powder and heat to dull redness, maintaining the temperature for fifteen minutes. Cool, dissolve in water, filter, evaporate and crystallize. The mother liquor yields more crystals by evaporation. U. S. Ph. R Iodine, sixteen ounces. Distilled water, eight pints. Sulphuret of barium, sufficient. Sulphate of potassa, twelve ounces. 
Mix the iodine with the water, and gradually add the powdered sulphuret, until the solution becomes colorless, constantly stirring. Heat to the boiling point, add the sulphate of potassa, boil lor a quarter of an hour, and filter. Evaporate to crystallization. Mohr. 
R. Iodine, one hundred grains. Carbonate of potassa, seventy-five grains. Water, two drachms Iron filings, thirty grains 
Mix, and heat slightly, then to redness; the resulting red powder is to be treated with water; filtered, and evaporated to dryness. Pypues. 
Dose, two to fifteen grains, but has been given in still larger quantities. 
Pills of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, five drachms. Distilled water, six drachms. Crumb of bread, sufficient. Mix, and make three hundred pills. In goitre, leucorrhcea, &c. Pierquin. R. Iodide of potassium, fifteen grains. Burnt sponge, Extract of bittersweet, each, five drachms. Distilled water, sufficient. Mix, anc" make one hundred and eighty pills. Six, twice a-day, in scrofula and goitre. Vogt. 
Lozenges of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Sugar, three ounces. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. One to six, or more, a-day. Giordano. R. Iodide of potassium, seventy-five grains. Powdered coffee, half a drachm. " sugar, four ounces. Mucilage of gum, made with a strong infusion of coffee, sufficient. Mix, and make three hundred lozenges. Each contains a quarter of a grain of the iodide. In goitre, scrofula, &c. Pierquin. 
Solution of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, thirty-six grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Dose, ten minims. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. Fifteen drops, gradually increased, three times a-duy, in ovarian dropsy. Elliotson. R. Iodide of potassium, fWur ounces. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. Ten minims contain five grains of the iodide. Guy's Hosp. 
Injection of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one to three grains. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses in scrofulous patients. Foy. 
Mixture of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one to four drachms. Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. Mint water, two fl. drachms. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix. Foy. R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. Lettuce water, eight fl. ounces. Orange-flower water, one fl. drachm. Tincture of foxglove, one to two fl. drachms. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce and a half. Mix. Magendie. In hypertrophy of the heart. A teaspoonfu], morning and evening. 


365 
POTASSII IODIDUM. 
R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. Syrup, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two or three tablespoonfuls a-day. Cazenave. 
R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. Water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, three times a-day. Ellis. 
R. Quassia, 
Gentian, each, one drachm. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate for an hour, strain, and add Iodide of potassium, thirty-six grains. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, three times a-day. Cumming. 
R. Iodide of potassium, three grains. Medicinal hydrocyanic acid, ten to twelve drops. Lettuce water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in phthisis. Magendie, 
R. Iodide of potassium, two grains. Sulphate of magnesia, half an ounce. Tartar emetic, half a grain. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in scrofula. Radius. 
Syrup op Iodide op Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Simple syrup, one pound. Dissolve. ¦ Cadet. 
R. Iodide of potassium, twenty grains. Peppermint water, two fl. drachms. Simple syrup, ten fl. ounces. 
Mix. Giordano. 
R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Simple syrup, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Cazenave. 
Iodide op Potassium and Sarsaparilla. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Decoction of sarsaparilla, two pints. Syrup of orange-peel, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in glassfuls, during the day. Magendie. 
Ointment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce and a half. Mix. Magendie. 
The strength of this ointment may vary much, from containing a twenty-fourth of the salt, to an eighth or more, according as it may be required. In goitre, scrofulous swellings, &c. 
R. Iodide of potassium, in powder, one drachm. Boiling water, one fl. drachm. . Lard, one ounce. Dissolve the iodide in the water, and mix the solution with the lard. 17. S. Fh, 
R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Solution of potassa, two drops. Lard, one ounce and a half. Wax, three drachms. 
Mix. Coindet. 
R. Spermaceti, half an ounce. Olive oil, six drachms. White wax, two drachms. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Oil of lemon, " roses, each, three drops. Mix. This ointment docs not change color by keeping. Kallhofert. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Magnesia, six .grains. 
Rub together with a few drops of water, and add 
Rose water ointment, one ounce. Mix well. Hamb. Fh, 
R. Iodide of potassium, Carbonate of soda, each, half a drachm. 
Rose water ointment, six drachms. Mix well. In chronic enlargement of the testicle. Walthen. 
Ointment op Iodide op Potassium and Opium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm and a half. Lard, one ounce and a half. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Extract of opium, ten grains. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Mix. As a dressing to cancerous ulcers. 
Ointment of Iodide of Potassium 
and Mercury. R. Iodide of potassium, twelve to twenty grains. Mercurial ointment, half an ounce. Mix. In various diseases of the skin. Blarius 


366 
POTASSII SUPER.IODIDUM. 
R. Ointment of iodide of potassium, Mercurial ointment, . Oil of henbane, each, two ounces. H juniper, one drachm. Mix. Schonlein. 
When iodide of potassium and mercurial ointment are mixed, the globules soon appear; but if the iodide be artificially dried, previously, a uniform ointment is produced. 
R. Iodide of potassium, three parts. Iodide of mercury, two parts. Camphor, two parts. Galen's cerate, thirty-two parts. 
Mix. Used as a friction in acute hydrocephalus, in doses of half a drachm to a drachm. Golfin. 
Ointment op Iodide of Potassium and Morphia. 
R. Iodide of potassium, fifteen grains. Muriate of morphia, half a drachm. Lard, ten ounces. 
Mix. In painful tumors of the breasts, to be applied twice a-day. Chomel. 
Liniment of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. Alcohol, four ounces. Dissolve. 
R. Animal soap, one ounce and a half. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Add the two solutions together, aromatize with a few drops of oil of lavender, and pour into wide-mouthed bottles. Iioudet. 
R. White soap, seven drachms. alcohol, two fl. ounces. DiSolve by a gentle heat, and whilst warm, add, 
Iodide of potassium, four drachms, dissolved in 
Diluted alcohol, four fl. drachms. 
Beasley. 
R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 
Dissolve. 
Curd soap, six drachms. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 
Dissolve by a gentle heat, and add the solution of iodide of potassium, and aromatize. Foy. 
These are used as liniments in goitre. 
R White soap, ten drachms. Oil of almonds, ten drachms. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Water, one drachm. 
Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap and oil, melted together. Guibourt. 
Plaster of Iodide of Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. Prepared frankincense, six ounces. Wax, six drachms. Olive oil, two fl. drachms. Melt the frankincense and wax, add the iodide previously rubbed with the oil, and stir till cool. Lond. Ph. 
Soap of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Camphor, one drachm. Tincture of benzoin, three drachms. 
Add to the solution, triturating well, Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Goulard's extract, four drachms. 
Add to the mixture, 
Oil of almonds, thirty-four drachms. Solution of potassa, > two ounces. Essence of lavender, half a drachm. 
Mix well. As an application to chilblains. Cadet. 
POTASSII SUPER-IODIDTJM. 
IODURETTED POTASSIUM. 
R. Iodide of potassium, twenty parts. Iodine, six parts. 
Mix, and triturate together till the mass is homogeneous, and of a dark brown color. Giordano. 
To have a perfectly saturated salt, iodine in excess is to be added to a solution of the iodide until no more is dissolved. In the following preparations there is a mixture of the iodide and superiodide. 
IODURETTED WATER. 
R. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Iodine, one grain. Water, two pints. 
Dissolve. To be used as a drink at meals. 
Magendie. 
Lugol's Ioduretted Waters. 
No. l. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one grain and a half. Iodine, three-quarters of a grain. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. 
No. 2. 
R. Iodide of potassium, two grains. Iodine, one grain. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 


367 
POTASSII SUPER.IODIDUM. 
No. 3. 
R. Iodide of potassium, two grains and a half. Iodine, one grain and a quarter. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. Dissolve. The first is for young children, to be taken in divided doses, in three days; thesecond for those of more advanced age, in two days; the third for adults, in one day. Lugol. 
R. Iodide of potassium, six grains. Iodine, three grains. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. In poisoning by the vegetable alkaloids, in wineglassfuls, alter the stomach has been emptied. Bouchardat. 
Compound Solution of Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, ten grains. Iodine, five grains. Distilled water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Dose, two to six fl. drachms. Lond. Ph. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce and a half. Iodine, six drachms. Distilled water, one pint. Dissolve. Dose, six drops, three times a-day, in sweetened water. U. S. Ph. 
Ioduretted Baths. 
R. Iodide of potassium, four scruples. Iodine, two scruples. Water, ten fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To be added to a sufficient quantity of water. For children. 
R. Iodide of potassium, six drachms. Iodine, three drachms. Water, twenty fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To be added to a suflicient quantity of water. For adults. Foy. 
COLLYRIUM OF IODURETTED POTASSIUM. 
R. Iodide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Iodine, one to two grains. Rose water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be used four times a-day, in scrofulous ophthalmia. Ryan. 
Ioduretted Injection. 
R. Iodide of potassium, four grains. Iodine, two grains. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 
R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains. Iodine, four grains. Distilled water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To stimulate fistulous sinuses. 
Guibourt. 
Syrup of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Ioduretted potassium, twenty grains. Peppermint water, two fl. drachms. Simple syrup, two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve the biniodide in the peppermint water, and add the solution to the syrup. Giordano. 
Lotion of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, 
two to four grains. Iodine, one to two grains. Distilled water, eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. As an application in scrofulous ophthalmia, fistulas, &c. Lugol. 
Caustic Solutions of Ioduretted Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, two ounces. Iodine, one ounce. 
Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Dissolve. Guibourt. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce. Iodine, half an ounce. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Soubeiran. These two preparations are used to touch the eyelids in scrofulous ophthalmia. 
R. Iodide of potassium, Iodine, each, one ounce. Distilled water, two fl. ou^es. 
Mix. Guibourt. R. Iodide of potassium, 
Iodine, Distilled water, each, one ounce. 
Mix. Cadet. These are used to touch the surfaces of scro- 
fulous ulcers. 
Compound Tincture of Iodine. R. Iodide of potassium, one ounce Iodine, half an ounce. Alcohol, one pint. 
Dissolve. U. S. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium, two ounces- Iodine, one ounce 
Alcohol, (I m P-) two pints. Dissolve. Lond. Ph.- Dose, from fifteen to thirty drops. 


368 
POTASSII HYDRARGYRO-IODIDUM. 
of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, four drachms. , Iodine, ' two grains. Orange-flower water, Mint water, each, three fl. ounces. Mix. A dessertspoonful, three times a-day, in epilepsy. Magendie. R. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Iodine, half a grain. Syrup of poppies, half a fl. ounce. Distilled water, half a pint. Mix. Two tablespoonfuls, three times a-day, in syphilis combined with scrofula. Tyrrell. 
Compound Ointment of Iodine. R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Iodine, half a drachm. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Lard, two ounces. Rub the iodide and iodine with the alcohol, and then with 'the lard, until they are thoroughly mixed. U. S. Ph. R. Iodide of potassium, twenty-four grains. Iodine, twelve grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms. Iodine, eighteen grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. Lugul. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms and a half. Iodine, twenty-one grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. Lugol. R. Iodide of potassium, two drachms and a half. Iodine, twenty-four grains. Lard, two ounces. Mix. In scrofulous ulcers, &c. Lugol. 
Ointment of Biniodide of Potas- 
sium and Opium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Iodine, fifteen grains. Rousseau's laudanum, two drachms. Lard, two ounces. 
Mix. As an application to scrofulous ulcers. • Foy. 
Plaster of Ioduretted Potassium. R. Iodide of potassium, 
Iodine, each, ten grains to one scruple. Mercurial or soap plaster, two ounces. Mix As an application to syphilitic and gouty 
swellings. 
Fbers. 
POTASSII HYDR ARGYROIODIDUM. 
Hydrargyro-Iodide op Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, eight grains, dissolved in ten or fifteen minims of water. 
Red iodide of mercury, eleven grains. Mix. This contains twenty grains of the hydrargyro-iodide, and is not decomposed by water. Channing. 
R. Bichloride of mercury, one equivalent. Dissolve in a solution of 
Iodide of potassium, four equivalents. Evaporate to dryness, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Amb. Smith. 
Dose, one-twelfth of a grain, three times a-day; in many cases, a much smaller quantity is required to be given. 
Solution of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Iodide of potassium, three grains and a half. Red iodide of 
mercury, four grains and a half. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve first, the iodide of potassium, and then the mercurial salt in the water. The compound salt amounts to about eight grains. The dose is from two to five drops, three times a-day, much diluted, in dyspepsia, enlargement of the spleen, dropsy, &,c. Channing. 
R. Iodide of potassium", Red iodide of mercury, each, eight grains. Distilled water, eight ii. ounces. Mix. Dose, two fl. drachms and upwards, in the twenty-four hours. Puche. 
R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, twelve grains. Water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Mix. Lamothe. 
Tincture of Hydrargyro-Iodide op Potassium,. 
R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, one grain. Diluted alcohol, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. Ten drops, three times a-day. Channing. 
Pills of Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, Iodide of potas- 
eight grains. 
sium, each, 


369 
POTASSII SULPHO-CYANURETUM—POTASSII SULPHURETUM. 
Sugar of milk, sixty-four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty-two pills. Puche. R. Iodide of potassium, 
Red iodide of mercury, each, six grains. Opium, twelve grains. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Mialhe. 
Ointment op Hydrargyro-Iodide of Potassium. 
R. Red iodide of mercury, seven grains. Iodide of potassium, two scruples. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. To be applied to tumors, two or three times a-day. Hildreth. 
R. Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, one scruple. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. Lamothe. 
POTASSII SULPHO-CYANURETUM. 
SULPHO-CYANURET OF POTASSIUM. R. Ferro-cyanure't of 
potassium, three parts. Sulphur, one part. 
Pack in a crucible, heat to redness, for an hour, treat with alcohol, and evaporate to crystallization. Van Mons 
R. Prussian blue, » three parts. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. 
Put the mixture into a covered crucible, and heat to a dull redness for half an hour; treat with alcohol, filter the solution, evaporate, and crystallize. Van Mons. 
R. Digest an aqueous solution of cyanuret of potassium with sulphur, of which it will take up one-third. 
Filter, and evaporate. Beasley. 
POTASSII SULPHURETUM. Sulpiiuret op Potassium. Liver op Sulphur. R. Sulphur, one ounce. Carbonate of potassa, two ounces. Rub the carbonate of potassa, previously dried, with the sulphur; melt the mixture in a covered crucible over the fire; then pour it out, and. when cold, put it in a bottle, which is to be well stopped. U. S. Ph. A stimulant expectorant, and diaphoretic, in small doses, poisonous in large; used externally iu many cutaneous diseases. Dose, from two to ten grains, several times a-day. 24 
Hyposulphited Sulphuret op Potassium. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, one part. Solution of potassa, three parts. 
Mix, and heat on a sand-bath, until it marks 39° B. Guibourt. It consists of three parts of sulphuret, and one of hyposulphite of potassium. 
Ferro-Sulpiiuret of Potassium. R. Carbonate of potassa, 
Sulphur, each, one ounce. 
Black oxide of iron, two drachms. Mix, and melt in a crucible, pour out on a slab of marble, break in pieces, and keep in a wellclosed bottle. Dose, three to four grains. Ferrara Ph. 
Sulphuret of Potassium and Cream of Tartar. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four scruples. Cream of tartar, four drachms. 
Mix, and divide into twenty-four powders. Dose, one every four hours, in a glass of sweetened water. Said to be efficacious in mercurial salivation. Bories. 
Bolus of Sulphuret op Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, three grains. Conserve of elder berries, sufficient. Mix. Make six boluses ; one every <hrcc hours. In mercurial salivation. Brera. R. Sulphuret of potassium, six grains. Black oxide of iron, three grains. Extract of quassia, ten grains. Burnt sponge, sufficient. Mix, and make a bolus. One, morning and evening, in goitre and glandular affections. Phabus. 
Pills of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm. Extract of liquorice, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. Two to fito, several times a-day. 
Compound Pills of Sulphuret o* Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, Ammoniac, Extract of dandelion, each, one drachm. 
Soap, Rhubarb, each, half a drachm Opium, three grains 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Radius. 


370 
POTASSII SULPHURETUM 
Electuary of Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 
R. Butter of cocoa, two drachms. Oil of almonds, half an ounce. 
Melt together, and add, triturating well, Sulphuret of potassium, ten grains. Sugar, three drachms. 
As an alterative for children, in teaspoonful doses. Phoebus. 
Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, eight grains. Distilled water, sixteen grains. Dissolve, and add 
Simple syrup, one ounce. 
Par. Cod. 
A teaspoonful, for croup in children. 
Compound Syrup of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. Pennel water, sixteen ounces. Simple syrup, thirty-eight ounces. 
Mix. Once much celebrated as Willis's syrup, in croup, &c. Giordano. 
Syrup of Hyposulpiiited Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, sixteen grains. Simple syrup one ounce. Mix. Guibourt. 
Solution of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. Water, sufficient 
to make a solution of 30° B. Soubeiran. 
Water of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Washed sulphur, one part. Water of caustic potassa, eleven parts. Boil for ten minutes, and filter. Keep in wellstopped bottles. Dub. Ph. 1826. 
This is not analogous to a solution of sulphuret of potassium, as it contains much hyposulphite of potassa. Dose, ten minims to one fl. drachm, three times a-day. 
Tincture of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, sixteen ounces. 
Digest for twenty-four hours, and strain. 
Quincy. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, one ounce- Sulphur, two ounces. Melt together, and digest with Alcohol, one pound. Filter. Saxon. Ph. Recommended in itch, in doses of sixty drops. 
Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. "Water, half a pint. Dissolve. As a wash in herpetic and other cutaneous eruptions. , Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium, 
one to two parts. Water, sixteen parts. 
Dissolve. Foy- 
Compound Lotion of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, half an ounce. Soap, one ounce. 
Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, half a fl. ounce. Lime water, one pint. 
Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. Ellis. R. Sulphuret of potassium, 
one to two ounces. 
Water, one pint. Dissolve. 
R. Muriatic acid, one to two fl. ounces. Distilled water, two pints. 
Mix an ounce of each solution with four ounces of warm water. As an application in psora. Alibert. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, three drachms. 
Soap, one drachm and a half. Lime water, 
seven and a half fl. ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Mix. Burns. 
Known as Barlow's lotion, and used in various cutaneous diseases. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, two drachms. Soap, two drachms and a half. Lime water, seven fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. Biett. As a lotion in porrigo. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Sulphuric acid, half an ounce. Mix. As a lotion in itch, to be used morning and evening. Dupuytren. 


371 
POTASSA 
Sulphuret of Potassium-Bath. R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, twelve ounces. Dissolve, mix with the water of a bath. Beral. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, one ounce. Common salt, two ounces. Carbonate of soda, four drachms. Leaves of sage, one to two handfuls. Water, six quarts. 
Boil for twenty-four hours. In fomentations, douches, &c, in spina ventosa and scrofula. St. Marie. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, four ounces. Water, two hundred pints. 
Mix, and add 
Glue, two pounds, dissolved in ten pints of boiling water. Foy. 
Injection of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm. Distilled water, eight to twelve ounces. 
Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Wedekind. 
Mixture op Sulphuret op Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one drachm and a half. Bicarbonate of potassa, ten grains. Oil of peppermint, one to two drops. Syrup of orange peel, two ounces. Mucilage, one ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, every two hours, as an alterative in scrofula. Lockstaedt. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Carbonate of potassa, ten graius. Peppermint water, two ounces. Syrup of saffron, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in cutaneous diseases. Phoebus. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Water, one ounce. Syrup of cinnamon, two drachms. Mix. To be taken in three doses, in mercurial diseases. Dzondi. R. Sulphuret of potassium, one scruple. Kermes mineral, ten grains. Syrup of seneka, two ounces. Anisated ammonia, one scruple. Mix. A spoonful, every hour in croup. Hagen. R. Sulphuret of potassium, Sugar, each, one drachm. Water, one pint. Mix. Has been advised as an antidote in poisoning by arsenic. Augustin. 
Ointment op Sulphuret op Potassium. R. Sulphuret of potassium, Carbonate of soda, each, three drachms. .Lard, three ounces Mix. As an application in tinea capitis. AKbett R. Soap, one pound. Water, one ounce. Soften by means of a water-bath, and add Sulphuret of potassium, three ounce* Oil of pinks, two pounds. Mix well. Jadflut. R. Sulphuret of potassium, six ounce*. Water, two ounces. Dissolve, and add Soap, two pounds. Oil of pinks, four pound-. u thyme, two drachms. Mix. Giordano. R. Powdered soap, two ounces. Sulphuret of potassium, Water, each, one ounce. Mix well, and add, gradually, Olive oil, five ounces. This liniment alters rapidly when exposed to the air. Bend. 
Compound Plaster of Sulphuret of Potassium. 
R. Sulphuret of potassium, Powdered hemlock, each, two drachms. 
Camphor, Turpentine, each, four drachms. Soap, half a drachm. Yellow wax, one ounce. 
Simple plaster, four ounces. Melt and mix well. As a dressing to tumefied lymphatic glands. Bories 
Soap of Sulphuret of Potassium R. Sulphuret of potassium, one part. Boiling water, two parts Dissolve, and add 
Yellow wax, one part. Evaporate, stirring continually. Bavar. Ptu 
POTASSA. 
Caustic Potassa. 
R. Solution of potassa, one gallon. Evaporate quickly, in a clean iron vessel, over the fire, till ebullition ceases, and the potass* 


372 
POTASSA ACETAS. 
melts. Pour into moulds, and keep in wellstopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
A powerful escharotic, used to form issues and in opening abscesses. 
Solution of Caustic Potassa. R. Caustic potassa, 
one drachm and a half. 
Distilled water, two fl. ounces. Dissolve. As a rubefacient in tetanus, to be applied to the spine. Jos. Hartshorne. 
Potassa with Lime. R. Caustic potassa, Lime, each, one ounce. Rub them together, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. Lond. Ph. 
Used as the above, but is slower in producing an effect. It is to be made into a paste with a little alcohol. 
Solution of Potassa. Gr. 1.056.) R. Carbonate of potassa, one pound. Lime, half a pound. Boiling distilled water, one gallon. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in half a gallon of the water; pour a little of the water on the lime, and when slaked, add the remainder. Mix the hot liquors, and boil for ten minutes, stirring continually; set the mixture aside in a covered vessel, till clear. Decant, and keep in well-stopped bottles of green glass. U. S. Ph. R. Caustic potassa, one scruple. Water, one fl. ounce. Dissolve. This solution very nearly represents the above. W. Procter. 
Dose, ten to fifteen minims. 
llthontriptic solution of caustic Potassa. 
R. Calcined carbonate of 
potassa, half a pound. Burnt oyster shells, one pound and a half. Boiling water, eight pints and a half. 
Mix, and let rest for twenty-four hours, and then filter. One fl. drachm three times a-day, in flaxseed tea, adding fifteen grains of magnesia to each dose. Saunders. 
Saviard's Stimulant Lotion. R. Caustic potassa, two drachms. Campuoi, two scruples. Sugar, two ounces. Water, two pints. Mix As an apolication to indolent ulcers. Foy. 
COLLYRIUM OF CAUSTIC POTASSA. R. Caustic potassa, one grain. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. A drop or two to be introduced into the eye, to remove specks on the cornea. Gimbernat. R. Caustic potassa, one grain. Extract, of opium, four grains. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Dissolve, and filter. In chronic ophthalmia. Hamb. Fh. 
Mixture of Caustic Potassa. R. Tincture of caustic potassa, half an ounce. Volatile tincture of guaiacum, two drachms. Laudanum, half a drachm. Mix. Twenty drops, three times a-day, in gout. Greefe. 
Injection of Caustic Potassa. R. Caustic potassa, half a grain. Chamomile water, one ounce and a half. Laudanum, five drops. Mix. As an injection into the ear, in deafness. Rust. R. Caustic potassa, two grains. Distilled water, one ounce. Dissolve. As an injection, at the commence- * rnent of gonorrhoea. Girtanner. 
ACETAS. Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetic acid, one pint. Carbonate of potassa, sufficient to saturate. To be added gradually; filter; evaporate to dryness, by means of a sand-bath; keep in closely-stopped bottles. U. S. l'h. A diuretic, in doses of a scruple to a drachm ; as a laxative, in doses of two or three drachms. 
Scillitic Acetate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, half an ounce. Vinegar of squills, twelve fl. ounces. Evaporate to the consistence of honey, and add 
Alcohol (.842), six fl. ounces. Decant, after digesting for a few days. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in some demulcent fluid, in dropsy and asthma. Keup. 
Bolus of Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, one scruple. Conserve of pot marigold, sufficient. 


373 
POTASSA ARSEN ITIS LIQUOR. 
Mix. To be taken in the morning, for some days, to retard the secretion of milk. St. Marie. 
Compound Pills op Acetate op Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, Ammoniac, Pills of aloes and myrrh, each, one part. Soap, two parts. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of five grains. Van Mons. 
Conserve with Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, half an ounce. Sulphate of soda, one drachm. Juice of scurvy grass, " fumitory, " dandelion, each, two ounces. Sugar, sufficient. Mix, and form conserve. A teaspoonful, two or three times a-day, in obstructions of the bowels. Bories. R. Acetate of potassa, Powdered burnt sponge, each, two drachms. Calomel, twelve grains. Sulphuret of antimony, one drachm and a half. Jalap, sixteen grains. Sulphur, one drachm. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, twelve to twenty-four grains, twice a-day, in scrofula. Baumes. 
Liquid Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, one part. Distilled water, two parts. Dissolve. Amster. Ph. R. Acetate of potassa, at will. Expose to the action of the air, till it deliquesces, and filter. Pideret. Dose, forty to eighty drops, in an appropriate vehicle, as a diuretic. 
Mixture with Liquid Acetate op Potassa. R. Liquid acetate of potassa, two ounces. Extract of Peruvian bark, two drachms. " cascarilla, one drachm. Tincture of aloes and myrrh, one ounce. Mix. In intermittent fevers, complicated with obstruction and dropsy; in doses of thirty drops, every two hours, during the apyrexia. Bories. 
R. Liquid acetate of potassa, four ounces. Extract of centaury, two drachms. Sulphuric ether, twenty drops. Syrup of kermes, two ounces Mix. In dropsy and obstructions. In doses of thirty drops. Saunders 
Tincture of Acetate op Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, two ounces. Alcohol, four fl. ounces. Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Bruns. Ph. 
Mixture of Acetate of Potassa. R. Acetate of potassa, Extract of dandelion, u hemlock, each, half an ounce. Fennel water, six ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, every four hours, in jaundice. Quarin. R. Carbonate of potassa, fifteen grains. Distilled vinegar, sufficient to dissolve ; add to the solution Water, half an ounce. Mint water, one ounce. Pimento water, Vinegar of squill, each, one drachm. Simple syrup, two drachms. Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, every six hours, in dropsy. Milmnn. R. Arnica root, one drachm. Boiling water, sufficient to obtain four ounces of infusion; add Carbonate of potassa, saturated with vinegar of squill, half a drachm. Syrup of orange flowers. half an ounce. Mix. A spoonful every two hours in diopsy. Wendt. R. Acetate of potassa, Oxymel of squill, each, one drachm. Linden water, four drachms. Wine of opium, fifteen drops. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. In spoonful doses, as a diuretic and seda tive. Pierquin, 
POTASSiE ARSENITIS LIQUOR. Arsenical or Fowler's Solution. R. Arsenious acid, in small fragments, Pure carbonate of potassa, each, sixty-four grains 


374 
POTASSJE ARSENIAS — POTAS&E BORO-TARTRAS. 
Distilled water, sufficient. Compound spirit of lavender, half a fl. ounce. 
Boil the arsenious acid and carbonate of potassa with twelve fl. ounces of the water, in a glass vessel, till the acid is entirely dissolved. To the solution, when cold, add the spirit of lavender, and afterwards, sufficient distilled water to make it fill exactly the measure of a pint " U. S. Ph. 
Used in the same cases as arsenious acid, especially in intermittent fever. Each fl. drachm contains half a grain of arsenious acid. Dose, about ten drops, two or three times a-day. 
Mixture of Fowler's Solution. R. Fowler's solution, sixty drops. Laudanum, thirty drops. Compound spirit of lavender, one fl. drachm. 
Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, for an adult, a teappoonful for a child, every two or three hours. When given in this form, Fowler's solution is less apt to disagree with the stomach than if administered in the undiluted state. Ellis. 
Mixture of Iodine and Arsenic. R. Lugol'8 solution, two fl. drachms. Fowler's solution, one fl. ounce. Mix. Dose, five drops, three times daily. Ellis. 
POTASSiB ARSENIAS. Arseniate of Potassa. 
R. White arsenic, Nitre, each, one ounce. 
Pulverize separately, mix, and introduce into an earthenware retort; heat to redness, as long us nitrous fumes are evolved ; let cool, dissolve the residuum in four pints of boiling distilled water, evaporate, and crystallize. Dub. Ph., 1806. 
Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. 
Mixture of Arseniate of Potassa. R. Arseniate of potassa, 
one-fifth of a grain. Mint water, three ounces. Simple syrup, half an ounce. 
Mix. In spoonful doses, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. 
POTASSiE BORAS 
Borate of Potassa. 
R. Boracic acid, six parts. Bicarbonate of potassa, five parts. 
Mix, and heat to redness in a crucible, dissolve the residuum in water, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Dose, a few grains in calculous disorders. Beasley. 
POTASSES BORO-TARTRAS. 
Boro-tartrate of Potassa. R. Powdered bitartrate of 
potassa, four ounces. Boracic acid one ounce. 
Water, .three pints. Mix, and put in a silver basin, and boil till most of the water is evaporated, and continue the evaporation by a gentle heat, constantly stirring. When the matter has become thick, take it up in portions, flatten them, and dry in a stove; reduce them to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. Par. Cod. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, twelve ounces. Borate of soda, six ounces. 
Tartaric acid, three drachms. Dissolve in water, clarify with white of egg, and proceed as directed by the Paris Codex. Cambornac. 
R. Borax, one part. Boiling water, ten parts. 
Dissolve, and add 
Purified cream of 
tartar, two and one-half parts. Mix, and evaporate on a vapor-bath until it be. comes a tenacious mass; place on paper, dry by a gentle heat, and rub to powder. Wackrodcr. 
This is known as soluble cream of tartar. It is purgative in about the same dose as cream of tartar. 
Powder of Boro-tartrate of Potassa. 
R. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Borax, three drachms. Sugar, two ounces. 
Mix, and divide into three powders; one to be taken, in a glass of water, every half hour. Pierquin. 
Compound Pills of Boro-tartrate of Potassa. 
R. Boro-tartrate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Extract of buckbean, two ounces. Seneka snake-root, two drachms. Colchicum, one drachm and a half. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, six to twelve every two hours, as a hydragogue purgative. Augustin. 


POTASSiE CARBONAS 
375 
Solution of Boro-tartrate of Potassa. R. Cream of tartar, Borax, each, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Dissolve. Bories. 
Mixture of Boro-tartrate of Potassa. R. Boro-tartrate of potassa, four to six drachms. Juniper water, Parsley water, each, three ounces. Dissolve, and add Nitric ether, ' two drachms. Syrup of poppies, one ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, as a diuretic. Niemann. R. Boro-tartrate of potassa, one ounce. Mint- water, eight ounces. Nitric ether, two drachms. Oxymel of squill, one ounce. Mix. Two spoonfuls every two hours, as a diuretic. Selig. R. Boro-tartrate of potassa, half an ounce. Tartar emetic, one grain. Water, four ounces. Mix. In spoonful doses, in congestion of the head. Radius. 
Boro-tartrate of Potassa and Magnesia. 
R. Boro-tartrate of potassa, one part. Carbonate of magnesia, one-fourth part. Water, six parts. Dissolve the boro-tartrate in the water, saturate with the magnesia, evaporate carefully, till reduced to a tenacious paste, which divide into small masses, and dry in a stove. Mailliere Renault. 
Mixture of Boro-tartrate of Potassa and Magnesia. R. Boro-tartrate of potassa and magnesia, thirty parts. Citric acid, two parts. Syrup of lemon, sixty parts. Warm water, three hundred parts. 
Dissolve. Mailliere Renault. 
POTASSiE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Potassa. 
R. Impure carbonate of potassa, three pounds. Water, two pints and a half. 
Dissolve the impure carbonate in the water, filter, pour into a clean iron vessel, aud evapo. rate over a gentle fire, till the solution thickens; then remove 'from the fire, and stir constantly, with an iron spatula, till the salt granulates. u. s. Ph. 
Used as an antacid, and diuretic, &c. Dose, from five to twenty grains. 
Pure Carbonate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa, two pounds. Nitrate of potassa, one pound. Rub them separately into powder, mix, and throw the mixture into a brass vessel, heated nearly to redness, that they may undergo combustion ; from the residue prepare the pure carbonate as directed for the carbonate. U. 8. FL, 1940. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, one pound. Put it in an iron crucible, heat gradually to redness for half an hour; when cold, remove tlic carbonate, dissolve in water, filter, and evaporate to dryness in a porcelain crucible. U. S. FL, 18. r )0. 
Solution of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, one pound. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter. U. S. Ph. Dose, ten minims to a fl. drachm, properly diluted. 
Powder of Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, ten graiu.i. Powdered chamomile, " myrrh, each, twenty-four grains. Mix. To be taken every hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Foy. R. Carbonate of potassa, one part. Powdered gum Arabic, eight part:-. Triturate together for a long time. Dose, halt* a drachm to a drachm, dissolved in water, in engorgement of the bowels. Guibourt. 
COLLYRIUM OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. R. Carbonate of potassa, two to six grains. Water, one ounce. Mix. To be dropped in the eye every two to four hours, in specks on the cornea. Hindey. R. Carbonate of potassa, twenty-five grains. Veal broth, filtered, Celandine water, each, two ounces Digest for twenty-four hours on a sand-bath, filter, and add Tincture of aloes, twenty-four drops In specks on the cornea. Bories 


376 
POTASSjE CARBONAS 
Tincture of Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, one part. Calcine it with a strong heat in a crucible for two hours, pour it in a heated mortar, pulverize it rapidly, and pour on the hot powder, Alcohol, four parts. Digest for fifteen days in a stove, often agitating, and filter. Guibourt. This is a weak alcoholic solution of caustic potassa. 
COLLUTORY OF CARBONATE OF POTASSA. R. Alcohol, four ounces. Essence of mint, twenty drops. " roses, eight drops. Cochineal, Carbonate of potassa, each, ten grains. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and filter. Much esteemed as a mouth-wash and gargle, under the name of " Oriental Water." A teaspoonful is to be used, mixed with a glass of water. Delabarre. 
Emulsion with Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple. Yolk of egg, three drachms. Mucilage, one drachm. Oil of almonds, Cherry water, each, one ounce. Linden water, two ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, in the colic of children. Rosenstein. 
Fomentation with Carbonate of Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, Soap, each, one ounce. Elder water, two pounds. Dissolve, filter, and add Sal ammoniac, two drachms. As an application to bruises, &c. Cadet, 
Liniment with Carbonate op Potassa. R. Solution of carbonate of potassa, two ounces. Olive oil, four ounces. Yolks of eggs, two. Mix. As an application to chaps. Plenck. 
Lotion op Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, three drachms. Water, four ounces. In oruritus vaginae. Trousseau. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, one ounce. Rose water, one pound. Dissolve, and filter. As an application to chilblains. Brugnatelli. R. Carbonate of potassa, three drachms. Common salt, two drachms. Rose water, eight ounces. Orange-flower water, two ounces. Mix. As a lotion in sunburn and tan. Sundelin. 
Mixture of Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Laudanum, forty drops. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, as an expectorant. Ellis. R. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple. Lemon juice, four fl. drachms. Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. Wine of ipecacuanha, fifteen to twenty drops. Mix. To be taken every three or four hours, as a diaphoretic. Burke. R. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm Oil of mint, two drops. Laudanum, ten drops. Water, three ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful for a dose, as may be required, in sickness of the 6tomach. Ellis. R. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Peppermint water, four ounces. Hoffmann's anodyne, two scruples. Simple syrup, half an ounce. Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful in asthma, with acidity of the stomach. Auguslin. R. Carbonate of potassa, White sugar, each, one drachm. Compound spirit of lavender, two fl. drachms. Laudanum, forty drops. Mint water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful, every hour or two, in sickness of the stomach, with acidity. Ellis. R. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Cinnamon water, four fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in pyrosis. Ellis. 


377 
POTASSjE BICARBONAS — POTASSJ3 ET AMMONLE CARBONAS. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, Ipecacuanha, Calomel, each, one drachm and a half. Water, two pints. Boil down to one-half in an earthen vessel. Two spoonfuls a-day, in a quart of infusion of sarsaparilla. St. Marie. R. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Elder-flower water, six ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, in angina, accompanied with aphtha, in catarrhal fevers. Radius. R. Carbonate of potassa, one scruple. Cochineal, half a drachm. Hyssop water, four ounces. Syrup of poppies, " tolu, each, half an ounce. Orange-flower water, Syrup of ipecacuanha, each, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful, every two hours, in hoopingcough. Bories. 
Compound Tincture of Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, Cinnamon water, each, one pound. Opium, two ounces. Vinous cinnamon water, four ounces. Digest in a water-bath for three weeks, often agitating; and add to the filtered solution, Gum Arabic, two ounces. Carbonate of ammonia, one ouuce. Cinnamon water, six ounces. In syphilis. Niemann. Ointment of Carbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, one ounce. Sulphur, two ounces. Lard, four ounces. Mix. As a friction in itch. Brera. 
BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate op Potassa. R. Carbonate of potassa, four pounds. Distilled water, ten pints. Dissolve the carbonate in the water, and pass carbonic acid through the solution, till it is fully saturated. Then filter and evaporate, that crystals may form, taking care that the heat does not exceed 160° F. Pour off the supernatant liquor, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. Carbonic acid is obtained from marble, by the addition of dilute sulphuric acid. U. S. Ph. 
Properties are the same as those of the carbonate, but it generally agrees better with the stomach. Dose, twenty grains to half a drachm. 
Effervescing Powders of Bicarbonate of Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, six hundred and forty grains Divide into sixteen powders. R. Tartaric acid, one ounce. Divide into sixteen powders. Keep the acid and alkaline powders in paper* of different colors. Ed. Ph. Usually made with the bicarbonate of soda. 
Effervescing Solution of Bicarbonate of Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, one drachm. Distilled water, one pint (Imp.). Dissolve, and pass into it carbonic acid, compressed by force, more than is sufficient for saturation; keep in a well-stopped vessel. Ed. Ph. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, twenty grains. Mineral water, (of the shops,) half a pint. Mix and drink in a state of effervescence. Pereira. 
Mixture op Bicarbonate op Potassa. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, ten to fifteen grains. Seltzer water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. To be taken three or four times a-day, as an antilithic. Ellis. R. Bicarbonate of potassa, one drachm. Mint water, six fl. ounces. Dissolve. A spoonful every hour—has been recommended in cholera. Amman. 
POTASSA ET AMMONIJ! CARBONAS. Carbonate op Potassa and Ammonia. R. Carbonate of potassa, four parts. " ammonia, one part. Water, sufficient to dissolve the two salts. Pass a current of car bonic acid through the solution to saturation, heat gently, and let crystallize. In doses of half a drachm, in half an ounce of mint water, four times a-day, in diabetes, dyspepsia, gravel, &c. Sweduiur 


« 
378 
POTASS.E CIILORAS — POTASS.E CITRAS. 
POT ASS M CHLORAS. 
Chlorate of Potassa. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, two parts. Quicklime, one part. 
Mix and expose to a current of chlorine gas. When saturated, heat the mixture gently, digest it in water, and separate the chlorate from the filtered liquid, by crystallization. Graham. 
R. Caustic potassa, one part. Water, sufficient 
to form a solution of sp. gr. 1.110. 
Lime, five and one-half parts. Mix and heat to temp, of 122° F.; then pass chlorine through the mixture to saturation. Lvaporate nearly to dryness, dissolve in boiling water, filter, and crystallize. 1<\ C. Calvert. 
Has been used in scurvy, chronic hepatitis, syphilis, &c, in doses of fifteen to twenty grains. 
Powder of Chlorate of Potassa. R. Chlorate of potassa, 
six to eight grains. Sugar, one scruple. 
Mix. To be given two to four times a-day, in phthisis, to diminish the febrile state. Radius. 
Stevens's Saline Powder. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, seven grains. Chloride of sodium, one scruple. Bicarbonate of soda, half a drachm. 
Mix. For a dose. Stevens. Recommended in cholera. 
Solution of Chlorate of Potassa. R. Chlorate of potassa, one drachm. Distilled water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Copland. 
As a lotion to indolent ulcers. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, half a drachm. Syrup, two and a half drachms. Water, twelve and a half drachms. 
Mix. To be given in the course of the day, in tablespoonful doses, in cancrum oris. //. Hunt. 3c. Chlorate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Distilled water, five fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A tablespoonful, every two hours, in obstinate rheumatism, tic-douloureux, &c. Knod. 
POTASSA CITRAS. Citrate op Potassa. R. Citric acid, ten ounces. Bicarbonate of potassa, fourteen ounces. Water, two pints. 
Dissolve the acid in the water, and gradually add the bicarbonate; when effervescence ceases, filter the solution, if necessary, through paper, and evaporate to dryness, observing to stir con. stantly, as soon as the salt begins to granulate. Then rub it in a mortar, pass it through a coarse sieve, and put it in bottles, which must be closely stopped. U. S. Ph. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, three drachms. Fresh lemon juice, sufficient 
to saturate. Let stand for twenty-four hours, filter, and evaporate to dryness. Van Mons. 
Effervescing Draught. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, two drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 
R. Fresh lemon juice, Distilled water, each, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Add two tablespoonfuls of the diluted lemon juice, to one of the alkaline solution, and let the mixture be taken in a state of effervescence. 
An excellent diaphoretic. Ellis. 
Solution of Citrate of Potassa. (Neutral Mixture.) 
R. Citric acid, half an ounce. Oil of lemon, two minims. Water, half a pint. Bicarbonate of potassa, sufficient. 
Rub the citric acid with th*e oil of lemon, and then with the water, till dissolved ; lastly, add the bicarbonate of potassa gradually, till the acid is perlectly saturated, then filter. U. S. Ph. 
This neutral mixture is used where fresh lemon juice cannot be procured ; it is as efficacious, but is not as agreeable. 
R. Citrate of potassa, three drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. Oil of lemon, two drops. White sugar, two drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful to be taken every two hours. In same cases as the neutral mixture. 
Ellis. 
Compound Neutral Mixture. R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Carbonate of potassa, sufficient to saturate ; add Mint water, seven fl. ounces. Tartar emetic, one grain. Syrup, half an ounce. Mix. Lisbon Ph. 


379 
POTASSiE IODAS —POTASSiE NITRAS PURUM. 
Mixture of Citrate of Potassa and Peruvian Bark. 
R. Lemon juice, one fl. ounce and a half. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Tincture of Peruvian bark, 
one fl. ounce. 
Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. To promote insensible perspiration while taking bark. Ellis. 
IODAS. Iodate op Potassa. R. Iodine, at will. Caustic potassa, sufficient. Dissolve the iodine in the alkali, till the solution begins to become colored. Evaporate to dryness; treat the residue with alcohol, and preserve the residue. The alcohol takes up the iodide of potassium. Ferrara Ph. R. Iodide of potassium, one part. Euse in a capacious crucible, and gradually add to the fused salt, after removing from the fire, 
Chlorate of potassa, one and a half parts. 
Wash the mass with warm water, which leaves the iodate undissolved. Beasley. 
Syrup of Iodate of Potassa. 
R. Iodate of potassa, twenty grains. Peppermint water, two drachms. Simple syrup, ten ounces. Mix. Giordano. 
POTASSiE NITRAS. 
Nitrate of Potassa. (Nitre — Saltpetre.) 
POTASSA NITRAS PURUM. 
Purified Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa, four pounds. Distilled water, five pints. Dissolve the nitre in two pints of boiling water, and stir the solution till it cools. Decant, drain the crystals, and wash with the remainder of the water. Finally dry in an oven. Dub. Ph. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 
Fused Nitrate op Potassa. Sal Prunelle. R. Nitrate of potassa, at will. Melt in a crucible, and cast it into moulds. Guibourt. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, 
two pounds and a half, 
Melt in a crucible, adding gradually- Sulphur, half an ounce. 
After the deflagration, and the mixture issomr. what cooled, pour it into a basin, and turn this in all directions, so that the mass may cool in a third and uniform layer. When cool, break this in pieces. Span. Ph. This preparation will contain some sulphate of potassa. 
Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Orris Root. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, one drachm. Spermaceti, two drachms. Sugar, Orris root, each, one ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, in catarrhal affections. Augustin. 
Nitrous Powders. 
R. Powdered nitre, one drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Calomel, four grains. 
Mix, and divide into eight powders. One every two hours. As a diaphoretic, &c, in fevers. Dewees. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, two ounces. Bitartrate of potassa, four drachms. Tartar emetic, four graius. 
Mix. Dose, ten to thirty grains. Univer. Coll. Hosp. 
Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Squill. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, fifteen grains. Powdered squill, " pimento, each, ten grains. Mix. Dose, ten grains, two to three times a-day, as a diuretic. Swediaur. 
Powder of Nitrate of Potassa and Camphor. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, ten grains. Camphor, four to eight grains. Gum Arabic, twenty-four grains. Mix, and triturate well; one-third to one-half 
at a dose. Foy. 
Pills of Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa, six drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, three drachms. " liquorice root, " marsh mallow, each, three ounces. 
Simple syrup, sufficient Mix, and make pills of five grains. In inflammation of the urethra and dysuria; five or six, three times a-day. Foy. 


380 
OXALAS. 
Pills op Nitrate op Potassa and Camphor. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, four parts. Camphor, Conserve of roses, each, two parts. 
Mix, and make pills of four grains. Two to ten a-day, in gonorrhoea. Guibourt. 
Nitrated Emulsion. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, two drachms. Sugar of milk, one ounce. 
Extract of henbane, half a scruple. Emulsion of almonds, one pound. 
Mix, and dissolve. A spoonful every hour, in gonorrhoea. Phoebus. 
Cooling Lotion of Nitrate of Potassa. 
ft. Nitrate of potassa, Sal ammoniac, each, one part. Water, forty-eight parts. Dissolve, and add Vinegar, four parts. As a lotion and application, by means of compresses, to contusions and ecchymoscs. Hep. Ph. 
Nitrate of Potassa Gargle. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, seven drachms. Barley water, fourteen fl. ounces. Oxymel, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. As a gargle, in inflammatory sore throat. Ainslie. 
Mixture of Nitrate of Potassa. R. Nitrate of potassa, eight grains. Tincture of digitalis, fifteen to twenty drops. Water, ten fl. drachms. Sweet spirit of nitre, Syrup of roses, each, half a fl. drachm. 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a diuretic. Burke. 
R. Nitrate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. Mucilage of gum Arabic, two fl. ounces. Antimonial wine, forty minims. Syrup of orange peel, half a fl. ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. One fl. ounce, three times a-day, in remittent fever, with hot skin. Ainslie. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, eight to ten grains. Water, eleven fl. drachms. Solution of tartar emetic, fifteen drops. 
Simple syrup, Sweet spirit of nitre, each, half a fl. drachm. 
Mix. To be taken twice a-day, as a diapho. retic. Burke. 
R. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Nitrate of potassa, half an ounce. Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A spoonful every two or three hours, as an antispasmodic. Radius. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, half an ounce. Barley water, one pound. Syrup of marsh mallow, six ounces. Oil of almonds, four ounces. 
Mix. A glassful every four hours, in dysury and strangury. Cadet. 
R. Nitrate of potassa, two drachms. Decoction of asparagus, two pounds. Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses, as a diuretic. Brera. 
R. Juniper berries, bruised, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. 
When cold, strain, and add 
Nitrate of potassa, two drachms. Syrup of ginger, one fl. ounce. 
Dose, one ounce to an ounce and a half, every three or four hours, in dropsy. Hartman. 
POTASSA OXALAS. 
Oxalate of Potassa. 
The article usually sold as oxalate of potassa, salt of sorrel, &c, is the quadroxalate of jwtassa. It is not much used in medicine, but is employed in the arts, to remove ink and iron stains from linen and cotton; to bleach the straw for bonnets, &c. 
R. Oxalic acid, one part. Carbonate of potassa, suflicient 
to saturate; add to the solution three parts more of the acid; evaporate, and crystallize. Cooley. 
Powder of Oxalate of Potassa. 
R. Oxalate of potassa, twenty grains. Tartrate of potassa, Sulphate of potassa, each, one drachm. Scammony, fifteen grains. Red saunders, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken in the morning, in intermittent fevers. Two doses are stated to be sumcient. Giordano. 
Lozenges of Oxalate of Potassa. R. Oxalate of potassa, 
one drachm and a half. 


381 
POTASSjE SILICAS —POTASSIE BISULPHAS. 
White sugar, • eight ounces. Gum tragacanth, two scruples. Lemon water, five drachms. 
Oil of lemon, eight drops. 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Guibourt. 
POTASSA SILICAS 
Silicate of Potassa. 
R. Powdered quartz or flint, one part. Subcarbonate of potassa, two parts. 
Mix, and fuse in a crucible; when cool, dissolve in water ; filter, and evaporate to dryness. Ure, 
Solution of Silicate op Potassa. R. Silicate of potassa, 
ten to fifteen grains. Distilled water, six to eight fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. To be taken twice a-day, to remove gouty concretions. Ure. 
Soluble Glass. 
R. Subcarbonate of potassa, 
seventy parts. Subcarbonate of soda, fifty-four parts. Silex, one hundred and ninety-two parts. 
Melt together. The resulting glass is soluble in boiling water. The solution tortus a fine, transparent, elastic varnish. Dobereiner. 
POTASSiE SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Potassa. 
R. Residuum of the preparation of nitric acid, two pounds. Boiling water, two gallons 
Expel the excess of acid by heating the salt in a crucible; boil the remainder in the water, till a pellicle forms; filter the solution; set aside to crystallize; pour off the water, and dry the crystals. Lond. Ph., 1836. 
A mild cathartic, in doses of one drachm ; but in doses of four or five drachms it acts as an irritant. 
Compound Saline Powder. 
R. Sulphate of potassa, three ounces. Muriate of soda, Sulphate of magnesia, each, four ounces. Dry the salts separately, with a gentle heat; then triturate them well together, and preserve in glass vessels. ' Ed. Ph. 
Aperient, in doses of two or three drachms, dissolved in half a pint of carbonic acid water. To be taken before breakfast. 
Powder of Sulphate of Potassa and Rhubarb. 
R. Sulphate of potassa, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, half a drachm. k " chamomile, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders; one, twice a-day, in sugar and water, in dyspepsia and torpor of the bowels. EUis. 
R. Suiphate of potassa, two ounces. Powdered rhubarb, one ouuee. 
Sal ammoniac, half an ounce. Mix. Half a drachm, in same cases as the last Pfaff. 
Pills of Sulphate of Potassa. R. Sulphate of potassa, two drachms. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. Oil of fennel, six drops. Extract of blessed thistle, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Dose, five or six a-day, as a purgative. Phoebus-. 
Mixture with Sulphate of Potassa. R. Centaury, 
Chamomile, each, one ounce. 
Water, sufficient to obtain three pints of infusion; add 
Sulphate of potassa, Honey, each, two ounces. 
Three wine-glassfuls a-day, in fevers. Swediaur. 
Effervescing Draught of Sulphate op Potassa. 
R. Sulphate of potassa, Carbonate of soda, each, one drachm. 
Dissolve separately, in two fl. ounces of water, each; mix, and take whilst effervescing. Barker. 
POTASSiE BISULPHAS. BlSULPHATE OF POTASSA- 
R. Salt remaining after distillation of nitric acid, two pounds. Sulphuric acid, one pound. Boiling water, (I m pO six pints. Dissolve the salt in the water, add the acid, and mix. Boil down the solution, and set aside, that crystals may form. Lond. Ph., 183U 
Aperient and tonic, in doses of one to two drachms, properly diluted. 


382 
POTASSJE ET AMMONITE SULPHAS— BITARTRAS. 
Disinfecting Powder. R. Acid sulphate of potassa, four hundred and ten parts. Subacetate of lead, seventy parts. Manganese, thirty parts. Reduce these, separately, to fine powder, and, when wanted, mix in a proper vessel. Keist. 
POTASSA ET AMMONIJE SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Potassa and Ammonia. R. Risulphate of potassa, one part. Boiling water, two parts. Dissolve, and add 
Solution of ammonia, sufficient to saturate ; and crystallize. Van Mons. 
POTASSiE ET MAGNESIA SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Potassa and Magnesia. R. Sulphate of potassa, three and a half parts. Sulphate of magnesia, ten parts. Boiling water, sufficient. Filter and crystallize. 
POTASSiE SULPHAS CUM SULPHUR B. 
Sulphate of Potassa with Sulphur. R. Nitrate of potassa, 
Sulphur, equal parts. Mix, and throw in small successive portions into a red-hot crucible; when cool, reduce to powder, and keep in well-closed bottles. Ed. Ph. 
Has much the same properties as the sulphate of potassa. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm. 
POTASSiE TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassa. Soluble Tartar. 
R. Carbonate of potassa, sixteen ounces. Bitartrate of potassa, three pounds, or sufficient. Boiling water, one gallon. Dissolve the carbonate of potassa in the water, then gradually add the bitartrate in fine powder to the solution, till it is perfectly saturated, 
and boil. Filter the liquor, evaporate till a pellicle forms, and set aside to crystallize. Pour off the liquid, and having dried the crystals on bibulous paper, keep them in closely-Stopped bottles. U. 8. Ph. 
A mild, cooling purgative, in doses irom a drachm to an ounce. 
Powder of Tartrate of Potassa and Rhubarb. 
R. Tartrate of potassa, two drachms. Powdered rhubarb, 
" orange peel, each, one drachm. 
Oil of cajeput, one scruple. Mix. A teaspoonful, three times a-day, in obstructions of the portal system. St. Marie. 
Mixture of Tartrate of Potassa. R. Tartrate of potassa, 
six to eight drachms. Infusion of chicory, twenty ounces. Manna, two ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in the morning, in four portions, every day or every second day, for a fortnight, in chronic affections of the liver. Grant, 
R. Tartrate of potassa, one ounce. Extract of soapwort, half an ounce. Balm water, six ounces. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, night and morning-, in all forms of heinoniioida] disease. Radius. 
R. Tartrate of potassa, half an ounce. Extract of centaury, two drachms. • Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour or two, in obstructions of the liver. Swediaur. 
R. Tartrate of potassa, one drachm. Nitrate of potassa, half a drachm. Manna, one ounce. 
Decoction of dandelion, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, every two hours, in dropsy consecutive to scarlet fever. Phasbus. 
POTASSiE RITARTRAS. 
Bitartrate of Potassa. Cream of Tartar. 
This is cathartic, diuretic, and cooling. The dose is from one to two drachms, as an aperient; and from half an ounce to one ounce, as a hydragogue purgative. 
Dentifrice of Bitartrate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, six parts. Powdered shell-lac, eight parts. 


383 
POTASSiE ET AMMONITE TARTRAS. 
Powdered cuttlefish bone, " orris root, each, eight parts. " cloves, " myrrh, " mastich, each, two parts. 
Triturate well together. Guibourt. R. Bitartrate of potassa, 
Rhatany, equal parts. Orris root, sufficient 
to give an agreeable odor. Triturate well together. Ferrara Fh. 
Powder of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Ritartrate of potassa, three ounces. Nitrate of potassa, three drachms. Sugar, four ounces. Mix. Dose, one to two drachms, in whey, as a laxative. St. Marie. 
R. Bitartrate of 
potassa, a drachm and a half. Powdered squill, two grains. " digitalis, one grain. " ginger, five grains. 
Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight nours. In ascites and anasarca. 
A. T. Thomson. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, thirty grains. Powdered squill, two grains. " ginger, four grains. Mix. Make a powder, to be taken every eight nours. Useful in ascites. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, six drachms. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. Give one powder every three hours, in dropsical cases, requiring purging. Chapman. 
Electuary of Bitartrate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, one ounce. Powdered ginger, Conserve of roses, each, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix. To be taken in spoonful doses, as a hydragogue purgative. Monro. 
Oxymel of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa, one part. Clarified honey, two parts. Mix. As a purgative in bilious fever and dropsies. Swediaur. 
Solution of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa, one ounce. Water, two pints. Dissolve. To be taken freely during the day, as a diuretic. Ellis. 
Compound Solution of Bitartrate of Potassa. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, two drachms. Manna, two ounces. Water, eight ounces. Lemon juice, halt an ounce. 
Mix, and clarify with the white of an egg; infuse a small quantity of orange peel in the fluid, and strain on cooling. A pleasant laxative. Taddei. 
Mixture of Bitartrate of Potassa. R. Bitartrate of potassa, two scruples. Antimonial wine, Vinegar of squill, each, half a drachm. Parsley water, one ounce and a half. Syrup of seneka, six drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in dropsy supervening on scarlatina. Vngt. R. Bitartrate of potassa, half an ounce. Barley water, two pounds. Dissolve, and add 
Brandy, one to two ounces. Much praised as a diuretic in dropsies. Mdman. R. Bitartrate of potassa, one ounce. Borax, two drachms. Boiling water, sufficient to dissolve. To ten ounces of the cooled solution add 
Nitrate of potassa. two drachms. Oxymel, two ounces. 
Mix. Beasley. R. Bitartrate of potassa, 
Extract of hore- 
hound, each, two drachms. Balm water, three ounces. 
Mix. One half to be taken morning and evening, in hemorrhoids, with constipation. Augustin. 
Imperial Drink. 
R. Bitartrate of potassa, half an ounce. Lemon, cut into slices, one. 
White sugar, half a pound. Water, three pints. Mix. Let stand for half an hour, and strain. A pleasant, cooling drink. Gray 
POTASSiE ET AMMONITE TARTRAS. 
Tartrate of Potassa and Ammonia R. Bitartrate of potassa, one pound Boiling water, sufficient to dissolve; add gradually, 


384 
PRINOS — PRUNUS VIRGINI AN A. 
Solution of ammonia, sufficient to saturate the excess of the acid; filter, and evaporate, so that crystals may form. Hamb. Ph. 
Solution op Tartrate op Potassa and Ammonia. 
R. Solution of carbonate of 
ammonia, six ounces. Add, gradually, 
Bitartrate of potassa, sufficient to saturate; let stand for some hours, and filter. Diuretic, in doses of a drachm. Leipsic Ph. 
Mixture op Tartrate op Potassa 
and Ammonia. 
R. Tartrate of potassa and ammonia, half an ounce. , Fennel water, six fl. ounces. Extract of dandelion, 
Clarified honey, each, one ounce. Mix. A spoonful every hour, as a diuretic. Phoebus. 
PRINOS. 
Black Alder 
This, which is also known as Winter berry, is an indigenous shrub, found in most parts of the country,principally in low,moist situations; flowering in June, and bearing numerous scarlet berries, which remain on the bush after the fall of the leaves. 
Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Aquifoliacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 471. Griffith, Med. Bot 434. The officinal portion is the bark, which, when dried for use, is in slender pieces, of a greenishwhite color internally, and of an ash-grey, mixed with brown, externally; brittle, inodorous, and of a bitter, astringent taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used with success in diarrhoea, intermittent levers, &c.; The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm, three or four times a-day. 
Decoction of Rlack Alder. R. Black alder, two out 
two ounces. 
Boiling water, three pints. 
Boil down to a quart, and strain. One gill, every two hours. W. P. C. Barton. 
PRUNUM. 
Prunes. 
Pruned are the dried fruit of various varieties of Prunus domestica, or cultivated Plum tree. They are principally derived from the south of 
France, and are much used as an article of dessert; but are also employed in medicine, as a laxative, either alone or in combination, especially with senna, as in the confection of senna, &c., in the form of pulp. 
Pulp op Prunes. 
R. Prunes, at will. 
Soften the prunes in the vapor of boiling water, and having removed the stones, beat the remainder in a mortar, and pass it through a hair sieve. U. S. Ph. 
PRUNUS VIRGINIAN A. Wild-Cherry Bark. 
This is the bark of Cerasus serotina, though the U. S. Pharm. still retains the old name of the tree as the designation for the medicine. The Cerasns serotina is found in most parts of the United States, and in some situations attains a very large size. Sex. Syst. Icosand. monog. Nat. Syst. Drupaccoe. 
De Candolle, Prod. ii. 540. Griffith, Med. Bot. 288. 
The bark of both the root and branches is used, but the former is to be preferred. As dried for use, it is in pieces of various sizes, deprived of epidermis; of a reddish-brown color, and readily pulverized; when fresh it has an odor of bitter almonds, which is much diminished on drying, but reappears on maceration in water; the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is tonic, but it also exercises a sedative action on the circulatory and nervous systems, and is much used in a variety of diseases. The dose in powder is half a drachm to two drachms. 
Infusion op Wild-Cherry Bark. R. Wild-cherry bark, 
bruised, half an ounce. Cold water, one pint. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. It may also be prepared by displacement. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
R. Powdered wild-cherry bark, 
one ounce. 
Orange peel, two drachms. Water, one piut. 
Macerate the bark for six hours, and then add the orange peel. Dose, a wineglassful. Ellis. 
Syrup of Wild-Cherry Bark. R. Powdered wild-cherry 
bark, four ounces. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. 


385 
PYRETHRUM 
Macerate for two days; put in a displacement apparatus; add water till twelve fl. ounces are obtained, returning the first portions till it comes away clear, then add 
Sugar, twenty-four ounces, and form syrup. W. Procter. 
Dose, from a fl. drachm to a fl. ounce. 
R. Same as the above, but with half the 
quantity of sugar. D. S. Jones. 
R. Wild-cherry bark, in coarse 1 powder, five ounces. Sugar, two pounds. Water, sufficient. 
Macerate the bark for twenty-four hours in a close vessel, transfer to a percolator, and gradually pour on water until a pint of filtered liquor is obtained. To this add the sugar, in a bottle, and shake occasionally until dissolved. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a tablespoonful. 
PYRETHRUM. 
Pellitory. 
This is the root of Avacyclus pyrethrum, a small plant with perennial roots and annual stems; a native of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat, Syst. Astera cea). 
De Candollc, Prod. vi. 15. Griffith, Med Bot. 402. 
The dried root is about the size of the little finger, with a thick, brown bark, marked with black, shining points; it is inodorous; its taste is at first slight, but afterwards extremely acrid, leaving a burning, pricking sensation in the mouth. It is a powerful local irritant, and is principally used as a masticatory and sialagogue; but has also been employed in intermittents, palsies, &c. 
Lozenges of Pellitory. 
R. Powdered pellitory, " mastich, each, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, suflicient. Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains each. As a masticatory in toothache. Foy. 
Tincture of Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory, one part 
Alcohol, four parts 
Macerate for eight days, and filter. Par. Cod. 
25 
Compound Tincture of Pellitory. R. Pellitory, four drachms. Camphor, three drachms. Opium, one drachm. Oil of cloves, two drachms. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. Macerate for eight days, and filter. As a sialagogue in toothache. Brandc. R. Pellitory, one ounce. Para cress flowers, four ounces. Italian elecampane leaves, one ounce. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for fifteen days, express, and filter. Much celebrated as an odontalgic, under the name of Paraguay Roux. Gray. 
Liniment of Pellitory. R. Tincture of pellitory, six fl. drachms. Camphorated oil, half a fl. ounce. Water of ammonia, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As a lotion for chilblains, and in rheumatic pains. Radius. 
Plaster of Pellitory. R. Ycllnw wax, three ounces. Turpentine, two ounces and a half. Melt together, and add Ammoniac, Sagapenum, . G-albanum, y J ' T> , , 1V , j one ounce. Powdered pellitory, ' " mustard, J Mix well. As a rubefacient application in rheumatism, &c. Cadet. 
Extract of Pellitory. 
R. Pellitory, ground, one pound. Alcohol, two pints. Ether, half a pint. 
Mix the ether with a pint of the alcohol, pour it gradually on the powder, and put it in a displacer; when it ceases to drop,add the remainder of the alcohol, and finally sutficient diluted alcohol, to displace two pints and a halt' in all. Allow the ethcro-alcoholic tincture to evaporate spontaneously, or with a moderate heat, until a soil extract is obtained. 
Employed to destroy the sensibility of thu nerves of teeth, previous to plugging, or for toothache. IV. P-octer 


386 
QUASSIA—QUE RCUS. 
Q. 
QUASSIA. 
Quassia 
Under the name of Quassia, the wood of two different plants has been used, —that ofQ.amara, and of Q. excelsa, the latter being alone recognized in the U. S. Pharm., under the name of Simaruba excelsa. This is a large tree found in many of the West India Islands, and known as the bitter ash. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simaruba cere. 
Lindley, Flor. Med. 208. Griffith, Med. Bot. (Picrana), 200. It is found in commerce, in billets of various sizes, having a smooth, brittle bark. The wood is white, but becomes yellowish on exposure to the air ; it has scarcely any smell, but possesses an intense, permanent bitter taste. It is a pure and powerful tonic, and is much used for that purpose. It is seldom given in substance. 
Infusion of Quassia. R. Rapped quassia, two drachms. Cold water, one pint. Macerate for twelve hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
Compound Infusion of Quassia. 
R. Quassia, Virginia snakeroot, Orange-peel, each, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse and . strain. A teacupful, cold, three times a-day. Ellis. 
Extract of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia, one pound. Water, sufficient. 
Mix the quassia with a pint of water, let stand for twenty-four hours, transfer to a percolator, and pour water upon it until exhausted. Heat the filtered liquor to the boiling point, strain, and evaporate to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, three to five grains. A very efficient, bitter tonic. 
Tincture of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia, two ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter; or it may be made by displacement. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture op Quassia. R. Bruised cardamom, 
" cochineal, each, half an ounce. Powdered cinnamon, Chipped quassia, each, six drachms. Raisins, seven ounces. Diluted alcohol, (Imp.) two pints. 
Digest for seven days, strain, express residue, and filter. Dose, one or two fl. drachms. 
Ed. Ph. 
Wine of Quassia. 
R. Rasped quassia, half an ounce. Orange-peel, two drachms. Wine, one pint and a half. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. Dose, three fl. drachms to a fl. half ounce, twice a-day. Radius. 
QUERCUS. 
Oak Bark. 
Several species of oak are recognized as officinal in the Pharmacopoeias, viz., the Q. alba, or White oak, and Q. tinctoria, or Black oak, in the U. S. ; Q. vedunculata, European White oak, in the Lond. and Edin.; and Q. robur, European oak, in the Dublin Pharmacopoeia. Sex. Syst. Monoec. polyand. Nat. Syst, Corylacere. 
Griffith, Med. Bot. 585. 
The part used is the bark; this, in all fhe species, is astringent and tonic, and has been used in a variety of diseases, but more generally as an external application than as an internal remedy. The dose is from thirty grains to a drachm. 
Compound Powder op Oak Bark. R. Powdered oak bark, one scruple. Calamus, Gentian, each, five grains. Mix. To be taken every three hours, in apy. rexia of intermittents. * Augustin. 
Extract op Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark, one pound. Water, one gallon. 
Boil down to one-half express, and filter. Evaporate at a heat of 200° F., until it begins to thicken, then reduce by a heat of 100° F., to the proper consistence. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
The dose is from ten to forty grains- 


QUINIA —QUININE ARSENIAS. 
387 
s 
Decoction op Oak Bakk. 
R. Oak bark, one ounce and a half. Water, two pints. 
Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dub. Ph. The U. S. Ph., for decoction of white oak 
bark, orders one ounce of the bark, and water a pint and a half, to be boiled down to a pint. The dose is a wineglassful, as an astringent in chronic diarrhoea, &,c. 
Gargle of Oak Bark. 
R. Decoction of oak bark, one pint. Add 
Alum, half a drachm. Brandy, two fl. ounces. 
As a gargle in chronic sore throat, withrelaxed uvula; and as an injection in Ieucorrhoea. Ellis. 
Cataplasm of Oak Bark. 
R. Powdered oak bark,") " catechu, > each, one oumee. Rarley meal, Water, . sufficient. 
Boil to the proper consistence. Foy. As an application in gangrene and mortification. 
Confection of Acorns. 
R. Powdered acorns, three ounces. " red coral, " catechu, each, one ounce and a half. 
Confection of dog rose, ten ounces. Syrup of red roses, sufficient. 
Mix. One drachm every four hours, in chronic diarrhoea. Bories. 
Acorn Coffee. 
R. Acorns, roasted, six drachms. 
Coffee, roasted, two drachms. 
Water, one pint. 
Boil for a short time, and strain. Two or three cupfuls a-day, in scrofula and rachitis. Augustin. 
QUINIA. 
Quinine. Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Boiling water, thirty parts. 
Dissolve. Add water of ammonia suflicient to precipitate the quinia, wash the precipitate in warm distilled water, and dry it. 
Tincture op Quinia. 
R. Quinia, one part. Alcohol, seven parts. 
Dissolve. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Beral. 
Impure Quinia. 
R. Yellow bark, one hundred parts. Muriatic acid, five parts. Water, . five hundred parts 
Boil, decant, and repeat process three times with the same proportions of acid and water; unite decoctions, precipitate with milk of lime, Wash and dry the precipitate, treat it several times with boiling alcohol, mix, and filter the solutions, and distil off the spirit. Trousseau. 
This is said to be as active as the sulphate, and to be less unpleasant to the taste. It is given in the same doses. 
Tincture of Impure Quinia. R. Impure quinia, one ou 
one ounce. 
Alcohol, Distilled water, each, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Piarry. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Amorphous Quinia, or , Chinoidink. R. Mother waters of sulphate of 
quinia, at wfll. Solution of carbonate of 
potassa, sufficient 
to precipitate. Wash and dry this precipitate; dissolve in sulphuric ether, decant, and evaporate by a gentle heat. Neligan. 
QUIN IM ACETAS. Acetate of Quinia. 
R. Quinia, two parts. Distilled water, three parts. 
Heat, and add as much acetic acid as will dissolve the quinia, and render the solution somewhat acid. Filter whilst boiling, and set aside to crystallize. • Cottereau 
Acts like the other salts of quinia, and is in no way superior to them. Dose, one to ten grains, according to circumstances. 
QUINIiE ARSENIAS. 
Arseniate of Quinia. 
R. Arsenic acid, one drachm and a half. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. Quinia, five drachms. 
Boil till solution takes place. Filter, let crystallize, and purify by recrystallization. In intermittents ; dose, one-tenth to one-fourth of a 
grain. . Bourieres. 


388 
QUINIJ2 ARSENIS —QUINIiE ET FERRI IODIDUM. 
QUINIA A E, SEN IS. 
Arsenite of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, five hundred grains. Water, acidulated with sulphuric acid, sufficient to dissolve. Precipitate by solution of ammonia; collect, wash, and press the precipitate. Dissolve it in eight fl. ounces of alcohol, and add seventy-two grains of arsenious a cid, heat together, and filter. The arsenite crystallizes on cooling. Soubeiran. 
Dl-ARSENITE OF QUINIA. 
R. Arsenious acid, ten grains. Carbonate of potassa, five grains. Distilled water, five fl. drachms. 
Boil for half an hour, adding water to make up the loss by evaporation, so that each fl. drachm may contain two grains of arsenic. Add 
Sulphate of quinia, two scruples; previously dissolved in boiling water. Collect the precipitate on a filter, wash and dry it. Dose, one-third of a grain, in chronic cutaneous affections. Kingdon. 
QUI*NIiE CITRAS. Citrate of Quinia. 
R. Quinia, two parts. Distilled water, three parts. 
Heat, and add sufficient citric acid to acidulate the mixture; when a perfect solution is effected, filter, and set aside to crystallize. Magendie. 
The dose is the same as that of the sulphate it is used in similar cases. 
Syrup of Citrate of Quinia. R. Acid citrate of quiuia, thirty six grains. Simple syrup, one pint. .Mix. Half fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, in the l«'enty-lbur hours. Magendie. 
QUINIiE ET FERRI CITRAS 
Citrate of Quinia and Iron. (See Ferri et Quinine Citras, Page 233.) 
QUINIA FE*RROCYANAS. Ferrocyanate of Quinia. 
R Sulphate of quiuia, one hundred parts. Ferrocyanide of potassium, thirty-one parts. I/isiiiled water, 
twenty-five hundred parts. 
Boil for a few minutes, then let the solution cool; separate the oily compound, and wash it with a little water. Dissolve it in boiling alcohol, and let crystallize. Par. Cod. 
Said to be more efficacious than any other salt of quinia. Dose, about the same as the sulphate. 
Mixture of Ferkocyanate of Quinia. 
R. Ferrocyanate of quinia, four grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. 
Dissolve, and add 
Camphor water, seven fl. drachms. To be taken as required, shaking the phial. Donovan. 
Pills of Ferrocyanate of Quinia. R. Ferrocyanate of 
quinia, twenty-four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. Two for a dose. Donovan. 
QUINIA IIYDRIODAS. Hydriodate of Quinia. Iodide of Quinia. 
R. Add, by drops, a solution of twentyfour parts of iodide of potassium, in eight parts of water, to a strong solution of twenty parts of sulphate of quinia; wash the precipitate quickly, and dry in the shade. 
Kighini. 
In obstinate intermittents and scrofulous affections. 
Bin-Iodide of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Dissolve in boiling water, and add 
Iodide of potassium, two parts, dissolved in water. Evaporate on a sand-bath to one-third, and allow the residue to cool; separate and preserve the resinous deposit. Used in scrofulous enlargements of the glands. Dose, half a grain to one grain. Kingdon. 
QUININE ET FERRI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Quinta and Iron. 
R. Pour a strong solution of acid sulphate of quinia into a fresh solution of iodide of iron; collect the precipitate; dry by pressing between blotting paper, and keep it from the air. Bouchardat. 


389 
QTJINLE HYDRIODAS IODURETA—QUINLE MURIAS. 
QTJINIiE HYDRIODAS IODU- 
RETA. 
Ioduretted Hydriodate op Quinia. R. Add a solution of iodide of iron, con- 
taining a slight excess of iodine, to an acid solution of quinia. Treat the precipitate with boiling alcohol, and filter whilst hot, and set aside to crystallize. Bouchardat. 
These preparations are useful where an alterative and tonic are required. 
QUINIiE ET HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Quinia and Mercury. 
R. Corrosive sublimate, one part. Muriate of quinia, three parts. 
Dissolve separately, in the smallest quantity of water; mix the solutions; collect the precipitate, and dry by a gentle heat. McDermolt. 
Pills of Chloride of Quinia and Mercury. 
R. Double chloride of quiuia 
and mercury, fifteen grains. Opium, six grains. Crumb of bread, sufficient. 
and mercury, 
Mix, and form thirty pills. One, three times a-day, to produce salivation. Hamilton. 
QUINIJE KINAS 
Kinate of Quinia 
R. Alcoholic solution of sulphate of quinia, at will. Aqueous solution of kinate of lime, sufficient to precipitate; filter, evaporate, rcdissolve, and crystallize. Magendie. 
Pills of' Kinate of Quinia. R. Kinate of quinia, 
Powdered black pepper, Extract of worm- 
wood, each, one drachm 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Three, every two or three hours, in obstinate intermittents. Ronander. 
QUININE L ACT AS. Lactate op Quinia. R. Lactic acid, at will. Quiuia, sufficient 
to saturate; leave the solution to evaporate spontaneously, in a shallow vessel, in a warm room, till crystals are formed. 
Dose, three to ten grains. Bouchardat. 
Pills op Lactate op Quinia. 
R. Lactate of quiuia, half a drachm. Extract of juniper, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Two to six a-day in intermittents. Bouchardat. 
Mixture of Lactate of Quinia. R. Lactate of quiuia, seven grains. Mint water, five fl. drachms. 
Syrup of cloves, one fl. ounce. Water, three and a half fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be taken in divided doses during the apyrexia of intermittents. Bouchardat. 
Syrup of Lactate of Quinia. 
R. Lactate of quiuia, fifteen grains. Dissolve in 
Water, one fl. ounce Add 
Sugar, two ounces. 
Form syrup. A teaspoonful, in the intermittents of children. Bouchardat. 
QUININE MURIAS. 
Muriate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of 
quinia, one ounce and a half. Chloride of barium, half an ounce. 
Dissolve separately, in boiling distilled water; mix the solutions, filter, and evaporate to crys tallization. Guibourt. 
R. Chloride of barium, five drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Dissolve, and gradually add 
Sulphate of quiuia, two ounces Boil for a few minutes, filter whilst hot, and dry the crystals. Prus. Ph. 
R. Diluted muriatic acid, at will. Quinia, sufficient 
to saturate; evaporate, and crystallize. Dose, from half a grain to a grain. Cottereau 
Mixture of Muriate of Quinia. 
R. Muriate of quinia, twelve grains. Diluted muriatic acid, five minims. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Syrup of orange flowers, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. Neligan. 


390 
QUINI2E NITRAS — QUININE SULPHAS. 
R. Muriate of quinia, eight grains Fennel water, five fl. ounces Muriatic ether, one fl. drachm Sugar, half an ounce 
Mix. A tablespoonful every two hours. Radius. 
R. Muriate of quinia, one scruple. Peppermint water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. Twenty to sixty drops, every two hours, in intermittents of children. Radius. 
QUINIiE NITRAS. . Nitrate op Quinia. R. Diluted nitric acid, at will. Quinia, sufficient to saturate; boil with animal charcoal, filter, evaporate, and let crystallize. . Tuddei. 
QUINIJE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate op Quinia. R. Quinia, two parts. Water, three parts. Boil, and add Phosphoric acid, sufficient to saturate; filter while hot, and let crystallize. Turin. Fh. 
QUININE SULPHAS. 
SULPHATE OF QuiNIA. R. Yellow bark, in coarse powder, four pounds. Muriatic acid, three fl. ounces. Lime, in powder, five ounces. Water, five gallons. Sulphuric acid, ~\ Alcohol, > each, sufficient. Animal charcoal, ) Boil the bark in one-third of the water, with onethird of the muriatic acid, and strain through linen. Repeat this process twice. Mix the decoctions, and, whilst hot, gradually add the lime, mixed with two pints of water, stirring constantly, till the quinia is precipitated. Wash precipitate with distilled water, press, dry, and digest in boiling alcohol; decant, and repeat till alcohol is no longer rendered bitter. Mix the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, till a brown, viscid mass remains; add to this half a gallon of distilled water, heat to boiling, and add as much sulphuric acid as will dissolve the impure quinia; then add one ounce and a half of ani- 
| mal charcoal, boil for two minutes, filter while hot, and set aside to crystallize. If the solution be entirely neutral, acidulate slightly with sulphuric acid ; if too acid, add more animal charcoal. Separate the crystals, dissolve them in boiling water a little acidulated with sulphuric acid, add a little animal charcoal, and recrystallize; place the crystals in bibulous paper, and dry by a gentle heat. Treat the mother waters with solution of ammonia, and proceed with the precipitate as before. U. S. Ph. 
Powder of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of qui• <i x. . i - • 
nia, three to twelve grains White sugar, two drachms. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. Radius. 
Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Tartar Emetic. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. Tartar emetic, three grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in the apyrexia of obstinate intermittents. Gala. 
Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Soda. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one to two grains. Carbonate of soda, four to five grains. Sugar, one scruple 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, morning and evening, in scrofulous ophthalmia. Ammon. 
Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Tartaric Acid. 
R. Tartaric acid, fifteen grains. Sulphate of quinia, one grain and a half. Mix, and add 
Bicarbonate of soda, eighteen grains. Sugar, half a drachm. 
Mix in water, for one dose. In the apyrexia of intermittents. " Meireu. 
Powder of Sulphate of Quinia and Morphia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, two to six grains. " morphia, half to one 
grain. 
Mix, and divide into four powders. Magendie. 
Compound Powder of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, half a grain. Powdered fox- 
glove, a quarter to one grain. 


391 
QUINIiE SULPHAS. 
Powdered fennel, six grains. Sugar of milk, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken three or four times a-day, in the hectic fever of phthisis. Gunther. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, three grains. Opium, one grain. Gum Arabic 
Sugar, each, six grains. Make a powder. To be taken just before the paroxysm of malignant intermittents. Neumann. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, two grains. " iron, one grain. Powdered fennel, one scruple. Oil of chamomile, one drop. 
Mix. To be taken every three hours, in obstinate intermittents. I'hasbus. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, quarter of a grain. Chocolate, seven grains. Sugar of milk, two grains. 
Mix. To be taken every three hours, in debility of the stomach. Kopp. 
Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Honey, sufficient. 
Mix the sulphate and gum, and beat with the honey, into a mass, and divide into four hundred and eighty pills. U. S. Eh. 
Each pill contains one grain of the sulphate. 
R. Sulphate of quinine, fifteen grains. Extract of chamomile, fifteen grains. 
Mix, and make six pills. To be taken during the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. Elliotson. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, ten grains. Extract of wormwood, sufficient. 
Beat into a mass, and make six pills. Dorvault. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Powdered tragacanth, one grain. Rub together, add sufficient water to form a plastic mass, and divide into six pills. E. Parrish. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. Elixir of vitriol, fifteen drops. 
Drop the acid into the sulphate, and rub with a spatula until the mass assumes a pilular consistence. Make six pills. E. Parrish. 
Pills of Sulphate of Quinia and Gentian. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. Extract of gentian, two scruples. Mix, and make twenty pills. 
Compound Pills of Sulphate of Quinia. 
R. Calomel, sir grains Powdered opium, three graius. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pills. One, night and morning, as an alterative. Ellis. 
R. Blue pill mass, ~\ Sulphate of quinia, V . \ u j i , 1 ' [ twelve grains. Powdered aloes, ) b Aromatic syrup of rhubarb, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and divide into twelve pill* One, three or four times a-day. This, or (he foregoing combination, is suited to the condition following bilious remittent or intermittent fevers. Ellis. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Extract of gentian, one scruple. Compound rhubarb pill, two scruples. Blue pill mass, six grains. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. One, three times a-day. Ryan. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, ten to fifteen grains. Dry phosphoric acid, two scruples. Powdered mallow root, four scruples. Extract of centaury, sufficient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Three or four pills, two or three times a-day, in nervous debility with tendency to abortion. Radius. 
R. Powdered camphor, one scruple. Sulphate of quinia, two scruples. Pill of aloes and 
myrrh, one drachm and a half. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make forty pills. One, twice a-day. Copland. 
Syrup of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, thirty-two grains. Distilled water, two fl. drachms. Aromatic sulphuric acid, six drops. Dissolve, arid add to Syrup, sixteen fl. ounces. Par. Cod. R. Sulphate of quinia, sixteen grains. Syrup of ginger, two fl. ounces Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. EUig. 
Syrup of Quinia and Coffee. R. Ground roasted coffee, four ouueea. Boiling water, two pints, four fl. ounces Make an infusion, let cool, and add 


392 
QUIN IM SULPHO-TARTRAS. 
Sugar, four pounds. Dissolve by means of a water-bath, and add 
Sulphate of quinia, one drachm, dissolved in a little water, acidulated with sulphuric acid. Bories. 
Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twenty grains. Sulphuric acid, one drop. White sugar, one drachm. Ciunamon water, two fl. ounces and a half. Mix. A teaspoonful every hour, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Ellis. 
Mixture of Sulphate of Quinia and Coffee. 
R. Strong infusion of coffee, five fl. ounces. 
Sulphate of quinia, twenty-four grains. Sugar, four drachms. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful. The coffee conceals the bitterness of the quinia. Beasley. 
Tincture of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, one scruple. Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Dose, ten to twenty drops. Ellis. 
Compound Tincture of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, forty-eight grains. Compound tincture of orange-peel, five and a half fl. ounces. 
Elixir of vitriol, forty-five drops. Mix. Dose, half a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 
Copland. R. Sulphate of quinia, three hundred and twenty graius. Tincture of orangepeel, forty fl. ounces. Digest for seven days, and filter. Each fl. drachm contains one grain of the sulphate. Lond. Ph. 
Wine of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. Madeira wine, two pints. 
Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. ounces. 
Magendie. 
Aromatic Wine op Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, eighteen grains. Citric acid, fifteen grains. OraDge wine, twenty-four fl- ounces. Mix. Collier. 
Liniment of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, six grains. Extract of opium, twelve grains. Spirit of camphor, eighteen fl. drachms. Mix. Three fl. drachms to be rubbed on the epigastrium, three times a-d».y, in intermittents. Schuster. 
Ointment of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one ounce. Alcohol, 
Sulphuric acid, each, sufficient to dissolve. * 
Lard, four ounces. Rub together. Half an ounce to be rubbed into the groins, in malignant intermittents. Antonini. 
Plaster of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Lead plaster, six drachms. Resin, two drachms Melt together, and add 
Sulphate of quiuia, one drachm Oil of cajeput, Camphor, each, one scruple. 
Mix. To be applied to the epigastrium as a prophylactic in cholera. Ammon. 
Enema of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of 
quinia, twelve to twenty grains. Flaxseed tea, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be used every four to six hours. Ellis. 
Dentifrice of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, four grains. Prepared coral, one ounce. 
Carmine lake, eight grains. Essence of myrrh, two drops. 
Mix. Pelletier. 
Gargle of Sulphate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, twelve grains. " copper, sixteen graius. Elixir of vitriol, one fl. drachm. Water, eight fl. ounces. Mix. To be used three or four times a-day, in obstinate sore throat. Hartsliorne. 
QUIN LZE SULPHO-TARTRAS. Sulpho-Tartrate op Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, four drachms. Tartaric acid, four drachms and a-half. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 


393 
QUINI-E TANN AS — RESINA. 
Dissolve. Half a fl. drachm to a draclim, in the course of the day. Righini. 
Righini. 
Mixture of Sulpiio-Tartrate of Quinia. 
R. Sulphate of quiuia, six grains. Tartaric acid, three graius. Syrup, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Dose, a teaspoonful. Casorati. 
QUINIA T ANN AS. Tannate of Quinia. R. Sulphate of quinia, one part. Water, twenty parts. Diluted sulphuric acid, sufficient. Dissolve, filter, and add Iufusion of galls, sufficient to precipitate; collect precipitate, wash and dry it Greek Ph. Found useful in intermittent neuralgia. 
Impure Tannate of Quinia. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one part. Vinegar, «ix parts, 
Macerate for twenty-four hours; then boil, and decant. Repeat the process with fresh vinegar. Mix the decoctions, filter when cold, and add infusion of galls as long as precipitation takes pftco. Collect, wash, and dry the precipitate. 
Dose, similar to that of the sulphate. Buchner. 
QUININE TARTRAS Tartrate of Quinia. 
R. Quinia, two parrs. Water, three parts. 
Mix, boil, and add 
Tartaric acid, 
sufficient 
to dissolve the quinia Filter whilst hot, and let crystallize. Par. Cod. 
QUININE VALERIAN/AS. Valerianate of Quinia. 
R. Fresh precipitated quinia, three parts. Valerianic acid, one part. Water, sixty parts. 
Mix; boil; filter while hot, and let crystallize; dry the crystals under 122° F. Wettstein. 
This may also be prepared by double decomposition, between the muriate of quinia and tho valerianate of soda. 
Said to be more powerful than the sulphate, and not to cause nervous symptoms. It is given in solution, pill, enema, &c. 
Pills of Valerianate of Quinia. R. Valerianate of quiuia, twelve grains. Powdered tragacanth, six grains. Water, sufficient. Rub together, and divide into eight pills. 
Dose, one pill every hour, in hemicrania. Thomas 
R. 
RESIN A. 
Resin. 
Resin, or, as it is generally called, Rosin, is the residuum after the distillation of the volatile oil from various species of the Pine tribe. In this state it is Yellow resin, or Colophony, which, when melted and agitated with water, becomes of a whitish color, and forms White resin. Resin, when pure, is yellowish-brown, inclining to olive or brown; it is solid, brittle, of a smooth and shining fracture; of faint odor, and a somewhat acrid taste. It is principally used in medicine as an ingredient in plasters and ointments. 
Haemostatic Powder. 
R. Powdered resin, four parts. " gum Arabic, " charcoal, each, one part. 
Mix. As an application to check external bleeding. Guibourt. 
R. Resin, two parts. Gum Arabic, one part. Charcoal, half a part. 
Pulverize well, and mix. Has proved useful in checking bleeding from wounds, &c. Bonnefoux. 
Resin Cerate, or Basilicon Ointment. 
R. Resin, five ounces Lard, eight ounces Yellow wax, two ounces. 
Melt together; strain through linen; and stir till cool. U. S. PL As a. stimulant application to blistered surfaces, burns, ulcers, &c. 


394 
RH AMNUS—RHEU M 
k 
i 
Compound Resin Cerate. 
R. Resin, Suet, y each, one pound. Yellow wax, ) Turpentine, half a pound. Flaxseed oil, half a pint. 
Melt together: strain through linen,and stir till eold. 11. S. Ph. 
Known as Dcshler's Suite; is rathur more stimulating than the last. 
Resin, or Adhesive Plaster. R. Powdered resin, half a pound. Lead plaster, three pounds. 
Melt the plaster by a gentle heat, and add the resin, mixing well. U. S. Ph. 
Plaster of St. Andrew. 
R. White resiu, eight ounces. Elemi, two ounces. Venice turpentine, Oil of bay laurel, each, one ounce. 
Melt together, and strain. An adhesive plaster. Guibourt. 
Plaster of Vigo with Mercury. R. Lead plaster, 
two pounds, eight ounces. Yellow wax, Resin, each, two ounces. Ammoniac, Bdellium, , ~ , , ' > each, five drachms. Olibanum, 7 Myrrh, J Saffron, three drachms. Turpentine, two ounees. Liquid storax, six ounces. 
Mercury, twelve ounces. Oil of lavender, two drachms. 
Powder the gum-resins and saffron, and rub the mercury with the storax and turpentine, in an iron mortar, until globules disappear. Melt the plaster with the wax and resin, and add the powders and the oil of lavender. When cool, add the mercurial mixture and incorporate thoroughly. Par. Cod. 
Used to prevent pitting in small-pox, by spreading it on linen or leather, and covering the exposed pan. 
RHAMNUS. 
Buckthorn. 
The berries and juice of the R. catharticus, are possessed of active purgative properties. This piant is a native of Europe, and is occasionally met with in this country. European practitioners hold it in high esteem. 
Sex. Sysl. Pentand. nionng. Nat. Syst, Rham- 
narere. 
Linn. Sp. PL 270. Griffith, Med. Fot. 217. Sometimes the berries are used, at others, thtir expressed juice. Dose ol'the dried berries one drachm. 
Extract of Buckthorn. 
R. Expressed juice of buckthorn berries, at will. 
Permit the juice to undergo a Blight fermentation, and then evaporate to the proper consistence. Dose, one scruple. Beusley. 
Syrup of Buckthorn 
R. Juice of buckthorn berries, four pints. Sliced ginger, Powdered pimento, each, six drachms. Sugar, four pounds. Alcohol, six fl. ounces. 
Set the juice aside for three days, for the dregs to subside, and strain. Add the ginger and pimento to a pint of the juice, macerate four hours with a gentle heat, and strain. Boil down the remainder of the juice to a pint and a half. Mix the liquors, dissolve the sugar in them, and add the sjflirit. Dose, a tablespoonful. 
Lond. Ph. 
R Ii E U M. Rhubarb. 
Rhubarb is the root of various spreics of Rheum, which grow in the deserts, of Tartary, and in the central parts of Asia. Several species arc cultivated in England, France, and Germany, yielding the European variety of rhubarb. 
Sex. Syst. Enneand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygon a ceffi. 
Line). Fl. Med. 3. r >8. Griffith, Med. Bot. 539. 
Three kinds of Rhubarb arc usually found in commerce, the Russian or Turkey, the European, and the Chinese; the first of which is the most valuable, but the last is the most generally used, and, when good, it answers every purpose. All are purgatives, with some tonic and astringent powers, and are much used in various forms of disease. The dose, in substance, to produce a full effect, is from twenty to thirty grains. They are given in a vast variety of forms. 
Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Magnesia, ten graius. 
Mix. To be given in syrup, or sugar and water. EUis. 


/- 
RHEUM 
395 
* 
Powder of Rhubarb and Chalk. R. Powdered rhubarb, fifteen grains. Compound chalk powder, twenty-four grains. Mix. In the evening, in cardialgia. Foy. 
Powder of Rhubarb and Sulphate of Potassa. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. " sulphate of potassa, two drachms. Mix. Ten grains to a drachm, every morning. Fordyce. 
Compound Powders of Rhubarb. 
R. Magnesia, Cream of tartar, \ \ if „ ¦n 3 3 u u l. each, halt an Powdered rhubarb, > ' .. , '., I ounce. " chamomile, Oleo-sacch. of fennel, 
Mix. A teaspoonful, twice or thrice a-day, in obstructions of the abdominal viscera. Selle. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, thirty grains. " sulphate of potassa, " chamomile, each, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a-day, in dyspepsia with torpor of the bowels. Ml, 
R. Powdered rhubarb, four ounces. Magnesia, one pound. Powdered ginger, two ounces. 
Mix well, and keep in well-closed bottles. Ed. Ph. 
A good antacid laxative. Dose, five grains to a drachm, according to age. 
Roasted Rhubarb 
R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, at will. Place it in a shallow iron dish, heat regularly, so as to brown the powder, which should be so constantly stirred, that the influence of the heat ?should be uniform throughout; when the color has changed to brown, the process is to be stopped, and the rhubarb reduced to fine powder, for use. W. Procter. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, at will. Heat in an iron vessel, constantly stirring, till it becomes almost black, then smother it in a covered jar. Dose, five to ten grains, as an astringent in diarrhoea. Hohlyn. 
Pills op Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, six drachms. Soap, two drachms. 
Beat them with water, so as to form a mass, and divide into one hundred and twenty pills. U. S. Ph. 
Each pill contains three grains of rhubarb. 
Compound .Rhubarb Pills. R. Powdered rhubarb, one ounce. " aloes, six drachms. " myrrh, half an ounce. Oil of peppermint, half a fl. drachm. Water, sufficient. Beat together into mass, and divide into two hundred and forty pills. U. S. Ph. A warm, tonic laxative, useful in costivcness with debility of the stomach. Dose, two to four a-day. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm and a half. Sulphate of iron, half a drachm. Soap, two scruples. Distilled water, sufficient. Beat into mass, and divide into forty pills. In similar cases as last, three or four to be taken at bedtime. Griffilta 
Pills of Rhubarb and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. u ipecacuanha, ten grains. Opium, three grains. Oil of cinnamon, five drops. Gum Arabic, sufficient. Triturate together, and divide into ten pills. One to be given every two or three hours, in dysentery, to relieve tormina and tenesmus. Chapman. 
Pills of Rhubarb and Caraway. R. Powdered rhubarb, two drachms. Syrup, one fl. drachm. Oil of caraway, ten minima, Mix, and divide into forty pills. Kitchener 
Pills of Rhubarb and Chamomile. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, "| " aloes, 1 each, " myrrh, Tone drachm. Extract of chamomile, J Oil of chamomile, twelve drops. 
Mix, and divide into sixty pills. These are known as Speedimari's pills. Beasley. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, " ginger, each, half a drachm. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Beat together, and divide into thirty pills ; threo to be taken before each meal. Have beeu recommended in dyspepsia and chlorosis. 
A. T. Thomson 


396 
RHEUM 
tf 
Pills of Rhubarb and Iron. R. Dried sulphate of iron, four parts. Extract of rhubarb, ten parts. Conserve of red roses, five parts. Beat into a mass, and divide into five-grain pills. Dose, two pills, as a tonic and laxative. Ed. Ph. 
Pills of Rhubarb and Soda. R. Powdered rhubarb, ~) , , , ri u i. c j f each, one drachm Carbonate ot soda, y ' , , v . . f 'I and a halt. Extract oi gentian, j Mix, and make sixty pills. Guy's Hosp. R. Powdered rhubarb, ~\ one Dried carbonate of soda, > ' , Extract of gentian, j " Calomel, three grains. Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occasionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 
Pills of Rhubarb and Ox Gall. R. Inspissated ox gall, 
Ammoniac, Powdered rhubarb, equal parts. 
Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Leipsic Ph. 
In constipation, deficiency of bile, &c. 
Lozenges of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, 
Cream of tartar, each, two drachms. Presh orange peel, half a drachm. Sugar, dissolved in orange-flower water, four ounces. 
Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. Beral. 
Suppository op Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of rhubarb, half a drachm. Soap, three drachms. Powdered rhubarb, suflicient. 
Mix, and make three suppositories. Radius. 
Electuary of Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, 
one drachm and a half. 
Sulphate of potassa, one drachm. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. 
Mix. A teaspoonful. Saunders. 
Infusion of Rhubarb. R Bruised rhubarb, one < 
one drachm. 
Boiling water, half a pint. 
Infuse for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
One or two fl. ounces, every three or four hours, till it operates. 
R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce. 
Boiling water, eighteen fi. ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, in a covered vessel; add 
Spirit of cinnamon, two fl. ounces, and strain. Dose, as above. Ed. Ph. 
Alkaline Infusion of Rhubarb. R. Bruised rhubarb, two drachms. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Boiling water, half a pint. Infuse for four hours, strain, and add 
Tincture of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. 
Copland. 
Extract of Rhubarb. 
R. Powdered rhubarb, fifteen ounces. Proof spirit, one pint. Distilled water, seven pints. 
Macerate for four days by a gentle heat; strain ; set aside to settle; decant, and evaporate to proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, ten to thirty grains. 
Fluid Extract of Rhubarb R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, eight ounces. Sugar, five ounces. Tincture of ginger, half a fl. ounce. Oil of fennel, Oil of anise, each, four minims. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Mix the rhubarb with an equal bulk of coarse sand, add twelve fl ounces of diluted alcohol, and allow the mixture to stand for twenty-four hours. Place in a percolator, and add diluted alcohol until the rhubarb is exhausted. Evaporate the resulting tincture on a water-bath to five fl. ounces, add the sugar, dissolve it, and add the tincture of ginger, holding the oils in solution. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, half a fl. drachm. 
Fluid Extract of Rhubarb and Senna. 
R. Coarsely-powdered senna, twelve ounces. 
" " rhubarb, 
four ounces. 
Bicarbonate of potassa, half an ounce. Sugar, eight ounces. Tincture of ginger, one fl. ounce. Oil of cloves, eight minims. " aniseed, sixteen minims. Water, Alcohol, each, sufficient. 


RHEUM 
397 
Mix the senna and rhubarb, pour upon them two pints of diluted alcohol, and macerate for twentylour hours. Place in a percolator, and add a mixture of one part of alcohol with three parts of water, until one gallon of tincture is obtained. Evaporate this, on a water-bath, to eleven fl. ounces ; dissolve in it the sugar and bicarbonate, strain, and add the tincture of ginger, holding the oils in solution. The whole should incisure one pint. Dose, one teaspoonful. W. Procter, Jr. 
Syrup op Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Boiling water, one piut. Macerate lor twenty-four hours, and strain; then add Sugar, two pounds, and make syrup. U. S. Ph., 1840. R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, two ounces. Alcohol, half a pint. Water, one piut and a half. Sugar, two pounds. Mix the alcohol and water, and pour four fl. ounces on the rhubarb, previously mixed with coarse sand, and macerate for four hours. Transfer to a. percolator, and add the remainder of the alcohol and water. Evaporate the resulting tincture to thirteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, and make a syrup. U. S. Ph., 1850. Mild cathartic. Dose, for young children, one to two fl. drachms. 
Aromatic Syrup op Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces and a half. Cloves, bruised, Cinnamon, bruised, each, half an ounce. Nutmeg, bruised, two drachms. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain ; evaporate on a water-bath to one pint, and add, (while it is still hot), Syrup, six pints, previously heated. U. S. Ph. A warm laxative in cases of children. Dose, one fl. drachm, in bowel complaints, to be repeated every two hours. 
Syrup op Rhubarb and Senna. R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce. Senna, two ounces. Fennel seed, Bruised cinnamon,each, two drachms. Boiling water, two pints and a half. Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Sugar, three pounds. Make syrup. Ed. Ph. t 1744. 
Tincture op Rhubarb. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, three ounces. Cardamom, bruised, half an ounce Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. V. S. Ph. 
Dose, as purgative, half to one fl. ounce; as stomachic and tonic, one to two fl. drachms. 
Tincture of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Gentian, bruised, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
U. S. Ph. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter In flatulent colic, &c. Dose, as above. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Gentian, bruised, half an ouuee. Virginia snakeroot, one drachm and a half. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Van Mons, 
Tincture of Rhubarb and Aloes. R. Rhubarb, bruised, ten drachms. Aloes, powdered, six drachms. Cardamom, bruised, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
This was formerly known as Elixir sacrum, and was much used. 
Tincture op Rhubarb and Senna. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce. Senna, two drachms. Coriander, bruised, Fennel, bruised, each, one drachm. Red saunders, rasped, two drachms. Saffron, Liquorice, each, half a drachm. Raisins, stoned, half a pound. Diluted alcohol, three pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Well known and much used under the name of Warner's gout cordial, as a stomachic and slight purgative. Dose, from a half to one fl. ounce. 
Warner's Cordial. R. Contused rhubarb, one ounce Senna, half an ounce. Saffron, one drachm. Fennel seed, Coriander, each, two drachma 


398 
RHEUM. 
Liquorice, four drachms. Raisins, stoned, one pound. Brandy, three pints. Mix, and macerate for a week, and strain. Dose, half a wineglassful, in atonic gout, with flatulence. Chapman. 
Tincture of Rhubarb and Aniseed. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Liquorice root, bruised, each, two ounces. Aniseed, bruised, Sugar, each, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Copland. Used as the above tincture. 
Sweet Tincture op Rhubarb. R. Coarsely-powdered rhubarb, eight ounces. Powdered liquorice root, three ounces. Bruised aniseed, three ounces. " cardamom, half an ounce. " orange peel, one ounce. Diluted alcohol, sufficient to make one gallon of tincture, by displacement. Dose, a tablespoonful. A. B. Taylor. R. Bruised rhubarb, one ounce and a half. Bruised liquorice root, " aniseed, each, six drachms. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for two weeks, and filter. Or prepare the tincture by displacement. D. S. Jones. 
Alkaline Tincture op Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce and a half. Carbonate of potassa, three drachms. Boiling water, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Tincture of cinnamon, two fl. ounces. Prus. Ph. A mild purgative, where there is acidity of stomach, in doses of one-half to two fl. ounces. 
Wine op Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces. Canella, bruised, one drachm. Diluted alcohol, two fl. ounces. Wine, one pint. Macerate for fourteen days, occasionally agitating, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. A warm, cordial laxative, in doses of one to four fi. drachms. 
R. Rhubarb, bruised, two ounces and a half. Cardamom, bruised, half an ounce. Saffron, two drachms. Wine, two pints. Alcohol, eight fl. ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. Par. Cod Used as the last. 
Wine of Rhubarb and Gentian. R. Rhubarb, bruised, one ounce. Gentian, " two drachms. Canella, " one drachm. Wine, one pint. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Swed. Ph. 
Compound Wine op Rhubarb. R. Rhubarb, bruised, Orange peel, bruised, each, half an ounce. Wine, two pints. Macerate for twenty hours, strain, and add Oleo-sacch. of mace, one ounce. Hoffmann's anodyne, one drachm. As a stomachic, a tablespoonful three times a-day. J'/iosbus. 
Rhubarb Mixture. R. Bruised rhubarb, one drachm. " fennel, one scruple. Sulphate of magnesia, half an ounce. Manna, one ounce. Boiling water, six fl. ounces. Infuse and strain, when cold. As a mild purgative ; one-half to be taken at a dose. Radius. R. Infusion of rhubarb, one fl. drachm and a half. Spirit of ammonia, two fl. scruples. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce and a half. Syrup of opium, six fl. drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful every two hours, in the chronic diarrhoea of young children. Vogt. R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm. Carbonate of soda, two drachms. Tincture of orange peel, one fl. ounce and a half. Decoction of liquorice, ten fl. ounces and a half. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce three times a-day. Guy's Hosp R. Powdered rhubarb, one drachm Magnesia, one drachm and a hall 


399 
RHCEAS — ROSA CENTIFOLIA. 
Powdered ginger, one scruple. Peppermint water, one pint. Mix. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Gregory. R. Powdered rhubarb, two scruples. Tartrate of potassa, one ounce. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Tincture of senna, Syrup of ginger, each, half afl. ounce. Mix. Dose, one fl. ounce. • Brande. 
RHGE AS. Red Poppy. 
The Papaver rhoeas, or Red Poppy, is a native of Europe, where it is found in great abundance in cultivated grounds, and has become naturalized in many places in this country. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papaveraceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 726. Woodville, Med. Bot. 387. The parts used are the petals; these have a mucilaginous, somewhat bitter taste, and a narcotic smell, which latter is lost on drying. Their action on the system is slight; but they are used in Europe in the preparation bf a syrup, prescribed as an anodyne in the catarrhal affections of children. 
Syrup of Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals, one pound. Water, one pint. Heat the water on a water-bath, gradually add the petals, remove from the fire, macerate for twelve hours, express, and strain; then add Sugar, three pounds, and make syrup. When cold, add Rectified spirit, two and a half fl. ounces. Lond. Ph. 
Infusion of Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse and strain. To be taken freely, in catarrhal affections. Coitereau. 
Compound Infusion op Red Poppy. R. Red poppy petals, two ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, fifteen drops. Sugar, two ounces. Decoction of barley, one pint. Infuse, and strain. Used as above. St. Marie. 
ROSA CANINA. Doa Rose. This shrub is a native of Europe, growing in hedges and thickets. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Xat. Syst. Rosa- C °Linn. Sp PI. 704 Woodville, Med. Bot. 4113. The fruit, which is the officinal portion, is smooth, oval, red, and of a pleasant, acidulous taste. It is principally used in confection. 
Confection of Dog Rose. R. Pulp of fruit of dog rose, one pound. Sugar, twenty ounces. Gradually add the sugar to the rose-pulp, and rub together till well mixed. Lond. Ph. Has been advised in diarrhoea and dysentery, as an astringent; but is principally used as a pill basis. 
ROSA CENTIFOLIA. Hundred-Leaved Rose. 
This species, of which there are innumerable varieties, is cultivated in every garden, but it« native country is unknown, though probably it is from Persia. 
The petals arc the only part used; these are fragrant, and have an acidulous, somewhat bitterish taste. They are slightly laxative, bui are principally used for making rose water 
Rose Water R. Fresh hundred-leaved rose petals, eight pounis, Water, two gallons, Mix, and distil one gallon. U. S. Ph, R. Oil of roses, twenty minims. Distilled water, (Imp.) half a gallon Agitate together, and filter. Dub. Ph 
Ointment of Rose "Water. R. Rose water, one fl. ounce Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces Spermaceti, half an ounce. White wax, one drachm. Melt the last three ingredients together, on a water-bath, and stir in the rose water till cold. U. S. Ph. R. Oil of sweet almonds, two fl. ounces. Spermaceti, six drachms. Glycerin, four fl. drachms. Oil of roses, " bergamot, each, two drops. Melt the spermaceti with a gentle heat, stir in the oil of almonds gradually, remove the mixture from the fire, stir constantly, adding the glycerin, and finally incorporate the volatilo oils. Jos. Laidley Much used, under the name of Cold cream, as a cooling application to irritated surfaces. I 


400 
ROSA GALLICA 
Eose Lozenges. R. Powdered sugar, Rose water, each, six ounces. Evaporate gently, to a thick syrup, and add Coarsely-powdered sugar, one pound. Oil of roses, one drachm and a half. When dissolved, pour in drops, on a cold, oiled, marble slab, and dry. Cotlereau. 
COLLUTORY OF ROSE WATER. R. Rose water, three fl. ounces. Cream, Whites of eggs, Syrup of violets, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. St. Marie. 
Oil of Roses. R. Fresh rose leaves, at will. Water, sufficient to moisten the leaves; distil, and collect the-oil that floats on the product. Guibourt. 
Essence of Roses. R. Pounded rose leaves, Alcohol (.874), each, ten parts. Infuse for twenty-four hours, by a gentle heat, and distil. Taddei. 
Rose Oil. R. Pounded rose leaves, one part. Olive oil, four parts. Digest with gentle heat for four days, express, and strain; repeat process with fresh leaves, a second and third time; separate the water, and filter. Sonbeiran. As an application to chilblains and irritated surfaces. 
ROSA GALLIC A. Red Rose. This species is a native of the south of Europe, and is generally cultivated in our gardens. The varieties are very numerous. Linn. Sp. PL 704. Griffith, Med. Bot 273. The parts used in medicine are the petals of the unexpanded flowers, deprived of their white claws, and dried. In this state they are of a purplish red color, of an agreeable odor, and bitterish, astringent taste. They have mild astringent properties, but are more used us a vehicle, than for their own powers. 
Confection of Roses. R. Red roses, in powder, four ounces. Powdered sugar, thirty ounces. 
Clarified honey, six ounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. Rub the roses with the rose water, heated to 150° ; add gradually the sugar and honey, and beat together. U. S. FL Principally used as a pill basis. 
Acid Infusion of Roses. R. Red roses, half an ounce. Boiling water, forty-eight fl. ounces. Diluted sulphuric acid, three fl. drachms. Digest in a glass vessel for half an hour; express, strain, and add Sugar, one ounce and a half. As a cooling drink, mixed with water. Dub. PL, 1826. R. Red roses, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints and a half. Diluted sulphuric acid, three fl. drachms. Sugar, one ounce and a half. Pour the water on the roses, in a glass vessel, add the acid, macerate for half an hour, strain, and add the sugar. U. S. FL 
Honey of Roses. R. Red roses, two ounces. Clarified honey, two pints. Boiling water, one pint and a half. Macerate the roses in the water for two hours, and strain; add the honey, and evaporate to proper consistence. U. S. I'll., 1840. R. Coarsely-powdered red roses, two ounces. Clarified honey, twenty fl. ouuees. Boiling water, twelve fl. ouuees. Macerate the roses for four hours in eight 9. ounces of the water, and express ; macerate the residue in four fl. ounces of boiling water for half an hour, and again express. Mix the last infusion with four fl. ounces of the first and with the honey, and evaporate to one pint. Add tho reserved infusion and strain. U. S. FL, 1850. As an addition to gargles. 
Electuary of Roses. R. Confection of roses, sixteen parts. Syrup of tolu, four parts. " poppies, one part. Mix. Used as an astringent in bowel affections, in doses of a teaspoonful. Foy. 
Tincture of Roses. R. Red roses, five ounces. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Rose water, eight fl. ounces. 


401 
ROSMARINUS. 
Digest tor four days, express, and filter; digest residuum with half a pint of alcohol for three days; express, filter, and mix the liquors. Squire. Used principally as a perfume. 
Wine op Roses. R. Red roses, one part. Red wine, sixteen parts. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. As an application to indolent ulcers. Beral. 
Compound Vinegar of Roses. R. Red roses, one ounce and a half. Sumach leaves, one ounce. Wine of quince, four fl. ounces. Vinegar of red wine, ten fl. ounces. Macerate for ten days, express, and filter. As an application to contusions, and as a styptic. Van Mons. 
Syrup op Red Roses. R. Red roses, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. Sugar, twenty ounces. Macerate the rose leaves in the water for twelve hours, strain, add sugar, and form a syrup. Ed. Ph. A very mild astringent, of a fine red color. 
ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. This is the Rosmarinus officinalis, a small evergreen shrub, a native of the south of Europe, and generally cultivated in gardens elsewhere. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Sys£.Lamiaceaj. Linn. Sp. PI. 23. Griffith, Med. But. 507. The officinal portions are the flowering extremities. These have a fragrant odor, and a bitter, pungent taute. Rosemary is stimulant and carminative, hut is principally employed as an aromatic addition to lotions and liniments, and as an ingredient in articles of perfumery. 
Aromatic Rath. R Rosemary, Thyme, Sage, > e??V, half a pound. Origanum, Mint, J Boiling water,, six pints. Macerate for twelve hours, strain, and add Essence of soap, four ounces. Muriate of ammonia, • two ounces. Pour the whole into water sufficient for a bath. Foy. In chronic rheumatism,cutaneous affections, dyspepsia, &c. 26 
Aromatic Fomentation. R. Rosemary, half an ounce. Red wine, Water, each, three fl. ounces. Infuse, and express. As a fomentation in contusions. Augustin. 
Aromatic Vinegar. R. Rosemary, Sage, each, one ounce. Lavender, one ounce and a half. Cloves, half a drachm. Vinegar, two pints. Infuse for eight days, and strain. As a lotion in contusions, sprains, &c. Spielmann. 
Essence of Rosemary. R. Oil of rosemary, one fl. ounce. Rectified spirit, nine fl. ounces. Mix with agitation. Dose, twenty to forty drops. x Dub. Ph. 
Tincture of Rosemary. R. Rosemary, one part. Spirit of rosemary, four parts. Macerate, express, and filter. Brum. PL 
Oil t>p Rosemary. R. Rosemary, at will. Water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product. Principally used in stimulating liniments, but sometimes given as carminative in doses of two or three drops. U. S. Ph. 
Rosemary Oil. R. Rosemary, one part. Olive oil, three parts. Heat till the water has evaporated, express, and strain. As a stimulating application. Span. Ph. 
Spirit op Rosemary. R. Oil of rosemary, four drachms. Alcohol, one gallon. Dissolve the oil in the alcohol. V. S. Ph. As an ingredient in lotions, and liniments, &c« 
Hungary Water. R. Rosemary, three parts Lavender, one part Diluted alcohol, six parts. Water, twelve parts. Mix, and distil three-fourths. Used as a perfume. Van Mont 


402 
RUBIA — RUBTJS VILLOSUS. 
R. Spirit of lavender, seven fl. ounces. Spirit of rosemary, four fl. ounces. Mix. Used as a substitute for the above. Pereira. R. Fresh rosemary, in blossom, four pounds. Fresh sage, in blossom, six ounces. Ginger, two ounces. Cut into pieces, and add Alcohol, twelve pounds. Water, two pints. Distil eleven pints by a gentle heat. Wirt. Pharm. 
RURIA. 
Madder. 
The Rubia tinctorum, or Madder, is a perennial plant, a native of the south of Europe, and extensively cultivated in many countries for the sake of its roots, which are used in dj'eing reds. Sex. Syst. Tetrand. monog. Nat. Syst, Rubiacea?. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 158. Griffith, Med. Bot. 382. The root is the officinal portion, and as found in commerce, is in long, cylindrical pieces, about as thick as a quill, of a deep red or brown color. It has a peculiar and unpleasant odor, and a bitterish, astringent taste. It was much used formerly as a diuretic, but is at present seldom prescribed, except as an emmenagogue, for which purpose it is highly spoken of by many practitioners. 
Compound Powder of Madder. R. Powdered madder, " sugar, each, two drachms. " sulphate of potassa, half an ounce. Mix well. Dose, ten grains to a scruple, in rachitis. Radius. 
Decoction of Madder. R. Powdered madder, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Simmer for fifteen minutes, and add Bruised cloves, one drachm. Strain when cool. A wineglassful every three hours, a short time previous to the expected time of the menstrual discharge. Dewees. R. Powdered madder, • one ounce. " mace, two drachms. Water, one pint and a half. Eoil down to one pint, strain, and add Aromatic tincture, two fl. drachms. Syrup of citric acid, two fl. ounces. Dose, three fl. ounces three or four times a-day, n amenorr'ieea, chlorosis, &c. Swediaur. 
R. Powdered madder, half an ounce. " hops, one drachm. English walnut leaves, three. Water, two pints. Boil down to a pint and a half, strain, and add Tincture of tartrate of iron, one fl. drachm. Advised in scrofula, in doses of two ounces, night and morning. St. Marie. 
RUM EX. Dock. Various species of dock have been used at different times, but the R. Britannica, or water dock, and the R. obtusifolius, or blunt-leaved dock, are alone officinal in this country. Sex. Syst. Hexand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Polygonacere. Willd. Sp. PI. ii. 250. Griffith, Med. Bot. 545. All of the species of dock are cooling, aperient, and slightly diuretic, but they are seldom employed. 
Decoction of Dock Root. R. Bruised water dock-root, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes and strain. This has proved efficacious in ichthyosis. Dose, one fl. ounce. A. T. Thomson. 
RUBUS TRIVIALIS. Dewberry. RUBUS VILLOSUS. Blackberry. 
These two species of shrubby plants are very common in the United States, and are well known for their pleasant fruit. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Rosacere. Torrey and Gray, i. 454,455. Griffith, Med. Bot. 275, 276. The juice of the fruit is employed in the form of a syrup. The officinal portions are the roots. These are identical in their effects; they have a very faint odor, and a bitter, astringent taste. The smaller are to be preferred. They are efficient, but mild astringents, and have been found very useful in a relaxed condition of the bowels. 
Decoction of Rlackberry Root. R. Small roots of blackberry, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, and strain. Dose, one or two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day, in diarrhoea, &c. 


403 
RUT A 
Syrup of Blackberries. R Juice of blackberries, twenty ounces. Sugar, three pounds. Boil, and strain. Said to be very useful in dysentery. R. Blackberries, thirty quarts. Mash, strain through unbleached muslin, and express the remainder. Then heat in a proper vessel Sugar, (av.) sixty-four pounds- Water, two and one-quarter gallons- Make a syrup, and stir in the blackberry juice, continuing the heat until the syrup has boiled two or three minutes. The syrup should mark 31° Baum. while boiling. Remove from the fire, skim and strain. As this syrup is rather insipid, its flavor may be improved by adding aromatics. Ambrose Smith. 
RUTA. Rue. The only species recognized in medicine is the Ruta graveolens, a small shrub with glaucous leaves and yellow flowers, a native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in gardens. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ituta- Linn. Sp. PI. 523. Griffith, Med. Bot. 189. The leaves are the part usually employed ; they have a nauseous odor, and a bitter, acrid, disagreeable taste. They are stimulant and antispasmodic, and have been much used as an emmenagogue and vermifuge. The dose of the powder is from ten to twenty grains, two or three times a-day. 
Confection of Rue. R. Powdered rue, Caraway, Laurel berries, each, one ounce and a half. Sagapenum, half an ounce. Black pepper, two drachms. • Clarified honey, sixteen ounces. Mix. Lond. Ph. It is used as an antispasmodic, in the form of an enema made with a scruple to a drachm, mixed with half a pint of warm, mucilaginous fluid. 
Extract op Rue. R. Dried rue, two pounds. Alcohol (.927), seven pints. Exhaust the rue by the process of displacement, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Wirt. Ph. 
Mixture op Rue and Squtll. R. Juice of rue leaves, one ounce. Oxymel of squill, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in hysteric affections. Pierquin. 
Oil of Rue. R. Fresh leaves, at will. Water, sufficient. Mix, distil, and separate the oil. Dose, one or two drops. Lewis's Disp. R. Dried rue, sixty parts. Olive oil, five hundred parts. Digest for two hours on a sand-bath, agitating from time to time, express, and filter. Par. Cod. 
Syrup of Rue. R. Coarsely-powdered sugar, fifteen ounces. Tincture of rue, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Dissolve, and strain. Beral. 
Tincture of Rue. R. Expressed juice of rue, Alcohol (.847); each, four fl. ounces. Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four hours. Beral. 
Mixture of Rue. R. Rue, Savin e, Wormwood, each, three drachms. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, strain, and add Castor oil, half an ounce. As an injection, in cases of ascarides. Radim 


404 
SAB AD ILL A — SABINA. 
s. 
Capuchin Powder. R. Powdered cevadilla, " stavesacre, " parsley seed, " tobacco, equal parts, Mix. To destroy vermin in the hair. Niemann. 
SABADILLA. Cevadilla. This article is the seed of one or more plants belonging to the natural order of Melanthacese; the U. S. Ph. attributes it to Veratrum sabadilla, and the Lond. Ph. to Helonias (Asagraia) officinale. The Cevadilla of the shops consists of follicles, seeds, &c. The first are ovate, oblong, acuminate, of a pale, yellowish-brown color, and a thin, papery consistence. The seeds are small, curved, acuminate, shining, wrinkled, and of a blackish-brown color. They have very little odor, but their taste is bitter and acrid. These seeds are a drastic emeto-cathartic, and have been used as an anthelmintic, and in nervous diseases, &c.; but are principally used in the preparation of veratria. The dose is from five to ten grains, in powder; but it should always be given with much caution. 
S ABB ATI A. American Centaury. The Sabbatia angularis is a small annual, or biennial plant, growing in abundance in various parts of the United States, having numerous rose-colored flowers, which appear in July and August. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Gen tianacese. Pursh, Flor. Am. i. 137. Griffith, Med. BoL 458. The herbaceous portion of the plant is offi cinal. It is a pure bitter, with no astringency cr aroma. 
Compound Powder op Cevadilla. R. Powdered cevadilla, two grains. Sulphate of iron, one grain. Powdered semen contra, Magnesia, each, ten grains. Mix. To be given four times a-day, in cases of tenia. Radius. 
Infusion of American Centaury. R. American centaury, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse; and strain, when cool. Dose, a wineglassful, every two hours, as a tonic. Chapman 
Tincture of Cevadilla. R. Seeds of cevadilla, bruised, at will. Alcohol, sufficient to cover them; digest for ten days, and filter. As a lotion in rheumatism. Turnbull. 
Tincture of American Centaury. R. American centaury, one part. Diluted alcohol, six parts. Digest for four days, express, and filter. Dose, a fl. drachm to two fl. drachms. 
Extract of Cevadilla. R. Tincture of cevadilla, at will. Evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one- Bixth of a grain, as a substitute for veratria in tic douloureux, &c. Turnbull. 
Extract op American Centaury. R. American centaury, one part. .Diluted alcohol, eight parts. Subject the herb to two or three macerations in the alcohol; heat to boiling; unite the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue. Dose, five to ten grains. 
Ointment of Cevadilla. R. Powdered cevadilla, four ounces. M mustard, " pellitory, each, two ounces. Lard, thirty-two ounces. Mix well. To destroy lice. Par. Cod. 
Ointment op Extract op Cevadilla. R. Extract of cevadilla, fifteen to twenty grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix well. As a substitute for veratria ointent, but not as efficient. Turnbull. 
SABINA. Savine. Savine is the tops of Juniperus sabina, a small tree or shrub, a native of the south of Europe, somewhat resembling the red cedar in its foliage. 


405 
SABINA 
Sex Syst. Dicecia monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinacece. Linn. Sp. PI. 1472. Griffith, Med. Bot. 608. The tips of the branches are officinal. These, when dried, have a bitter, acrid taste, and an unpleasant odor. Savine is an active stimulant acting powerfully on the skin- and uterus. It also acts as an external irritant. The dose of the powder is from five to fifteen grains, three or four times a-day. 
Powder of Savine and Ginger. R. Powdered savine, " ginger, each, one drachm. Sulphate of potassa, two drachms. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, to be taken twice a-day, in amenorrhcea. Ellis. 
Powder of Savine and Spanish Flies. R. Powdered savine, one drachm. u Spanish flies, two grains. Mix, and divide into four powders. One, at bedtime, in amenorrhcea. Ellis. 
Powder of Savine and Verdigris. R. Powdered savine, " verdigris, equal parts. Mix. As an cscharotic to venereal warts. J. Hunter. 
Powder of Savine and Pinkroot. R. Powdered pinkroot, " senna, each, two scruples. " savine, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthelmintic. One, every morning, till three are taken, then a dose of castor oil. If required, repeat. Ellis. 
Pills of Savine. R. Extract of savine, half an ounce. Powdered savine, two drachms. Oil of savine, sufficient. Mix, and form pills of two grains each. Four, three times a-day, as an emmenagogue. Niemann. 
Extract of Savine. R. Powdered savine, two pounds. Alcohol, seven pints. Exhaust the savine by the process of displacement ; distil off the alcohol, and evaporate the residue, on a water-bath. Par. Cod. 
Oil of Savine. R. Savine, at will Water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and collect the oil that floats on the product Guibourt. A powerful stimulant emmenagogue, an rubefacient Dose, two to five drops. 
Infusion of Savine. R. Savine, one drachm. Roiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Dose, half a fl. ounce. Pereira. R. Savine, one drachm. Camphor, six grains. Boiling water, five fl. ounces. Infuse, and strain. Horn. 
Tincture of Savine. R. Savine, one part. Alcohol, four parts. Macerate for ten days, and filter. Dose, ten to fifteen drops. Soubeiran. 
Compound Tincture of Savine. R. Extract of savine, one ounce. Tincture of castor, sixteen fl. ounces. Tincture of myrrh, eight fl. ounces. Digest till dissolved. As an emmenagogue. Lond. Ph., 1768. R. Compound tincture of savine, one fl. ounce. Tincture of black hellebore, half a fl. ounce. " castor, two fl. drachms, Mix. Forty drops, three times a-day. Ellis. 
Savine Cerate. R. Powdered savine, two ounces Resin cerate, one pound. Melt the cerate, and mix in the savine. U. S. Ph. As a dressing to keep up the discharge of blisters, &c. 
Savine Ointment. R. Powdered savine, Lard, equal parts. Mix. As an application to venereal warts. Radius. R. Fresh savine, bruised, half a pound White wax, three ounces, Lard, one pound. Melt the lard and wax together, mix in the sa vine, and express through linen. Lond. Ph. 


406 
SACCHARUM—SAGAPENUM. 
SACCHARUM. Sugar. Sugar is procured from the Saccharum officinarum and other species, and is used in several forms, as molasses, brown, and refined sugar, the latter of which only, is recognized in the U. S. Pharm. 
Syrup. R. Sugar, two pounds and a half. Water, one pint. Dissolve the sugar in the water, by the aid of heat, remove any scum that may form, and strain while hot. U. S. Ph. 
Caramel or Burnt Sugar. R. Sugar, at will. Place in a shallow vessel, and heat over a gentle fire, till it assumes a dark-brown color. Used as a coloring for spirits, &c. Gray. 
Vermifuge Sugar. R. Ethiops mineral, two parts. Quicksilver, three parts. Rub together until the globules are extinguished ; add Sugar, seven parts, and mix thoroughly. Soubeiran. 
Saccharated Powders. 
Under this name, M. Beral has proposed the mixture of sugar with various active medicines, all the ingredients being reduced to powder. The peculiarity of the preparation is that sugar enters it in large proportion, while the true medical agent is in small quantity. 
Saccharated Powder of Digitalis. R. Fresh leaves of digitalis, deprived of midribs and nerves, one part. Place in bibulous paper, and expose to the air in the shade for twelve hours. Then mix carefully with White sugar, three parts. Dry the mixture with a gentle heat, pulverize, and preserve in opaque bottles. In the same manner may be prepared saccharated powders of fresh aconite leaves, belladonna, hemlock, henbane, savine, stramonium, and rue. Dorvault. 
Saccharated Powder of Jalap. R. Tincture of jalap, sixty parts. Sugar, in small lumps, five hundred parts. Pour the tincture on the sugar, and permit the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously, or on a sand- 
bath. The process of evaporation may be accelerated by reducing the sugar to a coarse powder, twenty-four hours after the addition of the tincture. The active principle is retained in the sugar. In the same manner may be prepared saccharated powders of— Belladonna, Mace, Castor, Myrrh, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Cinchona, Rhubarb, Cloves, . Saffron, Henbane, Squill, Ipecacuanha, Tolu, &,c. &c. Vanilla, &c. &c. This mode of obtaining the active principles of medicines in a soluble form, may be resorted to, advantageously, in making lozenges. Dorvault. 
Oleo-Sacciiarated Powders. R. Any volatile oil, one part. Sugar, seventy-two parts. Rub together. For convenience of preparation, one drop of the oil to one drachm of sugar, is sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. By this admixture, the volatile oil becomes soluble in water. Dorvault. 
SAGAPENUM. Sagapenum. This is a gum resin, derived most probably from some plant belonging to the Apiacero. It is in irregular masses, composed of cohering fragments, of a yellowish-brown, olive, or reddish-yellow color; of a waxy consistence, of a somewhat alliaceous odor, and a pungent, bitterish, unpleasant taste. It is a mild stimulant, somewhat resembling assafetida in its properties, but inferior to it. It has been used as an emmenagogue and antispasmodic, but it is now seldom prescribed internally, but is still employed as an external application as a discutient. 
Prepared Sagapenum. R. Sagapenum, one pound. Water, sufficient to cover. Heat the sagapenum with the water until they are mixed. Strain through a hair sieve, and* 1 ** evanorate on a water-bath, stirring constantly. Lond. Ph. 
Compound Sagapenum Pills. R. Sagapenum, one ounce. Aloes, half a drachm. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. Beat together. Dose, ten grains. Lond. Ph., 1836. As a stimulant, antispasmodic laxative, in flatulent colic, &c. 


