AN AID TO MATERIA MEDICA BY ROBERT H. M. DAWBARN, M.D. M* PROFESSOR OF OPERATIVE SURGERY AND SURGICAL ANATOMY NEW YORK POLYCLINIC THIRD EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED By WOOLSEY HOPKINS, M.D, G. P. PUTNAM'S _ LONDON- 24 Bedford Streep, Jjtrbochrr Copyright, 1894 BY WOOLSEY HOPKINS Electrotyped, Printed and Bound by Ube Iknicfterbocker press, 11-lew IJorfc G. P. Putnam's Sons PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The changes in the Pharmacopoeia of 1890 (first published late in 1893) have made necessary a complete revision of this book. Many additional drugs and preparations have become official, while others have been dismissed. Changes in the strength and composition of various medicines have been made, the list of the more important of which will be found in the appendix. There have also been added to this edition sev- eral brief chapters and tables, which it is hoped may be useful, e. g. : rules for the dosage of medi- cines in childhood ; the natural orders of drugs ; the percentage of alcohol in various unofficial wines, liquors, etc.; a list of the more important new remedies ; some dangerous abbreviations in prescription-writing ; an article on incompatibility ; etc. For students, the author believes such a volume as this to be of value ; since examiners require much that the practitioner soon lays aside. The writer, after thirteen years as a physician, finds him- self using, however, a very limited range of drugs ; and believes it would be the part of wisdom to drop III PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION from the official list at least half of those now cum- bering it-possibly even more. Pleasant medication-a subject sorely neglected in our schools-demands, too, that the bulk of the preparations now in the Pharmacopoeia shall be laid aside. Wherever cost permits, active principles should supplant the crude drug, because of greater certainty in dosage. Tablet-triturates, too, are fast replacing the fluid extracts, tinctures, infusions, de- coctions ; and by further aid of gelatine- or sugar- coated pills, of gelatine capsules for bitter fluids, and of gelatine wafers for unpleasant powders, it is entirely possible to-day to avoid ever giving a dose which is objectionable to the taste. Neglect of this cardinal rule of common sense drives practice di- rectly into the hands of quacks, who are apt to remember it. To young physicians, the writer would add the hint, that it is always unwise to use any medica- ment, whether patent or proprietary, the exact and full ingredients of which are not published. And for doctors to patronize manufacturers who step aside from the path of propriety, in their greed for money, so far as to advertise their cures in public places and in newspapers, is to injure the profession, and ultimately themselves individually. We are greatly indebted to Dr. Charles Rice, Chairman of the Committee of Revision and Publi- cation of the latest U. S. Pharmacopoeia, for infor- mation concerning the new drugs, their dosage, etc. IV PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION The entire work of preparing this third edition has been performed by Dr. Woolsey Hopkins, of this city, to whom the writer wishes hereby to ex- press his appreciation, and recognition of the care- ful and accurate manner in which this labor, involv- ing months of time, has been completed. Robert H. M. Dawbarn. 105 West 74th Street, New York. V INTRODUCTORY. This little work aims to present, in brief space and tabular form, all the drugs and preparations recognized by the present Pharmacopoeia, with their doses expressed in both apothecaries' and metric systems ; also the exact composition and strength of all preparations. Synonyms, pronunciation, and, in the case of drugs of vegetable origin, the deriva- tion (as plant, shrub, tree) and habitat are given. A table of solubilities of chemicals in water and al- cohol has been added. It has seemed to the writer that a work of this scope, if accurate and reliable, would prove useful for ready reference both to the student preparing for examination and to the practitioner ; and much care and time have been devoted to insure free- dom from errors of statement. No other book save the Dispensatory (containing more than fifteen hundred pages) presents the facts grouped here. The Pharmacopoeia names no doses ; those herein given, in both systems, are for the most part recommended by the U. S. Dispensa- tory, latest edition ; in a few instances Wood's Materia Medica being preferred as an authority. VII INTRODUCTORY Following the Dispensatory, the metric doses of fluids are expressed in cubic centimeters instead of grams. It is hoped that the blank interleaved pages may prove a useful feature, permitting the admission, in alphabetical order, of any unofficial drugs or prepa- rations which the owner of the book may deem of enough value to warrant comment. The method of metric prescription-writing which has been introduced seems not to be generally known. It has simplicity to recommend it. VIII CONTENTS. PAGE Drugs : Official Preparations, their Strength and Dosagei Table of the Solubility of Chemicals in Water and in Alcohol 72 An Easy Method of Writing Prescriptions in the Metric System 82 Some Dangerous Abbreviations .... 91 List of Articles Added to the Pharmacopoeia . 93 List of Articles Dismissed from the Pharma- copoeia 95 List of Changes of Official Latin Titles . . 97 Table Showing the Strength of the More Im- portant Pharmacopceial Preparations in the Present and in the Preceding Pharmacopoeia, ioo List of the Newer Unofficial Drugs . . . 102 Incompatibility 132 IX DRUGS. OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS, THEIR STRENGTH AND DOSAGE.* The doses given throughout this book are for adults. For children the following rules will be found convenient: I. Dr. Young's Rule. The proportionate dose is found by (age \ Thus for a child one year old, -I- = y-3- ; two years, -A- = etc., the dose for an adult. 2. Dr. R. O. Cowling's Rule. The proportionate dose for any age under adult life is represented by the number of the following birthday divided by twenty-four, i. e., for one year, -fa = ; for two years, = |, etc. 3. Dr. Clark's Rule. The proportionate dose is repre- sented by a fraction whose numerator is the patient's weight, and whose denominator is 150, the average weight of an adult. Thus, for a child weighing twenty-five pounds, T25% = |; thirty pounds, etc., of the adult dose. Children bear opiates badly, and the dose must in them be reduced out of proportion. Indeed a new-born child should not receive opium in any dose whatever. But, on the other hand, they stand comparatively large doses of several other drugs, such being Arsenic, Aconite, Belladonna, Ipecac, Squills, Jaborandi, Mercury, Quinine, Laxatives. * Those few drugs and preparations which, although not official, it has been thought advisable to introduce, are indicated by $ placed before them. The strength of all preparations is given in parts by weight. ABS ACI The dose for hypodermic injection should be one half to three fourths that given by the mouth. The dose per rectum should be one fourth larger than that by the mouth, save in the instance of Strychnine, which seems to act as vigorously by the rectum as by the mouth in the same dose. Gm. Cc. Absinth'ium.-Wormwood. The leaves and tops of Arte- misia Absinthium. A perennial plant (nat. ord. Com- posite). Europe, and naturalized in the U. S. Absinthium, in powder, gr. xx.-xl. 1.30-2.60 Vinum Aromaticum contains 1 $ of Wormwood. Aca cia.-Gum Arabic. A gummy exudation from Acacia Senegal. A small tree (nat. ord. Leguminosse). Africa chiefly. Acacia, powdered, Mucilago Aca'cise, Syrupus Acaciae, Dose indifferent; used as vehicles. Acetanili'dum.-Acetanilid Antifebrin. A white odor- less powder. Acetanilidum, gr. ii.-xv. 0.12-0.97 Ac'idum Acet'icum.-Acetic Acid. A liquid composed of 36$ of absolute acetic acid, and 64% of water. Acidum Aceticum. A mild caustic. Acidum Aceticum Dilutum (6$ of absolute acetic acid), 3 ss.-i. 2.-4. Acidum Aceticum Glacia'le, nearly or quite absolute acetic acid. At or below 590 F. a crystalline solid. Caustic. Ac'idum Arseno'sum.-Arsenous Acid. [White Arsenic. Arsenic Trioxide.] Either as an opaque powder or in transparent or semi-transparent masses ; permanent in the air, odorless and tasteless, and having a faintly acid reaction. See Arsenum. 2 Gm. Cc. Ac'idum Benzo'icum.-Benzoic Acid. White, lustrous scales or needles. See Benzoinum. Ac'idum Bo'ricum.-Boric Acid. [Boracic Acid.] Trans- parent, colorless, six-sided plates. Acidum Boricum, 3 ss. 2. Glyceri'tum Boroglyceri'ni (31 $). Ac'idum Carbol'icum.-Carbolic Acid. [Phenol.] A product of the distillation of coal-tar between the tem- peratures of i8o°-igo° C. [356°-374° F.] Colorless, interlaced, needle-shaped crystals, sometimes acquiring a pinkish tint. Deliquescent on exposure. Faintly acid reaction. Acidum Carbolicum, gr. i.-iij. 0.06-0.18 Glyceritum Ac'idi Carbol'ici, (20 %). Blii.-v. ' 0.12-0.31 Unguentum Acidi Carbolici, 1 in 10. Ac'idum Carbol'icum Cru'dum.-Crude Carbolic Acid. A liquid consisting of various constituents of coal-tar, chiefly cresol and phenol, obtained by fractional -distil- lation. Used for disinfecting purposes. Ac'idum Chro'micum.-Chromic Acid. Small, crimson, needle-shaped or columnar crystals, deliquescent. With strong alcohol, glycerin, spts. seth. nitr., or other easily oxidizable substances, it is liable to cause combustion or explosion. Used as a caustic. Ac'idum Ci'tricum.-Citric Acid. An organic acid, usually prepared from lemon-juice. Colorless prisms. Acidum Citricum, gr. v.-3 ss. 0.30-2. Syrupus Ac'idi Ci'trici,* 3 i.-iv. 4.-15. Ac'idum Gal'licum.-Gallic Acid. A solid in needles or prisms. An organic acid, obtained from nutgall, or prepared from tannic acid. Acidum Gallicum, gr. v.-xv. 0.30-1. ACI ACI * Contains nearly one part citric ac., and one part spirit of lemon, in 100. 3 Gm. Cc. Hydriod'icum.-Hydriodic Acid. Syrupus Ac'idi Hydriod'ici. See lodum. Ac'idum Hydrobro'micum Dilu'tum.-Diluted Hydro- bromic Acid. A liquid composed of 10$ of absolute Hydrobromic Acid, and 90$ of water.* Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum, 3 ij. 8. Ac'idum Hydrochloricum.-Hydrochloric Acid. [Mu- riatic Acid, Pharm. 1870.] A liquid composed of 31.9 % of absolute Hydrochloric Acid gas and 68.1 % of water. Acidum Hydrochloricum, Til v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum, f xv.- 3 ss. 1.-2. Ac'idum Hydrocyan'icum Dilu'tum.-Diluted Hydro- cyanic Acid. [Prussic Acid, Cyanhydric Acid.] A liquid composed of 2 % of absolute Hydrocyanic Acid, and 98 % of water. Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, HI ij.-iv. 0.12-0.25 Potas'sii Cyan'idum,! gr. *4 0.008 Potassii Ferrocyanidum, chiefly pharm. use. Ac'idum Hypophosphoro'sum Dilu turn.-Diluted Hy- pophosphorous Acid. A liquid composed of 10 % by weight of absolute Hypophosphorous Acid and 90 % of water. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutuni, TIL x.-3 i. 0.62-3.7. Ac'idum Lac'ticum.-Lactic Acid. An organic acid com- posed of 75 % of absolute Lactic Acid, and 25 % of water. Acidum Lacticum, xv.- 3 ss. I.-2. Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis. See Calcium. Ferri Lactas. See Ferrum. Strontii Lactas. See Strontium. Ac'idum Ni'tricum.-Nitric Acid. A liquid composed of 68$ of absolute Nitric Acid, and 32 $ of water. ACI ACI * Two fluiddrachms contains 12 grains of bromine, equivalent in this to 18 grains of the bromide of potassium. + Hydrochloric acid, five parts; water, eleven parts. It contains 10% of absolute hydrochloric acid. t Dose, gr. to (Wood). 4 ACI ACI Gm. Cc. Acidum Nitricum, v.-xv. 0.30-1. Acidum Nitricum Dilutum,* HL xx.-xl. 1.25-2.50 Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum. - Nitrohydrochloric Acid. [Nitromuriatic Acid, Pharm. 1870. Aqua Regia.] Nitric Acid, 18$; Hydrochloric Acid, 82$. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum, Rl, iij.-vi. 0.18-0.36 AcidumNitrohydrochloricum Dilutum,]- H,x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Ac idum Ole'icum.-Oleic Acid. A yellowish, oily liquid, tasteless, nearly odorless, neutral reaction. Used in the preparation of oleates. Ac'idum Phosphor'icum.-Phosphoric Acid. A liquid composed of Orthophosphoric Acid, 85$, and water, 15$. Acidum Phosphoricum, TTfv.-x. 0.30-0.60 Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum,! Hl xx.- 3 i. 1-25-3.75 Ac'idum Salicyl'icum.-Salicylic Acid. White, prisma- tic, needle-shaped crystals. Acidum Salicylicum, gr. x.-3 i. 0.60-3.75 So'dii Salicy'las,§ gr. xx.-3 i- 1-30-3.75 Lith'ii Salicylas,|| gr. xx.-xl. 1.30-2.60 Physostigmi'nee Salicylas. See Physostigma. A'cidum Steari'cum.-Stearic Acid. An organic acid usually obtained from the more solid fats, chiefly tallow. Ac'idum Sulphu'ricum.-Sulphuric Acid. [Oil of Vitriol.] A liquid, not less than 92.5 % absolute Sulphuric Acid, and not more than 7.5 $ water. Acidum Sulphuricum, Caustic. * Nitric acid, one part ; water about six parts. It contains 10% of ab- solute nitric acid. + Nitric acid, four parts ; hydrochloric acid, eighteen parts ; water, seventy-eight parts. f Phosphoric acid, two parts ; water, fifteen parts. It contains 10% of orthophosphoric acid. § One drachm contains 40 grains of salicylic acid. || Is deliquescent. Every drachm contains 57.25 grains of salicylic acid, and 2.75 grains of lithium. Michel's Paste = sulphuric acid, three parts ; finely powdered asbes- tos, one part. 5 ACI ACO Gm, Cc. AcidumSulplmricumAromaticum,* TUx.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum,f TT[ x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.go Ac'idum Sulphuro'sum.-Sulphurous Acid. A liquid not less than 6.4$ of Sulphurous Acid Gas (SO3) and not more than 93.6$ water. Acidum Sulphurosum, Tip v.- 3 i. °-3o_3-57 Potas'sii Sulphis, gr. xv.-3 i. 1.-3.90 So'dii Sulphis, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.90 Sodii Bisul'phis, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.90 Sodii Hyposul'phis, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Ac'idum Tan'nicum.-Tannic Acid. [Tannin. Gallo-Tannic Acid.] Light yellowish scales. Obtained from nut- gall. Acidum Tannicum, gr. i.-xx. 0.06-1.30 Glyceritum Ac'idi Tan'nici (20$) Trochis'ci Acidi Tannici, 1 = gr. i 0.06 Unguentum Acidi Tannici, 1 in 5 Collodium Stypticum, See Collodium. Ac'idum Tartar'icum.-Tartaric Acid. Anorganic acid usually prepared from Argols. Colorless, transparent prisms. Acidum Tartaricum, gr. x.-xx, 0.65-1.30 Aconi'tum.-Aconite. [Monkshood, Wolfsbane.]:] The tuberous root of Aconitum Napellus. A perennial her- baceous plant (nat. ord. Ranunculacese). Europe. Extractum Aconiti, gr. 0.01-0.016 Extraction Aconiti Flu'idum, 14 ss.-i. 0.03-0.06 Tinctura Aconiti (35 Hl ss.-v. 0.03-0.30 * [Elixir of vitriol.] Contains sulphuric acid (1 part in 10), alcohol, tincture of ginger, and oil of cinnamon. t Sulphuric acid, one part ; water, eight parts. It contains 10 % of official sulphuric acid. f IVotflsbane, aconite ; leopardsbane, arnica ; ratsbane, arsenic ; flea- bane, erigeron ; henbane, hyoscyamus ; dogbane, periwinkle ; coivbane, water-hemlock. 6 Gm. Cc. $ Fleming's Tincture of Aconite.* Chiefly external use. $ Aconitine.! A deps.-Lard. [Axungia Porci.] The prepared internal fat of the abdomen of Sus scrofa (the hog). Adeps Benzoina'tus. See Benzoin. Ceratum, lard 7, white wax 3. Unguentum, lard 4, yellow wax 1. Oleum Pharm. use. A'deps Lan'ae Hydro'sus.-Hydrous Wool-Fat. The puri- fied fat of the wool of sheep, mixed with not more than 30$ of water. External use. AL'ther.-Ether. [Stronger Ether of U. S. P. 1880.] Con- tains about 96 % Ethyl Oxide, and about 4 % Alcohol. /Ether, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Spiritus /E'theris,§ 3 i.-iij. 3.75-11.25 Spiritus Aitheris Compos'itus,|| 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Spiritus /Etheris Nitro'si,*|[ 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 /Ether Acet'icus.-Acetic Ether. [Acetate of Ethyl.] /Ether Aceticus, T^xv.-3 ss. 0.90-1.90 Al cohol.-Alcohol. [Rectified Spirit, Spirit of Wine.] A liquid 91 parts Ethyl Alcohol, and 9 parts water. Alcohol.** Dose, q.s. ADE ALC * ( 5 xss. in O i.) Is very nearly twice as strong as the official tincture, which is 5 vss. in O i. + The ordinary alkaloid of the market is unreliable. The crystalline form (Duquesnel) alone should be used. Dose : gr. 1/200 ; gm. 0.0003. J (Lard oil.) A fixed oil expressed from lard at a low temperature. § Is ether diluted with twice its volume of alcohol (ether 30, alcohol 70 parts). || (Hoffmann's Anodyne.) Ether 323, alcohol 65, ethereal oil 2% parts. 5 (Sweet spirit of nitre.) An alcoholic solution of ethyl nitrite (nitrous ether) containing 5% of the crude ether. ** The average percentage by measure of alcohol (sp. gr. 0.825) °f the following wines, liquors, etc. is : Sherry 19, Madeira 22, Malaga 18, Tokay 9, Burgundy 14, Claret 15, Hock 12, Champagne 13, Rum 53, Gin 51, Beer 1-3, Ale 7, Porter 4, Stout 7, Cider 7,-Wood, Dunglison, Gaillard's Medical Journal. 7 ALL ALO Gm. Cc. Alcohol Absolutum gg$ Alcohol Deo'doratum g2.5 % Alcohol Dilu'tum (Proof Spirit), Alcohol 41 water 5g % Spiritus Frumen'ti,* about 44-50$ absolute Alcohol. Spiritus Vini Gal'lici,} about 3g~47$ abs. Alcohol. Vinum Album, 10-14$ abs. Alcohol. Vinum Rubrum, 10-14$ abs. Alcohol. Al lium.-Garlic. The bulb of Allium sativum. A peren- nial plant (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Southern part of Europe. Allium, 3 ss.-ij. i.g5-7.8o Syrupus Al'lii, 3 i.-ij. 3.80-7.60 Al oe Barbaden'sis.-Barbadoes Aloes. The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe vera £ (nat. ord. Liliacese). Aloe Barbadensis, gr. ii.-x. 0.12-0.65 Aloenum, gr. |-.ii. 0.016-0.12 Al'oe Socotrina.-Socotrine Aloes, The inspissated juice of the leaves of Aloe Perryi. A plant from the east coast of Africa, island of Socotra, and Arabia. Aloe Socotrina, Aloe Purifica'ta, Extractum Al'oes, gr. ij.-x. 0.12-0.65 Pilulse Aloes.§ Pilulse Aloes et Asafoet'idae.|| Pilulse Aloes et Ferri. Pilulse Aloes et Mas'tiches.** * Whisky. Obtained by distillation of fermented grain, and at least two years old. f Brandy. Obtained by distillation of fermented grapes, and at least four years old. t Also obtained, from other varieties of Aloes. § Aloes and soap, aa gr. 2 in each pill. J Aloes, asafoetida, and soap, aa gr. 1% in each pill. 1 Aloes, dried sulphate of iron, and aromatic powder, aa gr. 1 in each pill. ** (Lady Webster's dinner pill.) Aloes, gr. 2, mastic and red rose, aa gr. % in each pill. 8 ALT AMM Gm. Cc. Pilulse Aloes et Myrrhae.* Tinctura Aloes (1 in 10), 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae,f 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Althse'a.-Marshmallow. The root of Althaea officinalis. An herbaceous perennial (nat. ord. Maloaceae). Europe and United States. Syrupus Althae'se, 3i.-|ss. 3-75-15. Alu men.-Alum. [Aluminii et Potassii Sulphas, Pharm. 1870. Potash Alum.] Alumen, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-2. Alumen Exsicca'tum, Alumini Hy'dras, Alumini Sul'phas, External use. Ammoni'acum.-Ammoniac. The gum-resin obtained from Dorema Ammoniacum. A plant (nat. ord. Umbel- liferm). Persia. Ammoniacum, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Emulsum Ammoniaci,| § ss.-i. 15.-30. Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrar'gyro. See Mercury. Ammo'nia.-A Gas (NHs). The gas Ammonia is not official. Aqua Ammo'niae (10 $ Ammonia), TIL x.-3 ss. 0.60-1.90 Aqua Ammonise For'tior (28 $ Ammonia). External use. Spiritus Ammonite (10$ Ammonia), TlLx.-3ss. 0.60-1.90 Spiritus Ammonise Aromat'icus,§ 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Linimentum Ammonise. || Liquor Ammo'nii § ss.-iss. 15.-45 Ammonii Carbo'nas (Sal Volatile), gr. v.-x. 0.33.-0.65 * Aloes, gr. 2; myrrh, gr. 1 • aromatic powder, gr. % in each pill. + aa 1 in 10 [Elixir Proprietatus], J (Mistura A., 1880, milk of A.) Ammoniac 4, water 100 parts. § Ammonii carbonas, 3 4$; aq. ammoniac, g%; and oils of lemon, lavender flowers, and nutmeg. || Aq. ammonia 35, cotton-seed oil 60 parts. T [Spirit of Mindererus], contains about 5$ of acetate of ammonium in dilute acetic acid. 9 AMY ANI Gm. Cc. Ammonii Chlo'ridum,* gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Trochis'ci Ammonii Chlo'ridi, gr. iss in each. Ammonii Nitras. Pharm. purposes. Ammonii Benzoas. See Benzoin. Ammonii Bromidum. See Bromine. Ammonii lodidum. See Iodine. Ammonii Valerianas. See Valerian. Amygdala Ama'ra.-Bitter Almond. The seed of Prunus Amygdalus, variety Amara. A tree (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Persia, Syria, and Barbary ; cultivated in the south of Europe. Aqua Amyg'dalae Ama'rae,f 3 ij. 7.50 Oleum Amygdalae Amarse, Uf i. 0.016-0.06 Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae, J 3 ss.-ii. 1.90-7.50 Amyg dala Dul'cis.-Sweet Almond. The seed of Prunus Amygdalus, variety dulcis. A tree (nat. ord. Rosaceae). See Amygdala Amara. Emulsum Amyg'dalae (Milk of Almonds). As a vehicle. Syrupus Amygdalae § (Syrup of Orgeat), 3 i.~ § i. 3-75_3O. Oleum Amygdalae Expres'sum, 3 i-~ 3 L 3-75~3O. A'myl Ni'tris.-Amyl Nitrite. A clear, pale-yellowish liquid, of an ethereal, fruity odor, aromatic taste, and neutral or slightly acid reaction. Amyl Nitris,|| TH, iij.-v. 0.18-0.30 Am'ylum.-Starch. The fecula of the seed of Zea Mays (wheat), (nat. ord. Gramineae). Amylum, powdered, Glyceri'tum External use. Ani'sum.-Anise. The fruit of Pimpinella Anisum. A * (Sal ammoniac. Muriate of ammonia.) t Oil of bitter almonds, i in 1000. t Oil of bitter almond, i %. § Contains a small quantity of bitter almond. || Either inhaled or given by the mouth. 1 (" Plasma.") A translucent jelly-starch i, glycerin 8 parts. 10 ANT ANT Gm. Cc. plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Egypt and the Levant; cultivated in Europe and the United States. Anisum, powdered, gr. xx.- 3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Aqua Ani'si. As a vehicle. Oleum Anisi,* illv.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Spiritus Anisi, 3 i.-ij. 3-75~7-5o An'themis.-Chamomile. The flower heads of Anthemis nobilis. An herbaceous plant (nat. ord. Compositse). Europe. Anthemis, powdered, 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Oleum Anthem idis, U], v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 $ Infusum Anthemidis, | i.-ij. 30.-60. Antimo'niutn.-Antimony. The metal Antimony is not official. Antimo'nii et Potas'sii Tar'tras.f gr. /g-i. 0.002-0.06 $ Antimonii Oxysulphure turn,£ gr. ss.-ij. 0.03-0.12 Antimonii Ox'idum,§ Antimonii Surphidum,|| Antimonii Sulphidum Purifica'tum, Pharm. purposes. Antimonii Sulphura'tum,T[ gr. i.-xx. 0.06-1.25 Pilulae Antimonii Compos'itae.** Pulvis Antimonia'lis,j-|- gr. iij.-viij. 0.20-0.52 Vinum Antimonii,Hl x.-3 i. 0.60-3.75 Syrupus Scillas Comp, contains tartar emetic, gr. i. in § i. * The oil of A. of commerce is obtained chiefly from the fruit of a Chinese tree, the Illicium Anisatum, or Star Anise. + (Tartar emetic.) t (Kermes mineral.) § " Should not be used as a medicine, as it is uncertain. Used in mak- ing tartar emetic." || "Used internally only in veterinary practice." T " An uncertain medicine, and very little used." ** (Plummer's pill.) Calomel and A. sulphuratum, aa gr. % in each. ft (James' powder.) A. oxidum, % ; precipitated phosphate of cal- cium, Tartar emetic, about gr. ij. in J i. ; more exactly, gr. 1.8. 11 APO ARS Cc. Apoc'ynum.-Canadian Hemp. The root of Apocynum cannabinum. A plant (nat. ord. Apocynaceae). In- digenous. Apocynum, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.60-1.95 Extractum Apoc'yni Fluidum, Hlviii.-3ss. 0.50-1.95 A'qua.-Water. Natural water in its purest attainable state. Aqua Destilla'ta.-Distilled Water. Argen'tum.-Silver. The metal Silver is not official. Argen'ti lod'idum, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Argenti Ni'tras, gr. %-X- 0.016-0.03 Argenti Nitras Dilu'tus* Argenti Nitras Fu'sus, External use. Argenti Ox'idum, gr. i. 0.06 Argenti Cyan'idum. Pharm. purposes. Ar'nicaa Flo'res.-Arnica Flowers. The flower heads of Arnica montana. [Leopard's bane.] A perennial herbaceous plant (nat. ord. Composite). Northern Europe and Asia, and the northwestern U. S. Tinctura Arnicas Florum (1 in 5), m, x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.90 Ar'nicae Ra'dix.-Arnica Root. The rhizome and rootlets of Arnica montana. See Arnicse Flores. Extractum Arnicae Radi'cis, gr. iij.-v. 0.20-0.33 Extractum Arnica? Radicis Fluidum, Hl v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Tinctura Arnicae Radicis (1 in 10), Hl xx.- 3 ss. 1.25-1.90 Emplastrum Arnicas extract of Arnica root). Arse'num.-Arsenic. The metal Arsenum is not official. Acidum Arseno'sum (arsenic), gr. 0.001-0.005 Arse'ni lod'idum, gr. •5^-rV- 0.003-0.006 So'dii Arse'nas, gr. yg-|. 0.005-0.02 Liquor Ac'idi Arseno'si,f Hl ij.-viij. 0.12-0.50 * A white, hard solid, equal parts nitrate of silver and nitrate of potassium. " Mitigated Stick." + Arsenous ac., i in 100; hydrochloric ac., 5 in too. Is the liq. arsenici chloridi of 1870. 12 ASA AUR Gvt. Cc. Liquor Arseni et Hydrar'gyri lod'idi,* Tq v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Liquor Sodii Arsena'tis,f TR, ij.-viij. 0.12-0.50 Liquor Potas'sii Arseni'tis,] ii[ ij.-viij. 0.12-0.50 Asafoet ida.-Asafcetida. A gum resin obtained from the root of Ferula foetida. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Persia and Afghanistan. Asafcetida, gr. v.-xv. 0.30-1. Pilulae Asafoet'idae, gr. iij. in each. Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae. See Aloe. Emulsum Asafcetidse § (Milk of A.), § ss.- § i. 15.-30. Tinctura Asafoetida (1 in 5), 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Ascle'pias.-Pleurisy Root. The root of Asclepias tu- berosa. A plant (nat. ord. Asclepiadeae). Indigenous. Asclepias, powdered, gr. xx.