SAGO —SALIX. 
407 
SAGO. Sago. This is the prepared fecula of the pith of various species of Palmacca? and Cycadaceae. It is prepared in two forms, meal and pearl sago, the latter of which is most generally employed. This is in small, hard, whitish or brownish grains, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous taste. It is insoluble in cold water, but by long boiling forms a glutinous solution. It is nutritive, easily digestible, and forms an excellent article of diet for the sick and convalescent. 
Sago Mucilage. R. Sago, one ounce. • Water, one pint. Macerate by a gentle heat, for two hours, then boil for fifteen minutes, stirring continually, till the grains are perfectly dissolved ; add sugar or flavoring, according to circumstances. A. T. Thomson. 
Sago Posset. R. Sago, two ounces. Water, two pints. Macerate for two hours, by a gentle heat, then boil, til! a mucilage is formed; then rub half an ounce of sugar on the rind of a lemon, add this and one fl. drachm of tincture of ginger to half a pint of sherry wine, pour the whole into tiie sago mucilage, and boil for five minutes. Useful in convalescence to restore strength. A wineglassful to be taken every four or five hours. A. T. Thomson. 
Sago Milk. R. Sago, one ounce. Water, one pint. Macerate for half an hour, then add Milk, one pint and a half. Boil slowly, till the sago is perfectly dissolved. A. T. Thomson. 
SALICINUM. Salicin. R. Decoction of willow bark, at will. Treat with slaked lime, filter, and evaporate to consistence of syrup; add alcohol, again filter, evaporate, and let crystallize ; wash the crystals with cola water. Cottereau. Dose, four to six grains every three hours, in apyrexia of intermittcnts. 
Pills op Salicin. R. Salicin, Extract of gentian, each, twelve grains. . Liquorice powder, sufficient. Mix, and make six pills. Foy. 
R. Salicin, twenty-four grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient to make eight pills. Dose, one pill, every three hours, in the apyrexia of intermittent fevers. Ellis. 
Compound Salicin Pills. R. Salicin, one scruple. Compound rhubarb pill, two scruples. Mix, and make twelve pills. Beasley. 
Compound Powder of Salicin. R. Salicin, two scruples. Aromatic powder, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. Neligan. R. Salicin, fifteen grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered sugar, fifty graius. Mix, and divide into ten powders. One, thrice, a-day. Krombolz. 
S ALIX. Willow. Many species of willow have been used in medicine, and are recognized in the different Pharmacopoeias; that admitted by the U. S. Ph. is the Salix alba, a small tree, a native of Europe, but extensively cultivated in the United States. Sex. Syst. Dioecia diand. Nat. Syst. Salicu- Linn. Sp. PI. 1449. Lindlcy, Flor. Med. 318. The otlicinal portion is the bark; this is in thin, flexible, fibrous pieces, of a brown color. It has a peculiar, aromatic odor, and an astringent, bitter taste. It is tonic and astringent, and has been used as a substitute lor Peruvian bark. 
Extract op Willow Bark. R. Powdered willow bark, two parts. Distilled water, one part. Macerate twelve hours, transfer to a percolator, exhaust, raise the liquid to the boiling' point, strain, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. Dorvault. 
Compound Powder op Willow Bark. R. Powdered willow bark, " horse-chestnut bark, " gentian, " calamus, " avens root, equal parts. In intermittent fevers, in drachm doses. Hufeland 


408 
SALVIA—SAMBUCUS. 
Willow Bark Dentifrice. R. Powdered willow bark, " charcoal, each, half an ounce. Extract of myrrh, two drachms. Balsam of Peru, half a scruple. Oil of cinnamon, three drops. Triturate well together. Phoebus. 
Decoction op Willow Bark. R. Contused willow bark, one ounce and a half. Water, fifteen fl. ounces. Boil down to one-half. Niemann. 
Ointment of Willow Leaves. R- Expressed juice of willow leaves, two fl. ounces. Lard, sufficient. Mix, and heat till moisture is driven off. Useful as a dressing to foul ulcers. Hufeland. 
SALVIA. Sage. Though many species of Salvia possess analogous remedial properties, one only is recognized by the U. S. Ph., — the Salvia officinalis, a perennial plant, native of the south of Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens, flowering in June, at which time it should be collected. Sex. Syst. Diand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lamiaceae. Linn. Sp. PI. 34. Griffith, Med. Bot. 505. The leaves are the officinal portion. These have a strong, fragrant odor, and a warm, bitterish, aromatic, somewhat astringent taste. Sage is stimulant, with some astringent and tonic powers. It is principally used in the composition of gargles, and is also said to abate the excessive sweats in hectic fever. The dose, in powder, is from twenty to thirty grains. 
Infusion of Sage. R. Sage, half an ounce. Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for half an hour, and strain. Sugar and lemon juice may be added, according to circumstances. As a drink in fevers. Ellis. 
Compound Infusion of Sage. R. Sage, Boneset, each, half an ounce. Cascarilla, one drachm. Water, one pint and a half. Infuse till cold, and strain. Dose, a wineglass<ul every three or tour hours. In hectic fever. Ellis. 
Gargle of Sage. R. Infusion of sage, one pint. Diluted sulphuric acid, two drachms. Honey of roses, one ounce. Mix. In relaxation of the uvula, Ate. Radius. R. Infusion of sage, two pints. Tincture of Peruvian bark, Syrup of mulberries, each, half a fl. ounce. Spirit of horseradish, one drachm. Mix, More active than the last. Cadet 
Vinegar of Sage. R. Sage, one part. Vinegar, six parts. Mix, and distil four parts. Beral. As a gargle, mixed with water. 
SAMBUCUS. Elder Flowers. The species recognized by the U. S. Ph., it the Sambucus Canadensis, which appears to bt perfectly identical in properties with the Euro pean kind, the S. nigra. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ca prifbliaccee. Willd. Sp. PI. 1494. Griffith, Med. Bot. 353 The officinal portion is the flowers, but th« berries, bark, and leaves are also used. The flowers have a faint but peculiar odor, when dried, and a bitterish taste. They are slightly stimulant and diaphoretic. The berries are diaphoretic and laxative; the bark acts as a hydragogue purgative, as do also the leaves. 
Elder-Flower Water. R. Fresh elder flowers, ten pounds. Water, (I m P-) two gallons. Mix, and distil a gallon. Lond. Ph- Principally used as a flavoring ingredient in mixtures and emulsions. 
Vinegar of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, one part. Vinegar of red wine, twelve parts. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. As a gargle. Soubeiran. 
Gargle op Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse, strain, and add Nitrate of potassa, half an ounce. Tincture of burnet, three fl. drachms. Oxymel, two fl. ounces. Mix. Saunders 


409 
SANGUINARIA 
Extract op Elder Berries. R. Elder berries, one pound. Bruise them in a mortar; express the juice, and evaporate to due consistence. Dub. Ph., 1788. Has been praised in rheumatic, gouty, and eruptive affections; in doses of one to four drachms. 
Mixture of Extract op Elder Berries. R. Extract of elder berries, Pulp of prunes, Syrup of red poppies, each, two ounces. Nitrate of potassa, one drachm. Mix. Two or three spoonfuls a-day, in asthma. St. Marie. 
Decoction of Elder Bark. R. Elder bark, three ounces. Water, two pints. Boil to one-half. Half a pint, morning and evening, in dropsy. Sydenham. 
Ointment of Elder Leaves. R. Fresh elder leaves, three pounds. Lard, four pounds. Suet, two pounds. Boil the leaves in the lard till crisp; express; strain; add the suet, and melt. Dub. Ph., 1826. As a cooling application. 
Ointment of Elder Flowers. R. Elder flowers, Lard, equal parts. Melt, and continue heat, till all moisture is driven off, and express Beral Used as the last. 
SANGUINARIA. Bloodroot. This is the rhizome of the Sanguinaria Canadensis, popularly known as bloodroot, or puccoon. It is a small, herbaceous perennial, flowering at the very commencement of the spring; at which time the leaf is small, but attains a large size during the summer. Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Papaveraceae. Linn. Sp. PL 723. Griffith, Med. Bot. 127. The root is horizontal, abrupt, often contorted, of a reddish-brown color, externally, and of a bright orange-red within. When dried it is somewhat flattened, much wrinkled and twisted, of a reddish-brown color externally, and of a bright orange within, becoming brown by exposure. The powder is brownish-red. It has a faint narcotic odor, and a bitterish, acrid taste, which is very persistent. It is an acrid 
emetic, with narcotic and stimulant properties. Dose, as an emetic, from ten to twenty grains; for other purposes, from one to five grains. 
Pills op Bloodroot. R. Powdered bloodroot, one drachm. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One to two as an alterative, &c, five to ten as an emetic. 
Infusion of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for two hours. Dose, half to one fl. ounce. Beasley. 
Tincture of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and Alter. U. S. Ph. As emetic, three or four fl. drachms; as expectorant, alterative, &c, thirty to sixty drops. R. Bruised bloodroot, two ounces. Spirit of nitric ether, two pints. Digest eight days, and filter. This is a valuable expectorant and diaphoretic, in doses of half a fl. drachm to one fl. drachm. Mettauer. 
Compound Tincture of Bloodroot. R. Bloodroot, Lobelia, Skunk-cabbage root, Asarabacca, Pleurisy root, each, in coarse powder, one ounce. Place them in a vessel, and cover with Boiling water or vinegar, one pint; and cover tightly. When cold, add Alcohol, three pints. Macerate fourteen days, and filter. Used as an emetic. Eel. Med. Jour. 
Syrup of Bloodroot. R. Coarsely-powdered bloodroot, eight ounces. Acetic acid, four ounces. Water, five pints. Sugar, (troy) two pounds. Mix two fl. ounces of the acetic acid with a pint of water and macerate the root for three days. Transfer to a percolator, and displace with the remainder of the water, previously mixed with the other half of the acetic acid. Evaporate on a water-bath to eighteen fl. ounces, add the sugar, and form a syrup T.S Wiegand 


410 
SANTALUM —SAPO VULGARIS. 
SANTALUM. Red Saunders. This is the wood of Fterocarpus santalinus, a lofty tree, found in the East Indies. It is imported in logs or billets. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaccas. Linn. Suppl. 318. Griffith, Med. Bot. 245. Red saunders is a mild astringent and tonic; but it is chiefly, if not exclusively, employed to impart color. 
SAPO. Soap. Soaps are combinations of animal or vegetable oils, with one or more of the alkalies ; they are principally used for washing, but some of them are officinal. 
SAPODURUS. Hard Soap. This is officinal under the name of Sapo, in the U. S. and Lond. Phs., and is a combination of olive oil and soda. 
Spanish, or Castile Soap. This is the officinal soap of the TJ. S. Ph., and presents two varielies, the white and the marbled, the first of which only should be used. 
SAPO MOLLIS. Soft Soap. This soap is a combination of olive or other vegetable oils and potassa, or animal oils with the same alkali. 
SAPO VULGARIS. Common Soap Is a hard soap, made from tallow and caustic soda. Besides these officinal soaps, there are many others, which are used medicinally, or for cleansing pumoses. 
soda. 
Almond Soap. R. Caustic solution of soda, one thousand parts. Oil of almonds, two thousand one hundred parts. Mix, and keep the mixture for some days at a temperature of 68° F., stirring from time to lime, until it acquires the consistence of a soft naste; place in moulds until dry. It should not 
be used for medicinal purposes, until it has been exposed to the action of the air for a month or two. Par. Cod. 
Beef-Marrow Soap. R. Purified beef marrow, five hundred parts. Caustic solution of soda, two hundred and fifty parts. Common salt, one hundred parts. Water, one thousand parts. Put the marrow, with hot water, into a porcelain vessel, and heat, until it is melted ; then add the solution of caustic soda, by degrees, constantly stirring, till saponification is complete; then add the salt, slightly stirring, collect the soap which rises, drain it, melt it by a gentle heat, pour into moulds, and allow it to solidify. Far. Cod. 
Soap of Turpentine. Starkey's Soap. R. Dry carbonate of potassa, Oil of turpentine, Venice turpentine, equal parts. Triturate the potassa with the oil, and then with the turpentine, until the mass has attained a proper consistence. Preserve in an earthenware vessel. Far. Cod. Was supposed to be a corrector of the injurious effects of opium, hellebore, &c. It is now principally given in gonorrhoea and dropsy. Dose, eight to ten grains. 
Aromatic Soap. R. Concentrated solution of soap, six ounces. Oil of bergamot, " lavender, " rosemary, each, two drachms. Mix. Employed in baths, as a tonic and antispasmodic. Niemann. 
Camphorated Soap. R. White soap sixteen ounces. Roiling water, eight ounces. Olive oil, six ounces. Powdered camphor, one drachm. Dissolve the soap in the water, evaporate gently to the consistence of a soft paste, add the camphor incorporated in. the oil, mix well, and pour into moulds. Said to be useful in chaps and excoriations. Wetzler. 
Cosmetic Soap Powder. R. White soap, twelve ounces. Carbonate of potassa, two ounces. Powdered orris root, three ounces. " horse-chestnuts, two pounds. 


411 
SAPO VULGARIS. 
Oil of lavender, u bergamot, each, forty drops. " lemon, thirty drops. u cloves, ten drops. Sugar, half an ounce. Mix, and form a powder. Niemann. 
Arsenical Soap. R. Arsenious acid, two pounds. Carbonate of potassa, twelve ounces. Camphor, five ounces. White soap two pounds. Powdered lime, eight ounces. Reduce each to powder, and mix. Used as a preservative for specimens of natural history against the attacks of insects. Known as BeconPs arsenical soap. Gannal. 
Soap Cerate. R. Solution of subacetate of lead, two pints. Soap, six ounces. White wax, ten ounces. Olive oil, one pint. Boil the saturnine solution with the sonp, over a slow fire, to the consistence of honey ; transfer to a water-bath, and evaporate until all the moisture is dissipated; add the wax, previously melted with the oil, and mix. U. S. Ph. Soap cerate is cooling and sedative. 
Camphorated Soap Liniment. Opodeldoc. R. Common soap, sliced, three ounces. Camphor, one ounce. Oil of rosemary, " origanum, each, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, one pint. Digest the soap in the alcohol, on a sand-bath, until dissolved; add the camphor and oils, dissolve, and pour into broad-mouthed bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Camphorated Tincture op Soap. „ Soap Liniment. R. Soap, in shavings, four ounces. Camphor, two ounces. Oil of rosemary, half a fl. ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, two pints. Mix the alcohol and water, and digest the soap in the mixture, on a water-bath, till dissolved; filter, and add the camphor and oil. U. S. Ph. 
Saponine. (For cleaning gloves.") R. Powdered soap, two hundred and fifty parts. Solution of chloriuated potassa, one hundred and sixtyfive parts. Solution of ammonia, ten parts. Water, one hundred and fifty-five parts. Mix, and form a paste : a small portion rubbed on a glove with a piece of flannel will cleanse it. Duvignan. 
Grease Balls. R. Fuller's earth, two pounds four ounces. Carbonate of soda, Soap, each, eight ounces. Add, Yolks of eggs, eight. Well beaten with Ox gall, eight ounces. Levigate thoroughly, form into cakes or balls, and dry. Lenormand. 
Add, 
Bolus op Soap. R. White soap, two scruples. Oil of caraway, two or three drops. Syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make two boluses. They are purgative. 6>wediaur. 
Pills op Soap. R. White soap, one hundred and twentyfive parts. Marsh mallow root, powdered, sixteen parts. Nitrate of potassa, four parts. Beat together till well incorporated, and divide into four-grain pills. Par. Cod. 
Pills op Soap and Ox G-all. R. Powdered white soap, two drachms. Extract of ox gall, one drachm. Mix, and incorporate Powdered guaiacum, Calomel, each, half a drachm. Powdered guaiacum wood, sufficient. Mix, and make four-grain pills. In gout, one to two, morning and evening. Vicq D Azir. 
Compound Soap Pills. R. White soap, three drachms Ammoniac, Rhubarb, each, one drachm. 


412 
SAPO VULGARIS 
Aloes, ten grains. Apsafetida, Saffron, each, thirty-six grains. Mix, and make three-grain pills. Purgative and alterative; four to six a-day. Recamier. R. Powdered opium, half an ounce. Soap, two ounces. Beat into a pilular mass, with water. Dose, three to five grains. U. S. Ph. 
Soap Plaster. R. Soap, sliced, four ounces. Lead plaster, three pounds. Rub the soap into a semi-fluid state with water; then mix it with the plaster, previously melted, and boil to proper consistence. U. S. Fh. 
Electuary of Soap, &c. R. White soap, one drachm and a half. Venice turpentine, one drachm. Seneka, Marsh mallow, each, two drachms. Rob of juniper, sufficient. Mix. Four teaspoonfuls a-day. Vogi. 
Essence of Soap. R. White soap, twenty-four parts. Distilled water, thirty-two parts. Alcohol (.923), sixty-four parts. Carbonate of potassa, one part. Essence of lemon, sufficient. Dissolve the soap in the water and alcohol; add the potassa and essence, and filter. Used for the toilette. Soubeiran. 
Camphorated Essence of Soap. R. White soap, three parts. Camphor, one part. Spirit of rosemary, sixteen parts. Dissolve the camphor, and then the soap, in the spirit. As an embrocation in rheumatic pains, &.c. Guibourt. 
Ethereal Solution op Soap. R. Beef marrow soap, one part. Acetic ether, five parts. 
Dissolve by aid of a water-bath. Used as an embrocation in rheumatic pains, &c. Foy. 
Camphorated Acetic Balsam op Soap R. Common soap, Camphor, each, one drachm. Acetic ether, one ounce. Oil of thyme, ten drops. 
Dissolve the soap in the ether with the aid of heat; add the camphor, then the oil, and filter. Used as above. Cottereau. 
Cataplasm op Soap. R. Common soap, four drachms. Roasted onion, Mustard, each, two ounces. Water, sufficient. Heat together, and mix into a cataplasm. As a maturating application to boils, abscesses, &c. Foy. 
Soap Suppository. R. Soap, two ounces. Common salt, one ounce Honey, sufficient. Mix, and form into conical suppositories, and oil them on the surface. Spielmann. 
Clyster of Soap. R. Barley water, six ounces. White soap, one drachm. Honey, six drachms. Mix, and dissolve. Brera. 
Soap op Cod Liver Oil. R. Cod liver oil, two ounces. Caustic soda, two drachms. Water, five drachms. Dissolve the soda in the water, and mix the solution with the oil. Deschamps. 
Ioduretted Soap of Cod Liver Oil. R. Soap of cod liver oil, one ounce. Iodide of potassium, one drachm. Water, one drachm. Dissolve the iodide in the water, and add it to the soap. Deschamps. 
Soap with Sulphur. R. Soap, Sulphur, each, four ounces. Oil of bergamot, half a drachm. Water, sufficient. Beat together. As an application in itch. Frank. 
Itch Ointment. R. Brown soap, one'ounce. Common salt, Sulphur, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Vinegar, two fl. drachms. Chloride of lime, half a drachm. Rub well together. One-fourth to be used night and morning, as a friction. It is effectual, cheap, and inoffensive. Emory. 


413 
SARSAPARILLA 
SARSAPARILLA. 
Sarsaparilla. 
This is the officinal name for the roots of several species of Smilax found in Mexico and various parts of South America. These roots are known in commerce by the names of the places from whence they are shipped, as Para, Honduras, Jamaica, Vera Cruz, &c. Sarsaparilla, as found in commerce, is in packages, composed of dried roots, several feet in length, about the thickness of a quill, more or less wrinkled, of an ash-grey to a dark-brown color externally, and white to brownish within. The odor is slight but peculiar, the taste is at first mucilaginous, but finally somewhat acrid. It is considered alterative and tonic, but its real action is not well understood. The dose, in powder, is half a drachm to a drachm, three or four times a-day. 
Powder op Sarsaparilla and Peruvian Bark. R. Powdered sarsaparilla, one ounce. " Peruvian bark, three drachms. Carbonate of soda, two drachms. Mix, and divide into sixteen powders. One, thrice a-day, as an alterative. Cline. 
Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for two hours, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. One to four fl. ounces, three times a-day. 
Alkaline Infusion of Sarsaparilla. R.-Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces. Liquorice root, bruised, one ounce and a half. Solution of potassa, one fl. ounce and a half. Boiling water, five pints and a half. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and strain. Dose, from eight fl. ounces to one pint daily. As an alterative. St. Geo. Hosp. 
Decoction op Sarsaparilla. R. Sliced sarsaparilla, five ounces. Distilled water, four pints. Boil down to two pints, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, four to six fl. ounces a-day. 
Compound Decoction op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, six ounces. Bark of sassafras, sliced, Guaiacum wood, rasped, 
Liquorice root, bruised, each, one ounce. Mezereon, sliced, three drachms. Water, four pints. Macerate for twelve hours; then boil for a quarter of an hour, and strain. U. S. Ph. As an alterative and diaphoretic, in secondary syphilis, cutaneous affections, &c. Dose, four to six fl. ounces three times a-day. 
Feltz's Decoction of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. Isinglass, half an ounce. Crude antimony (tied in a rag), three drachms. Water, five pints. Boil to two pints and a half, and strain. Beasley. 
Vinache's Decoction op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, China root, bruised, Guaiacum wood, rasped, each, one ounce and a half. Crude antimony (in a rag), two ounces. Water, six pints. Macerate for twelve hours, boil to three pints, and add Sassafras bark, sliced, Senna, each, half an ounce. Infuse for an hour, strain, let settle, and decant. Foy. 
Lisbon Diet Drink. R. Guaiacum wood, rasped, one ounce. Sarsaparilla, bruised, three ounces. Mezereon, sliced, half an ounce. Crude antimony (in a rag), two ounces. Water, twelve pints. Boil down to eight pints, and add Red saunders, rasped, White sandal, rasped, each, three ounces. Rose wood, rasped, Sassafras bark, sliced, each, one ounce. Liquorice root, sliced, half an ounce. Infuse for four hours, strain, and add syrup according to taste. Foy. Dose, a pint to two pints a-day. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, four ounces. Dried walnut peel, four ounces. Guaiacum, rasped, one ounce and a hall 


414 
SARSAPARILLA. 
Crude antimony (in a rag), half an ounce. Water, four pints. Boil down to three pints. Pearson. 
Zittman's Decoction. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, twelve ounces. Spring water, forty-eight pints. Macerate for twenty-four hours, and introduce, tied up in a rag, Styptic powder (four parts alum and one of kino), one ounce and a half. Calomel, half an ounce. Cinnabar, one drachm. Boil down to sixteen pints, and add Aniseed, Fennel seed, each, half an ounce. Senna, three ounces. Liquorice root, one ounce and a half. Strain, and put aside as Strong decoction. Add to the dregs of the strong decoction, Sarsaparilla, bruised, six ounces. Spring water, forty-eight pints. Boil down to sixteen pints, and add Lemon peel,") Cinnamon, > each, three drachms. Cardamom, j Liquorice root, six drachms. Strain, and label, Weak decoction. To be given freely in the treatment of syphilitic and cutaneous affections, in chronic rheumatism, &c. Walther. 
Jauperand's Decoction. R. Bruised sarsaparilla, 4< China root, Crude antimony, each, two ounces. Carbonate of potassa, one drachm. Senna, Sassafras, sliced, each, one ounce. Rhubarb, Peruvian bark, each, half an ounce. Water, two gallons. Boil by a gentle fire for eight hours, till twelve pints of decoction are obtained. Let stand for some time, and strain. Advised in scrofula, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. Bories. 
Extract of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, in coarse powder, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. Make a tincture by displacement, filter, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. U. S. Ph, Dose, from ten to twenty grains, three or four times a-day. 
Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, sixteen ounces. Liquorice root, bruised, Guaiacum wood, rasped, Sassafras bark, sliced, each, two ounces. Mezereon, sliced, six drachms. Diluted alcohol, eight piuts. Digest for fourteen days, strain, express, and filter. Evaporate on a water-bath to twelve fl. ounces, add twelve ounces of sugar, and remove from fire when this is dissolved. Dose, one fl. drachm, three or four times a-day. W. Hodgson, Jr. The only difference between this and the officinal formula of the U. S. Ph., is the omission of the guaiacum wood in the latter. 
Essence of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, ten ounces. Distilled water, six pints. Macerate at a temperature of 120° for six hours and strain; repeat with same quantity of water. Mix the liquors, and evaporate in china vessels at 160°. If reduced to ten fl. ounces (or to nine fl ounces, with one fl. ounce of spirit added), one fl. drachm mixed with seven fl. drachms, is equal to the decoction of usual strength. If reduced to five fl. ounces, one fl. drachm is equal to two fl. ounces of decoction. llening.' R. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla, one pound. Sherry wine, three pints. Dissolve and filter. Half a fl. ounce to one fl. ounce, mixed with a quart of water, is equal to the decoction. Beral. 
Compound Essence op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, eight ounces. Boiling water, sufficient to exhaust the root, by successive macerations; unite the liquors, and evaporate to ten fl. ounces; strain, and add, when cool, Alcohol (.842), Tincture of guaiacum, each, half a fl. ounce. White wine, one fl. ounce. Essence of sassafras, twelve drops. Extract of liquorice, two drachms. Filter. Dose, a spoonful, morning and evening, in some convenient vehicle. Cadet. 
Syrup of Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, sliced, fifteen ounces. Boiling water, one gallon. Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to four pints, strain, and add 


415 
SARSAPARILLA 
Sugar, fifteen ounces, and evaporate to proper consistence. Ed. Ph. Dose, a tablespoonful. R. Alcoholic extract of sarsaparilla, six ounces. Water, four pints. Dissolve by means of a water-bath, strain, and add Sugar, eight pounds. Dissolve whilst hot. Beral. Each fl. ounce is equal to fifteen grains of the extract. 
Sarsaparilla Syrup for Mineral Water. R. Sarsaparilla, Liquorice root, each, finely bruised, two pounds (av.). Sugar, thirty pounds (av.). Oil of anise, ") , e . ¦ .' f each, forty " wintergreen, > ' < " sassafras, j * " cinnamon, five drops. Water, sufficient. Digest the roots in two gallons of warm water, for twelve hours; then transfer to a percolator, and pass two gallons of infusion. In this dissolve the sugar by the aid of heat, and to the syrup, when cool, add the oils, previously rubbed up with a little sugar. A. Smith. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, Liquorice root, " each, one pound. Cinnamon, " Sassafras root, " each, six ounces. Cloves, ") Aniseed, > each, two ounces. Coriander, ) Red saunders, Cochineal, each, one ounce and a half. Alcohol, two pints. Water, two gallons. Digest together for four days, strain, and make a syrup with twenty-seven pounds (av.) of sugar. A. Smith. 
Compound Syrup op Sarsaparilla. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds. Guaiacum wood, rasped, three ounces. Hundred-leaved roses, S Senna, I each, two Liquorice root, J ounces, bruised, J Oil of sassafras, Oil of anise, each, five minims. Oil of partridge-berry, three minims. Diluted alcohol, ten pints. Sugar eight pounds. 
Macerate the first .rve ingredients in the alcohol for fourteen days, express, and filler; evaporate the tincture on a water-bath, to tour pints; filter, add the sugar, and form a syrup; then, having rubbed the oils with a little of the syrup, mix well with the remainder. U. S. Ph, R. Sarsaparilla, two pounds. Bittersweet, Pipsisscwa, each, half a pound. Guaiacum, Liquorice root, each, four ounces. Sassafras, Partridge-berry-leaves, each, two ounces. Sugar, twelve pounds. Reduce the ingredients to coarse powder, macerate them in diluted alcohol, for two days, put in a displacement apparatus, and displace slowly until two gallons of liquid have passed. Evaporate on a water-bath till reduced to six pints, then add the sugar, and form a syrup. Staples. Dose, half a fl. ounce, three or four times a-day. 
Syrup of Laffecteur. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, Marsh-reed grass, each, thirty ounces. Borage flowers, eight ounces. Senna, White roses, each, two ounces. Sugar, Honey, each, six pounds. Water, eighteen pints. Boil the first two ingredients in half the water for an hour, strain off the decoction, and repeat the process with the remainder of the water, and boil two hours; towards close, add the senna, rose leaves, and borage; strain, mix th» decoctions, add the sugar and honey, and boi to the consistence of syrup. Dose, six tabla spoonfuls, early in the morning. Ellii. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, nine pounds Guaiacum wood, rasped, China root, bruised, each, six pounds Yellow Peruvian bark, bruised, three pounds Macerate for twenty-four hours in Water, one hundred and forty pints Boil down to one-third, express, and strain. Repeat twice, with same proportions of water, strain, unite the three decoctions, and add Purified molasses, thirty pounds. Evaporate to the consistence of syrup, and pom boiling, on Sassafras, rasped, five pounds Aniseed, four ounces Borage flowers, one pound and a half. Finally strain. Cadet 


416 
SASSAFRAS —SCAMMONIUM. 
One to three ounces a-day, in syphilitic and cutaneous disorders. 
Syrup op Gesnouin. R. Syrup of sarsaparilla, four pounds. u senna, three ounces. Extract of borage, five ounces. Conserve of elder berries, one ounce. Mix, with heat. Four to six spoonfuls, early in the morning, using the infusion of sarsaparilla for a drink. Foy. 
Sarsaparilla Beer. R. Sarsaparilla, bruised, two pounds. Bark of guaiacum, powdered, eight ounces. Guaiacum wood, rasped, Aniseed, Liquorice root, each, four ounces. Mezereon, bark of root, two ounces. Molasses, two pounds. Cloves, bruised, half an ounce. Boiling water, four gallons. Mix and shake, thrice a-day. Let ferment ; when fully fermented, to be taken in doses of a small tumblerful, two or three times a-day. Hancock. 
SASSAFRAS. Sassafras. Two parts of the Sassafras, Laurus sassafras (Sassafras officinale), arc officinal; the pith of the young branches and the bark of the root. Sassafras is a medium-sized tree, found in most parts of the United States, growing in woods and open places, flowering belbre the appearance of the leaves. Sex. Syst. Enneand. monog. Nat. Syst. Lauraceae. Nees, PI. Med. i. 131. Griffith, Med. Bot.551. The pith is in slender,cylindrical pieces, very spongy and light, with a mucilaginous and somewhat aromatic taste, affording a clear mucilage on the addition of water. The bark is in small fragments, of a reddish-brown color, brittle, of a fragrant odor, and a pleasant aromatic taste. It is stimulant and diaphoretic. 
Infusion op Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. Boiling water, one piut. Macerate for six hours, and strain. As a stimulating diaphoretic. Niemann. 
Compound Infusion op Sassafras Bark. R. Sassafras bark, half an ounce. Liquorice root, two drachms. Boiling water one pint. 
Infuse. One-half, morning and evening. In scrofulous complaints. Hufeland. 
Infusion of Sassafras Pith. R. Sassafras pith, one drachm. Water, one pint. Macerate for three hours, and strain. As a soothing application in ophthalmia, and as a demulcent drink in diseases of the bowels, lungs, and bladder. U. S. Ph. 
Tincture op Sassafras. R. Sassafras bark, sliced, one part. Alcohol, six parts. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Dose, one fl. drachm. Beral. 
Compound Tincture of Sassafras. R. Sassafras bark, bruised, four ounces. Sage, • two ounces. Nutmeg, bruised, one ounce. Cinnamon, bruised, half an ounce. Star anise, three drachms. Alcohol, two pints. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Wirt. Ph. As a stomachic and carminative. 
Oil of Sassafras. R. Bruised sassafras bark, at will. Water, sufficient. Distil, and collect the oil which sinks to tho bottom of the product. Guibourt. Dose, two to ten drops, as a carminative and stimulant. 
SCAMMONIUM. 
Scammony. 
This is the concrete juice of the root of Con. volvulus scammonia, a twining perennial plant, a native of Syria. It has a large, succulent root, affording a milky juice, which concretes by exposure to the air. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Convolvulacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 218. Griffith, Med. Bot. 477. The best, or virgin scammony is light, resinous when broken, friable, not effervescing with an acid, of various shades of color, from dark ash to dark olive ; forming an emulsion with water. The odor is peculiar and unpleasant, resembling old cheese; the taste is bitterish and acrid. It is an active purgative, causing pain, and usually operating with harshntess when given alone, but much milder in combination. The dose is from five to fifteen grains. 


SCAMMONIUM 
417 
Powder op Scammony and Cream 
Confection of Scammony. R. Powdered scam- 
of Tartar. R. Powdered scammony, Cream of tartar, equal parts Mix. Ed. Ph 
mony, one ounce and a half. Cloves, bruised, Powdered ginger, each, six drachms. Oil of caraway, half fl. drachm. Syrup of roses, sufficient. 
Dose, fifteen to thirty grains. 
Rub the dry ingredients into a fine powder. When the confection is to be used, add the syrup, and rub well; then the oil of caraway, and mix. Dose, twenty to forty grains. Lond. Ph. 
Powder of Scammony and Soot. 
R. Powdered scammony, one drachm. Soot, one drachm and a half. Powdered resin, two drachms. 
Dose, about half a drachm. R. Powdered scammony, " jalap, each, two drachms. u squill, one drachm and a half. 
Mix. Dose, twenty to thirty grains. Beasley. 
Compound Powder of Scammony. R. Scammony, Hard extract of jalap, each, two ounces. Ginger, half an ounce. Rub separately into fine powder, and mix. Dose, ten to twenty grains. Lond. Ph. 
" resin of jalap, half a drachm. 
Syrup of buckthorn, sufficient. Mix, and form confection. A hydragogue purgative, in dose of ten grains to a scruple. Foy. 
Extract or Resin of Scammony. R. Scammony, in fine powder, at will, Boil in successive portions of proof spirit, till the spirit ceases to dissolve anything; filter, distil off the spirit, pour off the watery solution from the resin, wash this well with boiling water, and dry in a heat not above 240°. Ed. Ph. 
Pills of Scammony. R. Powdered scammony, fifteen grains. Sugar, ten grains. Rub together, and add Oil of caraway, four minims. Make ten pills. Dose, three pills. Copland. 
Dose, five to ten grains. 
Pills of Scammony and Ox Gall. R. Powdered scammony, two drachms. Inspissated ox gall, three drachms. Extract of gentian, half an ounce. Mix, and make one hundred and sixty-two pills. Dose, four to six a--day. Cadet. 
Emulsion of Scammony. 
R. Resin of scammony, seven grains. Unskimmed milk, three fl. ounces. 
Triturate the resin (with a little of the milk, and gradually add the rest. Ed. Ph. 
The whole at a dose. 
Compound Emulsion of Scammony. R. Scammony, seven grains. Sugar, two drachms. 
Compound Pills of Scammony. 
R. Powdered scammony, Extract of henbane, Powdered gamboge, Compound extract of colocynth, Soap, each, twelve grains. Water, sufficient 
Triturate, and add gradually 
New milk, 
three fl. ounces. 
Cherry-laurel water, three or four drops. Take as a dose. Planche 
Beat into mass, and form twelve pills. Dose, two to three. Guy's Hosp. 
R. Scammony, twenty-four grains. Aloes, Gamboge, each, twelve grains. Ginger, one scruple. Molasses, sufficient. 
Scammony Mixture. 
R. Resin of scammony, twelve grains. Spirit of rosemary, one fl. drachm Orange-flower water, Syrup of peachflowers, each, one fl. ounce 
i 
Rub together, and divide into twelve pills. 
St. Barfs Hosp. 
Mix. 
Cadet. 
27 


418 
SCILLA 
Scammony Oil. 
R. Powdered scammony, one scruple. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
Rub well together. Dose, half an ounce. Van Mons. 
Elixir op Scammony. 
R. Scammony, two drachms. Proof spirit, eight fl. ounces. 
Heat, and then set fire to the spirit, and add 
Sugar, four ounces. When it is dissolved, extinguish the flame, and add 
Syrup of violets, two fl. ounces. Filter. It will give ten ounces, containing twelve grains of scammony to the ounce. Guibourt. 
Soap of Scammony. 
R. Scammony, one drachm. Soap, two drachms. Alcohol (.874), two fl. ounces. 
Dissolve by means of a water-bath. Guibourt. 
Purgative Pastilles. 
R. Scammony, six grains. Tincture of senna, forty drops. Carbonate of magnesia, five scruples. White sugar, eight scruples. Powdered liquorice, eight grains. Gum tragacanth, five grains. Oil of aniseed, one drop. Syrup Of violets, sufficient 
to make eight pastilles. These are known as Pastilles de Sante, and are useful in cases of acid eructation and flatulence. One or two, taken early in the morning, act as a laxative ; by repeating the dose every quarter of an hour, full purgation ensues. Delvincourt. 
Purgative Chocolate. 
R. Chocolate, five drachms. Scammony resin, six grains. Calomel, one and a half grains. Sugar, half a drachm. 
Triturate the scammony and sugar together in a mortar; then add the calomel, and, when thoroughly mixed, add the chocolate, previously softened by the heat of a water-bath. Make into forms. To be taken dry, and followed by some bland liquid. Mialhe. 
SCILLA. 
Squill 
Is the bulb of Scilla maritima, a perennial plant growing near the sea-coast of the countries bordering on the Mediterranean. The 
bulb is large, pyrifc-rm, and tumcated; there are two varieties, the red and the white, but identical in their medical qualities. * Sex. Syst. Hexand. monog. Nat. Syst. Liliacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 442. Griffith, Med. Bot. 652. The bulb is sliced and dried for use; in this state it is in white, or yellowish-white, semitransparent pieces, which are flexible when moist, but brittle when dry; of a mucilaginous, bitter taste, but scarcely any odor. Squill is expectorant, diuretic, and in large doses emetic, and even purgative. Dose, as a diuretic or expectorant, one grain two or three times a-day; as an emetic, six to twelve grains. 
Powder of Squill and Nitre. R. Powdered squill, six grains. " nitre, one drachm. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, three times a-day, in sugar and water. As a diuretic. EUis, 
Powder of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered squill, twelve grains. " ipecacuanha, twenty-four grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every two hours, in chronic catarrh. Foy. 
Powder of Squill and Cream op Tartar. 
R. Powdered squill, one drachm. Cream of tartar, nine drachms. 
Mix. Twenty to thirty grains, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic. Guy's Hosp. 
Powder of Squill and Sulphur. R. Powdered squill, one part. Sulphur, two parts. Powdered sugar, three parts. 
Mix. Dose, from five to twenty grains, according to age, in catarrhs. Guibourt. 
Powder of Squill and Calomel. 
R. Powdered squill, three grains. Calomel, Powdered gamboge, each, half a grain. Mix. To be taken in the evening. As a diuretic. A. Cooper. 
Compound Powder op Squill. R. Powdered squill, 
" foxglove, each, one grain. Oil of juniper, two drops. Rorate of soda, Powdered liquorice, each, one scruple. Powdered cinnamon, two grains. 


SCILLA 
419 
Mix. To be repeated, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic. Radius. 
R. Powdered squill, " foxglove, each, two grains. Resin of jalap, six grains. Acetate of potassa, thirty grains. Sulphate of soda, two drachms. 
Mix. To be taken early in the morning-, as a purgative and diuretic. Bories. 
Pills of Squill and Calomel. R. Calomel, 
Powdered squill, each, twelve grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Mix, and form twelve pills. One, night and morning. In dropsy, arising from visceral derangement. EUis. 
Pills of Squill and Ammoniac. R. Powdered squill, thirty grains. Ammoniac, one drachm and a half. Extract of hemlock, thirty grains. Mix, and form thirty pills; two,twice a-day. In asthma and chronic catarrh. EUis. 
Pills of Squill and Ckoton Oil. R. Compound pills of squill, two scruples. " extract of colocynth, two scruples. Croton oil, six minims. Mix, and form eighteen pills. Three, twice a-week, in dropsy. Selwyn. 
Pills of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered squill, half an ounce. " ipecacuanha, two drachms. Extract of opium, fifteen grains. Butter of cocoa, one ounce. 
Syrup of gum, sufficient. Beat together, and make pills of four grains. One, three times a-day, as an expectorant. Cadet. R. Powdered squill, twelve grains. " ipecacuanha, twelve grains. Extract of dandelion, three scruples. Blue pill, ten grains. Simple syrup, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty-four pills. Two, to be taken morning and evening, in dropsy. Ainslie. 
Pills of Squill and Henbane. R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Extract of henbane, two scruples. Myrrh, one drachm and a half. Water, sufficient. Beat together, and make thirty pills. Two, morning and evening, as an expectorant. Paris. 
Compound Pills op Squill. 
R. Calomel, three grains. Fresh squill, Ammoniac, each, one scruple. Dover's powder, half a drachm. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
Make mass, and divide into thirty pills. One, three or four times a-day. In troublesome catarrh. Latham. 
R. Powdered squill, half a drachm. Calomel, twenty-four grains. Tartar emetic, six grains. Powdered opium, eighteen grains. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat together, and make twenty-four pills. One at night, in catarrh. EUis. 
R. Powdered squill, one drachm. " " ammoniac, each, two drachms. Soap, three drachms. Syrup, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and form one hundred and twenty pills. U. S. Ph. Five to ten grains, three or four times a-day, as a stimulant expectorant. 
R. Powdered squill, fifteen grains. " ammoniac, one drachm and a half. 
" seneka, two drachms. Golden sulph. of antimony, half a drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Diuretic. Berends. 
R. Powdered squill, twenty-four grains. Calomel, sixteen grains. Soap, one drachm and a half. Galbanum, two drachms. Extract of dandelion, three drachms and a half. 
Essence of orange, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Three or four a-day, as purgative and diuretic. Pideret, 
Compound Syrup of Squill. R. Bruised squill, 
" seneka, each, four ounces Tartar emetic, forty-eight grains. "Water, four pints Sugar, three pounds and a half 
Pour the water on the squill and seneka, boil to one-half, strain, and add the sugar; evaporate to three pints, and, whilst hot, add the tartar emetic. T J. S. Ph, 


420 
SCILLA. 
R. Squill, Seneka, in coarse powder, each, four ounces. Tartar emetic, forty-eight grains. \ Alcohol, half a pint. Water, sufficient. Sugar, three pounds and a half. 
Mix the alcohol with two pints and a half of the water, and macerate the squill and seneka in the mixture for twenty-four hours. Put the whole into a displacement apparatus, and add as much water as may be necessary to obtain three pints of filtered liquor. Boil this for a few minutes, evaporate to one-half, and strain; then add the sugar, and evaporate to three pints ; lastly, dissolve the tartar emetic in the syrup, whilst hot. U. S. Ph. 
Known as Coxe's Hive Syrup. Dose, as an expectorant, twenty to thirty drops, for adults; for children, five to ten drops; in croup, ten drops to a fl. drachm, repeated till vomiting is produced. 
R. Extract of seneka and squill, one pound. Clarified honey, at 160°, six pounds. Mix, and add 
Tartar emetic, sixteen grains to each sixteen fl. ounces of the syrup. J. H. Ecky. R. Oxymel of squill, 
one fl. ounce and a half. Syrup of ipecacuanha, " poppies, each, two fl. ounces. " orange-flowers, half an ounce. 
Mix. Dose, half to one fl. ounce in hoopingcough. Cadet. 
Wine of Squill 
R. Squill, one ounce. 
White wine, sixteen fl. ounces. Macerate for twelve days, express, and filter. Par. Cod. 
Compound Wine of Squill. R. Bruised squill, one ounce. " orange-peel, u calamus, each, three drachms. " juniper berries, two drachms. White wine, four pints. Macerate for three days, express, filter, and add Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Mix. R. Dried squill, bruised,") , Rhubarb, C eacn > Juniper berries, j onedrachm - Cinnamon, three drachms. Zedoary, two drachms. 
Carbonate of 
potassa, one drachm and a half. White wine, two pints. 
Macerate, express, and filter. Dose, two to four small wineglassfuls a-day, as a diuretic. Taddei. 
Bitter Wine or Squill. 
R. Squill, Boot of swallow- 
wort, each, half an ounce. Peruvian bark, Canella, Lemon-peel, each, two ounces. Angelica, half an ounce. Wormwood, Balm, each, one ounce. Juniper berries, 
Mace, each, half an ounce. White wine, eight pints. 
Digest by a gentle heat, for four days, express, and filter. As a diuretic, in doses of one to three fl. ounces. Cottereau. 
Tincture of Squill. 
R. Squill, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter It may also be prepared by percolation. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, as diuretic or expectorant, twenty to forty drops. 
Alkaline Tincture of Squill. R. Squill, two ounces. Solution of potassa, two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Macerate for three days, express, and filter. Van Mans. 
Tincture of Squill and Elaterium. R. Tincture of squill, 
Vinegar of colchichicum, each, two fl. drachms. Spirit of nitric ether, one fl. ounce. Elaterium, one grain. 
Mix. Dose, fifteen minims to one fl. drachm. St. Bart.'s Hosp. 
Compound Tincture of Squill and Benzoin. 
R. Squill, Orris root, Elecampane, each, three ounce*,. Benzoin, two drachms. Liquorice root, 
Aniseed, Myrrh, each, 
four scruples. 


421 
SCILLA 
two scruples, eighteen grains. 
Ammoniac, Saffron, Diluted alcohol, 
one pint, six fl. ounces. 
Macerate for fifteen days, express, and filter. Celebrated as WedeVs elixir. Dose, forty to sixty drops, in catarrh, asthma, &c. Cadet, 
Ethereal Tincture of Squill. 
R. Squill, one ounce and a half. Muriatic ether, Spirit of juniper, each, half a pound. Water, sufficient. 
Distil one pound. Dose, ten to twenty drops, in water, as a diuretic. Augustin. 
R. Bruised squill, four ounces Spirit of nitric ether, two pints 
Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, half a fl. drachm, as an expectorant and diuretic. Mettauer. 
Mixture of Syrup of Squill, &c. R. Syrup of squill, half fl. ounce. Paregoric elixir, two fl. drachms. Antimonial wine, one fl. drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. Distilled water, three fl. ounces. Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three hours, as an expectorant; suited to children. Ellis. 
R. Syrup of squill, Peppermint water, each, two fl. ounces. Paregoric elixir, Compound spirit of lavender, each, half fl. ounce Syrup, one fl. ounce Mix. A spoonful, three or four times a-day A valuable expectorant. Christison. 
Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Valerian. 
R. Powdered valerian, two drachms Oxymel of squill, one fl. ounce. Laudanum, twenty drops. Water, one fl. ounce 
Mix. A teaspoonful, every hour, after an emetic, in croup. Kimbel. 
Mixture of Extract of Squill and Rhubarb. 
R. Extract of squill, sixteen grains Liquid acetate of potassa, half an ounce 
Parsley water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of rhubarb, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a diuretic. Radius. 
Mixture op Oxymel op Squill and Ammoniac. 
R. Oxymel of squill, six fl. drachms. Ammoniac, one drachm. Extract of elecam- 
pane, twenty-four grains. Syrup of hyssop, six fl. drachms. Hyssop water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, as an expectorant. Foy. 
Mixture of Vinegar of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, one fl. drachm. Barley water, five fl. ounces. Syrup of saffron, one fl. ounce. Mix. A tablespoonful, three or four times a-day, in troublesome cough. Ainslie. 
Mixture of Vinegar of Squill and Ammonia. 
R. Vinegar of squill, two fl. drachms. Solution of acetate of ammonia, Compound spirit of horseradish, each, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Diluted pimento water, four fl. ounces and a half. 
Mix. Dose, two fl. ounces, three times a-day. As a diuretic. St. Barfs Hosp. 
Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Ipecacuanha. R. Ipecacuanha, one drachm and a half. Lemon peel, two drachms. Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. Boil, strain, and add Oxymel of squill, half a fl. ounce. Mix well; as an expectorant. Cadet. 
Mixture of Oxymel of Squill and Marsh Mallow. 
R. Oxymel of squill, Syrup of marsh mallow, Mucilage of gum Arabic, ecjual parts. 
Mix. As an expectorant; in spoonful doses. Foy. 
Emulsion with Squill. R. Oil of almonds, 
Mucilage of gum Arabic, each, one fl. ounce. Wine of squill, eight fl. scruples. " ipecacuanha, four fl. scruples Syrup of tolu, two fl. ounces. Water of hyssop, four fl. ounces. Water, eight fl. ounces. 
Make an emulsion. Beral. 


422 
SCOPARIUS. 
Ointment of Squill. R. Squill, three ounces. Solution of potassa, sufficient. Reduce to mucilage by boiling, and add Lard, sufficient to form an ointment. As a friction to indolent tumors. Hufeland. 
Extract of Squill. 
R. Squill, one pound. Proof spirit, four pints. 
Macerate for some days, express, strain and filter; digest the residue with two pints of spirit, express, strain, and filter. Distil off the spirit, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, one to three grains. Par, Cad. 
Acetic Extract of Squill. R. Bruised squill, one pound. Acetic acid, three fl. ounces. Distilled water, one pint. Mix; digest with a gentle heat for forty-eight hours, express by strong pressure, and evaporate, without straining, to the proper consistence. Dose, half a grain. Niblett. 
Electuary of Squill^ R. Oxymel of squill, two fl. ounces. Cream of tartar, three ounces. Mix. Dose, two drachms. Beasley. R. Powder of squill and nitre, Ammoniac, Tartrate of potassa, each, two drachms. Muriate of ammonia, one scruple. Syrup of cinnamon, sufficient. Mix. Dose, two drachms, three times a-day, in dropsy. Radius. 
Vinegar of Squill. 
R. Bruised squill, four ounces. Diluted acetic acid, two pints. 
Macerate the squill with the diluted acetic acid in a close glass vessel for seven days; express, let settle, and pour off the clear liquid. U. S. Ph. 
Diuretic and expectorant. Dose, thirty minims to a fl. drachm. 
Oxymel of Squill. (Sp. Gr. 1.32). R. Vinegar of squill, two pints. Clarified honey, one pint and a half. 
Mix, and evaporate by water-bath to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
Syrup of Squill. R. Vinegar of squill, one pint Sugar, two pounds. Mix, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. As expectorant. Dose, about a fl. drachm. 
Aromatic Syrup of Squill. 
R. Vinegar of squill, half a pound. Syrup of cinnamon, " ginger, each, one pound. Mix. As a stimulating expectorant. 
Swediaur. 
SCOPARIUS. 
Broom. 
This is the fresh tops of the Cytisus scoparius, a shrub, native of many parts of Europe, and cultivated in this country, with numerous, bright yellow flowers. Sex. Syst. Diadclph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaceaj. 
Link. enum. ii. 241. Griffith, Med. Bot. 233. The officinal portion is the tops of the branches, but the seeds are also used. The branches have a bitter, nauseous taste, and a strong, peculiar odor. It is a diuretic and cathartic, and even emetic, and has been advantageously used in dropsy. 
Infusion of Broom. R. Broom tops, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Digest for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Lond. Ph., 1836. Dose, two to four fl. ounces three times a-day. 
Decoction of Broom. R. Broom tops, Juniper tops, each, half, an ounce. Cream of tartar, two drachms and a half. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Ed. Ph. 
Compound Decoction of Broom. 
R. Broom tops, Juniper berries, Dandelion root, each, half an ounce. Water, one piut and a half. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, same as infusion. 
Extract of Broom R. Tops of broom, 
at will 


423 
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA —SENEGA. 
Boil, in eight times their weight of water, down to one-half; express, let settle, and strain. Evaporate by vapor-bath to proper consistence. V Dub. Ph., 1826. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. 
Conserve of Broom. R. Broom flowers, one part. Sugar, two parts. Rub together. Dose, a drachm to two drachms, in gout, rheumatism, &c. Van Mons. 
SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. 
FlGWORT. 
A semi-aquatic plant, native of many parts of Europe, flowering in July. Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Scrophulariaceio. Linn. Sp. PI. 863. Griffith, Med. Bot. 518. The leaves are the part used; they have a rank, unpleasant odor, and a bitter, disagreeable taste. They have been used as a tonic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, but are principally used as an external discutieut application. 
Ointment of Figwort. 
R. Fresh leaves of figwort, Prepared lard, each, two pounds. " suet, one pound. Boil till the leaves are crisp, express, and strain. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
As an application to piles, painful swellings, and cutaneous eruptions. 
Oil of Figwort. R. Leaves of figwort, three parts. Olive oil, one part. Infuse, express, and strain. Used as above. Van Mons. 
SENEGA. 
Seneka. 
The officinal name for the root of Polygala senega, a native, perennial plant, found in most parts of the United States, on hill sides and in dry woods, flowering from June to August. Sex. Syst. Diadelph. octand. Nat. Syst. Polygalacece. Linn. Sp. PI. 990. Griffith, Med. Bot. 225. The root is contorted, knotted, tapering, branched with a ridge or carina. It has a liiick, resinous, greyish-yellow, cortical layer, which is the active portion. It has a peculiar,-*>ut unpleasant odor; and a mucilaginous, sweetish taste, which becomes acrid and irritating. Its action is very various, being emetic, sudorific, diuretic, and expectorant, and even emme- 
nagoguc and purgative. It is principally used as a stimulating expectorant and diuretic. The dose, in powder, is from ten to twenty grains; but it is seldom given in this form. 
Compound Powder of Seneka. R. Powdered seneka, half an ounce Cream of tartar, six drachms. Magnesia, two drachms. Mix. A teaspoonful, twice a-day, in pannus of the eye. Radius. 
Pills of Seneka. R. Powdered seneka, six drachms. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. Mix, and make pills of two or three grains. Six to twelve, three times a-day, in hypopyon and pannus. Radius. 
Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka, ten drachms. Boiling water, (Imp.), one pint. Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Ed. Ph. Dose, one to three fl. ounces. 
Compound Infusion of Seneka. R. Seneka, two drachms. Boiling water, six fl. ouuees. Infuse, strain, and add Syrup of tolu, one fl. ounce. Ammoniac, half a drachm. Mix well. A tablcspoonlul, every two hours. In catarrh. Ellis. 
Decoction of Seneka. R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce. Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to one pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, a tablespoonful, every three hours. R. Seneka, bruised, one ounce. Liquorice root, half an ounce. Distilled water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, a tablespoonful, in pectoral diseases. Ellis. R. Bruised seneka, one ounce. Orange peel, half an ounce. Water, one piut. Simmer by a slow fire, till reduced one-third ; add orange peel; cover till cold, then strain- Four fl. ounces during the day, at first, and then increase, as an emmenagogue. Chapman 
Syrup op Seneka. R. Bruised seneka, four ounces. Water, one pint. Sugar, one pound. 


424 
SENNA 
Boil the seneka with the wat.r, to one-half; strain, add the sugar, and form syrup. U. S. Ph. 
R. Coarsely-powdered seneka, four ounces. 
Alcohol, half a pint. Water, one pint and a half. Sugar, fifteen ounces. 
Mix the alcohol and water, pour half a pint of the liquid on the seneka, macerate for twelve hours, transfer to a percolator, pour on the remaining liquid, evaporate the resulting tincture to half a pint, add the sugar, and form a syrup. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in pectoral complaints. 
Emulsion with Seneka 
R. Bruised seneka, half an ounce. Water, nine fl ouuees. 
Boil down one-third, strain, and add Camphor, one scruple. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Compound tincture of ammonia, two fl. drachms. 
A tablespoonful, every two hours, as a stimulating expectorant. Phoebus. 
Pectoral Jelly with Seneka. 
R. Bruised seneka, two drachms. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Boil down to nine fl. ounces, strain, and add 
Isinglass, sufficient. Syrup of orange flowers, one ounce. 
Form a jelly. A tablespoonful, occasionally. Radius. 
Mixture with Seneka. 
R. Seneka, bruised, two drachms. Water, sufficient 
to obtain eight fl. ounces of strained decoction; add 
Camphor, one drachm. Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally. Brera. 
R. Infusion of seneka, four fl. ounces. Syrup of ipecacuanha, one fl. ounce. Oxymel of squill, three fl. drachms. Tartar emetic, one grain and a half. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every quarter of an hour, till vomiting is produced. In croup. Jadelot. 
R. Bruised seneka, one drachm and a half. 
Boiling water, sufficient to obtain four fl. ounces of the strained decoction; add 
Antimonial wine, two fl. scruples. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. 
A small spoonful, occasionally, in the second stage of croup, as an expectorant. Wendi. 
Extract or Seneka and Squill. R. Seneka, 
Squill, each, in coarse powder, 
two pounds. Diluted alcohol, sufficient 
to cover; transfer to a displacement apparatus pass the alcohol through till nearly tasteless; strain, distil off spirit, and evaporate to four pounds. 
R. Extract of seneka and squill, 
one pound. Honey, six pounds. 
Mix at temperature of 160° F., and add sixteen grains of tartar emetic to every pint of the syrup. 
This is proposed as a substitute for Coze's Hive-Syrup. The dose is the same as that of the officinal preparation. J. H. Ecky. 
Polygalic Acid. 
R. Seneka, in powder, sixteen ounces. Alcohol (35° B.), six pints. Ether, sufficient. 
Purified animal charcoal, two ounces. Boil the seneka in four pints of the alcohol for fifteen minutes; suffer it to cool, then throw the whole on a displacement filter, and when the liquid ceases to pass, add more alcohol, until six pints of tincture are obtained. Distil off the alcohol till of a syrupy consistence, wash this with ether, to remove fatty matter, and throw the residue into several times its bulk of of concentrated alcohol. After standing for twenty-four hours, the polygalic acid will be precipitated as a light brown powder, which is to be collected on a filter, washed with cold, strong alcohol, and dried. It may be rendered more pure by boiling it with alcohol and the animal charcoal, filtering and collecting the powder. W. Pr octer, Jr. 
Syrup of Polygalic Acid. 
R. Polygalic acid, eight grains. Boiling water, half a fl. ounce. Syrup of gum Arabic, one fi. ounce and a half. 
Dissolve and mix. 
Dose, a teaspoonful. W. Procter, Jr. 
SENNA. 
Senna. 
Under this name is included the leaves of several species of Cassia, as C. acutifolia, C. elongata, C. obovata, <5fc, forming what are termed 


425 
SENNA 
Alexandria, Tripoli, India, and Mecca sennas. They arc all perennial plants, growing in Africa and Asia. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabacca?. 
Christison, Dispen. 858. Griffith, Med. Bot. 254. 
The leaves only are officinal in the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeias, but the pods are recognized by several of the European authorities. The leaves have a faint, but unpleasant odor, and a somewhat bitter, very nauseous taste. Senna is an active purgative, usually causing nausea and colic when given alone. It is seldom administered in substance; the dose is from half a drachm to two drachms. 
Compound Powder of Senna. R. Powdered senna, Cream of tartar, each, two ounces. Powdered scammony, half an ounce. " ginger, two drachms. Mix. Dose, a scruple to a drachm. Lond. Ph., 1788. 
Powder of Senna and Guaiacum. % R. Powdered senna, " guaiacum, equal parts. Mix. Dose, two teaspoonfuls, twice or thrice a-day. In jaundice. Augustin. 
Alcoholic Extract of Senna. R. Senna, one part. Alcohol, five parts. Heat slowly on a water-bath, to boiling point, and let cool; after twenty-four hours, express and strain; repeat process with same quantity of alcohol, unite the tinctures, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate. Guibourt. 
Pills of Senna. 
R. Powdered senna, one drachm. Extract of dandelion, sufficient. 
Mix, and make thirty pills. Dose, five to eight. Hufeland. 
Confection of Senna. [Lenitive Electuary.] 
R. Senna, eight ounces. Coriander, four ounces. 
Liquorice root, bruised, three ounces. Figs, one pound. Pulp of prunes, " tamarinds, " purging cassia, each, half a pound. Sugar, two pounds and a half. Water, four pints. 
Rub the senna and coriander together, and separate ten ounces with a sieve. Boil the residue with the figs and liquorice root in the water, to one-half, express, and strain. Evaporate by a water-bath to a pint and a half, add the sugar and form a syrup; then rub the pulps with the syrup, add the sifted powder, and mix well. U. S. Ph. 
A good laxative. Dose, about two drachms, taken at bedtime. 
Compound Confection of Senna. R. Confection of senna, two ounces. Powdered jalap, one drachm. Cream of tartar, two drachms. Powdered ginger, one drachm and a half. Syrup, sufficient. Mix. Dose, one drachm. Beasley. 
Electuary of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, " senna, each, two drachms. " fennel, three drachms. " liquorice, half an ounce. Pulp of purging cassia, tamarinds, each, two ounces. Syrup of male fern, sufficient. Mix. Dose, two drachms to half an ounce. Van Mons. 
Electuary of Senna and Cream of Tartar. 
R. Powdered senna, three drachms. Cream of tartar, one drachm. Manna, three ounces and a half. Pulp of purging cassia, " tamarinds, each, one ounce and a half. Syrup of violets, sufficient. Mix. Dose, about two drachms. Van Mons. 
Electuary of Senna and Pigs. R. Powdered senna, half an ounce. Pulp of figs, sufficient. Make an electuary. A piece the size of a hazel nut, night and morning, to obviate costiveness. Ellin. 
Electuary of Senna and Sulphur. R. Powdered senna, 
Sulphur, Cream of tartar, each, one ounce. Manna, six ounces. Pulp of tamarinds, eight ounces. Syrup of senna, sufficient;. 
Mix. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. Dose, two to three drachms. Swediaui 


426 
SENNA 
Compound Wine op Senna. 
R. Senna, one ounce. 
Rhubarb, six drachms. Cloves, Saffron, each, one drachm. Sherry wine, two pints. 
Macerate for five days, often agitating, and decant. As a tonic purgative. Dose, about two fl. ounces. Pierquin. R. Senna, four ouuees. Coriander, 
Fennel, each, two drachms. Sherry wine, two pints and a half. 
Digest for three days ; add 
Stoned raisins, three ounces. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and strain. Swcd. Ph. 
Compound Tincture of Senna. R. Senna, three ounces and a half. Caraway, bruised, three drachms and a half. 
Cardamom, bruised, one drachm. Stoned raisins, five ounces. Proof spirit, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. This is the old Elixir Salutis. Lond. Ph. 
A warm, stomachic purgative, in atonic gout, &c, in doses of two fl. drachms to a fl. ounce. 
Tincture of Senna and Jalap. R. Senna, three ounces. Jalap, in powder, one ounce. 
Coriander, bruised, Caraway, bruised, each, half an ounce. Cardamom, bruised, two drachms. Sugar, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, three pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Similar to the last; used fn same cases, and in like doses. 
Tincture of Senna and Gentian. R. Senna, four ounces. Gentian, bruised, Orange peel, bruised, each, 
one ounce. 
Proof spirit, sixty-four ounces. Infuse for some days, often stirring, express, and filter. Swediaur. 
Infusion of Senna. 
R. Senna, 
one ounce. 
Coriander, bruised, one drachm. 
one pint. 
Boiling water, 
Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. V. S. Ph. 
Dose, about four fl. ounces. 
Compound Infusion of Senna. R. Senna, half an ounce. 
Sulphate of magnesia, Manna, each, one ounce. 
Fennel seed, one drachm. Boiling water, half a pint. 
Macerate in a covered vessel till cool, and strain. Dose, one-third, every four or five hours, till it operates. Woud. 
Black Draught. 
R. Senna, 
Mint, each, ten drachms. 
Boiling water, two pints. Macerate for an hour, strain, and add 
Sulphate of magnesia, eight ounces. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Gui/s Hosp. 
Infusion of Senna and Tamarinds. R. Senna, one drachm. 
Tamarinds, one ounce. 
Coriander, bruised, one drachm. Brown sugar, half an ounce. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. Infuse for four hours in a covered vessel, and strain. Dose, two to four fl. ounces. Ed. Ph. 
Infusion of Senna and Coffee. R. Senna, two drachms. Roasted coffee, one drachm. Boiling water, Hot milk, each,' three fl.' ounces. Infuse for twelve hours, and strain. To be taken at once, in the morning. Foy. 
R. Senna, ten grains. Hot infusion of coffee, " milk, each, at will. Mix, and, when cool, strain, and add 
Sugar, suflicient. An agreeable purge for children. The amount of senna to be increased according to the age. Guersant and Blake. R. Senna, 
Sulphate of magnesia, Coffee, roasted and ground, each, half an ounce. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. 
Digest for half an hour, strain, and add Sugar, one and a half ounces. 
As efficient as the " black draught," but much 
more agreeable. 
Combes. 


427 
SENNA 
R. Coffee, roasted and ground, * Senna, each, one ounce. 
Boiling water, half a pint. Make an infusion, and evaporate to one ounce, and add 
Simple syrup, three fl. ounces. Mix. Combes. 
Infusion of Senna and Buckthorn. R. Senna, two drachms. 
two drachms. 
Sulphate of soda, half an ounce. Boiling water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. ounce. 
Infuse, cool, and strain. Ellis. 
Infusion with Tincture of Senna. R. Infusion of senna, six fl. drachms. Tincture of senna, two fl. drachms. 
Manna, two drachms. Spearmint water, 
Distilled water, each, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Mix. One-half at a dose; to be repeated, if it does not operate. Abernethy. 
Anthelmintic Emulsion. 
R. Infusion of senna, ten fl. drachms. Syrup of buckthorn, one fl. drachm. Confection of scammony, two scruples. Copaiba, thirty minims. Spirit of turpeutine, six fl. drachms. 
Mix, and make an emulsion. Very efficient as an anthelmintic; to be taken early in the morning. Med. Chirur. Rev. 
Senna Mixture. 
R. Infusion of senna, one fl. ounce. Tincture of jalap, one fl. drachm. Sulphate of magnesia, four drachms. Syrup of ginger, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. As a purgative draught. Ainslie. 
Infusion of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Senna, six drachms. Manna, one ounce. 
Bruised rhubarb, " cardamom, each, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse for one hour, and strain. Half a teacupful every hour, till it operates. Ellis. 
Infusion of Senna and Lemon Juice. R. Senna, one ounce and a half. Fresh lemon-peel, one ounce. 
Lemon juice, one fl. ounce. Boiling water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Infuse for two hours, and strain. 
Lond. Ph., 1746. 
Syrup of Senna. 
R. Senna, two ounces. 
Fennel-seed, bruised, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Sugar, fifteen ouuees. 
Digest the senna and fennel seed in the water, with a gentle heat, for an hour; strain, add the sugar, and form a syrup. U. S. Ph 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, to children. 
Fluid Extract of Senna. 
R. Senna, one pound. Alcohol, four pints. Boiling water, eight pints. Sugar, ten ounces. Oil of fennel, four drops. 
Pour the boiling water on the senna in a covered vessel, and set aside until cold ; add the alcohol, and macerate for twelve days; strain with pressure, decant, filter, and distil off the alcohol; evaporate on a water-bath, to twelve fl. ounces, to which add the sugar, and dissolve by a gentle heat; when cold, add the oil of fennel, and mix. 
C. Ellis, 1835. Dose, two fl. drachms. 
R. Senna, well 
bruised, sixteen ounces (Troy). Diluted alcohol, sufficient. Oil of caraway, Oil of anise, each, sixteen drops. Sugar, twelve ounces. 
Macerate the senna in two pints of the diluted alcohol for twenty-four hours; displace slowly with the same menstruum until four pints pass. Evaporate this on a water-bath to ten fl. ounces, and add the sugar; when this is dissolved, remove from the fire, and add the oils, dissolved in diluted alcohol. 
Duhamel, modified by Procter. R. Senna, in coarse 
powder, two pounds and a half. Sugar, twenty ounces. Oil of fennel, one fl. drachm. Compound spirit of ether, two fl. drachms. Diluted alcohol, four pints. 
Mix the senna with the diluted alcohol, and macerate for twenty-four hours; introduce into a a percolator, and pour in a mixture of two parts of water and one part of alcohol, until one gallon and a half shall have passed. Evaporate this on a water-bath, to twenty fl. ounces, filter, add the sugar, dissolve, and then add the compound spirit of ether, holding the oil of fennel in solution. U, S. Ph. 
Dose, half a fl. ounce. 


428 
SERPENTARIA 
R. Senna, fifteen pounds. Boiling water, sufficient. 
Exhaust the senna by process of displacement, evaporate the fluid in vacuo, to ten pounds, and add ten pounds of molasses, previously boiled to a candy; add further, twenty-four fl. ounces of rectified spirit, and water sufficient to make fifteen pints. Duncan. 
Dose, two drachms. 
Syrup of Senna and Rhubarb. R. Syrup of senna, four fl. ounces. " rhubarb, two fl. ounces. 
" cinnamon, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Van Mons. 
Syrup op Senna and Cider. R. Cider, four pounds. Senna, four ounces and a half. Digest for a night, express, and strain, then add Sugar, three pounds. Clarify, and form a syrup. Sard. Ph. 
SERPENTARIA. 
Virginia Snakeroot. 
Virginia snakeroot is furnished by several species of Aristolochia, as the A. serpentaria, A. hirsuta, and A. reticulata, all natives of the United States, especially the western portions. Sex. Syst. Gynand. hexand. Nat. Syst. Aristolochiaccre. 
Willd. Sp. PI. iv. 159. Griffith, Med. Bot. 529. 
The root, which is the officinal portion, is very similar in all the above-mentioned species. It is in tufts of slender, long, matted fibres, attached to a knotty, rugged head. These fibres are brittle, of a yellowish or brownish color, with an aromatic odor, and a pungent, bitter, camphorated taste. It is a stimulating tonic, and may also act as a diaphoretic, and diuretic. The dose of the powder is from ten to thirty grains. 
Compound Pills of Virginia Snakeroot. 
R. Powdered Virginia snakeroot, twenty-four grains. Camphor, forty-eight grains. Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make eighteen pills; to be taken during the apyrexia, in malignant intermittents. Foy. 
Electuary of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Powdered Virginia snakeroot, " contrayerva, each, one 
drachm. 
Aromatic confection, one drachm. Preserved ginger, six drachms. Syrup of parsley, sufficient. 
Make electuary. Half a drachm, every four hours, as a febrifuge. Cadet. 
Fluid Extract of Virginia Snakeroot. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, Sugar, each, in powder, eight ounces Water, 
Alcohol, each, sufficient. Macerate the snakeroot for a day or two in a pint of alcohol, introduce into a percolator, and add diluted alcohol until four pints of tincture pass. Evaporate the tincture to twelve fl. ounces, dissolve the sugar in it, and strain through flannel. 
Dose, half a fl. drachm, equivalent to fifteen grains of the root. J. C. Savery. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, bruised, twelve ounces. Water, Alcohol, each, sufficient. Mix the snakeroot with twelve fl. ounces of alcohol, macerate for twenty-four hours, transfer to a percolator, and add alcohol until a pint and a half of tincture pass. Evaporate spontaneously to six fl. ounces. 
Displace the root with water until three pints of infusion have passed; evaporate on a waterbath to six fl. ounces. Finally, mix the tincture and infusion, and filter. 
Each fl. ounce represents one ounce of the root. A. B. Taylor. 
Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Virginia snakeroot, half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. ounces, every two hours, in low forms of fever. 
Compound Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, Contrayerva, each, five drachms. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours, strain, and add Tincture of Virginia snakeroot, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful Beasley. 
Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot. R. Virginia snakeroot, 
bruised, three ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, 
two pinjs. 


SESAMUM— SIMARUBA. 
429 
Micerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. U. S. Ph. 
Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. 
R. Comp. infus. of Virginia snakeroot, twelve fl. ounces. Tincture of allspice, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Four spoonfuls, every six hours, in retrocedent and atonic exanthemata. Saunders. 
Acetated Mixture of Virginia Snakeroot and Allspice. 
R. Add vinegar, two fl. ounces, to sixteen fl. ounces of last-mentioned mixture. 
Dose, as above, in petechial typhus. Swediaur. 
Infusion of Virginia Snakeroot and Ether. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. Boiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Infuse, and strain; when cold, add 
Sulphuric ether, two fl. drachms. A tablespoonful, every hour. Richter. 
Wine of Virginia Snakeroot and Vanilla. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. Vanilla, two drachms. Sherry wine, one pint. 
Macerate for four hours, and add to the strained liquid, 
Camphor, half a drachm. Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. 
Dose, two spoonfuls an hour, in low states of the system. Vogt. 
Tincture of Virginia Snakeroot and Ralsam of Peru. 
R. Virginia snakeroot, six drachms. Proof spirit, five fl. ounces. Water, suflicient 
to obtain six fl. ounces of strained fluid; after one hour of infusion, add 
Camphor, half a drachm. Balsam of Peru, one drachm. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Make an emulsion, and add 
Acetic ether, one fl. drachm. A spoonful, every hour, in cases requiring sti- 
Phasbus. 
i nidation. 
SESAMUM. 
Benne. 
Two species of Scsamum, the S. orientals, and the S. Indicum, afford leaves and seeds that are recognized as officinal. They are both natives of Asia, and are cultivated in the West Indies and in the southern parts of the United States. 
Sex. Syst. Didyn. angios. Nat. Syst. Pedaliaccce. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 883, 884. Griffith, Med. Bot. 515. 
The seeds are small, inodorous, and afford a bland oil, which may be used for all the purposes of olive oil. The leaves abound in a gummy substance which forms, with water, a rich, bland mucilage, useful in all cases requiring the use of demulcents. 
Infusion of Benne. 
R. Fresh leaves of benne, a handful. Cool water, one pint. 
Infuse till a mucilage is formed. When dried leaves are used, the water should be hot. 
Wood. 
Oil of Benne. 
This is obtained from the seeds by expression It is inodorous, of a sweet, bland taste, and keeps well without becoming rancid. It is used as an application to promote softness ot the skin. Redwood 
SIMARUBA. 
SlMARUBA. 
This is the bark of the root of Simaruha officinalis, a large tree, native of Jamaica, and several parts of South America. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Simarubacete. 
De Cand. Prod. i. 733. Griffith, Med. Bot. 198. 
The bark is in long pieces, much rolled or quilled. It is fibrous, tough ; of a greyish color externally, and yellowish within. It is inodorous, but extremely bitter. It has the properties of the pure bitters, but is apt to act on the stomach and bowels. 
Infusion of Simaruba. R. Simaruba bark, bruised, three drachms 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. Ed. Ph. 
Dose, two fl. ounces. 
Compound Infusion of Simaruba. R. Simaruba, 
Wormwood, each, two drachms. 
Boiling water, 
one pint. 


430 
SINAPIS. 
Infuse for fifteen minutes ; strain, and add 
Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. To be taken in wineglassful doses. Foy. 
SINAPIS. Mustard. 
The seeds of two species of Sinapis are used in medicine, those of S. nigra and «S. alba, both annual plants indigenous to many parts of Europe, and cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Tetradyn. siliq. Nat. Syst. Brassieacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 933. Griffith, Med. Bot. 133. Black mustard seeds are small, globular, of a deep brown color, having a peculiar smell when bruised, which becomes pungent on the flour being mixed with water ; their taste is bitterish and pungent. White mustard seeds are larger, of a yellowish color, and less pungent. These seeds act as a laxative; when in the state of flour, they operate as an emetic, and when applied to the skin as a rubefacient, or even vesicant. 
Cataplasm of Mustard. 
R. Boiling water, ten fl. ounces. Flaxseed meal, Flour of mustard, each, two ounces and a half. Mix the powders, and gradually add the water, stirring till a cataplasm is formed. Lond. Ph. 
R. Flour of mustard, two ounces. Crumb of bread, four .ounces. Common salt, half an ounce. Vinegar, sufficient. 
Mix. Ammon. Used as rubefacients and revulsives. 
Compound Cataplasm of Mustard. 
R. Flour of mustard, eight ounces. Powdered white pepper, " ginger, each, one drachm. Oxymel, sufficient. Mix. Foy. 
Foy. 
R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. 
Yeast, one ounce and a half. Muriate of ammonia, one drachm. Rue, half an ounce. 
Vinegar, sufficient. 
Mix. Span. Ph. 
Used as above, 
R. Flour of mustard, four ounces. Hot water, sufficient. 
Mix. As a rubefacient. Ellis. 
Mustard Gargle. 
R. Flour of mustard, one drachm. Water of angelica, a hyssop, each, six fl. ounces. Spirit of horseradish, half a fl. ounce. " muriate of ammonia, four fl. scruples. Honey of roses, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Spielmann. 
Mustard Foot Bath. R. Flour of mustard, foui Hot water, oni 
four ounces, one gallon. 
Beral. 
Mix. 
Mustard Whey. 
R. Milk, one pint. Water, two pounds. Bruised mustard-seed, one ounce and a half. 
Boil till curdled, and strain. Beasley. 
R. Milk, one pint. Bruised mustard seed, one ounce. 
Boil till curdled, and strain, then add 
Sherry wine, 
six fl. ounces. 
A draught every hour or two, in low states of the system. Ellis 
Mustard Ointment. 
R. Flour of mustard, three ounces Oil of almonds, half a fl. ounce Lemon juice, sufficient 
Mix. In sun-burn, &c Frank 
Compound Mustard Ointment. R. Resin ointment, one oun 
one ounce 
Soap, half an ounce 
Camphor, two scruples. Flour of mustard, one scruple. 
Mix. Ferriar. 
Lotion of Mustard. 
R. Flour of mustard, one ounce. 
Express the oil, and add to the mass Oil of turpentine, eight ounces. 
Macerate for three days, express, and strain. As a friction in paralysis. Niemann. 
Fixed Oil of Mustard. 
A fixed oil is obtained in Philadelphia from mustard, by subjecting- the bruised seed to powerful expression in an hydraulic press. This oil is used as a substitute for sweet oil, for dressing salad, &c. 


SODIUM —SODII CHLORIDUM. 
431 
( 
Volatile Oil op Black Mustard. R. Bruised black mustard seed, twenty pounds. Cold water, sufficient to cover. Distil, and separate the oil. Magendie. 
A very active rubefacient. 
Tincture of Oil of Mustard. R. Volatile oil of mustard, twelve parts. Alcohol, two hundred and fifty parts. Dissolve. A good rubefacient. Soubeiran. 
Liniment of Mustard. 
R. Lard, 
Oil of almonds, each, twelve ounces. Yellow wax, four ounces. 
Melt by a gentle heat, pour into a heated mortar, and when cooling, add 
Oil of lavender, three ounces. Carbonate of ammonia, half an ounce. Tincture of mustard, two fl. ounces. Camphor, one ounce. 
Triturate the ammonia with the oil of lavender; dissolve the camphor in the tincture, and add both to the melted mass, incorporating well. As an application to chilblains. Beral. 
SODIUM. Sodium. 
SODII BROMIDUM 
Bromide of Sodium. R. Solution of bromide of iron, at will. 
" carbonate of soda, sufficient 
to precipitate; filter, and evaporate. Magendie. 
Ointment of Bromide of Sodium. R. Rromide of sodium, thirty-four grains. Lard, one ounce. Mix. As an application to obstinate cutaneous eruptions. Magendie. 
SODII CHLORIDUM. 
Sodje Murias. Common Salt. Powder of Common Salt and Cochineal. 
R. Powdered common salt, three drachms. " cochineal, fifteen grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. Anthelmintic. One every morning, following the last dose hy some purgative. Rush. 
Compound Saline Powder. 
R. Common salt, Sulphate of magnesia, each, four ounces. 
Sulphate of potassa, three ouuees. Dry the salts separately, and pulverize; rub them well together, and keep in well-closed vessels. Ed. Ph. 
As a laxative, in doses oftwo or three drachms, in a half pint of carbonic acid water, early in the morning. 
Bath of Common Salt and Gelatine. 
R. Common salt, one pound. Water, four pints. 
Pour the solution in a bath, and add 
Flanders glue, ' two pounds; 
dissolved in 
six pints. 
Water, 
Recommended in scrofulous affections. Poy. 
Fomentation of Common Salt. 
R. Common salt, two ounces. 
Water, six fl. ounces. 
Vinegar, Brandy, each, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a fomentation to bruises. Vogt. 
Clyster with Common Salt. R. Common salt, one ou 
one ounce. 
Barley water, half a pint. Add to the solution 
Olive oil, one fl. ounce. Mix. Mid. Hosp 
R. Common salt, one to two ounces. Tepid flaxseed infusion, one pint, 
Dissolve, and add 
Castor, or olive oil, Molasses, each, two fl. ounces. 
One-half to be used at a time; the remainder in half an hour afterwards, if needed. Ellis. 
Clyster of Common Salt and Arnica. 
R. Common salt, one ounce. 
Infusion of arnica, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. Said to be useful in apoplexy and para* lysis. Foy 


432 
SODII SULPHURETUM—SODA. 
Mixture of Common Salt and Lemon Juice. 
R. Lemon juice, at will. 
Common salt, sufficient 
to saturate; filter. A tablespoonful every hour, in apyrexia of intermittents. Bories. 
Ointment of Common Salt. 
R. Common salt, one drachm. Water, sufficient to dissolve. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub together till smooth. The strength to be gradually increased from one drachm of the salt to four. To inflamed eyelids. Tavignot. 
Compound Ointment of Common Salt. 
R. Common salt, one ounce and a half. Water, sufficient to dissolve. Simple cerate, three ounces. Rose-water ointment, one ounce. 
Rub together. In tinea capitis, as a friction, morning and evening. St. Marie. 
R. Common salt, two drachms. Nut oil, one drachm. Ox gall, one ounce and a half. 
Digest together for thirty-six hours, and triturate well. As a friction to scrofulous tumors. 
Roncalli. 
SODII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Sodium. 
R. Sulphur, two hundred parts. Carbonate of potassa, dried, two hundred and sixty-seven parts. Mix; heat in a matrass till melted ; on cooling, detach, and keep in a well-closed vessel. Cottereau. 
Rath with Sulphuret of Sodium. R. Sulphuret of sodium, ten ounces. Solution of common 
salt and gelatine, (see page 431,) four fl. ounces. 
Mix with the water of the bath, at the moment the patient enters it. In chronic cutaneous affections. Cadet. 
Mixture of Sulphuret of Sodium and Sal Ammoniac. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium, one drachm. Muriate of ammonia, fifty grains. 
Dissolve each in six ounces of water, mix the nolutions, after having filtered them. As a 
Van Mons. 
lotion in itch, &c. 
Lotion with Sulphuret of Sodium. 1$. Sulphuret of sodium, three ounces. Soap, one ounce and a half. Dissolve in 
Alcohol, one pint. Add to the solution 
Lime water, eight pints. 
In tinea capitis; the head to be washed with it every day, without removing the hair. 
Liniment of Sulphuret of Sodium. R. Sulphuret of 
sodium, four parts and a half. Sulphur, Oil of almonds, each, one part and a half. Lard, six parts and a half. 
Rub the powders with the lard, and gradually add the oil. As a lotion in chronic cutaneous diseases. Van Mons. 
Ointment of Sulphuret of Sodium. R. Sulphuret of sodium, three drachms. Lard, one ounce and a half. 
Rub well together. As an application in itch. Swediaur. 
SODA. 
Caustic Soda. R. Solution of soda, at will. 
Evaporate in a silver capsule, till it will solidify, on cooling ; pour into moulds. Guibourt. 
Solution of Soda. 
R. Crystallized carbonate of soda, twenty-five parts. Quicklime, six parts. 
Boil with a sufficient quantity of water; strain, and evaporate, till it marks 36° of the areometer. Guibourt. 
R. Carbonate of soda, thirty-one ounces. Lime, nine ounces. 
Boiling water, (Imp.) one gallon. 
Dissolve the carbonate in half a gallon of the water; sprinkle a little water on the lime in an earthen vessel, and when it is slaked, add the remainder of the water. Mix the two solutions, and shake them frequently until cold. Allow the carbonate of lime to subside; pour off the supernatant liquid, (which should have the sp. gr. 1.061,) and keep in well-stopped green-glass 
bottles. 
Lond. Ph. 


433 
SODiE ACETAS — BORAS. 
* 
ACETAS 
Acetate of Soda. 
R. Carbonate of soda, at will. Distilled vinegar, sufficient 
to saturate; cvaporatetosp.gr. 1.276, and set aside to crystallize. Dub. Ph., 1826. 
At the present time, the acetate of soda is chiefly prepared by the manufacturer of crude pyroligneous acid, in the process of obtaining the officinal acetic acid. 
Diuretic or cathartic, according to dose, which varies from one scruple to four drachms. 
Compound Pills of Acetate of Soda. 
R. Acetate of soda, five drachms. Camphor, Nitrate of potassa, each, two drachms. 
Conserve of elder berries, sufficient. Mix, and make one hundred and twenty pills. Dose, two, morning and evening, to check the secretion of milk. Bories. 
R. Acetate of soda, Powdered rhubarb, Inspissated ox gall, each, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, half a drachm. 
Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, ten to fifteen, twice a-day, as a laxative. Augustin. 
SOBJE ARSENIAS. 
Arseniate of Soda. 
R. White arsenic, one hundred parts Nitrate of 
soda, one hundred and sixteen parts 
Pulverize, and introduce into a luted retort; heat in a revcrberatory furnace, break the retort, dissolve the salt in water, add carbonate of soda, till the solution is neutral, or slightly alkaline; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. In intermittents, and some diseases of the skin. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. Par. Cod. 
Solution of Arseniate of Soda. (Heinecke's Solution.) 
R. Arseniate of soda, six grains. Peppermint water, two fl. ounces and a half. Add to the solution 
Wine of cinnamon, half a fl. ounce. Laudanum, one fl. drachm 
Dose, forty to fifty drops, four times a-day. 
Heinecke. 
28 
Pearson's Solution. 
R. Crystallized arseniate of soda, 
one grain. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Dose, twenty drops. Pearson. 
SODJE BORAS. 
Borax. 
Borax is found native in several parts of Europe, and in Peru. But the chief supplies of it are obtained from the shores of certain lakes in Persia and Thibet. 
It is a mild diuretic. The dose is about thirty grains. 
Compound Powder of Borax. 
R. Powdered borax, one drachm. " saffron, ten grains. Oil of cinnamon, two drops. 
Mix, for two doses. As an emmenagogue. Wedel. 
R. Powdered borax, half an ounce. " castor, " saffron, each, 
one drachm and a half. 
Oil of cinnamon, eight drops. " amber, six. drops. Mix, and form a powder. Dose, from a scruple to half a drachm, to facilitate parturition, expel placenta, &c. . Wirt. Ph. 
Lozenges of Rorax. 
R. Powdered borax, two drachms. " sugar, half an ounce. Mucilage, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty lozenges. One, occa. sionally, in aphthous sore mouth. Phoebus. 
COLLUTORY OF BORAX. 
R. Borax, Water, 
two drachms. 
Tincture of myrrh, each, one fl. ounce. Honey of roses, two ounces. 
Mix. Swediaur. 
R. Borax, three drachms. 
Mucilage of quince seeds, eight fl. ounces. Honey of roses, two ounces. 
Mix. Bahi. 
R. Borax, three drachms. 
Infusion of roses, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Honey of roses, two ounces. 
Mix. 
Pringts. 


434 
SODiE CARBONAS 
i 
COLLYRTUM OP BORAX. 
Ointment op Borax. 
R. Borax, Laudanum, 
one drachm. 
R. Powdered borax, fifteen grains. Fresh butter, two drachms. 
half fl. drachm, four fl. ounces. 
Rose water, Mix. 
Rub together. Applied to scaly eruptions. Radius. 
R. Powdered borax, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
R. Rorax, Sugar, Rose water, 
half a drachm. 
one drachm, two fl. ounces. 
Rub together. An excellent application to painful hemorrhoidal tumors, and to cracked nipples. Fereira. R. Powdered borax, two drachms. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Mix. 
Richard. 
Gargle op Borax. 
R. Borax, two drachms. 
Mix. For chilblains. Cadet. 
Oxymel, half fl. ounce. 
Water, eleven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Beasley. 
R. Borax, one drachm. 
CARBONAS 
Tincture of myrrh, half fl. ounce. Clarified honey, one fl. ounce. 
Carbonate op Soda. 
Dried Carbonate op Soda. 
Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
R. Carbonate of soda, at will. Heat in a clean iron vessel, till perfectly dried, stirring constantly; rub into powder. U. S. Ph. 
Mix. EUis. 
In aphthous sore mouth, ptyalism, &c. 
Lotion op Borax. 
Dose, three to ten grains. 
R. Borax, half a drachm. Orange-flower water, Rose water, each, half fl. ounce. 
Solution of Carbonate of Soda. R. Carbonate of soda, 
Dissolve. In pruritus. Cadet. 
one ounce and a half. 
R. Borax, half an ounce. Sulphate of morphia, six grains. Rose water, • eight fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, (Imp.) one pint. Dissolve. The sp. gr. is 1.026. Dub. Ph. 
Dose, half a fl. ounce to one ounce diluted, two or three times a-day, as antacid, &c. 
Mix. Used as a lotion in pruritus vulvas. C. D. Meigs. 
Diuretic Solution with Carbonate of Soda. 
Honey of Borax. 
R. Powdered borax, % one drachm. Clarified honey, one ounce. 
R. Carbonate of soda, three drachms. Nitre, one drachm and a half. Honey, one ounce and a half. Decoction of couchgrass, three pints. Mix. A glassful every hour, in dropsy. Cadet. 
Mix. Dub. Ph. In aphtha. , 
Vinegar of Borax 
R. Distilled vinegar, two fl. ounces, Borax, one drachm. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and Ipecacuanha. 
Dissolve. As lotion to ringworm of the scalp. Christison. 
R. Carbonate of soda, twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, twenty drops. Laudanum, four drops. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Mixture op Borax. 
R. Borax, two drachms. Chamomile water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of orange peel, half fl. ounce. Liquid succinate of ammonia, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, every two or three hours, in hooping-cough of children. EUis. 
Mixture op Carbonate of Soda and Chamomile. 
Wine of opium, half a fl. drachm. Mix. As an emmenagogue, and to facilitate parturition. Dose, two spoonfuls, every half boor. Swediaur. 
R. Carbonate of soda, one drachm. Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. 
Fricke. 


435 
SODjE CARBONAS. 
Syrup of gentian, one fl. ounce. Tincture of Peruvian bark, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A spoonful, occasionally, in scrofula. Foy. 
Pills of Soda and Rhubarb. R. Powdered rhubarb, 
Dried carbonate of soda, Extract of gentian, each, one scruple. Calomel, three grains. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. Two, occasionally, in dyspepsia. Ellis. 
Pills of Soda and Ipecacuanha. R. Carbonate of soda, one drachm. Bitter almonds, half a drachm. Ipecacuanha, three grains. Extract of madder, twenty-four grains. Water, suflicient. Beat into mass, and form sixty pills. Three, morning' and evening, in obstinate cutaneous diseases. Foy. 
Carbonate of Soda Pills. 
R. Extract of chamomile, one drachm. Powdered rhubarb, one scruple. Carbonate of soda, half a drachm. Oil of caraway, ten minims. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills, two to be taken thrice a-day, in dyspepsia Ainslie. 
Pills of Carbonate of Soda. R. Dried carbonate of soda, one drachm. Soap, two scruples. Water, suflicient. Beat together, and make thirty pills. Three, thrice a-day. In calculous affections. Ellis. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and Quassia. 
R. Carbonate of soda, two drachms and a half. 
Rasped quassia, one drachm and a half. 
Boiling water, one pint. Infuse for one hour, and strain. Two to four spoonfuls a-day, in dyspepsia. Augustin. 
Mixture of Carbonate of Soda and Gentian. 
R. Carbonate of soda, four scruples. Compound infusion of gentian, 
three fl. ounces. 
Cinnamon water, three fl. ounces. Tincture of cardamom, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, in acidity and flatulence. EUis. 
Lotion op Carbonate op Soda. R. Saturated solution of carbonate 
of soda, one ounce. 
Warm water, two pints. Mix. As a lotion in pruritus. Radius. 
Injection of Carbonate of Soda. R. Carbonate of soda, one drachm. Soap, two ounces. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Advised as an injection, in cases of uric acid calculi. Bories. 
Powder of Carbonate of Soda and Rhubarb. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda, one ounce. Rhubarb, four drachms. Ginger, one scruple. 
Mix. In cardialgia, and dyspepsia. Beasley. Dose, ten to twenty grains. 
Powder of Carbonate of Soda and Mercury. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda, five drachms. Calomel, one drachm. Compound chalk powder, ten drachms. 
Mix. Dose, eight to sixteen grains. Guy's Hosp. 
Ointment of Carbonate of Soda. R. Carbonate of soda, two drachms. Wine of opium, one fl. drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. In cutaneous affections attended with 
pain. Soubeiran. R. Carbonate of soda, 
Sulphuret of sodium, each, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. In tinea capitis, having removed the crusts. Alibert. 
R. Impure carbonate of soda, three drachms. 
Slaked lime, two drachms. Lard, two ounces. 
Mix. As the last. Cadet. 
R. Carbonate of soda, two drachms. Slaked lime, one drachm. Opium, two grains. Lard, two ounces. 
Mix. In prurigo. 
Biea. 


436 
BICARBONAS — SODjE CHLORAS. 
SODiE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. 
R. Crystallized carbonate of soda, at will. Saturate in a proper apparatus, with carbonic acid gas. U. S. Ph. 
R. Carbonate of soda, . one part. Water, two parts. 
Dissolve, and pass a current of carbonic acid through the solution; let crystallize. Cottereau. 
Effervescing Solution of Soda. R. Bicarbonate of soda, one drachm. Water, one pint. Dissolve, and saturate it with carbonic acid. Keep in a well-closed vessel. Lond. Ph. 
Emulsion with Bicarbonate of Soda. 
R. Ricarbonate of soda, sixteen grains. Nitre, four grains. Syrup of marsh mallow, " violets, each, one fl. ounce. Lettuce water, two fl. ounces. Emulsion of almonds, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix. In nephritic complaints. Beral. 
Effervescing Powders of Soda. R. Bicarbonate of soda, 
one ounce, fifty-four grains. Tartaric acid, one ounce. 
Powder each, separately, and divide each into sixteen powders, and preserve in papers of different colors. Ed. Ph. 
Known under the name of Soda powders. 
R. Ricarbonate of soda, twenty-six grains. Powdered ginger, five grains. White sugar, two drachms, Essence of lemon, one drop, 
Mix, and put in a white paper. 
R. Tartaric acid, half a drachm. Put in a blue paper. When used, dissolve the contents of each paper in four fl. ounces of water, mix the solutions, and drink in a state of effervescence. 
Known as the Ginger beer powders. Pereira. 
Powder of Ricarbonate of Soda and Magnesia. 
R. Magnesia, half an ounce. Bicarbonate of soda, Powdered ginger, each, one scruple. 
Mix. A small teaspoonful, occasionally. Ellis, 
Anti-EmetiC Mixture. R. Bicarbonate of 
soda, one drachm and a half. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Oil of spearmint, four drops. White sugar, two drachms. Carbonic acid water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, to calm the stomach, or prevent vomiting. Dewees. 
Lozenges of Bicarbonate of Soda. R. Bicarbonate of soda, one ounce. 
Powdered gum Arabic, half an ounce. " sugar, three ounces. Mucilage, sufficient. 
Beat together, and form lozenges. Ed. Ph. Antacid and antilithic. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, two ounces. Sugar, thirty-four ounces. Oil of peppermint, eighteen drops Mucilage, thirty-six drachms 
Mix, and make lozenges of eighteen grains. Magendie. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, four parts. Sugar, sixty parts. Chocolate eight parts. Mucilage, nine parts. 
Make lozenges of eighteen grains. Beral. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, four drachms. Sugar, ten ounces. Balsam of tolu, one drachm. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient 
Make lozenges of twenty grains. Cadet. 
Mixture of Bicarbonate of Soda and Copaiba. 
R. Bicarbonate of soda, one drachm. Almond emulsion, four fl. ounces. Copaiba, two fl. drachms. Laudanum, sixty drops. Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in acute pain in the bladder. Ellis. 
SODiE CHLORAS 
Chlorate of Soda. 
R. Tartaric acid, five ounces. Boiling water, two pints. 
Dissolve, and add 
Carbonate of soda, forty-five drachms and a half. 


437 
SODA CHLORINATA — HYPOSULPHIS. 
Also, dissolve 
Chlorate of potassa, four ounces and fifteen grains. Boiling water, sixteen fi. ounces. 
Mix the solutions whilst boiling, filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Hamb. Fh. 
Lotion of Chlorate of Soda. R. Chlorate of soda, two drachms. Water, four fl. ounces. 
In pruritus. Darling. 
Gargle of Chlorate of Soda. R. Chlorate of soda, 
one to three scruples. Barley water, three ounces. Honey of roses, one ounce. 
Mix. Radius. 
SODA CHLORINATA. 
Chlorinated Soda. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda, 
nineteen parts. 
Water, • one part. Mix and place in a suitable vessel, and pass in chlorine gas to saturation. Christison. 
This article is more generally used in the liquid state, prepared in the following manner: 
Solution of Chlorinated Soda. R. Chlorinated lime, one pound. Carbonate of soda, two pounds. Water, one gallon and a half. Dissolve the carbonate of soda in three pints of the water, with the aid of heat. Add to the remainder of the water the chlorinated lime, in powder, in small portions at a time. Set aside for some hours, to settle; decant clear solution, and add that of the carbonate of soda ; decant, and strain through linen, and keep in opaque bottles. U.S. Ph. 
R. Carbonate of soda, one part. Water, ten parts. 
Dissolve, and pass a current of chlorine through the solution. Guibourt. This is known as Labarraque's Disinfecting Solution ; it is chiefly employed as a disinfectant, but is also used internally, in doses of thirty drops to one fl. drachm, in low fevers, &c. 
Diluted Solution of Chlorinated Soda. 
R. Solution of chlorinated soda, half a fl. drachm. 
Distilled water, four fl. ounces. To be taken in spoonful doses, in the apyrexia of intermittents. Gouzee. 
R. Solution of chlorinated soda, one part. Water, twelve to sixteen parts. 
As a lotion to foul and cancerous ulcers. Foy. 
Cargle of Chlorinated Soda. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, one fl. drachm. 
Hydromel, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. 
Mix. Beral. 
Injection of Chlorinated Soda. R. Solution of chlorinated soda, one fl. ounce. 
Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Mix. Used as a vaginal injection in fetid discharges from malignant diseases- Fereira. 
Cataplasm of Chlorinated Soda. R. Boiling water, six fl. ounces- Flaxseed meal, four ounces and a half. Solution of chlorinated soda, two fl. ounces. Add the meal gradually to the water, constantly stirring; then mix in the chlorinated soda. Applied to foul and sloughing ulcers. Lond. Ph. 
HYPOSULPHIS. Hyposulphite of Soda. 
R. Carbonate of soda, eight ounces. Distilled water, one pint. 
Dissolve, and mix with the solution 
Sulphur, 
one ounce. 
Then pass an excess of sulphurous acid gas into the liquid; boil for a few minutes in a matrass; filter, evaporate to one-third, and set aside to crystallize. Par. Cod. 
Used in diseases of the skin, in doses of ten grains to one drachm. 
R. Carbonate of soda, seven hundred and thirty parts. Sulphur, forty-five parts. Water, fifteen hundred parts. Mix the sulphur with a small portion of the water, and add the soda, dissolved in the rest. Introduce into two two-necked bottles, so as to fill them about two-thirds. 
R. Clean iron filings, fifteen hundred parts. Sulphuric acid (1.84), three thousand parts Put into a flask, let cool, place on a sand-bath, and convey the sulphurous acid gas, as it is generated, by rather large tubes, first into a 


438 
NITRAS — SODiE SULPHAS. 
washing bottle, and then through the above solution in the two-necked bottles. Continue the process for ten or twelve hours, mix the contents of the two bottles, filter, and evaporate to crystallization. Legrip. 
R. Dried carbonate of soda, in powder, one pound. Sulphur, five ounces. Mix and heat in a porcelain vessel until the sulphur melts; stirring the. mass to bring every portion in contact with the air. Dissolve the sulphate of soda, thus formed, in water; filter, boil the solution with sulphur; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Walchner. 
Principally used in daguerreotyping. 
Syrup op Hyposulphite of Soda. R. Hyposulphite of soda, one ounce. • Water, twelve fl. ounces. Sugar, twenty-three ouuees. Dissolve the salt in the water, add the sugar, and form syrup. Dose, from one to two ounces, twice a-day. * Mouchon. 
Rath of Hyposulphite of Soda. R. Hyposulphite of 
soda, one to four ounces. Water, one gallon. Dissolve, and mix with the water of a bath; adding vinegar while the patient is in the bath, to liberate the sulphurous acid and sulphur. Pereira. 
SODJE NITRAS. 
Nitrate of Soda —Cubic Nitre. 
This salt is found in immense beds in Peru, whence it is imported for the manufacture of nitric acid, chrome yellow, sulphuric acid, &c. It crystallizes in rhomboidal prisms; its taste is sharp, cooling, and bitter. It is sometimes employed by the pyrotechnist, but it is seldom used in medicine. 
SOD.E PHOSPHAS. 
Phosphate of Soda. 
R. Powdered burnt bones, ten pounds. Sulphuric acid, six pounds. 'Carbonate of soda, sufficient. 
Mix the powdered bone with the acid in an f-arthen vessel, add a gallon of «vater, and stir. Digest for three days, occasionally adding a little water, then pour in a gallon of boiling water, and strain ; adding boiling water till the liquid passes almost tasteless. Let settle, decant, and boil down to a gallon. After settling, pour 
it into an iron vessel, heat, and gradually add the carbonate of soda dissolved in hot water, as long as there is effervescence; then filter, and let crystallize. More crystals will be obtained by adding carbonate of soda in excess, and again evaporating to crystallization. Keep in a well-stopped bottle. U. S. t Ph. 
A mild purgative, in doses of four drachms to one ounce. 
R. Acid phosphate of lime, at will. Add carbonate of soda to saturation; let settle, decant, evaporate, and crystallize. Guibourt. 
Compound Powder of Phosphate of Soda. 
R. Phosphate of soda, two drachms. Carbonate of soda, one drachm. Fennel sugar, half an ounce. 
Mix. Two to three teaspoonfuls a-day, to aid digestion. Berends. 
Mixture of Phosphate of Soda. R. Phosphate of soda, half an ounce. Decoction of carrageen, six fl. ounces. Syrup of orgeat, half an ounce. 
Mix. As a purgative. Radius. R. Phosphate of soda, 
Syrup of marsh mallow, each, half an ounce. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a purgative. Augustin. 
SODiE SULPHAS. 
Sulphate of Soda. [Glauber's Salt.] Powder of Sulphate of Soda and Tartar Emetic. 
R. -Sulphate of soda, two ouuees. Tartar emetic, Opium, each, one grain. Gum Arabic, Powdered liquorice, each, one drachm. 
Mix. To be taken in water, in divided doses, during the day, as a purgative and diuretic. Swediaur. 
Powder of Sulphate op Soda and Nitre. 
R. Dried sulphate of soda, eighteen drachms. Nitre, half a drachm. Tartar emetic, one grain. Mix. One-third, as a dose, in water or broth. Beasley 


SODiE BISULPHAS —SODiE ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. 
439 
Powder of Sulphate of Soda and Opium. 
R. Sulphate of soda, four scruples. Powdered opium, two grains. 
Mix. In hemorrhages and inflammations, after bleeding. Radius. 
Compound Pills of Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda, half a drachm. Bitter almonds, one drachm. Ipecacuanha, two grains. Extract of madder, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make sixty pills. Three, morning and evening, in obstinate cutaneous affections. Foy. 
Electuary with Sulphate of Soda. R. Dried sulphate of soda, half an ounce, Pulp of tamarinds, one ounce 
Syrup of lemon juice, sufficient. Mix. Two spoonfuls every hour, till it operates, Phoebus. 
Compound Solution of Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda, fourteen drachms. Acetate of potassa, twenty-four grains. Nitre, eighteen grains. Tartar emetic, quarter of a grain. Water, two pints. Dissolve, and filter; in wineglassfuls,in habitual constipation. Soubeiran. 
Emulsion with Sulphate of Soda R. Sulphate of soda, one ounce 
one ounce 
Oil of almonds, one fl. ounce. Yolks of eggs, two, 
Syrup of manna, two fl. ounces, Fennel water, six fl. ounces, 
Mix. Dose, two spoonfuls. Phoebus. 
Lemonade with Sulphate of Soda R. Sulphate of 
soda, one ounce and a half. 
Lemon juice, half an ounce 
Sugar, three ounces 
Water, sixteen fl. ounces 
Mix. Radius. 
Clyster of Sulphate of Soda. R. Sulphate of soda, one oum 
one ounce 
Barley water, six fl. ounces Dissolve, and add 
Oil of flaxseed, two ounces. 
Swediaur. 
Lotion of Sulphate of Soda. 
R. Sulphate of soda, six ounces. Soap, three drachms. Lime water, eighteen fi. ounces. Rectified spirit, six fl. drachms 
Mix. In chronic cutaneous affections. 
Van Mons. 
Suppository of Sulphate of Soda. R. Sulphate of soda, 
Soap, each, half an ounce. Honey, sufficient. 
Mix, and make four suppositories. Phoebus. 
SOD JE BISULPHAS. 
Bisulpiiate of Soda. 
R. Dried sulphate of soda, ten parts. Sulphuric acid, seven parts. 
Heat gently in a crucible. Purgative in doses of two to six drachms. Beasley. 
Bisulpiiate of Soda and Magnesia. R. Bisulphate of soda, at will. Hot water, sufficient. 
Dissolve, add magnesia to saturation ; filter, and crystallize. Laxative and diuretic, in doses from half a drachm to two drachms, several times a-day. Van Mons. 
SODiE ET POTASSiE TARTRAS. Taiitarized Soda. Rociielle Salt. 
R. Carbonate of soda, one pound. Cream of tartar, sixteen ounces. Boiling water, five pints. 
Dissolve the carbonate of soda in the water, and add gradually the cream of tartar; filter, evaporate to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. Decant, and dry crystals on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 
Mild purgative, in doses of half an ounce to an ounce. 
Powder of Tartarized Soda and 
Rhubarb. * 
R. Tartarized soda, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, three to seven grains. 
Mix. To be taken every morning for two weens, in enlargement of the mesentery, in children. 
Fordyce. 


440 
SODjE valeri anas — spigelia. 
Seidlitz Powders. 
R. Tartarized soda, two drachms. Bicarbonate of soda, two scruples. 
Mix, and dissolve in half a tumblerful of water, Powdered tartaric 
> acid, twenty-five grains. Dissolve in the same quantity of water, as above, and mix. To be taken during effervescence. Ellis. 
Mixture of Tartarized Soda. R. Tartarized soda, half an ounce. Sulphate of potassa, two drachms. Infusion of succory, one piut. Oxymel of squill, four fl. ounces. Mix. Four spoonfuls, in the morning, with an hour's interval. In visceral obstructions. 
St. Marie, 
R. Tartarized soda, one ounce 
Extract of henbane, six graius. Syrup of chamomile, one fl. ounce Water, six fl. ounces 
Mix. A spoonful every hour, in constipation. Phoebus. 
Whey with Tartarized Soda. R. Root and leaves of dandelion, 
Fumitory, Water-cress, Chervil, each, a handful. Clarified whey, four pints 
Boil for five minutes, express, strain, and add Tartarized soda, two drachms. Honey, six drachms. 
To be taken every morning, early, in four doses, with the interval of an hour. Much praised in visceral obstructions. St. Marie. 
Clyster with Tartarized Soda. R. Tartarized soda, 
Extract of dandelion, each, five drachms 
Infusion of elder flowers, fiw fl. ounces. Dissolve. Radius. 
SODM VALERI AN AS. Valerianate of Soda. 
R. Bichromate of potassa, • in powder, (avoir.) nine ounces. Fusel oil, (I m P-) four fl. ounces. Sulphuric acid, (Imp.) six fl. ounces and a half. Water, (Lmp.) half a gallon, Solution of caustic soda, 
(Imp.) one pint. 
Dilute the sulphuric acid with ten fl. ounces of water; and dissolve the bichromate in the remainder of the water. When both solutions are cool, place them in a matrass, add the fusel oil, shake well together, until the temperature of the mixture falls to 80° or 90° F. Connect the matrass with a condenser, apply heat, and distil half a gallon. Saturate the distillate with the caustic soda, remove the oil from the surface, and evaporate until the aqueous vapor is given off. Withdraw the heat, and as the valerianate of soda concretes, divide it while warm into fragments, and keep in a well-stopped bottle. Dub. Ph. 
The valerianate of soda is not used in medicine, but it constitutes the source from which all the other valerianates are obtained by double decomposition. 
SPIGELIA. Pinkroot. 
This is the root of the Spigelia marilandica, a beautiful, herbaceous, perennial plant, a native of the southern and southwestern parts of the United States. Sex. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. LoganiaceaB. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 249. Griffith, Med. Bot. 466. The root consists of numerous small, blackish fibres, forming a dense bunch, and arising from a short rhizome. The odor is faint, and the tasta sweetish, bitter, and unpleasant. It is a safe, and tolerably certain anthelmintic, with slight purgative and narcotic properties. It is given in powder, in the dose of one to two drachms for an adult, ten to twenty grains for a child; to be repeated morning and evening, for a few days, and followed by an active purgative 
Pinkroot with Calomel. 
R. Powdered pinkroot, ten grains. Calomel, four grains. 
Mix. To be taken two mornings in succession ; and on the afternoon of the second day, followed by a purgative. For children above four years of age. Ellis. 
Pinkroot with Savine. R. Powdered pinkroot, " senna, each, two scruples. u savine, twelve grains. Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every morning, for three days, followed by a purgative. EM*. 
Infusion of Pinkroot. 
R. Pinkroot, half an ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, in a covered vessel, and 
strain. 
U. S. Ph. 


SPIRAEA 
441 
Four fl. drachms to a fl. ounce, to children; four to eight fl. ounces to adults; morning and evening, followed by a purgative. 
Compound Infusion of Pinkroot. (Worm Tea.) 
R. Pinkroot, half an ounce 
Senna, two drachms. 
Manna, one ounce. 
Savine, two scruples. Fennel seed, two drachms. 
Boiling water, one pint. 
Infuse. Dose, one tablespoonful for a child, two years old, three times a-day. Ellis. 
R. Pinkroot, ohe ounce 
Bruised rhubarb, one drachm 
Senna, two drachms 
Semen contra, one drachm 
Manna, two drachms 
Coriander, half a drachm 
Boiling water, one quart 
Infuse. A small teacupful, three times a-day. Hays, 
Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. R. Pinkroot, sixteen ounces 
Diluted alcohol, sufficient Sugar, twelve ounces 
Reduce the root to powder, macerate it in twice its weight of the diluted alcohol for twenty-four hours, then displace until four pints of tincture are obtained. Evaporate to ten fl. ounces, add the sugar, heat till dissolved. The whole should measure one pint. W. Procter. 
Compound Fluid Extract of Pinkroot. 
R. Bruised pinkroot, four ounces. Senna, three ounces. Savine, one drachm. 
Manna, 
one ounce 
Sugar, eight ounces Alcohol, half a pint. Boiling water, two pints. 
On the pinkroot, senna, and savine, pour the boiling water, and cover till cool. Then add the alcohol, and macerate for twenty-four hours; transfer to a displacement apparatus, and, having displaced, evaporate the product, at a low heat, to twelve fl. ounces, in which dissolve the manna and sugar, and evaporate to one pint. One fl. ounce contains the strength of two drachms of pinkroot and a drachm and a half of senna. Dose, for a child, a teaspoonful. T. Estlack. 
R. Pinkroot, sixteen ounces (av.). Senna, eight ounces. Powdered sugar, twenty-four ounces. Carbonate of potassa. one ounce. 
Oil of caraway, Oil of anise, each, half a drachm. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Reduce the pinkroot and senna to a coarse powder, mix them with two pints of diluted alcohol, and macerate for two days. Put in a displacer, gradually add more diluted alcohol, until five pints have passed. Evaporate this in a water-bath to twenty fl. ounces, and add the carbonate of potassa. Triturate the oils with a portion of the sugar, then with the remainder; mix with the evaporated fluid, and apply a gentle heat. The whole should measure two pints. Dose, from half a teaspoonful, to a child of one to two years of age, to a tablespoonful for an adult. W. Procter. 
Fluid Extract of Pinkroot and Senna. 
R. Pinkroot, in coarse powder, one pound. Senna, in coarse powder, six ounces. Sugar, one pound and a half. Carbonate of potassa, six drachms. Oil of caraway, " anise, each, half a fl. drachm. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Mix the pinkroot and senna with two pints of diluted alcohol, allow the mixture to stand for two days, then transfer to a percolator, and add diluted alcohol until half a gallon of tincture is obtained. Evaporate this on a water-bath, to one pint; then add the carbonate of potassa, and, after the sediment has dissolved, the sugar previously triturated with the oils. Lastly, dissolve the sugar, with a gentle heat. 
Dose, one fluidrachm for a child three years old. U. S. Ph. 
SPIR.EA. 
Hardback. 
The U. S. Pharm. indicates the root of Spiraa tomentosa as officinal; but this portion is less active than the leaves and flowers.- It is a beautiful shrub, with spikes of rose-colored flowers, and leaves of a dark-green color above, and white beneath. 
Sex. Syst. Icosand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. RosaccEe. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 701. Griffith, Med. Bot. 280. The leaves and flowers are usually sold in packages; they have an odor not unlike that of black tea, and a bitter, very astringent tasje. The Hardhack is a tonic and astringent, of considerable powers, and has the advantage of seldom being offensive to the stomach. 
Decoction of Hardhack. R. Hardhack, one < 
one ounce 
Water, one pint and a hall 


442 
SPONGIA — STANNI CHLORIDUM. 
Boil down to one pint Dose, from one to two fl. ounces. Wood. 
Extract of Hardhack. 
R. Hardhack, at will. Water, sufficient. 
Exhaust by the process of displacement, and evaporate the product by means of a water-bath to proper consistence. Dose, five grains to a scruple. Griffith. 
SPONGIA 
Sponge. 
Sponge is the horny skeletons of small polymorphous marine animals, found attached to submerged rocks in the seas of most warm climates. As found in the shops, it is in the form of a light, porous mass, of a yellowish-brown color, and very elastic, and readily imbibing fluids. 
It is used for the purpose of cleansing the surfaces of wounds and ulcers, and, in a compressed state, to form tents to dilate sinuses, &c. When burnt, or reduced to charcoal, it has been given successfully in some diseases; probably owing its efficacy to the presence of io- 
Burnt Sponge. 
R. Sponge, at will. Cut into pieces, separate any extraneous matters by beating, then burn in a closed iron vessel till it becomes black and friable, and rub into a fine powder. U. S. Ph. 
Used in goitre, glandular swellings of a scrofulous nature, &c.; in doses of one to three drachms. 
Powder of Burnt Sponge. 
R. Burnt sponge, ten grains. Powdered rhubarb, four grains. 
Mix. To be taken morning and evening. In scrofula. Hulse. 
Compound Powder of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, six drachms. Powdered cinnamon, " ginger, each, one drachm. Sulphate of potassa, two drachms. Sugar, five drachms. Mix. Greek Ph. 
Dose, a teaspoonful, three times a-day, in scrofula. 
R. Burnt sponge, four drachms. Carbonate of magnesia, Nitre, White sugar, each. two drachms. 
Rub into powder. Dose, as above. Clarus. 
Bolus of Burnt Sponge. 
R. Burnt sponge, one scruple. Sulphate of potassa, fifteen grains. Balsam of sul- 
phur (Lond. Ph.), ten drops. Syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and form two boluses. One, morning and evening, in scrofula. Cadet. 
Electuary of Burnt Sponge. R. Burnt sponge, half an out 
half an ounce. 
Syrup of orange peel, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. Two, to four spoonfuls a-day, in goitre, &.c. Radius. 
ST ANNUM. 
Tin. Powder of Tin. 
R. Tin, atwilL Melt in an iron vessel, and, while cooling, stir till reduced to powder, which is then to be sifted. U. S. Ph. 
As an anthelmintic, in' doses of half an ounce, mixed with syrup or molasses, for several mornings, followed by an active purgative. 
Electuary of Tin. 
R. Powder of tin, one ounce. 
Extract of wormwood, Powdered jalap, each, one drachm. Compound syrup of chicory, sufficient. 
Mix. To be taken in twelve doses. Foy. 
Ointment of Tin 
R. Amalgam of tin, half an ounce. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Red precipitate, two drachms. Oil of peppermint, twenty drops. 
Rub well together. Said to be useful in hemorrhoids. Brera. 
STANNI CHLORIDUM. 
Chloride of Tin 
R. Tin, at will. 
Muriatic acid, suflicient. 
Dissolve, and crystallize. Van Mons. 
Used as an antispasmodic and a vermifuge. Dose, one-eighth to one-half of a grain. • 


443 
STANNI SULPHURETUM —STILLINGIA. 
t 
STANNI SULPHURETUM. 
Sulphuret of Tin. 
R. Tin, three parts. Sulphur, . one part. 
Heat in a crucible, as long as a flame arises; then cool, and pulverize. As a vermifuge, in doses of ten to twenty grains. Van Mons. 
Compound Powder of Sulphuret of 
Tin. 
R. Sulphuret of tin, four parts. 
Powdered jalap, two parts 
Assafetida, one part. 
Mix. Twelve to twenty grains, three times a-day, as a vermifuge. Port. Ph. 
Aurum Musivum —Mosaic Gold. R. Tin, twelve parts. Melt at a low heat in an earthen crucible; add 
Mercury, six parts, and make an amalgam ; add 
Sulphur, seven parts. Sal ammoniac, six parts. 
Rub well together, introduce into a matrass, and heat moderately until sulphuretted hydrogen ceases to be given off. Wlien cold, separate and preserve the upper yellow layer of the product. Par. Cod. 
Employed under the name of bronze powder for ornamental work. It was formerly used as a vermifuge. 
STANNI OXIDUM. 
Oxide of Tin. 
R. Tin, at will. Keep it melted in an open vessel, constantly stirring till it is reduced into a grey powder, and sift. Swediaur. 
Has been recommended in tape-worm, in doses of five or six grains, several times a-day. 
STAPHISAGRIA. 
Stavesacre. 
The seeds of Delphinium staphisagria, a beautiful annual plant, with terminal racemes of blue flowers; a native of the south of Europe. Sex. Syst. Polyand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaceee. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 750. Lindley, Med. Flor. 9. The seeds are large, somewhat triangular, of a brown color, a slight but unpleasant odor, and an acrid, bitter, nauseous taste. Their active principle, delphinia, is occasionally employed. They are principally used to destroy lice in the hair, but also for other purposes. 
Decoction of Stavesacre. R. Stavesacre, one c 
one ounce. 
Water, one pint and a half. Boil down to a pint, and strain. As a lotion in itch. Swediaur. 
Vinegar op Stavesacre. R. Stavesacre, on< 
Stavesacre, one part. Vinegar, sixteen parts. 
Macerate and express. As a wash to destroy vermin in the hair. Beral. 
Ointment of Stavesacre. R. Stavesacre, two 
Stavesacre, two parts. Lard, Suet, each, three parts. 
Melt for some time, and strain. To destroy lice. Bruns. Ph. 
STATICE. 
Marsh Rosemary. 
The root of the Statice Caroliniana is occasionally employed in medicine. This little plant is indigenous in the United States, growing in salt marshes near the sea-coast. Sex. Syst. Pentand. pentagyn. Nat. Syst. Plumbaginaccae. Nuttall, Gen. i. 206. Griffith, Med. Bot 525. 
Marsh rosemary is a powerful astringent, and is much used in the New England States, in the treatment of diarrhoeas, aphthous, and ulcerative affections of the mouth and fauces, and in other cases requiring the use of astringents. Dose, ten to thirty grains. 
Decoction of Marsh Rosemary. R. Root of marsh rosemary, 
bruised, one ounce. 
Boiling water, one pint. Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain. Dose, a wineglassful. 
STILLINGIA. 
Queen's Root. 
The root of Slillingia sylvatica is the pait used. The Queen's root, or Queen's delight, as it is often termed, attains a height of two 01 three feet. It is found in the pine barrens of the Middle States. 
Sex. Syst. Monoec. monad. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiacece. Willden. Sp. PI. iv. 588. In large doses (twenty to thirty grains), it is emetic and cathartic ; in doses of three to five grains, it is an alterative. 


444 
STRAMONIUM 
Decoction op Queen's Root. R. Rruised Queen's root, one ounce. 
Roiling water, twenty fl. ounces. Boil down to a pint, and strain. Dose, one or two fl. ounces. G. B. Wood. 
STRAMONIUM 
Stramonium. 
Thorn-apple—Jamestown Weed. 
Several parts of the Datura stramonium are used in medicine, as the root, leaves, and seeds. It is an annual herbaceous plant, found in the United States, having a rank, fetid odor, and bearing large, funnel-shaped, white flowers. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 255. Griffith, Med. Bot. 490. The leaves have a fetid, narcotic odor, and a 
bitter, nauseous taste ; the odor is lost on drying, but the taste remains. The seeds are small, reniform, of a brownish-black color, inodorous, of a bitter, somewhat acrid taste. Stramonium is a powerful narcotic, and is much used in a variety of affections, both internally and externally. The dose of the powdered leaves is from two to three grains; of the seeds about a grain. 
Pills of Stramonium Seed. R. Powdered stramonium seed, ten grains. " camphor, one drachm. " savine, five scruples. Extract of seneka, four scruples. Mix, and make pills of two grains. Dose, six, three times a-day. In rheumatism. Vogt. 
Compound Stramonium Pills. R. Extract of stramonium, one drachm. Soap, two drachms. Powdered gum Arabic, one scruple. " liquorice, two scruples. Mucilage of tragacanth, sufficient. Make mass, and divide into sixty pills. One, night and morning, in asthma. Halford. 
Extract of Stramonium Seed. R. Powdered stramonium seed, one pound. Diluted alcohol, suflicient. RdD the powder with half a pint of the alcohol, then introduce into a displacement apparatus, and exhaust by means of diluted alcohol. Distil the filtered liquor, and evaporate the residue to a proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a quarter to half a grain, twice a-day, gradually increasing. 
Extract of Stramonium Leaves. R. Stramonium leaves, one pound. 
Bruise in a stone mortar, with a little water. Express, and heat the juice to the boiling' point; strain, and v evaporato«to proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one grain, twice a-day, gradually increasing till it produces its effects. 
Mixture of Extract of Stramonium Seed. 
R. Extract of stramouium 
seed, twelve grains. Antimonial wine, half a fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Ten drops, every three hours, in an infusion of balm, as an antispasmodic. Hufeland. 
Anti-rheumatic Lotion. 
R. Stramonium seed, bruised, one ounce. Alcohol, one pint. Infuse, strain, and add 
Opium, in powder, one ounce. Camphorated alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. In frictions to the diseased part. Pierquin. 
Syrup of Stramonium. 
R. Sugar, f Tincture of stramonium, 
fifteen ounces. 
two fl. ounces. 
Distilled water, seven fl. ounces. Mix, and form syrup without heat, and strain. Beral, 
R. Stramonium seed,, bruised, 
one ounce. 
Vinegar, \me pound. Infuse for two days, strain, and add 
Sugar, two pounds. Dissolve. Wirt. Ph. 
Tincture of Stramonium Seed. R. Stramonium seed, bruised, 
four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, two pints. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter.** Or by the process of displacement. U. S. Ph. Dose, from twenty to forty drops, two or three times a-day, increasing till it affects the system. 
Tincture of Stramonium Leaves. R. Filtered juice of stramonium leaves, Alcohol (-847), equal parts. Mix, and filter at the end of twenty-four hours. Beral. 


STYRAX—STRYCHNIA 
445 
Ethereal Tincture op Stramonium- R. Stramonium seed, one part. Sulphuric ether, four parts. 
Macerate for a week, and filter. Dose, two to three drops. Soubeiran. 
Wine of Stramonium. R. Stramonium seed, bruised, 
two ounces. 
Wine, eight fl. ounces. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Macerate for some days, and filter. Dose, six drops to a fl. scruple. Van Mons. 
Ointment of Stramonium. 
R. Fresh stramonium leaves, one pound. Lard, three pounds. Wax, half a pound. 
Boil the leaves in the lard till they become crisp, then strain through linen; afterwards add the wax, previously melted, and stir till cold. U.S. Ph., 1840. 
R. Extract of stramonium leaves, one drachm. 
Lard, one ounce. 
Moisten the extract with a little water, and then rub it with the lard. U. S. Ph., 1850. 
A valuable anodyne application to painful hemorrhoids, and tumors. 
Compound Ointment of Stramonium. R. Rark of the root of bitter-sweet, 
Stramonium leaves, Hemlock leaves, 
Deadly nightshade leaves, Yellow dock root, each, two ounces. 
Bruise the roots and leaves, and simmer them in spirit; then add 
Lard, one pound, and simmer gently till the leaves are crisped. Express through linen, and add 
Venice turpentine, two ounces. Stir well together. An useful application to indolent and glandular swellings. Eel. Med. Jour. 
Oil of Stramonium. 
R. Stramonium leaves, one part. Olive oil, two parts. 
Heat till all moisture is driven off, then express, and strain. Cottereau. 
STYRAX. 
Storax 
Is the concrete juice of Styrax officinale, a small tree, a native of the warm parts of Europe, Syria, &c. It is procured by making incisions in the bark. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Styra- 
cacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 635. Griffith, Med. Bot. 437. Several kinds of Storax are employed ; that in grains, in mass, in calamita, and the liquid. It has a fragrant odor, and a warm, aromatic taste. It is a stimulating expectorant. Dose, ten tc twenty grains, twice a-day. 
Purified Storax 
R. Storax, Alcohol, each, suflicient. 
Dissolve, and strain ; distil off the alcohol by a gentle heat, till the storax is of proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
U. S. Ph. 
Compound Pills of Storax. 
R. Purified storax, three drachms. Powdered opium, Saffron, each, one drachm. 
Beat together. Five grains contain one of opium. Lond. Ph. 
Syrup of Storax. 
R. Purified storax, 
three ounces. 
Alcohol, one' fl. ounce. 
Water, one pint. 
Digest for twelve hours on a water-bath, and add 
Sugar, two pounds. Orange-flower water, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. Giordano. 
STRYCHNIA. 
Strychnine—Strychnia. 
R. Nux vomica, rasped, four pounds. Powdered lime, six ounces. 
Muriatic acid, three fl. ounces. Alcohol, Diluted sulphuric acid, Solution of ammonia, Purified animal charcoal, Water, each, suflicient. 
Digest the nux vomica in two gallons of water, acidulated with a fl. ounce of muriatic acid, for twenty-four hours ; boil for two hours, express, and strain through linen. Boil residue twice successively, in the same quantity of acidulated water, and proceed as before. Mix the decoctions, and evaporate to consistence of thin syrup; add lime, previously mixed with a pint of water, and boil for ten minutes, often stirring. Pour mixture into a double linen bag, and wash well with water; press, dry, and powder the precipitate. Treat the powder re peatedly with boiling alcohol, till it loses its bitterness; mix the solutions, and distil off the alcohol in a water-bath. Mix the residue with 


446 
STRYCHNINE ACETAS. 
water, apply heat, and drop in sufficient diluted sulphuric acid to dissolve the strychnia; treat with animal charcoal at boiling temperature; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. Dissolve the crystals in water, and add solution of ammonia to precipitate the strychnia. Dry the strychnia on bibulous paper. U. S. Ph. 
R. Powdered nux vomica, nine pounds. Water, Sulphuric acid, each, suflicient. Powdered quicklime, ten ounces. Alcohol, fifteen pints. 
Mix the nux vomica with suflicient water to form a thin paste, and keep at the temperature of 70 or 80°, until gas ceases to form; express, and boil the residue in several successive portions of water, and express. Set liquid aside to deposit; decant, and evaporate to three gallons. Add nine ounces of quicklime, and after six hours' contact, express strongly; heat the liquid to the boiling point, and add a slight excess of sulphuric acid; separate the liquid by decantation, and evaporate to four pints; add one ounce of quicklime, and act as before, adding this precipitate to the former; dry, and powder; digest in five pints of alcohol diluted with five pints of. water, at a gentle heat; separate precipitate, and boil in five pints of alcohol twice ; mix, and filter solutions ; distil off fourfifths, and set aside to crystallize. Molyn. 
Very active and dangerous. Dose, one-sixteenth to one-tenth of a grain, at first, carefully watching the effects, and slowly increasing. 
Compound Powder of Strychnia. R. Strychnia, one grain. Black oxide of iron, 
Sugar, Gum Arabic, each, one drachm. 
Rub well together, and divide into twelve powders. Brera. 
Pills of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, two grains. Conserve of roses, thirty-six grains. 
Mix, and make twenty-four pills. One or two, morning and evening, in paralysis. Magendie. 
R. Strychnia, two grains. Extract of valerian, sufficient. 
Mix well, and make thirty-two pills. One, early in the morning, for five days; then one, morning and evening, in amaurosis. Furnari. 
Stimulant Pills. 
R. Strychnia, one grain. Acetic acid, one minim. 
Crumb of bread, one scruple. 
Mix thoroughly, and make ten pills. One to be taken every six hours, in the paralysis arising 
frooi lead. 
A. T. Thomson. 
Tincture op Strychnia. R. Strychnia, three 
Strychnia, three grains. Alcohol (.842), one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Dose, from six to twenty-four drops, twice a-day. Magendie. 
Mixture of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, one grain. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
White sugar, two drachms. 
Acetic acid, three drops. 
Mix. One fl. drachm contains one-sixteenth of a grain of strychnia. Beasley, 
Beasley* 
Ointment of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, sixteen grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub well together. As a friction on paralyzed parts. Sandras. 
Strychnia Collyrium. 
R. Strychnia, two grains. Diluted acetic acid, one drachm. Distilled water, one ounce. 
Mix. A few drops of this applied to the eye, several times a-day, is stated to be beneficial in amaurosis. Henderson. 
Liniment of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, thirty grains. Olive oil, one ounce and a half. 
Rub well together. Ten drops to be rubbed on the temples, in amaurosis. Neligan. 
STRYCHNINE ACETAS. Acetate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. Acetic acid, _ sufficient to dissolve ; evaporate, and crystallize. Griffith. 
Solution of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Acetate of strychnia, three grains. Alcohol, one fl. drachm. Cinnamon water, seven fl. drachms. Dissolve. Five drops twice a-day. Radius. 
R. Strychnia, one grain. Distilled vinegar, one fl. drachm. " water, nine fl. drachms. Mix. Dose, one fl. drachm; containing one- 
tenth of a grain. 
A. T. Thomson. 


447 
STRYCHNINE 10 D AS —S UCCINUM. 
Tincture of Acetate of Strychnia. R. Acetate of strych- • j _ i ii» 
nia, one grain and a half. Alcohol, half fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Five to twenty drops, twice a-day, in syphilitic pains in the bones. Fricke. 
STRYCHNIA IODAS. 
Iodate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. Iodic acid, sufficient 
to saturate; dissolve in boiling alcohol, Alter, and crystallize. Magendie. 
R. Solution of muriate of 
strychnia, at will. Solution of iodate of soda, sufficient 
to precipitate; treat as the last. Jourdan. Dose, one-eighth of a grain, in pill. One, morning and evening, gradually increasing. In paraplegia. 
STRYCHNINE MURIAS Muriate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient 
to saturate ; evaporate, and crystallize. 
Cottereau. 
Dose, one-eighth of a grain. 
STRYCHNINE NITRAS. Nitrate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. Nitric acid, suflicient 
to saturate, with the -aid of heat; filter, while hot, evaporate, and crystallize. Giordano. 
This is as active as strychnia, and is used in similar cases. Dose, one-eighth of a grain. 
Ointment of Nitrate of Strychnia. R. Nitrate of strychnia, 
one grain and a half. Lard, two drachms. 
Rub well together. Used as a friction on paralyzed parts. Wendt. 
STRYCHNINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Strychnia. 
R. Strychnia, at will. 
Sulphuric acid, sufficient 
to saturate at a gentle heat; filter, whilst hot, evaporate, and crystallize. Cottereau. 
Syrup of Sulphate of Sm/uHNiA. h\. Sulphate of strychnia, four grains. Syrup, one pint. Mix carefully. 
Each fl. ounce contains one-quarter of a grain of the sulphate. Trousseau. 
SUCCINUM. 
Amber. 
This is a solid body, of various shades of yel low; it is translucent, or opaque, and of a vitre ous fracture; brittle, tasteless, inodorous, except when heated; then exhaling a peculiar, penetrating, but rather agreeable smell. It is a resin found in a fossil state, in various parts of the world. Not much used in medicine, but extensively employed in the arts. 
Fumigating Powder. 
R. Amber, -Mastich, Juniper berries, each, four parts. Cascarilla, # one part. 
Powder, and mix. Scherf* 
Oil of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber, at will. Mix, with an equal weight of sand, in a glass retort, which is to be only half filled. Then distil on a sand-bath, gradually increasing the heat. Separate the oil from the product, and keep in well-closed bottles. U. S. Fh. 
Rectified Oil of Amber. 
R. Oil of amber, one pint. Water, six pints. 
Mix in a glass retort; distil till four pints of water, with the oil, have passed over; then separate the oil, and keep it in well stopped bottles. £7. S. PA. 
Stimulant and antispasmodic; in doses of five to fifteen drops; also used externally. 
Artificial Musk 
R. Oil of amber, 
one part. 
Add gradually 
Nitric acid, 
two parts. 
Let react for twenty-four hours, and wash in cold water. Van Mons. 
R. Strong nitric acid, three drachms and a half. Add very gradually to 
Rectified oil of amber, one drachm, in a large, glass vessel. When action has ceased, permit to rest for twenty-four hours; then remove the upper or resinous portion and 


448 
SULPHUR 
wash it well in cold and then in hot water, till all acid is removed. Williams. 
Useful in those cases in which musk is applicable. 
Tincture of Artificial Musk. R. Artificial musk, one part. Alcohol, eight parts. Dissolve with a gentle heat. 
Forty drops as an antispasmodic. Useful in doses of five or six drops, in hooping-cough in children. Van Mons. 
R. Artificial musk, two drachms. 
Alcohol, eight ounces. 
Dissolve, and filter. Dose, from twenty-five drops to a drachm, according to age. Williams. 
Emulsion of Artificial Musk. 
R. Artificial musk, twelve grains. Blanched almonds, four. 
Triturate well together, and gradually add 
Water, 
six fl. ounces. 
Dose, for a child of two years, two teaspoonfuls. Valuable in hooping-cough. Hufeland. 
Liniment of Oil of Amber. 
R. Oil of amber, two fl. drachms. " olives, half fl. ounce. Laudanum, two fl. drachms. Brandy, three fl. ounces. 
Mix. To be rubbed between the shoulders, in hooping-cough and infantile convulsions. Parrish. 
R. Oil of amber, " cloves, each, half an ounce. " olives, one ounce. 
Mix. Beasley. 
R. Oil of amber, one drachm. " nutmeg, two drachms and a half. Mix. As a friction in hysteria, and headache. Wirt. Ph. 
Tincture of Amber. 
R. Powdered amber, 
one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, sixteen ounces. Digest for six days, and filter. Par. Cod. 
Dose, forty to sixty drops. 
I — 
Ethereal Tincture of Amber. R. Oil of amber, one part. Sulphuric ether, fifteen parts. Mix. Dose, fifteen to thirty drops. Beral. 
Alkaline Tincture of Amber. R. Powdered amber, two ounces. Solution of carbonate 
of potassa, half an ounce. Diluted alcohol, eight fl. ounces. 
Digest for some days, and filter. Dose, twenty to forty drops. Spielman. 
Balsam of Amber. 
R. Essence of aniber, two fl. ounces. " myrrh, one fl. ounce. Oil of turpentine, half fl. ounce. Mix. Digest at a gentle heat. As an antispasmodic friction. Radius. R. Powdered amber, one ounce 
one ounce 
Oil of turpentine, two ounces. Digest at a gentle heat. Bate. 
Eau De Luce 
R. Oil of amber, two drachms. White soap, Balsam of Mecca, each, fifteen grains. Rectified spirit, six ounces. Macerate for eight days, and filter. To one fl drachm of this, add two fl. ounces of water of ammonia. Used in the treatment of snako bites, as an antispasmodic, &c. Redwood. 
Mixture of Oil of Amber. 
R. Rectified oil of amber, eighty drops Gum Arabic, Sugar, each, half an ounce. Tincture of tolu, two fl. drachms. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, every two or three hours, in spasmodic cough. Ellis. 
SULPHUR. 
Sulphur. 
Three officinal forms of sulphur are admitted in the U. S. Ph.; viz., Sublimed Sulphur,Washed Sulphur, and Precipitated Sulphur. 
Sublimed Sulphur. 
R. Sulphur, at will. Heat at a temperature of 500° to 600° F., in an earthen vessel, and condense the fumes in a large receiver. 
Washed Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, 
at will. 
Wash thoroughly with water, as long as any acidity is present. U. S. Ph. 


449 
SULPHUR 
Precipitated Sulphur. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, one pound. Lime, one pound and a half. Water, two gallons. Muriatic acid, sufficient. 
Slake the lime with a little water, mix it with the sulphur, add the rest of the water, boil for two or three hours, occasionally adding water, and filter. Dilute the liquid with an equal bulk of water, and add sufficient muriatic acid to precipitate the sulphur. Wash the precipitate till the washings are tasteless, and dry it. * U.S. Ph. 
Dose, one drachm. 
Powder of Sulphur and Camphor. R. Washed sulphur, 
Sugar, each, half a drachm. Camphor, six grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, every hour, in mercurial cachexy. Radius. 
Powder of Sulphur and Liquorice. R. Sulphur, one drachm. Powdered fennel seed, two drachms. " liquorice, four drachms. 
Mix. A teaspoonful occasionally, in catarrh. Phoebus. 
Powder of Sulphur and Orris Root. 
R. Washed sulphur, eight to eighteen grains. Sugar of milk, one scruple. Powdered orris root, one to three drachms. Mix, and divide into eight powders. One, every two hours, in milk, in the catarrh of children. Kopp. 
Compound Powder of Sulphur. R. Sulphur, one ouni 
one ounce. 
Powdered fennel seed, one drachm. " gum Arabic, M sugar, each, two ounces 
Mix. Dose, half a drachm to a drachm, in dysentery. Van Mons. 
R. Sulphur, half an ounce. Powdered liquorice, one ounce. " orris root, two drachms " benzoin, one scruple 
" sugar, two ounces. Oil of fennel, " anise, each, ten drops. 
.Mix. Dose, from a scruple to half a drachm. Wirt. Ph, 
29 
R. Sulphur, two drachms. Cream of tartar, six drachms. Powdered fennel seed, one drachm. u sugar, half an ounce. Mix. A spoonful two or three times a-day, as a laxative, in constipation. Radius. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, one drachm and a half. 
Brown sugar, Cream of tartar, each, two drachms. 
Mix, and make a powder. To be taken twice a-day, in itch, impetigo, or acne. Ainslie. 
Powder of Sulphur and Cream of Tartar. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Mix with molasses. A teaspoonful, four or five times a-day, to children, in cutaneous affections. Ellis. 
Powder of Sulphur and Magnesia. R. Precipitated sulphur, 
Magnesia, each, half an ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, four or five times a-day, as an aperient. Ellis. 
Powder of Sulphur and Antimony. R. Washed sulphur, two drachms. Golden sulphuret of antimony, Camphor, each, eight grains. Sugar, two scruples. 
Mix, and make a powder. Hufeland. As a diaphoretic. 
Sulphur Electuary. 
R. Sublimed sulphur, two ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Clarified honey (by weight), 
one ounce. 
Syrup of ginger, " saffron, each, half a fl. Ounce. 
Rub all the ingredients in a mortar until thoroughly mixed. Dose, two drachms, as a laxative. Dub. Ph. 
R. Washed sulphur, Cream of tartar, each, half an ounce. Simple, or lemon syrup, sufficient. 
Mix, and make electuary. To keep the bowels open in hemorrhoids of pregnant women. A teaspoonful, at night. Dewees 
R. Precipitated sulphur, one drachm and a half 
Orange marmalade, half an ounce 


450 
SULPHUR 
* 
I 
Pulp of tamarinds, two ounces. Sugar, one ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful three times a-day, in hemorrhoids. Radius. 
R. Washed sulphur, one ounce and a half. 
Confection of senna, two ounces. Nitre, one drachm. Syrup of orange peel, sufficient. 
Mix. One or two drachms, once or twice aday, in hemorrhoidal affections. Ellis. 
R. Sulphur, Burnt sponge, each, two drachms. Prepared oyster-shell, one drachm. Conserve of roses, 
two ounces and a half. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, as an in scrofulous affections. Vogt. 
Compound Electuary of Sulphur. R. Sublimed sulphur, half an ounce. Cream of tartar, one drachm and a half. 
Confection of senna, one ounce. Simple syrup, suflicient. 
Mix, and make electuary. A teaspoonful, at bedtime, for hemorrhoids. Ainslie. 
Linctus with Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. Benzoic acid, fifteen grains. Syrup of violets, one ounce and a half. Oxymel, one ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, occasionally, as an expectorant. Bories. 
Electuary of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, half an odnce. Confection of senna, 
one ounce and a half. 
Syrup, sufficient. Mix. A teaspoonful, morning and evening, in hemorrhoids. Lewis's Disp. 
Sulphur Mixture. 
R. Precipitated sulphur, two drachms. Laudanum, twenty drops. Water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. One spoonful, three times a-day, in mercurial disease. Radius. 
R, Precipitated sulphur, two drachms. Fennel water, three fl. ounces. Cinnamon water, one fl. ounce. Syrup of opium, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix A spoonfuJ every two hours, in diabetes mellitus Augustin. 
R. Washed sulphur, one scruple. Mucilage, t seven drachms. Sugar, half an ounce. 
Rose water, brie fl. drachm. 
A teaspoonful, every hour, in pectoral affections of young children. Phoebus. 
Balsam of Sulphur. 
R. Washed sulphur, two ounces. Olive oil, eight ounces. 
Heat the oil, and gradually stir in the sulphur, till it assumes the consistence of a thick bal- 
sam. Lond. Ph. 1746. 
Used as an external application to foul ulcers. 
Ethereal Balsam of Sulphur. R. Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur, Sulphuric ether, each, half a drachm. Dippel's animal oil, six drachms. Mix. In flatulent colic. Augustin. 
Terebinthinated Balsam of Sulphur. 
R. Sulphur, one part. Oil of turpentine, three parts. 
Digest together in a sand-bath, till the oil be saturated with the sulphur. Then separate the balsam from the undissolved sulphur. 
As an external application to ulcers, &c. Ed. Ph., 1722 
Ointment oe Sulphur. R. Sulphur, one pound. Lard, two pounds. Mix. U. S. Ph. As an application in itch. Compound Sulphur Ointment. R. Sulphur, one ounce. 
one ounce. 
Ammoniated mercury, Benzoic acid, each, one drachm. Oil of bergamot, Sulphuric acid, each, one fl. drachm. Nitrate of potassa, two drachms. Lard, half a pound. 
Melt the lard, add the other ingredients, and stir till cold. U. S. Ph. As an application in itch, tinea capitis, crusta lactea, &c. , 
R. Sulphur, half a pound. Powdered white helle- 
bore, two ounces. Nitrate of potassa, one drachm. Soft soap, half a pound. Lard, one pound and a half. Oil of bergamot, thirty minims. Mix. • Lond. Ph., 1836. 
Used as the last, but more irritating. 


SULPHURIS CARBURETUM 
451 
R. Sulphur, two parts Carbonate of potassa, one part. Lard, eight parts. 
Mix. In itch. Foy. 
R. Sulphur, two ounces 
Powdered muriate of 
two drachms. 
ammonia, 
Oil of mint, one drachm 
Lard, four ounces 
Mix. In cases of inveterate itch. Dewees, R. Washed sulphur, ten drachms. Carbonate of potassa, half an ounce. Cinnabar, one ounce. 
Oil of bergamot, half a fl. ounce Lard, ten ounces 
Mix. In itch. Bateman. 
Ointment of Sulphur and Camphor. R. Washed sulphur, half a drachm. Camphor, one scruple. Rose ointment, one ounce. 
Oil of roses, three drops. Mix. As an application in psorophthalmia. Allen. 
Ointment of Sulphur and Soap. R. Sulphur, one part. Soft soap, two parts. 
Mix. In itch. Radius. 
Ointment of Sulphur and Zinc. 
R. Sulphur, two ounces. 
Sulphate of zinc, Oil of bayberries, each, one ounce. Lard, six ounces. 
Mix. In tinea capitis. Sax. Ph. 
R. Sulphur, four parts. Oxide of zinc, three parts. Oil of bayberries, six parts. Lard, twelve parts. 
Mix. As last. Van Mons. 
Liniment of Sulphur and Soap. R. Soap, three ounce 
three ounces. 
Water, six ounces. 
Dissolve with a gentle heat, and add 
Sulphur, 
three ounces. 
Used as a lotion in itch. Lugol. 
Cerate of Sulphur. 
R. Sulphur, Cold cream, 
two parts, seven parts. 
Oil of almonds, Mix. 
one part. Par. Cod. 
SULPHURIS CARBURETUM, 
VEL, 
CARRONIS BI-SULPHUPETCM. 
Bl-SULPHURET OF CARSON. 
R. Sulphuret of iron, eleven parts. Charcoal, three parts. 
Mix, and introduce into a p.oip retort, fumishcC with a glass tube, dipp.ng into water. Separate the sulphuret whicn to'l&ots at the bottom of the water in the teeipient, and re-distil it from chloride of limo. Van Mons, 
R. Sulphur, at will. 
Pass the vapor slowly througn charcoal, heated to redness, in a porcelain tube, collect the product in a receiver, and purify by another distillation. Cottereau. 
This fluid is extremely volatile, and hence has been suggested as an Anaesthetic agent. But thus far, experiments with it have not shown any superiority over other and safer liquids. In fact, they rather prove the reverse. It is used internally as a sudorific in rheumatism ; dose, two to three drops. Also used externally. 
Drops of Sulphuret of Carbon. R. Sulphuret of carbon, one fl. drachm. Alcohol, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. Four to six drops, every two hours, in rheumatism. Wutzer 
Mixture of Sulphuret op Carbon. R. Sulphuret of carbon, one scruple. Cow's milk, six fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. 
Mix. A tablespoonful four times a-day, in hypertrophy of the stomach and contraction of the oesophagus. Clarus. 
Liniment of Sulphuret of Carbon. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, half an ounce. Oil of almonds, one ounce. 
Mix. As an embrocation in gouty nodes. Mansfield. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, one drachm. Camphorated oil, one ounce. 
Beasley. 
R. Camphor, two drachms. Dissolve in 
Sulphuret of carbon, half a fl. ounce And add 
one fl. ounce. 
Alcohol, 
As an embrocation in rheumatism 
Lampadius 


452 
SULPHURIS IODIDUM —TABACUM. 
R. Sulphuret of carbon, two fl. drachms. Camphorated ammon. liniment, two fl. ounces. Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. 
Wutzer. 
SULPHURIS IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Sulphur. 
R. Iodine, four ounces. Sulphur, one ounce. 
Rub the iodine and sulphur together, in a porcelain or glass mortar. Put the mixture into a matrass, close the orifice slightly, and apply a gentle heat, so as to darken the mass, but not melt it. When uniformly dark, increase the tire so as to melt the iodine; then incline the vessel in different directions, to return to the mass any that have been condensed on the surface of the vessel; lastly, allow the matrass to cool, break it, and put the iodide into well-stopped bottles. U. S. Ph. 
Used as an external application, in cutaneous affections. 
Powder of Iodide of Sulphur R. Powdered iodide of sulphur, ten grains. Powdered gum Arabic, sufficient. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, morn, ing and evening, for an adult. Useful in porrigo, prurigo, impetigo, and tinea; also in nocturnal incontinence of urine. Escolar. 
Ointment of Iodide of Sulphur. 
R. Iodide of sulphur, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Rub the iodide with a little of the lard, then add the remainder, and mix. U. S. Ph. 
R. Iodide of sulphur, five parts. Lard, ninety-six parts. 
Mix. Foy. 
The strength is to be varied according to circumstances. Much used in chronic cutaneous diseases. 
T. 
TABACUM 
Tobacco. 
Tobacco is the leaves of Nicoliana tabacum, an annual, herbaceous plant, a native of the warmer parts of America, and extensively cultivated in the United States, and elsewhere. There are numerous varieties, but, in all of them, the leaves are the part that is used. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Solanacete. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 258. Griffith, Med. Bot. 493. Tobacco, as found in commerce, consists of the dried leaves, which are packed in bundles; it has a narcotic, penetrating odor, and a bitterish, nauseous, acrid taste. It has the powers of a sedative narcotic, with those of an emetic and diuretic; it also acts as an errhine and sialagogue. In large doses it acts as a poison. It is employed to produce relaxation in spasmodic affections, as a diuretic, &c. 
Compound Powder of Tobacco. 
R. Powdered tobacco, " valerian, each, two drachms. Oil of lavender, marjoram, each, three drops. Mix. Used as a cephalic snuff. Boeli. 
R. Powdered tobacco, two grains. Tartar emetic, one grain. Powdered sugar, two drachms. 
" gum Arabic, half a drachm. 
Mix, and form twenty powders. One, every two hours, in hooping-cough. Petschaft. 
Extract of Tobacco. 
R. Cut tobacco, four ounces. Water, two pints. 
Boil, and let simmer for two or three hours, strain, and evaporate to consistence of an extract. For external use in neuralgia. Chippendale. 
Pills of Tobacco. 
R. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. Liquorice, half an ounce. Vinegar of squill, sufficient. 
Mix, and make one hundred and eighty pills. Dose, one to three in dropsy. Van Mons. 
Wine of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, cut, Wine, 
one ounce, one pint. 


TAMARINDUS 
453 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. M.S. Ph. 
From ten to twenty minims, as a diuretic. 
Tincture op Tobacco. 
R. Cut tobacco, one ounce. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Digest for three days, express, and filter. Dose, ten minims. Augustin. 
Infusion of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, one drachm. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for an hour, in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Used as an enema; one-half only should be used at a time; employed in strangulated hernia, obstinate colic, &c. Great caution must be used, as dangerous effects have followed its administration. 
Mixture of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, one drachm. 
Boiling water, two fl. ounces. 
Infuse for twenty minutes, filter, and add 
two fl. drachms. 
Alcohol, 
Thirty to fifty drops, twice or thrice a-day, in hydrothorax and dysuria. Fowler. 
Lotion of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, 
two drachms to half an ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
one pint. 
Infuse. As a lotion in psora, but must be used with great caution. Ellis. 
Cataplasm of Tobacco. 
R. Tobacco, one ounce. 
Beat up with w'ater, and form a cataplasm. To be applied to the throat in croup, and in spasm of glottis, &c. EUis. 
Ointment of Tobacco. R. Fresh tobacco, cut, one ounce. 
Lard, one pound. Boil over a gentle fire, till the leaves become friable, and strain through linen. U. S. Ph. 
In irritable ulcers, tinea capitis, &c. To be used with caution. 
R. Powdered tobacco, Sulphur, each, four ounces. Powdered white hellebore, two ounces. Oleander leaves, one ounce. 
Common salt, ten drachms. Rose ointment, two pounds. 
Mix. As an application in psora, &c. Taddei. 
R. Extract of tobacco, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Mix. As a friction in neuralgia. Chippendale. 
Oil op Tobacco, 
R. Kentucky tobacco, at will Introduce it into an earthen or iron retort, connected with a receiver, which should be furnished with a tube, to conduct the incondensable gases to a chimney ; heat the retort to the temperature of 600° F., or thereabout, until the empyreumatic oil ceases to distil; separate the black tarry product from the acid liquor in the receiver, and preserve it for use. 
Nicotia. Nicotine, 
R. Kentucky tobacco, at will. Cut to pieces, and extract it with water; evaporate to an extract, exhaust this with alcohol; distil off the alcohol, treat the soft extract with an excess of potassa in water; agitate this with ether, in separate portions, till the impure nicotine is removed; unite the ethereal liquids, add an excess of pulverized oxalic acid, wash the oxalate of nicotine which precipitates witli ether; then treat it with an aqueous solution of potassa, and again agitate the liquid with ether to remove the alkaloid, which is obtained, by distilling off the ether, in the form of a light brown, syrupy liquid, and consists of nicotine, ether, water, and some ammonia. The last three bodies may be removed by heating the nicotine in a retort to the temperature of 284° F, in a current of hydrogen, for twelve hours ; then, by raising the heat to 356° F., the nicotine distils over pure. Schloessing. 
Nicotine is too strong for internal administration. 
TAMARINDUS. 
Tamarinds. 
Tamarinds are the preserved fruit of the Tamarindus Jndica, a large tree, a native of the East Indies, and extensively cultivated in the tropical parts of America. Those brought here, are principally derived from the West Indies. Sex. Syst. Monadelph. triand. Nat. Syst. Fabacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 48. Griffith, Med. Bot. 262. The preserved pods, as they come to us, are in a dark-colored, adhesive mass, formed of pulp, fragments of the pods, seeds, and syrup, of a sweet acidulous taste. They are cooling and laxative; and, when mixed with water, form a grateful drink in febrile diseases. 
Pulp op Tamarinds. R. Tamarinds, 
at will. 
Digest in a small quantity of water, then pass through a sieve. U. S Ph. 


454 
T AN AC ETUM —TARAXACUM 
Electuary of Tamarinds. R. Pulp of tamarinds, 
one ounce and a half. 
Cream of tartar, half an ounce. Syrup of raspberries, sufficient. 
Mix. Two teaspoonfuls, morning and evening, as a laxative. Radius. 
Infusion of Tamarinds. 
R. Pulp of tamarinds, 
one ounce. 
Boiling water, two pints. Infuse for one hour, and strain. As a cooling drink in fevers. Cottereau. 
Tamarind Whey. 
R. Milk, Tamarinds, 
two pints, two ounces. 
Boil, and strain. As a cooling drink. 
Pereira. 
TANACETUM. 
Tansy. 
Tansy, or Tanacetum vulgare, is a perennial herbaceous plant, with numerous yellow flowers; a native of Europe, and generally cultivated in our gardens, and has also become naturalized in some places. Sex. Syst. Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astcracese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1184. Griffith, Med. Bot. 406. The whole plant is officinal; it has a peculiar and strong odor, diminished by drying ; and a warm, bitter, aromatic taste. It is an aromatic bitter, and has been praised in intermittents, hysteria, amenorrhoea, as an anthelmintic, &c. As a vermifuge, the seeds are to be preferred. 
Infusion of Tansy. R. Presh tansy, o 
one ounce. 
Roiling water, one pint. Infuse, and strain. Used internally, and as an injection against ascarides. Niemann. 
Extract of Tansy 
R. Tansy, one pound. Alcohol, one pint. Water, eight pints. 
Digest for three days, express, distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to proper consistence. Dose, six to twenty grains. Giordano. 
Oil of Tansy. 
R. Tansy, Water, 
at will. 
suflicient 
to cover. Distil, and separate the oil. 
Guibourt. 
Dose, one to two drops, as a vermifuge. 
Pills of Tansy. 
R. Oil of tansy, one i Extract of English walnut, 
one fl. scruple. 
two drachms. 
Powdered marsh mallow, suflicient. Mix, and make sixty pills. Three to five every two hours, as a vermifuge. Radius. 
Compound Tincture of Tansy. R. Tansy, one oun 
one ounce. 
Wormwood, Rhubarb, each, three ounces. Sherry wine, two fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, twenty fl. ounces. 
Digest for eight days, and filter. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, two or three times a-day, as a vermifuge. Van Mons. 
TAPIOCA. 
Tapioca 
Is a fecula obtained from the root of Janipha manihot, a shrub-like, herbaceous plant, a native of the tropical parts of America, where it is largely cultivated under the name of Cassava, and forms an important article of food. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Euphorbiaceffi. Kunth. ii. 85. Griffith, Med. Bot. 601. Tapioca is found in the shops, in the form of irregular, rough, white grains, having little odor or taste, swelling up in hot water, and affording a bland and nutritious diet lor the sick and convalescent. 
Tapioca Jelly. 
R. Tapioca, two tablespoonfuls. Water, one pint. 
Boil gently for an hour, or till it becomes gelatinous; flavor with sugar, wine, &c, according to circumstances. Ellis. 
Tapioca Pudding 
R. Yolks of eggs, two. Sugar, half an ounce. 
Beat together, and stir the mixture with Tapioca mucilage, one pint. 
Bake in a slow oven. The mucilage should be made with milk, instead of water. 
A. T. Thomson. 
TARAXACUM. 
Dandelion. 
This officinal article is the root of Taraxacum dens-leonis, a small, herbaceous plant, with a perennial, fusiform root. It is a native of Europe, but has become naturalized in this country. 


TARAXACUM 
455 
Sex. Syst. Syngen. Equal. Nat. Syst. As- 
teracese. 
Haller, i. 23. Griffith, Med. Bot. 414. The root is fusiform, of a light-brown color externally, succulent, inodorous, and of a mucilaginous, bitterish taste. It is aperient, diuretic, and somewhat tonic, and thought to be resolvent in engorgements of the liver. 
Decoction of Dandelion. 
R. Bruised dandelion root, four ounces. Water, a pint and a half. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. A wineglassful, two or three times a-day, as a diuretic, &c. 
Infusion of Dandelion. 
R. Bruised dandelion, two ounces. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
DoseJ a wineglassful, three times a-day. 
Compound Infusion of Dandelion. R. Infusion of dandelion, fourfl. ounces. 
Extract of dandelion, two drachms. Carbonate of soda, half a drachm. Tartrate of potassa, three drachms. Tincture of rhubarb, three fl. drachms. 
u henbane, twenty drops.- 
Mix. One-third part, three times a-day, in dropsical and visceral affections. Meigs. 
Fluid Extract of Dandelion. R. Dandelion root, fresh, 
thirty-two ounces. 
Slice it, and reduce to a pulp. Mix this with one-sixth its bulk of alcohol, macerate for twenty-four hours, and express strongly. Add a pint of water containing a little alcohol, and again express. Evaporate the mixed products to twelve fl. ounces, add four fl. ounces of alcohol, and filter. 
A teaspoonful is equal to half a drachm of the extract obtained from the expressed juice. W. Procter. 
Extract of Dandelion. R. Dandelion, gathered in September, five pounds. Slice the dandelion; bruise it in a stone mortar, sprinkling on it a little water, until reduced to a pulp. Then express the juice, strain, and evaporate in a shallow dish over a water-bath, constantly stirring, to the proper consistence. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, a scruple to a drachm, three times a-day, alone, or dissolved in cinnamon or mint water. 
R. Bruise the recent root, collected in September; add one-fourth its bulk of alcohol; allow the whole to macerate twelve hours, express powerfully, add a little diluted alcohol, and again express. Evaporate the mixed liquids in a water-bath to the proper consistence. 
W. Procter. 
Prepared Juice of Dandelion 
R. Fresh dandelion root, gathered in September or October, twenty pounds. Alcohol (.335), four pints. 
Slice the roots, and reduce to a pulpy mass; then add the alcohol, and mix thoroughly. Set aside in suitable vessels. When wanted for use, express the pulpy mass in a screw press, and add sufficient sugar to the juice to form a syrup. W. Procter. 
Fluid Extract of Dandelion and Senna. 
R. Senna, two pounds. Torrefied dandelion root, one pound. German chamomile, 
quarter of a pound. Sugar, twenty ounces Carbonate of potassa, or carb. of soda, one ounce. Oil of winter-green, half a drachm. Alcohol, two ounces. Water, half a gallon. 
Powder the dry plants, and mix them with the water, holding the alkaline carbonate in solution. Let the mixture stand for twelve hours, then introduce into a percolator, and add water until a gallon of liquid shall have passed. Evaporate on a water-bath to twenty ounces, add the sugar, filter, and when cold, add the alcohol, holding the oil of winter-green in solution. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. E. Dupuy. 
Pills of Extract of Dandelion. 
R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. Powdered liquorice, suflicient. 
Mix, and make eight pills. One, three times a-day. In dropsy, and diseases of the urinary apparatus. Ellis. 
R. Extract of dandelion, Soap, each, one ounce. 
Liquid acetate of potassa, sufficient. 
Mix, and make pills of four grains. Four to six in a day, as diuretic, &c. St. Marie. 


456 
TEREBINTHINA 
Pills op Dandelion and Blue Mass. R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. 
Blue pill, five to ten grains. Powdered uva ursi, sufficient. 
Mix, and make ten pills. One, thrice a-day. In dropsy connected with liver disease. Ellis. 
Mixture op Dandelion. 
R. Extract of dandelion, two ounces. Peppermint water, six fl. ounces. Clarified honey, one ounce. 
Mix. Two spoonfuls, every three hours. Richter. 
R. Extract of dandelion, half a drachm. Decoction of dandelion, nine fl. drachms. 
Spirit of nitric ether, one fl. drachm. Syrup of ginger, two fl. drachms. 
Mix. To be taken three times a-day, as a diuretic in anasarca and ascites. Sprague. 
R. Cream of tartar, two drachms. Bruised cloves, two scruples. Sugar, one ounce. 
Decoction of dandelion, one pound. Macerate for two hours, and strain. Onefourth to be given every six hours, in dropsy. Sprague. 
Clyster of Dandelion. 
R. Dandelion root, bruised, three ounces. Bran, one ounce. 
Water, sixteen fl. ounces. Boil down to eight fl. ounces; add, at close, 
Chamomile, Valerian, each, two drachms. 
Strain; for two injections. Much praised in obstructions of the bowels. Berends. 
TERERINTHINA. 
Turpentine. 
Turpentine is the juice of various species of the Pine tribe, and is also procured from trees of other orders. That used in the United States is obtained from several species of Pinus and Abies, but chiefly from the P. palustris. Sex. Syst. Monoec. monadelph. Nat. Syst. Pinacese. 
Willden. Sp. PI. iv. 499. Griffith, Med. Bot. 604. 
The officinal turpentine consists, essentially, of a volatile oil and a resin. All the turpentines are possessed of much the same properties ; they have an aromatic odor, and a somewhat pungent and bitterish taste. They are stimulant, diuretic, anthelmintic, and, in large doses, purgative. They are also used externally 
as rubefacients. 
Turpentine Pills. 
R. Turpentine, one drachm. Divide into fifteen pills. One, four or five times a-day, in affections of the urinary organs. Ellis. 
Pills op Turpentine and Guaiacum. R. Powdered guaiacum, one drachm. Venice turpentine, suflicient. Mix, and make fifteen pills. One, thrice a-day; in gleet and Ieucorrhoea. They sometimes cause strangury. Ellis. 
Pills op Turpentine and Magnesia. R. Turpentine, fourteen drachms. Calcined magnesia, thirty-six grains. Mix, and at the end of twelve hours make pills of six grains. In diseases of the urinary organs. Monchon. 
Pills op Turpentine and Rhubarb. R. Turpentine, two ounces. Extract of rhubarb, three drachms. Camphor, two drachms. Mix, and make pills of four grains. Dose, three, thrice a-day, in Ieucorrhoea and gonor rhcea. St. Marie. 
Pills of Turpentine and Myrrh. R. Turpentine, 
Spermaceti, each, half an ounce. Powdered myrrh, two drachms. " olibanum, suflicient. 
Mix, and make pills of three grains. One every three hours, in chronic catarrh. Cadet. 
Pills of Turpentine and Jalap. R. Turpentine, one drachm. Soap of jalap, half a drachm. Extract of henbane, four grains. Calomel, eight grains. Make pills of three grains. Dose, four every three hours, for two days. As an anthelmintic. Augustin, 
Electuary of Turpentine. R. Turpentine, 
Soap, Powdered rhubarb, each, one drachm. Syrup, suflicient. 
Mix. Three teaspoonfuls a-day, in dropsy. Radius. 
Turpentine Clyster. R. Venice turpentine, half a fl. ounce. 
Yolk of egg, 
one. 


/ 
457 
.TESTA PRnEPARATA — TILIA EUROPjE A. 
Infusion of flaxseed, ten fl. ounces. Rapeseed oil, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. In colic, and obstinate constipation. Ph. Noscom. Ed. 
Liniment of Turpentine. 
R. Yellow wax, one part. Melt, and add 
Turpentine, Oil of turpentine, each, one part. 
Mix. Much praised in chronic ulcers on the legs. Van Mona. 
R. Yellow wax, half a pound. Olive oil, one pound. Red saunders, two ounces. Turpentine, one pound. 
Melt together, strain, and add 
Camphor, two drachms. 
As an application to contusions and ulcerations. Van Mons. 
R. Oil of turpentine, Olive oil, each, one ounce and a half. Diluted sulphuric acid, three drachms. 
Mix. As an embrocation in rheumatism. 
Chapman. 
Ointment of Turpentine. 
R. Turpentine, two pounds. Simple ointment, nine ounces. 
Melt together, with a gentle heat, constantly stirring. Austrian Ph. 
Austrian Ph. 
Compound Ointment of Turpentine. 
R. Mucilage, one pound. Fresh butter, two pounds. Olive oil, three pounds and a half. 
Melt together, and add 
Turpentine, three ounces. 
Mix well. As an application in engorgement of the breasts, in nephritic pains, &c. Swediaur. 
Turpentine Plaster. 
R. Turpentine, one ounce. 
White of egg, Wheat flour, Sugar, Honey, Brandy, Olive oil, each, one ounce 
Mix the turpentine and honey, gradually adding the other, ingredients, and rub well. As an application to painful ulcers. St. Marie. 
Compound Turpentine Plaster. R. Turpentine, eight parts. Suet, twenty-four parts. Yellow wax, thirty-two parts Essence of mint, " cloves, each, one part. Oil of mace, six parts. Powdered benzoin, eight parts. " olibanum, sixteen parts. Mix, with the assistance of heat. Useful in diarrhoea, dyspepsia, flatulence, and colic. Ph. Sued. 
Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Turpentine, two drachms. Yolk of egg, one. 
Rub together, and add ISxtract of rhubarb, Sal prunelle, each, one drachm. 
Then add gradually 
Infusion of liquorice, ten fl. ounces. Syrup of marsh mallow, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every hour, in gonorrhoea, Bories. 
Turpentine Mixture. 
R. Turpentine, one ounce. 
Mint water, four fl. ounces 
Gum Arabic, suflicient Simple syrup, one ounce 
Extract of belladonna, one grain 
Mix, and make emulsion. Used in gonorrhoea, after the reduction of the inflammatory stage when it acts too powerfully on the bowels, it must be intermitted for a few days. Ebriart. 
TESTA PRiEPAR AT A. 
Prepared Oyster-Shell. 
(See Page 156.) 
TILIA EUKOPJ1A. 
Linden. 
The linden is a handsome tree, a native of the north of Europe, and much cultivated in the United States for ornament and shade. ' 
Sex. Syst. Polyand. monog. Nat. Syst. Tiliacese. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 733. Lindley, Flor. Med. 147. The part used is the flowers, which, when dried, have a faint but agreeable odor, and a sweetish, mucilaginous taste. They are antispasmodic, and diaphoretic, and are much use<2 in France. It is probable that the flowers o' our native species have the same properties 


458 
BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 
Infusion of Linden Flowers. R. Linden flowers, two drach 
two drachms. 
Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse for half an hour, and strain. A mild antispasmodic. Par. Cod. 
Compound Infusion of Linden Flowers. 
R. Linden flowers, Chamomile flowers, Orange leaves, each, two drachms. Boiling water, two pints. 
Infuse for half an hour, strain, and add Syrup, two fl. ounces. 
A small cupful, occasionally, as an antispasmodic. Foy. 
BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 
Balsam of Tolu. 
This is the concrete juice of Myrospermum toluiferum, a large tree, (of which little is known), growing in several parts of South America. 
Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Fabaccae. 
De Candolle, Prod. ii. 95. Griffith, Med. Bot. 250. 
As first obtained, the balsam is soft and tenacious, but it gradually becomes hard and brittle ; then it is transparent, shining, of a yellowish, or reddish-brown color, of a fragrant odor, and a sweetish, warm taste. It is a stimulating expectorant. The dose is from ten to thirty grains. 
Lozenges of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu, one ounce. 
Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve and add 
two fl. ounces. 
Water, 
Heat in a water-bath, and filter; add, 
four scruples. 
Tragacanth, 
Sugar, sixteen ounces. 
Beat into a paste, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Far. Cod. 
Tincture of Tolu.. 
R. Balsam of Tolu, three ounces. Alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate till dissolved, then filter. U. S. Ph. A highly stimulating expectorant. Dose, one to two fl. drachms. 
Compound Tincture of Tolu. R. Balsam of Tolu, two oun 
two ounces. 
Balsam of Peru, 
one ounce. 
Benzoic acid, 
Saffron, each, half an ounce. Alcohol, twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Digest for three days, and filter. Spielman. 
Tincture of Tolu with Foxglove. R. Tincture of 
Tolu, one fl. ounce and a half. Elixir of vitriol, half a fl. drachm. Tincture of foxglove, one fl. drachm. Antimonial wine, two fl. drachms. Clarified honey,* one fl. ounce and a half. Powdered liquorice, half a drachm. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. A tablespoonful, according to circum. stances. EUis. 
Emulsion of Tolu. 
R. Balsam of Tolu, three drachms. " Mecca, eight drops. Sweet almonds, half an ounce. Barley water, eighteen fl. ounces. Sugar, six drachms. Make an emulsion. A spoonful occasionally, in chronic catarrh, &c. Spielman. 
Syrup of Tolu. 
R. Tincture of Tolu, one fl. ounce and a half. 
Water, one pint. Sugar, two pounds and a half. 
Mix the tincture with the sugar, and expose the mixture in a shallow dish to a gentle heat until the alcohol has evaporated; then add the water, heat gradually till the sugar is dissolved, and strain. U. S. Ph. R. Tincture of Tolu, two fl. ounces. Carbonate of magnesia, two drachms. Sugar, (avoir.) one pound and a half. Water, twelve fl. ounces. Rub the tincture with the carbonate and two ounces of the sugar, gradually add the water, and filter; then dissolve the remainder of the sugar, by a gentle heat, in the filtered liquid. 
This affords a clear, transparent syrup. J. D. Finley. R. Tincture of 
Tolu, one and a half fl. ounces. 
Sugar, (troy) two and a half pounds Water, one pint. 
Mix the tincture with one pound of sugar, in a shallow dish, and allow the alcohol to evaporate spontaneously. Then add the remainder of the sugar, and dissolve it in twelve fl. ounces of the water. Beat up the white of an egg with the remaining four ounces of water, add it to the syrup, boil for a minute or two, and strain 
through flannel. 
J. Laidley. 


459 
7 ORMENTILLA 
R. Balsam of Tolu, ten drachms. 
Boiling water, (I m P-) one P mt ' Sugar, two pounds and a half. 
Boil the balsam in the water for half an hour, occasionally stirring; strain when cold, add the sugar, and form syrup. Lond. Ph. 
Mixture op Tolu and Morphia. 
R. Oxymel of squill, one ounce and a half. Syrup of Tolu, half an ounce. Acetate of morphia, half to one grain. Mix. A teaspoonful, as occasion may require, in catarrh. Ellis. 
Mixture of Tolu and Belladonna. 
R. Syrup of Tolu, three fl. ounces and a half. 
" seneka, half a fl. ounce. Extract of bella- 
donna, eight to twelve grains. Wine of ipecacuanha, one fl. drachm. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, three or four times a-day, in cough. Ellis. 
Mixture of Tolu and Almond Emulsion. 
R. Almond emulsion, fifteen parts. Syrup of Tolu, one part. 
Mix. In cough. Beral. 
Mixture of Tolu and Copaiba. R. Balsam of Tolu, 
Copaiba, Powdered gum Arabic, each, half an ounce. Elixir of vitriol, twenty drops. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
• Mix. A tablespoonful occasionally, in chronic hooping-cough. Ellis. 
Tolu Mixture. 
R. Tincture of Tolu, one ounce. 
Laudanum, two drachms. 
Tincture of foxglove, one drachm. Mix. In the chronic cough of haemoptysis. Forty to fifty drops, every three or four hours. Dewees. 
Mixture of Tolu and Opium. R. Balsam of Tolu, one drachm. Powdered gum Arabic, one drachm and a half. Water, four fl. ounces. Syrup of opium, half a fl. ounce. 
Make an emulsion. 
Niemann. 
Inhalation op Tolu. R. Ralsam of Tolu, or Roiling water, > Mix. The vapor to be inhaled. 
one ounce, one pint. 
Ellis. 
TORMENTILLA. 
TORMENTIL. 
The root of Potentilla tormentilla, a small, perennial plant, with a large, woody, dark-brown root, a native of many parts of Europe, growing in barren spots. Sex. Syst. Icosand. polygyn. Nat. Syst. Rosacea?. 
Sibthorp, Fl. Ox. 162. Griffith, Med. Bot 278. The root, when dried, is in irregular pieces, which are knotty, tuburculated, and of a dark, reddish-brown color. Its odor is slightly aromatic and its taste very astringent. It is a simple and somewhat active astringent. Dose, thirty grains to a drachm. 
Compound Powder of Tormentil. R. Powdered tormentil, 
" gum Arabic, each, three ounces. Armenian bole, six ounces. 
Powdered cinnamon, four ounces. " long pepper, half an ounce. 
Mix. Geneva Ph. 
Extract of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil, one part. Water, eight parts. Boil, and strain; repeat with same quantity of water, mix the two decoctions, strain, and eva porate to the proper consistence. 
Dose, from twenty to thirty grains. Amst. Ph~ 
Decoction of Tormentil. 
R. Tormentil, bruised, two ounces. Distilled water, one pint and a half. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. Dose, one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
GrARGLE OF TORMENTIL. R. Tormentil, one 
one ounce. 
Water, twelve fl. ounces. Boil down one-third, strain, and add 
Alum, one drachm. Honey, one ounce. 
Mix. 
Radius. 


460 
TOXICODENDRON—TRAGACANTH A. 
TOXICODENDRON. 
Poison Oak. 
The leaves of Rhus toxicodendron, a shrubby plant, a native of the United States, are the parts used. This plant sometimes becomes a vine, whence it has received the name of Rhus rodicaris, or Poison vine. Both varieties grow in woods, along fence rows, &c, and are extremely poisonous to some persons, whilst other individuals are not affected by them. Sex. Syst. Pentand. trigyn. Nat. Syst. Anacard iaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 381. Griffith, Med. Bot. 184. The leaves are inodorous, and of a disagreeable, acrid taste. They are narcotic and stimulant, acting like the acro-narcotic poisons in large doses. They have been used with success in obstinate cutaneous affections, chronic rheumatism, &c. The dose is half a grain, gradually increased. 
Extract of Poison Oak. 
R. Leaves of poison oak, one part. Alcohol, four parts. 
Infuse, strain, distil off the spirit, and evaporate to proper consistence. Par. Cod. Dose, one grain, gradually increased till some effect is induced. 
Pills of Poison Oak. R. Extract of poison oak, Camphor, each, fifteer Extract of arnica, " valerian, each, 
fifteen grains. 
thirty grains. Powdered calamus, sufficient. 
Beat into mass, and make thirty pills. One. three times a-day, in hemiplegia. Brera. 
Tincture of Poison Oak. R. Clarified juice of poison oak, Alcohol, equal parts. Mix, and filter at end of twenty-four hours. Dose, five drops, gradually increased. 
TRAGACANTH A. 
Tragacanth. 
A gummy exudation from Astragalus verus, and other species of Astragalus. All of them are small shrubs, with thorny petioles, found in th6 countries bordering on the Levant, in Persia, &c. Sex. Syst Diadelph. decand. Nat. Syst. Fabaceee 
Lindley, Flor. Med. 247. Griffith, Med. Bot. 233. 
Tragacanth is in contorted, vermicular pieces, rounded or flattened, of a whitish, or whitish- 
yellow color; semi-translucent and corneous; tough, except when quite dry. It is inodorous, and of a bland, mucilaginous taste. It swells up and forms a paste or mixture with water, but does not dissolve. It is demulcent and nutritive 
Compound Tragacanth Powder. R. Powdered tragacanth, 
" gum Arabic, " starch, each, 
one ouuce and a half. 
Sugar, three ounces. Mix well. Lond. Ph. Demulcent. Dose, from thirty grains to a drachm. 
Mucilage op Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth, one ounce. 
Roiling water, one pint. Macerate for twenty-four hours, occasionally stirring, triturate till uniform, and strain forcibly through linen. U. S. Ph. 
Principally used as a basis for more active medicines. 
Paste of Tragacanth. 
R. Tragacanth, thirty-two parts. Macerate in 
Water, one thousand parts. Also, dissolve 
Isinglass, forty-eight parts, in 
Water, eight hundred parts. Strain through a linen cloth, and mix with the macerated gum ; then add 
Syrup, one thousand parts. Evaporate by a gentle fire, to the consistence of a soft paste, and gradually add Orange-flower water, sixty-four parts. Evaporate to proper consistence on a waterbath. As an expectorant. Foy. 
R. White tragacanth, sixty-four parts. Isinglass, ninety-six parts. Water, three thousand parts. Simple syrup, two thousand parts. Orange-flower water, one hundred and twenty-eight parts. 
Bruise the tragacanth, and place it in a vessel for two days with five-sixths of the water, and dissolve the isinglass in the rest of the water • strain both solutions; heat the syrup to boiling, and mix the whole, and continue heat, till the mixture is of the consistence of soft paste, stirring well. Remove from fire; add orangeflower water, and evaporate on water-bath, till sufficiently firm; pour on marble slab, and divide into lozenges. Mouchon. 


461 
TRIOSTEUM —ULMUS CAMPESTRIS. 
TRIOSTEUM. 
Fever-Root. 
The root of T. perfoliatum, is placed on the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst, Caprifbliacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 395. Griffith, Med. Bot. 352. Fever-root or fever-wort is found in most 
parts of the United States. The root is of a yellowish or brownish color externally, and it has a nauseous odor, and a bitter taste. It is a mild cathartic, in doses often to fifteen grains. 
Extract of Fever-Root. 
R. Powdered fever-root, one pound. Diluted alcohol, four pints. 
Moisten the powder with half a pint of the diluted alcohol, macerate for twenty-four hours, transfer to a percolator, and add gradually the remainder of the alcohol. Add water until the tincture passes tasteless. Then distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. Thomas. 
Dose, five to eight grains. 
TUSSILAGrO. 
Coltsfoot. 
Coltsfoot is a small, perennial plant, with large, radical, cordate leaves; and flowers on simple, leafless scapes. It is the Tussilago farfara, and is a native both of Europe and North America. 
Sex. Syst, Syngen. super. Nat. Syst. Astera- 
cere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1214. Griffith, Med Bot. 393. The whole herb is used, but the leaves and 
flowers should be preferred. The latter have an agreeable smell; the former are inodorous, but have a rough, bitterish, mucilaginous taste. Both are demulcent, and have been much used in pectoral affections. 
Decoction of Coltsfoot. 
R. Flowers of coltsfoot, one ounce. Water, two pints. 
Boil down to a pint, and strain. Beasley. Dose, a wineglassful. 
Compound Decoction of Coltsfoot. R. Flowers of coltsfoot, six ounces. Figs, Raisins, Jujubes, each, two ounces. Water, twelve pints. Boil down one-third, adding 
Liquorice root, two ounces. Strain. As a demulcent drink. Taddei. 
Syrup of Coltsfoot. 
R. Flowers of coltsfoot, one pound. Boiling water, two pints. 
Macerate for twelve hours, express, strain, and add 
Sugar, four pounds. Make syrup. Par. Cod. 
u. 
ULMUS CAMPESTRIS 
Elm Bark. 
This is a large tree, a native of Europe, having strong, spreading branches, and a rough, cracked bark. 
Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat, Syst. Ulmacere. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 327. Lindley, Flor. Med. 307. The part used is the inner bark; this is thin, tough, of a brownish-yellow color, inodorous, of a mucilaginous, slightly astringent taste. It is demulcent, and somewhat astringent, and also acts as an alterative. 
Decoction of Elm Bark, R. Elm bark, bruised, 
two ounces and a half. 
Distilled water, two pints. Boil down to one pint, and strain. Lond. Ph. 
From four to six fl. ounces, two or three times a-day, in cutaneous affections. 
Compound Infusion of Elm Lark. 
R. Elm bark, Burdock root, Dock root, Bittersweet, 
Fumitory, each, two drachms. Boiling water, one pint 
Infuse for four hours, strain, and add Syrup of sarsaparilla, one fl. ounce 
To be taken in twenty-four hours, in divided doses, in chronic cutaneous diseases. Cadet 


< 
462 
ULMUS FULVA — UVA URSI 
ULMUS FULVA. 
Slippery Elm. 
A very lofty tree, found in the United States, especially west of the mountains, growing in dry, elevated situations. Sex. Syst. Pentand. digyn. Nat. Syst. Ulmaceoe. 
Mich. N. Am. Sylv. iii. 89. The inner bark is the part used. This is in long, flat strips, of a tawny color on the outer surface, and reddish on the inner, of a peculiar, though feeble odor, and a mucilaginous taste. It is a good demulcent, and is much used in diseases of the mucous membranes. It is also very nutritious. 
Infusion of Slippery Elm Rark. R. Slippery elm bark, bruised, one ounce. Roiling water, one pint. Macerate for two hours, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
To be used freely as a demulcent. 
Cataplasm of Slippery Elm Rark. R. Ground slippery elm bark, at will. Hot water, suflicient. Make a cataplasm. A soothing application to irritable ulcers, &c. 
UVA URSI. 
Uva Ursi —Bearberry. 
Uva ursi is the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva ursi, a small, evergreen shrub, inhabiting the northern parts of both continents, and the high mountains in more southern latitudes. Sex. Syst. Decand. monog. Nat. Syst. Ericaceae. 
Sprengel, ii. 287. Griffith, Med. Bot. 425. The leaves, when dried, have a somewhat hay-like smell; their taste is astringent and bitterish. They are astringent and tonic, with some special action on the urinary organs. They are much used in diseases of the genitourinary organs. Dose, in powder, from a scruple to a drachm, three or four times a-day. 
Compound Powder op Uva Ursi. R. Powdered uva ursi, 
" Peruvian bark, each, two drachms. 
" opium, three grains. 
Mix, and divide into six powders. One, twice a-day, with lime water, in nephritic complaints, »nd as an antilithic. Ferriar. 
R. Powdered uva ursi, 
one drachm and a half. 
Bicarbonate of soda, one drachm. Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, thrice a-day, in diseases of the kidney and bladder. Ellis. 
R. Powdered uva ursi, half an ounce. " gum Arabic, two drachms. " jalap, one drachm. " sugar, half an ounce. Oil of orange-peel, six drops. Mix. Dose, one drachm, in nephritic colic. Quarin. 
Decoction op Uva Ursi. R. Uva ursi, one 
one ounce. 
Water, twenty fl. ounces. Boil down to a pint, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to two fl. ounces, three or four times a-day. 
Extract of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, two pounds and a half. Roiling water, two gallons. 
Macerate for twenty-four hours, boil down to a gallon, strain while hot, and evaporate to a proper consistence. Lond. Ph. 
Dose, five to thirty grains. 
Mixture of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, one ounce and a half 
Milfoil, 
one ounce. 
Water, three pints. Boil down to two pints, and add, at close, 
Liquorice, one ounce. 
Strain, and add 
Syrup of cinnamon, two ounces. To be taken in divided doses, in passive hemorrhages of lungs and bladder. Radius. 
Syrup of Uva Ursi. 
R. Uva ursi, eight ounces. Roiling water, two pints. 
Infuse the finely-bruised leaves in the water for three hours, put in a displacement filter, and add water suflicient to obtain two pints of infusion. Evaporate to one pint, and add two pounds (av.) of sugar, and make syrup. W. Procter. 


463 
VALERIANA. 
V. 
VALERIANA. 
Valerian. 
Several species of Valerian are used in medicine, but the only one officinal is the Valeriana officinalis, a handsome, perennial, herbaceous plant, with white or rose-colored flowers, in terminal corymbs. Sex. Syst. Triand. monog. Nat. Syst. Valerianaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 45. Griffith, Med. Bot. 384. The part used is the root; this consists of many long, slender fibres, arising from a tuberculated rhizome; the color is yellowish, or brownish ; the odor is strong and peculiar, and the taste is bitter and aromatic. It is an active antispasmodic, and is much used in nervous diseases. The dose is from half a drachm to a drachm, two or three times a-day. 
Compound Powder of Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, one drachm. 
** orange leaves, one scruple. Muriate of ammonia, two grains. Oil of cajeput, four drops. 
Mix. A teaspoonful, four times a-day, in hot tea. In epilepsy. Niemann. 
R. Powdered valerian, one ounce. 
Oxide of zinc, one scruple. Musk, ten grains. 
Mix. As an antispasmodic, in teaspoonful doses. Brera. 
R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. Aromatic powder, ten grains. 
Mix. To be taken three or four times a-day. In hysteria, hemicrania, chlorosis, &c. A. T. Thomson. 
Bolus of Valerian and Iron. R. Powdered valerian, one drachm. Carbonate of iron, ten grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make bolus. One, three times a-day, as antispasmodic. Ellis. 
Bolus of Valerian and Sulphate of Potassa. 
R. Powdered vale- 
rian, two drachms and a half. Sulphate of potassa, eighteen grains. Syrup of orange-peel, sufficient. 
Mix, and make eighteen boluses. Cadet. 
Compound Pills of Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Castor, Oxide of zinc, each, one scruple. Mix, and make eighteen pills. Three, thrice a-day. Dupuytren. 
Electuary of Valerian. R. Powdered valerian, 
" orange-leaves, each, six drachms. 
Syrup of wormwood, sufficient. Mix. Two or three teaspoonfuls a-day. Swediaur. 
R. Powdered valerian, two ounces. " Peruvian bark, half an ounce. 
Carbonate of ammonia, two drachms. Ginger syrup, sufficient. 
Mix. Dose, a drachm every hour or two, in periodic hemicrania. Donald Monro. 
Infusion of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, half an ounce. Roiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and strain. U. S. Ph. Dose, two fl. ounces, three or four times 
a-day. 
Compound Infusion of Valerian. R. Valerian, one ounce and a half. Decoction of Peruvian bark, 
two pints. 
Make an infusion, strain, and add Syrup of chamomile, one fl. ounce and a half. Camphor, • twenty grains. Mix. One to two fl. ounces, three times a-day. Saunders 
Tincture of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, bruised, four ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Or prepare by displacement. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, from one to four fl. drachms. 
Ethereal Tincture of Valerian. 
R. Coarsely-powdered valerian, one ounce Spirit of sulphuric ether, eight ounces. 


\ 
464 
VALERIANA. 
Macerate for eight days, and filter. Dose, thirty to sixty drops. Prua. Ph. 
Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, bruised, four ounces. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. This may also be made by displacement. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in milk, or some mucilaginous fluid. 
Compound Ammoniated Tincture of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, one ounce. 
Cloves, Mace, each, one drachm. Lemon-peel, one drachm and a half. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, twenty-four fl. ounces. 
Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Van Mons. 
Compound Tincture op Valerian. R. Valerian, 
Castor, each, two ounces. Saffron, one ounce. 
Peppermint water, Alcohol, each, twenty fl. ounces. 
Macerate for a week, express, and filter. Dose, a half to one fl. drachm. Wirt. Ph. 
Wine of Valerian. 
R. Valerian, one ounce. 
Sherry wine, one pint. Macerate for twenty-four hours, express, and filter. A spoonful, as may be required. Niemann. 
Syrup of Valerian. 
R. Bruised valerian, one pound. Water, eight pints. 
Macerate for twelve hours, then distil off one pint and a half; strain, and filter the remainder. Mix with eight pounds of syrup; evaporate to six and a half pounds, and add the distilled fluid. Par. Cod. 
Mixture of Valerian and Ammonia. 
R. Powdered valerian, one scruple. Carbonate of ammonia, ten grains. Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As a draught, every fourth hour, in a nervous headache, &c. Ellis. 
Mixture of Valerian and Hoff- 
mann's Anodyne. 
R. Valerian, six drachms. Roiling water, eight fl. ounces. 
Make an infusion, strain, and add 
Cinnamon water, two fl. ounces. Hoffmann's anodyne, two fl. drachms. Syrup, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A spoonful, as required. Foy. 
Tincture of Valerian and Hoffmann's Anodyne. 
R. Tincture of valerian, Hoffmann's anodyne, each, one fl. ounce. Mix. A teaspoonful, as may be required; / Ellis. 
Oil of Valerian. 
R. Bruised valerian, at will. 
Water, sufficient. 
Distil, and separate the oil from the product Dose, three to five drops. 
Mixture of Oil of Valerian and Ammonia. 
R. Oil of valerian, eight drops. Aromatic spirit of ammonia, one fl. drachm. Water, four fl. ounces. Sugar, two drachms. Mix. A tablespoonful every two or three hours. EUia. 
Extract of Valerian 
R. Coarsely-powdered valerian, at will. Moisten with twice its weight of alcohol (.834), let macerate for three days, put into a displacement apparatus, and exhaust with alcohol (.915). The first product, on being distilled over a water-bath, affords a dark-green resin, containing most of the volatile oil, and valerianic acid. The product of the distillation is to be diluted with distilled water, to reduce it to (.935), and the valerian exhausted by additional spirit. Mix the tinctures, filter and distil. The residue is to be evaporated and mixed with the first product. One grain is equal to five of valerian. Burin. 
Fluid Extract of Valerian. R. Valerian, in coarse 
powder, eight ounces. Ether, four fl. ounces. Alcohol, twelve fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, suflicient. 
Mix the ether and alcohol, and, having incorporated the valerian with one-half of the mixture, introduce the mass into a percolator, and 


465 
VANILLA. 
1 
I 
gradually pour in the remainder; then add diluted alcohol until one pint of tincture shall have passed. Place this product in a shallow vessel, and allow it to evaporate spontaneously to five fl. ounces. 
Again pour diluted alcohol ort the mass in the percolator until ten fl. ounces of tincture are obtained. Mix this with the five fl. ounces of ethereal tincture (adding a little alcohol to dissolve any oleo-resinous matter deposited); allow the mixture to stand, with occasional agitation, for four hours ; then filter, and add sufficient alcohol to make the whole measure one pint. 
Dose, one fl. drachm. U. S. Ph. R. Valerian, eight ounces. Alcohol, . eight fl. ounces. Sulphuric ether, four fl. ounces. Walter, sufficient. Bruise the valerian finely, put it in a displacement apparatus, and add the alcohol and ether, mixed; remove the last portions of the tincture by water, and set the solution aside in a warm room to evaporate!, till all the ether and half the alcohol have escaped. The residue will amount to four fl. ounces, of a greenish color. Proceed to displace with the water, setting aside the first eight fl. ounces of the product, and proceed with the process till the root is exhausted. Evaporate this to four fl. ounces; mix all the solutions. The dose is about a teaspoonful. 
This is the original formula, on which that of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia is based. E. T. Ellis. 
Valerianic Acid. 
R. Coarsely-powdered valerian root, one pound. Carbonate of soda, one ounce, dissolved in 
Water,, one pint and a half. Boil for three hours, replacing the water as it evaporates, and express strongly; repeat the process twice with the same quantity of water. Mix the decoctions, add two fl. drachms of sulphuric acid to neutralize the soda, and distil three-fourths of the liquid. Neutralize the distilled liquid with carbonate of soda, and concentrate ; then add sulphuric acid to decompose the valerianate of soda, and collect the valerianic acid by distillation. T. and H. Smith. 
Valerianic acid is now prepared on the large scale, in the process for manufacturing valerianate of soda (see page 440), from fusel oil, by the reaction between it, sulphuric acid, and bichromate of potassa. 
R. Bichromate of potassa, two pounds and three quarters. Hot water, four pounds and a half. Mix in a retort, and add, very slowly, a cooled mixture of 
Fusel oil, one pound. Sulphuric acid, four pounds. Water, two pounds. 
30 
Distil. About nine ounces of oily valerianic acid are obtained. Gruneberg. 
VANILLA. 
Vanilla. 
Under this name are included the seed pods of several species of Vanilla, but that most ge nerally known is the V. aromatica, a climbing plant, a native of Mexico and South America. Sex. Syst. Gynand. monand. Nat. Syst. Orchidacece. 
Swartz, Occident, iii. 1518. Flore Medicale," vi. 345. 
The part used is the pod; this is long, slender, cylindrical, compressed, of a blackish-brown color, formed of two valves, and filled with a brown pulp, containing a great quantity of small, blackish, shining seeds. The odor, is peculiar but pleasant, the taste aromatic, hot, and pungent. It is principally used in this** country for flavoring purposes, but is esteemed by European writers as an aromatic stimulant, increasing the power of the muscular system, and exciting the sexual feelings. It has been given in hysteria, rheumatism, impotence, &c. The dose is from eight to twelve grains. 
Vanilla Sugar. 
R. Tincture of vanilla, one ounce. Sugar, eight ounces. 
Mix well, dry in a stove, and pulverize. Beral. 
Vanilla Lozenges. 
R. Vanilla, one ounce. 
Sugar, seven ounces. 
Gum tragacanth, half a drachm. Water, half an ouuee. 
Mix, and make lozenges of twelve grains. Beral. 
Tincture of Vanilla. 
R. Vanilla, one part. Alcohol, four parts. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, forty drops. Cottereau. 
Spirit of Vanilla 
R. Vanilla, one part. Alcohol, Water, each, twelve parts. 
Mix, and distil twelve parts. Soubeiran. 
Vanilla Arrowroot. 
R. Milk, fifteen ounces. Sugar, Vanilla sugar, Arrowroot, each, one ounce 
Mix, and boil, constantly stirring. Bcal 


466 
VERATRIA. 
Vanilla Milk. 
sixteen ounces, half an ounce. 
R. Milk, 
Vanilla sugar, 
Beral. 
Dissolve, and strain, 
Essence of Vanilla. 
R. Vanilla, nine ounces. 
Spirit of abelmoschus (ambrette), two pints. 
Cloves, thirty grains. Musk, seven grains. 
Used as a perfume, and for flavoring. Cooley. 
Fluid Extract of Vanilla. 
R. Vanilla, one ounce. 
Sugar, three ounces. Syrup, Water, each, half a pint. Deodorized alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Cut the vanilla in thin, transverse slices, triturate it with the sugar, till reduced to a moderately-fine powder, add the syrup with two ounces of the water, put the mixture into a strong pint-bottle, cork, and tie it over; place it in a vessel of water, which is then to be heated to the boiling point, and kept there for half an hour; remove the cork, and strain. The residue is then to be mixed with the remainder of the water and the alcohol, the mixture returned to the bottle, and heated as belbre, strained, and mixed with the first product. W. Procter. 
VERATRIA. 
Veratria 
R. Cevadilla, bruised, two pounds. Alcohol, three gallons. Sulphuric acid, "1 Solution of ammonia, I each, Purified animal charcoal, [ sufficient. Magnesia, J 
Boil the cevadilla in a gallon of the alcohol, in a retort with a receiver attached, for an hour, and pour off the liquor. To the residue, add another gallon of alcohol, together with the distilled portion, boil for an hour, and pour off the liquor; repeat a third time. Express, mix, and strain the liquors, and distil off the alcohol, on a water-bath. Boil the residue three or four times in water, acidulated with sulphuric acid, mix, and strain the liquors, and evaporate to the consistence of syrup. Add magnesia in slight excess, shake frequently, express, and wash residue. Repeat expression and washing two or three times. Dry the residue, digest it with gentle heat, several times in alcohol, straining after each digestion. Distil off alcohol from 
the mixed liquors, boil the residue for fifteen minutes in water, with a little sulphuric acid and purified animal charcoal, and strain. Thoroughly wash the residue, mix the washings with the strained liquor, evaporate gently to consistence of syrup, add as much solution o/ ammonia as will precipitate the veratria, separate this and dry it. U. S. Ph. 
Veratria is a violent and active poison. It is given internally in minute doses, but is more generally used externally, in gout, rheumatism, nervous affections, &c. The dose is from onetwelfth to one-sixth of a grain. 
Pills of Veratria 
R. Veratria, half Syrup of gum, Powdered gum Arabic, each, 
half a grain. 
sufficient. 
Mix, and make six pills. Dose, one, to be increased to three. Magendie. 
Pills of Veratria and Henbane. R. Veratria, one grain. Extract of henbane, Powdered liquorice, each, twelve grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, thrice a-day. Turnbull 
Tincture of Veratria. 
R. Veratria, four grains. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. Dose, from ten to twenty drops in » wineglassful of water, in dropsy, gout, rheumatism, &c. Magendie. 
Lotion of Veratria. 
R. Veratria, one scruple to one drachm. Alcohol, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an embrocation; to be used with caution. Turnbull. 
Liniment of Veratria. 
R. Veratria, Alcohol, Soap liniment, each, 
eight grains. 
four fl. drachms. 
Mix well. 
Brande. 
Ointment of Veratria. 
R. Veratria, five to twenty grains. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. A piece about the size of a hazelnut to be rubbed for five or fifteen minutes, over the seat of the disease, in rheumatism, &c. 
Turnbull. 


467 
VERATRIA MURIAS —VERATRUM ALBUM. 
R. yeratria, one scruple. 
Rub with 
one drachm. 
Olive oil, 
Add 
Spermaceti ointment, seven drachms. Mix. As the last. Turnbull. 
Turnbull. 
Ointment of Veratria and Opium. 
R. Veratria, half a drachm. Powdered opium, one drachm. Lard, one ounce and a half. 
Mix. As a friction, in rheumatism. Dunglison. 
Ointment of Veratria and Iodine. R. Veratria, one scruple. Iodide of potassium, half a drachm. Lard, one ounce. Mix. Jourdan. 
VERATRIA MURIAS. Muriate of Veratria. 
R. Veratria, at will. Muriatic acid, sufficient 
to saturate; filter, evaporate, and crystallize. 
Giordano. 
VERATRIiE NITRAS. Nitrate of Veratria. VERATRIA SULPHAS. Sulphate of Veratria. 
Are made in the same manner, using the appropriate acids. Dose of each, about one-eighth of a grain. 
Solution of Sulphate of Veratria. R. Sulphate of veratria, one grain. Distilled water, two fl. ouuees. Dissolve. Dose, one to two fl. drachms, in a mixture, as a substitute for the wine of colchicum or the Eau medicinale. Cadet. 
VERATRUM ALRUM. 
White Hellebore. 
A perennial, herbaceous plant, with a fleshy, fusiform rhizome, having numerous fibres. It is a native of the mountainous parts of Europe. Sex. Syst. Polygam. monoec. Nat. Syst. Melanthaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1479. Griffith, Med. Bot. 643. The root, which is the officinal part, is in cylindrical, somewhat conical pieces, with numerous radicles; these are corrugated, and of a 
blackish-brown color. Their odor is slicrht, and their taste at first sweetish, and then bitter and acrid. White hellebore is an active irritant, causing violent vomiting and purging. Externally, it acts like the other powerful acrids. Internally, in small doses, it has been used in many diseases; but it is now principally employed externally in the treatment of cutaneous affections, &c. Dose, from a grain to two grains, gradually increased. 
Powder of White Hellebore. R. Powdered white hellebore, three grains. u starch, one scruple. Mix. As an errhine in amaurosis, and lethargic affections. Radius. 
Decoction of White Hellebore. R. White hellebore, ten drachms. Distilled water, two pints. Boil down to a pint, and add 
Rectified spirit, three fl. ounces, and strain. Lond. Ph., 1836. As a wash, in cutaneous diseases. 
Wine of White Hellebore. 
R. Bruised white hellebore, four ounces. Wine, one pint. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. U. S. Ph. 
Dose, ten minims, gradually increased, two or three times a-day, in gout and rheumatism. 
Tincture of White Hellebore. R. Bruised white hellebore, four ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for eight days, express, and filter. Ed, Ph. 
Dose, the same as of the wine, and in same cases. 
Ointment of White Hellebore. R. Powdered white hellebore, 
two ounces. 
Lard, eight ounces. Oil of lemon, twenty minims. 
Mix. U.S. Ph. As a friction in itch, &c. To Joe used with caution on children. 
Compound Ointment of White Hellebore. 
R. Powdered white hellebore, 
two ounces. 
" nitre, one drachm. Soft soap, Sulphur, each, six ounces Lard, one pound and a half. 
Mix. As a friction in itch. Phcebut, 


468 
VERATRUM VIRI DE —VIOLA. 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. American or Green Hellebore. 
A tall, perennial plant, with a thick, fleshy rhizome, having a tunicated top, and numerous fibrous radicles. It is a native of the United States, growing in damp meadows, and wet situations. 
Sex. Syst. Polygam. moncec. Nat. Syst. Melanthaceae. 
Aiton, Hort. Kev. iii. 422. Griffith, Med. Bot. 643. 
The root, in a fresh state, has an unpleasant odor, which disappears on drying. Its taste is bitter and acrid. Its properties are much the same as those of the white hellebore, but is stated not to purge, and to rapidly reduce the frequency and force of the pulse. Dose, one grain, gradually increasing. 
Tincture of American Hellebore. R. American hellebore, bruised, six ounces. 
Diluted alcohol, one pint. Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, half to one fl. drachm. Osgood. 
R. Dried root of American hellebore, in powder, eight ounces. Alcohol (.835), sixteen ounces. Macerate for two weeks, and express. Dose, for an adult, eight drops, every three hours. Each dose to be increased one or two drops, until nausea, vomiting, or a reduction of the frequency of the pulse takes place; then to be reduced to one-half in all cases. Norwood. 
Wine of American Hellebore. R. American hellebore, bruised, 
six ounces. 
White wine, fourteen fl. ounces. Diluted alcohol, two ounces. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter. Dose, as of tincture. Osgood. 
The recent root should be used in the two preparations of Dr. Osgood. 
Extract of American Hellebore. R. Fresh root of American hellebore, a at will. Bruise well, express the juice, and evaporate to proper consistence, by a gentle heat, or by exposure to the sun. Dose, from a fourth to half a grain. Osgood. 
Ointment of American Hellebore. R. Powdered extract of American 
hellebore, one drachm. Simple cerate, one ounce. 
Oil of lemon, three minims. 
Mix. 
Osgood. 
Pills of American Hellebore. R. Extract of American hellebore, ten grains. Opium, five grains. Soap, fifteen grains. Mucilage of gum Arabic, sufficient. Mix, and make thirty pills. One, every three or four hours, in rheumatism, &c. Osgood. 
Mixture of American Hellebore. R. Tincture of American hellebore, " bloodroot, Camphorated tincture of opium, equal parts. Mix. Dose, fifty to sixty minims, in catarrh. Osgood. 
VIOLA. 
Violet. 
Two species of violet, viz : V. pedata and V. odorata, are sometimes used in medicine. ¦ The former is indigenous to this country, and is officinal in the U. S. Pharm. The latter is a small, perennial plant, with fragrant, blue flowers, a native of Europe, but generally cultivated in our gardens. Sex. Syst. Pentand. monog. Nat. Syst. Violaceae. 
Linn. Sp. PI. 1324. Griffith, Med. Bot. 140. The flowers of both species are of a blue color, almost inodorous when dried, and of a slightly bitter taste. They are principally used as a demulcent, and as a laxative for infants. 
Conserve of Violets. R. Violet flowers, fresh, o Sugar, thn 
one part, three parts. 
Rub together. 
Soubeiran. 
Syrup of Violets. 
R. Presh violet flowers, one pound. Boiling water, two pints and a half. 
Infuse for twenty-four hours, strain, and dissolve Sugar, seven pounds and a half, 
and form syrup. Ed. Ph. A gentle laxative for infants, in doses of one to two fl. drachms. 
Honey of Violets. R. Flowers of violets, Boiling water, each, six pounds. Infuse, strain, and add 
Honey, six pounds. Evaporate to a proper consistence. Wirt. Ph. 
Oil of Violets. 
R. Fresh violet flowers, fifteen ounces. Almond oil, five pounds. 
Infuse, with three equal quantities of the flowers, and strain. Used as an article of perfumery. 
Taddei, 


469 
WINTERA—XANTHOXYLUM 
w, 
WINTERA. 
Winter's Bark. 
This is derived from an evergreen tree, found in the southern parts of South America, the Drimy8 Winteri, and also from other species, growing in Peru, &e. Sex. Syst. Polyand. tetragyn. Nat. Syst. Magnoliacese. Forster, Gen. 84. Griffith, Med. Bot. 100. The bark is in quilled pieces of some length ; of a pale, yellowish, or dull, reddish gray, with darker spots externally, and of a dark cinnamon 
internally. It lias an aromatic odor, and a warm, spicy taste. It is a stimulating, aromatic tonic. The dose, in powder, is about half a drachm. 
Tincture op Winter's Bark. 
R. Bruised Winter's bark, one part. Diluted alcohol, eight parts. 
Digest with one-half of the alcohol, and repeat with the other. Unite the two tinctures, and filter. 
X 
XANTHORRHIZA. 
Yellow-Root. 
The root of Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, a plant indigenous to the United States, is occasionally employed in medicine. Sex. Syst. Pentand. polyg. Nat. Syst. Ranunculaceae. 
Willd. Sp. PI. i. 1568. Griffith,Med. Bot. 95. The root and bark of this little shrub are 
possessed of tonic properties, and may be used in cases where the pure bitters are indicated. 
Infusion of Yellow-Root. 
R. Bruised yellow-root, one ounce. Boiling water, one pint. 
Macerate in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain. Dose, as a tonic, one fl. ounce. Thomas. 
* Extract of Yellow-Root. R. Coarsely-powdered yellow-root, eight ounces. Diluted alcohol, two pints. Moisten the powder with six fl. ounces of diluted alcohol, and macerate twenty-four hours; then transfer to a percolator, and add gradually the rest of the diluted alcohol. When this has 
passed, continue the percolation with water until the powder is exhausted. Distil off the alcohol, and evaporate to the consistence of an extract. Thomas. 
Dose, five grains. 
XANTHOXYLUM. 
Prickly-Ash. 
The bark of Xanthoxylum fraxineum, a shrub about ten feet high, growing in the Middle and Western States, is recognised in the U. S. Pharm. 
Sex. Syst. Dicec. pentand. Nat. Syst. Xanthoxylaceaa. The bark is possessed of stimulant and irritant properties. It is more used in domestic, than in regular practice. 
Decoction of Prickly-Ash. R. Contused bark of prickly-ash, 
one ounce. 
Water, three pints. 
Boil down to a quart. One pint to be in divided doses, during the twenty-four hours, in chronic rheumatism. G. B. Wood. 


470 
ZINCUM —ZINCI OXIDUM. 
Z 
Mix, and divide into four powders. One, every three hours, in dyspepsia. Brera 
ZINCUM. 
Zinc. 
Pills of Oxide of Zinc. 
R. Oxide of zinc, two scruples. Conserve of roses, sufficient. 
ZINCI OXIDUM 
Oxide of Zinc. 
Mix, and make ten pills. One, three or four times a-day, in epilepsy, chorea, &c. Ellis. 
R Sulphate of zinc, one pound. Carbonate of ammonia, six ounces and a half. 
Compound Pills of Oxide of Zinc. 
Distilled water, . three gallons. Dissolve the sulphate of zinc and carbonate of ammonia, separately, in twelve pints of the water, strain, and mix the solutions. Wash the precipitate well with water, and expose to a strong heat, to drive off the carbonic acid. U. S. Ph., 1840. 
R. Oxide of zinc, five grains. Extract of cascarilla, six grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make three pills; one to be taken three times a-day, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 
R. Oxide of zinc, one scruple. Powdered valerian, thirty grains. Castor, four grains. Syrup, suflicient. 
R. Precipitated carbonate of zinc, one pound. 
Expose to a strong heat in a shallow vessel, so as to drive off the carbonic acid. 
Mix, and make twelve pills. To be taken during the day, in epilepsy, &c. Foy. 
U. S. Ph., 1850. 
Tonic and antispasmodic, and given in nervous and spasmodic affections, in doses of two to ten grains and upwards, several times a-day. Also used externally. 
Lotion with Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, one oui 
one ounce. 
Elder-flower 
Powder of Oxide of Zinc. 
water, one fl. ounce and a half. Agitate together. In pustular erysipelas. Avgustin, 
R. Oxide of zinc, three grains. White sugar, five grains. 
Mix. One powder every four hours. Useful in gastric or spasmodic cough. A. T. Thomson. 
Ointment of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, one ou 
Compound Powder of Oxide of Zinc. R. Oxide of zinc, six grains. Extract of henbane, one grain. Oil of valerian, one drop. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Mix, and divide into nine powders. One, thrice a-day, in nervous disorders. Radius. 
one ounce. 
Lard, six ounces. Mix. U. S. Ph. 
A mild, astringent application, in chronic ophthalmia, and in excoriation and ulceration. 
Ointment of Impure Oxide of Zinc. (Tutty Ointment.) 
R. Oxide of zinc, one drachm. Powdered opium, ten grains. " Peruvian bark, " fennel, each, one ounce. Mix, and divide into fifty powders. One, every two hours, in hooping-cough. Augustin. 
R. Prepared tutty, 
one drachm. 
Lard, five drachms. 
Rub together. Pereira. 
Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and Opium. 
Powder of Oxide of Zinc and Colombo. 
R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. 
Fresh butter, one drachm. 
R. Oxide of zinc, four grains. Powdered Colombo, thirty grains. 
Powdered opium, one grain. 
Mix. In chronic ophthalmia. Henche. 


ZINCI CHLORIDUM 
471 
Ointment of Oxide of Zinc and Calomel. 
R. Oxide of zinc, half a drachm. Calomel, Powdered aloes, each, one grain. Fresh butter, two drachms. 
Mix. In scrofulous ophthalmia. Scarpa. 
Cerate of Oxide of Zinc and Lycopodium. 
R. Oxide of zinc, Lycopodium, each, fifteen grains. Simple cerate, half an ounce. 
Mix. In ulceration of the breasts, tetter, &c. Hufeland. 
ZINCI CHLORIDUM 
Chloride of Zinc. R. Zinc, in small pieces, two ounces and a half. Nitric acid, Prepared chalk, each, one drachm. Muriatic acid, sufficient. Add the zinc and muriatic acid together, in a glass vessel, and dissolve; strain, add the nitric acid, and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve in water, add the chalk, let rest for twenty-four hours, filter, and again evaporate. U. S. Ph. 
R. Solution of chloride of barium, at will. Solution of sulphate of zinc, sufficient 
to precipitate sulphate of baryta. Filter and evaporate the fluid to obtain crystals of chloride of zinc. Righini. 
Principally used externally, as a caustic and stimulant; also given internally, in very small doses, in the neuroses, &c. 
Chloride of Zinc. (Disinfectant.) R. Granulated zinc, four* pounds (av.) Muriatic acid, four pounds, or sufficient. Water, two gallons, two pints. Add the acid gradually to the zinc, in a glass or porcelain vessel, till it is dissolved, taking care there is no excess of acid; strain through a coarse cloth, and add the water. This contains one part of the chloride in twelve, and is of the strength for a disinfectant. E. Parrish. 
Ethereal Tincture of Chloride of Zinc. 
R. Chloride of zinc, four drachms. Alcohol, one fl. ounce. Sulphuric ether, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Five drops every four hours, in a little sugar and water, gradually increasing the dose, n chorea, epilepsy, &c. Hufeland. 
Lotion of Chloride of Zinc. R. Chloride of zinc, eight grains. Aloes, two scruples. Distilled water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to atonic and foul ulcers. Vogt 
Injection of Chloride of Zinc. R. Liquid chloride 
of zinc, twenty-four drops. Water, four fl. ounces. Mix, and filter. A small quantity to be injected a short distance into the urethra, two or three times a-day, in gleet. Gaudriot. 
Vaginal Suppository of Chloride of Zinc. 
R. Liquid chloride of zinc, five drops. Sulphate of morphia, half a graiu. 
Mix with three drachms of the follow, lg paste: Mucilage of tragacanth, six parts. White sugar, three parts. Starch, nine parts. 
Make a suppository. To be used every day, or every other day. Guadriot. 
Canquoin's Paste of Chloride of Zinc. 
No. 1. 
R. Chloride cSzinc, one part. Wheat flour, or sulphate of lime, four parts. Water, sufficient to make a paste. Mix. 
No. 2. 
R. Chloride of zinc, Wheat flour, Water, 
one part, three parts, suflicient. 
Mix. 
No. 3. 
R. Chloride of zinc, one part. Wheat flour, two parts. Water, sufficient 
Mix. 
The chloride and flour are to be carefully and quickly mixed; add the water to half the quantity, so as to form a soft paste, and mix with this the rest of the powder. Form into cakes of half a line to four lines in thickness. To remain on twenty-four hours, or more (six to ten are often sufficient). To produce an eschar in ca ncer, lupus, &c. Canquoin. 
R. Chloride of zinc, one parr. Chloride of antimony, half a part. Flour, two and a half part's. Water, sufficient. 


472 
ZINCI CYANURETUM —ZINCI IODIDUM. 
To be mixed as above, so as to be moulded into any desired form. As a caustic, in nodulated cancerous tumors. Canquoin. 
Powdered opium may be added to any of the above, to mitigate the pain. 
ZINCI CYANURETUM. 
Cyanuret of Zinc 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one part. Distilled water, ten parts. 
Dissolve ; add 
Solution of cyanuret of potassium, suflicient 
to form precipitate, being added by drops. Filter, wash the precipitate, and dry. Kunze. 
Used in spasmodic affections, &c, in doses of a twelfth to a quarter of a grain. 
Powder of Cyanuret of Zinc, 
R. Cyanuret of zinc, three grains. Magnesia, twenty-four grains. Powdered cinnamon, twelve grains. 
Mix, and divide into twelve powders. One, everv four hours, in nervous affections, &c. Guibourt. 
Pills of Cyanuret of Zinc. 
R. Cyanuret of zinc, fifteen grains. Extract of liquorice, <gf two drachms. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. One, three times a-day. Kopp. 
ZINCI FERROCYANURETUM. Ferrocyanuret of Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of potassium, sixty parts. Sulphate of zinc, eighty-three parts. Dissolve separately in boiling water, add the solutions together; collect the precipitate of ferrocyanuret of zinc, wash it well, and dry. Schindler. 
Given in doses of one grain, twice or thrice a-day, gradually increasing the quantity, in nervous affections, nocturnal pains, &c. 
Powder of Ferrocyanuret of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanuret of zinc, six grains. Magnesia, four grains. Powdered cinnamon, three grains. Mix. Every four hours, in nervous affections, cramp of the stomach, &c. Radius. 
The quantity of the salt of zinc is too large, ¦>ut it is thus ordered in various authors. 
Compound Pills op Ferrocyanuret op Zinc. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of zinc, fifteen grains. Powdered valerian, half a drachm. Extract of valerian, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. Two, morning and evening, in chorea. Rosensteil. 
R. Ferrocyanuret of zinc, ten grains. Magnesia, two scruples. Oil of valerian, twenty drops. Syrup of chamomile, five scruples. Powdered valerian, ten scruples. 
Mix, and make into three-grain pills. Six, three times a-day, gradually increasing. Vogt. 
Solution of Ferrocyanuret of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanuret of zinc, four grains. Distilled water, two fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful, four times a-day, in chorea. Radius. 
Mixture of Ferrocyanuret of Zinc. R. Ferrocyanuret of zinc, 
eight to twenty grains. Powdered gum Arabic, two drachms. Cherry water, three fl. ounces. Wine of opium, one fl. scruple. Cherry-laurel water, half a fl. ounce. 
Mix. As a collyrium, in scrofulous and rheumatic ophthalmia. Ammon. 
ZINCI IODIDUM. 
Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodine, one hundred and seventy parts. Powdered zinc, twenty parts. 
Heat in a matrass till the iodide sublimes. 
Magendie. 
R. Iodine, two parts Powdered zinc, one part. 
Digest in a little water, and agitate till the solution is colorless. Evaporate with a gentle heat. Beasley. 
Used externally. 
Ointment of Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodide of zinc, one drachm. Lard, one ounce. 
Mix. As a friction to tumors, &c. Ure. 
Collyrium of Iodide of Zinc. R. Iodide of zinc, four grains. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. 


473 
ZINCI ACETAS —ZINCI CARBONAS 
Solution op Iodide op Zinc. 
R. Iodide of zinc, ten to thirty grains. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. 
Dissolve. To be applied, by means of a sponge tied to a quill, to enlarged tonsils; to be followed, after some days' perseverance, by a saturated solution applied by a camel's hair brush. T. Ross. 
Syrup op Iodide of Zinc. 
R. Iodlue, four drachms. Powdered zinc, two drachms. "Water, four fl. ounces. 
Agitate till colorless; then filter into 
twelve fl. ounces. 
Syrup, 
Mix. A. T. Thomson. 
R. Iodine, twelve drachms, two scruples. Finely granulated zinc, one ounce. Sugar, (avoir.) one pound. Water, ' nine fl. ounces. 
Add the zinc and iodine to theyvater in an evaporating dish, and heat gently until the solution becomes colorless. Place the sugar in a wide-mouthed bottle, filter the hot solution into it, and add sufficient water to make a pint of syrup. Dissolve the sugar by a gentle heat. Each fl. ounce contains one drachm of iodide of zinc. A. B. Taylor. 
ZINCI ACETAS. 
Acetate of Zinc. 
R. Acetate of lead, one pound. Granulated zinc, nine ounces. Distilled water, three pints. 
Dissolve the acetate in the water, and filter. Add the zinc, and agitate occasionally, in a stopped bottle, till the liquid gives no precipitate with a solution of iodide of potassium. Filter, evaporate by a gentle heat to one-fifth, acidulate the solution by acetic acid, and set aside to crystallize. Decant, and dry the crystals on bibulous paper. If they are colored, dissolve in distilled water, heat, and drop into the hot solution precipitated carbonate of zinc, in successive portions, until a small quantity of the liquid passes colorless on filtration; filter, acidulate with a few drops of acetic acid, evaporate, and crystallize. 17. S. Ph. 
Used as an external application. 
Collyrium of Acetate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, 
Acetate of lead, each, six grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
Mix, and filter. 
Ellis. 
R. Acetate of zinc, 
fifteen to thirty grains. Distilled water, twelve .fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Ware, 
R. Sulphate of zinc, I one drachm. 
Acetate of lead, half a drachm. Camphor, one scruple. Rose water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix, and filter the solution. Spielmann. 
Injection of Acetate of Zinc. R. Acetate of zinc, eight grains. Rose water, four fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 
Lotion of Acetate of Zinc. R. Acetate of zinc, four scruples. Distilled vinegar, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. Beral. 
Tincture of Acetate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, 
Acetate of potassa, each, one part. Rub together, and add 
Diluted alcohol, sixteen parts. Macerate for a week, stirring occasionally, and filter. Dab. Ph., 1826. 
As a collyrium and injection, properly diluted. 
ZINCI CARBONAS. 
Carbonate of Zinc. 
Precipitated Carbonate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, 
Carbonate of soda, each, one pound. Boiling water, one gallon. 
Dissolve the salts separately in four pints of water, and mix the solutions; wash the precipitated carbonate, first by decantation, and afterwards on a filter; then press, and dry it. 17. S. Ph, 
Cerate of Carbonate of Zinc. R. Precipitated carbonate of zinc, two drachms. Simple ointment, ten drachms. 
Mix them. 17. S. Ph., 1850. R. Prepared carbonate of zinc, 
Yellow wax, each, half a pound. Lard, two pounds. 
Melt the lard and wax together, and when, on cooling, they begin to thicken, add the carbo. nate of zinc, and stir till cold. This latter cerate is now officinal under the name of ceratum calamines. (See page 153.) 
U. S. Ph., 1840 


474 
ZINCISULPHAS 
Much used as a dressing to excoriations, shallow ulcerations, &c. 
Plaster op Carbonate of Zinc. R. Simple plaster, 
Powdered carbonate of zinc, each, two pounds. Yellow wax, five ounces. Suet, 
Turpentine, each, one ounce and a half. 
Melt, and mix thoroughly. Van Mons. R. Prepared carbonate of zinc, 
White lead, each, one ounce and a half. 
Yellow wax, four ounces. Olive oil, six ounces. 
Melt the wax with the oil, and add the two powders, stirring well. To diminish a superabundant suppuration in ulcers. Cadet. 
ZINCI SULPHAS. 
Sulphate op Zinc. 
R. Zinc, in small pieces, four ounces. Sulphuric acid, six ounces. 
Distilled water, four pints. Introduce the zinc and water into a glass vessel, and add the sulphuric acid by degrees; when all effervescence has ceased, filter, boil to a pellicle, and set aside to crystallize. U. S. Ph. 
It is astringent, tonic, and, in large doses, a prompt and effective emetic. Dose, as a tonic, one to two grains; as emetic, ten to thirty. 
Pills of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, ten gr 
Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Conserve of roses, suflicient. 
Mix, and make twenty pills. One, three times a-day. In hooping-cough, &c. Ellis. 
Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Turpentine. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, two drachms. Venice turpentine, sufficient. 
Mix, and make sixty pills. As a tonic. Beasley, 
Pills of Sulphate of Zinc and Myrrh. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains. Powdered myrrh, one drachm and a half. 
Conserve of roses, sufficient. Mix, and make twenty pills. From two to four pills a-day, in hooping cough. Paris. 
Compound Pills op Sulphate op Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. Extract of gentian, eight grains. Syrup of ginger, sufficient. 
Mix, and make two pills, to be taken during the day, with two fl. drachms of iniusion of chamomile, in epilepsy. Ainslie. 
Solution op Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, two grains. Chamomile water, three fl. ounces. 
Dissolve. A spoonful, two or three times a-day, in chronic dysentery. Radius. 
Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. Acetate of lead, ten grains. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 
Water, five fl. ounces. 
Mix. As an application to the eyes in ophthalmia, after reduction of the inflammation. 
Gregory. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, six grains. Mucilage of quince seed, one fl. ounce. Distilled water, six fl. ounces. 
Spirit of camphor, five drops. 
Mix, and strain. Scarpa 
To be used as the last. 
Collyrium of Sulphate of Zinc and Camphor. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one scruple. Camphor water, Rose water, each, eight fl. ounces. 
Mix. Ainslie. 
Fomentation with Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachm and a half. 
Decoction of pomegranate bark, four pints. " Peruvian bark, two pints. Laudanum, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. As an application to external piles, and in vaginal gonorrhoea. Brera. 
Gargle of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one dract 
one drachm. 
Honey, half a fl. ounce. 
Tincture of myrrh, Brandy, each, one fl. ounce. 
Rose water, six fl. ounces. 
Mix. In ulcerations of gums, &c, occasioned by excessive salivation. Ellis 


ZINCI VALERIANAS —ZINGIBER. 
475 
Injection of Sulphate of Zinc. R. Sulphate of zinc, one drachi 
one drachm 
Camphor water, two fl. ounces. Water, two pints 
Mix. Swediaur. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, ten grains Powdered gum two drachms. Laudanum, one fl. drachm. 
Distilled water, eight fl. ounces Mix. In gonorrhoea. Ellis. 
Lotion of Sulphate of Zinc. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, sixteen grains. Rose water, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Mix. Beral. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, half a drachm. Water, Lead water, each, half a pint. 
Mix. Beasley. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, four scruples. Distilled vinegar, one pint. 
Mix. Beral. 
Sulphate of Zinc Mixture. 
R. Sulphate of zinc, one grain. Decoction of cas- 
carilla, twelve fl. drachms. Simple syrup, four fl. drachms. 
Mix, to be divided into four doses, one to be taken three times a-day, in hooping-cough. Ainslie. 
ZINCI VALERIANAS. 
Valerianate of Zinc. R. Fresh valerian 
root, one hundred parts. Water, five hundred parts. Sulphuric acid, ten parts. Richromate of potassa, six parts. 
Macerate the coarsely-powdered valerian in the water, to which have been added the sulphuric acid and the bichromate, for twenty-four hours; then introduce the mixture into a still, and apply heat, returning the first fourth of the product to the still; the process is then to be continued, until the distilled water ceases to redden litmus paper. The product is then to be placed in a large matrass, and an excess of pure hydrated carbonate of zinc is to be added, and allowed to digest at 190° F., for three or four hours, on a sand-bath, taitil saturated. The solution is then to be filtered and evaporated over a naked fire, till reduced to fifty parts, then placed on plates, and suffered to evaporate in a drying-room, or by a moderate temperature. Lefort. 
R. Contused valerian, thirty-two ounces. Water, eight pounds. Sulphuric acid, three ounces. 
Macerate for two days, and distil as long as the product reddens litmus paper. Expose to the air for a month, then put it in a matrass with two hundred and twenty-five grains of recentlyprepared oxide of zinc, and digest on a sandbath for eight or ten hours, at 175° F., agitating occasionally; filter whilst hot, evaporate to th ree-fourths, and dry the residue on earthen plates. Buisson. 
R. Valerianate of 
soda, two ounces and a half. Sulphate of zinc, two ounces and seven drachms. Water, two pints. 
Dissolve each salt in one-half of the water, and raise both solutions to the temperature of 200° F.; then mix them, and skim off the crystals as they are formed. A farther quantity of crystals can be obtained by concentrating the mixture to four fl. ounces. Wash the crystals with cold water to separate the sulphate of soda, then drain on a filter, and dry. Dub. Ph. 
Has been recommended as a powerful tonic and antispasmodic, in neuralgia and hysteria, but has not been sufficiently tried to ascertain its true powers. Dose, one to two grains. 
Pills of Valerianate of Zinc. R. Valerianate of zinc, nine grains. Tragacanth, thirty grains. Mix, and make twelve pills. One, morning and evening, in nervous headache, &c. Devay. 
Mixture of Valerianate of Zinc. R. Valerianate of 
zinc, one grain and a half. Distilled 
water, five fl. drachms. Syrup, one fl. ounce. 
Mix. A tablespoonful every half hour. Devay. 
ZINGIRER. 
Ginger. 
The rhizome of Zingiber officinale, a small herbaceous, perennial plant, a native of the East Indies. 
Sex. Syst. Monand. monog. Nat. Syst. Zingiberaceae. Roscoe, Trans. Linn. Soc. viii. 348. Griffith, Med. Bot. 629. 
The rhizome, or root, is creeping, knotty, lobated or palmated, and fleshy; with an agreeable, pungent, camphoraceous odor, and an aromatic, acrid, burning taste. Two kinds are met 


476 
ZINGIBER. 
t 
with in commerce, the black and the white; the first consists of the roots, scalded in hot water and dried ; the second is also composed of the roots, but deprived of their epidermis previous to desiccation. Ginger contains a volatile oil, a soft, acrid resin, some gum, various salts, and the usual vegetable constituents. It is stimulating, somewhat acrid, aromatic, and stomachic. It is given in doses of ten grains to a scruple, or more. 
Infusion of Ginger. 
R. Rruised ginger, half an ounce. Roiling water, one pint. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain. 
Dose, a wineglassful. 17, S, Ph. 
Ginger Lozenges. 
R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. " sugar, fourteen ounces. Gum tragacanth, Water, each, twelve drachms. Mix well, and form lozenges of sixteen grains each. Soubeiran. 
Ginger Reer. 
R. Sugar, three pounds. Bruised ginger, two ounces. Cream of tartar, one ounce. 
Lemons, sliced, four. Yeast, eight fl. ounces. Boiling water, four gallons. 
Pour the water on the four first-named ingredients, infuse for two hours, and strain; then add the yeast, and, when fermentation has commenced, pour into strong bottles, and wire down the corks. Redwood. 
R. White sugar, twenty pounds. Lemon juice, eighteen fl. ounces. Honey, one pound. Bruised ginger, twenty-two ounces. Water, eighteen gallons. 
Boil the ginger in three gallons of the water for half an hour; add the sugar, lemon juice, and honey, with the remainder of the water, and strain; when cold, add the white of an egg, ind half a fl. ounce of essence of lemon; let rest for four days, and bottle. Pereira. 
Syrup of Ginger. 
R Tincture of ginger, four fl. ounces. Water, four pints. Sugar, ten pounds. 
Mix the tincture with four pounds of sugar, and expose the mixture, in a shallow dish, to a gentle heat, until the alcohol has evaporated. Add the residue of the sugar, and then the water, in a covered vessel; heat gradually, till the sugar is dissolved, and strain. U. S. Ph. 
Mr. Joseph Lnidley proposes, as an improvement, the addition of the whites of two or three eggs, beat up with a small quantity of water, to the syrup. The whole is then to be boiled for two minutes, and strained through flannel. By this method the syrup is rendered beautifully clear. J. Laidley. 
R. Tincture of ginger, two fl. ounces. Carbonate-of magnesia, two drachms. Sugar, (avoir), one pound and a half. Water, twelve fl. ounces. 
Rub the tincture with the carbonate of magnesia and two ounces of the sugar, in powder, gradually add the water, and filter. The remainder of the sugar is then dissolved in the filtered liquid by means of a gentle heat. J. D. Firdey. 
Tincture of Ginger. 
R. Ginger, bruised, eight ounces. Alcohol, two pints. 
Macerate for fourteen days, express, and filter through paper. This tincture may also be prepared by displacement. t7. S 1 . .Ph. 
Dose, half to one fl. drachm. 
Oil of Ginger. 
R. Ginger, one part. Water, six parts. Digest for five or six days; distil, and collect the oil. 
EthEreal Extract of Ginger. R. Ginger, four ounces. Sulphuric ether, six ounces. Treat the powdered ginger with the ether, in a displacement apparatus, and evaporate the product by means of a water-bath. One part corresponds to sixteen of ginger. Beral. 
Tincture of Ethereal Extract of Ginger. 
R. Ethereal extract of ginger, one part. Alcohol (.825), fifteen parts. 
Dissolve. . Beral. 
Syrup op Ethereal Extract of Ginger. 
R. Ethereal extract of ginger, one scrup 1 ' Syrup, one ounr/*. 
Dissolve, and strain, after twenty-four how, a' digestion. Beral. 
Essence of Ginger. R. Jamaica ginger, fou Prench brandy, 
four ounces. 
one pint. 


( 
477 
ADDENDA 
Powder the ginger coarsely, moisten it with the brandy, put it in a displacer, and pour the remainder of the brandy on it; when it ceases to pass, add diluted alcohol, till one pint has passed in all. 
ii. Bruised Jamaica 
ginger, twelve pounds. Alcohol, two gallons and a half. 
Digest fourteen days, express, strain, and reduce by distillation, to one gallon. Cool, and filter. A most excellent preparation. Cooley. 
R. Powdered ginger, " animal char- 
coal, equal parts. Alcohol, • sufficient. 
Moisten the powders for twenty-four hours, with sufficient alcohol to cover them; then 
transfer to a percolator, and return the first runnings two or three times. Change the receiver, and gradually pour on alcohol, as required, until as much essence is obtained as there was ginger employed. Cooley. 
Spice Plaster 
R. Powdered ginger, two ounces. " cloves, " cinnamon, each, one ounce. " red pepper, two drachms. Tincture of ginger, half an ounce. Honey, sufficient. 
Mix the powders; add the tincture, and suffi cient honey to make of proper consistence for a stiff cataplasm. W. Procter. 
ADDENDA. 
Fleming's Tincture of Aconite. R. Powdered aconite root, 
(troy) sixteen ounces. Rectified spirit, sixteen fl. ounces. 
Macerate, for four days, then pack in a percolator, and add rectified spirit until twenty-four fl. ounces of tincture are obtained. 
Dose, two to three minims, as an anodyne. Pereira. 
Acoustic Balsam. 
R. Compound tincture of benzoin, Tincture of castor, " opium, each, one fl. ounce. Essential oil of assafetida, five drops. Mix. Cooley. 
R. Tincture of ambergris, " assafetida, 
" castor, " opium, each, one fl. ounce. Terebinthinated balsam of sulphur, Oil of rue, each, fifteen drops. 
Mix. One or two drops are poured into the ear, or a piece of wool moistened therewith is introduced, in cases of atonic deafness. Bourne". 
Under this title will he found a few articles belonging to the Formulary proper, together with a large number of practical receipts, which could not have been introduced, with propriety, under any of the officinal heads. 
ANATOMICAL INJECTIONS. 
I. For Preserving the Body. 
A. Molasses Injection. 
R. Roiling water, two gallons. Common salt, sufficient 
to saturate. 
Nitre, two to four ounces. Molasses, four ounces. Mix together, and boil for a few minutes. The proportions of nitre and molasses are variable. This injection penetrates well, and it will preserve the body long enough for dissecting purposes. 
B. Chloride of Zinc Injection. 
R. Commercial muriatic acid, ten pounds. Add gradually 
Scrap zinc, more than suflicient to neutralize the acid. This solution is extremely concentrated and acrid. Where the body is to be kept during the summer months, the Editor deems it advisable to throw the undiluted solution into the aorta, until the fluid oozes from an incision made into the cellular tissue of one of the toes. About half a gallon is usually required to effect this object. In winter, one to three pints, diluted with water, will answer. 


478 
ADDENDA 
As a mere preservative, nothing can surpass this injection ; but it is open to the serious objection of' bleaching the tissues. 
C. Nitrate of Lead Injection, 
R. Nitric acid, ten pounds. Powdered litharge, more than sufficient 
to saturate. 
M x. One to two pints of this fluid may be advantageously added to a solution of salt containing a little nitre. The mixture forms a good preservative injection; giving a rusty, rather than a bleached appearance to the tissues. 
D. Method of Preserving a Corpse. R. Corrosive sublimate, sufficient to saturate 
Alcohol, three pints. This mixture is to be thrown into the aorta. To be followed daily for three successive days by the same quantity of a saturated solution of the acetate of alumina. The surface of the body is to be frequently washed with the latter solution. By this method, the natural appearance of the body may be retained for a week. W. R. Grant. 
E. Gannal's Injection. 
R. Sulphate of alumina, two pounds. Acetate of lead, half a pound. 
Dissolve the salts, separately, in water, mix the solutions, and filter. The body is to be injected with six pints of this fluid, by one of the large arteries. Dorvault. 
II. Por Arterial and Venous Preparations. 
A. For Coarse objects. R Tallow, 
Resin, Yellow wax, equal parts. 
Melt over a slow fire, and add sufficient red lead, or vermilion to color. 
R. Wax, sixteen ounces. Resin, eight ounces. Turpentine varnish, eight ounces. Vermilion, one ounce. 
Melt the wax and resin, stirring in the varnish and vermilion. 
This injection is liable to melt in warm weather, thus giving a flattened appearance to the blood vessels. 
R. Tallow, two pounds. Magnesia, half an ounce. Vermilion, one ounce. 
Melt the tallow, and stir in the magnesia and vermilion. 
This, like the two former injections, is thrown in hot. The following is used cold, and hence is called the cold paint injection. 
R. White lead, well ground, two pounds Turpentine varnish, twelve drachms. Linseed oil, six ounces. 
Grind the white lead and varnish together, add the oil, and rub to the consistence of cream ; in which state it is to be thrown into the arteries. 
Dublin Dissector. 
B. For Fine Preparations. 
R. Lead, five parts. Melt, and add Bismuth, eight parts. Tin, three parts. Mercury, two parts. Melt. This liquid amalgam is used for injecting the kidneys and other organs. Francis. R. Glue, one ounce. Dissolve, and add Strong size, one pint, Vermilion, or other coloring matter, one ounce and a half. Mix. Francis. R. Canada balsam, one pound. Vermilion, sufficient to color. Mix intimately. Dorvault. 
C. For Preserving Specimens. 
In the anatomical museums of this country, it is customary to use aloohol in the preservation of specimens. For the brain, nerve-matter, and ligaments, strong alcohol is employed. For other parts, a mixture of two parts of alcohol, and one of water is found to answer. 
The following are possessed of much merit, as preservative fluids: 
R. Saturate water with sulphurous acid, and add a little creasote. 
Cooley. 
R. Powdered corrosive sublimate, 
two drachms. 
Alcohol, one pint. 
Mix, dissolve, and decant after twenty-four hours. Francis Goadby's Solutions. 
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3. 
Salt, 4 oz. 4 oz. 8 oz. Alum, 2 oz. 2 oz. Corrosive sublimate, 2 grs 3 grs. 2 grs. Water, 2 pts. 4 pts. 2 pts. 
Mr. Goad by usually employs No. 1; but for delicate preparations that might be injured by a concentrated solution, he substitutes No. 2. As alum decomposes osseous matter, No. 3 is used when the tissues contain carbonate of lime. 


ADDEN DA 
479 
No. 4. No. 5. 
Salt, 8 oz. 8 oz. 
Corrosive sublimate, 15 grs. Arsenious acid, 15 grs. 15 grs. Water, 2 pints. 2 pints. 
These solutions are used for old and soft preparations. Dorvault. 
Fluid Extract of Black Snakeroot. 
R. Black snakeroot, powdered, (troy) eight ounces. Alcohol, one pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Macerate the root in the alcohol for twenty-four hours, then transfer to a percolator, add diluted alcohol until a pint of tincture is obtained, and allow this to evaporate spontaneously to one fl. ounce. Displace the dregs with diluted alcohol, until half a pint of tincture has passed. Evaporate the latter tincture, water-bath, to four fl. ounces, add six ounces of sugar, dissolve, and stir in the concentrated alcoholic tincture. The whole measures half a pint. W. J. Watson. Dose, half a teaspoonful. 
In practice this is found to be too consistent. It is therefore better to concentrate the tinctures to a pint, instead of half a pint. 
R. Black snakeroot, in coarse powder, (troy) sixteen ounces. Alcohol, one pint. Ether, half a pint. Diluted alcohol, sufficient. 
Introduce the powder into a percolator for volatile liquids, add the alcohol and ether; allow the percolation to take place by drops, and, as soon as the menstruum disappears above, add diluted alcohol until the filtered tincture measures one pint and a half. Let this evaporate in a capsule to half a pint. Add diluted alcohol to the dregs in the percolator until two pints more of tincture are obtained. Evaporate this on a water-bath to eight fl. ounces, mix gradually with the first product, let stand for a few hours, filter, and add alcohgl, if necessary, to make a Pint. W. Procter, Jr. 
Extract of Rlack Snakeroot. 
A solid extract of the root can readily be prepared by the above process, by continuing the evaporation on a water-bath. Eight grains of this extract represent a drachm of the root. 
W. Procter, Jr. 
Blacket's Tincture of Belladonna. R. Extract of belladonna, ten drachms. Proof spirit, one pound. Macerate, dissolve, and strain. Dose, two or three minims, as an anodyne. 
Lond. Ph. Jour. 
Blacking. 
No. 1. 
R. Ivory black, twelve ounces. Treacle, four ounces. Sperm oil, one ounce. 
Vinegar, two pints. Oil of vitriol, (by weight) two ounces. 
Mix the first three ingredients, and add the vinegar gradually, stirring after each addition; add the oil of vitriol very carefully, stirring constantly until the effervescence ceases. 
Lond. Ph. Jour. 
No. 2. 
R. Ivory black, Treacle, each, twelve ounces. Sperm oil, Oil of vitriol, each, three ounces. Vinegar, four pints. 
Mix the ivory black, treacle, and vinegar to gether; then mix the sperm oil and oil of vitriol separately, and add them to the other mixture. 
Redwood. 
No. 3.— (Liquid.) R. Ivory black, in fine powder, 
one pound. Treacle, three-fourths of a pound. Sweet oil, two ounces. Beer, Vinegar, each, one pint. Rub the first three together until uniformly mixed, then add the beer and vinegar. Cooley. 
No. 4.— (Paste.) 
R. Ivory black, in powder, 
one pound and a quarter. Treacle, one pound. Sweet oil, two ounces. 
Rub together till well mixed, then add Vinegar, sufficient 
to form a paste. Cooley. 
Blacking for Grates. 
R. Asphaltum, Melt and add 
four pounds. 
Linseed oil, Oil of turpentine, 
two pounds, one gallon. 
Mix. 
Gray. 
Boot Composition. 
R. Boiled linseed oil, one pint. Oil of turpentine, Black resin, Wax, each, three ounces 
Melt the wax and resin together, and stir in the boiled oil; then remove the pot from the fire, and when it has cooled a little, add the turpen 
tir-e, and mix. 
Cooley 


480 
ADDENDA 
R. Caoutchouc, 
two drachms. 
Mineral naphtha, two ounces. Asphaltum, Ivory black, each, half an ounce. Oil of turpentine, one ounce. 
Dissolve the caoutchouc in the naphtha, and the asphaltum in the turpentine; mix the two solutions, and add the ivory black. Lond. Ph. Jour. 
Both of these compositions are reputed to be water-Droof. 
Bug Poison. 
No. 1. 
R. Alcohol, one hundred and twenty 
parts. Camphor, two parts. Oil of turpentine, four parts. Corrosive sublimate, one part. 
Mix and dissolve. Dorvault. No. 2. 
R. Coal-tar naphtha, Oil of turpentine, equal parts. 
Mix. Redwood. No. 3. For Roaches and Ants. 
R. Arsenic, in powder, one part. Mashed potatoes, three parts. 
Mix. 
No. 4. 
For Roaches, Rats, Mice, &c. 
R. Phosphorus, eight parts. Tepid water, Rye meal, Butter, each, one hundred and eighty 
parts. Sugar, one hundred and twenty-five 
parts 
Liquefy the phosphorus in the tepid water in a bottle, and mix it in a mortar with the rye meal; when cold,add the butter and sugar,and mix them all thoroughly together. Gray. 
No. 5. For Flies, &c. 
R. Rasped quassia, two drachms. Roiling water, one pint. 
Boil together for a few minutes, strain, and add Molasses, four fl. ounces. 
Mix. Dorvault, 
Cements. Diamond Cement. 
R. Isinglass, two drachms. Sprinkle it with water, and, when soft, dissolve it in the smallest possible quantity of proof spirit by a moderate heat 
R. Mastich, 
one drachm. 
Rectified spirit, three fl. drachms. 
Dissolve. Mix the two solutions, and stir in one drachm of powdered ammoniac rubbed down with a little water. Keep the cement in a bottle. When wanted for use, plunge the bottle in warm water to soften the cement, which is applied in thin layers on the fractured surfaces, and the pieces are to be held in firm contact till cool. 
Used for setting jewelry, mending china, &c. Lond. Pharm. Jour. 
Cement for China and Stoneware. 
Gelatine is allowed to swell in cold water, the jelly is warmed, and so much freshly-slaked lime is added as is necessary to thicken the mass. A thin coating of this cement is applied warm to the gently-heated surface, and the pieces are held together under strong pressure. Heller. 
R. Whites of eggs, at will. quicklime, sufficient 
to thicken. Used for mending china, &c.; but it does not resist moisture. 
R. Shellac, at will. 
Alcohol, sufficient 
to form a liquid of the consistence of molasses. This is an excellent cement. 
Cement for the Laboratory. 
R. Resin, five pounds. Dry red ochre, in fine Wax, each, one pound. Plaster of Paris, two to four ounces. 
Melt the resin and wax, add the ochre, and, lastly, the plaster. Mix well together. (Singer. 
Luting for Bottles, &c. 
Melt common resin and yellow wax together, and add red ochre in small quantities, and when of the proper consistence, boil for six or eight minutes; add a small quantity of oil of turpentine, and stir well with ajspatula. The proportions of the different constituents vary, the luting being more or less brittle, or elastic, as the ochre prevails. Francis. 
R. Flour, Whiting, each, ten parts. Common salt, one part. 
Mix and add sufficient water to make a paste. This is used by the distillers of spirituous liquors. Francis. 
R. Sal ammoniac, Whiting, equal parts. Water, suflicient 
to form a paste. This forms a good lute. 
Francis. 


481 
ADDENDA 
R. Common clay, Whiting, equal parts. Water, sufficient 
to form a paste. This lute will stand a high heat. Francis. 
Cold Cream. 
R. Rose water, half a fl. ounce. Oil of almonds, two fl. ounces. 
Spermaceti, half an ounce. 
White wax, one drachm. 
Melt the oil, spermaceti, and wax, by means of a water-bath ; then add the rose water, and stir till cold. This keeps better than the officinal ointment B. Canavan. 
Colors for Show-bottles. 
Blue. 
R. Sulphate of copper, Alum, each, one ounce. 
Water, two pints. Sulphuric acid, half an ounce. 
Mix, and dissolve. 
R. Prussian blue, ten grains. Oxalic acid, twenty grains. Water, one pint. 
Dissolve. 
R. A. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of copper, and ammonio-nitrate of nickel (prepared by dissolving nickel in diluted nitric acid, and adding ammonia in excess), in water. B. Dissolve the sulphate of indigo in 
water. 
C. Dissolve Prussian blue in diluted muriatic acid, and dilute with water. 
Purple. R. Verdigris, two drachms. Spirit of hartshorn, four ounces. Water, one pint and a half. Mix. 
R. Sulphate of copper, one ounce Carbonate of ammonia, 
one ounce and a half. 
Water, two pints and a half. 
Mix. 
R. Infusion of logwood, two pints. Spirit of hartshorn, sufficient 
to produce the desired hue. Mix. 
Lilac. 
R. Add carbonate of ammonia to a solution of nitrate of cobalt, until the precipitate first formed is rc-dissolved; adding ammonio-sulphate of copper to bring out the desired tint. 
21 
R. Dissolve zaffre (impure oxide of cobalt) in muriatic acid, filter, aud add carbonate of ammonia in excess ; to this add ammonio-sulphate of copper, until the required color is produced. 
Orange. 
R. Dissolve bichromate of potassa in water till the desired tint is obtained. 
A little sulphuric acid is sometimes added. 
Yellow. 
R. Bichromate of potassa, six drachms. Carbonate of potassa, four drachms. Water, sixteen ounces. 
Mix. 
Red. 
R. A. Color the spirit of hartshorn, or an aqueous solution of sal ammoniac with cochineal. 
B. Add vinpgar to red-beet liquor, or to red-cabbage liquor. C. Dissolve carmine in the solution of 
ammonia, and dilute with water. 
Green. 
R. A. Dissolve three ounces of verdigris in sulphuric acid, and add four pints of water. 
B. Dissolve one ounce of nickel in six ounces of nitric acid, and add fivo pints of water. Q. Dissolve ammonio-sulphate of copper in water, aud add bichromato of potassa, until the required color is produced. 
Fluid Extract of Cubebs. 
R. Powdered cubebs, one pound. Sulphuric ether, \ Alcohol, • > each, sufficient. Water, ) 
Pack the cubebs in a displacement funnel, cover with a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and ether, close the top and bottom of the funnel, and let stand for twenty-lbur hours. Then remove the cork, and, after the dropping has ceased, add alcohol until a pint of tincture is obtained. Set this aside in a shallow vessel, and permit it to evaporate spontaneously to onehalf. Obtain a second pint of tincture by displacing with diluted alcohol, and permit threefourths of it to evaporate spontaneously. Obtain a third pint by displacing with water, and allow it to evaporate one-fourth. To the three products, amounting to one pint and a half, add another pint of fluid obtained by again dis placing the cubebs with water. Transfer the two pints and a half of fluid to a proper bottle, 


482 
ADDENDA 
* 

and dissolve in it sixteen ounces of sugar, making the whole measure three pints. One fl. drachm is equal to a scruple of the powder. B. Canavan. 
Dentifrice. 
No. 1. 
R. Powdered tormentilla, eighty parts. " orris root, forty parts. Cream of tartar, twenty parts. Fused chloride of calcium, four parts. Reduce the chloride rapidly to powder, and mix it with the other ingredients. Hainault. 
No. 2. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, one ounce. « rha'tan'y, \ half aD « orris ruot,) ounce - 
Mix carefully. 
No. 3. 
R. Powdered Peruvian bark, 
" myrrh, each, half an ounce. " charcoal, two ounces. 
Mix. 
Depilatories, 
No. 1. 
R. Sulphuret of sodium, three parts. Quick lime, in powder, ten parts. Starch, ten parts. 
Mix. Rub a little of this powder with water, apply it to the part, and remove the hair in a minute or two with a wooden knife. 
F. Boudet. 
No. 2. 
R. To a strong solution of sulphuret of barium, add sufficient powdered starch to make a paste. It is used like the preceding. Redwood. 
Eau de Pagliari. 
R. Tincture of benzoin, eight fl. ounces. Alum, one pound. Water, ten pounds. 
Mix. This preparation is said to possess an extraordinary power of coagulating the blood. Sedillot. 
Mixtures for Colored Fires. 
Red Fire. 
R. Dried nitrate of strontia, \j 
seventy-two parts. Sulphur, twenty parts. Gunpowder, eight parts. 
Coal dust, 
two parts. 
Mix. This mixture is liable to spontaneous explosion. Redwood. 
Redwood. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Carbonate of strontia, 
twenty-three parts. 
Mix the powders with the hand. Marchand. Yellow Fire. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. 
Dry soda, twenty-three parts. 
Mix. Marchand. 
R. Dried nitrate of 
soda, seventy-four and a half parts. Sulphur, nineteen and a half parts. Charcoal, six parts. 
Mix. Gray. Blue Fire. 
R. Nitre, five parts. Sulphur, two parts. Metallic antimony, one part. 
Mix. Gray. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, sixty-one parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Strongly-calcined alum, twenty-three parts. 
Mix. Marchand. 
Green Fire. 
R. Chlorate of po- 
tassa, seventy-three parts. Sulphur, seventeen parts. Boracic acid, ten parts. 
tassa, 
Mix. Marchand. 
Violet Fire. 
R. Chlorate of potassa, sixty parts. Sulphur, sixteen parts. Carbonate of potassa, twelve parts. Alum, twelve parts. 
Mix. Marchand. 
White Fire 
R. Nitre, forty-six and a half parts. Sulphur, twenty-three parts. Gunpowder, twelve and a half parts. Zinc powder, eighteen parts. 
Mix. Gray. 
Liquid Glue. 
R. Glue, two pounds and a half. Water, two pints and a quarter. 
Dissolve in a water-bath, and add gradually Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.32), seven 
ounces. 
Remove from the fire, and stand aside to cool. This glue keeps well, and is used for a va- 
riety of purposes. 
Dumoulin. 


483 
ADDENDA 
Marine Glue. 
R. Caoutchouc, two to four parts. Coal-tar naphtha, thirty-four parts. 
Mix, dissolve by heat, and add 
Powdered shellac, sixty-four parts. Heat gently, and stir till uniformly mixed; then pour out on plates to harden. 
When used, it is necessary to heat the cement to 248° F. and apply it with a brush. 
The union made by this cement is very durable. Dorvault. 
INKS. 
Rlack Ink. 
R. Chipped logwood, twenty-two pounds. Boiling water, suflicient 
to yield fourteen gallons of filtered decoction. When cold, add, very gradually, 
Yellow chromate of potassa, suflicient to obtain the required color. 
This ink does not corrode steel pens. Runge. 
R. Powdered extract of 
logwood, (avoir.) twelve ounces. Bichromate of potassa, half an ounce. Water, five gallons. Dissolve the ingredients separately in water, and mix them. 
In a short time, the ink will be fit for use. 
W. H. Pile. 
Blue Ink. 
R. Dissolve Prussian blue in an aqueous solution of oxalic acid. 
Lond. Pharm. Jour. 
R. Dissolve indigo in sulphuric acid, and add water, to produce the proper shade. As much potassa is to be added as the liquid will bear without dropping its color. 
Cooley. 
Red Ink 
R. Pure carmine, twelve grains. Water of ammonia, three ouuees. 
Dissolve, and add 
Powdered gum, eighteen grains. Mix. 
Where expense constitutes an objection, half a drachm of powdered drop-lake may be substituted for the powdered carmine. 
Buchner's Reperl. R. Brazil wood, four ounces. Alum, two ounces. Distilled water, two pints. 
Boil for fifteen minutes, and strain; then add 
Powdered gum Arabic, one ounce. Mix, and bottle for use. Gray. 
Indelible Ink. 
R. Nitrate of silver, two drachms. Gum Arabic, one drachm. Distilled water, one fl. ounce. Indian ink, suflicient to color. 
Mix, and dissolve. 
R. Carbonate of soda, in crystals, two ounces. Gum Arabic, two drachms. 
Water, four fl. ounces. Mix. 
The place to be marked is moistened with the last solution, and dried. It is then to be marked with a pen dipped in the first solution, and afterwards exposed to the rays of the sun; and washed after twenty-four hours. U. S. Di$p. 
Fluid Extract of Ipecacuanha. R. Powdered ipecacu- 
anha, (troy) eight ounces. Alcohol (.835), twelve fl. ounces. 
Mix, and set aside for twelve hours. Then add sufficient alcohol to make it of the consistence of syrup, and introduce into a displacer, in which it gradually settles down as the alcohol percolates. A piece of muslin is then to be laid on the surface, and alcohol is to be added until the filtered liquid measures half a gallon. Reserve the first half pint that comes through; then distil and evaporate the remainder to eight fl. ounces, to which the reserved half pint is to be added. 
A fl. drachm represents half a drachm of the root. Jos. Laidley. 
Syrup op Ipecacuanha. R. Fluid extract of ipecacuanha, eight fl. ounces* Simple syrup, four pints. Mix, and evaporate to three pints. Then add 
Simple syrup, ' four pints Water, one pint. Mix. If the solution should not be clear, it may be clarified by beating the white of an egg with the water before adding to the syrup, then boiling for a few minutes, and straining. Jos. Laidley. 
Preparations of Iron. Saccharine Carbonate of Iron and Manganese. 
R. Finely-powdered sulphate of iron, three ounces, one drachm. Carbonate of soda, five ounces 


484 
ADDENDA 
it 
Sulphate of manganese, one ounce, one scruple. Powdered 
sugar, two ounces and a half. Dissolve each of the first three ingredients in a pint and a half of water, and mix the solutions. Collect the precipitate on a cloth filter, and wash it immediately with cold water; squeeze out as much water as possible, and, without delay, triturate the pulp with the sugar. Dry it at a temperature of 120° F. 
Dose, five grains, gradually increased to a scruple, three times a-day. T. S. Speer. 
Syrup op Proto-Nitrate op Iron. R. Nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.42), 
two fl. ounces. 
Carbonate of lime, suflicient to saturate. Filter, and wash the filter with sufficient water to make the solution measure three fl. ounces. 
R. Proto-sulphate of iron, in crystals, fourteen hundred and eighty-five grains. Water, ten fl. ounces. Mix, dissolve, and filter. Mix the two solutions, and pour immediately on a muslin filter, stretched across one end of a glass percolator. Allow the filtrate to fall upon two pounds of sugar. Dissolve without heat, and add water to make the syrup measure thirty fl. ounces. Each fl. ounce contains thirty-two grains of the proto-nitrate of iron. T. Lancaster. 
Compound Syrup op Phosphate op Iron 
R. Proto-sulphate of iron, four drachms and two 
scruples. Crystallized phosphate of soda, seven drachms and a half. Phosphate of potassa, two drachms. Freshly-precipitated phosphate of lime, four drachms. Glacial phosphoric acid, one ounce. Sugar, in coarse powder, eight ounces. Water, suflicient. 
Dissolve the sulphate of iron, and five and a half drachms of the phosphate of soda, severally, in three fl. ounces of the water, and mix the solutions. Wash the precipitate with (cold) boiled water, mix it with the phosphate of lime and half a pint of water, in a porcelain capsule, apply heat, gradually add the phosphoric acid, continuing the heat until a clear solution is obtained, and dissolve in it seven (troy) ounces of the sugar. Then dissolve the phosphate of potassa, iwo drachms of the phosphate of soda, and an ounce of sugar, in a fl. ounce of water; acidulato the solution with phosphoric acid, and add it to the syrupy solution first obtained. 
Then add forty drops of muriatic acid to remove the cloudiness of the mixture. 
A teaspoonful containsone and two-fifths grains of proto-phosphate of iron, two and a half grains of phosphate of lime, one and one-fifth grains of each of the alkaline phosphates, and four and a half grains of free phosphoric acid; which may be considered the dose. T. S. Wiegand. 
Jackson's Pectoral Lozenges. R. Powdered ipecacuanha, ten grains. Precipitated sulphuret of antimony, five grains. Muriate of morphia, six grains. Powdered gum Arabic,, , (( & ' f each, eleven sugar, >¦ (j rac hms. " liquorice, ) Oil of sassafras, four drops. Tincture of Tolu, four fl. drachms. Syrup, suflicient. Mix, and divide into two hundred lozenges. S. Jackson, 
Jackson's Pectoral Syrup. 
R. Sassafras pith, one drachm. Gum Arabic, one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Macerate twelve hours, then add 
Sugar, twenty-one ounce"'. Dissolve without heat, strain, and add 
Muriate of morphia, eight grains. Mix carefully, and add water sufficient to make the whole measure two pints. Dose, a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, every three hours. S. Jackson. 
Kirkland's Neutral Cerate. R. Lead plaster, eight ounces. Olive oil, four ouuees. 
Melt, and, while fluid, add 
four ounces. 
Prepared chalk, 
Stir, until sufficiently cooled, then add 
four fl. ounces. 
Acetic acid, 
Acetate of lead, three drachms. Mix. Paris. 
Paria. 
Ledoyen's Disinfecting Liquid. R. Nitrate of lead, (prepared by dissolving litharge in diluted nitric acid), one part. Water, eight parts. Mix, and dissolve. Used to correct noxious effluvia, &.c. Pereira. 
Medicated Waters. 
R. Any essential oil, two drachms. Precipitated chalk, one ounce 


485 
ADDENDA 
» 
Alcohol, two fl. ounces. Distilled water, one gallon. 
Rub the oil with the chalk, then add the spirit gradually, and when completely dissolved, pour in the water by degrees; let it stand three minutes, and filter through close paper. Mr. John Fordred affirms that chalk is decidedly preferable to the carbonate of magnesia, in preparing medicated waters. Lond. Pharm. Jour. 
Extemporaneous Preparation op Medicated Waters. 
R. Any essential oil, two drops. Carbonate of magnesia, six grains. 
Rub together, and add gradually 
Water, one fl. ounce. Filter the solution through bibulous paper. 
Process for Coating Pills. 
R. Flaxseed, one part. White sugar, three parts. Distilled water, suflicient. 
Pour the boiling water on the seed to extract the mucilage, separate the thick mucilage, add the sugar, and carefulty drive off the whole of the moisture by evaporation. Reduce the dried mucilage to powder, in which the pills (having been previously moistened,) arc to be rolled until covered with a layer of the compound. Calloud. 
R. Butter of cacao, at will. Melt. Throw the prepared pills into the melted butter, then remove them with a perforated skimmer, and roll them in powdered sugar, or sugar of milk. Calloud. 
Pastilles de Paris. 
R. Powdered cubebs, one ounce and a half. 
" gum Arabic, one ounce. " liquorice, " sugar, each, four ounces. Oil of lemon, fifty drops. 
Mix, and make lozenges of eight grains. 
Pomatum. 
R. Beef marrow, seventeen drachms. Nervine balsam, 
(see page 305), seventeen drachms. Rose oil, two drachms. 
Melt together, and add Alcoholic extract of can- 
tharides, six grains, dissolved in a little alcohol. Dupuytren. R. Beef marrow, three to four ounces. 
Castor oil, 
one ounce. 
Melt, and strain the marrow, add the oil, and, as the mixture cools, beat continually until it assumes a white, frothy appearance; flavoring with extract of orange. 
Putty. 
Whiting made into a paste with boiled linseed oil. 
Sealing Wax 
Red. 
R. Shellac, two-pounds. Venice turpentine, one pound. Vermilion, or best dichromate of lead, one pound and a half. 
Melt the shellac and turpentine together, and add the pigments the mixture cools. Redwood. 
Black 
Is made in the same way as the red, only substituting the best lamp-black for vermilion, or dichromate of lead. 
In like manner, other colors are imparted by varying the pigment, and using chromate of lead, verdigris, green verditer, &c. Redwood. 
Bottle Wax 
R. Black resin, six pounds. Bees' wax, half a pound. Ivory, or lamp-black, one pound and a half. Melt the resin and wax, and stir in the ivoryblack. 
Venitian red, red lead, or bole, may be substituted for lamp-black. Redwood. 
Solders. Solder for Tin Plate. 
R. Tin, Lead, 
two parts, one part. 
Mix. 
Solder for Pewter. 
R. Tin, 
ten parts, five parts, one part. 
Lead, Bismuth, 
Mix. 
Solder for Iron, Copper, and Brass. R. Copper, 
Zinc, equal parts. 
Mix. 
Solder for Zinc and Lead. 
R. Lead, Tin, 
two parts, one part. 
Mix. 


486 
ADDENDA 
Solder for Silver. R. Silver, five parts. Brass, six parts. Zinc, two parts. Mix. Gray's Supp. Solder for Gold. R. Gold, twelve parts. Silver, two parts. Copper, four parts. Mix. Francis. Felt Splints. 
Dissolve three pounds of shellac in two quarts of alcohol, in a tinned vessel, with a tight cover to prevent evaporation. Spread a piece of woollen cloth on a board, and with a clean brush saturate both sides of the cloth with the solution. Hang it up until thoroughly dried; then lay it again upon the board, and apply a second coat of the solution to one side only of the cloth. Dry again, and apply a third coat to the same side. While the last coat is yet fresh, fold the cloth so that the side having three coats shall be applied to itself. Then, with a hot flat-iron, smooth, and press the surfaces together. When cold, a slight rubbing with sand-paper makes it fit for use. 
It becomes a firm, almost unyielding board; but exposure to a moderate heat will make it pliant, so that it can easily and accurately be adapted to any surface. Dr. F. H. Hamilton. 
Tracing Paper. 
Paper brushed over with a thin varnish of colorless Damara resin, the varnish being allowed to soak through the paper without any apparent coating of it remaining on the surface. Redwood. 
Varnishes. 
Varnish for coating Metals. 
R. Copal, 
Oil of rosemary, each, one part. Alcohol, two to three parts. 
Mix. It should be applied hot, and, when dry, it will be found very hard and durable. Schindler. 
Varnish for Leather. 
R. Oil of turpentine, saturated with caoutchouc, six parts. Copal, Oil of rosemary, each, two parts. Mix. This varnish should be applied somewhat fluid, and always dried at a high temperature. 
Schindler. 
R. Alcohol, twenty gallons. Shellac, thirty-five pounds Resin, twenty pounds White turpentine, ten pounds. Powdered lamp-black, four pouuds, 
Bruise the shellac and resin, put them in the alcohol, and stir ten or twelve times during the day, which will prevent the formation of lumps, and will nearly dissolve it in one day. Next day, add the turpentine, and stir five or six times ; the third day, stir in the powdered and sifted lamp-black. No heat is employed. E. S. Frey. 
Varnish for Furniture. 
R. Dissolve fused copal in oil of turpentine. 
If the copal has not been kept a sufficient time in a state of fusion, the varnish made with it remains soft for some time after it is dry, and afterwards peels off. Schindler. 
Amber Varnish. 
R. Amber, one pound. Place it in an iron pot, and render it semifluid by heat; then add 
Pale boiled oil, ten ounces. Mix, remove from the fire, and add 
Oil of turpentine, one pint. Stir well together. Cooley. 
Japan Varnish. R. Oil of turpentine, eight ounces. " lavender, six ounces. 
Camphor, one drachm. Bruised copal, two ounces. 
Mix and dissolve. Used for japanning tin. Cooley. 
Lac Varnish (Aqueous). R. Pale shellac, five ounces. 
Borax, 
one ounce. 
Water, one pint. Digest at nearly the boiling point until dissolved ; then strain. A good vehicle for water colors, inks, &c. Cooley. 
Lac Varnish. 
R. Shellac, ninety parts. Venice turpentine, four parts. Alcohol, five hundred parts. 
Digest until-dissolved, and strain. Gray. Copal Varnish. 
A variety of methods is resorted to, for making copal varnish. One of the cheapest is to dissolve copal in drying linseed oil, near the boiling point, and, when sufficiently cool, to dilute the mixture with oil of turpentine. 
Ccoley. 



DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. NOT INCLUDED AMONG THE PREVIOUS PRESCRIPTIONS. 
Tous les Mois. 
This is a variety of arrowroot, prepared from the rhizomes of a species of Carina, and is to be employed in the same manner, and in same cases, as arrowroot. 
Mucilage of Salep. 
Salep is the prepared bulbs of several species of orchidaceous plants. It is more nutritive than arrowroot or sago, and hence is adapted for the convalescent, rather than for the sick. These roots are powdered with much difficulty. The mucilage is prepared by dissolving the powder in boiling water, constantly stirring, and adding to the solution, sugar and milk. Soubeiran orders powdered salep, half an ounce, to be boiled with a sufficient quantity of water till dissolved, four ounces of sugar added, and to be aromatized according to taste. 
Biscuit Jelly. 
White biscuit, four ounces, to be boiled down in four pints of water, to one-half, strained, and evaporated to one pint; one pound of white sugar, four ounces of port wine, and one drachm of cinnamon water added, and the whole well mixed. 
It has been found in debility of the digestive organs. A. T. Thomson. 
Bread Jelly. 
Cut a French roll into slices, toast these on both sides, and boil in a quart of water, until the whole forms a jelly, adding more water if required; strain, and flavor. 
This is nutritious, and maybe made more so by using broth, wholly deprived of fat, instead of water. Cooley. 
Panada. 
Stale wheat bread, one ounce; cinnamon, one drachm ; water, one pint. 
Cover up and let stand for an hour, beat up and boil for ten minutes, adding a little grated nutmeg and sugar. Wine may be added, if re- 
Ellis. 
quired. 
Compound Salep Powders. 
Powdered salep, tragacanth, and. sago, each, four ounces; cochineal, half a drachm; prepared oyster-shells, one ounce 
These are to be carefully mixed and divided into powders, of one drachm each. Stir one of these into a pint of milk, and noil for ten or fifteen minutes. To be taken fieely in diarrhoea and dysentery. Ellis. 
These arc known as Castanello's powders, for which the following is used as a substitute. 
Powdered gum Arabic, tragacanth, arrowroot, sago, and tapioca, each, two drachms. Mix them well together, boil in a pint of milk, flavored with nutmeg or cinnamon. 
Used as a diet in dysentery, diarrhoea, &c. 
Vegetable Broth. 
Take two potatoes, one carrot, one turnip, and one onion. 
Slice them, and boil in a quart of water.for an hour, adding more water from lime to time, so as to keep up the original quantity; flavor with salt, and a small portion of potherbs; strain. When advisable, a small quantity of mush room catsup added to this broth greatly improves its taste. 
A good substitute for animal fbod,»when tho last is inadmissible. EUis. 
Gloucester Jelly, 
Rice, sago, pearl barley, hartshorn shavings, eryngium root, each, one ounce; boil in three pints of water to one piut, and strain. 
This is very nutritive, dissolved in broth, milk, or wine. A. T. Thomson. 
Almond Jelly. 
Blanched sweet almonds and white sugar, each, one ounce; water, four ouuees; make an emulsion; strain, and add melted hartshorn jelly, half a pound; orange-flower water, one drachm; aud essence of lemon, two or three drops. 
Cooley. 
487 


488 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
Boiled Flour. 
Take of fine flour a pound, tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible, and after frequently dipping it into cold water, dredge the outside with flour, till a crust is formed round it, which will prevent the water soaking into it, whilst boiling. 
Boil for a long time, and permit to cool, when it will become a hard, dry mass. This is to be grated and prepared like arrowroot A good diet for children, in diarrhoea, &c. EUis. 
Beep Tea. 
Take of lean beef, cut into shreds, one pound; water, one quart. 
Boil for twenty minutes, removing any scum that arises. When it has become cold, strain. EUis. 
Take half a pound of good rump steak, cut it into thin slices, and spread these in a hollow dish ; sprinkle a little salt over them, and pour upon the whole a pint of boiling water. 
Cover the dish and place it near the fire for half an hour; then remove to a pan and boil lor fifteen minutes; strain through a fine sieve. The quantity of water is too small for the strength of the tea for invalids, but is suflicient to extract all the soluble parts of the beetj and the tea can be reduced to the proper strength by the addition of boiling water. A. T. Thomson. 
Essence op Beef. 
Take of lean beef, sliced, a sufficient quantity to fill the body of a porter bottle, cork up loosely, and place it in a pot of cold water, attaching the neck, by means of a string, to the handle of the pot. 
Boil for an hour and a half to two hours, then decant the liquid and skim it. 
To this preparation may be added spices, salt, wine, brandy, &c, according to the taste of the patient and nature of the disease. Ellis. 
Mutton Tea. 
Take one pound of good mutton, freed from the fat, and cut into thin slices; pour over it a pint and a half of boiling water, in the same manner as directed for beef tea; but it requires to be boiled for half an hour, previous to straining. 
If the invalid desires the addition of barley, an ounce of clean pearl barley, washed, and macerated in boiling water for an hour, may be boiled with the mutton tea, and the undissolved barley separated by straining. A. T. Thomson. 
Veal Tea. 
This is to be made in the same manner as beef tea, using a pound of the fillet of veal, freed from fat and sliced, and a pint and a half of boiling water; boiling for half an hour. It may also be made with the same quantity of the fleshy part of a knuckle of veal. By boiling this latter down to one-half, and straining, the decoction will gelatinize, and, if poured into small cups, will keep good for several days. 
By the addition of an equal quantity of boiling water to this jelly, it is fit tor use in a few minutes. A. T. Thomson. 
Chicken Water. 
Take half a chicken, divested of all fat, and break the bones; add to this half a gallon of water. 
Boil for half an hour, strain, and season with salt. Ellis. 
Take a small chicken, free it from the skin, aud from all the fat between the muscles; divide it longitudinally into halves; remove the lungs, liver, &c. then cut it, bones and muscles, into thin slices, and put these into a pan with a sufficient quantity of salt; add a quart of boiling water, cover the pan, and simmei slowly for two hours; strain through a fine sieve. 
A. T. Thomson. 
Calves'-Feet Jelly. 
Take two calves' feet, and add to them one gallon of water, and boil down to one quart; strain, and when cold, remove all fat; then add the whites of six or eight eggs, well beaten; a pint of wine, half a pound of loaf sugar, and the juice of four lemons, and mix well. 
Boil for a few minutes, constantly stirring; then strain through a flannel bag. The wine may be omitted if necessary. Ellis. 
Toast Water. 
Toast thoroughly a slice of stale bread, put it in a jug and pour over it a quart of water, which has been boiled and cooled, and in two hours decant; a small piece of orange or lemon peel put into the jug with the bread, improves the flavor greatly. 
This forms a good drink in febrile affections. A. T. Thomson. 


489 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
» 
Apple Water. 
Slice two large apples, and pour over the slices, a pint of boiling water. 
Let stand for an hour, and decant; if necessary, sweeten with a little white sugar. A. T. Thomson. 
It is also prepared by boiling for an hour, ten ounces of sliced apple in two pints of water, and straining. Soubeiran. 
Lemon-Peel Water. 
Pare the rind of one lemon, which has been previously rubbed with half an ounce of refined loaf sugar, put the peeling and sugar into a jar, and pour over them a quart of boiling water. When cold, pour off the fluid, aud add a tablespoonful of lemon juice. 
If wine be not improper, a glass of sherry may be added, instead of the lemon juice. A. T. Thomson. 
Bran Tea. 
Fresh wheat bran, one pound; water, three quarts. 
Boil down to one quart, strain, and add sugar, honey, or molasses, according to the taste of the patient. 
Chicken Panada. 
Take the white meat of a boiled or roasted chicken, free it from the skin, and cut it into small morsels; pound these in a mortar with an equal quantity of stale bread, and a sufficiency of salt, adding gradually some of the water in which the chicken has been boiled, or some beef tea, uutil the whole forms a thin, fluid paste. 
Put this into a pan, and boil for ten minutes, continually stirring. A. T. Thomson. 
Mutton Broth. 
Take a pound of mutton, freed from fat, put it into a pan with three pints of water, and simmer for two hours. Take three carrots, the same number of turnips, peel, and cut them in slices, boil them for half an hour in a quart of water, throw them on a colander to drain off the water, and having boiled two onions sliced in a pint of water, and poured off the water, add the whole of these vegetables to the mutton liquor; after removing the meat, season with salt and a little celery seed. 
Simmer slowly for four hours, put in the meat again, and continue to simmer for another 
hour. Tlic meat may be served with the broth. A palatable and very nutritive dish for convalescents. A. T. Thomson. 
Fowl with Bice. 
Free a young fowl from the skin and the fat on the exterior of the body, and simmer it iu good beef tea, till it is very tender. 
Season with salt, and, having boiled some rice, add it to the liquor before the fowl is dished. A. T. Thomson. 
Water Sotjchy. 
Take two small, fresh flounders, boil them in a quart of water to one-third, or long enough to reduce the fish to a pulp; strain the liquor through a sieve, aud, having cut oil' the fins of four other small flounders, put the latter into the liquor, with a sufficiency of salt, a few grains of Cayenne pepper, and a small quantity of chopped parsley, aud boil till the fish is perfectly done. 
The fish and liquor are to be eaten together. Few dishes are more relished by convalescents from fever. A. T. Thomson. 
Scale, gut, and wash two perch; put salt iu the water; when it boils, put in the fish, with an onion cut into slices and separated into rings, and a handful of paisley, picked and washed clean. 
When the fish are done, put them in a soupdish, and pour the liquor over them. Hojland. 
Mulled Wine. 
Take a quarter of an ounce of bruised cinnamon, half a nutmeg, grated, and ten bruised cloves; infuse them in half a pint of boiling water for an hour, strain, and add half an ounce of white sugar. 
Pour the whole into a pint of hot port or sherry wine. 
A good cordial and restorative in the low stages of fever, or in the debility of convalescence from levers. A. T. Thomson. 
Cold Custard. 
Take the yolk and white of an egg, and a tablespoonful of sugar; beat together, till the tenacity of the white of the egg is entirely destroyed; add gradually, constantly stirring, half a pint of cold water, two teaspoonfuls of rose-water, and a little grated nutmeg. 
A wineglassful to be taken every two or three hours. Dewees 


490 
DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
Molasses Posset. 
Put in a saucepan a pint of best molasses, a teaspoonful of powdered white ginger, and a quarter of a pound of fresh butter. 
Simmer for half an hour, stirring frequently. Then stir in the juice of two lemons, or two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, cover the pan, and let it stand by the fire five minutes. A. T. Thomson. 
Chicken Jelly. 
Cut a chicken into small pieces, bruise the bones, and put the whole into a stone jar, with a cover that fits water-tight. Set the jar in a large kettle of boiling water, and keep it boiling for three hours. 
Then strain, and season with salt, pepper, and mace, or with loaf sugar and lemon juice, according to circumstances and taste. A. T. Thomson. 
Chocolate. 
Put milk and water on to boil ; then Bcrape the chocolate fine, one or two squares to a piut, as will best suit the stomach; when the mixture of milk and water boils, take it off the fire, throw the chocolate into it, mill it well, and serve it up with the froth. 
The sugar may be mixed with the- scraped chocolate, or added afterwards. It should never be made before it is wanted, as heating it again injures the flavor, and causes a separation of the oil. Cooley. 
Chocolate Milk. 
Dissolve an ounce of scraped chocolate in a pint of boiling new milk. 
Cooley. 
Coffee Milk. 
Boil a dessertspoonful of ground coffee in a pint of milk, for a quarter of an hour; then clear it with white of egg or isinglass, let it boil for a few minutes, and set it by the side of the fire to fine. Sweeten according to taste. 
This is a suitable breakfast for those of spare habit, and disposed to affections of the lungs. Cooley. 
Bice Custard. 
Boil half a cupful of the best ground rice in a pint of milk, until dissolved; then mix it with a quart of cream; flavor with nutmeg, mace, and a little brandy. 
Cooley. 
Frumenty. 
Bruised wheat, boiled in water until quite soft; drain, thin with milk, sweeten, and flavor according to taste. 
The bruised wheat boiled to a paste, and, when cold, eaten with milk, in the evening, for some time, will often relieve costiveness. 
Ginger Beer. 
Take of white sugar, three pounds; bruised ginger, two ounces; cream of tartar, one ounce; lemons, sliced, four; boiling water, four gallons; yeast, eight ounces. 
Pour the water on the four first-named ingredients, and infuse for two hours; then strain, add the yeast, and, when fermentation has continued for some hours, put into stone bottles and tie down the corks. Gray. 
Spruce Beer. 
Take of sugar, six pounds; essence of spruce, four ouuees; boiling water, ten gallons; yeast, eight ounces. 
Add the water to the sugar and essence, ferment with the yeast, and bottle in the same way as ginger beer. Gray. 
Molasses Beer. 
Take of molasses, fourteen pounds; hops, a pouud and a half; water, thirtysix gallons; yeast, a pound. 
Boil the hops in the water, add the molasses, and ferment. Gray. 
Caudle. 
Into a pint of thin gruel, put, while it is boiling hot, the yolk of an egg, beaten with sugar, and mixed with a tablespoonful of cold water, a glass of wine, and some nutmeg. 
Mix well together. 
A nourishing, restorative mixture, given during convalescence. Gray. 
Barley Mixture. 
Take of pearl barley, sliced figs, stoned raisius, each, two ounces and a half; liquorice root, sliced and bruised, five drachms; water, five pints and a half. 
Clean the barley by washing, boil it in four and a half pints of the water, down to two pints; add the figs, raisins, and liquorice root, with the remaining pint of water; boil down to two pints, and strain. 
This is nutritive and demulcent. Gray. 