- 3 i. 1.30-3.90 Extractum Asclepia'dis Fluidum, xv.- 3 i. 0.90-3.90 Aspid ium.-Male Fern. The rhizome of Dryopteris Filix mas [Europe and elsewhere] and of Dryopteris mar- ginalis [Indigenous] (nat. ord. Filices). Oleoresi'na Aspid'ii, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Aspidosperma.-Quebracho. The bark of Aspidosperma Quebracho-bianco. A tree (nat. ord. Apocynaceae). Aspidosperma, gr. v.-3 ss. 0.32-1.90 Extractum Aspidospermatis Fluidum, til v.- 3 ss. 0.32-1.90 Auran'tii Ama ri Cor tex.-Bitter Orange Peel. The rind of the fruit of Citrus vulgaris. A small tree (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Chiefly Florida, the south of Europe, and the West Indies. Extractum Aurantii Amari Fluidum, m, xv.- 3 ss. 0.90-1.90 * Donovan's solution = iodide of arsenic and red iodide of mercury, aa i in xoo. Nearly equal in arsenical strength to gr. i.- J i. of arsenous acid. + Sodii arsenas, i in 100. Pearson's solution = sodii arsenas, gr. i.~ 5 i- ; therefore is much weaker than the official solution. J Fowler's solution = arsenous acid, x in too; potass, bicarb., 2 in 100; tinct. lavand. comp., 3 in 100. § Is asafoetida, 4 ; water, xoo parts. 13 AUR BAT. Gm. Cc. Tinctura Aurantii Amari, 3 i--ij- 3.75-7.50 Auran'tii Dul cis Cor tex.-Sweet Orange Peel. The rind of the fruit of Citrus Aurantium. See A. Amari Cortex. Oleum Aurantii Cor'ticis. Pharm. purposes. Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis, Spiritus Aurantii, Spiritus Aurantii Compositus,* Elixir Aromaticum.j- Syrupus Aurantii, As vehicles. Preparations of the flowers of both kinds of orange. Oleum Aurantii Florum. | Pharm. purposes. Aqua Aurantii Florum, Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior,§ Syrupus Aurantii Florum, As vehicles. Au'rum.-Gold. The metal Gold is not official. Au'ri et So'dii Chlo'ridum, gr. 0.005 $ A venae Fari'na.-Oatmeal. The meal prepared from the seeds of Avena sativa [Oats]. Bal'samuin Peruvia'num.-Balsam of Peru. A balsam obtained from Toluifera Pereiras. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Central America chiefly. Naturalized in Ceylon. Bal'samum Peruvia'num, 3 ss. 2. Balsamum Toluta'num.-Balsam of Tolu. A balsam obtained from Toluifera Balsamum. A tree (nat, ord. Leguminosae). For habitat see Bals. Peruv. Balsamum Tolutanum, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 * Oil, orange peel, 20 ; oil of lemon, 5 ; oil coriander, 2 ; oil of anise, 5 parts in 100. + Comp. spr. orange, 1.2 ; calcium phosphate, 1.5 ; syrup, alcohol, and water to 100. t Oil of Neroli. § Saturated solution of the oil of orange flowers. Aqua Aurantii Florum is half strength. 14 BAR BEN Gw. Cc. Syrupus Tolutanus,* § ss.-i. 15.-30. Tinctura Tolutana (1 in 10). 3 i.-ij. 3-75~7-50 Ba'rii Dioxi'dum.- Barium Dioxide or Peroxide. A heavy grayish or yellowish-white amorphous powder, odorless and tasteless. Used to make Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi (3 % of H2O8). Belladonnse Fo'lia. - Belladonna Leaves. [Deadly Nightshade.] The leaves of Atropa Belladonna. An herbaceous perennial plant (nat. ord. Solanacese). Europe ; cultivated in this country. Extractum Belladonnse Foliorum Alcoholium, gr. 0.008-0.03 Tinctura Belladonnse Foliorum (i in 6.66), H, x.-3 ss. 0.60-1.90 Emplastrum Belladonnse (Ale. ext., 1 in 5). Unguentum Belladonnse (Ale. ext., 1 in 10). Belladonnse Ra'dix.-Belladonna Root. The root of Atropa Belladonna. See Belladonnse Folia. Extractum Belladonnas Radicis Fluidum, Hl i.-ij. 0.06-0.12 Linimentum Belladonnas, f Atropi'na (alkaloid of B.), Atropi'nse Sulphas, ... gr- TW-Kff- 0.0006-0.001 Benzi'num.-Benzin. A purified distillate from American Petroleum. Used in pharmacy. Benzoi'num.-Benzoin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax Benzoin. A tree (nat. ord. Styraceae). East Indies chiefly. Ammonii Ben'zoas, Lithii Benzoas, Sodii Benzoas, Acidum Benzo'icum, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 * Bals, tolu., i, sugar and water ad roo parts, t Ext. belladonnas R. fluid., 95 ; camphor, 5 parts. 15 . Gm. Cc. Tinctura Benzoi ni (1 in 5), ir[xx.-3 ss. 1.25-1.go Tinctura Benzoini Composita,* 3 ss.- 3 ij. 1.90-7.50 Adeps Benzoina'tus f (1 in 50). Bismu thum.-Bismuth. The metal Bismuth is not official. Bismu'thi et Ammo'nii Citras, gr. i.-iij. 0.065-0.20 Bismuthi Citras, Pharm. purposes. BIS CAF Bismuthi Subcarbo'nas, Bismuthi Subni'tras, gr. x.- 3 i. 0.65-3.90 Bro mum.-Bromine. A liquid, non-metallic element, ob- tained from sea-water and from saline springs. Bromum, -iij- 0.01-0.18 Ammo'nii Bro'midum, gr. xx.-xl. 1.30-2.60 Cal'cii Bromidum, j: 3 ss.-ij. 1.95-7.80 Lith'ii Bromidum, gr. xv.~3ss. 1.00-1.95. Potas'sii Bromidum, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3.90 So'dii Bromidum, 3 ss.-ij. 1.95-7.80 Strontii Bromidum, gr. v.-x. 0.31-0.65 Zinci Bromidum, gr. iij.-x. 0.18-0.65 Bry'onia.-Bryony. The root of Bryonia alba, and of Bryonia dioica. Perennial herbaceous plants (nat. ord. Cucurbitacese). Europe. Bryonia, powdered, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3.90 Tinctura Bryo'nire (1 in 10), 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Buchu.-Buchu. The leaves of Barosma betulina, B. crenu- lata. Shrubs (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Southern Africa. Extractum Buchu Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Caf'fea.-Coffee. The seed of Coffea Arabica. A small tree. Arabia and Abyssinia; cultivated in many countries. Caf'fei'na.-Caffeine. A feebly basic proximate principle generally prepared from the dried leaves from Thea ♦Is "Friar's balsam." Contains benzoin 12, storax 8, bals. tolu 4, aloes 2, alcohol ad 100 parts. + Is the unguentum benzoini of 1870. J The bromides of calcium, lithium, and zinc are deliquescent. 16 Gm. Cc. sinensis, or from the dried seeds of Coffea Arabica or from Guarana, and occurring also in other plants. Caffeina, gr. ss.-v. 0.03-0.30 Caffeina Citrata, gr. ii.-v. 0.12-0.32 Caffeina Citrata Effervescens, 3 i.-iij. 3.80-11.25 Cal'amus.-Calamus. [Sweet Flag.] The rhizome of Acorns Calamus. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Aroidese). Calamus, powdered, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3.90 Extractum Cal'ami Fluidum, TIL v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 CAL CAL Cal cium.-Calcium. The metal Calcium is not official. Carbonate of Lime. Cal cii Carbo'nas Praecipita'tus, gr. x.-xl. 0.65-2.60 Creta Praepara'ta, gr. x.-xl. 0.65-2.60 Trochis'ci Cretae, 1 = gr. iv. 0.25 Pulvis Cretae Compos'itus,* used in Mist. Cretae. Mistura Cretae,f § ss. 15. Calcii Chlo'ridutn. Pharm. purposes. Calx-Lime. (Burned lime. Quicklime.) Pharm. purposes. Liquor Cal cis.]:-Lime-water, § ss.-iv. 15.-118. Linimentum Calcis § (Carron oil). Syrupus Calcis,|| 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Calcii Phosplias Praecipita'tus, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Syrupus Calcii 3ij.-§ss. 7.50-15. Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus. External use. Calx Sulphura'ta,** (60$ Ca S) gr. 0.006-0.03 * Prepared chalk 30, powdered acacia 20, and sugar 50 parts. + (Pulv. cretse co., 20; aq. cinnam., 40 ; aq. ad 100 parts.) Contains about 3 ss. of chalk in j f " An aqueous saturated solution containing about 0.15$ of hydrate of calcium." § Lime-water and cotton-seed oil, equal parts. (Linseed or olive oil may be used.) || Lime 6, sugar 40, water ad 100 parts. Til xv. about equal J i- °f lime-water. 11 This dose represents gr. iij.-vi. of the lime salt. ** " Commonly misnamed sulphide of calcium." Contains sulphide and sulphate of calcium ; not less than 60$ calcium monosulphide. 17 Gm. Cc. Calcii Bromidum. See Bromum. Calcii Hypophosphis. See Phosphorus. Calx Chlorata. See Chlorum. Calen dula.-Marigold. The fresh florets of Calendula officinalis. An herb (nat. ord. Compositae). Tinctura Calen'dulae (i in 5). External use. Calum'ba.-Columbo. The root of Jateorrhiza palmata. A climbing plant (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Mozam- bique. Calumba, powdered, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Extraction Calumbae Fluidum, nfxv.- 3 ss. 0.90-1.90 Tinctura Calumbie, 3 i.~ § ss. 3-75_I5- Cambo'gia.-Gamboge. A gum-resin obtained from Gar- cinia Hanburii. A tree (nat. ord. Guttiferae). Siam. Cambogia,* gr. ij.-vi. 0.13-0.40 Cam phora.-Camphor. A steareopten derived from Cin- namomum Camphora, and purified by sublimation. A tree (nat. ord. Laurineae). Eastern Asia. Camphora, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Camphora Monobroma'ta, gr. v. 0.33 Aqua Cam'phorae (1 in 125), § ss.-i. 15.-30. Spiritus Camphorae (1 in 10), irfv.- 3 i. 0.30-3.75 Ceratum Camphorae (Camphor liniment, 1 in 10). Linimentum Camphorae (Camphor 1, Cotton-seed oil 4). Linimentum Saponis. See Sapo. Can'nabis In'dica.-Indian Cannabis. [Indian Hemp.] The flowering tops of the female plant of Cannabis sativa (nat. ord. Urticaceae), grown in the East Indies. Extractum Cannabis In'dicae, gr. %-i. 0.016-0.06 Extractum Cannabis Indicae Fluidum, Hl ss.-i. 0.03-0.06 Tinctura Cannabis Indicae (1 in 6.6), 3 ss. 1.90 Can'tharis.-Cantharides. [Spanish Flies.] Cantharis vesi- catoria. A beetle. Southern Europe and Western Asia. CAL CAN * Pilulse Catharticse Compositse U. S. = ext. colocynth. co., gr. ; calomel, gr. i ; cambogia, gr. % ; ext. jalap., gr. 18 Gm. Cc. Cantharis, powdered (seldom used), gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Tinctura Canthar'idis (1 in 20)), TH, i.-v. 0.06-0.30 CAP CAR Ceratum Cantharidis (blistering plaster).* Collo'dium Cantharidatum, about Canth. Emplastrum Picis Cantharidatum (warming plaster), f For Blistering. Cap sicum.-Capsicum. [Cayenne Pepper. Chillies.] The fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. A plant (nat. ord. Solanacese). Africa. Capsicum, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Extractum Cap'sici Fluidum, Tlf ss.-i. 0.03-0.06 Oleoresi'na Capsici, Tip 0.015-0.06 Tinctura Capsici (1 in 20), 3 ss.-i 1.90-3.75 Emplastrum Capsici.]: Car'bo Anima'lis.-Animal Charcoal. [Bone Black.] Charcoal prepared from bone. Carbo Animalis Purifica'tus,§ 3 i.- § ss. or more. 3.90-15. Carbo Ligni.-Charcoal. Charcoal prepared from soft wood. Carbo Ligni, 3 i-- 1 ss. or more. 3.90-15. Carbo'nei Disul'phidum.-Disulphide of Carbon. A clear, colorless liquid, with a strong, characteristic odor. External use. Cardamo mum.-Cardamom. The fruit of Elettaria repens. A plant (nat. ord. Scitamineae). Malabar. Tinctura Cardamo'mi (1 in 10), 3 i. 3-75 Tinctura Cardamomi Composita,|| 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Carum.-Caraway. The fruit of Carum Carvi. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferse). Europe. Carum, powdered, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3 90 Oleum Cari, TH i.-x. 0.06-0.60 * Contains cantharis, i in 3. + Cerate of canth. 8, Burgundy pitch 92 parts. J Four inches square contain gr. iv. of oleoresin of capsicum. § As antidote chiefly. [| Contains cardamom and cinnamon, aa 2 caraway 1 %. 19 Gin. Cc. Caryophyl'lus. - Cloves. The unexpanded flowers of Eugenia aromatica. A small tree (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). East Indies. Caryophyllus, powdered, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Oleum Caryophyl'li, TTl ij.-vi. 0.12-0.36 Cascaril la.-Cascarilla. The bark of Croton Eluteria A shrub (nat. ord. Euphorbiacese). West Indies. Cascarilla, powdered, gr. xx.- 3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Cas sia Fis tula.-[Purging Cassia.] The fruit of Cassia Fistula. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosas). Egypt and India. Cultivated elsewhere. Cassia Fistula, 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Confectio Sennae. See Senna. Casta'nea.-Chestnut. The leaves of Castanea dentata. A tree (nat. ord. Cupuliferse). Indigenous. Extractum Casta'nese Fluidum, 3 i-ij- 3.75-7.50 $ Casto'reum.-Castor. The dried preputial follicles and their secretion, obtained from the Beaver, Castor Fiber. Castoreum, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 $ Tinctura Casto'rei, 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Cat'echu.-Catechu. An extract prepared from the wood of Acacia Catechu. A small tree (nat. ord. Legumi- nosse). East Indies. Catechu, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-195 Trochis'ci Catechu, gr. i. in each. Tinctura Catechu Composita,* 3 ss.-iij. 1.90-11.25 Caulophyl'lum.-Blue Cohosh. The rhizome and rootlets of Caulophyllum thalictroides. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Berberidacese). Ce'ra Al ba.-White Wax. Yellow wax, bleached. Ceratum. See Adeps. Cera Fla'va.-Yellow Wax. A peculiar concrete substance prepared by Apis mellifica (the honey bee). Unguentum. See Adeps. CAR CER * Catechu io, cinnamon 5 parts in 100. 20 CER CHL Gt»i. Cc. Ce'rii Ox alas.-Oxalate of Cerium. A white powder, odorless and tasteless. Cerii Oxalas, • gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Ceta'ceum.-Spermaceti. A peculiar, concrete, fatty sub- stance, obtained from Physeter macrocephalus (the sperm whale). Ceratum Ceta'cei.* Cetra'ria.-Iceland Moss. Cetraria islandica. This lichen is also abundant in New England. Decoctum Cetra'riae (1 in 20), § ss.-ij. or more. 15.-60. Chelido'nium.-Celandine. Chelidonium majus. A plant (nat. ord. Papaveraceae). Europe and this country. Chenopo dium.-[American Wormseed. Jerusalem Oak.] The fruit of Chenopodium ambrosioides, variety anthel- minticum. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Cheno- podiacese). Oleum Chenopo'dii, dose for a child, iq iv.-viij. 0.24-0.50 Chimaph'ila.-Pipsissewa. The leaves of Chimaphila um- bellata. A small evergreen plant (nat. ord. Ericaceae). U. S. and elsewhere. Extractum Chimaph'ilae Fluidum, 3 i. 3.75 Chirata.-Chiretta. The entire plant Swertia Chirata (nat. ord. Gentianeae). Northern India. Chirata, gr. xx. 1.30 Extractum Chira'tse Fluidum, 3 ss. 1.90 Tinctura Chiratae (1 in 10), 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7-50 Chlo ral.-[Chloral Hydrate.] White crystals of a pungent odor and taste. Chloral, gr. xv.-xxv. 1.-1.65 -[Butyl-chloral.] Croton-chloral, gr. v. 0.33 Chlorofor'mum.-Chloroform. A liquid produced by the action of Chlorine upon Alcohol. Is very volatile. (99%). Aqua Chlorofor'mi, 3 i.-iv. 3.70-14.75 * Spermaceti 10, white wax 35, olive oil 55 parts. 21 CHL CIN Gm. Cc. Emulsuin Chlorofor'mi,* § ss.-i. 15.-30. Spiritus Chlorofor'mi (6 %), iq x.- 3 i. 0.60-3.75 Linimentum Chloroformi (C. 3, Soap liniment 7). Chlo'rum.-Chlorine. The gas Chlorine is not official. Aqua Chlo'ri (at least 0.4% Cl.), 3 i.- § ss. 3-75-15 Liquor Sodae Chlora'tae,]- 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Calx Chlora ta, .gr. iij.-vi. 0.20-0.40 Chon'drus.-Irish Moss. [Carragheen.] Chondrus crispus and Gigartina mamillosa. A sea-weed. Coast of Eu- rope and U. S. $ Decoctum Chon'dri ( § ss. in O i ), § ss.-ij. or more. 15.-60. Chrysarobi'num.-Chrysarobin. A yellow crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. Is a neutral principle, commonly misnamed Chrysophanic Acid, extracted from Goa-powder, a substance found deposited in the wood of Andira Araroba. A tree (nat ord. Legumi- nosae). Brazil. Chrysarobinum, gr. x.-xxv. 0.65-1.56 Unguentum Chrysarobi'ni (1 in 10). Cimicifuga.-[Black Snakeroot. Black Cohosh.] The rhiz- ome and rootlets of Cimicifuga racemosa. An indige- nous plant (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). Cimicifuga, powdered, gr. xx.-3 i- 1.30-3.90 Extractum Cimicifugae, gr. iii.-v. 0.2-0.32 Extractum Cimicifugae Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Tinctura Cimicifugae (1 in 5), 3 i.-ij. 3-75~7-5° Cincho na.-Cinchona. [Peruvian Bark.] The bark of any species of Cinchona yielding at least 5 % of total alka- * Chloroform 4, ol. amygdalae exp. 6, and tragacanth 1.5 in 100. f (Labarraque's solution.) Sodii carbonas 15, calx chlorata 7.5 parts in 100. Contains 2.6% of available chlorine, and several chlorine compounds of sodium. f (Chlorinated lime. Bleaching powder.) Contains at least 35% of available chlorine. Is always to be given in solution. 22 CIN CIN Gm. Cc. loids and 2.5% of Quinine. A tree (nat. ord. Rubiacese). South America ; cultivated in Ceylon, India, and else- where. OFFICIAL ALKALOIDS. Quini'na,* Bisul'phas, j: Hydrobro'mas, Hydrochlo'ras, Sulphas,f gr. i.-xxiv. 0.06-1.50 Quini'nse Same dose as the Sulphate. Quinidi'nae Sulphas, Cinchoni'na, Cinchoni'nae Sulphas, Cinchonidi'nas Sulphas, Valeria'nas, gr. i.-ij. 0.065-0.13 Dose about 3 more than that of Quininae Sulphas. OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS. Extractum Cincho'nae, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Extractum Cinchonas Fluidum, v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Tinctura Cinchonas (r in 5), 3 i.-ij. 3-75_7-5° Infusum Cinchonas (1 in 16.6), § ij. 60. * Pleasant methods of exhibiting quinine to children too young to take pills : a. In the form of quinine chocolates, containing 1 gr. tannate of quinine each. Now made by several firms. b. Endermically by oleate of quinine, say 25$ strong. Remember that oleates of alkaloids are not official, and are made by rubbing the alkaloid (not the salt) with oleic acid. c. Hypodermically by carbamate of quinine. d. Per rectum-in solution or suppositories. e. Cinchonine mixture. Contains cinchonine (alkaloid) 12, sugar of milk 60, and sodii bicarb. 1 part. Is a white, practically tasteless powder. The alkali neutralizes any possible acid in the saliva, and the cinchonine is only soluble in an acid. Wash it down with water or milk, and later take an acid drink. + Warburg's tinctura contains quinine sulphate, gr. ixss. in 5 i. t Exactly, this salt contains 13$ less quinine than the sulphate. 23 CIN COC Gm. Cc. THE OFFICIAL VARIETY OF CINCHONA IS : Cinchona Ru'bra.-Red Cinchona. The bark of the trunk of Cinchona succirubra, containing at least 5 $ of its peculiar alkaloids.. Tinctura Cinchonae Compos'ita,* 3i.~5ss< 3.75-15. Cinnamo'mum Cassia.-Cassia Cinnamon. The bark of the shoots of one or more undetermined species of Cinnamomum grown in China. A tree (nat. ord. Laurineee). Cinnamomum, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Aqua Cinnamo'mi (oil of C. 1 in 500), used as a vehicle. Oleum Cinnamomi, HLi.-iii. 0.06-0.18 Spiritus Cinnamomi (oil of C. 1 in 10), HI x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Cinnamo mum Saigon'icum .-Saigon Cinnamon. The bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. A tree (nat. ord. Laurineae). Cinnamomum Saigonicum, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.90 Cinnamomum Zeylan'icum.-Ceylon Cinnamon. The inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. A tree (nat. ord. Laurineae). Tinctura Cinnamomi (C. 1 in 10), 3 i.~ § ss. 3.75-15. Pulvis Aromat'icus,j- gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Extractum Aromaticum x.-xx. 060-1.25 Coca (Erythroxylon, U. S. P., 1880).-The leaves of Ery- throxylon Coca. A shrub (nat. ord. Lineae). South America. Extractum Cocae Fluidum, 3 i.-iv. 3.75-14.80 Cocainae Hydrochloras, gr. |-ii. 0.008-0.12 Coc cus.-Cochineal. The dried female of Coccus cacti. An insect, of Mexico and Central America. Coccus (dose for infant), gr. 0.02 * (Huxham's tincture.) Contains red cinchona io, bitter orange peel 8, serpentaria 2, glycerin 7.5 parts in 100. t Cinnamon 7, ginger 7, cardamom 3, nutmeg 3. J One Cc. represents the strength of one Gm. of aromatic powder. 24 COL CON Gm. Cc. Col'chici Ra dix.-Colchicum Root. [Meadow Saffron Root.] The corm of Colchicum autumnale. A peren- nial bulbous plant (nat. ord. Liliacete). Europe and Northern Africa. Extractum Colchici Radi'cis, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Extractum Colchici Radicis Fluidum, npij.-viij. 0.12-0.50 Vinum Colchici Radicis (1 in 2.5), rip x.- 3 i. 0.60-3.75 Colchici Se'men.-Colchicum Seed. The seed of Colchi- cum autumnale (nat. ord. Liliacese). Extractum Colchici Sem'inis Fl., Tipij.-viij. o.12-0.50 Tinctura Colchici Seminis, Vinum Colchici Seminis, (tin 6.6), 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Collo'dium.-Collodion. A solution of gun-cotton (Py- roxylin) in Ether and Alcohol. Collodium, Collodium Cantharidatum, Collodium Flex'ile,* Collodium Styp'ticum,f External use. Colocyn'this.-Colocyni h. [Bitter Cucumber.] The fruit of Citrullus Colocynthis, deprived of its rind. A plant (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). Turkey, the Grecian Archi- pelago, and various parts of Asia and Africa. Extraction Colocyn'thidis, gr. iij.-v. 0.20-0.30 Extractum Colocynthidis Comp.,]: gr. i.-xx. 0.06-1.30 Pilulae Catharticse Co. See Cambogia. Pilulse Catharticse Vegetabiles,§ i.-v. pills. Coni'um.-Spotted Hemlock. The full-grown fruit of Conium maculatum, gathered while yet green. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferse). Europe; naturalized in the U.S. * Collodion 92, Canada turpentine 5, castor oil 3 parts. + Tannic acid 20, ether 25, alcohol 5, collodion 50 parts. f Ext. colocynth. 16, aloes 50, resin of scammony 14, cardamom 6, soap 14 parts. § Each pill contains : ext. colocynth comp., gr. i. ; ext. hyoscyami and ext. jalapi, aa gr. ss. ; ext. leptandra and resina podophylli, aa gr. ; oil of peppermint, TH, %. 25 CON CRO Gm. Cc. Extractum Conii,* gr. ss.-i. 0.03-0.06 Extractum Conii Fluidum, Hl i.-v. 0.06-0.30 $ Conine (a fluid, volatile alkaloid), ill 0.015-0.045 Convalla'ria.-Lily of the Valley. The rhizome and roots of Convallaria majalis. A plant (nat. ord. Lili- acese). Europe and the southern U. S. Extractum Convallariae Fluidum, Hl iij.-x. 0.20-0.60 Copa iba.-Copaiba. [Balsam of Copaiba.] The oleoresin of Copaifera Langsdorffii, and of other species of C. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosse). Brazil, and neighbor- ing countries. Copaiba, ifl, xx.- 3 i. 1.25-3.75 Oleum Copaibae, Hl x.-xv. 0.60-0.90 Resina Copaibae, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Massa Copaibae,f gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Coriandrum.-Coriander. The fruit of Coriandrum sa- tivum. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Europe. Coriandrum, powdered, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3.90 Oleum Corian'dri, used for flavoring. Creoso'tum.-Creosote. A product of the distillation of wood-tar. It is a colorless, oleaginous liquid, with a smoky odor and caustic, burning taste. Creosotum, Hli.-iij. 0.06-0.18 Aqua Creoso'ti (1 in too), 3 i.-1 ss. 3.75-15. Creta.-Chalk.. See Calcium. Crocus.-Saffron. The stigmas of Crocus sativus. A perennial plant (nat. ord. Irideae). Greece and Asia Minor ; cultivated elsewhere. Crocus (chiefly to color and flavor), gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Tinctura Croci (10$). 3 i.-iij. 3.70-11.10 * Made from the fruit, instead of the leaves as formerly, and is " con- siderably stronger." t Copaiba 94, magnesia 6 parts. Is the Pil. Copaibae of 1870. Each contained gr. 4.8 of copaiba. 26 CUB DUL G;«. Cc. Cube ba.-Cubeb. The unripe fruit of Piper Cubeba. A climbing, perennial plant (nat. ord. Piperaceee). East Indies. Cubeba, powdered, 3 ss.-iij. 1.90-11.65 Extractum Cube'bae Fluidum, fllx.-xl. 060-2.50 Oleum Cubebae, iflxv.-3ss. 0.90-1.90 Oleoresina Cubebse, ifl, x.-xv. 0.60-0.90 Tinctura Cubebae (1 in 5), 3 ii.-vi. 7.50-22.50 Trochis'ci Cubebae, 1 = gr. ss. of the Oleoresin. Cu prum.-Copper. The metal Copper is not official. Cupri Sulphas (Blue Vitriol. Blue Stone), gr. |-v. o. 16-0.33 Cusso.-Kousso (Braye'ra, 1880). The female inflorescence of Hagenia Abyssinica. A tree (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Cusso, powdered, § ss. 15. Extractum Cusso Fluidum, § ss.-i. 15-30 Cypripe dium.-Ladies' Slipper. [Moccasin Plant.] The rhizome and root of Cypripedium pubescens, and of C. parviflorum (nat. ord. Orchideae). Indigenous. Extractum Cypripe'dii Fluidum, Tip xv. 0.90 Digital is.-Foxglove. The leaves of Digitalis purpurea, from plants of the second year's growth (nat. ord. Scrophularineae). Europe, cultured in the U. S. Digitalis, powdered, gr. i. 0.06 Extractum Digitalis, gr. | 0.016 Extractum Digitalis Fluidum, Tfli.-ij. 0.06-0.12 Tinctura Digitalis (1 in 6.6), ifl, x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Infusum Digitalis,* 3 i- § ss. 3.75-15. Digitalin,f gr. 0.0015 Dulcamara.-Bittersweet. The young branches of Solanum Dulcamara. A climbing shrub (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Europe and N. America. Extractum Dulcama'rae Fluidum, - 3 ss.-i. I-9°~3-75 * (Digitalis i in 66.6.) 5 i. = about gr. vij. of D. + Digitalin of commerce is a complex body, of uncertain strength. 27 ELA EUC Gm. Cc. Elas'tica.-India-rubber (Caoutchouc). The prepared milk-juice of various species of Hevea (nat. ord. Euphorbicese). Elateri num.-Elaterin. A neutral principle extracted from Elaterium, a substance deposited by the juice of the fruit of Ecbalium Elaterium (Squirting Cucumber). A plant (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). The south of Eu- rope. Elaterinum,* gr. 0.003-0.004 Tritura'tio Elateri'ni (1 in 10), gr. -ij-| 0.03-0.04 $ Clutterbuck's Elaterium, gr. 0.008 Ergo ta.-Ergot. [Spurred Rye. Secale Cornutum.] The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea (a fungus) replacing the grain of Secale cereale (rye). (Nat. ord. Graminese.) Ergota, powdered, 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Extractum Ergo'tae,f gr. v.- 3 ss. 0.33-1.90 Extraction Ergotae Fluidum, 3 ss.- | ss. 1.90-15. Vinum Ergotae (l in 6.6) 3 ij.- j ij. 7.50-60. Ergotin, Bon jean's,:): gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Eriodic'tyon.-The leaves of Eriodictyon glutinosum (nat. ord. Hydrophyllaceae). Eriodictyon, gr. xv.-3 ss. 1.-2. Extractum Eriodictyi Fluidum, BL xv.- 3 i. 0.90-3.75 Eucalyp tus.-Eucalyptus. The leaves of Eucalyptus glo- bulus, collected from rather old trees (nat. ord. Myrta- ceae). Australia and Tasmania. Extractum Eucalyp'ti Fluidum, iq, v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Oleum Eucalypti, H, x.-xv. 0.60-0.90 Eucalyp'tol,§ TT[v.-3ss. 0.33-1.85 * Elaterinum, when pure, is crystalline. Dose, gr. A, repeated in four hours, if necessary. (AT. F. Med. Journal, vol. xxxvii., No. 19.) + Is five times the strength of the fl. ext. J Is a purified extract; about ten or eleven times the strength of Ergot. § Neutral body obtained from oleum eucalyptol. 28 G»i. Cc. Euon'ymus.-Wahoo. [Spindle-tree. Burning Bush.] The bark of the root of Euonymus atropurpureus. An in- digenous shrub (nat. ord. Celastrineae). Extractum Euon'ymi, gr. i.-iij. 0.06-0.20 Eupatorium.-Thoroughwort. [Boneset. Indian Sage.] The leaves and flowering tops of Eupatorium perfolia- tum. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Compositae). Eupatorium, powdered, gr. xx.-3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Extractum Eupato'rii Fluidum, HL xx.-3 i. 1.25-3.75 Fel Bo vis.-Ox Gall. The fresh gall of Bos Taurus. Fel Bovis Purifica'tum, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Fer'rum.-Iron, Metallic Iron, in the form of fine, bright, and non-elastic wire. Iron is official : EUO FER I. IN THE METALLIC STATE. Ferrum Reduc'turn (Quevenne's Iron, Iron by Hydrogen), gr. iij.-vi. 0.20-0.40 II. OXIDIZED. Antidote to Arsenous Acid Ferri Ox'idum Hydra'tum, freshly made, Ferri Oxidum Hydratum cum Magnesia,* freshly made, . $ Ferrum Dialysa'tum,j- § ss. or more, 15. frequently repeated. Trochis'ci Ferri, Hydrated Oxide, gr. v. in each, 1-6 troches, Emplastrum Ferri, J (Strengthening Plaster). * Preferred by the U. S. Dispensatory and by Wood. + Recommended by Wood: "Seems the best antidote at command." "Exact chem. composition uncertain-it is possible that the iron exists as a basic oxychloride." Dose as a chalybeate, gtt. xx -xl. J Ferric hydrate 9, olive oil 5, Burgundy pitch 14, lead plaster 72 parts in 100. 29 Gm. Cc. HI. IN SALINE COMBINATION. Liquor Ferri Aceta'tis Ferric Acetate), iqij.-x. 0.12-0.60 Tinctura Ferri Acetatis,* HLxx.-3i. 1.25-3.75 Liquor Ferri et Ammo'nii Acetatis,f § ss.-i. 15.-30. Ferri Carbo'nas Sacchara'tus, gr. v.-3 ss. 0.33-1.95 Massa Ferri Carbona'tis, j: gr. iij.-v. 0.20-0.33 Mistura Ferri Composita,§ § i.-ij. 30.-60. Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis (Bland's Pills). Each 5-gr. pill contains Ferri Sulph. gr. iiss. and Potass. Carb. gr. Ferri Chlo'ridum, very rarely used internally. Liquor Ferri Chloridi,|| HL ij.-x. 0.12-0.60 Tinctura Ferri Chloridi,HL x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.90 FER FER Ferri Ci'tras, gr. v. 0.33 Liquor Ferri Citra'tis, tq ij. = gr. i. Vinum Ferri Citratis,** 3 i. 3.75 Ferri et Ammo'nii Citras,ff gr. v. 0.33 Ferri et Quini'nse Citras (12 % Quinine), gr. v. 0.33 Ferri et Quininse Citras Solubilis, gr. iij.-x. 0.20-0.65 Vinum Ferri Ama'rum,|| 3ij-~fss. 7.50-15. Ferri et Strychni'nae Citras (1$ Strych,), gr. iij.-v. 0.20-0.33 * Liq. ferri acet. 5, alcohol 3, acetic ether, 2 parts. + (Basham's mixture.) Tinct. ferri chlor. 2, ac. acetic, dil. 3, liq. ammon. acet. 20, elixir aromat., syrup, and water ad 100 parts. J (Vallet's mass.) Contains nearly half its weight of ferrous carbonate, with sugar and honey. § (Griffith's mixture.) ? *• contains about gr. 9 of myrrh, gr. 3 sul- phate of iron, and gr. 4 carbonate of potass. ; with sugar, spt. of lavender, and rose water. || 37.8 % ferri chloridum. T Liq. ferri chloridi, 25 in 100. ** (Contains ferri et ammonii citras, 4%.) 3 i. = about gr. 2% of the iron salt. +t Give in solution rather than pills, as the ammonia makes pills too soft. (Contains ferri et quininse citras solubilis, 5 %.) 3 i. = about gr. 2% of the iron salt, and about gr. of quinine. 30 FIC FOE Gm. Cc. Ferri et Ammonii Tar'tras, Ferri et Potassii Tartras, gr> x 0.65-! .95 Ferri Hypophos'phis, Syrupus Hypophosphi'tum cum Ferro, Ferri lod'idum Sacchara'tum, gr. ij.-v. 0.13-0.33 Pilulae Ferri lod'idi,* 1-3 pills. Syrupus Ferri Iodidi,f TT[ xv.-3 ss. 0.90-1.90 Ferri Lactas, gr. i.-v, 0.06-0.33 Liquor Ferri Nitra'tis(6$ Ferri Nitr.), ifl, v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Ferri Phosphas Solubilis, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Syrupus Ferri Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. 3i. 3-75 Ferri Pyrophos'phas Solubilis, gr. ij.-v. 0.13-0.33 Ferri et Ammonii Sulphas (Iron Alum), gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 see Phosphorus> Ferri Sulphas, § Ferri Sulphas Granulatus, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus, gr. iij. = gr. v. of Ferri Sulph. Liquor Ferri Subsulpha'tis,|| Til iij.-vi. 0.18-0.36 Liquor Ferri Ferri Valeria'nas, gr. i. 0.06 Ficus.-Fig. The fleshy receptacle of Ficus Carica (a tree, nat. ord. Urticacese), bearing fruit upon its inner surface. The Levant ; cultivated in the south of Europe and elsewhere. Is an ingredient of Confectio Sennae. Fcenic'ulum.-Fennel The fruit of Fceniculum capil- * (Blancard's pills.) Each contains about gr. i. of iodide of iron, and gr. 0.2 of reduced iron. + 10% ferrous iodide. $ 3 i. contains about gr. i. of soluble ferric phosphate, gr. ii. of quinine sulph., gr. iii. of phosphoric ac., and gr. A of strychnine. § (Green vitriol.) The impure sulphate is called copperas. || (Monsel's solution.) Contains 43.7% basic ferric sulphate (= 13.6 % of iron). T Contains 28.7$ normal ferric sulphate. Is used in making ferri oxi- dum hydratum. 31 Gm. Cc. laceum. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferae). Europe and Asia ; cultivated in the U. S. Foeniculum, powdered, gr. xx.-3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Aqua Foenic'uli (oil 1 in 500), used as a vehicle. Oleum Foeniculi, Tfl v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Fran'gula.-Buckthorn. The bark of Rhamnus Frangula, collected at least one year before being used. A shrub (nat. ord. Rhamneae). Europe and Russian Asia. Extractum Fran'gulae Fluidum, iq x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Gal la.-Nutgall [Galls.] Excrescences on Quercus lusi- tanica, var. infectoria (the dyer's oak, nat. ord. Cupu- liferae) ; a small tree or shrub of Asia Minor chiefly), caused by the punctures and deposited ova of Cynips Gallse tinctoriae (an insect). Tinctura Gallae (1 in 5), 3 i.-iij. 3.75-11.25 Unguentum Gallae (1 in 10). Gelsem'ium.-Yellow Jasmine. The rhizome and rootlets of Gelsemium sempervirens. A climbing plant (nat. ord. Loganiaceae). The Southern United States. Extractum Gelsem'ii Fluidum, Tq, ij.-iij. 0.12-0.18 Tinctura Gelsemii (1 in 6.66), Tfl x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Gentia'na.-Gentian. The root of Gentiana lutea. A plant (nat. ord. Gentianeae). Mountainous regions of Europe. Extractum Gentia'nae, gr. ij.-x. 0.13-0.65 Extractum Gentianae Fluidum, iq, x.-3 ss. 0.60-1.90 Tinctura Gentianae Composita,* 3 i.-ij. 3-75~7-5° Gera nium.-Cranesbill. The rhizome of Geranium macu- latum. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Geraniceae). Geranium, powdered, gr. xx.-3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Extractum Gera'nii Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Glonoi'num.-Glonoin, Nitroglycerin. A clear, oily, explosive liquid produced by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids upon glycerin. Official only in a I $ alcoholic solution. FRA GLO * Gentian to, bitter orange peel 4, cardamom 1 part in too. 32 Cc. Spiritus Glenoi'ni (1 $), TT[ ss.-iii. 0.03-0 18 Glyceri num.-Glycerin. A liquid obtained by the decom- position of fats and fixed oils, and containing not less than 95 % of abs. glycerin. Is colorless, inodorous, and of a sweet taste. Glycerinum, nt x.-3 i. or more 0.60-3.75 Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici. See Acid. Carbolic. Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. See Acid. Tannicum. Glyceritum Amyli. See Amylum. Glyceritum Boroglycerini. See Acid. Boric. Glyceritum Hydrastis. See Hydrastis. Glyceritum Vitelli. See Vitellus. Suppositoria Glycerini ( 3 iss. in each). Glycyrrhi za.-Liquorice. The root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. A plant (nat. ord. Leguminosae). The south of Europe, Barbary, Syria, and Persia. Glycyrrhiza, powdered, as excipient for pills. GLY GOS Extractum Glycyrrhi'zae, Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum, Extractum Glycyrrhizae Fluidum, for flavoring. Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. See Opium. Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus. See Senna. Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita,* § ss. 15. Glycyrrhizi'num Ammonia'tum, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-0.90 Gossyp ii Radicis Cortex.-The bark of the root of Gossyp- ium herbaceum. See Gossypium Purificatum. Extractum Gossypii Radicis Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Gossyp ium Purificatum.-[Purified Cotton, Absorbent C.] The hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum, and of other species of G., freed from adhering impurities, and deprived of fatty matter. A plant (nat. ord. Mal- vaceae). Asia ; cultivated in the southern U. S. and elsewhere. * (Brown mixture) = Ext. glycyrr. pur., acacia, sugar, spt. setheris nitr., aa 3 ; tinct. opii camph., 12 ; vin. antimonii, 6 ; aqua ad 100 parts. 33 GRA HAM Gm. Cc. Pyroxyli'num (Gun Cotton).* Used in making Collodium. Oleum Gossyp'ii Sem'inis.f Pharm use. Grana'tum.-Pomegranate. The bark of the root of Punica Granatum. A small tree (nat. ord. Lythrarieae). Shores of the Mediterranean, Persia, China, Japan, and elsewhere. Decoctum Grana'ti (§ i. : O i.), § i. 30. Grindelia.-Grindelia. The leaves and flowering tops of Grindelia robusta, and of Grindelia squarrosa. A plant (nat. ord. Composite). N. and S. America. Extractum Grindelise Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Gua'iaci Lignum.-Guaiacum Wood. The heart-wood of Guaiacum officinale, and of G. sanctum (nat. ord. Zygophylleae). Trees, of West Indies. Little used ; may be given in decoction. Gua'iaci Resi na.-Guaiac. The resin of the wood of G. officinale. (See Guaiaci Lignum.) Guaiaci Resi'na, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Tinctura Guaici (1 in 5), Tinctura Guaici Ammonia'ta,J . .. An ingredient of Pil. Antimonii Compos. Guarana.-Guarana. A dried paste prepared from the crushed or ground seeds of Paullinia sorbilis. A woody climber (nat. ord. Sapindaceae). Brazil. Guarana, 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Extractum Guara'nae Fluidum, 3 i -ij 3-75-7-50 Hsematox ylon.-Logwood. The heart-wood of Haema- toxylon campechianum. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Campeachy, aud elsewhere in tropical America. Extractum Haematox'yli, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Hamame'lis.-Witchhazel. The fresh leaves of Hama- melis virginiana collected in autumn. An indigenous shrub (nat. ord. Hamamelaceae). * Cotton treated with nitric and sulphuric acids. + Expressed from cotton-seed. + Guaiac i, spiritus ammoniae aromat. 4 parts. 34 TIED II YD Gm. Cc. Extractum Hamamel'idis Fluidum, 3 ss. 1.90 Hedeo'ma.-Pennyroyal. The leaves and tops of Hede- onia pulegioides. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Labiatse). Oleum Hedeo'mae, ilf ij.-x. 0.12-0.60 Hu'mulus.-Hops.* The strobiles of Humulus lupulus. A climbing plant (nat. ord. Urticaceae). Europe and N. America. Tinctura Hu'muli (1 in 5), 3 i.-iij. 3.75-11.25 Lupuli'num. The glandular powder separated from Hops. Extractum Lupuli ni Fluidum, iq x.-xv. 0.60-0.90 Oleoresi'na Lupulini, gr. ij.-v. 0.13-0.33 Hydrar gyrum.-Mercury.f [Quicksilver.] A shining, silver-white metal, liquid at temperatures above - 40° F, Mercury is official: I. IN THE METALLIC STATE. Massa Hydrar'gyri (Blue Mass),]: gr. i.-xv. 0.06-1. Hydrargyrum cum Creta,§ gr. v.-3 ss. 0.33-1.95 Unguentum Hydrargyri (Blue Ointment), Mercury 5 in 10 Emplastrum Hydrargyri, Mercury 3 in 10 Emplastrum Ammoni'aci cum Hydrargyro. || II. OXIDIZED. Hydrargyri Ox'idum Flavum (Yellow Precipitate), to make Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi, 1 in 10 Oleatum 2 in 10 * Wood recommends much larger doses of hops and lupulin than those given in the text. f The corrosive chloride and the cyanide are, practically, the only soluble official preparations of mercury. f Mercury honey of rose %, maishmallow, licorice, and glycerin § (Gray powder.) Mercury 38, prepared chalk 57, clarified honey 10 parts. Gr. viij. contain about gr. iij. of mercury. || About 5 mercury and f ammoniac. T Yellow oxide 2, oleic acid 8 parts. 35 G»i. Cc. Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum (Red Precipitate), to make Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, i in io III. AS MERCUROUS CHLORIDE. Hydrargyri Chlo'ridum Mite (Calomel), gr. ss.-xv. 0.03-1. Pilulre Antimonii Comp. See Antimonium. Pilulae Catharticse Comp. See Cambogia, $ Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra. (Black Wash).* IV. AS MERCURIC CHLORIDE. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosi'vum,f gr. 0.005-0.007 $ Lotio Hydrargyri Flava (Yellow Wash).| Hydrargyrum Ammonia'tum (White Precipitate), to make Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati, 1 in 10 V. COMBINED WITH IODINE. Hydrargyri lo'didum Rubrum, gr. 0.004-0.016 Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi. See Arsenum. Hydrargyri lodidum Flavum,§ gr. %-i, 0.016-0.06 VI. COMBINED WITH CYANOGEN. Hydrargyri Cyan'idum, gr. xk-% 0.004-0.008 VII. OXIDIZED AND COMBINED WITH ACIDS. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitra'tis, || Caustic. Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (Citrine HYD 11 YD * [Calomel 3 i., lime-water O i.] Black oxide of mercury is formed. + Corrosive sublimate. Bichloride of mercury. 4 [Corrosive sublimate 3 ss., lime-water O i.] Yellow oxide of mercury is formed. § Should not be given in combination with potass, iodidum, as the biniodide and metallic mercury result. || Red oxide of mercury 40, nitric ac. 45, water 15 parts. The solution contains about 60 % of mercuric nitrate, with 11 % free nitric acid. •[ Mercury 7, nitric ac. 17, lard oil 76 parts. 36 HYD INU Gm. Cc. Hydrargyri Subsul'phas Flavus,* gr. ij.-v. 0.13-0.33 Hydras tis.-Golden Seal. [Yellow Root. Indian Dye.] The rhizome and rootlets of Hydrastis canadensis. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). Extractum Hydrastis Fluidum, 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Tinctura Hydrastis (1 in 5), 3 ss -i. 1.90-3.75 Glyceritum Hydrastis (100$). Hydrastininse Hydrochloras. Hydrogenii Dioxidum or Peroxidum.-A Gas. Official in a 3 % solution as Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi. See Barii Dioxidum, also unofficial List. Hyoscy amus.-Henbane. The leaves and flowering tops of Hyoscyamus niger (nat. ord. Solanaces), from plants of the second year's growth. Europe and the U. S. Hyoscyamus, powdered, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Extractum Hyoscyami, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Extractum Hyoscyami Fluidum, iq, v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Tinctura Hyoscyami (1 in 6.66), 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Piluls Cathartics Vegetabiles (see Colocynth). Hyosci'ns Hydrobromas, gr-0.0004-0.0006 Hyoscyami'ns Hydrobromas, gr. 0.001 Hyoscyami'ns Sulphas,f gr. 0.001 Ichthyocol la.-Isinglass. [Fish-glue.] The swimming bladder of Acipenser Huso and of other species of A. Sturgeons. Russia chiefly. Ichthyocolla, ad libitum, as a food. Emplastrum Ichthyocol'ls. Court Plaster. Illicium.-Star-Anise. The fruit of Illicium verum. A small evergreen tree (nat. ord. Magnoliaces). Chinaand Japan. See Oil of Anise. In'ula.-Elecampane. The root of Inula Helenium. A plant (nat. ord. Composits). Europe and the U. S. * (Turpeth mineral.) As emetic. + Should be crystalline. The amorphous hyoscyamine (hyoscine) salt is less reliable. 37 IOD IOD Gm. Cc. Inula, powdered, gr. xx.-3i. 1.30-3.90 lodofor'mum.- Iodoform. A lemon-yellow, crystalline powder, with a saffron-like, penetrating odor, and iodine-like taste. lodoformum,* gr. i.-iij. 0.06-0.20 Unguentum lodofor'mi, 1 in 10. lodum.-Iodine. A solid, bluish-black, non-metallic ele- ment, obtained principally from the ashes of sea-weeds. lodum, not given internally in solid form. Unguentum lo'di.f Ammo'nii gr. iij.-v. 0.20-0.33 Potas'sii lodidum, g. ij.-x., or more. 0.13-0.65 Unguentum Potassii lodidi.g So'dii lodidum, gr. v.-xx., or more. 0.33-1.30 Zinci lodidum, gr. ss.-ij. 0.03-0.13 Argen'ti lodidum. See Argentum. Arse'ni lodidum. See Arsenum. Plumbi lodidum. See Plumbum. Strontii lodidum. See Strontium. Sul'phuris lodidum. See Sulphur. Liquor lodi Compos'itus, || U v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Tinctura lodi (7 Hl iij.-x. 0.18-0.60 'Z' Churchill's Tincture,** external use. Syrupus Ac'idi Hydriod'ici.ff nixx.-xl. 1.25-2.50 * Is 29 parts iodine in 30. The volatile oils probably best disguise the odor of iodoform. + lodum 4, potass, iodidum 1 part in 100. t The iodides of ammonium, potassium, sodium, and zinc are deliques- cent ; potass, iodidum but slightly so. § Contains 12 parts potass, iodidum in 100. || (Lugol's solution.), lodum 5, potass, iodidum 10 parts in 100. TTf xx. = about gr. i. of iodine. 5 ill xv. = about gr. i. of iodine. Chiefly used externally. When the fresh tincture is diluted with water, the iodine is precipitated. ** Potass, iodidum, 3 i. ; iodum, 3 v. ; aqua, ? *• i spts. vin. rectif., 5 iij. +f Contains 1 % of absolute hydriodic acid. 38 Gm. Cc. Ipecacuan ha.-Ipecac. The root of Cephaelis Ipecacu- anha. A small, shrubby plant (nat. ord. Rubiaceae.) Brazil Ipecacuanha, powdered, gr. |- 3 ss. 0.016-1.95 Extractum Ipecacuan'hae Fluidum, 3 ss. 0.015-1.90 Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii,* gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Trochis'ci Ipecacuanhas, 1 = gr. J. Trochisci Morphi'nse et Ipecacuanhas,! 1 = Ip. gr. Tinctura Ipecacuanhas et Opii,J ilLv.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Syrupus Ipecacuanhas (Fl. Ex. 5 in 100), Hix.- ss. 0.60-15. Vinum Ipecacuanhas (Fl. Ext. 1 in 10), dose about that of the syrup. I ris.-Blue Flag. The rhizome and roots of Iris versicolor (nat. ord. Irideas). An indigenous species of flag. Iris, powdered, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.60 Extractum Ir'idis, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Extractum Iridis Fluidum, irfv.-x. 0.30-0.60 Jala pa.-Jalap. The tuberous root of Ipomoea Jalapa. A plant (nat. ord. Convolvulaceae). Mexico. Jalapa, powdered, gr. xv - 3 ss. 1. -1.95 Extractum Jalapae, gr. ii.-v. 0.12-0.32 Resina Jalapae, gr. ij.-v. 0.13 0.33 Pulvis Jalapae Compositus,§ 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Pil. Catharticae Comp. See Cambogia. Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabiles. See Colocynth. Ju'glans.-Butternut. The inner bark of the root of Juglans cinerea, collected in autumn. An indigenous tree (nat. ord. Juglandaceae). Extractum Juglan'dis, gr. v.-x 0.33-0.65 Kama'la.-Kamala. [Rottlera.] The glands and hairs from the capsules of Mallotus philippinensis. A small I PE KAM * (Dover's powder.) Ipecac i, opium i, sugar of milk 8 parts. + I = ipecac gr T's, morph, sulph. gr. J i. = gr. i. of Dover's powder. § About % jalapa and % potass, bitartras. 39 KIN LIM Gm. Cc. tree (nat. ord. Euphorbicese). Abyssinia, East Indies, ■ China, Australia, and elsewhere. Kamala, suspended in syrup or mucilage, 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Ki no.-Kino. The inspissated juice of Pterocarpus Marsu- pium. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosse). East Indies. Kino, powdered, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Tinctura Kino (1 in 10), 3 i-~ij- 3-75~7-5o Krameria.-Rhatany. The root of Krameria triandra, and of K. Ixina. Shrubs (nat. ord. Polygalere). Peru. Krameira, powder, gr. xx.-3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Trochisci Krame'rise, 1 = gr. i. 0.06 Extractum Kramerise, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Extractum Kramerise Fluidum, n[x.-3 i. 0.60-3.75 Syrupus Kramerise (Fl. Ext. about 3 i.-iij. 3.75-11.25 Tinctura Kramerise (1 in 5), 3 i.- 5 ss. 3.75-15. Lactuca'rium.-Lactucarium. [Lettuce-opium.] The concrete milk-juice of Lactuca viro-a. A plant (nat. ord. Compositse). Europe. Lactucarium, powdered, gr. v.-xx. 0.33-1.30 Tinctura Lactucarii, nix.-3 i. 0.62-3.70 Syrupus Lactucarii (Tincture 1 in 10), 3 ij.-iij. 7.50-11.25 Lap pa.-Burdock. The root of Arctium Lappa. A plant (nat. ord. Compositse). Europe. Naturalized in the U. S. Extractum Lappae Fluidum, nixv.-3 i. 0.92-3.70 Leptandra.-Leptandra. [Culver's Root.] The rhizome and rootlets of Veronica virginica. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Scrophularineae). Leptandra, powdered, gr. x.- 3 i 0.65-3.90 Extractum Leptan'drse, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Extractum Leptandrse Fluidum, nix.-3 i. 0.60-3.75 Pilulse Catharticse Vegetabiles. See Colocynth. Limo'nis Cortex.-Lemon Peel The rind of the recent fruit of Citrus Limonum. A tree (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Asia. Cultivated in most tropical countries. 40 LIM MAG Oleum Limonis, Spiritus Limonis.* Gm. Cc. For flavoring. Syrupus Acidi Citrici. See Citric Acid. Limonis Succus.-Lemon Juice. The freshly expressed juice of the ripe fruit of Citrus Limonum. Li'nutn.-Flaxseed [Linseed.] The seed of Linum usitatis- simum (common flax) (nat. ord. Linese). Oleum Lini,f § i. 30. Lith ium.--Lithium. J The metal Lithium is not official. Lith'ii Ben'zoas, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Lithii Car'bonas, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Lithii Ci'tras, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Lithii Citras Effervescens, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Lithii Salicy'Ias, gr. xx.-xl. 1.30-2.60 Lithii Bromi'dum. See Bromum. Lobe'lia.-Lobelia [Indian Tobacco]. The leavesand tops of Lobelia inflata, collected after a portion of the capsules have become inflated. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Lobeliaceee). Extractum Lobe'liae Fluidum, Uli.-v. 0.06-0.30 Tinctura Lobelite (1 in 5), Tflxv.- 3 i. i-~3-75 Lycopo dium.-Lycopodium. The sporules of Lycopodium clavatum (club-moss), and of other species of L. A plant (nat. ord. Lycopodiaceae). Europe and indigenous. Lycopodium. External application, and pharm use. Ma' cis.-Mace. The arillus of the fruit of Myristica fragrans (nat. ord. Myristicaceae). See Myristica. Macis, powdered, gr. v.-xx. 0.33-1.30 Magne'sium.-Magnesium. The metal Magnesium is not official. * (Essence of lemon.) Oil 5, grated peel 5 in 100. + May be used in making linimentum calcis. t The citrate, bromide, and salicylate are deliquescent. All the official lithium salts are soluble in water ; the carbonate sparingly so. 41 MAN MAT Magnesia (light M.),* Magnesia Pondero sa (heavy M.), Gm. Cc. Magne'sii Carbo'nas, 3 ss.-J ss. 1.95-15. Magnesii Citras Effervescens, j- 3 i.-| ss. 3.90-15. Liquor Magnesii Citra'tis, J § ij.-xij. 60.-375. Magnesii Sulphas (Epsom Salt), § ss.-i. 15.-30. Man'ganum.-Manganese. The metal Manganum is not official. Man'gani Dioxidum, gr. iij.-xx. 0.20-1.30 Mangani Sulphas, gr. iij.-xx. 0.20-1.30 Potassii Perman'ganas, gr. ss.-ij. 0.03-0.13 Liquor Potassii Permangana'tis.§ External use. Man na.-Manna. The concrete, saccharine exudation of Fraxinus Ornus. A tree (nat. ord. Oleacese). Sicily, Calabria, and Apulia. Manna, § ss.-ij. 15.-60. Is an ingredient of Infus. Sennas Comp. Marru bium.-Horehound. The leaves and tops of Marru- bium vulgare. An herb (nat. ord. Labiatae). Europe; naturalized in the U. S. Marrubium, powdered, 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Mas'tiche.-Mastic. A concrete resinous exudation from Pistacia Lentiscus. A shrub, or small tree (nat. ord. Anacardieae). Countries bordering the Mediterranean, Pil. Aloes et Mastiches. See Aloe. Mat'ico.-Matico. The leaves of Piper angustifolium. A shrub (nat. ord. Piperacese). Peru. Matico, powdered, 3 ss.-ij. 1.95-7.80 Extractum Matico Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 3ss.-iij. 1.95-12. * Light and heavy magnesia (both MgO) are obtained by calcining, respectively, the light and heavy carbonate. Dose, about J less than that of the carbonate. f Is deliquescent; on solution, effervesces. t Contains 200 grains of magn. carb, in the ' x'j- bottle. § " Condy's fluid " = gr. Ixiv. in O i. 42 MAT MEN Gm. Cc. Tinctura Matico (1 in 10), 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Matrica ria.-German Chamomile. The flower-heads of ' Matricaria Chamomilla. A plant (nat. ord. Composite). Europe. Matricaria. Same dose and same uses as Anthemis. Mel.-Honey. A saccharine secretion deposited in the honey-comb by Apis mellifica (the hive bee). Mel Despuma'tum (clarified honey), Mel Rosae. Melis sa.-Balm. The leaves and tops of Melissa offici- nalis. A plant (nat. ord. Labiatae). Southern Europe ; naturalized in the U. S. Menisper'mum.-Canadian Moonseed. The rhizome and rootlets of Menispermum canadense. A woody, climb- ing plant (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Indigenous. Extractum Menispermi Fluidum, TH, v.- 3 ss. 0.31-1.85 Men'tha Piperi'ta.-Peppermint. The leaves and tops of Mentha piperita. A plant (nat. ord. Labiate). Great Britain. Naturalized on the continent of Europe and in the U. S. Oleum, Men'thae Piperi'tae, H, ij.-vi. 0.12-0.36 Menthol * (peppermint camphor). External use. Aqua Menthas Piperite (oil, 1 in 500). As a vehicle. Spiritus Menthae Piperite,f ifl x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.90 Trochis'ci Menthae Piperite, 1 = oil TH, ■%-$. Men'tha Viridis.-Spearmint. The leaves and tops of Mentha viridis (nat. ord. Labiate). Habitat, that of Peppermint. Oleum Men'thae Viridis, HL ij.