DIETETIC PREPARATIONS. 
491 
Artificial- Asses' Milk. 
Boil together a pint of water and an ounce of hartshorn shavings, until reduced to a jelly; add two ounces of white sugar; when cold, mix with a pint of new milk, and a teaspoonful of syrup of Tolu. 
To be taken freely, as a nutritive beverage. Cooley. 
Isinglass Blancmange. 
Isinglass, a quarter of a pound; rose water, half a pint; milk, two quarts; milk of almonds, half a pint. 
Boil to a proper consistence, and permit to cool. Hoffmann. 
Bice Blancmange. 
Ground rice, two ounces; milk, one 
pint; lump sugar, three ounces; a little lemon peel and cinnamon. 
Dissolve the rice in the milk, by boiling, reduce it to a proper consistence, then add the spice and sugar; boil for a few minutes, strain, and let cool. The rice should be rubbed up with a little water, beibre adding it to the milk, to prevent it from being in lumps. Cooley. 
Soda Cakes. 
Flour, one pound ; bicarbonate of soda, a quarter of an ounce; sugar and butter, each, half a pound; make a paste with milk; add candied orange, lemon, or citron, or the fresh peel, grated, according to taste. 
They may be made with the same quantity of carbonate of magnesia, instead of the soda, and the candied peel omitted. In dyspepsia, with acidity. Cooley. 


LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES. 
A complete list of all the incompatibles to each medicinal agent would swell the ca -alogue to an inordiuate degree. The following is only intended to present the chief incompatibles. It should also be borne in mind that clinical experiments have not yet been sufficiently numerous, to determine whether the substances capable of producing precipitation in vegetable solutions, are really incompatible with the active mediciual 
principles of the plauts in question. 
Absinthium, with sulphates of iron and zinc, acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, tartar emetic. 
ACACIA, with Goulard's extract, alcohol, nitric acid, muriated tincture of iron. 
Acidum Aceticum, with alkalies, alkaline and earthy carbonates. 
Acidum Citricum, with mineral acids, acetates of lead, nitrate and acetate of mercury, alkalies, alkaline sulphurets. 
Acidum Arseniosum, with magnesia, lime water, hydrosulphate of potassa, hydrated peroxide of iron, astringent vegetable infusions and decoctions. 
Acidum Gallicum, with lime water, alkaline carbonates, acetate of lead, sulphate of copper, nitrate of silver, iodide of iron, sulphate of iron, tartar emetic, solution of opium, &c. 
Acidum Hydrocyanicum, with mineral acids, metallic oxides, chlorine, &c. 
Acidum Muriaticum, with alkalies and their carbonates, alkaline earths, metallic oxides, sulphuret of potassium, tartrate of potassa, and most metallic salts, especially those of silver. 
Acidum Nitricum, with the metallic oxides, the salifiable bases, the essential oils, &c. 
Acidum Nitro-muriaticum, with oxides, earths and alkalies, the sulphurets, &c. 
Acidum Phosphoricum, with the soluble salts of lime, baryta, and lead. 
Acidum Sulphuricum, with the earths, 
alkalies, and their carbonates, the sulphurets, &c. 
Acidum Tannicum, with per salts of iron, albumen, gelatine, alkalies, alkaline earths, and carbonates, tartar emetic, acetate of lead, vegetable alkaloids, &c. 
Acidum Tartaricum, with alkalies and their carbonates, and the alkaline earths and carbonates. 
.ZEther Hyponitrosus, with alcoholic solution of caustic potassa. 
.ZEther Muriaticus, with solution of caustic potassa. 
ALUMEN, with the alkalies and alkaline carbonates, lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, infusion of galls, &c. 
Ammonia, with acids, mineral salts, alum, &c. 
Ammonite Acetas, with alkalies, strong acids, corrosive sublimate, nitrate of silver, alkaline earths, &c. 
Ammonite Carbonas, with acids, caustic potassa and soda, magnesia, alum, chloride of calcium, bitartrate and bisulphate of potassa, the salts of iron, bichloride of mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of zinc, &c. 
Ammonia Murias, with sulphuric and nitric acids, salts of lead and silver, potassa, soda, the carbonates of potassa and soda, lime, &c. 
Angustura, with sulphates of iron and copper, nitrate of silver, tartar emetic, acetates of lead, bichloride of mercury, potassa, infusion of galls, &c. 
492 


LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES 
493 
ANTHEMIS, with solution of gelatine, infusions containing gallic acid, salts of iron, nitrate of silver, salts of lead, bichloride of mercury, &c. 
Antimonii Sulphuretum, with nitric and nitro-muriatic acids. 
Antimonii et Potasste Tartras, with alkalies and earths, and their carbonates, strong acids, hydrosulphurets, lime water, chloride of calcium, salts of lead, soaps, infusions containing gallic acid, rhubarb, &c. 
Armoracia, with carbonates of the alkalies, bichloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, vegetable bitters and astringents, &c. 
Argenti Nitras, with the fixed alkalies, sulphuric, muriatic, and arsenious acids, and their salts, lime, the chlorides and sulphurets, astringent vegetable infusions, solutions of the salts of mercury aud copper, &c. 
Arnica, with sulphates of iron and zinc, acetate of lead, mineral acids, &c. 
Aurantii Cortex, with infusion of bark, sulphate of iron, lime-water, &c. 
Barytte Murias, with the alkaline and earthy carbonates, alum, nitrate of silver, &c. 
Benzoinum, with the acids and alkalies. BlSTORTA, with salts of iron, gelatine, &c 
Belladonna, with caustic alkaline solutions, tannin, vegetable astriugents, &c. 
Bismutiii Nitras, with the alkalies, ve getable astringents, &c. 
Calamus, with acetate of lead 
Calcii Chi.oridum Liquor, with the soluble sulphates, carbonates of soda and potassa, and carbonate of magnesia, &c. 
Oalcis Liquor, with the mineral and acetic, phosphoric, tartaric, and citric acids, muriate of ammonia, the alkaline carbonates, soap, the vegetable astringents, alum, sulphates of iron and zinc, sulphate of magnesia, chlorides of mercury, nitrate of silver. 
alcis Carbon as, with the acids and acidulous salts, alum, muriate of ain- 
mouiu. 
Capsicum, with corrosive sublimate, acetate of lead, nitrate of silver, sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper, carbonates of the alkalies. 
Cardamomum, with the acids, sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury, &c. 
Caryopiiyllus, with tartar emetic, sulphates of iron and zinc, &c. 
Cascarilla, with lime water, sulphates of iron and zinc, infusions containing tannic or gallic acid. 
Cassia Fistula, with alcohol. 
Catechu, with alkalies, the salts of iron, gelatine, &c. 
Cinchona, with strong acids, alkalies, sulphates of iron and zinc, nitrato of silver, tartar emetic, lime, magnesia, &c. 
Coccus, with acetate of lead, sulphates of zinc aud iron. 
Colchicum, with acids, which render the vinous tincture drastic; alkalies, on the contrary, render it milder in its operation. 
Colocynthis, with fixed alkalies, sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, &c. 
Colomba, with ammonia, lime water, mineral acids, muriate of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, isinglass. 
Conium, with the strong acids, alkalies, tannin, &c. 
Contrayerva (tincture), with water. 
Copaiba, with the mineral acids. 
Coptis Tri folia, with nitrate of silver, and acetate of lead. 
Creta PRiEPARATA, with acids and acidulous salts, alum, muriate of ammonia. 
Cuprum Ammoniatum, with acids, potassa and soda, lime water. 
Cupri Sulphas, with fixed alkalies, am monia, and its carbonate, bichloride of mercury, arsenite of potassa, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, vegetable infusions, &c. 
Cydonia, with acids, most metallic salts, alcohol. 
Digitalis, with sulphate of iron, infusion of Peruvian bark, acetate of lead, tannin, and vegetable astrin- 
gents. 


494 
LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES 
Ferrum Ammoniatum, with acids, the fixed alkalies, lime-water, astringent infusions. 
Ferri Iodidtjm, with fixed alkalies, limewater, vegetable astringents, &c. 
Ferri et Tartras, with the mineral acids, alkalies, vegetable astringents. 
Ferri Subcarbonas, with the mineral acids, acidulous salts, &c. 
Ferri Chloridi, Tinctura, with alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, carbonate of lime, magnesia, and its carbonate, solution of gum, vegetable astringents. 
Ferri Sulphas, with nitric acid, fixed alkalies, and their carbonates, limewater, nitrates of potassa and of silver, borate of soda, acetate of lead, iodide of potassium, vegetable astringents, &c. 
Galla, with alkalies, the carbonates of the alkalies, lime-water, sulphates of iron and zinc, acetate of lead, tartar emetic, bichloride of mercury, gelatin, vegetable alkaloids, &c. 
Guaiaci Tinctura, with water, the mineral acids, spirit of nitric ether, earthy and metallic salts, &c. 
Granatum (Cortex), with sulphate of iron, &c. 
HiEMATOXYLON, with mineral acids, lum, sulphates of iron and copper, tartar emetic, acetate of lead. 
Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum, with muriatic and other acids, the fixed alkalies and protochloride of tin. 
Hydrargyri Chloridum mite, with the alkalies, lime, muriate of ammonia, chlorides of potassium and sodium, carbonates of the alkalies, nitric acid, salts of iron, lead, and oopper, iodide of potassium, soaps, &c. 
H YDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM, with alkalies and their carbonates, carbonates of lime, tartar emetic, sulphuret of potassium, soap, iron, copper, lead, and their salts, nitrate jf silver, albumen, gelatin, gluten, milk, vegetable astringents, fixed oils, &c. 
HYDRARGYRI OxiDTJM RUBRUM, With the mineral acids. 
HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM NlGRUM, with the mineral and acetic acids. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum, with the mineral acids, chloride of sodium. 
Hydrargyri Iodidum Rubrum, with the mineral acids, iodide of potassium, chloride of sodium. 
Hydrargyrum cum Creta, with the mineral and acetic acids, acidulous salts, alum, &c. 
Hyoscyamus, with acetate of lead, nitrate of silver, sulphate of iron, tannin, and the vegetable astringents. 
Iodine, with starch, and magnesia Ipecacuanha, with the vegetable astringents, acetate of lead, &c. 
Kino, with the salts of iron, acetate of lead, the mineral acids, gelatin, tartar emetic, &c. • 
Krameria, with salts of iron, acetate of lead, gelatin, mineral acids, &c. 
Magnesia, with acids and acidulous salts, muriate of ammonia, metallic salts. 
Magnesia Carbonas, with acids and acidulous salts, metallic salts, limewater, muriate of ammonia, bitartrate of potassa. . 
Magnesia Sulphas, with ammonia, acetate of lead, chloride of calcium, lime-water, potassa and soda, and their carbonates, &c. 
Mentha, with sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, &c. 
Morphle Acetas, with alkaline carbonates, ammonia, vegetable astringents, all articles incompatible with infusion of opium, except acetate of lead. 
Morphia Murias, with acetate of lead, tannin, ammonia, alkaline carbonates, &c. 
Moschus, with mineral acids, bichloride of mercury, sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, infusion of bark, &c. 
Opium, with ammonia, carbonates of potassa and soda, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, salts of copper, iron, and zinc, astringent infusions, &c. 


495 
LIST OF INCOMPATIBLES 
Potassa, with acids and acidulous salts, arthy and metallic salts, ammonia nd its salts, &c. 
POTASSiE Acetas, with mineral acids, sulphates of soda and magnesia, tartaric acid, most metallic and earthy salts, &c. 
Arsenitis, Liquor, with limewater, acids, chlorides of iron and calcium, sulphate of magnesia, alum, sulphates of iron and copper, iodide of iron, nitrate of silver, vegetable astringents. 
POTASSiE Ritartras, with strong acids, lime-water, ammonia, carbonates of potassa and soda, magnesia, sulphate of magnesia, &c. 
POTASSiE Carbonas, with acids, metallic salts, lime-water, sulphate of magnesia, muriate of ammonia, alum, calomel, &c. 
PoTASSiE Citras, with salts of lime, lead, and silver, sulphuric and other acids. 
Potassa Nitras, with alum, sulphate of magnesia, metallic sulphates, sulphuric acid, muriatic acid (when heated). 
Potasste Sulphas, with tartaric acid, acetate of lead, nitric and muriatic acids, chloride of calcium, bichloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, &c. 
Potassii Sulphuretum, with acids, and most metallic salts. 
Potassa Tartras, with most acids, lime-water, acetate of lead, nitrate of silver, chloride of calcium. 
Potassii Iodidum, with acetate of lead, bichloride of mercury, tartaric acid, metallic salts, all acids and acidulous salts, except bitartrate of potassa. 
Pimenta, with alum, ammonia, alkaline carbonates, salts of iron, copper, zinc, and silver, vegetable astringents. 
Piper Nigrum, with vegetable astringents. 
Plumbi Acetas, with the alkalies and their carbonates, tartaric, citric, and sulphuric acids, tartrate and bitartrate of potassa, alkaline and metallic sulphates, alum, borax, lime-water, vegetable astringents, infusion of opium, the soaps, milk. 
! Plumbi Iodidum, with solution of potassa, sulphuric acid. 
Quassia, with nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, &c. 
QuiNliE Sulphas, with tartaric acid, tartrate of potassa, alkalies and their carbonates, lime-water, infusion of galls. 
Rheum, with strong acids, lime-water, sulphates of iron and zinc, tartar emetic, bichloride of mercury, vegetable astringents. 
Rosa Gallica, with sulphates of iron and zinc, gelatin, lime-water. 
Salix, with lime-water, sulphate of iron, alkaline carbonates, solution of isinglass. 
Salvia, with salts of iron. 
Sapo (and liniments, &c, containing it), with sulphates of lime and magnesia, chloride of calcium, alum, metallic salts, lime-water. 
Sarsaparilla, with infusion of galls, lime water, acetate of lead. 
Scilla, with lime-water, alkaline carbonates, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, &c. 
Senna, with strong acids, carbonates of the alkalies, lime-water, tartar emetic. 
Serpentaria, with acetate of lead. 
Carbonas, wijh acids, bitartrate of potassa, acidulous, metallic and earthy salts, lime-water. 
Sobje Phosphas, with mineral acids, lime, magnesia, &c. 
Sodje Sulphas, with salts precipitated by sulphuric acid, carbonates of potassa, acetate of potassa. 
et Tartras, with most acids and acidulous salts, acetate of lead, nitrate of silver. 
Spiritus .ZEtheris Nitrici, with sulphate of iron, tincture of guaiacum, alkaline and earthy carbonates, especially those with an excess of acid. 
Tamarindus, with the salts of potassa, • the alkaline carbonates, lime-water, tartar emetic. 
Taraxacum, with corrosive sublimate, sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, acetate of lead, infusion of galls, &c. 


496 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Thea, with salts of iron, gelatin, limewater, &c. 
Uva Ursi, with salts of iron, gelatin, tartar emetic. 
Tormentilla, with solution of isinglass, salts of iron, alkalies, &c. 
ZlNCl Oxtdtjm, with acids, acidulous salts, potassa, soda, and ammonia. 
Tragacanth, with sulphates of iron and copper, acetate of lead, alcohol, &c. 
Zinci Sulphas, with potassa, soda, and ammonia, and their carbonates, the hydrosulphurets, milk, mucilages, astringent vegetable infusions, &c. 
Ulmus, with alcoholic tinctures, if added in quantity. 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEDICINES. 
Absinthium, Infusion, to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. Tincture, gtt. xx to f3ij- Oil, gtt. ij to iv. Acetosella, Extract, 9j to 3ss. Acidum Arseniosum, gr. T ' ff to Benzoicum, grs. x to xx. Boracicum, grs. v to xx. Gallieum, grs. ij to x. Hydrocyanicum (medicinal), gtt. j to ii. Hydriodicuni, gtt. v to x. ¦4-Muriaticum, gtt. v to x. 
+- dilut. gtt. xx to xxx. gtt.'ij to vj. dilut. gtt. xx to xxx. "rPhosphoricum, dilut. gtt. xtof3j. <• Sulphuricum, gtt. ij to v. dilut. gtt. x to xxx. aromatic, gtt. v to xx. ? Tannicum, gr. j to iij. f Tartaricum, 3j to >j- Aconitum, Powder, gr. j to ij. Extract, gr. j. alcoholic, gr. 1 to |. Tincture of root, gtt. v to vj. Titfcture of leaves, gtt. x to xv. ./Ether, Acetic, gtt. x to f$j. Hyponitrosus, gtt, x to lx. Nitric, Spirit of, fjss to ij. Hydrocyanic, gtt. ij to iij. 
-ZEther, Muriatic, gtt. xxx to lx. Sulphuric, f 3ss to j. spirit, f3j to iij. compound, fjss to ij. Allium, Syrup, f3j- Aloe, Powder, gr. v to x. and Canella, grs. v to xx. Wine, fjj. to Tincture, f5.1- to f 3 88 ' and Myrrh, f3ss to ij. Alumen, grs. v to xx. Ammonia, Water, gtt. v to xx. Acetate, Solution of, f t :fss to j. Carbonate, grs. v to x. Tincture comp., gtt. x to xl. Spirit of, gtt. v to xx. aromatic, gtt. x to xx. Citrate, Solution of, f sss to j. Hydrosulphate, gtt. v to vj. Muriate, gr. j to V. Nitrate, to j. Phosphate, grs. x to xl. Succinate, Spirit, gtt. xx to 1. Sulphate > 9j. to 3«s. Ammoniacum, grs. v to xv. mixture, f to j. Amylum, Todide, 3ss to j. Angelica, Tincture, f3j to ij. Angustura, Powder, grs. x to 9j. Infusion, Tincture, f 3j to ij. 


497 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Anthemis, Infusion, to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. Syrup, f5ss._ Anthracokali, grs. ij to iv. Antimonium, grs. x to xx. Sulphuret, grs. v to x. precipitated, grs. j to iij. Kermes mineral, gr. 4 
to x. 
Potassa et, Tartrate of, gr. J to j. Wine, gtt. xxx to f3j. Powder, grs. iij to x. Apocynum, Decoction, l'3j to ij. Extract, grs. iij to v. Argentum, Chloride, gr. to gr. ij. and Ammonia, gr. to Cyanide, gr. T ' 3 to g. Iodide, gr. £ to j. Nitrate, gr. 5 to ij. Oxide, gr. £ to ij. Armoracia, Infusion, to ij. Spirit, comp. f 3j to iv. Arnica, Powder, grs. v to x. Extract, grs. v to x. Infusion, f $ss to j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to 1. Arsenicum, Iodide, gr. to Douovau's Solution, gtt. v 
to xx. 
Arum, Powder, grs. x. Asclepias Tuberosa, Infusion, to iv. Asparagus, Extract, 9j to 3j- Syrup, 3) t0 U- Assafoetida, grs. ij to x. .[Mixture, f fss to j. Tincture, l'3j. ammoniated, gtt. v to f 3j • Atropia, gr. ,V _ Aurum, gr. ? to j. Chloride, gr. to J g . Sodium et, Chloride, gr. 2 *p to -fa. Cyanide, gr. -J g to Iodide, gr. to T V Oxide, gr. T * 0 to i- Azederach, Decoction, to j. 
Ballotta Lanata, Decoction, to ij Balsamum Peruvianum, i£*s. Balsamum Tolutanum, gr. x to xxx. Syrup, f Jss._ Tincture, fjj. Baptisia Tinctoria, Decoction, Barium, Cliloride, Solution, gtt. v. Iodide, gr. Bebeerina, Sulphate, grs. v to 9j. Belladonna, gr. j to ij. 
82 
Belladonna, Extract, gr. \. alcoholic, gr. 4 to j. Syrup, 3j to ij. Tincture, gtt. xv to xxx. Benzoin, Compound Tincture, gtt. x 
to xx. 
Bismuthum, Subnitrate, grs. ij to x. Bistort, Infusion, fgj to ij. Boletus Laricis, gr. j to iij. Brominium, Solution, gtt. v to x. Brucia, gr. & to Tincture, gtt. v to xx. Buchu, gr. xx to xxx. Infusion, fgij. 
Cahinca, 9j to 3j- Calamus, Infusion, to ij. Calcium, Chloride, Solution, gtt. xx to xxx. Iodide, grs. ij to iij. Calx. Lime-water, to ij. Calcis Carbonas, Precipitated, grs. x to xx. Creta praeparata, gr. x to xxx. 
Testa praeparata, gr. x to xxx. 
Phosphate, 9j to ij. Calendula, Extract, grs. ij to v. Calomel, as an alterative, gr. T * 0 to as a purgative, gr. v. to xij. Calotropis, Infusion, f*3j to fgj. Powder, grs. iij to xx. Camphora, grs. iij to x. Water, f Jss to j. Tincture, gtt. v to xx. Canella, grs. x to 9j. Cannabis, Extract, gr. £ to iij. Tincture, gtt. x to xl. Cantharis, gr. \ to j. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j- Capsicum, grs. v to x. Infusion, Tincture, f*3ss to ij. Carbo Animalis, grs. x to xx. Ligni, 3«s to j. Mineralis, (Anthracokali,) grs. ij to iv. Cardamomum, Tincture, f 5j to ij. Carota, Infusion, seeds, fjij to iv. Carum, Spirit, f3j t0 ij- Caryophyllus, Powder, grs. v to x. Infusion, fjj to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Cascarilla Powder, 9j to 3ss. Infusion, fSjj to ij. Extract, grs. x. to xx Tincture f3j- 


498 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Cassia Fistula, Jij to 3*ss. Castoreum, grs. v to xx. Tincture, gtt. xxx to ¦ Catalpa, Decoction, to iij. Catechu, grs. x to 9j. Infusion, comp. to iij. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3iij Centaurea Benedicta, 9j to 3j- Infusion, fgj to ij. Cetraria, %ss to j. Decoction, f s"ij. Cetrarine, grs. ij to v. Chelidonium, Extract, grs. v to xv. Chenopodium, Juice, f^ss. Oil, gtt. iv to x. Cbimaphila, Decoction, to iv. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Chiretta, 9j. Chlorinium, Water, f 5j to iv. Chloroformum, gtt. v to xx. Cimicifuga, Decoction, to ij. Tincture, gtt. xx. Cinchona, Powder, %ss to j. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Decoction, f3*j. Infusion, f^ij. Tincture, f 3j to iv. compound, f 5j to iv. Cinchonia, grs. ij to x. Sulphate, gr. ij to x. Cinnamomum, Powder, grs. x to 9j. 
comp. grs. x to xxx. Tincture, f5j to iv. Water, Codeia, Syrup, f 5j - Morphia and, Muriate, gr. J to \, Colchicum, Powder, grs. ij to viij. Extract, bulb, gr. j. to ij. Wine, root, gtt. x. to xx. seeds, f3j. Tincture, seeds, f3ss to ij. Colocynthis, Powder, grs. v to x. Extract, grs. v to x. 
" comp. grs. v to xv. Colomba, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, Tincture, f 3j to iv. Extract, grs. j to v. Conium, Powder, grs. iij to v. Extract, gr. j to ij. " alcoholic, gr. j to ij. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j- Contrayerva, Powder, 3 s s- Extract, §j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Copaiba, grs. xx to 3j- Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. 
Copaiba, Oil, gtt. x to xxx. Coptis, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, f 3*ss to ij. Tincture, f 3j to iij. Corn us, Powder, 9j to 3j- Creasotum, gtt. j to ij. Crocus, grs. x to xxx. Cubeba, Powder, grs. xx to 3hj. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Oil, gtt. v to x. Fluid extract, gtt. x to xxx. Cupri sulphas, (as emetic), gr. j to iij. Ouprum Ammoniatum, gr. i to J. 
Delphinium, Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Delphinia, gr. to Digitalis, Powder, gr. £ to j. Infusion, f 3*ss. Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Digitalina, gr. ? L to T V Diosma, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Infusion, to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Extract, fluid, f 3j to ij. Diospyros, Infusion, f §j. Dulcamara, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Decoction, f 3" j to ij. Extract, grs. v to x. 
Elaterina, gr. J ff . Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. Elaterium (common), gr. j to ij. Clutterbuck's, gr. & to \. Emetia, gr. T V to j. Ergota, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Infusion, fjj. Wine, f 3ij to iij. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3j. Extract (Ergotine), gr. ij. Oil, gtt. xx to 1. Erigeron Annuum, Infusion, to iv. Erigeron Canadense, Infusion, f gij to iv. Extract, grs. v to x. Eupatorium, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Infusion, Euphorbia Corollata, Powder, grs. x to xx. Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. x to xv. 
Hypericifolia, Infusion, to ij. Lathyris, Oil, gtt. iv to xii. 
Few \m, Ammoniated, grs. iv to xii. Tincture, gtt. xl to f3j. 


499 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Ferri Pulvis, gr. ij to x. Ferrum, Acetate, gtt. x to xxv. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 5j. Arseniate, gr. 5 to -Jg. Broinidum, grs. j to iij. Carbonate, grs. x to jij" Saccharine, grs. x to 
xx. 
Carburet, grs. v to xv. Chloride, gr. j to ij. Tincture, gtt. x to xxx. Citrate, grs. iv to viij. 
u and Quinia, grs. v to x. Ferrocyanuret, grs. iij to v. Iodide, grs. ij to iij. Solution, gtt. x to f 3j- Syrup (Lond.), f 3j. Lactate, grs. ij to iv. Malate, grs. v to 9j. Nitrate, gtt. vj to xii. Persesquinitrate, gtt. x to xii. Oxide, Rlack, grs. v to xx. " Red, grs. v to xv. Phosphate, grs. v to x. Sulphate, grs. ij to v. " dried, gr. j to iij. Tartrate, grs. v to x. Wine, f 3*j. Ammonio, grs. v. Tannate, gr. ij to iij. 
Valerianate, grs. j to ij. Wine, f 3j. Filix Mas, 3j to ij. Extract, grs. xv to xx. Frasera, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Infusion, f ,$*j to ij. Fuligo, Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j. Fuligokali, gr. ij to iij. 
Galbanum, grs. x to xx. Galla, Powder, grs. v to xxx. Infusion, to ij. Tincture, f 3j to iij. Syrup, f 3*ss. Gambogia, gr. j to vj. Solution, alkaline, gtt. xv. Gaultheria, Oil, gtt. ij to x. Gentiana, Powder, grs. x to xl. Extract, grs. x to 9j. Infusion, fgj. Tincture, comp., f3j to ij. Geranium, grs. x to xxx. Extract, grs. x to xx. Geoffroya, 9j to 3ss. Decoction, to ij. Gillenia, grs. xx to xxx. 
Granatum, Decoction (rind), fgj. « (bark), f to iv. Gratiola, Wine, f 3j- Guaiacum, Resin, grs. x to 9j. Wood, decoction, f 3*j to ij. Tincture, f3j to ij. • Ammoniated, f 3j to ij. 
Hjematoxylon, Infusion, ij. Decoction, f3*ss to ij. Extract, grs. x to xxx. Helleborus, Powder, grs. x to 9j. Extract, grs. v to xv. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j- Humulus, Infusion, f|j to ij. Tincture, f3j to iij. Hydrargyrum, with Antimony, gr. j to iv. " Chalk, grs. v to 9j. " Magnesia, grs. v to 9j. Blue pill, grs. v to x. Acetate, gr. j. Borate, gr. ij. Bromide, gr. j to v. Bibromide, gr. to Chloride, Corrosive, gr. T ' ff to*. Chloride, Mild, as an alterative, gr. y'fl to*. 
as a purgative, gr. v. to xij. Cyanuret, gr. J g to Iodide, gr. \ to j. « Red, gr. X to Oxide, Black, gr. j to ij. " Red, gr. \ to j. Phosphate, gr. \ to j. Sulphate, gr. \ to v. Sulphuret, Black, grs. v to x. 
Sulphuret,Red,grs. xtoxv. Tartrate, gr. j to ij. Hippocastanum, Powder, 9j to iv. Hyoscyamus, Powder, grs. ij to v. Extract, gr. j. Tincture, gtt. xx to f 3ss. 
Indigum, Powder, 9j to ij. Iodinium, gr. \ to j. Tincture, gtt. x to xx. Compound tincture, gtt. xv to xxx. 
Lugol's Solution, gtt v to z 


500 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Ipecacuanha, Powder, grs. xv to xxx. i( comp. grs. v to x Syrup, f 3j to ij. Wine, f3j to fgj. 
Jalapa, Powder, grs. x to xxx. " comp., 3ss to j. Extract, grs. v to x. " alkaline, grs. iij to ix. Soap, grs. x to xv. Tincture, f3.1 to ij. Juglans Cinerea, Extract, grs. v to xxx. Juniperus, Extract, 3J to iij. Infusion, fgij to. iv. Oil, gtt. iij to vj. 
Kino, Powder, grs. x to xx. Tincture, f$*s to ij. Krameria, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Extract, grs. x to xx. Infusion, fgi to ij. Syrup, f^ss. Tincture, f5j to ij. 
Lactucarium, grs. iij. Tincture, f 3 s3 to ij. Lauro-Cerasus, Water, f3«s to j. Liriodendron, Powder, 3* s to ij. Infusion, fjj to ij. Tincture, f 3j to ij. Lobelia, Powder, grs. v to x. Tincture, fjsfl to j. Lupulina, grs. v to x. Tincture, to ij. 
Macis, grs. x to 3j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Magnesia, 3j. Carbonate, 9j to 5j. Citrate, Solution, to xij. Sulphate, Sulphuret, Syrup, Phosphate, grs. x to xx. Magnolia, Powder, to j. Manganesii, Carbonate, gr. x to 9j. Muriate, grs. iv to x. Oxide, grs. ij to iv. Sulphate, 3ss to ij. Manna, §j to ij. Mannite, 3'j to 3 ij. Marrubium, Extract, £i to Matico, Infusion, f^j. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f3j- Syrup, f 3j to ij. Mentha Piperita, Oil, gtt. i to iij. Essence, gtt. x to xx. 
Water, fjss. 
Mentha Viridis, Infusion, to ij. Oil, gtt. ij. Menyanthes, Powder, grs. xx to xxx. Infusion, fjj to ij. Extract, grs. x to xv. Mezereum, Decoction, to iv. Monarda, Oil, gtt. j to ij. Monesia, grs. ij to x. Syrup, f gss. Morphia, gr. i to Acetate, gr. i to £. Bimeconate, gr. Muriate, gr. 1 to Sulphate, gr. £ to \. Moschus, grs. v to x. Tincture, gtt. xxx to f 3j- Mucuna, Electuary, 31 to ij. Myroxylon, f3ss. Syrup, f gss to j Myrrha, grs. x to xxx. Tincture, f 3ss to j. 
Narcotina, grs. ij. Muriate, grs. ij to iv. Nux vomica, Powder, grs. iij to v. Extract, gr. 5 to ij. Tincture, gtt. v to xx. 
Oleum Animale Empyreumatic. gtt. v 
to x. 
Cajuputi, gtt. ij to v. Morrhuee, f §ss to ij. Oliyae, f 3fj. Bicini, f £ss to j. Terebinthina;, gtt. v to f$i. Tiglii, gtt. i to ij. Opium, gr. j. (Joufection, gr. x. Extract, gr. ss. Vinegar, Black drop, gtt. vii to x. Lancaster " " gtt. vj to x. Houlton's " u gtt. xx. Bousseau's " " gtt. iv. Porter's " " gtt. v to xx. Tincture, gtt. xxv. " acetated, gtt. xx. " Smith's, gtt. iij to v. " Ammoniated, f 3«s to j. " Camphorated, f>Jj to iij. " Swediaur's, gtt. v. Wine, gtt. xx. Elixir, gtt. v to xx. Opoponax, grs. x to xx. 
Papaver, Syrup, f to Pareira Brava, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j« Infusion, f §j to ij. 


501 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Pareira Brava, Decoction, fgj to ij. Extract, grs. x to 3ss. Tincture, gtt. 1 to lx. Paullinia, grs. x to xx. Petroleum, to j. Petroselinum, Infusion, fSjij to iv. Phloridzina, grs. v to xv. 
Phosphorus, gr. -Jg. • Phytolacca, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Piper Nigrum, Confection, 3j to ij. Fluid extract, gtt. j to iij. Piperinum, gr. j to ij. Piscidia Erythrina, Tincture, f 3j- Pix liquida, 3ss to j. Platini Bichloridum, gr. \ to \. Plumbum, Acetate, gr. j to iv. Iodide, gr. \ to j. Podophyllum, Powder, grs. x to xx. Extract, grs. v to xv. Podophyllin, grs. j to ij. Potassium, Bromide, grs. ij to x. Chloride, 9j to ij. Cyanuret, gr. g to \. Iodide, gr. j to x. Iodo-hydrargyrate, gr. y Potassa, Acetate, 3«s to ij. Arsenite, solution, gtt. x. Arseniate, gr. y'j. Borate, gr. v to x, Boro-tartrate, 3'j to §SS.' Carbonate, gr. v to xx. Bi-carbouate, gr. xv to xxx. Chlorate, gr. x to xx. Citrate, solution, f^ss. 
Nitrate, gr. v to x. Silicate, gr. x to xv. Sulphate, 3' v to v. Bisulphate, 3.] to ij. " with Sulphur, 3 SS to j. Tartrate, 3.1 to 3*j. Bitartrate, 3j to 3*ss. and Ammonia, Tartrate, 3j- Priaos, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Decoction, f Jij. Prunus Virginiana, Powder, grs. xxx to Infusion, Syrup, f 3j to f3j. 
Quassia, Infusion, f 3*j. Extract, grs. ij to v. Tincture, f 3j t° ij- Quercus, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j Extract, grs. x to xx. Decoction, to iij. Quinia, as a tonic, gr. j to ij. 
Quinia, as an anti-intermittent, gr. viij 
to xx. 
Amorphous, gr. j to iv. Acetate, gr. j to ij. Arseniate, gr. Citrate, gr. j to ij. Perrocyanate, gr. j to ij. Mercury and, Chloride, gr. \. Kinate, gr. j to ij. Lactate, gr. j to ij. Muriate, gr. j. to ij. Sulphate, gr. j to ij Valerianate, gr. j to ij. 
Rheum, Powder, grs. x to xxx. Roasted, grs. v to x. Infusion, f 3j to ij. Extract, grs. x to xx. " Fluid, gtt. xv to f 3j. Syrup, f 3j to f^ss. " Aromatic, f 3j to Tincture, f 3.1 to f Sss. " and Senna, f 3j to fjss Wine, f 3j to iv. Rubia, Powder, Decoction, Rubus, Decoction, f 3j to ij. Ruta, Powder, grs. x to xx. Oil, gtt. ij to iij. 
Sabadilla, Powder, grs. ij to v. Extract, gr. \. Sabbatia, Infusion, fjij to iv. Sabina, Powder, grs. v to x. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Salicin, grs. iv to vj. Salvia, Infusion, to iv. Sanguinaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. Tincture, f 3ss to ij. Sarsaparilla, Powder, 3ss to j. Decoction, f$*iv to vj. Extract, grs. x to xx. « Fluid, f3j. Syrup, fgss to j. " Compound, fSjss to j Sassafras, Infusion, f gj to ij. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Scammonium, Powder, grs. v to x Confection, grs xx to xxx, Resin, grs v to x. Scilla, Powder, grs. j to ij. Syrup, f3j. " Compound, gtt. x to f 3j- Tincture, gtt. xx to xl. Extract, gr. ss to ij. Vinegar, f 3ss to j. Oxymel, f3j to ij. 


502 
POSOLOGICAL TABLE. 
Scoparius, Infusion, to iv. Extract, 9j to 3j. Senega, Powder, grs. x to xx. Infusion, to ij. Decoction, ff ss. Syrup, f3j to ij. Senna, Powder, 3ss to ij. Confection, 3ij- Infusion, Syrup, f3j to ij Extract, fluid, Serpentaria, Powder, grs. x to xx. Infusion, f Jj to ij. Tincture, f3j to ij. Simaruba, Infusion, Sodii Chloridum, Powder, grs. x to 3*ss. Soda, Acetate, 9j to 3iv. Arseniate, gr. JL to fa. Borate, grs. xx to xxx. Carbonate, grs. x to xx. Bi-carbonate, grs. xv to xxx. Hydrosulphate, grs. x to 3j- Phosphate, 3iv to 3*j. Sulphate, 3*ss to j. Tartrate, 3*ss to j. and Potassa, Tartrate, 3ij to 3*ss. Spigelia, Powder, 3j to ij. Infusion, f 3iv to f 3*j. Comp. fgj to ij. Extract, Fluid, 3j to §ss. Spiraea, Decoction, to ij. Extract, grs. v to 9j. Spongia, Burnt, 3j to ij. Stannum, Powder, 3*33. Chloride, gr. ij. Sulphuret, grs. x to xx. Oxide, grs. v. to vj. Stramonium, Powder, gr. ij to iij. (seeds), gr. j. Extract (seeds), gr. -4 to \. (leaves), gr. j. Tincture (seeds), gtt. xx to 
xxx. 
Styrax, grs. x to xx. Strychnia, gr. to T V _ Acetate, solution, gtt. v. Iodate, gr. fa. Succinum, Oil, gtt. v to xv. Tincture, gtt. xl to lx. Sulphur, Precipitated, 3ss to ij. Electuary, 3j to ij. Sulphuris Carburetum, gtt. ij to iij. 
Tabacum, Wine, nix to xx. Tincture, n\x to xx. Tanacetum, Extract, grs. v to 9j. Taraxacum, Decoction, f gj to iij. 
Taraxacum, Extract, 9j to 3j» Fluid, f3j. Terebinthina, grs. ij to v. Oil, gtt. v to f3j. Testa praeparata, gr. x to xxx. Tolutanum, grs. x to xxx. Tincture, f 3j to ij« Syrup, f3j to Tormentilla, Powder, grs. xxx to 3j- Decoction, to ij. Toxicodendron, Powder, gr. i to ij. Extract, gr. j. Tussilago, Decoction, to iv. Syrup, f 3j to 13 ss. 
Ulmus Campestris, Decoction, to iv TJlmus Fulva, Decoction, to vj. Uva Ursi, Powder, 9j to 3j- Decoction, to ij. Extract, grs. v. to xxx. 
Valeriana, Powder, 3ss to j. Electuary, 3j to ij. Infusion, Tincture, f3j to iv. Ammon. f3j to ij. "Wine, f3j to iv. Oil, gtt. ij to v. Extract, grs. ij to x. Fluid, f'5j to ij. Vanilla, Powder, grs. v to x. Tincture, gtt. xxx to xl. Veratria, gr. J 2 to Tincture, gtt. v to x. Veratrum Album, Powder, gr. j to ij. Wine, nix. Tincture, Veratrum Viride, Powder, gr. j. Tincture, f3ss to j. Norwood's, gtt. viij Wine, f3ss to j. Extract, gr. \ to Viola Odorata, Syrup, f 3j to ij 
Wintera, Powder, 3 s s to j. 
Zinci Oxidum, grs. ij to x. Chloridum, Solution, gtt. v. Tincture, gtt. v. Cyanuretum, gr. to £. Ferrocyanuretum, gr. j. Sulphas, gr. j to xxx. Solution, Valerianas, gr. j to ij. Zingiber, Powder, gr. x to 9j. Tincture, f3j to ij. Syrup, f^ss. 


TABLE OE PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES, WHICH * DIFFER IN THE tfNITED STATES, AND THE LONDON, EDINBURGH, AND DUBLIN PHARMACOPCEIAS. 
United States. Absinthium, 
Acacia, 
Aeetum, Acetum destilla- 
turn, Acidum aceticum, 
Acidum arsenio- 
sum, Acidum hydrocya. nicum dilutum, 
Acidum muriaticum, 
Acidum muriaticum dilutum, Acidum nitricum, 
Acidum sulphuricum, 
Aconiti folia, et radix, Adeps, 
JEther, Alcohol, 
Alcohol dilutum, Aloe, 
Althaea flores, et radix, Alumen exsicca- 
turn, Ammonias murias, 
London. 
idem, idem, 
idem, idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
A. hydrochloricum, 
A. hydrochloricum dilutum, 
idem, 
idem, 
Aconiti radix; A. folium, idem, 
idem, Spiritus rectifica- 
tus, Spiritus tenuior, A. Barbadensis, A. Hepatica, A. Socotrina, Althaea, 
idem, 
Ammoniae hydro- 
chloras, 
Edinburgh. idem, 
Gum mi acaciae, 
Acetum gallicum, 
idem, 
Arsenicum album, 
A. hydrocyanicum, 
A. muriaticum, et m. purum, 
A, muriaticum dilutum, A. nitricum, et A. 
nitricum purum, A. sulphuricum, et A. sulphuricum 
purum, 
Aconitum, 
Axungia, 
.ZEther sulphuricus, idem, 
idem, A. Rarbadensis, A. Indica, A. socoto- 
nna, A. flores et radix, 
idem, 
Ammoniae murias, 
Dublin. 
Acacia vera, et A. 
verek. 
Acetum gallicum. 
A. aceticum glaciale, et A. aceticum forte. 
Arsenici oxydum album venale. 
A. hydrocyanicum 
A. muriaticum purum, et A. muriaticum venale. 
idem 
A. nitricum venale. 
A. sulphuricum venale, et A. sulphuricum pu- 
rum. 
Aconitum. 
Adeps suillus, — Axungia. iEther sulphuricus. idem. 
idem. 
A. hepatica. 
Alumen siccatum. 
idem. 
503 


504 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
United States. Ammonias carbo- 
nas, Amygdala dulcis, 
Angustura, Antimonii et potas- 
sre tartras, Antimonii sulphuretum praecipita- 
turn, Antimonii sulphu- 
return, Aqua camphorac, 
Argentum, 
Argenti nitras, et argenti nitras fusus, 
Aurantii cortex, 
Barii chloridum, Bismuthi subnitras, Buchu, 
Calamus, 
Calcii chloridum, Calx, 
Carbo ligni, Carota, Carum, Caryophyllus, Cassia fistula, Cassiae fistulae pulpa, Cera flava, Ceratum canthari- 
dis, Ceratum cetacei, Ceratum plumbi subacetatis, Ceratum resinae, 
Ceratum sabinae, Ceratum saponis, 
Ceratum simplex, Cetraria, Chimaphila, 
Cinchona pallida, 
Cinnamomura, 
. London. 
Ammoniae sesquicarbonas, Amygdala, var. dul- 
cis, Cusparia, Antimonii pbtassio- 
tartras, Antimonii oxysulphuretum, 
Antimonii ter-sul- 
phuretum, Mistura camphorae, Aqua pulegii, 
idem, 
Argenti nitras, 
idem, 
Bismuthi nitras, idem, 
idem, 
Carbo, 
idem, 
Carui, Caryophyllum, Cassia, Cassia praeparata, Cera, Emplastrum c a n - tharidis, idem, Ceratum plumbi compositum, idem, 
Unguentum sabinae, Ceratum saponis compositum, Ceratum, idem, idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
Edinburgh. 
Ammoniae carbonas, Amygdala dulcis, 
idem, 
Antimonium tartarizatum, 
Antimonii sulphuretum aureum, 
Antimonii sulphuretum, 
idem, idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
Barytae murias, Bismuthum album, Bucku, 
Calamus aromaticus, Calcis murias, idem, Carbo ligni, Dauci radix, idem, Caryophyllus, Cassiae pulpa, Cassiae pulpa, Cera flava, 
idem, 
Ceratum simplex, 
Unguentum resino- 
sum, Ceratum sabinas, 
idem, 
Pyrola, 
Cinchona cinerea, Cinchona coronae, 
idem et Cassiae cor- 
tex, 
Dublin. 
Ammoniae scsquicarbonas. 
Amygdala, var. dul- 
cis. 
idem. 
Antimonii sulphuretum praecipita- 
tum. 
idem, idem. Aqua menthae pule- 
g 11 - Argentum purifica- 
tum. 
Argenti nitras fu- 
sum. 
Aurantium 
Barii chloridum. Bismuthi subnitras. Buchu. 
Calcii chloridum. Calx recens usta. 
idem. 
Daucus carota. 
idem idem. 
idem, idem. 
Unguentum cetacei. 
Ungueutum resinae. 
Unguentum sabinae. 
Lichen Islandicus. 
idem. 
' Cinchona Con- J daminea. j Cinchona micrantha. Cinnamomum. 


505 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
United States. Coccus, 
Colchici radix, 
Colchici semen, 
Colomba, 
Confectio aromati- 
ca, 
Confectio aurantii 
corticis, Confectio opii, 
Confectio rosae, 
Confectio sennae, Conii folia, Copaiba, Coriandrum, Cubeba, Cuprum ammonia- 
tum, Cupri subacetas, 
Decoctum cetrariae, 
Decoctum chima- 
philae, Decoctum cinchonae 
flavae, Decoctum cinchonae 
rubrae, 
Decoctum querctis albae, 
Decoctum sarsaparillae compositum, 
Elaterium, 
Emplastrum ammoniaci cum hydrargyro, Emplastrum galba- 
ni compositum, 
London. 
idem, 
Colchici corm us, 
idem, 
Calumba, Confectio amygdalae, idem, 
Confectio aurantii, 
idem, 
Confectio piperis, 
Confectio rosae, 
Confectio rosae caninae, 
idem, Conium, 
idem, idem, idem, 
Cupri ammonio-sulphas, iErugo, Cyminum, 
Decoctum aloes 
compositum, idem, 
idem, 
Decoctum cincho- 
nae, idem, 
Decoctum hordei compositum, Decoctum quercus, 
Decoctum sarsae, 
Decoctum sarsae 
compositum, Decoctum scoparii compositum, 
Extractum elaterii, idem, 
Emplastrum galba- 
ni, 
Edinburgh. Cocci, 
idem, 
Colchici seraina, 
idem, Conserva amygdalarum, Electuarium aroma- 
ticum, Conserva aurantii, 
Electuarium opii, Electuarium pipe- 
ns, Conserva rosae, Conserva rosae fruc- 
tus, Electuarium sennae, 
idem, 
idem, idem, Cubebae, 
Cuprum ammoniatum, idem, Cuminum, 
Decoctum aloes, 
idem, 
Decoctum cincho- 
nae, Mistura hordei, 
idem, 
Decoctum sarzae, 
Decoctum sarzae compositum, Decoctum scoparii, 
Elaterium, • Emplastrum ammoniaci et hydrargyri; 
. Dublin 
Coccus cacti. 
Cochicum autumnale. Cormus. Colchicum autumnale. Semina. idem. 
Confectio aromatica. 
Confectio piperis ni- 
gri. Confectio ros.ie. 
Confectio sennae. 
idem. 
Copaiva balsam. Coriander. 
Cubeba. 
Cupri ammonio-suL phas. Cupri subacetas. 
Decoctum aloes 
compositum. Decoctum lichenis 
islandici. 
Decoctum pyrolae. 
idem. 
Decoctum sarsaparillae. 
Decoctum sarsaparillae compositum. 
idem. 
Emplastrum ammo niaci cum hydrar- 
gyro. 


506 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
United States. 
Emplastrum pi'cis cum cantha- 
ride, Emplastrum plumbi, Emplastrum resi- 
DS3, 
Extractum belladonna}, 
Extractum cannabis, Extractum cincho- 
na) flava), Extractum cincho- 
na) rubra), Extractum conii, 
Extractum hyoscyami, 
Extractum opii, 
Extractum sarsaparilla), Extractum sarsaparilla) fluidum, 
Extractum strain onii seminis, 
Ferri filum, et Ferri ramenta, Ferri et potassa) 
tartras, Ferri oxidum hy- 
dratum, 
Ferri subcarbonas, 
Ferrum ammonia- 
turn, Ficus, Filix mas, 
Galla, Gambogia, Glycyrrhiza, Granati fructus cor- 
tex, Granati radicis cor- 
tex, Guaiaci lignum, 
London. 
idem, 
idom, 
Extractum aloes, 
idem, 
Extractum cincho- 
na), idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
Extractum lupuli 
idem, 
Extractum sarsa), 
Extractum sarsa) 
liquidum, Extractum stramo- 
nii. 
Ferrum in fila trac- 
turn, Ferri potassio-tar- 
tras, 
Ferri carbonas cum 
saccharo, Ferri sesquioxidum, 
Ferri ammonio- 
chloridum, idem, 
idem, Cambogia, idem, Granatum, 
Granati radix, 
idem, 
Edinburgh. 
Emplastrum lithargyri, Emplastrum resino- 
sum, 
idem, 
idem, 
Extractum cincho- 
na), idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
Extractum sarza) 
fluid um, 
idem, 
Ferri filum, et Ferri limatura, Ferrum tartariza- 
tum, Ferrugo, 
Ferri carbonas saccharatum, Ferri oxidum ru- 
brum, 
Fici, Filix, 
Galla), 
idem, Glycyrrhiza) radix, 
idem, 
idem, 
Dublin. 
Emplastrum calefaciens. 
idem. 
Emplastrum resi- 
nse. 
Extractum aloes 
aquosum. Succus spissatus belladonna). 
Extractum cannabis 
Indica). 
Succus spissatus cdnii. 
Succus spissatus hyoscyami. Extractum h u - 
muli. 
Extractum opii 
aquosum. Extractum sarsa- 
parilla). Extractum sarsaparilla) fluidum. 
Ferri fila, et Ferri scobs. 
idem. 
Ferri peroxydum hydra turn, idem. 
Ferri carbonas. 
Ficus carica. 
idem. 
idem. 
Glycyrrhiza. 
Punica granatum. 
Guaiacum oflici- 


507 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
• 
United States. Guaiaci resina, 
Ilaematoxylou, Tlumulus, Hydrargyri chloridum corrosi- 
um, Hydrargyri chloridum mite, Hydrargyri iodidum, Hydrargyri iodidum rubrum, Hydrargyri oxidum Rubrum, Hydrargyri sulphas flavus, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum rubrum, 
Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, Hyoscyami folia, 
Infusum angusturae, 
Infusum armoraciae, 
Infusum buchu, Infusum catechu 
compositum, Infusum cinchonae 
flavae, Infusum colombae, Infusum gentianae compositum, Infusum humuli, Infusum lini com- 
positum, Infusum rosae corn- 
positum, Infusum sennae, 
Infusum tabaci, Inula, Iodinium, 
Juniperus, 
London. Guaiacum, 
Haematoxylum, Lupulus, Hydrargyri bichloridum, 
Hydrargyri chloridum, • idem, 
idem, 
Hydrargyri nitricooxidum, 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum cum sul- 
phure, Hydrargyri bisulphuretum, Hydrargyri ammonio-chloridum, Hyoscyamus, 
Infusum cuspariae, 
Infusum armoraciae' compositum, Infusum aurantii 
compositum, idem, idem, 
Infusum cinchonae, 
Infusum calumbae, idem, 
Infusum lupuli, idem, 
idem, 
Infusum s e n n ae compositum, Enema tabaci, idem, idem, 
idem, 
Edinburgh. 
idem, 
Haematoxylon, idem, Sublimatus corro- 
sivus, 
Calomelas, 
Hydrargyri biniodidum, Hydrargyri oxidum rubrum, 
Cinnabaris, 
Hydrargyri precipitatum album, idem, 
idem, 
Infusum aurantii, 
Infusum bucku, Infusum catechu, 
idem, 
idem, Infusum gentianae, 
Infusum lini, 
Infusum rosae, 
Infusum sennae, 
idem, 
Iodineum, 
Juniperi cacumina, 
Dublin. idem. 
Haematoxylum. Humulus lupulus. Sublimatum corro- 
sivum 
idem. 
Hydrargyri iodidum viride. 
Hydrargyri .iodidum rubrum. Hydrargyri oxydum rubrum. 
Hydrargyri oxydum sulphuricum. 
Hydrargyri sulphuretum nigrum. 
Hydrargyri ammonio-chloridum. idem. 
Infusum angusturae. 
Infusum aurantii 
compositum. Infusum buchu. 
Infusum catechu 
compositum. 
idem. Infusum gentianae compositum. 
Infusum rosae acidum. 
Infusum s e n n 33 compositum. idem. Inula helenium. 
Iodinium. 
Juniperus com munis. Cacu- 


508 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
United States. 
Limon, Limonis cortex, 
Liuimentum tere- 
binthinae, Linum, 
Liquor ammoniae, Liquor ammoniae acetatis, Liquor ammoniae fortior, 
Liquor arsenici et hydrargyri i o - didi, Liquor barii chloridi, Liquor calcii chloridi, Liquor calcis, 
Liquor ferri iodidi, 
Liquor ferri nitratis, 
Liquor iodinii compositus, 
Liquor plumbi subacetatis, Liquor plumbi subacetatis dilutus, 
Liquor potassae, 
Liquor potassae arsenitis, Liquor potassae carbonatis, 
Liquor sodae chlorinatae, 
Maranta, 
M armor, 
London. 
Lactuca, Limones, Limonum cortex, idem, 
Lini semen, 
Ammoniae liquor, idem, 
Ammoniae liquor fortior, Liquor ammoniae sesquicarbonatis, 
idem, Liquor cupri ammonio-sulphatis, Syrupus ferri iodidi, 
Liquor morphiae hydrochloratis, Liquor plumbi diacetatis, Liquor plumbi diacetatis dilutus, 
idem, 
idem, 
idem, 
Liquor sodae, 
ldem, 
Manganesii binoxidum, idem, 
Edinburgh. 
Juniperi fructus, 
idem, idem, Linimentum terebinthinatum, Lihi farina et se- 
mma, Ammoniae aqua, Ammoniae acetatis 
aqua, Ammoniae aqua fortior, Ammoniae carbona- 
tis aqua, 
Solutio baryta? muriatis, Calcis muriatis so- 
lutio, 
Aqua calcis, Cupri ammoniati solutio, 
Ferri iodidi syrupus, 
Iodinei liquor compositus, Morphiae muriatis solutio, 
Plumbi diacetatis solutio, 
Potassae aqua, 
Liquor arsenicalis, 
Manganesii oxid- 
urn, idem, 
idem, 
Dublin. Juniperus coinmuuis. Baccae. 
Lactuca sativa. 
idem, idem. 
Linimentum terebinthinae. 
Linum. 
Ammonia) liquor. Ammoniae acetatis 
liquor. Ammoniae liquor fortior. 
Arseuici et hydrargyri hydriodatia liquor. Barii chloridi li 
quor. Calcii chloridi li- 
quor. Liquor calcis. Cupri ammoniati 
aqua. Syrupus ferri io didi. 
Ferri pernitratis li quor. 
Morphiae muriatis liquor. Plumbi subacetatis 
liquor. Plumbi subacetatis 
liquor compositus. 
Potassae causticae li- 
quor. idem. 
Potassae carbonatis 
liquor. Sodae causticae li- 
quor. Sodae chlorinatae li- 
quor. 
Manganesii per-oxydum. Maranta arundina- 
Marmor album. 


509 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 
United States. Mezereum, 
Mistura amygdalae, 
Morphiae murias, 
Mucilago acaciae, 
Mucuna, 
Oleum Oleum bergaiuii, Oleum cajuputi, Oleum cari, Oleum ciunamomi, 
Oleum limonis, Oleum lini, 
Oleum morrhuae, Oleum myristicae, Oleum olivae, 
Oleum riciui, Oleum rosae, 
Oleum terebinthi- 
na>, Oleum tiglii, 
Ovum, 
Pilulae aloes, 
Pilulae aloes et myrrhae, 
Pilula) galbani composita;, 
Pilula) opii, 
Pilulae saponis composita), Pilula) scillas com- 
posita), 
Piper, 
Plumbi carbonas, 
London. idem, 
idem, 
Morphiae hydrochloras, Mistura acaciae, Decoctum amyli, idem, 
Amygdalae oleum, 
Cajuputi, • Oleum carui, Cinnamomi oleum, 
Limonum oleum, Liui oleum, 
Morrhuao oleum, 
Olivae oleum, Biciui oleum, 
Tere binthinae 
oleum, Tiglii oleum, Oleum pulegii, 
Ovi albumen et vitellus, 
Pilula} aloes cum 
sapone, Pilula aloes cum 
myrrha, Pilula hydrargyri chloridi composi- 
ta, Pilula colocynthidis composita, 
Pilula gulbani composita, Pilula cambogia) composita, 
Pilula saponis composita, Pilula scilla) com- 
posita, Pilula styracis composita, Piper nigrum, Pix, idem, 
Edinburgh. Mezereon, 
Mistura acaciae, Mistura amygdala- 
rum, Morphiae murias, 
Mucilago, Mucilago amyli, idem, 
Bergamotae oleum, Cajuputi oleum, idem, idem et Cassiae 
oleum, 
idem, idem, 
Myristicae oleum, idem, idem, Bosae oleum, idem, 
Crotonis oleum, idem, 
Ovum, 
Pilulae aloes, 
Pilula) aloes et myrrhae, Pilulae calomelanos 
compositae, 
Pilulae colocynthidis, Piluiaj assafcotidso, 
Pilulae cambogia), Pilulae opii, sive thebaic®, Pilulae scillae, 
Pilulse styracis, 
idem, Pix arida, idem, 
Dublin 
idem. 
Emulsio Arabica. ' Mistura amygdalae 
idem. 
Mucilago acaciae. idem. 
Dolichos. 
Cajeputum. idem. 
Oleum cinnamomi. 
Citrus limonum. Linum usitatissi- 
mum. 
Oleum morrhuao. Oleum myristicae. Oleum olivae. 
Oleum riciui. Oleum rosae. 
Oleum terebinthinso. 
Croton oil. 
Oleum menthae ] ulegii. idem. 
Pilulae aloes cum 
myrrha. idem. 
Pilulaj colocyntbidis composites. Pilula) assafcotidsQ 
composita). • Pilula) gambogiae composita). Pilulae saponis composita). Pilulae scillae com- 
positsc. 
idem. 
idem et Cerusa 


510 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 
» 
United States. 
Plumbi oxidum semivitreum, 
Potassa) carbonas impurus, Potassae carbonas, 
Potassae carbonas 
purus, Potassii ferrocyanu- 
return, Potassa, Potassa cum alee, 
Potassii sulphuret- 
um, Prunum, 
Pruni pulpa, 
Pulvis aromaticus, 
Pulvis ipecacuanhae et opii, 
Quercus alba et Q. 
tinctoria, Quiniae sulphas, 
Saccharum, 
Salix, Santalum, Sapo, 
Sarsaparilla, Sassafras radicis 
cortex, Scoparius, Senna, 
Sinapis, 
Sod 33 boras, Sodae carbonas, 
Sodae carbonas ex- 
siccatus, 
London. 
Plumbi oxidum, 
idem, 
Potassii ferrocyanidum, Potassae hydras, idem, 
idem, 
idem, Prunum praepara- 
turn, Pulvis cinnamomi 
compositus, ulvis cretae compositus cum opio, Pulvis ipecacuanhae compositus, 
Quercus, 
Quinae disulphas, 
Rhamni succus, Rhoeas, Rosae canina, * 
idem, 
Sacchari faex, 
Pterocarpus, idem, Sapo mollis, Sarsa, 
Sassafras, 
idem, Senna Alexandrina 
et Senna Indica, idem, 
Borax, 
idem, 
Sodae carbonas ex- 
siccata, 
Edinburgh. Lithargyrum, 
idem, 
Potassae carbonas 
purum, idem, 
Potassa, 
idem, 
idem, 
Pruna, 
Pulvis aromaticus, 
Pulvis cretae opia- 
tus, idem, 
Pulveres effervescentes, 
Quercus cortex, 
Quinae sulphas, 
Rhamni baccae, idem, Rosae fructus, 
Saccharum purum, 
Saccharum commune, idem, Salicis cortex, idem, Sapo durus, idem, Sarza, idem, 
Scoparium, idem, 
Sinapi, 
idem, idem, 
Sodae carbonas sic- 
catum, 
Dublin. idem. 
Lixivus cinis. 
Potassae carbonas 6 
lixivo cinere. 
idem. 
idem. 
potassa caustica. Potassa caustica cum calce. Hepar sulphuris. 
idem. 
idem. 
idem. 
idem. 
Pulveres effervescentes tartarizati 
Quercus. 
idem. 
Papaver rhceas. 
Saccharum purifiea' 
turn. 
Brown sugar. 
Theriaca. 
idem. 
idem. 
Sj/saparilla. Sassafras root. 
idem 
Senna, 
Sinapis alba, S. m gra. idem. Sodae carbonas crystallizatum. 
idem. 


TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
511 
United States. 
Sodii chloridum, 
Sodae et potassae tartras, Spiritus aetheris compositus, Spiritus aetheris nitrici, Spiritus lavandulae compositus, 
Stramonii folia, Stramonii semen, 
Styrax purificata, Sulphur, 
Sulphur lotum, 
Sulphuris iodidum, Syrupus, Syrupus aurantii corticis, Syrupus limonis, 
Syrupus tolutanus, 
Tamarindi pulpa, 
Tamarindus, Taraxacum, 
Terebinthina Cana- 
densis, Tinctura aconiti 
radicis, Tinctura ¦ aloes et 
myrrha), Tinctura belladon- 
nae, 
Tinctura campho- 
rae, Tinctura catechu, 
Tinctura colchici 
seminis, Tinctura colombae, Tinctura ferri chlo- 
ridi, Tinctura gallae, Tinctura guaiaci 
ammoniata, Tinctura humuli, 
London. 
idem, 
Sodae potassio-tartras, idem, 
idem, 
Tinctura lavandulae 
composita, Spiritus menthae piperitae, Stramonii folium, idem, 
Styrax praeparata, idem, 
idem, idem, Syrupus aurantii, 
Syrupus limonum, Syrupus rosae, 
Syrupus sarsa,, idem, 
Tamarindus praeparatus, idem, idem, 
Tinctura aconiti, 
Tinctura aloes com- 
posita, idem, 
Spiritus camphorae, 
Tinctura catechu 
composita, Tinctura colchici, 
Tinctura calumba), Tinctura ferri ses- 
quichloridi, idem, Tinctura , guaiaci composita, Tinctura lupuli, 
Edinburgh. Sodae murias, Potassae et sodae 
tartras, 
idem, 
Spiritus lavandulae compositus, Spiritus menthae, 
Stramonium, 
Extractum styracis, idem, 
Sulphur sublimatum, 
Syrupus simplex, idem, 
idem, Syrupus rosae centifoliae, Syrupus sarzae, idem, 
Tamarindus, 
idem, idem, 
Balsamum Canadense, 
Tinctura aloes et myrrhae, 
Tinctura bucku, Tinctura campho- 
rae, 
Tinctura catechu, 
idem, 
idem, Ferri muriatis tinc- 
tura, Tinctura gallarum, Tinctura guaiaci ammoniata, 
Dublin. 
Sodii chloridum. 
Sodae et potassae tartras. 
Spiritus aethereus oleosus. 
Spiritus aethereut nitrosus. 
idem. 
Stramoniuni. The seeds. 
Sulphur sublimatum. 
Sulphur iodatum. idem. 
idem. 
idem 
Pulp of tamarinds. 
leonis. 
Tinctura radicis aconiti. 
Tinctura foliorum belladonnae. 
Tinctura buchu. 
idem. 
idem. 
Tinctura seminum 
colchici. 
idem. Tinctura ferri sec 
quichloridi. Tinctura galla*, 


512 
TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES 
United States. 
Tinctura iodinii, Tinctura iodinii 
composita, Tinctura lupuli- 
nae, Tinctura olei men- 
thae piperitae, Tinctura olei men- 
thae viridis, 
Tinctura opii camphorata, Tinctura saponis camphorata, Tinctura sennae et 
jalapae, Tinctura Valerianae 
ammoniata, Trochisci glycyrrhizae et opii, 
Unguentum antimonii, 
Unguentum cantharidis, 
Unguentum cupri subacetatis, Uugueutuui gallae, 
Unguentum hydrargyri ammoniati, Unguentum hydrargyri uitratis, 
Unguentum hydrargyri oxidi rubri, Unguentum iodinii compositum, 
Unguentum simplex, Unguentum zinci oxidi, Uva passa, 
Veratrum album, 
London. 
idem, 
Tinctura camphorae composita, Linimentum sapo- 
nis, 
Tinctura Valerianae composita, 
Tussilago, 
Unguentum antimonii potassiotartratis, 
idem, 
Ceratum cantharidis, 
Unguentum gallae compositum. Unguentum hy• drargyri ammonio-chloridi, idem. 
Unguentum hydrargyri nitricooxidi, 
idem, 
Ceratum plumbi acetatis, 
Unguentum zinci, 
Uva, 
Veratrum, 
Edinburgh. 
Tinctura iodinei, 
Tinctura lupuli, 
Tinctura opii camphorata, idem, 
Tinctura sennae composita, Tinctura Valerianae 
ammoniata, Trochisci opii, 
Unguentum antimoniale, 
Unguentum infusi cantharidis, Unguentum cantharidis, Unguentum aerugi- 
ms, 
Unguentum gallae et opii, Unguentum praecii pitati albi, 
Unguentum citrinum, 
Unguentum oxidi hydrargyri, 
Unguentum iodinei, 
Unguentum plumbi acetatis, 
idem, 
idem, 
Uvae passae, 
idem. 
Dublin. 
idem. 
Essentia menthae 
piperitae. Essentia menthaa 
viridis. 
idem. 
idem. 
Tussilago farfara. 
Unguentum antimonii tartarizati. 
Unguentum cantharidis. 
Unguentum cupri subacetatis. 
Unguentum galla- 
rum. 
Unguentum hydrargyri nitratis vel Unguentum citrinum. 
Unguentum hydrargyri oxydi rubri. 
Ungentum iodinei compositum. idem, 
Unguentum ccrae albae. 
Unguentum zinci oxydi. idem. N 


TABLE OF PHARMACEUTICAL NAMES. 
513 
United States. Vinum album, Vinum antimonii, Vinum colchici radicis, Vinum veratri albi, Zinci carbonas prsecipitatus, Ziuci oxidum, 
London. Vinum xericum, Vinum antimonii potassio-tartratis, Vinum colchici, Vinum veratri, idem, 
Edinburgh. Vinum album, Vinum antimoniale, idem, idem, 
Dublin. Vinum album Hispanicum. Antimouii tartari# zati liauor Zinci carbonas. Zinci oxydum. 
33 


01MCINAL PREPARATIONS AND DIRECTIONS, 
INTERNAL REMEDIES. 
Powders—These are of two kinds: simple and compound. The first are prepared by pulverization; and the second by the mixture of two or more simple powders, except where one of the ingredients is employed to facilitate the more minute division of the others, as in the case of the powder of ipecacuanha md opium. Many of the most important articles used in this form are powdered by grinding and stamping, by persons who make it a special business. When this operation is performed by the apothecary, or medical practitioner, it is most frequently accomplished by means of the pestle and mortar, and the sieve : but in some cases, a stone slab and muller are required; whilst in others, the article is merely rubbed through a sieve. Whenever a substance cannot be dried completely, without an alteration of its properties, recourse must be had to an intermedium, by which the moisture may be absorbed, or its state of aggregation modified. Thus, sugar is the best intermedium in pulverizing vanilla or nutmeg. When camphor is to be pulverized, the addition of a small quantity of alcohol will much facilitate the operation. In other cases, the intermedium should be of so hard a consistence as to assist in breaking down the substance to be pulverized; thus, gold-leaf is best reduced tc powder by rubbing it with sulphate of potassa, and afterwards removing this latter means of water. 
The rules to be observed in the preparation of powders are :— 1. Operate, if possible, on perfectly dry articles, and in dry weather. 2. Adapt the nature of the mortar, and the mode of operating, to the nature of the substance: thus, woods and barks should be pulverized iu an iron mortar; sugar, alum, and nitre, in one of marble; corrosive sublimate in one of glass. 3. The mortar should be provided with a cover to prevent particles from being forced out by the action of the pestle, and also to arrest the escape of the finer particles, which would otherwise be diffused through the atmosphere, causing a loss of the product, and an annoyance to the operator. 4. Separate, from time to time, by aid of a sieve, the pulverized portions, returning the coarser particles to the mortar; and repeat this alternate pulverization and sifting until the process is completed. Compound Poioders. —1. Each substance is to be pulverized separately, and the quantity ordered in the prescription then weighed off; otherwise, the due proportions will not be maintained. 
2. Pulverize soft substances with those which are the reverse, which will thus serve as an intermedium. 
3. Pass all the substances through the same sieve, as this- will render them more homogeneous, and will also prevent unnecessary loss. Some substances, however well dried, are reduced to powder with great difficulty by the usual modes of pulverization; as, for instance, nux vomica and jalap, which require to be exposed to the steam of boiling water for some time, and then rapidly dried. 
Few articles, except those containing volatile constituents, are deteriorated in their properties by being pulverized. Some, on the contrary, become more active by this process, from their less active portions being separated; for instance, the powder (514) 


515 
PILLS AND BOLUSES. 
of" ipecacuanha, if properly prepared, and the ligneous part rejected, is far stronger than the root —all the efficient properties existing in the cortical portion. Some other processes are employed to obtain certain powders : viz. Precipitation, elutriation, and granulation. Precipitation. —Tartar emetic is obtained in a perfectly fine powder, by precipitation from a concentrated aqueous solution by means of alcohol; so, also, the precipitated carbonate of lime is prepared by the action of a solution of carbonate of soda on the solution of chloride of calcium. 
Elutriation. —This is a method by which the finer particles of a powder are separated from the coarser. It is performed by diffusing the powder through water, permitting the heavier portions to subside, then withdrawing the fluid, holding the finer particles in suspeusion, into another vessel, and allowing them to subside. This process is employed in making prepared chalk, &c. Granulation. —This is used to obtain certain metals in a finely divided state; as zinc, tin, iron, &c. Zinc is granulated either coarsely or finely: the first form is procured by melting the metal in an iron ladle, and pouring it slowly, in a fine stream, into cold water; the fine powder is obtained by rubbing the melted metal in an iron mortar. This metal loses its ductile properties at about 400°, and becomes so brittle as to be pulverized without difficulty. It does not melt, except at a temperature of 773°, so that the melting is many degrees above its brittle point; hence, by beginning the trituration at the melting point, it gradually reaches that at which it is most readily pulverized. The mortar should be thick and well heated before the fluid metal is poured into it. After being granulated, it should be properly sifted. The granulation of tin may be effected in the same manner; but a more common mode is to pour the melted metal into a strong wooden box, provided with a closelyfitting lid, and agitating till the tin is cold; by this means, it is rapidly converted into powder and small grains, which can be separated from each other by elutriation or sifting. Iron is granulated by filing, or by means of a pestle and mortar (see page 227); but the best means to procure metallic iron in a finely divided state is by reducing it from the state of the carbonate by means of hydrogen gas (see page 227). 
Pills and Boluses. —Pills are small globular masses, of a semi-solid consistence, of the weight of half a grain to six grains, having as a base a powdery extract, &c, and rendered of the proper consistence by a syrup, pulp, &c. A bolus differs from a pill merely in being much larger, and generally less solid, weighing from six to twelve graius, and even more. No form of medicinal agents is more frequently employed than that of the pill; not only because of the facility with which it is administered, and its comparatively little taste, but because this form answers so excellent a purpose in the preservation of certain compounds. The article, or articles, to be administered in this mode, should first be formed into a consistent, moderately-firm mass—sufficiently plastic to admit of its being moulded into shape, without adhesion to the moulding instrument, and yet of so firm a consistence as to retain the form given to it. To accomplish this, the following rules must be attended to :— 
1. All the constituents, which can be pulverized, must be reduced to the state of i fine powder, and then thoroughly mixed together. 2. If soft ingredients enter into the composition, they must be triturated with the harder articles, which thus serve as an intermedium. 3. No deliquescent salt should enter into the composition of officinal pills; otherwise they will become altered and decomposed. 4. The nature of the excipient should be suited to that of the constituents : thus, syrups are to be used for most vegetable powders; soap for fatty matters; calcined magnesia for copaiba and turpentine. In some cases, no excipient is required, as for most of the gum resins. Extracts, also, when of proper consistence, can be made 


516 
PILLS AND BOLUSES 
into pills without any addition. Mucilage, which is often ordered in the formation of various pills, is only suited to those which are to be used in a short time after 
Fig. 11. 
Counter Drawer Containino a Pill-machine. A. Pill-machine. B. Pill-cutter. C Roller. D. D. Sides of the drawer. 
they are made; but is not suited to such as are to be kept, because pills, into which it 
Fig. 12. 
Fig. 12. Water-bath, in which is placed the teasel, a. holding a solution of one part of gelatine in two parts of water. 6. Waste pipe > carry off the steam, c. Gas burner. 
enters as an excipient, become so bard as to pass through the bowels almost unaltered. 5. The excipient should be gradually added, and the mass beaten and triturated till it is perfectly homogeneous. 6. When the pilular mass is properly made, the next operation consists in dividing it into pills of equal size, which is effected by dividing it with a spatula into morsels of the requisite weight, and rolling them between the fingers; or, in a more effectual, rapid, and cleanly manner, by means of a pill-machine. (See fig. 11.) 7. To prevent any adhesion of the pills after they are made, and to prevent any disagreeable taste, they are, in most cases, covered with an inert powder: as, powdered liquoriceroot, starch, orris-root, lycopodium, and frequently with magnesia; but this latter is wholly unsuited to some preparations—for instance, to pills of calomel—as decomposition will be caused. In Europe, they are often coated with gold or silver leaf; but this plan is seldom adopted in this country. Where, from their nauseous taste, or other circumstances, it becomes expedient to cover them, 


517 
EXTRACTS. 
this is best done by means of gelatine. Each pill, being stuck on the point of a thin wire, four or five inches in length, is dipped into a solution of gelatine, 
(a, fig. 12,) so as to coat it completely; and the wire is theu inserted into a pin-cush-* ion, or a vessel containing fine sand, (fig. 13,) and left till the gelatine is firm, which occurs in about a quarter of an hour, when the pill can be transferred to a pan, (fig. 14,) to dry. 
(a, fig. 12,) so as to coat it Fig. 13. Fig. H. completely; and the wire is a « f t.9?». then inserted into a pin-cush-' 
Fig. 14. 
Coating Pius witii Gfxatine. Fig. 13. Vessel partly filled with sand, into which the pins holding the coated pills are stuck. Fig. 14. Pan for holding the partially-dried pills. 
Extracts.—This name is given to all products resulting 
from the evaporation of a solution, maceration, digestion, or infusion, or of an expressed juice. They are generally of a soft consistence, of a dark color, and of an odor and taste analogous to those of the substance from which they are derived. They have been classed, according to the fluid employed in obtaining them; as watery, alcoholic, hydro-alcoholic, ethereal, vinous, acetic, &c. Some, however, are made from the expressed juices of plants, without any intermedium. The great object, in selecting one or more of these menstrua, is to employ that which takes up the largest proportion of the active ingredients of the root, bark, &c.; for the most advantageous solvent for one constituent may be wholly inefficient for others. Thus, alcohol is the proper menstruum for resinous substances, water for bitter extractive, vinegar or diluted acids, for articles containing the alkaloids, &c.; but, in many cases, an extract, containing all the active properties of the drug, can be obtained only by a combination or a succession of different solvents. Extracts made by inspissating the expressed juices of plants have been considered to contain the active principles of the vegetable in a less altered form than by any other mode. But it has been shown that such is far from being the case, as, in some instances, the expressed juice does not contain the active constituents. Thus, in aconitum, much of the efficient principle is left in the residuum; added to which, in some extracts made in this manner, the medicinal ingredients are destroyed, or much deteriorated, in the evaporation. This is obviated, in a great measure, by allowing the expressed juice to evaporate spontaneously at ordinary temperatures; or, by carrying on this process in vacuo. It has been found that extracts made by the latter method have more of the aroma and taste of the original article, keep better, and are more efficient. When inspissation of the natural juices of the plant is not practicable, a solution of the active ingredients is to be obtained by the use of certain menstrua—as water and alcohol—according to the substance to be acted upon. When the active principles are soluble in water, that fluid is to be used as the vehicle of extraction; when resinous, alcohol is to be employed ;- when oleo-resinous, ether will be found the best menstruum. When it is desired that all the principles soluble in the various menstrua should be reunited in the extract, the vegetable substance is first to be subjected to the action of one, and then to another, of the solvents; and the solutions thus obtained are to be mixed together, and properly inspissated. These solutions are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, and displacement. Decoction is seldom to be employed, as it affords extracts containing much inert matter, and, of course, of inferior quality. Of late years, the process of displacement has been much used in the formation of extracts, whatever the menstruum selected, as it affords a solution of the soluble principles in a much smaller quantity of fluid; and hence, prevents the injurious effects of too long an exposure to heat in the subsequent evaporation. (See Tinctures.) With regard to the mode of evaporating extracts, much caution is requisite, as the various constituents of these bodies are very liable to undergo decomposition. 


518 
CONFECTIONS, CONSERVES, ELECTUARIES. 
when exposed to the action of heat and atmospheric air. Sometimes the evaporation, especially of aqueous solutions, is performed over the naked fire; but this plan 
Fig. 16. 
Water Bath. 
' This is made of tinned-iron, or copper, in such a manner, as to leave a space between the two rings forming its wall, into which water can be introduced through the orifice a. The temperature of the water can be raised by a stove heat, or by the spirit lamp (represented beneath) above 212° F., by causing the mouth of the tube b to dip into a cup of mercury. 
is liable to many objections, more particularly towards the close of the operation, when a small excess of heat may cause such a change in the character ot the ingredients as to deprive them of all useful properties; and it is from this cause that so many of the extracts found in the shops are wholly worthless. Other and far better methods consist in the use of water and steam-baths (see Fig. 15), which prevent all danger of burning the extract. In the inspissation, when conducted in open vessels, it is of importance that the evaporation should be carried on rapidly, that the solution may be exposed to the action of the air for as short a time as possible. Evaporation in vacuo is always to be preferred when practicable, as the process can not only be carried on at a lower temperature, but the deteriorating influence of the air is avoided. 
The great objection is the additional expense it entails on the operation. Spontaneous evaporation has also been successfully employed; though necessarilj- slow, it affords excellent products. It is always advantageous to aid this process by employing artificial heat to a certain degree, by conducting it in a drying room or warm closet, and by causing a current of dry air, heated to about 100°, to pass over the surface of the evaporating fluid. Extracts made in this manner keep well, not undergoing the spontaneous decomposition so detrimental to extracts in general. When alcoholic solutions are to be concentrated, distillation should always be used, as not only can the alcohol be recovered, but, from the process being carried on out of the atmospheric air, one great source of injury to the product is avoided. The consistence of extracts varies according to their ingredients, and the purposes to which they are to be applied. In addition to the fluid extracts, properly so-called, two different degrees of consistence are recognized in the Pharmacopoeias : one so soft as to be readily made into pills; the other so hard as to be pulverizable. These different forms of extracts are useful because of the readiness with which they can be formed into pills or powders, when prescribed. But, in many cases, extracts undergo a change, some becoming soft and others hard; and one of the difficult parts of an apothecary's business is to keep these preparations of an uniform consistence. They should be preserved in glazed earthenware pots, protected as much as possible from the action of the air. Notwithstanding every precaution that can* be taken, a diminution of activity will, sooner or later, take place; hence, these preparations should be examined from time to time, and, if necessary, be renewed. The safest plan is to renew those made from recent plants once a year. 
Confections, Conserves, Electuaries. — As there is no essential difference in these preparations, they may be advantageously treated under one head. They are simple and compound: the first being merely a mixture of a recent vegetable substance and sugar, beaten into an uniform mass; the second, of the same substances, but in greater numbers. In consequence of the greater simplicity of prescriptions, of late years, the number of preparations of this kind have greatly diminished, and they are employed more as vehicles for other medicines than for their own remedial powers. The following rules are to be observed in their preparation and preservation: — 


519 
PULPS — SYRUPS. 
1. The powders to be incorporated are to be in a state of fine division, and th* pulps used, perfectly homogeneous, and not too fluid. 2. The mixture should be intimate, and the consistence of the resulting mass should be solid enough to prevent a separation of the ingredients; and yet ciently soft to allow of its being swallowed without being masticated. 3. If the mixture swells up, and gives off carbonic acid, it is to be well rubbed in a mortar, to break down any. sugar that may have crystallized, and any hard lumps that may have formed, so as again to form an uniform mass. 4. They should be preserved in eartheuware or porcelain pots, well covered, and kept in a moderately moist situation. 
Pulps are simple medicinal preparations, of a soft consistence, formed of the tissues of vegetable substances, or some of their thin parts ; they differ from extracts in containing insoluble as well as soluble principles. They are to be prepared by rubbing the fruit, or other articles from which they are made, through a wire sieve, so as to separate the vegetable fibre from the soft parts by which it is surrounded. When the fruit is hard or dry, it is to be softened by means of boiling water, previous to expression through the sieve. The expressed pulp, if not sufficiently consisfent, is to be properly evaporated. Pulps are to be preserved in the same manner as confections. Very few of these preparations are now used in medicine. 
Syrups.—These are liquid, viscous medicines, consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar in aqueous fluids. All fluids susceptible of dissolving more than their weight of sugar can be formed into syrups. These syrups are of two kinds : simple and compound. Simple syrup is prepared by dissolving sugar in pure water ; and compound syrups are obtained by dissolving the sugar in solutions of various substances, formed by infusion, decoction, expression, &c. The former is usually made in this country from refined sugar, and not, as in Europe, from the impure and unrefined qualities of this article. All syrups require to be perfectly filtered, so as to be limpid, and they should have a certain viscidity of consistence, and be capable of being preserved without entering into fermentation, or crystallization. These latter properties depend on their not containing the proper proportion of sugar —an excess being deposited in a crystalline form, and a deficiency causing the solution to run into fermentation. The best mode of ascertaining the proper point of concentration is by means of the specific gravity at different temperatures. The specific gravity of well-prepared simple syrup is, when boiling, about 1261, and when cold 1-319; but the proper degree of concentration is more readily obtained by means of Baumo's hydrometer, (see pages 31, 34). This should stand at about 30° in boiling syrup, and at 35° when it is cold. Other modes are also employed, which, although sufficiently accurate in the hands of an experienced operator, are not to be generally depended upon. They are derived from the degree of viscosity acquired by the syrup, as shown by the time required for the parts of a drop to re-unite, and by the length of the thread which a drop will produce before detaching itself, when poured from a spoon or ladle. When the syrup, on cooling, presents a crystalline pellicle, it is a proof that the evaporation has been carried too far; but, when the sugar has been mixed with an acid, or wheu the process has been too much prolonged, the sugar loses its power of crystallization, however much the syrup is concentrated, and, therefore, does not form a pellicle. The compound syrups, if kept any time, are liable to various alterations, depending«on their nature, aud the degree of care used in their preparation. Thus, the acid syrups, as the syrup of lemons, when too concentrated, deposit a copious white precipitate ; and, in some cases, solidify entirely. By heating them, they again become liquid; but again let fall a precipitate on cooling. This deposit is analogous to grape sugar, and is caused by the action of the acid on the sugar. When the sugar bears too small a proportion to the liquid, syrups are apt to run into fermentation. Eveu wheu the sugar is in proper proportion, this change often takes place, if the solutiou contains much amylaceous or extractive vegetable matter. Even when too much 


520 
MELLITES — INFUSIONS — DECOCTIONS. 
concentrated, they may also undergo this change, from part of the sugar being deposited in a crystalline state; and the crystal, attracting the sugar necessary to the preservation of the syrup, reduces its strength, and renders it liable to the same change although it was originally too weak. especially those containing the juices of fruits, should be bottled whilst hot, and, when cold, well stopped and sealed; and these, as well as all other kinds, should be kept in a temperature not exceeding 60° F. Various plans have been devised to preserve syrups; but the best is to prepare them only in such quantities as will be used within a short time. The addition of chlorate of potassa, as advised by Maculloch, and of sugar of milk, as advised by Chereau, has proved useful; but the best mode is that of Mr. Durand, viz., adding about one drachm of Hoffmann's anodyne to each pint of syrup ; this appears to have the property of arresting or preventing any tendency to fermentation. 
Mellttes, or Honeys, are liquid, viscous medicines, somewhat analogous to syrups, but in which the sugar is replaced by honey. Like syrups, they may be divided into simple and compound, or medicated. Their preparation, medical propertied, modes of administration and preservation, are very similar to those of the syrups, and do not, therefore, require further notice. Though formerly much used, they are now seldom prescribed, as they are often found to disagree with the stomach, especially if made with the honey of commerce in an unpurified state. 
Infusions are aqueous solutions, made by treating vegetable products with cold or hot water, but never carried to ebullition. They are seldom made by the apothecary, who merely furnishes the medicinal ingredients; whilst the preparation is usually confided to the nurse or other attendant on the patient. This plan, although more economical than when the preparation is compounded by the apothecary, often renders the prescription of the physician of little avail, from the infusion being erroneously made. They are generally prepared by pouring boiling water on the ingredients, and macerating in a tightly-covered vessel until the liquid cools ; or the vessel is kept for some time at a low heat before a fire. In most cases, an infusion should be strained or filtered before being used; but, in general, nurses are content merely to decant them for use. The vessels, in which infusions are made, are usually of stone or earthenware. When it is an object to retain the heat as long as possible, polished metallic vessels, provided they are not acted upon by the infusion, are to be preferred, as, from their inferior radiating powers, they retain heat better than earthenware. Infusions are mostly made for extemporaneous use, as they are exceedingly liable to decomposition, and consequently cannot be kept long without spoiling. They may, however, be preserved for some time by pouring them, whilst hot, into bottles, so as to fill them, and forcing in stout corks. If the operation be properly performed, so as to perfectly exclude the air, the infusion will keep for some months. An infusion made with cold water, by the process of displacement, has less tendency to spoil than one made in the usual manner with hot water. 
Decoctions differ from infusions in the circumstance that the substance to be acted upon is subjected to the solvent action of the menstruum at its boiling point, and continued for a longer or shorter period, according to the solubility of the substance, or its constituents. By decoction, all the principles soluble in water can be obtained; and even many substances not properly soluble in that fluid are diffused through it, and held in suspension. On the other hand, many substances are injured or destroyed by decoction, especially when their active principles are volatile, and when, during ebullition, chemical changes take place, by which the active constituents are rendered insoluble, or are decomposed. In fact, protracted ebullition is seldom required since the process of displacement has become known, as it has been found that water at a common temperature, by this method, will exhaust most vegetable substances more effectually than the same fluid at 212° by decoction. There are uome exceptions; as all emulsive preparations, and certain gummy solutions, require 


521 
TINCTURES. 
ebullition. As in the case of infusions, decoctions are only made extemporaneously, for they readily decompose by keeping. They should be prepared in closed vessels, ' and generally in those of earthenware. Copper vessels should be used with great care, as many vegetable decoctions corrode them, especially if permitted to cool them. Iron vessels are not to be employed when the decoction contains gallic acid. Zinc is very rapidly acted upon by many vegetable substances, should, therefore, be avoided. In all cases, the vessels employed should be deep and narrow, rather than broad and shallow, to obviate as much as possible the influeuce of the air on the product. 
Tinctures are solutions of vegetable, animal, and, in some cases, of mineral substances in spirituous fluids. The spirit employed is alcohol, either diluted or undiluted, either pure or medicated ; and, in some cases, ether. The form of tincture is one much used in pharmacy: it presents the active principles of drugs in a small volume; it can be preserved in an unaltered state for a long time; and is, in most cases, well adapted to unite with other substances iu extemporaneous prescriptions. Tinctures are made by maceration, or by displacement. Maceration is an operation in which, by the action of a fluid at common temperatures, continued for a certain length of time, a solution of the principles of an organic substance in that fluid is obtained. As before stated, in making tinctures, the strength of the spirituous menstruum employed is varied according to circumstances. If the substance to be acted upon is resinous, alcohol is to bo employed; if it contains also matters soluble in water, and insoluble in pure alcohol, this article, in a diluted state, is to be used. The period of maceration varies from a few hours to several weeks; and, during the process, the vessel in which it is performed should be kept closed, to prevent evaporation. When the spirit has remained upon the substance for the directed period, it should be decanted, instead of being left, as is too often the case, standing on the dregs until it is used. This practice is erroneous, and may be attended with evil consequences; for the characters and properties of a tincture which has been suffered to remain too long in contact with the solid ingredients, will often be found to differ considerably from what they would have been if the process had been terminated at the indicated time. When a tincture is made by maceration, it requires to be filtered, after being separated from the dregs; otherwise, it will be turbid, and deposit much insoluble matter on standing. Displacement. — This process is of comparatively late introduction in the making of tinctures, &c. For a great proportion of these preparations, it is decidedly to be preferred to maceration; but for others it has not proved so satisfactory. Mohr and Redwood observe, on this point: — " When tinctures are made in large quantities, displacement is never likely to supersede maceration, on account of any practical advantages it may possess. If the prescribed directions be duly attended to, the process of maceration is unexceptiouable. The process is more simple than the other; the mode of operating is more uniform, it is, in fact, always the same; it requires less of skill and dexterity in conducting it; it requires less constant attention during its progress, which, in operating on large quantities, is a consideration; and, finally, the apparatus required is less complicated. " When only small quantities of tincture are made at a time, and kept in stock, the adoption of the process of displacement will often bo found convenient and advantageous. It offers the means of making a tincture in two or three hours, which, by the other process, would require as many weeks. The process being thus completed in so short a time (for the quantity contemplated might be made at one operation), it would not be so likely as the other to experience neglect during the performance of it, or a deviation from the prescribed instructions; the product would, therefore, be more uniform. Finally, in many cases, the tincture and spirit may be removed from the dregs more completely, in operating on small quantities, by this process, than by the other." 


522 
TINCTURES 
Fig. 16. 
Displacement Apparatus. 
"VARIOUS 
Fig. 17. 
FORMS OF DISPLACKMENT-APPARATUS. 
Fig. 20. 
Glass Displacer. 
Displaces for Volatile Liquids. 
Glass Displacrr. 
Fig. 16. Apparatus for tinctures, A. The glass adapter, closed by a diaphragm at the lower end, on which is placed some clean sand. The adapter is fitted by a perforated cork into the mouth of the botlle 1$. Cu a tube drawn to a capillary point to permit the escape of air. Fig. 19. A is an ordinary tin percolator having the rim c soldered around it, to form a water-joint when the lid d is placed in it. a is a perforated diaphragm, and e. a tin tube, through which the atmosphere of the bottle B communicates with that above. 
Fig. 21. Fig. 22. 
Continuous Displacement. 
Fig. 19. 
Figs. 20 and 21. Common glass chimneys with muslin diaphragms across the lower end. Fig. 22 shows an arrangement for continuous displacement. Whenever the fluid in the percolator sinks below the mouth of the inverted bottle, the contents of the latter will run out aud maintain the supply. 
Several forms of displacement-apparatus are used in this country, but the one most frequently employed is that of Boullay. It is a vessel nearly cylindrical, made of tin, with its lower end funnel-shaped. It is made of various sizes; with the cylinder 12 inches in length by 2$ in diameter, or 14 by 4, or 17 by 6. A movable metallic plate, pierced with numerous holes, and provided with a knob or handle in the centre, and fitted accurately to the lower part of the cylinder, is to be placed in the projecting supports. On this, a thin stratum of carded cotton, covered with the powder to be operated upon, is to be laid, and the process carried on as directed above. This apparatus should be furnished with a stopcock at the lower end. Soubeiran has made an improvement on this filter by adapting to it a tin receiver, provided with a cock at the lower part, so that the filtered liquor can be drawn off at will. The substance to be exhausted must be reduced to various degrees of division in different instances; but, for the most part, the form of coarse powder is the most suitable, because, when the powder is very fine, the fluid is apt to be arrested in its passage, after becoming saturated with the soluble principles. In general, it is proper to soak the powder for a few hours with a sufficiency of the spirit, to make it into a stiff pulp, before putting it into the cylinder; otherwise, the spirit may make narrow passages for itself, and leave a part of the material unacted on; but, in some instances, no such preliminary step is necessary, and here, as in the case of tincture of myrrh, the best procedure is to introduce the powder in the dry state, and to pour the spirit over it. Before the spirit is poured over the pulp or powder, it must be packed in the cylinder. The degree of pressure to be used, which varies in 


523 
WINES 
different instances, is to be learned only from experience in each case; and it may be observed, that this is the operation on the correct performance of which the success of the process chiefly depends, and the only one which requires some skill and nicety of management. If the material be loosely packed, the spirit will'WL through too quickly, and will not be sufficiently saturated; if too firm pressurWrc employed, percolation will take place too slowly, or not at all. On the whole, the firmness of the packing should be inversely as the solvent power of the spirit upon the solid materials; but to this rule there are many exceptions. Since the fluid, for an obvious reason, passes after a time with increasing speed, it is occasionally necessary to press down the matter in the cylinder as the process advances; but neither does this rule always apply. In some operations, especially those on the large scale, it is found useful to promote the displacement by pressure. This may be produced simply by supplying the solvent through a tube several feet high, adapted to the upper end of the cylinder, and terminating at the top in a funnel. A still better method, as involving the use of less spirit, consists in the use of compressed air. By means of a condensing syringe, or a column of water or mercury in a tube, air is condensed in the bottle below; and, when the material and spirit have been introduced into the percolator, the top is tightly secured by a screw, and the compressed air admitted by a stopcock. This method answers excellently on the small scale with a column of mercury. 
The solution which first passes through in this process is always in a state of high concentration. In general, it is a simple solution of the soluble ingredients of the crude drug in the fluid employed. But sometimes the solvent, if compound, is resolved into its component parts; and the fluid which passes through is only one of these, holding the soluble parts of the drug in solution. Thus, if diluted alcohol be poured over powder of myrrh, in the cylinder, the fluid which first drops into the receiver is a solution of oily consistence, composed of resin and volatile oil dissolved in alcohol. And, if powder of galls be acted on in like manner, by aqueous sulphuric ether, two layers of fluid are obtained—a highly concentrated solution of tannin in the water of the ether, and a weak solution of the same principle in pure ether. 
Displacement is accomplished, in the manner here described, with little or no intermixture of the liquid above, with that which is below, in the. pulpy mass. If, after the pulp has been allowed to drain till drops cease to fall, the quantity of spirit retained by it be ascertained—that is, by subtracting what has dropped from what has been used to make the pulp,—and the same quantity be poured gently over the mass, repeatedly, as soon as the dropping caused by each successive addition ceases, a series of liquids will be obtained by the simple displacement of one another in the pulp; and the last portion of spirit used may be obtained by pouring over the pulp the same quantity of water. Hence, one of the many advantages possessed by this method of making tinctures, over the ordinary mode by maceration and expression, is that no part of the tincture is lost by being left behind in the residuum. Even when a strict attention is paid to the prescribed formula, the resulting tinctures may be found to vary in medicinal strength; for any variation in the activity of the drug will influence the tincture. These preparations, although retaining their properties better than other vegetable solutions, will gradually undergo changes, from age and exposure, either losing their color, depositing insoluble matter, or, in some cases, as in that of the tincture of kino, becoming less astringent, and gradually gelatinizing. 
Wines are tinctures in which the menstruum is wine, Sherry wine is ordered to be employed by the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeias. The solvent power of wines on vegetable products depends on the water and alcohol they contain; the other principles found in them are injurious to it as an excipient; the mucilage disposing to fermentation, and the coloring matters and tannin often decomposing the active principles of the vegetable substances dissolved in it. On this account, these preparations are now going out of use, and mixtures of alcohol and water, of the proper 


524 
VINEGARS —MIXTURES. 
strength, substituted as solvents. These can always be made of definite strength, which can seldom be attained when wine is used. wines are made by maceration or displacement; but the latter process is jHpm used. In whatever way they arc prepared, they are very liable to undergo a and hence should be made in small quantities only, aud be kept in well-closed bottles, and in a cool and dark place. 
Vinegars are solutions of certain parts of vegetables in distilled vinegar or diluted acetic acid. Few of these preparations are officinal; but, in some cases, the state of solution in distilled vinegar is the best that can be desired, at least as far as energy is concerned. This is particularly the case when the activity of the medicinal substance depends on the presence of an alkaloid, which, by uniting with the acetic acid, forms a salt that is readily soluble; and, therefore, may be more perfectly extracted than by other menstrua. As even distilled vinegar contains vegetable matter, rendering it liable to decomposition, it has been found advantageous to substitute acetic acid, properly diluted. In consequence of this liability to become decomposed, medicated vinegars should be made in small quantities, and be renewed at short intervals. In many cases, the acetates of the vegetable alkaloids, dissolved in water or diluted alcohol, may be substituted for medicated vinegars, producing all their good effects, and attended with but few of their disadvantages. 1 
Mixtures are liquid medicines containing two or more ingredients, generally of extemporaneous preparation, though a few are recognized as officinal. They are in very constant use in the administration of remedies. The ingredients which usually enter into their composition are salts, and other solid bodies which are soluble, or readily miscible with aqueous fluids; also tinctures, spirits, syrups, decoctions, &c. In making a mixture, the objects to be attained are the perfect solution of the soluble ingredients, and an equal diffusion of those which are not so, through the excipient, as well as the thorough admixture of all the constituents, so that each dose shall be similarly composed. The combination of articles in a mixture is effected either by agitation, or by rubbing the ingredients together iu a mortar. When volatile substances enter into a mixture, they should be added last. Insoluble powders, which are easily diffused through a fluid, may be mixed with the liquid ingredients, by merely shaking them together in the bottle. When, however, powders do not mix readily with liquids, they must be triturated in a mortar with a small quantity of the fluid, gradually adding more, until they are of the consistence of thin paste. In the same manner, extracts and electuaries are to be rubbed down with a portion of the excipient previous to putting them in the bottle. Draughts differ from mixtures only in being designed to be taken at a single dose. This is not a common mode of prescribing medicines, but in some cases it is advantageous, as, when it is wished to apportion the doses of a medicine accurately, or when the medicine is liable to undergo a change from the action of air. Emulsions are mixtures containing substances of an oleaginous or resinous nature suspeuded in aqueous fluids by the aid of gum, syrup, yolk of egg, or any viscid matter. It is a mechanical compound, and the union of its ingredients is promoted and rendered more or less permanent by the addition of an alkali. Emulsions are made by triturating certain oleaginous seeds with water, or by mixing the oil procured from them with the necessary ingredients; and also from gum resins in the same manner. Sometimes they are made with oils and an alkali. In making an emulsion of the oils or oleo-resius with mucilage, the former should be gradually added to the latter; by adding the mucilage to the oil, a good emulsion cannot be formed. Mucilage is preferable to an alkali in making many emulsions, as those with castor oil or copaiba; an alkali is preferable in forming an emulsion of almond or olive oil; but an emulsion formed with either of these agents alone will often separate, if the other be added, The presence of soluble salts in an emulsion is also apt to cause a separation of the oil. Much spirit will produce the same effect in emulsions 


525 
MEDICATED WATERS. 
made with mucilage, and an acid in those made with an alkali. Some substances cannot be formed into good emulsions either with an alkali or with mucilage. This is the case with spermaceti and oil of turpentine. In such cases, the yolk of an egg is the best agent for effecting the admixture, by rubbing down the ingredients mortar. * 
Volatile oils are most readily made into an emulsion by being previously mixed with one of the terebinthinate fixed oils. Scammony is formed into an emulsion by means of milk ; but resin of jalap will not unite with this fluid, and is best emulsionized by triturating it with almonds and water. Emulsions should be made with cold water, and strained. Mr. W. Procter, Jr., gives the following valuable directions for making emulsions (Phil. Journ. Pharm. xv. 11) : " In making an emulsion, a good deal depends even on so slight a circumstance as the form and material of the mortar and pestle. An emulsion may, indeed, be made iu a smooth porcelain mortar, but the process is unquestionably more successful and easy in a Wedgewood one, and still more so in the old-fashioned marble mortar, which is generally used to this day by the druggists and apothecaries in England. But whatever be the composition of the mortar, it is essential that it should be perfectly round at the bottom; not flattish, as is sometimes the case; and the pestle should be so formed as in its motion to leave no hollows between its base and the concave surface of the mortar. Otherwise, the emulsion will most probably be imperfect. The mucilage or other viscid substance should always be put into the mortar before anything else : the oil (or balsam) may then be very gradually rubbed in, taking care not to add it more quickly than it can be subdued by the pestle; and if, during this part of the manipulation, the mixture should begin to assume a breaking or curdling appearance at the edges, a few drops of water must be immediately incorporated with it, before adding the remainder of the oil. For want of this precaution, I have often known an emulsion suddenly to lose its tenacious consistence in the mortar, and it is then in vain to endeavor to restore it. After the oil is thoroughly incorporated, some care is requisite to avoid separating it again by too hasty an effusion of the water or other fluid of the mixture; and, if any alcoholic or acid liquid is to be added, it must be at the very end of the process. Indeed, an acid liquid, even a slightly acescent syrup, will often entirely destroy the emulsion. Mixtures of copaiba'are frequently spoiled by the addition of sweet spirit of nitre; which might be avoided by first diluting it with one or two portions of water." 
Medicated Waters. —This term is used by the U. S. Pharmacopoeia to designate all preparations of water impregnated with medicinal substances, not appertaining to other classes of preparations. It iucludes the Distilled Waters of the British Colleges, and is a more appropriate designation, because many of the latter preparations are not distilled waters, but are made with an essential oil united to the water by trituration or agitation, no distillation being employed. By Distillation. — There are two modes of obtaining medicated waters by this process; 1st, by distilling the water directly off the substances; 2d, by employing the essential oil already separated from the vegetable, and distilling it over with the water. In most cases, where the fresh plant can be procured, it is to be preferred. Many of these substances lose their volatile oil and fragrant properties by drying; but, in some instances, the oil is retained, notwithstanding desiccation. Many which lose the oil by the process of drying retain it fully for a length of time, when preserved by being beat into a pulp with common salt; and, when kept in this state, afford very good distilled waters. The material which supplies the volatile oil is, in general, simply mixed with the water in a state of fine division; and this is probably the best mode, where heat is used in such a way as to exclude the risk of empyreuma. If it does not require to be finely divided, as in the case of fresh leaves and flowers, it may be put conveniently into a net-bag, which, suspended in the middle of the still, may be withdrawn with facility, when its contents are exhausted. Some manufacturers use steam, 


526 
MEDICATED WATERS. 
instead of water, for obtaining distilled waters: that is, the material to be distilled is spread over a fine gauze partition, or a plate perforated with numerous small boles, and steam is driven through the mass. Jfi 7 hen the vegetable substance to be exhausted is a bark, wood, or other solid OTWer, it must be reduced to a state of moderately fine division. But this is not generally necessary in the case of leaves or flowers, because boiling water breaks down the cells in which the volatile oil is contained. When leaves, however, are thick and leathery, as in the instance of the cherry-laurel, the process is facilitated by chopping them down; and, in most cases, where leaves are large, it is difficult to get a sufficient quantity into the still without cutting them into pieces. In preparing the finer kinds of distilled waters, it is necessary to clean the materials carefully, to remove all decayed leaves or flowers, or those infested by insects, and sometimes also to separate the leaf-stalks, or the green claw of the petals. Heat may often be applied directly to the vessel; but in this way empyreuma is apt to be occasioned, especially in large operations, in consequence of the solid matters remaining fixed at the bottom. To avoid this, it is usual to apply the heat, in limited operations, through the medium of a solution of bydrochlorate of lime, which raises a temperature between 212° and 270°, according to its strength—or by means of an oil-bath, with a thermometer to regulate the temperature; and, on the great scale, it is best applied by means of steam admitted under pressure into a space surrounding the still.—Another cause of the empyreumatic taint of some distilled waters is the formation of a species of mucilaginous substance, at the expense of the volatile oil. This substance, which forms chiefly when the distillation is pushed too fast, or too far, and is seen encrusting globules of volatile oil, undissolved in the water, is apt to deposit itself on the side of the still, above the boiling materials, where it is afterwards decomposed by the heat. This fact explains the well-known observation, that the finest distilled waters are obtained by gentle distillation, and by abstaining from complete exhaustion of the materials. A still greater improvement is to prepare them with the vacuum-still, in the same way as is now often practiced in making extracts. [Although a minute description of the process of distillation cannot be given in a work of this kind, yet the mode of conducting it on a small scale will be better understood by reference to the accompanying figures from Mohr, Redwood, and Procter's Pharmacy. 
Fig. 23. 
\ B J 1 A 
Fig. 23 represents a pharmaceutical still, holding about two gallons, made of tinned iron, and intended to fit in the top of a cylinder stove. A is the boiler; B the head, on the inner surface of which the condensation occurs; C the nock communicating with the recipient, a a is a rim, soldered around the mouth of the boiler, so as to form a waterjoint; c c is a circular rim, soldered on the base of the head, in such a manner that the upper part forms a gutter for conducting the condensed fluid from the base of the condensing cone, d d, to the neck, C, whilst the lower part projects below into the double rim of the boiler, o a, to form the waterjoint, b is an opening corresponding to the tubulureof a retort, which 
Pharmaceutical Still, seen in section. 
•nades the operator to inspect the progress of the distillation, and to stir the contents of the still when necessary. This opening is stopped with a cork, or a tin cap. e is a funnel-tube into which a current of cold water runs during distillation, the warm water running oif by the tube on the opposite side. In using this apparatus, the water-joint should be two-thirds filled with water, the materials introduced, and the head adjusted and filled with water. 


527 
MEDICATED WATERS 
Fig. 24. 
Distillation of Spirits. 
Fig. 24 represents Mohr's still, whieh is verv convenient for limited operations, o, the retort; 6, the connecting tube; c, the refrigerator, through which passes the condensing tube, represented at a, Fig. 25; d. the stand for supporting « the tub of cold water; /, the refuse water. 
Figs. 26 and 27. A very simple and convenient arrangement is represented in these figures. Fig. 26. a, funnel for introducing fresh liquid into the flask during distillation. 6, the connecting tube. Fig. 27. Liebig's condenser, consisting of the tube 6, through which a glass tube is seen to pass. This connects by one end with tho connecting tube of the flask, and from the other the distillate drops out. 
By placing a vessel holding water, and provided with a stop-cock, on one of the rings eee, and by turning the cock, a continuous stream of water is carried through the tube c to the lower end of the condenser b, then upwards, surrounding the glass tube until it escapes by the pipe d. The 
Fig. 25. 
retort stand consists of the foot x, of the rod z, of the Gay-Lussau holder a, and of the rings eee. 
Fig. 26. 
Gas Fcpnace and Flask pob Distillation. 
Fig. £7. 
Liebiq's Condenser. 
[One of these three forms of apparatus will be found very convenient in conducting the distillatory processes of the shop.— Editor.'] 


528 
DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 
The other mode of obtaining medicated waters by distillation is by employing the volatile oil, previously separated from the plant, for the vegetable itself. This mode of operating affords a product less liable to change than the above; but it is not bo flkmatic as when obtained from the fresh plant. waters, however carefully they may be kept, are apt, sooner or later, to lose their aroma; and some of them even become mouldy, and acquire thereby an unpleasant odor. They have been thought to keep better with the addition of about a fortieth part of rectified spirit; which may be either put into the still with the water, or added afterwards to the distilled fluid. But the advantages of this addition, although sanctioned by the authority of the Dublin Pharmacopoeia, are doubted by practical men. It is believed that the most effectual precaution for preserving them is to prepare them with extremely pure, natural waters, such as snow, rain, or very fine spring water (Midler), free, especially, of any unusual proportion of carbonic acid ; and to keep them in black, orange, or red bottles, instead of bottles of clear glass (Hanle). A better mode of procedure is to re-distil the water as soon as any change is perceived iu it; this restores its original odor, and renders it less subject to alteration. 
By Admixture. —Another method of making medicated waters is by impregnating the water with the volatile oil, by triturating them together with the addition of carbonate of magnesia, and filtering to remove the latter. This affords an excellent product, as it is pure and permanent. The addition of the carbonate of magnesia is merely to enable the operator to produce such a minute division of the oil as will enable water to act on it more efficiently. Other powders act in the same way, and are preferred by some manufacturers. 
Distilled, Essential, or Volatile Oils. — Volatile oils are contained in vegetable cells, generally peculiar, and often so large as to be distinct to the naked eye. Sometimes they exist in such abundance that the oil may be obtained by mete expression. The oils of lemon, orange, bergamot, and citron are prepared in this way by the manufacturer; and from many other substances, such as the unripe germen of rue, aud the undeveloped corolla of the clove-tree, oils may be squeezed out by pressure with the nail. In some rare instances, as in that of the Liquid Borneo-Camphor from the Dryobalanops Camphora, and that of the Laurel-oil of Guiana from a species of Ocotea, volatile oil is obtained largely, and of considerable purity, by exudation from incisions. Much more frequently, however, it is exuded spontaneously, or from incisions, as a turpentine in combination with resin, or as a gum-resin in union with both gum and resin. Most frequently of all, it cannot be obtained by any of these modes, but adheres with more or less force to the flowers, leaves, fruit, bark, or wood, which contain it. In that case, it is sometimes destroyed or dispersed when the plant is dried, more especially if the organ which contains it is the flower; but often, when contained in the leaf, and very generally, if contained in the seed, bark, or wood, it is retained in part, or altogether, under desiccation, and even under long keeping. In some instances, it appears that the volatile oil obtained from plants does not exist ready formed, but is produced, on bruising or distilling them with water, through the reaction of other principles on one another. Of this mode of production, two remarkable examples exist —the volatile oils of the bitter almond and black mustard seed; and it is probable that the oils of cherrylaurel leaves, peach leaves, and of the leaves of other amygdalaceous plants, are similarly circumstanced. A few volatile oils used in medicine are obtained by expression, such as the oils of orange, lemon, and bergamot, already mentioned. When oils exude along with resin in the form of turpentine, they may be separated from the resin by heat alone, as they are volatilizable at about the temperature of 400°. But thus obtained, they cannot be of fine quality, because the heat required is too near that at which resins, as well as the oils themselves, undergo decomposition. In general, therefore, this plan is not followed, for pharmaceutic purposes; and volatile oils are obtained from turpentiner by distilling them with water. Por, although they do not enter into 


DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 
529 
ebullition at the temperature of boiling water, their vapors pass over in large quantity with steam; and, condensing along with it, form distilled waters —with volatile oils either floating on the water, or, more rarely, sinking to the bottom. The volatile oils of many vegetable substances are to be separated in this way alone, became the other principles contained along with them in the crude substances, are empyrerimatized by the higher temperature which is required to disengage the oil without the co-operation of watery vapor. In some instances, it has been thought advantageous to substitute for water in the still a strong solution of common salt, because a somewhat higher temperature is required to boil it. There seems an advantage, in this change, for the rectification of oils previously obtained from the raw materials in which they reside; but the advantage in the case of distillation from crude vegetable substances is doubtful. 
The method of distilling volatile oils differs little from that described above for preparing distilled waters. The same precautions must be observed in applying heat, and for the same reasons. The formation of mucilaginous matter at the expense of the oil, towards the close of the distillation, is shown by the globules of oil coming over enveloped in a fine pellicle of it. The quantity of water must be proportionally less, or rather, the same portion of water is to be used with successive portions of the material which yields the oil; otherwise, a material loss is sustained by solution of the oil in the water. In some instances, where the oil exists in low proportion, and is of great value, the distilled fluid should be left at rest for some time, and exposed to as low a temperature as can be commanded. The mixed vapors which pass over condense into a milky-looking fluid, which, after standing some time in the receiver, separates into two portions, one a solution of a part of oil in water, and the other of the oil itself, which occupies the upper or lower part, according as it is lighter or heavier than the water. Chevallier gives the following rules for the distillation of volatile oils :— 1. To operate upon large quantities, in order to obtain a greater product, and of better quality. 2. To conduct the distillation rapidly. 3. To divide the substances minutely, in order to facilitate the extrication of the oil. 4. To employ only sufficient water to prevent the plant from burning. 5. For substances whose oil is heavier than water, to saturate the water in the still with common salt, to raise the boiling point, and thus to enable the vapor to carry over more of the oil. 
Fig. 29. 
Fig. 28. 
Figs 28 and 29. Various forms of pipettes for separating liquids, filling vials, &c. (See p. 630 ) 84 


530 
DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 
6. To employ, when possible, water which had already been distilled from off the 
same substances, and had thus become saturated with oil. 7. For oils naturally fluid, to cool the liquid in the refrigeratory frequently; but 
it at 80° to 90° for those oils which easily become solid, lifter the distillation, the oil should be separated from the water; for this pur 
pose, several ingenious instruments have been devised, a few of which are repre 
sented in figures 28 to 33 inclusive. 
Fig. 30. 
Fig. 31. 
Fig. 32. 
Fig. 33. 
Separatino-Funnel. 
Separator. Separator. 
Separator. 
Fig. 30. The ordinary separating funnel, having a perforated ground-glass stopper. Fig. 31 is a vessel for separating ether, or other volatile liquids from heavier ones. Fig. 32 answers very well when the quantity of the fluids is very small. By inclining it, the heavier liquid escapes by the orifice a. 
Fig. 33 is a separator for either heavy or light oils. The former can be drawn ofl by the orifice of the tube b; the latter by the tubule d e. 
Separator for Heavy or Light Oils. 
The following table, from Chrutison's Dispensatory, showing the proportion of volatile oil obtained from the chief medicinal vegetable substances, according to the most recent experiments, will be found useful. The data are chiefly extracted or calculated from experiments by M. Raybaud in the Journal de Pharmacie, xx.— 1 by Dr. Martius in Repertorium fur die Pharmacie, xxxix.—by Dr. Bley in the same work, xlviii.—by M. Dann and by M. Voelter in the same work, lv.; —and a few have been added from experiments of Dr. Christison himself. The numbers represent the number of ounces obtained from 100 pounds avoirdupois. The letters before the figures refer to the authority for each. 
Author. Ounces in 
100 Ibs.av. 
Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond Ra 0.38 
Amygdalus communis. Bitter almond Vo 7.70 
Amyffdalus communis. Bitter almond Duflos. 0.8 to 4.80 
Angelica Archangclica—dried root Ra 4.50 
Anthemis nobilis—fresh flowers raised at Grasse Ra 0.75 
Anthemis nobilis—dried flowers do. Ra 1.38 
Anthemis nobilis—dried flowers, long kept, Germany Bl 4.50 
Anthemis nobilis—flowers freshly dried Steer 5.33 
Anthemis nobilis—flowers 12 months dried Steer 3.00 
Apium graveolens—dried fruit Ra 9.00 
Apium petroselinutn—fresh herb, after flowering Ra 3.38 
Apium petroselinum—dry fruit, France Ra 12.0 
Apium petroselinum—dry fruit, Germany Da 30.0 
Artemisia absinthium—fresh herb, Paris Ra 2.0 
Artemisia absinthium — dried herb, recent, Germany Ma 16.0 
Artemisia absinthium—dried herb, a year old, Germany Bl 8.75 
Artemisia absinthium— dried herb. 3 years old, Germany Ma 5.0 
Artemisia ? Wormseed of commerce Ra 3.0 
Artemisia ? Levant wormseed Vo 10.8 
Calamus aromaticus—fresh root, Germany Ma 16.0 
Calamus aromaticus—recently dried, Germany Bl 17.5 
Calamus aromaticus—long dried, Germany Da ]4.3 
Carum carui—dried fruit of French commerce Ra 50.12 


DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS 
531 
Author. Ounces in 
100 lbs.av. 
Caruin carui—driod fruit of German commerce Ma 66.5 
Carum carui, do. do. Dn 46.6 
Carutin carui, do. do. Vo 70*fl Caryophyllus art maticus. Cloves, Bourbon Ra 144JJ Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Cayenne Rn 152.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do Bl ]25.0 Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, Molucca: French commerce Ra 148.0 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. English commerce Ra 112.5 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, average, German commerce Vo 226.0 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, finest, do. Da 250.0 
Caryophyllus aromaticus. Cloves, do. Steer 272.0 
Cinnamomum zeylanicum—cinnamon of commerce Ra 1.56 
Cinnamomum cassia—cassia bark of commerce Ra 12.0 
Citrus aurantium—Sweet orange flowers, 1 May, Nice Ra 5.0 
Citrus vulgaris—Bitter orange flowers, 7 May, Nice Ra 5.9 
Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 12 May, Carmet. Ra 4.12 Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 16 July, Paris Ra 0.9 
Ra 0.9 
Citrus vulgaris, do. do. 14 Dec, Paris Ra 6.5 
Citrus aurantium—rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ra 2.5 
Citrus aurantium, do. by distillation Ra 2.75 
Citrus vulgaris—rind of 100 oranges, by expression Ra 4.0 
Citrus vulgaris, do. by distillation Ra 4.25 
Citrus limetta—rind of 100 limes, by distillation Ra 2.12 
Citrus bergamium—rind of 100 bergamots, by distillation Rn 2.9 
Citrus limonum—rind of 100 lemons, by expression Ra 1.9 
Citrus limonum, do. by distillation Ra 1.4 
Cochlearia armoracia—fresh seeds Ra 0.9 
Conundrum sativum—dry fruit of French commerce Ra 2.3 
Coriandrum sativum—dry fruit of German commerce Da 9.0 
Croton Eleutheria—cascarilla bark Bl 5.62 
Cuminum cyminum—dry fruit of Frerfch commerce Ra 44.0 
Cuininum cyminum—dry fruit of German commerce Bl 32.5 
Daucus carota—dry fruit Ra 0 66 
Daucus carota —fresh root Ra 0.14 
Dracoccphalum moldavicum —flowering herb Ra 2.10 
Drimys Winteri—Winter's bark (probably, however, only Canella alba) Rn 0.50 
Eugenia pimenta—pimenta berries, Jamaica Rn. 111.33 Fceniculum officinale—dry fruit of French commerce Ru 33.0 
Fceniculum officinale—dry fruit of German commerce Ma 56.6 
Fceniculum officinale, do. do. Bl 83.0 
Foeniculum officinale, do. do. Da 60.4 
Fceniculum officinale—flowering herb, Grasse Rn 4.9 
Fceniculum officinale—herb after flowering, Grasse Ra 6.0 
Galipea officinalis—Cusparia-bark of commerce Ra 1.5 
Genista canariensis—Rhodium wood Ra 0,47 
Geum urbanum—dry roots Ra 0.53 
Hyssopus officinalis—flowering herb, Grasse Rn 5.30 
Ulicium anisatum—star anise-fruit Ra 34.21 
lllicium anisatum—star anise-fruit 25.5 
Juniperus communis—green berries, 12 Sept Ra 3.9 
Juniperus communis—ripe berries, 1 Dec, France Ra 7.75 
Juniperus communis, do. fresh, Germany Do 15.5 
Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany Ma 10.8 
Juniperus communis, do. a year old, Germany Bl 16.25 
Juniperus sabina—fresh twigs, 5 March, Grasse Ra 19.05 
Juniperus sabina—fresh twigs, 2 Oct., Paris Ra 14.25 
Juniperus sabina—dried twigs, recent, Germany Ma 40.0 
Juniperus sabina—dried twigs, a year old, Germany Ma 25.0 
Larix cedrus—fresh cedar'wood, Paris Ra 0.3 
Larix cedrus —cedar wood of commerce Ra 4.25 
Laurus nobilis—fresh leaves, 26 Jan., Paris Ru 5.25 
Laurus nobilis—leaves some years dried, Germany Bl 4.10 
Laurus nobilis, L fresh leaves, i poor soil, low site Chr 7.33 Laurus nobilis, early in Oct. > poor soil, high site Chr 6 9 Laurus nobilis, f near Edinb. j very fine soil, low site Chr. 17.12 
Chr 6 9 
Chr. 17.12 
Lavandula vera—flowering herbs, 2 Aug., Grasse Ra 11 5 Lavandula vera, do. 2 Aug., Grasse, north exposure Ra 9.1! 
9.12 


532 
DISTILLED, ESSENTIAL, OR VOLATILE OILS. 
Author. * Ounces in 
100 lbs.av 
Lavandula vera—flowering herb, 26 July, Soureillas Ra 9.0 
Lavandula vera—herb after flowering, 26 Sept., Soureillas Ra 15.0 
Lavandula spica—fresh herb, 24 July, Paris Ra 7.62 Lavandula spica—fresh herb, 4 Aug., Grasse Ra 12.5 
Ra 12.5 
Lavandula stnjchas—dry spikes Ra 6.43 
Ligusticum levisticum —fresh herb, Paris Ra 1.12 
Melissa officinalis —fresh flowering herb Ra 0.25 
Mentha piperita—fresh tops in flower, Grasse Ra 6.25 
Mentha piperita—fresli tops in flower, Paris Ra 3.40 
Mentha piperita—dried tops in flower, Germany Bl 15.62 
Mentha piperita—dried tops in flower, Germany Ma 21.0 
Mentha pulcgium—fresh flowering herb Ra 1.0 
Myristica moschata —mace of commerce, finest Vo 154.0 
Myristica moschata, do. fine Bl 125.0 
Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten Bl 65.6 
Myristica moschata —nutmegs of commerce, fine Bl 108.25 
Myristica moschata, do. worm-eaten Bl 64,1 
Myrtus communis—fresh leaves, September 20, Grasse Ra 4.5 
Myrtus communis—fresh leaves, September 6, Paris Ra 2.5 
Origanum majorana—fresh flowering herb, August 3, Grasse Ra 8.5 
Origanum majorana do. August 3, Paris Ra 4.4 
Origanum vulgare do. September 15, Paris Ra 0,4 
Pimpinella anisum—dry fruit of French commerce Ra 35.12 
Pimpinella anisum—dry fruit, new, German commerce Ma 37.5 
Pimpinella anisum—dry fruit, old do. Ma 27.0 
Pimpinella anisum—dry fruit of do. Vo 25.0 
Pimpinella anisum—dry fruit of German commerce Da 43 75 
Piper cubeba—Cubebs of French commerce , Ra 19.5 
Piper nigrum—White pepper of Frencli commerce Ra 16.0 
Piper nigrum—Black pepper of do. Ra 18.12 
Prunus lauro-cerasus—fresh leaves, November 23, Paris! Ra 2.12 
Prunus lauro-cerasus, f ~ , , T undeveloped, June 7 Chr 10.13 u , ' fresh leaves . , c ' ' T _ ,„ n Frunus lauro-cerasus, ,. ., half-grown, June 7 Chr 7.20 ' / from the same I /» 8 Q , t> j < , t }• tuli-grown, 8 weeks on tree, rrunus lauro-cerasus, 1 plants : near > t i i r r-i A <\r 
Chr 7.20 
p . Edinburgh. I™?™ ;;"""q" ntft Prunus lauro-cerasus, L J ** months on tree, June 2... Chr 1.04 
Chr 1.04 
Prunus lauro-cerasus, \ fresh 1 1 av f 1 °£ th . c ( 3 months on the tree. Chr 7.04 Prunus lauro-cerasus, 1 JgJ jgjf 1 1, f 15 months on the tree Chr 2.24 
Chr 2.24 
Renealmia cardamomum—lesser cardamoms Ra 11.42 
Rosa oentifolra —fresh flowers,Grasse Ra 0.25 
Rosmarinus officinalis—fresh flowering herb, Grasse Ra 5.0 
Rosmarinus officinalis, do. Paris Ra 3.5 
Ruta graveolens—iresh flowering herb, 20 July, Grasse Ra 4.12 
Ruta graveolens, do. 28 July, Paris Ra 0.63 
Ruta graveolens—flowering herbs, newly dried, Germany Bl 4.4 
Ruta graveolens—dried seeds, South of France Ra 19.0 
Salvia officinalis, v. minor —lresh herb, 12 Mar., Grasse Ra 6.0 
Salvia officinalis, v. minor —fresh herb, 14 June, Paris Ra 2.5 
Salvia officinalis, v. major —fresli herb, 12 Mar., Grasse Ra 4.0 
Salvia officinalis, v. major —fresli herb, 14 June, Paris Ra 3.05 
Santalum album—sandal-wood of commerce Ra 5.0 
Sinapis nigra—black-mustard-seed, Germany, 12 months old Da 3.9 
Sinapis nigra—black-mustard-seed, Germany, fresh Da 5.0 
Sinapis nigra—black-mustard-seed, France, fresh Da 7.75 
Sinapis nigra—black-mustard-seed, France Vo 9.1 
Tanacetum vulgare—fresh flowering herb, 9 July, Grasse Ra 1.2 
Tanacetum vulgare—fresh flowering herb, 25 July, Paris v Ra 5.8 
Tanacetum vulgare—fresh tops, Germany Da 5.0 
'lanacetum vulgare—dried flowering herb, Germany Bl 15.6 
Thuya occidentalis, f f resn 1 a g eu » stunted tree ; exposed. Oct. 21 Chr 10.8 Thuya occidentalis, j . | aged, vigorous; sheltered. Oct. 21.... Chr 10.25 Thuya occidentalis, ° j-young, vigorous; exposed. Oct. 9 Chr 18.25 'Ihuya occidentalis, EdinA young, vigorous; exposed; fine soil, J i J kept. 26 Chr 26.40 
Chr 10.25 
Chr 26.40 
Thymus serpyllum—fresh flowering herb, 6 Aug. Grasse Ra 5.0 
Thymus serpyllum—fresh flowering herb, 5 July, Paris Ra 0.9 


533 
FIXED OILS AND FATS —ALKALOIDS. 
, Author. Ounces iu 
100 lbs.av. Thymus vulgaris—fresh flowering herb, 16 Aug., Grasse Ra 6.5 Thymus vulgaris—fresh flowering herb, 13 July, Paris Ra. 3.75 Valeriana officinalis—dry root, a year old, Germany Bl 30.16 Valeriana officinalis—the root, Germany Da 15.0 Valeriana officinalis—the root, Germany Vo 10.5 Verbena odorata—fresh flowering herb, Paris Ra 3.1 Zingiber officinale—dry root of commerce Ra 10.8 
Volatile oils should be preserved in dark bottles, carefully closed and nearly full. When kept for any time, they are apt to undergo certain changes, becoming darkcolored, losing their agreeable odor, and growing thick and clammy It is then necessary to re-distil them with a certain quantity of water, by which the unrlecomposed portion is again obtained in a pure state. Another mode is to agitate with recently heated animal charcoal; this restores their clearness, and in a great measure their fragrance. 
Fixed Oils and Fats. —Fixed oils are obtained from the seeds of vegetables, by expression; by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and removing the oil that rises to the surface; and by dissolving out the oil by means of a menstruum. By Expression. —This is accomplished in several ways: By means of the wedge press, or by a screw or hydraulic press, the former being the more generally employed. In almost all cases, it becomes requisite to heat the seeds gently, to render the oil more liquid; but care must be taken that the heat is not too great; otherwise, the oil will become of a dark color, and acquire an unpleasant taste. It is by this method that linseed and castor oils are obtained. The oil, as it comes from the press, is seldom pure or fit for use; it is freed from these impurities. by boiling with water, and separating the pure oil. These oils are often colored, owing, in most cases, to heating the seeds too much; this is peculiarly the case with linseed oil, which is seldom seen of a light color. By Decoction. —This is effected by boiling the bruised seeds in water, and skimming off the oil as it rises to the surface. This plan is also employed in making cod-liver oil, as well as in the manufacture of castor oil in the West Indies. By Solution. —This affords a very pure oil, but is seldom employed on account of expense. It is, however, useful in facilitating the extraction of some of the thick and viscid oils. Thus, croton oil is more readily obtained by mixing the ground seeds with half their weight of alcohol, and, after letting the mixture stand for some time, submitting it to pressure, and distilling off the spirit from the product. Solution in ether is also useful in some cases, when expense is not an object; oil of ergot is best obtained in this manner. The solid oils, as oil of cocoa, &c, require the aid of heat in their expression, and the ground material containing them is therefore placed between heated plates in the press. Animal Fats. —Formerly, the fats of many animals were employed in pharmacy; but, at present, those principally used are lard, suet, and beef's marrow. To render these fit for pharmaceutic purposes, the crude material is to be cut into small pieces, freed as much as possible from all extraneous substances, and placed in a boiler with water, and heated until it is fused; the heat is continued till the water has evaporated, and the fluid fat is then strained. These fats are best preserved by being run into glazed jars, and kept from the action of the air. 
Alkaloids. —The vegetable alkaloids may be obtained by a variety of processes; but these invariably comprehend decomposition of the alkaloidal salt in the crude drug, either by the superior affinity of an alkali, earth, or alkaline carbonate, or by double decomposition with some compound salt whose base forms an insoluble salt with the acid in the drug. Active neutral principles —such as narcotin from opium, 


534 
SPIRITS —TROCHES. 
piperin from white pepper, picrotoxin from cocculus indicus, and elaterin from elaterium — may be obtained through the agency of such simple solvents as water, rectified spirit, and sulphuric ether, used singly or successively. But no alkaloid can be thus isolated. 
The solutions from which vegetable alkaloids are prepared, are, in general, obtained best by the method of percolation, or displacement. Some experience is required to apply this process in all cases with success. But, when well performed, it is greatly superior, in general, to any other mode of extracting the active matters of vegetable drugs, in cases in which the liquid used is spirituous or ethereal; and it is often not less advantageous in the instance of water, as well as acidulous fluids. The precautions for applying it successfully have been considered under the head of tinctures. 
Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile principles obtained by distillation. When spirit is distilled with aromatic vegetables which contain volatile oil, the oil, for the most part, rises with the spirituous vapor, and condenses along with it in a state of solution. In some cases, the volatile oil rises with the vapor of strong spirit, so that alcohol may be employed for the purpose; and this is occasionally necessary for keeping the oil of the distilled spirit in solution. In other instances, the oil does not begin to pass over until watery vapor also passes in considerable proportion with the spirituous vapor; so that diluted alcohol is required for the process. 
For most medicinal purposes, but especially the present, the menstruum should be made by diluting alcohol with water. The best apparatus for preparing distilled spirits is that represented at page 527, fig. 24. It has been proposed to prepare them by distillation in a vacuum-still; but many volatile oils will not rise with spirit-vapor at the low temperature at which spirit boils in a vacuum. These preparations, like distilled waters, may be obtained either from crude vegetable substances, or from their volatile oils. They are seldom, however, of such fine aroma when prepared in the latter as in the former way, unless care be taken to employ those volatile oils only which have been recently as well as carefully distilled. Essences differ from spirits in being volatile substances dissolved in alcohol; but this name is generally applied to alcoholic solutions of the volatile oils. 
Troches, or Lozenges, are small, dry, solid masses, consisting of powders incorporated with sugar and mucilage. Some writers include under this name drops and pastes, making the following distinction between them:— Lozenges, when the principal basis is sugar, and when the ingredients are combined without the aid of heat. 
Drops, when the principal basis is sugar, but when the ingredients are combined with the aid of heat. 
Pastes, when the principal basis is a vegetable juice or pulp, and when the mixture is of a soft consistence. 
Lozenges are much more employed in Europe than in this country as a mode of administering medicines. In making them, the sugar is employed in a powdered state; the more active ingredients added in powder, or in a liquid state; and the whole mixed iuto a paste by the addition of mucilage. The mucilage generally used is that of tragacanth, as being more tenacious than that of gum Arabic. After the ingredients are properly incorporated, the paste is rolled out into a uniform sheet on a marble slab, previously sprinkled with some powdered starch to prevent adhesion, and cut into small cakes by means of a punch. These cakes are then to be placed on sieves, and kept in a drying-room until they have become perfectly dry and hard, when they are to be sifted, and kept in well-closed bottles. Drops are formed from coarsely-powdered sugar, to which the flavoring or medicinal ingredients are added in a liquid state, so as to moisten the sugar. The mix- 


INHALATIONS —COLD BATH. 
535 
ture is then melted in a proper vessel, over a clear fire, after which the melted mass should be allowed to drop in small portions on a marble slab or greased metallic plate, and when cold, be removed, and kept like lozenges. Pastes are usually formed of inspissated vegetable juices, or decoctions, with the addition of sugar, gum, &c. These are to be brought to a proper consistence, and the mixture poured into flat, shallow moulds, or rolled out, as in the case o; lozenges, and divided into pieces of the desired size. 
Inhalations. —These have, at different times, been much in vogue as a means of combating disease, especially complaints of the respiratory organs. Within the last few years, much interest has been excited relative to this mode of administering medicinal agents, from the remarkable anaesthetic effects caused by the inhalation of the vapor of ether and chloroform. The simplest form of using either of these is by pouring the requisite quantity on a hollow sponge, and applying this over the mouth of the patient. Various forms of inhaling apparatus have been invented, which will be found described in Mohr and Redtoood's Pharmacy, 535-9, with directions for their use. 
EXTERNAL REMEDIES. 
Baths.—By the term bath is meant the complete or partial immersion of the body in a fluid or gaseous medium, differing, in some circumstances, from that to which it has been accustomed. In order to obtain the full efficacy of a bath, without injurious consequences, its temperature should be regulated, and particularly prescribed by the physician ordering it. The following temperatures are those given by Dr. Forbes in the Cyclopaedia of Practical Medicine: — 
Cold Bath between 33° and 60° F. Cool Bath " 64° and 75° F. Temperate Bath " 75° and 85° F. Tepid Bath " 85° and 92° F. Warm Bath « 92° and 98° F. Hot Bath " 98° and 112° F. 
The effects of these different baths on the system are very dissimilar, according to their temperature, and the time during which the patient is subjected to their influence. 
Cold BATn.—When a person plunges into a cold bath, he is first sensible of a sudden sensation of cold upon the surface, accompanied by an oppression of breathing, causing this function to be performed in convulsive gasps. This is called the shock, and is caused by a rapid contraction of the cutaneous capillaries, and a retrocession of the blood to the lungs and other internal organs. In a short time, the difficulty of breathing disappears, the temperature becomes agreeable, and if the person now leaves the water, a warmth of the surface comes on, termed the glow, succeeded by a sense of invigoration of the whole system. Should the person remain in the water for too long a time, another train of symptoms manifest themselves; the sensation of cold soon attains to an unpleasant degree of chilliness, followed by rigors; a bluish tint is perceptible on the surface of the body; the blood accumulates in the internal organs; and, on leaving the water, there is no reaction, or a very feeble one, the surface remaining cold, the extremities benumbed ; and headache, difficult respiration, often pain in the chest, ensue, with a sense of depression and lassitude. The use of proper means will often remove these symptoms; but they may lead to a variety of diseases of the internal organs. The objects, in prescribing a cold bath, are the production of a sudden and powerful impression on the nervous system, and the tonic influence it exercises 
» 


536 
COOL BATH—WARM BATH. 
when followed by due reaction. In the first of these, it has been found useful in certain affections where there is a derangement of the functions of sensation, of motion or sensation unattended with a congestive or inflammatory condition of the internal organs; but it is more frequently ordered to fulfil the second indication. It is always contra-indicated when, from debility, the system does not react so as to produce a glow; when there is a tendency to congestion of the cerebral vessels, or any serious organic affection of the heart, lungs, or kidneys. In all cases, it is advantageous, before taking the cold bath,, to take such exercise as will raise the circulation, without occasioning fatigue or perspiration, for reaction is almost certain to follow the immersion, except when the person has remained in the water too long a time. The period of immersion should not exceed five minutes. 
Cool Bath.—The action and uses of this are similar to the last, but are less powerful. It is, therefore, better calculated for those who are much debilitated. 
Temperate Bath.—As the temperate bath is of a temperature closely approaching that of the body, the shock and subsequent reaction are almost wanting. It is, therefore, much more employed for purposes of comfort and cleanliness than as a remedial agent. In delicate persons, it should always be used instead of the cold or cool bath, and is always better suited to very young children than lower temperatures. 
Tepid Bath. —This is intermediate in operation between the temperate and the warm bath, and varies in effects and uses according to the temperature. In perfect health, it should not be used as an habitual indulgence; but, for the purposes of cleanliness, an occasional recurrence to it allows of a more perfect ablution than can be effected by cooler baths. It is better to use it about noon, when the first process of digestion of the morning meal is over, and immediately afterwards to take brisk exercise in the open air. In cases of fatigue and febrile irritation, from over exertion or a long journey, the tepid bath is generally found very beneficial. It is also serviceable to persons of sedentary habits, &c. In all such cases, however, it is not to be employed immediately after a meal, or when the individual is unduly excited, either mentally or corporeally. In one class of complaints, those dependent on gastric irritation, the tepid, or even the warm bath proves of much service. 
Warm Bath.—The first effect of a warm bath is to produce a sensation of heat upon the surface, and to increase the pulse in quickness and fulness, though in most cases to diminish its tenseness. The cutaneous circulation more especially becomes affected, and the body is increased in bulk, as shown by the increased pressure of ligatures, or of rings upon the fingers. The secondary effects, when the immersion is continued for some time, are muscular relaxation, sometimes to a considerable degree; even after leaving the bath, a disposition to lassitude continues for some time, with a tendency to perspiration. The remedial effects of a warm bath depend on its temperature, the time a patient remains in it, and the subsequent treatment. The medium time for remaining in the bath is from twenty to twenty-five minutes; but this must be regulated by the effect produced. It is beneficial in incipient catarrh, in some congestions of the internal organs, chronic rheumatism, and in spasmodic affections, especially those of children ; but is contra-indicated in active fever, or when there is congestion, or a determination of blood to the head. 
In the convulsions of children, its effects are remarkably beneficial, as it not only relaxes spasm, and relieves for the moment, but soothes nervous irritation. In cases where the convulsions are severe, it will be found advantageous to apply cold water to the head. When a warm bath is administered to a child, care must be taken not to expose it to the cold air for the purpose of drying its body; the best plan is to envelop it in a warm blanket, and to place it in bed at once. By this plan, it is not 


HOT BATH —LOCAL BATHS. 
537 
liable to take cold, which is a common objection to the'use of the warm bath for children. 
Hot Bath. —From its temperature being above that of the body, the hot bath is far more stimulating than the preceding, as evinced by the excitement of the pulse, the sensations of fulness in the head and throbbing of the cerebral vessels. Its use is principally confined to cases where it is wished to arouse nervous energy and vital action, as in Asiatic cholera, &c.; or where there is a sudden retrocession of outaneous diseases. It has also proved useful in certain forms of rheumatism, and paralysis. As the intention is mainly to induce excitement, the patient is not to be exposed to its action long enough to cause exhaustion. Whatever description of bath is ordered to be used, the original temperature is to be maintained during the whole time the patient remains in the water. At the end of some minutes, therefore, the heat should be tested by a thermometer, and, if requisite, hot water added. The sensations of the bather are always a fallacious criterion. 
Shower Bath. —This is a modification of the cold affusion, being attended with the same effects, but in a less degree. The short duration of it renders it less refrigerant than the cold bath, and causes the primary shock to be the most important part of the influence it exercises, which may be modified by increasing or diminishing the temperature of the water, or that of the height from which the fluid falls. It is used either cold or tepid. The former is most advantageous when the powers of the system are sufficient to cause a reaction, that results in a glow on the surface, soon after using the bath; but, where this is not the case, as in debilitated individuals, the temperature is to be increased. It is adapted to those cases where a powerful impression is wished to be made upon the nervous system, as in chorea, hysteria, &c, and is also of much benefit to persons subject to determination to the head. In such cases, it is found advantageous to make the patient stand in hot water at the time of taking the bath. The reaction following its use is much promoted by using friction to the surface. The improved and portable shower baths, now to be procured, obviate many of the objections to its use which formerly existed. For children, the best and most convenient apparatus that can be employed is one described by Dr. A. T. Thomson. (Domestic Management of the Sick Room.') " It consists of a hollow vessel made of tin, with a perforated bottom. The body of the vessel is of a bell-shape, with a hollow tube rising from the top, and terminating in a broad perforated rim. When the bath is to be used, it must be sunk in a bucket of water, until it is completely submerged; the air is thus driven out of the bath, through the tube, and the bath filled with water. The thumb of an attendant is then to be placed on the opening in the centre of the rim, and the bath raised from the bucket of water. The pressure of air upon the holes in the bottom retains the water in the bath; and, on raising the thumb from the upper orifice, the whole is rapidly discharged. In using it, the child must be placed in an empty tub, and the bath, being held over his head, is then to be discharged; and the child immediately afterwards dried, with friction. When salt water is used for this bath, the hair should be kept dry, by means of an oil skin cap." 
Local Baths.— These are most frequently used warm. The most common are the hip-bath and foot-bath. They are principally employed as revulsives. The first has been found a valuable remedy in diseases of the womb, and in irritations of the pelvic organs. Where it is employed merely to soothe pain, the temperature should not exceed 90°, and the patient is to remain in it for some time; but when it is intended to excite the uterus to greater action, it should be as hot as can be borne by the patient, though the continuance in it should not exceed ten to fifteen minutes. The hot foot-bath should be of as high a temperature as can be borne, so as to redden the skin of the immersed parts effectually. The vessel used should be sufficiently 


538 
VAPOR BATH —WARM AIR BATH—DOUCHES. 
deep to allow the legs to be immersed nearly to the knees. It is a valuable remedy in the early stages of catarrh, and local congestions of the head, chest, or abdomen; and in the dyspnoea accompanying hypertrophy of the heart, it has often proved very beneficial. It may be rendered more stimulating by the addition of common salt, carbonate of potassa, or flour of mustard. In torpid states of the liver, a mixture of nitric and muriatic acids, in the proportion of about an ounce of each to every gallon of water, often proves highly useful. 
Vapor Bath. —This consists in either wholly enveloping the patient in the steam of hot water, or merely his body, or some of its parts. A much more elevated temperature can thus be borne than where the body is immersed in water, and its action is more confined to the skin ; hence, although less stimulating, it is more diaphoretic than the hot bath. Where the vapor is inhaled, the heated surface being extended, it is more powerful in its effects. It has proved of great benefit where an active revulsion to the surface is indicated, and also in the treatment of cutaneous diseases. It can be applied with little trouble. All that is required is that the patient be seated on a chair with a vessel of hot water placed beside him, and the whole enveloped with a blanket, to be thrown over his head if the vapor is to be breathed, or pinned around his neck where this is not the case. The steam soon surrounds his body, and causes a copious perspiration; and, should it cease too soon to be evolved, its generation may be restored by dropping a heated brick or stone into the water. Where the vapor is not respired, it may be used of a higher temperature. 
The Warm Air Bath is more stimulating than the vapor bath, producing —espe- where the warm air is also breathed —general uneasiness, heat of skin, excitement of the pulse, until a general perspiration ensues. It is readily administered even to persons in bed. The bedclothes should be elevated by a light frame, and the heated air be admitted by means of a tube. It has been found beneficial in chronic rheumatism, and was at one time much praised in the collapsed stage of cholera. 
Douches consist in the forcible application of a stream of hot or cold water to a part of the body, in such a manner that the force of the stream of the fluid shall aid the stimulant effect. The hot douche may be formed by pouring from a height hot water from a tea-kettle, or through a tube about an inch and a half in diameter, 60 as to cause the fluid to strike forcibly upon the affected part of the body, whilst at the same time percussion is employed; or, in other words, the part is beaten by means of a caoutchouc bottle, stuffed with wool, and affixed to a cane handle. 
A temperature of 160° is readily borne in douching. When the disease is chronio rheumatism, or when deep-seated pains are to be removed, the douching should be continued for either half or three quarters of an hour at a time; and the patient should be afterwards placed in bed between blankets, in order to encourage sweating. The most decisive advantage, in enlarged, stiff, and painful joints, results from this mode of douching. In cases of complicated fevers, and in some other diseases, in which inflammation of the brain occurs, the cold douche is frequently ordered. The mode of applying it consists in pouring a stream of cold water on the shaved head. The patient should be raised in bed, and the head held over a basin, or other vessel, whilst a stream of cold water is directed on the crown, and the fall of the water gradually increased. After this, the head should be merely dried, but not rubbed. It not only soothes the patient, but often induces sleep, although it usually causes a most uncomfortable feeling at first; but relief is so quickly experienced, that its repetition is generally requested by the invalid. A vapor douche is very stimulating, and when of a high temperature, and continued for any time, will cause vesication. It may be used as a counter-irritant instead of moxa. 


MEDICATED BATHS—AFFUSION. 
539 
Medicated Baths arc such as contain medicinal agents in solution in the water, and are used both topically and generally. Saline, acid, and alkaline substances, with iodine and sulphur, are the materials most commonly employed. Medicated baths are sometimes natural, as those of sea water, and certain mineral springs; others consist of solutions of various articles, artificially prepared. Of the medicated baths, sea water is the most generally used, more, however, for pleasure, than for remedial purposes. It is not only stimulating, on account of its saline constituents, and its use followed by a perfect glow, but these constituents also exert a medicinal action on the system, in certain diseases of debility. The nitro-muriatic acid bath has been found useful in diseases of the liver; and alkaline, ioduretted, and alkaline sulphuretted baths, are advantageously employed in many forms of cutaneous disease. Medicated vapor baths are prepared by impregnating aqueous vapor with the volatile principles of medicinal plants, though it is very doubtful whether they produce any effects that cannot be obtained from the simple vapor bath. But the fumes of sulphur, chlorine, camphor, mercury, &c, in combination with aqueous vapor, have been found to exert powerful effects on the system, and to be very effectual in the cure of certain diseases. 
Affusion. —This consists in pouring or dashing a quantity of water on the body, or a portion of the body, from an inconsiderable height, most generally for the purpose of reducing its temperature; but it is also employed as a revulsive agent, and to give an impulse to the nervous system. Affusions are made with cold or tepid water. Cold affusion is one of the most powerful general means of abstracting caloric from the body, we possess; it not only lessens the temperature of the surface, but it diminishes the action of the heart. It has been successfully employed in the treatment of fevers, but its use requires much judgment, as respects the time of its application, which, according to Currie and others, is, " when there is no sense of chilliness present, when the heat of the skin is steadily above what is natural, and when there is no general or profuse perspiration." It should not be employed either in the cold or sweating stage of fever, or in the hot stage where the heat does not much exceed the natural staudard. From inattention to these circumstances, and from patients being injured by its effects, affusion is not at present often resorted to in the treatment of fevers. In scarlatina and some other of the exanthemata, it has been employed with benefit, to reduce the morbid heat of skin. It is, however, more relied upon in inflammatory diseases of the brain; in these cases, the water is to be poured upon the head, inclined over a basin or tub, by means of a pitcher. In children, it is sufficient to squeeze a large sponge, previously saturated with cold water, at some height above the head. Where a general affusion is deemed necessary, the patient should be taken out of bed, his head having been previously shaved; and, being stripped naked, and placed on a stool in an empty tub, from three to Jive gallons of water, at a temperature not under 40° Fahr., should be thrown over him. This affusion should be repeated until he feels cold, or rather until a rigor or shivering, or even chattering of the teeth, is experienced. He should then be dried, placed in bed, and a little warm wine and water administered to him, to aid the reaction, and the consequent perspiration. But in cases where the invalid faints on raising him into the erect position; where he feels chilly, although the thermometer indicates a high febrile temperature; where the skin is bedewed with perspiration; where the patient is a woman, and the monthly change is present; or where the operation is dreaded, it ought not to be employed. The evening is the best time for using the cold affusion. Cool affusion is sometimes used instead of the cold, and is preferable for weak, irritable iudividuals. Tepid affusion is also beneficial in certain cases; especially where there is a fear that perfect reaction will not take place after the application of cold water; or where disease of the pulmonary organs exists. It has been found very efficacious in scarlatina, as also in hectic fever. Warm affusion has like wis'* been used; but its effects are far more temporary than those of the warm bath. 


540 
SPONGING. 
Sponging.—The object of sponging the body, cither with cold or with tepid water, is to reduce the heat of the surface by means of evaporation, with the view of softening the pulse aud diminishing its frequency; of rendering the skin perspirable ; of relieving headache, checking delirium, and promoting sleep. Iu order to perform it well, the patient should be taken out of bed; and, being undressed and placed in a chair, two or three persons should, at the same time, pass large sponges, wet with simple cold or tepid water, or vinegar and water, rapidly over different portions of the naked-body, until the whole of it shall have been successively sponged, and a chill has come over the patient, who is then to be dried and placed in bed. This appears to be a simple process; but it requires both caution and judgment to determine on its use, and to render it not only salutary, but free from danger. For example, if, notwithstanding the continuance of great heat and dryness of the skin, a sensation of chilliness comes over the patient when the sponging is about to be done, the operation should be delayed; neither should it be done if the smallest tendency to perspiration, indicated by moisture in the axillae, or on the palms of the hands, displays itself. But, if it has been done, and if partial relief has been obtained, if the heat of the skin returns, and the pulse rises, it may again be resorted to and repeated. But, besides the advantages to be obtained from sponging, during the presence of disease, it is also productive of great benefit in warding off diseases, or in a prophylactic point of view. The sponging, however, under such circumstances, is to be performed in a different manner from that which has been described. In those predisposed to asthma and to bronchitis, known in ordinary language by the term cold, or cough, and in those, also, who are predisposed to croup, nothing is so serviceable in warding off the paroxysm of the former disease, or in preventing the attack of the latter malady, as cold and tepid sponging of the chest aud the trunk of the body. It is also equally serviceable during dentition in infants, and as a general tonic in delicate conditions of the system. In these cases, it should be followed by gentle, friction over the surface of the body. Sponging the body, as a prophylactic, or as a tonic, is always most efficacious when it is performed whilst the patient is still in bed. Let him sit up; or, if unable to do so, let him be raised into the sitting position, keeping the lower limbs under the bedclothes. The night-shirt or night-dress is then to be stripped down, aud a large towel or sheet put round the waist, to prevent the bed-clothes from being wetted. The naked trunk of the body, and the upper part of the arms, are then to be moistened with a sponge, or a piece of flannel, dipped either in cold or tepid water, 01 ' vinegar and water, or salt water, as the case may demand; after which, in drying the skin, if water only has been used, brisk friction should be employed, so as to cause a general glow upon the surface. In some cases, salt and water, or vinegar and water, are preferable to the simple water. The best proportions are two ounces of salt, or the same quantity of common vinegar, to a piut of water. When these adjuncts are used, friction is not required; indeed, when salt water is employed, the skin should be dried with a soft, old towel, fitted to soak up the water only, and to leave the saline particles upon the surface. The best time for using such spongings is just before getting out of bed in the morning. They may be used in winter as well as in summer. In efficacy, they are certainly nearly equal to the shower-bath, which may be resorted to iu vigorous habits; but, when the habit is delicate, and not equal to the reaction, on which the beneficial influence of the shower-bath rests, sponging is preferable. It should not be used when perspiration is present. Sponging is as beneficial as the shower-bath, in rendering the habit less susceptible of cold; aud, when conjoined with exercise in the open air, and proper regimen, not only asthma, coughs, and catarrhs, may be warded off by its employment, but the predisposition to tubercular consumption may be lessened, in a very remarkable degree, by its daily employment. 


541 
FOMENTATIONS —CATAPLASMS. 
Fomentations. —These may be regarded as a species of local bathing. Although the decoctions usually employed are useful in aiding warmth, by their soothing or gedative influence, yet they are secondary objects in the application of fomentations, the intention being to convey heat, combined with moisture, to the part fomented. Flannel cloths, wrung out of boiling water, by means of two sticks turned in opposite directions, form the best fomentations. If they be shaken up, and laid lightly over the part, they involve a considerable quantity of air, which, being a bad conductor, retains the heat in them for a considerable time. In every process of fomenting, there should be two flannels, each three yards long, with the ends sewed together, to admit of the boiling water being wrung out of them ; and the one flannel should be got ready whilst the other is applied. The fineness or the coarseness of the flannel is not a matter of indifference: the coarser it is, the less readily does it conduct heat, and the longer it retains its warmth; therefore, it is more efficient for fomenting. White flanuel also retains the heat longer than colored flannel. Stuping is a variety of fomentation useful in many cases, but especially in affections of the eyes. The patient should be his own operator. He should sit up in bed, and should place, in the hollow of his hand, a small piece of flannel, wrung out of boiling water, and hold the hand at such a distance under the eyes that the vapors may rise to them—changing the flannel as often as it ceases to give out warm vapor. If narcotic or sedative additions are directed, they should be poured hot upon the flannel, each time it is changed. 
Cataplasms, or Poultices, are modifications of fomentations; they generally consist of pulpy substances capable of absorbing much moisture, aud of such consistence as to be applied accurately to any surface, however irregular. Their action, in most cases, depends upon the liquids with which they are moistened and the heat retained by the mass. Cataplasms may be emollient, medicated, or revulsive. Emollient Cataplasms are usually made of bread and water, linseed meal, Indian meal, slippery elm, &c, and water; or of mashed vegetable substances, such as carrots, and marshmallows. As warmth and moisture are the principal effects of emollient poultices, an excellent substitute for them is lint, dipped in warm water, and laid over the diseased part: the lint should be covered with a towel, in order to prevent evaporation. This mode is much neater and more cleanly than any poultice, and where merely warmth and moisture are required, it will answer all the purposes intended. A peculiar fabric, called spongio-piline, consisting principally of sponge, has lately been invented in England, which is said to answer very well, when properly imbued with hot water, m as a substitute for the simple emollient poultice. The addition of a little lard is useful, if the poultice does not require to be frequently changed. When the object, however, is to promote suppuration, the poultice should be frequently renewed, in which case the addition of the lard is unnecessary. Poultices should never be heavy, nor very bulky, but they should be frequently repeated. They are useful, in all cases of inflammation which cannot be backed, to assist the suppurative process and the advancement of the matter to the surface. After an abscess is opened, the poultices should still be continued for a few days. Poultices may be used, also, as fomentations in colic, and in inflammation of the bowels. In such cases, however, as the chief object is to allay pain and to soothe, they should be made with a decoction of poppy-heads, instead of water. Medicated Cataplasms are those in which, to the simple emollient poultice, are added other ingredients, intended to exercise an influence on the part independent of mere warmth and moisture; as, for instance, the fermented poultice, in which yeast forms a constituent; the charcoal poultice, and various others enumerated in the Formulary, all intended to fulfil certain indications. Revulsive Cataplasms are those which, by inducing a local irritation or inflam mation of the parts to which they are applied, act as derivatives. To this class belong mustard poultices, or Sinapisms, Cayenne pepper, garlic poultices, &c. Mustard poultices are made by rubbing the flour of mustard, of the shops, with 


542 
LOTIONS, LINIMENTS, EMBROCATIONS. 
water, into the consistence of a paste. When it is wished to have a weaker preparation, wheaten, rye, or linseed flour is to be added to the mustard in such proportions as are deemed sufficient. The water used should be tepid, or merely warm ; a boiling temperature is injurious, as it tends to coagulate the albumen of the mustard, and thus to prevent the extrication of the volatile oil, which is the active principle. Vinegar is often used, but never increases the energy of the preparation, and, in the case of the black mustard, diminishes its power. This poultice should be spread thickly on a rag, as soon as it is prepared, and covered with gauze or tissue paper, in order to prevent adhesion to the skin. In a few minutes after it is applied, the sinapism causes a sensation of heat, which increases to almost intolerable burning. After some time, the pain subsides, and is followed by a sense of weight and throbbing of the arteries. If the sinapism be left on, however, the burning pain again returns, and becomes so great, that few persons can bear the action of a mustard cataplasm longer than three quarters of an hour. In delicate, sensitive people, the sinapism need not remain applied above six or eight miuutes, as the effect continues some time after its removal. If it remain too long on, gangrene may supervene; this cannot happen unless the invalid be insensible, as too much pain is felt to permit the lengthened application of a sinapism ; but, in cases of stupor or insensibility, or in low fevers, a sinapism, if left on longer than an hour, may cause both vesication and gangrene.. If the redness only is required, the pain may be moderated by mixing with the paste a drachm of tincture of opium, or two drachms of tincture of henbane, neither of which, although they allay the pain, diminishes the rubefacient activity of the sinapism. As a substitute for the mustard poultice, where mere external irritation is required, the capsicum or red pepper will answer admirably, and it has the advantage of not vesicating: it may be used as a poultice, by mixing the powder with bread and milk, or Indian meal, or as a lotion mixed with warm spirits. 
Lotions, Liniments, Embrocations, are medicines of a more or less fluid character, which are employed as external applications. They may be used as mere fomentations to soothe pain and remove inflammation, as a mode of introducing medicinal substances into the system, or as revulsive agents, according to their nature and composition. Liniments, which generally contain oily constituents, are usually aided by friction of the part to which they are applied, either with the hand alone, or with some article capable of exciting some irritation of the skin, as a piece of flannel or a soft flesh-brush. In many cases, in which liniments are found beneficial, the advantage obtained from them is attributable rather to the friction than to any medicinal power in the lotion itself. Frictions, whether simple or conjoined with liniments, are frequently important aid to medical treatment. Simple friction is performed by the hand alone, or with a piece of flannel, a hair glove, or a flesh-brush. If it be properly performed — namely, by short, brisk strokes with the tips of the fingers, and with great celerity, when the naked hand is the agent; and if it be continued for an hour or upwards, and repeated several times a-day —its influence in reducing swelled glands and swellings of the joints, as well as in alleviating rheumatic pains, is very great; but, besides being well performed, the friction should be continued for half an hour, in order to render it useful. 
Friction, when performed in a gentle, slow, and equable manner, by producing a continued repetition of an agreeable impression on the nervous system, acts as a soother of pain, independent of any aid from opiate liniments, and also induces sleep. The beneficial influence depends, in a great measure, on its transferring the attention of the sufferer from the seat of pain, and confining it to the mild and agreeable sensation impressed by the friction. In performing it, the operator should sit by the side of the bed, and, introducing the hand under the bed-clothes, rub the legs or the arms gently, with equally lengthened, but slow movements. When the invalid is a child, its influence is more powerful when aided by a monotonous, but a 


VESICATORIES, OR BLI STERS—SETONS. 
543 
soft tune, which, although it operates upon a distinct sense, yet, by combination, renders the friction more soporific When friction is intended to stimulate the surface, it is necessary to aid its influence by liniments containing ammonia, or camphor, or some other excitant or acrid substance; but these should be ordered by the medical attendant. In applying them, the same method should be adopted as when simple friction is employed; but the hand of the operator must be guarded by a glove from the influence of the acrimony of the liniment. Friction is also used to introduce various substances —namely, mercurials, iodine, opium, &c, — into the body through the medium of the skin. The rubbing, in such cases, ought to be brisk, and applied with sufficient force to abrade slightly the cuticle j and continued until the substance, which is usually in the form of an ointment, disappears, owing to the absorption by the skin induced by the friction. In using such frictions, the hand of the operator should be guarded by a glove; otherwise, he is likely to suffer salivation, or some other unpleasant result, from the introduction of the medicinal agent into his own system. 
Vesicatories, or Blisters, have already been noticed in the introduction (p. 69), and do not require to be further commented upon. 
Issues are small ulcers artificially established for the purpose of procuring and keeping up a discharge of pus. They form an important derivative remedy in many diseases, and are to be formed by the following methods : the simplest is by the application of a small blister, which is to be dressed with some epispastic ox irritating ointment. It is, however, difficult to prevent the sore from healing, and the discharge is seldom sufficiently copious. They are also formed by making incisions through the skin, and inserting issue peas into the wound. The best and most effectual plan is by the use of caustic; this is done by means of a piece of leather, spread with adhesive plaster, through which a hole is made of the size of the intended issue; this is to be warmed and applied to the skin, so as to apply closely. The aperture is then to be filled with the caustic, in the form of a paste, and covered with another piece of leather, spread as above. These are to be left on until the skin is destroyed, and then to be removed and a poultice applied until the eschar separates. The late Dr. Wistar was in the habit of recommending the application of a small blister, and of rubbing the vesicated surface with caustic potassa for a few minutes. This is an expeditious and excellent method, as it is effectual and gives but little pain. The issue is kept open either by the introduction of peas, or a piece of lint smeared with the ointment of savine, into the wound. The peas operate by mechanical irritation; arid, as they swell from the action of the heat and the moisture of the ulcer, they tend also to enlarge the wound. The peas should be changed at least once in twenty-four hours. Instead of the peas, it has been advised to use a small block of hard wood, with the lower surface cut into lozenges; these, pressing on the surface of the sore, occasion a copious discharge, and it will be found more convenient of application than peas. The very irritation, however, by which the discharge is maintained, is apt to cause fungous growths from the bottom of the wound, which should be kept down; this is to be done by dressing the issue occasionally with some escharotic, as burnt alum or red precipitate. Issues should be washed twice a-day with warm water ; otherwise, they are apt to become very offensive. 
Setons are wounds kept in a suppurating state by means of some foreign body, which prevents their healing. They are made by passing a seton needle, armed with a skeiu of silk, thread, or a slip of gum elastic, through a folded portion of the skin, withdrawing the needle and leaving the silk in the wound. If a seton needle cannot be procured, the puncture may be made with a thumb-lancet or bistoury, and the silk passed through the wound by means of an eyed probe. The edges of the wound are apt, however, after it has been discharging for some length of time, to become 


544 
OINTMENTS—CERATES. 
callous, and the discharge to cease. When this occurs, the irritating substance should be smeared with some stimulating ointment. It should be recollected that much mischief may result from suddenly suppressing or removing either an issue 01 a seton. If this takes place, purgatives should be administered, and the discharge of the issue or the seton checked as gradually as possible. 
Ointments are simple or compound fatty bodies of a soft consistence, which are applied to the skin by inunction. They are more consistent than liniments, but softer than cerates. Simple ointment consists of one part of wax and four of lard, melted together and thoroughly mixed. This preparation is the basis of many compound ointments. Compound ointments are of three kinds : one consisting of simple ointment, combined mechanically with various substances; the second, formed by dissolving the active ingredients in melted ointment or lard; the third, made by uniting substances to the fatty matters that induce a chemical action between them. Compound ointments of the first class are mixtures of the fatty basis with various solid and liquid substances; these are incorporated by trituration in a mortar, or on a stone slab. When hard substances enter into the combination, they require to be previously reduced to a fine powder, or, if they are soluble, to be rubbed into a paste with an appropriate menstruum, and then admixed. When extracts form constituents of an ointment, if they are not of a soft consistence, they should be rendered so by trituration with water before they are mixed with the fatty body. The mixture of two or more ointments may be effected by rubbing them together on a stone slab by means of a spatula. Compound ointments of the second kind are made by boiling recent vegetable substances in the fatty basis, until all the water of vegetation is driven off; the heat should then be reduced to about that of boiling water, when the ointment is to be strained. Those of the third kind, as citrine ointment, are prepared by adding the constituents gradually together, aided by heat and constantly stirring. Ointments are preserved by keeping them in glazed jars, with the surface covered with tin foil. According to M. Deschamps, the admixture of a twenty-fifth part of benzoin with the fatty matter used to make the ointment, will prevent or greatly retard the process of decomposition (see p. 146). In the case of simple ointment, and those for highly irritable surfaces, this plan answers well; where it is inexpedient, the ointments should be renewed at short intervals. 
Cerates consist of a basis of wax and a fatty matter, with which other substances are incorporated. They are of such a consistence as to be softened, but not melted, by the warmth of the body. The general directions for making them are similar to those for ointments. 
Many preparations of the present class are made by simply mixing or triturating their component parts together. But when resins, wax, spermaceti, or concrete oils are to be mixed cither together or with fluid oils, it is better to unite them with the aid of heat, which not only liquefies the solids, but likewise renders them much more soluble in the liquids. Brisk agitation is required while the mixture concretes on cooling; otherwise, the solid ingredients will separate either mechanically or by crystallization. Even in purifying lard or suet by fusion and filtration, it is right to stir the mass as it cools; otherwise, the stearin or solid oil is apt to separate in part from the elain or liquid oil, so that an irregular mixture of the two principles is obtained. A gentle heat is suflicient for making ointments, cerates, and the like, because most of the ingredients are easily fusible; and a strong heat must be avoided, for in that case acrid acids are engendered, which may alter the properties of the preparation. Hence the vapor-bath is generally used for applying heat; and it ought always to be employed in operations on a large scale. When the cerate is intended to irritate and not to soothe, a high temperature may be employed, which, in some cases, is advantageous, as in the cerate of cantharides, by more effectually dissolving out the active principle. 


PLASTERS. 
545 
Plasters are more consistent than cerates, adhesive at the temperature of the body, and requiring the aid of heat to soften them sufficiently to be spread. They are of two kinds; one consisting of a compound of olive oil and litharge, or an oleomargarate of lead, having the common lead plaster as a basis, united to resinous or other substances; the other, composed wholly of resinous matters, or these mixed with fatty substances or wax. 
110.34. 
; Apparatus for Sprbaotno Piasters. 
[Fig. 34 represents a convenient apparatus for spreading plasters, a c e is a solid block of wood, rather larger than the intended plaster, and having the upper surface cmade slightly convex; b d is a tinned sheet-iron lid to cover the block, to which it is fastened by the hinge r, and farther secured by the clasps seen at d; n is an oblong opening in the cover of the exact size of the plaster; to is a frame for marking the leather into squares. The leather, thus prepared, is placed on the convex surface c, the lid 6 d is turned down and fastened by the clasps, as seen in the figure i h. The plaster melted in the pan k is then poured on the leather (, and, by means of the iron instrument g, is spread uniformly over its surface. When cool, it is separated from the frame by passing the sharp-pointed instrument I around its inner margins.J 
In making plasters, it is necessary, in most cases, to operate at a temperature that will not volatilize or carbonize the ingredients; hence, a water-bath or steam heat is preferred. In the case of the burnt plaster (onguent de la mere) of the Paris Codex, sufficient heat is employed to cause the fats to fume. Plasters should be made in metallic vessels, much larger than will contain the substances to be operated upon, as the mass increases in bulk by the action of heat causing an extrication of vapors. The water ordered in making lead plaster should be added at the commencement of the process; otherwise, when poured on the melted mass, it may cause a projection of portions of the heated materials on the operator. The ingre dients should be thoroughly stirred together during the process of melting. When this operation is concluded, the plaster is to be removed, in small portions at a time, into a vessel constantly supplied with cold water; and, when sufficiently consistent, rolled into cylinders on a wet marble, and again placed in cold water to harden. To render plasters of a lighter color, they are kneaded and pulled under water; but this process should not be practiced on compound plasters containing substances soluble in water; nor should these plasters be cooled in water, but suffered to chill on a marble slab until fit to be made into rolls. Some of the officinal plasters belong to the 35 


546 
FUMIGATIONS. 
second class, and are made by melting resinous matters with the addition of certain oleaginous substances. . Plasters are preserved by enveloping the rolls with paper, to exclude the air as much as possible. When kept for any length of time, they are apt to become hard and brittle, and to lose their color. When this is the case, they should be re-melted by a gentle heat, and sufficient oil added to restore their proper consistence. Spreading plasters for use, requires skill and address on the part of the operator. They are spread on various textures, but most generally on linen or cotton cloth, or leather. The shape and size must be regulated by the part to which they are to be applied. The plaster is to be spread on the leather or cjoth by means of a heated spatula of a peculiar form; this is brought in contact with the end of a roll, which, becoming liquefied, can then be evenly diffused over the surface. Where the plaster is sufficiently adhesive to maintain its place when applied to the body, it is to be spread so as to leave about half an inch of margin uncovered; but where it does not possess this quality in sufficient degree, it should be surrounded with an adhesive margin, which is to be prepared before spreading the body of the plaster. Full and particular direction for spreading plasters will be found in Procter's edition of Mohr and Redwood, p. 516, et seq. } aud to which we would refer those who wish for clear and accurate directions on the subject. 
Fumigations are extrications of vapors or gases, designed to modify the air of a sick chamber, and to mask any unpleasant odors that, may be present, or to produce a medicinal effect on those parts of the body with which they are brought in contact. Fumigations, for the purpose of obviating or masking unpleasant odors in a sick room, should never be employed to supersede ventilation and cleanliness; for most of them, instead of purifying the air, only render it more unfit for respiration. They are generally made by burning pastilles, sugar, juniper berries, benzoin, &c, so as to create an odoriferous smoke. As disinfecting agents, they are utterly useless; and are relics of an ancient custom of burning frankincense, and other odorous substances in vitiated air, to overcome the fetor which is more or less present. They disguise unpleasant odors; but they accomplish nothing more. The infection remains not only unaltered by the diffusion of the most powerful aromatic vapors, but its deleterious properties are sometimes augmented by them. The fumes of burning camphor, and the vapors arising from its tincture, have more pretensions than either of the above to the name of a useful article of fumigation. It is much employed and confided in on the Continent; but the experience both of American aud British physicians does not warrant the opinion that it possesses any power of destroying infection or contagion. Nothing is more ridiculous than the custom, which was at one time very general, and which is still continued to a certain extent —namely, that of carrying a camphor-bag about the person, as a protection against infectious diseases. Vinegar is, not without reason, regarded as possessing some chemical influence in decomposing infectious and contagious matters; and, consequently, it is almost invariably sprinkled over the floor of the rooms of those suffering under infectious diseases; or the vapor of hot vinegar is diffused through their apartments. It is thought to be still more salubrious, and a more powerful disinfectant, when it holds camphor or aromatic oils in solution; hence the great popularity of the preparations called Aromatic Vinegar (see p. 78) and Thieves' Vinegar (see p. 79). The repute of the latter is founded upon a story, that four thieves, who plundered the dead bodies during the plague at Marseilles, with perfect security, on being questioned respecting the cause of this impunity, confessed, on the condition of their lives being spared, that they attributed it solely to the use of Aromatic Vinegar. Vinegar, in this state of combination, is extremely agreeable and refreshing, both to the invalid and the attendants of the sick room. The benefit which it produces depends upon a certain degree of stimulus imparted to the sensitive nerves, which are generally in a low condition in an infectious atmosphere; but, as a chemical 


547 
BLOOD-LETTING. 
agent, its powers are too feeble to be followed by much benefit. It is, however, always refreshing, and is much better adapted for overpowering the unpleasant odors of the sick room than any of the former substances. The most efficacious fumigations that can be employed, are those of chlorine. This disinfecting gas is extricated from a mixture of common salt, black oxide of manganese, and sulphuric acid (see p. 182). Instead of chlorine disengaged in this mode, it is more common to use the chloride of lime, the chloride of soda, or the chloride of zinc; solutions of either of these, placed in shallow vessels in a room, will give off chlorine in a gradual manner, by a decomposition of their constituents. Some difference of opinion exists as to the mode in which this gas acts. Dr. A. T. Thomson is of opinion that it operates by decomposing the infected air: — 
" With regard to the mode in which chlorine operates, the most probable opinion is, that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound. One principle of this compound seems to be hydrogen; another, ammonia; and a third, a fetid volatile oil; besides the unknown matter of infection. The chlorine unites with the hydrogen, and forms hydrochloric acid, which combines with the second component of the infectious medium —namely, ammonia—and forms sal ammoniac; the withdrawing of both of which from the air causes the precipitation of the volatile oil; whilst the chlorine also neutralizes the real matter of infection, whatever it may be; and thus the vitiated atmosphere is purified." Although chlorine is capable of destroying fetid and unpleasant odors in the sick room, it is liable to many objections. However extricated, it is apt to create irritation of the respiratory organs, and coughing, when respired; it corrodes all metallic substances, and must, therefore, be used with caution; from the chlorides evolving the gas more slowly, they are, in most cases, preferable to the immediate extrication of chlorine from salt and manganese. Other acid fumigations have also been found useful as disinfectants; as those of nitrous acid, so highly recommended by Smith and Carmichael, and considered by Christison even as superior to chlorine. Sulphurous acid fumes, produced by burning sulphur, have likewise been recommended. Both are capable of destroying unpleasant odors and emanations; but the same objections apply against their use in a sick chamber — that of causing much irritation of the organs of respiration; hence they are unfitted to cases where there is any disease or weakness of these parts. Fumigations, used as medicinal agents, are much more prescribed on the Continent of Europe than in Great Britain or the United States. They are sometimes employed as inhalations—as emollient vapors in the treatment of bronchial affections; and balsamic vapors in affections of the chest. They are also used externally, as the fumes of benzoin in rheumatic and gouty complaints; those of aloes in deficient menstruation; those of sulphur and mercury in various diseases of the skin. The effects of fumigations vary according to the temperature at which the vapors are used; when it is high, and the whole body of the patient is exposed to it, it produces much the same train of symptoms as those caused by a vapor-bath. When the fumigation is made with substances which give off no watery vapors, the phenomena that result are analogous to those of a heated air-bath, but more marked, especially those which occur in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. 
BLOOD-LETTING. 
Various methods are practiced for this purpose. General bleeding is performed by opening a vein, called venesection; or by artery, which has received the name of arteriotomy. Topical blood-letting is practiced by opening the small vessels of a part by means of slight incisions, or what is called scarification, by th« application of leeches, and by cupping. 


548 
GENERAL BLOOD-LETTING. 
I 
General Blood-letting. — Venesection is one of the most frequently employed of the different modes of detracting blood. It is usually practiced on one of the veins of the arm. A band or ligature i3 to be applied around the arm above the point at which the vein is to be opened, so as to obstruct the passage of the blood to the heart; this causes an enlargement and turgidity of the vessel below the ligature. This bandage should never be applied so tightly as to prevent the passage of blood in the arteries of the part. The vein is to be opened by means of a common or thumb lancet, or a spring lancet. In using the first, the vein is to be kept from rolling by means of the thumb of the left hand placed a small distance below where the puncture is to be made; but care should be taken not to alter the relative position of the skin and vein, because, in resuming their position after the lancet is inserted, the aperture through the skin will no longer correspond with that in the vein, in consequence of which a thrombus or ecchymosis will form—a very common accident in venesection. The lancet is to be pushed into the vein, and when its point is within the cavity of the vessel, it is to be carried forward a little, so as to enlarge sufficiently the opening. The arm is to be kept extended after the operation until the necessary quantity of blood is taken. If the blood should not flow as freely as is desired, the patient should exert the muscles of the arm by grasping a stick, or moving the fingers. The spring-lancet is much used in some parts of the United States, and is almost universally employed in Philadelphia. This has arisen, in great measure, from its being preferred to the common lancet by Dr. Physick, as w r ell as by Dr. Dorsey, whose reasons for this preference are thus given in his " Elements of Surgery." " In a country, situated like the United States, where every surgeon, except those residing in the large cities, is compelled to be his own cutler, at least so far as to keep his instruments in order, the spring-lancet has a decided preference over the lancet; the blade of this can with great ease be sharpened by any man of common dexterity, and if not very keen, it does no mischief, whereas a dull lancet is a most dangerous instrument; and no one can calculate with certainty the depth to which it will enter: to sharpen a lancet, is regarded by the cutler as one of his nicest and most difficult jobs; it is one to which few surgeons are competent. " The safety of using the fleam is demonstrated by daily experience; there is no country in which venesection is more frequently performed than in the United States, and, perhaps, none where fewer accidents from the operation have occurred; of these few, I beg leave to state that all the aneurisms produced by bleeding, which I have seen, have been in cases where the lancet was used. I have since, however, met with an exception to this statement. I have seen the brachial artery opened by a spring-lancet, but it was by an old barber, half blind, and very clumsy." " The manner of using the spring-lancet differs in nothing from the operation with the common lancet, excepting that the surgeon must place the instrument in such a situation over the vein that, when the spring is touched, the orifice into the vein will have a proper size and direction. Dexterity in this is very readily and speedily acquired. In point of facility in its use, it has a great advantage over the lancet. 
" Among the advantages of the spring-lancet, economy is not the least. A country practitioner who is constantly employing the English lancets, and who is particular in using none but the best, must necessarily consume half the emolument derived from the operation in the purchase of his instruments. One spring-lancet, with an occasional new blade, will serve him all his life." After a sufficient quantity of blood has been drawn, the flow is to be stopped by removing the ligature and placing a finger on the orifice, when any blood that has Boiled the arm is to be wiped off, and the edges of the orifice carefully brought together, that they may unite by the first intention. To accomplish this, let the bleeder, with the thumb of fbat hand which holds the arm, push the skin towards the orifice, while he draws it on the other side to the same point with the compress; thus the skin will be thrown into folds at the wound, over which he is immediately 


549 
GENERAL BLOOD.LETTING. 
to apply the compress, which should be broad, to keep the skin better together, aud thick, to make the compression more certain. When blood-letting is ordered, everything required for the operation should be at hand. The ligature for tying the arm, so as to obstruct the flow of blood in the veins below it, should be a soft old ribbon ; and the same may be employed for securing the pledget over the orifice, when the flow of the blood is to be stopped. The pledget, or compress, should be a piece of linen, folded into a square form, > about an inch in diameter, and comprehending three or four thicknesses of the material. It is always proper to use a graduated basin for receiving the blood, that the exact quantity drawn may be ascertained. If the invalid be bled in bed, he should sit erect; if he be up, he should be placed erect in a chair. When the operator is dexterous, there is little or no necessity for guarding either the bed or the clothes of the patient from the blood; as the pressure of the thumb of the operator, placed below the point where the vein is to be punctured, should not be relaxed until the utensil for receiving the blood be conveniently placed for that nurpose. A basin with a little tepid water, and a clean, soft towel, should be ready for washing and drying the arm, before the compresses and the bandage for preventing the further escape of the blood be applied. When a nurse or an attendant is not fully instructed in her duty, there is always considerable anxiety displayed to provide smelling salts and other means to obviate , fainting. But, in many cases, much of the benefit of blood-letting "depends on the fainting which it causes; and the propriety of cheeking that effect should be left entirely to the physician. No person should be present at this operation, nor should any one attempt to hold the basin for receiving the blood who is liable to become sick or faint at the sight of blood. The arm should not be used for some hours after a vein has been opened in it: but, if everything has gone on well, the bandage may be removed at the end of two days. When this has been applied too tightly, the forearm and hand are apt to swell and become painful, in which case the bandage is to be loosened. If, on removing the bandage, it is found that the orifice, instead of being closed, presents an inflamed appearance, with its lips swelled and red, the arm is to be kept perfectly quiet, the edges of the wound brought in contact, and some cooi application made to the part, to relieve the inflammation. In those cases where the inflammation extends beyond the orifice, and assumes an erysipelatous appearance, with a hard and painful tumor around the wound, a compress is to be applied upon the vein at the inflamed part, to make the two sides adhere together; if they do not adhere, simple contact will still be sufficient to prevent suppuration in this part; or. if inflammation has gone so far as to make the surgeon suspect that suppuration has taken place, then the compress must be put upon that part of the vein just above the suppuration. The remedy for inflammation of the veins consequent on venesection, which answers best, is the application of a blister over the inflamed part. As soon as the inflammation commences, a small plaster of simple cerate, spread on linen, should be applied on the orifice, and over this, a blister large enough to cover the whole inflamed part, extending three or four inches from the orifice in every direction. This remedy was first proposed, and made use of, by Dr. Physick, and has been employed by many physicians with great success, even after extensive inflammation of the vein has taken place. Sometimes it becomes expedient to open the external jugular vein. To do this, the head should be laid on one side, aud the vein compressed by the operator's thumb near the clavicle, and the opening made in that part of the vein which lies over the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle.* The blood soon ceases to escape after the pressure W removed, but a small strip of adhesive plaster is necessary. 
[* In bleeding; from the jugular vein, it is generally advisable to compress both of the external 1 jugulars. This is easily done by placing the thumb of the left hand upon ore jugular vein, and j the forefinger of the same hand upon the other. If this point is not attended to, the operation j may fail, in consequence of the free anastomosis across the neck, and the passage of the blood ' diwnwards upon the opposite side.] 


550 
ART ER IOTO MY—TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 
In children, especially where they are very fat, a vein in the leg or foot can often be found, especially about or above the malleolus, when none are perceptible in the arm. To promote their distension, and to increase the bleeding when they are opened, it is found useful to immerse the limb in warm water. In bleeding young children from the arm, when they are restless and fretful, it is a good plan to attach the child's arm to the left forearm of the operator, by means of ligatures at the wrist and centre of the arm; by this means, complete control is obtained over the motion of the child's arm, and the venesection can be accomplished with comparative ease. 
Arteriotomy is the opening of an artery to detract blood. It is much more limited than venesection in its application, being practiced only upon the temporal aud posterior auricular arteries; and, in most cases, is restricted to the former only. In this, the anterior branch is preferred, where it passes above the exterior angle of the eyebrow. In performing the operation, the vessel is to be partially divided transversely, and not longitudinally. When as much blood has been drawn as is deemed necessary, the incision is to be deepened so as to divide the artery entirely. On the consequent retraction of the cut extremities, the bleeding will generally cease; if it should not, a graduated compress, maintained in place by a bandage around the head, is to be applied. 
Topical Blood-letting.—This consists of the abstraction of blood by cupping, leeching, or scarification. Cupping is performed in the following manner: The skin being softened by means of a sponge and warm water, a small bell-like glass, known as a cupping-glass, having the air contained in it rarefied by being passed over the flame of a lamp, or by other means, is immediately applied to the part, all hair and other extraneous substances being previously removed: from the formation of a vacuum beneath the cup, the pressure of the air on the surrounding surface causes that portion included in the cup to swell, and the vessels to become turgid. When this has taken place, the cup is removed and several incisions made by means of a scarificator, an instrument containing numerous lancets, which, by means of a spring, can make a corresponding number of incisions at the same moment; the depth of these incisions can be regulated by means of a screw which protrudes or withdraws the lancet, according to the vascularity of the part, the quantity of blood to be drawn, &c. When a sufficient quantity of blood has collected in the cup, it is to be removed by introducing the nail of one of the fingers under the edge, by which means, air being allowed to enter, the cup becomes detached. The part being washed with warm water to remove any clots of blood, the cup is again to be applied as above, and the operation continued till a sufficient quantity of blood is obtained. Sometimes, especially when applied to the scalp, the cups fill so rapidly with blood, as to become detached almost immediately on being applied. For the operation of cupping, a basin of hot water, sponges, and clean soft towels are to be provided. It is generally considered as a severe and painful operation; but this is not the case, if the operator understands his business. This is readily ascertained by observing the manner in which the cups are applied, and the rapidity with which they are filled. A good cupper does not exhaust much of the air in the cup before applying it, but simply passes its mouth rapidly over the flame of a lamp ; for, when it is held over the flame even for a few seconds, the compression of the edge of the cup upon the skin is so great, that it operates as a ligature, and checks the flow of the blood to the scarified part; hence very little blood is procured. A good cupper, also, removes the cups without spilling the blood which they contain; and the whole operation is completed in a short time. In our large towns, it is but seldom that physicians, nurses, or those attending in a sick room, are called upon to perform the operation of cupping, as professional cuppers are readily to be obtained; but iu small towns or villages, this is not the case, ind the duty devolves either upon the physician or on those acting as nurses; and 


551 
TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 
hence some directions are necessary to those unaccustomed to this task. Few are found sufficiently expert to exhaust the air in the cup by means of the lamp; and even among the professional cuppers in this city this mode is very rare, though, when properly performed, it is by far the best. The usual plan is to rarify the air in the cup by means of a small cone of paper, dipped in spirits of wine, or strong brandy; this is ignited and thrown into the cup, which is instantly to be applied to the intended spot. Where the proper cupping-glasses and scarificator are not to be had, wineglasses or very small tumblers may be substituted for the first, and small incisions by means of a thumb-lancet will answer the purpose of the latter. A very convenient apparatus may be obtained at most of the surgical-instrument makers, consisting of cups and an exhausting syringe fitted to them, by which even the most inexperienced nurse can perform the operation of cupping. The cicatrices of the scarifications leave a permanent mark; on which account, females should not be cupped upon the nape of the neck; but when blood is to be drawn from the head, the glasses should be applied behind the ears, and a portion of hair removed in such a manner that it may be covered by what remains. When cupping-glasses are applied without any scarification being practiced, thj operation is called dry cupping, and is much used to cause a speedy irritation of the skin for the relief of oppression of breathing, local pains, &c. To obtain the full benefit from this operation, the cups should be suffered to remain upon the part until they cause an exudation of a small quantity of serum, or great irritation of the part. The application of dry cups has been found extremely beneficial in poisoned wounds; they act not only by abstracting the poison, but also, by the pressure they exercise on and around the part, in preventing the absorption of it. The experiments of Dr. Barry in England, and of Drs. Pennock and Bodrigue in this country, show unequivocally the value of this plan of treatment. Leeching consists in the application of leeches to any vascular part of the body. These are annulated animals, having an extensile, soft body, terminated at each extremity with a muscular disk, the anterior of which is furnished below with a mouth having three crescentic jaws, armed with numerous sharp teeth. To draw blood, the leech first renders the part tense by means of the anterior disk, which acts like a cupping-glass, and then makes a triangular wound by a saw-like motion of its triradiate jaws; it then draws the blood by suction, until it is completely gorged, when it detaches itself and falls off. 
Leeches are seldom properly applied or managed. The part to which they are intended to be applied should be washed with a little soap and warm water, then with simple cold water, and, lastly, it should be well dried. If the part be hot and inflamed, the leeches should be put, for a few minutes, into tepid water; and this should be done, also, when they are to be applied in the mouth, or to any part of the body warmer than the general surface ; but, at all times, before they are applied, they should be dried between the folds of a clean soft towel. The easiest and best mode of applying them is, first, to place the number to be used in a hollow made with the points of the fingers in a towel folded like a napkin; then, so to turn the towel and the leeches upon the part where it is intended they should fix, that the towel will cover them. The hand must be kept over the towel, to prevent their eseape, until they all bite, which usually happens in a few minutes; after which, the towel may be removed. By this method, twenty or thirty leeches can be applied more rapidly and with less trouble than two, when each leech is separately applied. Another plan is to put the leeches into a pill-box or small glass, and apply this over the part to which it is designed that they should attach themselves. If this plan, however, cannot be pursued, owing to the nature of the part to which they are to be applied—as, for example, the inner or outer angle of the eye —then the simplest method is to scratch the skin with the point of a needle, and to apply the leech to the spot moistened with blood. When they are to be applied within the mouth, or any opeu cavity, each leech should be put into a large quill, with its head the open end of the quill, which should be applied to the part, and retained upon it until the leech is fixed, when the quill may be gently withdrawn; but a thread 


552 
TOPICAL BLOOD-LETTING. 
ihould be tied round the tail of the leech when it is to be applied within the mouth, to prevent it from being swallowed —an accident which has occasionally happened, and has been productive of serious consequences. Leeches should never be forcibly detached, as their teeth are apt to separate, and, being left in the wound, to cause an erysipelatous inflammation of the part. They should be permitted to drop spontaoeously, which being the result of a temporary suffocation (asphyxia), all muscular energy ceases in the animal, and, the teeth shrinking, it drops off entire. A bread-and-water poultice, not too hot, should then be laid over the bites, to encourage the bleeding. The invalid should be kept warm in bed, when it is necessary to abstract a large quantity of blood. In general, the bites soon cease to bleed; but, in some instances, a copious flow takes place; and therefore, to prevent exhaustion, the poultice should be frequently examined. This exhaustion is more likely to occur in children than in adults; and, for the same reason, leeches should not be applied upon children late in the evening, unless they are very urgently required. It is also proper, in young patients, to select for their application a part which admits of pressure; for example, the thorax and temples, where the bones are covered with a thin layer of soft parts. Sometimes the hemorrhage continues so as to become alarming; in such cases, where pressure is unavailing or cannot be practiced, creasote or some of the styptics applied to the bites will be found useful. Powdering the spot with rye flour has also proved effectual. When these means fail, cauterizing the bites by means of a fine point of nitrate of silver, or with a red-hot probe or knitting-needle generally proves successful. Scarifications are slight incisions made in a vascular part, in order to relieve the engorged capillaries; they are practiced in inflammations of the conjunctiva, and in those of the tonsils, with much benefit in many cases. The operation is very simple, consisting merely in dividing the surface of the inflamed parts to a slight depth with the point of a lancet or scalpel, and encouraging the bleeding by means of warm water. 


POISONS. 
Poisons are usually defined to be substances of an animal, vegetable, or mineral nature, which, when administered in a small quantity, are capable of producing deleterious effects on the animal economy, and, in some instances, of causing the same consequences when applied to the surface of the body. But this definition is not strictly accurate, and is not applicable to all cases of poisoning; nor is it, perhaps, possible to give in a few words such an one as would include all poisonous agents. Poisons are usually arranged according to their action on the system; but, as the alphabetical plan has been pursued in the main body of this work, it will be continued in the present instance. For full information on the subject, the reader is referred to the work of A. S. Taylor, "On Poisons in relation to Medical Jurisprudence and Medicine." 
[General Antidote for poisoning, in which the nature of the poison is unknown : — 
R. Calcined magnesia, Pulverized charcoal, Sesqui-oxide of iron, 
equal parts, in a sufficient quantity of water. 
This preparation is perfectly innocent, and is very likely to be efficacious, for its ingredients, though simple, are antidotes to the most common and active poisons. Bull, de Therap ] 
Acid, Acetic. Symptoms. —Great heat and burning pain in the stomach, convulsions, death. Morbid Appearances. — Mouth and fauces brownish; lingual papillae enlarged*; oesophagus lined with a brownish adventitious membrane; stomach livid and even blackened; vessels much injected. Antidotes. —Magnesia or its carbonates mixed into a cream with water; soap, and the alkalies. 
Acid Arsenious, or Arsenic. A metallic, corrosive poison. Symptoms. —A metallic, austere taste; a great flow of saliva; nausea and vomiting; fainting, great thirst; a sensation of heat in the stomach, which, in many cases, rejects the mildest fluids; much griping, tenesmus, and purging; the stools being dark-colored and very offensive; the urine scanty and high-colored; the pulse small, frequent, and often intermittent; distressing palpitation of the heart, with labored respiration and cold sweats; prostration of strength; sometimes paralysis of the extremities, delirium, convulsions, &c. Morbid Appearances generally confined to the stomach and intestines; in the stomach, in the form of intense inflammation, but not of erosion or abrasion; the inflammation is also evident in the upper intestines, but slight in the colon, though often violent in the rectum. The morbid appearances of other organs various. Sometimes no morbid phenomena to be found. Tests. — In the solid state: it is entirely sublimed by heat. If mixed with charcoal, and heated in a suitable test-tube, deoxidated arsenic will be obtained in form of a metallic coating inside the tube; and this may be re-converted into arsenious acid by urging it in various directions along the tube with the aid of a minute spirit ;553) 


554 
ACID, BORACIC —ACID, CARBONIC. 
lamp flame; the facets of the crystals thus formed (on the cooler situations) will be seen in some places with the unassisted eye, but more distinctly by means of a four-power lens. In solution : ammoniacal nitrate of silver produces a lemon-colored (arsenite of silver) precipitate. Ammoniacal sulphate of copper throws down a fresh, grassgreen (arsenite of copper) precipitate. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a bright yellow (sesquisulphuret of arsenic) precipitate. Lime-water precipitates a white (arsenite of lime) powder; but this test is not one to be relied upon. Placed with zinc, and diluted sulphuric acid, in Marsh's apparatus, the arseniuretted hydrogen thence arising, when lighted, will deposit metallic arsenic on a piece of glass held within the flame. [Reinsch's Test. — Acidulate the suspected liquid with muriatic acid, and boil copper wire or foil in it for ten minutes. The arseuic is deposited on the copper as a white alloy, from which it can be separated as arsenious acid, by subjecting the copper, cut into shreds, to a low red heat iu the bottom of a small glass tube.] The precipitates referred to, if washed and dried, may be treated as directed above for arsenic in the dry or solid condition. In testing suspected matters obtained from the stomach, these (and, in cases of death, the stomach itself) must be cut or broken down, and boiled during, at least, three-quarters of an hour: if not sufficiently fluid, add distilled water. Strain, and with addition of a small quantity of potassa, again boil during a quarter of an hour, and filter. If this liquor manifests either alkaline or acid reaction, neutralize with potassa, or with acetic acid, as may be required; then acidulate it faintly with hydrochloric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver will remove the acid; and solution of muriate of soda will precipitate any excess of silver. The liquor may now be experimented on with the above tests. Treatment. —Abundant draughts of sweet milk, gruel, decoctions of starch, or oily mixtures; tickling the fauces, &c, to induce vomiting; the stomach-pump; emetics of sulphate of zinc. Hydrated sesquioxide of iron (newly prepared, v. process, p. 238,) in large doses is the only antidote of reliance. [Light magnesia may be used with advantage, until the hydrated peroxide of iron ean be procured.] Afterwards combat any inflammatory symptoms by the usual means, and let the patient subsist, for a long time, wholly on the blandest diet. All arsenical poisons have much the same action, and similar means are to be used for their detection and for counteracting their effects. 
Acid, Boracic. —This is said to be very virulent; but no iustances have been recorded of its fatal effects on man. 
Tests. — Not very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, which, when inflamed, burns with a rich green color; soluble in the caustic alkalies. 
Acid, Carbonic. —This gas is freely liberated in respiration, combustion, and fermentation, as also in the calcination of lime; and is found in coal mines, wells, and cellars. 
Symptoms. —Great drowsiness, giddiness, difficulty of respiration, loss of muscular power and sensibility, and coma. The whole body, but especially the face, appears swollen and livid; eyes are unusually prominent, and retain their brilliancy for some time. 
Tests. —It extinguishes a taper if the proportion be above twelve or fifteen per cent.; lime-water, or a solution of subacetate of lead, is precipitated white by it. Treatment. —Bemove the person into the open air, and elevate the head; dash cold water over him, apply stimulating frictions to the thorax and extremities, and use artificial inflation of the lungs; as soon as the patient can swallow, stimulants may be cautiously administered; but, if there are signs of oppression of the brain, venesection is to be performed. 


555 
ACID CITRIC —ACID MURIATIC 
Acid, Citric. —la large doses, acts as an irritant poison; but no fatal case in the human subject has been recorded. 
Acid, Hydrocyanic or Prussic. —An extremely active, sedative poison. Symptoms. —When the dose is large, almost immediate death ensues; in smaller quantities, it causes pain in the head, stupor, nausea, faintness, vertigo, and loss of sight; followed by difficulty of respiration, dilated pupils, a small vibrating pulse, and syncope, which will end in death, if curative means are not employed. Morbid Appearances. —None; but a strong odor of the acid is exhaled from the stomach. 
Teats. —The "(bitter almond) peculiarity of its odor. When a little potassa is mixed with liquids containing this poison, and solution of the sulphate, or sesquichloride of iron added, a greyish-green precipitate is thrown down — which deepens to a Prussian blue tint, on addition of a few drops of sulphuric acid. The nitrate of silver produces a white {[cyanide of silver') precipitate; which, after being washed and dried, and then held on a watch-glass over a flame, burns with a fresh rosecolor, cyanogen being at the same time evolved. [Sulphur Test. — Place two drops of a solution of hydrosulphate of ammonia, containing an excess of sulphur, in the centre of a watch-glass, and invert it accurately over the vessel containing the poisoned liquid. Remove the glass in three or four minutes, and dry the moistened spot gently over a spirit-lamp. Let a drop of water fall on the white film, and then a drop of the perchloride of iron. If prussic acid be present, a blood-red solution (sulpho-cyanate of iron) is produced; and this red color is discharged by the addition of one or two drops of a solution of corrosive sublimate.] When a mixture is to be examined, containing matters from the stomach, &c, if alkaline, it must first be neutralized by addition of sulphuric acid, then one-eighth part cautiously distilled therefrom into a receiver immersed in some frigorific mixture; and the product may then be tested by nitrate of silver, &c, as above. Treatment. — The internal remedy best calculated to act chemically on this poison, is carbonate'of potassa in solution, quickly succeeded by watery solutions of sulphate of iron (with the intention of decomposing the acid, and forming the less injurious substance named Prussian blue); but the instances of success by these, or, indeed, by any other kinds of treatment, are extremely rare. Inhalation of chlorine gas, ammonia, &c; artificial respiration; exhibition of energetic stimulants, such as brandy, liquid ammonia; chlorine-water, chloride of soda and of lime, have all been extolled, and may be tried. Mustard poultices to the stomach, and cowhage applied over the chest; venesection at the neck, temples, &c; and affusion of cold water to the head and spinal region, are more likely to prove timely excitant and effective remedies. Employment of the stomach-pump, emetics, &c, seems a most improbable means of relief—or, rather, a waste of time. 
Acid, Muriatic or Hydrochloric. — A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. —Sensation of burning in the throat and stomach, styptic taste in the mouth, much thirst; the eyes red and sparkling; the pulse frequent and tense ; the skin hot and dry; the tongue red and glazed; the lips black; vomiting of blood and yellow matter, having the peculiar smell of the acid; cold sweats, delirium, &c. Orfila also says, a thick white fume, having the penetrating odor of the acid, issues from the mouth. 
Morbid Appearances. —Mouth, fauces, throat, and stomach highly inflamed, of a deep red color; mucous membrane sometimes detached or destroyed, sometimes perforated ; contents of the stomach yellow or dark green. Tests. —Characteristic acid taste. The presence of muriatic acid in small proportion, is at all times demonstrable in the juices of the stomach; therefore proof of its presence in excess is required in cases of poisoning. When a piece of glass, wetted with this acid, is held close to liquor ammoniae, so as to let the vapors of both 


556 
ACID, NITRIC —ACID, SULPHURIC. 
meet, white (muriate of ammonia) fumes are formed. Solution of nitrate of silver produces a white (chloride of silver), curdy-looking precipitate. Treatment. — The immediate administration of soap, magnesia, soda, or potassa, mixed in bland demulcent drinks, to be followed by the free use of emollients and mucilages. If patient survives the first effects of the poison, employ antiphlogistic means to overcome the supervening inflammation. 
Acid, Nitric, or Aquafortis.—A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. —Much the same as those produced by the last-mentioned poison. Morbid Appearances. — In cases where death has occurred soon after the ingestion of the poison, the most striking appearance is a layer of yellow matter on all parts reached by the acid. The lips, chin, and hands of the person are also often stained with orange-colored spots. Perforations of the stomach are found in most cases. 
Tests. —The orange-colored fumes that are given off, when it is boiled with copper filings, are characteristic. It reddens morphia, and blackens a solution of protosulphate of iron. A fluid containing it, on the addition of carbonate of potassa forms nitre, which may be known by its deflagration, or by powdering a small portion, and placing it in a glass tube with some fine copper filings, moistening with water, and adding a few drops of sulphuric acid—when, if it be nitre, there will be an evolution of the orange-colored fumes of nitrous acid. Treatment. —The administration of magnesia, or chalk, in some bland fluid, then the free use of demulcents, and subsequently the employment of antiphlogistio means to subdue inflammation. 
Acid, Oxalic. —A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms. —Burning heat of the stomach, nausea; sometimes vomiting, but at others, ineffectual efforts to discharge the contents of the stomach; great prostration of strength, violent pain, spasmodic respiration, convulsions, &c. When the patient survives the first effects of the poison, all the symptoms of violent inflammation of the alimentary canal are developed. In a diluted form, it appears to cause paralysis of the heart or symptoms of cerebro-spinal disease. Morbid Appearances. —Tongue and fauces usually covered with a viscid white coat; the stomach containing a dark-brown mucous fluid, and its substance of almost a gelatinous consistency. In some cases, no traces of the action of the poison are perceptible; but, when death does not occur for some time, the alimentary canal is found inflamed. 
Tests. — In solid state: has the characteristic sour taste of most acids; and produces the same changes as they do on vegetable blues. When placed in water, a crackling sound accompanies the solution of its crystals. In solution: Solution of chloride of lime produces a white (oxalate of lime) precipitate; which is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, but soluble in nitric acid. Solution of nitrate of silver also throws down a white precipitate, which, on being carefully dried by aid of heat, on bibulous paper, acquires a brownish outline, and towards the end shows some slight explosions. Treatment. — Mixtures of magnesia, chalk, whiting, or plaster scraped from off the inside wall of an apartment, mixed with water (the amount of the latter being as small as convenient for swallowing); abundant drinks subsequently. No alkalies should be employed. 
Acid, Sulphuric.—A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — An austere styptic taste in the mouth; a sensation of burning heat in the throat and stomach, followed by nausea, vomiting, and much fetor of the breath. The matters vomited contain both venous and arterial blood. Signs of great inflammation of the abdominal viscera soon manifest themselves, with difficult respiration, a croupy cough, and a small, frequent, irregular pulse; great anxiety 


557 
ACID, TARTARIC —ALCOHOL. 
and restlessness, convulsive motions of the muscles of the face and lips; sometimes a papulous eruption precedes death. Morbid Appearances. — These are not always to be found, except in the fauces and larynx, which, in most cases, present evidences of the hjghly corrosive action of the poison. The stomach is sometimes found to contain a quantity of dark grumous matter, and is much distended with fetid gas — its membranes ulcerated, dark-colored, and having numerous corroded spots, and even perforations. Tests. —The acid may be in a concentrated or a diluted state. If in the former, any organic matter placed in contact with it is blackened and charred; when mixed with au equal bulk of water, much heat is evolved; when boiled with copper filings or mercury, sulphurous acid gas is evolved. When the acid is in a diluted state, the best test is nitrate of baryta, which causes a dense white precipitate of sulphate of baryta; this can be verified by calcining it for some minutes with an equal weight of charcoal, wrapped in platina foil, then introducing the residue into a glass tube and adding a few drops of muriatic acid. This will cause an extrication of sulphuretted hydrogen, which can be recognized by its odor, and by its blackening carbonate or acetate of lead. 
Treatment, —The same as for the other mineral acids 
Acid, Tartaric. —A corrosive vegetable poison. Symptoms. —Very analogous to those caused by oxalic acid. Morbid Appearances are likewise similar to those produced by oxalic acid. Tests. —When heated on platina foil, it burns with a pale reddish flame, and exhales a peculiar acrid vapor, leaving much carbonized matter. When a solution is treated with lime-water, it affords a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the acid; when treated with caustic potassa, it affords a granular precipitate of the bitartrate. 
Treatment. —The same as for oxalic acid. 
Acetate op Copper. See Copper. 
Acetate op Lead. See Lead. 
Acetate op Morphia. See Opium. 
Aconite. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Alcohol. —A narcotico-acrid poison. Symptoms. —These vary according to the dose. In small quantities, there is mere excitement. In large doses, much excitement, with delirium, confusion of intellect, followed by somnolency; nausea and vomiting, and even coma and apoplexy. When an undue portion has been swallowed, it often proves instantly fatal; it may also prove fatal by occasioning or aggravating other diseases. The effects of an habitual use of it are diseases of the viscera, and various mental and nervous disorders. The symptoms of poisoning with alcohol may be mistaken for those of epilepsy or apoplexy. Morbid Appearances are inflammation, softening, &c, of the mucous membrane of the stomach, congestion of the cerebral vessels, and sanguineous or serous extravasation in the brain or lungs. Tests. —Odor of the contents of the stomach, or of matters ejected from it. The chemical proof consists in removing the contents of the stomach, mixing them with distilled water, filtering and distilling in union with carbonate of potassa or soda; the product is mixed with fused chloride of sodium, and again distilled. Alcohol will be found in the receiver. 
Treatment. —Withdraw the contents of the stomach, as speedily as possible, by a stomach-pump; afterwards an emetic of salt and water should be given in large doses, and repeated, at short intervals, till the stomach is well cleared. The cold 


558 
ALKALIES—ANTIMONY. 
affusion is useful in some cases. Ammonia may be employed as a stimulant, and general symptoms obviated by blood-letting; but this must be employed with great caution. 
Alkalies. 
Ammonia. —A corrosive poison. Symj)toms. —Excoriation of the mouth and fauces; burning sensation in the throat and stomach, usually followed by vomiting and purging, the ejected matters being often bloody. When the quantity taken is large, an immediate feeling of strangulation ensues, attended with convulsions. If the result is fatal, it quickly follows the ingestion of the poison. The inhalation of ammonia by the nostrils, when too freely used in cases of fainting, has caused the same symptoms as when taken into the stomach. 
Morbid Appearances. —Marks of high inflammation of the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. —The pungent odor; its alkaline reaction —but which is dissipated by heat. By causing a yellow precipitate with a mixture of arsenious acid and nitrate of silver; by producing a rich violet-blue solution with the salts of copper; [by yielding a yellow precipitate with the bichloride of platinum; by giving a white precipitate with the bichloride of mercury;] and forming white fumes with chlorine or hydrochloric acid. 
Treatment. —The immediate administration of vinegar or one of the vegetable acids, and afterwards the copious use of demulcents. When ammoniacal vapor has been inhaled, the patient should inspire the vapor of vinegar. 
Potassa. —A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. —An acrid, caustic, urinous taste in the mouth; a sensation of burning heat iu the throat; nausea, and sometimes vomiting of bloody matters. The surface cold and clammy; the pulse quick and feeble; hypercatharsis, and violent colicky pains. Morbid Appearances. —Strong marks of inflammation in the alimentary canal, softening, erosion of the mucous coat, and, in some cases, perforation of the stomach. Tests. —Alkaline reaction; precipitation of nitrate of silver in the form of a darkcolored oxide. Carbonic acid water causes no precipitate. A concentrated solution affords a canary-yellow precipitate with bichloride of platinum. [A solution of tartaric acid causes a white precipitate of "cream-of tartar.] Treatment, — Give vinegar and the diluted vegetable acids; to be followed by a free use of demulcents, or oleaginous mixtures. 
Soda.—A corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms and Morbid Appearances. — Analogous to those following the use of 
potassa. Tests. — Caustic soda in solution is not precipitated by bichloride of platinum or tartaric acid; its alkaline nature can be ascertained by the usual tests. Antimoniate of potassa affords a white precipitate, when added to the salts of soda. Soda tinges the outer flame of the blow-pipe yellow.] Treatment. —The same as for potassa. 
Antimony.—Metallic antimony is not regarded as a poison; but its vapor is said to cause unpleasant symptoms when respired. 
Antimony, Tartarized, generally known as Tartar Emetic, is an irritant metallic poison. Symptoms. —Nausea and severe vomiting, hiccough, cardialgia, burning heat at the epigastrium, severe colic and purging, small and rapid pulse, cold skin, syncope, 


559 
BARYTA —BROMINE. 
» 
difficult respiration, vertigo, insensibility to external stimulants, painful cramps in the lower extremities, and great prostration of strength. Morbid Appearances. —The stomach and intestines often much inflated with gas ; their mucous membrane red, and covered with a slightly adhering viscid layer; the peritoneum of a dark brick-red hue; the membranes of the brain displaying marks of inflammation. 
I'cds. — In a solid state, add charcoal, introduce into a test-tube and expose to heat; metallic antimony will be found of a greyish-black lustre. In the state of solution, diluted nitric acid causes a white precipitate. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a reddish-orange precipitate. Solutions containing tannin cause a' copious, curdled, whitish-yellow precipitate. Should matters from the stomach be present, the solution must be well agitated with a small portion of muriatic and tartaric acid ; then filtered previous to being experimented upon. Treatment. —Encourage vomiting by free administration of warm water and other diluents, or employ the stomach-pump, if necessary. Infusions, tinctures, or extracts, containing tannin, are very useful by decomposing the poison. 
Baryta, and Preparations of. —The only preparations of baryta that have, caused death are the Carbonate and CiiiiORiDE. 
Symptoms. — Those of irritation, combined with an affection of the brain and nervous system, as vertigo, convulsions, and paralysis. Morbid Appearances. —Evidences of inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach. 
Tests. —In solution: sulphuric acid throws down a profuse dense white (sulphate of baryta) precipitate. Solution of nitrate of silver also produces a white (chloride of silver) precipitate with the chloride of barium. Sulphuretted hydrogen produces no change of appearance; which circumstance, being peculiar to salts of barium, is valuable as a negative test. Treatment. —Sulphates of magnesia or soda in solution in water, if the patient is seen early; they are, however, of little use where the carbonate has been taken. In this case, a mixture of sulphate of magnesia and diluted vinegar, together with emetics and the stomach-pump, should be used. 
Bell'adonna. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Bismuth.—The only preparation that has caused death is the Subnitrate. Symptoms. —Burning pain in the throat, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, accompanied by coldness of the extremities, and spasms. Morbid Appearances. —Inflammation of the fauces and oesophagus, redness of the stomach and intestines. 
Tests. —In substance: Dissolves in nitric acid, without change of color, and without effervescing, which distinguishes it from a carbonate. Sulphuric acid produces no precipitate, thus disproving the possible idea of its being a preparation of lead. Dissolve it in nitric acid, and add solution of potassa so long as any precipitate is thrown down; gather this in a filter, and, after washing and drying it, place it on charcoal, and treat it as directed for preparations of lead, when its reduction to the metallic condition will be effected. 
[The nitrate is decomposed by being poured into a large quantity of cold water, yielding an insoluble subnitrate. The latter salt is blackened by exposure to sulphuretted hydrogen gas.] Treatment. —Induce vomiting by tickling the fauces, &c, and give continuous full draughts of sweet milk. 
Bromine. —An irritant, corrosive mineral poison. Symptoms. — Irritation and inflammation of the parts with which it comes in con tact, whether in substance or in vapor. 


560 
BRUCIA-CHLORINE. 
Morbid Appearances. — Fauces, oesophagus, and stomach inflamed and corroded) mucous membrane gelatinized, duodenum of a yellow color, and thickened; the parts retaining a strong smell of the poison. Tests. —Its color, odor, and volatility. All solutions containing it are rendered colorless by the addition of potassa. On being evaporated, the residue is to be incinerated at a low temperature, the ash dissolved in distilled water, filtered, and chlorine passed through the solution. On the addition of ether, the bromine is taken up by that fluid. [With nitrate of silver it affords a yellowish-white (bromide of silver') precipitate.] Treatment. —The immediate and free use of albumen or starch, and magnesia. 
BRfJCiA. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Calomel. See Mercury. 
Camphor. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Cantharides. —An acrid and corroding animal poison. Symptoms. —A burning sensation in the throat; violent pain in the stomach and bowels; nausea, vomiting, and purging—the ejections being frequently bloody and purulent; great heat and irritation of the urinary organs, sometimes the most painful priapism; pulse quick and hard; and convulsions, tetanus, delirium, and syncope. 
Morbid Appearances. —Inflammation and erosion of the stomach; if in substance, fragments of the flies, adhering to the mucous coat, or mixed with the contents of the stomach; marks of inflammation in the intestines and urinary organs : these are most evident when death does not soon follow the ingestion of the poison. Tests. —The characteristic green, shining appearance of the fragments of the flies, and the character of the symptoms. Treatment. —The promotion of vomiting by means of warm demulcents; copious dilution, bleeding, the warm bath, opiate frictions, enemata of mutton broth, laudanum, &c. Camphor, though not an antidote, alleviates some of the most distressing symptoms. 
Carbonic Acid Gas. 
Symptoms. —Great drowsiness; difficulty of respiration ; loss of sensibility; the countenance of a livid or deep leaden color. Morbid Appearances. —Whole body, but especially the face, swollen, which is also usually livid, and the features distorted; eyes generally prominent, and retaining their brilliancy. Vessels of the brain and lungs in a state of congestion. Tests. —Expose a vessel, filled with lime-water, to the deleterious atmosphere, when, if carbonic acid be present, it will assume a milky appearance, and let fall a white precipitate. A lighted candle will detect the presence of carbonic acid gas (if in excess) by being immediately extinguished in the tainted atmosphere; it must, for this purpose, be held near the floor. But the utmost caution should be observed in introducing lighted tapers into close situations supposed to contain this gas, lest an explosive hydrocarbon may, instead, be met with. Treatment. —Remove the patient from the situation or apartment in which the poison has been inhaled; or open the doors, wiudows, &c, for admission of pure air. Continued application of cold water to the head and neck. Bleeding may be necessary ; or cupping at back of the neck. Cautious inhalation of steam from warm water placed in a convenient vessel. 
Chlorine. —An acrid gaseous poison. Symptoms. —Great and painful constriction of the glottis, cough, sensation of suffocation, alternating with asphyxia; if the case is protracted, inflammation of the 


561 
CHROME —COPPER. 
larynx and pneumonic inflammation; odor of the gas perceptible in the breath and in the vomited matters. Morbid Appearances. —Marks of irritation and inflammation in all the parts with which the poison has come in contact. Tests. —A solution of this gas has a yellowish color, and a strong, peculiar smell, which latter is evolved on boiling. It gives a white precipitate with nitrate of silver, which is insoluble in muriatic acid. Treatment. —The best remedy is a free use of albumen. Magnesia with mucilaginous fluids may also be freely exhibited. [Inhalations of ammonia, ether, and the vapor of warm water, and even of sulphuretted hydrogen, have been recommended. The last article must be employed with great care.] 
Chrome. —The only form of this metal that requires notice is the 
Bichromate op Potassa.—An acrid mineral poison. Symptoms. —Burning heat in the mouth, throat, and stomach; excessive and painful vomiting of bloody mucus; convulsions, palsy, &c. Morbid Appearances. —Softening and abrasion of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. 
Tests. —In substance, by its orange-red color. In solution, by affording a rich red precipitate with nitrate of silver, a bright yellow with acetate of lead, a dingy green with sulphuretted hydrogen. Treatment. —The use of the carbonates of potassa or soda to neutralize the excess of chromic acid, followed by the administration of emetics. [It would also be advisable to employ chalk or magnesia, in connexion with milk or the albumen of eggs.] 
Cocculus Indicus. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Colchicum Autumnale. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Conium Maculatum. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Copper.—This metal is not poisonous in a metallic state, but becomes highly so when oxidized, or in combination. The most common preparations of copper are the Acetate (verdigris), Sulphate (blue vitriol), the Carbonate, and Ammoniuret. Symptoms. —Violent headache, vomiting, pain in the bowels, cramps in the lower extremities, a peculiar and permanent coppery taste, diarrhoea, convulsions, palsy, and insensibility. Morjfid Appearances. — Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. When the case has been protracted, there is often a green tinge of the lining membrane, and a jaundiced appearance of the skin. Tests. —The Sulphate in a solid state presents a bright blue color, and leaves an astringent metallic impression on the tongue. In solution: the transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen affords a brownish-black (sulphuret of copper) precipitate. Solution of ammonia precipitates a blue substance, which, on further addition of ammonia, becomes dissolved; but when only a small amount of the poison is present, no precipitation occurs, a clear violet-colored solution being then at once presented. Ferrocyanide of potassium throws down a reddish-brown (ferrocyanide of copper) precipitate. Apiece of polished zinc or iron (as the blade of a table-knife) acquires a plating of copper, if placed in a liquid containing the above salt. The tests for sulphuric acid will indicate its presence here as the combining acid. The Acetate: Same tests as preceding, excepting the last. The Ammonio-sulphate: has a brilliant violet-blue color, and ammoniacal odor. Solution of arsenious acid affords a fresh apple-green precipitate; this experiment is, conversely, that for arsenious acid. 36 


562 
CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE —IRON. 

Treatment. —Vomiting to be promoted by copious draughts of warm water, milk, or mucilaginous fluids; various antidotes have been highly praised. Sugar was formerly recommended, but has not been as successful as was supposed. Albumen and milk form an insoluble compound with copper, provided they are in large excess. The protosulphuret of iron and iron filings have also been employed with advantage; but their action is too slow. The hydrated oxide of iron has been successfully administered where the arsenite of copper had been taken. 
Corrosive Sublimate. See Mercury. 
Digitalis. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Iodine. 
Symptoms. —In large doses, this substance causes heat and constriction of the fauces, nausea, offensive eructations, pain in the stomach, retching, colic, diarrhoea, quickness of the pulse, tremblings, great thirst, salivation, convulsions, &c. Morbid Appearances. —Distension and inflammation of the stomach and bowels; sphacelation in some places; and, in protracted cases, increased size and paleness of the liver. 
Tests. —In the solid form, it is in bluish-grey scales, having somewhat the odor of chlorine. When heated in a tube, it gives off violet fumes; when added to the mucilage of starch, it strikes a deep blue color. When it is mixed with other matters, pass a stream of sulphuretted hydrogen through the mixture, boil it, saturate with potassa, add mucilage of starch, filter, add nitric acid, and the color will indicate iodine. 
Treatment. —Promote vomiting, resort to the free administration of amylaceous and mucilaginous fluids, and treat the inflammatory symptoms as they occur. 
Iodide of Potassium. 
Symptoms. —Uneasiness of the stomach, followed by nausea, and a burning sensation in the stomach, vomiting, cephalalgia, vertigo, and tremors. Morbid Appearances. —Stomach contracted; mucous membrane, with ecchymosed spots, and some abrasions; marks of inflammation in the intestines. Tests. —Solid state : heat with the protoxide of manganese ; moisten the powder with a mixture of equal parts of sulphuric acid and water; heat in a tube, and the purple vapor of iodine makes its appearance. In solution: add to the filtered fluid an equal quantity of mucilage of starch, and a few drops of nitric acid, and the characteristic blue color will be produced. Test the urine in the same manner. It may also be detected in the solids of the body, by drying them, incinerating and lixiviating, filtering, and using starch arM nitric acid. 
Treatment. —The same as for iodine. 
Iron.—Not poisonous in a metallic state; but some of its preparations act as irritants, especially the sulphate and the muriate. Symptoms. —Nausea, vomiting, and purging; sensation of heat in the stomach and bowels; dejections of a black color, &c. Morbid Appearances. —Softening of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines; the whole extent of the alimentary canal of a black color; marks of inflammation. 
Tests. —For the sulphate : ferrocyanide of potassium will give a greenish-blue precipitate, becoming a deep blue by exposure to the air; hydrosulphuret of ammonia will give a black precipitate; and gallic or tannic acid will give a bluish-black precipitate. The presence of sulphuric acid can be ascertained by means of nitrate of baryta. Treatment. —In poisoning by either salt, magnesia or the alkaline carbonates should be freely given. 


563 
LEAD —MERCURY. 
* 
Lead. —In a metallic state, lead does not appear to be poisonous; but most of its compounds are, especially the acetate, chloride, carbonate, and oxide. Symptoms. —Obstinate constipation, violent colic with retraction of the abdomen; vomiting, pulse small and hard, laborious breathing, and tremors, gums with a blue tinge, paralysis of the extremities, &c. Morbid Appearances. —The appearances on dissection are very various, but are principally those of inflammation. Tests. —In a solid state : Mixed with potassa and charcoal, and exposed to a red heat (or placed in a suitably sized hollow in a piece of charcoal, and exposed to a blow-pipe flame), metallic lead is formed. In solution : Sulphuric acid, and the sulphates, throw down a white (sulphate of lead) precipitate. Solution of carbonate of soda gives a white (carbonate of lead) deposit. Solution of chromate of potassa a rich yellow (chromatc of lead) precipitate. [Solution of iodide of potassium affords a yellow (iodide of lead) precipitate.] Transmission of hydrosulphuric acid produces a blackish (sulphuret of lead) precipitate. Zinc precipitates lead from a solution of any of its salts. To render the carbonate amenable to the foregoing tests, it must first be dissolved in a sufficiency of nitric acid diluted with distilled water. Treatment. —Administer a solution of sulphate of zinc in full doses; induce and continue vomiting. If an insoluble salt of lead is the poison, almond or olive oil must at first be given in considerable quantity. The free exhibition of the sulphate of soda, or magnesia, or of milk, or albumen, to be followed by an emetic. In lead-colic, the treatment consists of active purgatives, followed by full doses of opium or Dover's powder. Inflammatory symptoms are counteracted by antiphlogistic means. 
Lobelia.— See Vegetable Poisons. 
Mercury.—In a metallic state, mercury exercises but a slight influence on the body, but in a state of vapor it is capable of causing violent symptoms. All the salts of mercury are poisonous; but the most important is corrosive sublimate. Symptoms. —The symptoms caused by corrosive sublimate resemble those produced by arsenic, but, from the salt being more soluble, they are more immediate and violent; there is a more marked taste, the evacuations are more frequently bloody, and there is a whitened condition of the epithelium of the mouth. There are three varieties of poisoning with mercury. In the first, the leading symptoms are, violent irritation of the alimentary tube; namely, vomiting, pain at the pit of the stomach, and irritation in the throat; metallic, styptic taste, corrosion of the mouth, tongue, and palate; constriction of the throat, and difficulty of swallowing. Blood evacuated both by vomiting and by stools, suppression of urine, countenance flushed, tumid, and bloated. In the second variety, salivation and sloughing of the mouth succeed to the irritation and inflammation. In the third, mercurial erethism comes on, and is not preceded by the symptoms of local irritation. The first variety arises from the more soluble salts of mercury, in large doses; the second, from the same preparations, but in smaller doses, and more diluted; the third, by the more insoluble and refractory compounds. Morbid Appearances. —These are similar to those attendant on irritative or corrosive poisoning. There are, frequently, shrivelling of the tongue, and enlargement of its papillae and root. In some cases, red and black spots in the cavities of the heart. Corrosion, ulceration, and disorganization of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestines. An inflamed condition of the urinary organs is also frequently observed. 
Tests. —Corrosive sublimate in a solid state : Is sublimed when heated in a testtube ; and the acrimonious fumes speedily condense into a crystalline, semi-transparent mass. Placed in a test-tube, and lime-water, potassa, or soda, added in solution, a yellow (peroxide of mercury) precipitate is thrown down. Triturated with 


564 
MORPHIA—PHOSPHORUS. 

an equal weight of well-dried carbonate of potassa, metallic globules of mercury will become visible. 
In solution: Ammonia throws down a white (ammonio-chloride of mercury) precipitate. Solution of proto-chloride of tin affords a (calomel) precipitate, which, at first, is white, but acquires a leaden color on adding more of the test; when this precipitate (after being well agitated) is dried, minute globules of quicksilver are formed. Transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen produces a (bisidphuret of mercury) precipitate, which at first is leaden-colored, then black. Solution of iodide of potassium affords an intensely brilliant scarlet (biniodide of mercury) precipitate. Corrosive sublimate may be reduced to the metallic state through galvanic influence, applied as follows: A drop of the suspected fluid being laid on a piece of polished gold, and both it and the gold touched at the same instant by a point of iron (as a thick needle, or the end of a penknife), a small silvery coating of mercury soon becomes apparent on the gold. Being freely soluble in sulphuric ether, addition of this fluid is of much service when the poison is found mingled with organic or other matters. 
The Bicyanide: "When heated in a tube, cyanogen gas is evolved, which, when inflamed at the mouth, burns with a rose-red flame, with a blue halo. Calomel: Is sublimed by heat. When heated along with potassa, or lime-water, it assumes, at first, a black appearance, and then quicksilver globules are observed. The Biniodide: On cautious application of heat, it sublimes in red-colored crystals, which soon change to yellow, and subsequently to a dusky hue. On exposure to a sufficient degree of heat, iodine fumes are disengaged. When mixed with potassa (in equal weights) and heated in a test-tube, decomposition occurs; metallic mercury being sublimed, and iodide of potassium deposited in the tube. Bed Precipitate: Exposed to heat in a test-tube, metallic mercury is sublimed; evolution of oxygen being at the same time demonstrable. The Persulphate: Treated in the same manner as the foregoing, sublimation of the mercury takes place; and sulphurous acid gas is perceptibly evolved. Treatment. —If vomiting does not already exist, it must be produced by the exhibition of emetics. Various antidotes have been suggested for this poison. The best appears to be albumen of eggs in continuous large doses, and infusion of catechu afterwards; sweet milk; mixtures of flour with water (for the sake of the gluten) in successive cupfuls; iron filings; emetics of tartrate of antimony and potassa have been recommended, to combat ptyalisin, when present; but to check excessive salivation, small doses of the chlorate of potassa appear to be the most successful. [The hydrated proto-sulphuret of iron has been proposed by Mialhe, and confirmed by Orfila, who says, if it be taken immediately after the ingestion of the corrosive sublimate, it destroys completely the poisonous properties of the latter.] 
Morphia. See Vegetable Poisons. Opium. 
Nux Vomica. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Opium. See Vegetable Poisons. 
Phosphorus.—A corrosive poison. Symptoms are protracted in their appearance. A hot alliaceous taste in the mouth; acrid burning sensation in the throat and stomach; nausea and vomiting. The vomited matters are of a dark color, and emit white fumes; pulse small and frequent; sometimes violent convulsions. Morbid Appearances. —A general inflammatory appearance of the stomach and intestines, with sphacelated spots in various parts. Tests. —The peculiarity of its odor; its highly inflammable property, when only moderately heated, and, when rubbed on the skin, its property of rendering the latter luminous in the dark. 
Treatment. — Mixture of magnesia and cold water, in repeated draughts. Pro- 


565 
STRYCHNIA —OPIUM. 
mote continuous vomiting by tickling application of a feather to the fauces. The exhibition of oil is injurious, as it tends to dissolve the phosphorus. 
Strychnia. See Narcotico-irritants, under the head of Vegetable Poisons 
Tin. — This is not poisonous in a metallic state; but some of its salts, as the chlorides, are violent irritants. Symptoms. — An austere metallic taste; constriction of the throat, impeded, respiration, violent vomiting, cramp of the stomach and violent colic, purging, pulse small and quick, convulsions, sometimes paralysis, asphyxia. Morbid Appearances. —Inflammation and erosion of the stomach and intestines. Tests. —Chloride of gold gives a deep purple-brown, almost black precipitate. Nitrate of silver affords a white precipitate, insoluble in nitric acid. Sulphuretted hydrogen throws down a deep chocolate-brown precipitate, even in diluted solutions. Treatment. —Copious draughts of milk; then excite .vomiting. Inflammatory symptoms to be combated by antiphlogistics, and nervous irritation by opiates and antispasmodics. 
Vegetable Poisons.—These are very numerous, and possessed of the most different qualities; some being mere irritants, others narcotic irritants—whilst another class are pure narcotics. 
Irritants.—This includes a great number of vegetable substances, the principal of which are Aloes, Arum, Capsicum, Colocynth, Creasote, Croton Seeds, Elaterium, Euphorbium, Gamboge, Jalap, Mezereon, Castor Seeds, Savin, Scammony, &c. Symptoms. —Many of these articles act especially on the bowels, and in moderate doses are efficaciously used as purgatives. In large doses, they cause hypercatharsis, and much irritation of the stomach and bowels. 
Morbid Appearances. —These are various degrees of inflammation of the stomach and bowels. 
Tests. —None by means of reagents. The rich yellow color of gamboge may sometimes prove a means of its detection; and familiar acquaintance with others of the above substances may lead to their recognition by smell, taste, &c. Treatment. —The expulsion of the poison by means of emetics, and, when this is effected, copious demulcent drinks iu a warm state; succeeded by liquid cordial, stimulant, or opiate medicines suited to particular circumstances. 
Narcotics. —This is a small class of the vegetable poisons, the most important of which are Opium, Hydrocyanic Acid, (see page 555), and Hyoscyamus. 
Opium. 
Symptoms. —A dark, suffused countenance, drowsiness, stupor, perfect insensibility, followed by delirium or profound coma; then a pallid countenance, deep and stertorous breathing, cold sweats, slow and full pulse, cold and livid skin, suspension of all the secretions except perspiration; at length, the pulse becomes frequent, feeble, and thread-like; and, sometimes, convulsions, particularly in children. Morbid Appearances. —Occasionally redness of the stomach and intestines, fluidity of the blood, engorgement of the lungs; but the only post-mortem appearance that appears to occur in all cases is turgesceuce of the vessels of the brain, sometimes with effusion of water on its surface or into the ventricles. But this condition of the brain does not furnish of itself any evidence of poisoning by opium, as it is frequently found to arise from a variety of other causes. Tests. —Opium in substance: its peculiar taste, color, and odor (especially the latter quality when arising from opium in a softened or moist state, and more so if it be moderately heated; as when just obtained from the stomach). In solution : Nitric acid throws down a red-colored (nitrate of morphia) precipitate. Tincture of the chloride of iron produces a (meconate of iron) deposit, which is also red. Tannic acid yields a white (tannate of morphia) precipitate. 


566 
HY OSCY A MUS — N A RCOTICO-IRRITANTS. 
When the suspected fluid has been procured from the stomach, it usually contains a mixture of organic substances; these must be broken down, and the whole rendered sufficiently fluid by the addition of distilled water when necessary, and then be slightly acidulated with acetic acid. The liquor thus obtained, when well agitated, and filtered, must be evaporated to consistence of syrup. And, after being digested with alcohol, it must be boiled, and again concentrated to nearly the consistence of syrup. When this alcoholic extract (as it has been called) is dissolved in distilled water, the solution of ammonia, cautiously added, produces a precipitate of morphia, which acquires a deep-red color changing to yellow, when nitric acid is dropped into it, and a blue color on the addition of tincture of chloride of iron. When the last named precipitate is removed by filtration, and acetate of lead added to the supernatant (meconate of ammonia) liquor, a (meconate of lead) deposit is afforded ; which, when suspended in water, is decomposed by the transmission of sulphuretted hydrogen ; a dark precipitate being thereby thrown down. The fluid remaining from this last process acquires a deep cherry-red hue on the addition of the tincture of chloride of iron. Morphia in the solid state: Is only slightly soluble in water. Nitric acid turns it first to an orange, and then to a deep orange-red color. Chloride of iron gives a blue color, which is destroyed by acids. Iodic acid is decomposed by morphia, and iodine is set free. To show this, the acid is to be mixed with starch; on. the addition of morphia, the iodine combines with the starch, which becomes of a blue color, if the quantity be large, or of a reddish or purplish tint, if it be small. Treatment, — The stomach to be evacuated by means of the stomach-pump, as speedily as possible. This is to be pursued until the water used no longer has the smell or taste of opium. When a stomach-pump cannot be procured, or if the patient shall have swallowed solid opium, emetics of sulphate of zinc should be administered, until the stomach is freed; strong decoctions of tea or coffee, or other vegetable astringents, are found useful in the intervals. Cold affusions on the head, chest, and spine, have been used with great success. Flagellation and other means of arousing the patient from a state of lethargy must also be employed. Bleeding should not be resorted to until all the poison has been eliminated, as the abstraction of blood tends to promote absorption, and, even then, with much caution. The administration of vinegar is also objectionable. The best liquid that can be given is a strong decoction of coffee. The various antidotes that have been recommended are useless. 
[The evidence, in favor of the successful employment of artificial respiration in cases that were apparently desperate, has become so strong and unquestionable, that no practitioner is justifiable in abandoning his case until this measure has been faithfully tried. Active stimulation is often required.] 
Hyoscyamus. 
Symptoms. —Sickness, stupor, dimness of sight, and delirium, followed by coma and much dilatation of the pupils; pulse at first hard, but becoming weak and tremulous; petechiae often making their appearance before death. Morbid Appearances. —Inflammation of the stomach, bowels, and brain. Testa. —There are no tests that can be relied upon, except a recognition of the plant, and the nature of the symptoms. Treatment. —The speedy evacuation of the poison, by means of emetics aud purgatives, and the subsequent use of acidulous drinks. [The Editor doubts the propriety of the latter recommendation, notwithstanding the high European authority in its favor, because the use of acidulous drinks will, most certainly, result in the formation of soluble salts with the remnants of the hyoscyamia that may be in the stomach ; thereby adding to the danger. He would suggest, instead, the free use of vegetable astringents in solution.] 
Narcotico-Irritants.—These are very closely allied in their effects to the last class, but have a more direct action on the spinal marrow and nerves, as shown by the more frequent occurrence of convulsions and paralysis. They differ much from 


567 
ZINC 
each other in their action on the system; most of them, however, owing their properties to the presence of an alkaloidal principle. The most iraportaut are: digitalis, VERATRUM, CONIUM, COLCHICUM, LOBELIA, ACONITUM, BELLADONNA, STRAMONIUM, TABACUM, NUX VOMICA, &C Symptoms. —These are various, but, in general, vertigo, coma, delirium, paralysis, or convulsions, with disturbance and pain in the stomach and intestines, are observed. Those belonging to the nux vomica tribe have marked effects on the spinal marrow, causing tetanus and convulsions, but seldom coma or delirium j whilst, on the other hand, squill and foxglove produce symptoms of narcotism, preceded by vomiting, aud other signs of irritant action on the stomach. Morbid Appearances. — These, like the symptoms, are very various. In'some cases, there is inflammation of the stomach and intestines; in others, this is wholly wanting. Where there have been symptoms of cerebral disturbance, traces of congestion of the brain are usually discernible, but are not found in every case. Tests. —Most of these poisons, as before said, owe their deleterious powers to the presence of an alkaloidal principle, which is exceedingly difficult to detect by chemical tests; hence the strongest evidence is to be derived from an inspection of the fragments of the plant itself, if it has been administered in substance; but this mode of discrimination fails where the poison has be%n taken iu the form of extract, infusion, or decoction. In such cases, the only reliance is on the symptoms and concomitant circumstances. 
[Conia, the active principle of conium, when liberated from its combinations by potassa, is volatile, and exhales a strong mouse-like or urinous odor. With the vapor of muriatic acid, it forms dense white fumes. The odor of conia is so characteristic, that it can scarcely be confounded with any other poisonous agent. Veratria (obtained from veratrum), affords a reddish-yellow solution with nitric acid, an intensely-red one with concentrated sulphuric acid, and a white precipitate with tauuic acid. Wheu applied to the nose, it causes severe sneezing. Brucia (found in the seeds of the nux vomica) is colored red by nitric acid, and this color changes to violet by the addition of proto-chloride of tin. With chlorine it gives a red color. Sulphuric acid first reddens brucia, and then turns it yellow and green. Pure strychnia (also found in the nux vomica) may be recognized by rubbing a small portion with a few drops of sulphuric acid, containing one-hundredth of its weight of nitric acid. No change ensues; but the addition of a very small quantity of the per-oxide of lead, or of bichromate of potassa, changes the solution to a blue color, then to a red, and in the course of a few hours to a yellow color. Commercial stryclinia generally affords a red color, changing to a yellow, with nitric acid, owing to the presence of brucia.] 
Treatment. —This consists in the prompt use of emetics, or the stomach-pump, followed by the administration of purgatives. No antidote can be relied upon ; but, as tannic acid decomposes these alkaloids, the free use of decoctions or infusions containing it may be resorted to with advantage. 
Zinc. — This has no poisonous properties in a metallic state, but several of its salts possess active powers. Of these, the sulphate or white vitriol is the most common, and therefore the most likely to occasion unpleasant consequences. Symptoms. — Pain in the abdomen, violent vomiting and diarrhoea, quick pulse, paleness and contraction of the features, coldness of the extremities. There is always a very austere taste in the mouth. Morbid Appearances. —Marks of inflammation in the stomach and intestines. Tests. —Ammonia gives a white precipitate, soluble in an excess of the alkali Chromate of potassa affords an orange-red deposit, the chromate of zinc. Treatment. — The free exhibition of warm water with milk, albumen, magnesia, &c. Infusions containing tannic acid. Where the poison has entered the bowels, emollient clysters are to be given. 


568 
TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 
The following table, from Taylor, " On Poisons," gives a succinct view of the most approved antidotes for the several poisons noticed in the foregoing pages : — 
Non-Metallic Poisons. 
Poisms. Antidotes. 
Mineral Acids. 
Vegetable Acids. 
Salts. 
Alkalies. 
Salts. 
Metallic 
Arsenic and soluble arsenites. 
Corrosive sublimate and salts of mercury. 
Soluble salts of lead. 
Carbonate of lead. 
Soluble salts of copper. 
Tartar emetic. 
Chloride of antimony. 
Salts of tin. 
Sulphate or acetate of zinc. 
Sulphate of iron. 
Nitrate of silver. 
Sulphuric, Nitric, Muriatic, Nitro-Muriatic, 
f Oxalic, 1 Tartaric, 
f Binoxalate of potassa, Bitartrate of potassa, 
( Potassa, soda, ammo< nia, and their carbonates, 
' Baryta and its soluble salts, - Carbonate of baryta, t Alum, 
Magnesia mixed with water or milk; carbonate of lime; compound chalk powder; soda, potassa; the fixed oils. 
| Carbonate of lime. (Chalk or whiting.) 
Carbonate of lime. Sulphate of lime and water. Carbonate of soda in solution. 
Vinegar, lemon juice, citric acid, oil. 
Sulphate of soda, potassa, magnesia or lime. Mixture of sulphate of magnesia and vinegar. Carbonate of soda or ammonia. 
Poisons 
C Hydrated per-oxide of iron; hydrated < magnesia. Mixture of oil and lime water. 
( Albumen, gluten, or flour diffused in | water; milk. The alkaline, or earthy sulphates. Sulphate of magnesia and vinegar, f Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in water; 1 milk. 
The alkaline, or earthy sulphates. 
Sulphate of magnesia and vinegar. 
f Albumen, gluten, flour diffused in water; 1 milk. 
Decoctions and tinctures containing tannic acid. Magnesia. 
Carbonate of soda; magnesia. 
Milk; carbonate of soda; magnesia. 
Milk; carbonate of soda; magnesia. 
Carbonate of soda or ammonia. 
Chloride of sodium. 
Narcotic Poisons. 
Emetics; stomach pump; cold affusion. Strong decoction of coffee; electromagnetism; tannic acid. 
Opium; hyoscyamus. 
Prussic acid. 
Ammonia; chlorine; cold affusion. 
MODES OF DISTINGUISHING SOME OF THE VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS, WHEN IN POWDER. 
Treat the powder with nitric acid; this is colored red by Brucia, Delphia, Mbrphia, and by the Strychnia of commerce, but not the pure. If the reddened acid becomes violet on the addition of protochloride of tin, it is Brucia; if it becomes black and carbonaceous, it is Delphia. If the powder is fusible without decomposition, and decomposes iodic acid, it is Morphia ; if it is not fusible without decomposition, and does not decompose iodic acid, it is Strychnia. If the powder strikes a green with nitric acid, it is Solania ; if insoluble in ether, and does not redden nitric acid, it is Emetia ; if soluble in ether, does not redden nitric acid, but melts' and volatilizes with heat, it is Atropia ; if thus affected by ether or nitric acid, but does not volatilize, it is Veratria. 


INDEX OP DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. 
Abscess. Lead ointment, 360. Lead cataplasm, 360. Caustic potassa, 371 Soap cataplasm, 412. 
Abscess, Mammary. Liniment acetate lead, 357. Oint. iod. potass, and morphia, 366. 
Acidity op Stomach. Ammonia, 103. Lime water and milk, 156. Prepared chalk, 156. Alkaline infusion cascarilla, 173. Milk and soda water, 295. Magnesia mixt., 305. Carbonate potass., 375. Alkaline tincture rhubarb, 398. Purgative pastilles, 418. Carbonate soda, 434. Lozenges, soda, 436. 
Acne. Wash of benzoin, 147. Ointment of subacetate lead, 358. Compound powder sulphur, 449. ' Amaurosis. Ammoniac mixture, 111. Anemone, 116. Chloride of gold and sodium, 138. Comp. powder sulphate mercury, 278. Pills strychnia, 446. Collyrium and liniment strychnia, 446. Powder white hellebore, 467. 
Amenorrhea. Hiera picra and other preparations of aloes, 94, 98,162. Rufus's pills, 94. Injection ammonia, 103. Muriate ammonia, 108. De Haen's pills, 111. Pills of ammoniac, 111. Iodide of calcium, 155. Cantharides and savine, 163. Compound pills of columbo, 200. Mayweed, 208. Saffron, 210. Infusion dittany, 212. Metallic iron, 228. Bolus metallic iron, 228. Ammoniated iron, 229. Ointment bromide iron, 230. Pills carbonate iron, 230. Mixture chloride iron, 233. Lozenges iodide iron, 235. Ointment iodide iron, 237. Black oxide iron, 239. Phosphate iron, 240. Sulphate iron, 240. Hooper's pills, 95, 241. Compound galbanum pills, 247. Compound infusion gentian, 251. Compound tincture guaiacum, 258. Ammoniated tincture guaiacum, 259. Infusion pennyroyal, 260. Bacher's pills, 261. Tincture black hellebore, 261. Compound pills iodide mercury, 275. Saturated tincture iodine, 284. Clyster iodine, 285. Oxide of manganese, 310. Horehound, 312. Myrrh and sulphate iron, 325. Tincture myrrh and hellebore, 326. Madder, 402. Decootion madder, 402. Savine and ginger, 405. Savine pills, 405. Oil savine, 405. Seneka, 423. Compound infusion senna, 426. Mixture of borax, 434. 
Anasarca. Calomel and squill, 272. Cream of tartar, 383. Mixture dandelion, 456. 
Anaesthetic Remedies. Sulphuric ether, 92. Chloroform, 183. 
Angina Pectoris. Assafetida and musk, 133. Succinate of ammonia, 110. Angina Syphilitic. Mercurial gargle, 265. 
Aphonia. Decoction arnica, 128. 
Aphtha. Decoction wild indigo, 142. Decoction barberry, 148. New Jersey tea, 177. Chlorine, 183. Infusion goldthread, 206. Collutory creasote, 209. Soot mouth-wash, 246. Collutory rhatany, 294. Mixture carbonate potassa, 377. Lozenges borax, 433. Collutory borax, 433. Honey borax, 434. (56^ 


570 
ARSENIC, POISONING BY —CANCER. 
Arsenic, Poisoning by. Hydrated oxide of iron, 238. Mixture of sulphuret of potassium, 371. 
Ascarides. Suppository aloes, 97. Injection aloes, 97. Clyster Southern wood, 130. Assafetida and iron, 133. Clyster assafetida, 134. Clyster camphor, 161. Wormseed, 181. Compound tincture tartrate of iron, 242. Mixture of rue, 403. Mixture senna, 427. Infusion tansy, 454. 
Ascites. Electuary Per. bark and iron, 189. Colocynth mixture, 199. Pill foxglove, 218. Foxglove and tartaric acid, 219. Elaterium mixture, 222 Gamboge mixture, 250. Black sulphuret of mercury, 279. Cream of tartar, 383. Mixture dandelion, 456. 
Asthma. Ammoniac pill, 111. Ammoniac mixture, 111. Assafetida mixture, 133. Benzoin, 147. Catalpa, 175. Coffee, 195. Tincture larkspur, 217. Pill foxglove, 218. Skunk cabbage, 220. Galbanum mixture, 247. Henbane and squill, 282. Mixture elecampane, 283. Oxymel elecampane, 284. Ipecacuanha and carbonate soda, 286. Ipecacuanha and nitre, 286. Ipecacuanha and foxglove, 287. Tincture lobelia, 303. Opium and foxglove, 337. Opium and castor, 338. Solution cyanide potass., 363. Scillitic acetate potassa, 372. Mixture of carbonate potassa, 376. Mixture extract elder berries, 409. Squill . and ammoniac, 419. Compound tincture squill and benzoin, 420. Compound stramonium pills, 444. 
Atrophy. Mixture eggs, 346. 
Bed Sores. Alum liniment, 102. Mixture of tincture camphor, 161. Carbonate lead plaster, 359. Liniment and ointment tannate of lead, 361. 
Bladder, Diseases of. . Benzoic acid, 80; and copaiba, 80. Sal ammoniac draught, 109. Emulsion cantharides, 164. Buchu, 151. Electuary .of cubebs, 211. Infusion of flaxseed, 301. Pareira brava, 348. Paullinia, 348. Mixture carbonate soda and copaiba, 436. Compound powder uva ursi, 462. 
Bones, Pains of. Decoction mezereon, 318. Tincture acetate strychnia, 447 
Bronchitis. Anisated ammoniated alcohol, 107. Nitrate of silver, 126. Indian turnip, 131. Iodide calcium, 155. Creasote pills, 208. Monesia, 319. Linctus opium, 340. 
Bubo. Mercurial plaster, 267. Anodyne ointment, 340. Plaster acetate lead, 357. Lead ointment, 360. Lead cataplasm, 360. 
Burns, Scalds. Ointment wild indigo, 142. Lotion benzoin, 147. Solution chlorinated lime, 154. Lime water and oil, 156. Compound creasote ointment, 209. Carded cotton, 255. Cerate cherry-laurel, 299. Liniment flaxseed oil, 303. Kentish's ointment, 333. Liniment eggs, 347. Basilicon ointment, 393. 
Calculous Affections. Draught muriatic acid, 85. Phosphate of ammonia, 109. Lime water and carbonate potassa, 156. Peruvian bark, 185. Wild potato, 204. Mixture Prussian blue, 234. Nitrate of iron, 238. Magnesia and gentian, 251. Solution nitro-saccharate lead, 361. Solution caustic potassa, 372. Borate of potassa, 374. Mixture bicarbonate potassa, 377. Pills carbonate soda, 435. Lozenges bicarbonate soda, 436. Injection carbonate soda, 435. Uva ursi, 462. 
Calculi, Biliary. Turpentine and ether, 333. 
Cancer. Arsenical powder, 80. Solution of arsenic, 80. Injection alum, 101. Acetate ammonia, 105. Iodide arsenic, 129. Chloride gold, 137. Chloride barium, 142. Compound pills belladonna, 145. Extract marigold, 158. Liniment marigold, 158. Carrot ointment, 171. Hemlock, 201. Cataplasm hemlock, 202. Arseniate of iron, 230. Pills red oxide iron, 239. Compound soot ointment, 246. Hop -ointment, 264. Infusion cherry-laurel, 298. Ointment cherry-laurel, 299. Ointment turpentine, 457. Ointment carbonate lead, 359. 


571 
CANCRUM ORIS —CHLOROSIS. 
Ointment chloride lead, 359. Lotion chloride lead, 359. Ointment iodide potass, and opium, 365. Solution chlorinated soda, 437. Chloride zinc, 471 Cancrum Oris. Pyroligneous acid, 79. Solution chlorate potassa, 378. Cardialgia. Oil of wormwood, 75. Mixture boracic acid, 81. Acetic ether, 91. Ammonia, 103. Lime-water and potass., 156. Columbo and magnesia, 200. Compound powder of kino, 293. Magnesia mixture, 305. Nux vomica, 328. Rhubarb and chalk, 395. Carbonate soda and rhubarb, 435. 
Caries. Phosphoric acid, 86. Creasote oiutment, 209. Cataract. Anemone, 116. Solution of atropia, 135. 
Catarrh. Gum mixture, lozenges, &o., 76. Mixture benzoic acid, 81. Infusion and syrupofmaidenhair,90,91. Hydrocyanic ether, 92. Garlic, 93. Marsh mallow, 98. Ammoniac mixture, 111. Ammoniac and nitric acid, 111. Ammoniated anisated alcohol, 107. Almond emulsion, 115. Starch lozenges, 116. Lozenges kermes mineral, 120. Mixture kermes mineral, 121. Tronchin's lozenges, 121. Tartar emetic and opium, 122. Arum, 131. Syrup asparagus, 132. Butter cocoa, 152. Catechu and liquorice, 176. Powder spermaceti, 179. Spermaceti mixture, 179. Mixture bittersweet, 221. Emetia lozenges, 223. Barley sugar, 263. Prepared liquorice,254. Mixture henbane, 281. Compound pills elecampane, 283. 3Iixture elecampane, 283. Compound oxymel elecampane, 284. Ipecacuanha lozenges, 287. Lozenges ipecacuanha and camphor, 287. Sugar of milk and Iceland moss, 295. Lozenges lactucarium, 297. Horehound syrup and candy, 312—13. Pectoral hydromel, 315. Mixture balsam Peru, 141. Myrrh and squill, 325. Solution cyanuret potassium, 363. Nitrate potassa and orris root, 379. Syrup red poppies, 399. Squill and ipecacuanha, 418. Seneka and prep., 423-4. Sulphur and liquorice, 449. Sulphur and orris root, 449. Turpentine and myrrh, 456. Emulsion balsam tolu, 458. Mixture tolu and morphia, 459. Green hellebore, 468. Pastilles de Paris, 485. 
Cephalalgia. Mixture vinegar and cardamom, 77. Lotion ammonia, 104. Carbonate ammonia, 106. Asarabacca, 131. Ward's essence, 161. Castor plaster, 175. Sneezewort, 260. Liniment oil amber, 448. Mixture valerian and ammonia, 464. Valerianate zinc, 475. 
Cerebral Affections. Clyster tartar emetic, 123. Horseradish, 128. Clyster colocynth, 199. Bolus of foxglove, 218. Infusion galium, 248. Mixture borotartrate potass., 374. Clyster common salt and arnica, 431. Chancre. Syrup gold, 137. Oiutment gold, 137. Creasote lotion, 209. Mercurial lotion, 2.65. Mercurial liniment, 267. Black wash, 277. 
Chaps. Glycerin, 254. Anodyne ointment, 339. Liniment carbonate potassa, 376. Cold cream, 114, 179, 481. Ointment elder leaves, 409. Camphorated soap, 410. 
Chilblains. Muriatic acid lotion, 85. Sulphuric acid liniment, 87. Alum ointment, 102. Solution chloride lime, 155. Camphor ointment, 161. Liniment of cautharides, 166. Tincture of Cayenne pepper, 167. Compound ointment creasote, 209. Ointment henbane, 282. Lotion iodine, 285. Liniment balsam Peru, 141. Turpentine lotion, 332. Embrocation petroleum, 349. Soap iodide potass., 366. Lotion carbonate potass., 376. Liniment pellitory, 385. llose oil, 400. Mustard liniment; 431. Borax ointment, 434. 
Chlorosis. Pills aloes and iron, 94. Barthez's pills, 96. De Haen's pills, 111. Metallic iron, 227. Compound powder metallic iron, 228. Pills metallic iron, 228. Bolus ammoniated iron, 229. Pills carbonate iron, 231. Tincture chloride iron, 232. , Bath iodide iron, 237. Black oxide iron, 239. Electuary black oxide irou, 239. Sulphate iron, 240. Bland's pills, 240. Syrup sulphate iron, 241. Tartrate of iron and potass., 242. Tannate iron, 243. Compound galbanum pills, 247. Oxide manganese, 310. Chocolate with paullinia, 348. Compound rhubarb pills, 395. Decoction madder, 402. Compound powder valerian. 463. 


y 
572 
CHOLERA —COUGH. 
Cholera. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Liniment nitric acid, 85. Compound bismuth powder, 148. Camphor powder and mixture, 159-60. Extract hemp, 162. Infusion logwood, 259. Sugar milk draught, 296. Opium and acetate lead, 338. Compound pill acetate lead, 356. Mixture bicarbonate potassa, 377. Stevens's saline powder, 378. Plaster sulphate quinia, 392. 
Cholera Infantum. Logwood, 259. Milk and suet, 295. Acetate lead, 356. Infusion benne, 429. 
Chorea. Arsenic, 129. Ammoniated copper, 214. Carbonate iron, 230. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 329. Mixture cyanide potass., 363. Oxide zinc, 470. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 471. Ferrocyanuret zinc, 472. Black snakeroot, 185, 479. 
Colic. Alkaline tincture wormwood, 75. Aniseed, 117. Dewees' carminative, 134, 306. Clyster assafetida, 134. Infusion caraway, 171. Embrocation caraway, 172. Clove plaster, 172. Infusion catnep, 175. Infusion cinnamon, 193. Infusion fennel, 245. Oil pennyroyal, 261. Oil laurel, 298. Mace, 305. Dalby's carminative, 306. Plaster opium and camphor, 339. Opium liniment, 344. Cataplasm black pepper, 352. Emulsion carbonate potassa, 376. Tincture rhubarb and gentian, 397. Compound sagapenum pills, 406. Terebinthinate balsam sulphur, 450. Infusion tobacco, 453. Clyster turpentine, 456. Turpentine mixture, 457. Ginger, 476. Spice plaster, 477. 
Colica Pictonum. Sulphuretted water, 83. Sulphuric acid lemonade, 87. Alum mixture, 101. Alum julep, 102, Liniment belladonna, 146. Electuary of jalap, 290. Opium and sulphur, 337. Opium and cinnamon water, 341. 
Condylomata. Lotion corrosive sublimate and camphor, 270. Bed oxide mercury, 277. 
Constipation. Acetic acid clyster, 79. Preparations aloes, 94. Assafetida and aloes, 94. Mitchell's pills, 95. Anderson's pills, 95. Webster's pills, 95. Morrison's pills, 95. Grimtt's pills, 96. Tartar emetic clyster, 123. Pills of aloes and assafetida, 134. Charcoal electuary, 169. Pills elaterium, 222. Extract butternut, 291. Compound pills buckbean, 317. Compound rhubarb pills, 395. Bhubarb and ox gall, 396. Senna, 424-8. Compound solution sulphate of soda, 439. Bochelle salts, 439. Compound powder sulphur, 449. Clyster turpentine, 456. 
Contusions. Sulph. acid and alcohol, 87. Lotion sal ammoniac, 108. Liniment sal ammoniac, 109. Arnica aud rue, 129. Lotion sulphate copper, 215. Cataplasm hops, 264. Arquebusade water, 317. Compound spirit nutmeg, 325. Fomentation carbonate potass., 376. Lotion nitrate potass., 380. Wine and vinegar of roses, 401. Aromatic fomentation, 401. Aromatic vinegar, 401. Opodeldoc, 411. Soap liniment, 411. Fomentation common salt, 431. Turpentine liniment, 457. 
Convulsions. Garlic, 93. Assafetida mixture, 133. Powder of foxglove, 218. Musk clyster, 324. Liniment oil amber, 448. 
Cornea, Affections of. Aloes, 94. Anemone, 116. Ointment cyanide silver, 126. Ointment iodide silver, 126. Ointment sulphate cadmium, 153. Powder calomel and sugar, 272. Compound ointment cod liver oil, 330. Collyrium caustic potass., 372. Collyrium carbonate potass., 375. 
Corns. Plaster ammonia, 104. Verdigris ointment, 213. Verdigris plaster, 213. Lotion iodine, 285. 
Coryza. Lozenges cubebs, 211. Injection opium, 340. 
Cough. Mixture gum Arabic, 76. Jackson's cough syrup, 77, 484. Hydrocyanic ether, 92. Ammoniac, 111. Almond emulsion, 114. Green linctus, 114. White linctus, 115. Tartar emetic, 122. Antimonial wine and ammoniac,'124. Assafetida and squill, 133. Camphorated cough mixture, 162. Tincture cochineal, 194. Mixture quince seeds, 216. Liquorice, 254. Wistar's cough lozenges, 255. Barley sugar, 263. Powder of ipecacuanha and myrrh, 287. Lactu- 


573 
CRAMP IN THE STOMACH —DIARRHCEA. 
carium, 297. Syrup of muriate of morphia, 322. Lozenges of naphthaline, 327. Brown cough mixture, 255, 344. Opiate linctus, 344. Wistar's lozenges, 345. Pectoral syrup, 347. Squill, 418-22. Seneka and prep, Storax, 445. Mixture oil amber, 448. Linctus with sulphur, 450. Mixture tolu and belladonna, 459. Oxide zinc, 470. Jackson's lozenges, 484. Pastilles de Paris, 485. 
Cramp in the .Stomach. Ammoniated tincture of castor, 175. Ferrocyanide zinc, 472. 
Croup. Carbonate ammonia ointment, 106. Sulphuretted syrup, 108. Sulphate copper, 215. Syrup sulphuret potass., 370. Compound syrup sulphuret potass., 370. Mixture sulphuret potass., 371. Compound syrup squill, 419. Oxymel squill and valerian, 421. Mixture seneka, 42JJ. Cataplasm tobacco, 453. 
Cutaneous Diseases. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 83. Muriatic acid bath, '84. Lotion alum, 102. Arseniate ammonia, 105. Hydriodate ammonia, 107. Sulphuretted hydrosulphate ammonia, 108. Sulphuret antimony, 120. Lotion tartar emetic, 123. Iodide arsenic, 129. Donovan's solution, 129. Chloride barium, 142.. Solution bromine, 149. Lime oiutment, 156. Anthracokali, 169. Ointment iodide carbon, 170. Creasote ointment, 209. Decoction bittersweet, 221. Extract bittersweet, 221. Mixtjjj^-setuV..^^. Fuligokali, 246. Decoction guaiacum, 257. Guaiacum anTljulphur, 258. Compound mercurial powder, 264. Solution acetate mercury, 268. Ointment white precipitate, 268. Bateman's lotion, 270. Plummer's pills, 272. Calomel ointment, 273. Ointment red iodide mercury, 276. Ointment nitrate mercury, 276. Ointment sulphate mercury, 279. Black sulphuret mercury, 279. Red sulphuret mercury, 279 Compound decoction mezereon, 318. Cod liver oil, 329. Phosphorated cerate, 350. Burgundy pitch, 354. Tar water, 354. Lotion cyanide potass., 363. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 365. Ioduretted water, 366. Sulphuret potass., 369. Lotion sulphuret potass., 370. Barlow's lotion, 370. Mixture sulphuret potass., 371. Aromatic bath, 401. Extract elder berries, 409. Sarsaparilla, 413-16. Ointment bromide sodium, 431. Sulphuret sodium, 432. Arseniate soda, 433. Soda and ipecacuanha, 435. Ointment carbonate soda, 435. Hyposulphite soda, 437. Compound pills sulphate soda, 439. Lotion sulphate soda, 439. Sulphur and cream of tartar, 449. Poison oak, 460. Decoction elm bark, 461. Decoction white hellebore, 467. Iodide zinc, 472. Arsenical pills, 80. Lotion of hydrocyanic acid, 83. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 83. Ointment of nitric acid, 85. Goulard's lotion, 114. Safflower, 171. Glycerin, 254. Ethereal tincture of iodine, 284. Muriate of manganese, 310. Fowler's solution, 374. Mixture of iodine and arsenic, 374. Di-arsenite of quinia, 388. Zittman's decoction, 414. Syrup of Laffecteur, 415. Iodide of sulphur, 452. 
Deafness. Cayenne pepper lozenges, 167. Acoustic balsam, 477. Injection caustic potassa, 372. 
Debility. Preparations cacao, 151. Camphor mixture, 160. Hartshorn jelly, 207. Preparations iron, 228-243. Barley meal, 263. Clyster eggs, 346. Mixture eggs, 346. Chocolate and paullinia, 348. 
Delirium Tremens. Opium and musk, 337. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 345. 
Diabetes. Phosphoric acid, 86. Hydrosulphate ammonia, 108. Compound pills ammoniated copper, 214. Compound pills kino, 293. Pills acetate morphia, 321. Carbonate potassa and ammonia, 377. Sulphur mixture, 450. 
Diarrhea. Tannic acid, 88. Acetate alumina, 99. Alum, 100. Angustura, 117. Mixture chamomile, 119. Antimonial wine and laudanum, 124. Arnica, 128. Dewees' carminative, 134. Clyster bistort, 148. Compound powder chalk, 157. Lozenges chalk, 157. Chalk mixture, 157. Camphor water and laudanum, 159. Camphor water and nitric acid, 160. Compound cascarilla 


574 
DISINFECTION—DYSENTERY. 
powder, 173. Catechu, 176. Chlorine clyster, 183. Peruvian bark and rhatany, 188. Electuary Peruvian bark, 189. Infusion columbo and ginger, 200. Columbo and cascarilla, 201. Creasote mixture, 209. Sulphate copper, 215. Electuary sulphate copper, 215. Wine persimmons, 220. Infusion black purslane, 226. Mixture ammoniated iron, 229. Persesquinitrate iron, 238. Compound infusion galls, 248. Syrup galls, 248. Geranium, 252. Decoction pomegranate rind, 256. Infusion logwood, 259. Electuary logwood, 259. Compound powder kino, 293. Electuary kino, 293. Compound'powder rhatany, 293. Monesia, 319. Injection acetate morphia, 321. Opium and chalk, 336. Roasted opium, 336. Plaster opium and camphor, 339. .Mixture wine of opium, 342. Sedative mixture, 342-348. Bolus allspice, 351. Acetate lead, 356. Acetate lead mixture, 358. Decoction oak bark, 387. Confection acorns, 387. Boasted rhubarb, 395. Bhubarb mixture, 398. Confection dog rose, 399. Electuary roses, 400. Decoction blackberry root, 402. Infusion benne, 429. Hardhack, 441. Compound turpentine plaster, 457. Tormentil, 459. Infusion slippery elm, 462. Mixture of gum Arabic, 77. Subnitrate of bismuth, 148. Columbo and salep, 201. Sweet fern, 201. Oil of ergot, 225. Tincture of gentian, 252. Avens, 253. Barley, 263. Magnesia and rhubarb, 306. Marsh rosemary, 443. 
Disinfection. Prophylactic vinegar, 79. Gaseous muriatic acid, 84. Chloride of lime, 154. Chlorine, 182. Solution chloride potass., 3£3. Solution chloride soda, 437. 
Dropsy. Indian hemp, 124. Infusion horseradish, 127. Compound spirit horseradish, 128. Decoction asparagus, 132. Extract asparagus, 132. Chloride gold and sodium, 138. Hairy horehound, 141. Wine bryony, 150. Camphorated ethereal tincture cantharides, 164. Vinegar cayenne pepper, 168. Infusion carrot seeds, 171. Celandine, 181. Pipsissewa, 182. Black snakeroot, 185. Vinegar colchicum, 197. Colchicum and squill, 198. Horsebalm, 198. Colocynth, 198. Powdered foxglove, 218. Pills foxglove, 218. Infusion foxglove, 218. Elaterium, 222. Canada fleabane, 225. Gamboge, 249. Black hellebore, 261. Bacher's pills, 261. Compound wine black hellebore, 261. Jalap and cream of tartar, 289. Compound powder jalap, 290. Compound infusion juniper, 291. Preparations juniper, 291. Mustara whey, 295. Aromatic tincture lettuce, 297. Starkey's soap, 333. Embrocation petroleum, 349. Mixture petroleum, 349. Infusion parsley root, 349. Solution iodide potassium, 364. Scillitic acetate potassa, 372. Liquid acetate potassa, 373. Mixture acetate potassa, 373.. Borotartrate potassa, 375. Nitrate potassa and squill, 380. Mixture nitrate potassa, 380. Cream of tartar, 382. Tartrate potassa and ammonia, 383. Decoction elder bark, 409. Confection scammony, 417. Squill, 418-22. Squill and nitrate potassa, 418. Squill and cream of tartar, 418. Infusion and decoction broom, 422. Acetate soda, 433. Solution carbonate soda, 434. Pills tobacco, 452. Wine tobacco, 452. Decoction dandelion, 455, Extract dandelion, 455. Electuary turpentine, 456. Veratria, 466. Sweet spirit of nitre, 91. Infusion of buchu, 150. Extract and decoction of cahinca, 153. Infusion of Peruvian bark, 188. Ethereal tincture of foxglove, 219. Digitalin, 220. Phosphate of iron, 240. Electuary of jalap, 290. 
Dropsy, Ovarian. Ointment iodine and mercury, 285. Solution iodide potass., 364. 
Dysentery. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Starch jelly, 116. Starch and suet, 116. Angustura, 117. Clyster bistort, 148. Camphor water and laudanum, 159. Camphor water and nitric acid, 160. Cascarilla mixture, 173. Electuary catechu, 176. Infusion black purslane, 226. Mixture extract logwood, 260. Calomel and opium, 271. Decoction ipecacuanha, 288. Mixture ipecacuanha, 288. Emulsion jalap, 290. Electuary kino, 293. Mixture rhatany, 294. Milk and suet, 295. Mixture cherry-laurel, 299. Injection morphia, 320. Nux vomica, 327. Mixture nux vomica and aloes, 328. Oleaginous mixture, 331. 


575 
DYSMENORRHEA—FACE, ERUPTIONS ON, BLOTCHES, &o. 
Opium and acetate lead, 338. Opiate, 339. Plaster opium and camphor, 339. Opium and syrup poppies, 340. Pills of rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 395. Confection dogrose, 399. Syrup blackberries, 403. Compound powder sulphur, 449. Infusion slippery-elm, 462. Compound pills sulphate zinc, 474. 
Dysmenorrhea. Infusion southern wood, 130. Camphor mixture, 160. Compound pills ergot, 224. Clyster iodine, 285. 
Dyspepsia. Wormwood, 75. Aloes pills, 94-96. Aniseed, 118. Orange peel and rhubarb, 135. Cayenne pepper pills, 167. Infusion cinnamon, 193. Powder coriander, 207. Pill prepared metallic iron, 228. Mixture malate iron, 237. Nitrate iron, 238. Mixture soot, 246. Infusion gentian and rhubarb, 251. Mixture gentian and sulphuric acid, 252. Masterwort, 262. Infusion hops, 264. Mercury, chalk, and ipecacuanha, 265. Bolus ipecacuanha, 287. Ipecacuanha and centaury, 287. Rice jelly, 346. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 368. Sulphate potassa and rhubarb, 381. Bhubarb, 395, 398. Soda and rhubarb, 435. Mixture carbonate soda and quassia, 435. Compound turpentine plaster, 457. Oxide zinc and columbo, 470. Alkaline tincture of wormwood, 75. 'Lactic acid, 84. Alkaline wine of aloes, 97. Chamomile pills, 119. Subnitrate of bismuth, 148. Calamus, 153. Antacid mixture, 156. Aromatic powder, 170. Wine of tartrate of iron, 242. Magnesia and orange peel, 305. 
Dyspnea. Opium and castor, 338. 
Dysuria. Benzoic acid and copaiba, 80. Tartar emetic and phosphate lime, 122. Infusion fleabane, 225. Pills nitrate potassa, 379. Mixture tobacco, 453. 
Ear, Affections of. Pyroligneous acid, 79.' Acoustic balsam, 141. Injection morphia, 320. Anti-otitic mixture, 339. Opium liniment, 344. 
Ecchymosis. Juniper liniment, 292. Lotion nitrate potassa, 380. 
Elephantiasis. Mudar, 158. 
Engorgements, Visceral. Pills black oxide iron, 239. Electuary black oxide iron, 239. Calomel and dandelion, 272. Calomel and squill, 272. Sulphate mercury, 278. Compound powder rhubarb, 395. Tartrate soda and rhubarb, 439. Mixture tartrate soda, 440. Tartrate soda whey, 440. Compound infusion dandelion, 455. 
Epilepsy. Nitrate silver, 126-127. Belladonna, 144. Oil box, 151. Electuary Peruvian bark, 189. Muriate copper, 214. Ammoniated copper, 214. Ammoniated copper and belladonna, 214. Compound pills sulphate copper, 215. Ammoniated iron, 229. Prussian blue, 234. Wine galium, 248. Masterwort, 262. Calomel and opium, 273. Indigo, 283. Opium and nitrate silver, 338. Phosphorated oil, 350. Mixture biniodide potassium, 324. Compound powder valerian, 463. Oxide zinc, 470. Compound pills oxide zinc, 470. Ethereal tincture chloride zinc, 471. Compound pills sulphate zinc, 474. Epistaxis. Alum, 100. Sulphate copper styptic, 216. Injection sulphate iron, 241. 
Excoriation. Cold cream, 114, 179, 481. Carbonate lead ointment, 359. Plaster carbonate lead, 359. Ointment tannate lead, 361. Bose oil, 401. Camphor soap, 410. Ointment oxide zinc, 470. Cerate carbonate zinc, 473. 
Exanthemata. Compound mercurial powder, 264. Sulphuret magnesium, 308. Balm, 315. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 429. Compound infusion elm bark, 461. 
Eye, Affections of. Atropia, 135. Camphor ointment, 161. Camphor colly rium, 162. 
Face, Eruptions on, Blotches, &c. Wash sal ammoniac, 109. Almond paste, 112. Almond powder, 112. Compound almond lotion, 113. Milk roses, 113, 147. Goulard's lotion, 357. Cosmetic liniment, 115. Water anemone, 116. Wash of benzoin, 147. Emulsion benzoin, 147. Spermaceti liniment, 180. 