-vi. 0.12-0.36 Aqua Menthae Viridis (oil, 1 in 500). As a vehicle. Spiritus Menthae Viridis, | Hf x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.90 As vehicles. * Small capillary crystals deposited from the oil at 8° below zero. + (Essence of peppermint.) Oil, i in io. | (Essence of spearmint.) Oil, i in io. 43 MET NAP (7wz. Cc. Me'thyl Salic ylas.-Methyl Salicylate. Artificial (syn- thetic) oil of Wintergreen. Identical with Oleum Betulae Volatile. Methyl Salicylas, H[ i.-v. 0.06-0.31 Meze'reum.-Mezereum.* The bark of Daphne Mezereum and of other species of D. A shrub (nat. ord, Thyme- laeaceae). Northern Europe, especially Great Britain. Extractum Mezerei Fluidum, HL v.-xv. 0.31-0.92 Moschus.-Musk. The dried secretion from the preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus [the musk deer]. Central Asia. Moschus, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Tinctura Mos'chi (1 in 20), 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 Myristica.-Nutmeg. The kernel of the seed of Myristica fragrans, deprived of its testa. A tree (nat. ord. Myristicaceae). Molucca Islands. Cultivated in East and West Indies. Myristica, powdered, gr. v.-xx. 0.33-1.30 Oleum Myris'ticse, TT[ ij.-v. 0.12-0.30 Spiritus Myristicse,]- 3 i. 3-75 Myrrha.-Myrrh. A gum resin obtained from Commiphora Myrrha. A small tree (nat. ord. Burseraceae). Arabia Felix. Myrrha, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Tinctura Myr'rhae (1 in 5), Hl xv.- 3 ss. 0.90-1.90 See Aloes. See Iron (Griffith's pill and mixture). Naphthali'num.-Naphtalin (C1oH8). A hydrocarbon ob- tained from coal-tar. Colorless, strong odor and taste. Naphthalinum, gr. ii.-x. 0.12-0.65 Naph'tol.-Beta Naphtol(C10H7OH). A phenol occurring in coal-tar, but usually made artificially from Naphtalin. * Is an ingredient of the comp. fl. ext. and comp, decoct, of sarsa- parilla. + (Essence of nutmeg.) Oil, 5 in 100. 44 'Gm. Cc. Colorless shining crystals, faint phenol-like odor and burning taste. Naphtol, gr. ii.-xv. o. 12-1. Nux Vom ica.-Nux Vomica. [Poison Nut. Quaker But- tons.] The seed of Strychnos Nux Vomica. A tree nat. ord. Loganiaceae). East Indies. Extractum Nucis Vomicae,* gr. ss.-i. 0.03-0.06 Extraction Nucis Vomicae Fluidum,f Hl iij.-v. 0.18-0.30 Tinctura Nucis Vomicae,]: TH, xv.-xxv. 0.90-1.50 NUX OLE Strychni'na,§ Strychninae Sulphas, O'leum TEthe'reum.-Ethereal Oil. A volatile liquid composed of equal volumes of Heavy Oil of Wine and Ether. Used in Spiritus Hitheris Compositus. O'leum Bergamot'tae.-Oil of Bergamot. A volatile oil expressed from the rind of the fresh fruit of Citrus Ber- gamia. A tree (nat. ord. Rutaceae). Southern Europe. O'leum Bet'ulae Vola tile.-Volatile oil of Betula (oil of Sweet Birch). A volatile oil distilled from the bark of Betula lenta (nat. ord. Betulacese). Identical with Methyl Salicylas and nearly identical with oil of Gaul- theria. Oleum Betula Volatile, Rl i.-v. 0.06-0.31 O leum Cadi num.-Oil of CADE(Oleum-Juniperi Empyreu- maticum). A product of the dry distillation of the wood of Juniperus Oxycedrus (nat. ord. Coniferae). Europe and Siberia. Oleum Cadi'num. gr. 0.003 * 15% total alkaloids U. S. P., 1890. Dose, gr. (Wood). t 1. = 1.5% total alkaloids U. S. P., 1890. Dose, TIL ii.-iii. (Wood.) t 1 part of extract in 50 ; 0.3 % alkaloids. § Strychnine, an alkaloid prepared chiefly from nux v., or ignatia. " The bean of St. Ignatius yields strychnine more easily and more largely than nux vomica." 45 Gm. Cc. O'leutn Cajupu'ti.-Oil of Cajuput. A volatile oil dis- tilled from the leaves of Melaleuca Leucadendron. A small tree (nat. ord. Myrtaceae). Molucca Islands. Oleum Cajuputi, TH v.-xx. 0.30-1.25 Oleum Erigeron'tis.-Oil of Erigeron. [Oil of Fleabane.] A volatile oil distilled from the fresh, flowering herb of Erigeron canadense (nat. ord. Compositae.) Indigenous. Oleum Erigerontis, Hl x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.80 Oleum Gaulthe'riae.-Oil of Wintergreen. A volatile oil distilled from Gaultheria procumbens-a small in- digenous evergreen plant (nat. ord. Ericaceae). It consists mainly of Methyl Salicylate and is nearly identical with volatile oil of Betula. Oleum Gaultheriae, TH v.-xx. 0.30-1.25 Spiritus Gaultheriae,* TH x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Oleum Junip'eri.-Oil of Juniper. A volatile oil distilled from the fruit of Juniperus communis-an evergreen shrub (nat. ord. Coniferae). Europe. Naturalized in some parts of the U. S. Oleum Junip'eri, 1H v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Spiritus Junip'eri (5 in 100), 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Spiritus Juniperi Compositus,f 3 m-1 ss. 7-50-15. Oleum Lavan'dulae Florum.-Oil of Lavender Flowers. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of Lavan- dula officinalis. A small shrub (nat. ord. Labiatae). Southern Europe. Oleum Lavan'dulae Florum, iff i.-v. 0.06-0.30 Spiritus Lavandulae (5 in 100), 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Tinctura Lavandulae Composita.J 3 ss.-i. I 90-3.75 Oleum Mor'rhuae.-Cod-liver Oil. [Ol. Jecoris Aselli.] OLE OLE * (5 in 100.) Used chiefly for flavoring. f Oil of juniper 8, oil of caraway and fennel aa i., alcohol 1400, water ad 2000 parts. Corresponds very closely with Holland gin. J Contains oil of lavender, oil of rosemary with cinnamon, cloves, nut- meg, and red saunders. 46 Gm. Cc. A fixed oil obtained from the fresh livers of Gadtts Morrhua (Common Codfish), or of other species of G. Northern Atlantic. Oleum Morrhuae, § ss. 15. Oleum Myr'ciae.-Oil of Bay. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Myrcia acris (Bayberry tree, nat. ord. Myrtaceae). West Indies. Oleum Myrciae. Used in making the Spirit. Spiritus Myrciae (Bay-rum).* External use. Oleum Oli vae.-Olive Oil. [Sweet Oil.] A fixed oil ex- pressed from the ripe fruit of Olea europaea. A tree (nat. ord. Oleaceae.) Countries bordering the Mediter- ranean. Oleum Olivae, § i.-ij. 30.-60. Oleum Rici'ni.-Castor Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Ricinus communis. A tree (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). East Indies and northern Africa ; naturalized in the W. Indies ; cultivated in the U. S. and elsewhere. In temperate latitudes is an annual plant. Oleum Ricini,f § ss. 15. Oleum Rosmari'ni.-Oil of Rosemary. A volatile oil distilled from the leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis. An evergreen shrub (nat. ord. Labiatae). Oleum Rosmarini, TR iii.-vi. 0.18-0.36 Oleum San'tali.-Oil of Santal. [Oil of Sandal Wood.] A volatile oil distilled from the wood of Santalum album (white saunders.) A tree (nat. ord. Santalaceae). E. Indies, South Pacific Islands, and S. America. Oleum Santali, TR xx.- 3 ss. 1.25-1.90 Oleum Ses'ami.-Oil of Sesamum. [Benne Oil.] A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Sesamum indicum. OLE OLE * Contains oil of myrcia, orange-peel, and pimenta. + "Differs from other fixed oils in being soluble in all proportions in cold abs. alcohol." 47 Gwz. Cc. A plant (nat. ord. Pedaliaceae). East Indies ; cultiva- ted in the Southern U. S. and elsewhere. Oleum Sesami.* Oleum Theobro'matis.-Oil of Theobroma. [Butter of Cacao.] A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Theo- broma Cacao. A tree (nat. ord. Sterculiaceae). Mexico, W. I., and South America. Used in Suppositories. Oleum Thy'mi.-Oil of Thyme. A volatile oil distilled from Thymus vulgaris. A plant (nat. ord. Labiatae). The south of France ; cultivated elsewhere in Europe, and in the U. S. Oleum Thymi, TT[ ij.-x. 0.12-0.60 Thymol, f External use. Oleum Tig lii .-Croton Oil. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of Croton Tiglium. A small tree or shrub (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). East Indies. Oleum Tiglii, Blss.-ij. 0.03-0.12 O pium.-Opium.[ The concrete, milky exudation obtained in Asia Minor by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver OLE OPI * " Bears some resemblance to ol. olivae in its properties, and may be used for similar purposes." + Obtained from oil of thyme and of some other plants. Occurs either in crystals or as a liquid. $ The dose of opium and the strength of its various preparations being given, the doses of the latter will be evident. Special law, passed June 21, 1887, to regulate the sale of Opium and Morphine in the State of New York. Chapter 636. "Section i.-From and after the passage of this act no pharmacist, druggist, apothecary, or other person shall refill more than once prescrip- tions containing opium or morphine, or preparations of either, in which the dose of opium shall exceed one fourth grain, or morphine one twentieth grain, except with the verbal or written order of a physician. "Section 2.-Any person violating the provisions of Section 1 of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction thereof be fined not less than $10, nor more than $25, in the discretion of the court, for each and every such offense." 48 OPI OPI Gm. Cc. somniferum (the poppy, nat. ord. Papaveracese). Is produced chiefly in Asia Minor, Turkey, Persia, and India; also, to a slight extent, in Europe and the United States. Opium, in its normal moist condition, should yield not less than 9 % of morphine. O'pii Pulvis (Powdered Opium),* Opium Deodora'tum,f , dose, gr. ss.-11. 0.03-0.13 Pilulae Opii, 1 = gr. i. 0.06 Extractum Opii, 18 % morphine, twice the strength of opium. Emplastrum Opii. J Trochis'ci Glycyrrhi'zm et Opii, 1 = opium gr. /g. 0.005 Pulvis Ipecacuan'hte et Opii,§ gr. x. = Op. gr. i. Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii, Tfl x. = Op. gr. i. Acetum Opii (Black Drop),|| Vinum Opii (Sydenham's Lau- Tinctura Opii (Laudanum. Tinc- tura Thebaica), Tinctura Opii Deodora'ti,** Opium, i part in lo.ff Tinctura Opii Camphora'ta4J Op. nearly gr. ij. in § i. * Powdered O., for pharm. or medicinal uses, should contain from 13 to 15% of morphine. In 1880 the direction was, from 12 to 16% of morphine. + (Contains 14% morphine.) Is O. deprived, by the action of ether, of its narcotine and odorous principles. t Ext. opii 6, Burgundy pitch 18, lead plaster 76 parts. § See ipecac. || Contains nutmeg, 3 in 100. *' Contains cinnamon and cloves, aa 1 in 100. ** Deprived, by the action of ether, of its narcotine and odorous prin- ciples. ft These four preparations are now of one strength, 10 parts opium in 100. (By measure, acetum, TH, 9.6 ; vinum, TIL 10.5 ; tinctura and tinct. deodor., TIL n = gr. i.) In the U. S. P., 1870, their strengths were: Acetum 16.3 in 100 ; vinum 13 in 100 ; tinctura and tinct. deodor. 9 in 100. tt (Paregoric.) Opium, benzoic acid, camphor, oil of anise aa 1, glycerin xo, alcohol dil. ad 250 parts. 49 PAN PAR Gm. Cc. OFFICIAL ALKALOIDS OF OPIUM.* Morphi'na (Pharm. use), Morphi'nas Ace'tas, Morphinse Plydrochlo'ras, Morphinae Sulphas, gr. X about equals opium gr. i. $ Liquor Morphinae Sulphatis,f Morph. Sulph., gr. i. in 5 i. S' Magendie's Solution, Morph. Sulph., gr. xvi. in § i. $ Suppositoria Morphinae(Sulph.), Pharm., 1870, 1 =gr. ss. Pulvis Morphinae gr. x. = Morph. Sulph. gr. -J Trochis'ci Morphinae et Ipecacuan'hae,§ 1 = gr. 0.0018 Apomorphi'nae Hydrochloras,|| gr. -pV-Tff 0.004-0.006 Codei'na, commencing dose, gr. i. 0.06 Pancreati num.-Pancreatin. A mixture of the enzymes naturally existing in the pancreas of warm-blooded animals. Usually obtained from the fresh pancreas of the hog. Pancreati num, gr. v.-xv. 0.32-1. Paraldehy dum.-Paraldehyde. A polymeric form of Ethylic Aldehyde. A colorless, transparent liquid, strong odor, burning taste. Paraldehydum, 3 ss.-ii. 1.90-7.50 Parei'ra.-Pareira Brava, The root of Chondodendron tomentosum. A climbing, woody vine (nat. ord. Menispermaceae). Brazil and Peru. Extractum Parei'rae Fluidum, 3 ss.-ij. 1.90-7.50 * Unofficial alkaloids are : narcotine, thebaine, papaverine, narceine, hydrocotarnine, pseudomorphine, protopine, laudanine, codamine, rhoea- dine, meconidine, cryptopine, laudanosine, lanthopine, gnoscopine. t " U. S. solution." Pharm., 1870. t (Tully's powder-a substitute for Dover's.) Morph, sulph. 1 : camphor, licorice, calcii carb, praecip., aa 20 parts. § 1 = morph, sulph. gr. ipecac, gr. y'j. || " The hydrochlorate of an artificial alkaloid prepared from morphine." May also be made from codeine. The dose given in the text is for hypo- dermic use. 50 PEP PHO Gm. Cc. Pe po.-Pumpkin Seed. The seed of Cucurbita Pepo (com- mon pumpkin) (nat. ord. Cucurbitaceae). Pepo, § i.-ij. 15.-30. Pepsi'num.-Pepsin. A proteolytic ferment obtained from the mucous membrane of the fresh stomach of the hog, and capable of digesting not less than 3,000 times its own weight of coagulated albumen.* Pepsi'num, gr. i.-v. 0.06-0.32 Pepsinum Saccharatum,f gr. v.- 3 ss. 0.32-1.95 Petrola tum. J-Petroleum in its crude state is unofficial. A mixture of hydrocarbons, chiefly of the marsh-gas series. The official preparations are obtained by distilling off the lighter and more volatile portions, and purifying the residue when it has the desired consistence. Petrolatum Liquidum, Petrolatum Molle (melts IO4°-H3° F.), Petrolatum Spissum (melts 113°-!25° F.). External use. Petroseli'num.-Parsley. The root of Petroselinum sa- tivum. A plant. The south of Europe ; cultivated in the U. S. and elsewhere. $ Apiol (in capsules, each Gm. 0.25), 1-3 capsules. Phos phorus.-Phosphorus. A solid, non-metallic ele- ment ; translucent, colorless when pure ; resembles wax. Inflames at 100° F. Is obtained from bones. Phosphorus,§ gr. nj-yj. 0.0006-0.0008 Oleum Phosphora'tum,|| TTL iij.-v. 0.18-0.30 Pilulae r£r>-too- 0.0006 * When tested by the process of the Pharmacopoeia of 1890. t Pepsin 1, sugar of milk 9. Capable of digesting 300 times its weight of albumen. t When petrolatum is ordered without further specification, petrolatum molle (soft petroleum) is dispensed. § Should never be given in substance. || Phosphorus 1, ether 9, expressed oil of almond, ad 100 parts. Tlfi. = P. gr- Tis- Dose, IT], i.-iij. (Wood). T Contain also althaea, acacia, and glycerin, and are coated with balsam of tolu. 51 PHY PHY Gm. Cc. Spiritus Phosphori,* 3 i- = about gr. 3*5. 0.004 Elixir Phosphori.f 3 i. = about gr. 0.0008 •b Thompson's Solution of P.,| 3 i. = gr. 0.003 Zinci Phos'phidum,§ gr. 0.0012 Calcii Ferri Potassii Sodii Hypophos'phis, gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Syrupus Hypophosphi'tum,|| 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Syrupus Hypophosphiturn cum Ferro,T[ 3 i.-ij. 3-75-7-5O Physostig'ma.-Calabar Bean. The seed of Physostigma venenosum. A woody, climbing plant (nat. ord. Legu- minosae). Calabar, Africa. Extractum Physostig'matis, gr. yg-|. 0.004-0.01 TincturaPhysostigmatis (1 in 6.67), up x.-xxv. 0.62-1.60 Physostigmi'nae Salicy'las,** gr. 0.0008 Physostigminae Sulphas, ff gr. 0.0006-0.001 Phytolac'cae Fructus.-Phytolacca Berry. [Poke Berry.] The fruit of Phytolacca decandra. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Phytolaccaceae). Phytolaccae Radix.-Phytolacca Root. [Poke Root.] The root of Phytolacca decandra. * Contains P. 1.2 parts in 1000, or about gr. A in 3 i. t Contains spirit of P. 21, oil of anise .2, glycerin 55, and aromatic elixir ad 100. J P. is dissolved in warmed abs. alcohol; and glycerin, alcohol, and spts. menth, pip. added. § " Theoretically, gr. i. contains nearly gr. % of phosphorus. Maxi- mum commencing dose gr. jV"-U. S. Disp. "Dose, gr. Prof. Seguin recommends gr. J-|."-Wood. || 3 i. contains calcii hypophosphis about gr. iij., sod. and potass, hypophosphis, aa about gr. i. ; with citric ac., spts. of lemon, and sugar. •f (Lactate of iron 1, syrup of hypophosphites 98 parts.) 3 L = nearly gr. % of ferri lactas. ** Eserine salicylate. " Tentative dose should not exceed gr. g'5." ++ Eserine sulphas. 52 PIC PIX Gm. Cc. Extractum Phytolac'cae Radicis Fluidum, iR, v.- 3 ss. 0.31-1.85 Picrotoxi'num.-Picrotoxin. A neutral principle prepared from the seeds of Anamirta paniculata (Cocculus Indi- cus). A climbing shrub (nat. ord. Menispermacese). East Indies. Picrotoxinum.* External use chiefly. Pilqcar'pus.-Jaborandi. The leaflets of Pilocarpus Sello- anus and of Pilocarpus Jaborandi. A plant (nat. ord. Rutacese). Brazil. Pilocarpus, powdered, gr. xx.- 3 i. 1.30-3.90 Extractum Pilocar'pi Fluidum, ill xv.-3 ss.f 0.90-1.90 Pilocarpi'nse Hydrochlo'ras,| 0.008-0.02 Pimen'ta.-Allspice. [Jamaica Pepper.] The nearly ripe fruit of Pimenta officinalis. A tree (nat. ord. Myrtaceee). W. Indies, Mexico, and S. America. Pimenta, powdered, gr. x.-xl. 0.65-2.60 Oleum Pimen'tae, Hl iij.-vi. 0.18-0.36 Piper .-Black Pepper.§ The unripe fruit of Piper nigrum. A perennial vine (nat. ord. Piperaceae). Cochin-China and India. Piper, powdered, gr. v.-xx. 0.33-1.30 Oleoresi'na Piperis, Hl %-i. 0.015-0.06 Piperi'num, gr. i.-viij. 0.06-0.50 Pix Burgundica.-Burgundy Pitch. The prepared resin- ous exudation of Abies excelsa (Norway Spruce). A tree (nat. ord. Coniferse). Europe and Northern Asia. Emplastrum Pi'cis Burgun'dicae.|| Emplastrum Picis Cantharidatum See Cantharis. * Dose, gr, jh-is--Bartholow. t Dose, 3 ss.-i.-Wood. J Dose for hypodermic use. § White pepper is the ripe berry deprived of its skin. || Burgundy pitch 9, yellow wax 1 part. 53 PIX POD Gm. C<i. Pix Liq uida.-Tar. An empyreumatic oleoresin obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pinus palustris and of other species of Pinus. An indigenous tree (nat. ord. Conifer®). Oleum Picis Liq'uid®.* External use, chiefly. Syrupus Picis Liquid®,! 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Unguentum Picis Liquid®. | Plum bum.-Lead. The metal Lead is not official. Plum'bi Ace'tas (Sugar of Lead),§ gr. i.-iij. 0.06-0.20 Liquor Plumbi Subaceta'tis (Goulard's extract). || Liq. Plumbi Subacetatis Dilu'tus (Lead Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis (Goulard's cerate).** Plumbi Carbo'nas (White Lead). Unguentum Plumbi Carbona'tis, 1 in 10. Plumbi lod'idum, gr. ss.-iv. 0.03-0.26 Unguentum Plumbi lod'idi, 1 in 10. Plumbi Nitras. ff External use. Plumbi Ox'idum (Litharge). Emplastrum Plumbi (Diachylon plaster).!! Unguentum Diach'ylon.§§ Podophyl'lum.-May Apple. [Mandrake.] The rhizome and rootlets of Podophyllum peltatum. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Berberide®). Podophyllum, powdered, gr. xx. 1.30 Extractum Podophylli, gr. i.-iij. 0.06-0.20 * A vol. oil prepared by distilling tar ; pyroligneous ac. and pitch being left behind. + Tar 6, sugar 60, water ad roo parts. $ Tar and suet equal parts. § Is practically the only preparation of lead used internally. || External use, diluted. Contains about 25% of subacetate of lead. T Liq. pb. subacet., 3 in 100 parts. ** Liq. pb. subacet. 1, ceratum camphorse, 4 parts. tt Ledoyen's disinfecting fluid is a solution of plumbi nitras, 3 i - ' i. (About litharge and % olive oil.) Lead plaster is the basis of most of the other plasters. §§ Lead plaster 50, olive oil 49, oil of lavender x part. 54 Gm. Cc. Extractum Podophylli Fluidum, HI v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Resina Podophylli,* gr. 0.008-0.03 Pilulas Catharticae Vegetabiles. See Colocynth. Potas'sium.-Potassium.! The metal Potassium is not official. Potas'sa.! A caustic solid. Liquor Potas'sae,§ well diluted, Tip v.-xx. 0.30-1.25 Potassa cum Calce (Vienna Paste). || Caustic. Potassa gr. ij.-x. 0.13-0.65 Potas'sii Carbo nas,** gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Potassii Bicarbo'nas (Saleratus), gr. xx.- 3 i. 1.30-3.90 Potassii Ace'tas, gr. xx.- 3 i. 1.30-3.90 Potassii Bichro'mas,ff caustic. Potassii Chloras, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Trochis'ci Potassii Chlora'tis, 1 = gr.v. 0.33 Potassii Ci'tras, gr. xx.-xxv. 1.30-1.65 Liquor Potassi Citra'tis,!! § ss. 15. Potassii Citras Effervescens,§§ 3 ss.-iss. 1.90-5.80 Potassii Nitras,|||| gr. v.-xx. 0.33-1.30 Charta Potassii Nitratis.TT) POT POT * The name podophyllin is inappropriate, and should be abandoned. + Potassa, potassa c. calce, K. acetas, Carbonas, citras, and hypophosphis are deliquescent; K. cyanidum, iodidum, sulphis, and tartras slightly so. t (Caustic potash. Potassium hydrate. Potassium hydroxide.) § Contains about 5 % of potassa. || A grayish-white powder ; equal parts potassa and lime. 5 (Liver of sulphur.) ** The impure carbonate is called pearlash. +t " Mueller's fluid," for preserving anatomical specimens, is 2 to 2% parts potass, bichromate, x sodium sulphate, and 100 water. tt Potass, bicarb. 8, citric acid 6, water ad 100 parts. Contains about 9% of potass, citrate. §§ Citric acid 31, potass, bicarb. 45, and sugar 24 parts in 100. IHl (Nitre, salpetre). Sal prunelie is nitre fused and run into circular moulds. rr " Asthma paper." (Strips of white, unsized paper, dipped in a so- lution of nitre in water-1 part in 4-and dried.) To be burned, and the fumes inhaled. 55 PRU PYR Gm. Cc. Potassii Sulphas, 3ss.-§ss. 1.95-15. Potassii Bitar'tras (Cream of Tartar),* 3 i-~ 1 i- 3.90-31. Potassii et Sodii Tartras.f 3 i.- 3 i- 3.90-31. Potassii Bromidum. See Bromine. Potassii Cyanidum. Potassii Ferrocyanidum. See Hydrocyanic Ac. Potassii Hypophosphis. See Phosphorus. Potassii lodidum. See Iodine. Potassii Permanganas. See Manganese. Pru'num.-Prune. The fruit of Primus domestica (culti- vated plum tree), (nat. ord. Rosacese). An ingredient of Confectio Sennae. Prunus Virginia'na.-Wild Cherry. The bark of Prunus serotina, collected in autumn. An indigenous tree (nat. ord. Rosacese). Prunus Virginiana, powdered, 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Extractum Pruni Virginiame Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Infusum Pruni Virginianse (1 in 25), § ij. 60. Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (1 in 6.6), § ss. 15. Pulsatilla.- Pulsatilla. The herb of Anenome Pulsatilla. A. pratensis, collected soon after flowering. Plants (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). Temperate regions, espe- cially of Europe. Pulsatilla, powdered, gr. ij.-iij. 0.13-0.20 $ Tinctura Pulsatillas, 3 ss. 1.90 Pyre'thrum.-Pellitory. The root of Anacyclus Pyre- thrum. A plant (nat. ord. Compositae). The Levant, Barbary, and the Mediterranean coast of Europe. Tinctura Pyre'thri (1 in 5). External use. Pyrogal'lol.-Pyrogallic Acid (CbH3(OH)8). A triatomic phenol obtained chiefly by the dry distillation of gallic acid. White, shining needles, odorless, bitter taste. *" Imperial drink." Potass, bitart. ?ss., dissolved in boiling water O iij.; add white sugar 5 iv., and fresh lemon peel 3 ss. + (Rochelle Salt.) For Seidlitz powder, see Sodium. 56 Gm. Cc. Pyroxyli'num.-Pyroxylin. [Soluble Gun-Cotton.] See Gossypium. Quas'sia.-Quassia. The wood of Picrmna excelsa (Quassia excelsa). [Bitter Ash.] A tree (nat. ord. Simarubeae). Jamaica and the Caribbean islands. Extractum Quas'siae, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Extractum Quassiae Fluidum, Tip v.-x. 0.30-0.60 Tinctura Quassiae (1 in 10), 3 i. 3.75 Quer'cus Al ba.-White Oak.* The bark of Quercus alba. An indigenous tree (nat. ord. Cupuliferse). $ Decoctum Quercus Al'bae. External use. Quilla'ja .-Soap Bark. The bark of Quillaja Saponaria. A tree (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Chili. Tinctura Quillajae (1 in 5), Tip xv.- 3 ss. 0.92-1.85 Resi na.-Resin. [Rosin. Colophony.] The residue left after distilling off the volatile oil from Turpentine. Ceratum Resi'nae.j- basilicon ointment. Emplastrum Resinae, J adhesive plaster. Resorci'num.-Resorcin (CgH4(OH)2). A diatomic phenol. Colorless crystals, having a peculiar odor and a dis- agreeable taste. Resorci'num, gr. ii.-x. 0.12-0.65 Rham'nus Purshia'na.-Cascara Sagrada. The bark of Rhamnus Purshiana. A tree (nat. ord. Rhamnacese). California. Rhamnus Purshiana, gr. xv.-3 i- 0.95-3.75 Extractum Rhamni Purshianse Fluidum. Tip xv.- 3 i- 0.92-3.70 Rhe um.-Rhubarb. The root of Rheum Officinale. Plants (nat. ord. Polygonacese). China, Chinese Tartary, and Thibet. PYR RHE * Quercitron is the powdered bark of the black oak, Quercus tinc- toria. + Resin 7, yellow wax 3, lard 10 parts. f Resin about 3, yellow wax about 1, lead plaster 16 parts. 57 RHU ROS Gm. Cc. Rheum, powdered, gr. v.-3 ss. 0.33-1.95 Pilulse Rhe'i,* 1 = gr. iij. 0.18 Pilulse Rhei Compos'itse,f 1-4 pills. Pulvis Rhei Compositus,| 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Extractum Rhei, gr. v.-x. 0.33-0.65 Extractum Rhei Fluidum, TR, v.- 3 ss. 0.30-1.90 Tinctura Rhei,§ 3 i.-ij. 3-75~7-5O Tinctura Rhei Aromat'ica,|| 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Tinctura Rhei Dulcis,T[ 3 ij--iij. 7.50-11.25 Syrupus Rhei,** 3 ij.- 5 ss. 7.50-15. Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus,ff § ss.-ij. 15.-60. Mistura Rhei et Sodae,j:| § ss.-ij. 15.-60. Rhus Gia bra.-Sumach. The fruit of Rhus Glabra. An indigenous shrub (nat. ord. Anacardiese). Extractum Rho'is Gla'brae Fluidum. External use. Rhus Toxicoden dron.-Poison-Oak. The fresh leaves of Rhus radicans, poison-ivy, a vine (nat. ord. Ana- cardiese). Indigenous. Rhus Toxicodendron, gr. i.-iv. 0.06-0.26 Rosa Centifo lia.-Pale Rose. The petals of Rosa Centi- folia (nat. ord. Rosacea:). Oleum Rosae.§§ For flavoring. * Rhubarb gr. iij., soap gr. i in each. + Rhubarb gr. ij., purified aloes gr. iss., myrrh gr. i., oil of pepper- mint gr. A in each. tRhubarb 5, magnesia 13, ginger 2 parts. (Gregory's powder.) § Rhubarb 10, cardamom 2 parts in 100. || Rhubarb 20, cinnamon and cloves aa 4, nutmeg 2 parts in xoo. •j Rhubarb 10, licorice and anise aa 4, cardamom x part in 100. ** Rhubarb 10, spirits of cinnamon. 4, carbonate of potass. 1, syrup, glycerin, and water ad 100 parts. ++(Spiced syrup of rhubarb.) Aromatic tinct. of rhubarb 15, syrup 85 parts. "Contains one-seventh of diluted alcohol.'' 3 i. = about gr. 1% of rhubarb. tt Ext. rhei fl., sodii bicarb., spirit, menth. pip., aa 3 ; water ad 100 parts. §§ (Attar, otto, or essence of rose.) A vol. oil distilled from Rosa damascena. 58 ROS SAC Gm. Cc. Aqua Rosae. In lotions. Aqua Rosae Fortior. In lotions. Unguentum Aquae Rosae (Cold cream).* Rosa Gallica.-Red Rose. The petals of Rosa Gallica, collected before expanding (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Extractum Rosae Fluidum, 3 i.