576 
FAINTING—FCETOR ORIS. 
Sultana ointment, 180. Emulsion corrosive sublimate, 270. Cosmetic wash, 270-1. Lotion carbonate potassa, 376. Beef marrow soap, 410. Aromatic soap, 410. Cosmetic soap powder, 410. Essence of soap, 412. Lotion oxide of zinc, 470. 
Fainting. Aromatic vinegar, 78-79. Aromatic carbonate of ammonia, 105- Succinate ammonia, 110. 
Fever. Vinegar mixture, 77. Syrup vinegar, 78. Effervescing powders, 82,88. Tartaric acid, 88. Sweet spirit of nitre, 91. Acetate ammonia, 105. Citrate ammonia, 107. Nitrate ammonia, 109. Tartar emetic, 122. Mixture extract centaury, 178. Boneset, 226. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 229. Mixture avens, 253. Calomel and jalap, 271. Calomel and nitrate potassa, 271. Dover's powder, 286. Ipecacuanha and tragacanth, 287. Infusion malt, 309. Citrate potassa, 378. Nitrate potassa, 379. Nitrous powders, 379. Mixture nitrate potassa, 380. Mixture sulphate potassa, 381. Infusion of sage, 408. Tamarinds, 453. 
Fever, Hectic. Compound infusion boneset, 226. Goelis's powder, 325. Compound powder sulphate quinia, 390. Compound infusion sage, 408. 
Fever, Intermittent. Pills arsenic and opium, 80. Lockstadt's pills, 115. Golden sulphuret antimony, 121. Tartar emetic and quinine, 122. Electuary orange-peel, 135. Bebeerine, 144. Camphor water and ether, 160. Cetrarine, 181. Preparations Peruvian bark, 185, 191. Cinchonia, 191. Decoction coffee, 195. Dogwood, 207. Pills sulphate copper, 215. Sulphate copper and opium, 215. Persimmon, 220. Compound powder Prussian blue, 234. Horsechestnut, 262. Tulip-tree bark, 303. Magnolia, 309. Narcotina, 327. Phloridzine, 350. Phosphorated oil turpentine, 350. Piperine, 353. Mixture acetate potassa, 373. Arsenical solution, 373. Arseniate potassa, 374. Mixture citrate potassa and bark, 379. Oxalate potassa, 380. Quassia, 386. Oak bark, 386. Quinia and salts, 387-393. Salicin, 407. Willow bark, 407. Virginia snakeroot, 428. Common salt and lemon juice, 432. Arseniate soda, 433. Solution chlorinated soda, 437. 
Fever, Typhus. Carbonate ammonia, 106. Powder of oxide of gold, 139. Wild indigo, 142. Clyster camphor, 161. Liniment cantharides, 165. Tincture cayenne pepper, 167. Musk mixture, 324. Turpentine mixture, 332. Laudanum and tartar emetic, 345. Egg and brandy mixture, 346. Egg and wine mixture, 346. Mixture Virginia snakeroot and allspice, 429. Wine Virginia snakeroot and vanilla, 429. Tincture Virginia snakeroot and balsam Peru, 429. Mustard whey, 430. Chlorinated soda, 437. 
Fissures, Anus. Ointment acetate lead, 357. 
Fistula. Injections copaiba, 205. Injection corrosive sublimate, 270. Injection myrrh, 326. Injection iodide potass., 364. Injection iodine, 367. Compound lotion iodide potass., 367. 
Flatulence. Ammoniated alcohol, 107. Tincture angelica, 117. Aniseed, 118. Chamomile pills, 118. Tincture assafetida and soot, 134. Assafetida plaster, 134. Elixir orange-peel, 135. Tincture benzoin, 147. Calamus, 153. Aromatic powder and confection, 170. Compound tincture cardamom, 170. Spirit caraway, 171. Preparations cloves, 172. Cinnamon, 192. Coriander, 206. Elixir de Garus, 210. Oil of dittany, 212. Infusion of fennel, 245. Oil of partridge-berry, 250. Pennyroyal, 260. Henbane and ipecacuanha, 281. Lavender, 299. Magnesia and camphor, 307. Peppermint, 316. Nutmeg, 324. Confection opium, 338. Water allspice, 351. Electuary black pepper, 352. Compound tincture sassafras, 416. Purgative pastilles, 418. Mixture carbonate soda and gentian, 435. Compound turpentine plaster, 457. Ginger, 476. 
Fcetor Oris. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Alum, 100. Lozenges chloride of lime, 154. Charcoal lozenges, 169. Lozenges catechu, 176. Pastilles catechu, 177. Creasote, 209. " v 


577 
FROST, EFFECTS OF —GOUT. 
Frost, Effects of. Muriatic acid lotion, 85. Sulphuric acid liniment, 87 Rust's ointment, 102. Oil elaterium, 222. Compound ointment henbane, 282. Embrocation petroleum, 349. 
Fungous Flesh. Burnt alum, 100. Chloride antimony, 119. Lotion orpiment, 130. Verdigris and savine, 212. Verdigris ointment, 213. 
Ganglionic System, Diseases of. Cataplasm of bryony, 150. Prussian blue, 234. 
Gangrene. Compound camphor pills, 159. Peruvian bark and arnica, 186 Cataplasm Peruvian bark, 190. Musk pills, 323. Anodyne ointment, 340. Cataplasm oak bark, 387. 
Gastralgia. Mixture aconite, 90. Subnitrate bismuth, 148. Syrup codeia, 195. 
Gastrodynia. Oxide silver, 126. Compound bismuth powder, 148. Compound tincture cinnamon, 193. Oil of ergot, 225. Mercurial mixture, 266. 
Glands Enlarged. Plaster ammoniac with mercury, 112. Cataplasm bryony, 150. Ointment chloride lime, 155. Animal charcoal, 168. Ointment of iodide of carbon, 170. Hemlock and dandelion, 202. Plaster foxglove, 219. Ointment iodide iron, 237. Compound galbanum plaster, 247. Compound mercurial liniment, 267. Ointment iodide mercury, 275.- Bed sulphuret mercury, 279. Liniment henbane, 282. Ethereal tincture iodine, 284. Mixture iodine and iodide potassium, 284. Sulphuret potassium, 369. Compound plaster sulphuret potassium, 371. Bin-iodide of quinia, 388. Burnt sponge, 442. 
Gleet. Tannic acid, 87. Tincture cantharides and guaiacum, 164. Cubebs and ergot, 210. Compound powder ergot, 224. Pills guaiacum and turpentine, 258. Injection chloride zinc, 471: 
Glottis, Spasm of. Cataplasm tobacco, 453. 
Goitre. Solution chloride calcium, 154. Animal charcoal, 168. Iodine ointment, 285. Cataplasm iodine, 285. Iodide potass., 364. Ointment iodide potass., 365. Liniment iodide potass., 366. Sulphuret potass., 369. Burut sponge, 442. 
Gonorrhoea. Injection of hydrocyanic acid, 83. Pills of tannic acid, 87. Alumina, 98. Alum, 101. Nitrate silver, 127. Assafetida and opium, 133. Oil box, 131. Pills chloride calcium, 154. Emulsion hemp, 163. Compound bolus catechu, 176. Electuary catechu, 176. Wine Peruvian bark and calamus, 191. Copaiba and its preparations, 204-6. Cubebs, 210-12. Injection ammoniated copper, 214. Injection sulphate copper, 215. Compound powder ammoniated iron, 229. Injection iodide iron, 236. Pills sulphate iron, 240. Tincture galls, 249. Oil guaiacum, 257. Mixture of Indian sarsaparilla, 262. Injection corrosive sublimate, 270. Calomel and catechu, 272. Saturated tincture iodine, 284. Injection opium, 340. Sedative injection, 348. Oil parsley, 349. Injection of chloro-platinate of sodium, 356. Acetate lead mixture, 358. Injection sulphuret potass., 371. Injection caustic potassa, 372. Pills nitrate potassa and camphor, 380. Nitrated emulsion, 380. Starkey's soap, 410. Turpentine and rhubarb, 450. Turpentine mixture, 457. Injection acetate zinc, 473. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 474. Injection sulphate zinc, 475. Gout. Aconite, 89. Ammoniacal liniment, 104. Carbonate ammonia, 106. Phosphate ammonia, 109. Ammoniacal succinic acid, 110. Golden sulphuret antimony, 120,121. Sulphuret calcium, 155. Camphorated ether, 161. Portland powder, 178. Pills pipsissewa, 182. Colchicum, 196. Wine hedge hyssop, 257. Pills guaiacum and sulphur, 258. Ammoniacal tincture guaiacum, 259. Magnesia and colchicum, 306. Confection opium, 33*8. Phosphorated oil, 350. Mixture caustic potassa, 372. Solution silicate potassa, 381. Warner's cordial, 397. Extract elder berries, 409. Pills soap and ox gall, 411. Cor-37 


578 
GRAVEL —HERPES. 
serve broom, 423. Compound tincture senna, 426. Liniment sulphuret carbon, 451. Turpentine mixture, 457. Veratria, 466. Wine white hellebore, 467. 
Gravel. Mixture Prussian blue, 234. Carbonate potassa and ammonia, 377. Gums, Affections of. Boracic acid, 81. Alumina, 99. Electuary alum, 101. Gargle alum, 101. Collutory catechu, 177. Collutory creasote, 209. Gargle sulphate zinc, 474. 
Hematemesis. Calomel and acetate of lead, 272. Pills acetate lead, 356. 
Hemoptysis. Powder starch, 116. Carrageen mixture, 184. Electuary Peruvian bark and catechu, 189. Creasote mixture, 208, 209. Bolus foxglove, 218. Mixture tincture foxglove, 219. Sedative mixture, 342. Compound pills acetate lead, 356. Tolu mixture, 459. Mixture uva ursi, 462. 
Hemorrhages. Gallic acid, 82. Alum, 100. Alum whey, 102. Bistort, 148. Alum and catechu, 176. Extract of Peruvian bark, 187. Sulphate copper, 215. Compound powder ergot, 224. Extract ergot, 224. Chloride iron and acetate lead, 232. Tincture chloride iron, 232. Solution sulphate iron, 241. Compound powder galls, 248. Avens, 253. Compound powder kino, 293. Mixture rhatany, 294. Alum whey, 295. Matico, 313. Boasted opium, 336. Opium and acetate lead, 338. Compound pills acetate lead, 356. Acetate lead, 356. Mixture bistort, 149. Haemostatic powder, 393. Powder sulphate soda and opium, 439. Mixture uva ursi, 462. Eau de Pagliari, 482. 
Hemorrhoids. Aloetic mixture, 97. Alum ointment, 103. Lime ointment, 156. Charcoal suppository, 169. Extract Peruvian bark, 187. Hemlock oil, 202. Suppository hemlock, 203. Saffron ointment, 210. Oil elaterium, 222. Ointment galls, 249. Compound gall ointment, 249. Witch hazel, 260. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 267. Ointment red oxide mercury and tin, 278. Ointment henbane, 282. Electuary jalap, 290. Ointment matico, 314. Injection morphia, 320. Anodyne ointment, 339. Ointment opium and tar, 340. Laudanum ointment, 344. Confection black pepper, 352. Ward's paste, 352. Pile ointment, 357. Lead ointment, 360. Mixture tartrate potassa, 382. Mixture bitartrate potassa, 383. Ointment figwort, 423. Electuary senna and sulphur, 425. Ointment tin, 442. Ointment stramonium, 445. Sulphur electuary, 449. Fomentation sulphate zinc, 474. > Hair, Loss of, &c. Garlic, 93. Almond cream, 114. Macassar oil, 115. Fixature, 115, 216, 332. Hair dye, 127. Compound tincture cantharides, 164. Pomatum cantharides, 165, 166. Shampoo liquid, 167. Pomatum Peruvian bark, 190. Lotion galls, 248. Compound ointment balsam Peru, 142. Ointment of lavender, 300. 
Hair, to Bemove. Orpiment powder, 130. Various depilatories, 482. Heart, Affections of. Syrup asparagus, 132. Bromine, 149. Foxglove and acetate lead, 219. Digitalin, 220. Mixture iodide potass., 364. . 
Hemicrania. Pills of valerianate of quinia, 393. Compound powder valerian, 463. Electuary valerian, 463. 
Hemiplegia. Pills poison oak, 460. 
Hepatitis. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Bath nitromuriatic acid, 86. Compound mercurial pill, 266. Chlorate potassa, 378. Dandelion, 455. 
Hernia. Clyster belladonna, 146. Infusion tobacco, 453. 
Herpes. Chlorine liniment, 183. Arseniate iron, 229. Ointment carburet iron, 232. Decoction soot, 245. Ointment black hellebore, 261. Liniment acetate mercury, 268. Compound calomel pill, 272. Calomel ointment, 273. Ointment red oxide mercury and lead, 278. Ointment sulphate mercmy, 279. Bed sulphuret mercury, 280. Ointment red sulphuret mercury, 280. Lotion sulphuret potassium, 370. 


579 
HICCOUGH —JAUNDICE. 
Hiccough. Ammoniated alcohol, 107. Assafetida, 133. Carminative mixture, 316. 
Hooping-Cough. Succinated ammonia, 110. Extract anemone, 116. Kermes' mineral, 120. Antimonial wine and bittersweet, 124. Assafetida pills and mixture, 132,133. Assafetida and tolu, 133. Assafetida plaster, 134. Belladonna, 144, 146. Fumigating powder, 147. Emulsion cantharides, 164. Tincture bark and cantharides, 190. Syrup Peruvian bark, 191. Cochineal and carbonate potass., 194. Confection ipecacuanha, 287. Mixture ipecacuanha, 288. Compound syrup ipecacuanha, 288. Alkaline wine ipecacuanha, 289. Syrup sulphuret magnesium, 308. Myrrh aud zinc, 325. Lettsom's elixir, 344. Mixture carbonate potassa, 377. Compound syrup squill, 420. Carbonate soda and ipecacuanha, 434. Tincture artificial musk, 448. Liniment oil of amber, 448. Compound powder tobacco, 452. Mixture balsam tolu and copaiba, 459. Sulphate zinc, 474. Mixture sulphate zinc, 475. Oxide of zinc, 470. Ammoniated alcohol, 107. Syrup of codeia, 195. Hemlock plaster, 202. Copaiba mixture, 205. Pills of henbane, 281. Mixture of henbane and antimony, 281. Powder ipecacuanha and carbonate of soda, 286. Powder of musk, 323. Musk mixture, 324. 
Hydrophobia. Extract hemp, 162. Tonquin powder, 323. 
Hydrocephalus. Powder foxglove, 218. Calomel and foxglove, 271. Ointment iodide potass, and mercury, 365. 
Hydrothorax. Tincture colchicum and foxglove, 197. Colchicum and elaterium, 198. Mixture colocynth, 200. Pills foxglove, 218. Mixture elaterium, 222. Gamboge mixture, 249. Extract lettuce, 297. Mixture tobacco, 453. 
Hypochondria. Assafetida, 132. Mixture lettuce and dandelion, 296. 
Hypopion. Pills seneka, 423. 
Hysteria. Mixture acetic ether, 91. Whytt's pills, 96. Carbonate ammonia, 105. Sua\nate ammonia, 110. Mixture chamomile, 119. Infusion southern wood, 130. Assafetida and iron, 132. Assafetida mixture, 133. Alkaline tincture assafetida, 134. Tincture assafetida and soot, 134. Assafetida and castor, 134. Belladonna and camphor, 145. Bolus castor, 174. Castor pills, 174. Skunk cabbage, 220. Soot pills, 245. Compound galbanum pills, 247. Mixture lactucarium, 297. Anti-hysteric water, 316. Musk, 323. Pills opium and musk, 337. Tincture opium and asarabacca, 343. Mixture rue and squill, 403. Liniment oil of amber, 448. Compound powder valerian, 463. Vanilla,- 465. Valerianate zinc, 475. 
Ileus. Hemlock oil, 202. 
Impetigo. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 83. Glycerine, 254. Compound powder sulphur, 449. Powder iodide sulphur, 452. Ointment oxide zinc and opium, 470. 
Iritis. Turpentine mixture, 332. 
Ischuria. Assafetida and opium, 133 
Issues. Ointment of cantharides, 166.. Elemi plaster, 223. 
Itch. Sulphuric acid ointment, 87. Lime-water and sulphur, 156. Lime ointment, 156. Chlorine ointment, 183. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 270. Ointment red oxide mercury and sulphur, 277. Tincture sulphuret potass., 370. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 370. Ointment carbonate potassa, 377. Soap and sulphur, 412. Decoction stavesacre, 443. Compound powder sulphur, 449- Sulphur ointment, 450. Compound sulphur ointment, 450. Ointment whito hellebore, 467. Sulphuret sodium, 432. 
Jaundice. Terebinthinated ether, 93. Barberry, 148. Compound wine cen taury, 178. Acetate of potassa, 373. Senna and guaiacum, 425. 


580 
JOINTS, AFFECTIONS OF —MENORRHAGIA. 
Joints, Affections of. Pipsissewa beer, 182. Compound decoction guaiacum, 257. Pills guaiacum and antimony, 258. Ointment calomel and squill, 273. Oil laurel, 298. 
Kidneys, Affections of. Emulsion manna, 311. Carbonate soda, 435. Ointment turpentine, 457. j Uva ursi, 462. 
Labor. Contrayerva mixture, 203. Ergot and its preparations, 224-5. Decoction cotton root, 255. Compound powder borax, 433. 
Laryngitis. Creasote pills, 208. Liniment croton oil 335. Plaster croton oil> 335. 
Leucorrhqsa. Injection gallic acid, 82. Tannic acid, 87. Whytt's pills, 96. Alum, 101. Electuary catechu, 176. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 186. Wine Peruvian bark and calamus, 191. Cubebs and ergot, 210. Compound powder ergot, 224. Infusion black purslane, 226. Compound pills carbonate iron, 231. Lozenges iodide iron, 235. Bath iodide iron, 237. Ointment iodide iron, 237. Black oxide iron, 239. Electuary black oxide iron, 239. Sulphate iron, 240. Syrup sulphate iron, 241. Solution tartrate iron and potass., 242. Injection soot, 246. Tincture galls, 248. Avens, 253. Compound powder guaiacum, 258. Calomel and catechu, 272. Saturated tincture iodine, 284. Injection rhatany, 294. Injection subacetate lead, 357. Iodide potass., 364. Decoction oak bark, 387. Pills turpentine and guaiacum, 456. 
Lepra. Pills arsenic and opium, 80. Iodide arsenic, 129. Donovan's solution, 129. Barytic liniment, 143. Mudar, 159. Chlorine oil, 183. Mixture tincture colocynth, 200. Carburet iron, 232. Ethereal solution bibromide mercury, 269. Ointment naphthaline, 327. 
Lichen. Carburet iron, 232. Ointment glycerine, 254. Ointment calomel and camphor, 274. Ointment cyanuret mercury, 274. 
Lips, Excoriation of. Spermaceti lip salve, 179. 
Liver, Affections of. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 83. Muriatic acid pediluvium, 85. Terebinthinated ether, 93. Ointment tartar emetic, 123. Belladonna, 145. Blue pill and jalap, 266. Blue pill and quinia, 266. Compound mercurial pill, 266. Compound cathartic pills, 273. Calomel and jalap, 273, 289. Tartrate of potassa and rhubarb, 382. Mixture tartrate potassa, 382. 
Lumbago. Camphor ointment, 162. Spirit turpentine mixture, 332. 
Lungs, Affections of. Syrup chamomile, 119. Tartar emetic, 122. Tartar emetic and opium, 122. Lotion tartar emetic, 123. Ointment tartar emetic, 123. Syrup antimonial wine, 124. Fig coffee, 243. Syrup asparagus, 132. Compound tincture benzoin, 147. Hemlock and ipecacuanha, 202. Compound pills henbane, 281. Ipecacuanha and antimony, 286. Myrrh and ipecacuanha, 325. Naphthaline, 327. Tar water, 354. Solution cyanuret potass., 363. Decoction and syrup seneka, 423. Storax, 445. Balsam tolu, 458. Coltsfoot, 461. 
Mammae, Affections of. Ointment carbonate ammonia, 106. Fomentation salammoniac, 108. Cataplasm sal-ammoniac, 109. Lime water and oil, 456. Charcoal, 168. Ointment turpentine, 457. Ointment oxide zinc and lycopodium, 471. Mania. Compound pills columbo, 200. Pills foxglove, 218 Marasmus. Jelly orange leaves, 136. 
Measles. Infusion safflower, 171. Spermaceti mixture, 179 
Menorrhagia. Pills gallic acid, 82. Pills tannic acid and opium, 87. Alum, 100. Compound bolus catechu, 176. Peruvian bark and isinglass, 186. 


581 
MERCURIAL DISEASE —OPHTHALMIA. 
Ergot, 224-5. Infusion black purslane, 226. Pills ammoniated iron, 229. Injection sulphate iron, 241. Aromatic alum whey, 295. 
Mercurial Disease. Mixture sulphuret potass., 371. Sulphur mixture, 450. Milk, To Increase Secretion of. Compound powder fennel, 245. Milk, To Retard Secretion of. Bolus acetate potassa, 372. Pills acetate soda, 433. Mouth, Affections of. Vinegar gargle, 78. Muriatic acid gargle, 84. Collutory nitric acid, 85. Alum, 100. Chlorine gargle, 154, 183. Collutory balsam Peru, 141. Collutory carbonate potassa, 376. Boracic acid wash, 81. Salammoniac, 109. Phosphate of lime, 158. Decoction of New Jersey tea, 177. Goldthread, 206. Creasote mixture, 209. Myrrh, 326. 
Mollities Ossium. Phosphate lime, 157. 
Muscles, Rigidity of. Ointment iodine and oil tobacco, 285 
Nausea. Clove cataplasm, 172. Clove bag, 173. Pennyroyal, 260. Compound infusion mint, 317. Spice plaster, 477. Mixture carbonate potassa, 376. 
Nephritis. Compound decoction oatmeal, 140. Infusion carrot seed, 171. Emulsion bicarbonate soda, 436. Compound ointment of turpentine, 457. Compound powder of uva ursi, 462. 
Neuralgia. Pills of arsenic and opium, 80. Aconitia, 90. Tannate of quinia, 393. Aconite plaster and lotion, 89. Plaster belladonna, 146. Oil benzoin, 147. Emulsion cantharides, 164. Bolus castor, 174. Liniment chloroform, 184. Tincture colchicum, 196. Colchicum and camphor, 198. Creasote pills, 208. Carbonate iron, 230. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 259. Calomel and opium, 273. Compound pills henbane, 281. Lotion cherry-laurel, 299. Sulphate morphia, 322. Turpentine mixture, 332. Opiated turpentine liniment, 333. Carbonate lead ointment, 358. Lotion chloride lead, 359. Lotion cyanuret potassium, 363. Ointment cyanuret potass., 363. Solution chlorate potassa, 378. Extract cevadilla, 404. Extract tobacco, 452. Ointment tobacco, 453. Veratria, 466. Valeriauate zinc, 475. 
Nervous Disorders. Camphor and musk, 159. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 160. Peruvian bark aud valerian, 186, 190. Pills ammoniated iron, 229. Infusion hops, 264. Compound powder henbane, 281. Musk, 323. Wild cherry bark, 384. Compound pills sulphate quinia, 391. Oxide zinc, 470. Cyanuret zinc, 472. Ferrocyanuret zinc, 472. Chloride of zinc, 471. Nipples, Excoriated. Oil elaterium, 222. Glycerine, 254. Mammillary lotion, 141. Opium and lime water, 340. Borax, 434. 
Nodes, Venereal. Mercurial plaster, 267. 
Nux Vomica, Poisoning by. Sulphuric ether and turpentine, 93. 
Nyctalopia. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 271. 
(Edema. Fomentation arnica, 128. 
Onychia. Corrosive sublimate and zinc, 269. Red oxide mercury, 277. 
Ophthalmia. Alum collyrium, 101. Alum curd, 101. Acetate ammonia, 105. Antimonial wine, 123. Nitrate silver, 127. Ointment nitrate silver, 127. Chloride gold, 137. Chloride barium, 143. Sulphate cadmium, 152. Camphor collyrium, 162. Solution of conia, 203. Verdigris and alum, 213. Verdigris ointment, 213. Collyrium sulphate copper, 215. Decoction quince-seeds, 216. Eyebright, 227. Ointment Prussian blue, 234. Ointment red oxide of mercury and zinc, 278. Yellow root, 280. Wine opium, 342. Collyrium acetate lead, 357. Collyrium subacetate lead, 357. Ointment subacetate lead, 358. Collyrium biniodide potass., 367. Compound lotion iodide potass., 367. Collyrium caustic potass., 372. Sulphate of quinia and soda, 390. Ointment oxide 


582 
OPHTHALMIA, GONORRHEAL — PSOROPHTHALMIA. 
zinc, 470. Ointment oxide of zinc and calomel, 471. Mixture ferrocyanuret zinc, 472. Collyrium acetate zinc, 473. Collyrium sulphate zinc, 474. 
Ophthalmia, Gonorrheal. Mercurial lotion, 265. Opium, Poisoning by. Vinegar coffee, 195. 
Orchitis. Mixture chloride barium, 143. Otorrhea. Sulphate of cadmium, 153. 
OzjEna. Angelica, 117. Chloride lime, 155. Mercurial gargle, 265. Compound powder sulphate mercury, 278. 
Palpitation. Syrup asparagus, 132. Powder foxglove, 218. Wild cherry bark, 384. 
Pannus. Compound powder seneka, 423. Pills seneka, 423 
Paralysis. Infusion horseradish, 127. Extract arnica, 128. Assafetida, 132. Brucia, 150. Nitrate camphor, 162. Cantharides and Cayenne pepper, 163. Oil of euphorbium, 227. Nux vomica, 328. Tincture nux vomica, 328. Pills opium and nitrate silver, 338. Phosphorated ether, 350. Lotion mustard, 430. Bath common salt and arnica, 431. Strychnia, 446. Iodate strychnia, 447. Peripneumonia. Golden sulphuret antimony, 120. Powder foxglove, 218. Pills calomel and antimony, 273. 
Periostitis. Compound mercurial ointment, 267. 
Phymosis. Solution sulphate copper, 216. 
Phthisis. Mixture hydrocyanic acid, 82. Alum and benzoic acid, 101. Mixture chloride barium, 143. Belladonna, 145. Iodide calcium, 155. Iceland moss, 180. Carrageen, 184. Electuary Peruvian bark and sulphur, 189. Creasote, 208. Pills sulphate copper, 215. Foxglove, 217-19. Compound pills of henbane, 281. Ipecacuanha and nitrate potassa, 286. Artificial goat's milk, 295. Locatelli's balsam, 141. Myrrh and Canada balsam, 325. Compound extract myrrh, 326. Griffith's mixture, 326. Acetic turpentine liniment, 333. Acetate lead, 356-358. Mixture iodide potassium, 364. Chlorate potassa, 378. Acetate of morphia, 320. Wine of tar, 354. Wild cherry bark, 384. 
Pleuritis. Infusion of pleurisy root, 131. Nitrate of camphor, 162. Mixture foxglove, 219. Cataplasm long pepper, 352. 
Pneumonia. Benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 80. Mixture foxglove, 219. Powder ipecacuanha and muriate ammonia, 286. Powder ipecacuanha and antimony, 286. 
Porrigo. Ointment nitric acid, 85. Lotion corrosive sublimate and copper, 270. Ointment calomel and acetate copper, 273. Ointment nitrate mercury and lead, 276. Ointment sulphate mercury, 279. Ointment oxide manganese, 310. Banyer's ointment, 360. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 370. Powder iodide sulphur, 452. 
Prurigo. Fomentation opium, 340. Ointment carbonate soda, 435. Powder iodide sulphur, 452. 
Pruritus. Lotion carbonate potassa, 376. Lotion borax, 434. Lotion carbonate soda, 435. Lotion chlorate soda, 437. 
Psoriasis. Arsenic and pepper pills, 80. Ointment nitric acid, 85. Ointment subnitrate bismuth, 148. Compound powder anthracokali, 169. Decoction soot, 245. Naphthaline ointment, 327. Ointment poke, 351. Tar ointment, 355. Compound lotion sulphuret potassium, 370. Lotion tobacco, 453. Ointment tobacco, 453. 
I'sorophthalmia. Camphor ointment, 161. Ointment sulphate copper, 216. Ointment red oxide mercury, 277. Ointment red oxide mercury and cinnabar, 278 Ointment common salt, 432. Compound sulphur ointment, 451. 


PYROSIS —SCROFULA. 
583 
/ 
Pyrosis. Alkaline wine aloes, 97. Oxide of silver, 126. Charcoal and quassia, 169. Compound pills kino, 293. Mixture carbonate potassa, 376. 
Rachitis. Phosphate lime, 157. Black oxide iron, 239. Phosphate magnesia, 308. Mixture cod liver oil, 329. Acorn coffee, 387. Compound powder madder, 402. Bectum, Diseases of. Starch mucilage, 115. Suppository hemlock, 203. In jection copaiba, 205. Rheumatism. Aconite, 89. Alctris, 93. Ammoniacal liniment, 104. Phosphate ammonia, 109. Golden sulphuret antimony, 120. Tartar emetic and opium, 122. Plaster tartar emetic, 123. Antimonial powder, 124. Burdock, 125. Extract arnica, 128. Ointment chloride gold, 137. Sulphuret lime, 155. Nitrate camphor, 162. Compound tincture cantharides, 164. Plaster castor, 175. Black snakeroot, 185. Colchicum, 196. Tincture colchicum flowers, 197. Creasote pills, 208. Compound decoction bittersweet, 221. Compound galbanum plaster, 247. Hedge hyssop, 257. Decoction guaiacum, 257. Oil guaiacum, 257. Compound powder guaiacum, 258. Guaiacum mixture, 258. Guaiacum and bittersweet, 258. Tiucture guaiacum, 258. Plummer's pills, 272. Black sulphuret mercury, 279. Nervine balsam, 305. Magnesia and colchicum, 306. Tincture magnolia, 309. Oil of horsemint, 319. Turpentine mixture, 332. Opium and antimony, 337. Opium plaster, 339. Fomentation wine opium, 342. Opium liniment, 344. Plaster petroleum, 349. Phosphorated oil, 350. Plaster black pepper, 352. Pitch plaster, 353. Plaster subacetate lead, 358. Solution chlorate potassa, 378. Plaster pellitory, 385. Tincture cevadilla, 404. Camphorated essence soap, 412. Zittman's decoction, 414. Conserve broom, 423. Pills stramonium seed, 444. Lotion stramonium, 444. Bisulphuret carbon, 451. Turpentine liniment, 457. Poison oak, 460. Veratria, 466. Wine white hellebore, 467. Green hellebore, 468. Hydrosulphuretted bath, 83. Liniment of croton nil, 335. Tincture of poke, 350. Prickly ash, 469. RINGWORM. Ointment cocculus indicus, 194. Vinegar borax, 434. 
SALIVATION. Sulphuretted hydrogen, 83. Muriatic acid gargle, 84. Tannic acid, 87. Gargle sulphate copper, 215 Pills iodine, 284. Sulphuret potass, aud cream of tartar, 369. Gargle borax, 434. Scarlatina. Mixture hyponitrous ether, 91. Acetate ammonia, 105. Plaster tartar emetic, 123. Belladonna, 145. Cayenne pepper gargle, 167. Chlorine mixture, 183. Myrrh gargle, 326. Mixture tartrate potassa, 382. Mixture cream of tartar, 383. Sciataca. Liniment succinated ammonia, 110. Plaster sulphuret antimony, 121. Oil turpentine and honey, 332. Oil turpentine mixture, 332. Schirrhus. Bolus sal ammoniac, 108. Extract marigold, 158. Charcoal, 168. Hemlock, 201. Mercury and antimony, 265. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 267. Scrofula. Hydriodate ammonia, 108. Chloride barium, 143. Iodide barium, 143. Baryta, 143. Compound cataplasm bryony, 150. Solution chloride calcium, 154. Chloride lime, 155. Animal charcoal, 168. Anthracokali, 169. Hemlock, 201. Hydriodic acid, 83. Mixture of sulphuret of antimony, 121. Pipsissewa beer, 182. Carrageen, 184. Soot, 245, 246. Burnt sponge, 442. Koechlin's drops, 214. Mixture bittersweet, 221. Compound powder metallic iron, 228. Ammoniated iron, 229. Bromide iron, 230. Compound pills carbonate iron, 231. Lozenges iodide iron, 235. Ammoniated tincture gentian, 252. Frost-weed, 260. Ointment mercury and belladonna, 267. Mercury ami antimony, 264. Iodide mercury, 275. Ointment iodide mercury, 275. Biniodide mercury, 275. Black sulphuret mercury, 279. Iodine bath, 284. Mixture iodine, 285. Cod liver oil, 330. Iodide lead, 359. Ointment iodide lead, 360. Solution bromide potassium, 362. Ointment bromide potassium, 362. Ointment iodide potassium, 365. Mixture iodide potassium, 365. Bath sulphu- 


584 
SCURVY—TEETH, DISEASES OF 
ret potassium, 371. Mixture sulphuret potassium, 371. Conserve acetate potassa, 373. Acorn coffee, 387. Hydriodate quinia, 388. Decoctiou madder, 402. Jauperand's decoction, 414. Compound infusion sassafras, 416. Compound ointment common salt, 431. Bath common salt and gelatine, 431. Carbonate soda and chamomile, 434. Sulphur electuary, 449. Scurvy. Wood sorrel, 77. Clauder's elixir, 97. Alumina, 99. Mixture horseradish, 128. Brooklime, 144. Scurvy grass, 194. Collutory lemon juice, 300. Mixture buckbean, 317. Chlorate potassa, 378. Sea Sickness. Plaster carbonate ammonia, 106. Sleeplessness. Camphor water and Hoffmann's anodyne, 160. Tincture hops, 264. Mixture lactucarium, 297. Acetate morphia, 320. Preparations opium, 336. Syrup poppies, 347. Jamaica dogwood, 353. Snake Bites. Ammonia and ether, 103. Eau de luce, 106. Sore Throat, Venereal. Mercurial lotion, 265. Spasmodic Diseases. Sulphuric acid and ether, 87. Fuller's pills, 95. Succinated ammonia, 110. Nitrate silver, 126. Electuary orange leaves, 136. Camphor, 159. Ethereal tincture camphor, 160. Extract of hemp, 162. Castor, 174. Chloroform, 183. Mayweed, 208. Pills foxglove, 218. Tincture galbanum, 247. Calomel, antimony, and henbane, 271. Antidiysteric water,316. Musk, 323. Dippel's animal oil, 329. Opium and its preparations, 336. Succinated tincture opium, 343. Clyster opium and valerian, 344. Cyanide potass., 363. Mixture nitrate potassa, 380. Confection rue, 403. Extract stramonium, 444. Purified oil amber, 447. Artificial musk, 447. Eau de Luce, 448. Compound powder of tobacco, 452. Balsam amber, 448. Infusion linden, 458. Valerian, 463. Oxide zinc, 470. Cyanuret zinc, 472. Spermatorrhea. Compound powder cascarilla, 173. Nux vomica, 328. Mixture acetate lead, 358. Spina Ventosa. Bath sulphuret potass., 371. Spleen, Diseases of. Celandine, 181. Solution hydrargyro-iodide potass., 368. Tartrate of magnesia, 308. Sprains. Lotion sal-ammoniac, 108. Compound spirit of nutmeg, 325. Liniment opium, 339. Aromatic vinegar, 78. Stomach, Affections of. Oxide of silver, 126. Subnitrate of bismuth, 148. Cayenne pepper pills, 167. Chlorine mixture, 183. Tincture chloride iron, 233. Mixture tincture guaiacum, 259. Aromatic plaster, 477. Compound powder sulphate quinia, 390. Mixture sulphuret carbon, 451. Strangury. Clyster laudanum, 344. Infusion parsley, 349. Mixture nitrate potassa, 380. Sweating, Profuse. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Agaric, 149. Acetate lead, 356. Mixture acetate lead, 358. Syphilis. Mixture nitric acid, 85. Sulphuretted hydrosulphate ammonia, 108. Chloride silver, 125. Cyanuret silver, 125. Orpiment, 130. Preparations gold, 136-139. Compound powder anthracokali, 169. Hemlock and calomel, 202. Anthracokali, 169. Bittersweet, 221. Liniment of laudanum and lime water, 344. Sarsaparilla, 413-16. Syrup of Laffecteur, 415. Koechlin's drops, 214. Mercury and its preparations, 264-280. Opiated acetate mercury, 268, 338. Bichloride platinum, 355. Chloroplatinate soda, 356. Mixture biniodide potass., 368. Compound tincture carbonate potassa, 377. Chloride quinia and mercury, 389. Zittinan's decoction, 414. Acetate of strychnia, 447. 
Tapeworm. Chloride barium, 142. Kousso, 149. Male fern, 244. Powder of hqdge hyssop, 257. Compound powder gamboge, 249. Decoction pomegranate root, 256. Anthelmintic emulsion, 332. Mixture petroleum, 349. Compound powder cevadilla, 404. Oxide tin, 443. Teeth. Diseases of. Electuary of alumina, 99. Alum and ether, 100. Vicat's mixture, 107. Chloride lime, 154. Cantharides plaster, 166. Tincture of Cayenne pepper. 16" 7 . Oil cloves, 172. Plaster castor, 175. Chlorine oil, 183. 


585 
TESTICLE, ENGORGED —ULCERS. 
1 
/ 
Hemlock collutory, 202. Solution creasote, 208. Compound oil guaiacum, 257. Mixture guaiacum, 258-259. Mastich paste, 313. Turpentine lotion, 332. Anti-odontalgic mass, 313, 338. Balsam and drops for toothache, 339. Odontalgic drops, 342. Pellitory and preparations, 385. Willow bark, 408. Testicle, Engorged. Compound mercurial ointment, 2Q7. Ointment iodide potassium, 365. Tetanus. Extract and mixture of hemp, 162-163. Mixture Dippel's animal oil, 329. Opium and cinnamon water, 341. Solution caustic potassa, 372. Throat, Affections of. Nitrate silver, 127. Cayenne pepper gargle, 167. jlargle Peruvian bark, 190. Liniment verdigris, 213. Gargle ammoniated copper, 214. Gargle figs, 243. Gargle galls, 248. Gargle pomegranate rind, 256. Muriate manganese, 310. Gargle myrrh, 326. Gargle nitrate potassa, 380. Gargle sulphate quinia, 392. Gargle sage, 408. Vinegar sage, 408. Vinegar elder flowers, 408. Opodeldoc, 411. Sulphate of zinc, 474. Vinegar gargle, 78. Alum gargle, 101. Cinnamon gargle, 193. Gargle of persimmon, 220. Gargle of cyanuret of mercury, 274. Tinea Capitis. Lotion hydrocyanic acid, 83. Ammoniacal liniment, 104. Sulphuret antimony, 120. Ointment azedarach, 140. Liniment chloride lime, 155. Picrotoxin, 194. Compound soot ointment, 246. Ointment calomel and alum, 273. Ointment poke, 351. Ointment black pepper, 352. Tar ointment, 355. Oiutment black pitch, 355. Ointment bromide potass., 362. Compound lotion sulphuret potass., 370. Ointment sulphuret potass., 371. Compound ointment common salt, 432. Lotion sulphuret sodium, 432. Ointment carbonate soda, 435. Compound sulphur ointment, 450. Ointment sulphur aud zinc, 451. Sulphuret carbon, 451. Tonsils Inflamed, &c. Gargle alum, 100. Gargle iodine, 285. Ointment iodine, 285. Iodide of zinc, 473. Tenesmus. Clyster, laudanum, 344. Pills rhubarb and ipecacuanha, 395. Trismus. Musk mixture, 324. Tumors and Swellings. Lotion of sulphuric ether, 92. Hydriodate of ammonia, 108. Ammoniac plaster, 112. Ointment of chlorinated lime, 155. Plaster of ammoniac and mercury, 112. Gum plaster, 112. Ammoniacal liniment and tartar emetic, 123. Liniment of cantharides and camphor, 165. Hemlock plaster, 202. Hop cataplasm, 264. Camphorated mercurial ointment, 267. Compound mercurial liniment, 267. Pills of calomel and antimony, 273. Decoction of poppy heads, 347. Cataplasm of subacetate of lead, 357. Ointment of iodide potassium and morphia, 366. Opodeldoc, 411. Soap liniment, 411. Ointment of squill, 422. Stramonium ointment, 445. Ointment of iodide of zinc, 472. 
Ulcers. Nitric acid, 85. Sulphate alumina, 99. Burnt alum, 100. Anglo- Saxon ointment, 102. Ointment oxide silver, 126. Ointment, nitrate silver, 127. Chloride lime, 154. Ointment charcoal, 169. Charcoal cataplasm, 169. Chlorine liniment, 183. Peruvian bark and camphor, 186. Cerate and cataplasm Peruvian bark, 190. Hemlock infusion aud ointment, 202. Verdigris lotion, 213. Metz's balsam, 213. Egyptian ointment, 213. Ammoniated copper, 214. Ointment ammoniated copper, 214. Ointment sulphate copper, 216. Ointment foxglove, 219. Ointment soot, 246. Ointment galls, 249. Compound oil guaiacum, 257. Ointment red oxide mercury, 277. Lotion henbane, 282. Infusion cherry-laurel, 298. CerOmel, 315. Mezereon ointment, 318. Ointment monesia, 319. Bob of mulberries, 319. Tincture balsam Peru, 141. Ointment balsam Peru, 142. Plaster balsam Peru, 142. Cod liver oil, 330. Ointment bichloride platinum, 355. Lotion acetate lead, 357. Goulard's lotion, 357. Ointment subacetate lead, 358. Compound powder carbonate lead, 358. Ointment carbonate lead, 358. Solution iodide potass., 364. Ointment biniodide potass., 368. Saviard's lotion, 372. Solution chlorate potassa, 378. Besin cerate, 393. Wine roses, 401. Ointment willow leaves, 408. Balsam sulphur, 450. Turpentine liniment, 457. Turpentine plaster, 457. Cataplasm slippery 


586 
ULCERS VENEREAL —WORMS. 
elm, 462. Lotion chloride zinc, 471. Plaster carbonate zinc, 474. Acetic acid cataplasm, 78. Pyroligneous acid cataplasm, 79. Sulphuric acid, 87. Ointment of cyanuret of silver, 126. Calamine cerate, 153. Carrot cataplasm, 171. Copaiba, 205. Creasote lotion, 209. Ointment of elemi, 223. Oil of soot, 246. Lotion of corrosive sublimate, 270. Yellow wash, 270. Lotion of biniodide of mercury, 276. Cerate of red sulphuret of mercury, 280. Mixture of iodine, 285. Arquebusade water, 317. Tincture of opoponax, 345. Chlorinated soda, 437. Ointment tobacco, 453. Ulcers Venereal. Mercurial cerate and liniment, 267. Lotion corrosive sublimate, 270. Yellow wash, 270. Ointment cyanuret mercury, 274. Ointment red iodide mercury, 276. Black wash, 277. Compound tincture opoponax, 345. Ointment biniodide potass, and opium, 368. Urethritis. Injection kino, 293. Injection subacetate lead and lime water, 358 Pills nitrate potassa, 379. Chloride of zinc, 471. Detersive injection, 97. Ergot injection, 224. Opium and sulphate of zinc, 338. Urinary Organs, Affections of. Pipsissewa, 182. Buchu, 151. Clyster laudanum, 340. Pareira brava, 348. Embrocation petroleum, 349. Extract dandelion, 455. Turpentine pills, 456. Pills turpentine and magnesia, 456. Compound powder uva ursi, 462. Urine, Incontinence of. Chloride gold and sodium, 138. Compound pills nux vomica, 328. Powder iodide sulphur, 452. Urine, Betention of. Sal-ammoniac, 108. Uterus, Diseases of. Alum, 101, 102. Animal charcoal, 168. Chlorine injection, 183. Syrup ergot, 224. Injection rhatany, 294. Ointment acetate morphia, 321. Mixture wine opium, 342. Belladonna ointment, 146. Uvula, Relaxation of. Gargle galls, 248. Gargle oak bark, 387. Gargle sage, 408. 
Vagina, Diseases of. Injection copaiba, 205. Lotion of morphia and borax, 323. Injection opium, 340. Suppository chloride zinc, 471. Vermin, To Destroy. Ointment cocculus indicus, 194. Ointment fennel, 245. Ointment cevadilla, 404. Capuchin powder, 404. Vinegar stavesacre, 443. Ointment stavesacre, 443. Compound mercurial ointment, 267. Vertigo. Bolus castor, 174. Vomiting, To Check. Mixture catechu, 177. Compound pills columbo, 200. Mixture columbo, 200. Creasote mixture, 209. Clyster laudanum, 344. Aromatic plaster, 353. Anti-emetic mixture, 436. Carbonate potassa, 376. Vomiting, Spasmodic. Mercurial mixture, 266. Mixture ipecacuanha, 288. Compound pills of columbo, 200. 
Warts. Escharotic powder alum, 100. Ointment chloride antimony, 119. Verdigris ointment, 213. Verdigris plaster, 213. Corrosive sublimate and copper, 269. Savine and verdigris, 405. Savine ointment, 405. . Weakness of Back. Lotion Peruvian bark, 190. Iron plaster, 231. Plaster red oxide iron, 239. 
White Swelling. Ointment nitrate silver, 127. Chloride calcium, 154. Worms. Tincture and wine wormwood, 75. Ointment aloes, 98. Semen contra, 130. Santonine, 130. Assafetida and iron, 133. Azedarach, 140. Wormseed, 181. Cochineal and common salt, 194. Mixture copaiba, 205. Male fern, 244. Cabbage-tree bark, 253. Mercurial mucilage, 265. Calomel and gamboge, 271. Calomel and jalap, 271. Black sulphuret mercury, 279. Cowhage, 324. Dippel's animal oil, 329. Mixture olive oil, 330. Anthelmintic emulsion, 331. Castor oil and ether, 332. Emulsion opoponax, 345. Savine and pinkroot, 407. Anthelmintic emulsion, 427. Pinkroot, 440-41. Powder . tin, 442. Sulphuret tin, 443. Tansy, 454. Turpentine and jalap, 456. Tincture and wine of wormwood, 75. Powder of sulphate of iron, 240. Decoction of pomegranate, 256. Calomel and pinkroot, 272. Vermifuge sugar, 406. 


INDEX OP PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 
Abies canadensis, 354 excelsa, 353 picea, 353 Abietis resina, 353 Absinthium, 75 Acacia, 76 arabica, 76 catechu, 175 Senegal, 76 vera, 76 Acetosella, 77 Acetum, 77 Acidum aeeticum, 78 empyreumaticum, 79 camphoratum, 79 arseniosum, 79 benzoicum, 80 boracicum, 81 carbonicum, 81 citricum, 81 gallicum, 82 hydrocyanicum, 82 hydriodicum, 83 hydrosulphuricum, 83 lacticum, 84 muriaticum, 84 nitricum, 85 nitro-muriaticum, 86 oxalicum, 86 phosphoricum, 86 sulphuricum, 86 tannicum, 87 tartaricum, 88 valerianicum, 88, 465 Aconitia, 90 Aconitum, 88 napellus, 88 Acorus calamus, 153 Adiantum, 90 capillus veneris, 90 pedatum, 90 iRsculus hippocastanum, 262 aceticus, 91 hydrocyanicus, 92 hyponitrosus, 91 muriaticus, 92 sulphuricus, 92 terebinthinatus, 93 Agatbotes chirayta, 182 Aletris, 93 farinosa, 93 Allium, 93 sativum, 93 Aloe, 93 socotrina, 93 
Aloe spicata, 93 vulgaris, 93 Althaea, 98 officinalis, 98 Alumina, 99 Aluminao acetas, 99 sulphas, 99 Alumen, 100 Ammonia, 103 Ammonias acetas, 104 arsebias, 105 carbonas, 105 bicarbonas, 107 citras, 107 hydriodas, 107 hydrosulphas, 108 murias, 108 nitras, 109 phosphas, 109 succinas, 109 sulphas, 110 Ammoniacum, 110 Amygdala, 112 a in lira, 112 dulcis, 112 Amygdalus communis, 112 Amylum, 115 Amyli iodidum, 116 Anacyclus pyretbrum, 385 Anamirta cocculus, 194 Anemone, 116 pratensis, 116 Pulsatilla, 116 Angelica, 116 atropurpurea, 116 officinalis, 116 Angustura, 117 Anisum, 117 Anthemis, 118 nobilis, 118 cotula, 208 Anthracokali, 169 Antimonialis pulvis, 124 Antimonium, 119 Antimonii chloridum, 119 et potassa? tartras, 122 sulphas, 121 sulpburetum, 120 Apis mellifica, 314 Apocynum, 124 androsaemifoliuin, 124 cannabinum, 124 Aralia nudicaulis, 125 spinosa, 125 Arctium, 125 
587 


588 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 
Arctium lappa, 125 Arctostaphylos uva ursi, 462 Argentum, 125 Argenti chloridum, 125 cyanuretum, 125 iodidum, 126 oxidum, 126 nitras, 126 Aristolochia hirsuta, 428 reticulata, 428 serpentaria, 428 Armoracia, 127 Arnica, 128 montann, 12" nudicaule, 128 Arsenicum, 129 Ar.senici iodidum, 129 chloridum, 129 et hydrargyri iodidum, 129 tersulphuretum, 130 Artanthe elongata, 313 Artemisia, 130 absinthium, 75 abrotanuni, 130 contra, 130 judaica, 130 moxa, 130 santonica, 130 Arum, 131 triphyllum, 131 Asagrasa officinalis, 404 t Asarum, 131 canadense, 131 europaeum, 131 Asclepias, 131 incarnata, 131 syriaca, 132 'tuberosa, 131 Asparagus, 132 officinalis, 132 Aspidium filix mas, 243 Assafoetida, 132 Astragalus verus, 460 Atropa belladonna, 144 Atropia, 134 Aurantium, 135 Aurantii cortex, 135 flores, 136 folia, 136 Aurum, 136 ammoniatum, 139 stanno-paratum, 139 Auri chloridum, 137 cyanidum, 138 et sodii chloridum, 137 iodidum, 139 oxidum, 139 Avena sativa, 140 Azedarach, 140 
Ballota lanata, 14.. Balsamodendron myrrha, 325 Balsamum Peruvianum, 141 Balsamum tolutanum, 458 Baptisia tinctoria, 142 Barium, 142 Barii chloridum, 142 iodiduin, 143 sulphuretum, 143 Barosma crcnata, 150 serratifolia, 150 Baryta, 143 Baryta) acetas, 143 Bebeerina, 144 Beccabunga, 144 
Belladonna, 144 Benzoinum, 146 Berberis, 148 vulgaris, 148 Bismuthum, 148 Bismuthi eubnitras, 148 Bistorta, 148 Boletus laricis, 149 Brayera anthelmintica, 149 Brominium, 149 Brucia, 149 Brucise acetas, 150 murias, 15C sulphas, Ibt Bryonia, 150 alba, 150 dioica, 150 Buchu, 150 Buxus, 151 sempervirens, 151 
Cacao, 151 Cadmium, 152 Cadmii sulphas, 152 Cahinca, 153 Calamus, 153 Calamina, 153 Calcis carbonas, 156 phosphas, 157 Calcii chloridum, 154 iodidum, 155 oxidum, 155 sulphuretum, 155 Calcium, 154 Calendula, 158 officinalis, 158 Calotropis, 158 gigantea, 158 Calx, 155 chlorinata, 154 Camphora, 159 officinarum, 159 Canella, 162 alba, 162 Cannabis, 162 sativa, 162 Cantharis, 163 vesicatoria, 163 Capsicum, 167 annuurn, 167 baccatum, 167 frutescens, 167 Carbo animalis, 168 figni, 168 mineralis, 169 Carbonis iodidum, 170 sulphuretum, 451 Cardamine, 170 pratensis, 170 Cardamomum, 170 Carota, 171 Carthamus, 171 tinctorius, 171 Carum, 171 carui, 171 Caryophyllus, 172 aromaticus, 17] Cascarilla, 173 Cassia acutifolia, 424 elongata, 424 fistula, 173 marilandica, 174 obovata, 424 Castor fiber, 174 Castoreum, 174 


589 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 
Catalpa, 175 cordifolia, 175 Cataria, 175 Catechu, 175 Ceanotbus, 177 americanus, 177 Centaurea benedicta, 177 Centaurium, 178 Cephaelis ipecacuanha, 286 Cera, 178 flava, 178 alba, 178 Cerasus serotina, 384 Cetaceum, 179 Cetraria, 180 Chavica officinarum, 352 Chelidonium, 181 majus, 181 Chenopodium, 181 anthelmintioum, 181 Chimaphila, 131 umbellata, 181 Chiococca anguifuga* 153 Chiretta, 182 Chlorinum, 182 Chloriformum, 183 Chondrus, 184 crispus, 184 Chrysophyllum, 319 Chicorium, 184 intybus, 184 Cimicifuga, 185 racemosa, 185 Cinchona, 185 calisaya, 185 condaminea, 185 micrantha, 185 Cinchonia, 191 Cinnamomum, 192 aromaticum, 192 zeylanicum, 192 Ciasampelos pareira, 348 Citrullus colocynthis, 198 Citrus aurantium, 135 limonum, 300 Cocculus indicus, 194 palmatus, 200 Coccus, 194 Cochlearia, 194 armoracia, 127 officinalis, 194 Codeia, 195 Coffea, 195 arabica, 195 Colchicum, 196 autumnale, 196 Collinsonia, 198 canadensis, 198 Collodium, 255 Colooynthis, 198 Colomba, 200 Colophony, 393 Comptonia, 201 Conium, 201 maculatum, 201 Contrayerva, 203 Convolvulus panduratus, 204 scammonia, 416 Copaiba, 204 Copaifera officinalis, 204 Coptis, 206 trifolia, 206 Coriandrum, 206 sativum, 206 Cornu, 207 
Cornus, 207 circinata, 207 florida, 207 sericea, 207 Cotula, 208 Creasotum, 208 Greta praeparata, 156 Crocus, 209 sativus, 209 Croton eleutheria, 173 lacciferum, 296 tiglium, 333 Cubeba, 210 Cucumis, 212 sativus, 212 Cuminum cyminum, 216 Cunila, 212 mariana, 212 Cuprum, 212 ammoniatum, 214 Cupri acetas, 212 subacetas praeparatum, 21 1 murias, 213 sulphas, 215 Cydonium, 216 Cydonia vulgaris, 216 Cyminum, 216 Cytisus scoparius, 422 
Daphne gnidium, 318 mezerehm, 318 Datura stramonium, 444 Daucus carota, 171 Delphinium, 217 consolida, 217 staphisagria, 217, 443 Delphinia, 217 Dianthus, 217 caryophyllus, 217 Digitalis, 217 purpurea, 217 Digitalina, 219 Diosma, 150 Diospyros, 220 virginiana, 220 Diplolepis gallae tinctoria), 2*8 Dirca, 220 palustris, 220 Dorema ammoniacum, 110 Dor3tenia contrayerva, 203 Dracontium, 220 Drimys winteri, 469 Dulcamara, 221 
Ecbalium elaterium, 222 Elaterina, 222 Elaterium, 222 Elemi, 222 Elettaria cardamomum, 170 Emetia, 223 Ergota, 223 Ergotetia arbortifaciens, 223 Erigeron, 225 annuum, 225 canadense, 225 heterophyllum, 225 philadelphicum, 225 strigosum, 225 Eryngium, 225 aquaticum, 225 maritimum, 225 Erythraea centaurium, 178 Eugenia pimenta, 351 Eupatorium, 225 perfoliatum, 225 


590 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 
Eupatorium purpureum, 225 teucrifolium, 225 Euphorbia, 226 corollata, 226 hypericifolia, 226 ' ipecacuanha, 226 lathyris, 226 Euphorbium, 226 Euphrasia, 227 officinalis, 227 
Ferrum, 227 ammoniatum, 229 Ferri acetas, 228 ammonio-tartras, 241 ammonio-citras, 229 arsenias, 229 bromidum, 230 carbonas, 230 carburetum, 237 chloridum, 232 citras, 233 et potassse tartras, 241. ferrocyanuretum, 234 filum, 227 gallas, 234 iodidum, 235 lactas, 237 malas, 237 nitras, 238 oxidum hydratum, 238 nigrum, 238 rubrum, 239 phosphas, 240 pulvis, 227 ramenta, 227 sulphas, 240 sulphuretum, 241 tannas, 243 valerianas, 243 Ferula assafoetida, 132 tingitana, 110 Ficus, 243 carica, 243 Filix mas, 243 Foeniculum, 244 vulgare, 244 Frasera, 245 walteri, 245 Fraxinus ornus, 311 Fuligo, 245 Fuligokali, 246 
Gadus morrhua, 329 Galbanum, 247 officinale, 247 Galipea officinalis, 117 Galium verum, 248 Galla, 248 Gambogia, 249 Gaultheria, 250 procumbens, 250 Gentiana, 250 lutea, 250 Gentianin, 252 Geranium, 252 maculatum, 252 Geoffroya inermis, 252 Geum, 253 rivale, 253 urbanum, 253 virginianum, 253 Gillenia, 253 trifoliata, 253 Btipulacea, 253 
Glycerina, 254 Glycyrrhiza, 254 glabra, 254 Gossypium, 255 herbaceum, 255 Granatum, 256 Gratiola, 257 aurea, 257 officinalis, 257 Guaiacum, 257 officinale, 257 
Hsematoxylon, 259 campechianum, 259 Hamamelis, 260 virginica, 260 Hebradendron, 249 Hedeoma, 260 pulegioides, 260 Helenium, 260 autumnale, 260 Helianthemum, 260 canadense, 260 Helleborus, 260 niger, 260 Helonias officinale, 404 Hemidesmus, 261 indicus, 261 Hepatica, 262 triloba, 262 Heracleum, 262 lanatum, 262 Heuchera, 262 americana, 262 Hippocastanum, 262 Hordeum, 263 distichon, 263 vulgare, 263 Humulus, 263 lupulus, 263, 304 Hydrargyrum, 264 ammoniatum, 268 Hydrargyri acetas, 268 boras, 268 bromidum, 268 chloridum corrosivum, 269 mite, 271 cyanuretum, 274 et quiniaa chloridum, 274 iodidum, 275 rubrum, 275 nitras, 276 oxidum nigrum, 277 rubrum, 277 phosphas, 278 sulphas, 278 sulphuretum nigrum, 279 rubrum, 279 tartras, 280 Hydrastis canadensis, 280 Hyoscyamus, 280 niger, 280 
Ichthyocolla, 282 Illicium anisatum, 118 Indigofera, 283 Indigum, 283 Inula, 283 helenium, 283 Iodinium, 284 Ipecacuanha, 286 Ipomsea jalapa, 289 Iris florentina, 289 
Jalapa, 289 


? 
591 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 
Janipha manihot, 454 Juglans cinerea, 291 Juniperus, 291 communis, 291 sabina, 404 virginiana, 292 
Kino, 292 Kousso, 149 Krameria, 293 triandra, 293 
Lac, 294 Lacca, 296 Lactuca, 296 elongata, 296 Lactucarium, 297 Lappa minor, 125 Lauri baccae, 298 folia, 298 Lauro-cerasus, 298 Laurus, 29S nobilis, 298 sassafras, 416 Lavandula, 299 vera, 299 Limon, 300 Linum, 302 usitatissimum, 302 Liquor arsenici et bydrargyri iodidi, 129 Liriodendron, 303 tulipifera, 303 Lobelia, 303 inflata, 303 Lupulina, 304 
Macis, 305 Magnesia, 305 Magnesia) acetas, 306 carbonas, 306 citras, 307 pbosphas, 30b sulphas, 307 tartras, 308 bi-tartras, 309 Magnesii sulphuretum, 308 Magnesium, 305 Magnolia, 309 glauca, 309 Maltum, 309 Malva, 309 sylvestris, 309 Manganesii carbonas, 309 iodidum, 31** murias, 310 oxidum, 310 phosphas, 311 sulphas, 311 Manganesium, 309 Manna, 311 Mannite, 312 Maranta, 312 arundinacet* 312 Marrubium, 312 vulgare, 312 Maruta cotula, 208 Mastiche, 313 Matico, 313 Matricaria, 314 chamomilla, 314 Mel, 314 Melaleuca cajuputi, 329 Melia azedarach, 141 Melissa, 315 officinalis, 31S 
Mentha piperita, 316 viridis, 316 Menyanthes, 317 trifoliata, 317 Mezereum, 318 w Monarda, 318 punctata, 318 Moncsia, 319 Mora, 319 Morphia, 319 Morphiae acetas, 320 bimeconas, 321 citras, 321 hydriodas, 321 murias, 321 nitras, 322 phosphas, 322 sulphas, 322 tartras, 323 Morus nigra, 319 rubra, 319 Moschus, 323 moschiferus, 323 Mucuna, 324 pruriens, 324 Myristica, 324 moschata, 324 Myrospermum toluiferum, 458 peruiferum, 141 Myrrha, 325 
Naphthalina, 327 Narcotina, 327 Narcotinae murias, 327 Narthex, 132 Nectandra rodoei, 144 Nepeta cataria, 175 Nephrodium filix mas, 243 Nicotiana tabacum, 452 Nux vomica, 327 
Olea europaea, 330 Oleum animale empyreumaticum, 329 cajuputi, 329 jecoris aselli, 329 morrhuae, 329 olivae, 330 ricini, 331 terebinthinae, 332 tiglii, 333 Opium, 335 Opoponax, 345 chironium, 345 Opuntia cochinillifera, 194 Origanum, 345 vulgare, 345 Ornus europaea, 311 Oryza, 345 sativa, 345 Ovum, 346 Oxalis acetosella, 77 
Papaver, 347 rhceas, 399 somnif'erum, 335, 347 Pareira, 348 brava, 348 Paullinia, 348 sorbilis, 348 Petroleum, 349 Petroselinum, 349 sativum, 349 Phloridzina, 350 Phosphorus, 350 I Phytolacca, 350 


592 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES. 
Phytolacca decandra, 350 Physeter macrocephalus, 179 Piers? na excelsa, 386 Pimenta, 351 Pimpinella anisum, 117 Pinus, 332 * palustris, 456 Piper, 351 angustifolium, 313 cubeba, 210 longum, 352 nigrum, 351 Piperinum, 352 Piscidia erytbrina, 353 Pistacia lentiscus, 313 Pix burgundica, 353 canadensis, 354 liquida, 354 nigra, 355 Platini bichloridum, 355 Platinum, 355 Plumbi acetas, 356 carbonas, 358 chloridum, 359 iodidum, 359 oxidum semivitreum, 360 rubrum, 360 saccharas, 361 tannas, 361 Plumbum, 356 Podophyllin, 361 Podophyllum, 361 peltatum, 361 Polygala senega, 423 Pilygonum bistorta, 148 Potassa, 371 i fltassas acetas, 372 arsenitis liquor, 373 arsenias, 374 bicarbonas, 377 blsulphas, 381 bitartras, 382 boras, 374 borotartras, 374 carbonas, 375 ohloras, 378 citras, 378 et ammonias carbonas, 377 * sulphas, 382 tartras, 383 et magnesise sulphas, 382 iodas, 379 nitras, 379 purum, 379 oxahis, 380 silicas, 381 sulphas, 381 sulphas cum sulphure, 382 Potassae tartras, 382 Potassii binu didum, 366 bromidum, 362 chloridum, 362 cyanuretum, 363 hydrargyro-iodidum, 368 iodidum, 364 6upcr-iodidum, 366 sulpho-cyanuretum, 369 sulphuretum, 369 Potassium, 362 Potentilla toruientilla, 459 Prinos, 384 vertieillatus, 384 Prunum, 384 t'runus domestics., 384 lauro-cerasus, 298 
Prunus virginiana, 384 Pterocarpus marsupium, 292 santalinus, 410 Punica granatum, 256 Pyrethrum, 385 
Quassia, 386 amara, 386 excelsa, 386 Quercus, 386 alba, 386 infectoria, 248 pedunculata, 3S6 robur, 386 tinctoria, 386 Quinia, 387 Quinise acetas, 387 arsenias, 387 arsenis, 388 citras, 388 et ferri citras, 388 iodidum, 388 et hydrargyri chloridum, 380 ferrocyanas, 388 hydriodas, 388 iodureta, 389 kinas, 389 lactas, 389 murias, 389 nitras, 390 phosphas, 390 sulphas, 390 sulpho-tartras, 892 tannas, 393 tartras, 393 valerianas, 393 
Resina, 393 Rhamnus, 394 catharticus, 394 Rheum, 394 Rbceas, 399 Rhus toxicodendron, 46? Ricinus communis, 331 Rosa canina, 399 centifolia, 399 gallica, 400 Rosmarinus, 401 officinalis, 401 Rubia, 402 tinctorum, 402 Rubus trivialis, 402 villosus, 402 Rumex, 402 britanica, 402 obtusifolius, 402 Ruta, 403 graveolens, 403 
Sabadilla, 404 Sabbatia, 404 angularis, 404 Sabina, 404 Saccharum, 406 officinarum, 408 Sagapenum, 406 Sago, 407 Salicinum, 407 Saliz, 407 alba, 407 Salvia, 408 officinalis, 408 Sambucus, 408 canadensis, 408 nigra, 408 Sangninaria, 409 canadensis, 4#t 


593 
INDEX OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BOTANICAL NAMES 
Santalum, 410 Sapo, 410 durus, 410 mollis, 410 vulgaris, 410 Sarsaparilla, 413 Sassafras, 416 officinale, 416 Scammonium, 416 Scilla, 418 maritima, 418 Scoparius, 422 Scrophularia nodosa, 423 Senega, 423 Senna, 424 Serpentaria, 428 Sesamum, 429 indicum, 429 orientate, 429 Simaruba, 429 officinalis, 429 Sinapis, 430 alba, 430 nigra, 430 Smilax, 413 Soda, 432 Soda? acetas, 433 arsenias, 433 boras, 433 carbonas, 434 bicarbonas, 436 chloras, 436 chlorinata, 437 nitras, 438 et potassa? tartras, 439 hyposulphis, 437 murias, 431 phosphas, 438 sulphas, 438 bisulphas, 439 valerianas, 440 Sedium-j 431 Sodii brrir.iJum, 431 chloridum, 431 chloro-platinas, 356 sulphuretum, 432 Solanum dulcamara, 221 Spigelia, 440 marilandica, 440 Spiraea, 441 tomentosa, 441 Spongia, 442 Stanni chloridum, 442 oxidum, 443 sulphuretum, 443 Stannum, 442 Staphisagria, 443 Statice, 443 caroliniana, 443 Stramonium, 444 Strychnia, 445 Strychnia? acetas, 446 iodas, 447 murias, 447 nitras, 447 sulphas, 447 Strychnos nux vomica, 327 Sty rax, 445 
38 
Styrax benzoin, 146 officinale, 445 Succinum, 447 Sulphur, 448 Sulphuris carbuTetum, 451 iodidum, 452 Symplocarpus foetidus, 220 
Tabacum, 452 Tamarindus, 453 indica, 45 Tanacetum, 454 vulgare, 454 Tapioca, 454 Taraxacum, 454 dens leonis, 454 Terebinthina, 456 Testa praeparata, 156 Theobroma cacao, 151 Tilia Europaea, 457 Tolutanum balsamum, 458 Tormentilla, 459 Toxicodendron, 460 Tragacantha, 460 Triosteum, 461 perfoliatum, 461 Tussilago, 461 farfara, 461 
Ulmus campestris, 461 fulva, 462 Uva ursi, 462 
Valeriana, 463 officinalis, 463 Vanilla, 465 aromatica, 465 Veratria, 466 Veratria? murias, 467 nitras, 467 sulphas, 467 Veratrum album, 467 sabadilla, 404 viride, 468 Veronica anagallis, 144 beccabunga, 144 Viola, 468 odorata, 468 pedata, 468 
Wintera, 469 
Xanthorrhiza, 469 apiifolia, 469 Xanthoxylum, 469 fraxineum, 469 
Zincum, 470 Zinci acetas, 473 carbonas, 473 chloridum, 471 cyanuretum, 472 ferro-cyanuretum, 472 iodidum, 472 oxidum, 470 sulphas, 474 valerianas, 475 Zingiber, 475 officinale, 475 




CfENEEAL index. 
A 
Abbreviations in pharmaceutical formula?, 43 Acetate of alumina, 99 ammonia, 104 baryta, 143 brucia, 150 copper, 212 . iron, 228 lead, 356 magnesia, 306 mercury, 268 morphia, 320 potassa, 372 quinia, 387 soda, 433 strychnia, 446 zinc, 473 Acetic acid, 78-553 cataplasm, 78 clyster, 79 diluted, 78 Acetic ether, 91 Acetic infusion of cantharides, 164 Acid, acetic, 78-553 camphorated, 79 arsenious, 79-553 benzoic, 80 boracic, 81-554 carbonic, 81-554-560 citric, 81-555 gallic, 82 hydriodic, 83 hydrocyanic, 82-555 hydrosulphuric, 83 lactic, 84 muriatic, 84-555 nitric, 85-556 nitro-muriatic, 86 oxalic, 86-556 phosphoric, 86 polygalic, 424 pyroligneous, 79 sulphuric, 86-556 tannic, 87 tartaric, 88-557 valerianic, 88-465 Acids, 64 Aconite, 88 extract, 89 alcoholic, 89 ammoniated, 90 pills of, 89 liniment, 89 . mixture, 90 ointment, 89 ammoniated, 90 plaster, 89 powder, compound, 89 saccharated powder, 406 — tincture of leaves, 89 
Aconite, Fleming's tincture, 47T tincture of root, 89 wine, compound, 89 Aconitine, 90 lotion, 90 ointment, 90 Acorn coffee, 387 Acoustic balsam, 141-477 Adhesive plaster, 394 Baynton's, 360 Administration of medicines, 58 Aerometers, 30 Affusion, 539 Agaric, white, 149 pills, with opium, 149 powder, 149 with opium, 149 Air in convalescence, 74 Alcohol, 557 ammoniated, 106 aromatic, 106 mixture, 107 Vicat's anodyne, 107 anisated, ammoniated, 107 : lotion, 107 mixture, 107 Algaroth, powder of, 119 Alkaloids, 533-568 Allspice, 351 bolus, 351 essence, 351 spirit, 351 tincture, 351 water, 351 Almonds, 112 bandoline, 115 bitter, 112 butter, 112 clyster, emollient, 114 cold cream, 114 confection, 113 cream, 114 emulsion, 113-114 aromatic, 114 jelly, 487 linctus, green, 114 white, 115 ¦ liniment, cosmetic, 115 Lockstadt's pills, 115 lotion, compound, 113 Goulard's, 114 Macassar oil, 115 milk anodyne, 113 artificial, 113 of roses, 113 mixtures, 115 oil, 114 of bitter, 114 paste, 112 
595 


596 
GENERAL 
INDEX. 
Almond powder, 112 , ¦ — soap, 4-10 . — sweet, 112 syrup of orgeat, 113 . water of bitter, 114 , diuretic, 114 Aloes, 93 clyster, 97 decoction, compound, 97 —— electuary, 96 • elixir, Boerhaave's, 98 Clauder's, 97 Garus's, 93 Stoughton's, 98 injection, 97 mixture, 97 alkaline, 97 ointment, 98 pills, 94 > Anderson's, 95 antichlorotic, 96 aperient, 96 and rhubarb, 96 Barthez's, 96 Bicker's, 96 ¦ Chapman's, 94 compound, 94 Duchesne's, 96 Frank's, 96 Fuller's, 95 Griffith's, 96 ¦ Hooper's, 95 James's, 95 Lady Webster's, 95 Mitchell's, 95 i Morrison's, 95 - Peter's, 95 Pittschaft's, 96 Speediman's, 95 . ¦ splenetic, 95 Wbytt's, 96 • with assafetida, 94 blue mass, 96 iron, 94 ' myrrh, 94 powder, 94 and canella, 94, 162 compound, 94 emmenagogue, 94 suppository, 97 tincture, 97 and myrrh, 98 ethereal, 98 wine, 97 alkaline, 97 balsamic, 97 Alum, 100 saccharine, 100 bolus, 100 burnt, 100 collyrium, 101 curd, 101 draught, 102 electuary, 101 errhine, 100 gargle, 100, 101 injection, 101, 102 julep, 102 liniment, 102 . lotion, 102 ointment, 102 ¦ Anglo-Saxon, 102 . chilblain, 102 pile, 103 Rust's, 102 
Alum, pills, 100 with benzoic acid, 101 powder, 100 root, 262 solution, 101 odontalgic, 100 whey, 102, 295 aromatic, 102, 295 Alumina, 99 hydrate, 99 acetate, 99 astringent, Rust's, 99 electuary, 99 sulphate, 99 wash, detergent, 99 Amber, 447 artificial musk, 447 emulsion, 448 tincture, 448 balsam, 448 eau de luce, 448 liniment, 448 mixture of oil, 448 oil, 447 rectified, 447 powder, fumigating, 447 tincture, 448 alkaline, 448 ethereal, 448 varnish, 486 American centaury, 404 extBact,.404 infusion, 404 tincture, 404 columbo, 245 infusion, 245 tincture, 245 hellebore, 468 ¦ extract, 468 mixture, 468 ointment, 468 pills, 468 tincture, 468 wine, 468 senna, 174 infusion, 174 Ammonia, 103, 558 gargle, 103 Granville's lotion, 103 injection, 103 liniment, 103 terebinthinate, 104 compound, 103 sulphuretted, 104 lotion, 104 mixture, 103 and ether, 103 and muriate copper, 214 opodeldoc, 104 Steer's, 104 plaster, 104 solution, 103 spirit, 104 aromatic, 104 fetid, 104 sinapism, 103 water, 103 acetate, 104 cataplasm, 105 collyrium, 105 gargle, 105 mixture, 105 solution, 104 arseniate, 105 solution, 105 


597 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Ammonia carbonate, 105 • aromatic, 105 draught, 106 with ginger, 106 drops, 106 liniment, 106 mixture, 106 ointment, 106 —• Gondret's, 106 pills, 106 plaster, 106 potion, 105 —> tincture, compound, 106 bicarbonate, 107 ¦¦ chloride, and silver, 125 pills of, 125 citrate, 107 solution, 107 bydriodate, 107 ointment, 108 bydrosulphate, 108 liniment, 108 sulphuretted, 108 syrup, 108 muriate, 108 bolus, 108 cataplasm, 109 collutory, 109 draught, 109 emulsion, 109 fomentation, 108 liniment, 109 lotion, 108 powder, 108 ¦ wash, 109 nitrate, 109 mixture, 109 1 phosphate, 109 solution, 109 succinate, 109 impure, 110 liniment, 110 mixture, 110 spirit, 110 with ether, 110 succinic acid, 110 sulphate, 110 Ammoniac, 110 ¦ mixture, 110 compound, 111 with nitric acid, 111 pills.110 compound, 111 De Haen's, 111 Klein's, 111 with rhubarb, 111 plaster,112 gum, 112 with hemlock, 112 mercury, 112 Ammoniated alcohol, 106 anisated, 107 lotion, 107 mixture, 107 aromatic, 106 mixture, 107 Vicat's, 107 . gold, 139 pills, 139 iron, 229 bolus, 229 mixture, 229 pills, 229 powder, 229 tincture, 229 
Ammonio-citrate of iron, 229 tartrate of iron, 242 solution, 243 Amorphous quinine, 387 Anatomical injections, 477 preservative, 477 ZZZ arterial and venous, 478 Anderson's pills, 95 Anemone, 116 collyrium, 116 extract, 116 pills, 116 water, 116 Angelica, 116 conserve, 117 essence, 117 errhine mixture, 117 tincture, 117 compound, 117 tree, 125 water, 117 Angustura, 117 electuary, 117 infusion, 117 mixture, 117 tincture, 117 Animal charcoal, 168 fats, 533 oil, (Dippel's) 329 Aniseed, 117 essence, 118 lozenges, 118 mixture, 118 oil, 118 spirit, 118 tincture, 118 water, 118 Antacids, 64 Anthelmintic purgative, 272 Anthelmintics, 65 Anthracokali, 169 powder, 169 compound, 169 sulphuretted, 170 Antibilious pills, 199 Antidote general, 553 Anti-dysenteric opiate, 339 • Antilithics, 64 Antimonial ethiops, 264 powder, 124 James's, 124 pills, with calomel, 124 wine, 123 Antimony, 119, 558 chloride, 119 solution, 119 nitro-muriatic oxide, 119 chloride ointment, 119 sulphuret, 120 golden, 121 powder, 121 Kermes mineral, 12C emulsion, 121 ' lozenges, 120 mixture, 121 Kermesine powder, 120 compound, 120 lozenges, 120 mixture, 121 with lime, 121 pills, 121 plaster, 121 ointment, 120 pills, 120 precipitated, 120 


598 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Antimony sulphate, 121 tartrate and potassa, 122-558 Anti-odontalgic mass, 338 paste, 313 Antispasmodics, 64 Apothecaries' measure, 24 weight, 20 Apple water, 489 Approximative measures, 25 Aqua fortis, 85-556 Arnica, 128 decoction, 128 extract, 128 fomentation, 128, 129 infusion, 128 compound, 128 powder, 128 ¦ — compound, 128 tincture, 129 Aromatic bath, 401 soap, 410 vinegar, 78-401 Arrowroot, 312 beef tea, 312 milk, 312 pudding, 312 vanilla, 465 water, 312 Arsoniatc of ammonia, 105 < iron, 229 potassa, 374 quinia, 387 soda, 433 solution, 433 Arsenic, 79-129-553 chloride, 129 solution, 129 iodide, 129 ointment, 129 . pills, 129 solution with mercury, 129 draught, 129 tersulphuret, 130 Arsenical solution, 373 soap, 411 Arsenious acid, 79-553 •« cerate, 80 ointment, 80 — pills, 80 with opium, 80 pepper, 80 powder, 80 . . compound, 80 
Arsenious acid solution, 80 Arsenite of potassa, solution, 373 of quinia, 388 Arteriotomy, 550 Artificial asses' milk, 491 milk, 113 musk, 447 sulphuretted water, 83 Asarabacca, 131 • powder, compound, 131 Asparagus, 132 decoction of roots, 132 extract of roots, 132 of shoots, 132 mixture, 132 syrup of shoots, 132 Assafetida, 132 Desvees's carminative, 134 enema, 134 mixture, 133 compound, 134 with oxymel squill, 133 tolu, 133 pills, 132 with aloes, 134 iron, 132 lactucarium, 132 ¦ musk, 133 * opium, 133 plaster, 134 syrup, 133 tincture, 133 alkaline, 134 ammoniated, 134 1 and castor, i34 and soot, 134 Asses' milk, artificial, 491 Atropine, 134 solution, 135 syrup, 135 tincture, 135 sulphate, 135 Aurum musivum, 443 Avens, 253 mixture, 253 powder, compound, 253 water-, 253 decoction, 253 white, 253 Avoirdupois weight, 17 Azedarach, 140 — decoction, 140 ointment, 140 
B 
Balm, 315 infusion, 315 spirit, compound, 315 tea, 315 water, 315 antihysteric, 316 Balsam acoustic, 141, 477 amber, 448 cloves, aromatic, 172 Goulard's, 358 Locatelli's, 142 Metz's, 213 nervine, 305 of Peru, 141 collutory, 141 liniment, 141 lotion mamillary, 141 
Balsam of Peru, mixture, 141 ointment, 142 compound, 142 pills, 141 plaster, 142 syrup, 141 tincture, 141 of tolu, 458 soap, camphorated acetic, 412 sulphur, 450 ethereal, 450 terebinthinated, 450 toothache, 339 Turlington's, 147 Bandoline, 115, 216, 332 Banyer's ointment, 360 Barberry, 148 


599 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Barberry infusion, 148 - lemonade, 148 Barium, 142 chloride, 142 collyrium, 143 . mixture, 143 pills, 142 powders, 142 solution, 142 -— iodide, 143 ointment, 143 powder, 143 sulphuret, 143 Barley, 263 decoction, 263 compound, 263 with nitrate of potassa, 263 meal, 263 • sugar, 263 mixture, 490 Barlow's lotion, 370 Barytes, 143, 559 liniment, 143 solution, 143 acetate solution, 143 Basilicon ointment, 393 Bateman's drops, 343 Baths, 535 Bath, aromatic, 401 cold, 535 common salt and gelatine, 431 cool, 536 — ' douche, 538 foot, 537 . hip, 537 hot, 537 hydrosulphuretted, 83 hyposulphite soda, 438 iodide of iron, 237 iodine, 284 ioduretted, 367 local, 537 medicated, 539 muriatic acid, 84 nitro-muriatio acid, 86 shower, 537 sulphuret of potassium, 371 sodium, 431 temperate, 536 tepid, 536 vapor, 538 warm, 536 air, 538 Baume's hydrometer, 31 table of agreement with sp. gr., 35 Bay-tree, 298 Baynton's plaster, 360 Bearberry, 462 Bebeerine, 144 pills of sulphate, 144 • solution of sulphate, 144 Beconi's soap, 411 Beef essence, 488 tea, 488 arrowroot, 312 Beef marrow soap, 410 Beer, ginger, 476, 490 molasses, 490 Peruvian bark, 191 pipsissewa, 182 — sarsaparilla, 416 spruce, 490 tar, 354 Beer's divine stone, 213 
Belladonna, 144 clyster, 146 extract, 145 alcoholic, 145 solution, 145 fumigation, 145 1 infusion, 145 liniment, 146 mixture, 146 ointment, 146 opiated, 145 pills, compound, 145 and camphor, 145 plaster, 146 powder, 144 and rhubarb, 145 saocharated, 406 syrup, 146 Gillet's, 146 tincture, 146 ethereal, 146 Blackett's, 479 Benne, 429 infusion, 429 oil, 429 Benzoic acid, 80 and copaiba mixture, 80 and ipecacuanha powder, 80 mixture, 81 Benzoin, 446 balsam, Turlington's, 147 emulsion, 147 lard, benzoated, 146 lotion, 147 milk of roses, 147 oil, 147 pastilles, fumigating, 147 powder, 147 fumigating, 147 tincture, 147 compound, 147 wash, 147 Bestucheffe's tincture, 233 Bibromide of mercury, 269 Bicarbonate of ammonia, 107 of potassa, 377 of soda, 436 Bichloride of platinum, 355 Bichromate of potassa, 561 Bimeconate of morphia, 321 Biniodide of potassium, 366 of quinia, 388 Biscuit jelly, 487 Bismuth, 148-559 subnitrate, 148 ointment, 148 pills, 148 powder, compound, 148 Bistort, 148 clyster, astringent, 148 extract, 149 infusion, 148 mixture, 149 Bisulphate of potassa, 381 soda, 439 and magnesia, 439 Bitartrate of magnesia, 309 of potassa, 382 Bitter almonds, 112 Bittersweet, 221 decoction, 221 compound, 221 extract, 221 pills, 221 Bittersweet mixture, 221 


600 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Bittersweet mixture and antimonial wine, 124 syrup, 221 Black alder, 384 decoction, 384 drop, 341 —. Guy's Hospital, 341 Houlton's, 341 Lancaster, 341 Porter's, 341 Rousseau's, 341 draught, 426 hellebore, 260 extract, 261 vino-alcoholic, 261 pills, 261 ointment, 261 pills, compound, 261 tincture, 261 mixture, 261 wine, compound, 261 ink, 483 oak, 3S6 oxide of iron, 238 manganese, 310 mercury, 277 pepper, 351 cataplasm, 352 confection, 352* r- electuary, 352 fluid extract, 352 oil, resinous, 352 volatile, 352 ointment, 352 plaster, 352 Ward's paste, 352 ¦ pitch, 355 ointment, 355 pills, 355 plaster, 355 ¦ purslane, 226 infusion, 226 snakeroot, 185 decoction, 185 extract, 479 fluid, 479 tincture, 185 sulphuret of mercury, 279 wash, 277 Blackberry, 402 decoction, 402 syrup, 403 Blackett's tincture belladonna, 479 Blacking, 479 for grates, 479 Blancmange isinglass, 491 rice, 491 Blessed thistle, 177 infusion, 177 wine, 177 Blistering cloth, cantharides, 167 court plaster, 166 Blisters, 70 Blood-letting, 547 ¦ general, 548 topical, 550 Bloodroot, 409 infusion, 409 pills, 409 syrup, 409 tincture, 409 compound, 409 Blue ink, 483 pills, 266 and colocynth, 266 jalap, 266 and quinine, 266 
Blue pills and rhubarb, 266 Boiled flour, 488 Bolus, 515 acetate of morphia, 320 potassa, 372 allspice, 351 alum, 100 ammoniated iron, 229 burnt sponge, 442 castor, 174 catechu, 176 — chloride of gold, 137 cinchonia, 192 copaiba, 204 croton oil, 333 foxglove, 218 ipecacuanha, 287 iron, metallic, 228 male fern, 244 muriate ammonia, 108 musk, 323 narcotine, 327 oxide of manganese, 273 Peruvian bark, extract of, 187 pomegranate root, 256 sal-ammoniac, 108 soap, 411 sulphate of morphia, 322 sulphuret of potassium, 369 tartar emetic, 122 valerian and iron, 463 sulphate of potassa, 463 Boneser; 225 decoction, 226 infusion, 226 compound, 226 Boot composition, 479 Boracic acid, 81-554 collutory, 81 mixture, 81 Borate mercury, 268 potassa, 374 soda, 433 Borax, 433 collutory, 433 collyrium, 434 gargle, 434 honey, 434 lotion, 434 lozenges, 433 mixture, 434 ointment, 434 powder, compound, 433 vinegar, 434 Boullay's filter, 522 Bowman's root, 226 Box, 151 oil, 151 Bran tea, 489 Brass, solder for, 485 Brayera, 149 Bread jelly, 487 British oil, 349 Bromide of iron, 230 mercury, 268 potassium, 362 sodium, 431 Bromine, 149-559 lotion, 149 solution, 149 alcoholic, 149 Brooklime, 144 decoction, 144 syrup, 144 water, 144 Broom, 422 


601 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Broom, conserve, 423 decoction, 422 compound, 422 extract, 422 . infusion, 422 Broth, mutton, 489 vegetable, 487 Brown mixture, 255-344 Brucia, 149 acetate, 150 muriate, 150 pills, 150 . solution, 150 sulphate, 150 ¦ tincture, 150 Bryony, 150 cataplasm, 150 compound, 150 . wine, 150 Buchu, 150 - extract, 151 fluid, 151 . infusion, 150 compound, 151 tincture, 151 Buckbean, 317 
Buckbean extract, 317 infusion, 317 mixture, 317 diuretic, 318 pills, compound, 317 Buckthorn, 394 extract, 394 syrup, 394 Bug poison, 480 Burdock, 125 decoction, 125 infusion, 125 Burgundy pitch, 353 pills, 354 plaster, 353 Burnt alum, 100 hartshorn, 157-207 sponge, 442 sugar, 406 Butter of almonds, 112 cocoa, 152 mixture, 152 ointment, 152 Butternut, 291 extract, 291 Button snakeroot, 225 
c 
Cabbage-tree bark, 252 decoction, 253 extract, 253 mixture, 253 Cacbou aromatise, 177 Cadmium, 152 sulphate, 152 ointment, 153 —— solution, 152 Caffein, citrate, 195 pills, 195 syrup, 196 Cahinca, 153 decoction, 153 extract, 153 Cajeput oil, 329 liniment, 329 mixture, 329 Cakes, soda, 491 Calamine, 153 prepared, 153 cerate, 153 Calamus, 153 electuary, 153 infusion, 153 compound, 153 tinoture, 153 compound, 153 Calcium, 154 chloride, 154 cataplasm, 154 mixture, 154 pills, 154 solution, 154 iodide, 155 pills, 155 sulphuret, 155 liniment, 155 pills, compound, 155 Calomel, 271 collyrium, dry, 272 electuary with, 273 pills, 27j and acetate of lead, 272 antimony, 273 catechuj 272 
Calomel, pills, and colocynth, 273 dandelion, 272 guaiacum, 273 jalap, 273 iron, 272 opium, 273 quinine, 272 squill, 272 cathartic, compound, 273 compound, 272 ointment, 273 with acetate of copper, 273 alum, 273 camphor, 274 ; squill, 273 powder with antimony, 271 and henbane, 271 anthelmintic, 272 with foxglove, 271 gamboge, 271 jalap, 271 and rhubarb, 271 nitrate of potassa, 271 opium, 271 pink-root, 272 Calves'-feet jelly, 488 Camphor, 159 and chloroform, 161 ether, 161 Hoffmann's anodyne, 160 1 laudanum, 159 milk, 160 nitric acid, 160 clyster, 161 collyrium, 162 cough mixture, 162 essence, Ward's, 161 emulsion, 160 infusion, 160 liniment, 161 and turpentine, 162 vinegar, 161 compound, 161 ethereal, 161 mixture, 160 


602 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Camphor mixture and myrrh, 160 Parrish's, 160 nitrate, 162 . ointment, 161 pills, 159 and lactucarium, 159 musk, 159 ! tartar emetic, 122 compound, 159 powder, 159 compound, 159 tincture, 160 and saffron, 160 ethereal, 160 mixture, 161 water, 159 mixture, 161 Camphorated acetic acid, 79 soap, 410 vinegar, 79 Canada fleabane, 225 extract, 225 infusion, 225 pitch, 354 Canella, 162 and aloes, powder, 162 Cantherides, 163, 560 cerate, 165 cloth, blistering, 167 court-plaster, blistering, 166 decoction, 165 emulsion, 164 extract, 163 ethereal, 164 infusion, 163 acetic, 164 liniment, 165 aromatic, 166 and camphor, 165 soap, 165 stimulating, 166 oil, 165 ointment, 165 of extract, 165 issue, 166 pills with capsicum, 163 iron, 163 plaster, 166 camphorated, 166 compound, 166 odontalgic, 166 pomatum, 166 -— powder with camphor, 163 savine, 163 shampoo liquid, 167 tincture, 164 camphorated, 164 compound, 164 ethereal, 164 camphorated, 164 1 with guaiacum, 164 vinegar, 164 Cantharidale, collodium, 166 ether, 166 taffeta, 166 Capuchin powder, 404 Caramel, 406 Caraway, 171 embrocation, 172 essence, 172 infusion, 171 oil, 172 spirit, 171 water, 171 Carbon, iodide, 170 ointment, 170 
Carbon, bisulphuret of, 451 drops, 451 liniment, 451 mixture, 451 Carbonate of ammonia, 105 iron, 230 and manganese, 483 lead, 358 lime, 156 magnesia, 306 manganese, 309 potassa, 375 ¦ and ammonia, 377 soda, 434 zinc, 473 Carbonic acid, 81-554-560 water, 81 Carburet of iron, 231 sulphur, 451 Cardamom, 170 confection, 170 extract, ethereal, 170 powder, aromatic, 170 tincture, 170 compound, 170 Carminative, Dalby's, 306 Dewees's, 134-306 drops, 305 Carrageen, 184 decoction, 184 jelly, 184 mixture, 184 Carron oil, 156-303 Carrot, 171 cataplasm, 171 extract, 171 infusion of seeds, 171 ointment, 171 Cartier's hydrometer, 32 Cascarilla, 173 *—•'•extract, 173 mixture, 173 infusion, 173 alkaline, 173 powder, compound, 173 tincture, 173 wine, compound, 173 Cassia, purging, 173 confection, 174 mixture, 174 pulp, 173 Castanello's powders, 487 Castile soap, 410 Castor oil, 331 bandoline, 332 clyster, 331 emulsion, 331 seeds, 331 mixture, 331 with ether, 332 Castor, 174 bolus, 174 pills, 174 plaster, compound, 175 powder, compound, 174 saccharated, 406 spirit, compound, 175 tincture, 174 ammoniated, 175 compound, 175 ethereal, 174 with succinic acid, 174 Catalpa, 175 decoction, 175 Cataplasms, 541 acetate of lead, 357 


603 
GENERAL INDEX. 
V 
Cataplasm, acetate ammonia, 105 acetic acid, 78 black pepper, 352 bryony, 150 compound, 150 carrot-root, 171 cayenne pepper, 168 charcoal, 169 . chloride of calcium, 154 chlorinated soda, 437 clove, 172 emollient, 302 flaxseed, 302 and bran, 302 garlic, 93 hemlock, 202 hops, 264 horseradish, 128 iodine, 285 lead, 360 long pepper, 352 mayweed, 208 mercurial, 267 mustard, 430 compound, 430 oak bark, 387 oatmeal, 140 Peruvian bark, 190 powder for, 140 pyroligneous acid, 79 sal ammoniac, 109 slippery elm, 462 soap, 412 soot, 246 subacetate of lead, 357 tobacco, 453 vinegar, 78 Catechu, 175 bolus, 176 compound, 176 collutory, 177 electuary, 176 infusion, 176 compound, 176 injection, 177 lozenges, 176 mixture, anti-emetic, 177 with logwood, 177 pastilles, aromatic, 177 pills with alum, 176 liquorice, 176 powder, compound, 176 tincture, 176 Cathartics, 65 Catnep, 175 —z infusion, 175 Caudle, 490 Caustic chloride of gold, 137 potassa, 371 soda, 432 Caustics, 71 Cayenne pepper, 167 cataplasm, 168 cerate, 168 extract, 168 gargle, 167 infusion, 167 lotion, 168 lozenges, 167 pills, 167 syrup, 167 tincture, 167 with cantharides, 168 ¦ vinegar, 168 Celandine, 181 ¦ extract, 181 
Celandine, mixture, 181 pills, 181 Celsius's thermometer, 42 Cements, 480 diamond, 283-480 for china, 296-480 for the laboratory, 480 shell lac, 296 Centaury, 178 extract, 178 mixture, 178 pills, 178 Portland powder, 178 wine, compound, 178 American, 404 Centigrade thermometer, 42 Cerate, 544 —I acetate of lead, 357 arsenical, 80 carbonate of zinc, 473 cayenne pepper, 163 cherry-laurel, 299 croton oil, 335 eggs, 347 ¦ Goulard's, 358 Kirkland's, 484 lead, 360 - mercurial, 267 compound, 267 opium, 340 oxide of zinc and lycopodium, 471 Peruvian bark, 190 phosphorated, 350 . pitch, 354 red cedar, 292 red sulphuret of mercury, 280 resin, 393 compound, 394 savine, 405 simple, 178 soap, 411 spermaceti, 179 subacetate of lead, 358 sulphur, 451 Ceromel, 315 Ceruse, 358 Cetrarine, 180 powder, 181 Cevadilla, 404 capuchin, 404 extract, 404 ointment, 404 ointment, 404 powder, compound, 404 tincture, 404 Chalk, 156 mixture, 157 prepared, 156 Chalybeate water, artificial, 231 Chamber utensils, 59 Chamomile, 118 decoction, compound, 118 extract, 118 pills, compound, 119 infusion, 118 mixture, 119 syrup, 119 American, 208 German, 314 Charcoal, animal, 168 ointment, 168 r powder, 168 purified, 168 cataplasm, 169 electuary, 169 lozenges, 169 


604 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Charcoal ointment, 169 powder, dentifrice, 169 and quassia, 169 suppository, 169 mineral, 169 wood, 168 Cheltenham salts, 307 Cherry-laurel, 298 cerate, 299 I infusion, 298 ointment, 299 water, 298 lotion, 299 mixture, 299 Chicken jelly, 490 panada, 489 water, 488 Chinoidine, 387 Chiretta, 182 infusion, 182 tincture, 182 Chlorate of potassa, 378 soda, 436 Chloride of antimony, 119 barium, 142 calcium, 154 gold, 137 and sodium, 137 iron, 232 lead, 359 lime, 154 potassium, 362 quinia and mercury, 274, 389 pills, 274, 389 silver, 125 sodium, 431 tin, 442 zinc, 471 Chlorinated lime, 154 soda, 437 Chlorine, 182, 560 clyster, 183 collutory, 183 gargle, 183 injection, 183 liniment, 183 mixture, 183 oil, 183 ointment, 183 water, 183 Chloroform, 183 emulsion, 184 liniment, 184 Chloroplatinate of sodium, 356 injection of, 356 Chocolate, 490 aromatic, 152 cream, 152 Iceland moss, 180 milk, 490 paullinia, 348 purgative, 418 salep, 152 vanilla, 152 . white, 152 Chrome, 561 Cider mixture, 291 Cinchonia, 191 bolus, 192 kinate, 192 muriate, 192 pills, 191 sulphate, 192 pills, 192 mixture, 192 syrup, 192 
Cinchonia tincture, 192 wine, 192 Cinnabar, 279 Cinnamon, 192 electuary, compound, 193 essence, 193 gargle, 193 infusion, 193 lozenges, 192 oil, 194 plaster, spiced, 194 powder, compound, 192 saccharated, 406 spirit, 193 tincture, 193 compound, 193 ethereal, 193 vinegar, compound, 193 water, 193 compound, 193 wine, compound, 193 Citrate of ammonia, 107 ¦ solution, 107 caffein, 195 iron, 233 and quinia, 233 and magnesia, 234 1 magnesia, 307 morphia, 321 potassa, 378 quinia, 388 Citrated effervescing powders, 82 Citric acid, 81, 555 lozenges, 81 syrup, 81, 82 Citrine ointment, 276 Cleanliness in sick room, 57 Cloth, waxed, 178 Cloves, 172 bag, 173 balsam, 172 cataplasm, 172 infusion, 172 mixture, odontalgic, 172 oil, 172 plaster, 172 saccharated powder, 406 spirit, 172 tincture, 172 water, 172 wine, 172 Clysters, 66 acetate of morphia, 321 acetic acid, 79 anthelmintic, of aloes, 97 assafetida, 134 belladonna, 146 bistort 148 camphor, 161 castor oil, 331 chlorine, 183 colocynth, 199 common salt, 431 and arnica, 431 copaiba, 206 cubebs, 211 dandelion, 456 egg, 346 emollient, oil of almonds, 114 malt, 309 ergot, 224 flaxseed oil, 303 iodine, 285 laudanum, 344 and valerian, 344 musk, 324 


605 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Clyster, olive oil, 330 opium, 340 Peruvian bark, 190 rhatany, 294 soap, 412 . southernwood, 130 stimulating, with nutmeg, 325 — sulphate of magnesia, 308 quinia, 392 soda, 439 tartar emetic, 123 — tartarized soda, 440 turpentine, 456 oil, 333 wormwood, 75 Coating pills, 485, 516 Cocculus indicus, 194 ointment, 194 ¦ picrotoxin, 194 Cochineal, 194 • tincture, 194 with carbonate of potassa, 194 common salt, 194 Cocoa, 151 butter, 152 ointment, 152 mixture, 152 chocolates, 152 aromatic, 152 cream, 152 salep, 152 vanilla, 152 white, 152 powders, compound, 15 palamoud, 151 racahout, 151 wakaka, 152 Codeia, 195 and muriate of morphia, 195 syrup, 195 Cod liver oil, 329 compound, 330 liniment, 330 mixture, 329 ¦ ointment, 330 compound, 330 soap, 412 ioduretted, 412 syrup, 330 Coffee, 195 decoction, 195 figs, 243 milk, 490 syrup, 195 vinegar, 195 acorn, 387 Colchicum, 196 extract bulb, 196 acetic, 196 liniment, with camphor, 198 mixture, 197 with ammonia, 198 ¦ elaterium, 198 magnesia, 197 squill, 198 sulphate magnesia, 197 ¦ oxymel, 197 pills, 196 compound, 196 syrup, 197 tincture, flowers, 197 1 seed, 196 — ethereal, 196 and foxglove, 197 compound, 197 mixture, 197 
Colchicum, vinegar, root, 197 seed, 197 mixture, 198 wine, compound, 197 mixture, 198 root, 196 seed, 196 Cold bath, 535 cream, 114, 179, 481 without spermaceti, 179 custard, 489 Collodion, 255 Collutory, balsam of Peru, 141 boracic acid, 81 borax, 433 carbonate of potassa, 376 catechu, 177 chlorinated lime, 154 chlorine, 183 creasote, 209 'hemlock, 202 lemon juice, 300 mastich, aromatic, 313 myrrh, 326 nitric acid, 85 pyroligneous acid, 79 rhatany, 294 —i rose-water, 400 sal-ammoniac, 109 soot, 246 Collyrium, acetate ammonia, 105 of lead, 356 zinc, 473 alum, 101 anemone, 116 anodyne, 340 antimonial wine, 123 ioduretted potassium, 367 borax, 434 calomel, dry, 272 camphor, 162 carbonate of potassa, 375 caustic potassa, 372 chloride of barium, 143 gold, 137 corrosive sublimate, 270 iodide of zinc, 472 nitrate of silver, 127 saffron, 210 strychnia, 446 subacetate of lead, 357 sulphate of copper, 215 zinc, 474 and camphor, 474 wine of opium, 342 Colocynth, 198 clyster, 199 extract, 199 compound, 199 mixture, 199 pills, and henbane, 199 compound, 199 powder, 199 tincture, 200 mixture, 200 Cologne water, 301 Colors for show-bottles, 481 Colored fires, 482 Columbo, 200 decoction, compound, 201 extract, 201 infusion, 200 and ginger, 200 rhubarb, 200 mixture, 200 and cascarilla, 201 


606 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Columbo, mixture, and salep, 201 ¦ pills, compound, 200 powder and iron, 200 magnesia, 200 tartrate of iron, 200 tincture, 201 American, 245 Coltsfoot, 461 decoction, 461 compound, 461 syrup, 461 Common salt, 431 bath, with gelatine, 431 clyster, 431 with arnica, 431 fomentation, 431 mixture with lemon juice, 432 ointment, 432 compound, 432 powder, compound, 431 with cochineal, 431 Confections, 518 Confection acorns, 387 almonds, 113 aromatic, 170 black pepper, 352 cassia, 174 copaiba, 204 dog rose, 399 ipecacuanha, 287 opium, 338 orange flowers, 136 peel, 135 roses, 400 rue*403 scammony, 417 senna, 425 compound, 425 Conia, solution, 203 Conserves, 518 Conserve of acetate of potassa, 373 angelica, 117 broom, 423 violets, 468 Contrayerva, 203 decoction, 203 extract, 203 gargle, 203 mixture, 203 powder, compound, 203 tincture, 203 compound, 203 Copahine-Mege, 205 Cool bath, 536 Copaiba, 204 boluses, 204 clyster, 206 confection, 204 emulsion, 205 injection, 205 mixture, 80, 205 oil, 206 paste, 206 pills, 204 and cubebs, 204 cubebs and turpentine, 204 tincture, 206 alkaline, 206 compound, 206 Copal varnish, 486 Copper, 212, 561 solder for, 48£ acetate, 212 ammoniated, 214 gurgle, 214 injection, 214 
Copper, ammoniated, ointment, 214 pills, 214 compound, 214 powder, with belladonna, 214 solution, 214 muriate, 213 and ammonia, 214 cupreous ether, 214 Koechlin's drops, 214 solution, with mercury, 214 subacetate, 212 balsam, Metz's, 213 liniment,'213 lotion, compound, 213 ointment, 213 Egyptian, 213 — pills, 213 ! with alum, 213 plaster, 213 powder, with savine, 212 wash, ophthalmic, 213 sulphate, 215 collyrium, 215 electuary, 215 gargle, 215 lotion, 215 injection, 216 1 — ointment, 216 pills, 215 and opium, 215 compound, 215 powder, compound, 215 styptic, 216 Cordial, Godfrey's, 343 Warner's, 397 Coriander, 206 powder, compound, 206 tincture, 207 water, compound, 207 Corpse, preservation of, 478 Corrosive sublimate, 269 collyrium, 270 injection, 270 lotion, 270 Bateman's, 270 cosmetic, 270 with camphor, 270 copper, 270 mixture, 269 pills, 269 compound, 269 powder with copper, 269 zinc, 269 solution, 269 alcoholic, 269 tincture, antacrid, 270 wash, cosmetic, 271 yellow, 270 Cotton, 255 decoction of root, 255 Court plaster, 2S2 Cowhage, 324 electuary, 324 ointment, 324 Coxe's hive syrup, 420-424 Cranesbill, 252 decoction, 252 extract, 252 Cream, almond, 114 chocolate, 152 cold, 114-179-481 without spermaceti, 179 of tartar, 382 soluble, 374 Creasote, 208 


GENERAL INDEX. 
607 
Creasote, collutory, 209 lotion, 209 mixture, 208, 209 ointment, 209 compound, 209 pills, 208 solution, alcoholic, 208 Croton oil, 333 bolus, 333 cerate, 335 embrocation, 335 emulsion, 334 liniment, 335 lozenges, 334 mixture, 334 ointment, 335 pills, 333 compound, 334 with blue mass, 334 quinine, 334 plaster, 335 soap, 334 solution, saponaceous, 334 tincture, 334 Cubebs, 210 clyster, 211 electuary, 211 fluid extract, 211-481 
Cubebs, extract, emulsion, 211 alcoholic ethereal, 211 lozenges, 211 alcoholic ethereal extract, 211 mixture, 211 oil and copaiba, 212 oil, 212 powder, 210 and alum, 210 ergot, 210 hemlock, 210 syrup, alco-ether. extract, 212 tincture, 211 Cubic nitre, 438 Cuckoo flower, 170 Cucumber, 212 ointment, 212 Cumin, 216 plaster, 216 Cupping, 550 Curd, alum, 101 Custard, cold, 489 rice, 490 Cyanuret of gold, 138 mercury, 274 potassium, 363 silver, 125 zinc, 472 
D 
Dalby's carminative, 306 Dandelion, 454 clyster, 456 decoction, 455 extract, 455 fluid, 455 and senna, 455 : pills, 455 with blue mass, 456 infusion, 455 compound, 455 juice, 455 mixture, 456 De Lisle's thermometer, 42 Decoctions, 520 aloes, compound, 97 arnica, 128 asparagus roots, 132 azedarach, 140 barley, 263 compound, 263 bittersweet, 221 compound, 221 < black alder, 384 snakeroot, 185 ¦ blackberry root, 402 boneset, 226 brooklime, 144 broom, 422 — compound, 422 burdock, 125 < cabbage-tree bark, 253 cahinca, 153 cantharides in turpentine, 165 ¦ carrageen, 184 catalpa, 175 : chamomile, compound, 118 coffee, raw, 195 coltsfoot, 461 compound, 461 columbo, compound, 201 ¦ contrayerva, 203 cotton-root, 255 
Decoction, dandelion, 455 dock root, 402 dogwood, 207 elder bark, 409 elecampane, 283 elm bark, 461 ergot, 224 figs, 243 compound, 243 galls, 248 geranium, 252 guaiacum wood, compound, 257 hairy horehound, 141 hardhack, 441 horehound, compound, 312 horse balm, 198 horsechestnut bark, 263 compound, 2G3 Iceland moss, 180 Indian hemp, 124 sarsaparilla, 262 ipecacuanha, 288 logwood, 259 madder, 402 common mallow, 309 marsh rosemary, 443 marshmallow, 98 matico, 314 mezereon, 318 compound, 318 New Jersey tea, 177 oak bark, 387 oatmeal, compound, 140 Pareira brava, 348 yellow Peruvian bark, 187 and cascarilla, 188 rhatany, 188 compound, 188 >— pipsissewa, 182 compound, 162 pomegranate rind, 256 


608 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Decoction, pomegranate root, 256 — poppy heads, 347 prickly asb, 469 queen's root, 444 quince seed, 216 sarsaparilla, 413 compound, 413 Feltz's 413 Jauperand's 414 Vinache's, 413 Zittmann's, 414 seneka, 423 soot, 245 stavesacre, 443 tormentil, 459 uva ursi, 462 water avens, 253 white hellebore, 467 wild indigo, 142 willow bark, 408 woods, 257 wormseed, 181 Delcroix's depilatory, 130 Delphinia, 217 ointment, 217 solution, 217 Demulcents, 67 Dentifrice, 482 bitartrate potassa, 382 burnt hartshorn, 207 charcoal, 169 chlorinated lime, 154 electuary, 157, 158 mastich, 313 orris-root, 289 Peruvian bark, 186 phosphate of lime, 158 rhatany, 293 sulphate of quinia, 392 willow bark, 408 with carbonate of lime, 157 Depilatories, 482 orpiment, 130 Deshler's salve, 394 Dewberry, 402 Dewees's carminative, 134, 306 tincture of guaiacum, 258 Diachylon, 360 Diapalma plaster, 360 Diaphoretics, 67 Di-arsenite of quinia, 388 Dietetic preparations, 487 Diet-drink, Lisbon, 413 Diet in convalescence, 74 Digitalin, 219 pills, 220 granules, 220 Digitalis, 217 Diluents, 68 
Dinner pills, 313 Dinneford's fluid magnesia, 306 Dippel's animal oil, 329 . liniment, 329 mixture, 329 tincture, 329 Disinfecting liquid of Ledoyen, 484 Displacement, 521 Distillation, 525, 529 Distilled oils, 528 waters, 525 Dittany, 212 infusion, 212 oil, 212 Diuretics, 68 Dock, 402 decoction, 402 Dog rose, 399 confection, 399 Dogwood, 207 decoction, 207 pills, 208 Jamaica, 353 round-leaved, 207 wine, 208 swamp, 207 Dogsbane; 124 Dolichos, 324 Donovan's solution, 129 Dose of medicines, 60 Douche, 538 Dover's powder, 286 eclectic, 345 Drops, 26-534 Bateman's, 343 Battley's, 343 black, 341 carbonate ammonia, 106 carminative, 305 Koechlin's, 214 odontalgic, 342 sulphuret carbon, 451 table of, 26 toothache, 339 Draughts, 524 alum, 102 anodyne, 344 black, 426 effervescing, 377, 378, 381 carbonate ammonia, 106 and ginger, 106 morphia, 320 muriatic acid, 85 sal-ammoniac, 109 solution, iodide of arsemc and mercury, 129 sugar of milk, 296 sulphate potassa, effervescing, 381 
E 
Eau des Cannes, 316 de Dardel, 316 de Javelle, 363 de luce, 106-448 medicinale de Husson, 196-198-257-467 de Pagliari, 482 Effervescing draught, 377-378-381 powders, 82-88-377-436 Egg, 346 cerate, 347 clyster, emollient, 346 ¦ restorative, 346 
Egg, emulsion, 346 liniment, 347 mixture, 346 with brandy, 346 wine, 346 oil, 346 Elaometer, 35 Elaterin, 222 tincture, 222 Elaterium, 222 mixture, 222 oil, 222 


GENERAL INDEX 
609 
Elaterium, pills, 222 Elder, 408 decoction of bark, 409 extract of berries, 409 ¦ mixture, 409 gargle, 408 ointment, 409 . — leaves, 409 i vinegar, 408 water of flowers, 408 Elecampane, 283 decoction, 283 . extract, 283 mixture, 283 oxymel, compound, 284 pills, compound, 283 Electuaries, 518 Electuary, alumina, 99 . dentifrice, 157, 158 laxative, 96 for teeth, 99 of alum, 101 — angustura, 117 bitartrate of potassa, 383 black oxide of iron, 239 pepper, 352 burnt sponge, 442 calamus, 153 calomel, 273 — carburet of iron, 232 catechu, 176 charcoal, 169 ¦ cinnamon, compound, 193 cowhage, 324 cubebs, 211. , indigo, 283 jalap, 290 juniper, 292 . kino, 293 lenitive, 425 logwood, extract of, 259 male fern, 244 orange leaves, 136 peel, 135 Peruvian bark, 189 astringent, 189 with catechu, 189 cloves, 189 iron, 189 sulphur, 189 tin, 189 pomegranate root, 256 rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 396 roses, 400 scurvy grass, 194 semen contra, 130 senna and cream of tartar, 425 figs, 425 rhubarb, 425 sulphur, 425 soap, 412 squill, 422 sulphate of copper, 215 soda, 439 sulphur, 449, 450 compound, 450 sulphuret of potassium, 370 tamarinds, 454 tin, 442 ¦ turpentine, 456 valerian, 463 1 Virginia snakeroot, 428 Elemi, 222 cautery plaster, 223 ointment, 222 39 
Elixir, Boerhaave's, 98 Clauder's, 97 Garus's, 98, 210 ipecacuanha, 289 Lettsom's, 344 opium, 330 orange-peel, 135 salutis/426 scammony, 418 — 1 Stoughton's, 98 vitriol, 87 Wedell's, 421 Elm bark, 461 decoction, 461 compound infusion, 461 slippery, 462 Elutriation, 515 Embrocation, caraway, 172 croton oil, 335 petroleum, 349 Embrocations, 542 Emetic, tartar, 122, 558 Emetics, 68 Emetin, 223 impure, 223 lozenges, 223 mixture, 223 pure, 223 syrup, 223 Emmenagogues, 69 Emollients, 67, 541 Emulsions, 524 almond, 113, 114 aromatic, 114 anthelmintic, 331, 427 —' artificial musk, 448 bicarbonate soda, 436 benzoin, cosmetic, 147 camphor, 160 cantharides, 164 carbonate of potassa, 376 castor-oil seed, 331 chloroform, 184 copaiba, 205 croton oil, 334 cubebs, ethereal extract, 211 egg, 346 hemp seed, 163 jalap, 290 kerines mineral, 121 lupulin, 304 t manna, 311 'nitrated, 380 opoponax, 345 purgative, 308 sal ammoniac, 109 scammony, 417 compound, 417 seneka, 424 squill, 421 sulphate soda, 439 tartar emetic, 122 tolu, 458 vermifuge, 332 Enemata, 66 Epispastics, 69 Epsom salts, 307 Ergotine, 224 Ergot, 223 clyster, 224 decoction, 22 extract, 224-225 infusion, 223 injection, 224 mixture, 224 extract, 224 


610 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Ergot, oil, 225 pills, compound, 224 extract, 225 powder, compound, 224 syrup, 224 tincture, 224 wine, 224 Errhine, alum, 100 euphorbium, 227 Errhines, 71 Escharotics, 71 Essences, 534 Essence of allspice, 351 angelica, 117 aniseed, 118 caraway, 172 cinnamon, 193 fennel, 245 giijger, 476 lavender, compound, 300 lemon, 300 nutmeg, 325 peppermint, 316 roses, 400 rosemary, 401 sarsaparilla, 414 compound, 414 soap, 412 camphorated, 412 spearmint, 317 vanilla, 466 Ward's, for headache, 161 Essential oils, 528 Ether, acetic, 91 mixture, 91 spirit, 91 cantharidalis, 166 cupreous, 214 hydrocyanic, 92 muriatic, 92 mixture, 92 spirit, 92 nitrous, 91 mixture, 91 sweet spirit, 91 mixture, 91 phosphorated, 350 sulphuric, 92 ethereal oil, 92 Hoffmann's anodyne, 92 lotion, 92 mixture with camphor, 93 turpentine, 93 rectified, 92 spirit, 92 syrup, 92 terebinthinated, 93 Ethereal oil, 92 » Ethiops mineral, 279 Euphorbium, 226 oil, 227 1 plaster, 227 sternutatory, 227 Examination of excretions, 58 Exercise in convalescence, 74 Expectorants, 71 Extracts, 517 Extract of aconite, 89 alcoholic, 89 ammoniated, 90 American centaury, 404 hellebore, 468 anemone, 116 arnica, 128 asparagus roots, 132 shoots, 132 
Extract of belladonna, 145 alcoholio, 145 bistort, 149 bittersweet, 221 black hellebore, 261 alcoholio, 261 black pepper, fluid, 352 black enakeroot, 479 fluid, 479 broom, 422 buchu, 151 fluid, 151 buckbean, 317 buckthorn, 394 butternut, 291 cabbage-tree bark, 253 cahinca, 153 Canada fleabane, 225 cantharides, 163 ethereal, 164 cardamom, 170 carrot root, 171 cascarilla, 173 cayenne pepper, 168 celandine, 181 centaury, 178 cevadilla, 404 chamomile, 118 colchicum bulb, 196 acetic, 196 colocynth, 199 compound, 199 columbo, 201 contrayerva, 203 cubebs, fluid, 211-481 alcoholic-ethereal, 211 dandelion, 455 fluid, 455 and senna, 455 elder berries, 409 elecampane, 283 ergot, 224, 225 fever-root, 461 foxglove, 218 galls, 249 gentian, 250 ; fluid, 25C geranium, 252 ginger, ethereal, 476 Goulard's, 356 guaiacum wood, 257 hardback, 442 hemlock, 201 ' alcoholic, 201 hemp, 162 purified, 163 henbane, alcoholic, 280 aqueous, 280 fluid, 281 hops, 264 horehound, 312 horse-chestnut, 263 Indian hemp, 125 ipecacuanha, 287 fluid, 483 jalap, 290 alkaline, 290 juniper, 291 lettuce, 297 watery, 297 liquorice, 254 lobelia, acetic, 303 fluid, 304 logwood, 259 lupulin, 304 male fern, £44 


GENERAL INDEX. 
611 
Extract of marigold, 158 matico, 314 ¦ ¦ may apple, 361 mezereon, 318 myrrh, 326 nux vomica, 328 oak bark, 386 opium, acetous, 335 alcoholic, 336 aqueo-alcoholio, 335 aqueous, 335 by fermentation, 336 denarcotized, 336 ~ roasted, 336 vinous, 336 pareira brava, 348 paullinia, alcoholic, 348 pellitory, 385 Peruvian bark, 187 fluid, 187 vinous, 187 pink-root, compound, 441 fluid, 441 and senna, 441 pipsissewa, 182 poison oak, 460 ¦ pomegranate-rbot, 256 poppy heads, 347 quassia, 386 rhatany, 293 
Extract of rhubarb, 396 fluid, 396 and senna, 396 rue, 403 sarsaparilla, 414 fluid, 414 savine, 405 scammony, 417 seneka, with squill, 424 senna, alcoholic, 425 fluid, 427 squill, 422 acetic, 422 stramonium leaves, 444 seed, 444 —i 1 — succory, 185 tansy, 454 tobacco, 452 tormentil, 459 uva ursi, 462 valerian, 464 r fluid, 464 vanilla, fluid, 466 Virginia snakeroot, fluid, 428 willow bark, 407 wood sorrel, 77 wormwood, 75 ' yellow root, 469 Eyebright, 227 
F 
Fahrenheit's thermometer, 42 False sarsaparilla, 125 Fats, 533 Fecula of hemlock, 201 Felt splints, 486 Fennel, 244 essence, 245 infusion, 245 oil, 245 ¦ ointment, 245 powder, compound, 244 water, 245 Fern, male, 243 bolus, 244 v electuary, 244 extract, ethereal, 244 pills, 244 jelly, 244 mixture, 244 oil, 244 pills, 244 powder, 244 Ferrocyanate of quinia, 388 Ferrocyanuret of iron, 205 zinc, 472 Ferro-sulphuret of potassium, 369 Fever-root, 461 extract, 461 Figs, 243 coffee, 243 decoction, 243 ¦ compound, 243 gargle, 243 paste, 243 Figwort, 423 ¦ oil, 423 ointment, 423 Filter, Boullay's, 522 Fires, colored, 482 Fixed oils, 533 
Flaxseed, 302 cataplasm, 302 with bran, 302 clyster of oil, 303 infusion, 302 —i liniment of oil, 303 —i meal, cataplasm, 302 compound, 302 mixture, 302 Fleabane, 225 Canada, 225 — infusion, 225 Fleming's tincture of aconite, 477 Flies, Spanish, 163 Florentine orris, 289 Flour, boiled, 488 Fluid extract of black pepper, 352 black snakeroot, 479 buchu, 151 cubebs, 211, 481 dandelion, 455 and senna, 455 gentian, 250 henbane, 281 ipecacuanha, 483 lobelia, 304 Peruvian bark, 187 pinkroot, 441 and senna, 441 compound, 441 rhubarb, 396 and senna, 396 sarsaparilla, 414 senna, 427 valerian, 464 vanilla, 466 Virginia snakeroot, 428 Flummery of oatmeal, 140 Fomentations, 541 Fomentation, arnica, 128 
t 


612 
GENERAL INDEX. 
I 
Fomentation, arnica, with rue, 129 aromatic, 401 carbonate of potassa, 376 common salt, 431 , nitric acid, 85 opium, 340 phosphoric acid, 86 sal ammoniac, 108 sulphate of zinc, 47 wine of opium, 342 Foreign weights, 20 Fowl, with rice, 489 Fowler's solution, 373 mixture, 374 iodine and arsenic, 374 Foxglove, 217 bolus, 218 extract, 218 infusion, 218 mixture, expectorant, 219 with acetate of lead, 219 potassa, 219 tartaric acid, 219 
Foxglove, ointment, 219 pills, 218 and squill, 218 plaster, 219 powder, 217 saccharated, 400 syrup, 219 tincture, 219 ethereal, 219 mixture, 219 vinegar, 219 Frankincense, 353 Frictions, 542 Frost-weed, 260 Frumenty, 490 Fuligokali, 246 ointment, 246 sulphuretted, 246 , pills, 246 Fumigations, 546 Fumigation with belladonna, 145 Furniture of sick room, 58 varnish, 486 
G 
Galbannm, 247 mixture, 247 pills, compound, 247 plaster, 247 compound, 247 purified, 247 tincture, 247 compound, 247 Gallic acid, 82 injection, 82 pills, 82 Galls, 248 decoction, 248 extract, 249 ointment, 249 gargle, 248 infusion, 248 compound, 248 lotion, 248 ointment, 249 compound, 249 — powder, compound, 248 syrup, 248 tincture, 248 Gallate of iron, 234 Gamboge, 249 pills, compound, 249 powder, compound, 249 mixture, 249 with elaterin, 250 solution, alkaline, 249 tincture, alkaline, 250 ammoniacal, 250 Gannal's injection, 478 Gargle, ammonia, 103 acetate of ammonia, 105 lead, 358 alum, 100, 101 ammoniated copper, 214 borax, 434 chlorate of soda, 437 cayenne pepper, 167 chlorinated soda, 437 chlorine, 183 cinnamon, tincture, 193 contrayerva, 203 cyanuret of mercury, 274 elder flowers, 408 
Gargle, figs, 243 galls, 248 iodine, 285 mercurial, 265 muriatic acid, 84 mustard, 430 myrrh, 326 nitrate of potassa, 380 oak bark, 387 Peruvian bark, 190 pomegranate rind, 256 sage, 408 scurvy grass, 195 subacetate of lead, 357 sulphate of copper, 215 quinia, 392 zinc, 474 tannic acid, 87 tormentil, 459 vinegar, 78 Garlic, 93 cataplasm, 93 liniment, 93 lotion, capillary, 93 syfup, 93 Gaulthier's plaster, 360 Gay Lussac's alcoometre, 32 Gentian, 250 extract, 250 fluid, 250 syrup, 251 ! infusion, 251 compound, 251 with rhubarb, 251 mixture, 251 pills, compound, 250 . powder, compound, 250 syrup, 251 tincture, 251 acidulated, 251 alkaline, 252 ammoniacal, 252 compound, 251 mixture, 252 with sulphuric acid, 252 wine, 251 Gentianin, 252 pills, 252 


GENERAL INDEX. 
613 
Gentianin, syrup, 252 tincture, 252 German chamomile, 314 infusion, 314 Ginger, 475 beer, 476-490 powders, 436 essence, 476 extract, ethereal, 476 syrup, 476 tincture, 476 infusion, 476 lozenges, 476 oil, 476 . spice plaster, 477 syrup, 476 tincture, 476 Glass, soluble, 381 Glauber's salts, 438 Gloucester jelly, 487 Glue, liquid, 482 ¦ marine, 483 Glycerin, 254 lotion, 254 ointment, 254 paste, 254 Goadby's solutions, 478 Godfrey's cordial, 343 Gold, 136 ointment, 137 powder, 136 syrup, 137 solder for, 486 ammoniated, 139 pills, 139 chloride, 137 bolus, 137 caustic, 137 collyrium, 137 ointment, 137 pills, 137 powder, 137 tincture, 137 with sodium, 137 lozenges, 138 ointment, 138 pills, 138 powder, 137 ¦ solution, 138 syrup, 138 compound, 138 cyanide, 138 lozenges, 139 pills, 139 powder, 138 solution, 139 
Gold, iodide, 139 oxide, 139 pills, 139 powder, 139 purple of Cassius, 139 Golden sulphuret of antimony, 121 Goldthread, 206 infusion, 206 tincture, 206 Gondret's ointment, 106 Goulard's balsam, 358 cerate, 358 extract, 356 Granulation, 515 Granules of digitalin, 220 Granville's lotion, 103 Gravity, specific, 28 Grease balls, 411 Griffith's mixture, 231, 326 Griffitt's pills, 96 Groat gruel, 140 Gruel, oatmeal, 140 rice, 346 Guaiacum, 257 decoction, compound, 257 extract, 257 mixture, 258 ¦ with bittersweet, 258 oil, 257 compound, 257 pills with aloes, 258 antimony, 258 sulphur, 258 turpentine, 258 tartar emetic, 122 powder, compound, 258 ¦ tincture, 258 ammoniated, 259 Dewees's, 258 and paregoric, 259 copaiba, 259 mixture, odontalgic, 259 with henbane, 259 Guarana, 348 Gum Arabic, 76 linctus, 77 lozenges, 76, 77 mixture, 76 Wendt's, 77 mucilage, 76 paste, 76 patS de guimauve, 76 syrup, 77 compound, 77 plaster, 112 tragacanth, 460 
H 
Hair dye, 127 Hairy hsrehound, 141 decoction, 141 Hardhack, 441 decoction, 441 extract, 442 Hartshorn, 207 burnt, 207 dentifrice, 207 jelly, 207 ¦ compound, 207 Hedge hyssop, 257 powder, compound, 257 wine, 257 
Heinecke's solution, 433 Hellebore, American, 468 black, 260 white, 467 Hemlock, 201 cataplasm, 202 collutory, 202 extract, 201 alcoholio, 201 fecula, 201 infusion, 202 mixture, with paregoric, 203 oil, 202, 354 ointment, 202 


614 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Hemlock, pills with calomel, 202 pills with dandelion, 202 — ipecacuanha, 202 pitch, 354 plaster, 202 compound, 202 powder, 201 saccharated, 406 suppository, 203 tincture, 202 ethereal, 202 Hemp, 162 emulsion, 163 extract, 162 purified, 163 resin, 163 tincture, 163 Indian, 124 Henbane, 280-566 extract, alcoholic, 280 aqueous, 280 fluid, 281 infusion, 281 compound, 281 liniment, 282 mixture, 281 with antimony, 281 squill, 282 ointment, 282 compound, 282 pills, compound, 281 and ipecacuanha, 281 opium, 281 powder, compound, 281 saccharated, 406 tincture, 281 ¦ ethereal, 281 Hiera picra, 162 tincture, 162 Hive syrup, Coxe's, 420-424 Hoffmann's anodyne, 92 Holly, sea, 225 Honeys, 314-520 borax, 434 clarified, 314 ceromel, 315 hydromel, 315 mixture, expectorant, 315 oxymel, 314 pectoral, 315 prepared, 314 water, 315 roses, 400 violets, 408 Hooper's pills, 95-241 Hope's mixture, 160 Hops, 263 cataplasm, 264 extract, 264 infusion, 264 mixture, 264 ointment, 264 
Hops, tincture, 264 alkaline, 264 Horehound, 312 candy, 313 decoction, compound, 312 extract, 312 hairy, i41 mixture, pectoral, 312 syrup, 313 Horse balm, 198 decoction, 198 oil, 198 tincture, 198 chestnut, 262 decoction, 263 compound, 263 extract, 263 —; powder, compound, 262 Horsemint, 318 liniment, 319 oil, 318 Horseradish, 127 cataplasm, compound, 128 infusion, 128 compound, 128 mixture, 128 spirit, compound, 128 Hot bath, 537 Hundred-leaved rose, 399 Hungary water, 401 Huxham's tincture, 189 Hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 368 Hydrated oxide of iron, 238 Hydriodate of ammonia, 107 ointment, 108 morphia, 321 quinia, 388 ioduretted, 389 Hydriodic acid, 83 Hydrochloric acid, 84, 555 Hydrocyanic acid, 82, 555 extemporaneous, 82 injection, 83 julep, 83 lotion, 83 mixture, 82 syrup, 83 ether, 92 Hydromel, 315 pectoral, 315 Hydrometers, 30 Hydrometrical equivalents, 36 Hydrosulphate of ammonia, 108 sulphuretted, 108 Hydrosulphuric acid, 83 artificial sulphuretted water 83 bath, hydrosulphuretted, 83 lotion, hydrosulphuretted 84 Hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium, 369 Hyposulphite of soda, 437 
I 
Iceland moss, 180 cetrarine, 180 powder, 181 ihocolate, 180 decoction, 180 jelly, 180 mixture, 180 Idiosyncrasy, 61 Imperial drink, 383 measure, 25 
Incompatibles, table of, 492 Indelible inks, 127, 483 Indian hemp, 124 decoction, 124 extract, 125 physic, 254 sarsaparilla, 261 decoction, 262 infusion, 262 mixture, 262 


615 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Indian sarsaparilla syrup, 261 . tobacco, 303 . «turnip, 131 Indigo, 283 . electuary, 283 pills, 283 powder, 283 sulphate, 283 wild, 142 decoction, 142 ointment, 142 Infusions, 520 Infusion, American centaury, 404 columbo, 245 senna, 174 . angustura, 117 arnica, 128 compound, 128 balm, 315 barberry, 148 belladonna, 145 benne, 429 bistort, 148 black purslane, 226 blessed thistle, 177 bloodroot, 409 boneset, 226 compound, 226 broom, 422 / buchu, 150 compound, 15 buckbean, 317 burdock, 125 calamus, 153 camphor, 160 Canada fleabane, 225 cantharides, 163 acetio, 164 caraway, 171 carrot seeds, 171 cascarilla, 173 alkaline, 173 catechu, 176 compound, 176 catnep, 175 Cayenne pepper, 167 chamomile, 118 cherry-laurel, 298 chiretta, 182 cinnamon, 193 cloves, 172 columbo, 200 with ginger, 200 rhubarb, 200 dandelion, 455 dittany, 212 elm bark, 461 ergot, 223 fennel, 245 flaxseed, 302 fleabane, 225 foxglove, 218 galls, 248 compound, 248 — gentian, 251 compound, 251 with rhubarb, 251 German chamomile, 314 ginger, 476 goldthread, 206 hemlock, 202 henbane, 2S1 compound, 281 « hops, 264 horseradish, 127 compound, 128 
Infusion, Indian sarsaparilla, 262 iron, bitter, 237 juniper, 291 compound, 291 kino, 293 linden flowers, 458 compound, 458 lobelia, 303 logwood, 259 maidenhair, 90 malt, 309 marigold, 158 matico, 313 compound, 314 mayweed, 208 mint, 317 compound, 317 mudar, 159 orange-peel, compound, 135 pareira brava, 348 parsley-root, 349 pennyroyal, 260 persimmon bark, 220 Peruvian bark, 188 compound, 188, 189 with lime water, 188 magnesia, 188 . serpen taria, 188 valerian, 188 pinkroot, 440 compound, 441 pleurisy-root, 131 quassia, 386 compound, 386 red poppy, 399 compound, 399 rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 396 alkaline, 396 roses, acid, 400 safflower, 171 saffron, 210 sage, 408 compound, 408 sarsaparilla, 413 alkaline, 413 sassafras bark, 416 ¦ compound, 416 pith, 416 savine, 405 seneka, 423 compound, 423 senna, 426 compound, 426 with buckthorn, 427 coffee, 426 lemon juice, 427 rhubarb, 427 tamarinds, 426 tincture of senna, 427 simaruba, 429 compound, 429 skunk cabbage, 220 - slippery elm, 462 southern wood, 130 succory, 185 tamarinds, 454 tansy, 454 tobacco, 453 tulip tree bark, 303 valerian, 463 compound, 463 Virginia snakeroot, 428 compound, 428 with ether, 429 yellow ladies' bedstraw, 248 


616 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Infusion, yellow root, 469 wild cherry bark, 384 ginger, 131 wormwood, 75 Inhalations, 535 Inhalation, balsam of tolu, 459 Injections, anatomical, 477 chloride of zinc, 477 Gannal's 478 molasses, 477 nitrate of lead, 478 Injection, acetate of zinc, 473 aloes, 97 alum, 101, 102 ammonia, 103 ammoniated copper, 214 carbonate of soda, 435 catechu, 177 caustio potassa, 372 chloride of zinc, 471 chlorinated lime, compound, 155 soda, 437 chlorine, 183 chloroplatinate of sodium, 356 copaiba, 205 corrosive sublimate, 270 cubebs, 211 detersive, 97 ergot, 224 gallic acid, 82 hydrocyanic acid, 83 iodide of iron, 236 potassium, 364 ioduretted, 367 kino, 293 kousso, 149 morphia, 320 opium, 340 pomegranate rind, 256 pyroligneous acid, 79 rhatany, 294 sedative, 348 soot, 246 stimulating, 326 subacetate of lead, 357 and lime water, 358 sulphate of copper, 216 iron, 241 zinc, 475 sulphuret of potassium, 371 tannic acid, 87 Ink, blue, 234-483 indelible, 127-483 without mordant, 127 red, 483 writing; 234-483 Inspissated juices, 517 Iodate of potassa, 379 strychnia, 447 Iodide of arsenic, 129 and mercury, 129 barium, 143 gold, 139 iron, 235 lead, 359 manganese, 310 ¦ mercury, 275 red, 275 potassium, 364, 562 quinia, 388 silver, 126 i starch, 116 sulphur, 452 zinc, 472 Iodine, 284, 562 bath, 284 
Iodine, cataplasm, 285 clyster, 285 gargle, 285 liniment, 285 lotion, 285 mixture, 285 with iodide of potassium, 284 ointment, 285 compound, 285 with mercury, 2S5 oil of tobacco. 285 pills, 284 plaster, 285 solution, 284 tincture, 284 compound, 284 ethereal, 284 saturated, 284 Ioduretted potassium, 366 water, 367 Ipecacuanha, 286 bolus, 287 confection, 287 decoction, 288 elixir, 289 extract, 287 fluid, 483 lozenges, 287 and camphor, 287 mixture, 288 pills, with centaury, 287 foxglove, 287 opium, 287 squill, 287 powder with antimony, 286 benzoic acid, 80 calomel, 286 carb. soda, 286 muriate ammonia, 286 myrrh, 287 nitre, 286 opium, 286 rhubarb, 286 tartar emetic, 122,286 tragacanth, 287 saccharated, 406 syrup, 288, 483 compound, 288 tincture, 288 wild, 226 powder, 226 wine, 288 alkaline, 288 compound, 288 with tartar emetic, 288 Irish moss, 184 Iris, Florentine, 289 Iron, 227, 562 preparations of, 483 solder for, 485 filings, 227 mixture, compound, 230 powder, 227 wire, 227 acetate, 228 and alum, 228 tincture, alcoholic, 228 ethereal, 228 ammoniated, 229 bolus, 229 mixture, 229 pills, 229 powder, compound, 229 tincture, 229 arseniate, 229 ointment, 230 