-ij. 3-75-7-5O Confectio Rosae,f Mel Rosae, Syrupus Rosae.]: Used as vehicles. Rubus.-Blackberry. The bark of the root of Rubus vil- losus (a bush) and R. trivialis and R. canadensis (a vine), (nat. ord. Rosacese). Indigenous. Extractum Rubi Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Syrupus Rubi,§ 3 i.~ § ss. 3.75-15. Rubus Idae'us.-Raspberry. The fruit of Rubus idaeus. An indigenous bush (nat. ord. Rosaceae). Syrupus Rubi Idae'i. As a vehicle. Ru' mex.-Yellow Dock. The root of Rumex crispus and other species of R. A plant (nat. ord. Polygonaceae). Europe ; naturalized in this country. Extractum Ru'micis Fluidum, 3 i- 3-75 Sabi na.-Savine. The tops of Juniperus Sabina. An ever- green shrub (nat. ord. Coniferae). The south of Europe and the Levant. Extractum Sabi'nae Fluidum, ii[ iij.-viij. 0.18-0.50 Oleum Sabinae, Fl ij.-v. 0.12-0.30 Sac charum.-Sugar. The refined sugar of Saccharum offi- cinarum [sugar-cane]. A tall plant ; also from various species of Sorghum (nat. ord. Gramineae); also from * Expressed oil of almond 5, stronger rose water 1.5. spermaceti and white wax, aa 1 part. + Red rose, sugar, honey, and rose-water. t Fl. ext. 1, syrup 7 parts. § Fl. ext. 1, syrup 4 parts. 59 SAC SAN Gm. Cc. one or more varieties of Beta vulgaris (nat. ord. Cheno- podiaceae). Cultivated in most tropical countries. Syrupus (simple syrup).* As a vehicle. Sac'charum Lac'tis.-Sugar of Milk [Lactose], A pecu- liar, crystalline sugar obtained from the whey of cow's milk. Used as a vehicle. Salici'num.-Salicin. A neutral principle obtained from several species of Salix and Populas. Willow trees (nat. ord. Salicacese). Salicinum, gr. xx.- 3 ss. 1.30-1.95 Sa lol.-Phenyl Salicylate. The salicylate ether of phenol. A white crystalline powder, almost odorless and taste- less. Salol, gr. iii.-xv. o. 19-1. Sal'via.-Sage. The leaves of Salvia officinalis. A peren- nial plant (nat. ord. Labiatae). The south of Europe ; cultivated in this country. Is an ingredient of Vinum Aromaticum. Sambu'cus.-Elder. The flowers of Sambucus canadensis. An indigenous shrub (nat. ord. Caprifoliaceae). Sanguina'ria.-Bloodroot. [Puccoon.] The rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis ; collected in autumn. An in- digenous plant (nat ord. Papaveraceae). Extractum Sanguina'riae Fluidum, Rf iij.-v. 0.18-0.30 Tinctura Sanguinariae (1 in 6.6), R[ xv.- 3 ss. 0.90-1.90 San'talum Ru'brum.-Red Saunders. The wood of Ptero- carpus santalinus. A tree (nat. ord. Leguminosae). India. Used as a coloring agent. Santon'ica.-Levant Wormseed. The unexpanded flower- head of Artemisia pauciflora. A perennial plant (nat. ord. Compositae). Persia and Asia Minor. Santonica, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 * Sugar 85, water ad 100 parts. 60 SAP SAS Gm. Cc. Santoni'num (a neutral principle),* gr. ij.-iv. 0.13-0.26 Trochis'ci Santonini, 1 = gr. ss. 0.03 Sa'po.-Soap (white castile soap). Soap prepared from soda and olive oil. Emplastrum Sapo'nis. (Soap 1, lead plaster 9 parts.) Linimentum Saponis.f Sa'po Mollis.-Soft Soap. J Soap prepared from Potassa and Linseed oil. Linimentum Sapo'nis Mollis.§ External use. Sarsaparil'la.-Sarsaparilla. The root of Smilax offici- nalis, S. medica, and of other undetermined species of S. Woody vines (nat. ord. Liliacese). Mexico and northern South America. Extractum Sarsaparil'lae Fluidum, Extractum S. Fluidum Compositum,|| ' 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus,T[ § ss. or more. 15. Decoctum Sarsaparillae Compositum,** § iij.-vi. 90.-180. Sas safras.-Sassafras. The bark of the root of Sassa- fras variifolium. An indigenous tree (nat. ord. Laurineae). Oleum Sassafras. For flavoring. Sas'safras Medul'la.-Sassafras Pith. The pith of Sassa- fras variifolium (nat. ord. Laurineae). Mucilago Sassafras Medul'lee.ff As collyrium and drink. * Dose for a child two years old, gr. Gm. 0.016-0.03. + (Camphorated tincture of soap. Liquid opodeldoc.) Soap 7, cam- phor 4.5, oil of rosemary 1, alcohol 75, water ad 100 parts. t Should contain at least 5 % of free hydrate of potassium. § Soft soap 65, oil of lavender 2, alcohol ad 100 parts. || Sarsaparilla 75, licorice 12, sassafras 10, mezereum 3 parts in 100. Fluid extract of S. (1 in 5) also liquorice, senna, sassafras, anise, oil of Wintergreen, sugar, and water. Is the best vehicle for iodide of potassium (Wood). ** (1 in 10.) Same ingredients as the comp. fl. ext., plus guaiacum wood. Is an imitation of the " Lisbon diet-drink." ft Sassafras pith 2, water 100 parts. 61 SCA SEN Gm. Cc. Scammo nium.-Scammony. A resinous exudation from the root of Convolvulus Scammonia. A vine (nat. ord. Convolvulaceae). Syria, Anatolia, and the Archipelago. Scammonium, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Resina Scammo'nii, gr. iv.-viij. 0.26-0.52 Scil'la.-Squill. [Sea Onion.] The sliced bulb of Urginea maritima. A plant (nat. ord. Liliaceae). Coasts of the Mediterranean. Scilla, powdered, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Extractum Scillae Fluidum, HL i.-iij. 0.06-0.18 Acetum Scillse (1 in 10), H[ x.- 3 ss. 0.60-1.80 Tinctura Scillse (1 in 6.6), H[ x.-xx. 0.60-1.20 Syrupus Scillae,* 3 ss.-i. 1.80-3.75 Syrupus Scillse Compos'itus,f Hf xx.-3 ss. 1.20-1.90 Scopa rius.-Broom. The tops of Cytisus Scoparius. A European shrub (nat. ord. Leguminosae) ; cultivated in this country. Extractum Scopa'rii Fluidum, H[ xv.-3 i- 0.92-3.70 Spartei'nse Sulphas, gr. |-i 0.008-0.06 Scutella'ria.-Scullcap. [Hoodwort. Madweed.J Scutel- laria lateriaflora. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. La- biatae). Extractum Scutella'rise Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1-90-3.75 Sen ega.-Senega. [Senega Snakeroot.] The root of Polygala Senega. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Polygaleae). Extractum Senegae Fluidum, Hl i.-v. 0.06-0.30 Syrupus Senegae,]: 3 i.-ij. 3-75-7-5O Syrupus Scillae Comp. See Squill. Sen'na.-Senna. The leaflets of Cassia acutifolia (of Nu- * Vinegar of squill i, sugar 2 parts. Hl xxx = gr. i. of squill. + (Ilive-syrup.) Contains squill and senega, aa 8, tartar emetic about | part in 100. About gr. i. in ' i. of tartar emetic. J Fluid extract, 1 part in 6%. 62 Gm. Cc. bia and Upper Egypt) and of C. augustifolia (of Southern Arabia). Shrubs (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Confectio Sennae,* 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Extractum Sennse Fluidum, 3 i.- | ss. 3.75-15. Infusum Sennae Compositum.f § iv. 120. Syrupus Sennae, 3i.-§ss.J 3.75-15. Pulvis Glycyrrhi'zae Compositus,§ 3 ss.-ij. 1.95-7.80 Serpenta'ria.-Virginia Snakeroot. The rhizome and rootlets of Aristolochia Serpentaria and of A. reticulata. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Aristolochiaceae). Extractum Serpenta'riae Fluidum, TH, xx.- 3 ss. 1.25-1.90 Tinctura Serpentariae (1 in 10), 3 ss. 3.75-15. Se'vum.-Suet. The internal fat of the abdomen of Ovis Aries [the sheep], purified by melting and straining. Sevum. Pharm. use. Sina'pis Al ba.-White Mustard. The seed of Brassica alba. Plant (nat. ord. Cruciferae). Europe : cultivated in this country. Sina'pis Ni'gra.-Black Mustard. The seed of Brassica nigra. Plant (nat. ord. Cruciferae). Europe ; natural- ized in some parts of this country. Sinapis, powdered, as emetic, 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Charta Sinapis. || Oleum Sinapis Used in the Liniment. SER SIN * Senna (i in io), cassia fistula (i in 6%~), oil, coriander, tamarind, prune, fig, sugar. + (Black draught.) Senna 6, manna and sulphate of magnesium aa i2, fennel 2 parts in 100. t (Dose given in U. S. Disp. and in Wood.) The syrup-25 parts senna in 100, flavored with ol. coriandri-is about % the strenp-' i <>f the fl. ext., and the doses of the two preparations ought, therefore, t > dif- fer accordingly. § Senna x8, licorice 23 6, oil of fennel .4, washed sulphur 8, sugar ad 100. II Each sq. inch of paper should contain about gr. vi. (Gw. 0.40) of mustard. V Ol. sinap. vol. 1, alcohol 60 parts-may be used as a substitute for mustard plaster. 63 SOD SOD Gm. Cc. Linimentum Sinapis Compositum.* Sodium.-Sodium. The metal Sodium is not official. Soda (Caustic Soda. Sodium Hydrate).f A caustic solid. $ Soda cum Calce (London Caustic. Liquor Sodse,§ well diluted, TR, v.-xv. 0.30-0.90 Liquor Sodse Chlora'tse, See Chlorum. So'dii Carbo'nas, || gr. x.- 3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Sodii Carbonas Exsicca'tus, gr. v.-xv. 0.33-1. Sodii Bicarbonas, gr. x.- 3 i. 0.65-3.90 Trochis'ci Sodii Bicarbona'tis, 1 = gr. iij. 0.20 Pulvis Efferves'cens Compositus,fl[ 1-2 powders. Sodii Ace'tas, gr. xx.-3ij. 1.30-7.80 Sodii Ben'zoas, gr. x.-3ss 0.65-1.95 Sodii Boras (Borax), gr. xxx.-xl. 1.95-2.60 Sodii Chloras, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Sodii Chlo'ridum (salt). As emetic, § ss-i. 15.-30. Sodii Nitras,** pharm. use. Sodii Nitris, gr. i.-iii. 0.06-0.19 Sodii Phosphas, gr. xx.-|ij. 1.30-60. Sodii Pyrophos'phas, pharm. use. Sodii Sulphas (Glauber's salt), § ss.-i. 15.-30. Sodii Sulphocar'bolas, gr. x.-3ss. 0.65-1.95 Liquor Sodii Silica'tis.j-f Sodii Arsen'as. See Arsenic. * Vol. oil of mustard 3, fluid ext. of mezereum 20, camphor 6, castor oil 15, alcohol ad 100 parts. + Sodii hypophosphis and iodidum are deliquescent; soda and sodii nitras slightly so. t Equal parts caustic soda and unslaked lime. A powder. § Contains about 5 % of soda. HfSalsodse. Washing soda.) fl (Seidlitz powder.) In two papers: one, usually white, contains tartaric acid, gr. 35 ; the other, usually blue, bicarbonate of sodium, gr. mixed with Rochelle salt, gr. 120. ** (Cubic nitre. Chili saltpetre.) tt Used in preparing "soluble glass" dressings. Contains about 20$ silica, and 10% soda. 64 SPI STR Gm. Cc. Sodii Bromidum. See Bromine. Sodii Hypophosphis. See Phosphorus. Sodii lodidum. See Iodine. Sodii Salicylas. See Salicylic Ac. Sodii Sulphis, Sodii Bisulphis, Sodii Hyposulphis. See Sulphurous Ac. Spigelia.-Pinkroot. The rhizome and rootlets of Spigelia marilandica. A plant (nat. ord. Loganiacese). The southern U. S. Spigelia, powdered, 3 i.-ij. 3.90-7.80 Extractum Spigeliae Fluidum, 3 i.-ij. 3.75-7.50 Spigeliae etSennae Fluidum,* 3 ij-~ 5 ss- 7.50-15. Staphisa'gria.-Stavesacre. The seed of Delphinium Staphisagria. A plant (nat. ord. Ranunculaceae). The south of Europe. Stillingia.-Queen's Root. [Yaw Root.] The root of Stillingia Sylvatica. A plant (nat. ord. Euphorbiaceae). The southern U. S. Stillingia, powdered, gr. xv.-3 ss. 1.-1.95. Extractum Stillin'giae Fluidum, tt[ xv.-xlv. 0.90-2.80 Stramo'nii Folia.-Stramonium Leaves. The leaves of Datura Stramonium (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Burned, and the fumes inhaled. Stramo'nii Se'men.-Stramonium Seed. The seed of Datura Stramonium. [Thornapple. Jamestown weed. Stinkweed.] A plant (nat. ord. Solanaceae). Europe and this country. Extractum Stramonii Seminis, gr. J-0.016-0.03 Extractum Stramonii Seminis Fluidum, Hl i-iii. 0.06-0.12 Tinctura Stramonii Seminis (1 in 6.6). Hl x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Unguentum Stramonii (extract, 1 in 10). Strontium.-The metal Strontium is not official. Strontii Bromidum, gr. v.-x. 0.32-0.65 * U. S. Pharmacopoeia, 1870. 65 STR TAM Gm. Cc. Strontii lodidum, gr. v-x. 0.32-0.65 Strontii Lactas, gr. v.-x. 0.32-0.65 Strophan'thus.-The seed of Strophanthus hispidus. A climbing African plant (nat. ord. Apocynacese), deprived of its long awn. Tinctura Strophanthi (1 in 20). Tip iii.-x. 0.18-0.62 $ Stropliantinum, 0.0005-0.001 Sty rax.-Storax. A balsam prepared from the inner bark of Liquidambar orientalis (Oriental sweet gum tree), (nat. ord, Hamamelacese). Asia Minor. Is an ingredient of Tinct. Benzoini Comp. Sul phur.-Crude Sulphur. [Brimstone.] Not official. Sulphur sublima'tum,* pharm. use. Potas'sa Sulphura'ta,f gr. ij.-x. 0.13-0.65 Unguentum Sul'phuris, 3 in 10. Sulphur Lotum,]: 3 i.-iij. 3.90-11.65 Sulphuris lo'didum. External use. Sulphur Praecipitatum,§ 3 i.-iij. 3.90-11.65 Calx Sulphurata,|| gr. 0.006-0.03 Sum'bul.-Sumbul. The root of Ferula Sumbul. A plant (nat. ord. Umbelliferse). Northern India. Tinctura Sumbul (1 in 10), Til xx.- 3 i. 1.25-3.75 Tabacum.-Tobacco. The commercial, dried leaves of Nicotiana Tabacum. A plant (nat. ord. Solanacese). Cultivated in most tropical countries. Tatnarin'dus.-Tamarind. The preserved pulp of the fruit of Tamarindus indica. A large tree (nat. ord. Legu- minosse). East and West Indies, Egypt, and Arabia. Tamarindus, 3 i.- 3 i., or more. 3.90-30. Is an ingredient of Confectio Sennse. * (Flowers of Sulphur.) Always contains a little sulphuric acid. + (Liver of Sulphur.) $ (Washed Sulphur.) Is sulphur sublimatum washed with diluted aq. ammoniae. § (Milk of Sulphur.) || See Calcium. 66 Gm. Cc. Tanace'tum.-Tansy. The leaves and tops of Tenaceum vulgare. A plant (nat. ord. Compositse). Europe ; naturalized in this country. Tanacetum, powdered, 3 ss.-i. 1.95-3.90 Tarax acum.-Dandelion. The root of Taraxacum offici- nale gathered in autumn. A plant (nat. ord. Com- posite). U. S. and most other countries. Extractum Tarax'aci, gr. xx.-3 i. 1.30-3.95 Extractum Taraxaci Fluidum, 3 i.-iij. 3.75-11.25 Terebe num. - Terebene. (C1o 1I16). A colorless or slightly yellowish, thin liquid, having a thyme-like odor, and an aromatic taste. Consists chiefly of Pinene and contains not more than very small proportions of Terpinene and Dipentene. Terebenum, TT[ iii.-x. 0.18-0.62 Terebin'thina.-Turpentine. [Common Frankincense.] A concrete oleoresin obtained from Pinus palustris (a tree : the southern U. S.), and from other species of Pinus (nat. ord. Coniferae). Oleum Terebinthinae.* External use. Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum,-[iH, v.- 3 ss. 0.30-2. Resina. See Resin. Linimentum Terebinthinae (Kentish ointment).]: Terebin'thina Canaden sis.-Canada Turpentine. [Bal- sam of Fir. Canada Balsam.] A liquid oleoresin ob- tained from Abies balsamea (American silver fir. Balm of Gilead tree), (nat. ord. Coniferae). Canada and the northern United States. Is an ingredient of Charta Canth. and of Collodium flexile. Terpi'ni Hy dras.-Terpin Hydrate. The hydrate of the TAN TER * (Spirits of turpentine.) A volatile oil distilled from turpentine. For internal use give the rectified oil. + Distilled with lime water. When the oil is ordered for internal use, the rectified oil should always be dispensed. $ Resin cerate 65, oil of turpentine 35 parts.. 67 THY VAL Gm. Cc. diatomic alcohol Terpin. Colorless, nearly odorless, rhombic prisms, having a slightly aromatic and bitter taste. Terpini Hydras, gr. ii.-x. 0.12-0.65 Thy mol.-Thymol. A substance obtained from the oil of thyme and of some other plants. Either in white crystals or as an uncrystallizable liquid. Thymol. External use. Tragacan'tha.-Tragacanth. A gummy exudation from Astragalus gummifer, and from other species of A. A small shrub (nat. ord. Leguminosae). Asia Minor. Tragacantha, powdered, Mucilago Tragacan'thae. Used as vehicles. Trit'icum.-Couch-grass. The rhizome of Agropyrum repens (nat. ord. Gramineae), gathered in the spring and deprived of its rootlets. Europe ; naturalized in the U. S. Extractum Trit'ici Fluidum, 3 i- 3-75 Ulmus.-Elm. [Slippery Elm. Red Elm.] The inner bark of Ulmus fulva. An indigenous tree (nat. ord- Urticaceae). Ulmus, powdered. As a poultice. Mucilago Ulmi. As a drink. U'va Ursi.-Bearberry. The leaves of Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi. A small evergreen shrub (nat. ord. Erica- ceae). Northern Europe, Asia, and America. Extractum Uvae Ursi, gr. v.-xv. 0.32-1. Extractum Uvae Ursi Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1-90-3.75 Valeria na.-Valerian. The rhizome and rootlets of Valeriana officinalis. A plant (nat. ord. Valerianeae). Europe ; cultivated in the U. S. Extractum Valerianae Fluidum, 3 i. 3-75 Tinctura Valerianae (1 in 5), 3 i--1 ss. 3.75-15. Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata*(i in 5), 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 * Valerian i, aromatic spirit of ammonia 4 parts. 68 VAN VIT Ammo'nii Valeria'nas, gr. ij.-viij. 0.13-0.52 Gm. Cc. Ferri Valerianas, Quini'nse Valerianas, Zinci Valerianas, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Vanil la.-Vanilla. The fruit of Vanilla planifolia. A perennial, climbing plant (nat. ord. Orchideae). West Indies, Mexico, and S. America ; cultivated elsewhere. Tinctura Vanil'lse (1 in 10). Used for flavoring. Veratri'na.-Veratrine. An alkaloid or mixture of alka- loids, prepared from the seeds of Asagrsea officinalis. A plant (nat. ord. Liliacese). Mexico. Oleatum Veratri'nae,* 1 in 50. Unguentum Veratrinse, 1 in 25. Veratrum Vir'ide.-American Hellebore. [Green Helle- bore. Indian Poke.] The rhizome and rootlets of Veratrum viride. An indigenous plant (nat. ord. Liliacese). Extractum Vera'tri Vir'idis Fluidum, Tfl i.-ij. 0.06-0.12 Tinctura Veratri Viridis (2 in 5), H iij.-viij. 0.18-0.50 $ Norwood's Tincture of Veratrum Viride.f Vibur num Op'ulus.-Cramp Bark. The bark of Vibur- num opulus (nat. ord. Caprifoliacese). Extractum Viburni Opuli Fluidum, 3 i.-ii. 3.70-7.40 Viburnum Prunifo'lium.-Black Haw. The bark of Vi- burnum Prunifolium. An indigenous shrub (nat. ord. Caprifoliacese). Extractum Viburni Prunifolii Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Vitel lus.-Yolk of Egg. The yolk of the egg of Gallus Bankiva, war. domestica. Glyceritum Vitel li.]: Used as a vehicle, and externally. * Veratine 1, oleic acid 49 parts. t One tenth stronger than the official tincture. Is of the same strength as the tincture official in 1870. J (Glyconin.) Fresh yolk of egg 9, glycerin n parts. 69 XAN ZIN Gm. Co. Xanthoxylum.-Prickly Ash. [Toothache tree. Suter- berry.] The bark of Xanthoxylum Americanum and X. Clava-Herculis. Tall indigenous shrubs (nat. ord. Rutacese). Xanthoxylum, powdered, gr. x.-3 ss. 0.65-1.95 Extractum Xanthox'yli Fluidum, 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Zea.-Corn-Silk. The styles and stigmas of Zea Mays (corn, maize) (nat. ord. Graminese). Zin cum.-Zinc. [Speltre.] Metallic Zinc in the form of sheets, or irregular granulated pieces. Zinci Ox'idum,* gr. ij.-viij. 0.13-0.52 Unguentum Zinci Ox'idi, 1 in 5. Zinci Ace'tas. Astringent. Zinci Carbo'nas Praecipita'tus.f Pharm. use. Zinci Chlo'ridum (Butter of Zinc).J Caustic. Liquor Zinci Chlo'ridi.§ External use. Zinci Io'didum,|| gr. ss.-ij. 0.03-0.13 Zinci Sulphas (White Vitriol),T[ gr. i.-3 ss. 0.06-1.95 Zinci Valeria'nas, gr. i.-ij. 0.06-0.13 Zinci Bro'midum. See Bromum. Zinci Phos'phidum. See Phosphorus. Oleatum Zinci (zinc oxide 1 in 20). Zin giber.-Ginger.** The rhizome of Zingiber officinale. A plant (nat. ord. Scitamineae). Hindostan ; cultivated in both East and West Indies, and in Africa. * Tutty is the impure oxide of zinc. + Calamine is the impure native carbonate of zinc.-U. S. Disp.. and Wood. Hooker's chemistry calls calamine the silicate of zinc. t Is deliquescent. "Canquoin's paste," prepared according to the French Codex, is equal weights of zinc chloride and wheat flour, with a little water. § Contains about 50% of chloride of zinc. || Is deliquescent. If As emetic, the dose is from gr. x. to 3 ss. (Gm. 0.65-1.95). **" Green ginger is the fresh rhizome. Black ginger is the root- stock, dried with the epidermis on ; the white or Jamaica ginger is the same, deprived of its epidermis.-Wood. 70 ZIN ZIN Gm. Cc. Zingiber, powdered, gr. x.-xx. 0.65-1.30 Oleoresi'na Zingiberis,* fllss.-ij. 0.03-0.12 Extractum Zingiberis Fluidum, TH x.-xx. 0.60-1.25 Syrupus Zingiberis,} 3 i- or more. 3.75 Tinctura Zingiberis (1 in 5), 3 ss.-i. 1.90-3.75 Trochis'ci Zingiberis, 1 - Tip iij. of the Tincture. * Dose should not exceed a minim (<?.<?. 0.06), and should be much diluted.-U. S. Disp. + Contains fl. extract of ginger, 3 parts in 100. 71 TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF CHEMICALS IN WATER AND IN ALCOHOL. Abbreviations : s. = soluble ; ins. = insoluble ; sp. = sparingly ; v. = very ; alm. = almost; dec. = decomposed. Taken, by Permission, from the U. S. Pharmacopceia. Chemicals. Water. Alcohol. At 15 0 C. (59° F-). Boiling. At 150 C. (59° F.). Boiling. One part is soluble in : Parts. Parts. Parts. Parts. Acidum Arsenosum 30-80 15 SO. SO. " Benzoicum 500 15 2 I " Boricum 25 3 15 5 " Carbolicum 15-20 V. s. v. s. " Chromicum V. s. v. s. dec. dec. " Citricum 0.63 0.4 1.6 1.43 " Gallicum IOO 3 5. I. " Salicylicum 450 14 2.4 V. s. " Tannicum I V. s. 0.6 V. s. " Tartaricum 0.8 0.5 2.5 0.2 72 Alumen 9 20 0.3 0.7 ins. ins. ins. ins. " Exsiccatum Aluminii Hydras ins. ins. ins. ins. " Sulphas 1.2 v. s. ins. ins. Ammonii Benzoas K 1.2 28 7 6 " Bromidum D 1 • 5 0.7 3° 15 " Carbonas 5 dec. dec. dec. " Chloridum 3 I alm. ins. alm. ins. " lodidum i 0.5 9 3.7 ' ' Nitras 0.5 v. s. 20 3 " Valerianas v. s. V. s. v. s. v. s. Antimonii et Potassi Tartras 17 3 ins. ins. " Oxidum alm. ins alm. ins. ins. ins. " Sulphidum ins. ins. ins. ins. " Sulphidum Purificatum ins. ins. ins. ins. Antimonium Sulphuratum ins. ins. ins. ins. Apomorphinse Hydrochloras 45 dec. 45 dec. Argenti Cyanidum ins. ins. ins. ins. ' ' lodidum ins. ins. ins. ins. " Nitras 0.6 0.1 26 5 " Fusus 0.6 0.1 26 5 " Oxidum v. sp. v. sp. ins. ins. Arseni lodidum 7. dec. 3° dec. Atropina 130 3 Atropinae Sulphas 0.4 V. s. 6.2 V. s. Bismuthi Citras ins. ins. ins. ins. " et Ammonii Citras V. s. V. s. sp. sp. 73 Chemicals. Water. Alcohol. At 150 C. (59° F.). Boiling. At 15° C. (59 °F.). Boiling. One part is soluble in : Parts. Parts. Parts. Parts. Bismuthi Subcarbonas ins. ins. ins. ins. ' ' Subnitras alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. Bromum 30 - dec. dec. Caffeina 80 9-5 33 V. s. Calcii Bromidum 0-7 v. s. 1 V. s. " Carbonas Praecipitatus alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. " Chloridum 1-5 V. s. 8 1.5 " Hypophosphis 6.8 6 ins. ins. " Phosphas Praecipitatus alm. ins. dec. ins. ins. Calx 750 I3°o ins. ins. Camphora " Monobrom ata alm. ins. alm. ins. v. s. V. s. alm. ins. alm. ins. v s. V. s. Cerii Oxalas... ins. ins. ins. ins. Chloral v. s. v. s. v. s. V. s. Chrysarobinum alm. ins. alm. iris. sp. 150 Cinchonidinae Sulphas 70 1.42 66. 8. Cinchonina alm. ins. alm. ins. 116 26.5 Cinchoninae Sulphas 66 13-5 IO 3-25 TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF CHEMICALS- Continued. 74 Cocainse Hydrochloras .48 V. s. 3-5 V. s. Codeina 80 17 3 V. s. Creta Preeparata alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. Cupri Sulphas 2.6 0-5 alm. ins. alm. ins. Elaterinum alm. ins. alm. ins. 337 34- Ferri Chloridum V. s. V. s. v. s v. s. " Citras s. V. s. ins. ins. " et Ammonii Citras V. s. V. s. ins. ins. Sulphas 3 0.8 ins. ins. " " " Tartras V. s. V. s. ins. ins. " " Potassii Tartras V. s. V. s. ins. ins. " " Quininae Citras ■. . . s. V. s. alm. ins. alm. ins. " Solubilis V. s. V. s. SD. sp. " " Strychninae Citras V. s. V. s. r*, alm. ins. alm. ins. " Hypophosphis sp. sp. " lodidum Saccharatum ... . 7 alm. ins. " Lactas 4° 12 alm ins. alm. ins. " Phosphas Solubilis v. s. V. S. ins. ins. " Pyrophosphas Solubilis V. s. V. S. ins. ins. ' ' Sulphas 1.8 0.3 ins. ins. ' ' Granulatus 1.8 0.3 ins. ins. " Valerianas ins. dec. v. s. v. s. Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum 16 2 3 1.2 " Mite ins ins. ins. ins. Cyanidum 12.8 3 15 6 lodidum Flavum alm ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. ' ' Rubrum alm. ins. alm. ins. 130 15 75 Chemicals. WATER; Alcohol. At 15 0 C. (59° F.). Boiling. At 15° C. (59 ' F.). Boiling. One part is soluble in : Parts. Parts. Parts. Parts. Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. " Rubrum alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. Subsulphas Flavus 2000 boo ins. ins. Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum alm. ins. alm. ins. alm. ins. alm. ins. Hydrastininae Hydrochloras 0-3 - 3 - Hyoscinae Hydrobromas 1.9 - 13- - Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromas 0-3 - 2 - Sulphas 0-5 V. s. 2-5 V. s. Iodo form um alm. ins. alm. ins. 52. 12. lodum •. sp. - IO. - Lithii Benzoas 4 2.5 12 IO " Bromidum 0.6 0.3 V. s. V. s. " Carbonas 80 140 ins. ins. " Citras 2 2.5 alm. ins. alm. ins. " Salicylas V. s. V. s. V. s. v. s. Magnesia alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. ' ' Ponderosa alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. Magnesii Carbonas alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF CHEMICALS.-Continued. 76 Magnesii Citras Effervescens 2 v. s. alm. ins. alm. ins. Sulphas 1-5 0-7 ins. ins. Sulphis 20 19 ins. ins. Mangani Dioxidum ins. ins. ins. ins. Mangani Sulphas o.8 1 ins. ins. Menthol sp. sp. v. s. v. s. Methyl Salicylas - - V. s. V. s„ Morphina . v. sp. 455 300 36 Morphinae Acetas 2.5 1-5 47-6 14 Hydrochloras 24 0.5 62 31 " Sulphas 21 0.75 702 144 N aphthalinum ... ins. ins. 15 V. s. Naphtol 1000. 75 0.75 V. s. Pancreatinum s. S. ins. ins. Paraldehydum 8-5 16.5 v. s. v. s. Pepsinum 100 - ins. ins. Phosphorus ins. ins. 350 240 Physostigminae Salicylas 150 30 12 V. s. Physostigminse Sulphas V s. V. s. V. s. V. s. Picrotoxinum 240 25 9 3 Pilocarpinse Hydrochloras V. s. V. s. V. s. V. s. Piperinum alm. ins. alm. ins. 30 I Plumbi Acetas .... 2-3 o-5 21 I Carbonas. ins. ms. ins. ins. lodidum 2000 200 v. sp. v. sp. " Nitras 2 0.75 alm. ins. alm. ins. " Oxidum alm. ins. alm. ins. ins. ins. 77 Chemicals. Water. Alcohol. Ati5°C. (59° F ). Boiling. At 15° C. (59° F.)_ Boiling. One part is soluble in : Potassa Parts. 0-5 Parts, N, s. Parts. 2 Parts, v. s. Potassii Acetas 0.36 V. s. 1-9 V. s. " Bicarbonas 3-2 dec. alm. ins. alm. ins. ' ' Bichromas IO 1-5 ins.. ins. " Bitartras 201 16.7 V. sp. V. sp. " Bromidum 1.6 1 200 16 " Carbonas 1.1 0.65 ins. ins. " Chloras 16.7 1-7 V. sp. V. sp. " Citras 0.6 V. s. v. sp. V. sp. " Cyanidum 2 I (dec.) sp. sp. " et Sodii Tartras 1.4 v. s. alm. ins. alm. ins. " Ferrocyanidum 4 2 ins. ins: Potassii Hypophosphis 0.6 0.3 7-3 3-6 " lodidum 0-75 0.5 18 6 " Nitras 3-8 0.4 alm. ins. alm. ins. " Permanganas 16 3 dec. dec. " Sulphas 9-5 4 ins. ins. Pyrogallol i.7 V. s. I V. s. TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF CHEMICALS.-Continued. 78 Quinidinse Sulphas TOO 7 8 V. s. Quinina 1670 760 6 2 Quininse Bisulphas IO V. s. 32 V. s. " Hydrobromas . . 54 V. s. 0.6 V. s< " Hydrochi oras 34 I 3 V. S. " Sulphas .. 740 30 65 3 " Valerianas IOO 4° 5 I Saccharum 0.5 0.2 175 28 Lactis 6 1 ins. ins. Salicinum 28 0.7 QO 2 Salol alm. ins. 10 v. s. Santoninum 250 4° 3 Soda 1.7 0.8 v. s. V. s Sodii Acetas 1.4 0.5 3° 2 " Arsenias 4 v. s. v. sp. 60 " Benzoas 1.8 1 3 45 20 " Bi carbonas 11.3 dec. ins. ins. " Bisulphis 4 2 72 49 " Boras 16 0.5 ins. ins. " Bromidum 1.2 0.5 13 11 " Carbonas 1.6 0.2 ins. ins. " Chloras 1.1 0.5 100 4° " Chloridum 2.8 2.5 alm. ins. alm. ins. " Hypophosphis. I 0.12 30 I " Hyposulphis 0.65 dec. ins. ins. " lodidum 0.6 0.33 3 1.4 " Nitras i-3 0.6 IOO 40 79 Chemicals. Water. Alcohol. At 150C. (59° F.). Boiling. At 15° C. (59° F.). Boiling. One part is soluble in : Parts. Parts. Parts. Parts. Sodii Nitris 1.5 sp. ms. ' ' Phosphas 5.8 1-5 ins. " Pyrophosphas 12 1.1 ins. ins. " Salicylas O.9 v. s. 6 V. s. ' ' Sulphas 2.8 0.47 ins. ins. ' ' Sulphis 4 0.9 sp. sp. " Sulphocarbolas 4.8 0.7 132 10 Sparteinae Sulphas v. s. V. s. V. s. V. s. Strontii Bromidum i-O5 0.5 " lodidum 0.6 0 27 ' ' Lactas 4 0.5 Strychnina 6700 2500 no 12 Strychninae Sulphas 50 2 109 8-5 Sulphur Lotum ins. ins. v. sp. v. sp. " Praecipitatum ins. ins. v. sp. v. sp. " Sublimatum V. so. T erebenum I I Terpini Hydras 250 32 10 2 TABLE OF THE SOLUBILITY OF CHEMICALS.-Continued. 80 Thymol I2OO - I - Veratrina v. sp. V. sp. 3 V. s. Zinci Acetas 2.7 I. 36 3 " Bromidum V. s. V. s v. s. " Carbonas Praecipitatus ins. ins. ins. ins. " Chloridum 0.3 V. s. v. s. v. s. " lodidum V. s. V. s. V. s. V. s. ' ' Oxidum ins. ins. ins. ins. ' * Phosphidum ins. ins. ins. ins. " Sulphas 0.6 0.2 ins. ins. " Valerianas 100 - 40 - 81 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS IN THE METRIC SYSTEM. The metric system of weights and measures will be the system of the future in this country, as else- where. No one now doubts this, and it is quite unnecessary to dwell upon the importance of mas- tering the art of expressing quantities in gravimetric and volumetric terms. It is well, therefore, to learn the doses of drugs in grams and centigrams rather than in grains ; since those who have done this, and who desire to write prescriptions in the metric system, will not be obliged constantly to calculate from grains and minims to grams, and from minims to cubic centi- meters. Very many practitioners and students, however, have learned the apothecaries' system alone. These 82 THE METRIC SYSTEM. find it annoying to make the calculation mentioned, and generally they do not use the metric system although well aware of the advantages over the other which it possesses. It is the object of this chapter to describe a simple method, which the author has never seen in print, whereby the use of the metric is made easier than that of the apothecaries' system to those in the habit of writing prescriptions in the latter. It may perhaps not be amiss to premise a few facts relating to the French system. A meter ( = 39.37 inches) is one ten-millionth part of the distance from pole to equator. A gram (abbreviated Gm.) is the weight of one cubic centimeter (written C. c.) of water at 40 C.- the temperature at its greatest density. Gram and cubic centimeter are, therefore, terms of a like value ; the former referring to metric weight, the latter to metric measure. In prescrip- tion-writing, the cubic centimeter (sometimes called fluidgram) may be taken as a unit for fluids, just as the gram is for solids or fluids. The system is a decimal one, as the two subjoined tables show : Metric Weights. Gm. Milligram = of the unit, written ooi Centigram = " oi Decigram = " " " " i Gram = the unit i 83 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS Metric Measures of Capacity. Milliliter (cubic centimeter) = yAfl' °f the unit. Centiliter = totj " " " Deciliter = tf " " " Liter (= 1000 C.c.-about a quart) = the unit. The names of the multiples of the unit, not being used in prescription-writing, are not added to these tables. Relative Value of Apothecaries' Weights and Grams. Practically, one gram is equal to 15 grains Troy (more exactly 15.432), therefore : Gr. i. = .06 grams, exactly .06479 3i. = 4- " " 3-8874 §i. = 31- " " 31-103 The foregoing being understood, we next pro- ceed to explain the simple method aforesaid. A two-ounce bottle is supposed to contain 16 doses of a drachm (teaspoonful) each. In reality, however, 15 is nearer the fact, since the average teaspoon holds more than a drachm. If, now, we order a two-ounce bottle with a tea- spoonful dose, each dose to contain one grain of any substance, the whole amount of that substance ordered will be 15 grains : which is equal to one gram. So for each dose of & grain or minim let us order a gram of the substance desired-and the prescrip- tion is finished. 84 IN THE METRIC SYSTEM. Example: Gm. 3 Ammon. Carb. (gr. i. in each dose), I Ext. Scillse Fl. (miss. " " " ), 15 Ext. Senegae Fl. (m v. " " " ), 5 Tr. Opii Camph. (m xij. " " " ), 12 Aq. Cinnamomi (ad § ij.), ad 60 M. S. Teaspoonful a dose. If we wish to order a four-ounce bottle, with a dessertspoonful dose, the same holds true : the bottle and the dose being each twice as large as in the case just given. With an eight-ounce bottle and tablespoonful dose, the same rule, of course, applies.* Example: Gm. B Ext. Scillse Fl. (TTL i. in each dose), 1 Ext. Glycyrrh. Fl. (TT[ x. " " " ), 10 Aq. Laurocerasi (nixl. " " " ), 40 Aq. (ad § viij.), ad 250 M. S. Tablespoonful a dose, If it is desired to give a two-ounce bottle with a tablespoonful dose, it is merely necessary to order one quarter as many grams as before ;-the dose, a tablespoonful, being four times the usual size. If a four-ounce bottle and teaspoonful dose, order twice as many grams as usual ; if, on the other hand, it is a four-ounce bottle and tablespoonful dose, order half as many grams as usual. If a six-ounce bottle and teaspoonful dose, order three times as many grams as usual. * Apothecaries as a rule keep only two-, four-, six-, and eight-ounce bottles-the odd numbers, one and three, being rarely ordered. There are no five- and seven-ounce bottles made. 85 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS It is needless to suppose more cases ; the princi- ple will be evident to all. Example: Gm. TJ Acid. Hydrocyan. Dil. (14 ss. in each dose), 1 Ext. Ipecac. Fl. (Tip " " ), 15 Syrupi Scillas (ntxxv." " " ), 50 Mist. Glycyrrh. Comp, (ad § iv.), ad 120 M. S. Teaspoonful a dose. Let the reader complete by the apothecaries' sys- tem the preceding prescriptions, and it will be seen at once how much simpler is the metric method just described. No multiplying of grains or minims and reducing to drachms, etc., is needed, and a glance at the column of grams shows instantly the number of grains or minims in each dose. It is much simpler, moreover, than laboriously to find the total amount of grains, drachms, etc., re- quired in the prescription, and then to change these into grams and fractions thereof, according to the metric method ordinarily given in handbooks on prescription-writing. Upon examination, it will be found that the figures obtained by the use of this method, while not entirely exact, are quite sufficiently so for prac- tical purposes. Moreover, the error, which is in- significant in amount, is on the side of safety. For example, in ordering an 3 viij. bottle with a 3 i. dose, each dose to contain one grain of opium, the total amount of opium ordered would be 64 grains ; whereas, by this metric method, the pre- 86 IN THE METRIC SYSTEM. scriber would write for 4 grams, which is, exactly, equivalent to 61.728 grains. There remains one subject for consideration. Suppose we wish to order some fluid of a sp. gr. quite different from that of water :-syrup, for in- stance. A given weight-say sixteen grams-of syrup does not have the same bulk as 16 grams of water, but is only equal in bulk to 12 grams of water, since syrup is one third heavier than water. Hence it is evident that, desiring a certain bulk of syrup in our prescription, we must order one third more of it than we would of a fluid having a sp. gr. like that of water. In the case of glycerin, which is one quarter heavier than water, we must order one quarter more of it. For example, suppose that in the following pre- scription we wish to administer an equal bulk each of glycerin and aq. cinnamomi : Cw. 5 Tr. Ferri Chlor. (HI v. in each dose), 5 Kali Chlorat. (gr. iij. " " " ), 3 Aq. Cinnamomi (14, xl. " " " ). 40 Glycerini (14, 40-)- | of 40 = 50), 50 Aq. {ad | viij.), ad 250 M. S. Tablespoonful a dose. Practically, these two corrections-for glycerin and for syrups-are the only ones that need be made in prescription-writing; the difference in bulk being so slight, in the case of other fluids 87 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS commonly used in medication, that it may be ig- nored. The subjoined table, taken from Mann's Pre- scription Writing, is introduced, however, as being of interest. To get a bulk of any of the following drugs equivalent to that of a given weight of water, we must order by weight of Spirits, Tinctures, and Oils, or less Ether, t " 1 " Spirit of Nitric Ether, ) 4 << i << Comp'd Spirit of Ether, ' Glycerin, J " | more Syrups, 4 " I " Chloroform, f " | " than the weight of the same bulk of water. We may, if we wish, avoid even the slight calcu- lation necessary in writing for a desired bulk of syrups or glycerin, by ordering cubic centimeters in- stead of grams, provided the prescription be for fluids alone. Example: C.c. 3 Tinct. Nucis Vomicae (ttl iij. in a dose), 3 Tinct. Cinchonae Comp. ( 3 i. " " " )> 60 Syrp. Sarsaparilla?Comp. (3 ij-" " " )> 120 Aq. viij.), 25° M. S. Tablespoonful a dose. Otherwise, if both solids and liquids are needed in the prescription, we may write thus : 88 IN THE METRIC SYSTEM. Gm. C.c. IJ Pulv. Rhei (gr. v. in a dose), 5 Na. Bicarb. (gr. x. " " " ), 10 Bism. Subnitr. (gr. xij. " " " ), 12 Syrup. Tolu. ( 3 i. " " " ), 60 Aq. (ad § viij.), ad 250 M. S. "Shake." Tablespoonful a dose. The apothecary, in filling a prescription for grams, puts the bottle in his scale and balances it with shot ; then puts in the required weight, and pours in the required medicine until it balances ; then another weight, and so on. If, instead of grams, cubic centimeters be ordered, he does not weigh but measures out the desired amount in a graduate marked in cubic centimetres. Many druggists, particularly in the country, do not keep the metric weights, but only these gradu- ates ; and when they have to dispense a metric prescription, simply measure out, in the case of fluids, the same number of C. c. that the prescrip- tion demands of grams ; and in the case of solids, they calculate from grams to grains and then weigh out an equivalent number of grains or scruples, etc. Thus far we have spoken only of the easy mode of metric writing as applied to solutions or to fluid mixtures. It may be made equally to apply to powders, pills, and similar preparations. Order your prescription on a basis of 15 powders or pills ; then each grain desired in a single pill or 89 AN EASY METHOD OF WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS powder will correspond with one gram in the sum total. Example: Gm. B Na. Bicarb. (gr. ij. in each powder), 2 Pulv. Aromat. (gr. iv. " " " ), 4 Bismuthi Subnitr. (gr. vi. " " " ), 6 M. Div. in pulv. no. xv. If we wish to write for a number of powders greater or less than 15, it is only necessary to in- crease or diminish the number of grams accordingly -thus, if we would order one third more powders (20), we simply write for one third more grams ; if we want two thirds less powders (5) order two thirds less grams ; if double the powders, double the grams, and so on. For the sake of simplicity it is well to order of the powders a number which is either a factor or multiple of a factor of 15. Example: Gm. 3 Calomel (gr. i. in each powder; less | = gr. f), 0 65 Pulv. Rhei (gr. vi. " " " " | = gr. iv.), 4 CretaePrsep (gr. iij. " " " " | = gr. ij.), 2 M. Div. in pulv. no. x. (15 - i of 15 = 10). In writing for dry preparations by the method just described, there is a slight error (unimportant in amount) in the sum total of grams. However, since it is not on the side of safety, it is as well to bear it in mind. Namely, for every grain we order in a dose, we get about i-g-1K grain ; since one gram equals 15.432 grains. 90 SOME DANGEROUS ABBREVIATIONS MAY MEAN Acid. Hydroc. Acidum Hydrochloricum, or Acidum Hydrocyanicum. Aconitine. Aconiti Radix. Aconiti Folia. Aconit. | Ammonia (alkali). Ammoniac (gum-resin). Ammon. Aq. Chlor. Aqua Chlori. Aqua Chloriformi. Aq. Fontis. May be read Aqua Fortis. Calc. Chlor. Chloride of Calcium. Chlorinated Lime. Chlorine. Chloroform. Chloral. Chlor. Emp. Lyt. Emplastrum Lytharg. (lead plaster). Emplastrum Lyttse. (blistering plaster). Ext. Col. Extractum Colchici. Extractum Colocynthidis. Hyd. Chlor. Calomel. Corrosive Sublimate. Chloral Hydrate. 91 SOME DANGEROUS ABBREVIATIONS. Hydrargyrum (mercury). Hydras (hydrate). Hydrochloras (hydrochlorate). Hydrocyanas (hydrocyanate). Hydriodas (hydriodate). Hydr. Mist. Ammon, Ammonia Mixture. Mixture of Ammoniac. Hydrate of Potash (caustic potassa). Hydriodate of Potash (iodide of potassium). Potass. Hyd. Sod. Sulph. Sodium Sulphate. Sodium Sulphite. Sodium Sulphide. Sulph. Sulphate. Sulphite. Sulphide. Zinci. Phosph. Zinc Phosphate. Zinc Phosphide. 92 LIST OF ARTICLES ADDED TO THE PHARMACOPOEIA. Acetanilidum. Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. " Stearicum. Adeps Lanae Hydrosus. Alcohol Absolutum. " Deodoratum. Aloe Barbadensis. Aloinum. Aqua Aurantii Florum (di- luted). " Chloroformi. " Hydrogenii Dioxidi. " Rosae (diluted). Aspidosperma. Barii Dioxidum. Caffeina Citrata. Caffeina Citrata Effervescens. Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus. Cinnamomum Saigonicum. Cocainae Hydrochloras. Convallaria. Elastica. Elixir Aromaticum. " Phosphori. Eriodictyon. Eucalyptol. Extractum Apocyni Fluidum. ' ' Asclepiadis Fluidum. Aspidospermatis Fluidum. " Cimicifugae. * ' Convallariae Fluidum. Eriodictyi Fluidum. Jalapae. Lappae Fluidum. Menispermi Fluidum. Phytolaccae Radi- cis Fluidum. Rhamni Purshi- anae Fluidum. Scoparii Fluidum. Uvae Ursi. Viburni Opuli Fluidum. Ferri et Quininae Citras Solu- bilis. Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici. 93 LIST OF ARTICLES ADDED TO THE PHARMACOPOEIA Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. Boroglycerini. Hydrastis. Hydrastininae Hydrochloras. Hyoscinae Hydrobromas. Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromas. Lithii Citras Effervescens. Menthol. Methyl Salicylas. Naphtalinum. Naphtol. Oleatum Zinci. Oleum Betulae Volatile. " Cadinum. " Terebinthinae Rectifi- catum. Pancreatinum. Paraldehydum. Pepsinum. Petrolatum Liquidum. Spissum. Physostigminae Sulphas. Pilulae Cartharticae Vegeta- bles. " Ferri Carbonatis. Potassii Citras Effervescens. Pyrogallol. Resorcinum. Rhamnus Purshiana. Salol. Sodii Nitris. Sparteinee Sulphas. Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae. '1 Aurantii Compositus, " Glonoini. " Phosphori. Strontii Bromidum. " lodidum. " Lactas. Strophanthus. Suppositoria Glycerini. Terebenum Terpini Hydras. Tinctura Lactucarii. " Quillajae. " Strophanthi. Trochisci Santonini. Viburnum Opulus. Zea. 94 LIST OF ARTICLES DISMISSED FROM THE PHARMACOPOEIA. Abstractum Aconiti. Belladonnae. " Conii. Digitalis. " Hyoscyami. Ignatiae. Jalapse. Nucis Vomicae. Podophylli. Senegae. Valerianae. Acetum Lobeliae. " Sanguinariae. TEther. Ammonii Phosphas. " Sulphas. Amylum lodatum. Aurantii Flores. Azedarach. Cannabis Americana. Ceratum Extracti Cantharidis. " Sabinae. Charta Cantharidis. Chinoidium. Chloroformum Venale. Cinchona Flava. Cornus. Cupri Acetas. Cydonium. Elixir Aurantii. Emplastrum Ammoniaci. Asafcetidae. Galbani. Picis Canadensis. Extractum Cornus Fluidum. " Lactucarii Fluidum. " Malti. " Mezerei. Fel Bovis Inspissatum. Ferri Oxalas. Galbanum. Gaultheria. Gutta-Percha. Hydrargyri Sulphidum Ru- brum. Ignatia. Infusum Brayerae. Juniperus. Lavandula. Linimentum Cantharidis. Plumbi Subace- tatis. 95 LIST OF ARTICLES DISMISSED FROM THE PHARMACOPOEIA Liquor Ferri et Quininse Ci- tratis. ' ' Gutta-Perchae. " Pepsini. Magnesii Sulphis. Magnolia. Mai turn. Mistura Magnesiae et Asafoe- tidae. " Potassii Citratis. Mucilago Cydonii. Oleum La van dulce. " Rutae. " Succini. " Valerianae. Origanum. Pilulae Ferri Compositae. Pilulae Galbani Compositae. Pix Canadensis. Potassii Sulphis. " Tartras. Prinos. Rosmarinus. Salix. Sodii Bicarbonas Venalis. ' ' Santoninas. Spiritus Odoratus. Syrupus Ferri Bromidi. " Limonis. Thuja. Tinctura Conii. " Ferri Acetatis. " Ignatiae. Trochisci Magnesiae. " Sodii Santoninatis. Unguentum Acidi Gallici. " Mezerei. * ' Sulphuris Alkali- num. Ustilago. Vinum Album Fortius. " Aloes. " Aromaticum. " Rhei. Viola Tricolor. 96 LIST OF CHANGES OF OFFICIAL LATIN TITLES. Pharmacopoeia 1880. Acidum Arseniosum AEther Fortior Aloe Aluminii Hydras ' ' Sulphas Aqua Aurantii Florum ' ' Creasoti " Rosae Arsenii lodidum Brayera Carbonei Bisulphidum Chloroformum Purificatum... Cinnamomum C I Collodium cum Cantharide... Creasotum Emplastrum Picis cum Can- tharide, etc. Erythroxylon Extractum Aloes Aquosum... " Belladonnae Alco- holicum, etc. " Belladonnae Flui- dum Pharmacopoeia 1890. Acidum Arsenosum. AEther. Aloe Socotrina. Alumini Hydras. " Sulphas. Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior. " Creosoti. " Rosae Fortior. Arseni lodidum. Cusso. Carbonei Disulphidum. Chloroformum. Cinnamomum Cassia. " Zeylanicum. Collodium Cantharidatum. Creosotum. Emplastrum Picis Canthari- datum. Coca. Extractum Aloes. Belladonnae Folio- rum Alcoholi- cum. Belladonnas Radi- cis Fluidum. 97 LIST OF CHANGES OF OFFICIAL LATIN TITLES Pharmacopoeia 1880. Extractum Brayerae Fluidum. " Conii Alcoholicum Erythroxyli Flui- dum Hyoscyami Alco- holicum " Sarsaparillae Com- positum Fluidum " Stramonii " Stramonii Fluidum " Viburni Fluidum.. Ferri Phosphas " Pyrophosphas " Sulphas Praecipitatus... Gossypium Hydrargyri lodidum Viride.. Liquor Acidi Arseniosi " Arsenii et Hydrargyri lodidi " Sodii Arseniatis Magnesii Citras Granulatus... Mangani Oxidum Nigrum.... Mistura Ammoniaci " Amygdalae " Asafcetidae " Chloroformi " Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis Oleum Bergamii " Theobromae Opium Denarcotisatum Petrolatum (in part) Pharmacopoeia 1890. Extractuni Cusso Fluidum. Conii. " Cocae Fluidum. Hyoscyami. Sarsaparillae Flui- dum Composilum. " ' Stramonii Seminis. " Stramonii Seminis Fluidum. " Viburni Prunifolii Fluidum. Ferri Phosphas Solubilis. " Pyrophosphas Solubilis. " Sulphas Granulatus. Gossypium Purificatum. Hydrargyri lodidum Flavum Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. " Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi. " Sodii Arsenatis. Magnesii Citras Effervescens. Mangani Dioxidum. Emulsum Ammoniaci. " Amygdalae. " Asafcetidae. " Chloroformi. Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. Oleum Bergamottae. ' ' Theobromatis. Opium Deodoratum. Petrolatum Molle. 98 LIST OF CHANGES OF OFFICIAL LATIN TITLES Pharmacopoeia 1880. Phytolacca: Bacca Quillaia Sapo Viridis Sodii Arsenias Tinctura Belladonnas " Colchici " Opii Deodorata " Saponis Viridis " Stramonii Viburnum Pharmacopoeia 1890. Phytolaccae Fructus. Quillaja. Sapo Mollis. Sodii Arsenas. Tinctura Belladonnas Folio- rum. " Colchici Seminis. " Opii Deodorati. Linimentum Saponis Mollis. Tinctura Stramonii Seminis. Viburnum Prunifolium. 99 TABLE SHOWING THE STRENGTH OF THE MORE IMPORTANT PHARMACOPCEIAL PREPARATIONS IN THE PRESENT AND IN THE PRECEDING PHARMACOPCEIA. Note.-The less important articles or preparations (Cerates, Ointments, Pills, Spirits, Syrups, Troches, etc.) are not noticed here. Of tinctures, only the more energetic ones are included. In the case of all other preparations intended for internal use, the strength directed by the present Pharmacopoeia is practically the same as that directed by the preceding one. Title of Article. Chief Constituent. Pharm. 1880. Pharm. 1890. Acetum Opii Opium of 13 to 15 % Morphine (cryst.) I Gm. in ab. 9 Cc. 1 Gm. in 10 Cc. Acidum Nitricum HNO3, by weight HsPO4, " " 69.4$ 68.0 % " Phosphoricum. ... 50.0$ at least 85.0% " Sulphuricum H8SO4> " " at least 96.0$ at least 92.5 % ' ' Sulphurosum SO3, " " Absolute Alcohol, by weight about 3.4$ at least 6.4$ Alcohol Dilutum 45-5$ about 41.0% Calx Chlorata Available Chlorine, by weight.. .. at least 25.0$ at least 35.0$ " Sulphurata CaS, by weight at least 36.0% at least 60.0$ Decocta Drug about 1 in 10 about 1 in 20 Extractum JNlucis Vomicae.. Alkaloids, by weight it 11 It, strength not fixed cI ll ll 15.0% Extr. Nucis Vomicae Fluid. 1.5 Gm. in 100 Cc. Extractum Opii Morphine (cryst.), by weight It II 11 about 1 in 10 18.0 % Infusa Drug about 1 in 20 Liquor Sodae Chloratae... Available Chlorine, by weight Morphine (cryst.), " " at least 2 % at least 2.6% Opii Pulvis 12 to 16 % 13 to 15 % 100 Opium (moist) Morphine (cryst.), by weight at least 9 % at least 9 % Pepsinum Digestive Power on Albumen at least 1 to 3000 H Cl Ci Ci 11 Saccharatum.... 1 to 50 at least 1 to 300 Tinctura Aconiti Aconite I i Gm. in 2 86 Cc. Tine. Belladonnas Foliorum Belladonna Leaves I " " " 7.0 " 1 " " 6.67 " Tinctura Cannabis Indicas. Cannabis Indica I " " " 6.0 " 1 " " 6.67 " " Colchici Seminis. Colchicum Seed I " " " 7.0 " 1 " " 6.67 " " Cubebae Cubeb I " " " 11.1 " I " " 5.0 " " Digitalis Digitalis I " " " 7.0 " I " " 6.67 " ' ' Gelsemii Gelsemium I " " " 7.8 " I " " 6.67 " " Hyoscyami Hyoscyamus I " " " 70 " I " " 6.67 " " lodi Iodine I " " " 14.2 " i " " 14 3 " " Lobelise Lobelia I " " " 5-3 " I " " 5.0 " " Mosclii Musk ... I " " " 10.8 " I " " 20.0 " Nucis Vomicae... Alkaloids 2 % of dry extract 0.3 % of alkaloids " Opii Opium of 13 to 15$ Morphine (cryst.) ti I I C . Ci i c 1 Gm. in ab. 10.4 Cc. 1 Gm. in 10.0 Cc. " Camphorata. I " " "257.0 " 1 " " 250.0 " " " Deodorati .. I I I, Cl ll it I " " " 10.6 " 1 " " 10.0 " " Physostigmatis... Physostigma I " " " 12.15 " 1 " " 6.67" ' ' Stramonii Seminis Stramonium Seed I " " " 11.1 " 1 " " 6.67" " Veratri Viridis... Veratrum Viride I " " " 2.2 " I " " 2.5 " Vinum Colchici Radicis... Colchicum Root I " " " 2.46 " I " " 2.5 " " " Seminis... ' ' Seed I " " " 6.65 " I " " 6.67 " " Ipecacuanhas Ipecac I " " " 12.8 " I " " 10.0 " " Opii Opium of 13 to 15$ Morphine (cryst.) I " " " 10.0 " I " " 10.0 " Note.-Acetum Opii, Tinctura Opii, Tinctura Opii Deodorati, and Vinum Opii are required to yield, on being assayed, 1.3 to 1.5% of crystallized morphine. 101 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS. This list is compiled from articles by Dr. R. G. Eccles, Prof. W. A Viall, Dr. W. A. N. Dorland, and others, and also from numerous medical journals. Acetal.-(Ethylidine Diethylic Ether), CH3, CH, (OC2H5)3. This is a limpid liquid soluble in 18 parts of water and in alcohol in all proportions. It is used as a narcotic. Its dose varies from i)4 to drams. Acetophenone.-Vide Hypnone. Acetyl-Amidophenol.-C18H9NO4. A white, amorphous powder, soluble in alcohol and concentrated acetic acid, but slightly and slowly soluble in water. Used as an antithermic in doses of 3 to 8 grains. Acid, Agaric.-From Agaricus Albus. A white, silky, crystalline substance, scarcely soluble in cold, but readily soluble in hot water. Used for checking night sweats in consumptives. Dose of a grain. Acid, Anisic.-(Methyl Ether of Para-oxy-benzoic Acid), CSH4 (OCH3) COOH. White or colorless crystals, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. It is used to subdue bacteria and reduce fever. Acid, Camphoric.-An oxidation product of camphor. Color- less crystals, almost insoluble in water, but quite soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used to check night sweats and as an antiseptic gargle or spray in 2- or 3-per-cent. solution. The dose is 15 to 30 grains. 102 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Acid, Cetrartic.-(Cetrarine), C18HlfiO8. The bitter prin- ciple of Iceland moss, occurring in white crystalline needles, almost insoluble in cold, but soluble in boiling water. Used in augmenting the secretions of the pancreas, salivary glands, etc. Acid, Di-iodo-Salicylic.-OH, C6H2I2, CO2H. A white powder, scarcely soluble in water or glycerine, but soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used to relieve pain and reduce fever, in doses ranging from a scruple to a dram. Acid, Orthophenol-Sulphonic.-Vide Aseptol. Acids, Oxynaphthoic (A and B).-They are white, bitter, odorless powders. A 10-per-cent. ointment is said to be an effectual cure for the itch. Their antiseptic power is great, and their salts are pronounced good antipyretics or fever reducers. Acid, Phenylhydrazin Levulinic.-Vide Antithermine. Acid, Phenyl Propionic. - A reddish-white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, soluble in 6 parts alcohol, having a slightly acidulous taste and aromatic taste and odor. It is used to improve the appetite of consump- tives in doses of 2 to 4 grains. Acid, Sulpholeinic.-Vide Polysolve. Acid, Trichloracetic.-CC13 COOH. A colorless, trans- parent crystalline substance, deliquescent and strongly caustic, with a slight odor. It is soluble in water and alcohol, and is used for cauterizing purposes in throat and nose diseases, also as a hemostatic. Adhatoda Vasica.-(Indian Walnut.) Expectorant, anti- spasmodic, and aromatic. Dose, fluid extract, 5 to 10 minims. Adonidin.-A glucoside from Adonis Vernalis. A light yellow amorphous powder, used in heart and kidney diseases as preferable to digitalis, in single doses of to | of a grain per day. 103 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Agaricin. -An active principle from agaric, that crystallizes in long transparent needles, and is used in doses of to g of a grain, given in pill form five or six hours before bedtime, for night sweats. Alaninate of Mercury.