GENERAL INDEX. 
617 
Iron, arseniate, pills, 229 , bromide, 230 ointment, 230 pills, 230 . carbonate, 230 artificial chalybeate water, 231 pills, 230 . plaster, 231 saccharine, 230 < and manganese, 483 subcarbonate, 230 mixture, 230 pills, cotnp., 231 powder, 230 wine, 231 carburet, 231 • electuary, 232 ¦ mixture, 232 ointment, 232 pills, 232 plaster, 232 powder, 232 prepared, 231 chloride, 232 and acetate of lead, 232 mixture, 232 syrup, 232 tincture, 232 ethereal, 233 citrate, 233 ammonio-, 229 and magnesia, 234 syrup, 234 quinia, 233 liquid, 233 syrup, 233 tincture, 233 wine, 233 aromatic, 233 ferrocyanuret, blue ink, 234 mixture, 234 ointment, 234 pills, 234 powder, 234 compound, 234 Prussian blue, 234 gallate, 234 writing ink, 234 iodide, 235 bath, 237 injection, 236 lozenges, 235 mixture, 236 ointment, 237 pills, «35 solution, 235 officinal, 236 syrup, 236 ¦ and chloride of iron, 236, 237 tincture, 236 wine, 236 lactate, 237 lozenges, 237 
Iron, lactate, pills, 237 syrup, 237 malate, 237 bitter infusion, 237 mixture, 237 solution, 237 tincture, 237 metallic, prepared, 227 bolus, 228 mixture, 228 pills, 228 powder, 228 compound, 228 nitrate, 238 per-sesquinitrate, solution, 238 proto-nitrato, syrup, 238, 484 oxide, black, 238 electuary, 239 pills, 239 powder, 239 hydrated, 238 red, 239 pills, 239 plaster, 239 phosphate, 240 compound syrup, 484 proto-iodide, 235 pills, 235 syrup, 236 tincture, 236 sulphate, 240 dried, 240 injection, 241 mixture, 241 compound, 241 pills, 240 Bland's, 240 1 compound, 240 with rhubarb, 240 powder, 240 solution, 241 syrup, 241 tersulpbate, solution, 238 sulphuret, 241 tannate, 243 tartrate, and potassa, 241 powder, and columbo, 242 effervescent, 242 solution, 242 tincture, compound, 242 wine, 242 compound, 242 ammonio-, 242 solution, 243 valerianate, 243 Irritants, 565 Isinglass, 282 blanc mange, 491 — 1 court plaster, 282 diamond cement, 283 Issues, 543 ointment, 166 
i: 
J 
Jackson's pectoral lozenges, 484 syrup, 77-484 Jalap, 289 electuary, 290 emulsion, 290 extract, 290 alkaline, 290 mixture, 290 
Jalap, pills, compound, 290 with calomel, 290 powder, compound, 290 saccharated, 406 with calomel, 2S9 cream of tartar, 289 ipecacuanha, 289 scammony, 289 


618 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Jalap, resin, 290 soap, 290 tincture, 290 compound, 290 : mixture, 291 Jamaica dogwood, 353 . tincture, 353 pepper, 351 James's powder, 124 Jamestown weed, 444 Japan varnish, 486 Jelly, almond, 487 biscuit, 487 bread, 487 calves' feet, 488 carrageen, 184 chicken, 490 Gloucester, 487 hartshorn, 207 compound, 207 
Jelly, Iceland moss, 180 male fern, 244 orange leaves, 136 pectoral, 424 rice, 346 starch, 116 tapioca, 454 Juices, inspissated, 517 Juice of dandelion, 455 Julep, alum, 102 hydrocyanic acid, 83 Juniper, 291 electuary, 292 extract, 291 infusion, 291 compound, 291 liniment, 292 mixture of oil, 292 spirit, compound, 292 
K 
Kentish ointment, 333 Kermes mineral, 120 lozenges, 120 Kermesine powder, 120 Keyser's pills, 268 Kinate of cinchonia, 192 quinia, 389 Kino, 292 electuary, 293 infusion, 293 
Kino, injection, 293 pills, compound, 293 powder, compound, 293 syrup, 293 tincture, 293 Kirkland's neutral cerate, 484 Kousso, 149 infusion, 149 Krameria, 293 
L 
Labarraque's solution, 437 Lac, 296 bleached, 296 cement, 296 sealing wax, 296 solution, aqueous, 296 ¦ varnish, 486 Lactate of iron, 237 ¦ quinia, 389 Lactic acid, 84 ¦ lemonade, 84 lozenges, 84 Lactucarium, 297 lozenges, 297 mixture, 297 pills, 297 syrup, 297 tincture, 297 Ladies' bed straw, yellow, 248 infusion, 248 wine, 248 Lady Webster's pills, 95 Lancaster black drop, 341 Lard, benzoated, 146 Larkspur, 217 tincture, 217 Lartigue's pills, 196 Laudanum, 342 Smith's, 343 Swediaur's, 344 Sydenham's, 342 Laurel, 298 oil, 298 ¦¦¦ ointment, 298 
Laurel, cherry, 298 Lavender, 299 essence, compound, 300 ointment, 300 powder, compound, 299 spirit, 299 compound, 299 tincture, ethereal, 300 water, 299 Lead, 356, 563 solder for, 485 acetate, 356 cataplasm, 357 cerate, 357 gargle, 358 Goulard's balsam, 358 liniment, 357 lotion, 357 mixture, 358 ointment, 357 pile, 357 paste, rubefacient, 356 pills, 356 plaster, 357 powder, 356 carbonate, 358 ointment, 358 camphorated, 359 plaster, 359 powder, camphorated, 358 chloride, 359 lotion, 359 ointment, 359 iodide, 359 


GENERAL INDEX. 
619 
Lead, iodide, ointment, 360 pills, 359 powder, 359 litharge, 360 — cataplasm, 360 — ¦ ¦ cerate, 360 — ¦ ointment, 360 . Banyer's, 360 ¦ compound, 360 ¦ plaster, 360 — ¦ Baynton's, 360 diapalma, 360 ¦ Gaultbier's, 360 red, 360 plaster, Nuremberg, 360 saccharate, 361 ¦ nitro, 361 — solution, 361 subacetate, 356 cataplasm, 357 cerate, 358 . collyrium, 356, 357 gargle, 357 Goulard's vegeto-mineral water, 357 injection, 357 . with lime, 358 ! liniment, 358 ¦ ointment, 358 ¦ plaster, 358 solution, 356 tannate, 361 liniment, 361 ¦ ointment, 361 Leather wood, 220 varnish for, 486 Leeching, 551 Ledoyen's disinfecting fluid, 484 Lemon, 300 collutory of juice, 300 Cologne water, 301 essence, 300 juice, artificial, 81 lozenges of juice, 300 oil, 300 spirit, 301 ¦ odoriferous, 301 syrup, 301 vinous of peel, 301 tincture, 301 water of peel, 300-489 unparalleled, 302 Lemonade, 300 barberries, 148 compound, 300 dry, 82 lactic acid, 84 phosphoric acid, 86 sulphuric acid, 87 tartaric acid, 88 with sulphate of soda, 439 Lenitive electuary, 425 Lettsom's elixir, 344 Lettuce, wild, 296 extract, 297 lactucarium, 297 lozenges, 297 mixture, 297 pills, 297 syrup, 297 tincture, 297 — thridace, 297 syrup, 297 watery, 297 mixture, 297 powder, 297 
Lettuce, mixture, with dandelion, 296 syrup, 298 tincture, 297 water, 298 mixture, 298 Lignum vitae, 257 Lime, 155 ointment, 156 water, 155 compound, 155 and carbonate of potassa, 156 milk, 156 liniment, 156 ¦ with alcohol, 156 oil, 156 opium, 156 sulphur, 156 mixture, antacid, 156 carbonate, 156 dentifrice, 157 electuary, 157 lozenges, 157 mixture, 157 compound, 157 powder, aromatic, 157 : compound, 157 with opium, 157 precipitated, 156 i prepared chalk, 156 oyster shells, 156 chlorinated, 154 collutory, 154 dentifrice, 154 injection, 155 liniment, 155 lozenges, 154 ointment, 155 preservative liquid, 154 phosphate, 157 electuary, dentifrice, 158 hartshorn, burnt, 157 powder, dentifrice, 158 syrup, 158 Linctus, gum Arabic, 77 green, 114 opiate, 344 opium, 340 sulphur, 450 white, 115 Linden, 457 infusion, 458 compound, 458 Liniments, 542 Liniment, acetate of mercury, 268 aconite root, 89 ¦ alum, 102 amber, oil of, 448 ammonia, 103 camphorated, 106 compound, 103 sulphuretted, 104 terebinthinate, 104 barytic, 143 belladonna, 146 ! cajeput oil, 329 camphor, 161 compound, 161 ethereal, 161 turpentine, 162 with vinegar, 161 camphorated ammoniacal, 106 soap, 411 cantharides, 165 aromatic, 166 soap, 165 stimulating, 16C 


620 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Liniment, cantharides, with camphor, 165 carbonate of potassa, 376 ammonia, 106 for chilblains, 141 chlorinated lime, 155 chlorine, 183 chloroform, 184 cod-liver oil, 330 colchicum and camphor, 198 cosmetic, 115 r croton oil, 335 Dippel's oil, 329 eggs, 347 flaxseed oil, 303 for milk abscess, 357 sore breasts, 156 garlic, 93 henbane, 282 horsemint, 319 hydrosulphate ammonia, 108 iodide of potassium, 366 • iodine, 285 juniper, 292 laudanum and lime water, 344 lime and sulphur, 156 water and alcohol, 156 oil, 156 opium, 156 marigold, 158 mercurial, compound, 267 opiated, 267 mercury and chalk, 265 muriatic acid, 85 mustard, 431 « nitrate of mercury, 276 nitric acid, 85 ¦ opiate, 344 opium, 339 with oil of chamomile, 339 pellitory, 385 phosphorated, 350 sal ammoniac, 109 soap, 411 spermaceti, 180 strychnia, 446 subacetate of lead, 358 succinate of ammonia, 110 sulphate of quinia, 392 ¦ sulphur and soap, 451 sulphuret of calcium, 155 carbon, 451 sodium, 432 sulphuric acid, 87 tannate of lead, 361 tartar emetic, ammoniacal, 123 turpentine, 457 — acetic, 333 oil, 333 opiated, 333 sulphuric, 333 veratria, 466 verdigris, 213 Wilkinson's, 108 Lip salve, 178, 179 Liquid glue, 482 Liquorice root, 254 extract, 254 refined, 254 lozenges, 254 with opium, 255 mixture, 255 compound, 255 paste, 254 syrup, 255 Lisbon diet drink, 413 List of incompatibles, 497 
Litharge, 360 Lithontriptics, 64 Liver of sulphur, 369 Liverwort, 262 Lobelia, 303 extract, acetic, 303 fluid, 304 infusion, 303 mixture, 303 — syrup, 304 tincture, 303 ethereal, 303 vinegar, 304 Local baths, 537 Locatelli's balsam, 142 Lockstadt's pills, 115 Logwood, 259 decoction, 259 extract, 259 electuary, 259 mixture, 260 infusion, 259 Long pepper, 352 cataplasm, 352 Lotions, 542 Lotion, anti-rheumatic, 444 Barlow's, 370 Bateman's, 270 capillary, 93 for burns, 147 chilblains, 332 hiccough, 107 toothache, 332 Granville's, 103 Goulard's, 114 hydrosulphuretted, 84 mammillary, 141 mercurial, 265 Saviard's, 372 .of acetate of lead, 357 zinc, 473 aconitine, 90 almond, compound, 113 alum, 102 ammonia, 104 ammoniated alcohol, 107 borax, 434 bromine, 149 carbonate of potassa, 376 soda, 435 Cayenne pepper, 168 cherry-laurel water, 299 chlorate of soda, 437 chloride of lead, 359 corrosive sublimate, 270 and camphor, 270 copper, 270 cosmetic, 270 creasote, 209 cyanuret of potassium, 363 galls, 248 glycerin, 254 hydrocyanic acid, 83 ioduretted potassium, 367 iodine, 285 marigold, extract of, 158 muriatic acid, 85 mustard, 430 nitrate of potassa, 380 nitric acid, 85 nux vomica, 329 orpiment, 130 oxide of zinc, 470 Peruvian bark, 190 sal ammoniac, 108 


GENERAL INDEX. 
621 
Lozenges of kermes mineral, 120 lactate of iron, 237 lactic acid, 84 lactucarium, 297 lemon juice, 300 oil, 300 liquorice, 254 and opium, 255 magnesia, 305 manna, 311 marsh mallow, 99 muriate of morphia, 322 and ipecacuanha, 322 naphthaline, 327 oxalate of potassa, 380 oxalic acid, $6 paullinia, 348 pellitory, 385 peppermint, 316 rhubarb, 396 rose, 400 Spitta's, 211 of starch, 116 tartaric acid, 88 Tronchin's gum, 77-121 of vanilla, 465 Wistar's, 255-345 Lugol's ioduretted water, 366 solution, 366 Lunar caustic, 126 Lupulin, 304 emulsion, 304 ointment, 304 pills, 304 powder, 304 syrup, 304 tincture, 304 Luting for bottles, 480 
Lotion, sulphate of copper, 215 - morphia and borax, 323 soda, 439 . sulphuret of potassium, 370 compound, 370 sodium, 432 : zinc, 475 sulphuric ether, 92 tartar emetic, 123 and camphor, 123 corrosive sublimate, 123 tobacco, 453 — veratria, 466 _ verdigris, compound, 213 Lozenges, 534 of anise, 113 balsam of tolu, 458 bicarbonate of soda, 436 borax, 433 catechu, 176 Cayenne pepper, 167 chalk, 157 charcoal, 169 . chloride of gold and sodium, 138 . chlorinated lime, 154 • cinnamon, 192 citric acid, 81 croton oil, 334 cubebs, 211 extract, 211 cyanide of gold, 139 emetine, 223 ginger, 476 gum, 76 iodide of iron, 235 potassium, 364 ipecacuanha, 287 1 and camphor, 287 Jackson's, 484 
M 
Macassar oil, 115 Mace, 305 balsam, nervine, 305 drops, carminative, 305 , oil, 305 saccharated powder, 406 tincture, 305 Maceration, 521 Mackenzie's solution, 127 Madder, 402 decoction, 402 powder, compound, 402 Magendie's solution of morphia, 323 Magnesia, 305 aperient effervescing, 309 Dinneford's fluid, 306 heavy, 305 mixture, 305 and gentian, 306 rhubarb, 306 powder and orange peel, 305 rhubarb, 305 sulphur, 305 — troches, 305 acetate, 306 bitartrate, 309 carbonate, 306 carminative, Dalby's, 306 Dewees's, 306 mixture, 306 with camphor,307 
Magnesia, carbonate, mixture with colchicum, 306 solution, 306 citrate, 307 soluble, 307 solution, 307 water, 307 phosphate, 308 sulphate, 307 Cheltenham salts, 307 clyster, 308 emulsion purgative, 308 mixture, with coffee, 308 > nitric acid, 308 Rochelle salt, 308 Seidlitz water 307 sulphuric acid 308 tartar emetic, 308 tartrate, 308 Magnesium, sulphuret, 308 syrup, 308 Magnolia, 309 tincture, 309 Mahys plaster, 359 Maidenhair, 90 infusion, 90 syrup, 90 compound, 91 


622 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Malate of Iron, 237 Male fern, 243 bolus, 244 electuary, 244 ¦ extract, ethereal, 244 pills, 244 jelly, 244 mixture, 244 oil, 244 pills, 244 powder, 244 Mallow, common, 309 decoction, 309 Malt, 309 clyster, 309 infusion, 309 Management of convalescence, 74 sick room, 65 Manganese, 309 carbonate, 309 pills, with iron, 309 iodide, 310 pills, 310 syrup, 310 . and iron, 310 muriate, 310 pills, 310 oxide, black, 310 bolus, 310 ointment, 310 compound, 310 powder, 310 phosphate, 311 sulphate, 311 Manna, 311 emulsion, 311 lozenges, 311 mixture, 311 syrup, 311 Mannite, 312 Marine glue, 482 Marjoram, 345 oil, 345 Marsh's test, 554 Marsh mallow, 98 decoction, 98 lozenges, 99 ointment, 99 paste, 99 powder, 99 syrup, 98 rosemary, 443 decoction, 443 Marigold, 158 ——— extract, 158 lotion, 158 pills, 158 infusion, 158 liniment, 158 Masterwort, 262 Mastich, 313 collutory, 313 dentifrice, 313 dinner pills, 313 paste, anti-odontalgie, 313 tincture, ethereal, 313 varnish, crystal, 313 — picture, 313 Matico, 313 decoction, 314 extract, 314 infusion, 313 1 with senna, 314 ointment, 314 syrup, 314 tincture, 314 
May apple, 361 . extract, 361 pills and podophyllin, 362 podophyllin, 361 Mayweed, 208 cataplasm, 208 infusion, 208 Meal, barley, 263 flaxseed, compound, 302 Measures, 24 approximative, 25 drops, 26 , foreign, 28 French, 27 imperial, 25 wine, 24 Medicated waters, 484-525 baths, 539 Mellites, 520 Mercury, 264-563 purified, 264 cataplasm, 267 cerate, 267 compound, 267 gargle, 265 liniment, 267 compound, 267 opiated, 267 lotion, 265 mixture, 266 mucilage, 265 ointment, 266 camphorated, 267 compound, 267 and belladonna, 267 pills, 266 and antimony, 265 colocynth, 266 jalap, 266 quinia, 266 rhubarb, 266 Abernethy's, 266 compound, 266 plaster, 267 and belladonna, 267 powder, compound, 264 acetate, 268 liniment, 268 pills, 268 with opium, 268 solution, 268 ammoniated, 268 ointment, 268 and antimony, 264 chalk, 265 liniment, 265 with ipecacuanha, 265 gum, 265 pills, with hemlock, 265 magnesia, 266 borate, 268 bromide, 268 • bibromide, 269 protobromide, 269 solution, ethereal, 269 calomel, 271 chloride, and quinia, 274 pills, 274 chloride, mild, 271 corrosive, 269 corrosive sublimate, 269 cyanuret, 274 gargle, 274 ointment, 274 pills, compound, 274 solution, 274 


623 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Mercury, cyanuret, tincture, compound, 274 — iodide, green, 275 ointment, 275 . pills, 275 ¦ compound, 275 powder, 275 red, 275 . ointment, 276 pills, 275 tincture, 276 ethereal, 276 wash, 276 nitrate, 276 acid, 276 liniment, 276 ointment, 276 with lead, 276 pills, 276 oxide, black, 277 , wash, 277 ointment, 277 pills, 277 red, 277 ointment, 277 brown, 278 with cinnabar 278 lead, 278 sulphur, 277 tin, 278 zinc, 278 pills, 277 powder, 277 phosphate, 278 pills, 278 sulphate, yellow, 278 ointment, 279 : powder, compound, 278 ¦ persulphate, 278 sulphuret, black, 279 pills, 279 ¦ powder, 279 red, 279 cerate, 280 ointment, 280 pills, 279 powder, 279 fumigating, 280 tartrate, 280 and potassa, 280 Metals, varnish for coating, 486 Method of displacement, 521 Metrical weights, 21 measures, 27 Metz's balsam, 213 Mezereon, 318 decoction, 318 compound, 318 extract, 318 oil, 318 ointment, 318 Milk, 294 anodyne, 113 arrowroot, 312 artificial, 113 asses', 491 goats', 295 cement, china, 296 chocolate, 490 coffee, 490 mixture, with suet, 295 soda water, 295 powder, 295 roses, 113, 147 sago, 407 
Milk, sugar of, 295 
draught, 296 with gum Arabio, 296 Iceland moss, 295 syrup, 295 vanilla, 466 —— whey alum, 295 - aromatic, 295 cream of tartar, 295 mustard, 295 simple, 294 tamarind, 295 vinegar, 295 wine, 295 Mindererus, spirit, 105 Mineral, Kcrmes, 120 Mint, 316, 318 Mixtures, 524 Mixture, acetate of ammonia, 105 lead, 358 morphia, 321 potassa, 373 acetic ether, 91 aconite, 90 aloes, alkaline, 97 aloetic, 97 American hellebore, 468 ammonia, 103 and ether, 103 ammoniac, 111 and nitric acid, 111 compound, 111 ammoniated alcohol, 107 iron, 229 angustura, 117 anisated ammoniated alcohol, 107 aniseed, 118 antacid, 156 anthelmintic, 130, 349 anti-emetic, 177, 436 anti-epileptic, 127 anti-otitic, 339 antimonial wine and ammoniac, 124 bittersweet, 124 — laudanum, 124 anodyne, Vicat's, 107 arseniate of potassa, 374 asparagus, diuretic, 132 assafetida, 133 ¦ and oxymel of squill, 133 tolu, 133 compound, 134 avens, 253 balsam of Peru, 141 tolu, 459 and almond emulsion, 459 belladonna, 459 copaiba, 459 morphia, 459 opium, 459 barley, 490 belladonna, 146 benzoic acid, 80 : and copaiba, 80 bicarbonate of potassa, 377 soda and copaiba, 436 bichloride of platinum, 355 biniodide of potassium, 368 bistort, 149 bitartrate of potassa, 383 bittersweet, 221 black drop, 342 hellebore, 261 boracic acid, 81 borax, 434 


624 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Mixture, borotartrate of potassa, 375 and magnesia, 375 brown, 255, 344 buckbean, 317 - diuretic, 318 1 — butter of cocoa, 152 * cabbage-tree bark, 253 camphor, 160, 161 and chloroform, 161 ether, 161 myrrh, 160 Parrish's, 160 water, 161 camphorated cough, 162 carbonate of ammonia, 106 and ginger, 106 magnesia, 306 and camphor, 307 colchicum, 306 potassa, 376 1 soda and chamomile, 434 gentian, 435 ipecacuanha, 434 quassia, 435 carburet of iron, 232 carminative, 316 carrageen, i84 caficarilla, 173 cassia pulp, 174 castor oil and ether, 332 catechu and logwood, 177 1 caustic potassa, 372 celandine, 181 centaury, 178 chalk, 1*57 compound, 157 chamomile, 119 cherry-laurel water, 299 chloride of barium, 143 —— calcium, 154 iron, 232 chlorine, 183 cider, 291 citrate of potassa and Peruvian bark, 379 cochineal and carbonate of potassa, 194 common salt, 194 cod-liver oil, 329 » ¦ colchicum, 197 and ammonia, 198 elaterium, 198 magnesia, 197 sulphate of magnesia, 197 tincture, 197 with foxglove, 197 vinegar, 198 with squill, 198 wine, 198 colocynth, 199 tincture, 200 —¦ colored fire, 482 columbo, 200 and cascarilla, 201 salep, 201 common salt and lemon juice, 432 contrayerva, 203 copaiba, 205 ¦ corrosive sublimate, 269 creasote, 208, 209 croton oil, 334 cubebs, 211 oil and copaiba, 212 cyanuret of potassium, 363 
Mixture, dandelion, 456 Dippel's oil, 329 diuretic, 349 eggs, 346 and brandy, 346 wine, 346 elaterium, 222 elder, 409 elecampane, 283 emetine, 223 ergot, 224 ergotine, 224 — errhine, 117 expectorant, 315 extract of lettuce, 297 ferrocyanuret of quinine, 388 zinc, 472 flaxseed, 302 Fowler's solution, 374 foxglove and acetate lead, 219 potassa, 219 tartaric acid, 219 expectorant, 219 tincture, 219 galbanum, 247 gamboge, 249 and elaterin, 250 gentian, 251 and sulpburio acid, 252 tincture, 252 guaiacum, 258 and bittersweet, 258 paregoric, 259 copaiba, 259 henbane, 259 odontalgic, 259 gum Arabic, 76 Wendt's, 77 hemlock and paregoric, 203 henbane, 281 and antimony, 281 squill, 282 Hope's, 160 hops, 264 horseradish, 128 hydrocyanic acid, 82 hyponitrous ether, 91 Iceland moss, 180 Indian sarsaparilla, 262 iodide of iron, 236 and chloride, syrup ot, 23T potassium, 364 and sarsaparilla, 365 iodine, 285 and arsenic, 374 '¦ iodide of potassium, 284 ipecacuanha, 288 iron, aromatic, 228 compound, 230-241 jalap, 290 tincture, 291 Kermes mineral, 121 lactate of quinia, 389 lactucarium, 297 laudanum and tartar emetic, 345 lettuce and dandelion, 296 extract, 297 water, 298 liquorice, 255 compound, 255 lobelia, 303 logwood, extract, 260 magnesia, 305 and gentian, 306 


625 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Mixture, magnesia and rhubarb, 306 , malate of iron, 237 male fern, 244 , manna, 311 , mercurial, 266 , milk and suet, 295 monesia, 319 . muriate of morphia, 322 " quinia, 389 muriatic ether, 92 musk, 324 myrrh, compound, 326 Griffith's, 326 . narcotine, 327 , neutral, 378 _ compound, 378 nitrate of ammonia, 109 potassa, 380 , nitric acid, 85 nux vomica, 328 . odontalgic, 172 oil of almonds, 114 amber, 448 anise, 118 cajeput, 329 . euphorbia, 226 juniper, 292 mole plant, 226 valerian, 464 oleaginous, 331 . olive oil, 330 , opium and cinnamon water, 341 lime water, 340 syrup of poppies, 340 pectoral, 312 Peruvian bark, 186-188-191 phosphate of soda, 438 pomegranate root, extract, 256 Prussian blue, 234 quince seed, 216 rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 398 rue, 403 and squill, 403 scammony, 417 Soudamore's, 197 sedative, 342-348 semen contra, 130 seneka, 424 senna, 427 soot, 246 spermaceti, 179 squill, syrup, 421 extract, and rhubarb, 421 oxymel and ammoniac, 421 ipecacuanha, 421 marsh mallow, 421 valerian, 421 vinegar, 421 and ammonia, 421 starch and suet, 116 stramonium, 444 strychnia, 446 subcarbonate of iron, 230 succinate of ammonia, 110 sugar of milk and gum Arabic, 296 Iceland moss, 295 sulphate of cinchonia, 192 iron, 241 magnesia and coffee, 308 . nitrio acid, 308 i ¦ Rochelle salt, 308 sulphuric acid, 308 
40 
Mixture, sulphate of magnesia and tartar emetic, 308 morphia, 323 potassa, 331 quinia, 392 and coffee, 392 zinc, 475 sulpho-tartrate of quinia, 393 sulphur, 450 sulphuret of antimony, 121 and lime, 121 carbon, 451 potassium, 371 sodium, and sal-ammoniac, 432 sulphuric ether and camphor, 93 turpentine, 93 sweet spirit of nitre, 91 tannic acid, 88 tartarized soda, 440 tartrate of potassa, 382 and ammonia, 384 tobacco, 453 ¦ turpentine, 457 oil, 332 ¦ and ether, 333 uva ursi, 462 valerianate of zinc, 475 valerian and ammonia, 464 Hoffmann's anodyne, 464 vinegar, 77 and cardamoms, 77 Virginia snakeroot, acctatcd, 429 and allspice, 429 wine of opium, 342 wormseed oil, 181 Modo of administration of medicine, 58 Molasses beer, 490 posset, 490 Mole plant, 226 mixture of oil, 226 Monesia, 319 mixture, 319 —£ ointment, 319 purified, 319 syrup, 319 compound, 319 tincture 319 Monkshood, 88 Morphia, 319 draught, 320 / injection, 320 pills, 320 acetate, 320 bolus, 320 clyster, 321 mixture, 321 ointment, 321 pills, 320 powder, compound, 320 solution, 320, 321 alcoholic, 321 with ipecacuanha, 320 syrup, 321 bimeconate, 321 : solution* 321 citrate, 321 hydriodate, 321 muriate, 321 lozenges, 322 and ipecacuanha, 322 mixture, 322 solution, 322 syrup, 322 compound, 322 nitrate, 322 


626 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Morphia, phosphate, 322 sulphate, 322 bolus, 322 lotion, 323 mixture, 323 pills, 322 solution, 323 syrup, 323 tartrate, 323 Mosaic gold, 443 Mucilage, gum Arabic, 76 mercurial, 265 rice, 346 ¦ sago, 407 salep, 487 starch, 115 tragacantb, 460 Mudar, 158 infusion, 159 oil, 159 pills, 159 Mulberries, 319 syrup, 319 rob, 319 Mulled wine, 489 Muriate of ammonia, 108 brucia, 150 cinchonia, 192 copper and ammonia, 214 manganese, 310 morphia, 321 and codeia, 195 — < narcotina, 327 opium, 341 •quinia, 389 strychnia, 447 ¦ veratria, 467 Muriatic acid, 84, 555 bath, 84 diluted, 84 ' draught, 85 gargle, 84 gaseous, 84 • liniment, 85 lotion, 85 pediluvium, 85 
Muriatic ether, 92 Musk, 323 artificial, 447 emulsion, 448 tincture, 448 bolus, 323 clyster, 324 mixture, 324 pills, 323 powder, 323 tincture, 324 Mustard, 430 cataplasm, 430 compound, 480 foot-bath, 430 gargle, 430 liniment, 431 lotion, 430 oil, fixed, 430 volatile, 431 tincture, 431 ointment, 430 compound, 430 whey, 295, 430 Mutton tea, 488 broth, 489 Myrrh, 325 collutory, 326 extract, compound, 326 gargle, 326 injection, 326 mixture, compound, 326 Griffith's, 231, 326 oil, 326 pills and Canada balsam, 325 squill, 325 sulphate of iron, 325 zinc, 325 plaster, 326 powder, emmenagogue, 325 and ipecacuanha, 325 saccharated, 406 solution, alkaline, 326 tincture, 326 and hellebore, 326 
N 
Naphthaline, 327 lozenges, 327 ointment, 327 syrup, 327 Narcotics, 72, 565 Narcotico-irritants, 566 Narcotine, 327 bolus, 327 —I mixture, 327 muriate, 327 Nervine balsam, 305 Neutral mixture, 378 New Jersey tea, 177 decoction, 177 Nicotinn, 453 Nitrate of ammonia, 109 mixture, 109 camphor, 182 iron, 238 —: mercury, 276 , acid, 276 morphia, 322 . potassa, 379 quinia, 390 
Nitrate of silver, 126 strychnia, 447 veratria, 467 Nitre, 379 cubic, 438 fused, 379 purified, 379 sweet spirit, 91 Nitric acid, 85, 556 collutory, 85 diluted, 85 fomentation, 85 liniment, 85 lotion, 85 mixture, 85 ointment, 85 Nitrous ether, 91 powders, 379 Nitro-muriatic acid, 86 bath, 86 saccharate of lead, 361 Norwood's tincture, 468 Nuremberg plaster, 360 Nutmeg, 324 


627 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Nutmeg, clyster, 325 essence, 325 _ oil, 324 . powder, anti-hectic, 325 , aromatic, 324 saccharated, 406 spirit, 325 , compound, 325 Nux vomica, 327 extract, 328 
Nux vomica, extract, pills, 328 lotion, 328 mixture, 328 pills, 328 and aloes, 328 compound, 328 powder, 327 tincture, 328 compound, 328 
o 
Oak bark, 386 . acorn coffee, 387 cataplasm, 387 confection, 387 decoction, 387 extract, 386 gargle, 387 powder, compound, 386 Oat, 140 cataplasm, 140 decoction, 140 flummery, 140 gruel, groat, 140 powder for cataplasm, 140 Oatmeal gruel, 140 . Observations on management of the sick room, 55 Officinal preparations and directions, 514 Oil of almond, 114 mixture, 115 bitter, 114 amber, 447 rectified, 447 —— anise, 118 mixture, 118 benne, 429 . benzoin, 147 black pepper, resinous, 352 volatile, 352 box, 151 cajeput, 329 cantharides, 165 caraway, 172 carron, 303 castor, 331 chlorine, 183 cinnamon, 194 cloves, 172 ¦ cod liver, 329 —; copaiba, 206 croton, 333 cubebs, 212 dittany, 212 eggs, 346 elaterium, 222 ergot, 225 euphorbium, 227 fennel, 245 figwort, 423 ginger, 476 guaiacum, 257 compound, 257 hemlock, 202, 354 horsebalm, 198 horsemint, 318 laurel, 298 macassar, 115 mace, 305 male fern, 244 marjoram, 345 mezereon, green, 318 
Oil of mudar, 159 mustard, fixed, 430 volatile, 431 myrrh, 326 nutmeg, 324 olive, 330 orange flowers, 136 parsley, 349 partridgo berry, 250 pennyroyal, 260 peppermint, 316 rose, 400 rosemary, 401 roses, 400 rue, 403 sassafifc, 416 • savine, 405 scammony, 418 soot, 246 stramonium, 445 tansy, 454 tobacco, 453 turpentine, 332 and ether, 333 honey, 332 clyster, 333 emulsion, 332 liniment, 333 acetic, 333 opiated, 333 sulphuric, 333 lotion, 332 for toothache, 332 mixture, 332 purified, 332 soap, Starkey's, 333 wine, 333 valerian, 464 violets, 468 wine, 92 wormseed, 181. wormwood, 75 essential, 76 British, 349 Dippel's, 329 distilled, 528 essential, 528 table of, 530 fixed, 533 phosphorated, 350 volatile, 528 Ointments, 544 Ointment, ammoniacal, 106 Gondret's, 106 Anglo-Saxon, 102 anodyne, 339 arsenical, 80 Banyer's, 360 basilicon, 393 citrine, 276 Egyptian, 213 


628 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Ointment, for chilblains, 102 issue, 166 itch, 412 Kentish, pile, 103, Rust's, 102 sultana, 180 of acetate of lead, 357 morphia, 321 aconite, 89 ammoniated, 90 . aconitine, 90 aloes, 98 alum, 102 American hellebore, 468 ammoniated copper, 214 animal charcoal, 168 1 — arseniate of iron, 230 azedaracb, 140 balsam of Peru, 142 compound, 142 belladonna, 146 bichloride of platinum, 355 biuiodidc of potassium, 368 and opium, 368 black hellebore, 261 ' oxide of mercury, 277 — pepper, 352 pitch, 355 borax, 434 bromide of iron, 23QJP potassium, 362 compound,362 sodium, 431 ¦ butter cocoa, 152 calomel, 273 and acetate of copper, 273 alum, 273 < camphor, 274 squill, 273 camphor, 161 ¦ cantharides, 165 ¦ carbonate of ammonia, 106 lead, 358 ¦ camphorated, 359 potassa, 377 soda, 435 carburet of iron, 232 carrot, 171 cevadilla, 404 ¦ extract, 404 charcoal, 169 ¦ cherry-laurel, 299 chloride of antimony, 119 gold, 137 and sodium, 138 ¦ lead, 359 chlorinated lime, 155 chlorine, 183 cocculus indicus, 194 cod liver oil, 330 ¦ compound, 330 common salt, 432 compound, 432 cowhage, 324 creasote, 209 compound, 209 croton oil, 335 cucumber, 212 cyanide of silver, 126 — cyanuret of mercury, 274 potassium, 363 delphinia, 217 elder flowers, 409 leaves, 409 elemi, 222 
Ointment of fennel, 245 figwort, 423 foxglove, 219 fuligokali, 246 galls, 249 compound, 249 extract, 249 glycerin, 254 gold, 137 hemlock, 202 henbane, 282 compound, 282 hops, 264 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 369 hydriodate of ammonia, 108 iodide of arsenic, 129 barium, 143 carbon, 170 iron, 237 lead, 360 mercury, 275 potassium, 365 and )pium, 365 ' mercury, 365 morphia, 366 silver, 126 sulphur, 452 zinc, 472 iodine, 285 compound, 285, 368 with mercury, 285 oil of tobacco, 283 laudanum, 344 laurel, 298 lavender, 300 lead, 360 compound, 360 lime, 156 lupulin, 304 marsh mallow, 99 matico, 314 -> mercurial, 266 camphorated, 267 compound, 267 and belladonna, 267 of mezereon, 318 monesia, 319 mustard, 430 compound, 430 naphthaline, 327 nitrate of bismuth, 148 mercury, 276 and lead, 276 _ silver, 127 compound, 127 strychnia, 447 nitric acid, 85 opium and tar, 340 oxide of antimony, 119 manganese, 310 — 1 and sulphur, 310 silver, 126 zinc, impure, 470 petroleum, 349 phosphorated, 350 of pierotoxin, 194 poke, 351 Prussian blue, 234 red iodide of mercury, 276 oxide of mercury, 277 and basilicon, 278 « cinnabar, 278 lead, 278 


629 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Ointment of red oxide of mercury and sulphur, 277 , tin, 278 . zinc, 278 , sulphuret of mercury, 280 rhatany, compound, 294 . rose water, 399 , saffron, 210 . . savine, 405 soot, 246 compound, 246 , spermaceti, 179 and rose water, 179 squill, 422 . stavesacre, 443 . stramonium, 445 . strychnia, 446 1 subacetate of lead, 358 sulphate of cadmium, 153 copper, 216 ¦ mercury, 279 • quinia, 392 . sulphur, 450 and camphor, 451 — soap, 451 zinc, 451 ¦ compound, 450 . sulphuret of antimony, 120 potassium, 371 •• sodium, 432 sulphuric acid, 87 ¦ tannate of lead, 361 tannic acid, 88 tar, 355 compound, 355 tartar emetic, 123 compound, 123 tin, 442 tobacco, 453 turpentine, 457 compound, 457 tutty, 470 veratria, 466 and iodine, 467 opium, 467 verdigris, 213 white hellebore, 467 : compound, 467 white precipitate, 268 wild indigo, 142 willow leaves, 408 zinc, oxide, 470 and calomel, 471 opium, 470 Oleaginous mixture, 331 Oleo-saccharated powders, 406 Olive oil, 330 clyster, 330 mixture, 330 Onguent de la mere, 360 Opiate, anti-dysenteric, 339 Opium, 335, 565 balsam, 339 cerate, 340 clyster, 340 collyrium, 340 confection, 338 — draught, anodyne, 344 drops, 339 elixir, 336 Lettsom's, 344 extract, acetous, 335 alcoholic, 336 1 aqueous, 335 aqueo-aicoholic, 335 ¦ denarcotized, 336 
Opium, extract, fermented, 336 roasted, 336 vinous, 336 Godfrey's cordial, 343 fomentation, 340 injection, 340 linctus, 340, 344 liniment, 339 with oil of chamomile, 339 lozenges, Wistar's, 345 mass, anti-odontalgic, 338 mixture, anti-otitic, 339 brown cough, 344 with cinnamon water, 341 lime water, 340 syrup of poppies, 340 sedative, 342 muriate, 341 ointment, 339 and tar, 340 pills, 337, 343 aromatic, 337 with acetate of lead, 33.8 mercury, 338 butter of cocoa, 337 camphor, 337 castor, 338 foxglove, 337 hemlock and calomel, 338 * henbane, 337 * — liquorice, 338 musk, 337 nitrate of silver, 338 soap, 343 tartar emetic, 122 sulphate of zinc, 338 sulphuret of antimony, 337 plaster, 339 with camphor, 339 powder, compound, with chalk, 336 Dover's, 286 eclectic, 345 roasted, 336 with antimony, 337 camphor, 337 musk, 337 nitre, 337 sulphur, 337 suppository, 340 syrup, 340 succinated, 340 tincture, 342 acetated, 342 ammoniated, 343 and soap, 343 tartar emetic, 345 Bateman's, 343 Battley's, 343 camphorated, 343 clyster, 344 and valerian, 344 compound, 343 liniment, 344 and lime water, 344 ¦ ointment, 344 Smith's 343 succinated, 343 Swediaur's 344 Warner's, 344 vinegar, or black drop, 341 Guy's hospital, 341 Houlton's, 341 Lancaster, 341 mixture, 342 Porter's, 341 i Rousseau's, 341 


630 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Opium, water, 341 wine, 342 1 collyrium, 342 drops, odontalgic, 342 fomentation, 342 mixture, 342 Sydenham's, 342 Opodeldoc, liquid, 104, 411 Steer's, 104 Opoponax, 345 emulsion, 345 tincture, 345 compound, 345 Orange, 135 flowers, 136 confection, 136 oil, 136 pastilles, 136 syrup, 136 water, 136 leaves, 136 electuary, 136 jelly, 136 peel, 135 confection, 135 electuary, 135 elixir, 135 infusion, compound, 135 powder, with rhubarb, 135 spirit, 135 
Palamoud, 151 Panada, 487 chicken, 489 Paregoric, elixir, 343 Scotch, 343 Paraguay-roux, 385 Pareira brava, 348 > decoction, 348 extract, 348 infusion, 348 tincture, 348 Parrish's camphor mixture, 160 Parsley, 349 infusion, 349 oil, 349 Partridge-berry, 250 oil, 250 water, 250 Pastes, 534 Paste, almond, 112 chloride of zinc, 471 cocoa, compound, 152 copaiba, 206* de guimauve, 76 fig, 243 glycerin, 254 liquorice, 254 marshmallow, 99 anti-odontalgic, 313 pectoral, of gum Arabic, 76 phosphorus, 350 tragacanth, 460 rubefacient, 356 Ward's, 352 Pastilles, catechu, 177 de Paris, 485 de sante, 418 fumigating, 147 orange flowers, 136 purgative, 418 vinegar, 77 
Orange peel, syrup, 136 tincture, 135 Orgeat, syrup of, 113 Oriental pills, 337 water, 376 Orpiment, 130 depilatory, 130 lotion, 130 powder, 130 Orris root, 289 dentifrice, 289 Oxalate of potassa, 380 Oxalic acid, 86, 556 lozenges, 86 Oxide, antimony, nitro-muriatio, 119 gold, 139 iron, hydrated, 238 lead, 360 manganese, 310 mercury, 277 silver, 126 tin, 443 zinc, 470 Oxymel, 314 bitartrate of potassa, 383 colchicum, 197 elecampane, compound, 284 squill, 422 Oyster-shell, prepared, 156 
P 
Paullinia, 348 chocolate, 348 extract, alcoholic, 348 lozenges, 348 pills, 348 syrup, 348 Pearson's solution, 433 Pediluvium, mustard, 430 muriatic acid, 85 Pellitory, 385 extract, 385 liniment, 385 lozenges, 385 plaster, 385 tincture, 385 compound, 385 Pennyroyal, 260 infusion, 260 oil, 260 Pepper, black, 351 cubebs, 210 long, 352 Jamaica, 351 white, 351 Peppermint, 316 essence, 316 lozenges, 316 mixture, 316 oil, 316 spirit, 316 water, 316 Persimmon, 220 infusion of bark, 220 wine of fruit, 220 Persulphate of mercury, 278 Peruvian bark, 185 beer, 191 cataplasm, 190 cerate, 190 clyster, 190 decoction of yellow, 187 


GENERAL INDEX. 
631 
Peruvian bark, decoction of, compound, 188 mixture, 188 . with cascarilla, 188 rhatany, 188 electuary, 1S9 astringent, 189 with catechu, 189 cloves, 189 iron, 189 . sulphur, 189 tin, 189 extract, 187 fluid, 187 bolus, 187 pills, 187 vinous, 187 gargle, 190 infusion of yellow, 188 . compound, 188, 189 —i with limowater, 188 magnesia, 188 ¦ snakeroot, 188 valerian, 188 lotion, 190 . mixture, 186,191 pomatum, 190 powder, compound, 185 dentifrice, 186 with arnica, 186 camphor, 186 cascarilla, 186 isinglass, 186 valerian, 186 saccharated, 406 salt, 187 syrup, 191 compound, 191 tincture, 189 compound, 189 ammoniated, 190 with cantharides, 190 gentian, 190 snakeroot, 190 valerian, 190 wine, 191 and calamus, 191 iron, 191 Petroleum, 349 anthelmintic mixture, 349 British oil, 349 diuretic mixture, 349 embrocation, 349 * ointment, 349 plaster, 349 Pewter, solder for, 485 Pharmaceutical names; table of, 503 Phloridzine, 350 powder, 350 Phosphate of ammonia, 109 solution, 109 iron, 240 lime, 157 manganese, 311 magnesia, 308 mercury, 278 morphia, 322 quinia, 390 soda, 438 Phosphoric acid, 86 diluted, 86 fomentation; 86 lemonade, 86 ¦ pills, 86 tincture of myrrh, 86 Phosphorated ether, 350 ¦ liniment, 350 
Phosphorated oil, 350 turpentine, 350 ointment, 350 Phosphorus, 350, 564 cerate, 350 paste, 350 Picrotoxin, 194 Pills, 515 Abernethy's, 266 acetate of copper, 213 lead, 356 mercury, 268 and opium, 268 morphia, 320 polassa, compound, 373 soda, compound, 43 j aconite, extract, 89 agaric and opium, 149 aloes, 94 and assafetida, 94 blue mass, 96 iron, 94 myrrh, 94 rhubarb, 96 Anderson's, 95 antichlorotic, 96 aperient, 94, 96 Barthez's, 96 Bicker's, 96 Chapman's anti-dyspeptic, 94 compound, 94 dinner, 313 Duchesne's, 96 Frank's, 96 Fuller's, 95 Griffitt's, 96 James's analeptic, 95 Hooper's, 95, 241 Lady Webster's, 95 Mitchell's, 95 Morrison's, 95 Peters's, 95 Pitschaft's eccoprotic, 96 llufus's, 94 Speediman's, 95, 395 splenitic, 95 Whytt's, 96 alum, 100 and benzoic acid, 101 astringent, 101 American hellebore, 468 ammoniac, 110 and rhubarb, 111 compound, 111 De Haen's, 111 Klein's, 111 ammoniated copper, 214 compound, 214 gold, 139 iron, 229 anemone, 116 antibilious, 199, 273 antimonial powder and calomel, 124 arseniate of iron, 229 arsenic and opium, 80 • pepper 80 arsenical, 80 assafetida, 132 and aloes, 134 lactucarium, 132 i r0I1( 132 musk, 133 opium, 133 Bacher's, 261 balsam of Peru, 141 belladonna, compound, 145 


632 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Pills, belladonna and camphor, 145 bichloride of platinum, 355 • bittersweet, extract, 221 black hellebore, 261 extract of, 261 black oxido of mercury, 277 iron, 239 pitch, 355 Bland's antichlorotic, 240 bloodroot, 409 blue, or mercurial, 266 and colocynth, 266 jalap, 266 quinine, 266 rhubarb, 266 compound, 266 borotartrate of potassa, compound, 374 bromide of iron, 230 brucia, 150 buckbean, compound, 317 burgundy pitch, 354 calomel, 272 and acetate of lead, 272 antimony, 273 catechu, 272 colocynth, 273 dandelion, 272 guaiacum, 273 iron, 272 jalap, 273 opium, 273 quinine, 272 squill, 272 compound, 272 cathartic, 273 camphor, 159 compound, 159 and lactucarium, 159 musk, 159 cantharides and capsicum, 163 iron, 163 carbonate of ammonia, 106 iron, 230 compound, 231 and manganese, 309 soda, 435 carburet of iron, 232 castor, 174 and succinic acid, 174 catechu and alum, 176 liquorice, 176 cathartic, compound, 199, 273 Cayenne pepper, 167 celandine, 181 centaury, extract, 178 chamomile, compound, 119 chloride of barium, 142 calcium, 154 gold, 137 and sodium, 138 mercury and quinia, 274, 389 silver and ammonia. 125 citrate of caffein, 195 colchicum, 196 compound, 196 colocynth, compound, 199 and henbane, 199 columbo, compound, 200 copaiba, 204 and cubebs, 204 ¦ and turpentine, 204 —— corrosive sublimate, 269 . compound, 269 ¦ creasote, 208 croton oil, 333 ' compound, 334 
Pills, croton oil, and blue mass, 334 quinia, 334 cyanuret of gold, 139 zinc, 472 mercury, compound, 274 potassium, 363 dandelion, 455 and blue mass, 456 digitalin, 220 dinner, 313 dogwood, round-leaved, 208 elaterium, 222 elecampane, compound, 283 ergot, extract of, 225 compound, 224 ferrocyanate of quinia, 388 ferrocyanuret of zinc, compound, 472 foxglove, 218 and squill, 218 fuligokali, sulphuretted, 246 galbanum, compound, 247 gallic acid, 82 gamboge, compound, 249 gentian, compound, 250 gentianin, 252 guaiacum and aloes, 258 antimony, 258 .— sulphur, 258 . turpentine, 258 hemlock and calomel, 202 dandelion, 202 ipecacuanha, 202 henbane, compound, 281 '- — and ipecacuanha, 281 opium, 281 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 368 iodide of arsenic, 129 calcium, 155 iron, 235 lead, 359 manganese, 310 ¦ mercury, 275 compound, 275 potassium, 364 iodine, 284 indigo, 283 ipecacuanha and centaury, 287 foxglove, 2S7 opium, 287 squill, 287 iron, prepared, 228 jalap and calomel, 290 compound, 290 Keyser's, 268 kinate of quinia, 389 kino, compound, 293 lactate of iron, 237 quinia, 389 lactucarium, 297 Lartigue's, 196 Lockstadt's, 115 lupulin, 304 male fern, extract, 244 oil, 244 marigold, extract, 158 mercury and antimony, 265 gum, with hemlock, 265 morphia, 320 mudar, 159 muriate of manganese, 310 musk, 323 myrrh and Canada balsam, 325 squill, 325 sulphate of iron, 325 zinc, 325 nitrate of bismuth, 148 


633 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Pills, nitrate of potassa, 379 and camphor, 380 silver, 126 nux vomica, 328 and aloes, 328 . compound, 328 extract, 328 opium, 337 and acetate of lead, 338 mercury, 338 - butter of cacao, 337 camphor, 337 . castor, 338 . foxglove, 337 hemlock and calomel, 338 henbane, 337 liquorice, 338 musk, 337 nitrate of silver, 338 sulphate of zinc, 338 sulphuret antimony, 337 aromatic, 337 oxide, black, of iron, 239 gold, 139 red, of iron, 239 silver, 126 zinc, 470 compound, 470 paullinia, 348 Peruvian bark, extract, 187 phosphate of mercury, 278 phosphoric acid, 86 piperine, 353 and mercury, 353 pipsissewa, 182 Plummer's, 272 podophyllin, compound, 362 and iron, 362 and may apple, 362 poison oak, 460 proto-nitratc of mercury, 276 Prussian blue, 234 red iodide of mercury, 275 oxide of mercury, 277 rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 395 compound, 395 and caraway, 395 chamomile, 395 ipecacuanha, 395 iron, 396 ox-gall, 396 soda, 396 saffron, 210 sagapenum, compound, 406 salicine, 407 compound, 407 savine, 405 scammony, 417 and ox-gall, 417 compound, 417 seneka, 423 senna, 425 soap, 411 and ox-gall, 411 compound, 343, 411 soda and ipecacuanha, 435 rhubarb, 435 soot, 245 squill and ammoniac, 419 calomel, 419 croton oil, 419 ipecacuanha, 419 henbane, 419 compound, 419 ¦ storax, 445 
Pills, stramonium, 444 compound, 444 strychnia, 446 stimulant, 446 sulphate of bebeerine, 144 cinchonia, 192 copper, 215 and opium, 215 compound, 216 iron, 240 1 and rhubarb, 240 compound, 240 morphia, 322 potassa, 381 quinia, 391 compound, 391 with gentian, 391 soda, compound, 439 zinc, 474 compound, 474 with myrrh, 474 — turpentine, 474 sulphuret of antimony, 120 and lime, 121 calcium, compound, 155 mercury, black, 279 red, 279 potassium, 369 compound, 369 tannic acid, 87 and opium, 87 tansy, 454 tar, 354 tartar emetic and camphor, 122 guaiacum, 122 opium, 122 tobacco, 452 turpentine, 456 and guaiacum, 456 jalap, 456 magnesia, 456 myrrh, 456 rhubarb, 456 valerian, compound, 46<J valerianate of quinia, 393 zinc, 475 veratria, 466 and henbane, 466 Virginia snakeroot, compound, 428 Pimento, 351 Pink, 217 syrup, 217 Pinkroot, 440 and calomel, 440 savine, 440 extract, fluid, 441 1 compound, 441 —¦ infusion, 440 compound, 441 Piperine, 352 pills, 353 and mercury, 353 tincture, 353 Pipsissewa, 181 :— beer, 182 — '¦ decoction, 182 compound, 182 extract, 182 pills, 182 syrup, 182 Pitch, black, 355 ointment, 355 plaster, 355 Burgundy, 353 cerate, 354 pills, 354 


634 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Pitch, Burgundy, plaster, 353 aromatic, 353 compound, 354 Canada, 354 Plasters, 545 Plaster, acetate of lead, 357 aconite, 89 adhesive, 394 Baynton's, 360 ammonia, 104 ammoniac, 112 with hemlock, 112 ¦ mercury, 112 assafetida, 134 balsam of Peru, 142 belladonna, 146 biniodide of potassium, 368 black pepper, 352 pitch, 355 Burgundy pitch, 353 cantharides, 166 : camphorated, 166 compound, 166 odontalgic, 166 carbonate of ammonia, 106 lead, 359 zinc, 474 — — carburet of iron, 232 castor, compound, 175 cinnamon, spice, 194 clove, 172 court, 282 blistering, 166 croton oil, 335 cumin, 216 diapalma, 360 elemi, cautery, 223 euphorbium, 227 foxglove, 219 galbanum, 247 compound, 247 Gaulthier's, 360 gum, 112 hemlock, 202 compound, 202 iodine, 285 ioduretted potassium, 368 iron, 231 lead, 360 Mahy's, 359 mercurial, 267 and belladonna, 267 myrrh, 326 Nuremberg, 360 opium, 339 and camphor, 339 pellitory, 385 petroleum, 349 pitch, 353 aromatic, 353 compound, 354 red oxide of iron, 239 resin, 394 soap, 412 spice, 194-477 St. Andrew's, 394 subacetate of lead, 358 sulphate of quinia, 392 sulphuret of antimony and lime, 121 potassium, compound, 371 tartar emetic, 123 turpentine, 457 compound, 457 verdigris, 213 vigo with mercury, 394 warming, 353 
Plaster, wax, 178 Platina, 355 bichloride, 355 mixture, 355 ointment, 355 pills, 355 Pleurisy root, 131 infusion, 131 Plummer's alterative, 271 pills, 272 Podophyllin, 361 pills, compound, 362 and iron, 362 may apple, 362 Poids de Marc, 20 Poison-oak, 460 extract, 460 pills, 460 tincture, 460 Poison for rats, &c, 480 Poisons, 553 Poke, 350 ointment of, 351 tincture, 351 Polygalic acid, 424 Pomatum, 485 cantharides, 166 Peruvian bark, 190 Pomegranate, 256 bolus of root, 256 decoction of rind, 256 root, 256 extract of root, 256 electuary, 256 mixture, 256 gargle of rind, 256 injection of rind, 256 Pommade epispastique au garou, 318 Poppy heads, 347 decoction, 347 extract, 347 injection, sedative, 348 mixture, sedative, 348 syrup, 347 substitute for, 347 pectoral, 347 red, 399 Portland powder, 178 Posological table, 496 Posset, molasses, 490 sago, 407 Potassa, 371, 558 acetate, 372 scillitic, 372 bolus, 372 conserve, 373 liquid, 373 mixture, 373 mixture, 373 pills, compound, 373 tincture, 373 arseniate, 374 mixture, 374 arsenite, solution, 373 bicarbonate, 377 effervescing powders, 377 solution, 377 mixture, 377 bichromate, 561 bisulphate, 381 disinfecting powder, 382 bitartrate, 382 dentifrice, 382 electuary, 383 imperial drink, 383 mixture, 383 


635 
GENERAL INDEX. 
potassa, bitartrate, oxymel, 383 powder, 3S3 solution, 383 compound, 383 borate, 374 borotartrate, 374 and magnesia, 375 — mixture, 375 mixture, 375 pills, compound, 374 powder, 374 solution, 375 carbonate, 375 and ammonia, 377 . collutory, 376 collyrium, 375 . emulsion, 376 fomentation, 376 , liniment, 376 lotion, 376 mixture, 376 ¦ ointment, 377 • powder, 375 1 pure, 375 solution, 375 ' — tincture, 376 compound, 377 caustic, 371 . collyrium, 372 ¦ injection, 372 lotion, stimulant, 372 mixture, 372 solution, 372 lithontriptic, 372 chlorate, 378 powder, 378 ¦ compound, 378 Stephens's saline, 378 solution, 378 citrate, 378 effervescing draught, 378 mixture, 379 solution, 378 compound, 378 iodate, 379 syrup, 379 nitrate, 379 emulsion, 380 fused, 379 gargle, 380 * lotion, 380 mixture, 380 pills, 379 with camphor, 380 powder, 379 with camphor, 379 orris root, 379 1 squill, 379 nitrate, purified, 379 oxalate, 380 lozenges, 380 powder, 380 silicate, 381 soluble glass, 381 solution, 381 sulphate, 381 and ammonia, 382 magnesia, 382 sulphur, 382 draught, 381 mixture, 381 — ; pills, 381 —¦ powder, compound, 381 and rhubarb, 381 tartrate, 382 and ammonia, 383 
Potassa, tartrate, and ammonia, mixture, 384 1 —— solution, 384 mixture, 382 powder, and rhubarb, 382 with lime, 372 solution, 372 Potassium, 362 ioduretted, 366 bath, 367 collyrium, 367 injection, 367 lotion, compound, 367 mixture, 368 ointment, 368 and opium, 368 plaster, 368 solution, compound, 367 caustic, 367 syrup, 367 tincture, compound, 367 water, 366 Lugol's, 366 bromide, 362 ointment, 362 compound, 362 solution, 362 chloride, 362 solution, 363 cyanuret, 363 lotion, 363 mixture, 363 ointment, 363 pills, 363 solution, 363 syrup, 363 hydrargyro-iodide, 368 ointment, 369 pills, 368 solution, 368 tincture, 368 iodide, 364, 562 and sarsaparilla, 365 injection, 364 liniment, 366 lozenges, 364 mixture, 364 ointment, 365 and mercury, 365 morphia, 366 opium, 365 pills, 364 plaster, 366 .soap, 366 solution, 364 syrup, 365 sulpho-cyanuret, 369 sulphuret, 369 and cream of tartar, 369 bath, 371 bolus, 369 electuary, 370 ferro-sulphuret 369 hyposulphited, 369 syrup, 370 ' injection, 371 lotion, 370 ! compound, 370 mixture, 371 ointment, 371 pills, 369 compound. 369 plaster, compound, 371 soap, 371 solution, 370 


636 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Potassium, ferro-sulphuret, syrup, 370 compound, 370 tincture, 370 water, 370 Potato, wild, 204 Potion of carbonate of ammonia, 105 Poudre subtile, 130 Poultices, 541 Powders, 514 compound, 514 effervescing, 88 nitrous, 379 oleo-saccharated, 406 saccharated, 406 simple, 514 Powder, acetate of lead, 356 morphia, compound, 320 aconite, compound, 89 agaric, 149 and opium, 149 algaroth, 119 almond, 112 aloes, 94 and canella, 94,162 compound, 94 ¦ emmenagogue, 94 alum, 100 escharotic, 100 ammoniated copper and belladonna, 214 iron, 229 animal charcoal, 168 anthracokali, 169 compound, 169 antihectic, 325 ¦ antimonial, 124 arnica, compound, 128 aromatic, 170, 324 arsenical, 80 arsenic, compound, 80 asarabacca, 131 avens, compound, 253 • belladonna, 144 and rhubarb, 145 benzoic acid and ipecacuanha, 80 benzoin, 147 bicarbonate of potassa, 377 soda and magnesia, 436 bismuth, compound, 148 bitartrate of potassa, 383 black oxide of iron, 239 sulphuret of mercury, 279 borax, compound, 433 borotartrate of potassa, 374 bronze, 443 burnt sponge, 442 compound, 442 calomel and antimony, 271 jalap, 271 foxglove, 271 nitrate of potassa, 271 opium, 271 gamboge, 271 pinkroot, 272 -— antimony and henbane, 271 jalap and rhubarb, 271 camphor, 159 • compound, 159 cantharides and camphor, 163 ¦ savine, 163 capuchin, 404 carbonate of lead, camphorated, 358 potassa, 375 soda, effervescing, 436 and mercury, 435 rhubarb, 435 
Powder, carburet of iron, 232 cascarilla, compound, 173 castor, compound, 174 catechu, compound, 176 cevadilla, compound, 404 chalk, aromatic, 157 compound, 157 with opium, IST charcoal and quassia., 16S chlorate of potassa, 373 chloride of barium, 142 gold, 137 and sodiuc, 137 silver, 125 cinnamon, compound, 192 cocoa, compound, 151 colocynth, compound, 199 columbo and iron, 200 magnesia, 200 tartrate of iron, 20« common salt and cochineal, 431 ¦ compound, 431 'contrayerva, compound, 203 coriander, compound, 206 corrosive sublimate and copper, 2t)J zinc, 269 cubebs, 210 and alum, 210 ergot, 210 hemlock, 210 cyanide of gold, 138 disinfecting, 382 Dover's, 286 eclectic, 345 emmenagogue, 325 ergot, compound, 224 extract of lettuce, 297 fennel, compound, 244 foxglove, 217 fumigating, 147, 280, 447 galls, compound, 248 gamboge, compound, 249 gentian, compound, 250 ginger beer, 436 gold, 136 golden sulphuret of antimony, 121 guaiacum, compound, 258 hasmostatic, 393 hedge hyssop, 257 ' hemlock, 201 henbane, compound, 281 horse-chestnut, compound, 262 indigo, 283 — iodide of barium, 143 lead, 359 mercury, 275 sulphur, 452 ipecacuanha and antimony, 286 calomel, 286 carbonate of soda, 286 muriate of ammonia, 286 myrrh, 287 nitre, 286 opium, 286 rhubarb, 286 tartar emetic, 286 tragacanth, 287 jalap and calomel, 289 cream of tartar, 289 ipecacuanha, 289 scammony, 289 compound, 290 James's, 124 kermesine, 120 compound, 120 


637 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Powder, kino, compound, 293 lavender, compound, 299 lupulin, 304 madder, compound, 402 magnesia and orange peel, 305 rhubarb, 305 sulphur, 305 male fern, 244 marsh mallow, 99 mercurial, compound, 264 metallic iron, 227 compound, 228 milk, 295 musk, 323 myrrh and ipecacuanha, 325 nitrate of potassa and camphor, 379 orris root, 379 squill, 379 ¦ — compound, 379 nux vomica, 327 oak bark, compound, 386 opium and antimony, 337 camphor, 337 chalk, compound, 336 musk, 337 nitre, 337 sulphur, 337 roasted, 336 orange peel and rhubarb, 135 ¦ orpiment, 130 oxalate of potassa, 380 oxido of gold, 139 manganese, 310 Peruvian bark, and arnica, 186 camphor, 186 cascarilla, 186 isinglass, 186 ¦ valerian, 186 compound, 1S5 phloridzine, 350 . phosphate of soda, compound, 438 pinkroot and calomel, 440 savine, 405, 440 Portland, 178 Prussian blue, 234 compound, 234 red oxide of mercury, 277 ¦ sulphuret of mercury, 279 rhatany, compound, 293 rhubarb and chalk, 395 magnesia, 394 sulphate of potassa, 395 compound, 395 sal ammoniac, 108 salicin, compound, 407 ¦ saline, compound, 307 Stevens's, 378 ¦ —-— santonine, 130 sarsaparilla and Peruvian bark, 413 savine and ginger, 405 : — pinkroot, 405, 440 Spanish flies, 405 verdigris, 405 scammony and cream of tartar, 417 soot, 417 compound, 417 Seidlitz, 440 semen contra, 130 seneka, compound, 423 senna, and guaiacum, 425 compound, 425 soap, cosmetic, 410 —¦ spermaceti, compound, 179 squill and calomel, 418 cream of tartar, 418 ipecacuanha, 418 
Powder, squill and nitre, 418 sulphur, 418 compound, 418 starch, compound, 115 strychnia, compound, 446 subcarbonate of iron, 230 subnitrate of bismuth, 148 sulphate of copper, 215 compound, 215 iron, 240 mercury, compound, 278 potassa, and rhubarb, 381 compound, 381 quinia, 390 and morphia, 390 soda, 390 1 tartar emetic, 39S tartaric acid, 390 compound, 390 soda and opium, 439 nitre, 438 tartar emetic, 438 sulphur and antimony, 449 camphor, 449 cream of tartar, 449 liquorice, 449 magnesia, 449 orris root, 449 compound, 449 sulphuret of tin, 443 tartar emetic, 122 and ipecacuanha, 122 1 phosphate lime, 122 — quinine, 122 compound, 122 tartarized soda and rhubarb, 439 tartrate of iron and columbo, 242 effervescent, 242 potassa and rhubarb, 382 tin, 442 tobacco, 452 tormentil, 459 tragacanth, compound, 460 uva ursi, compound, 462 valerian, compound, 463 verdigris and savine, 212 wild ipecacuanha, 226 willow bark, compound, 407 white hellebore, 467 zinc, oxide, 470 and columbo, 470 compound, 470 ; cyanuret, 472 i ferro-cyanuret, 472 Precipitation, 515 Preservative liquid, 154 I Pressavin's vegeto-mercurial liquor, 280 Prickiy ash, 469 decoction, 469 Pride of China, 140 Process for coating pills, 485 Proof spirit, 34 Prophylactic vinegar, 79 Proper use of utensils, 59 Prunes, 384 pulp, 384 Prussian blue, 234 ink, 234 mixture, 234 ointment, 234 pills, 234 powder, 234 compound, 234 Prussic acid, 82, 555 


638 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Pudding, arrowroot, 312 tapioca, 454 Pulp of purging cassia, 173 tamarinds, 453 °ulps, 519 Purging cassia, 173 Purified animal charcoal, 168 
Purple of Cassius, 139 Putty, 485 Pyroligneous acid, 79 cataplasm, 79 injection, 79 mouth wash, 79 
Quassia, 386 extract, 386 infusion, 386 compound, 386 tincture, 386 compound, 389 wine, 386 Queen's root, 443 decoction, 444 Quiet in sick room, 57 Quince seed, 216 bandoline, 216 decoction, 216 mixture, 216 Quinia, 387 amorphous, 387 impure, 387 tincture, 387 tincture, 387 acetate, 387 and chloride mercury, 389 pills. 389 arseniate, 387 arsenite, 388 di-arsenlte, 388 citrate, 388 and iron, 233 syrup, 388 fierro-cyanate, 388 mixture, 388 pills, 388 hydriodate, 388 iodide, 388 with iron, 388 bin-iodide, 388 ioduretted hydriodate, 389 kinate, 389 pills, 389 lactate, 389 
Q 
Quinia, lactate, mixture, 389 pills, 389 syrup, 389 muriate, 389 mixture, 389 nitrate, 390 phosphate, 390 sulphate, 390 dentifrice, 392 enema, 392 gargle, 392 liniment, 392 mixture, 392 with coffee, 392 ointment, 392 pills, 391 and gentian, 391 compound, 391 plaster, 392 powder, 390 and morphia, 390 soda, 390 tartar emetic 390 tartaric acid, 390 compound, 390 syrup, 391 and coffee, 391 tincture, 392 compound, 392 wine, 392 aromatic, 392 sulpho-tartrate, 392 mixture, 393 tannate, 393 impure, 393 tartrate, 393 valerianate, 393 pills, 393 
R 
Racahout, 151 Rat poison, 350, 480 Ratafia of wormwood, 76 Reaumur's thermometer, 42 Red cedar, 292 cerate, 292 ink, 483 iodide of mercury, 275 lead, 360 oxide of iron, 239 mercury, 277 poppy, 399 infusion, 399 ¦ compound, 399 syrup, 399 precipitate, 277 roses, 400 saunders, 410 sulphuret of mercury, 279 
Refrigerants, 72 Reinsch's test, 554 Resin, 393 cerate, 393 compound, 394 hemp, 163 jalap, 290 plaster, 394 St. Andrew's, 394 vigo with mercury, 394 powder, haemostatic, 393 scammony, 417 Rhatany, 293 clyster, 294 collutory, 294 dentifrice, 293 electuary, 294 extract, 293 infusion, 294 


GENERAL INDEX. 
639 
Rhatany, injection, 294 mixture, 294 ointment, compound, 294 pills, 294 . powder, compound, 293 . syrup, 294 — tincture, 294 Rhubarb, 394 . electuary, 396 extract, 396 fluid, 396 with senna, 396 infusion, 396 alkaline, 396 lozenges, 396 mixture, 398 pills, 395 compound, 395 and aloes, 96 . caraway, 395 ¦ chamomile, 395 ipecacuanha, 395 — iron, 396 oxgall, 396 soda, 396 powder and chalk, 395 magnesia, 394 sulphate of potassa, 395 compound, 395 saccharated, 406 roasted, 395 suppository, 396 syrup, 397 aromatic, 397 and senna, 397 tincture, 397 alkaline,-398 ¦ sweet, 398 ¦ and aloes, 397 ¦ aniseed, 398 gentian, 397 senna, 397 Warner's cordial, 397 wine, 398 and gentian, 398 compound, 398 Rice, 345 blancmange, 491 
Rice, custard, 490 gruel, 346 jelly, 346 mucilage, 346 water, 346 Rob of mulberries, 319 Rochelle salt, 439 Rose, dog, 399 confection, 399 hundred-leaved, 399 collutory, 400 essence, 400 lozenges, 400 ¦ oil, 400 water, 399 ointment, 399 red, 400 confection, 40C electuary, 400 honey, 400 infusion, acid, 400 syrup, 401 tincture, 400 vinegar, compound, 401 wine, 401 Rosemary, 401 aromatic bath, 401 fomentation, 401 vinegar, 401 | essence, 401 Hungary water, 401 oil, 401 spirit, 401 tincture, 401 marsh, 443 Rosin, 393 Round-leaved dogwood, 207 Rue, 403 confection, 403 extract, 403 mixture, 403 and squill, 403 oil, 403 powder, saccharated, 406 syrup, 403 tincture, 403 Rules for the administration of medicine, 58 Rust's astringent, 99 
s 
Saccharate of lead, 361 Saccharated powders, 406 Saccharine alum, 100 carbonate of iron, 230 and manganese, 483 Saccharometer, 31, 34 Safflower, 171 infusion, 171 Saffron, 209 collyrium, 210 elixir, 210 infusion, 210 ointment, 210 pills, 210 powder saccharated, 406 syrup, 210 tincture, 210 compound, 210 Sagapenum, 406 prepared, 406 •H pills, compound, 406 Sage, 408 
Sage, gargle, 408 infusion, 408 compound, 408 vinegar, 408 Sago, 407 milk, 407 mucilage, 407 posset, 407 Sal-ammoniac, 108 bolus, 108 cataplasm, 109 collutory, 109 i draught, 109 emulsion, 109 fomentation, 108 liniment, 109 lotion, 108 powder, 108 wash, 109 Sal prunello, 379 Salep, mucilage, 487 powder, compound, 487 Salicin, 407 


640 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Salicin, pills, 407 . compound, 407 powder, compound, 407 Salt, common, 431 of sorrel, 380 Saltpetre, 379 Saponine, 411 Sarsaparilla, 413 beer, 416 decoction, 413 compound, 413 Feltz's, 413 Jauperand's, 414 Vinache's, 413 Zittman's, 414 essence, 414 compound, 414 extract, 414 fluid, 414 infusion, 413 alkaline, 413 Lisbon diet drink, 413 powder, witb Peruvian bark, 413 syrup, 414 compound, 415 for mineral water, 415 ¦ Gesnouin's, 416 Laffecteur's, 415 Indian, 261 decoction, 262 infusion, 262 mixture, 262 . syrup, 261 Sassafras, 416 . bark, 416 infusion, 416 compound, 416 oil, 416 tincture, 416 compound, 416 pith, 416 infusion, 416 Saviard's lotion, 372 Savine, 404 cerate, 405 extract, 405 infusion, 405 oil, 405 ointment, 405 pills, 405 powder with cantharides, 405 ginger, 405 piukroot, 405 verdigris, 405 saccharated, 406 tincture, 405 compound, 405 Scammony, 416 chocolate, 418 confection, 417 elixir, 418 emulsion, 417 compound, 417 extract, 417 mixture, 417 oil, 418 pastilles, 418 de santS, 418 pills, 417 compound, 417 with ox-gall, 417 powder with cream of tartar, 417 soot, 417 compound, 417 ' resin, 417 soap, 418 
Scarifications, 552 Scudamore's mixture, 197 Scurvy grass, 194 electuary, 194 gargle, 195 Sea holly, 225 Sealing wax, 485 red, 296 Sedatives, 72 Seidlitz powders, 440 water, 307 Semen contra, 130 electuary, 130 mixture, 130 powder, 130 of santonine, 130 Semi-vitrified oxide of lead, 360 Seneka, 423 decoction, 423 emulsion, 424 extract with squill, 424 infusion, 423 compound, 423 jelly, 424 mixture, 424 pills, 423 polygalic acid, 424 syrup, 424 powder, compound, 423 syrup, 423 Senna, 424 American, 174 infusion, 174 confection, 425 compound, 425 electuary with cream of tartar, 425 , figs, 425 rhubarb, 425 sulphur, 425 emulsion, 427 extract, alcoholic, 425 fluid, 427 infusion, 426 compound, 426 with buckthorn, 427 coffee, 426 lemon juice, 427 rhubarb, 427 tamarinds, 426 tincture, 427 mixture, 427 pills, 425 powder, compound, 425 and guaiacum, 425 syrup, 427 and cider, 428 rhubarb, 428 tincture, compound, 426 with gentian, 426 jalap, 426 wine, compound, 426 Setons, 543 Shampoo liquid, 167 Show-bottles, colors for, 481 Shower bath, 537 Sialagogues, 72 Sikes's hydrometer, 32 Silicate of potassa, 381 Silk weed, 132 Silver, 125 solder for, 486 chloride, 125 and ammonia, 125 pills, 125 powder, 125 cyanide, 125 


641 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Silver, cyanide, ointment, 126 iodide, 126 ointment, 126 nitrate, 126 collyrium, 127 hair dye, 127 indelible ink, 127 mixture, 127 ointment, 127 compound, 127 pills, 126 solution, 126 Mackensie's, 127 oxide, 126 ointment, 126 -•** pills, 126 Simaruba, 429 infusion, 429 compound, 429 Sinapisms, 541 Sinapism of ammonia, 103 Skunk cabbage, 220 infusion, 220 tincture, 220 Slippery elm, 462 cataplasm, 462 » infusion, 462 Snakeroot, black, 185 decoction, 185 extract, fluid, 479 tincture, 185 Virginia, 428 electuary, 428 extract, fluid, 428 infusion, 428 compound, 428 mixture, with allspice, 429 acetated, 429 ether, 429 pills, compound, 428 tincture, 428 with balsam Peru, 429 wine, with vanilla, 429 Sneezewort, 260 Soap, 410 almond, 410 aromatic, 410 arsenical, 411 balsam, camphorated acetic, 412 beef marrow, 410 bolus, 411 camphorated, 410 ¦ —liniment, 411 castile, 410' cataplasm, 412 cerate, 411 clyster, 412 cod-liver oil, 412 ioduretted, 412 common, 410 croton oil, 334 electuary, 412 essence, 412 camphorated, 412 grease balls, 411 hard, 410 iodide of potassium, 366 itch ointment, 412 jalap, 290 liniment, 411 pills, 411 and ox-gall, 411 compound, 411 plaster, 412 powder, cosmetic, 410 41 
Soap, saponine, 411 scammony, 418 soft, 410 solution, ethereal, 412 Spanish, 410 Starkey's, 333, 410 sulphuret of potassium, 371 suppository, 412 tincture, camphorated, 411 turpentine, 410 with sulphur, 412 Soda, 432, 558 powders, 436 solutioh, 432 effervescing, 436 acetate, 433 pills, compound, 433 arseniate, 433 solution, 433 bicarbonate, 436 emulsion, 436 lozenges, 436 mixture, 436 and copaiba, 43e powder, 436 and magnesia, 439 bisulphate, 439 and magnesia, 439 borate, 433 cakes, 491 carbonate, 434 , dried, 434 injection, 435 lotion, 435 mixture with chamomile, 434 gentian, 435 ipecacuanha, 434 quassia, 435 ointment, 435 pills, 435 and ipecacuanha, 435 wP rhubarb, 435 powder, with mercury, 43f rhubarb, 435 solution, diuretic, 434 caustic, 432 chlorate, 436 gargle, 437 lotion, 437 chlorinated, 437 cataplasm, 437 gargle, 437 injection, 437 solution, 437 diluted, 437 hyposulphite, 437 bath, 438 syrup, 438 nitrate, 438 phosphate, 438 mixture, 438 powder, compound, 438 sulphate, 438 clyster, 439 : electuary, 439 emulsion, 439 lemonade, 439 lotion, 439 pills, compound, 439 powder, with nitre, 438 opium, 439 tartar emetic, 438 solution, compound, 439 suppository, 439 tartarized, 439 clyster, 440 


642 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Soda, tartarized, mixture, 440 powder, with rhubnrh, 439 ' Seidlitz, 440 whey, 440 valerianate, 440 Sodium, 431 bromide, 431 ointment, 431 chloride, 431 bath, with gelatine, 431 clyster, 431 and arnica, 431 fomentation, 431 mixture, with lemon juice, 432 ointment, 432 • compound, 432 powder, compound, 431 —— ¦ and cochineal, 431 chloroplatinate, 356 injection, 356 sulphuret, 432 bath, 432 liniment, 432 lotion, 432 mixture with sal-ammoniac, 432 ointment, 432 Solders, 485 Solder for brass, copper, and iron, 4S5 gold, 486 lead, 485 pewter, 485 silver, 4S6 tin, 485 zinc, 485 Soluble glass, 381 tartar, 382 Solution, arsenical, 80, 373 Donovan's, 129 Fowler's, 373 Heinecke's, 433 Labarraque's, 437 Mackenzie's, 127 Magendie's, 323 Pearson's, 433 of acetate ammonia, 104 baryta, 143 mercury, 268 morphia, 321 i alcoholic, 321 strychnia, 446 alum, 101 odontalgic, 100 1 ammonia, 103 citrate, 107 arseniate of ammonia, 105 soda, 433 arsenic, 80 arsenito of potassa, 373 ammoniated copper, 214 muriate of copper and mercury, 214 ammonio-tartrate of iron, 243 atropine, 135 barytes, 143 belladonna, extract, 145 bicarbonate of potassa, effervescing, 377 bimeconate of morphia, 321 bitartrate of potassa, 383 compound, 383 —— borotartrate of potassa, 375 bromide of mercury, ethereal, 269 potassium, 362 — bromine, 149 alcoholio, 149 
Solution of brucia, 150 carbonate of potassa, 375 soda, 434 diuretic, 434 effervescing, 138 caustic potassa, 372 chlorate of potassa, 378 chloride of arsenic, 129 barium, 142 calcium, 154 gold and sodium, 138 chlorinated soda, 437 diluted, 437 potassa, 363 citrate of ammonia, 107 magnesia, 307 potassa, 378 conia, 203 corrosive sublimate, 269 alcoholic, 269 creasote, alcoholic, 208 croton oil, saponaceous, 334 cyanide of gold, 139 cyanuret of mercury, 274 potassium, 303 — 11 delphinia, 217 ferrocyanuret of zinc, 472 gamboge, alkaline, 249 hydrargyro-iodide of potassium, 368 iodide of iron, 235 officinal, 236 potassium, 364 caustic, 367 compound, 367 zinc, 473 iodine, 284 lac, 296 magnesia, 306 malate of iron, 237 morphia and ipecacuanha, 320 muriate of morphia, 322 ¦ myrrh, alkaline, 326 nitrate of silver, 126 nitro-saccharate of lead, 361 potassa, 372 lithontriptic, 372 persesquinitrate of iron, 238 • phosphate of ammonia, 109 silicate of potassa, 381 soap, ethereal, 412 soda, 432, 436 subacetate of lead, 356 sulphate of bebeerine, 144 cadmium, 152 iron, 241 morphia, 323 soda, compound, 439 veratria, 467 zinc, 474 sulphuret of potassium, 370 tartar emetic, 122 and squill, 122 tartrate of iron and potassa, 242 potassa and ammonia, 384 terchloride of antimony, 118 tersulphate of iron, 238 Soot, 245 cataplasm, 246 decoction, 245 injection, 246 mixture, 246 mouth wash, 246 oil, 246 ointment, 246 compound, 246 pills, 245 » 


643 
GENERAL INDEX. 
i 
Soot, tincture, 245 Southernwood, 130 - clyster, 130 infusion, 130 Spanish flies (see Cantharides) Spearmint,' 316 arquebusade, water, 317 '— essence, 317 infusion, 317 . compound, 317 spirit, 317 water, 317 Specific gravity, 28 beads, 32 . table, 41 Spermaceti, 179 . cerate, 179 _ liniment, 180 _ lip salve, 179 mixture, 179 ointment, 179 and rosewater, 179 . sultana, 180 _ powder, compound, 179 Spice plaster, 194, 477 Spirits, 534 Spirit of acetic ether, 91 allspice, 351 . ammonia, 104 aromatic, 104 and succinic acid, 110 fetid, 104 . ~ aniseed, 118 balm, compound, 315 —. caraway, 171 . ¦ castor, compound, 175 . cinnamon, 193 cloves, 172 horseradish, compound, 128 . juniper, compound, 292 lavender, 299 compound, 299 lemon, 301 odoriferous, 301 Mindererus, 105 muriatic ether, 92 nutmeg, 325 compound, 325 orange peel, 135 . peppermint, 316 rosemary, 401 spearmint, 317 . succinated ammonia, 110 sulphuric ether, 92 sweet of nitre, 91 . turpentine, 332 vanilla, 465 vinegar, aromatic, 78 , wormwood, compound, 76 Spitta's lozenges, 211 Splints, felt, 486 Sponge, 442 burnt, 442 bolus, 442 electuary, 442 . powder, 442 compound, 442 Sponging, 540 Spongio-piline, 541 Spruce beer, 490 Spurge, 226 Squill, 418 ¦ electuary, 422 emulsion, 421 extract, 422 acetic, 422 
Squill, extract, and rhubarb, 421 ointment, 422 oxymel, 422 mixture, with ammoniac, 421 ipecacuanha, 421 marsh mallow, 421 > valerian, 421 pills and ammoniac, 419 calomel, 419 croton oil, 419 henbano, 419 ipecacuanha, 419 compound, 419 powder with calomel, 418 cream of tartar, 418 ipecacuanha, 418 nitre, 418 sulphur, 418 compoand, 418 • saccharated, 406 syrup, 422 aromatic, 422 compound, 419 mixture, 421 tincture, 420 alkaline, 420 1 and elaterium, 420 benzoin, compound, 420 ethereal, 421 -vinegar, 422 mixture, 421 and ammonia, 421 wine, 420 compound, 420 bitter, 420 Star grass, 93 tincture, 93 Starch, 115 iodide, 116 jelly, 116 lozenges, 116 mixture, with suet, 116 mucilage, 115 powder, compound, 115 Starkey's soap, 333, 410 Stavesacre, 443 decoction, 443 ointment, 443 vinegar, 443 Sternutatory, of euphorbium, 227 Stevens's saline powder, 378 Stimulants, 73 Storax, 445 ¦ pills, compound, 445 purified, 445 syrup, 445 Stramonium, 444 extract of leaves, 411 '¦ seeds, 444 lotion, 444 mixture, 444 oil, 445 ointment, 445 compound, 445 1 pills, seed, 444 compound, 444 powder, saccharated, 406 syrup, 444 tincture of leaves, 444 seed," 444 ethereal, 445 wine, 445 Strychnia, 445, 565 acetate, 446 solution, 446 tincture, 447 


644 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Strychnia, collyrium, 446 iodate, 447 liniment, 446 mixture, 446 muriate, 447 nitrate, 447 ointment, 447 ointment, 446 pills, 446 stimulant, 446 powder, compound, 446 sulphate, 447 syrup, 447 tincture, 446 Styptic of sulphate of copper, 216 Stuping, 541 Subacetate of copper, 212 lead, 356 Subcarbonatte of iron, 230 Subnitrate of bismuth, 148 Succinate of ammonia, 109 Succory, 184 extract, 185 infusion, 185 syrup, compound, 185 Sugar, 406 barley, 263 burnt, 406 milk, 295 syrup, 406 vanilla, 465 • vermifuge, 406 Sulphate of alumina, 99 ammonia, 110 antimony, 121 atropia, 135 brucia, 150 cadmium, 152 cinchonia, 192 copper, 215 indigo, 283 iron, 240 magnesia, 307 manganese, 311 morphia, 322 potassa, 381 and ammonia, 382 magnesia, 382 sulphur, 382 ¦ quinia, 390 1 soda, 438 ¦ strychnia, 447 veratria, 467 zinc, 474 Sulpho-cyanuret of potassium, 369 tartrate of quinia, 393 Sulphur, 448 balsam, 450 ethereal, 450 terebinthinated, 450 eerate, 451 electuary, 449, 450 compound, 450 1 iodide, 452 ointment, 452 powder, 452 linctus, 450 liniment, with Boap, 451 liver, 369 mixture, 450 ointment, 450 « compound, 450 with camphor, 451 soap, 451 zinc, 451 ——— powder, compound, 449 
Sulphur, powder, with antimony, 449 camphor, 449 cream of tartar, 449 liquorice, 449 magnesia, 449 orris root, 449 precipitated, 449 sublimed, 448 washed, 448 Sulphuret of antimony, 120 arsenic, 130 barium, 143 calcium, 155 carbon, 451 iron, 241 magnesium, 308 mercury, black, 279 red, 279 potassium, 369 sodium, 432 tin, 443 Sulphuretted anthracokali, 170 hydrogen, 83 water, artificial, 83 hydrosulphate of ammonia, 108 Sulphuric acid, 86, 556 aromatic, 87 and alcohol, 87 nitric ether, 87 diluted, 86 lemonade, 87 liniment, 87 ointment, 87 ether, 92 ethereal oil, 92 Hoffmann's anodyne, 92 lotion, 92 mixture, with camphor, 93 turpentine. 93 rectified, 92 spirit, 92 syrup, 92 Suppositories, 66 Suppository, anthelmintic, 97 charcoal, 169 hemlock, 203 opium, 340 rhubarb, 396 ' soap, 412 sulphate of soda, 439 chloride of zinc, 471 Swamp dogwood, 207 silkweed, 131 Swediaur's tincture, 343 Sweet almonds, 112 fern, 201 spirit of nitre, 91 violet, 468 Sydenham's laudanum, 342 Sylvius, salt of, 363 Syrups, 519 Syrup, 406 acetate of morphia, 321 antimonial wine, 124 asparagus shoots, 132 assafetida, 133 atropine, 135 balsam of Peru, 141 tolu, 458 belladonna, 146 Gillet's, 146 biniodide of potassium, 367 bittersweet, 221 blackberry, 403 bloodroot, 409 brooklime, 144 


645 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Syrup, buckthorn, 394 . capillaire, 90 . cayenne pepper, 167 chamomile, 119 chloride of gold and sodium, 138 compound, 138 . iron, 232 . cinchonia, 192 citrate of caffein, 196 — iron, 233 iZ and magnesia, 234 quinia, 388 . citric acid, 81, 82 . clove pink, 217 cod-liver oil, 330 codeia, 195 coffee, 195 colchicum, 197 coltsfoot, 461 cubebs, alcoholic ethereal extract, 212 cyanuret of potassium, 363 emetine, 223 ¦ — ergot, 224 foxglove, 219 galls, 248 garlic, 93 . gentian, 251 extract, 251 t gentianin, 252 ginger, 476 ethereal extract, 476 - gold, 137 gum, 77 compound, 77 hive, 420 horehound, 313 hydrocyanic acid, 83 ¦ — hydrosulphate of ammonia, 108 hyposulphite of soda, 438 hyposulphited sulphuret of potassium 370 Indian sarsaparilla, 261 iodate of potassa, 379 iodide and chloride of iron, 236 of iron, 236 manganese, 310 and iron, 310 potassium, 365 z i nc> 473 ipecacuanha, 288, 483 compound, 288 Jackson's pectoral, 484 kino, 293 lactate of iron, 237 quinia, 389 lactucarium, 297 lemon, 301 ¦ peel, 301 — vinous, 301 lettuce, 298 liquorice, 255 lobelia, 304 lupulin, 304 maidenhair, 90 compound, 91 \ ¦ manna, 311 ¦ marsh mallow, 98 
Syrup, matico, 314 milk, 295 monesia, 319 ¦ compound, 319 mulberries, 319 muriate of morphia, 322 compound, 322 naphthaline, 327 opium, 340 succinated, 340 orange flowers, 136 peel, 136 orgeat, 113 paullinia, 348 pectoral, 347 Peruvian bark, 191 compound, 191 phosphate of iron, 484 lime, 158 pipsissewa, 182 polygalic acid, 424 poppy heads, 347 substitute for, 347 proto-iodide of iron, 236 proto-nitrate of iron, 238, 484 red roses, 401 poppy, 399 ¦ rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 397 and senna, 397 aromatic, 397 rue, 403 saffron, 210 sarsaparilla, 414, 415 for mineral water, 415 — compound, 415 Gesnouin's, 416 Laffecteur's, 415 seneka, 423 senna, 427 and cider, 428 rhubarb, 428 squill, 422 aromatic, 422 compound, 419 storax, 445 stramonium, 444 succory, compound, 185 sulphate of iron, 241 morphia, 322 quinia, 391 and coffee, 391 strychnia, 447 sulphuret of magnesium, 308 potassium, 370 compound, 370 sulphuretted, 108 sulphuric ether, 92 tartaric acid, 88 thridace, 297 uva ursi, 462 valerian, 464 vinegar, 78 violets, 468 wild-cherry bark, 384 Willis's, 370 wormwood, 75 
T 
Table of avoirdupois weights, 17,18 distilled oils, 530 ¦ drops and minims, 20 foreign weights, 22 
Table of hydrometrical equivalents, S6 incompatibles, 492 pharmaceutical names, 503 poisons and antidotes, 568 


646 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Table, posological, 496 of sp. grs. and Baume's hydrometer, 35 of preparations, 41 Taffeta cantharidalis, 166 Tamarinds, 453 electuary, 454 infusion, 454 pulp, 453 whey, 295, 454 Tannate of iron, 243 lead, 361 quinia, 393 Tannic acid, 87 gargle, 87 injection, 87 mixture, 88 ointment, 88 pills, 87 and opium, 87 Tansy, 454 extract, 454 infusion, 454 oil, 454 — pills, 454 — tincture, compound, 454 Tapioca, 454 — jelly, 454 pudding, 454 Tar, 354 beer, 354 ointment, 355 compound, 355 pills, 354 water, 354 wine, 354 Tartaric aoid, 88, 557 effervescing powders, 88 lemonade, 88 lozenges, 88 syrup, 88 Tartar emetic, 122, 558 bolus, 122 clyster, 123 emulsion, 122 liniment, with ammonia, 123 1 — lotion, 123 and camphor, 123 corrosive sublimate, 123 ointment, 123 compound, 123 pills and camphor, 122 guaiacum, 122 opium, 122 plaster, 123 powder, 122 and ipecacuanha, 122 phosphate of lime, 122 quinine, 122 compound, 122 solution, 122 and squill, 122 wine, 123 collyrium, 123 mixture,with ammoniac, 124 bittersweet, 124 laudanum, 124 syrup, 124 Tartarized soda, 439 Tartrate of antimony and potassa, 122 iron and potassa, 241 magnesia, 308 — nfercury and potassa, 280 * r 
Tartrate of morphia, 323 potassa, 382 and ammonia, 383 quinia, 393 soda and potassa, 439 Tea, balm, 315 beef, 488 bran, 489 mutton, 488 veal, 488 worm, 441 Temperature of sick room, 56 Temperatures in pharmaceutical operations, 36 Tepid and temperate baths, 536 Terebinthinated ether, 93 Thermometrical scales, 42 Thieves' vinegar, 79 Thorn apple, 444 Thridace, 297 Thus, 353 Tin, 442, 565 solder for, 485 chloride, 442 electuary, 442 ointment, 442 oxide, 443 powder, 442 sulphuret, 443 powder, compound, 443 Tinctures, 521 Tincture, acetate of iron, 228 alcoholic, 228 ethereal, 228 morphia, 321 potassa, 373 strychnia, 447 zinc, 473 aconite leaves, 89 root, 89 Fleming's, 477 aloes, 97 ethereal, 98 and myrrh, 98 allspice, 351 amber, 448 alkaline, 448 ethereal, 448 American centaury, 404 columbo, 245 hellebore, 46S ammonia, compound, 106 ammoniated iron, 229 angelica, 117 compound, 117 angustura, 117 aniseed, 118 antacrid, 270 arnica, 129 assafetida, 133 alkaline, 134 ammoniated, 134 and castor, 134 soot, 134 atropine, 135 balsam of Peru, 141 tolu, 458 compound, 458 with foxglove, 458 belladonna, 146 Blackett's, 479 ethereal, 146 benzoin, 147 compound, 147 Bestucheffe's, 233 black hellebore, 261 snakeroot, 185 


647 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Tincture, bloodroot, 409 compound, 409 brucia, 150 buchu, 151 • calamus, 153 compound, 153 camphor, 160 — and saffron, 160 ¦ ethereal, 160 . ¦ cantharides, 164 and guaiacum, 164 camphorated, 164 ethereal, 164 compound, 164 ethereal, 164 . carbonate of potassa, 376 . , compound, 377 . cardamom, 170 compound, 170 cascarilla, 173 . castor, 174 ammoniated, 175 compound, 175 . ethereal, 174 catechu, 176 Cayenne pepper, 167 and cantharides, 168 cevadilla, 404 chiretta, 182 chloride of gold, 137 iron, 232 ethereal, 233 zinc, ethereal, 471 cinchonia, 192 cinnamon, 193 compound, 193 ethereal, 193 citrate of iron, 233 cloves, 172 cochineal, 194 colchicum flowers, 197 seed, 196 compound, 197 ethereal, 196 and digitalis, 197 colocynth, 200 columbo, 201 contrayorva, 203 compound, 203 copaiba, 206 alkaline, 206 compound, 206 coriander, 207 croton oil, 334 cubebs, 211 cyanuret mercury, compound, 274 Dippel's oil, 329 elaterin, 222 ergot, 224 foxglove, 219 ethereal, 219 galbaniim, 247 compound, 247 galls, 248 gamboge, alkaline, 250 ammoniacal, 250 gentian, 251 acidulated, 251 alkaline, 252 ammoniacal, 252 compound, 251 gentianin, 252 ginger, 476 ethereal extract, 476 goldthread, 206 guaiacum, 258 
Tincture, guaiacum, ammoniated, 259 Dowces's, 258 hemlock, 202 ethereal, 202 hemp, 163 henbane, 281 — ethereal, 281 hiera picra, 162 hops, 264 alkaline, 264 horse balm, 198 Iluxham's, 189 hydrargyro- iodide of potassium, 368 iodide of iron, 236 iodine, 284 compound, 284, 367 ethereal, 284 saturated, 284 ipecacuanha, 288 jalap, 290 — compound, 290 Jamaica dogwood, 353 kino, 293 lactucarium, 297 larkspur seeds, 217 lavender, ethereal, 300 lemon, 301 lettuce, aromatic, 297 lobelia, 303 ethereal, 303 lupulin, 304 mace, 305 magnolia, 309 malate of iron, 237 mastich, ethereal, 313 matico, 314 monesia, 319 musk, 324 artificial, 448 mustard, 431 myrrh, 326 and hellebore, 326 nux vomica, 328 compound, 328 opium, 342 acetated, 342 ammoniated, 343 and soap, 343 Bateman's, 343 . camphorated, 343 -— compound, 343 Smith's, 343 succinated, 343 Swediaur's, 343 Warner's, 343 opoponax, 345 compound, 345 orange peel, 135 pareira brava, 348 pellitory, 385 compound, 385 Peruvian bark, 189 ammoniated, 190 and cantharides, 190 1 gentian, 190 snakeroot, 190 valerian, 190 compound, 189 phosphoric, of myrrh, 86 piperine, 353 poison oak, 460 poke, 351 proto-iodide of iron, 236 quassia, 386 compound, 386 quinia, 387 


648 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Tincture, quinia, impure, 387 red iodide mercury, 276 ethereal, 276 rhatany, 294 rhubarb, 397 and aloes, 397 aniseed, 398 gentian, 397 ¦ senna, 397 alkaline, 398 sweet, 398 rosemary, 401 roses, 400 rue, 403 saffron, 210 compound, 210 sassafras, 416 compound, 416 savine, 405 compound, 405 senna and jalap, 426 gentian, 426 compound, 426 skunk cabbage root, 220 seed, 220 snakeroot, black, 185 Virginia, 428 and balsam Peru, 429 soap, camphorated, 411 soot, 245 squill, 420 alkaline, 420 and benzoin, 420 elaterium, 420 i ethereal, 421 stargrass, 93 stramonium, ethereal, 445 leaves, 444 seed, 444 strychnia, 446 sulphate of quinia, 392 compound, 392 sulphuret of potassium, 370 tansy, compound, 454 tartrate of iron, compound, 242 tobacco, 453 tulip-tree bark, 303 valerian, 463 ammoniated, 464 compound, 464 compound, 464 ethereal, 463 and Hoffmann's anodyne, 464 vanilla, 465 veratria, 466 white hellebore, 467 Winter's bark, 469 wormwood, 75 alkaline, 75 Toast water, 488 Tobacco, 452 cataplasm, 453 extract, 452 
Tobacco, infusion, 458 lotion, 453 mixture, 453 nicotina, 453 oil, 453 ointment, 453 
pills, 452 powder, compound, 452 tincture, 453 wine, 452 Tolu, balsam of, 458 emulsion, 458 
inhalation, 459 
lozenges, 458 mixture and belladonna, 459 
almond emulsion, 
copaiba, 459 
morphia, 459 
powder, saccharated, 406 
syrup, 458 
Tonics, 73 Tonquin powder, 323 Tormentil, 459 decoction, 459 extract, 459 gargle, 459 powder, compound, 459 Tous les mois, 487 Tracing paper, 486 Tragacanth, 460 mucilage, 460 paste, 460 powder, compound, 460 Troches, 534 of magnesia, 305 Tronchin's lozenges, 77, 122 Troy weight, 17 Tulip-tree bark, 303 
infusion, 303 tincture, 303 
Turlington's balsam, 147 Turner's cerate, 153 
Turpentine, 456 clyster, 456 electuary, 456 liniment, 457 mixture, 457 oil, 332 
• pills, 456 with guaiacum, 456 
jalap, 456 
magnesia, 456 myrrh, 456 rhubarb, 456 
¦ plaster, 457 compound, 457 Tutty ointment, 470 Twaddle's hydrometer, 32 
459 
u 
Unguentum populeum, 282 Urinometer, 35 Unparalleled water, 302 Uva ursi, 462 ¦ decoction, 462 
TJva ursi, extract, 462 mixture, 462 powder, compound, 462 ——— syrup, 462 
opium, 459 
tincture, 458 compound, 458 and foxglove, 458 
ointment, 457 compound, 457 


649 
GENERAL INDEX. 
V 
Valerian, 463 . bolus, with iron, 463 sulphate of potassa, 463 electuary, 463 extract, 464 . fluid, 464 infusion, 463 . compound, 463 mixture, with ammonia, 464 Hoffmann's anodyne, 464 oil, 464 with ammonia, 464 pills, compound, 463 powder, compound, 463 syrup, 464 tincture, 463 ammoniated, 464 compound, 464 compound, 464 ethereal, 463 with Hoffmann's anodyne, 464 wine, 464 Valerianate of iron, 243 quinia, 393 soda, 440 zinc, 475 Valerianic acid, 88, 465 Vallefs mass, 230 Vanilla, 465 . arrowroot, 465 — essence, 466 extract, fluid, 466 lozenges, 465 milk, 466 powder, saccharated, 406 spirit, 465 sugar, 465 tincture, 465 Vapor bath, 538 Varnishes, 486 Varnish, amber, 486 copal, 486 crystal, 313 furniture, 486 Japan, 486 lac, 486 leather, 486 metal, 486 picture, 313 Veal tea, 488 Vegetable broth, 487 Venesection, 547 Ventilation of sick room, 55 Veratria, 466 
Veratria, liniment, 466 lotion, 466 muriate, 467 nitrate, 467 ointment, 466 ¦ with iodine, 467 opium, 467 pills, 466 with henbane, 466 sulphate, 467 solution, 467 tincture, 466 Verdigris, 212 Vermifuge sugar, 406 Vesicatories, 69 Vinegar, 77 cataplasm, 78 distilled, 78 gargle, 78 mixture, 77 and cardamom, 77 pastilles, 87 syrup, 78 whey, 295 aromatic, 78, 401 spirit, 78 borax, 434 camphorated, 79 cantharides, 164 Cayenne pepper, 168 cinnamon, compound, 193 coffee, 195 ¦ ' colchicum root, 197 seed, 197 1 — elder flowers, 408 four thieves, 79 foxglove, 219 lobelia, 304 opium, 341 prophylactic, 79 rosemary, aromatic, 401 roses, compound, 401 sage, 408 squill, 422 stavesacre, 443 Vinegars, 524 Violet, 468 conserve, 468 honey, 468 oil, 468 syrup, 468 Virginia snakeroot, 428 Vocabulary of words used in prescriptions. 44 Volatile oils, 528 
Wakaka, 152 Walnut, white, 291 Warm bath, 536, 538 Ward's essence, 161 paste, 352 Warner's cordial, 397 tincture, 343 Wash, black, 277 cosmetic, 147, 271 detergent, 99 ophthalmic, 213 
Wash, red iodide of mercury, 276 sal-ammoniac, 109 yellow, 270 Water, allspice, 351 ammonia, 103 anemone, 116 angelica, 117 aniseed, 118 anti-hysteric, 316 apple, 489 arquebusade, 317 


650 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Water, arrowroot, 312 avens, 253 balm, 315 barley, with nitrate potassa, 263 bitter almonds, 114 brooklime, 144 camphor, 159 and laudanum, 159 nitric acid, 160 Hoffmann's anodyne, 160 caraway, 171 chalybeate, artificial, 231 cherry laurel, 298 chicken, 488 chlorine, 183 cinnamon, 193 compound, 193 citrate of magnesia, 307 clove, 172 Cologne, 301 coriander, compound, 207 distilled, 525 diuretic, 114 elder flower, 408 fennel, 245 Goulard's vegeto-mineral, 357 honey, 315 Hungary, 401 ioduretted, 366 lavender, 299 lemon peel, 300, 489 lettuce, 298 lime, 155 and carbonate of potassa, 156 milk, 156 compound, 155 medicated, 484, 525 opium, 341 orange flower, 136 oriental, 376 partridge berry, 250 peppermint, 316 rice, 346 rose, 399 Seidlitz, 307 souchy, 489 spearmint, 317 sulphuret of potassium, 370 sulphuretted, artificial, 83 tar, 354 toast, 488 unparalleled, 302 Wax, 178 . sealing, 485 cloth, 178 cerate, 178 plaster, 178 i—» rose lip-salve, 178 Weaell's elixir, 421 Weights and measures, 17 — apothecaries', 20 avoirdupois, 17 foreign, 20 French, 20 : metrical, 21 r troy, 17 Wendt's mixture, 77 Whey, 294 alum, 102, 295 aromatic, 102, 295 cream of tartar, 295 mustard, 295, 430 tamarind, 295, 454 tartarized soda, 440 vinegar, 295 — — wiue, 295 
White avens, 253 hellebore, 467 decoction, 467 ointment, 467 ¦ compound, 467 powder, 467 tincture, 467 wine, 467 lead, 358 precipitate, 268 ointment, 268 walnut, 257 Wild cherry bark, 384 infusion, 384 syrup, 384 ginger, 131 infusion, 131 —; — indigo, 142 ipecacuanha, 226 ; powder, compound, 226 lettuce, 296 potato, 204- Wilkinson's liniment, 108 Willis's syrup, 370 Willow bark, 407 decoction, 408 dentifrice, 408 extract, 407 ointment, 408 powder, compound, 407 Wine of aconite, compound, 89 aloes, 97 alkaline, 97 balsamic, 97 American hellebore, 468 black hellebore, 261 blessed thistle, 177 1 bryony, 150 1 — cascarilla, compound, 173 centaury, compound, 178 cinchonia, 192 cinnamon, compound, 193* citrate of iron, 233 1 aromatic, 233 cloves, 172 colchicum root, 196 seed, 196 compound, 197 dogwood, round-leaved, 208 ergot, 224 gentian, 251 hedge hyssop, 257 iodide of iron, 236 ipecacuanha, 288 alkaline, 288 and tartar emetic, 288 compound, 288 iron, 231 opium, 342 Sydenham's, 342 Peruvian bark, 191 and calamus, 191 iron, 191 persimmons, 220 quassia, 386 quinia, 392 aromatic, 392 rhubarb, 398 and gentian, 398 compound, 398 roses, 401 senna, compound, 426 squill, 420 bitter, 420 compound, 420 stramonium, 445 


651 
GENERAL INDEX. 
Wine of sulphate of quinia, 392 . aromatic, 392 tar, 354 . tartrate of iron, 242 compound, 242 tobacco, 452 . valerian, 464 Virginia snakeroot, 429 white hellebore, 467 wormwood, 75 yellow ladies' bedstraw, 248 antimonial, 123 diuretic, 333 measure, 24 mulled, 489 whey, 295 Wines, 523 Winter's bark, 46 tincture, 469 Wistar's cough lozenges, 255, 345 
Witch hazel, 260 Wood sorrel, 77 — extract, 77 Worm tea, 441 Wormseed, 181 decoction, 181 oil, 181 mixture, 181 Wormwood, 75 clyster, 75 essential oil, 76 extract, 75 infusion, 75 oil, 75 ratafia, 76 spirit, compound, 76 syrup, 75 tincture, 75 alkaline, 75 wine, 75 
Y 
Yellow ladies' bedstraw, 248 infusion, 248 wine, 248 root, 280, 469 
Yellow root, extract, 469 infusion, 469 sulphate of mercury, 278 wash, 270 
z 
Zinc, 470, 567 solder for, 485 acetate, 473 collyrium, 473 injection, 473 lotion, 473 tincture, 473 carbonate, 473 cerate, 473 plaster, 474 precipitated, 473 chloride, 471 disinfectant, 471 injection, 471 lotion, 471 paste, Canquoin's, 471 suppository, 471 tincture, ethereal, 471 cyanuret, 472 pills, 472 powder, 472 ferrocyanuret, .472 mixture, 472 pills, compound, 472 powder, 472 solution, 472 iodide, 472 collyrium, 472 ¦ ointment, 472 solution, 473 
Zinc, iodide, syrup, 473 oxide, 470 cerate, with lycop odium, 471 lotion, 470 ointment, 470 with calomel, 471 opium, 470 tutty, 470 pills, 470 compound, 470 powder, 470 compound, 470 with columbo, 470 sulphate, 474 collyrium, 474 with camphor, 474 fomentation, 474 gargle, 474 injection, 475 lotion, 475 mixture, 475 pills, 474 compound, 474 with turpentine, 474 myrrh, 474 solution, 474 valerianate, 475 mixture, 475 pills, 475 Zittmann's decoction, 414 
THE END. 


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THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES, Edited by ISAAC HAYS, M. D., is publisned Quarterly, on the first ot January, April, July, and October. Each number contains at least two hundred and eighty large ocUvo pages, handsomely aud appropriately illustrated, 


2 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
wherever necessary. It has now been issued regularly for more than forty years, and it ha* been under the control of the present editor lor more than a quarter ol a century. Throughout this long period, it has maintained its position in the highest rank of medical periodicals both at home and abroad, and has received the cordial support of the entire profession in this country. Its list of Collaborators will.be found to contain a large number of the most distinguished names of the profession in every section of the United States, rendering the department devoted to 
ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS 
full of varied and important matter, of great interest to all practitioners. As the aim of the Journal, however, is to combine the advantages presented by all the different varieties of periodicals, in its 
REVIEW DEPARTMENT 
will be found extended and impartial reviews of all important new works, presenting subjects of novelty and interest, together with very numerous 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES, 
including nearly all the medical publications of the day, both m this country and Great Britain, with a choice selection ol the more important continental works. This is followed by the 
QUARTERLY SUMMARY, 
being a very full and complete abstract, methodically arranged, of the 
IMPROVEMENTS AND DISCOVERIES IN THE MEDICAL SCIENCES. 
This department of the Journal, so important to the practising physician, is the object of especial care on the part of the editor. It is classified and arranged under different heads, thus facilitating the researches of the reader in pursuit of particular subjects, and will be found to present a very full and accurate digest of nil observations, discoveries, and inventions recorded in every branch of medical science. The very extensive arrangements of the publishers are such as to afford to the editor complete materials for this purpose, as he not only regularly receives 
ALL THE AMERICAN MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PERIODICALS, 
but also twenty or thirty of the more important Journals issued in Great Britain and on the Contineat, thus enabling him to present in a convenient compass a thorough and complete abstract of everything interesting or important to the physician occurring in any part of the civilized world. To their old subscribers, many of whom have been on their list for twenty or thirty years, the publishers leel that no promises for the future are necessary; but those who may desire for the first time to subscribe, can rest assured that no exertion will be spared to maintain the Journal in the high position which it has occupied for so long a period. 
By reference to the terms it will be seen that, in addition to this large amount of valuable and practical information on every branch of medical science, the subscriber, by paying in advance, becomes entitled, without further charge, to / 
THE MEDICAL NEWS AND LIBRARY, 
a monthly periodical of thirty-two large octavo pages. Its "News Department" presents the current information of the day, while the "Library Department" isdevoted to presenting standard works on various branches of medicine. Within a few years, subscribers have thus receive*', without expense, many works of the highest character and practical value, such as " Watson's Practice," "Todd and Bowman's Physiology," " Malgaigne's Surgery," "West on Children," " West on Females, Part I.," "Habershon on the Alimentary Canal," &c. 
While the work at present appearing in its columns is 
CLINICAL LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. 
Professor J. Y. SIMPSON, of Edinburgh. 
WITH NUMEROUS HANDSOME ILLUSTRATIONS. 
These Lectures, published in England under the supervision of the Author, carry with them all the weigftt of his wide experience and distinguished reputation. Their eminently practical nature, and the importance of the subject treated, cannot fail to render them in the highest degree satisfactory to subscribers, who can thus secure them without cost. These Lectures arc continued in the "News" for 1862, 
It will thus be seen that for the small sum of FIVE DOLLARS, paid in advance, the subscriber will obtain a Quarterly and a Monthly periodical, 
EMBRACING NEARLY SIXTEEN HUNDRED LARGE OCTAVO PAGES, 
Those subscribers who do not pay in advance will bear in mind that their subscription of Five Dollars will entitle them to the Journal only, without the News, and that they will be at the expense of their own postage on the receipt of each number. The advantage of a remittance when ordering the Journal will thus be apparent. Remittances ol subscriptions can be mailed at our risk, when a certificate is taken from the Postmaster that the money is duly inclosed and forwarded. 
Address BLANCHARD & LEA, Philadelphia. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
3 
ASHTON (T. J.), Surgeon to the Blenheim Dispensary, Sec. 
ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND MALFORMATIONS OP THE RECTUM AND ANUS; with remarks on Habitual Constipation. From the third and enlarged London edition With handsome illustrations. In one very beautifully printed octavo volume, of about 300 pages. (Just Issued.) $2 00. 
Introduction. Chapter 1. Irritation and Itching of the Anus. II. Inflammation and Excoriation of the Anus. III. Excrescences of the Anal Region. IV. Contraction of the Anus. V. Fissure of the Anus and lower part of the Rectum. VI. Neuralgia of the Anus and extremity of the Rectum. VII. Inflammation of the Rectum. VIII. Ulceration of the Rectum. IX. Hemorrhoidal Affections. X. Enlargement of Hemorrhoidal Veins. XI. Prolapsus of the Rectum. XII. Abscess near the Rectum. XIII. Fistula in Ano. XIV. Polypi of the Rectum. XV. Stricture of the Rectum. XVI. Malignant Diseases of the Rectum. XVII. Injuries of the Rectum. XVIII. Foreign Bodies in the Rectum. XIX. Malformations of the Rectum. XX. Habitual Constipation. 
The most complete one we possess on the subject,, the excellent advice given in the concluding para- Medico-Chirurgical Review. graph above, would be to provide himselt with a We are satisfied, after a careful examination of c >py of the book from which it has been taken, and the volume, and a comparison of its content! witn diligently to con its instructive pages They may those of its leading predecessors und contemporaries, secure to him m iny a triumph and fervent blessing .— that the btst way for the reauer to avail himself of Am. Journal Med. Sciences. 
the excellent advice given in the concluding paragraph above, would be to provide himself with a c >py of the book from which it has been taken, and diligently to con its instructive pages They may secure to him m iny a triumph and fervent blessing .— Am. Journal Med. Sciences. 
ALLEN (J. M.), M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. 
THE PRACTICAL ANATOMIST; or, The Student's Guide in the Dissectiug- ROOM. With 266 illustrations. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, of over 600 pages, lea- 
ther. $2 25. 
We believe it to be one of the most useful works upon the subject ever written. It is handsomely illustrated, well printed, and will be found of convenient size for use in the dissecting-room.— Med. Examiner. However valuable may be the " Dissector's Guides" which we, of late, have had occasion to 
notice, we feel confident that the work of Dr. Allen is superior to any of them. We believe with tne author, that none is so fully illustrated as this, and the arrangement of the work is such as to facilitate the labors of the student. We most cordiilly recommend it to their attention.— Western Lanset. 
ANATOMICAL ATLAS. 
By Professors H. H. Smith and W. E. Horner, of the University of Pennsylvania. 1 vol. 8vo., extra cloth, with nearly 630 illustrations. See Smith, p. 331 
ABEL (F. A.), F. C.S. AND C. L. BLOX AM. HANDBOOK. OP CHEMISTRY, Theoretical, Practical, and Technical; with a Recommendatory Preface by Dr. Hofmann. In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of bo* pages, with illustrations. $3 25. 
ASH WELL (SAMUEL), M.D., Obstetric Physician and Lecturer to Guy's Hospital, London. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. Illustrated by Cases derived from Hospital and Private Practice. Third American, from the Third and revised London edition. In one octavo volume, extra cloth, ol 528 pages. $3 00. 
The most useful practical work on the subject in I Th<j most able, and certainly the most standard the English language. — Boston Med. and Surg, and practical, work on female diseases that we have Journal. | yet seen.— Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
Th<j most able, and certainly the most standard and practical, work on female diseases that we have yet seen.— Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
ARNOTT (NEILL), M. D. ELEMENTS OF PHYSICS.; or Natural Philosophy, General and Medical. Written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language. A new edition, by Isaac Hays, M. D. Complete in one octavo volume, leather, of 484 pages, with about two hundred illustrations. $2 50. 
BIRO (GOLDING), A. M., M. D., See. URINARY DEPOSITS: THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND THERAPEUTICAL INDICATIONS. Edited by Edmund Lloyd Birkett, M. D. A new American, from the fifth and enlarged London edition. Witheighty illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume, of a5out 400 pages, extra cloth. $2 00. (Just Issued.) 
The death of Dr. Bird has rendered it necessary to entrust the revision of the present edition to other hands, and in his performance of the duty thus devolving on him, Dr. Birkett has sedulously endeavored to carry out the author's plan by introducing such new matter and modifications ol the text as the progress of science has called for. Notwithstanding the utmost care to keep the work within a reasonable compass, these additions have resulted in a considerable enlargement. It is, therefore, hoped that it will be found fully up to the present condition of the subject, and that the reputation of the volume as a clear, complete, and compendious manual, will be fully maintained. 
> BENNETT (J. HUGHES), M.D., F. R. S. E., Professor of Clinical Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, &c. 
THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS, and on the Local Medication of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Diseases frequently mistaken for or associated with, Phthisis. One vol. 8vo.,extra cloth, with wood-cuts. pp. 130. $1 25. 


BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
4 
BUDD (GEORGE) M.D., F. R. S., Professor of Medicine in King's College, London. 
ON DISEASES OF THE LIVER. Third American, from the third and enlarged London edition. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with four beautifully colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. pp. 500. $3 00 
Has fairly established for itself a place among the elussical medical literature of England.— British ami Foreign Medir.o-Chir. Review. 
Dr. Budd's Treatise on Diseases of the Liver is now u standard work in Medical literature, and dur ing the intervals which have elapsed between the successive editions, the author has incorporated it. to the text the most striking novelties which have characterized the recent progress of hepatic physiology and pathology; so thut although the size of the book 
is not perceptibly changed, the history of liver diseases is made more complete, and is kept upon a level with the progress of modern science. It is the best work on Diseases of the Liver in any language.— London Med. Times and Gazette. 
This work, now the standard book of reference on the diseases of which it treats, has been carefully revised, and many new illustrations of the views of the learned author added in the present edition.— Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ON THE ORGANIC DISEASES AND FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS OF THE STOMACH. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. $1 50. 
BUCK NILL (J. C), M. D., and DANIEL H. TUKE, M. D., Medical Superintendent of the Devon Lunatic Asylum. Visiting Medical Officer to the York Retreat. 
A MANUAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE; containing the History, Nosology, Description, Statistics, Diafftiosis, Pathology, and Treatment of INSANITY. With a Plate. In ore handsome octavo volume, of 536 pages. $3 00. 
The increase of mental disease in its various forms, and the difficult questions to which it is constantly giving rise, render the subject one of daily enhanced interest, requiring on the part of the physician a constantly greater familiarity with this, the most perplexing branch of his profession. At the same time there has been for some years no work accessible in this country, presenting the results of recent investigations in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Insanity, and the greatly improved methods of treatment which have done so much in alleviating the condition or restoring Ihe health of the insane To fill this vacancy the publishers present this volume, assured that the distinguished reputation and experience of the authors will entitle it at once to the confidence of both student and practitioner. Its scope may be gathered from the declaration of the authors that " their aim has been to supply a text book which may serve as a guide in the acquisition ol such;knowledge, sufficiently elementary to be adapied to the wants of the student, and sufficiently modern in its views and explicit in its teaching to suffice for the demands of the practitioner." 
BENNETT (HENRY), M. D. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS, ITS CERVIX AND APPENDAGES, and on its connection with Uterine Disease. To which is added, a Review of the present state of Uterine Pathology. Fifth American, from the third English edition. In one octavo volume, of about 500 pages, extra clo:h. $2 00. 
BROWN (ISAAC BAKER), Surgeon-Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, Sec. 
ON SOME DISEASES OF WOMEN ADMITTING OF SURGICAL TREATMENT. With handsome illustrations. One vol. 8vo., extra cloth, pp 276. Si 60. 
Mr. Brown Hub earned for himself a high renjua- l tion in the operative treatment of sundry diseases and injuries to which females are peculiarly subject. We can truly say of his work that it is an important addition to obstetrical. literature. The operative suggestions and contrivances which Mr. Brown describes, exhibit much practical sagacity and skill, 
und merit the careful attention of every surgeon" accoucheur.— Association Journal. We have no hesitation in recommending this bc»i k to t'.it careful attention of all surgeons who make female coiupiaiati a partof their study anr 1 practice. — Dublin Quarterly Journal 
BOWMAN (JOHN E.), M.D. PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL CHEMISTRY. Second Ame- 
rican, from the third and revised English Edition. In one neat volume, royal l2mo., extra cloth, with numerous illustrations, pp. 288. $1 25. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY, INCLUDING ANALVSIS Second American, from the second and revised London edition. With numerous illustrations. In one neat vol., royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp.350 SI 25. 
BEALE ON THE LAWS OF HEALTH IN RELATION TO MIND AND BODY. A Series of Letters from an old Practitioner to a Patient. In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 296. 80 cents. 
BUSHNAN'S PHYSIOLOGY OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE LIFE; a Popular Treatise on the Functions and Phenomena of Organic Life. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, with over 100 illustrations, pp.234 . 80 cents. 
BUCKLER ON THE ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY > AND TREATMENT OF FIBRO-BRONCHITIS AND RHEUMATIC PNEUMONIA. In one 8vo. volume, extra cloth, pp. ISO. $125. 
BLOOD AND URINE (MANUALS O.N). BY JOHN WILLIAM GRIFFITH, G. OWEN REESE, AND ALFRED MARK WICK. One thick volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, with plates, pp. 460. $1 25. 
BRODIE'S CLINICAL LECTURES ON SURGERY. 1 vol. 8vo. cloth. 350 pp. CI 25. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
5 
BUMSTEAD (FREEMAN J.) M. D., Lecturer on Venereal Diseases at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, <fcc. 
THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF VENEREAL DISEASES, including the results of recent investigations upon the subject. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, of nearly 700 pages, extra cloth; $3 75. (Now Ready.) The object of the author has been to prepare a complete work, which should present the results of the most recent researches and modern experience on all branches of the subject, with special reference to the wants of the practitioner, theoretical disquisitions being rendered subordinate to practical utility. To show the thoroughness of the outline which is thus filled up, a condensed synopsis of the contents is subjoined. 
CONTENTS. Introduction. 
PART I.—Gonorrhoea and its Complications.—Chapter I. Urethral Gonorrhoea in the Male. Ii Gleet III. Balanitis. JV Phymosis. V. Paraphymosis. VI. Swelled Testicle. VII. Inflammation of the Prostate. VIII. Inflammation of tne Bladder. IX. Gonorrhoea in Women. X. Gonorrhoeal Ophthalmia. XI. Gonorrhoea! Rheumatism. XII. Vegetations. XIII. Stricture of the Urethra. 
PART II.—The Chancroid and its Complications: Syphilis.—Chap. I. Introductory remarks. II. Chancres. III. Affections of the Lymphatic Vessels and Ganglia attendant upon Primary Sores. IV. General Syphilis—Introductory remarks. V. Treatment of Syphilis. VI. Syphilitic Fever—State of the Blood—Affections of Lymphatic Ganglia. VII. Syphilitic Affections of the Skin. VIII. Syphilitic Alopecia, Onychia, and Paronychia. IX. Mucous Patches. X. Gummy Tumors. XI Syphilitic Affections of Mucous Membranes. XII. Syphilitic Affections of the Eye. XIII. Syphilitic Affections of the Ear. XIV. Syphilitic Orchitis. XV. Syphilitic Affections of the Muscles and Tendons. XVI. Syphilitic Affections of the Nervous System. XVII. Syphilitic Affections of the Periosteum and Bones. XVIII. Congenital Syphilis. 
BARCLAY (A. W .\ M. D., Assistant Physician to St. George's Hospital, &c. 
A MANUAL OF MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS; being an Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms of Disease. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of424 pages. $2 00. (Lately issued.) 
The task of composing such a work is neither an easy nor a light one; but Dr. Barelay has performed it in a manner which meets our most unqualified approbation. He is no mere theorist; he knows his work thoroughly, and in attempting to perform it, has not exceeded hispowers.— British Med. Journal. 
We venture to predict that the work will be deservedly popular, and soon become, like Watson's Practice, an indispensable necessity to the practitioner.—iV. A. Med. Journal. 
An inestimable work of reference for the young practitioner and student.— Nashville Med. Journal. 
We hope the volume will have an extensive circulation, not among students of medicine only, but practitioners also. They will never regret a faithful study of its pages.— Cincinnati Lancet. 
An important acquisition to medical litenture. It is a work of high merit, both from the vast iraporaace of the subject upon which it treats, and also from the real anility displayed in its elaboration. In conclusion, let us bespeak for this volume that attention of every student of our art which it so richly deserves - that place in every medical library which it can so well adorn.— Peninsular Medical Journal. 
BARLOW (GEORGE H.), M.D Physician to Guy's Hospital, London, &c. 
A MANUAL OF THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE. With Additions by D. F. Condie, M. D., author of" A Practical Treatise on Diseases of Children," &c. In one handsome octavo volume, leather, of over 600 pages. $2 75. 
We recommend Dr. Barlow's Manual in the warmest manner us a most valuable vade-mecum. We have had frequent occasion to consult it, and have found <t clear, concise, practical, and sound. It ia eminently a practical work, containing all that is essential, aud avoiding useless theoretical discussion. The work supplies what has been for some time warning, a manual of practice based upon modern discoveries in pathology and rational views of treatment of disease. It is especially intended for the use of students and junior practitioners, but it 
will be found hardly less useful to the experienced physician. The American editor has added to the work three chapters—on Cholera infantum, Yellow Fever, and Cerebro-spinal Meningitis. These additions, the two first of which are indispensable to a work on practice destined for the profession in this country, are executed with great judgment and fidelity, by Dr. Condie, who has also succeeded happily in imitating the conciseness and clearness of style which are such agreeable characteristics of the original book.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
BARTLETT (ELISHA), M. D. 
THE HISTORY, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF THE FEVERS OF THE UNITED STATES. A new and revised edition. By Alonzo Clark, M. D., Prof, of Pathology and Practical Medicine in the N. Y. College of Physicians and Surgeons, &c. In one octavo volume, of six hundred pages, extra cloth. Price $3 00. 
It ia a work of great practical value and interest, containing much that is new relative to the several diseases nf which it treats, and, with the additions of the editor, is fully up to the times. The distinctive features of the different forms of fever are plainly and forcibly portrayed, and the lines of demarcation carefully and accurately drawn, and to the American practitioner is a more valuable and safe guide than any work on fever extant.— Ohio Med. and Surg Journal. 
This excellent monograph on febrile disease., has 
stood deservedly high since its first publication. It will be seen that it has now reached its fourth edition under the supervision of Prof. A. Clark, a gentleman who, from the nature of his studies and pursuits, is well calculated to appreciate and discuss the many intricate and difficult questions in pathology. Hia annotations add much to the interest of the work, and have brought it well up to the condition of the science as it exists at the present nay in regard to this class of diseases.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 


6 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
BARWELL (RICHARD,) F- R. C. S., Assistant Surgeon Charing Cross Hospital, See. 
A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE JOINTS. Illustrated with engravings on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, of about 500 pages, extra cloth; $3 00. (Now Ready.) "A treatise on Diseases of the Joints equal to, or rather beyond the current knowledge of the day, has long been required—my professional brethren must judge whether the ensuing pages may supply the deficiency No author is fit to estimate his own work at the moment of its completion, but it may be permitted me to say that the study of joint diseases has very much occupied my attention, even from my studentship, and that for the last six or eight years my devotion to that subject has been almost unremitting The real weight of my work has been at the bedside, and the greatest labor devoted to interpreting symptoms and remedying their cause." —Author's Preface. 
At the outset we may state that the work is I worthy of much praise, and bears evidence of much thoughtful and careful inquiry, and here and there of no slight originality. We have already carrud this notice further than we intended to do, but not to the extent the work deserves. We can only add, that the perusal of it has afforded us great pleasure. The author has evidently worked very hard at his subject, and his investigations into the Physiology and Pathology of Joints have been carried on in a manner which entitles him to be listened to with attention and respect. We must not omit to mention the very admirable plates with which the volume is enriched. We seldom meet with such striking and faithful delineations of disease.— London Med. Times and Gazette, Feb. 9, 1861. 
We cannot take leave, however, of Mr. Barwell, without congratulating him on the interesting amount of information which he has compressed into his book. The work appears to us calculated 
to be of much use to the practising surgeon who may be in want of a treatise on diseases of the joints, and at the same time one which contains the latest information on artisular affections and the operations for their cure.— Dublin Med. Press, Feb. 27, 1861. 
This volume will be welcomed, both by the pathologist and the surgeon, as being the record of much honest research and careful investigation into the nature and treatment of a most important class of disorders. We cannot conclude this notice of a valuable and useful book without calling attention to the amount of bonll fide work it contains. In the present day of universal book-making, it is no slight mutter for a volume to show laborious investigation, and at the same time original thought, on the part of its author, whom we mav congratulate on the successful completion of his arduous task.— London Lancet, March 9, 1861. 
CARPENTER (WILLIAM BJ, M. D., F. R. S., ftc, Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. 
PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY; with their chief applications to Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine. A new American, from the last and revised London edition. With nearly three hundred illustrations. Edited, with additions, by Francis Gurney Smith, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. In one very large and beautiful octavo volume, of about nine hundred large pages, handsomely printed and strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $4 25. 
In the preparation of this new edition, the author has spared no labor to render it, as heretofore, a complete and lucid exposition of the most advanced condition of its important subject. The amount of the additions required to effect this object thoroughly, joined to the former large size oi the volume, presenting objections arising from the unwieldy bulk of the work, he has omitted all those portions not bearing directly upon Human Physiology, designing to incorporate them in his forthcoming Treatise on General Physiology. As a full and accurate text-book on the Physiology of Man, the work in its present condition therefore presents even greater claims upon the student and physician than those which have heretofore won for it the very wide and distinguished favor •which it has so long enjoyed. The additions of Prof. Smith will be found to supply whatever may have been wanting to the American student, while the introduction of many new illustrations, and the most careful mechanical execution, render the volume one of the most attractive as yet issued. 
For upwards of thirteen years Dr. Carpenter's I work has been considered by the profession gene- j rally, both in this country and England, as the most valuable compendium on the subject of physiology in our language. This distinction it owes to the high attainments and unwearied industry of its aceom- i f dished author. The present edition (which, like the ast American one, was prepared by the author himself), is the result of such extensive revision, that it may almost be considered a new work. We need hardly say, in concluding this brief notice, that while the work is indispensable to every student of medicine in this country, it will amply repay the practitioner for its perusal by the interest and value of its contents.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
This is a standard work—the text-book used by all medical students who read the English language. It has passed through several editions in order to keep pace with the rapidly growing science of Physiology. Nothing need be said in its praise, for its merits are universally known ; we have nothing to say of its defects, for they only appear where the science of which it treats is incomplete.— Western Lancet. 
The most complete exposition of physiology which any language can at present give.— Brit, and For. Med.'Chirurg. Review. 
The greatest, the most reliable, and the best book on the subject which we know of in the English language.— Stethoscope. 
To eulogize this great work would be superfluous. We should observe, however, that in this edition the author has remodelled a large portion of the former, and the editor has added much matter of interest, especially in the form of illustrations. We may confidently recommend it as the most complete work on Human Physiology in our language.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
The most complete work on the science in our language.— Am. Med. Journal. 
The most complete work now extant in our language.—N. O. Med. Register. 
The best text-book in the language on this extensive subject.— London Med. Times. 
A complete cyclopaedia of this branch of science. — N. Y. Med. Times. 
The profession of this country, and perhaps also of Europe, have anxiously and for some time awaited the announcement of this new edition of Carpenter's Human Physiology. His former editions have for many years been almost the only text-book on Physiology in all our medical schools, and its circulation among the profession has been unsurpassed by any work in any department of medical science. It is quite unnecessary for us to speak of this work as its merits would justify. The mere announcement of its appearance will afford the highest pleasure to every student of Physiology, while ita perusal will be of infinite service in advancing physiological science.— Ohio Med. and Surg. Journ. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
7 
CARPENTER (WILLIAM B.) f M. D., F. R. S., 
Examiner in Physiology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of London. 
THE MICROSCOPE AND ITS REVELATIONS. With an Appendix containing the Applications of the Microscope to Clinical Medicine, &c. By F. G. Smith, M. D. Illustrated by lour hundred aud thirty-four beautilul engravings on wood. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, of 724 pages, extra cloth, $4 00; leather, $4 50. 
Dr. Carpenter's position as a microscopist and physiologist, and his great experience as a teacher, eminently qualify him to produce what has long been wanted—a good text-book on the practical use of the microscope. In the present volume his object has been, as stated in his Preface, '< to combine, within a moderate compass, that information with regard to the use of his 'tools,' which is most essential to the working microscopist, with such an account of the objects best fitted for his study, as might qualify him to comprehend what he observes, and might thus prepare him to benefit science, whilst expanding and refreshing his own mind " That he hassucceeded in accomplishing this, no one acquainted with his previous labors can doubt. The great importance of the microscope as a means of diagnosis, and the number of microscopists who are also physicians, have induced the American publishers, with the author's approval, to add an Appendix, carefully prepared by Professor Smith, on the applications of the instrument to clinical medicine, together with an account of American Microscopes, their modifications and accessories. This portion of the work is illustrated with nearly one hundred wood-cuts, and, it is hoped, will adapt the volume more particularly to the use of the American student. 
Those who are acquainted with Dr. Carpenter's previous writings on Animal and Vegetable Physiology, will fully understand how vasta store of knowledge he is able to bring to bear upon so comprehensive a subject as the revelations of the microscope ; and even those who have no previous acquaintance with the construction or uses of this instrument, will find abundance of information conveyed in clear and simple language.— Med. Times and Gazette. 
Although originally not intended as a strictly 
medical work, the additions by Prof. Smith give it a positive claim upon the profession, for which we doubt not he will receive their sincere thanks. Indeed, we know not where the student of medicine will find such a complete and satisfactory collection of microscopic facts bearing upon physiology and practical medicine as is contained in Prof. Smith's appendix; and this of itself, it seems to us, is fully worth the cost of the volume.— Louisville Medical Review. 
THE SAME AUTHOR. 
ELEMENTS (OR MANUAL) OF PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Second American, from a new and revised London edition. With one hundred and ninety illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, pp. 566. $3 00. 
In publishing the first edition of this work, Us title was altered from that ol the London volume, by the substitution of the word "Elements" for that of " Manual," and with the author's sanction the title of " Elements" is still retained as being more expressive of the scope of the treatise. 
To say that it is the best manual of Physiology now before the public, would not do sufficient justice to the author.— Buffalo Medical Journal. 
In his former works it would seem that he had exhausted the subjectof Physiology. In the present, he gives the essence, as it were, ofthe whole.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
Those who have occasion for an elementary treatise on Physiology, cannot do better than to possess themselves of the manual of Dr. Carpenter.— Medical Examiner. 
The best and most complete expose! of modern Physiology, in one volume, extant in the English language.— St. Louis Medical Journal. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. PRINCIPLES OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY. New American, from the Fourth and Revised London edition. In one large and handsome octavo volume, with over three hundred beautiful illustrations, pp. 752. Extra cloth, $4 80; leather, raised bands, $5 25. 
three hundred beautiful illustrations, pp. 752. 
This book should not only be read but thoroughly studied by every member of the profession. None are too wise or old, to be benefited thereby. But especially to the younger class would we cordially commend it as best fitted of any work in the English language to qualify them for the reception and comprehension of those truths which are daily being developed in physiology.— Medical Counsellor. 
Without pretending to it, it is an encyclopedia of the subject, accurate and complete in all respects— a truthful reflection of the advanced state at which the science has now arrived.— Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science. 
A truly magnificent work—in itself a perfect phy Biological study.— Ranking''s Abstract. 
This work stands without its fellow. It is one few men in Europe could have undertaken; it is one 
no man, we believe, could have brought to so successful an issue as Dr. Carpenter, ft required for its production a physiologist at once deeply read in the labors of others, capable of taking a general, critical, and unprejudiced view of those labors, ana of combining the varied, heterogeneous materials at his disposal, so as to form an harmonious whole. We feel that this abstract can give the reader a very imperfect idea of the fulness of this work, and no idea of its unity, of the admirable manner in which material has been brought, from the most various sources, to conduce to its completeness, of the lucidity of the reasoning it contains, or of the clearness of language in which the whole is clothed. Not the profession only, but the scientific world at large, must feel deeply indebted to Dr. Carpenter for this freat work. It must, indeed, add largely even to is high reputation.— Medical Times. 
THE same author. (Preparing.) 
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY, INCLUDING ORGANIC 
CHEMISTRY AND HISTOLOGY. With a General Sketch of the Vegetable and Animal Kingdom. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with several hundred illustrations. 
THE SAME AUTHOR. 
A PRIZE ESSAY ON THE USE OF ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE. New edition, with a Preface by D. F. Condie, M. D., and explanations of scientific words. In one neat 12mo. volume, extra cloth, pp. 178. 50 cents. 


BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
8 
CONDIE (D. F.), M. D., tec. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN. Fifth 
edition, reviser! and augmented. In one large volume, 8vo., leather, of over 750 pages. 93 25. (Just Issued, 1859.) 
In presenting a new and revised edition of this favorite work, the publishers have only to state that the author has endeavored to render it in every respect "a complete and faithful expjsition ol the pathology and therapeutics of the maladies incident to the earlier stages of existence—a full and exact account of the diseases of infancy and childhood." To accomplish this he has subjected the whole work to a careful and thorough revision, rewriting a considerable portion, and adding several new chapters. In this manner it is hoped that any deficiencies which may have previously existed have been supplied, that the recent labors of practitioners and observers have been thoroughly incorporated, and that in every point the work will be found to maintain the high reputation it has enjoyed as a complete and thoroughly practical book of reierence in infantile affections. A few notices of previous editions are subjoined. 
Dr. Condie's scholarship, acumen, industry, and practical sense ure manifested in this, as in all his numerous contributions to science.— Dr. Holmes's Report to the American Medical Association. Taken as a whole, in our judgment, Dr. Condie's Treatise is the one from the perusal of which the practitioner in this country will rise with the greatest satisfaction.— Western Journal of Medicine and Surge ry. 
One of the best works upon the Diseases of Chil dren in the English language.— Western Lancet. 
We feel assured from actual experience that nc physician's library can be complete without a copy of thiswork.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
A veritable pediatric encyclopaedia, and an honoi to American medical literature.— Ohio Medical and Surgical Journal. 
We feel persuaded that the American medical profession will soon regard it not only as a very good, but as the very best "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children."— American Medical Journal 
In the department of infantile therapeutics, the work of Dr. Condie is considered one of the best which has been published in the English language. — The Stethoscope. 
! We pronounced the first edition to be the beat work on the diseases of children in the English language, and, notwithstanding all that has men published, we still regard it in that light.— Medical Examiner. 
The value of works by native authors on the diseases which the physician is called upon to combat, will be appreciated by all; and the work of Dr. Condie has gained for itself the character of a safe guide tor students, and a useful work for consultation by those engaged in practice.— N. Y. Med Times. 
This is the fourth edition of this deservedly popular treatise. During the interval since the last edition, it has been subjected to a thorough revision by the author; and all new observations in the pathology and therapeutics of children have been included in the present volume. As we said bi fore, we do not know of a better book on diseases of children, and to a large part of its recommendations we yield an unhesitating concurrence.— Buffalo Med. Journal. 
Perhaps the most full and complete work now before the profession of the United States; indeed, we may say in the English language. It is vastly superior to most of its predecessors.— Transylvania Med. Journal 
CHRISTISON (ROBERT), M. D., V. P. R. S. E., &c. A DISPENSATORY; or, Commentary on the Pharmacopoeias of Great Britain and the United States; comprising the Natural History, Description, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Aclions, Uses, and Doses of the Articles of the Materia Medica. Second edition, revised and improved, with a Supplement containing the most important New Remedies. With copious Additions, and two hundred and thirteen large wood-engravings. By R. Eglesfeld Griffith, M. D. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, of over 1000 pages. $3 50. 
COOPER (BRANSBY BJ, F. R. S. LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. In one very large octavo volume, extra cloth, of 750 pages. $3 00. 
COOPER ON DISLOCATIONS AND FRACTURES OF THE JOINTS —Edited by Bransby B. Cooper, F. R. S., &c. With additional Observations by Prof. J. C. Warren. A new American edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 501) pages, with numerous illustrations on wood. S3 25. 
COOPER ON THE ANATOMY AND DISRASES OF THE BREAST, with twenty-five Miscellaneous and Surgical Papers. One large volume, imperial 8vo., extra cloth, with 252 figures, on 36 plates. $2 50. 
COOPER ON THE STRUCTURE AND DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, AND ON THE THYMUS GLAND. One vol. imperial 8vo., extra cloth, with 177 figures on 29 plates. $2 00. 
COPLAND ON THE CAUSES, NATURE, AND TREATMENT OF PALSY AND APOPLEXY. In one volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth, pp. 326. 80 cents. 
CLYMER ON FEVERS; THEIR DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT In one octavo volume, leather, of 600 pages. $1 50. 
COLOMBAT DE L'ISERE ON THE DISEASE8 OF FEMALES, and on the special Hygiene of their Sex. Translated, with many Notes and Additions, by C. D. Meigs, M. D. Second edition, revised and improved. In one large volume, octavo, leather, with numerous wood-cuts. pp. 720. $3 50. 
CARSON (JOSEPH), M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. SYNOPSIS OF THE COURSE OF LECTURES ON MATERIA MEDICA AND PHARMACY, delivered in the University ol Pennsylvania Second and revised edition. In one very neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 208 pages $1 50. 
I 
CURLING (T. B.), F. R.S., Surgeon to the London Hospital, President of the Hunterian Society, &c. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE TESTIS, SPERMATIC CORD, AND SCROTUM. Second American, from the second and enlarged English edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with numerous illustrations, pp. 420. $2 00. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
9 
CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M. R. I. A. ON THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OP MIDWIFERY. A new American from the fourth revised and enlarged London edition. With Notes and Additions, by D. Francis Condie, M. D., author of a "Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children," &c. With 194 illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, of nearly 700 large pages. $3 50. (Just Issued.) 
This work has been so long an established favorite, both as a text-book for the learner and as a reliable aid in consultation lor the practitioner, that in presenting a new edition it is only necessary to call attention to the very extended improvements which it lias received. Having had the benefit of two revisions by the author since the last American reprint, it has been materially enlarged, and Dr. Churchill's well-known conscientious industry is a guarantee that every portion has been thoroughly brought up with the latest results of European investigation in all departments of the science and art of obstetrics. The recent date of the last Dublin edition has not left much of novelty for the American editor to introduce, but he has endeavored to insert whalevir has since appeared, together with such matters as his experience has shown him would be desirable for the American student, including a large number of illustrations. With the sanction of the author he has added in the form of an appendix, some chapters from a little "Manual for Midwives and Nurses," recently issued by Dr. Churchill, believing that the details there presented can hardly fail to prove of advantage to the junior practitioner. Tne result of all these additions is that the work now contains fully one-half more matter than the last American edition, with nearly one-half more illustrations, so lhat notwithstanding the use of a smaller type, the volume contains almost two hundred pages more than before. 
No effort has been spared to secure an improvement in the mechanical execution of the work equal to that which the text has received, and the volume is confidently presented as one of the handsomest that has thus far been laid betbre tbe American profession; while the very low price at whieii it is offered should secure for it a place in every lecture-room and on every office table. 
A better book in which to learn these important points we have not met than Dr. Churchill's. Every page of it is full of instruction; the opinion of all writers of authority is given on questions of difficulty, as well as the directions and advice of the teamed autnor himself, to which he adds the result of statistical inquiry, putting statistics in their pio per place and giving them their due weight, and no more. We have never read a book more free from professional jealousy than Dr. Churchill's. It appears to be written with the true design of a book on medicine, viz: to give all that is known on the subject of which he treats, both theoretically and practically, and to advance such opinions of his own as Jphe believes will benefit medical scitnce, and insure the safety of the patient. We have said enough to convey to the profession that this book of Dr. Cnurcnill's is admirably suited for a book of reference for the practitioner, as well as a text-book for the student, and we hope it may be extensively purchased amongst our readers. To them we most strongly recommend it. — Dublin Medical Press, June 20, 1960. 
To bestow praise on a book that has received such marked approbation would be superfluous. We need only say, therefore, that if the first edition was thought worthy of a favorable reception by the medical public, we can confidently affirm that this will be found much more so. The lecturer, the practitioner, and the student, may all have recourse to its pages, and derive from their perusal much interest and instruction in everything relating to theoretical and practical midwifery.— Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science. 
A work of very great merit, and such as we can confidently recommend to the study of every obstetric practitioner.— London Medical Gazette. 
This is certainly the most perfect system extant. It is the best adapted for the purposes of a textbook, and that which he whose necessities confine him to one book, should select in preference to all others.— Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
The most popular work on midwifery ever issued from the American press.— Charleston Med. Journal. Were we reduced to the necessity of having but me work on midwifery, and permitted to choose, sire would unhesitatingly take Churchill.— Western Wed. and Surg. Journal. It is impossible to conceive a more useful and ilegant manual than Dr. Churchill's Practice of Vliawifery.— Provincial Medical Journal. Certainly, in our opinion, the very best work on he subject which exists.— N. Y. Annalist. 
No work holds a higher position, or is more deserving of being placed in the hands of the tyro, the advanced student, or the practitioner.— Medical Examiner. 
Previous editions, under the editorial supervision of Prof R. M. Huston, have been received with marked favor, and they deserved it; but this, reprinted from a very late Dublin edition, carefully revised and brought up by the author to the present time, does present an unusually accurate and able exposition of every important particular embraced in the department of midwifery. * * The clearness, directness, and precision of its teachings, together with the great amount of statistical research which its text exhibits, have served to place it already in the foremost rank of works in this department of remedial science.— N. O. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
In our opinion, it forms one of the best if not the very best text-book and epitome of obstetric science which we at present possess in the English language.—Monthly Journal of Medical Science. 
The clearness and precision of style in which it is written, and the greatamountof statistical research which it contains,have served to place it in the first rank of works in this departmentof medical science. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
Few treatises will be found better adapted as a text-book for the student, or as a manual for the frequent consultation of the young practitioner.— American Medical Journal. 
BY the same author. (Lately Published.) ON THE DISEASES OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. Second American Edition, revised and enlarged by the author. Edited, with Notes, by W. V. Keating, M. D. In one large and handsome volume, extra cloth, of over 700 pages. $3 00, or in leather, $3 25. In preparing this work a second time for the American profession, the author has spared no labor in giving it a very thorough revision, introducing several new chapters, and rewriting others, while every portion of the volume has been subjected to a severe scrutiny. The efforts of the American editor have been directed to supplying such information relative to matters peculiar to this country as might have escaped the attention of the author, and the whole may, therefore, be safely pronounced one of the most complete works on the subject accessible to the American Profession. By an alteration in the size of the page, these very extensive additions have been accommodated without unduly increasing the size of the work. 
THE SAME AUTHOR. 
ESSAYS ON THE * PUERPERAL FEVER, AND OTHER DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN. Selected from the writings of British Authors previous to the close of the Eighteenth Century. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 450 pages. $2 50. 


10 
BLANCHARD <fc LEA'S MEDICAL 
CHURCHILL (FLEETWOOD), M. D., M. R. I. A., ttc. ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN; including those of Pregnancy and Childbed. A new American edition, revised by the Author. With Notes and Additions, by D Francis Condie, M. D., author oi "A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of'Children." With numerous illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume, leather, of 768 pages. $3 00. This edition ol Dr. Churchill's very popular treatise may almost be termed a new work, so thoroughly has he revised it in every portion. It will be found greatly enlarged, and completely brought up to the most recent condition of the subjeot, while the very handsome series of illustrations introduced, representing such pathological conditions as can be accurately portrayed, present a novel feature, and afford valuable assistance to the young practitioner. Such additions as appeared desirable for the American student have been made by the editor, Dr. Condie, while a marked improvement in the mechanical execution keeps pace with the advance in all other respects which the volume has undergone, while the price has been kept at the former very moderate rate. 
It comprises, unquestionably, one of the most exact and comprehensive expositions of the present state of medical knowledge in respect to the diseases of women that has yet been published.— Am. Journ. Med. Sciences. 
This work is the most reliable which we possess on this subject; and is deservedly popular with the profession.— Charleston Med. Journal, July, 1857. 
We know of no author who deserves that approbation, on "the diseases of females," to the same 
extent that Dr. Churchill does. His, indeed, is the only thorough treatise we know of on the subject ; and it may be commended to practitioners and students as a masterpiece in its particular department. — Tki Western Journal of Medicineand Surgery. 
As a comprehensive manual for students, or a work of reference for practitioners, it surpasses any other that has ever issued on the same subject from the British press.— Dublin Quart. Journal. 
DICKSON (S. H.), M. D., Professor of Practice of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
ELEMENTS OF MEDICINE; a Compendious View of Pathology and Therapeutics, or the History and Treatment of Diseases. Second edition, revised, hi one large and handsome octavo volume of 750 pages, leather. $3 75. (Just Iss-ued.) 
The steady demand which has so soon exhausted the first edition of this work, sufficiently shows that the author was not mistaken in supposing that a volume of this character was needed—an elementary manual of practice, which should present the leading principles of medicine with the practical results, in a condensed and perspicuous manner. Disencumbered of unnecessary detail and fruitless speculations, it embodies what is most requisite for the student to learn, and at the same time what the active practitioner wants when obliged, in the daily calls of his profession, to refresh his memory on special points. The clear and attractive style of the author renders the whole easy of comprehension, while his long experience gives to his teachings an authority everywhere acknowledged. Few physicians, indeed, have had wider opportunities for observation and experience, and few, perhaps, have used them to belter purpose. As the result of a long life devoted to study and practice, the present edition, revised and brought up to the date of publication, will doubtless maintain the reputation already acquired as a condensed and convenient Americaa text-book on the Practice of Medicine. 
DRUITT (ROBERT), M.R. C.S., feo. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF MODERN SURGERY. A new 
and revised American from the eighth enlarged and improved London edition. Illustrated with four hundred and thirty-two wood-engravings. In one very handsomely printed octavo volume., leather, of nearly 700 latge pages. §3 50. (Just Issued.) 
A work which like Druitt's Surgery has for so many years maintained the position of a leading favorite with all classes of the profession, needs no special recommendation to attract attention to a revised edition. It is only necessary to state that the author has spared no pains to keep the work up to its well earned reputation of presenting in a small and convenient compass the latest condition of every department of surgery, considered both as a science and as an art; and that the services of a competent American editor have been employed to introduce whatever novelties may have escaped the author's attention, or may prove of service to the American practitioner. As several editions have appeared in London since the issue of the last American reprint, the volume has had the benefit of repeated revisions by the author, resulting in a very thorough alteration and improvement. The extent of these additions may be estimated from the fact that it now contains about one-third more matter than the previous American edition, and that notwithstanding the adoption of a smaller type, the pages have been increased by about one hundred, while nearly two hundred and fifty wood-cuts have been added to the former list of illustrations. A marked improvement will also be perceived in the mechanical and artistieal execution of the work, which, printed in the best style, on new type, and fine paper, leaves little to be desired as regards external finish; while at the very low price affixed it will be found one of the cheapest volumes accessible to the profession. 
This popular volume, now a most comprehensive work on surgery, has undergone many corrections, improvements, and additions, and the principles and the practice of the art have been brought down to the latest record and observation. Of the operations in surgery it is impossible to speak too highly. The descriptions are so clear and concise, and the illustrations so accurate and numerous, that the student can have no difficulty, with instrument in hand, and book by his side, over the dead body, in obtaining a proper knowledge and sufficient tact in this much neglected department of medical education.— British and Foreign Medico-Chirurg. Review, Jan. I960. 
In the present edition the author has entirely rewritten many of the chapters, and has incorporated the various improvements and additions in modern surgery. On carefully going over it, we find that 
nothing of real practical importance has been omitted ; it presents a faithful epitome of everything relating t > surgery up to the present hour. It is deservedly a popular manual, both with the student and practitioner.— London Lancet, Nov. 19,1859. 
In closing this brief notice, we recommend as cordially as ever this most useful and comprehensive hand-book. It must prove a vast assistance, not only to the student of surgery, but also to the busy practitioner who may not have the leisure to devote himself to the study of more lengthy volumes.— London Med. Times and Gazette, Oct. 22, 1859. 
In a word, this eighth edition of Dr. Druitt's Manual of Surgery is all that the surgical student or practitioner could desire. — Dublin Quarterly Journal of Med. Sciences, Nov. 1859. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
11 
DALTON, JR. (J. C), M. D. 
Professor of Physiology in the College of Physicians, New York. 
A TREATISE ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, designed for the use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine. Second edition, revised and enlarged, with two hundred and seventy-one illustrations on wood. In one very beautiful octavo volume, of 700 pages, extra cloth, $4 00; leather, raised bands, $4 50. (Just Issued, 1861.) 
The general favor which has so soon exhausted an edition of this work has afforded the author an opportunity in its revision of supplying the deficiencies which existed in the former volume. 
This has caused the insertion of two new chapters—one on the Special Senses, the other on Imbibition, Exhalation, and the Functions of the Lymphatic System—besides numerous additions of smaller amount scattered through the work, and a general revision designed to bring- it thoroughly up to the present condition of the science with regard to all points which may be considered as definitely settled. A number of new illustrations has been introduced, and the work, it is hoped, in its improved form, may continue to command the confidence of those for whose use it is intended 
It will be seen, therefore, that Dr. Dalton's best efforts have been directed towards perfecting his work. The additions are marked by tne same features which characterize the remainder of the volume, and render it by far the most desirable textbook on physiology to place in the hands of the student which, so far as we are aware, exists in the English language, or perhaps in any other. We therefore have no hesitation in recommending Dr. Dalton's book for the classes for which it is intended, satisfied as we are that it is better adapted to their ute than any other work of the kind to which they have access.— American Journal of the Med. Sciences, April, 1861. 
It is, therefore, no disparagement to the many books upon physiology, most excellent in their day, to say that Dalton's is the only one that gives us the science as it was known to the best philosophers throughout the world, at the beginning of the current year. It states in comprehensive but concise diction, the facts established by experiment, or other method of demonstration, and details, in an understandable manner, how it is done, but abstains from the discussion of unsettled or theoretical p oints. Herein it is unique; and these characteristics ren. tier it a text-book without a rival, for those who desire to study physiological science as it is known to its most successful cultivators. And it is physiology thus presented that lies at the foundation of correct pathological knowledge; and this in turn is the basis of rational therapeutics ; so that pathDlogy, in fact, becomes of prime importance in the proper discharge of our every-day practical duties. —Cincinnati Lancet, May, 1861. 
Dr. Dalton needs no word of praise from us. He is universally recognized as among the first, if not the very first, of American physiologists now living. The first edition of his admirable work appeared but two years since, and the advance of science, his 
own original views and experiments, together with a desire to supply what he considered some deficiencies in the first edition, have already made the present one a necessity, and it will no doubt be even more eagerly sought for than the first. That it is not merely a reprint, will be seen from the author's statement of the following principal additions and alterations which he has made. The present, like the first edition, is printed in the highest style of the printer's art, and the illustrations are truly admirable tor their clearness in expressing exactly what their author intended.— Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, March 28, 1861. 
It is unnecessary to give a detail of the additions; suffice it to say, that they are numerous and important, and such as will render the work still more valuable and acceptable to the profession as a learned and original treatise on this all-important branch of medicine. All that was said in commendation of the getting up of the first edition, and the superior style of the illustrations, apply with equal force to this. No better work on physiology can be placed in the hand of the student.— St. Louis Medical and Surgical Journal, May, 1861. 
These additions, while testifying to the learning and industry of the author, render the book exceedingly useful, as the most complete expose of a science, of which Dr. Dalton is doubtless the ablest representative on this side of the Atlantic.— New Orleans Med. Times, May, 1861. 
A second edition of this deservedly popular work having been called for in the short space of two years, the author has suprlied deficiencies, which existed in the former volume, and has thus more completely fulfilled his design of presenting to the profession a reliable and precise text- book, and one which we consider the best outline on the subject, of which it treats, in any language.— N. American Medico-Chirurg. Review, May, 1861. 
DUNGLISON, FORBES, TWEEDIE, AND CONOLLY. THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE: comprising Treatises on the Nature and Treatment of Diseases, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics, Diseases of Women and Children, Medical Jurisprudence, &c. &c. In four large super-royal octavo volumes, of 3254 double-eolumned pages, strongly and handsomely bound, with raised bands. $12 00. This work contains no less than four hundred and eighteen distinct treatises, contributed by sixty-eight distinguished physicians, rendering it a complete library of reference for the country practitioner. 
The most complete work on Practical Medicine extant; or, at least, in our language.— Buffalo Medical and Surgical Journal. 
For reference, it is above all price to every prac. titioner.— Western Lancet. 
One of the most valuable medical publications of the day—as a work of reference it is invaluable.— Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
It has been to us, both as learner and teacher, a work for ready and frequent reference, one in which modern English medicine is exhibited in the most advantageous light.— Medical Examiner. 
The editors are practitioners of established reputation, and the list of contributors embraces many of the most eminent professorsand teachers of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and Glasgow. It is, indeed, the great merit ot this work that theprincipal articles have been furnished by practitioners who have not only devoted especial attention to the diseases about which they have written, but have also enjoyed opportunities for an extensive practical acquaintance with them and whose reputation carries the assurance of their competency justly to appreciate the opinions of others, while it stamps their own doctrines wit! high and just authority.— American Medical Journal. 
DEWEES'S COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEM OF MIDWIFERY. Illustrated by occasional cases and many engravings. Twelfth edition, with the author's last improvements and corrections In one octavo volume, extra cloth, of 600 pages. $320. 
DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE PHYSICAL 
AND MEDICAL TREATMENT OF CHILDREN. The last edition. In one volume, octavo, extra cloth, 548 pages. $2 80 
DEWEES'S TREATISE ON THE DISEASES OF FEMALES. Tenth edition. In one volume, octavo extra cloth, 532 pages, with plates. $3 00 
? 


12 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, 
NEW AND ENLARGED EDITION. 
MEDICAL LEXICON; a Dictionary of Medical Science, containing a concise Explanation of the various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, Dentistry, iVc. Notices of Climate and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations, &c. With French and other Synonymes. Revised and very greafly enlarged. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 992 double-columned pages, in small type; strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Price $4 00. 
E«pecial care has been devoted in the preparation of this edition to render it in every respect worthy a continuance of the very remarkable favor which it has hitherto enjoyed. The rapid sale of Fifteen large editions, and the constantly increasing demand, show that it is regarded by Ihe profession as the standard authority. Stimulated by this fact, the author has endeavored in the present revision to introduce whatever might be necessary "to make it a satisfactory and desirable—if not indispensable—lexicon, in which the student may search without disappointment for every term that has been legitimated in the nomenclature of the science." To accomplish this, large additions have been found requisite, and the extent of the author's labors may be estimated from the fact that about Six Thousand subjects and terms have been introduced throughout, rendering the whole number of dennitionS"Hbuui Giaii Thousand, to accommodate which, thefHMBr— ber of pages has been increased by nearly a hundred, notwithstanding an enlargement in the siae of the paee. The medical press, both in this eountry and in England, has pronounced the work indispensable to nil medical students and practitioners, and the piesent improved edition will not lose that enviable reputation. 
The publishers have endeavored to render the mechanical execution worthy of a volume of such universal use in daily reference. The greatest care hns been exercised to obtain the typographical accuracy so necessary in a work of the kind. By the small but exceedingly clear type employed, an immense amount of matter is condensed in its thousand ample pages, while the binding will be found strong and durable. With all these improvements and enlargements, the price has been kept at fhe former very moderate rate, placing it within the reach of all. 
This work, the appearance of the fifteenth edition of which, it has become oar duty and pleasure to announce, is perhaps the most stupendous monument of labor and erudition in medical literature. One would hardly suppose after constant use of the preceding editions, where we have never failed to find a sufficiently full explanation of ever) medical term, that in this edition " about six thousand subjects and terms have been added," with a careful revision and correction of the entire work. It is only necessary to announce the advent of this edition to make it occupy the place of the preceding one on the table of every medical man, as it is without doubt thebest and most comprehensive work of the kind which has ever appeared.— Buffalo Med. Journ., Jan. 1858. The work ia a monument of patient research, skilful judgment, and vast physical labor, that will perpetuate the name of the author more effectually than any possible device of stone or metal. Dr. Dunglison deserves the thanks not only of the American profession, but of the whole medical world.— North Am. Medico-Chir. Review, Jan. 1858. 
A Medical Dictionary better adapted for the wants of the profession than any other with which we are acquainted, and of a character which places it far above comparison and competition.— Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1858. 
We need only say, that the addition of 6,000 new terms, with their accompanying definitions, may be said to constitute a new work, by itself. We have examined the Dictionary attentively, and ure moat happy to pronounce it unrivalled of its kind. The erudition displayed, and the extraordinary industry which must have been demanded, in its preparation and perfection, redound to the lasting credit of its author, and have furnished us with a volume indispensable at the present day, to all who would find themselves au niveau with the highest standards of medical information.— Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Dec. 31, 1857. 
Good lexicons and encyelopedic works generally, are the most labor-saving contrivanees which literary men enjoy; and the labor which is required to produce them in the perfect manner of this example ia something appalling to contemplate. The author 
tells us in his prefaee that he has added about six thousand terms and subjects to this edition, which, before, was considered universally as the best work of the kind in any language.— Silliman's Journal. Mareh, 1858. He has razed his gigantic structure to the foundations, and remodelled" and reconstructed the entire pile. No less than six thousand additional subjects and terms are illustrated and analyzed in this new edition, swelling the grand aggregate to beyond sixty thousand ! Thus is placed before the profession a complete and thorough exponent of medical terminology, without rival or possibility of rivalry. — Nashville Journ. of Med. and Surg., Jan. 1858. 
It is universally acknowledged, we believe, thai this work is incomparably the best and most complete Medical Lexicon in tbe English language. The amount of labor which the distinguished authoT has bestowed upon it is truly wonderful, and the learning and research displayed in its preparation are equally remarkable. Comment and commendation are unnecessary, as no one at the present day thinks of puichasing any other Medieal Dictionary than this.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journ., Jaa. 1858. 
It is the foundation stone of a good medieal library, and should always be included in the first list of books purchased by the medical student.— Am. Med. Monthly, Jan. 1858. A very perfect work of the kind, undoubtedly the most perfect in the English language.— Med. and Surg. Reporter, Jan. 1868. 
It is now emphatically the Medical Dictionary oj the English language, and for it there ia no substitute.— N. H. Med. Journ., Jaa. 18£«. 
It is scarcely necessary to remark that any medical library wanting a copy of Dungtiaon's Lexicon must be imperfect.— Cin. Lancet, Jan. 1858. 
We have ever considered it thebestauthority published, and the present edition we may safely say has no equal in the world.— Peninsular Med. Journal/. Jan.1858. 
The most complete authority on tbe subject to foandin any language.— Va. Med. Journal, Feb. '58. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. THE PRACTICE OP MEDICINE. A Treatise on Special Pathology and Tk» rapeutics. Third Edition. In two largu octavo volumes, leather, of 1,500 pages. $6 35., 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
13 
DUNGLISON (ROBLEY), M.D., 
Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. 
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY. Eighth edition. Thoroughly revised and extensively modified and enlarged, with five hundred and thirty-two illustrations. In two large and handsomely printed octavo volumes, leather, of about 1500 pages. $7 00. 
In revising this work for its eighth appearance, the author ha* spared no labor to render it worthy a continuance of the very great favor which has been extended to it by the profession. The whole contents have been rearranged, and to a great extent remodelled; the investigations which of late years have been so numerous and so important, have been carefully examined and iucorp >rated, and the work in every respect has been brought up to a level with the present state of the subject. The object of the author has been to render it a concise but comprehensive treatise, containing the whole body of physiological science, to which the student and man of science can ut all times refer with the certainty of finding whatever they are in search of, fully presented in all its aspects; and on no former edition has the author bestowed more labor to secure this result. 
We believe that it can truly be said, no more complete repertory of tacts upon the subject treated, can anywhere be found. The author has, moreover, that enviable tact at description and that facility and ease of expression which render him peculiarly acceptable to the casual, or the studious reader. This faculty, so requisite in Betting -fm ih—many graver and less attractive subjects, lends additional charms to one always fascinating.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
The best work of the kind in the English language.—Silliman's Journal. 
The present edition the author has made a pciict mirror of the science as it is at the present hour. As a work upon physiology proper, the science of the functions performed by the body, the student wil 1 "find it all he wishes.— Nashville Journ of Med 
That he has succeeded. most admirably succeeded in his purpose, is apparent from the appearance of an eighth edition. It is now the ereat encyclopaedia on the subject, and worthy of a place in every physician's library.— Western Lancet. 
The most complete and satisfactory system of Physiology in the English language.— Amer. Med Journal. 
the same author. (A new edition.) 
GENERAL THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; adapted for a Medical Text-book. With Indexes of Remedies and of Diseases and their Remedies. Sixth Edition, revised and improved. With one hundred and ninety-three illustrations. In two large and handsomely printed octavo vols., leather, of about 1100 pages. $6 00. 
In announcing a new edition of Dr. Dunglison's General Tnerapeutics and Materia Medica, we have no words of commendation to bestow upon a work whose merits have been heretofore so often and so justly extolled. It must not be supposed, however, that the present is a mere reprint of the previous edition: the character of the author for laborious research, judicious analysis, and clearness of expression, is fully sustained by the numerous additions he has made to the work, and the careful re- Vision to which he has subjected the whole.—JV. A. Medico-Chir. Review, Jan. 1858. 
The work will, we have little doubt, be bought and read by the majority of medical students; its size, arrangement, and reliability recommend it to all; no one, we venture to predict, will study it without profit, and there are few to whom it will not be in some measure useful as a work of ref rence. The young practitioner, more especially, will find the copious indexes appendi d to this edition of great assistance in the selection and preparation of suitable formulae.— Charleston Med. Journ. and Review, Jan. 1858. 
the same author. (A new Edition.) 
NEW REMEDIES, WITH FORMULAE FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND ADMINISTRATION. Seventh edition, with extensive Additions. In one very large octavo volume, leather, of 770 pages. $3 75. 
Another edition of the " New Remedies" having been called for, the author has endeavored to add everything of moment that has appeared since the publication of the last edition. The articles treated of in the foimer editions will be found to have undergone considerable vxpansion in this, in order that the author might be enabled to introduce, as far as practicable, the results of the subsequent experience of others, as well as of his own observation and reflection ; and to make the work still more deserving of the extended circulation with which the preceding editions have been favored by the profession. By an enlargement of the page, the numerous additions have been incorporated without greatly increasing the bulk of the volume. — Preface. 
One of the most useful of the author's works.— Southern Medical and Surgical Journal. 
This elaborate and useful volume should be found in every medical library, for as a book of reference, for physicians, it is unsurpassed by anyother Work in existence, and the double index for diseases and for remedies, will be found greatly t<. enhance its value.— New York Med. Gazette. 
The great learning of the author, and his remarkable industry in pushing his researches into every source whence information is derivable,have enabled him to throw together an extensive mass of facts and statements, accompanied by full reference to authorities; which last feature renders the work practically valuable to investigators who desire t.n examine the original papers.— The American Journal of Pharmacy. 
ELLIS (BENJAMIN), M.D. 
THE MEDICAL FORMULARY: being a Collection of Prescriptions, derived from the writings and practice of many of the most eminent physicians of America and Europe. Together with the usual Dietetic Preparations and Antidotes for Poisons. To which is added an Appendix, on the Endermic use of Medicines, and on the use of Ether and Chloroform The whole accompanied with a few brief Pharmaceutic and Medical Observations. Eleventh edition, revised and much extended by Robert P. Thomas, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (Preparing.) 


BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
14 
ERICH SEN (JOHN), Professor of Surgery in University College, London, Ac. 
THE SCIENCE AND ART OF SURGERY; being a Treatise on Surgical Injuriks. Diseases, and Operations. New and improved American, from the second enlarged and carefully revised London edition. Illustrated with over four hundred engravings on wood. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of one thousand closely printed pages, leather, raised bands. $4 50. (Just Issued.) 
The very distinguished favor with which this work has been received on both sides of the Atlantic has stimulated the author to render it even more worthy of the position which it has so rapidly attained as a standard authority. Every portion has been carefully revised, numerous additions have been made, and the most watchful care has been exercised to render it a complete exponent of the most advanced condition of surgical science. In this manner the work has been enlarged by about a hundred pages, while the series of engravings has been increased by more than a hundred, rendering it one of the most thoroughly illustrated volumes before the profession. The additions oi the author having rendered unnecessary most of the notes of the former American editor, but little has been added in this country; some tew notes and occasional illustrations have, however, been introduced to elucidate American modes of practice. 
It is, in our humble judgment, decidedly the best : book of the kind in the English language. Strange ! that just such books are notoftener produced by pub- I lie teachers of surgery In this country and Great i Uritain Indeed, it is a matter of great astonishment, but no less true than astonishing, that of the many works on surgery republished in this country within the last fifteen or twenty years as text-books for medical students, this is the only one that even approximates to the fulfilment of the peculiar wants of youngmeii justentermgupontbe study of this branch of the profession.— Western Jour, of Med. an<t Surgery. 
Its value is greatly enhanced by a very copious well-arranged index. We regard this as one of ihe most valuable contributions to modern surgery. To one entering his novitiate, of practice, we regard ii the most serviceable guide which he can consult. He will find a fulnessof detailleadinghim through every 
step of the operation, and not deserting him until the final issue of the case is decided.— Sethoscojie. Embracing, as will be perceived, the whole surgical domain, and each division of itself almost complete and perfect, each chapterfull and explicit, each subject faithfully exhibited, we can only express oui estimate of it in the aggregate. We consider it an excellent contribution to surgery, as probably the bes' single volume now extant on the subject, and wilh great pleasure wo add it to our text-books.— Nashville. Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
Prof. Erichsen's work, for its size, has not been surpassed; his nine hundred and eight pages, profusely illustrated, are rich in physiological, pathological, and operative suggestions, doctrines, details, and processes ; and will prove a reliable resource for information, both to physician and surgeon, in the hour of peril.— JV. 0. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
FLINT (AUSTIN), M. D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in the University of Louisville, &c. PHYSICAL EXPLORATION AND DIAGNOSIS OP DISEASES AFFECTING THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS. In one large and handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, 636 pages. $3 00. 
We regard it, in point both of arrangement and of the marked ability of its treatment of the subjects, as destined to lake the first rank in works of this class So far as our information extends, it has at present no equal. To the practitioner, as well as the student, it will be invaluable in clearing up the diagnosis of doubtful cases, and in shedding light upon difficult phenomena.— Buffalo Med. Journal. 
A work of original observation of the highest merit. We recommend the treatise to every one who wishes to become a correct auscultator. Based to a very large extent upon eases numerically examined, it carries the evidence of careful study and discrimination upon every page. It does credit to the author, and, through him, to the profession in this country. It is, what we cannot call every book upon auscultation, a readable book.— Am. Jour. Med. Sciences. 
by the same author. (Now Ready.) A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DIAGNOSIS, PATHOLOGY, AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE HEART. In one neat octavo volume, of about 500 pages, extra cloth. $2 75. 
We do no' know that Dr. Flint lias written any- j thing which is not. first rate ; but this, his latest con- j tribution to medical literature, in our opinion, surpasses all the others. The work is most comprehensive in its scope, and most sound in the views it enunciates. The descriptions are clear and methodical ; the statements are substantiated by facts, aid are mnde with such simplicity and sincerity, that without them they would carry conviction. The style is admirably clear, direct, and free from drvness With Dr. VValshe's excellent treatise before us, we lit ve no hesitation in saying that Dr. Flint's book is j the best work on the heart in the English language. 1 — Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
We have thus endeavored to present our readers With a fair analysis of this remarkable work. Pre- ' ferrlng to employ the very words of thedistinguished author, wherever it was possible, we have essayed to condense into the briefest spacea general view of his observations and suggestions, and to direct the attention of our brethren to the abounding stores of valuable matter here collected and arranged for their use and instruction. No medica 1 library will here after be considered complete without this volume; and we trus f it will promptly find its way into the hands of every Ame'ican student and physician.— iV Am. Med. Chir. Review. 
This last work of Prof. Flint will add much to his previous well-earned celebrity, as u writer of 
great forceand beauty, and, with his previous work, nlaees him at the head of American writers upon diseases of the chest. We have adopted his work upon the heart as a text-book, believing it to be more valuable for that purpose than any work of the kind that has yet appeared.— Nashville Med. Journ. 
With more than pleasure do >ve hail the advent of this work, for it fills a wide gap on the list t f textbooks for our schools, and is, lor the practitioner, the n.ost valuable practical work of its kind.—iV. O. Med. New%. 
In regard to the merits of the work, we have no hesitation in pronouncing it full, accurate, and judicious. Considering the present state of science, such a work was much needed. It should be in the hands of every practitioner.— Chicago Med. Journal. 
But these are verv trivial spots, and in no wise prevent us from declaring our most hearty approval of the author's ability, industry, and conscientiousness.—Dublin Quarterly Journal of Med. Sciences. 
He has laborer 1 on wi'h the same industry and care, and his place among the first authors of our country is becoming fully established. To this end, the work whose title is given above, contributes in ro small degree. Our space will not admit of tn extended analysis, and we will close this orief no»ice by commending it without reserve to every class of readers in the profession.— Peninsular Med. Journ. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
15 
FOWNES (GEORGE), PH. D., He. A MANUAL OF ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY; Theoretical and Practical. From the seventh revised and corrected London edition. With one hundred and ninety-seven illustrations Edited by Robert Bridges, M. I). In one large royal 12mo. volume, of 600 pages. In leather, $1 65; extra cloth, $1 50. (Just Issued.) 
The death of the author having placed the editorial care of this work in the practised hands ol Drs. Bence Jones and A. W. Hoffman, everything has been done in its revision which experience could suggest to keep it on a level with the rapid advance of chemicul science. The additions requisite to this purpose have necessitated an enlargement of the page, notwithstanding which the work has been increased by about fifty pages. At the same time every care has been used to maintain its distinctive character as a condensed manual for the student, divested of all unnecessary detail or mere theoretical speculation. The additions have, of course, been mainly in the department of Organic Chemistry, which has made such rapid progress within the last few years, but vet equal attention has been bestowed on the other branches of the subject-rChemieal Physics and Inorganic Chemistry—to present all investigations and discoveries of importance, and to keep up the reputation of the volume as a complete manual of the whole science, admirably adapted ("or the learner. By the use of a small but exceedingly clear type tbe matter of a large octavo is compressed within the convenient and portable limits of a moderate sized duodecimo, and at the very low price affixed, it is offered as one of the cheapest volumes before the profession. 
Dr. Fownes'excellent work has been universally recognized everywhere in his own and thiscountry, as the best elementary treatise on chemistry in the English tongue, and is very generally adopted, we believe, as the standard text- book in all < ur colleges, both literary and scientific— Charleston Med Journ. and Review. 
A standard manual, which has long enjoyed the reputation of embodying much knowledge in a small space. The author hasachieved the difficult task of condensation with masterly tact. His book is concise without being dry, and brief without being too dogmatical or general.— Virginia Med. and Surgical Journal. 
The work of Dr. Fownes has long been before the public, and its merits have been fully appreciated as the best text-book on chemistry now in existence. We do not, of course, place it. in a rank superior to the works of Brande, Graham, Turner, Gregory, or Gmelin, but we say that, as a work for students, it is preferable to any of them.—London Journal of Medicine. 
A work well adapted to the wants of the student It is an excellent exposition of the chief doctrines and facts of modern chemistry. The size of the work, and still more the condensed yet perspicuous stylt in which it is written, absolve it from the charges very properly urged against most manuals termed popular.— Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science 
FISKE FUND PRIZE ESSAYS — THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE ON TUBERCULOUS DISEASE. By Edwin Lbe.M.R.C.S .London, and THE INFLUENCE OF PREGNANCY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TUBERCLES By 
Edward Warren, M. D , of Edenton, N. C. Together in one neat 8v<> volume, extra cloth. $U 00, FRICK ON RENAL AFFECTIONS*; their Diagnosis and Pathology. With illustrations. Ore volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth. 75 cents 
FERGUSSON (WILLIAM), F. R. S., Professor of Surgery in King's College, London, &c. A SYSTEM OF PRACTICAL SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third 
and enlarged London edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, of about 700 pages, with 393 handsome illustrations, leather. $3 00. 
GRAHAM (THOMAS), F. R. S. THE ELEMENTS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, including the Applications of the Science in the Arts. New and much enlarged edition, by Henry Watts and Robert Bridges, M. D. Complete in one large and handsome octavo volume, of over 800 very large pages, with two hundred and thirty-two wood-cuts, extra cloth. $4 00. Part II., completing the work from p. 431 to end, with Index, Title Matter, &c, may be had separate, cloth backs and paper sides. Price $2<60. 
From Prof. E. N. Horsford, Harvard College. It has, in its earlier and less perfect editions, been familiar to me, and the excellence of its plan and the clearness and completeness of its discussions, have long been my admiration. 
No reader of English works on this science can 
afford to be without this edition of Prof. Graham's Elements.— Silliman's Journal, March, 1858. 
From Prof. Wolcott Gibbs, N. Y. Free Academy. The work is an admirable one in all respects,and its republication here cannot fail to exert a positive influence upon the progress of science in this country. 
GRIFFITH (ROBERT E.), M. D., gtc. A UNIVERSAL FORMULARY, containing the methods of Preparing and Administering Officinal and other Medicines. The whole adapted to Physicians and Pharmaceutists. Second Edition, thoroughly revised, with numerous additions, by Robert P. Thomas M. D., Professor of Materia Medica in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one large and handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 650 pages, double columns. $3 00; or in sheep, $3 25. 
It was a work requiring much perseverance, and when published was looked upon as by far the best work of its kind that had issued from the American i press. Prof Thomas has certainly "improved," as i well as added to this Formulary, and has rendered it additionally deserving of the confidence of pharma- , oculists and physicians.— Am. Journal of Pharmacy. , We are happy to announce a new and improved edition of this, one of the most valuable and useful works that have emanated from an American pen. It would do credit to any country, and will be found of daily usefulness to practitioners of medicine; it is better adapted to their purposes than the dispensatories.—Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. It is one of the most useful books a country practitioner can possibly have. — Medical Chronicle. 
This is a work of six hundred and fifty-one page*, unbracing all on the subject of preparing and administering medicines that can be desired by the phy?i-reian and pharmaceutist.— Western Lancet. The amountof useful, every-day matter.for a prac licing physician, is really immense.— Boston Med and Surg. Journal. This edition has been greatly improved by the revision and ample additions of Dr Thomas, and Is now, we believe, one of the mosi complete works of its kind in any language. The additions amount to about seventy pages, and nr effort ha* been spared to include in them all the recent improvements \ work of this kind appears to us indispensable 10 ihe physician, and there is none «ve can more cordially recommend. AT Y Joumalof Medicine. 


16 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
GROSS (SAMUEL D.), M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medieal College of Philadelphia, &o. 
Enlarged Edition —Now Ready, January, 1862. 
A SYSTEM OF SURGERY: Pathological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Operative. Illustrated by Twelve Hundred and Twenty-seven Engravings. Second edition, much and car-'fully re"i-ed. In two large and beautifully printed octavo volumes, of about twemy-two hundred pages; strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Price $12. 
The exhaustion in little more than two years of a large edition of so elaborate and comprehensive a woik as this is the best evidence that Ihe author was not mistaken in his estimate of the want which existed of a complete American System of Surgery, presenting the science in all its necessary de'ails and in all its branches. That he has succeeded in the attempt to supply this want is shown not only by the rapid sale of the work, but also by the very favorable manner in which it has been received by the organs of the profession in this country and in Europe, and by the fact that * translation is now preparing in Holland —a mark of appreciation not often bestowed on any scientific work so extended in size 
The author has not been insensible to the kindness thus bestowed upon his labors, and in revising the work for a new edition he has spared no pains to render it worthy of the favor with which it has been received. Every portion has been subjected to close examination and revision ; any deficiencies apparent have been supplied, and the results of recent progress in the science and art of surgery have been everywhere introduced ; while the series of illustrations has been enlarged by the addition of nearly three hundred wood-cuts, rendering it one of the most thoroughly illustrated works ever laid before the profession. To accommodate these very extensive additions, the work has been printed upon a smaller type, so that notwithstanding the very large increase in the matter and value of the book, its size is more convenient and less cumbrous than before. Every care has been taken in Ihe printing to render the typographical execution unexceptionable, and it is confidently presented as a work in every way worthy of a place in even the most limited library of the p actitioner or student. A few testimonials of the value of the former edition are appended. 
Has Dr. Gross satisfactorily fulfilled this object ? A caieful perusal of his volumes enables us to give an answer in the affirmative. Not only has he given to the reader an elaoorate and well-written account of his own vait experience, but he has not failed to embody in his pages the opinions and practice of sunreons in tins and other countries of Europe. The result has been a work of such completeness, that it has no superior in the systematic treatises on surgery which huve emanated from English or Cuiiti nental authors. It has been justly objected that these have been far from complete in many essential particulars, m»ny of them having been deficient in some of the most, important points should characterize such works Some of them have been elaborate—too elaborate—with respect lo certain diseases, while they have merely glanced at, or given an unsatisfactory account of, others equally important to the surgeon. Dr. Gross has avoided l his error, and has produced the most complete work that has yet issued from the press on the science and practice of surgery It is not, strictly speaking, a Dictb nary of Surgery, but it gives to the render all the information I hat he may require for his treat nent of surgical diseases. I laving said so much, it might apnear superfluous to add another w >rd ; but it is only due to Dr. Grins to state that be has embraced the opportunity of transferring to his pages a vast number ot engravings from English and other autuors, illustrative ot the pathology and treatment of surgical diseases. To these are added several hun dred original wood-cuts. The work altogether commentis itEelf to the attention of Biitibii surgeons, from whom it cannot fail to meet, with extensive patronage.— London Lancet, Sept. 1, 18b'0. 
Of Dr. Gross's treatise on Surgery we can say no more than that it is the most elaborate and compltte work on thiB branch of tht I eaiing art which has ever been published in any country. A systematic woik, it admits of no analytical review; but, did our space permit, we should gladly give some extracts from it, to enable our readers to judge of the classical style of the author, and the exhausting way in which each subject is treated.— Dublin Quarterly Journal of Med. Science. 
The work is so superior to its predecessors in matter and extent, as well as in illustrations and style of publication, that we can honestly recommend it as the best work of the kind to be taken home by the young practitioner.— Am. Med. Journ. 
With pleasure we record the comp'etion of this long-anticipt ted work. The reputation which the author has for many years sustained, both as a surgeon and as a writer, had prepared us to expect a treatise of great excellence and originality; but we confess we were by no means prepared tor-the work which is before us—the most complete treatise upon surgery ever published, either in ibis or any otm r country, and we might, perhaps, su<elv say, the most original. There is no subject belonging properly to surgery which has not received from the authoi a due share of attention. Dr. Grots has supplied a want in surgical literature which has long been felt by practitioners; he has fuinishet' us with a complete practical treatise upon surgery in all its departments As Antiencins, we are proud of the achievement; as surgeons, we are most sincerely thankful to him for his extraord nary labors in our behalf —JV. Y. Monthly Review and Buffalo Med. .Tourna'. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ELEMENTS OF PATHOLOGLCAL ANATOMY. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly improved. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, with about three hundred and fifty beautiful illustrations, of which a large number are from original drawings. Price in extra cloth, 94 75; leather, raised bands, i"S 25. (Lately Published.) The very rapid advances in the Science of Pathological Anatomy during the last few years have rendered essential a thorough modification of this work, with a view of making it a correct exponent of the present state of the subject. The very careful manner in which this task has been executed, and the amount of alteration which it has undergone, have enabled the author to say that " with the many changes and improvements now introduced, the work may be regarded almost as a new treatise," while the efforts of the author have been seconded as regards the mechanical execution of the volume, rendering it one of the handsomest productions of the American press. 
We most sincerely congratulate the author on the successful manner in which he has accomplished his proposed object. His book is most admirably calculated to fill up a blank which has long been felt to exist in this department of medical literature, and as such must become very'widely circulated amongst all classes of the profession.— Dublin Quarterly Journ. of Med. Science, Nov. 1867. 
We have been favorably impressed with the general manner in which Dr Grogs has executed his task of affording a comprehensive digest of the present state of the literature of Pathological Anatomy, and have much plensure in recommending his work to our readers, as we believe one well deserving of diligent perusal and careful study.— Montreal Med. Chron., Sept. 1857. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FOREIGN BODIES IN THE AIR-PASSAGES. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, with illustrations, pp. 468. $2 75. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
17 
GROSS (SAMUEL D.), M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Sec. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE DISEASES, INJURIES, AND MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINAKY BLADDER, THE PROSTATE GLAND, AND THE URETHRA. Second Edition, revised and much enlarged, with one hundred and eightyfour illustrations. In one large and very handsome octavo volume, of over nine hundred pages. Tn leather, raised bands, $5 25; extra cloth, $4 75. 
Philosophical in ts design, methodical in its arrangement, ample and sound in its practical details, it may in truth be said to leave scarcely anything to be desired on so important a subject.— Boston Med. anil Sure Journal Whoever will peruse the vast amount of valuable practical information it contains, will, we think, 
! agree with us, that there is no work in the English | language which can make any just pretensions to be its equal.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine-. A volume replete with truths and principles of the jtmost value in the investigation of these diseases.— American Medical Journal. 
GRAY (HENRY), F. R. S., Lecturer on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital, London, &ft. 
ANATOMY, DESCRIPTIVE AND SURGICAL. The Drawings by H. V. Carter, M D., late Demonstrator on Anatomy at St. George's Hospital; the Dissections jointly by the Author and Dr. Carter. Second American, from the seond revised and improved London edition. In one magnificent imperial octavo volume, of over 800 pages, with 388 large and elaborate engravings on wood. Price in extra cloth, $6 25; leather, raised bauds, $7 00. (Now Ready, 1802.) The speedy exhaustion of a large edition of this work is sufficient evidence that its plan and execution have been found to present superior practical advantages in facilitating the study of Anaiomy In presenting it to the profession a second time, the author has availed himself of the opportunity to supply any deficiencies which experience in its use had shown to exist, and to correct any errors of detail, to which the first edition of a scientific work on so extensive and complicated a science is liable. These improvements have resulted in some increase in the size of the volume, while twenty-six new wood-cuts have been added to the beautiful series of illustrations which form so distinctive a feature of the work. The American edition has been passed through the press under the supervision of a competent professional man, who has taken every care to render it in all respects accurate, and it is now presented, without any increase of price, as fitted to maintain and extend the popularity which it has everywhere acquired 
With little trouble, the busy practitioner whose knowledge of anatomy may have become obscured by want of practice, may now resuscitate his former anatomical lore, and be ready for any emergency- It is to this class of individuals, and not to the student alone, that this work will ultimately tend to be of most incalculable advantage, and we feel satisfied that the library of the medical man will soon be considered incomplete in which a cony of this work does not exist.- Madras Quarterly Journal of Med. Science, July, 1861. 
This edition is much imptoved and eularged, and contains several new illustrations by Dr. Westmacott. The volume is a complete companion to the dissecting-room, and saves the necessity of the stu dent possessing a variety of" Manuals."— The Lon don Lancet, Feb. 9, 1661. 
The work before us is one entitled to the highest praise, and we accordingly welcome it as a valuable addition to medical literature. Intermediate in fulness of detail between the treatises of S lar pey and of Wilson, its characteristic merit lies in the number and excellence of the engravings it contains. Most of these are original, of much larger than ordinary size, and admiral) y executed. The various parts are also lettered after the plan adopted in Holden's Osteology. It would be difficult to over-estimate the advantages ottered by this mode of piciorial ill us ration Bones, ligaments, muscles, bloodvessels, and nerves are each in turn figured, and marked with their appropriate names; thus enabling the student topi mprehend, atn glance, what would otherwise often be ignoied, or at any rate, acquired only by prolonged and irksome application. In conclusion, we heartily commend the wtirk of Mr. Gray to the attention of the medical profession, feeling certain that it should be regarded as one of the most valuable contributions ever made to educational literature — N. Y. Monthly Review. Dec. 1859. 
In this view, we regard the work of Mr Gray as far better adapted to the wants of the profession, and especially of the student, than any treatise on anatomy yet published in thiscountry. It is destined, we believe, to supersede til others, both as a manual of dissections, and a standard of reference to the student of general t>r relative anatomy. — N. Y. Journal of Medicine, Nov. 1859. 
For this truly admirable work the profession is indebted to the distinguished author of " Gray on the Spleen." The vacancy it fills has been long felt 
to exist in this country. Mr. Gray writes throughout with both branches of his subject in view. His description of each particular part is followed by a notice of its relations to tie narts with which it is connected, and this, too, sufficiently ample for all the purposes of the operative surgeon. After describing the bones and muscles, he gives a concise statement of the fractures to which the bones of the extremities are most liable, together with the amount and direction of the displacement to which the fragments are subjected by muscular action. The section on arteries is remarkably full and accurate. Not only is the surgical anatomv given to every important vessel, with directions for its ligation, but at the end of the description of each arterial trunk we have a useful summary of the irregularities which may occur in its origin, course, and termination.— N. A. Med. Chir. Review, Mar. 1859. 
Mr. Gray's book, in excellency of arrangement and completeness of execution, exceeds any w >rk on anatomy hitherto published in the English language, affording a complete view of the structure of the human body, with especial reference to practical sureery. Thus the volume constitutes a perfect book of reference for the practitioner, demanding a place in even the most limited library of the physician or Burgeon, and a work of necessity for the student to fix in his mind what he has learned by the dissecting knife from the book of nature.— The Dublin Quarterly Journal of Med. Sciences, Nov. 1858. 
In our judgment, the mode of illustration adopted in the present volume cannot but present many advantages to the student, of anatomy. To the zealous disciple of Vesalius, earnestly desirous of real improvement, the book will certainly be of immense value; but, at the same time, we must also confess that to those simply desirous of "cramming" it will be an undoubted godsend. The peculiar value of Mr. Gray's mode of illustration is nowhere more markedly evident than in the chapter on osteology, and especially iu those portions which treat of the bones of the head and of thsir development. The study of these parts is thus made.one of comparative engc, if not of positive pleasure: and those bugbears of the student, the temporal and sphenoid bones, ure shorn of half their terrors. It is, in our estimation, an admirable and complete text-book for the student, and a useful work of reference for the practitioner; its pictorial character forming a novel element, to which we have already sufficiently alluded.— Am. Journ. Med. Set., July, 1859. 


18 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
GIBSON'S INSTITUTES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Eighth edition, improved aiid al tend. With thirty-four plates. In two handsome octavo volumes, containing about 1,000 pages, leather, raised band i. $6 50 
GARDNER'S MEDICAL CHEMISTRY, for the use of Students and the Profession. In one royal l2mo. vol., cloth, pp. 396, with wood-cuts. 81. 
GLUGE'S ATLAS OF PATHOLOGICAL HIS TOLOGY. Trur.slated, with Notes and Addi 
tions. by Joseph Leidy, M. D. In one volume, very large imperial quarto, extra cloth, witi 320 copper- plate figures, plain and colored, $5 00. 
HUGHES' INTRODUCTION TO THE PRACTICE OF AUSCULTATION ANL OTHER MODES OF PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS IN DISEASES OF THE LUNGS AND HEART. Second edition 1 vol. royal 12 mu.j vx. clothj pp. 304 . 81 00. 
HAMILTON (FRANK H.), M. D. f Professor of Surgery in the Long Island College Hospital. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON FRACTURES AND DISLOCATIONS. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of over 750 pages, with 289 illustrations. $4 25. (Now Ready, January, 1800.) 
Among the many good workers at surgery of whom America may now v >onst r ot the least is Frank Hastings Hamilton ; and tbe volume before us is ( we say it wi'h a pang of wounded patriotism) the best and handiest book on trie subject in the Et glish language. It is in vain to attempt a review of it; nearly as vain to seek for any sins, either of commission or omission. We have seen no work on practical surgery which we would sooner recommend to our brother surgetms, especially those of '' the services," i r those whose practice lies in districts wneie a man has necessarily to rely on his own unaided resources. The practitioner will find in 't directions for nearly every possible ac;iuent, easily found and comprehended ; and much pleasant leading for him to muse over in the after cons ideration of his cases.— Edinburgh Med. Journ. Feb 1661. This is a valuable contribution to the surgery of most important affections, and is the more welcome, inasmuch as at the present time we do not possess a single complete treatise on Fractures and Dislocations in the English language. It has remained for our American brother to produce a complete treatise upon the subject, and bring together in a convenient form those alterations and improvements tliat have been made from time to time in the treatment of these affections. One great and valuable feature in the work before us is the fact that it comprises all the improvements introduced into the practice of both English and American surgery, and though far from omitting mention of our continental neighbors, the author by no means encourages the notion—but too prevalent in some quarters—that nothing is good unless imported from France or Germany. The latter half of the work is devoted to the consideration of the various dislocations and their appropriate treatment, and its merit is fully equal to that of the preceding portion.— The London Lancet,Mu.y 5, 1906. 
It is emphatically the book upon the subjects of Whiun it treats, and we cannot doubt that it will Continue bo to be for an indefinite period of time. When we say, however, that we believe it will at once take ils place as the best book for consultation by the practitioner; and that it will form the most complete, available, aud reliable guide in emergencies of every nature connected with its subjects; and also that the student of surgery may make it his textbook with entire confidence, and with pleasure also, from its agreeable and easy style—we think our own 
opinion may be gathered as to its value.— Ronton Medical and Surgical Journal, March I, 1860. 
The work is concise, judicious, and accurate, and adapted to the wants of the student, practitioner, and investigator, honorable to the author and to the profession.— Chicago Med. Journal, March, 1860. 
We regard this work as an honor not only to its author, but to the profession of our country. Were we to review it. thoroughly, we could not convey to the mind of the reader more forcibly our honest opinion expressed in the few words—we think it the best book ot its kind extant. Every man interested in surgery will soon have this work on his desk. He who does not, will be the loser.— New Orleans Medical News, March, 1860. 
Now that it is before us, we feel bound to say that much as was expected from it, and onerous as was the undertaking, it has surpassed expectation, and achieved more than was pledged in its behalf; for its title does not express in full the richness of its contents. On the whole, we are prouder of this work than of any which has for years emanated from the American medical press; its sale will certainly be very large in this country, and we anticipate its eliciting much attention in Europe.—Nashville Medical Record, Mar. 1860. 
Every surgeon, young and old, should possess himself of it, and give it a careful perusal, in doing whicli he will be richly repaid.— St, Louis Med. and Surg. Journal, March, 1860. 
Dr. Hamilton is fortunate in having succeeded in filling the void, so long felt, with what cannot fail to be at once accepted as a model monograph in some respects, and a work of classical authority. We sincerely congratulate the profession of the United States on the appearance of such a publication from one of their number. We have reason to be proud of it as an original work, both in a literary and scientific point of view, and to esteem it as a valuable guide in a most difficult and important branch of study and practice. On every account, therefore, we hope that it may soon be widely known abroad as an evidence of genuine progress on this side of the Atlantic, and further, that it may be still more widely known at home as an authoritative teacher from which every one may profitably learn, and as affording an example of honest, well-directed, and untiring industry in authorship which every surgeon may emulate.- Am. Med. Journal, April, 1860. 
HOBLYN (RICHARD D.), M. D. A DICTIONARY OF THE TERMS USED IN MEDICINE AND THE COLLATERAL SCIENCES. A new American edition. Revised, with numerous Additions, by Isaac Hays, M. D., editor of the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences." In one large royal 12mo. volume, leather, of over 500 double columned pages. $ 1 50. 
To both practitioner and student, we recommend this dictionary us being convenient in size, accurate in definition, and sufficiently full and complete for ordinary consultation.— Charleston Med. Journ. 
We know of no dictionary better arranged and adapted. Itisnoteneumberedwiththeobsoleteterms of a bygone age, but it contains all that are now in 
use ; embracing every department of medical science | down to the very latest date.— Western Lancet. Hoblyn's Dictionary has long been a favorite with us. It is the best book of definitions we have, and ought always to be upon the student's table.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
HOLLAND'S MEDICAL NOTES AND REFLECTIONS. From the third London edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. 83. 
HORNER'S SPECIAL ANATOMY AND HIS- 
TOLOGY. Eighth edition. Extensivly revised and modified. In two large octavo volumes, extra cloth, of more than 1000 pages, with over 300 illustrations. $6 00. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
19 
HODGE (HUGH L.), M.D., Professor of Midwifery and the Diseases of Women and Children in the University of Pennsylvania, Sec. ON DISEASES PECULIAR TO WOMEN, including Displacements of the Uterus. With original illustrations. In one beautifully printed octavo volume, of nearly 500 pages, extra cloth. $3 25. (Now Ready.) 
We will say at once that the work fulfils its object capitally well j and we will moreover venture the assertion that it will inaugurate an imnroved practice throughout, this whole country. The secrets of the author's success are so clearly revealed that the attentive student cannot fail to insure agoodly portion ot similar success in his own practice. It is a credit to all medical literature; and we add, that the physician who does not place it in his library, and who does not faithfully con its pages, will lose a vast deal of knowledge that would be most useful to himself and beneficial to his patients. It is a practical work of the highest order of merit; and it will take rank as such immediately.— Maryland and Virginia Medical Journal, Feb. 1861. 
This contribution towards the elucidation of the pathology und treatment of some of the diseases peculiar to women, cannot fail to meet with a favorable reception from the medical profession. The character of the particular maladies of which the work before us treats; their frequency, variety,and obseuiity ; the amount of malaise and even of actual suffering by which they are invariably attended; their obstinacy, the difficulty with which they are overcome, and tl eir disposition again and again to lecur—these, taken in connection with the entire competency of the author to render a correct account of their nature, their causes, and their appro- 
priate management—his ample experience, his matured judgment, and his perfect conscientiousness— invest this publication with an interest and value to which few of the medical treatises of a recent date can lay a stronger, if, perchance, »n equal claim.— Am. Journ. Med. Sciences, Jan. 1861. 
Indeed, although no part of the volume is not eminently deserving of perusal and study, we think that the nine chaptt rs devoted to this subject, are especially so, and we know of no more valuable monograph upon the symptoms, prognosis, and management of these annoying maladies than is constituted by this part of the work. We cannot but regard it as one of the most original and m ist practical works of the day ; one which every accoucheur and physician should most carefully re id; for we are persuaded that he will arise from its perusal with new ideas, which will induct him into a more rational practice in regard to many a suffering female, who may have placed tier health in his hands.— British American Journal, Feb. 1661. 
Of the many excellences of the work we will not speak at length. We advise all who would acquire a knowledge of the proper management of the maladies of which it treats, to study it with care. The second part is of itself a most valuable contribution to the practice of our art.— Am. Med. Monthly and New York Review, Feb. 1861. 
The illustrations, which are all original, are drawn to a uniform scale of one-half the natural size. 
HABERSHON (S. O.), M. D., Assistant Physician to and Lecturer on Materia Medica and Therapeutics at Guy's Hospital, ice. 
PATHOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS ON DISE\SES OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL, OESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, CAECUM, AND INTESTINES. With illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume of 312 pages, extra cloth $1 75. (Now Ready.) 
JONES (T. WHARTON), F. R. S., Professor of Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery in University College, London, &c. 
THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OPHTHALMIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY. With one hundred and ten illustrations. Second American from the second and revised London edition, with additions by Edward Hartshorne, M.D., Surgeon to Wills' Hospital, &c. In one large, handsome royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. $ 1 50. 
JONES (C. HANDFIELD), F. R. S., &. EDWARD H. SI EVE KING, M.D., Assistant Physicians and Lecturers in St. Mary's Hospital, London. 
A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. First American Edition, Revised. With three hundred and ninety-seven handsome wood engravings. In one large and beautiful octavo volume of nearly 750 pages, leather. $3 75. 
As a concise text-book, containing, in a condensed form, a complete outline of what is known in the domain of Pathological Anatomy, it is perhaps the best work in the English language. Its great merit consists in its completeness and brevity, and in this respect it supplies a great desideratum in our literature. Heretofore the student of pathology was 
obliged to glean from a great number of monographs, and the field was so extensive that but few cultivated it with any degree of success. As a simple work of reference, therefore, it iB of great value to the student of pathological anatomy, and should be in every physician's library.— Western Lancet. 
KlRKES (WILLIAM SENHOUSE), M.D., Demonstrator of Morbid Anatomy at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Sec. 
A MANUAL OF PHYSIOLOGY. A new American, from the third and improved London edition. With two hundred illustrations. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, pp.586. $2 00. (Lately Published.) 
This is a new and very much improved edition of Dr. Kirkes' well-known Handbook of Physiology. It combines conciseness with completeness, and is, therefore, admirably adapted for consultation by the busy practitioner.— Dublin Quarterly Journal. 
One of the very best handbooks of Physiology we possess—presenting just such an outline of the science as the student requires during his attendance upon a course of lectures, or for reference whilst preparing for examination.— Am. Medical Journal. 
Its excellence is in its compactness, its clearness, 
and its carefully cited authorities. It is the most convenient of text-books. These gentlemen, Messrs. Kirkes and Paget, have the gift of telling us what we want to know, without thinking it necessary to tell us all they know.— Boston Med and Surg. Journal. 
For the student beginning this study, and the practitioner who has but leisure to refresh his memory, this book is invaluable, as it contains all that it is important to know.— Charleston Med. Journal. 


20 
BLANCHARD Ac LEA'S MEDICAL 
KNAPP'S TECHNOLOGY; or,Chemistry applied t«> the Arts and to Manufactures. Edited by Dr. Ronalds, Dr. Richardson, and Prof. VV. R. Johnson. In two handsomi 8vo. vols., with about 500 wood engravings. $6 00. 
LAYCOCK'S LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF MEDICAL OBSERVATION AND RESEARCH. For th? Use of Advanced Students and Junior Practitioners. In one royal L2mo. volume, extra cloth. Price*!. 
LALLEMAND AND WILSON. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND TREATMENT OF SPERMATORRHOEA. By M. Lali.emand. Translated and edited by Henry J McDougall. Third American edition. To which is added ON DISEASES OF THE VESICULATE SEMINALES; and their associated organs With special reference to the Morbid Secretions of the Prostatic and Urethral Mucous Membrane. By Marris Wilson, M. D. In one neat octavo volume, of about 400 pp., extra cloth. $2 00. (Just Issued.) 
LA ROCHE (R.), M. D., &c. YELLOW FEVER, considered in its Historical, Pathological, Etiological, and Therapeutical Relations. Including a Sketch of the Disease as it has occurred in Philadelphia from 1699 to 1854, with an examination of the connections between it and the fevers known under the same name in other parts of temperate as well as in tropical regions. In two large and handsome octavo volumes of nearly 1500 pages, extra eloth. $7 00. 
From Professor S. IT. Dickson, Charleston, S. C, September 18, 1855. A monument of intelligent and well applied research, almost without example. It is, indeed, in itself, a large library, and is destined to constitute the special resort as a book of reference, in the subject of which it treats, to all future time. 
We have not time at present, engaged as we are, by day and by night, in the work of combating this very disease, now prevailing in our city, to do more than give this cursory notice of what we consider as undoubtedly the most able and erudite medical publication our country has yet produced But in view of the startling fact, that this, the most rnalig- 
nant and unmanageable disease of modern times, has for several years been prevailing in air country to a greater extent than ever before; that it is no longer confined to either large or small cities, but penetrates country villages, plantations, and farmhouses; that it is treated with scarcely better success now than thirty or forty years ago; that there is vast mischief done by ignorant pretenders to knowledge in regard to the disease, and in view of the probability that a majority of southern physicians will be called upon to treat the disease, we trust that this able and comprehensive treatise will be very generally read in the south.— Memphis Med. Recorder. 
THE SAME AUTHOR 
PNEUMONIA ; its Supposed Connection, Pathological and Etiological, with Autumnal Fevers, including an Inquiry into the Existence and Morbid Agency of Malaria. In ore handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages. $3 00. 
LAWRENCE (W.), F. R. S., Sec. A TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EYE. A new edition, edited, with numerous additions, and 243 illustrations, by Isaac Hays, M. D., Surgeon to Will's Hospital, &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, of 950 pages, strongly bound in leather with raised bands. $5 00. 
LUDLOW (J. L.), M. D. A MANUAL OF EXAMINATIONS upon Anatomy, Physiology, *Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Obstetrics, Materia Medica, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics. To which is added a Medical Formulary. Third edition, thoroughly revised and greatly extended and enlarged. With 370 illustrations. In one handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, ol 81 6 large pages $2 50. 
We know of no better companion for the student crammed into his head by the various professors to during the hours spent in the lecture room, or to re- whom he is compelled to listen.— Western Lancet, fresh, at a glance, his memory of the various topics Mav, 1857. 
LEHMANN ,(C. G.) 
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Translated from the second edition by George E. Day, M. D., F. R. S., &c, edited by R. E. Rogers, M. D., Professor of Chemistry in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, with illustrations selected from Funke's Atlas of Physiological Chemistry, and an Appendix of plates. Complete in two large and handsome octavo volumes, extra cloth, containing 1200 pages, with nearly two hundred illustrations. $6 00. 
The work of Lehmann stands unrivalled as the most comprehensive book of reference and information extant on everv branch of the subject on which it treats.— Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science. 
The most important contribution as yet made to Physiological Chemistry.— Am. Journal Med. Sciinces, Jan. 1856. 
the same author. (Lately Published.) 
MANUAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY. Translated from the German, with Notes and Additions, by J. Cheston Morris, M. D., with an Introductory Essay on Vital Force, by Professor Samuel Jackson, M. D., of the University ot Pennsylvania. With illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 336 pages. $2 25. 
From Prof. Jackson's Introductory Essay. In adopting the handbook of Dr Lehmann as a manual of Organic Chemistry for the use of the students of the University, and in recommending his original work of Physiological Chemistry for their more mature studies, the high value of his researches, and the great weight of his authority iu that important department of medical science are fully recognized. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 
21 
LYONS (ROBERT DO, K. C. C, Late Pathologist in-chief to the British Army in the Crimea, tec. 
A TREATISE ON FEVER; or, selections from a course of Lectures on Fever. Being part of a course of Theory and Practice of Medicine. In one neat octavo volume, ol 362 pages, extra cloth; $2 00. (Now Ready.) 
From the Author's Preface. 
"Iam induced to publish this work on Fever with a view to bring within the reach of the student and junior practitioner, in a convenient form, the more recent results of inquiries into the Pathology and Therapeutics of this formidable class of diseases. " The works of the great writers on Fever are so numerous, and in the present day are scattered in so many languages, that they are difficult of access, not only to students but also to practitioners. I shall deem myself fortunate if I can in any measure supply the want which is felt in this respect. 
We have great pleasure in recommending Dr. Lyons' work on Fever to the attention of the profession. It is a work which cannot fail to enhance the author's previous well-earned reputation, as a diligent, careful, and nccn r ate observer.— British M'A. Journal, March 2, 1861. 
Teken as n whole we can recommend it in the highest terms as well worthy the careful perusal and study of every student and practitioner of medi- 
cine. We consider the work a most valuable addition to medical literature, and one destined to wield no little influence over the mind of the profession — Med and Surg. Repnrt'r, May 4, 1861. 
This is an admirable work upon the most remarkable and most important, class of diseases to which mankind are liable.— Mtd. Journ. of N. Carolina, May, 1861. 
MEIGS (CHARLES D.), M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, Sec. in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. OBSTETRICS: THE SCIENCE AND THE ART. Third edition, revised and improved. With one hundred and twenty-nine illustrations. In one beautifully printed octavo volume, leather, of seven hundred and fifty-two large pages. $3 75. 
Though the work has received only five pages of enlargement, its chapters throughout wear the impress of careful revision. Expunging and rewriting, remodelling its sentences, with occasional new material, all evince a lively desire that it shall deserve to be regarded as improved in manner as well as matter. In the matter, every stroke of the pen has increased the value of the book, both in expungings and additions — Western Lancet, Jan. 1857. 
The best American work on Midwifery that is accessible to the student and practitioner—TV. W. Med. and Surg. Journal, Jan. 1857. This is a standard work by a great American Obstetrician. It is the third and last edition, and, in the language of the preface, the author has "brought the subject up to the latest dates of real improvement in our art and Science."— Nashville Journ. of Med. and Surg., May, 1857. 
BY THE same AUTHOR. (Just Issued.) WOMAN: HER DISEASES AND THEIR REMEDIES. A Series of Lectures to his Class. Fourth and Improved edition. In one large and beautifully printed octavo volume, leather, of over 700 pages. $3 60. 
In other respects, in our estimation, too much cannot be k.i ict in praise of this work. It abounds with beautiful passages, and for conciseness, for originality, and for all that is commendable in a work on the diseases of females, it is not excelled, and prob ibly not esjua I led in the English language. On the whole, we know of no work on the diseases of women which we can so cordially commend to the student i* nd practitioner as the one before us.— Ohio Med. and Surg. Journal. 
The body of the book is worthy of attentive consideration, and is evidently the production of a clever, thoughtful, and sagacious physician. Dr. Meigs's letters on the diseases of the external organs, contain many interesting and rare cases, and many instructive observations. We take our leave of Dr. Meigs, with a high opinion of his talents and originality.— The British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
Every chapter is replete with practical instruction, and bears the impress of being the composition of anacute and experienced mind. There is a terseness, and at the same time an accuracy in his description ol symptoms, and in the rules for diagnosis, 
which cannot fail to recommend the volume to the attention of the renter.— Ranking's Abstract. It contains a vast amount of practical knowledge. !>y one who has accurately observed and retained the experience of many years.— Dub'in Quarterly Journal. Full of important matter, conveyed in a ready and agreeaole manner.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Jour. 
There is an off-hand fervor, a glow, and a warmneartedness infecting the eff >rt of Dr. Meigs, which is entirely captivating, and which absolutely hurries the reader through from beginning to end. Besides, the book teems with solid instruction, and it shows the very highest evidence of ability, viz., the clearness with which the information is presented. We know of no better test of one's understanding a subject than the evidence of the power of lucidly explaining it. The most elementary, as well as the obscurest subjects, under the pencil of Prof. Meigs, are isolated and made to stand out in such bolu relief, as to produce distinct impressions upon the mind and memory of the reader. — The Charleston Med. Journal. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ON THE NATURE, SIGNS, AND TREATMENT OF CHILDBED FEVER. In a Series of Letters addressed to the Students of his Class. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, ol 365 pages. $2 50. 
The instructive and interesting author of this work, whose previous labors have placed his countrymen under deep and abiding obligations, again challenges their admiration in the fresh and vigorous, attractive and racy pages before us. It is a de- 
lectable book. * * * This treatise upon childbed fevers will have an extensive sale, being destined, as it deserves, to find a place in the library of every practitioner who seorns t.olag in the rear.— Nashville Journal of Medicine andSurgery. 
THE SAME AUTHOR | WITH COLORED PLATES. 
A TREATISE ON ACUTE AND CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE NECK OF THE UTERUS. With numerous plates, drawn and colored from nature in the highest style ol art. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth. $4 50. 


22 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
MACLISE (JOSEPH), SURGEON. SURGICAL ANATOMY. Forming one volume, very large imperial quarto. With sixty-eight large and splendid Plates, drawn in the best style and beautifully colored. Containing one hundred and ninety Figures, many of them the size of life. Together with copious and explanatory letter-press. Strongly and handsomely bound in extra cloth, being one of the cheapest and best executed Surgical works as yet issued in this country. $11 00. 
%* The size of this work prevents its transmission through the post-office as a whole, but those who desire to have copies forwarded by mail, can receive them in five parts, done up in stout wrappers. Price $9 00. 
One of the greatest artistic triumphs of the age I in Surgical Anatomy.— British American Medical '• i Journal. , 
No practitioner whose means will admit should fail to possess it.— Ranking's Abstract. 
Too much cannot be said in its praise; indeed, we have not language to do it justice.— Ohio Medieal and Surgical Journal. 
The most accurately engrnved and beautifully colored plates we have ever seen in an American book—one of the best and cheapest surgical works ever published.— Buffalo Medical Journal. 
It is very rare that so elegantly printed, so well illustrated, aud so useful a work, is offered at so moderate a price.— Charleston Medical Journal. 
Its plates can boast a superiority which places them almost beyond the reach of competition.—Medieal Examiner. Country practitioners will find these plates of immense value.—iV. Y. Medical Gazette. 
A work which has no parallel in point of accuracy and cheapness in the English language.— N. Y. Journal of Medicine. 
We are extremely gratified to announce to the profession the completion of this truly magnificent work, which, as a whole, certainly stands unrivalled, both for accuracy of drawing, beauty of coloring, and all the requisite explanations of the subject in hand.— The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. 
This is by far the ablest work oij Surgical Anatomy that has come under our observation. We know of no other work that would justify a student, in any degree, for neglect of actual dissection. In those sudden emergencies that so often arise, and which require the instantaneous command of minute anatomical knowledge, a work of this kind keeps the details of the dissecting-room perpetually fresh in the memory.— The Western Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 
MILLER (HENRY), M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children in the University of Louisville. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRICS, &c.; including the Treatment of Chronic Inflammation of the Cervix and Body of the Uterus considered as a frequent cause of Abortion. With about one hundred illustrations on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, of over 600 pages. (Lately Published.) $3 75. 
We congratulate the author that the task is done. We congratulate him that he has given to the medical public, a work which will secure for him a high and permanent position among the standard authorities on the principles and practice of obstetrics. Congratulations are not less due to the medical profession of this country, on the acquisition of a treatise embodying the results of the studies, reflections, and experience of Prof. Miller. Few men, if any, in this country, are more competent than he to write on this department of medicine. Engaged for thirtyfive years in an extended practice of obstetrics, for many years a teacher of this branch of instruction in one of the largest of our institutions, a diligent student as well as a careful observer, an original and independent thinker, wedded to no hobbies, ever ready to consider without prejudice new views, and to adop t innovations if they are really improvements, and withal a clear, agreeable writer, a practical treatise from his pen could not fail to possess great value.— Buffalo Med Journal. In fact, this volumemust take its place among the standard systematic treatises on obstetrics ; a posi- 
| tion to which its merits justly entitle it. The style is such that the descriptions are clear, and each subject is discussed and elucidated witli due regard to ] its practical bearings, which cannot fail to make it 1 acceptable and valuable to both students and prac! titioners. We cannot, however, close this brief | notice without congratulating the author and the ' profession on the production of such an excellent 1 treatise. The author is a western man of whom we feel proud, and we cannot but think that his book I will find many readers and warm admirers wherever obstetrics is taught and studied as a science and an art— The Cincinnati Lancetand Observer. A most respectable and valuable addition to our home medical literature, and one reflecting credit alike on the author and the institution to which he is attached. The student will find in this work a most useful guide to his studies; the country practitioner, rusty in his reading, can obtain from its pages a fair resume of the modern literature of the science; and we hope to see this American production generally consulted by the profession.— Va. Med. Journal. 
MACKENZIE (WJ, M.D., Surgeon Oculist in Scotland in ordinary to Her Majesty, Ac.tc. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES AND INJURIES OF THE EYE. To which is prefixed an Anatomical Introduction explanatory of a Horizontal Section of the Human Eyeball, by Thomas Wharton Jones, F. R. S. From the Fourth Revised and Enlarged London Edition. With Notes and Additions by Addinell Hewson, M. D., Surgeon to Wills Hospital, &c. &c. In one very large and handsome octavo volume, leather, raised bands, with 
plates and numerous wood-cuts. $5 25. 
The treatise of Dr. Mackenzie indisputably holds the firstplace, and forms, in respect of learning and research, an Encyclopaedia unequalled in extent by any other work of the kind, either English or foreign. — Dixon on Diseases of the Eye. 
Few modern books on any department of medicine or surgery have met with such extended circulation, or have procured for their authors a like amount of European celebrity. The immense research which it displayed, the thorough acquaintance with the subject, practically as well as theoretically,and the 
able manner in which the author's stores of learning and experience were rendered availablefor general use, at once procured for the first edition, as well on the continent as in this country, that high position as a standard work which each successive edition has more firmly established. We consider it the duty of every one who has the love of his profession and the welfare of his patient at heart, to make himself familiar with this the most complete work in the English language upon the diseases of the eye. — Med. Times and Gazette. 
MAYNE'S DISPENSATORY AND THERAPEUTICAL REMEMBRANCER. With every Practical Formula contained in the three British Pharmacopeias. Edited, with the addition of the Formulas of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, by R. E. Griffith,M.D 1 12mo.vol.ex.cl.,300pp. 70c. 
MALGAIGNE'S OPERATIVE SURGERY, based on Normal and Pathological Anatomy. Translated from the French by Frederick Brittan, A. B., M. D. With numerous illustrations on wood. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, oil nearly six hundred pages. $2 25. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 
23 
MILLER (JAMES), F. R. S. E., Professor of Surgery in the University of Edinburgh, &c 
PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY. Fourth American, from the third and revised Edinburgh edition. In one large and very beautiful volume, leather, of 700 pages, with two hundred and forty illustrations on wood. $3 75. 
The work of Mr. Miller is too well and too favor- 
ably known among us, as one of our best text-books, to render any further notice of it necessary than the announcement of a new edition, the fourth in our country, a proof of its extensive circulation among us. As a concise and reliable exposition of the science of modern surgery, it stands deservedly high— we know not its superior.— Boston Med. and Surg. Journal. 
The work takes rank with Watson's Practice of Physic; it certainly does not fall behind that great work in soundness of principle or depth of reasoning and research. No physician who values his reputation, or seeks the interests of his clients, can acquit himself before his God and the world without making himself familiar with the sound and philosophical views developed in the foregoing book.— New Orleans Med. and Surg. Journal. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Just Issued.) THE PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Fourth American from the last Edinburgh edition. Revised by the American editor. Illustrated by three hundred and sixty-four engraving's on wood. In one large octavo volume, leather, of nearly 700 pages. $3 75. 
No encomium of ours could add to the popularity of Miller's Surgery. Its reputation in this country is unsurpassed by that of any other work, and, when taken in connection with the author's Principles of Surgery, constitutes a whole, without reference to which no conscientious surgeon would be willing to practice his art.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
It is seldom that two volumes have ever made so profound an impression in so short a time as the " Principles" and the " Practice" of Surgery by Mr. Miller—or so richly merited the reputation they have acquired. The author is an eminently sensible, practical, and well-informed man, who knows exactly what he is talking about and exactly how to talk it.— Kentucky Medical Recorder. 
By the almost unanimous voice of the profession, 
his works, both on the principles and practice of surgery have been assigned the highest rank. If we were limited to but one work on surgery, that one should be Miller's, as we regard it as superior to all others.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
The author has in this and his " Principles," presented to the profession oneof the most completeand reliable systems of Surgery extant. His style of writing is original, impressive, and engaging, energetic, concise, and lucid. Few have the faculty of condensing so much in small space, and at the same time so persistently holding theattention. Whether as a text-book for students or a book of reference for practitioners, it cannot be too strongly recommended.—Southern Journal of Med. and Physical Sciences. 
MORLAND (W. W.l, M. D., Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, &c. DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS; a Compendium of their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment. With illustrations. In one large and handsome octavo volume, of about 600 pages, extra cloth. (Just Issued.) $3 50. 
Taken as a whole, we can recommend Dr. Morland'B compendium as a very desirable addition to the library of every medical or surgical practitioner.—Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Rev., April, 1859. 
Every medical practitioner whose attention has been to any- extent attracted towards the class of diseases to which this treatise relates, must have often and sorely experienced the want of some full, yet concise ricent compendium to which he could 
refer. This desideratum has been supplied by Dr. Morland, and it has been ably done. He has placed before us a full, judicious, and reliable digest. Each subject is treated with suflicient minuteness, yet in a succinct, narrational style, such as to render the work one of great interest, and one which will prove in the highest degree useful to the general practitioner.— N. Y. Journ. of Medicine, 
by the same author — (Now Ready.) THE MORBID EFFECTS OF THE RETENTION IN THE BLOOD OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE URINARY SECRETION. Being the Dissertation to which the Fiske Fund Prize was awarded, July 11, 1861. In one small octavo volume, S3 pages, extra cloth. 75 cents. 
MONTGOMERY (W. F.), M. D., M. R. I. A., 8tc, Professor of Midwifery in the King and Queen's College of Physicians in Ireland, &c. AN EXPOSITION OF THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY. With some other Papers on Subjects connected with Midwifery. From the second and enlarged English edition. With two exquisite colored plates, and numerous wood-cuts. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of nearly 600 pages. (Lately Published.) $3 75. 
A book unusually rich in practical suggestions.— Am. Journal Med. Sciences, Jan. 1857. These several subjects so interesting in themselves, and so important, every one of them, to the most delicate and precious of social relations, controlling often the honor and domestic peace of a family, the legitimacy of offspring, or the life of its parent, are all treated with an elegance of diction, fulness of illustrations, acutenessand justice of reasoning, unparalleled in obstetrics, and unsurpassed in medicine. The reader's interest can never flag, so 
fresh, and vigorous, and classical is our author's style; and one forgets, in the renewed charm of every page, that it, and every line, and every word has beeu weighed anu reweiglied through years of preparation j that this is of all others the book of Obstetric Law, on each of its several topics ; on all points connected with pregnancy, to be everywhere received as a manual of 'special jurisprudence, at once announcing fact, afTording argument, establishing precedent, and governing alike the juryman, advocate, and judge.— N. A. Med.-Chir. Review. 
MOHR (FRANCIS), PH. D., AND REDWOOD (THEOPHI LUS). 
PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Comprising the Arrangements, Apparatus, and Manipulations of the Pharmaceutical Shop and Laboratory. Edited, with extensive Additions, by Prof. William Procter, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. In one handsomely printed octavo volume, extra cloth, of 570 pages, with over 500 engravings on wood. $2 75. 


24 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
NEILL (JOHN), M. D., Surgeon to the Pennsylvania Hospital,&c; and 
FRANCIS GURNEY SMITH, M. D., Professor of Institutes of Medicine in the Pennsylvania Medical College. 
AN ANALYTICAL COMPENDIUM OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES 
OF MEDICAL SCIENCE; for the Use and Examination of Students. A new edition, revised and improved. In one very large and handsomely printed royal 12mo. volume, ol about one thousand pages, with 374 wood-cuts. Strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $3 00. 
The very nattering reception which has been accorded to this work, and the high estimate placed upon it by the profession, as evinced by the constant and increasing demand which has rapidly exhausted two large editions, have stimulated the authors to render the volume in its present revision more worthy of the success which has attended it. It has accordingly been thoroughly examined, and such errors as had on former occasions escaped observation have been corrected, and whatever additions were necessary to maintain it on a level with the advance of science have been introduced. The extended series of illustrations has been still further increased and much improved, while, by a slight enlargement of the page, these various additions have been incorporated without increasing the bulk of the volume. The work is, therefore, again presented as eminently worthy of the favor with which it has hitherto been received. As a book for daily reference by the student requiring a guide to his more elaborate text-books, as a manual for preceptors desiring to stimulate their students by frequent and accurate examination, or as a source from which the practitioners of older date may easily and cheaply acquire a knowledge of the changes and improvement in professional science, its reputation is permanently established. 
The best work of the kind with which we are acquainted.— Med. Examiner. 
Having made free use of this volume in our examinations of pupils, we can speak from experience in recommending it as an admirable compend for students, and as especially useful to preceptors who examine their pupils. It will save the teacher much labor by enabling him readily to recall all of the points upon which his pupils should be examined. A work of this sort should be in the hands of every one who takes pupils into his office with a view of examining them; and this is unquestionably the best of its class.— Transylvania Med. Journal 
In the rapid course of lectures, where work for 
the students is heavy, and review necessary for an examination, a compend is not only valuable, but it is almost a sine qua non. The one before us is, in most of the divisions, the most unexceptionable of all books of the kind that we know of. The newest and soundest doctrines and the latest improvements and discoveries are explicitly, though concisely, laid before the student. There is a class to whom we very sincerely commend this cheap book as worth its weight in silver—that class is the graduates in medicine of more than ten years 1 standing, who have not studied medicine since. They will perhaps find ou t from it that the science is not exactly now what it was when they left it off.— The Stethoscope 
NELIGAN (J. MOORE), M. D., M. R. I.A., &c. (A splendid work. Just Issued.) ATLAS OF CUTANEOUS DISEASES. In one beautiful quarto volume, extra cloth, with splendid colored plates, presenting nearly one hundred elaborate representations of disease. $4 50. 
This beautiful volume is intended as a complete and accurate representation of all the varieties of Diseases of the Skin. While it can be consulted in conjunction with any work on Practice, it has especial reference to the author's " Treatise on Diseases of the Skin," so favorably received by the profession some years since. The publishers feel justified in saying that few more beautifully executed plates have ever been presented to the profession of this country. 
Neligan's Atlas of Cutaneous Diseases supplies a long existent desideratum much felt by the largest class of our profession. It presents, in quarto size. 16 plates, each containing from 3 to 6 figures, ana forming in all a total of 00 distinct representations of the different species of skin affections, grouped together in genera or families. The illustrations have been taken from nature, and have been copied with such fidelity that they present a striking picture of life; in which the reduced scale aptly serves to 
give, at a coup d'aeil, the remarkable peculiarities of each individual variety. And while thus the dis ease is rendered more definable, there is yet no loss of proportion incurred by the necessary concentration. Each figure is highly colored, and so truthful has the artist been that the most fastid ous observer could not justly take exception to the correctness of the execution of the pictures under his scrutiny.— Montreal Med. Chronicle. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Third American edition. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of 334 pages. $1 00. J®- The two volumes will be sent by mail on receipt of Five Dollars. 
OWEN ON THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE SKELETON, AND OF THE TEETH. 
One vol. royal 12mo., extra cloth with numerous illustrations. SI 25 
PIRRIE (WILLIAM), F. R. S. E., Professor of Surgery in the University of Aberdeen. 
THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SURGERY. Edited by John Neill, M. D., Professor of Surgery in the Penna. Medical College, Surgeon tothe Pennsylvania Hospital, dec. In one very handsome octavo volume, leather, of 780 pages, with 316 illustrations. S3 75. 
We know of no other surgical work of a reasonable size, wherein there is so much theory and practice, or where subjects are more soundly or clearly taught.— The Stethoscope. Prof. Pirrie, m the work before us, has elabo- 
I rately discussed the principles of surgery, and a ! safe and effectual practice predicated upon them. Perhaps no work upon this subject heretofore issued | is so full upon the science of the art of surgery.—. | Nashville Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
25 
PARRISH (EDWARD), Lecturer on Practical Pharmacy and Materia Medica in the Pennsylvania Academy of Medicine, Ac. 
AN INTRODUCTION TO PRACTICAL PHARMACY. Designed as a Text- Bookfor"the Student, and as a Guide for the Physician and Pharmaceutist. With many Formulae and Prescriptions. Second edition, greatly enlarged and improved. In one handsome octavo volume of 720 pages, with several hundred Illustrations, extra cloth. $3 50. (Just Issued.) 
During the short time in which this work has been before the profession, it has been received with very great favor, and in assuming the position of a standard authority, it has filled a vacancy wnich had been severely felt. Stimulated by this encouragement, the author, in availing himself of the opportunity of revision, has spared no pains to render it more worthy of the confidence bestowed upon it, and his assiduous labors have made it rather a new book than a new edition, many portions having been rewritten, and much new and important matter added. These alterations and improvements have been rendered necessary by the rapid progress made by pharmaceutical science during the last few years, and by the additional experience obtained in the practical use of the volume as a text-book and work of reference. To accommodate these improvements, the size of the page has been materially enlarged, and the number of pages considerably increased, presenting in all nearly one-half more matter than the last edition. The work is therefore now presented as a complete exponent of the subject in its most advanced condition. From the most ordinary matters in the dispensing office, to the most complicated details of the vegetable alkaloids, it is hoped that 
everything requisite to the practising physician, and to the apothecary, will be found fully and clearly set forth, and that the new matter alone will be worth more than the very moderate cost of the work to those who have been consulting the previous edition. 
That Edward Parrish, in*writing a book upon practical Pharmacy somt few years ago—one emi- nently original and unique—did the medical and pharmaceutical professions a greatond valuable ser- vice, no one, we think, who has had access to its pages will deny; doubly welcome, then, is this new edition, containing the added results of his recent and rich experience as an observer, teacher, and practic il operator in the pharmaceutical laboratory, Ths excellent plan of the first is more thoroughly, and in detail, carried out in thisedition.— Peninsular 
Med. Journal, Jan. I860. Of course, all apothecaries who have not already a copy of the first edition will procure one of this; it is, therefore, to physicians residing in the country and in small towns, who cannot avail themselves of the skill of an educated pharmaceutist, that wt would espi cially commend this work. In it they 
will find all that they desire to know, and should know, but very little of which they do really Know in reference to this impoitant collateral branch of their profession; for it is a well established fact, that, in the ot physicians, while the science of medicine is generally well taught, very little attention is paid to the art of preparing them for use, and we know not how this defect can be so well remedied as by procuring and consulting Dr. Patrish's excellent work.— St. Louis Med. Journal. Jan 1860. 
We kn()W ()f no work „„ tne gub j ec t which would be more indispensable to the physician o r student desiring information on the subject of which it treats, With Griffith's " Medic il Formulary" and this, the practising physician would be supplied with nearly or quite all the most useful infor nation on the subjtct.—Charleston Med. Jour, and Review, Jan. IsOO 
PEASLEE (E. R.), M. D., Professor of Physiology and General Pathology in the New York Medical College. HUMAN HISTOLOGY, in its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology; tor the use of Medical Students. With four hundred and thirty-four illustrations. In one handsome octavo volume, of over 600 pages. (Lately Published.) $3 75. 
It embraces a library upon the topics discussed within itself, and is just what the teacherand learner need. Another advantage, by no means to be overlooked, everything of real value in the wide range which it embraces, is with great skill compressed into an octavo volume of but little more than six hundred pages. We have not only the whole subject of Histology, interesting in itself,ably and fully discussed, but what is of infinitely greater interest to the student, because of greater practical value, are its relations to Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology, which are here fully and satisfactorily set forth .—Nashville Journ. of Med. and Surgery. 
We would recommend it to the medical student and practitioner, as containing a summary of all that is known of the important subjects which it treats; of all that is contained in the great works of Simon and Lehmann, and the organic chemists in general. Master this one volume, we would say to the mtdicul student and practitioner— master tl is book and you know all that is known of the great fundamental principles of medicine, and we have no hesitation in saying that it is an honor to the American medical profession that one of its members should have produced it.— St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
PEREIRA (JONATHAN), M. D., F. R. S., AND L. 5. THE ELEMENTS OF MATERIA MEDIC A AND THERAPEUTICS. Third American edition, enlarged and improved by the author; including Notices of most of the Medicinal Substances in use in the civilized world, and forming an Encyclopaedia of Materia Medica. Edited, with Additions, by Joseph Carson, M. U., Professor of Materia Mediea and Pharmacy in the University of Pennsylvania. In two very large octavo volumes ol 2100 pages, on small type, with about 500 illustrations on stone and wood, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. $y 00. Vol. II. will no longer be sold separate. 
PARKER (LANGSTON), Surgeon to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham. 
THE MODERN TREATMENT OF SYPHILITIC DISEASES, BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY; comprising the Treatment of Constitutional and Confirmed Syphilis, by a safe and successful method. With numerous Cases, Formulae, and Clinical Observations. From the Third and entirely rewritten London edition. In one neat octavo volume, extra cloth, of 316 pages. $175. 
ROYLE'S MATERIA MEDICA AND THERAPEUTICS; including the Preparations of the Pharmacopoeias of London, Edinburgh, Dublin, and of the United States. With many new medicines. Edited by Joseph Carson, M. D. With ninety-eight illustrations. In one large octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 700 pages. $3 00. 


26 
BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
RAMSBOTHAM (FRANCIS H.), M.D. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF OBSTETRIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY, in reference to the Process of Parturition. A new and enlarged edition, thoroughly revised by the Author. With Additions by W. V. Keating,M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, &c, in the Jeflerson Medical College, Philadelphia. In one large and handsome imperial octavo volume, of 650 pages, strongly bound in leather, with raised bands; with sixty-four beautiful Plates, and numerous Wood-cuts in the text, containing in all nearly 200 large and beautiful figures. $5 00. 
From Prof. Hodge, of the University of Pa. To the American public, it is most valuable, from its intrinsic undoubted excellence, and as being the best authorized exponent of British Midwifery. Its circulation will, I trust, be extensive throughout our country. 
It is unnecessary to say anything in regard to the utility of this work. It is already appreciated in our country for the value of the matter, the clearness of its style, and the fulness of its illustrations. To the physician's library it is indispensable, while to the student as a text-book, from which to extract the material for laying the foundation of an education on obstetrical science, it has no superior.— Ohio Med and Surg. Journal. 
The publishers have secured its success by the 
truly elegant style in which they have brought it out, excelling themselves in its production, especially in its plates. It is dedicated to Prof. Meigs, and has the emphatic endorsement of Prof. Hodge, as the best exponent of British Midwifery. We knew (rf no text-book which deserves in all respects to br more highly recommended to students, and we could wish to see it in the hands of every practitioner, for they will find it invaluable for reference.— Med. Gazette. 
RICORD 
RICORD (P.), M. D. A TREATISE ON THE VENEREAL DISEASK3. By John Hunter, F. R. 8. With copious Additions, by Ph. Ricord, M. D. Translated and EditSd, with Notes, by Freeman J. Bumstead M. D , Lecturer on Venereal at the College of Physicians and Surgeons,"New York. Second edition, revised, containing a resume of Ricord's Recent Lectures on Chancre. Tn one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of 550 pages, with eight plates. $3 25. (Just Issued.) 
In revising this work, the editor has endeavored to introduce whatever matter of interest the recent investigations of syphilograpbers have added to our knowledge of the subject. The principal source from which this has been derived is the volume of "Lectures on Chancre," published a tew months since by M. Ricord, which aflbrds a large amount of new and instructive material on many controverted points. In the previous edition, M. Ricord's additions amounted to nearly one-third of the whole, and with ihe matter now introduced, the work may be considered to present his views and experience more thoroughly and completely than any other. 
Every one will recognize the attractiveness and value which this work derives from thus presenting the opinions of these two masters side by side. But, it must be admitted, what has made the fortune of the book, is the fact that it contains the "most complete embodiment of the veritable doctrines of the H6pital du Midi," which lias ever been made public. The doctrinal ideas of M. Ricord, ideas which, if not universally adopted.are incontesiabiy dominant, have heretofore only been interpreted by more or lessskilful 
secretaries, sometimes accredited and sometimes not. In the notes to Hunter, the master substitutes lumselfforhis interpreters, and gives hisorigmal thoughts to the world in a lucid and perfectly intelligible manner. In conclusion we can say that this is incontesiabiy the best treatise on syphilis with which we are acquainted, and, as we do not often employ the phrase, we may be excused for expressing the hope that it may find a place in the library of every physician.— Virginia Med. and Surg. Journal. 
THE SAME AUTHOR. 
RICORD'S LETTERS ON SYPHILIS. Translated by W. P. Lattimore, M. D. In one neat octavo volume, of 270 pages, extra cloth. $2 00. 
SLADE (D. D.), M. D. 
DIPHTHERIA; its Nature and Treatment, with an Account of the History of its Prevalence in various countries. Being the Dissertation to which the Fiske Fund Prize was awarded, July 11, I860. In one small octavo volume, extra cloth; 75 cents. (Now Heady, 1861.) 
ROKITANSKY (CARL), M.D., Curator of the Imperial Pathological Museum, and Professor at the University of Vienna, &c. A MANUAL OF PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY. Four volumes, octavo, bound in two. extra cloth, of about 1200 pages. Translated by W. E. Swaine, Edward Sieveking, C. H. Moore, and G. E. Day. $5 50. 
The profession is too well acquainted with the reputation of Rokitansky's work to need our assurance that this isone of the most profound, thorough, and valuable books ever issued from the medical press. It is mi generis, and has no standard of comparison. It is only necessary to announce that it is issued in a form as cheap as is compatible with its size and preservation, and its sale follows as a matter of course. No library can be called complete without it.— Buffalo Med. Journal. An attempt to give our readers any adequate idea of the vast amount of instruction accumulated in these volumes, would be feeble and hopeless. The effort of the distinguished author to concentrate in a small space his great fund of knowledge, has 
so charged his text with valuable truths, that any attempt of a reviewer to epitomize is at once paralyzed, and must end in a failure.— Western Lancet. As this is the highest source of knowledge upon the important subject of which it treats, no real student can afford to be without it. The American publishers have entitled themselves to the thanks of the profession of their country, for this timeous and beautiful edition.— Nashville Journal of Medicine. As a book of reference, therefore, this work must prove of inestimable value, and we cannot too highly recommend it to the profession.— Charleston Med. Journal and Review. This book is a necessity to every practitioner.— Am. Med. Monthly. 
RIGBY (EDWARD), M. D., Senior Physician to the General Lying-in Hospital, Ac. A SYSTEM OP MIDWIFERY. With Notes and Additional Illustrations. Second American Edition. One volume octavo, extra cloth, 422 pages. $2 50. BY the same author. (Lately Published.) ON THE CONSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT OF FEMALE DISEASES. In one neat royal 12mo. volume, extra cloth, of about 250 pages. $1 00. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
27 
STILLE (ALFRED), M. D. THERAPEUTICS AND MATERIA MEDICA; a Systematic Treatise on the Action and Uses of Medicinal Agents, including their Description and History. In two large and handsome octavo volumes, of 1789 pages. (Just Issued.) $8 00. This work is designed especially for the student and practitioner of medicine, and treats the various articles of the Materia Medica from the point of view of the bedside, aud not of the shop or of the leeiure-room. While thus endeavoring to give all practical information likely to be useful with respect to the employment of special remedies in special affections, and the results to be anticipated from their administration, a copious Index of Diseases and their Remedies renders the work eminently fitted for reference by showing at a glance ilie different means which have been employed, and enabling the practitioner to extend his resources in difficult ca?-es with all that the experience of the profession has suggested. 
Rarely, indeed, have we had submitted to us a . work on medicine so ponderous in its dimensions us that now before us, and yet so fascinating in its content!. It is, therefore, with a peculiar gratiti- ! cation that we recognize in Dr. Stille the possession of many of those more distinguished qualifications which entitle him to approbation, and which justify him in coming before his medical brethren as an instructor. A comprehensive knowledge, tested by a sound and penetrating judgment, joined to a love of progress —which a discriminating spirit of inquiry has tempered sons to accept nothing new because it is new, and abandon nothing old because it is old, but which estimates cither accorc ing to its relations to a just logic and experience—manifests iiself everywhere, and gives to the guidance of the author all the assurance of safety which the difficulties of his subject can allow. In conclusion, we earnestly advise our readers to ascertain for themselves, by a Btudy of Dr. Stille's volumes, the great value and interest of the stores of knowledge they present. We have pleasure in referring rather to the ample treasury of undoubted truths, the real and assured conquest of medicine, accumulated by Dr. Stille in his pages; and commend the Bum of his labors to the attention of our readers, as alike honorable to our science, and creditable to the zeal, the candor, and the judgment of him who has garnered the whole so carefully.— Edinburgh Med. Journal. 
Our expectations of the value of this work were based on the well-known reputation and character of the author as a man of scholarly attainments, an elegant writer, a candid inquirer after truth, and a philosophical thinker; we knew that the task would be conscientiously performed, and that few, if any, among the distinguished medical teachers in this country are better qualified than he to prepare a systematic treatise on therapeutics in accordance with the present requirements of medical science. Our preliminary examination of tie work has saiis- 
fieri us that we were not mistaken in our anticipations.—New Orleans Medical News, March, 1800. 
The most recent authority is the one last mentioned, Slille. His great work on " Materia Medica and Therapeutics," published last year, in two octavo volumes, of some sixteen hundred pages, while it embodies the results of the labor of others up to tne time of publication, is enriched with a great amount of original observation and research. We would draw attention, by the way, to the very convenient mode in which the Index is arranged in thiswork. There is firstun " Irdex of Remedies;" next an "Index of Diseases and their Remedies." Such an arrangement of the Indices, in our opinion, greatly enhances the practical value of books of this kind. In tedious, obstinate cases of disease, where we have to try one remedy >ifter another until our Btock is pretty nearly exhausted, and we are almost driven to our wit's end, such an index as the second of the two just mentioned, is precisely what we want.— London Med. Tint's and Gazette, April, 1861. 
We think this work will do much to obviate the reluctance to a thorough investigation of this branch of scientific Btudy, for in the wide range of medical literature treasured in the English tongue, we shall hardly find a work written in a style more clear and simple, conveyMng forcibly the facts taught, and yet free from turgidity and redundancy. There isa fascination in its pages that will insure to it a wide popularity and attentive perusal, and a degree of usefulness not often attained through the influence of a single work. The author has much enhanced the practical utility of his book by passing briefly over the physical, botani sal, and commercial history of medicines, and directing attention chiefly to their physiological action, and their application for the amelioration or cure of disease. He ignores hypothesis and theory which are so alluring to many medical writers, and so liable to lead them astray, and confines hinnelf to such facts as have been tried in the crucible of experience.— Chicago Medical Journal. 
SMITH (HENRY H.), M. D. AND HORNER (WILLIAM E.), M. D. AN ANATOMICAL ATLAS, illustrative of the Structure of the Human Body. In one volume, large imperial octavo, extra cloth, with about six hundred and fifty beautiful figures. $3 00. 
These figures are well selected, and present a complete and accurate representation of that wonderful fabric, the human body. The plan of this Atlas, which renders it go peculiarly convenient for the student, and its superb artistical execution, have been already pointed out. We must congratu- 
late the student upon the completion of this A Must as it is the most convenient work of the kind that has yet appeared ; and we must, add, the very beautiful manner in which it is "got up" is so creditable to the country as to be flattering to our national pride.— American Medical Journal. 
SHARPEY (WILLIAM), M. D., JONES QUAIN, M. D., AND RICHARD QUAIN, F. R. S., 8tc. HUMAN ANATOMY. Revised, with Notes and Additions, by Joseph Leidy, M. D., Professor of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. Complete in two large octavo volumes, leather, of about thirteen hundred pages. Beautifully illustrated with overlive hundred engravings on wood. $6 00. 
SIMPSON (J. Y. , M. D., Professor of Midwifery, &c, in the University of Edinburgh, Ac. 
CLINICAL LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF FEMALES. With numerous illustrations. 
This valuable series of practical Lectures is now appearing in the "Medical News and Library" for 1860, 1861, and 1862, and can thus be had without cost by subscribers to the "American Journal of the Medical Sciences." See p. 2. 
SOLLY ON THE HUMAN BRAIN; its Structure, Physiology, and Diseases. From the Second and much enlarged London edition. In one octavo volume, extra cloth, of 500 pages, with 120 woodcuts. S2 00. 
SKEY'S OPERATIVE SURGERY. In one very 
handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of over 650 pages, with about one hundred wood-cuts. $3 25. SIMON S GENERAL. PATHOLOGY, as conducive to the Establishment of Rational Principles for the prevention and Cure of Disease, In one octavo volume, extra cloth, of 313 pagei. 81 85. 


BLANCHARD & LEA'S MEDICAL 
28 
SARGENT (F. W.), M. D. 
ON BANDAGING AND OTHER OPERATIONS OF MINOR SURGERY. New edition, with an additional chapter on Military Surgery. One handsome royal 12mo. vol., ol nearly 400 pages, with 184 wood cuts. Extra cloth, $1 40; leather, $1 50. The value of this work as a handy and convenient manual for surgeons engaged in active duty in the field and hospital, has induced the publishers to render it more complete for those purposes by the addition of a chapter on gun-shot wounds and other matters peculiar to miliiury surgery. In its present form, therefore, with no increase in price, it will be found a very cheap and convenient vade-mecum for consultation and relereuce in the daily exigencies of military as well as civil practice. 
Sargent's Minor Surgery has always been popular, and deservedly so. It furnishes that knowledge of the most frequently requisite performances of surgical art which cannot be entirely understood by attending clinical lectures. The art of bandaging, which is regularly taught in Europe, is very frequently overlooked by teachers in this country; the student and junior practitioner, therefore, may often require that knowledge which this little volume so tersely and happily supplies.— Charleston Med. Journ. and Review. 
A work that hus been so long and favorably known to the profession as Dr. Sargent's Minor Surgery, needs no commendation from us. We would remark, however, in this connection, that minor surgery seldom gets that attention in our schools that its importance deserves. Our larger works are also very defective in their teaching on these small practical points. This little book will supply the void which all must feel who have not studied its pages.—Western Lancet. 
SMITH (W. TYLER), M. D., Physician Accoucheur to St. Mary's Hospital, Ac. 
ON PARTURITION, AND THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OP OBSTETRICS. In one royal 12mo volume, extra cloth, of 400 pages. $125. 
THE SAME AUTHOR. 
A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF LEUCORRHG2A. With numerous illustrations. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, of about 250 pages. $1 50. 
TANNER (T. HJ, M. D., Physician to the Hospital for Women, Ac. 
A MANUAL OP CLINICAL MEDICINE AND PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS. To which is added The Code of Ethics of the American Medical Association. Second American Edition. In one neat volume, small 12mo., extra cloth, 87$ cents. 
TAYLOR (ALFRED S.), M. D., F. R. S., Lecturer on Medical Jurisprudence and Chemistry in Guy's Hospital. 
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE. Fifth American, from the seventh improved aiu enlarged London edition. With Notes and References to American Decisions, by Edward Hartshorne. M. D. In one large 8vo. volume, leather, of over 700 pages. (NowReady.) $3 25. This standard work having had the advantage of two revisions at the hands of the author since the appearance of the last American edition, will be found thoroughly revised and brought up completely to the present sta'e of the science. As a work of auihority, it must therefore maintain its position, both as a text-book for the student, and a compendious treatise to which the practitioner can at a 1 ! times refer in eases of doubt or difficulty. 
No work upon the subject can be put into the I nanus of studeuts either of law or medicine which will engage them more closely or profitably; and none could be oflered to the busy practitioner ol either calling, for the purpose of casual or husty reference, that would be more likely Watford tne aiu desired. We therefore recommend it as the best and j safest manual for daily use.— American Journal oj Medical Sciences. 
It is not excess of praise to say that the volume before us is the very best treatise extant on Medical Jurisprudence. In saying this, we do not wish to be understood as detracting from the merits of tht excellent works of Beck, Ryan, Traill, Guy, and others; but in interest and value we think it must be conceded that Taylor is superior to anything that hus preceded it.— N. W. Medical and Surg, lournal 
It is at once comprehensive and eminently practical, aud by universal consent stands at the head of 
American and British legal medicine. It should be in the possession of every physician, as the subject is one of great and increasing importance to the public as well as to the profession.— St Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
This work of Dr. Taylor's is generally acknowledged to be one of the ablest cstant on the subject of medical jurisprudence, it is certainly one ot the most attractive nooks that we have met with ; supplying so much both to interest and instruct, that we do not hesitate to affirm that after having once commenced its perusal, few could be prevailed upon to desist before completing it. In the last London edition, all the newly observed and accurately recorded fuels have been inserted, including much that is recent, of Chemical, Microscopical, and Pathological research, besidi s papers on numerous subjects never before published.— Charleston Med. Journal and Review. 
by the same author. (New Edition, just issued.) ON POISONS, IN KELATION TO MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE AND MEDICINE. Second American, from a second and revised London edition. In one large octavo Volume, of 755 pages, leather. $3 50. 
Since the first appearance ot this work, the rapid advance of Chemistry has introduced into Use many new substances which may become fatal through accident or design — while at the same time it has likewise designated new and more exact modes of counteracting or detecting those previously treated of. Mr. Taylor's position as the leading medical jurist of Englund, has during this period conferred on him extraordinary advantages in acquiring experience e n these subjects, nearly all cases of moment being referred to him lor examination, as an expert whose testimony is generally accepted as final. The results of his labors, therefore, as gathered together in this volume, carefully weighed and sifted, and piesented in the clear and intelligible style for which he is noted, may be received as an acknowledged authority, and as a guide to be followed with implicit confidence. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS 
29 
TODD (ROBERT BENTLEY), M. F. R. 8., Professor of Physiology in King's College, London; and WILLIAM BOWMAN, F. R. S., Demonstrator of Anatomy in King's College, London. 
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF MAN. With about three hundred large and beautiful illustrations on wood. Complete in one large octavo volume, of 950 pages, leather. Price $4 50. f3T Gentlemen who have received portions of this work, as published in the " Medical News and Library," can now complete their eopies, if immediate application be made. It will be furnished as follows, free by mail, in puper covers, with cloth backs. 
Parts I., II., III. (pp. 25 to 552), $2 50. Part IV. (pp. 553 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, &c), $2 00 Or, Part IV., Section II. (pp. 725 to end, with Title, Preface, Contents, &c), $1 25. 
A magnificent contribution to British medicine, anu the American physician who shall fail to pei use it, wil. have failed to read one of the most instructive books of the nineteenth century.— N. O. Med and Surg. Journal. 
11 is more concise than Carpenter's Principles, and more modern than the accessible edition of Mailer's Elements; its details are brief, but sufficier. t; its descriptions vivid ; its illustrations exact and copious; and its language terse and perspicuous.— Charleston Med. Journal. 
We know of nc work on the subject of physiology 
so well adapted to the wants of the medical student. Its completion has been thus Ion? delayed, that the authors might secure accuracy by personal observation.—St. Louis Med. and Surg. Journal. 
Our notice, though it conveys but a very feeble and imperfect ideu of the magnitude and importance of the work now under consideration, already transcends our limits ; and, with the indulgt nee of our readers, and the hope that they will peruse the book for themselves, as we feel we can with confidence recommend it, we leave it in their hands. — The Northwestern Med and Surg. Journal. 
TODD (R. B.) M. D., F. R. S., &c. CLINICAL LECTURES ON CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS AND ON DROPSIES. In one octavo volume, 284 pages. $1 50. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Now Ready.) CLINICAL LECTURES ON CERTAIN ACUTE DISEASES. In one neat octavo volume, of 320 pages, extra cloth. $1 75. 
TOYNBEE (JOSEPH), F. R. S., Aural Surgeon to, and Lecturer on Surgery at, St. Mary's Hospital. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE EAR; their Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment. Illustrated with one hundred engravings on wood. In one very handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, $3 00. (Just Issued.) 
The work, as was stated at the outset of our notice, is a model ot its kind, and every page and paragraph 01 it are worthy of the most thorough study. Considered all in all—as an original work, well written, philosophically elaborated, and happily illustrated with eases and drawings—it is bv far the aldest monograph that has ever appeared on the anatomy and diseases of the oar. and one of the must, valuable contributions to the art and science of surgery in the nineteenth century.— N. Amer. Medico- Chirurg Review, Sept. 1860. To recommend such a work, even after the mere hint we have given of its original excellence and value, would be a work of supererogation. We are speaking within the h ints of modest acknowledge 
ment, and with a sineere and unbiassed judgment, when we affirm that as a treatise on Aural Surgery, it is without a rivil in oar language or any other.— Charleston Med Jo urn and Rtvitw, Sept. 1&60. The work of Mr. Toynbei is undoubtedly, upon the whole the most valuable production of tne kind uyiny language. The author lias long uetn known by his numerous monographs upon subjects coif neeted with diseasei of the ear, and is now regarded as the Highest authority on must points in his department of science. Mr Toynbee's work, at we have alreauy said, is undoubtedly the most reliable ?;uide for the study of the diseases of the tar in any anguage, and should be-in the library of every pay - Bieian.— Chicago Med. Journal, July, 1800. 
WILLIAMS (C. J. B.), M.D., F. R. S., Professor of Clinical Medicine in University College, London, &o. 
PRINCIPLES OP MEDICINE. An Elementaiy View of the Causes, Nature, Treatment, Diagnosis, and Prognosis of Disease; with brief remarks on Hygienics, or the preservation of health. A new American, from the ihird and revised London edition. In one octavo volume, leather, of about 500 pages. $2 50. (Just Issued.) 
We find that the deeply-interesting matter and style of this book have so far fascinated us, that we have unconsciously hung upon its pages, not too long, indeed, for our own profit, but longer than reviewers can be permitted to indulge, we leave the furtheranalysis to the student anil practitioner. Our judgment of the work has already been sufficiently 
expressed. It is a judgment of almost unqualified praise.— London Lancet. 
A text-book to which no other in our language is comparable.— Charleston Medical Journal. 
No work has ever achieved or maintained a more deserved reputation.— Va. Med. and Surg. Journal. 
WHAT TO OBSERVE 
AT THE BEDSIDE AND AFTER DEATH, IN MEDICAL CASES. Published under the authority of the London Society for Medical Observation. A new American, from the second and revised London edition. In one very handsome volume, royal 12mo., extra cloth. $1 00. 
To the observer who prefers accuracy to blunders and precision to carelessness, this little book is in- valuable.— N. H. Journal of Medicine. 
One of the finest aids to a young practitioner we have ever seen.— Peninsular Journal of Medicine. 


30 
BLANCHARD to LEA'S MEDICAL 
New and much enlarged edition—(Just Issued.) WATSON (THOMAS), M.D., tc, Late Physician to the Middlesex Hospital, &c. LECTURES ON THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PHYSIC. Delivered at King's College, London. A new American, from the last revised and enlarged English edition, with Additions, by D. Francis Condie, M. D., author of " A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Children," &c. With one hundred and eighty.five illustrations on wood. In oue very large and handsome volume, imperial octavo, of over 1200 closely printed pages in small type; the whole strongly bound in leather, with raised bands. Price $4 25. 
That the high reputation ol" this work might be fully maintained, the author has subjected it to a thorough revision; every portion has been examined with the aid of the most recent researches in pathology, and the results of modern investigations in both theoretical and practical subjects have been carefully weighed and embodied throughout its pages. The watchful scrutiny of the editor has likewise introduced whatever possesses immediate importance to the American physician in relation to diseases incident to our climate which are little known in England, as well as those points in which experience here has led to different modes of practice; and he has also added largely to the series of illustrations, believing that in this manner valuable assistance may be conveyed to the student in elucidating the text. The work will, therefore, be found thoroughly on a level with the most advanced state of medical science on both sides of the Atlantic. 
The additions which the work has received are shown by the fact that notwithstanding an enlargement in the size of the page, more than two hundred additional pages have been necessary to accommodate the two large volumes of the London edition (which sells at ten dollars), within the compass of a single volume, and in its present form it contains the matter of at least three ordinary octavos. Believing it to be a work which should lie on the table of every physician, and be in the hands of every student, the publishers have put it at a price within the reach of all, making it one of the cheapest books as yet presented to the American profession, while at the same time the beauty of its mechanical execution reuders it an exceedingly attractive volume. 
The fourth edition now appears, so carefully revised, as to add considerably to the value of a book already acknowledged, wherever the Knglish language is read, to be beyond all comparison the best systematic work on the Principles and Practice of Physic in the whole range of medical literature. Every lecture contains proof of the extreme anxiety of the author to keep pace with the advancing knowledge of the day, and to bring the results of the iabors, not only of physicians, but of chemists and bistologists, before his readers, wherever they can be turned to useful account. And this is done with such a cordial appreciation of the merit due to the industrious observer, such a generous desire to encourage younger and rising men, and such a candid acknowledgment of his own obligations to them, that one scarcely knows whether to admire most the pure, simple, forcible English—the vast amount of useful practical information condensed into the Lectures—or the manly, kind-hearted, unassuming character of the lecturer shining through his work. — London Med. Times and Gazette. 
Thus these admirable volumes come before the profession in their fourth edition, abounding in those distinguished attributes of moderation, judgment, erudite cultivation, clearness, and eloquence, with which they were from the first invested, but yet richer than before in the results of more prolonged observation, and jn the able appreciation of the latest advances in pathology and medicine by one of the most profound medical thinkers of the day.— London Lancet. 
! The lecturer's skill, his wisdom, his learning, are equalled by the ease of his graceful diction, his eloquence, and the far higher qualities ol candor, of courtesy, of modesty, and of generous appreciation f 1 of merit in others. May he long remain to instruct . us, and to enjoy, in the glorious sunset of his de' clining years, the honors, the confidence and love • ! gained during his useful life.—IV. A. Med.-Chir. I j Review. 
Watson's unrivalled, perhaps unapproachable work on Practice—the copious additions made to which (the fourth edition) have given it all the novelty and much of the interest of a new book.— Charleston Med. Journal. 
Lecturers, practitioners, and students of medicine will equally hail the reappearance of the work of Dr. Watson in the form of anew—afourth—edition. We merely do justice to our own feelings, and, we are sure, of the whole profession, if we thank him for having, in the trouble and turmoil of a largs practice, made leisure to supply the hiatus caused by the exhaustion of the publisher's stock of the third edition, which huts been severely felt for the last three years. For Dr. Watson has not merely caused the lectures to be reprinted, but scattered through the whole work we find additions or alterations which prove that the author has in every waysought to bring up his teaching to the level of .he most recent acquisitions in science.— Brit, and For. Medico-Chir. Review. 
WALSH E (W. H.), M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine in University College, London, &c. A PRACTICAL TREATISE ON DISEASES OF THE LUNGS; including the Principle* of Physical Diagnosis. A new American, from the third revised and much enlarged London edition. In one vol. octavo, of 468 pages. {Just Issued, June, 1860.) $"2 25. 
The present edition has been carefully revised and much enlarged, and may be said in the main to be rewritten. Descriptions of several diseases, previously omitted, are now introduced; tbe causes and mode of production of tbe more important affections, so far as they possess direct practical significance, are succinctly inquired into; an effort has been made to bring the description ol anatomical characters to the level of the wants of the practical physician; and the diagnosis and prognosis of each complaint are more completely considered. The sections on Treatment and the Appendix (concerning the influence of climate on pulmonary disorders), have, especially, been largely extended. — Author's Preface. 
In press, by the same author, a volume on Diseases of the Heart and Aorta, to match the above. 
WILSON (ERASMUS), F. R. S., Lecturer on Anatomy, London. 
THE DISSECTOR'S MANUAL; or, Practical and Surgical Anatomy. Third American, from the last revised and enlarged English edition. Modified and rearranged, by William Hunt, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy in the University of Pennsylvania. In one large and handsome royal 12mo. volume, leather, of 582 pages, with 154 illustrations. $2 00. 


AND SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS. 
31 
New and much enlarged edition—(Just Issued.) 
WILSON (ERASMUS), F. R. S. 
A SYSTEM OF HUMAN ANATOMY, General and Special. A new and revised American, from thelast and enlarged Engli;-h Edition. Edited by W. H. Gobrecht, M. U., Professor of Anatomy in the Pennsylvania Medical College, &c. Illustrated with three hundred and ninety-seven engravings on wood. In one large and exquisitely printed octavo volume, of over 600 large pages; leather. $3 25. 
The publishers trust that the well earned reputation so long enjoyed by this work will be more than maintained by the present edition. Besides a very thorough revision by the author, it has been most carefully examined by the editor, and the efforts of both have been directed to introducing everything which increased experience in its use has suggested as desirable to render it a complete text-book for those seeking to obtain or to renew an acquaintance with Human Anatomy. The amount of additions which it has thus received may be estimated from the fact that the present edition contains over one-fourth more matter than the last, rendering a smaller type and an enlarged page requisite to keep the volume within a convenient size. The author has not only thus added largely to the work, but he has also made alterations throughout, wherever there appeared the opportunity of improving the arrangement or style, so as to present every fact in its most appropriate manner, and to render the whole as clear and intelligible as possible. The editor has exercised the utmost caution to obtain entire accuracy in the text, and has largely increased the number of illustrations, of which there are about one hundred and fifty more in this edition than in the last, thus bringing distinctly before the eye of the student everything of interest or importance. 
It may be recommended to the student as no less distinguished by its accuracy and clearness of description than by its typographical elegance. The wood-cuts are exquisite.— Brit, and For. Medical Review. 
An elegant edition of one of the most useful and accurate systems of anatomical science which has been issued from the press The illustrations are really beautiful. In its style the work is extremely concise and intelligible. No one can possibly take up this volume without being struck with the greut 
beauty of its mechanical execution, and the clearness of the descriptions which it contains is equally evident. Let students, by all means examine tae claims of this work on their notice, before they purchase a text-book of the vitally important science which this volume so fully and easiiy unfolds.— Lancet. We regard it as the best system now extant for students.— Western Lancet. It therefore receives our highestcommendation. Southern Med. and Surg. Journal. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. (Jltst Issued.) ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN. Fourth and enlarged American, from the last and improved London edition. In one large octavo volume, of 650 pages, extra cloth, $2 75. 
The writings of Wilson, upon diseases of the skin, are by far the most scientific and practical that have ever been presented to the medical world on this subject. The present edition isa great improvement on all its predecessors. To dwell upon all the great merits and high claims of the work before us. seriatim, would indeed be an agreeable service; it would be a mental homage which we could freely offer, but we should thus occupy an undue amount of space in this Journal. We will, howtver, look 
at some of the more salient points with which it iImmuds, and which make itincompurauiy superior in excellence to all other treatises on the subject of dermatology. No mere speculative views are allowed a place in this volume, which, without a doubt, will, for a very long period, be acknowledged as the chief standard work on dermatology. The principles of an enlightened and rational therapeia are introduced on every appropriate occasion.— Am. Jour. Med. Science, Oct. 1657. 
ALSO, NOW READY, 
A SERIES OF PLATES ILLUSTRATING WILSON ON DISEASES OF THE SKIN ; consisting of nineteen beautifully executed plates, of which twelve are exquisitely colored, presenting the Normal Anatomy and Pathology of the Skin, and containing accurate representations of about one hundred varieties of disease, most of them the size of nature. Price in cloth $4 25. In beauty of drawing and accuracy and finish of coloring these plates will be found equal to anything of the kind as yet issued in this country. 
The plates by which this edition is accompanied leave nothing to be desired, so far as excellence of delineation and perfect accuracy of illustration are concerned.— Medico-Chirurgical Review. 
We have already expressed our high appreciation of Mr. Wilson's treatise on Diseases of the Skin. The plates are comprised in a separate volume, which we counsel all those who possess the text to purchase. It is a beautiful specimen of color printing, and the representations of the various forms of skin disease are us faithful as is possible in plates of the size.— Boston Med.and Surg. Journal, April 8, 1858. 
Of these plates it is impossible to speak too highly. The representations of the various forms of cutaneous disease ate singularly accurate, and the coloring exceeds almost anything we have met with in point of delicacy and hnwlu—British and Foreign Medical Review. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. ON CONSTITUTIONAL AND HEREDITARY SYPHILIS, AND ON SYPHILITIC ERUPTIONS. In one small octavo volume, extra cloth, beautifully printed, with four exquisite colored plates, presenting more than thirty varieties ol syphilitic eruptions. $2 25. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. HEALTHY SKIN; A Popular Treatise on the Skin and Hair, their Preservation and Management. Second American, from the fourth London edition. One neat volume, royal 12mo. 5 extra cloth, of about 300 pages, with numerous illustrations. $1 00; paper cover, 75 cents. 
WHITEHEAD ON THE CAUSES AND TREAT- I MENT OF ABORTION AND STERILITY. I 
Second American Edition. In one volume, oetavo extra cloth, pp. 308. 81 75. 


32 
BLANCHARD fz LEA'S MEDICAL PUBLICATIONS. 
WINSLOW (FORBES), M. D., D. C. L.j Stc. ON OBSCURE DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND DISORDERS OF THE MIND; their incipient Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prophylaxis. In one handsome octavo volume, of nearly 600 pages. (Just Issued.) $3 00. 
We close this brief and necessarily very imperfect notice of Dr. Winslow's and Classical work, by expressing our conviction that it is long since so important and beautifully writteu a volume has issued from the British medical press — Dublin Med. J'ress, July 25, 1560. 
We honestly believe this to be the best book of the se-usotj.— Ranlcing's Abstract, July, 1860. 
It cairied us back to our old days of novel reading, it kept us from our dii.ner, from our butiuess, and from our slumbers; in short, we laid it down only when we had got to the end of the last paragraph, and even then turned back to the repei usal of several passages which we lud marked as requiring further study We have failed entirely in the above notice to give an adequate acknowledgment of the profit und pleasure witn which we have perused the above work. We can only say to our readers, study it 
yourselves; and we extend the invitation to unprofessional as well as professional men, believing that it contains matter deeply interesting not to physicians alone, but to all who appreciate the trutli that: " The proper study of mankind is man."— Nashville Medical Record, July, I860. 
The latter portion of Dr. Winslow's work is exclusively devoted to the consideration of Cerebral Pathology. It completely exhausts the subject, in the same manner as the previous seventeen chapters relating to morbid psychical phenomena left nothing unnoticed in reference to ihe mental symptoms premonitory of cerebral disease. It is impossible to overrate the benefits likely lo result from a general perusal of Dr. Winslow's valuajle and deeply interesting work— London Lancet, June 23, 1660. 
It contains an immense mnss of information.— Brit, and For. Med.-Chir. Review, Oct. ltrOO. 
WEST (CHARLES), M. D., Accoucheur to and Lecturer on Midwifery at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Physician to the Hospital for Sick Children, ice. LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF WOMEN. Second American, from the second London edition. In one handsome octavo volume, extra cloth, ol about 500 pages; price $2 50. (Now Ready, July, 1861.) Gentlemen who received ihe first portion, as issued in the "Medical News and Libraiy," can now complete iheir copies by procuring Part II, being page 309 to end, with Index, Title matter, &c, 8vo., cloth, price $1. 
We must now conclude this hastily written sketch with the confident assurance to our readers that the work will well repay perusal. The conscientious, painstaking, practical physician is apparent on every page.— N. Journal of Medicine, March, 1858. We know of no treatise of the kind so complete an I yet so compact.— Chicago Med. Journal, January, 1858. 
A fairer, more honest, more earnest, and more re liable investigator of the many diseases of women and children is not to be found in any country.— Southern Med. and Surg. Journal, January 1856. 
We gladly recommend his Lectures as in the highest degree instructive to all who are interested in obstetric practice.— London Lancet. We have to say of it, bnetiy and decidedly, that it is the best work on the subject in any language; and that it stamps Dr. West as the facile princeps of British obstetric authors.— Edinb. Med. Journ. As a writer, Dr. West stands, in our opinion, secona only to Watson, the ¦« Macaulay of .Medicine;" he possesses that, happy faculty of clothing instruc tion in easy garments; combining pleasure with profit, he leads his pupils, iu spite of the ancient 
proverb, along a royal road to learning. His work is one which will not satisfy the extreme on either side, but it is one that will please the great majority who are seeking truth , and one that will convince the student that he has committed himself to a candid, sale, and valuable guide. We anticipate with pleasure the appearance of the second part of the work, which, if it equal* this part, will complete one of our very best voltlmea upon diseases of females —jtV. A. Med -Chirurg. Review, July, 1858. 
Happy in his simplicity of manner, and moderate in his expression of opinion, the author is a sound reasoner und a good piactitioner, and his book is woithy ot the handsome ga'b in which it has appeared from the press of the Philadelphia publishers. — Virginia Med fournat. 
We must take leave of Di. West's veiy useful work, with our commendation o( tne clearness of its style, and the im ustn and sobriety of judgment of which ll gives evidence.— London Med Times and Gazette 
Sound judgment and good sense pervade every chapter ot the uook. From its perusal we have derived unmixed jatisfuction.— Dublin Quart. Juurn. 
BY THE same author. (Just Issued.) LECTURES ON THE DISEASES OF INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD. Third American, from the fourth enlarged and improved London edition. In one handsome octuvo volume, extra clotn, of about six hundred and fifty pages. 75. 
The three former tditions of the work now before d us have placed the author in tne foremost rank of w those physicians who have tevoted special attention pi to tne diseabes of early life We attempt no ana- ti 1) sis of this edition, but may refer the reader to some tl of the chapters to which the largest additions have si been made—those on Diphtheria, Disorders of the ol Mind, and Idiocy, for instance—as a prooi that the tl work is really a new edition; not a mere reprint. L In its preient shape it will be lound of the greatest O possible service in the every-Oay practice of ninetenths of the profession.— Med Times and Gazette, e | London, Dtc. 10, IsJoD. U( 
All things coiisid red this book of Dr. West is by far the best treatise in our language upon Buch modifications of morbid action and disease as are witiimsed when we have to deal with infancy and childhood. It is true that it confines itself to such disorders as come within the proviaee of the physician even with respect to these it is unequal as regards mmutemss ol consideration, and some 
diseases it omits to notice altogether. But those Who know anything of the present condition of paediatrics will readily admit that it would be next to impossible to effect more, or effect it better, than the accoucheur of Sc. Bartholomew's has done m a single voiume. The lecture (XVI.) upon Disoritrs of the Mind in children is an admirable specimen of the vulue oi the later information conveyed in ihe Lectures of Dr. Charles West.— London Lancet, Oct. 22, 1659. 
Since the appearance of the first edition, about eleven years ago, the experience of the author hus doubled ; so that, whereas the lectures at first were founded ou six hundred observations, and one hundred and eigniy dissections made among ueaily fourteen thousand children, they now embody the results of nine hundred observations, and two hundred und eighty-eight post- mortem examinations made among nearly thirty thousand children, who, during tne past twenty years, have been undei his cure.— British Med. Journal, Out. 1, 1859. 
BY THE SAME AUTHOR. AN ENQUIRY INTO THE PATHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF ULCERATION OF THE OS UTERI. Id one neat octavo volume, extra cloth. $1 00.