-C6H7NO4. (Amido-propionate of Mercury.) A white crystalline powder, forming color- less solutions in three times its weight of water. Said to cure bad cases of specific disease in four to six weeks in doses of to J grain per day, given hypo- dermically. Allyl Tribromide.-This is a clear liquid, and is used in whooping cough, hysteria, and asthma in five-drop- doses. Alstonia Constricta.-Tonic, astringent, anthelmintic, and antiperiodic. Dose 5 to 10 minims, fluid extract. Alstonia Scholaris.-(Dita Bark.) Tonic, anthelmintic, and febrifuge. Combines the properties of quinine and strychnine. Dose 2 to 8 minims, fluid extract. Aluminium Acetico-Tartaricum.-This comes in trans- parent, faintly yellowish, crystalline granules, that are soluble in water, but insoluble in glycerine, alcohol, or ether. It is caustic, astringent, and antiseptic, and is said to surpass all other remedies in the treatment of some diseases of the nose. A 50-per-cent. solution is pronounced a good wash for chilblains. Alumnol.-A new antiseptic, appearing in the form of a white, readily soluble powder. It easily permeates the tissues, and favorable results have been obtained from its use in surgery, gynecology, dermatology, and otology. Almost a specific in the treatment of blennorrhagic en- dometritis. Employed in solutions varying in strength from 1 to 50 per cent. Alveloz.-The milky exudation of Euphorbia hetrodoxa Mueller, a native plant of Brazil. It looks like soft lard or lanolin. Grave cases of lupus, cancer, and 104 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS other tumors have been reported cured by its use. It is a powerful escharotic, and is generally used ex- ternally. Amylene Hydrate.-C5HUOH. A clear liquid with an unpleasant taste and odor. Fully soluble in glycerine and alcohol, or in 8 parts of water. One fluid dram produces sleep that lasts from six to eight hours. Its friends claim it to be superior to paraldehyde. Anagyrine.-C14H18N2O8. An alkaloid from Anagyrus foetida. An amorphous, yellowish powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Very deliquescent. Poison- ous in large doses and cathartic in very small ones. Anemonin.-C15H12O6. The active principle of Anemone pulsatilla. It forms long crystalline needles that are soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. Given in doses of | grain in paralysis, and smaller doses for whooping- cough. Anhalonium Lewinii.-(Muscale Buttons.) Respiratory stimulant, Cardiac stimulant and tonic. Dose, fluid extract, I drop. Annidalin.-Vide Aristol. Anthrarobin.-A yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute alkaline solutions. A good anti- septic, and used by dermatologists in place of chrysaro- bin or chrysophanic acid for skin diseases. Antikamnia.-It is said to be a white powder, slightly soluble in water, more freely in alcohol, and acting as a pain reliever and fever reducer in doses ranging from 3 to 10 grains. Antipyrine.-(Phenyl-dimethyl-pyrayolon.) (C6H5) (CH3)3 C8HN2O. A white crystalline powder, very soluble in water, less so in alcohol and in 4 parts of glycerine. The process of making it is patented by Knorr. Has won popularity by virtue of the power of relieving pain, reducing fever, checking rheumatism, and arresting 105 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS hemorrhage when locally applied. Dose, 5 to 20 grains. The following substances have been declared incom- patible with Antipyrine : Carbolic Acid, Glycerite of Tannin, Hydrocyanic Acid, Corrosive Sublimate, Nitric Acid, Calomel, Tannic Acid, Donovan's Solution, Ammonia Alum, Permanganate of Potash, Nitrite of Amyl, Nitrous Acid, Iodide of Arsenic, Sweet Spirits of Nitre, Chloral Hydrate, Syrup Iodide of Iron, Sulphate of Copper, Tincture of Catechu, Decoction of Cinchona, " " Cinchona, Nitrites, " " Iron, Fluid Extract of Cinchona, " " Hammamelis, Iron Sulphate, " " Iodine, " Chloride, " " Kino, " Persulphate, " " Rhubarb. Antisepsin.-C6H4BrNHC3H3O. Bromated antifebrine. An antipyretic and analgesic, closely resembling anti- febrin in its action. In large doses it will produce an evanescent cyanosis and death by paralysis of respiration. It is best given in i-grain doses four times daily. Locally it may be used in powder form as an applica- tion to wounds and ulcers. Antithermine.-(Phenylhydrazine-levulinic Acid.) C6H5 N8H (CHs), C, (CPI2)8 COOH. Yellow prismatic crystals. Said to be a powerful antipyretic in smaller doses than other drugs of the same character. Arbutin.,-C35H34O14. A glucoside derived from Archtosta- phylos uva ursi, Spreng. A white powder, soluble in water and alcohol, and is said to cure vesical catarrh if given in daily doses of 15 to 40 grains. Arecolin.-An alkaloid from Areca nuts, used as a worm- medicine. 106 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Aristol.*-A union of iodine and thymol, insoluble in water or glycerine, soluble in fatty oils and ether, and slightly soluble in alcohol. As an antiseptic and parasiticide it is said to be excellent. For skin diseases io$ in alco- hol is said to work well. Asclepias Curassavica.-(Blood Flower.) A powerful hae- mostatic and vermifuge. Dose, I to 2 drams, fluid extract. Aseptol.-C6H4OHSO3OH-is prepared by the direct com- bination of carbolic acid and concentrated sulphuric acid, and is an antiseptic somewhat weaker than carbolic acid. It may be used internally in the form of a lemon- ade in the treatment of pharyngitis and diphtheritic laryngitis. Externally it is usually employed in a i- to 10-per cent, solution. Benzanilid.-C6H5, NH, C7H5O. A white crystalline powder with slight pinkish tinge, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether, and soluble in 58 parts of alcohol. It is put forward as superior to acetanilide as an antipyretic because it produces no gastric dis- turbances. The dose varies from 1 to 10 grains, according to age and use. Benzoate of Bismuth.-Benzoate of bismuth has been used by Finger in the local treatment of soft chancre with great success. In each case the surface of the sore was thoroughly washed, and a thin layer of the benzoate applied by means of a soft brush. After this the spot was entirely covered with cotton, which was held in place by an adhesive strip or bandage. The strips should be changed once or twice in twenty-four hours. While at first they may produce slight burning and pricking, no discomfort ensues. The surface of the ulcer rapidly becomes healthy, and the discharge of pus * The percentage of Iodine in the following drugs is : Iodoform, 96.7 Iodol, 88 9%; Aristol, 45.8%; Europhen, 27.6$. 107 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS is checked after the third or fourth clay, and cicatriza- tion takes place. Benzoate of Naphthol-Beta.-C10H7O (C7H5O). A valu- able intestinal antiseptic, is prepared by combining benzoic acid with naphthol-beta. It is possessed of but slight toxicity, and its properties as an antiseptic for the intestinal tract are compared favorably with those of any other substance in use for this purpose. The benzoic acid which it contains is eliminated by the urine in the form of the alkaline hippurates ; hence diuresis is favored, and urinary toxicity markedly decreased. It may be administered in daily doses of 75 grains to an adult, or 30 grains to a child. Benzosol.-(O.COC8H5) C6H4 (O.CH3), Benzoyl-Guaiacol. Has been proven an antituberculotic remedy of con- siderable power, as well as an antipyretic and antiseptic, in doses of from 4 to 10 grains in powder form. A beneficial influence is exerted upon the general nutrition, and in this way the resisting powers of the individual greatly increased. Brom-Acetanilid.-Vide Antisepsin. Bromamid.-C6HaBr3NH.HBr. Is a bromine compound of the anilide group, with strongly marked antipyretic and antineuralgic properties. It is readily borne by the stomach, and does not give rise to excessive sweating. Its diuretic action is not pronounced. The dose varies from 10 to 15 grains several times in the day. Bromelin.-Concentrated pineapple juice. A thick syrupy liquid. Recommended as a substitute for pepsin in dissolving diphtheritic membranes. Bromoform.-CHC13. A clear liquid, slightly soluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol. It has lately been used for the cure of whooping-cough in 1- to 5-drop doses diluted and taken three times a day. Cascara Amorga.-(Honduras Bark.) An undetermined 108 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS species of Picramnia. Atonic and alterative in specific diseases. Dose 40 to 50 drops, fluid extract. Cetraric Acid.-An antichloritic and peristaltic stimulant, said to have the power of increasing the number of blood-corpuscles, especially the red, in very pale people. Dose to 3 grains. Chinoline.-C9H7N. (Quinoline.) An alkaloid that can be made from both quinine and anilin. It is a transparent, oily liquid, having a characteristic odor, and soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in water. A i-per-cent. solution will dissolve blood clots. It is antipyretic and anti- neuralgic in doses of 5 to 10 grains. Chloral-Amide.-(Formidate of Chloral.) Colorless, bitter crystals, soluble in 3 parts of glycerine, parts of alcohol, and 19 parts of water. Given in doses ranging from 25 to 75 grains to produce sleep and check the night sweats of consumptives. Fifteen-grain doses three times a day are said to have cured chorea in children. It is said to be useless in insomnia due to pain. Average dose as a simple soporific, gr. xxv-xxx. If swallowed quickly this powder is nearly tasteless. Wash down with water. Chloral-Imide.-Long colorless, tasteless needles, slightly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol, and most soluble in ether. It is given in doses of from 4 to 8 grains to reduce fever and arrest pain. Chlorphenol.-C6H4C1.OH. Is highly recommended by the Italian physicians as an inhalant in tuberculous affec- tions in 6- to 12-drop doses. The symptoms ameliorate . rapidly under its use. Cinchonamine.-C10H24N3O. An alkaloid from Remija Purdieana Wedd. It is a substitute for quinine in doses one fourth the size. Cocaine Phenate.-An anticatarrhal remedy and antiseptic form of cocaine, having the same uses and dosage as the hydrochlorate. 109 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Cocillana.-The bark of Sycocarpus Rusbyi, of the order Meliacem. A substitute for ipecac as an emetic and expectorant. Large doses act as a cathartic, while small ones promote the appetite. Dose, fluid extract, 5 to 25 minims. Colchicine.-C17H28NO6. The alkaloid of Colchicum seed. A bitter, yellowish-white powder, soluble in alcohol and chloroform. It is said to be a specific for gout in doses of Tl-K of a grain administered hypo- dermically. Copernica cerifera Martius.-(Carnauba Root.) An alter- ative and diuretic, used as a substitute for Sarsaparilla. Dose, fluid extract, 1 dram to 1 ounce. Coronilla.-From Coronilla Scorpioides, an annual plant of southerfi France. Contains a glucoside that has been named Coronillin. Dose, tincture, 15 to 30 minims, used as a cardiac stimulant and diuretic. Creolin.-A complex body containing Naphthalin, Cresylol, Xylenol, Phlorol, Leucolin, Anthracine, Pyridine, etc., etc. It is procured from coal-tar creosote, is soluble in alcohol and emulsifies with water. It is claimed to be less poisonous and more active as a bacteriacide than phenol. As an antiseptic douche, 1 or less, mixed with water. Cresalol.-(Salicylate of Cresol.) A white crystalline sub- stance, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol. It has a pleasant odor, is tasteless, and is administered in doses of 4 to 6 grains as a substitute for salol, to which it is said to be superior. Antiseptic and anti- rheumatic. Cresol.-(Cresylic Acid.) C6H4 (CHS) OH. A liquid slightly soluble in water. Found with carbolic acid in coal-tar. It is said to be a powerful antiseptic and good hemostatic used in 2 % solution. Cyperus Articulatus, Lin.-(Adrue.) A tropical rush used 110 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS as an antidyspeptic and anti-emetic. Especially valua- ble in yellow-fever and whooping-cough. Dose of fluid extract, 20 to 30 drops in water every fifteen minutes. Dermatol.-CSH2 (OH)8, CO2Bi (OH)2, bismuth subgallate -is an antiseptic powder of considerable value. It does not give rise to irritation and is not absorbed. It has been largely employed in surgery, dermatology, and gynecology, but is not as serviceable in local tubercu- lous affections as iodoform. It has been employed in 2-dram doses daily in affections of the stomach and intestines. Dichroe Febrifuga.-A plant of the order Saxifragaceae, the bark of the root of which has been introduced as an antipyretic. Disinfectol.- An antiseptic substance analogous to creolin and lysol, used in the form of a 2 to 5 % emulsion. Diuretin.-The sodio-salicylate of theobromine, and should be ordered, to save expense, under this name. Strongly recommended by Dr. E. L. Keyes. Dose, 5 to 10 grains every few hours to 90 to 120 grains daily. Dulcin.-From phenitiolin and urea. Is a derivative of benzol, like saccharin, and is harmless. It is 200 to 250 times sweeter than cane sugar. Echschlotzia Californica Chamisso.-(California Poppy.) A quieting analgesic and soporific adapted to children. Dose, fluid extract, | to 2 drams a day. Echujin.-A poisonous glucoside from Adenium Boehemia- num. It has been used as a substitute for digitalis and strophanthine in heart disease. Elephantopus Tomentosus, Lin.-(Elephant's Foot.) This plant is a native of the southeastern States, and is recommended as a good diaphoretic and expectorant in doses of 5 to 30 minims of the fluid extract. Large doses produce emesis. 111 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Embellia Ribes.-Carminative, tonic, and antidyspeptic. The seed is the part most used, but the fruit is a good anthelmintic. Ephedra Antisyphilitica.-(Brigham-weed.) Of use in venereal diseases. Native of the Rocky Mountains. Dose, I or 2 drams. Ephedrine.-From Ephedra vulgaris, a plant, natural order Solanacese. It is an alkaloid whose hydrochlorate is found in circular crystals, freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. It is claimed to be a successful rival of atropia as a mydriatic. Erythrophlaein.-A toxic alkaloid, introduced as a rival of cocaine for producing local anaesthesia. Dose, for in- ternal use, to | of a grain. Ethoxy-Caffein.-A white powder, slightly soluble in alco- hol and readily soluble in water. It is used as a cerebro-spinal sedative to cure migraine and check neuralgia, in doses of i-I to 4 grains, with cocaine hydrochlorate to keep it from acting as an emetic. Ethyl Bromide.-A volatile liquid used for the rapid pro- duction of anaesthesia, that is said to produce no disagreeable after-effects. The quantity required is from i| to 6 drams. Ethylene Bromide.-C3H4Br2. Is recommended as a sub- stitute for the bromides in the treatment of epilepsy. May be administered in doses varying from J to 24 minims three times a day, either in milk or in the form of an emulsion. An oily solution may be used sub- cutaneously. Eucalyptol.-A colorless liquid of pungent taste and pleasant odor, soluble in alcohol but scarcely so in water. It is from the Eucalyptus tree, and is recommended as a powerful antiseptic and antipyretic. Eugenia Chequen.-(Chekan.) Introduced from Chili as a 112 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS useful remedy in chronic bronchial catarrh and in winter coughs among old people. Dose, I to 3 drams. Eugenol.-C17yH1^O3. (Eugenic Acid.) Prepared from oil of cloves, which it resembles in appearance, taste, and odor. It is soluble in ether and alcohol, and is used as an anaesthetic, antithermic, and antiseptic. The dose is 4 to 15 minims. Euphorin.-C9H1:lO2. (Phenyl-Ethylic-Urethane.) Awhite powder with a taste resembling cloves. It is prepared from anilin. In doses of i| to 10 grains it is said to relieve rheumatism and act as an antipyretic. It is claimed to rapidly heal ulcers by external application. Euphrasia officinalis, L.-This plant, of the order Scrophu- lariacese, was, during the prevalence of the old doctrine of signatures, used for eye diseases. It is now found to be useful in coryza and for aborting colds. The dose of the tincture is 6 to 8 drops. Exalgin.-Methylacetanilide. A white, crystalline powder, soluble in 6 parts of water and 34 parts of glycerine and less than an equal weight of alcohol. Antiseptic, anti- pyretic, and analgesic. Resembles antifebrin, but has been found more valuable in painful affections than the latter drug. Dose 2 to 8 grains, generally given in a mixture with alcohol, syrup, or water. Very large doses produce darkening of the blood and cause the formation of methaemoglobin. To be used with caution. Exodyne.-An anodyne composed of a mixture of go parts of acetanilid, 5 of salicylate of sodium, and 5 of bicarbonate of sodium. Employed in the same class of affections as acetanilid. Fluorescein.-A red powder, freely soluble in water. It is used as an aid to diagnosis in diseases of the eye. Un- healthy parts are stained by it, while the healthy is in no way affected. Foreign bodies in the eye, however small, are shown by a color-ring which it produces. 113 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Formyl-Amido-Phenol-Ether.-A substance used to check tetanus and possessing slight antipyretic qualities. Fuchsin.-Ca0H10N3, HC1. (Aniline Red.) An antimy- cotic When exhibited in |- to 4-grain doses. Has been used in chronic tuberculous affections of the larynx and pharynx. Gallacetophenone.-CHaCO, CcH3 (OH),. Used in der- matology as an efficient antimycotic in the form of a 10-per-cent. ointment. Garrya Fremontii.-(California Fever Bush.) An anti- periodic and antipyretic, used as a substitute for cinchona in doses of 10 to 30 minims of the fluid extract. Glycozone.-A liquid stable compound resulting from treat- ing glycerine with fifteen times its own volume of ozone. Is harmless, and an excellent gastric and intestinal antiseptic and antifermentative. Dose a dram to half an ounce or more. Gouania Domingensis.-(Jamaica Chewstick.) A climbing shrub of the West Indies, used to facilitate digestion and as a tonic in dyspepsia and consumption. Dose, fluid extract, 1 to 2 drams. Guafine.-A resin from the leaves of Psidium pyriferum, a South American tree of the order Myrtacese. It is recommended as a powerful antipyretic and an aid to digestion. Guaiacol.-C6H4OH, OCH2. Is much used as a substitute for creasote in pulmonary tuberculosis, administered with cod-liver oil. Schneller administers it frequently by inhalation, employing for this purpose weak aque- ous solutions (5:3000 to 5000). It may be injected in aqueous solution, in combination with a 10-per-cent iodoform-glycerine solution, into tuberculous glands and joints. Also an antipyretic in doses of | to 2 minims in pill or capsule. 114 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Guaiacol-Benzoyl.-C14H12O3. An odorless, insipid, white powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in ether, alcohol, and chloroform. Walzer advocates its use as a cure for consumption in doses of 4 grains gradually in- creased. Guaiacol-Salol.-C8H12O4. A white powder, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. Like salol, it does not break up until reaching the intestines, where it acts as a powerful disinfectant and antirheumatic. Dose 3 or 4 grains. Gyroscardia Odorata.-A plant of the order Bixaceae, the bark of which is being introduced as an antipyretic. Haemogallol.-A reduction-product of Haematin. Red- dish-brown powder. A very absorbable hmmatinic, for chlorosis, anaemia, etc. Dose 5 to 15 grains or more. Helianthelia Tumifolia.-A Florida plant resembling a sun- flower, possessing aromatic, expectorant, antispasmodic, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties in doses of 5 to 30 minims of fluid extract. Large doses are emetic. Histerionica Baylahuen.-A plant from Chili used as an astringent and antiseptic. Tincture is given in doses of 15 to 35 drops. Hollarhena.-A tincture of the seeds given in doses of 15 to 60 minims. It is said to equal quinine as an anti- periodic, and is likewise useful to check dysentery and destroy intestinal worms. Hydracetin. - (Acetyl-Phenyl Hydrazin), known also as Pyrodine. C6PIB, N2H2 (C2II3O). A white, crystal- line powder, odorless and almost tasteless, soluble in alcohol, and slightly and slowly soluble in water. Is antiseptic and a powerful antipyretic, but must be administered with caution, as toxic effects are readily produced. It is a powerful blood-poison, with destruc- tive action upon the red blood-corpuscles, analogous to that of potassium chloride. Dose j to 2 grains daily, 115 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS in one or two doses. A 10-per-cent. ointment is used in skin diseases. Hydrogen Peroxide.-Official as Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi. See Barium Dioxide in the official list. Commonly contains free hydrochloric acid, in order to keep well. Neutralize with sodii bicarb., to avoid irritating local effects. Add the soda until blue litmus paper is no longer reddened. Is a harmless and most excellent disinfectant of suppurating surfaces. Also one of the best means of removing diphtheritic membrane. Bleaches hair and skin a blond color. Hydroquinone.-(Paradioxybenzol), C8H4 (OH)2. Color- less crystals, freely soluble in alcohol and ether and in 17 parts of water. An efficient antiseptic and a good reducer of fever in doses of from 10 grains to nearly 1 dram. Hydroxylamine.-A white powder used in ointments and aqueous solutions of 1 to 10 per cent, for skin diseases. The hydrochlorate is used and is said to be a powerful antiseptic. Hypnal. - (Trichlor-Aldehyde- Phenyl - Dimethyl - Pyrazol), (CgH5) (CH3)2 C3HN2O, CC13 CHO. This crystal- line substance is produced when chloral-hydrate and antipyrine are mixed. It is said to be a good hypnotic when there is pain or coughing. Dose 15 grains. Hypnone.-(Acetophenone), C6H5CO, CH3. Is sold in large crystalline scales, having an odor resembling bitter almonds. Soluble in alcohol and ether, but not in water or glycerine, and is used as an hypnotic in doses of 7| grains. Ichthyol.-A mixture of sulphated hydrocarbons. Thiol varies but little from it. Used externally in rheumatism and inflammatory affections of the skin. Seventy-five grains can be taken a day in divided doses. For ex- ternal use 20 per cent, in lanolin makes the best combi- 116 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS nation. Von Nussbaum has recommended it locally, diluted one half with vaseline, for erysipelas. It is about the consistence and color of dark molasses and has a very unpleasant odor. Imperialine.-An alkaloid from Fritillaria imperialis, used as a heart depressant. C85H60NO4. Insoluble in water, but soluble in hot alcohol. Iodol. - (Tetra-Iodo-Pyrrol), C4I4NH. A yellowish or brownish-gray crystalline powder, having slight local anaesthetic properties. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, or chloroform. Tasteless, odorless, and contains about 90 per cent, of iodine. Like iodoform, it is a mild antiseptic and promotes granulations. Spoils in the light. lodophenin.-A most efficient bactericide, but objectionable because of its strong evolution of iodine and danger of iodine intoxication when administered internally. Jacoranda Porocera.-(Caroba.) An alterative, diuretic, sudorific, and tonic. Used also in skin diseases. Dose 15 minims to 1 dram of fluid extract. Jambol.-From an East Indian plant. Sygygenium Jambo- lanum. The active principle resides mostly in the seeds, next in the bark of root, next in the bark else- where. Contracts the arteries everywhere, causing considerable rise in the arterial pressure, especially that of the kidneys. Is heart and respiratory tonic, also in- creases peristalsis. In overdose, paralyzes all parts if formerly stimulated. Used in diabetes mellitus, also to some extent in gastritis, enteritis, peritonitis. Jatropha Machorhiza.-A Mexican alterative, cholagogue, and cathartic. Dose | to 2 drams. Kairin.-Like antipyrine is an alkaloid obtained synthetically from the Chinoline series. Professor Quinlan, of Dub- lin, callsit "a good and safe antipyretic." Erlanger recommends a sulphate of the alkaloid as being free 117 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS from marked untoward effects. Average dose 15 grains. The effect lasts but four hours. Sweating, some cardiac depression, itching of nose, dryness of throat; after several doses olive-green urine ; rigor when temperature ascends again, if it has been brought down to normal. Kefir .-A substance used in rendering milk more easily digested. It is prepared from a so-called " Kefir- fungi." The Kefir drink is of great use in con- valescence, anaemia, emaciation, etc. Lysol.-A saponified phenol with powerful antiseptic proper- ties. It is claimed by some that it is superior to the disinfectants commonly in use, including carbolic acid and the bichloride of mercury. It has no toxic effects. A i-per-cent. solution is a good general antiseptic. In 3-per-cent. solutions it has the properties of a soap and acts as an excellent disinfectant of the hands. Mercur-Glutino-Peptonate.-A white, hygroscopic powder, soluble in water and alcohol in every proportion. It holds 25 per cent, of corrosive sublimate. Used hypo- dermically in doses of of a grain it is said to be an effective cure for specific contagion. Mercur-Thymol-Acetate.-A white powder, insoluble in water. It is given hypodermically in purified petroleum oil in doses of 16 minims of a 3-to-4O preparation once a week. Consumption, complicated with specific dis- ease, is said to progress favorably under it. Methacetin.-(Para-Acet-Anisidin.) A slightly reddish, odor- less powder, slightly soluble in cold water, more in hot water, and still more in alcohol. It is related to phenacetin and, like it, used to reduce fever in doses of 3 to 6 grains. Methylal.-(Methylene Dimethilic Ether), CH2 (OCII3)3. A colorless liquid, having a chloroform-like odor with a warm, aromatic taste, soluble in 3 parts of water and in all proportions of chloroform, alcohol, or ether. It is 118 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS used as an antidote to strychnine and as a sleep pro- ducer. Methyl Chloride.-CH3 Cl. A colorless, easily liquefiable gas, with an odor like ether. It is used as a spray for the production of local anaesthesia. Methylene Chloride.-CH2 Cl2. A colorless, volatile liquid, with an odor resembling that of chloroform, soluble in alcohol and ether, and used as an anaesthetic. It was tried some years ago and rejected because it could not be had pure. It is again being introduced, but of better quality and safer. Methyl Fluoride.-A colorless liquid used as an anaesthetic. Microcidin.-(Sodium Naphtholate.) An efficient antipyretic, and is placed by Berlioz among the best and most in- nocuous of antiseptics. Best used in a 3:1000 solution. Mikania Guaco.-(Guaco.) Considered by the Mexicans as a specific in rheumatism. Dose, fluid extract, 15 to 30 minims. Monordica Balsamina.-(Balsam Cucumber.) A climbing vine of the tropics, used to relieve pain and as an expectorant. Dose, fluid extract, 1 to 4 drams. Moussena.-An anthelmintic from Acacia anthelmintica, natural order Leguminosae. One to two ounces of the powdered drug is taken as infusion. Murure Oil.-From Bichetea officinalis, a plant of Brazil, natural order Urticaceae. Dose, oz. ; also applied externally to cure ulcers and rheumatism. Musa Sapientum.-(Banana root.) Used as a cure for bronchocele in doses of 15 to 30 minims of fluid extract. Naphthalin.-C10H8. Comes in colorless scaly crystals of a tarry odor, that are insoluble in cold water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and freely soluble in fixed oils. It is a powerful antiseptic, and is used for diarrhoeas and intestinal troubles in doses of 10 to 15 grains. It has lately been introduced as a cheap substitute for camphor. 119 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Naphthalol.-(B-Naphthyl Salicylate.) C6H4 (OH)COOC10 H7. White scales, nearly insoluble in water, easily soluble in hot alcohol, and without taste or odor. It is a substitute for salol, and given in the same doses. Naphthols (A and B).-C10H7, OH. Colorless silky needles and grayish-white flakes. Soluble in alcohol and slightly in cold water. Used to check fermentation, as antiseptics, and in skin diseases. Naregamia Alata.-Known as Genoese ipecac. A near relative of Cocillana. The bark contains an alkaloid. It is used in India as a cholagogue, but introduced to us as an expectorant, to be taken in doses of 15 to 50 drops daily. The bad taste is overcome by laurel water. CEnothera Biennis.-(Evening primrose.) Said to be a good nervous sedative, relieving asthma, whooping- cough, and bronchial irritations in doses of 30 to 60 minims, fluid extract. Oresin.-C14H18N8, HC1.2H8O. A light-colored powder of a slightly bitter and intense burning after-taste, slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol. Has the property of stimulating the gastric secretion, and thus of increasing the appetite. It is only to be used in anorexia, when this condition is a secondary symp- tom, and is counter-indicated by the existence of any gastric disease proper. Dose, 2 to 5 grains. Orthin.--(Phenyl hydrazin.) Introduced as an antipyretic, but seems to be too toxic for safety. Ostrya Virginica.-(Ironwood ) Alterative, tonic, and anti- periodic in doses of 30 to 60 minims, fluid extract. Ouabain.-CS0H46O18 -|- 7H8O. Is a glucoside from the roots of Ouabaio, Carissa Schimjteri. It is supplied in white, inodorous crystals, that are soluble in water, and is used to cure whooping-cough, promote digestion, and produce local anaesthesia. It is an extremely poisonous 120 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS drug, and is used in minute doses, gr. to given as a per mille solution. It is probably homologous with strophanthin, which it closely resembles in its action. Oxy-Naphthoic Acid.-(Alpha.) C11H8OS. A light, white, crystalline powder, scarcely soluble in water, but soluble in about io per cent, of alcohol. Its antiseptic power being greater than that of salicylic acid, it acts well as an external dressing for wounds. Panbotana.-The bark of a Mexican Leguminosse, used as a substitute for quinine in I- or 2-dram doses. Papain.-A ferment obtained from the milky juice of Carica papaya, the South American melon tree, possessed of active digestive powers which are unaffected by the reaction of the fibrin-containing solution. It is the best solvent known for diphtheritic membrane when used in a 5- or 10-per cent, solution. One of the prin- cipal fields of usefulness for papain is the expulsion of intestinal parasites. For this purpose it is given in doses of 3 to 10 grains, mixed with 4 grains of Dover's powder, of which one sixth is taken night and morning. It has the advantage, as a digestant, over pepsin and pancreatin, that it acts well in acid, alkaline, and neutral media. Paracotoin.-A neutral principle from the bark of a South American tree. It comes in yellowish crystals, soluble in either alcohol or chloroform, but not in water. Used to cure diarrhoea in doses of 1 to 3 grains every two or three hours. Paracresotic Acid.-C8H9O8. Is an antipyretic employed mostly in the form of its sodium salt. Though inferior in rheumatism to salicylic acid, it doos not provoke as grave troubles, and is well tolerated by the digestive organs. The dose is from 2 to 3 grains up to 2 drams for adults. 121 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Para-Creasotinate of Sodium.-(Para-Oxytoluate of So- dium.) A white powder slightly soluble in water. Used as an antipyretic and for checking the intestinal catarrhs of children in doses of io to 40 grains per day. Pental.-CBH10, trimethylethylene-is an anaesthetic said by v. Mering to be both safe and effective. It is readily inhaled without affecting the membranes of the throat or air-passages. Pereirine.-An alkaloid from Poa pereira bark, that when given with quinine reduces the quantity needed and hastens the cure, as well as curing where quinine alone will fail. Dose, 7| grains. Persea Gratissima Gaert.-(Alligator Pear.) Used in Mexico as an anthelmintic and to cure intercostal neuralgia. The dose is 30 to 60 minims. Phenacetine.-A tasteless, white, glossy, crystalline powder ; odorless and tasteless. Scarcely soluble in water, slightly in glycerine, and freely in alcohol. An efficient anti- rheumatic, antipyretic, and antineuralgic analgesic, with no disagreeable after-effects. Recommended in whooping-cough, dissolved in glycerine. Dose, gr. 1 to 20. Phenocoll.-The hydrochlorate is generally used. Phenocoll Hydrochlorate.-A white crystalline powder. A rapid and powerful antipyretic, but with an effect upon the temperature of but short duration. It is especially efficacious in fever of hectic type, does not produce collapse or cyanosis, and gives rise to but slight sweating. It is said to be a better antipyretic than antipyrine or phenacetine. It works more quickly than phenacetine, and is more soluble. It is also a valuable nervine and antirheumatic, but without effect in gonor- rheal rheumatism. Dose, 8 to 15 grains. The maxi- mum daily dose is 75 grains. 122 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Phenolid.-A compound of acetanilid, 58 parts, and salicylate of sodium, 43 parts, offered as a remedy for neuralgic affections. Dose, 5 to 10 or 15 grains. Phenylmethane.-CH2 (C6H5)2. (Toluene.) A crystalline substance having an odor like oranges, insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. Its physiologi- cal effects are said to be identical with antipyrine, but in doses of one half the size. Phenyl-Urethane.-A white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, but freely soluble in alcohol. This is highly recommended in rheumatism, neuralgia, and fever, in doses of 3 to 8 grains. Pichi.-Fabiana imbricata. Used in diseases of the genito- urinary tract. The dose is 5 to 20 minims, fluid extract. Piperazin.-C4H10N2-is particularly designed to take the place of the lithium salts, and has proven itself of great service in the management of the uric-acid diathesis with the formation of concretions in the kidneys. It is the best uric-acid solvent known in doses of from 5 to 8 grains several times daily, with a maximum of from 15 to 30 grains. Subcutaneously it may be used in 5-grain doses. Piper Jaborandi.-(Jambu Assu.) A Brazilian shrub used as a stimulant and febrifuge, as well as for the relief of female diseases. The dose is 10 to 30 minims, fluid extract. Piperonal.-C8H6O3. (Heliotropin.) An aldehyde pro- duced by the oxidation of piperine. Insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and ether. Administered in doses of from 15 to 40 grains it acts as an antipyretic and antiseptic. Piscidia Erythina, Lin.-(Jamaica dogwood.) An anodyne and hypnotic. Used as a substitute for opium, to which it is said to be superior in some cases of neuralgia, rheumatism, bronchial affections, restlessness, insomnia, etc. The dose is 30 to 120 minims, fluid extract. 123 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Polymnia Vedalia, Lin.-(Bearsfoot.) Used with good re- sults in rheumatism and all glandular inflammations, as well as lumbago and spinal irritation. The dose is 3 drops, fluid extract, repeated every three hours. Polysolve.-(Sulpholeinic Acid.) Made by the action of sulphuric acid on fixed oils. Used as a vehicle for local antiseptics. It hastens the absorption of drugs through the skin. Potassium Cantharidate.-This is the celebrated consump- tion cure of Prof. Leibreich. A clear, transparent liquid, administered hypodermically in doses of 16 minims. It is said to act by directing the bacteria destroying cerum to the seat of the disease, and is claimed to in- crease the appetite, lessen the number of bacilli in the sputum, and give tone to the general nervous system. Pseudo-Ephedrine.-A mydriatic alkaloid from Ephedra vulgaris, variety Helvetia of the order Solanacese. The crystals have an agreeable odor, are soluble in alcohol, but scarcely in water. Several drops of a put into the eye in two successive applications at short intervals will maintain its effect on the pupil from six to nine hours. Ptyehotis Ajowan.-A Persian plant with powerful antiseptic properties, and used to cure rheumatism, intestinal in- flammations, dyspepsia, etc. The dose is 15 to 30 minims, fluid extract. Pyoktanins.-Aniline blue, violet, or yellow, free from every trace of arsenic. These were first discovered by Prof. Stilling as superior in many ways to corrosive sublimate for antiseptic dressing for wounds, ulcers, and pus-forming sores of all kinds. Being non-toxic, they can be used in any quantity with impunity. Cases of cancer and other tumors have been reported cured by injection of blue pyoktanin. In diseases of the skin and eye they have been found to give good results. 124 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Pyridine.-A volatile alkaloid of tobacco, long known, but lately used by inhalation for asthmatic patients. Pyrodine.-Vide Hydracetin. Quinolin.-The tartrate of this base has been recommended as an antipyretic. It is a white crystalline powder, given in doses of 15 to 30 grains. Rubidium Ammonium Bromide.-Lately introduced as a superior to potassium bromide for the same uses. Dose, 1 to 2 drams. Saccharin.-(Benzoyl Sulphinide), C6H4, CO, SO2, NH. A white powder with a slight odor of bitter almonds, especially when hot ; slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and alkaline solutions. It is 280 times sweeter than cane-sugar, and is a good antiseptic and antifermentive. Used in diabetes and cystitis in doses of a fraction of a grain to 6 or 8 grains. Too large doses produce loss of appetite. Used to disguise quinine, in 1 part to 2 of the quinine. Saccharin Amide.-(Para Benzoyl Sulphinide), C8H4(NH8) CO, SO2NH. This new compound is like saccharin and closely related thereto. It possesses intense sweet- ening power and will probably prove a rival to the former. Salinaphthol.-A combination of salicylic acid and beta- naphthol. It is an oderless, tasteless, white solid, in- soluble in water, and has been highly recommended as a substitute for salol in acute articular rheumatism. As an antipyretic and antiseptic it can be given in doses of 4 to 8 grains. Salipyrin.-C11H1SN8O.C7H6O3, the salicylate of anti- pyrin. Is an analgesic and antipyretic which may be administered in all cases in which the combined action of antipyrin and salicylic acid is desired. It does not produce the profuse perspiration seen after the use of salicylic acid. Dose is 90 grains during the day in 5 or 6 doses. 125 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Salophen. - (Acetyl-Para-Amydosalol.) Occurs in white, crystalline scales ; almost insoluble in cold water, fairly soluble in alcohol and ether ; odorless, tasteless. It contains 51 per cent, of salicylic acid. It splits up in the body into this and also into acetyl-para-amydo- phenol, which are recoverable from the urine. Valuable in acute articular rheumatism, and devoid of any ill- effects whatever on heart, kidneys, or stomach. Dr. W. H. Flint {Journal, July 30, 1892) used it success- fully in 15-grain doses every 3 hours (with the use also, three times a day, of 10 grains of sodium bicarbonate) ; 100 grains in 24 hours would not be excessive. Scopola Carniolica.-A Carpathian mountain plant of the order Solanaceae, the rhizome of which contains the alkaloid hyoscyamine in an almost pure state. It is cheaper than belladonna or hyoscyamus and is equally effective in many cases and better in others. It is an active mydriatic, good as an application to swollen glands, etc. The dose in pleurisy is half a grain of the solid extract at bedtime. Serum.-That from the blood of immune animals is said to be curative of such contagious diseases as the animal is not susceptible to. Buchner first showed its power. Simaba Cedron, Planchon.-A South American tree used with good effect in malaria, dyspepsia, and snake bite. The dose is 4 to 15 minims fluid extract. Sodium Anisate.-Colorless crystals, soluble in cold water. Used as an antiseptic and antipyretic. The dose is 10 to 30 grains. Sodium Cantharidate.-Cl0H12Na2O5-|-aq. This is like potassium cantharidate and is used for the same purpose. Sodium Chloroborite.-A white, inodorous, non-toxic pow- der, used as an antiseptic internally and externally. In gynecological practice a 5- to 10-per-cent. solution is used for injecting and douching, while in diarrhoea the powder is given internally in doses. 126 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Sodium Dithio Salicylates (No. i and No. 2).-Grayish white hygroscopic powders, quite soluble in water. They are used as antiseptics and antirheumatics. The latter in doses of 3 grains twice a day in light cases or every 3 hours in graver ones. Sodium Paracresotinicum.-A fine crystalline powder, with a bitter but not nauseous taste, soluble in 24 parts of hot water, and does not separate on cooling. Used in gastro- intestinal catarrh, in rheumatism, and consumption with good results. It reduces fever, checks pain, and causes perspiration in doses of 10 to 20 grains in every 3 hours. Sodium Silico-Fluoride.-Known also as Eugenol. An odorless but powerful deodorizer, not safe for internal use, but an excellent antiseptic for disinfecting the pulp of bad teeth in solutions of 2 grains to an ounce. It is soluble in 150 parts of water. Solanum Carolinense.-A plant of the order Solanacese, a tincture of the berries of which is claimed to cure epi- lepsy if given in doses of 10 drops to a dram. The common name is horse nettle. Somnal.-Clear, colorless crystals, slightly bitter taste, and soluble in water or alcohol. The dose to produce sleep is 30 grains, but it has been reported as acting favorably in less than half the cases tried. Sozoiodolates.-(Salts of Di-Iodophenol-Sulphonate.) Mer- curic, potassic, zinc, and sodic salts. The last is in white, odorless crystals, soluble in water and alcohol. They are all used in parasitic skin diseases and as efficient substitutes for iodoform. Spermine. - C4H10N3. A substance first isolated by Schreiner from a fluid of the animal body. To it is accredited the benefits derived from Brown-Sequard's Elixir, as it is a constituent thereof and produces the same physiological results. Piperazidine, or diethylene- diamine, has been claimed as the same thing syntheti- 127 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS cally produced, Bock showed that it lacked the nerve- exciting properties and could only be an isomeric body. Strophanthin.-C31H48O12. A glucoside from the Apocy- naceous climbing plant Strophanthus hispidus. It is of use as a local anaesthetic and as a heart stimulant. The dose is from to sis' a grain- Strychnos Malaccensis.-(Hoang-Nan.) A climbing plant of Southeastern Asia, used in the treatment of leprosy and as an alterative and spinant. The dose is 3 to io minims of the tincture. Styrone. -An antiseptic prepared from storax and having an agreeable odor. It is non-poisonous, slightly soluble in water, and soluble in alcohol. Succinimide of Mercury.-(C4H4O2N)2 Hg. Silky, color- less needles that are very soluble in water. It is used hypodermically in specific disease, and has the advan- tage over most soluble mercuric salts of not precipitating albumen. The dose is of a grain, with cocaine to allay smarting. Sulphaninol.-A yellowish, odorless, tasteless powder, used as a substitute for iodoform. It possesses powerful antiseptic properties. Sulphonal.-(Diethyl-sulphon-dimethyl-methane, (CH3)2, C, (C2H5SO2)2. White crystals, soluble in 500 parts of water, 133 parts of ether, or 65 parts of alcohol, and is odorless and almost tasteless. T wenty- to 30-grain doses will give an average sleep of 6 hours to 85 % of all who take it. Syzygium Jambolanum.-An extract of the fruit of Jambul, which when given to diabetic patients rapidly reduces the quantity of sugar excreted. Taxine.-A narcotic alkaloid from the yew tree. Terebene.-C10H16. A clear, colorless liquid, having a thyme-like odor, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether. It is a stimulating expectorant and 128 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS antiseptic in doses of 5 to 20 drops. It is prepared from turpentine by the action of sulphuric acid. Tetra Chloride of Carbon.-CC14. A colorless liquid, in- soluble in water but soluble in ether. It is said to be a harmless substitute for chloroform. It acts more rapidly but less intensely. Used by inhalation from a handker- chief to relieve pain. Tetronal.-(Diethyl-sulphon-diethyl-methane.) (C2H4)2, C, (C2H5SO2)2. A white crystalline substance, very spar- ingly soluble in water. It is a much more powerful hypnotic than sulphonal, but it is also more toxic. The dose is 4 to 6 grains. Thalline Sulphate.-(C10H13NO)2, II2SO4 (Sulphate of tetra-hydropara-quinanisol.) A yellowish-white crys- talline powder, having a bitterish, saline, aromatic taste and cumerin odor ; soluble in 7 parts of water and 100 of alcohol. It is antipyretic, antiseptic, and antizy- motic, and is given in doses of 2 to 8 grains in water or wine. It is used as an injection in acute urethritis. The tartrate of thalline is also frequently used. Thermifugin.-(Methyl-trihydro-oxyquinoline carbonate of sodium.) C9H8 (CH3) N, CO ONa. A yellowish- white crystalline substance, forming with water a brown solution. It is used to increase the blood pressure, re- duce the temperature, and lower the pulse rate. Thiol.-An artificial representative of natural ichthyol; is highly recommended for use in gynecological practice. It is said that under its use pelvic exudates disappear in a few weeks. It may be used internally in 2- to 10-grain doses, and externally in the form of an ointment. Thioresorcin.-C6II4 (SH)s. A grayish powder, free from bad odor, insoluble in water and scarcely soluble in alcohol, but readily soluble in alkaline solutions. It is an efficient antiseptic and cheap substitute for iodoform. 129 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS Trichloracetic Acid.-HC8C13O8. Is one of the best caustics in materia medica, especially for rhino-pharyn- gology. Its action is almost painless, and healing is free from pain or reaction. Trional.-(Diethyl-sulphon-methyl-ethyl-methane.) A white crystalline substance insoluble in water and possessing an hypnotic power intermediate between sulphonal and tetronal. The dose also is midway between them. Tuberculin.-Kochii. A clear, syrupy liquid of a faint brownish-red color and neutral reaction, soluble in water, with greenish fluorescence. It possesses an yeasty odor when fresh. The dose is of a minim, diluted as required with carbolic acid water and grad- ually increased. This is the remedy that created such world-wide excitement for a time. It is a product of pure cultures of tubercle bacilli preserved in 50 % of glycerine. The title lymph applied to it by the news- papers was a total misnomer. It in no way resembles or has any relation to lymph. Tumenol.-Is especially recommended for the itching of eczema and other forms of dermatitis. It is a sul- phonated preparation of hydrocarbon, and occurs in three forms-tumenol itself, tumenol sulphone, and tumenol sulphonic acid. It may be used in the form of a 5- to 10-$ paste, or as a 10-$ tincture. Umbellularia Californica.-(California laurel.) This plant is used with good results in neuralgic headache, menin- gitis, colic, etc. The dose is 10 to 30 minims of the fluid extract. Uralium.-(Chloral-methane.) Colorless, bitter crystals, al- most insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. As an hypnotic it resembles somnal. The dose is about 10 grains. Urethane.-(Ethyl carbonate.) CO, NH2, OC8, HB. Trans- parent crystals, with a cool, saline, slightly bitter taste ; 130 LIST OF THE NEWER UNOFFICIAL DRUGS soluble in water and alcohol, but scarcely soluble in ether. A good, mild sleep-producer for children. The dose is 4 to 50 grains, according to age. It is antago- nistic to tetanus, convulsions, and strychnine. Vasicine.-An alkaloid from the leaves of Adhatoda vasica, Nees, of the order Acanthacese. The plant is used in India, Ceylon, and Malay as an expectorant, as well as insecticide. Vernouin.-C10H24O7. A glucoside from Vernonia nigratans, of the order Compositae. It comes as a white hygro- scopic powder, and is used like digitaline in heart dis- eases, but is one fortieth weaker. Xylene.-(Dimethyl-benzene.) A clear, colorless liquid, with an agreeable, aromatic odor. It is used as a substitute for carbolic acid, having the advantage of being much less toxic. 131 INCOMPATIBILITY. The following simple rules, given by Dr. S. O. Potter, may prove a great convenience to student and practitioner ; Never use more than one remedy at a time, if one will serve the purpose. Never use strong mineral acids in combination with other agents, unless you know exactly what reaction will ensue. They decompose salts of the weaker acids and form ethers with alcohol. Select the simplest solvent, diluent, or excipient you know of, remembering that the solvent power of alcohol and water, for their particular substances, decreases in proportion to the quantity of the other added. Never combine Free Acids with hydrates or carbonates. Generally do not combine two or more soluble salts. The following more or less insoluble salts will be formed whenever the materials of which they are composed are brought together in solutions : the Hydrates, Carbonates, Phosphates, Borates, Arseniates, and Tannates of most earthy and heavy metals and alkaloids, and the metallic Sulphides; the Sulphates of Calcium, of Lead, and of the subsalts of Mercury ; the Chlorides, Iodides, and Bromides of Bismuth, Silver, Lead, and subsalts of Mercury ; the Iodides of Quinine, Morphine, and most alkaloids. 132 INCOMPATIBILITY Alkalies precipitate the alkaloids and the soluble non- alkaline metallic salts, and (as also metallic Hydrates and Carbonates) neutralize free acids. Silver Nitrate, Lead Acetate, Corrosive Sublimate, Potas- sium Iodide should nearly always be prescribed alone. The first with Creasote forms an explosive compound. Aconite should never be given in any vehicle except water. Silver Nitrate, and Lead Acetate and Subacetate, although incompatible with almost everything, may be combined with Opium ; the latter forming with Opium a compound which, although insoluble, is therapeutically active as a lotion. Corrosive Sublimate is incompatible with almost everything, and should be given in Simple Syrup ; even the Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla is said to decompose it. Tannic Acid, and substances containing it, are incompatible with albumen and gelatin. Tannic Acid, Iodine, and the soluble Iodides are incompatible with the alkaloids and sub- stances containing them, and with most soluble metallic salts. Vegetable Infusions are generally incompatible with metallic salts. Glucosides, such as Santonin and Colocynthin, should not be prescribed with free acids or Emulsin. Dangerous Compounds, because poisonous, are: Potassic Iodide with Potassic Chlorate ; Hydrocyanic acid or Potassium Cyanide with metallic Hydrates, Carbonates, Sub-nitrates or Sub-chlorides, as Bismuth Carbonate, or Nitrate, or Calomel. Explosions would result from the combination of powerful oxidizers with readily oxidizable substances, as-Potassium Chlorate or Permanganate with Tannin, Sugar, Sulphur, Sulphides, Vegetable powders, Glycerin, Alcohol, Tinctures, or Ether. 133 FOR ADDITIONAL NOTES.